Hindi Jain Sahityame Rahasya Bhavna

Author(s): Pushplata Jain
Publisher: Sanmati Prachya Shodh Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022771/1

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasya bhAvanA ahiMsA DaoN. zrImatI puSpalatA jaina

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grantha ke sandarbha meM _ adhyAtma kI carama sImA kI anubhUti rahasyavAda hai| yaha vaha sthiti hai, jahA~ AtmA vizuddha paramAtmA bana jAtA hai aura vItarAgI hokr| 'cidAnanda rasa kA pAna karatA hai| prastuta grantha "hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA" ke 'antargata vyApaka phalaka para rahasya-cintana aura rahasya bhAvanA kA vizleSaNa ATha parivartoM ke antargata prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ eka ora grantha meM hindI sAhitya ke kAla-vibhAjana, usakI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi, AdikAlIna evaM madhyakAlIna jaina kAvya pravRttiyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora rahasyabhAvanA ke svarUpa, usake bAdhaka evaM sAdhaka tattvoM kA vivecana karate hue jaina rahasya bhAvanA kA saguNa, nirguNa, sUphI va Adhunika rahasyabhAvanA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka / adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prastuta tathya adhyayana, AlocanA evaM gaveSaNA se saMyukta hai| jaina-jainetara kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA Alor3anavilor3ana kara lekhikA ne jo niSkarSa diye haiM ve pramANa purassara hone ke sAtha-sAtha navIna dRSTi aura cintana lie hue haiN| AzA hai prastuta grantha hindI kAvya kii| rahasyadhArA ko samagra rupa se samajhane meM apanI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaayegii| ISBN - 84-85783-32-2 mUlya : 1150.00 rupaye

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jaina granthamAlA hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA DaoN. zrImatI puSpalatA jaina prophesara evaM adhyakSa apabhraMza, hindI evaM bhASAvijJAna vibhAga sanmati prAcya zodha saMsthAna, nAgapura 2008 sanmati prAcya zodha saMsthAna, nAgapura kalA evaM dharma zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI

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jaina granthamAlA hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA DaoN. zrImatI puSpalatA jaina prophesara evaM adhyakSa apabhraMza, hindI evaM bhASAvijJAna vibhAga sanmati prAcya zodha saMsthAna, nAgapura prakAzaka DaoN. premazaMkara dvivedI (mAnada nidezaka) kalA evaM dharma zodha saMsthAna bI. 33/33, e-1, nyU sAketa kAlonI bI.eca.yU., vArANasI - 221005 phona naM. 0542-2310682 lekhaka dvArA sarvAdhikAra surakSita prathama saMskaraNa 2008 mUlya : 1150.00 rupaye DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara (mAnada nidezaka) sanmati prAcya zodha saMsthAna nyU ekTeMzana eriyA, 13, tukArAma cAla, sadara, nAgapura - 440001 phona naM. 0712-2541726 E-mail : drbcjain@hotmail.com kalA prakAzana bI. 33/33, e-1, nyU sAketa kAlonI bI.eca.yU., vArANasI - 221005 phona naM. 0542-2310682 ISBN No. 81-85783-32-2 prApti sthAna Aloka prakAzana nyU ekTeMzana eriyA, 13, tukArAma cAla, sadara, nAgapura - 440001 phona naM. 0712-2541726 E-mail : drbcjain@hotmail.com

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JU JOTESTENS TR parama pUjyA zvazrU zrImatI tulasA devI dharmapatnI sva0 zrI gorelAla jaina ke kara kamaloM meM sAdara samarpita, jinhoMne adhyayana ke lie apekSita mAtRvat aMpAra snehila vAtAvaraNa evaM pyAra bharA sahayoga pradAna kiyA / pa

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Wan OM pra Namo arihaMtANaM Namo siddhANaM Narmo AiriyANaM Narmo uvajjhAyANaM nnmo loe savvasAhUNaM Wan 60

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abhimata zrImatI puSpalatA jaina kA yaha zodha prabandha AdyopAnta par3hA hai| unhoMne rahasyavAda ke sandarbha ko apane Thosa pramANoM ke sAtha kucha aura Age bar3hAyA hai aura hindI jaina kAvya ke AdhAra para jaina rahasyavAda ko samucita rUpa se upasthita karane kA abhinava prayatna kiyA hai / antima adhyAya meM jaina aura jainetara kaviyoM kI rahasyavAdAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA jo sundara tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta huA hai vaha vizeSa prazaMsanIya hai / aneka aprakAzita hindI jaina kaviyoM ko bhI isa zodhaprabandha meM sthAna milA hai| bhASA evaM zailI pravAhamayI hai, prabhAvaka hai aura viSayAnukUla hai| ataeva zrImatI jaina kA yaha sArA adhyayana svAgatArha hai| - DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI (parIkSaka) zrImatI puSpalatA jaina kA adhyayana vistRta aura gaharA hai| unhoMne vyApaka phalaka para rahasya - cintana aura rahasya - bhAvanA kA vivecana vizleSaNa kiyA hai| ATha parivartomeM vibhAjita apane zodha prabandha meM jahA~ eka ora unhoMne hindI sAhitya ke kAla-1 - vibhAjana, usakI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi, AdikAlIna aura madhyakAlIna jaina kAvya pravRttiyoM para prakAza DAlA hai vahA~ dUsarI ora rahasya-bhAvanA ke svarUpa, usake bAdhaka evaM sAdhaka tattvoM kA vivecana karate hue jaina rahasyabhAvanA kA saguNa, nirguNa, sUphI va Adhunika rahasyabhAvanA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai / unakA adhyayana, AlocanA evaM gaveSaNA se saMyukta hai| paMcazatAdhika jaina - jainetara kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA Alor3ana-vilor3anakara unhoMne apane jo niSkarSa diye haiM ve pramANapurassara hone ke sAtha-sAtha navIna dRSTi aura cintana liye hue haiM / mujhe pUrA vizvAsa hai ki yaha kRti hindI kAvya kI rahasyadhArA ko samagra rUpa se samajhane meM apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAyegI / - DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata prastuta zodha-prabandha meM zrImatI puSpalatA jaina kA gambhIra adhyayana aura cintana pratibimbita hotA hai| isameM jaina rahasyavAda kI mImAMsA aura prastuti sahI DhaMga se huI hai| prakAzita-aprakAzita hindI jaina kaviyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA yaha adhyayana niHsandeha prazaMsanIya hai / - DaoN0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla (parIkSaka)

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prAkkathana Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM bhautikavAdI daur3a-dhUpa karane ke bAvajUda vyakti zAnta aura sukhI nahIM hai kyoMki usane AtmasvabhAva meM sthita na rahakara vaibhAvika kSetra meM vicaraNa karanA zurU kara diyA hai| usane ahaM ko zira para rakhakara svayaM ko sabase bar3A vivekI aura khojI samajha liyA hai| isI bhUla aura bhrAnti ne use Akula-vyAkula, vyagra tathA azAnta banA diyA hai| isI se vaha apane mUla svabhAva ko bhUlakara svayaM meM chipe paramAtmA ko bAhara khoja rahA hai| taba vaha mile kaise ? paramAtmapada kI prApti to saMyama, tapa, indriyanigraha, yama, niyama, viveka Adi ke mAdhyama se hI ho sakatI hai| aise sAdhana bhI hara yuga meM hote raheM jo bhItara se jur3akara apane ko bunate raheM, gunate raheM / bhItara kI yaha bunAvaTa kiMvA khulAvaTa Atma-sAkSAtkAra kI prakriyA kA pariNAma hai| isakA Ananda indriyAtIta hai| svAdhIna aura avyAbAdha hai| bhakta aura sAdhaka kaviyoM ne isa anubhUta Ananda ko nAnAvidha rUpoM meM abhivyakta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| sAhitya meM yaha pravRtti 'rahasyavAda' nAma se abhihita kI gayI hai / sAmAnyataH rahasyavAda kI sRSTi ke lie jIva aura brahma kA bhinna-bhinna honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| jIva brahma se milane ke lie na kevala Akula-vyAkula rahatA hai, praNaya nivedana karatA hai, varan nAnAvidha bAdhAoM ko jaya karane meM bhI apane puruSArtha parAkrama kA

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA upayoga karatA hai| rahasyavAdI kaviyoM ne jIva aura brahma ke pArasparika milana aura usakI AnandAnubhUti kA vibhinna pratIkoM, rUpakoM, ulaTa-vAsiyoM Adi ke rUpa meM prabhAvakArI varNana kiyA hai para jaina sAdhanA meM jIva aura brahma ke milana kI nahIM, varan jIva ke hI brahma ho jAne kI sthiti svIkAra kI gayI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jIva apane vikAroM para vijaya prApta kara, samasta karma pudgaloM kI raja haTAkara apanI AtmA cetanA ko itanA vizuddha aura nirmala banA letA hai ki vaha svayaM paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| taba jIva aura brahma meM kiMcit bhI antara nahIM rhtaa| isa dRSTi se jitane bhI jIva haiM, una sabakA brahma ho jAnA saMbhAvya hai| zarta hai kevala apane ko nirmala, vizuddha aura nirvikAravItarAga banAnA / jaina darzana ke Izvara viSayaka isa bhinna dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa AlocakoM meM jaina rahasyavAda ko lekara mata - vaibhinya rahA hai aura use zaMkA kI dRSTi se dekhA hai| para mujhe yaha kahate hue atyanta prasannatA hai ki DaoN. zrImatI puSpalatA jaina ne isa khatare ko uThAkara apane isa zodhaprabandha 'madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya meM rahasyabhAvanA' meM vibhinna zaMkAoM kA sukara samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai dArzanika stara para bhI aura sAhityika stara para bhI / zrImatI puSpalatA jaina kA adhyayana vistRta aura gaharA hai| unhoMne vyApaka phalaka para rahasya cintana aura rahasya bhAvanA kA vivecana vizleSaNa kiyA hai| ATha parivarto meM vibhAjita apane zodha prabaMdha meM jahA~ eka ora unhoMne hindI sAhitya ke kAla - vibhAjana, usakI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi, AdikAlIna evaM madhyakAlIna jaina kAvya pravRttiyoM para prakAza DAlA hai vahA~ dUsarI ora rahasyabhAvanA ke

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prAkkathana svarUpa, usake bAdhaka evaM sAdhaka tattvoM kA vivecana karate hue jaina rahasyabhAvanA kA saguNa, nirguNa, sUphI va Adhunika rahasyabhAvanA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| unakA adhyayana AlocanA evaM gaveSaNA se saMyukta hai| paMcazatAdhika jaina-jainetara kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA Alor3ana-vilor3anakara unhoMne apane jo niSkarSa diye haiM ve pramANapurassara hone ke sAtha-sAtha navIna dRSTi aura cintana liye hue haiM mujhe pUrA vizvAsa hai ki yaha kRti hindI kAvya kI rahasyadhArA ko samagra rUpa se samajhane meM apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaayegii| DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata esoziyeTa prophesara, hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizavavidyAlaya, jayapura 23 aprela, 1984

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viSayAnukramaNikA 1-24 25-56 38-50 prAkkathana upasthApanA prathama parivarta kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kAla vibhAjana sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 1. rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi 2. dhArmika pRSThabhUmi 1. vaidika dharma 2. jainadharma 3. bauddhadharma 3. sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi dvitIya parivarta AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ apabhraMza kA hindI para prabhAva apabhraMza bhASA kA prArUpa 1. svara aura dhvaniyA~ 2. vyaMjana dhvaniyA~ 3. pada racanA 48 57-104

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 4. vibhaktiyA~ aura zabda rUpa 5. sarvanAma 6. dhAtu rUpa 7. parasargo kA udaya 8. vAkya racanA apabhraMza sAhitya kA hindI sAhitya para prabhAva apabhraMza aura avahaTTa hindI -AdikAla ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna kAla vibhAjana sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi AdikAla kA apabhraMza bahula prArambhika sAhitya 13vIM zatI ke hindI jaina kavi 14vIM zatI ke hindI jaina kavi kAvyarUpa bhASAdarzana hindI jaina gIti kAvya paraMparA AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya meM gIti kAvya paramparA jaina saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraMza gIti kAvya paramparA hindI gIti kAvya tRtIya parivarta 105-154 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 1. prabandha kAvya 108 2. paurANika kAvya 110

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or x x 120 x x viSayAnukramaNikA 3. carita kAvya 4. kathA kAvya 5. rAsA sAhitya 6. rUpaka kAvya 7. adhyAtma aura bhaktimUlaka kAvya 8. AdhyAtmika kAvya 125 9. stavana pUjA aura jayamAla sAhitya 129 10. cUnar3I kAvya 11. phAgu, beli, bArahamAso aura vivAhalo sAhitya 132 12. saMkhyAtmaka kAvya 138 13. gIti kAvya 140 14. prakIrNaka kAvya 15. maru-gurjara hindI jaina sAhityika pravRttiyAM caturtha parivarta 155-198 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa rahasyaH zAbdika artha, abhivyakti aura prayoga rahasyavAda kI paribhASA 160 1. bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM rahasyavAda 2. pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM rahasyavAda rahasya bhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda ke pramukha tattva rahasyabhAvanA kA sAdhya, sAdhana aura sAdhaka adhyAtmavAda aura darzana 176 152 Ww G. G G

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193 199-250 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA rahasyavAda aura adhyAtmavAda rahasyavAda aura darzana rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda ke prakAra rahasya bhAvanA aura rahasyavAda kI paramparA bauddha rahasya bhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda jaina rahasya bhAvanA jaina aura jainetara rahasya bhAvanA meM antara paMcama parivarta rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 1. sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanA 2. zarIra kA mamatva 3. karmajAla 4. mithyAtva 5. kaSAya 6. moha 7. bAhyADambara 8. mana kI caMcalatA SaSTha parivarta rahasya bhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 1. sadguru 2. Atma sambodhana 3. Atmacintana 4. AtmA-paramAtmA 233 2 251-296

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viSayAnukramaNikA 5. AtmA aura pudgala 6. cittazuddhi 7. bhedavijJAna 8. ratnatraya saptama parivarta rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 1. prapatta bhAvanA 2. sahaja - sAdhanA aura samarasatA 3. bhAvanAtmaka rahasya bhAvanA 4. AdhyAtmika holI 5. paMca - kalyANaka aSTama parivarta rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 1. sAdhanA mUlaka rahasyabhAvanA 1. sAdhaka-bAdhaka tattva 1. bAdhaka tattva 1. saMsAra - cintana 2. zarIra se mamatva 3. mithyAtva, moha aura mAyA 4. mana 5. bAhyADambara V 278 283 286 290 297-348 297 298 321 327 338 346 349-434 349 349 349 349 349 352 355 361 363

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 367 pa PW . 407 sAdhaka tattva 1. sadguru aura satsaMga 2. Atma-paramAtma-nirUpaNa 3. prapatta - bhAvanA 4. sahaja-yoga sAdhanA aura samarasatA bhAvamUlaka rahasya bhAvanA 1. anubhava 2. sUphI rahasya bhAvanA 3. nirguNa bhaktoM kI rahasya bhAvanA 4. saguNa bhaktoM kI rahasyabhAvanA 5. sUphI aura jaina rahasyabhAvanA 6. nirguNa rahasyabhAvanA aura jaina rahasyabhAvanA 7. saguNa rahasyabhAvanA aura jaina rahasyabhAvanA 8. madhyakAlIna jaina rahasyabhAvanA aura Adhunika rahasyavAda saMdarbha anukramaNikA pariziSTa sahAyaka granthoM kI saMkSipta sUcI < < < < < www 412 419 424 427 430-434 435-486 487-498

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upasthApanA vyakti aura sRSTi ke sarjaka tattvoM kI gaveSaNA eka rahasyavAdI tattva hai aura saMbhavataH isIliye cintakoM aura zodhakoM meM yaha viSaya vivAdAspada banA rahA hai / anubhava ke mAdhyama se kisI satya aura parama ArAdhya ko khojanA isakI mUlapravRtti rahI hai / isa mUlapravRtti kI paripUrti meM sAdhaka kI jijJAsA aura tarkapradhAna buddhi vizeSa yogadAna detI hai / yahIM se darzana kA janma hotA hai / isameM sAdhaka svayaM ke mUla rUpa meM kendrita sAdhya kI prApti kA sunizcita lakSya nirmita kara letA hai / sAdhya kI prApti kAla meM vyaktittva kA nirmANa hotA hai aura isa vyaktittva kI sarjanA meM adhyAtma cetanA kA pramukha hAtha rahatA hai| mAnava svabhAvatayA sRSTi ke rahasya ko jAnane kA tIvra icchuka rahatA hai| usake mana meM sadaiva yaha jijJAsA banI rahatI hai ki isa sRSTi kA racayitA kauna hai? zarIra kA nirmANa kaise hotA hai ? zarIra ke andara vaha kauna sI zakti hai, jisake astitva se usameM spaMdana hotA hai aura jisake abhAva meM usa spaMdana kA lopa ho jAtA hai ? yadi isa zakti ko AtmA yA brahma kahA jAye to vaha nitya hai athavA anitya ? usake nityatva athavA anityatva kI sthiti meM karma kA kyA sambandha hai aura karmo se mukti pAne para usa zakti kA kyA svarUpa hai ? rahasyavAda ke ye praznacinha haiM aura ina prazna cinhoM kA samAdhAna jaina-siddhAnta meM atyanta sulajhe aura sarala DhaMga se anekAntavAda kA Azraya lekara kiyA gayA hai|

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA isa rahasyavAda kI dhurI ke anveSaNa meM hara deza meM vividha prayatna kiye gaye haiM aura una prayatnoM kA eka vizeSa itihAsa banA huA hai| hamArI bhArata vasundharA para vaidika kAla se lekara Adhunika kAla taka dArzanikoM ne ina praznoM para ciMtana-manana kiyA hai aura usakA niSkarSa granthoM ke pRSThoM para aMkita kiyA hai| upaniSad kAla meM isa rahasyavAda para vizeSa rUpa se vicAra prArambha huA aura usakI pariNati tatkAlIna anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM jAgrata huI / yadyapi isakA itihAsa sindhughATI meM prApta yogI kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai, parantu jaba taka usakI lipi kA parijJAna nahIM hotA, isa sandarbha meM nizcita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / muMDakopaniSad ke ye zabda ciMtana kI bhUmikA para bAra-bAra utarate haiM jahAM para kahA gayA hai ki brahma na netroM, se, vacanoM se, na tapa se aura na karma se gRhIta hotA hai / vizuddha prANI usa brahma ko jJAna-prasAda se sAkSAtkAra karate haiMna cakSuSA gRhyate, nApi vAcA nAnyairdevaistapasA karmaNA vA / jJAna-prasAdena vizuddha satvastatastutaM pazyate niSkale dhyaaymaanH|| ____ rahasyabhAvanA kA yaha sUtra pAli-tripiTaka aura prAcIna jainAgamoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / majjhimanikAya kA vaha sandarbha jaina-rahasyavAda kI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki nigaNTha apane pUrva karmo kI nirjarA tapa ke mAdhyama se kara rahe haiM / isa sandarbha se spaSTa hai ki jaina siddhAMta meM AtmA ke vizuddha rUpa ko prApta karane kA athaka prayatna kiyA jAtA thaa| brahmajAlasutta meM aparAntadiTThi ke prasaMga meM bhagavAna buddha ne AtmA ko arUpI aura nitya svIkAra kiye jAne ke siddhAMta kA ullekha kiyA hai / isI sutta meM jainasiddhAMta kI dRSTi se rahasyavAda va anekAntavAda kA bhI patA calatA hai|

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3 rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda ke isa svarUpa ko kisI ne guhya mAnA aura kisI ne svasaMvedya svIkAra kiyA / jaina saMskRti meM mUlataH isakA "svasaMvedya" rUpa milatA hai jabaki jainetara saMskRti meM guhya rUpa kA prAcurya dekhA jAtA hai| jaina siddhAMta kA hara konA svayaM kI anubhUti se bharA hai / usakA hara pRSTha nijAnubhava aura cidAnanda caitanyamaya rasa se AplAvita hai / anubhUti ke bAda tarka kA bhI apalApa nahIM kiyA gayA balki use eka vizuddha ciMtana ke dharAtala para khar3A kara diyA gyaa| bhAratIya darzana ke lie tarka kA yaha viziSTa sthAna nirdhAraNa jaina saMskRti kA ananya yogadAna hai / 1 upasthApanA rahasya bhAvanA kA kSetra asIma hai / usa anantazakti ke srota ko khojanA asIma zakti ke sAmarthya ke bAhara hai| ataH asImatA aura parama vizuddhatA taka pahuMca jAnA tathA cidAnanda caitanyarasa kA pAna karanA sAdhaka kA mUla uddezya rahatA hai / isalie rahasyavAda kiMvA darzana kA prasthAna bindu saMsAra hai jahAM prAtyakSika aura aprAtyakSika sukhaduHkha kA anubhava hotA hai aura sAdhaka carama lakSya rUpa parama vizuddha avasthA ko prApta karatA hai / vahAM pahuMcakara vaha kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai aura apanA bhavacakra samApta kara letA hai / isa avasthA kI prApti kA mArga hI rahasya banA huA hai / ukta rahasya ko samajhane aura anubhUti meM lAne ke lie nimnalikhita pramukha tattvoM ko AdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai : 1. jijJAsA yA autsukya, 2. saMsAracakra meM bhramaNa karane vAle AtmA kA svarUpa, - 3. saMsAra kA svarUpa ,, 4. saMsAra se mukta hone ke upAya aura 5. mukta - avasthA kI parikalpanA /

Page #20
hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA AdikAla se hI rahasyavAda agamya, agocara gUr3ha aura durbodhya mAnA jAtA rahA hai / veda, upaniSad, jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM isI rahasyAtmaka anUbhUtiyoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA haiM yaha bAta alaga hai ki Aja kA rahasyavAda zabda usa samaya taka pracalita na rahA ho / 'rahasya' sarvasAdhAraNa viSaya hai / svakIya anubhUti usameM saMgaThita hai / anUbhUtiyoM kI vividhatA mata vaibhinya ko janma detI hai / pratyeka anubhUti vAda-vivAda kA viSaya banA hai / zAyada isIlie eka hI satya ko pRthak pRthak rUpa meM usI prakAra abhivyaMjita kiyA gayA jisa prakAra dasa aMkoM ke dvArA hAthI ke aMgopAMgoM kI vivecanA kaviyoM ne isa tathya ko sarala aura sarasa bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai / unhoMne paramAtmA ke prati prema aura usakI anubhUti ko "gUMge kA sA gur3a" batAyA hai - 'akatha kahAnI prema kI kachU kahI na jAya / gUge keri sarakarA, baiThA musakAI / ' jaina rahasyavAda paribhASA aura vikAsa rahasyavAda zabda aMgrejI "Mysticism" kA anuvAda hai, jise prathamataH san 1920 meM zrI mukuTadhara pAMDeya ne chAyAvAda viSayaka lekha meM prayukta kiyA thA / prAcIna kAla meM isa sandarbha meM AtmavAda athavA adhyAtmavAda zabda kA prayoga hotA rahA hai / yahAM sAdhaka AtmA paramAtmA, svarga, naraka, rAga-dveSa Adi ke viSaya meM cintana karatA thaa| dhIre-dhIre AcAra aura vicAra qA samanvaya huA aura dArzanika cintana Age bar3hane lagA / kAlAntara meM divya zakti kI prApti ke lie, paramAtmA ke dvArA nirdiSTa mArga kA anukaraNa aura anusaraNa hone lgaa| usa parama' vyaktittva ke prati bhAva umar3ane lage aura usakA sAkSAtkAra rahasyavAda bhI isI pRSThabhUmi meM dRSTavya hai /

Page #21
upasthApanA 5 rahasyavAda kI paribhASA samaya, paristhiti aura cintana ke anusAra parivartita hotI rahI hai / prAyaH pratyeka dArzanika ne svayaM se sambandhita darzana ke anusAra pRthak rUpa se ciMtana aura ArAdhana kiyA hai aura usI sAdhanA ke bala para apane parama lakSya ko prApta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se rahasyavAda kI paribhASAeM bhI unake apane DhaMga se abhivyaMjita huI haiM / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI rahasyavAda kI paribhASA para vicAra kiyA hai / varTUnDarasela kA kahanA hai ki rahasyavAda Izvara ko samajhane kA pramukha sAdhana hai / ise hama svasaMvedya jJAna kaha sakate hai jo tarka aura vizleSaNa se bhinna hotA hai'| phlIDara rahasyavAda ko AtmA aura paramAtmA ke ekatva kI pratIti mAnate haiM / priMgila peTIzana ke anusAra rahasyavAda kI pratIti carama satya ke grahaNa karane ke prayatna meM hotI hai / isase Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai / buddhi dvArA carama satya ko grahaNa karanA usakA dArzanika pakSa hai aura Izvara ke sAtha milana kA Ananda-upabhoga karanA usakA dhArmika pakSa hai / Izvara eka sthUla padArtha na rahakara eka anubhava ho jAtA haiM / yahAM rahasyavAda anubhUti ke jJAna kI uccatama avasthA mAnI gayI hai / Adhunika bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI rasyavAda kI paribhASA para maMthana kiyA hai / rAmacandra zukla ke zabdoM meM 'jJAna ke kSetra meM jise advaitavAda kahate haiM bhAvanA ke kSetra meM vahI rahasyavAda kahalAtA hai / DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne rahasyavAda kI paribhASA kI hai - "rahasyavAda jIvAtmA kI usa antarhita pravRtti kA prakAzana hai jisameM vaha divya aura alaukika 1. Mysticism and Logic, Page 6 -17 2. Mysticism in Religion, P25 3. bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda - DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa pANDeya, pR. 6

Page #22
hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA zakti se apanA zAMta aura nizchala sambandha jor3anA cAhatI hai / yaha sambandha yahAM taka bar3ha jAtA hai ki donoM meM kucha bhI antara nahIM raha jaataa| aura bhI anya Adhunika vidvAnoM ne rahasyavAda kI paribhASAeM kI haiM / una paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para rahasyavAda kI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM isa prakAra kahI jA sakatI haiM - 1. AtmA aura paramAtmA meM aikya kI anubhUti / 2. tAdAtmya 3. viraha-bhAvanA 4. bhakti, jJAna aura yoga kI samanvita sAdhanA 5. sadguru aura usakA satsaMga / prAyaH ye sabhI vizeSatAeM vaidika saMskRti aura sAhitya meM adhika milatI haiM / jaina rahasyavAda mUlataH ina vizeSatAoM se kucha thor3A bhinna thA / ukta paribhASAoM meM sAdhaka Izvara ke prati Atmasamarpita ho jAtA hai / para jainadharma ne Izvara kA svarUpa usa rUpa meM nahIM mAnA jo rUpa vaidika saMskRti meM prApta hotA hai / vaha hamArI sRSTi kA kartA-hartA aura dhartA nahIM hai / isI bhinnatA ke kAraNa zAyada prAcIna paramparA meM jaina darzana ko nAstika kaha diyA gayA thA / vahAM nAstikatA kA tAtparya thA, veda-niMdaka / parantu yaha vargIkaraNa nitAnta AdhAra hIna thA / isameM to jaina aura bauddha ke atirikta vaidika zAkhA ke hI mImAMsA aura sAMkhya-darzana bhI isa nAsti kI paribhASA kI sImA meM 1. kabIra kA rahasyavAda, pR. 9

Page #23
upasthApanA A jAyeMge / prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki Aja vidvAna 'nAstika' kI isa paribhASA ko svIkAra nahIM karate / nAstika vahI hai, jisake mata meM puNya aura pApa kA koI mahattva na ho / jainadarzana isa dRSTi se Astika darzana hai / usameM svarga, naraka, mokSa Adi kI vyavasthA svayaM ke karmo para AdhArita hai / usameM Izvara athavA paramAtmA sAdhaka ke lie dIpaka kA kAma avazya karatA hai, parantu vaha kisI para kRpA nahIM karatA, isalie ki vaha vItarAgI hai| jaina darzana kI ukta vizeSatA ke AdhAra para rahasyavAda kI Adhunika paribhASA ko hameM parivartita karanA par3egA / jaina ciMtana zabhopayoga ko zaddhopayoga kI prApti meM sahAyaka kAraNa mAnatA avazya hai para zuddhopayoga kI prApti ho jAne para athavA usakI prApti ke patha meM pAramArthika dRSTi se usakA koI upayoga nahIM / isa pRSThabhUmi para hama rahasyavAda kI paribhASA isa prakAra kara sakate haiN| ___ "adhyAtma kI carama sImA kI anubhUti rahasyavAda hai / yaha vaha sthiti hai, jahAM AtmA vizuddha paramAtmA bana jAtA hai aura vItarAgI hokara cidAnanda rasa kA pAna karatA hai'| ___ rahasyavAda kI yaha paribhASA jaina sAdhanA kI dRSTi se prastuta kI gayI hai / jaina sAdhanA kA vikAsa yathAsamaya hotA rahA hai / yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai / yaha vikAsa tatkAlIna pracalita jainetara sAdhanAoM se prabhAvita bhI rahA hai / isa AdhAra para hama jaina rahasyavAda ke vikAsa ko nimna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - 1. AdikAla - prArambha se lekara I. prathama zatI taka / 2. madhyakAla - prathama - dvitIya zatI se 7-8 vIM zatI taka / 3. uttarakAla 8 vIM 9 vIM zatI se Adhunika kAla taka /

Page #24
hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 1. AdikAla veda aura upaniSad meM brahma kA sAkSAtkAra karanA mukhya lakSya mAnA jAtA thA / jaina rahasyavAda jaisA hama Upara kaha cuke haiM, brahma athavA Izvara ko Izvara ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatA / yahAM jaina darzana apane tIrthaMkara ko paramAtmA mAnatA hai aura usake dvArA nirdiSTa mArga para calakara sAdhaka svayaM ko usI ke samakakSa banAne ko prayatna karatA hai / vRSabhadeva, mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkara aise hI rahasyadarzI mahApuruSoM meM pramukha haiN| hama isa kAla ko sAmAnyataH jainadharma ke AvirbhAva se lekara prathama zatI taka nizcita kara sakate haiM / jaina paramparA ke anusAra tIrthakara AdinAtha ne hameM sAdhanA paddhati kA svarUpa diyA / usI ke AdhAra para uttara kAlIna tIrthakara aura AcAryoM ne apanI sAdhanA kii| isa sandarbha meM hamAre sAmane do prakAra kI rahasya sAdhanAeM sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI haiM - 1. pArzvanAtha paramparA kI rahasya sAdhanA aura 2. nigaMTha nAtaputta paramparA kI rahasya sAdhanA / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha jaina paramparA ke 23 veM tIrthaMkara kahe jAte haiN| unase bhagavAna mahAvIra, jinheM pAli sAhitya meM nigaNThanAtaputta ke nAma se smaraNa kiyA gayA hai, lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva avatarita hue the| tripiTaka meM unake sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAda ko cAturyAma saMvara ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / ye cAra saMvara isa prakAra ahiMsA, satya, acaurya aura aparigraha hai / uttarAdhyayana Adi granthoM meM bhI inakA vivaraNa milatA hai / pArzvanAtha ke ina vratoM meM se caturtha vrata meM brahmacarya vrata antarbhUta thaa| pArzvanAtha ke parinirvANa ke bAda ina vratoM ke AcaraNa meM zaithilya AyA aura phalataH samAja brahmacarya vrata se patita hone lagA / pArzvanAtha kI isa paramparA ko jaina paramparA meM pArzvanAtha' athavA pAsattha' kahA gayA hai|

Page #25
upasthApanA nigaNThanAthaputta athavA mahAvIra ke Ane para isa AcArazaithilya ko parakhA gayA / use dUra karane ke lie mahAvIra ne aparigraha kA vibhAjana kara nimnAMkita paMca vratoM ko svIkAra kiyA - ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / mahAvIra ke ina paMcavratoM kA ullekha jaina Agama sAhitya meM to AtA hI hai para unakI sAdhanA ke jo ullekha pAli sAhitya meM milate haiM / ve aitihAsika dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM / isa saMdarbha meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki paM. padamacaMda zAstrI ne AgamoM ke hI AdhAra para yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke paMca mahAvrata the, cAturyAma nahIM (anekAnta, jUna 1977) / isa para abhI maMthana honA zeSa hai / mahAvIra kI rahasyavAdI paramparA apane mUlarUpa meM lagabhaga prathama sadI taka calatI rhii| usameM kucha vikAsa avazya huA, para vaha bahuta adhika nahIM / yahAM taka Ate-Ate AtmA ke tIna svarUpa ho gaye - antarAtmA, bahirAtmA aura paramAtmA / sAdhaka bahirAtmA ko choDakara antarAtmA ke mAdhyama se paramAtmapada ko prApta karatA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA aura paramAtmA meM ekAkAratA ho jAtI hai - "tipayAro so appA parayaMtabAhirI hu dehINaM / tacca paro jhAijai, aMtovAeNa cayahi bhirppaa|| "akkhANi vahirappA antara appAhu atthasaMkalpo / kammakalaMka vimukko paramappA bhaNNae devo / / 1. vizeSa dekhiye - DaoN. bhAgacanda jaina bhAskara kA grantha jainijma ina buddhisTa liTarecara, tRtIya adhyAya-jaina iithiks| 2. mokkhapAhuDa-kundakundAcArya 4 bha, pArzva ke paMca mahAvrata, anekAMta, varSa 30, kiraNa 1, pR. 23-27 jUna mArca 1977 / 3. mokkhpaahu|

Page #26
10 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA isa dRSTi se kundakundAcArya nissaMdeha prathama rahasyavAdI kavi kahe jA sakate haiN| unhoMne samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya, niyamasAra Adi granthoM meM isakA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai / ye grantha prAcIna jaina aMga sAhitya para AdhArita rahe haiM jahAM AdhyAtmika cetanA ko jAgRta karane kA svara gujiMta hotA hai / AcArAMga mUla prAcInatama aMga grantha hai / yahAM jainadharma mAnava dharma ke rUpa meM adhika mukhara huA hai| vahAM 'AriehiM' zabda se prAcIna paramparA kA ullekha karate hue samatA ko hI dharma kahA hai - samiyAe dhamme AriehiM pvedite| ___ AcArAMga kA prArambha vastuta: "iya megesiMNo saNNA bhavai" (isa saMsAra meM kinhIM jIvoM ko jJAna nahIM hotA) sUtra se hotA hai / isa sUtra meM AtmA kA svarUpa tathA saMsAra meM usake bhaTakane ke kAraNoM kI ora iMgita huA hai / 'saMjJA' (cetana) zabda anubhava aura jJAna ko samAhita kiye huye hai / anubhava mukhyataH solaha prakAra ke hote haiM - AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha, krodha mAna, mAyA, lobha, zoka, moha, sukha, duHkha, moha vicikitsA, zoka aura dharma / jJAna ke pAMca bheda haiM - mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryaya aura kevalajJAna / isa sUtra meM viziSTa jJAna ke abhAva kI hI bAta kI gaI hai / isakA spaSTa tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti saMsAra meM mohAdika karmoM ke kAraNa bhaTakatA rahatA hai / jo sAdhaka yaha jAna letA hai vahI vyakti AtmajJa hotA hai / usI ko medhAvI aura kuzala kahA gayA hai / aisA sAdhaka karmo se baMdhA nahIM rhtaa| vaha to apramAdI banakara vikalpa jAla se mukta ho jAtA hai / yahAM ahiMsA, satya Adi kA vivecana milatA hai para usakA vargIkaraNa nahIM dikhAI detA / usI taraha karmo aura unake prabhAvoM kA varNana to hai

Page #27
upasthApanA para usake bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana dikhAI nahIM detA / kundakundAcArya taka Ate-Ate ina dharmo kA kucha vikAsa huA jo unake graMthoM meM pratibimbita hotA hai / 2. madhyakAla 11 kundakundAcArya ke bAda unake hI pada cinhoM para AcArya umAsvAti, samantabhadra, siddhasena divAkara, muni kArtikeya, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, prabhAcandra, muni yogendu Adi AcAryo ne rahasyavAda kA apanI sAmayika paristhitiyoM ke anusAra vizleSaNa kiyA / yaha dArzanika yuga thA / umAsvAti ne isakA sUtrapAta kiyA thA aura mANikyanandI ne use carama vikAsa para pahuMcAyA thA / isa bIca jaina rahasyavAda dArzanika sImA meM baddha ho gayA / ise hama jaina dArzanika rahasyavAda bhI kaha sakate haiM / dArzanika siddhAntoM ke anya vikAsa ke sAtha eka ullekhanIya vikAsa yaha thA ki AdikAla meM jisa Atmika pratyakSa ko pratyakSa kahA gayA thA aura indriya pratyakSa ko parokSa kahA gayA thA, usa para isa kAla meM prazna - pratiprazna khaDe hue / unheM sulajhAne kI dRSTi se pratyakSa ke do bheda kiye gaye - sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa / yahAM nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA / sAdhanA ke svarUpa meM bhI kucha parivartana huA / isa kAla meM vastutaH sAdhanA kA kSetra vistRta huA / AtmA ke svarUpa kI khUba mImAMsA huI / upayogAtmakatA para adhika jora diyA / gayA, karmo ke bheda-prabheda para maMthana huA aura jJAna - pramANa ko bhI carcA

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kA viSaya banAyA gayA / darzana ke sabhI aMgoM para tarkaniSTha granthoM kI bhI racanA huI / para isa yuga meM sAdhanA kA vaha rUpa nahIM dikhAI detA jo Arambhika kAla meM thA / sAdhanA kA tarka ke sAtha utanA sAmaMjasya baiThatA bhI nahIM hai / isake bAvajUda darzana ke sAtha sAdhanA aura bhakti kA nirjhara sUkha nahIM pAyA balki sudhArAtmaka tattvoM ke sAtha vaha bhakti Andolana kA rUpa grahaNa karatA gayA / isa kAla meM dArzanika uthalaputhala bahuta huI aura kriyAkANDa kI ora pravRttiyAM baDhane lagIM / "appA so paramappA" athavA "savve suddha hu suddha NayA" jaise vAkyoM ko aikAntika dRSTi kI ora khIMcA jAne lagA / nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya ke sAmaJjasya kI ora dhyAna dekara kisI eka pakSa kI ora jhukAva adhika ho gayA / isa saMdarbha meM vRhatsvayambhU stotra meM svAmI samantabhadra kA kathana dRSTavya hai jahAM ve kahate haiM ki he bhagavan ! Apako hamArI pUjA se koI prayojana nahIM hai kyoMki Apa vItarAga haiM aura na Apako nindA se koI prayojana hai, kyoMki Apane vairabhAva ko samUla naSTa kara diyA hai, phira bhI hama zraddhA-bhakti pUrvaka jo bhI Apake guNoM kA smaraNa karate haiM vaha isalie ki aisA karane se pApa vAsanAoM aura moha-rAga dveSAdi bhAvoM se malina mana tatkAla pavitra ho jAtA hai / na pUjyArthastvayi vItarAge, na niMdayA nAtha vivAMtavaire / tathApite puNya guNa smRtirnaH punAti cittaM duritAM janebhyaH / / isa yuga meM muni yogendu kA bhI yogadAna ullekhanIya hai / inakA samaya yadyapi vivAdAspada hai phira bhI hama use lagabhaga 8 vIM 9 vIM zatAbdI taka nizcita kara sakate haiM / inake do mahattvapUrNa graMtha nirvivAda rUpa se hamAre sAmane haiM -- (1) paramAtmasAra aura (2)

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upasthApanA yogasAra / ina graMthoM meM kavi ne niraMjana Adi kucha aise zabda diye haiM jo uttarakAlIna rahasyavAda ke abhivyajaka kahe jA sakate haiM / ina granthoM meM anubhUti kA prAdhAnya hai isalie kahA gayA hai ki paramezvara se mana kA milana hone para pUjA Adi kriyAkarma nirarthaka ho jAte haiM, kyoMki donoM ekAkAra hokara samarasa ho jAte haiM / maNu miliyau paramesarahaM, paramesaru vimaNasya / bIhi vi samarasi hUvAhaM puna caDAvauM kassa / / yogasAra, 12 / / 3. uttarakAla uttarakAla meM rahasyavAda kI AcAragata zAkhA meM samayAnukUla parivartana huA / isa samaya taka jaina saMskRti para vaidika sAdhakoM, rAjAoM aura muslima AkramaNakAriyoM dvArA ghanaghora vipadAoM ke bAdala chA gaye the / unase bacane ke lie AcArya jinasena ne manusmRti ke AcArAMga ko jainIkRta kara diyA, jisakA virodha dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya somadeva ne apane yazastilakacampU meM mandasvara meM hI kiyA / isase lagatA hai, tatkAlIna samAja usa vyavasthA ko svIkAra kara cukI thI / jaina rahasyavAda kI yaha eka aura sIr3hI thI, jisane use vaidika saMskRti ke najadIka lA diyaa| jinasena aura somadeva ke bAda rahasyavAdI kaviyoM meM muni rAmasiMha kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se liyA jA sakatA hai / unakA 'pAhuDa dohA' rahasyavAda kI paribhASAoM se bharA par3A hai / ziva-zakti kA milana hone para advaitabhAva kI sthiti A jAtI hai aura moha vilIna ho jAtA hai|

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14 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA ziva viNu satti Na vAvai siu puNu satti vihINu / dohi mi jANahi salu-jagu dujjhaimoha vilINu / / vahI 55 / / muni rAmasiMha ke bAda rahasyAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA kucha aura vikAsa hotA gayA / isa vikAsa kA mUla kAraNa bhakti kA udreka thA / isa bhakti kA carama utkarSa mahAkavi banArasIdAsa jaise hindI jaina kaviyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / nATaka samayasAra, mohaviveka-yuddha (banArasIdAsa) Adi graMthoM meM unhoMne bhakti, prema aura zraddhA ke jisa samanvita rUpa ko prastuta kiyA hai vaha dekhate hI banatA hai / 'sumati'ko patnI aura cetana ko pati banAkara jisa AdhyAtmika viraha ko ukerA hai, vaha spRhaNIya hai / AtmA rUpI patnI aura paramAtmA rUpI pati ke viyoga kA bhI varNana atyanta mArmika bana paDA hai / anta meM AtmA ko usakA pati usake ghara antarAtmA meM hI mila jAtA hai / isa ekatva kI anubhUti ko mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ne isa prakAra varNita kiyA hai - piya mere ghaTa maiM piya mAhi / jala taraMga jyoM duvidhA nAhi / / piya mo karatA maiM karatUti / piya jJAnI maiM jJAna vibhUti / / piya sukha sAgara maiM sukha-sIMva / piya sukha-maMdira meM ziva-nIMva / / piya brahma maiM sarasvati nAma / piya mAdhava mo kamalA naam|| piya zaMkara maiM devi bhavAni / piya jinavara maiM kevala bAni / / brahma sAkSAtkAra rahasyavAdAtmaka pravRttiyoM meM anyatama hai / jaina sAdhanA meM paramAtmA ko brahma kaha diyA gayA hai / banArasIdAsa ne tAdAtmya anubhUti ke sandarbha meM apane bhAvoM ko nimna prakAra se vyakta kiyA hai - "bAlaka tuhaM tana citavana gAgari kUTi, aMcarA gau phaharAya sarama gai chUTi, bAlama / / 1 / / 1. banArasIvilAsa, pR. 161 /

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upasthApanA 15 piga sudhi pAvata vana meM paisiu peli, chAr3ata rAja DagariyA bhayau akeli, bAlama / / 2 / / rahasya bhAvanAtmaka ina pravRttiyoM ke atirikta samagra jaina sAhitya meM, vizeSarUpa se hindI jaina sAhitya meM aura bhI pravRttiyAM sahaja rUpa meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM / vahAM bhAvanAtmaka aura sAdhanAtmaka donoM prakAra ke rahasyavAda upalabdha hote haiM / moha-rAga dveSa Adi ko dUra karane ke lie sadguru aura satsaMga kI AvazyakatA tathA mukti prApta karane ke lie samyagdarzana-jJAna aura caritra kI samanvita sAdhanA kI abhivyakti hindI jaina rahasyavAdI kaviyoM kI lekhanI se baDI hI sundara, sarala bhASA meM prasphuTita huI hai / isa dRSTi se sakalakIrti kA ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra, jinadAsa kA cetanagIta, jagatarAma kA AgamavilAsa, bhavAnIdAsa kA 'cetana sumati sajjhAya' bhagavatIdAsa kA yogIrAsA, rUpacaMda kA paramArthagIta' dyAnatarAya kA dyAnatavilAsa Anandaghana kA AnaMdavacana bahottarI, bhUdharadAsa kA bhUdharavilAsa Adi graMtha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI carama pariNati rahasya kI upalabdhi hai| isa upalabdhi ke mArgoM meM sAdhaka eka mata nahIM / isakI prApti meM sAdhakoM ne zubha-azubha athavA kuzala-akuzala karmo kA viveka kho diyA / bauddha-dharma ke sahajayAna, maMtrayAna, taMtrayAna vajrayAna Adi isI sAdhanA ke vIbhatsa rUpa haiM / vaidika sAdhanAoM meM bhI isa rUpa ke darzana spaSTa dikhAI dete haiM / yadyapi jainadharma bhI ise achUtA nahIM rahA parantu yaha saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki usameM zraddhA aura bhakti kA atireka to avazya huA, vibhinna maMtroM aura siddhiyoM kA AviSkAra bhI huA kintu una 1. vahI, pR. 228 /

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16 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA maMtroM aura siddhiyoM kI pariNati vaidika athavA bauddha saMskRtiyoM meM prApta usa vIbhatsa rUpa jaisI nahIM huI / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina saMskRti ke mUla svarUpa akSuNNa to nahIM rahA para garhita sthiti meM bhI nahIM pahuMcA / jaina rahasya bhAvanA ke ukta vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina rahasyavAdI sAdhanA kA vikAsa uttarottara hotA gayA hai, para yaha vikAsa apanI mUla sAdhanA ke svarUpa se utanA dUra nahIM huA jitanA bauddha sAdhanA kA svarUpa apane mUla svarUpa se uttarakAla meM dUra ho gayA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina rahasyavAda ne jainetara sAdhanAoM ko paryApta rUpa se prabala svarUpa meM prabhAvita kiyA / | prastuta prabandha ko ATha parivarto meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / prathama parivarta meM Adi aura madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kA avalokana hai / sAmAnyataH bhAratIya itihAsa kA madhyakAla saptama zatI se mAnA jAtA hai parantu jahAM taka hindI sAhitya ke madhya kAla kI bAta hai usakA kAla kaba se kaba taka mAnA jAye, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / hamane isa kAla kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa vi.saM. 1400 se vi. saM. 1900 taka sthApita kiyA hai / vi. saM. 1400 ke bAda kaviyoM ko prerita karane vAle sAMskRtika AdhAra meM vaibhinya dikhAI paDatA hai / phalasvarUpa janatA kI cittavRtti aura ruci meM parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai / paristhitiyoM ke pariNAma svarUpa janatA kI ruci jIvana se udAsIna aura bhagavat bhakti meM lIna hokara Atma kalyANa karane kI ora unmukha thI isalie kavigaNa isa vivecya kAla meM bhakti aura adhyAtma sambandhI racanAyeM karate dikhAI dete haiM / jaina kaviyoM kI isa prakAra kI racanAyeM lagabhaga vi. saM. 1900 taka milatI hai ataH isa sampUrNa kAla ko madhyakAla nAma denA hI anukUla pratIta hotA hai / T 1

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upasthApanA 17 isake pazcAt hamane madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kI saMkSipta rUparekhA prastuta kI hai / jisake antargata rAjanItika dhArmika aura sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi ko spaSTa kiyA hai / isI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM hindI jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa huA hai| dvitIya parivarta meM hindI jaina sAhitya ke AdikAla kI carcA kI gaI hai / isa saMdarbha meM hamane apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ko bhI pravRttiyoM kI dRSTi se samAhita kiyA hai / yaha kAla do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - sAhityika apabhraMza aura apabhraMza paravartI loka bhASA yA prArambhika hindI racanAeM / prathama varga ke svayaMbhUdeva, puSpadaMta Adi kavi haiM aura dvitIya varga meM zAlibhadra sUri jina padmasUri Adi vidvAna ullekhanIya haiM / bhASAgata vizeSatAoM kA bhI saMkSipta paricaya kiyA hai| apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ne hindI ke AdikAla aura madhyakAla ko bahuta prabhAvita kiyA hai / unakI sahaja-sarala bhASA, svAbhAvika varNana aura sAMskRtika dharAtala para vyAkhyAyita dArzanika siddhAMtoM ne hindI jaina sAhitya kI samagra kRtiyoM para amiTa chApa choDI hai / bhASika parivartana bhI ina granthoM meM sahajatA pUrvaka dekhA jA sakatA hai| hindI ke vikAsa kI yaha Adya kaDI hai / isalie apabhraMza kI katipaya mukhya vizeSatAoM kI ora dRSTipAta karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / yahIM hamane hindI jaina gIti kAvya paraMparA para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| tRtIya parivarta meM madhyakAlIna hindI kAvya kI pravRttiyoM ko rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai / itihAsakAroM ne hindI sAhitya ke madhyakAla ko pUrva madhyakAla (bhaktikAla) aura uttaramadhyakAla (rItikAla) ke

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA rUpa meM vargIkRta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / cUMki bhaktikAla meM nirguNa aura saguNa vicAradhArAyeM samAnAntara rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI haiM tathA rItikAla meM bhI bhakti sambandhI racanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM / ataH hamane isakA dhArAgata vibhAjana na karake kAvya pravRtyAtmaka vargIkaraNa karanA adhika sArthaka mAnA / jaina sAhitya kA uparyukta vibhAjana aura bhI saMbhava nahIM kyoMki vahAM bhakti se sambaddha aneka dhArAyeM madhyakAla ke prArambha se lekara anta taka nirbAdha rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI haiM / itanA hI nahIM, bhakti kA kAvya srota jaina AcAryoM aura kaviyoM kI lekhanI se hindI ke AdikAla meM bhI pravAhita huA hai / ataH hindI ke madhyayugIna jaina kAvyoM kA vargIkaraNa kAvyAtmaka na karake pravRtyAtmaka karanA adhika upayukta samajhA / isa vargIkaraNa meM pradhAna aura gauNa donoM prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kA Akalana ho jAtA hai| jaina kaviyoM aura AcAryo ne madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM peThakara aneka sAhityika vidhAoM ko prasphuTita kiyA hai / unakI isa abhivyakti ko hamane nimnAMkita kAvya rUpoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai - 1. prabandha kAvya - mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, paurANika kAvya, kathA kAvya carita kAvya, rAsA sAhitya aadi| rUpaka kAvya - holI, vivAhalo, cetanakarma carita aadi| adhyAtma aura bhaktimUlaka kAvya - stavana, pUjA, caupAI, jayamAlA, cAMcara, phAgu, cUnaDI, veli, saMkhyAtmaka, bArahamAsA aadi| gIti kAvya - vividha prasaMgoM aura phuTakara viSayoM para nirmita giit|

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upasthApanA 19 prakIrNaka kAvya - lAkSaNika, koza, gurvAvalI, AtmakathA aadi| uparyukta pravRttiyoM ko samIkSAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye sabhI pravRttiyAM mUlataH AdhyAtmika uddezya ko lekara prasphuTita huI haiM / ina racanAoM meM AdhyAtmika uddezya pradhAna hai jisase kavi kI bhASA AlaMkArika na hokara svAbhAvika aura sAtvika dikhatI hai / usakA mUla utsa rahasyAtmaka anubhava aura bhakti rahA hai| caturtha parivarta rahasyabhAvanA ke vizleSaNa se sambaddha hai / isameM hamane rahasya bhAvanA aura rahasyavAda kA aMtara spaSTa karate hue rahasyavAda kI vividha paribhASAoM kA samIkSaNa kiyA hai aura usakI paribhASA ko ekAMgitA ke saMkIrNa dAyare se haTAkara sarvAMgINa banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / hamArI rahasyavAda kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai - "rahasyabhAvanA eka aisA AdhyAtmikasAdhana hai jisake mAdhyama se sAdhaka svAnubhUti pUrvaka Atma tattva se parama tattva meM lIna ho jAtA hai / yahI rahasyabhAvanA abhivyakti ke kSetra meM Akara rahasyavAda kahI jA sakatI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki adhyAtma kI caramotkarSa avasthA kI abhivyakti kA nAma rahasyavAda hai|" yahIM hamane jaina rahasya sAdhakoM kI prAcIna paramparA ko prastuta karate hue rahasyavAda aura adhyAtmavAda ke vibhinna AyAmoM para bhI vicAra kiyA hai / isI sandarbha meM jaina aura jainatara rahasyabhAvanA meM nihita antara ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| ___ yahAM yaha bhI ullekhya hai ki jaina rahasya sAdhanA meM AtmA kI tIna avasthAyeM mAnI gayI haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA /

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bahirAtmA meM jIva janma maraNa ke kAraNa svarUpa bhautika sukha ke cakkara meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai / dvitIyAvasthA (antarAtmA) meM pahuMcane para saMsAra ke kAraNoM para gambhIratA pUrvaka cintana karane se AtmA antarAtmA kI ora unmukha ho jAtA hai / phalataH vaha bhautika sukhoM ko kSaNika aura tyAjya samajhane lagatA hai / tRtIyAvasthA (paramAtmA-brahmasAkSAtkAra) kI prApti ke lie sAdhanAtmaka aura bhAvanAtmaka prayatna karatA hai / inhIM tInoM avasthAoM para Age ke tIna adhyAyoM meM kramazaH prakAza DAlA hai| paMcama parivarta meM rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattvoM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / rahasyasAdhanA kA caramotkarSa brahmasAkSAtkAra hai / sAhitya meM isako Atma-sAkSAtkAra, paramAtmapada, parama satya, ajara-amara pada, paramArtha prApti Adi nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / ataH hamane isa adhyAya meM Atma cintana ko rahasyabhAvanA kA kendra bindu mAnA hai / AtmA hI sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se svAnubhUti pUrvaka apane mUla rUpa paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai / hamane yahAM rahasyabhAnA ke mArga ke bAdhaka tattvoM ko jaina siddhAMtoM ke sandarbha meM prastuta kiyA hai / unameM sAMsArika viSaya vAsanA zarIra se mamatva, karmajAla, mAyA-moha, mithyAtva, bAhyADambara aura mana kI caMcalatA para vicAra kiyA hai / ina kAraNoM se sAdhaka bahirAtma avasthA meM hI par3A rahatA hai| ___SaSTha parivarta rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattvoM kA vizleSaNa karatA hai / isa parivarta meM sadguru kI preraNA, narabhava durlabhatA, AtmasaMbodhana, Atmacintana, citta zuddhi, bhedavijJAna aura ratnatraya jaise rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattvoM para madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya ke

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upasthApanA AdhAra para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / yahAM taka Ate-Ate sAdhaka antarAtmA kI avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai| saptama parivarta rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM ko prastuta karatA hai| isa parivarta meM antarAtmAvasthA prApta karane ke bAda tathA paramAtmAvasthA prApta karane ke pUrva utpanna hone vAle svAbhAvika bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ko hI rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA nAma diyA gayA hai| AtmA kI tRtIyAvasthA prApta karane ke lie sAdhaka do prakAra ke mArgo kA avalambana letA hai-sAdhanAtmaka aura bhAvanAtmaka / ina prakAroM ke antargata hamane kramazaH sahaja sAdhanA, yoga sAdhanA, samarasatA prApatti-bhakti, AdhyAtmika prema, AdhyAtmika holI, anirvacanIyatA Adi se sambaddha bhAvoM aura vicAroM ko citrita kiyA aSTama parivarta meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina evaM jainetara rahasyavAdI kaviyoM kA saMkSipta tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / isa sandarbha meM madhyakAlIna saguNa-nirguNa aura sUphI rahasyavAda kI jaina rahasyabhAvanA ke sAtha tulanA bhI kI gaI hai| isa sandarbha meM svAnubhUti, AtmA aura brahma, sadguru, mAyA, AtmA brahma kA sambandha virahAnubhUti, yoga sAdhanA, bhakti, anirvacanIyatA Adi viSayoM para lagabhaga 500 jaina kaviyoM ke granthoM ke AdhAra para sAMgopAMga rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prastuta prabandha meM madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ko hamane bahuta saMkSepa meM hI upasthita kiyA hai aura kAla vibhAjana ke vivAda evaM

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA nAmakaraNa meM bhI hama nahIM ulajhe / vistAra aura punarukti ke bhaya se hamane AdikAlIna aura madhyakAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya ko unakI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM meM hI vibhAjita karanA ucita smjhaa| yaha mAtra sUcI jaisI avazya dikhAI detI hai para usakA apanA mahattva hai| yahAM hamArA uddezya hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa likhane vAle vidvAnoM ko pratyeka pravRttigata mahattvapUrNa kAvyoM kI gaNanA se jJApita karAnA mAtra rahA hai jinakA abhI taka hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM kinhIM kAraNoM vaza ullekha nahIM ho pAyA / una pravRttiyoM ke vistAra meM hama nahIM jA ske| jAnA sambhava bhI nahIM thA kyoMki usakI eka-eka pravRtti pRthak pRthak zodha prabandha kI mAMga karatI pratIta hotI hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko bhI hamane saMkSipta kiyA hai anyathA vaha bhI eka alaga prabandha-sA ho jaataa| prastuta adhyayana ke bAda vizvAsa hai, rahasyavAda ke kSetra meM eka nayA mAnadaNDa prasthApita ho skegaa| prAyaH hara jaina maMdira meM hastalikhita graMthoM kA bhaNDAra hai| parantu ve baDI berahamI se avyavasthita paDe hue haiN| Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki yadi zodhaka unheM dekhanA cAhe to use pUrI suvidhAyeM nahIM mila paatiiN| hamane apane adhyayana ke lie jina-jina zAstra bhaMDAroM ko dekhA, saralatA kahIM nahIM huI / jo bhI anubhava hue, unase yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki zodhaka ke lie isa kSetra meM kArya karane ke lie prabhUta sAmagrI hai para use sAhasI aura sahiSNu honA Avazyaka hai| isa prabandha lekhana meM hameM mAnyavara sva. prophesara vhI.pI. zrIvAstava, bhUtapUrva adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga, hislApa kAleja,nAgapura kA mArgadarzana milA hai| unake snehila mArgadarzana ke liye hama atyaMta

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23 upasthApanA kRtajJa haiN| isI taraha hindI jaina sAhitya ke labdhapratiSThita vidvAna sva. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, rIDara hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura ke bhI hama AbhArI haiM jinhoMne baDe AtmIyatA pUrvaka prAkkathana likhane kA hamArA Agraha svIkAra kiyaa| isake bAda hama sarvAdhika RNI haiM apanI mAtezvarI sva. zvazrUjI zrImatI tulasA devI gorelAla jaina ke jinhoMne hamezA pArivArika athavA gArhasthika uttaradAyitvoM se mujhe mukta-sA rakhA / unakA punIta sneha hamArA preraNA srota rahA hai| sAhitya ke kSetra meM jo kucha kara sakI hUM, unake AzIrvAda kA phala hai| unake caraNoM meM natamastaka huuN| unhIM ko yaha kRti samarpita hai| unake sAtha hI maiM apane jIvana sAthI DaoN. bhAgacanda jaina bhAskara bhUtapUrva, adhyakSa pAli-prAkRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizva-vidyAlaya tathA vartamAna meM prophesara emeriTasa, madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya kI bhI cira RNI hUM jinase jainadharma aura darzana ko samajhane meM suvidhA huI hai| isa pustaka kA unhoMne sampAdana bhI bhalIbhAMti kara diyA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM jina lekhakoM aura vidvAnoM kA pratyakSaapratyakSa rUpa se sahayoga milA, una sabhI ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatI huuN| vizeSa rUpa se sarva zrI DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, agaracaMda nAhaTA paramAnanda zAstrI, DaoN. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, DaoN. premasAgara, DaoN. vAsudeva siMha, DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa pAMDeya, DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata prabhRti ke prati AbhAra vyakta karanA cAhatI hUM jinake zrama aura zodha vivaraNa ne hamAre kAma ko kucha halkA kara diyaa| DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI aura DaoN. kastUracaMda

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24 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kAsalIvAla ne parikSaka ke rUpa meM hamAre zodha prabaMdha kI jo anuzaMsA kI hai usake lie maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa hUM / prastuta zodha prabaMdha "madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya meM rahasyabhAvanA" san 1975 meM nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pIeca.DI kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta huA thaa| lagabhaga ATha varSo bAda vaha prathama saMskaraNa ke rUpa meM prakAzita huA / prastuta saMskaraNa prathama saMskaraNa kA hI parivardhita saMskaraNa hai / isameM hamane AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya ko bhI samAhita kiyA hai / isameM samUce prAcIna hindI jaina sAhitya se sAmagrI ekatrita kara "hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA" zIrSaka se use aba prakAzita kiyA hai| yaha saMskaraNa yadyapi prathama saMskaraNa kA hI parivardhita rUpa hai paraMtu yaha parivardhana itanI adhika mAtrA meM ho gayA hai ki use navIna saMskaraNa kahane meM saMkoca nahIM hogaa| ataH ise hamane prathama saMskaraNa hI kahanA ucita samajhA hai / AzA hai hamArA vidvatvarga isakA svAgata kareMge / isa prasaMga meM vidvAna pAThakoM se kSamA yAcanA bhI karanA cAhUMgI jinheM mudraNa kI azuddhiyAM pAyasa meM kaMkaNa kA anubhava de rahI haiN| zrImatI puSpalatA jaina tulasA bhavana, nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura - 440001 phona naM. 0712-2541726 di. 28-3-2008

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prathama parivarta kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kAla vibhAjana - sAmAnyataH bhAratIya itihAsa kA madhyakAla saptama zadI se mAnA jAtA hai| parantu jahAM taka hindI sAhitya ke madhyakAla kI bAta hai, usakA kAla kaba se kaba taka mAnA jAya, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / A. rAmacandra zukla ne kAlavibhAjana kA AdhAra janatA kI cittavRtti ke parivartana ko batAyA hai unakA vicAra hai "jabaki pratyeka deza kA sAhitya vahAM kI janatA kI cittavRtti ke parivartana ke sAthasAtha sAhitya ke svarUpa meM parivartana hotA calA jAtA hai|"" ruci vizeSa meM parivartana ke samaya ko nizcitakara evaM usa sAhitya meM nihita prabhAvazAlI pravRtti vizeSa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kAla-nirNAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai| prAyaH ina vicAroM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hindI sAhitya ke prAcIna itihAsakAroM ne eka nizcita samaya meM milI kRtiyoM aura unameM nihita pravRttiyoM ke AcAra para hI usakA nAmakaraNa aura kAla-vibhAjana kiyA hai| isake bAvajUda hindI sAhitya ke kAla vibhAjana kA prazna abhI taka vivAdAspada banA huA hai| DaoN. giyarsana, mizrabandhu, zivasiMha saiMgara, candradhara zarmA gulerI, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, DaoN.

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA rAmakumAra varmA Adi vidvAnoM ne hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla kA prArambha vi.saM. 7 vIM zatI se 14vIM zatI taka svIkAra kiyA hai| dUsarI ora rAmacandra zukla, hajArI prasAda dvivedI, vizvanAthaprasAda mizra Adi sammAnya vidvAn usakA prAraMbha 10vIM zatAbdI se 14vIM zatAbdI taka mAnate haiN| ina vidvAnoM meM kucha vidvAna Adi kAlIna apabhraMza bhASA meM likhe sAhitya ko purAnI hindI kA rUpa mAnate haiM aura kucha hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM unakA ullekha karate haiN| 26 A. rAmacandra zukla ke samaya apabhraMza aura vizeSa rUpa se hindI jaina sAhitya kA prakAzana nahIM huA thaa| jo kucha bhI hindI jaina graMtha upalabdha the unhIM ke AdhAra para unhoMne samUce hindI jaina sAhitya ko apane hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM nitAnta dhArmika, sAmpradAyika aura zuSka ThaharA diyaa| unhIM kA anukaraNa karate hue AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne likhA hai " jo hindI ke pAThakoM ko yaha samajhAte phirate haiM ki usakI bhUmikA jainoM aura bauddhoM kI sAmpradAyika sarjanA meM hai ve svayaM bhrama meM hai aura unheM bhI isa ihalAbha se bhramita karanA cAhate haiN| hindI ke zuddha sAhitya kI bhUmikA saMskRta aura prAkRta kI sarjanA meM to DhUMDhI jA sakatI hai, para apabhraMza kI sAmpradAyika arcanA meM nhiiN| apabhraMza ke naisargika sAhitya - pravAha se bhI usakA saMbaMdha joDA jA sakatA hai, para jainoM ke sAmpradAyika saMvAha se nahIM / " 1, 2 parantu AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI isa siddhAnta se sahamata nhiiN| unake anusAra" dhArmika sAhitya hone mAtra se koI racanA sAhityika koTi se alaga nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi aisA samajhA jAne

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 27 lage to tulasIdAsa kA rAmacaritamAnasa bhI sAhitya kSetra meM avivecya ho jAyegA aura jAyasI kA padmAvata bhI sAhitya sImA ke bhItara nahIM ghusa skegaa| DaoN. bholAzaMkara vyAsa ne bhI isakA samarthana karate hue likhA ki dhArmika preraNA yA AdhyAtmika upadeza kA honA kAvyatva kA bAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA caahie| lagabhaga dasavIM zatI ke pUrva kI bhASA meM apabhraMza ke tattva adhika milate haiN| yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| ise candradhara zarmA gulerI ne purAnI hindI kahA hai| rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne bhI apabhraMza ko purAnI hindI mAnA hai aura hindI kAvya dhArA meM likhA hai"jainoM ne apabhraMza sAhitya kI racanA aura usakI surakSA meM usake adhika kAma kiyaa| vaha brAhmaNoM kI taraha saMskRta ke aMdha bhakta bhI nahIM the| ataeva jainoM ne deza bhASA meM kathA sAhitya kI sRSTi kI, jisake kAraNa svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta jaise anamola advitIya kaviratna hameM mile| "svayaMbhU hamAre isI yuga meM nahIM, hindI kavitA ke pAMcoM yugoM - 1. siddha sAmanta yuga, 2. sUphI yuga, 3. bhakti yuga, 4. darabArI yuga, 5. navajAgaraNa yuga ke jitane kaviyoM ko hamane yahAM saMgrahIta kiyA hai, usameM yaha niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki svayaMbhU sabase bar3e kavi the| svayaMbhU ke rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata donoM hI vizAla kAvya yaha baDA vivAdAspada prazna hai ki apabhraMza bhASA ke granthoM meM Aye hue dezaja zabdoM athavA apabhraMza sAhitya kI katipaya pravRttiyoM ko "purAnI hindI'' kA rUpa svIkAra kiyA jAya yA nhiiN| DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI jaise vidvAna apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana karate hue bhI use - "purAnI hindI'' kA rUpa svIkAra karane

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA meM hicakicAte haiN| unhoMne likhA hai- "yaha vicAra bhASAzAstrIya aura vaijJAnika nahIM hai| bhASAzAstra ke artha meM jise hama hindI (khar3I, bolI, brajabhASA, avadhI Adi) kahate haiM, vaha isa sAhityika apabhraMza se sIdhe vikasita nahIM huI hai / vyavahAra meM paMjAba se lekara bihAra taka bolI jAne vAlI sabhI upabhASAoM ko hindI kahate haiN| isakA mukhya kAraNa isa vistRta bhUbhAga ke nivAsiyoM kI sAhityika bhASA kI kendrAbhimukhI pravRtti hai| gulerI jI isa vyAvahArika artha para jora dete haiN| "dvivedI jI kahate haiN| --jahAM taka nAma kA prazna hai, gulerI jI kA sujhAva paMDitoM ko mAnya nahIM huA hai| apabhraMza ko aba koI purAnI hindI nahIM kahatA / " parantu jahAM taka paramparA kA prazna hai, niHsandeha hindI kA paravartI sAhitya apabhraMza sAhitya se kramazaH vikasita huA hai| DaoN. premasAgara ne bhI lagabhaga isI mata ko svIkAra kiyA hai / " 28 parantu hamArA mata hai, hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla kI sImA lagabhaga saptama zatI se prAraMbha mAnI jAnI caahie| apabhraMza bhASA ke sAhitya ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usa samaya apabhraMza ke sAtha hI dezI bhASA kA bhI prayoga hotA thA / yaha bhASAvaijJAnika tathya hai ki jaba koI bolI sAhitya ke kSetra meM A jAtI hai to vaha bhASA bana jAtI hai aura usakA sthAna usI kI naI bolI grahaNa kara letI hai| isI ko dezI bhASA kahA jA sakatA hai / isa bhASA ke zabda apabhraMza bhASA ke sAhitya meM yatra tatra bikhare paDe hue haiN| unhIM ko hama " purAnI hindI ' kaha sakate haiN| rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kI hindI kAvyadhArA isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki hindI ke Adi-kAla meM kisa prakAra apabhraMza aura dezI 9

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29 kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi bhASA kA prayoga hotA thaa| yahAM hamane apabhraMza aura purAnI hindI ke vivAda meM adhika na jAkara hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza aura dezI bhASA ke mahattva ko vizeSa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| aura isalie AdikAla kI sImA ko lagabhaga saptama zatI se 14 vIM zatI taka sthApita karane kA dussAhasa kiyA hai| isa kAla ke sAhitya meM bhASA aura pravRttiyoM kA vaividhya dikhAI detA hai| dharma, nIti, zrRMgAra, vIra, nItikAvya Adi jaisI pravRttiyAM ullekhanIya haiN| carita, kathA, rAsA Adi upalabdha sAhitya inhIM pravRttiyoM ke antargata A jAtA hai| dhArmika aura laukika donoM pravRttiyoM kA bhI yahAM samanvaya dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina sabhI pravRttiyoM ko eka zabda meM samAhita karane ke lie 'AdikAla' jaise niSpakSa zabda kA prayoga adhika upayukta lagatA hai| DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina ne ise apabhraMza kAla kahakara usakA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai / ' ise cAhe apabhraMza kAla kahA jAya yA cAraNakAla yA saMdhikAla, para itanA nizcita hai ki isa kAla meM apabhraMza kA pariniSThita rUpa sAhityika ho gayA thA aura usakA dezaja rUpa purAnI hindI ko sthApita karane lagA thaa| apabhraMza ke sAtha hI purAnI hindI kA rUpa svayaMbhU, hemacandra jaise AcAryoM ke granthoM meM bhalIbhAMti pratibimbita huA hai| isalie isakA nAma apabhraMza kI apekSA AdikAla adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai| DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne isa nAmakaraNa ko to svIkRta kiyA hai para ve kAla-sImA ko svIkAra nahIM kara sake / nAmakaraNa ke pIche pravRtti, jAti, bhASA, vyakti, saMpradAya, viziSTa racanA zailI, prAcInatA - arvAcInatA,

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30 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA racanA-stara, rAjanItika ghaTanAeM Adi aneka AdhAroM ko prasthApita kiyA gayA para ve koI bhI apane ko nirdoSa siddha nahIM kara ske| unameM sarvAdhika nirdoSatA AdikAla ke sAtha hI juTI huI hai jahAM saba kucha antarbhukta ho jAtA hai| ataH yahAM rAhula sAMkRtyAyana tathA DA. hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke vicAroM kA samanvaya kara hindI ke usa kAla-khaNDa kA nAmanirdhAraNa AdikAla' adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai| jaisA pIche likhA jA cukA hai, hamane AdikAla kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa lagabhaga saptama zatAbdI se caudahavIM zatAbdI taka kiyA hai| ise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-pahalA apabhraMza bahula hindI kAla aura dUsarA prAraMbhika hindI kaal| prathama kAla meM bhASAsAhityika apabhraMza se vikasita hokara dezI bhASA kI ora baDhane lagI thii| svayaMbhU ke pUrvavartI kaviyoM ne jise apabhraMza kahA, svayaMbhU ne use "desI bhAsA ubhaya-taDujjala'' kahakara desI bhAsA' saMjJA denA adhika ucita samajhA / uttarakAlIna kavi lakSmaNadeva ne NemiNAhacariu meM 'Naa sakkau pAua desa bhAsa' kahakara isI kA samarthana kiyA hai / saMbhava hai, apabhraMza kI lokapriyatA ko hI dekhakara usake vikasita svarUpa ko vidyApati ne avahaTTa aura desila vaanA (dezI vacana) kahA ho| prAkRta ke vikasita rUpa ko hI vastutaH apabhraMza kahA gayA hai| vaise pAtaMjali (150 I.pU.) ne mahAbhASya meM sarvaprathama apabhraMza zabda kA prayoga kiyA para vaha prayoga apANinIya zabdoM ke lie huA hai| bhAmaha aura daNDI (7 vIM zatI) taka Ate-Ate vaha AbhIra kiMvA aziSTa samAja kI bolI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kI jAne lgii| udyotana (8vIM zatI) aura svayaMbhU ke kAla taka apabhraMza ne eka kAvya zailI aura bhASA ke rUpa meM apanA sthAna banA liyaa|

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi AThavIM zatI ke bAda to apabhraMza bhASA ke bhedoM meM ginI jAne lgii| rudraTa, rAjazekhara jaise kaviyoM ne usakA sAhityika samAdara kiyA / puruSottama (11vIM zatI) ke kAla taka pahuMcate-pahuMcate usakA prayoga ziSTa prayoga mAnA jAne lgaa| hemacandra ne to apabhraMza kI sAhitya samRddhi ko dekhakara usakA pariniSThita vyAkaraNa hI likha ddaalaa| apabhraMza athavA dezI bhASA kI lokapriyatA kA yaha sarvotkRSTa udAharaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai / 31 vi.saM. 1400 ke bAda kaviyoM ko prerita karane vAle sAMskRtika AdhAra meM vaibhinnya dikhAI paDatA hai| phalasvarUpa janatA kI manovRtti aura ruci meM parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai| paristhitiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa janatA kI ruci jIvana se udAsIna aura bhagavadbhakti meM lIna hokara Atma kalyANa karane kI ora unmukha thii| isalie isa vivecya kAla meM kavi bhakti aura adhyAtma saMbaMdhI racanAyeM karate dikhAI dete haiN| jaina kaviyoM kI isa prakAra kI racanAyeM lagabhaga vi.saM. 1900 taka milatI haiN| ataH isa samUce kAla ko madhyakAla nAma denA hI anukUla pratIta hotA hai| A. zukla ne bhI AdikAla (vIragAthAkAla), pUrvamadhyakAla (bhaktikAla), uttaramadhyakAla ( rItikAla ) aura Adhunika kAla nAma rakhe haiM / A. zukla ne jaina kaviyoM kI bhakti aura adhyAtma saMbaMdhI racanAoM ko nahIM TaTolA yA unheM dekhane nahIM milI / ataH mAtra jainetara hindI kaviyoM kI zrRMgArika aura rItibaddha racanAyeM dekhakara hI madhyakAla ke uparyukta do bhAga kiye / cUMki jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita jaina kAvya kI bhakti rUpI ajasradhArA vi.saM. 1900 taka bahatI hai / ataH hamane isa sampUrNakAla ko madhyakAla ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| yadyapi isa kAla meM jaina

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kaviyoM ne rIti saMbaMdhI (lakSaNa graMtha aMgara paraka citraNa, nAyakanAyikA bheda Adi) graMtha bhI race haiM parantu isakI saMkhyA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se nagaNya hI hai| prastuta prabandha meM hamane madhyakAla kI isI sImA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi sam upasarga pUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu ke bane saMskRti zabda kA artha hai, samyak prakAra se nirmANa athavA pariSkaraNa kI kriyA / saMskAra, vAtAvaraNa aura sabhyatA kA saMdarbha bhI isa zabda ke sAtha juDA huA hai| isalie saMskRti ke kSetra meM dharma, darzana, itihAsa, kAla, sAhitya Adi saba kucha antarbhukta ho jAtA hai| saMskRti kA aMgrejI anuvAda sAdhAraNataH Culture zabda se kiyA jAtA hai jisakA sarvaprathama prayoga 1420 I. meM kRSi aura pazupAlana ke artha meM kiyA gayA thaa| leTina Colere zabda se bhI isakI nirukti batAyI jAtI hai| vaha bhI kRSi se saMbaddha hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki kRSi kA sambandha mAnava kI paraMparA se rahA hai| kRSi ke kAraNa hI bhramaNazIla pravRtti, vividha vastuoM ko jAgarita karane ke lie jisa prakriyA kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha saMskRti kahalAtI hai| itihAsa ke sAtha hI isakA sambandha samAjazAstra se bhI hai jisake anusAra vyakti apane vaMzAnukrama (Heriditory) aura pariveza (Envirnoment) kI pratikRti mAtra hai| saMskRti athavA Culture zabda ko lekara dezIya evaM videzIya vidvAnoM ne baDA cintana aura manthana kiyA hai| dezIya vidvAnoM meM DaoN. pI.ke. AcArya baladeva prasAda mizra, maMgaladela zAstrI, bhagavata zaraNa

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 33 upAdhyAya, jayacanda vidyAlaMkAra, motIlAla zarmA Adi vidvAna vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / videzIya vidvAnoM meM e. ela. krobara (Krober), vAuvenArksa (Vavuenargues), vAlTeyara (Voltire), maithyU arnAlDa (Matheuce Arnold), philipa baigvI (Philid Beglu) vhAiTa (Leslie Adi vidvAnoM ke nAma liye jA sakate haiN| ye sabhI vidvAna isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki saMskRti mAnava kI eka gatizIla pravRtti hai jo vyakti athavA samAja kI apanI paristhiti, pariveza, saMskAra, mAnyatAoM Adi kI pRSThabhUmi meM parivartita hotI calI hai / A. White) bhAratIya sAhitya aura saMskRti kI bhI yahI kahAnI hai| apanI sArvabhaumika AdhyAtmika sAdhanoM ke punIta AdhAra para vaha unake jhaMjhAvAtoM meM bhI apanA astitva banAye rakhane meM sakSama huii| anekatA meM ekatA usakA mUlamaMtra rahA hai| dharma darzana kI loka mAMgalika pRSThabhUmi meM samAja aura sAhitya kA nirmANa huA hai| vaividhya hote hue bhI jIvana ke zAzvata mUlya paraspara guthe huye haiN| isalie eka dharma, sampradAya, sAhitya aura saMskRti dUsare dharma, sampradAya, sAhitya aura saMskRti se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sakI / isI pRSThabhUmi meM hama madhyayuga ke vividha AyAmoM para saMkSipta vicAra kreNge| itihAsa kA madhyayuga sAdhAraNataH sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI se 17-18 vIM zatI taka mAnA jAtA hai| bhAratIya itihAsakAroM ne ise pUrvamadhyayuga (650 I. se 1200 I. taka) aura uttara madhyayuga (120 I. se 1700 I. taka) ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| yaha vibhAjana rAjanItika, dhArmika, Arthika, aitihAsika Adi pravRttiyoM para AdhArita hai| Adhunika Arya bhASAyeM bhI isI kAla kI dena hai| hindI

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34 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhASA aura sAhitya kA kAla vibhAjana eka vaiziSTya liye hue hai| usakA madhyayuga 1350 I.se 1850 I. taka calatA rahatA hai| isa samaya taka videzI AkramaNoM ke phalasvarUpa tathA briTiza rAjya ke kAraNa sAmAjika krAMti suptAvasthA meM rhii| asahAyAvasthA meM hI bhakti Andolana hue aura rItibaddha tathA rItimukta sAhitya kA sRjana huaa| jaina adhyAtmavAda athavA rahasyavAda kI pravRttiyoM ko janma dene aura unheM vikasita karane meM rAjanItika, dhArmika aura sAmAjika dRSTikoNa se samajhane kA prayatna kreNge| 1.rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi __ bhArata kI rAjanItika avyavasthA aura asthiratA kA yuga harSavardhana (606-647 I.) kI mRtyu ke sAtha hI prAraMbha ho gyaa| sAmAjika vizrRMkhalatA aura pArthakya bhAvanA balavatI ho gii| bhArata choTe-choTe rAjyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| aisI paristhiti meM 8 vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM kannoja meM yazovarmA kA Adhipatya huA jo rASTrakUToM kI pracaNDa zakti ke kAraNA chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| usake bAda gurjara pratihAroM ne usa para lagabhaga 11vIM zatI taka rAjya kiyaa| rAjA vatsarAja (775-800 I.) jainadharma kA lokapriya sahAyaka rAjA thaa| usI ke rAjya meM jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa, udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA tathA haribhadra sUri ne citaur3a meM aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki aise nivRttiparaka sAdhakoM meM jaina sAdhaka pradhAna rahe haiN| jinakA prabhAva pazcimottara pradeza meM kadAcit

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ___35 vyApArika vRtti ke kAraNa adhika rahA hai| isalie prArambhika hindI jaina sAhitya isI pradeza meM sarvAdhika milatA hai| Age calakara dillI, magadha aura madhyapradeza bhI hindI jaina sAhitya ke gar3ha bne| isa sAhitya meM tatkAlIna dhArmika aura sAMskRtika dRSTikoNa bhI parilakSita hotA hai| sAdhAraNataH bArahavIM zatAbdI taka rAjAoM meM paraspara yuddha hote rahe aura yuddhoM kA mUla kAraNa thA zrRMgAra-prema paraka bhAvanAoM kA udvelana aura kanyAoM kA haThAt aphrnn| rAjA loga isI meM apane puruSArtha kI siddhi mAnate the| una para aMkuza rakhane ke lie janatA ke hAtha meM kisI prakAra kA sambala nahIM thaa| unakI rAjanItika cetanA suptaprAya ho cukI thiiN| phalataH janatA meM rAjAoM ke prati bhakti sevA bhAvanA, Atma samarpaNa aura rAjanItika jIvana ke prati udAsInatA chA gayI thii| usake mana meM rASTrIya bhAvanAyeM atyaMta sImita ho cukI thii| ina paristhitiyoM ne kaviyoM ko rAjAoM kA mAtra prazastikAra banA diyaa| ve apane Azraya dAtAoM ke guNagAna meM hI apanI pratibhA kA upayoga karane lge| unheM apane AzrayadAtA ke sAmantI ThATa-bATa aura vilAsitA ke citraNa meM vizeSa ruci thii| lagabhaga 500 varSoM ke lambe kAla meM kAnyakubja ke yazovarmana ke rAjakavi bhavabhUti ne aura pratihAra vaMza ke kulaguru rAjazekhara ne apane AzrayadAtA kI prazasti kA gAna na karake rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kerAjanItika AdarzoM ko apane graMtha mahAvIra carita, uttara rAmacarita, bAla bhArata aura bAla rAmAyaNa meM sthApita kiyaa| apane AzrayadAtA rAjAoM kI prazasti kA gAna karane vAlI

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36 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA isa madhyayugIna paramparA kA zrIgaNeza bANa bhaTTa se huaa| unakA harSacarita rAjA harSa kI prazasti kA aisA hI saMskRta kAvya hai| uttara kAlIna kaviyoM ne unakA bhalIbhAMti anukaraNa kiyA / gAuDavaho, navasAhasAMka carita, kumArapAla carita, prabandha cintAmaNi,vastupAla carita Adi saikar3oM aise graMtha haiM jo mAtra AzrayadAtAoM kI prazasti meM likhe huye haiM / isI paramparA meM hindI kaviyoM ne rAso sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA / isa sAhitya ke nirmAtAoM meM jaina kavi vizeSa agraNI rahe haiN| unhoMne isakA upayoga tIrthaMkara aura jaina AcAryo kI yazogAthA meM kiyA hai| 13 vIM zatI se 18 vIM zatI taka madhya eziyAI musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM se bhArata atyaMta trasta rhaa| dhIre-dhIre rAjasattAyeM parAdhInatA kI zrRMkhalA meM jakar3atI rahIM / muhammadagorI, gajanabI, saiyada vaMza, laudI vaMza, muhammada tugalaka Adi musalamAna rAjAoM ke niyamita AkramaNa hue jisase sArA bhAratIya jana-jIvana asta-vyasta ho gyaa| bhAratIya rAje-mahArAje svArthatA kI capeTa meM adhikAdhika saMkIrNa hote gye| unameM paraspara vidveSa kI agni prajvalita hotI rhii| isI bIca bAbara humAyUM, akabara, jahAMgIra, zAhajahAM, auraMgajeba Adi mugaloM ke bhI AkramaNoM aura pratyAkramaNoM ne bhAratIya samAja ko naSTa-bhraSTa kiyaa| bhAratIya rAjAoM ke bIca panapI antaH kalahane bhI yuddhoM ko eka khela kA rUpa de diyA / vAsanAvRtti ne isameM ghI kA kAma kiyaa| isase muslima zAsakoM kA sAhasa aura bar3hatA gayA / isake bAvajUda muslima zakti ko bhAratIya rAjAoM ne saralatApUrvaka svIkAra nahIM kiyA / lagabhaga 12 vIM zatAbdI taka uttara

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 37 bhArata meM usakA ghanaghora pratirodha huaa| parantu paristhitivaza dillI aura kannauja ke hindU sAmrAjya naSTa huye aura yaha pratirodha kama ho gyaa| isa pratirodha kI Aga rAjasthAna, madhyabhArata, gujarAta aura ur3IsA ke rAjavaMzoM meM phailatI rahI aura phalasvarUpa ve musalamAnoM kA tIvra virodha aMta taka karate rhe| parantu pArasparika phUTa ke kAraNa ve muslima AkramaNoM ko pUrNa rUpa se dhvasta nahIM kara paaye| isaliye janatA meM kucha nirAzA chA gyii| phira bhI musalamAnoM ke sAtha saMgharSa banA hI rhaa| mevAr3a ke rAjA saMgrAmasiMha aura vikramAditya hemacandra ke netRtva meM muslima zAsakoM se saMgharSa hote rahe aura auraMgajeba ke samaya taka AteAte hinduoM kI zakti kAphI bar3ha gyii| ise hama rAjanItika punarutthAna kA yuga kaha sakate haiN| isa samaya jATa, sikkha, marAThA, rANApratApa, zivAjI, durgAdAsa, chAtrasAla Adi bhAratIya rAjAoM ne unake dAMta khaTTe kiye aura svataMtratA ke bIja boye| ___ gujarAta meM cAlukyavaMzIya nareza, jayasiMha siddharAja (saM. 1011-1046) Adi ke samaya jainadharma kI sthiti baDI acchI thii| unhoMne use prazraya diyA thaa| bAda meM sindha para muhammada bina kAsima kI rAjya-sthApanA se jainadharma para bhI prabhAva pdd'aa| musalima AkramaNoM se baMgAla, AsAma, uDIsA pradeza bhI trasta ho gye| deza khaNDita aura vibhAjita hotA gyaa| nareza bhoga vilAsita meM DUbate gaye aura prajA kA utpIr3ana baDhatA gyaa| usakI Arthika sthiti bhI vighaTita hone lgii| sAmanta aura upasAmanta prathA ne naI-naI vipadAoM ko nimantrita kara liyaa| uparyukta rAjanItika paristhitiyoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki isa kAla meM rAjanItika asthiratA ke kAraNa jana-jIvana asta-vyasta aura

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38 vATetI hai| hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA saMtrasta thaa| jIvana kI asurakSA, rASTrIyatA kA apamAna, kalAkRtiyoM kA khaNDana, svAbhimAna kA hanana, sampatti kA apaharaNa jaise tattvoM ne hinduoM aura musalamAnoM ke bIca bhedabhAva aura vaimanasya kI jabardasta dIvAla khar3I kara dI thii| dharmAndhatA aura nArI ke satItvaharaNa ke kAraNa rASTra jIvana meM nirAzA kA vAtAvaraNa chA gayA thaa| phalataH usa samaya bhautika sukha kI ora se udAsInatA tathA bhagavadbhakti kI ora saMlagnatA dikhAI detI hai| DaoN. triguNAyata ne ina rAjanItika paristhitiyoM ke phalasvarUpa bhAratIya jIvana aura samAja para nimnilikhita prabhAva dekhe haiN| 1. dharmasudhAra kI bhAvanA jAgrata huii| nAthapantha, liMgAyata, siddhasaMta Adi panthoM kA udaya isI dharma sudhAra bhAvanA ke kAraNa huA thaa| ina sabakA lakSya hindU dharma aura islAma meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA thA, 2. pardA prathA samAja meM dRr3ha ho gaI tAki striyoM ko balAtkAra Adi jaise kukRtyoM se bacAyA jA sake, 3. dharma saguNApAsanA meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa nirguNopAsanA kI ora jhukA, tathA 4. aikAntikatA aura nivRtyAtmakatA se prerita hokara sAdhakoM ne nirguNa brahma kI upAsanA AraMbha kii|" 2. dhArmika pRSThabhUmi __ jaisA abhI hama dekha cuke haiM, itihAsa ke madhyakAla meM bhArata kA sAMskRtika dharAtala dezI-videzI rAjAoM ke AkramaNoM se vizrRMkhalita rhaa| bhArata kA janamAnasa una AkramaNoM se trasta ho gayA aura phalataH apane dharmoM meM sAmayika parivartana kI ora dekhane lgaa| isa yuga meM bhakti kA prAdhAnya rhaa| sabhI dharmo meM bhakti ke kAraNa aneka

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ___ 39 vikAsa-patha nirmita hue| bAhyADambara ke sAtha hI AcAra-zaithilya bar3ha gyaa| tAtkAlika sAhitya, dharma aura bhakti kI preraNA se adhika samRddha huaa| vaidika, jaina aura bauddha dharmoM ke vikAsa aura parivartana ke vividha svarUpa vizeSa rUpa se lakSita hote haiN| ise hama saMkSepa meM nimna prakAra se dekha sakate haiN| 1. vaidika dharma madhyayuga meM vaidika dharma ne vizeSa rUpa se dArzanika kSetra meM praveza kiyaa| prabhAkara aura kumArila ne mImAMsA ke mAdhyama se aura zaMkarAcArya ne vedAnta ke mAdhyama se vaidika darzana kA punarutthAna kiyaa| zaMkarAcArya ne to bauddha dharma kI bahuta sI sAmagrI lekara use AtmasAta karane kA prayatna kiyaa| isalie unheM "pracchanna bauddha" bhI kahA jAtA hai| isI yuga meM paurANika aura smArta dharmo kA samanvayAtmaka rUpa sAmane aayaa| smArto ne viSNu, ziva, durgA, sUrya aura gaNeza ina paMcadevoM kI pUjA AraMbha kara dii| inhIM ke AdhAra para pAMca upaniSad bhI likhe gye| yaha upaniSad darzana, smArta aura vedAnta darzana se eka juTa ho gyaa| vaiSNava dharmAvalambI kaviyoM ne aise hI dharma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAgavata aura pAMcarAtra sAmpradAya bhI vaiSNava dharma ke aMga rahe haiN| bhAgavata sampradAya ne ziva aura viSNu meM abhinnatva sthApita kiyaa| vaidika pUjA-paddhati se ve vizeSa prabhAvita the| vaiSNava dharma aura sAhitya ke dekhane se yaha spaSTa hai ki unameM zAkta siddhAntoM kA samAveza huaa| pAMcarAtra sampradAya bhI aneka upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| vaiSNava, mahAnubhAva aura rAmAnuja unameM pramukha upasampradAya the| vaiSNava pAMcarAtra sampradAya uttara se dakSiNa taka phailA thaa| tamila pradeza meM usakA vizeSa pracAra thaa| usameM nAthamuni, puNDarIkAkSa,

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA yamunAcArya, rAmAnuja, rAmAnanda, tulasIdAsa Adi prasiddha AcArya aura santa hue haiN| rAmAnuja kA viziSTAdvaitavAda vizeSa prasiddha rahA hai / 40 mahAnubhAva sampradAya mAtra kRSNa kA ArAdhaka thA aura vaha mUrti ke sthAna para kevala pratIka kI pUjA karatA thaa| yaha sampradAya smArta ke AdhAra para virodhI tathA sAmpradAyika thaa| dattAtreya isake prasthApaka AcArya mAne jAte haiN| mahArASTra aura kannaDa pradezoM meM isakA vizeSa pracAra thaa| rAmAnuja sampradAya meM rAma kI kathA ko AdhyAtmika mor3a milaa| tadanusAra rAma, mAyA, manuSya aura sItA mAyAcchAdita cicchakti thii| isa para advaita vedAnta aura zAkta sampradAyoM kA prabhAva thaa| yaha sampradAya dakSiNa se lekara uttara bhArata meM lokapriya huA / paM. baladeva upAdhyAya ne vaiSNava bhakti Andolana ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - a) sAtvatayuga (1500 I.pU. se 500 I. taka) ba) alavAra yuga ( 700 se 1400 I.) aura sa) AcArya yuga ( madhyayuga 1400 se 1900 I.) / sAtvata sampradAya pAMcarAtra kI udayabhUmi mathurA rahI hai| zuMga aura gupta rAjAoM ne ise adhika prazraya diyA hai| alavAra yuga meM bhakti kA rUpa aura gAr3ha ho gyaa| yaha dakSiNa meM adhika pracalita rahA / tRtIya yuga rAma aura kRSNa zAkhA meM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai| uttara bhArata meM isakA kAphI vikAsa huA hai| nirguNa sampradAya isI AMdolana se saMbaddha hai| vaiSNava sampradAya ke sAtha hI zaiva sampradAya kA bhI vikAsa huaa| isa zaiva sampradAya ke do bheda milate hai- pAzupata aura aagmik| pAzupata ke antargata zuddha pAzupata, lakulIza pAzupata, kApAlika aura nAtha Ate haiN| Agamika sampradAya meM saMskRta zaiva, tamila zaiva, kAzmIra zaiva aura vIra zaiva ko antarbhUta kiyA gayA hai| pAzupata

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi sampradAya kA vizeSa jora uttara bhArata meM rahA hai| isake prasiddha AcArya naiyAyika udyotakara ke prazastapAda Adi aneka graMtha upalabdha haiM / lakulIza sampradAya gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM adhika thA / lakulIza kI vahAM mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiN| kApAlika sampradAya bhI uttara bhArata meM milatA rhaa| para usakA koI mahattvapUrNa sAhitya upalabdha nahIM huaa| usakI sAdhanA paddhati baDI bIbhatsa aura azlIla thii| usameM narabalI, surApAna, yauna sambandha, mAMsa bhakSaNa jaise garhita tattva adhika pracalita the| zaiva sampradAya ke viziSTa siddhAnta the / pazupati ziva akhila vizva ke svAmI hai| manuSya pazu hai, para usakA zarIra jaDa aura AtmA cetana hai| yaha AtmA pAza se bandhA huA hai| pAza tIna prakAra ke haiM ANava (ajJAna), 2. karma, 3. mAyA / ziva kI kRpA se zakti prakaTa hotI hai aura pAzoM kA vinAza hokara mokSa prApta hotA hai jahAM ziva aura AtmA advaita bana jAte haiN| madhyakAlIna zaivAcArya saMbandara aura apyara ne jainadharma ko dakSiNa se samApta karane kA bhArI prayatna kiyA / 41 zaiva sampradAya aura zAkta sampradAya kA vizeSa saMbaMdha rahA hai| zakti kA saMbaMdha vizeSataH taMtra-maMtra se rahA hai| ziva kI patnI durgA zakti kI pratIka hai| usI ke mAdhyama se saMsAra kI sRSTi Adi kArya hote haiN| vAma mArga kI yaugika sAdhanAyeM bhI zAkta sampradAya se sambaddha hai| zaiva sampradAya kA nAtha samapradAya uttarabhArata, paMjAba tathA rAjasthAna Adi pradezoM meM vizeSa pracalita thaa| pahale usakA sambandha kApAlikoM se thA para bAda meM gorakhanAtha ne use mukta kraayaa| isa sampradAya meM haThayoga-sAdhanA vizeSa rUpa se pracalita thii| tAntrika vaidika aura bauddha sAdhaka nAtha sampradAya se prabhAvita the / soma, siddha, kaula Adi sampradAya bhI isI ke aMga haiM / 1

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA samAsata : madhyakAlIna samagra itihAsa ko vaidika saMskRti ke sandarbha meM dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saptama - aSTama zatI meM camatkAra kA prabhAva lagabhaga hara samAja aura dharma para par3a rahA thaa| navam zatI meM camatkAra ke mAdhyama se hI taMtra sampradAya kA janma kAzmIra meM huA / isakI do zAkhAyeM huI spanda aura pratyabhijJa / spanda zAkhA ko "ziva sUtra" kahA jAne lagA jisake siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana vasugupta (850-907) ne kiyA / tadanusAra ziva sRSTi ke kartA haiN| para usake bhautika kAraNa nhiiN| pratyabhijJA kI sthApanA meM saumAnaMda (saM. 907) kA vizeSa hAtha hai| unhoMne ise dhyAnyAloka locana meM adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| tadanusAra saMsArI jIva pRthak hote huye bhI ziva se apRthak hai / kAlAntara meM zaivamata ne mahAyAna se lAbha uThAyA aura buddha tathA ziva ko eka-sA banA diyA / nepAla meM prApta mahAyAnI bauddha mUrtiyoM tathA yogI ziva mUrtiyoM meM aMtara karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| bAda meM tAntrika aura zaiva siddhAntoM ke sAtha zakti kA saMbaMdha juDa gayA aura zAkta mata prAraMbha ho gyaa| yahI zakti sRSTi kA kAraNa bnii| zakti zveta aura zyAma varNa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huii| zveta rUpa meM umA aura zyAma rUpa meM kAlI, caNDI, cAmuNDA Adi bhayakAriNI deviyoM kI sthApanA huI / isa zAkta mata meM dakSiNAcAra aura vAmAcAra bheda hue| vAmAcAra kI zakti sAdhanA meM paMca makAroM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / usameM yoga vAsanA ke mAdhyama se siddhi prApta kI jAtI thii| pazubali Adi bhI dI jAtI thii| madhyakAla meM ye donoM pravRttiyAM hiMsA tathA vilAsa ke rUpa meM dikhAI detI haiN| uttarakAla meM isI meM se aneka upa-sampradAyoM kA janma huA jisase hindI sAhitya aprabhAvita nahIM rahA / 42

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 43 videzI AkramaNoM ke bAvajUda hindI sAhitya kI paramparA apane pUrvavartI saMskRta pAli, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke AdhAra para phalatI-phUlatI rhii| tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM bhakti sAhitya kA nirmANa huaa| usakI bhakti dhArA dakSiNa se uttara bhArata meM phuNcii| bhakti kI yaha dhArA saguNa mArgI thii| nirguNa bhakti kA pracAra muslima zAsana kAla meM adhika huA kyoMki islAma kA usase kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM thaa| ye nirguNa sAdhaka apane brahma ko apane hI bhItara dekhate the| samAja aura rASTra se unheM koI matalaba nahIM thaa| nirguNiyoM se pUrva nAtha aura siddhoM ke vidhi vidhAnaparaka karmakANDa se janatA ko koI preraNA nahIM mila rahI thii| haThayogI santa bhI loka-saMgraha kA mArga nahIM dikhA sakate the| ataH IzopaniSad ke samuccayavAda kA punarsaghaTana rAmanujAcArya ne kiyaa| bAda meM uttarabhArata meM rAmAnaMda, nAtha aura tulasI Adi ne isakA pracAra kiyaa| isa samuccaya meM bhakti, jJAna aura karma tInoM kA samanvaya thaa| isa bhakti Andolana ne jana samAja ko yugavANI, yuga puruSa aura yuga dharma diyaa| 2.jainadharma madhyakAla taka Ate-Ate jainadharma spaSTa rUpa se digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| donoM paramparAoM aura unake AcAryo ko aneka rAjAoM kA Azraya milA aura phalataH dhArmika sAhitya, kalA aura saMskRti kA vikAsa paryApta mAtrA meM huaa| gurjara pratihAra rAjA vatsarAja ke rAjya meM udyotanasUri ne 778 I. meM

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44 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kuvalayamAlA, jinasena ne saM.783 meM harivaMzapurANa aura haribhadra sUrine lagabhaga isI samaya samarAicca kahA Adi granthoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| devagar3ha, khajurAho Adi ke aneka jaina mandira isI ke uttarakAlIna haiN| AcArya somadeva ke yazastilakacampU (959 I.) nItivAkyAmRta Adi grantha bhI isI samaya ke haiN| ___ dhArA ke paramAra vaMzIya rAjAoM ne jaina kaviyoM ko vizeSa rAjAzraya diyaa| rAjA muMja, navasAhasAMka, bhoja Adi rAjA jaina dharmAvalambI rhe| unhoMne jaina kavi dhanapAla, mahAsena, amitagati, mANikyanaMdI, prabhAcandra,nayanandI, dhanaMjaya AzAdhara Adi vidvAnoM ko samucita Azraya diyaa| mevADa kI rAjadhAnI cittaur3a (citrakUTapura) jainadharma kA viziSTa kendra thaa| yahIM para elAcArya, vIrasena, haribhadrasUri Adi vidvAnoM ne apanI sAhitya-sarjanA kii| cittaur3a ke prAcIna mahaloM ke nikaTa hI rAjAoM ne bhavya jaina mandira bnvaaye| hathUDI kA rAThaura vaMza jainadharma kA parama anuyAyI thaa| vAsudeva sUri, zAntibhadra sUri Adi vidvAna isI ke Azraya meM rahe haiN| candelavaMza meM candela vaMzIya rAjA bhIjainadharma ke parama bhakta the| khajurAho ke zAntinAtha maMdira meM AdinAtha kI vizAla pratimA kI pratiSThA vidyAdhara deva ke zAsanakAla meM huii| devagaDha, mahobA, ajayagar3ha, ahAra, paporA, madanuparA Adi sthAna jainadharma ke kendra the| gvAliyara ke kacchapaghaTa rAjAoM ne bhI jainadharma ko khUba phalane-phUlane diyaa| kaliMga rAjya prArambha se hI jainadharma kA kendra rahA hai| jainAcArya akalaMka kA bauddhAcAryoM ke sAtha prasiddha zAstrArtha yahI huaa| parantu

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 45 uttarakAla meM yahAM jainadharma kA hrAsa ho gyaa| kalacurIvaMza yadyapi zaiva dharmAvalambI thA para usane jainadharma aura kalA ko paryApta pratiSThita kiyaa| kulpAda, rAmagiri, acalapura, jogImArA, kuNDalapura, kAraMjA, elorA, dhArAziva, khanupadmadeva Adi jainadharma ke kendra the / gujarAta meM bhI prArambha se hI jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra rahA hai| mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTa rAjA jainadharma ke prati atyanta udAra the| vizeSataH amoghavarSa aura karka ne yahAM jainadharma ko bahuta lokapriya banAyA / gujarAta-anhilapATana kA solaMkI vaMza bhI jainadharma kA AzrayadAtA rhaa| AbU kA kalAniketana isa vaMza ke bhImadeva prathama ke maMtrI aura senAnAyaka vimalazAha ne 1032 I. meM bnvaayaa| rAjA jayasiMha ne anhila - pATana ko jJAna kendra banAkara AcArya hemacandra ko usakA kAryabhAra sauNpaa| hemacandra ne dvayAzraya kAvya, siddhama vyAkaraNa Adi vIsoM grantha tathA vAgbhaTTa ne alaMkAra grantha isI rAjA ke zAsanakAla meM likhe| kumArapAla isI vaMza kA zAsaka thaa| vaha nirvivAda rUpa se jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| hemacandra AcArya usake guru the aura bhI aneka mantrI, sAmanta Adi jaina the| kumArapAla ke mantrI vastupAla aura tejapAla kA vizeSa sambandha AbU ke jaina mandiroM ke nirmANa se juDA huA hai| sindha, kAzmIra, nepAla, baMgAla meM pAlavaMza kA sAmrAjya rhaa| vaha bauddha dharmAvalambI thaa| usake rAjA devapAla ne to jaina kalA-kendra bhI naSTa-bhraSTa kiye| baMgAla meM jainadharma kA astitva 1112 vIM zatI taka vizeSa rahA hai| dakSiNa meM pallava aura pAlya rAjya meM prArambha meM to jainadharma utkarSa para rahA parantu zaivadharma ke prabhAva se bAda meM unake sAhitya aura

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kalA ke kendra naSTa kara diye gye| cola rAjA (985-1016 I.) ke samaya yaha atyAcAra kama huaa| bAda meM cAlukya vaMza ne jaina kalA aura sAhitya kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| isI samaya jaina mahAkavi joindU, jaTAsiMhanandi, raviSeNa, padmanandi, dhanaMjaya, Aryanandi, prabhAcandra, paravAdimalla, anantavIrya, vidyAnanda Adi prasiddha jainAcArya hue haiN| jinhoMne tamila, kannaDa, saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyaa| cAmuNDarAya bhI isI samaya huA jisane zravaNabelagola meM 978 I. meM gomaTezvara bAhubali kI vizAla uttuMga pratimA nirmita kraayii| rASTrakUTa vaMza jainadharma kA vizeSa AzrayadAtA rahA hai| svayaM, vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadra, mahAvIrAcArya, pAlyakIrti, puSpadanta Adi jainAcAryo ne isI rAjya kAla meM jaina sAhitya ko rcaa| kalyANI ke kalcurIkAla meM vAsava ne jainadharma ke siddhAnta aura zaivadharma kI katipaya paramparAoM ko mizraNakara 12 vIM zatI meM liMgAyata dharma kI sthApanA kii| unhoMne jainoM para kaThora atyAcAra kiye| bAda meM vaiSNavoM ne bhI unake mandira aura pustakAlaya jlaaye| phalataH adhikAMza jaina zaiva athavA vaiSNava bana gye| araboM, turko aura mugaloM ke bhISaNa AkramaNoM se jaina sAhitya aura mandira bhI baca nahIM ske| unheM yA to miTTI meM milA diyA gayA athavA ve masjidoM ke rUpa meM pariNita kara diye gye| inhIM paristhitiyoM ke prabhAva se bhaTTAraka prathA kA vizeSa abhyudaya huaa| mUrti pUjA kA bhI virodha huaa| lodI vaMza ke rAjya kAla meM tAraNa svAmI (1448 - 1515 I.) hue jinhoMne mUrtipUjA kA niSedha kara 'tAraNa taraNa' paMtha

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47 kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi prArambha kiyaa| isa samaya taka dillI, jayapura Adi sthAnoM para bhaTTAraka gaddiyAM sthApita ho cukI thii| sUrata, bhaDoMca, IDara Adi aneka sthAnoM para bhI ina bhaTTArakIya gaddiyoM kA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| AcArya sakalakIrti, brahmajayasAgara Adi vidvAna isI samaya hue| isI kAla meM prabandhoM aura caritoM ko sarala saMskRta aura hindI meM likhakara jaina sAhityakAroM ne sAhitya ke kSetra meM eka nayI paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyA jisakA prabhAva hindI sAhitya para kAphI pddaa| mugaloM ke AkramaNoM se yadyapi jaina sAhitya kI bahuta hAni huI phira bhI akabara (1556-1605 I.) jaise mahAna zAsakoM ne jainAcAryoM ko sammAnita kiyaa| adhyAtma zailI ke pravartaka banArasIdAsa,pAMDe rUpacanda, pAMDe rAjamala, brahmarAyamala, kavi paramala Adi hindI ke jaina vidvAna isI samaya hue| sAhU ToDaramala akabara kI TakasAla ke adhyakSa the| akabara ke rAjya kAla meM hindI jaina sAhitya kI prabhUta abhivRddhi huii| jahAMgIra ke samaya meM bhI rAyamalla, brahmagulAla, sundaradAsa, bhavagatIdAsa Adi aneka prasiddha hindI jaina sAhityakAra hue| rItikAlIna sAhitya paramparA ke viparIta bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa,AnaMdaghana, lakSmIcandra, jagatarAya Adi jaina kaviyoM ne zAnta rasa se paripUrNa virAgAtmaka AdhyAtmika sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA / eka ora jahAM jainetara kavi tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke vaMza mugaloM aura anya rAjAoM ko zrRMgAra aura prema vAsanA ke sAgara meM Dubo rahe the, vahIM dUsarI ora jaina kavi aise rAjAoM kI dUSita vRttiyoM ko adhyAtma aura vairAgya kI ora mor3ane kA prayatna kara rahe the| jainadharma, sAhitya aura saMskRti kI yaha apratima vizeSatA thii| zAntarasa usakA aMgI rasa thaa| samUcA sAhitya usase AplAvita rahA hai|

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48 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 3. bauddhadharma saptama zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa taka bauddhadharma hInayAna aura mahAyAna ke rUpa meM deza-videzoM meM baMTa gayA thaa| sAdhAraNataH dakSiNa meM hInayAna aura uttara meM mahAyAna kA jora thaa| bhArata meM usa samaya mahAyAnI paramparA adhika phlii-phuulii| mahArAjA harSavardhana saMbhavataH pahale hInayAnI the aura bAda meM mahAyAnI bne| yUnasAMga ne isI ke rAjya kAla meM bhArata yAtrA kI thii| isa samaya bauddhadharma meM avanati ke lakSaNa dikhAI dene lage the| nAlandA, balabhI Adi sthAna bauddhadharma ke kendra bana cuke the| harSa ke bAda bauddhadharma kA patana prAraMbha ho gyaa| yahAM taka Ate-Ate buddha meM lokottara tattva nihita ho gye| zraddhA aura bhakti kA Andolana tIvratara ho gyaa| avadAna sAhitya aura vaipulya sUtra kA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| sautrAMtika aura vaibhASika tathA yogAcAra-vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda-mAdhyamika sampradAya apane dArzanika AyAmoM ke sAtha bar3ha rahe the| asaMga, vasubandhu, diGnAga, dharmakIrti, prajJAkaragupta, nAgArjuna, Aryadeva, zAntarakSita Adi AcArya apanI sAhityika pratibhA kA pradarzana kara rahe the| AtmavAda avyAkRta se lekara anAtmavAda athavA nirAtmavAda bana gyaa| sAdhaka pratItya-samutpAda se svabhAva zUnyatA aura guhya sAdhanA kI ora bar3hane lge| trikAyavAda kA vikAsa ho gyaa| pAramitAyeM bhI yathAsamaya bar3hane-kamane lgiiN| mahAyAnI sampradAya meM isa prakAra krAntikArI parivartana huye| zAkta sampradAya kA usapara vizeSa prabhAva pdd'aa| tadanusAra taMtra, maMtra,

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kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 49 yaMtra, mudrA, Asana, cakra, maMDala, strI, madirA tathA mAMsa Adi vAsamArgI AvaraNa bauddhadharma meM pracalita ho gye| ziva kI patnI zakti kI taraha pratyekabuddha kI bhI zakti rUpa patnI kalpita huii| isakI tAMtrika sAdhanA meM maithuna ko bhI adhyAtma se sambaddha kara diyA gyaa| baMgAla meM isI ko sahajamArga kahA jAtA thA / isa tAMtrika sAdhanA ne bauddhadharma ko apriya banA diyaa| isI samaya muslima AkramaNoM se bhI bauddhadharma ko aura dhakkA lgaa| sAtha hI nandivardhana pallavamalla ke samaya zaMkarAcArya ke prabhAva se bauddhadharma kA niSkAsana sA ho gyaa| ina sabhI kAraNoM se bauddhadharma 11vIM, 12vIM zatAbdI taka apanI janmabhUmi se samAptaprAya ho gyaa| vaha aneka rUpoM meM aura aneka panthoM meM samAhita ho gyaa| uttarakAla meM eka to vaha videzoM meM phUlA-phalA aura dUsare bhArata meM usane rUpAntaraNakara saMtoM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya para bauddhadharma kA bhI prabhAva par3A hai| madhyakAla taka Ate-Ate yadyapi bauddhadharma mAtra granthoM taka sImita raha gayA thA, para boddhetara dharma aura sAhitya para usake prabhAva ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai ki bauddhadharma ko pUrI taraha se naSTa nahIM kiyA jA skaa| mahArASTra ke prAcIna saMtoM para aura hindI sAhitya kI nirguNadhArA ke santoM para isakA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| DaoN. triguNAyata ne madhyakAlIna dhArmika paristhitiyoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - 1) sAmAnya janatA meM pracalita aneka nAstika aura Astika paMtha aura paddhatiyAM, 2) ve Astika paddhatiyAM jo ucca varga kI janatA meM mAnya thiiN| ina dharma paddhatiyoM ke pravartaka tathA pratipAdaka adhikatara zAstrajJa AcArya loga the| Age ve likhate haiM

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50 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jagadguru zaMkarAcArya kA udaya bhArata ke dhArmika itihAsa meM eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| unake prabhAva se soyA huA brAhmaNa dharma phira eka bAra jAga utthaa| use ubuddha dekhakara vilAsapriya mahAyAnI bauddhadharma ke paira ukhar3a gye| zAstrajJa vidvAnoM meM unakA nAma kanha ho gyaa| samAja ke naitika patana kA kAraNa vAmamArgIya dUSita bauddha paddhatiyA~ hI thiiN| acchA huA ki 11vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga yavanoM ke prabhAva se ina dUSita dharmo ke prati pratikriyA jAgrata ho gayI aura uttara bhArata meM AcaraNa pravaNa nAthapaMtha kA tathA dakSiNa meM vaiSNava aura liMgAyata Adi dharmo kA udaya ho gayA, nahIM to bhArata aura bhI adhika dInAvasthA ko pahuMca gayA hotaa| kabIra tathA unake guru rAmAnanda ne isa pratikriyA ko aura bhI adhika mUrtarUpa diyaa| dUsarI dhArA zAstrajJa AcAryo kI thii| ina AcAryo kA udaya zaMkarAcArya kI vicAradhArA kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM huA thaa| ina paravartI AcAryo meM rAmAnujAcArya, nimbArkAcArya, mAdhvAcArya tathA ballabhAcArya pramukha haiN| zaMkarAcArya advaita vedAnta ke pradhAna pratipAdaka mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne jJAna ko adhika mahattva diyaa| madhyakAlIna prAyaH sabhI santa zaMkara aura rAmAnuja donoM se prabhAvita hue haiN| madhyakAlIna santoM para rAmAnuja kI bhakti aura prapatti kA bahuta adhika prabhAva par3A hai| mAdhvAcArya, nimbArkAcArya aura vallabhAcArya kI chApa saguNopAsaka kaviyoM aura bhaktoM para dikhAI par3atI hai| ina AcAryoM ke kramazaH dvaita, dvaitAdvaita aura zuddhAdvaita siddhAntoM ne hindI sAhitya ko kAphI prabhAvita kiyA hai| ___ jainadharma bhI ina paristhitiyoM meM aprabhAvita nahIM raha skaa| usake bhakti Andolana meM aura bhI tIvratA aaii| niSkala aura sakala rUpa, nirguNa aura saguNa dhArA samAna rUpa se pravAhita huii| prAcIna jaina

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51 kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi AcAryoM ke anurUpa jaina sAdhakoM ne AdhyAtmika kiMvA rahasya bhAvanAtmaka sAdhanA kii| uttarakAla meM ve vaidika saMskRti se kucha rUpa lekara sAdhanA - kSetra meM utare / 3. sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi madhyakAla kA samAja varNa vyavasthA kI kaThora bhitti para khar3A thaa| ucca varNa se nimna varNa kI ora jAne kI to vyavasthA thI, para nimna varNa se ucca varNa kI ora nahIM / zabda mAtra jAti kA sUcaka nahIM rahA balki use nimna koTi ke vyakti kA pratIka mAnA jAne lgaa| isa kAla kI smRtiyoM meM sAmAjika niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA / muslimoM ke AkramaNoM ke kAraNa sAmAjika kaTTaratA aura adhika bar3hatI gii| isake bAvajUda bhAratIyatA ke nAte kisI meM usakA virodha karane kI kSamatA nahI rahI / islAma meM jAtigata vibhinnatA hote hue bhI sAmAjika vyavasthA se asantuSTa vyaktiyoM ke lie islAma kA sahArA mila gyaa| isa samaya dhArmika svataMtratA paryApta rUpa se dikhAI detI hai / koI bhI vyakti kisI dharma ko aMgIkAra karane ke lie svatantra thaa| isake bAvajUda smRtigata varNa vyavasthA ko adhika rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gyaa| anuloma, pratiloma vivAha bhI hote the| satI prathA bhI usa samaya pracalita thI / bahupatnItva prathA hone se nArI kI sthiti dayanIya thii| uca kuloM meM paradA prathA bhI thI / kRSi karma pramukha vyavasAya thA aura vizeSakara zUdra varga use kiyA karatA thA / sAmAjika rUr3hiyAM vizrRMkhalita ho rahI thiiN| jJAnAzrayI aura premAzrayI saMtoM ne bhI sAmAjika baMdhana tor3ane tur3Ane kA sAhasa kiyaa| itane para bhI samAja

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA smRti varNAzrama vyavasthA ko adhika upayukta mAnatA thaa| isa samaya svayaMvara prathA bhI pracalita thI, vizeSataH kSatriyoM meN| gaMdharva tathA rAkSasa vivAhoM ko vihita sA mAnA jAne lagA thaa| 3 jainadharma mUlataH varNa aura jAti para vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| usakI dRSTi meM vyakti ke svayaM ke karma usake sukha duHkha ke uttaradAyI hote haiN| Izvara jagata kA kartA, hatA, dhartA, nahIM; vaha to mAtra adhika se adhika mArgadarzaka kA kAma kara sakatA hai| isalie vaidika saMskRti ke viparIta zramaNa saMskRti meM varNavyavasthA "janmanA" na mAnakara 'karmaNA' mAnI gaI hai| parantu navam zatI meM jainAcArya jinasena ne vaidika vyavasthA meM anya sAmAjika kiMvA dhArmika saMkalpoM kA jainIkaraNa karake jainadharma aura saMskRti ko vaidikadharma aura saMskRti ke sAtha lAkara khar3A kara diyaa| tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM prastuta kI gaI isa vyavasthA ne kAphI lokapriyatA prApta kara lii| lagabhaga sau varSoM ke bAda AcArya somadeva ne usake virodha karane kA sAhasa kiyA para antataH unheM jinasena ke svara meM hI apanA svara milA denA pdd'aa| bAda ke jainAcAryoM ne jinasena aura somadeva ke dvArA mAnya varNavyavasthA ko saharSa svIkAra kara liyaa| bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM vizeSa pragati huii| AcAra kA paripAlana vahAM kama hone lagA aura bAhya kriyAkANDa bar3hane lgaa| 11-12 vIM zatI se vaidika aura jaina samAja vyavasthA meM koI bahuta antara nahIM rhaa| bauddhadharma to samAptaprAya ho gayA para jaina aura jainetara sampradAya badalatI havA meM phalate-phUlate rhe| aneka prakAra ke samAja sudhAraka Andolana bhI hue| kavivara banArasIdAsa kI adhyAtmika zailI ko bhI hama isI zreNI meM rakha sakate haiN|

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53 kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi isa sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi meM hindI jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa huA / kavivara banArasIdAsa, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dyAnatarAya, Anandaghana jaise adhyAtmarasika kaviyoM ne sAhitya sAdhanA kI / jaina samAja meM pracalita andhavizvAsoM aura rUr3hiyoM ko unhoMne samApta karane kA prayatna kiyA / jJAna kA pracAra kiyA aura AcAra se usakA samanvaya kiyA / idhara jaba vaiSNava- sampradAya sAmane AyA to bhakti aura ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM usakA AcAra-vicAra bnaa| jainadharma kA yaha vizeSa prabhAva thaa| pUjA svAdhyAya, yogasAdhanA Adi naimittika kriyAyeM banI / jaina-bauddhoM ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke anusaraNa meM unhoMne caubIsa avatAra mAne jinameM RSabhadeva aura buddha ko bhI sammilita kara liyA gyaa| dhIre-dhIre vaiSNavI mUrtiyAM bhI banane lagIM / vastrAbhUSaNoM se unakI sajjA bhI hone lagI / bhakti bhAva ke kAraNa bhakta rAjemahArAjoM ne mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ko sone cAMdI se Dhaka diyaa| phalataH AkramaNakAriyoM kI lolupI AMkhoM se ve na baca ske| zaMkara ke mAyAvAda, rAmAnujAcArya ke viziSTAdvaitavAda, mAdhavAcArya ke dvaitavAda aura nimbArka ke dvaitAdvaitavAda ne vedAnta kI sUtrAvali se adhyAtmavAda ke bar3hate hue svara kucha dhIme par3a gye| bAda meM hindU aura musalamAnoM meM ekatA prasthApita karane ke lie aneka prayatna prArambha hue| muinuddIna ciztI Adi kucha muslima phakIroM ne islAma ko bhAratIyatA ke DhAMce meM DhAlane kA prayatna kiyaa| jAyasI jaise sUphI kaviyoM ne hindI bhASA meM graMtha likhe aura hindI kaviyoM ne urdU bhASA meN| nirguNa aura saguNa bhakti Andolana adhika vikasita hue /

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA pUrvottara bhArata meM svAmI rAmAnanda, aura santa kabIra, paMjAba meM gurunAnaka, madhyabhArata meM santa sundaradAsa, mahArASTra meM jJAnadeva, nAmadeva, tukArAma aura jJAnezvara the| baMgAla meM caitanyadeva, bihAra meM vidyApati ThAkura, gujarAta meM lokAzAha aura buMdelakhaMDa meM tAraNa svAmI the| ina sabhI santoM ne bhAratIya jIvana kI nayI jAgrati pradAna kii| tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke anusAra unhoMne samAja meM vyApta andha vizvAsoM aura kurItiyoM ko dUra karane kA bharapUra prayatna kiyaa| mUrtipUjA, jAti-pAMti aura karmakANDa kA apanI-apanI bolI meM virodha kara nirguNa bhakti kA pracAra kiyA tathA hindU-muslima ke bIca utpanna khAI ko pATakara nayI sAMskRtika saMracanA meM sarAhanIya yogadAna diyaa| madhyakAla kI uparyukta sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti kA kSetra aprabhAvita nahIM raha skaa| AcAryoM ne samaya aura AvazyakatA ke anusAra apanI sImA ke bhItara hI usameM parivartanaparivardhana kiye, sAhitya kI nayI vidhAyeM prArambha kI aura prAcIna vidhAoM ko vikasita kiyaa| paramArtha prApti ke lie ve saguNa aura nirguNa bhakti ke mAdhyama se rahasya bhAvanA ko AMcala meM bAMdhakara sAhitya ke kSetra meM utre| jinodayasUri banArasIdAsa, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, Anandaghana, vinodIlAla, dyAnatarAya, lakSmIdAsa, pANDe lAlacaMda, daulatarAma, jinasamudrasUri, jinaharSa-Adi zatAdhika kavi isa kSetra ke jAjvalyamAna nakSatra rahe haiM jinhoMne apanI cirantana jIvana kRtiyoM meM adhyAtmarasa ko bar3e prabhAvaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| AdikAla se madhyakAla taka kI isa yAtrA meM hindI jaina sAhityakAroM ne aneka par3Ava banAye, unheM samRddha kiyA aura phira ve Age cala pdd'e| unakI gati kahIM rukI nhiiN| sAhitya sAdhanA kI

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55 kAla-vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi avirala dhArA meM unakA adhyAtma jIvana sadaiva rahasyabhAvanA meM AplAvita rahA hai| isI yAtrA meM unhoMne naI-naI vidhAoM kA sRjana kiyA, bhASA kA vikAsa kiyA jinheM uttarakAlIna sabhI kaviyoM ne sAbhAra sviikaaraa| yaha tathya Age ke pRSThoM meM spaSTa hotA calA jaavegaa| 12-13vIM zatAbdI meM apabhraMza se vikasita maru-gurjara bhASA bolI eka navajAta zizu ke samAna thI jisakA koI sthira rUpa nahIM thaa| isake aneka sthAnIya aura parivartanazIla rUpa pracalita the| rAjasthAnI, vraja aura bundelI ko bhI isI rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina boliyoM meM apabhraMza bhASA aura zailI kA prayoga samAnAntara rUpa se hotA rahA hai| inakA adhyayana bhI hamane apanI paridhi meM rakhA hai| ye bhASAyeM/boliyAM Adhunika dezI bhASAoM ko jor3ane vAlI mahattvapUrNa kaDI haiN| ina bhASAoM ko bolane vAle vyApArI varga ne bhASAtmaka ekatA ko sudRDha kiyA hai| madhyakAla aura usake bAda ina janabhASAoM ne apane-apane pradezoM meM svatantra rUpa se vikAsa kiyA para zabda aura prayoga meM adhika antara nahIM A paayaa| sAMskRtika aura dhArmika ekatA bhI usameM eka sabala kAraNa rahA hai| rAjanItika asthiratA ke bAvajUda jainAcArya sAhityika saMvardhana meM juTe rhe| sarasvatI kI upAsanA meM ve kabhI pIche nahIM rhe| itanA hI nahIM, sarasvatI bhaNDAroM kI bhI sthApanAkara pratiyoM kA lekhana aura unakI surakSA kA bhI yathAzakya prabaMdha kiyaa| 19vIM zatAbdI ke bAda rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura bundelI bhASAoM kA svatantra vikAsa hone lgaa| phira bhI unameM paryApta samAnatA banI rhii| yaha samAnatA digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM ke sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| digambara sAhitya kI bhASA para

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56 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA purAnI hindI kA prabhAva adhika hai| parantu vaha parimANa meM zvetAmbara sAhitya kI apekSA kama dikhAI detA hai| isa samUce sAhitya meM svatantra kriyAoM kA vikAsa aura vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga spaSTa rUpa se hone lagA thaa| carita, rAsa, caupaI, muktaka, rUpaka, kathA Adi kAvyavidhAoM meM sAhitya sRjana hotA rhaa| inameM Anandatilaka, Thakkara pheru, lAvaNyasamaya, hIravijaya, Anandaghana, yazovijaya, vRndAvana, bhUdharadAsa Adi sAhityakAroM kI uccakoTi kI racanAeM haiM jinase koI bhI sAhitya gauravAnvita ho sakatA hai| isa prasaMga meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke jaina sAhitya kI bhI bAta karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| isa zatAbdI meM prAcIna jaina sAhitya ke prakAzana ne acchI gati lI hai| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, tamila, kannaDa, gujarAtI, marAThI tathA hindI bhASAoM kA prAcIna sAhitya prakAza meM AyA hai| isa kSetra meM sarvazrI agaracanda nAhaTA, kAmatA prasAda jaina, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, DaoN. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, paM. paramAnanda zAstrI, paM. bAlacandra zAstrI, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, paM. hIrAlAla jaina, paM. phUlacandra si. zAstrI, paM. nemicandra zAstrI, DaoN. bhayANI, DaoN. premasAgara jaina, DaoN. rAjArAma jaina, DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara Adi vidvAnoM ne mahanIya kArya kiyA hai| unake zodha granthoM ne jainetara vidvAnoM ko jaina sAhitya kI ora AkarSita kiyA hai| hindI jaina sAhitya ke prakAza meM A jAne se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dizA ko acchI gati mila rahI hai| aba isa kSetra meM zodha kI saMbhAvanAyeM bahuta adhika haiN|

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dvitIya parivarta AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ itihAsa kA madhyakAla saMskRta aura prAkRta kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| gupta sAmrAjya ke patana ke bAda bANa aura zrIharSa taka kAnyakubja saMskRta kA pradhAna kendra rhaa| isI taraha mAnyakheTa, mAhiSmatI, paTTaNa, dhArA, kAzI, lakSmaNavatI Adi nagara bhI isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| isa kAla meM saMskRta sAhitya pANDitya pradarzana tathA zAstrIya vAda-vivAda ke pajar3e meM par3a gyaa| vahAM bhAvapakSa kI apekSA kalA pakSa para adhika jora diyA gyaa| ise hAsonmukha kAla kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| uttarakAla meM usakA koI vikAsa nahIM ho skaa| isa yuga meM jinabhadra, haribhadra, zIlAMka, abhayadeva, malayagiri, hemacandra Adi kA pUrNa sAhitya, amRtacanda, jayasena, malliSeNa, meghanandana, siddhasenasUri, mAghanaMdi, jayazekhara, AzAdhara, ratnamandiragaNI Adi kA siddhAnta sAhitya, haribhadra, akalaMka, vidyAnaMda, mANikyanaMdi, prabhAcanda, hemacanda, malliSeNa, yazovijaya Adi kA nyAya sAhitya, amitagati, somadeva, mAghanaMdi, AzAdhara, vIranaMdi, somaprabhasUri, devendrasUri, rAjamalla Adi kA AcAra sAhitya, akalaMka, vappibhaTTi, dhanaMjaya, vidyAnaMdi, vAdirAja, mAnatuMga, hemacanda, AzAdhara, padmanaMdi, divAkaramuni Adi kA bhakti paraka sAhitya, raviSeNa, jinasena, guNabhadra, zrIcandra,

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA dAmanandi, malliSeNa, devaprabhasUri, hemacanda, AzAdhara, jinaharSagaNi, merutuMgasUri, vinayacandUsari, guNavijayagaNi Adi kA paurANika aura aitihAsika kAvya sAhitya, hariSeNa, prabhAcanda, siddharSi, ratnaprabhAcArya, jinaratnasUri, mANikyasUri Adi kA kathA sAhitya, saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hue / isI taraha lalita, jyotiSa, koza, vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda, alaMkAra zAstra Adi kSetroM meM jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta bhASA ke sAhitya bhaNDAra ko bharapUra samRddha kiyA / 58 isI yuga meM prAkRta bhASA meM AgamoM para bhASya, cUrNi va TIkA sAhitya likhA gayA / karma sAhitya ke kSetra meM vIrasena, jayasena, nemicanda siddhAnta cakravartI vIrazekharavijaya, candarSi mahattara, gargarSi, jinaballabhagaNi, devendrasUri, harSakulagaNi Adi AcAryoM ne, siddhAnta ke kSetra meM haribhadrasUri, kumAra kArtikeya, zAMtisUri, rAjazekharasUri, jayaballabha, guNaratnavijaya Adi AcAryoM ne, AcAra va bhakti ke kSetra meM haribhadrasUri, vIrabhadra, devendrasUri vasunaMdi, jinaprabhasUri, dharmaghoSasUri Adi AcAryo ne, paurANika aura kathA ke kSetra meM zIlAcArya, bhadrezvarasUri, somaprabhAcArya, zrIcandasUri, lakSmaNagaNi, saMghadAsagaNi, dharmadAsagaNi, jayasiMhasUri, devabhadrasUri, devendragaNi, ratnazekharasUri, udyotanasUri, guNapAlamuni, devendrasUri Adi AcAryo ne prAkRta bhASA meM zatAdhika grantha likhe| lAkSaNika, gaNita, jyotiSa, zilpa Adi kSetroM meM bhI prAkRta bhASA ko apanAyA gayA jisane hindI ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA / apabhraMza kA hindI para prabhAva prAkRta ke hI uttaravartI vikasita rUpa apabhraMza ne to hindI sAhitya ko sarvAdhika prabhAvita kiyA hai| svayaMbhU ( 7-8 vIM zatI) kA

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 59 paumacariu aura riTuNemicariu, dhavala (10-11 vIM zatI) aura yazaHkIrti (15 vIM zatI) ke harivaMzapurANa, puSpadaMta (10 vIM zatI) ke tisadvipurisaguNAlaMkAra (mahApurANa), jasaharacariu aura NAyakumAracariu, dhanapAla dhakkar3a (10 vIM zatI) kA bhavisayattakahA, kanakAmara (10 vIM zatI) kA karakaNDa cariu, dhAhila (10 vIM zatI) kA paumasiricariu, harideva kA mayaNaparAjaya, abdula rahamAna kA saMdesarAsaka, rAmasiMha kA pAhur3adohA, devasena kA sAvayadhammadohA Adi saikar3oM grantha apabhraMza meM likhe gaye haiM jinhoMne hindI ke AdikAla aura madhyakAla ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| unakI sahaja-sarala bhASA svAbhAvika varNana aura sAMskRtika dharAtala para vyAkhyAyita dArzanika siddhAntoM ne hindI jaina sAhitya kI samagra kRtiyoM para apanI amiTa chApa choDI hai| bhASika parivartana bhI ina granthoM meM sahajatA pUrvaka dekhA jA sakatA hai| hindI ke vikAsa kI yaha Adya kaDI hai| isalie apabhraMza kI katipaya mukhya vizeSatAoM kI ora dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| apabhraMza bhASA kA prArUpa - apabhraMza jise AbhIrokti, bhraSTa aura dezI bhASA kahA gayA hai, bhASA hone ke kAraNa usake bolI rUpoM meM vaividhya honA svAbhAvika thaa| prAkRta sarvasvakAra mArkaNDeya ne usake tIna pramukha rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - nAgara, brAcaDa tathA upnaagr| DaoN. yAkobI ne use uttarI, pazcimI,pUrvI tathA dakSiNI ke rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| DaoN. tagAre ne isa vibhAjana ko tIna bhedoM meM hI samAhitakara nimna prakAra se varNana kiyA hai 1. pUrvI apabhraMza - saraha tathA kaNha ke dohAkoza aura caryApadoM kI bhaassaa| ise mAgadhI apabhraMza bhI kahA jAtA hai| pa. baMgalA, ur3iyA, bhojapurI, maithilI Adi bhASAyeM isI se nikalI haiN|

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 2. dakSiNI apabhraMza puSpadaMta, kRta, mahApurANa, mikumAra cariu, jasaharacariu evaM kanakAmara ke karakaMDacariu kI bhASA / yAkobI kA uttarI apabhraMza bheda isI meM garbhita ho jAtA hai / 60 1 3. pazcimI apabhraMza - kAlidAsa, joindu, rAmasiMha, dhanapAla, hemacanda Adi kI apabhraMza bhASA, jisakA rUpa vikramorvazIya, sAvayadhammadohA, pAhur3a dohA, bhavisayatta kahA evaM hemacanda dvArA uddhRta apabhraMza dohoM Adi meM upalabdha hotA hai| ise nAgara apabhraMza kahA jAtA hai| yaha zorasenI prAkRta saMbaddha bhASA thii| ise pariniSThita apabhraMza bhI kahA jAtA hai| DaoN. bholAzaMkara vyAsa ne jaisA kahA hai, vastutaH lagabhaga 12 vIM zatI taka zorasenI (nAgara) apabhraMza meM hI sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai| puSpadaMta vagairaha kaviyoM kI bhASA bhI dakSiNI na hokara pazcimI hI rahI hai| isI zaurasenI se pUrvI rAjasthAna, vraja, dillI meraTha Adi kI boliyoM kA vikAsa huaa| gurjara aura avantI kI boliyAM bhI isI ke rUpa haiN| DaoN. vyAsa ne zaurasenI apabhraMza (nAgara) kI vizeSatAoM ko isa prakAra se ginAyA hai - 1. svara aura dhvaniyA~ (1) mahArASTrI prAkRta ke samAna yahAM hasva e aura hasva o dhvaniyAM pAyI jAtI haiN| jina saMskRta zabdoM meM e ai tathA o o dhvaniyAM aura unake bAda saMyukta vyaMjana AveM ve svara kramazaH hrasva e (=a~) va o (=oN) ho jAte haiN| jaise - paeNkkha (prekSa, saoNkkha jaoNvvaNa meM prathama svara hasva (ekamAtrika) hai|

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 61 (2) R, lu, ai, au kA abhAva hai| ai, au kI jagaha ai, au uccarita hone lgaa| (3) 'ya' zruti kA prayoga apabhraMza kI anyatama vizeSatA hai jaise NAyakumAra, juyala / 'va' zruti bhI jahAM kahIM mila jAtI hai| jaiserUvaMti, suhava, (rudaMti, subhg)| (4) antya svara kI hRsviikrnn-prvRtti| jaise-koi, hoi| 2. vyaMjana dhvaniyA~ __ (1) svara ke madhya rahane vAle k, t, p, kA g,d, b, ho jAtA hai tathA kh, th, pha, kA gh, dh, bh, ho jAtA hai| jaise madakala (mayagala), vipriyakAraka (vippiyagArau), sAparAdha (saavraah)| (2) pada ke Adi meM saMyukta vyaMjana nahIM rahatA, mAtra, graha, hma, lha saMyukta dhvaniyA~ hI Adi meM A sakatI haiN| isakI pUrti ke lie hemacanda ne repha' kA Agama mAnA hai| jaise vyAsa (brAsu), dRSTi (ditttthi)| para inakA prayoga kama milatA hai| (3) za aura Sa kA prayoga prAyaH samApta ho gyaa| ya ke sthAna para 'ja' kA prayoga huA hai| (4) saMyukta vyaMjana kI saMkhyA mAtra 31 raha gii| (5) madhyavartI 'ma' kA 'ba~' ho jAtA hai| prAyaH 'na' tansama zabdoM meM surakSita rahatA thA paratadbhava rUpoM meM eka sAtha 'ma', 'va' donoM rUpa milate haiN| jaise gAma-gA~va, saaml-saaNvl| (6) antya svara kA hsviikrnn|

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62 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 3. pada racanA (1) apabhraMza meM vyaMjanAMta (halanta) zabda nahIM milate haiN| jaise maNa (manas), jaga (jagad), appaNa (Atman) / isalie apabhraMza ke sabhI zabda svarAMta hote haiM / (2) liMga kI koI vizeSa vyavasthA nahIM rahatI, phira bhI sAdhAraNataH paramparA kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA rahA hai| (3) vacana do hI hote haiM / 4. vibhaktiyA~ aura zabda rUpa (1) prAkRta meM caturthI aura SaSThI kA abheda sthApita huA thA para apabhraMza meM isake sAtha hI dvitIyA aura caturthI, saptamI aura tRtIyA, paMcamI tathA SaSThI ke eka vacana tathA prathamA evaM dvitIyA kA bheda samApta ho gayA / (2) prathamA ekavacana meM prAkRta kA 'o' vAlA rUpa putto tathA 'u' vAle rUpa putta, puttuu rUpa milate haiN| kahIM-kahIM zUnya vibhakti rUpa 'putta' bhI milatA hai| (3) prathamA tathA dvitIyA ekavacana meM 'u' vibhakti cinha milatA hai| kahIM-kahIM 'a' vAlA rUpa 'putta' tathA zuddha pratipAdita rUpa 'putta' bhI mila jAtA hai / (4) prathamA - dvitIyA vibhakti ke bahuvacana rUpoM meM -A' vAle rUpa 'puttA' tathA zUnya rUpa 'putta' milate haiM /

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63 AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ (5) tRtIyA tathA saptamI ekavacana ke rUpa mizrita ho gaye haiN| isameM prAkRta 'eNa' vAle rUpoM ke atirikta 'i' (putte) tathA 'i' (puttai) vAle rUpa bhI milate haiM / (6) caturthI, paMcamI tathA SaSThI ke rUpa 'hu' tathA 'ho' cinha vAle 'puttahu', 'puttaho' milate haiN| sAtha hI 'puttarasa' rUpa bhI dekhA jAtA hai / (7) tRtIyA tathA saptamI bahuvacana meM 'hi' vAle rUpa adhika pAye jAte haiM, 'puttahiM' (puttahi ) / tRtIyA meM 'ehiM' vAle rUpa bhI milate haiM - 'puttehi' / (8) paMcamI aura SaSThI bahuvacana meM puttaha, puttaha jaise rUpa milate haiM / (9) napuMsaka liMga ke prathama evaM dvitIyA bahuvacana meM 'i-I' (phalAi-phalAiM) vAle rUpa hote haiN| (10) kAraka meM kevala tIna samUha zeSa raha gaye - a. prathamA, dvitIyA, saMbodhana, ba. tRtIyA, saptamI aura sa. caturthI, paMcamI aura SaSThI / 5. sarvanAma - (1) 'asmat' zabda ke prathamA ekavacana meM 'hau', maha - mai' aura bahuvacana meM amhe, amhaI, dvitIyA / (2) tRtIyA va saptamI meM mae - maI, paMcamI - SaSThI meM mahumajjhu, rUpa milate haiN| yuSmat zabda ke prathamA ke rUpa tuhu-tuhuM, dvitIyA tRtIyA ke papaI taI; paMcamI - SaSThI meM tuha tujjha, tujjhu tathA - tat-yat ke apabhraMza rUpa so-jo milate haiN|

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64 6. dhAtu rUpa hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA (1) apabhraMza meM Atmane pada kA prAyaH lopa ho gayA hai / (2) dasa gaNoM kA bheda samApta ho gyaa| sabhI dhAtu bhvAdigaNa ke dhAtuoM kI taraha calate haiN| (3) lakAroM meM bhI kamI aaii| bhUtakAla ke tInoM lakAra adRSTa ho gaye tathA hetu-hetu madbhUta bhI nahIM dikhtaa| inake sthAna para bhUtakAlika kRdanta rUpoM kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| mukhyataH laT, loT aura lRT lakAra baca gye| (4) NijaMta rUpa, nAma dhAtu, cvi rUpa tathA anukaraNAtmaka kriyA rUpa bhI pAe jAte haiN| dhAtu rUpoM meM vartamAnakAla ke uttama puruSa ekavacana meM 'u' vAle rUpa karaU~, bahuvacana meM 'mo' va 'hu~' vAle rUpa; madhyama puruSa ke ekavacana bahuvacana meM kramazaH si - hi tathA hu vAle rUpa; madhyama puruSa ke ekavacana meM i-ei (karai-karei) aura bahuvacana meM nti-hiM (karaMti-karahiM ) vibhakti cinha pAe jAte haiM / AjJArthaka kriyA rUpoM meM uttama puruSa ke rUpa nahIM milte| madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM vividha rUpa pAe jAte haiN| zUnya rUpa yA dhAturUpa (kara) u, i, ha, hi vAle rUpa (kari, karu, karaha, karahi, karihi), bahuvacana meM ha, hu, ho vAle rUpa (karaha, karahu, karahoM) pAe jAte haiN| anya puruSa ekavacana meM 'u' cinha (karau) pAyA jAtA hai / (5) vidhyartha meM jja kA prayoga milatA hai - karijjau, karijjahi, karijjahu Adi / isakA prayoga vartamAna kAlika rUpoM para AdhRta hai| ina rUpoM ke bIca meM sa, ha, kA prayoga hotA hai| 'ha' rUpoM ke

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 65 sAtha vartamAna kAlika tiG pratyayoM kA prayoga hotA hai| 'ha' rUpoM ke sAtha vartamAna kAlika tiGpratyayoM kA hI prayoga hotA hai| (6) bhUtakAla ke lie niSThA pratyaya se vikasita kRdanta rUpa kaa, kahia, huva Adi rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| (7) karmaNi prayogoM meM ijja (gaNijjai, NhAijjai) ke sAtha anya tiG pratyayoM ko jor3a diyA jAtA hai| . 7. parasargokA udaya (1) apabhraMza ke pramukha parasarga haiM - honta-hontau-honti, Thiu, keraa-kera aura tnn| saptamI vAle rUpa ke sAtha 'Thiu' kA prayoga hone para paMcamyartha kI pratIti hotI hai| kera yA keraa parasarga kA prayoga kisI vastu se sambaddha hone ke artha meM pAyA jAtA hai| SaSThI vibhakti ke parasarga ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga apabhraMza kI hI vizeSatA hai| karaNakAraka ke lie sahuM, taNa, sampradAna ke lie kehi, resi apAdAna ke lie hontau, honata, thiu, sambandha ke lie kerau, kera, kara, kI, kA aura saptamI ke lie majjha, maha~ Adi parasargo kA prayoga prArambha ho gyaa| 8. vAkya racanA (1) kAraka-pratyaya adhika dekhA jAtA hai| SaSThI kA prayoga sabhI kArakoM ke lie huA hai| saptamI kA prayoga karma tathA karaNa ke lie paMcamI vibhakti kA prayoga karaNakAraka ke lie tathA dvitIyA kA prayoga adhikaraNa ke lie dekhA jAtA hai| (2) apabhraMza meM nirvibhaktika padoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa vAkya racanA nizcita-sI ho calI hai|

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA prArambhika hindI aura uttarakAlIna hindI para isakA bahuta prabhAva par3A huA hai| hindI kA DhAMcA apabhraMza kI dena hai| hindI kA parasarga prayoga, nirvibhaktika rUpoM kI bahulatA, karmavAcya tathA bhAvavAcya praNAlI ke bIja apabhraMza meM hI dekhe jAte haiN| paravartI apabhraMza meM sthAnIya bhASika tattva bar3hate gaye aura lagabhaga terahavIM zatI taka Ate-Ate pUrva-pazcima dezavartI boliyAM svatantra rUpa se khar3I ho gaI / gujarAtI, marAThI, baMgalA, rAjasthAnI, braja, maithilI Adi kSetrIya bhASAe~ isI kA pariNAma haiN| DaoN. nAmavarasiMha ne ina bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza ke yogadAna kI carcA kI hai| unake anusAra yaha yogadAna nimnalikhita rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai, vizeSataH madhyakAlIna hindI ke kSetra meM / nirvibhakti padoM kA upayoga / u vibhakti kA prayoga jisakA khar3I bolI meM lopa ho gayA / karaNa, adhikaraNa ke sAtha hI dharma, sampradAna aura apAdAna meM bhI hi - hiM vibhakti kA prayoga / 66 1. 2. 4. 6. nhi-nha vibhakti kA prayoga sAmAnyataH karma, sampradAna, karaNa, adhikaraNa aura sambandha kArakoM meM / parasargo meM sambandha kAraka keraa, kera, kara, kA, kI, adhikaraNa kAraka majjhe, majjhu, mA~jha, sampradAna kAraka kehi, resiM, taNa pramukha haiN| prayatna lAghava pravRtti ke kAraNa ina parasargo meM ghisAva bhI huA hai / sarvanAma-haU~ aura hauM (uttama pu. ekavacana), hama (u.pu. bahuva.), mo aura mohiM, mujjha - mujjha (sampradAya), tuhu~,

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7. 8. AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 67 tuuM-tU-tU-tai~-tai, tumha - tuma ( madhyamapuruSa ), tau - to tohi-tora-tujjha (sambandha), o-oi-ohu ( anya pu.), appaNa-Apana, Apu, (nijavAcaka), eha - yaha-ye- isa- ina (nikaTa ni - saM.), jo (sambandha vAcaka), kAI - kavaNa - kauna ( prazna), kou, koU, (ani.) / sarvanAmika vizeSaNa - jaiso, taiso, kaiso, aiso. ehau / kramavAcaka-paDhama, pahila, biya, dUja, tIja Adi / kriyA - saMhiti se vyavahiti kI ora bddh'ii| 9. 10. tiGanta tadbhava - acchi, Achai, ahai-hai; huto - ho, thaa| 11. sAmAnya vartamAna kAla - ai karai, ai kare, auM (vaMdauM) ruup| 12. sAmAnya bhaviSyata kAla-karisai, karisahu~, karihai, karahiu~ Adi / 13. 14. 15. vartamAna AjJArtha - sumari, bilambu, kare jaise rUpa / kRdanta-tadbhava-karata, gayau, kIno, kiyo Adi jaise rUpa / avyaya-Aja, abahiM, jAvaM, kahaeN, jahaeN, nAhiM, lauM, jai Adi / apabhraMza sAhitya kA hindI sAhitya para prabhAva apabhraMza ke bAda marugurjara bhASA kA bhI vikAsa huA hai jisa para apabhraMza kA prabhAva dRSTavya hai| isakI lagabhaga sabhI vidhAeM loka sAhitya se grahIta haiN| pazcimI avahaTTa meM likhA gayA sAhitya hI maru gurjara yA purAnI hindI kA sAhitya hai / usameM hindI, gujarAtI aura

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA rAjasthAnI kA saMmilita rUpa samAhita hai| usake adhikAMza rUpa apabhraMza ke samAna ukArAnta hote haiN| kArakoM meM bhI apabhraMza kA prabhAva spaSTataH dikhAI detA hai| varNo kI saMkocana pravRtti bhI usI kA rUpa hai| saMyogAtmakatA se viyogAtmakatA kI ora jAne kI pravRtti bhI isa kAla meM bar3hI hai| chanda saukarya ke lie hasva ko dIrgha aura dIrgha ko isva kiyA gayA aura varNo ko dvitva kara diyA gyaa| ise hama purAnI hindI kaha sakate haiN| vraja kA bhI prabhAva yahAM dikhAI detA hai| apabhraMza se sIdhe marugurjara ko aura marugurjara ke mAdhyama se rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi Adhunika bhASAoM ko vividha rUpa mile haiN| __ apabhraMza bhASA kI taraha apabhraMza sAhitya ne bhI hindI, jaina va jainetara sAhitya ko kama prabhAvita nahIM kiyA hai| ise samajhane ke lie hameM saMkSepa meM apabhraMza jaina sAhitya para eka dRSTipAta karanA Avazyaka hogaa| yaha sAhitya mukhyataH prabandhakAvya, khaNDakAvya aura muktakakAvya kI pravRttiyoM se jur3A huA hai| purANakAvya aura caritakAvya saMvetAtmaka haiN| yahAM jaina mahApuruSoM ke carita kA AkhyAna karate hue AdhyAtmikatA aura kAvyatva kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| samUce jaina sAhitya meM ye donoM tattva ApAdamagna haiN| apabhraMza kA AdikAla bharata ke nATyazAstra se prArambha hotA hai jahA~ chandaH prakaraNa meM ukAra pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai (morallau, ncctNu)| Age calakara kAlidAsa taka Ate-Ate isa pravRtti kA aura vikAsa huaa| unake vikramorvazIya meM apabhraMza kI vividha pravRttiyAM parilakSita hotI haiN| saMskRta-prAkRta ke chanda tukAnta nahIM the| jabaki apabhraMza ke chanda tukAnta milane lge| gAthA se dohA kA vikAsa huaa| daNDI ke samaya taka apabhraMza sAhitya apane pUrNa

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 69 vikAsakAla meM A cukA thaa| sAtha hI kucha aisI pravRttiyA~ bhI bar3ha gaI thIM jinakA sambandha hindI ke AdikAla se ho jAtA hai| sambhavataH isI kAraNa se udyotana sUri ne apabhraMza ko saMskRta-prAkRta ke zuddhAzuddha prayogoM se mukta mAnA hai| kuvalayamAlA se 'desI bhAsA' ke kucha udAharaNa diye bhI jAte haiM jo nATaka sAhitya se lie gae haiN| tAva imaM gIyayaM gIyaM gAmanaDIe, jo jasu mANusu vallahau taMjai aNu rmei| jai so jANai jIvai vi to tahu pANa lei|| nATakoM meM bhI apabhraMza kA prayoga huA hai| zUdraka ne usakA prayoga hIna pAtroM ke lie kiyA hai| vahAM mathurA kI ukti meM ukAra bahulatA dikhAI detI hai| svayaMbhU, puSpadaMta Adi kI bhI apabhraMza racanAe~ hamAre sAmane haiM hii| inhIM racanAoM meM dezI bhASA ke bhI katipaya rUpa dikhAI dete haiN| rASTrakUTa aura pAla rAjAoM ke Azraya se apabhraMza kA vikAsa adhika huaa| idhara mammaTa (11 vIM zatI), vAgbhaTa (12 vIM zatI), amaracanda (13 vIM zatI), bhoja, Anandavardhana jaise AlaMkArikoM ne apabhraMza ke dohoM ko udAharaNoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jo usa bhASA kI mahattA kI ora spaSTa iMgita karate haiN| hemacanda (12 vIM zatI) dvArA ullikhita dohoM ko dekhakara to apabhraMza ke pANini DaoN. ricArDa pIzela bhAvavibhora ho gaye aura unhIM ke AdhAra para unhoMne usakI vizeSatAoM kA Akalana kara diyA jo Aja bhI yathAvat haiN| DaoN. yAkobI ne bhI bhavisayattakahA' kI bhUmikA meM apabhraMza sAhitya kI vizeSatAoM kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| ina videzI vidvAnoM ke gahana adhyayana ke kAraNa hamAre deza ke

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vidvAnoM kA bhI dhyAna apabhraMza sAhitya kI ora AkarSita huaa| candradhara zarmA gulerI, rAmacaMda zukla, hajArI prasAda dvivedI, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, rAmakumAra varmA, bholAzaMkara vyAsa, nAmavarasiMha, zivaprasAdasiMha, rAmacanda tomara, hIrAlAla jaina, bhayANI, devendrakumAra jaina, rAjArAma jaina, bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara Adi vidvAnoM ne apabhraMza kA adhyayana kiyA aura use purAnI hindI athavA dezI bhASA kahakara sambodhita kiyaa| sarahapA, kaNha Adi bauddha saMtoM ne , svayaMbhU, puSpadaMta Adi jaina vidvAnoM aura candavaradAI tathA vidyApati jaise vaidika kaviyoM ne bhI isako isI rUpa meM dekhaa| apabhraMza aura avahaTTa ne hindI ke vikAsa meM anUThA yogadAna diyA hai| isalie hamane apabhraMza aura avahaTTa ko hindI ke AdikAla kA prathama bhAga tathA purAnI hindI ko AdikAla kA dvitIya bhAga mAnA hai| apabhraMza sAhitya kA prabhAva maru gurjara sAhitya para bhI paDA hai| apabhraMza kI citradarzana, svapnadarzana, zukahaMsa Adi ko dUta banAne kI pravRtti, samudra yAtrA meM tUphAna Adi kathAnaka rUDhiyAM apabhraMza se gurjara aura rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM pallavita huI haiN| apabhraMza ke dohA, caupAI, soraThA, kavitta, savaiyA, chappaya Adi mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga yahAM bahuta huA hai| rAsa, phAgu, caupai, veli, carcarI, chappaya, bArahamAsA, lAvaNI, prahelikA, AkhyAna, carita, vAvanI, chattIsI, sattarI, cUnaDI Adi jaise vividha kAvya rUpa apabhraMza sAhitya ke hI prabhAva meM panape haiN| jaina sAhitya kA aMgIrasa zAntarasa bhakti aura nirveda kI goda meM palakara apabhraMza sAhitya ke dvAra se yahAM aura bhI vikasita huA hai| rasarAja zAntarasa kA sthAyI bhAva vairAgya hai jo jainadharma kI mUla AtmA hai| jaina sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga vairAgyaparaka hI hai|

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71 AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 71 apabhraMza aura avahaTTa apabhraMza ne kAlAntara meM sAhityika rUpa le liyA aura bhASA ke vikAsa kI gati ke hisAba se vaha Age bar3hI jisako avahaTTa kahA gyaa| isI ko hama purAnI hindI kahanA caaheNge| vidvAnoM ne isakI kAla sImA 11 vIM zatI se 14 vIM zatI taka rakhI hai| abdula rahamAna kA saMdesarAsaka, zAlibhadra sUri kA bAhubalI rAsa, jinapadma sUri kA thUlibhadda phAguAdi racanAeM isI kAla meM AtI haiN| ___ isa kAla kI avahaTTa kiMvA purAnI hindI meM saralIkaraNa kI pravRtti adhika bar3ha gii| vibhaktiyoM kA lopa-sA hone lgaa| parasargo kA prayoga bar3ha gyaa| dhvani parivartana aura rUpa parivartana to itanA adhika huA ki Adhunika bhASAoM ke zabdoM ke samIpa taka pahuMcane kA mArga spaSTa dikhAI dene lgaa| videzI zabdoM kA upayoga bddh'aa| illa, ulla Adi jaise pratyayoM kA prayoga adhika hone lgaa| saMbhavataH isIlie DaoN.rAmakumAra varmA ne apabhraMza sAhitya ko bhASA kI dRSTi se hindI sAhitya ke antargata svIkAra hiyA hai| "cUMki bhASA ko sAhitya se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA isalie apabhraMza sAhitya bhI hindI sAhitya se sambaddha honA cAhiye bhale hI vaha saMkrAntikAlIna rahA hai|' vidvAnoM ke isa mata ko hama pUrNataH svIkAra nahIM kara skte| haoN. pravRtiyoM ke sandarbha meM usakA Akalana avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai| hindI -AdikAla ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna itihAsa isa tathya kA sAkSI hai ki jainAcArya jahA~ bhI rahe, vahAM kI bhASA aura sAhitya ke vikAsa meM bharapUra yogadAna diyaa| lagabhaga

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA sabhI prAcya bhASAoM ke Adya sAhityakAra ke rUpa meM unake sazakta hastAkSara avismaraNIya haiN| hindI sAhitya bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| usake AdikAla ko jainAcAryoM ne apanI pratibhA-prasUta lekhanI se bahuta samRddha kiyA hai| unake isa yogadAna ko rekhAMkita karanA hI hamArA uddezya hai| yahAM yaha spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki hamane yahAM 'AcArya' zabda ko eka sAhityakAra ke rUpa meM grahIta kiyA hai, pada ke rUpa meM nhiiN| isalie jainAcArya kA tAtparya hai jaina sAhityakAra, cAhe vaha sAdhuho yA shraavk| kAla vibhAjana hindI sAhitya kI adhunAtama zodha pravRttiyoM ke AdhAra para antataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hindI sAhitya ke kAla vibhAjana kA prazna abhI taka vivAdAspada banA huA hai| DaoN. griyarsana, mizrabandhu, zivasiMha saiMgara, candradhara zarmA gulerI, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA Adi vidvAnoM ne hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla kA prArambha vi.saM.7 vIM zatI se 14 vIM zatI taka svIkAra kiyA hai| dUsarI ora rAmacandra zukla, hajArI prasAda dvivedI, vizvanAtha prasAda mizra Adi vidvAna usakA prArambha 10 vIM zatAbdI se 14vIM zatAbdI taka mAnate haiN| ina vidvAnoM meM kucha vidvAna AdikAlIna apabhraMza bhASA meM likhe sAhitya ko purAnI hindI kA rUpa mAnate haiM aura kucha hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM unakA ullekha karate haiN| A. rAmacandra zukla aura vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne hindI jaina sAhitya ko nitAnta dhArmika, sAmpradAyika aura zuSka tthhraayaa| para hajArIprasAda dvivedI aura bholAzaMkara vyAsa jaise talasparzI vidvAna use

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 73 yaha kahakara asvIkAra kara dete haiM ki yadi hindI jaina sAhitya ko sAhitya kI sImA se bahirbhUta kara diyA gayA to tulasIdAsa kA rAmacaritamAnasa bhI sAhitya kSetra meM avivecya ho jaayegaa| lagabhaga dasavIM zatI ke pUrva kI bhASA meM apabhraMza ke tattva adhika milate haiM / yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| ise candradhara zarmA gulerI aura rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne purAnI hindI kahakara usake mahattva ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai| hindI kA paravartI sAhitya apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya se kramazaH vikasita huA hai| usameM prayukta dezI zabda hI vastutaH purAnI hindI kA rUpa hai| svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta ke apabhraMza granthoM meM yaha rUpa baDI AsAnI se dekhA jA sakatA hai| ataH ise hama do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - pahalA apabhraMza bahula hindI kAla aura dUsarA prArambhika hindI kAla / svayaMbhU apabhraMza ko 'desI bhAsA' kI saMjJA dI hai| isase hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza aura dezI bhASA ke mahattva ko vizeSa rUpa se samajhA jA sakatA hai| uttarakAlIna kavi lakSmaNadeva ne NemiNAhacariGa meM 'Nau sakkaDa pAua desa bhAsA' kahakara isI svarUpa ko 'avahaTTa aura desila vaanA' kI saMjJA dI hai / rudraTa, rAjazekhara Adi kaviyoM ne bhI apabhraMza ko bhASA ke vibhedoM meM ginA hai| ataH isa kAla ko hindI kA AdikAla kahA jA sakatA hai| isake bAvajUda vyAvahArika dRSTi se hama AdikAla ko lagabhaga 11vIM zatI se 14vIM zatI taka mAnate haiM; 7vIM zatI se 10vIM zatI taka kA kAla usakI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi AdikAla saMskRta aura prAkRta - apabhraMza kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| gupta sAmrAjya ke patana ke bAda bANa aura zrI harSa taka kAnyakubja saMskRta kA pradhAna kendra rhaa| isI taraha mAnyakheTa,

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74 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mAhiSmatI, paTTaNa, dhArA, kAzI, lakSmaNavatI Adi nagara bhI isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| kannoja kA rAjavaMza, siMdha rAjavaMza, kAbula aura paMjAba kI rAjazaktiyAM, kazmIra kI rAjanItika paramparA, ujjayinI kA paramAravaMza, tripurI kA kalacurI vaMza, zakambharI aura dillI ke cauhAna, jejAka mukti ke candela, islAmI saMskRti kA praveza, islAmI AkramaNoM kI bhayaMkaratA aura rAjapUta zAsana ne isa AdikAla ko bahuta prabhAvita kiyaa| brAhmaNavAda aura jAtivAda se trasta janasamAja meM zramaNa vicAradhArA dvArA poSita AdhyAtmika cetanA ne nUtana cittavRttiyoM ko janma diyA aura sAmAjika vizrRMkhalatA se bacane ke dUragAmI upAya jainAcAryoM ne kiye| aspRzyatA, dAsa prathA, majahabI atyAcAra, nArI kI giratI huI sthiti Adi ke virodha meM unhoMne khulakara apanA svara teja kiyaa| sUphiyoM aura kalandaroM ke prabhAva se udbhUta islAma ke udAra rUpa ne bhI unakA sahayoga kiyaa| isa kAla meM saMskRta sAhitya pANDitya pradarzana tathA zAstrIya vAdavivAda ke pacar3e meM par3a gyaa| vahAM bhAvapakSa kI apekSA kalApakSa para adhika jora diyA gyaa| ise hrAsonmukha kAla kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| uttarakAla meM isakA koI vikAsa nahIM ho skaa| sthApatya kalA meM zrRMgAra aura alaMkaraNa kI pravRtti isa kAla meM adhika pAI jAtI hai| vahAM sAmAnyataH nAgarazailI kA sambandha adhika rahA hai| bhakti tattvoM kA bhI acchA vikAsa huA hai| bhakti AndolanoM se jaina samAja bhI aprabhAvita nahIM raha skaa| tAntrika dhArA ne bhI usameM apanA praveza pA liyA jisa para jaina muniyoM ne apanI tIkhI pratikriyA bhI vyakta kii| pAhuDa dohA, yogasAra, paramAtma prakAza, vairAgyasAra,

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 75 AnandA, sAvaya dhammadohA Adi racanAoM meM isa pratikriyA ke darzana hote hI haiN| nAtha sampradAya, sUphI sAdhanA, zaivadhArA, vaiSNavadhArA, AlavArayuga Adi meM Aye bhakti AndolanoM ne bhI jainadharma aura sAhitya ko bhalIbhAMti prabhAvita kiyaa| AdikAla kA apabhraMza bahula prArambhika sAhitya prAkRta ke hI uttaravartI vikasita rUpa apabhraMza ne to hindI sAhitya ko sarvAdhika prabhAvita kiyA hai| svayaMbhU (7-8vIM zatI) kA paumacariu aura riTThaNemicariu, dhavala (10-11vIM zatI) aura yazaHkIrti ke harivaMzapurANa, puSpadanta (10vIM zatI) tisaTThi-purisa guNAlaMkAru (mahApurANa), jasaharacariu, NAyakumAra cariu, dhanapAla dhakkaDa (10vIM zatI) kA bhavisayatta kahA, kanakAmara (10vIM zatI) kA karakaNDacariu, dhAhila (10vIM zatI) kA paumasiricariu, harideva kA mayaNaparAjaya, abdula rahamAna kA saMdesarAsaka, rAmasiMha kA pAhuDa dohA, devasena kA sAvayadhammadohA Adi saikaDoM grantha apabhraMza meM likhe gaye haiM jinhoMne hindI ke AdikAla aura madhyakAla ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| unakI sahaja-sarala bhASA, svAbhAvika varNana aura sAMskRtika dharAtala para vyAkhyAyita dArzanika siddhAntoM ne hindI jaina sAhitya kI samagra kRtiyoM para apanI amiTa chApa choDI hai| bhASika parivartana bhI ina granthoM meM sahajatA pUrvaka dekhA jA sakatA hai| hindI ke vikAsakI yaha Adya kaDI hai| ___ apabhraMza kA kSetra bar3A vistRta hai| use hama pUrvI, pazcimI uttarI aura dakSiNI apabhraMza meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| pUrvI apabhraMza se

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76 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA hI baMgalA, uDiyA, bhojapurI, maithilI, avadhI chattIsagaDhI, vaghelI Adi bhASAyeM nikalI haiM aura pazcimI apabhraMza se rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, bundelI Adi bhASAyeM udbhUta huI haiN| donoM ke mUla meM zaurasenI prAkRta rahI hai| zaurasenI prAkRta se zaurasenI apabhraMza aura isase eka ora hindI kI boliyAM vrajabhASA, khar3I bolI, bundelI tathA dUsarI ora usake eka prAdezika rUpa nAgara yA mahArASTrI apabhraMza se gujarAtI aura pazcimI rAjasthAnI kA vikAsa huA hai| apabhraMza kaviyoM kI bhASA hindI ke AdikAla kI ora jhukatI huI dikhAI detI hai| hemacandra taka Ate-Ate yaha pravRtti aura adhika parilakSita hone lagatI hai| udAharaNataH - bhallA huA jo mAriA, bahiNi mhArA kNtu| lajjejjantu vayaMsiya hu, jai bhagga dharu eMtu / / hindI ke AdikAla ko adhikAMza rUpa meM jaina kaviyoM ne samRddha kiyA hai| inameM gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kaviyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| yahAM hama apabhraMza kaviyoM ko choDakara gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI hindI jaina sAhityakAroM kA vizeSa ullekha kara rahe haiN| unakA samaya sAdhAraNataH 13-14vIM zatI ke bIca hotA hai| isa yuga meM kAvya aura rAsA sAhitya hI adhika milatA hai| isalie yahAM hama pravRttigata ullekha na kara AcArya krama se usakA vivaraNa prastuta kara rahe haiN| 11-12vIM zatI kA sAhitya apabhraMza mUlaka hai| isalie use yahAM vistArabhaya se choDA jA rahA hai|

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 77 13vIM zatI ke hindI jaina kavi abhayadeva sUri - navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadeva (saM. 1139) kA 'jayati-humaNastotra' tathA dvitIya abhayadeva kA 'jayantavijaya kAvya' (saM. 1285) prasiddha hai| Asiga (saM. 1257) - ApakI tIna racanAyeM milatI haiM - jIvadayArAsa, (53 gA.) candanavAlA rAsa (35 padya) aura zAntinAtha raas| inakI bhASA kA udAharaNa hai - "ke nara sAli dAli bhujaMtA, dhimadhalahalu majjhe vilhNtaa'| zrAvaka jagaDU (13-14vIM zatI) - kharataragacchIya AcArya jinezvara sUri ke ziSya the| ApakI racanA samyaktva mAi caupai (64 padya) upalabdha hai| isakI bhASA kA udAharaNa dekheM - "samakita viNu jo kriyA karei, tAlailohi nIrU ghaalei'| jinezvara sUri (saM. 1207) - Apa jinapati ke paTTadhara the| ApakI cAra racanAyeM upalabdha haiM - 1) mahAvIra janmAbhiSeka (14 padya) 2) zrIvAsu pUjya bolikA, 3) carcarI, aura 4) zAntinAtha bolii| anya pramukha AdikAlIna hindI jaina kavi isa prakAra haiM - jayamaMgalasUri (13vIM zatI) - mahAvIra janmAbhiSeka / jayadevagaNi (13vIM zatI) - 'bhAvanA saMdhi' kaavy| delahaNu - gayasukumAlarAsa (34 padya) - saM. 1300 / dharmasUri - jambUsvAmIcarita (41 padya) - saM. 1266, sthUlibhadrarAsa (47 pdy)| subhadrAsatI catuSpadikA (42 padya), mayaNarehArAsa (36 pdy)| nemicandra bhaNDArI - SaSTizataka (160 gAthA, prAkRta) guruguNavarNana (35 pdy)| pRthvIcandra - mAtRkA

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78 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA prathamAkSara dohA (58 dohe) (saM. 1265), (rsvilaas)| pAlhaNa - AbUrAsa (neminAtha rAso) - 50 padya (saM. 1289) / puNyasAgara - zrI jinacandrasUri aSTakam (saM. 1205), bhattau - zrImajjinapati sUrINAM gItam (20 dvipadikAyeM) - 13vIM shtii| yazaHkIrti (prathama) - jagatsundarI prayogamAlA - (13vIM zatI) / ratnaprabha sUri - 'antaraMga sandhi' kAvya (saM. 1227) - 37 kulk| zAharayaNa - jinapati sUri dhavalagIta (saM. 1277) / zrAvaka lakhaNa - jinacandrasUri kAvyASTakam (13vIM shtii)| paMDita lAkhU - jiNadattacariu (saM. 1275) / zrAvakalakhamasI - jinacandrasUri varNanArAsa (saM. 1371) / lakkhaNa - aNuvayarayaNa paIu (saM. 1313) / lAkhabhadeva - NemiNAhacariu (saM. 1510) / varadatta - vaira saamicritr| varjasena sUri - bharatezvara bAhubali ghora (45 padya) - saM. 1235 / vAdidevasUri - municandra guru stRti (25 padya) (saM. 1200) / pramANanayatattva lokaalNkaar| vijayasena sUri - revaMtagirirAsa (saM. 1287) - (72 padya) (khnnddkaavy)| udayaprabhasUri - saMghapaticarita dhrmaabhyudy| vIraprabha - cndrprbhklsh| zAlibhadra - bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa (saM. 1241) - 203 padya buddhirAsa, hitazikSAprabuddharAsa / sirimA mahattarA - jinapati sUri badhAmaNA gIta (saM. 1233) 20 gaathaa| sumatigaNi - nemirAsa - 57 padya (saM. 1267 gaNadhara sArdhazatakavRhad vRtti| suprabhAcArya - vairAgyasAra (77 padya) (13vIM shtii)| somaprabha - kumArapAlapratibodha (saM. 1251) / sUktimuktAvalI (sindUra prkrnn)| sumatinAtha critr| zatArtha kAvya - haribhadrasUri - NeminAhacariu (saM. 1216) / harideva - mayaNaparAjaya cariu (13vIM shtii)| ajJAtakavi

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ kartRka racanAyeM - gurugaNa SaTpaTa (saM. 1278 ) / jiNadattasUristuti (saM. 1211 ) / 14vIM zatI ke hindI jaina kavi abhayatilaka gaNi - mahAvIra rAsa (saM. 1307) 21 padya / 36 pdy| amaraprabhasUri tIrthamAlastavana (saM. 1323) Anandatilaka - ANaMdA ( 14vIM zatI) / ambadevasUri - samarAdAsa (saM. 1371) / udayakaraNa kayalavADa pArzvastotra ( 14vIM zatI) / jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha stotra / phalabarddhi pArzvanAtha stotra / udayadharma - uvaesa mAla kahANaya chappaya (81 chappayachaMda) (14vIM zatI) / guNAkarasUri - zrAvaka vidhi rAsa (saM. 1371) / ghelha - cauvIsa gIta (saM. 1371) / cAritragaNi - jinacandra sUri reluA (9 gA) (14vIM zatI) / chalhu - kSetrapAla dvipadikA (saM. 1425 ) ( 8 gA. ) / pahADiyA rAga, prabhAtika nAmAvali / GING - 79 jayadeva muni - bhAvanA saMdhi prakaraNa (14vIM zatI) - 6 kaDavaka / jayadharma - jinakusala sUri reluA ( 10 gA.) / dharmacarcarI, sAlibhadraseluA, thuulibhdrvrnnnaabolii| jinakuzalasUri - caityavandanA kulakavRtti (14vIM zatI) / jinacandrasUri catuHsaptatikA, phalaudhI pArzvastotra, siddhakSetra Adi jina stavana aura bhI aneka stotra / jinapadmasUri - thUlibhaddaphAgu (27 padya) - 14vIM zatI / zrI zatruMjaya caturviMzati stavana | jinaprabhasUri padmAvatI caupAI (37 padya ) lagabhaga 700 saMskRta stavana vividhatIrtha kalpapradIpa / devacandrasUri - rAvaNa pArzvanAtha vinatI ( 9 gA. ) ( 14vIM zatI) / dharmakalaza - 1 -

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80 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jinakuzala sUripaTTAbhiSekarAsa (saM. 1377) / dharmasUri - samedazikharatIrtha namaskAra (14vIM shtii)| dhArisiMha - zrIneminAtha dhula (71 chnd)| padma - neminAtha phAgu (saM. 1370) sAlIbhadrakakka, duuhaamaatRkaa| padmaratna - jinaprabodha sUrivarNana (10 gaa.)| prajJAtilaka - kacchulIrAsa (saM. 1363) / pheru (Thakkura) - zrI yugapradhAna catuSpadikA (28 gaa.)| mahezvarasUri - saMyamamaMjarI (35 dohe) (saM. 1365) / merutuMga - prabandha cintAmaNi (saM. 1361) / modamadira - caturviMzati jinacatuSpadikA (27 chnd)| maMDalika - pethar3a rAsa (65 padya) (saM. 1360) / ralha - jiNadattacaritra (saM. 1354) / munirAjatilaka - zAlibhadrarAsa (35 padya) - saM. 1332 / rAjakIrti - cauvIsa jina stavana (25 gaa.)| rAjaballabha - thUlibhaddaphAga (saM. 1340) / rAmabhadra - zAntinAthakalaza (10 gaa.)| zrAvaka lakhamasI - jinacandrasUrivarNanArAsa (saM. 1341) / lAkhama (lakSmaNadeva) - NemiNAhacariu (saM. 1510) / lakSmItilaka upAdhyAya - pratyeka buddhacaritra (10130 padya) - saM. 1311 / zrAvaka dharmaprakaraNa bRhadvRtti (15131 padya) (saM. 1317) / zAntidevarAsa (saM. 1313) / vastiga - vIsa viharamAnarAsa (saM. 1462) cihuMgati cupii| vinayacandrasUri - neminAthacatuSpAdikA (40 pdy)| bAravratarAsa (53 padya), AnaMda prathamopAsaka sNdhi| vIraprabha - zrI candraprabha kalaza (16 gaathaa)| zrIdhara - bhaviSyadattakathA, candraprabhacarita, vaDDhamANacariu, zAntijinacarita / zAntibhadra - caturviMzatinamaskAra (14vIM shtii)| zAntisUri - sImandhara stavana (8 gaa.)| sahaja jJAna - zrI jinacandrasUri vivaahlu| sAramUrti - jinapadmasUri paTTAbhiSeka (saM. 1390) / somamUrti - zrI jinezvara

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81 AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ sUri saMyama zrI vivAha varNanArAsa (33 pdy)| jinaprabodha sUri carcarI (16 gaa.)| jinaprabodhasUri bolikA (12 gaa.)| solaNu - carcarikA (38 pdy)| hemabhUSaNagaNi - yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri carcarI (saM. 1341) (25 pdy)| ajJAtakartRka racanAyeM - jinacandrasUri phAgu (saM. 1341), zrI jiNacaMda sUri catuSpadI (10 gA.), saptakSatrI rAsa (saM. 1327) 119 padya, bArahavrata caupAI, staMbhatIrtha ajita stavana (25 gA.), anAthI kulaka (36 kddii)| dhanA saMdhi (61 gAthA), kesI goyama saMdhi, anAthI muni caupAI (63 gaa.)| AnaMda saMdhi, hematilakasUri saMdhi, yugavara guru stuti (gA. 6) / aMtaraMgarAsa (67 kaDI), karmagati caupaaii| ratnazekhararAsa (268 padya), mAtRkA caupai (64 chnd)| AdikAlIna kaviyoM ke isa saMkSipta vivaraNa ko dekhane para hamArA dhyAna isa kAla kI vividha vidhAoM kI ora khiMca jAtA hai jinakA prayoga ina kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| ina kAvya rUpa vidhAoM meM rAsA, caupai, carcarI, phAgu, rUpaka, vivAhalau, reluA Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| rAsA - rAsA kA sambandha rAsa, rAsA, rAsu, rAso Adi zabdoM se rahA hai jo rAsaka zabda ke hI parivartita aura vikasita rUpa haiN| rAsaka kA sambandha nRtya, chanda athavA kAvya vizeSa se hai| ye rAsa tAliyoM yA DaMDiyoM kI laya evaM dhUmara ke sAtha vizeSa utsavoM para jaina mandiroM meM khele jAte the| yaha paramparA apabhraMza se maru gurjara meM aaii| vijayasena sUrikRta revaMtagiri rAsa (saM. 1287) kI paMkti "raMgii ramai je rAsu' yA prajJAtilaka kRta "kacchulI rAsa' kI paMkti 'jiNahari daMta suNaMta,

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82 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA manavaMchi puravau' isake samarthaka pramANa haiN| isameM maNDalAkAra nRtya tathA padagAna kiyA jAtA hai| rAsa, rAsaka yA rAsA nAma se chanda bhI milatA hai| pazcimI bhArata meM yaha vidhA adhika prasiddha thii| isakA mukhya viSaya hai tIrthaMkara, sAdhu-sAdhvI yA zrAvaka kA carita gAna jisane apane tyAga-tapasyA se lokajIvana ko prabhAvita kiyA ho| Asima kA jIvadayA rAsa, delhaNa kA gaya sukumAla rAsa, dharma kA mayaNarehArAsa, pAlhaNa kA AbUrAsa, vijayasena sUri kA revaMtagirirAsa, zAlibhadrasUri kA bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa, sumatigaNi kA nemirAsa vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| inameM zAlibhadrasUri hI nahIM balki ye sabhI AcArya hindI ke AdikAlIna kavi ke rUpa meM svIkArya honA caahie| caupai - caupai chanda meM racita prabandha racanA ko caupaI yA cauMpAI kahA jAtA hai| ise catuSpAdikA bhI kahate haiN| jagaDU kI samyaktvamAi caupAi, jayamaMgalasUri kI mahA. janmAbhiSeka caupAI, dharmasUri kI subhadrAsatI catuSpAdikA, pheru kI yuga pradhAna catuSpapAdikA vinayacandra kRta neminAtha catuSpAdikA aura vijayabhadrakRta haMsarAja vaccharAja caupai aisI hI racanAeM haiN| carcarI - rAsa ke samAna carcarI bhI nRtya-gIta paraka kAvya hai| ise tAlanRtya ke sAtha vizeSa utsavoM para gAyA jAtA thaa| jinadatta sUri kRta carcarI, solaNukRta carcarI vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| phAgu, beli, bArahamAsA aura vivAhalo sAhitya -phAgu kA sambandha vasantAgamana se hai| jaina phAgu kA paryavasAna zama meM hI hotA hai| isameM kavi atyanta bhakti vibhora aura AdhyAtmika santa-sA dikhAI detA hai| isameM kavi tIrthaMkara yA AcArya ke prati samarpita hokara

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83 AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ bhaktirasa ko ur3elatA hai| jinapadmakRta sthUlibhadraphAgu, rAjazekhara sUrikRta neminAtha phAguAdi racanAyeM udAharaNIya haiN| RtuoM se saMbaMdhita sAhityika vidhAoM meM dhamAla, bArahamAsA, holI Adi bhI kAphI lokapriya rahe haiN| inameM bArahamAsA vizeSa lokapriya rahe haiN| pAlhaNa aura vinayacandra ke neminAtha bArahamAsA bahuta prasiddha haiN| isameM kavi apane zraddhAspada deva yA AcArya ke bArahamAsoM kI dinacaryA kA yathAvat AkhyAna karatA hai| vivAhalo meM sAdhaka kavi apane bhakti bhAva ko pirokara caritanAyakoM ke vivAha prasaMgoM kA varNana karatA hai| ise maMgala, beli, saMyamazrI, dhavala Adi nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| somamUrtigaNi kRta jinezvara sUri saMyamazrI varNanArAsa, merunandanakRta jinodaya sUri vivAhalau, jinapati sUri dhavala, jayazekhara kRta neminAtha dhavala isake udAharaNa haiN| jinacandrasUri vivAhalau eka rUpaka kAvya hai| mahezvarasUri kI 'saMyama maMjarI' racanA bhI isI vidhA meM samAgata hai| kAvyarUpa apabhraMza kI kAvyavidyA AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya meM aneka rUpoM meM pravAhita huI hai| carita, AkhyAna, saMdhi, lAvaNI Adi sabhI kucha isI ke aMga haiN| prabandha kAvyoM ko chanda, prabandha, rAsa-rAso, cariu Adi kahA gayA hai| samarArAsa, pethar3a-rAsa, vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa, vastutaH prabandha kAvya haiN| gaNapatikRta mAdhavAnala, jayazekharasUrikRta tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha lAkha kA jiNadattacariu, varadatta kA vairasAmicaritra haribhadrasUri kA neminAhacariu, harideva kA mayaNaparAjayacariu aisI hI AdikAlIna racanAyeM haiN|

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84 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA saMdhi bhI AkAra-prakAra meM prabandhakAvya meM laghu rUpa hI haiN| ratnaprabhakRta aMtaraMgarAsa (saM. 1237), jinaprabhasUrikRta mayaNarehAsaMdhi, anAthI saMdhi, jIvAnuzAsti saMdhi, jayadeva gaNi kI bhAvanA saMdhi isa vidhA kI ullekhanIya racanAyeM haiN| isI taraha mAtRkA bhI eka prakAra kA kAvya rUpa hai jo bAraha khaDI para AdhArita hai| chadma kI dUhAmAtRkA aisI hI racanA hai| unhIM kI eka aura racanA hai jo sAlIbhadrakakka ke nAma se vizruta hai| yaha kakka zailI mAtRkA jaisI hI hai| isameM bhI 'a' se calakara 'kSa' para racanA samApta hotI hai| reluA nAma kI racanAyeM bhI aisI hI haiN| cAritragaNi kI jinacandrasUri reluA, jayadharma kI jinakuzalasUri reluA isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya haiN| 14vIM zatI kI reluA saMjJaka kucha anya racanAyeM bhI haiM - jinakuzala sUri reluA, sAlibhadra reluA, gurAvalI reluA aadi| stavana, prakaraNa, gIta, stotra, chappaya Adi bhI kAvya vidhAyeM yahAM dRSTavya haiN| bhASAdarzana apabhraMza se avahaTTa hotI huI vividha sIDhiyoM ko pAra karatI huI hindI bhASA maru-gurjara, maithilI, avadhI, bundelI Adi rUpoM meM dikhAI detI hai| yahAM apabhraMza kA prabhAva adhika honA svAbhAvika hai| udAharaNArtha ukAra bahula pravRtti dekhie - banate bana chipatau phirau gavhara vanahaM nikuNj| bhadhakhau bhojana mAMgibA bovali Avau muMja / / (bhojanaprabandha) 'hi' aura 'hiM' vibhakti kA prayoga sabhI kArakoM meM hone lagA

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ jaise "jinavara svAmI mugatihiM gAmI siddhinayara maMuNo (brahma jinadAsa) / chanda saukarma ke lie svaroM ko laghu yA dIrgha karane ke sAtha hI paravartI varNoM ko dvitva karake pUrvavartI laghu svara ko dIrgha karane kI prathA bhI cala paDI thii| jaise bhakhai, rakhai ke sthAna para bhakkhai, rakkhai Adi / stavayadhammadohA meM purAnI hindI kA rUpa dekhie - sahu dhamma jo Ayarai cau vaNA maha koI / so NaraNArI bhavvayaNa suraiya patvaha soi / / isI taraha yogasAra ke dohe ko dekhie so sivasaMkara viNahuso, so ruddavi so buddhA / so jiNa IsarU baMbhu so, so anaMtu so siddhA / / 85 - zAha rayaNa ke jinapati sUri dhavala gItam (saM. 1278 ) kI bhASA meM saralatA dekhie - vIra jiNesara namai suresara tasa maha paNamiya paya kamale / yugapati jinapati sUri guNa gAiso bhakti bhara harasihi mana ramale / AdikAlIna hindI jaina kaviyo dvArA likhita sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana karane para yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa kAla meM unakA hI sAhitya likhita rUpa meM adhika milatA hai| apabhraMza kI kathAnaka rUDhiyAM, bhASika pravRttiyAM aura kAvya vidhAyeM yahAM bhalIbhAMti vikasita huI haiN| yahIM se saMkramita hokara ina pravRttiyoM ne madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ko bhI behada prabhAvita kiyA hai| viSaya, bhASA zailI aura paramparA kA anusaraNa kara unhoMne AdhyAtmika aura bhakti mUlaka racanAyeM likhiiN| ina racanAoM meM unhoMne AdikAlIna kAvya zailiyoM aura kAvya rUDhiyoM kA bhI bharasaka prayoga kiyaa| vastutaH samUcA hindI

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86 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jaina sAhitya apabhraMza sAhitya kI rUDhiyoM para likhA gayA hai| hindI jainAcAryo kA AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM niHsandeha mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| isakA sahI mUlyAMkana abhI bhI apekSita hai| hindI jaina gIti kAvya paraMparA jaisA hama pahale likha cuke haiM, AdikAla kA kAla nirdhAraNa aura usakI prAmANika racanAeM eka vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| jArja griyarsana se lekara gaNapati candra gupta taka isa vivAda ne aneka mudde banAye para unakA samAdhAna eka mata se kahIM nahI ho paayaa| jArja griyarsana ne cAraNakAla (700-1300 I.) kI saMjJA dekara usake jina nau kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM candavaradAyI ko chor3akara zeSa kaviyoM kI racanAyeM hI upalabdha nahIM hotI / isake bAda mizrabandhuoM ne "mizra bandhu vinoda" ke prathama saMskaraNa meM isa kAla ko Arambhika kAla (saM. 700-1444) kaha kara usameM 19 kaviyoM ko sthAna diyA hai| para una para manthana hone ke bAda adhikAMza kavi prAmANikatA kI sImA se bAhara ho jAte haiN| AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne hindI jaina kAvyoM ko koI sthAna nahIM diyaa| DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne hindI sAhitya ke prArambhika kAla ko do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai- saMdhikAla (saM. 7501200) evaM cAraNakAla (1000-1375 saM.) / isameM jaina sAhitya ko samAhita karane kA prayatna huA hai| unhoMne use do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai (hindI sAhitya, pRSTa 15) / - sAhityika apabhraMza racanAeM, aura (2) apabhraMza paravartI loka bhASA yA prArambhika hindI rcnaaeN| prathama varga meM svayaMbhUdeva, devasena, puSpadaMta, dhanapAla, muni rAmasiMha,

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 87 abhayadeva sUri, candramuni,kanakAmara muni, nayanandi, jinadata sUri, yogacandra, hemacandra, haribhadrasUri, somaprabha sUri, merutuMga Adi kaviyoM kI racanAeM AtI hai aura dvitIya varga meM zAlibhadra sUri, jinapadma sUri, vinayacandra sUri, dharmasUri, vijayasena sUri, ambadeva sUri, rAjazekhara sUri, Adi kaviyoM kI racanAoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| ina kaviyoM kA kAla 8 vIM zadI se 14 vIM zadI taka AtA hai| DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne bhI 'hindI sAhitya ke AdikAla' meM jaina, siddha evaM nAtha sAhitya ko sthAna denA ucita nahIM smjhaa| phira bhI unhoMne hindI ko apabhraMza sAhitya se abhinna mAnA hai| hindI sAhitya ke vaijJAnika itihAsa meM isa saMdarbha meM kucha prayAsa avazya huA hai para usameM bhI kucha uttama koTi kI racanAeM raha gaI hai| agara canda nAhaTAne "prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paraMparA meM AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya kI paravartI racanAoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| idhara isa kAla kI vividha vidhAoM para svatantra rUpa se bhI kAphI kAma huA hai| govinda, rajanIza, narendra bhAnAvata, mahendrasAgara pracaNDiyA, puruSottama menAriyA, zambhUnAtha pANDeya, bholAzaMkara vyAsa, vAsudeva siMha, puruSottama prasAda AsoyA, rAmagopAla zarmA 'dineza' paramAnanda zAstrI, gaNapaticandra gupta, DaoN. harIza Adi vidvAnoM ke kArya isa saMdarbha meM ullekhanIya haiN| gaNapati candra gupta ne "AdikAla kI prAmANika racanAeM'' pustaka meM isa kAla ke hindI jaina sAhitya ko acche DhaMga se samAyojita kiyA hai| yahAM hama ina sabhI vidvAnoM dvArA ullikhita racanAoM ke AdhAra para hindI kI AdikAlIna pramukha jaina kRtiyoM para saMkSipta prakAza DAla

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88 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA rahe haiN| isa saMdarbha meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki svayaMbhU, puSpadanta Adi apabhraMza kaviyoM ke graMthoM ko bhI hamane isa kAla meM sameTA hai| yaha isalie ki isa kAla meM lokabhASA ke pracalita tattva ina granthoM meM yatratatra ubhara Aye haiN| isI kAla ke dvitIya bhAga meM ye tattva Adhunika hindI ke kAphI najadIka Ate dikhAI dete haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne ise avahaTTa kA rUpa kahA hai aura kucha ne dezI bhASA kaa| hama ise AdikAlIna hI kahanA upayukta samajhate haiN| bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se yadyapi apabhraMza aura hindI ko pRthak-pRthak mAnA jAtA hai aura mAnA jAnA caahiye| para cUMki hindI kI saMracanA meM apabhraMza kAla meM pracalita dezI bhASA ke tattvoM ne vizeSa yogadAna diyA hai jo apabhraMza sAhitya meM parilakSita hotA hai, isalie hamane AdikAla kI sImA ko svayaMbhU se prArambha karane kA sujhAva diyA hai| vaise hindI kA yaha AdikAla sahI rUpa meM muni zAlibhadrasUri se prArambha hotA hai jinhoMne bharatezvara bAhubalI rAsa (vi. saM. 1241 san 1184) likhA hai| yaha racanA isa saMdarbha meM asaMdigdha rUpa se prathama mAnI jA sakatI hai| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne vajrasena sUri viracita bharatezvara bAhubalI ghora ko prathama racanA mAnane kA Agraha kiyA hai / para vaha atyaMta saMkSipta hone ke kAraNa prAtinidhika racanA nahIM kahI jA sktii| DaoN. dineza ne sarahapA ko hindI kA prathamatama kavi prasthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai para apane pakSa meM prastuta tarka to phira svayaMbhU ko prathamatama kavi mAnane ko bAdhya kara dete haiN| yahAM hamane ina donoM matoM ko samAhitakara hindI ke AdikAla ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai prathama apabhraMza bahula hindI kAla aura dUsarA prArambhika hindI kAla / prathama kAla bhAga kA prArambha svayaMbhU se hotA hai aura dUsare ko zAlibhadrasUri se prArambha kiyA hai|

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ svayaMbhU yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya the| ve kosala ke mUla nivAsI the para unakA kArya kSetra mAnyakheTa adhika rahA jahAM ve rASTrakUTa rAjA dhruva (vi.saM. 837-851) ke maMtrI rayaDA dhanaMjaya ke Agraha para phuNce| svayaMbhU ke do grantha upalabdha hote haiM - paumacariu aura riTuNemicariu (harivaMza puraann)| ina donoM ke antima bhAgoM ko ve pUrA nahIM kara ske| unheM pUrA kiyA unake kaniSTha putra tribhuvana svayaMbhU ne| brAhmaNa paramparA meM pale-puse kavi ne jaina paramparA ko svIkArA aura usI ke anurUpa grantha racanA kii| alaukikatA se dUra unake grantha rAma, kRSNa, ariSTanemi jaise mahApuruSoM kI mAnavIya durbalatAoM ko abhivyakta karane meM saMkoca kA anubhava nahIM krte| saMskRta kAvya paramparA se jur3e huye ina alaMkRta kAvyoM meM sabhI rasoM kA samAna pravAha huA hai| ina kAvyoM kI bhASA meM loka bhASA kA bhI prayoga kAphI huA hai| seharu, dhavadhavaMti, gholai, bhiDiya, khalai, balai, guMjA, Adi jaise zabda prArambhika hindI kI ora yAtrA karate hue pratIta hote haiN| udAharaNataHto bhiDiya paropparu rnnkusl| viNNi viNava-NAya sahAsa bl| viNNi vi giri tuNg-siNg-sihr| viNNi vi jl-hr-khghir-gir|| (harivaMzapurANa) svayaMbhU ke bAda puSpadaMta apabhraMza bhASA ke dvitIya kavi huye| ve mUlataH vraja yA yaudheya (dillI) ke Asa pAsa ke nivAsI kAzyapagotrIya brAhmaNa aura zaivadharma ke upAsaka the| para bAda meM jainadharma ke anuyAyI ho gye| inheM bhI mAnyakheTa rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNa tRtIya (saM. 996-1025) ke maMtrI bharata aura usake putra nanna kA Azraya milA thaa| prakRti se svAbhimAnI hone ke kAraNa ve ApattiyoM ke zikAra adhika rhe| saMskRta kAvya paramparA se prabhAvita hone ke

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90 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kAraNa DaoN. bhayANI ne inheM saMskRta kA bhavabhUti kahA hai| kavi kI viziSTa racanAeM tIna haiN| (1) tisaTThi mahApurisa guNAlaMkAra (mahApurANa), (2) NAyakumAra cariu, aura (3) jasahara criu| mahApurANa meM 63 zalAkA mahApuruSoM kA caritra citraNa hai| svayaMbhU ne vimalasUri kI paramparA kA poSaNa kiyA to puSpadaMta ne guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa kI paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyaa| varNana ke saMdarbha meM una para trivikrama bhaTTa kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| NAyakumAra cariu meM zrutapaMcamI ke mAhAtmya ko spaSTa karate huye magadha rAjakumAra nAgakumAra kI kathA nibaddha hai| tRtIya graMtha jasaharacariu prasiddha yazodhara kathA kA AkhyAna karatA hai| vArNika aura mAtrika donoM taraha ke chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| bhASA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se adholikhita kaDavaka dekhie| jalu galai, jhala, jhalai / dari bharai, sari sri| taDayaDai, taDi paDai, giri phuDai, siha nnii|| maru calai, taru dhuli| jalu thaluvi goulu vi| girurasiu, bhaya tsiu|thr harai, kirbhri| (mahApurANa) isake bAda muni kanakAmara (1122 saM.) kA karakaMDa cariu, nayanaMdi (saM. 1150) kA sudaMsaNa cariu, dhakkar3avaMzIya dhanapAla kI bhavisayatta kahA, dhAhila kA paumasiri cariu, haribhadra sUri kA NemiNAha cariu, yazaH kIrti kA candappahacariu Adi jaise kathA aura carita kAvyoM meM hindI ke vikAsa kA itihAsa chipA huA hai| ina kathA carita kAvyoM meM jainAcAryo ne vyakti ke sahaja vikAsa kI prastuta kiyA hai aura kAlpanikatA se dUra haTakara pragativAdI tathA mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoNa apanAyA hai|

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ adhyAtmavAdI kaviyoM meM dasavIM zatAbdI ke devasena aura joindu tathA rAmasiMha ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| devaseMna kA sAvaya dhamma dohA zrAvakoM ke liye nItiparaka upadeza prastuta karatA hai| joindu ke paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra meM sarala bhASA meM saMsArI AtmA ko paramAtmapada prApti kA mArga batAyA gayA hai / rAmasiMha ne pAhur3a dohA meM samyagdarzana - jJAna - caritra ke vyAvahArika svarUpa ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| ina tInoM AcAryoM ke granthoM kI bhASA hindI ke AdikAla kI ora jhukatI huI dikhAyI detI hai| hemacandra (10881172 I.) taka Ate-Ate yaha pravRtti aura adhika parilakSita hone lagatI hai - bhallA huA jo mAriA, bahiNi mhArA kaMtu / lajjejjantu vayaMsiyahu, jai bhagga dharu eMtu / / 91 hindI ke AdikAla ko adhikAMza rUpa meM jaina kaviyoM ne samRddha kiyA hai| inameM gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kaviyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| AdikAla ke prathama hindI kavi ke rUpa meM bharatezvara bAhubalI ke racayitA (saM. 1241) zAlibhadra sUri ko svIkAra kiyA jAne lagA hai| yaha racanA pazcimI rAjasthAnI kI hai jisameM prAcIna hindI kA rUpa udghATita huA hai| isameM 203 chanda haiN| kathA kA vibhAjana vasatu, ThavaNi, dhaula, troTaka meM kiyA gayA hai| nATakIya saMvAda sarasa, sarala aura prabhAvaka hai / bhASA kI saralatA udAharaNIya hai - candra cUDa vijjAhara rAu, tiNi vAtaiM mani vihIya visAu / hA kula maNDaNa hA kRlavIra, hA samaraMgaNi sAhasa dhIra / / ThavaNi 13 / / jinadatta sUri ke carcarI upadeza, rasAvanarAsa aura kAla svarUpa

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kulakama apabhraMza kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| kavi Asiga kA jIvadayA rAsa (vi. saM. 1257, san 1200) yadyapi AkAra meM choTA hai para prakAra kI dRSTi se upekSaNIya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isameM saMsAra kA sundara citraNa huA hai| inhIM kavi kA candanavAlA rAsa hai jisameM usane nArI kI saMvadenA ko bar3e hI sarasa DhaMga se ukerA hai, abhivyakta kiyA hai / bhASA kI dRSTi se dekhiye - 92 bhuMbhara bholI tA sukumAlA nAu dInhu tasu caMdaNa bAlA / / 21 / / Adho khaMDA tapa kiA, kiva Abhai bahu sukkha nihANu / / 26 / / vijayasena sUri kA revaMtagiri rAsa (vi. saM. 1287, san 1230 ) aitihAsikarAsa hai jisameM revaMtagiri jaina tIrtha yAtrA kA varNana hai| yaha cAra kaDavoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM vastupAla, tejapAla ke saMgha dvArA tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI mUrti pratiSThA kA gItiparaka varNana hai| bhASA prAMjala aura zailI AkarSaka hai| isI taraha sumatigaNi ko neminAtha rAsa (saM. 1295), devendra sUri kA gayasukumAla rAsa (saM. 1300), palhaNa kA AbUrAsa 13 vIM zatI), prajJAtilaka kA kachUlI rAsa (saM. 1363), ambadeva kA samarA rAsu (saM. 1371) zAlibhadra sUri kA paMcapAMDava carita rAsa ( saM 1410), vinayaprabha kA gautama svAmI rAsa (saM. 1412), devaprabha kA kumArapAla rAsa (saM. 1450), Adi kRtiyAM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| isa kAla kI kucha phAgu kRtiyAM bhI isameM sammilita kI jA sakatI haiN| ina phAgu kRtiyoM meM jinapadma kI siri thUlibhadda phAgu (saM. 1390), rAjazekhara sUri kA neminAtha phAgu (saM. 1405), katipaya ajJAta kaviyoM kI jina candra sUri phAgu (saM. 1341), vasanta vilAsa phAgu saM. 1400 ) kA bhI ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai / bhASA kI dRSTi yahAM dekhie kitanA sAmIpya hai

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93 AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ soma maruva dhUva pariNAviya, jAyavi tahi janna taha Aviya / naccai harisiya vajjahiM tUrA, devai tAmba maNoraha pUrA / / gaya sukumAla raas||22|| meru ThAmaha na calai jAva, jAM caMda divAyara / seSunAgu jAM dharai bhUmi jAM sAtaI sAyara / / dhammaha visau jAM jagaha mahI, dhIra nizcala hoe / kUmarau rAyahaM taNau rAsu tAM naMdau loe / / -kumArapAla rAsa apabhraMza ke rUpoM se prabhAvita vaise aneka racanAeM aura haiM para kAnha kI "aMcalagaccha nAyaka guru rAsa" racanA (saM. 1420) dekhie jo apabhraMza se bojhila hai - risaha jiNu namivi guru vayaNa avicala dharI / paMca parameTThi mahamaMtu manidRdu karI / aMcala gacchi gacharAya iNi aNukami / suguru vannesuu gurubhakti madavikkamii // 1 // AdikAla kI isa bhASika aura sAhityika pravRtti ne madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ko behada prabhAvita kiyA / viSaya, bhASA zailI aura paramparA kA anusaraNa kara unhoMne AdhyAtmika aura bhakti mUlaka racanAeM likhiiN| ina racanAoM meM unhoMne AdikAlIna kAvya zailiyoM aura kAvya rUDhiyoM kA bhI bharasaka upayoga kiyaa| hindI ke AkhyAnaka kAvya apabhraMza sAhitya meM graMthita loka kathAoM para khar3e hue haiN| devasena, joindu aura rAmasiMha jaise rahasyavAdI jaina kaviyoM ke prabhAva ko hindI saMta sAhitya para AsAnI se dekhA jA sakatA hai| bhASA, chanda, vidhAna aura kAvya rUpoM kI dRSTi se bhI apabhraMza kAvyagata vasanta Rtu varNana

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA aura prakRti citraNa uttarakAlIna hindI kaviyoM ke lie upajIvaka siddha huye haiN| jAyasI aura tulasI para unakA amiTa prabhAva dRSTavya hai| chandavidhAna, kAvya aura kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM ke kSetra meM yaha prabhAva adhika dekhA jAtA hai| prabhAva hI kyA prAyaH samUcA hindI jaina sAhitya apabhraMza sAhitya kI rUr3hiyoM para likhA gayA hai / AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya meM gIti kAvya paramparA gItikAvya kI eka ajasra paramparA hai, jisakA sambandha bhAvoM kI manorama kalpanA aura unakI sUkSmatama anubhUti se rahA hai| saundarya kI saMzliSTa saMkalpanA aura bhAvapravaNatA kI saritA meM prakRti aura puruSa ko eka svara meM bA~dhane kA jo kAma pragIti kAvya ne kiyA hai, vaha apane Apa meM anUThA hai| kAlidAsa kA 'vicintya gItakSamamarthajAtam' vAkya isI mahattA ko dyotita karatA hai| isameM sat, cit aura Ananda kI abhivyakti, manohArI saMgItAtmaka laya meM hotI hai| isalie geyatA usakA eka viziSTa guNa hai| isa guNa meM bhAvAdratA saMkSiptatA, sahaja antaHpreraNA aura svAbhAvika abhivyakti jaisI vizeSatAe~ bhI saMnnihita rahatI haiN| 94 AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya meM gIti paramparA ko samajhane ke lie hama saMkSepa meM samUce bhAratIya sAhitya para eka dRSTipAta kara leM / kyoMki usakA prabhAva saMskRta-prAkRta jaina kaviyoM para par3A hai aura vahI paramparA hindI jaina kaviyoM ne Akalita kI hai / bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra meM kAvya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM - prabandha kAvya aura muktaka kAvya / prabandha kAvya meM prabandha ko mahattA

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ diye jAne ke kAraNa gItoM ko koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM diyA gayA aura gItikAvya meM bhAvoM kI udAttatA hone para bhI usameM sannihita aikAntikatA use sAmAjika nahIM banA paaii| isameM vaiyaktika anubhUti kI gaharAI kA udghATana hotA hai, isalie prabandha kAvya jaisA sAmAjika aura sAmUhika vyaktittva kA pakSadhara gItikAvya nahIM ho paayaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki gItikAvya kA pracAra apekSAkRta kama rahA hai| 95 gIti yA pragIti kAvya ko muktaka kAvya bhI kahA jAtA hai| muktaka kAvyutpattiparaka tAtparya hai - mucyate'syeti muktam arthAt jo kAvya artha paryavasAna ke lie paramukhApekSI na ho, vaha muktaka kahalAtA hai| tadanusAra yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo kAvya pUrvApara sambandha kI apekSA na rakhatA ho, svayaM meM svataMtra ho tathA pUrNa artha dene meM sakSama ho vaha muktaka kAvya hai / isIlie usakI ye paribhASAe~ kI gaI haiM - muktakaM zloka evaikazcamatkArakSamaH satAm (purANakAra ) muktakaM vAkyAntara - nirapekSo yaH zlokaH (kAvyAdarza) pUrvApara-nirapekSAti yena rasacarvaNA kriyate tatmuktam (abhinava gupta ) vinA kRtaM virahitaM vyavacchinnaM vizeSitaM / bhinnaM syAdatha nirvyUhe muktaM yo vAtizobhanaH / / zabdakalpadruma ina paribhASAoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki muktaka yA pragItikAvya eka ramaNIya sarasa kAvya hai, jisameM jIvanadarzana aura anubhUtiparaka tathyoM kA samAveza rahatA hai| isameM samAsa zailI meM bhAvAbhivyakti hotI hai / zabda aura artha kA jo camatkAra muktaka kAvya meM rahatA hai, vaha prabandha meM nahIM dikhegaa| usakA kSetra bhale hI saMkIrNa ho, para rasAtmakatA aura camatkRti tathA jIvana kI vidhAyaka zakti usameM bejor3a hotI hai /

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA AcArya hemacandra ke kAvyAnuzAsana meM muktaka ke sAta bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai - muktaka, yugmaka, vizeSaka, kalApaka, kulka, koSa aura sNghaat| kucha AcAryo ne pracchadRka aura vikIrNaka ko milAkara yaha saMkhyA 8 kara dI hai| vartamAna meM inameM se kevala muktaka hI prasiddha hai jise pro. zaMbhunAthasiMha ne 6 bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - 1. saMkhyAzrita, 2 . varNamAlAzrita, 3. chandAzrita, 4. rAgAzrita, 5. RtuAzrita aura 6 puujaadhrmaashrit| isa vibhAjana ko paripUrNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| para saMkSepa meM hama ise rasAtmaka, dhArmika, prazasti aura sUkti muktaka ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM / 96 gIti yA muktaka kAvya kI dRSTi se Rgveda kadAcit prAcInatama kAvya hai, jisameM "raso vai sa:' bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| uSas sUkta isakA sarvottama nidarzana hai| isI prakAra atharvaveda ke yuddha gItoM meM bhI gItitattva sahaja hI upalabdha hai| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata tathA kAlidAsa ke sAhitya meM bhI ye tattva pracura mAtrA meM dRSTavya hai / isI vidhA ko hama vAlmIki ke antarmAnasa se udbhUta usa krauMca mithuna kI vyathA ko svAnubhUti meM lA sakate haiM - mA niSAda pratiSThAM tvamagamaH zAzvatI samA / yatkrauMca mithunAdekamavadhI kAmamohitam / / isameM jo 'tantrIlaya samanvitaH' kI dhvani hai vahI gItAtmaka kAvya kI AtmA hai| rasAtmakatA kI dRSTi se yaha suMdara kAvya hai / saMskRta kAvya kI uttarakAlIna paramparA aisI hI kAvya paramparA para AdhArita rahI hai| kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti jaise mahAkaviyoM kI yahI svAnubhUti unake kAvyoM kI AdhArazilA rahI hai| ise saMskRta ke stotrakAvya, nItikAvya, muktaka kAvya Adi vidhAoM meM bhI khojA jA sakatA hai|

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ pAli sAhitya yadyapi gadya aura padya donoM meM upalabdha hai, para usakI padya paramparA pragIta kAvya paramparA kA hI abhinna aMga kahI jA sakatI hai| "suttapiTaka' ke lagabhaga sabhI graMthoM meM yaha paramparA draSTavya hai| udAna, itivRttaka, thera gAthA, therI gAthA, dhammapada aura suttanipAta to haiM hI, sAtha hI dIghanikAya, majjhimanikAya aura saMyuttanikAya meM tathAgata dvArA kathita "udAna vacana' bhI pragItakAvya ke hI aMga haiN| udAna kA artha hI hai - udAnati pItivega samuTThAvito udaahaaro| udAna kA padyabhAga isa prakAra ke prIti ke Avega se samutthita buddha ke vacanoM se bharA huA hai| citta ke parama zAnta, nirvANa, punarjanma, karma, AcAra Adi sandarbho meM ukta ye vacana udAharaNIya haiN| isI taraha jainetara prAkRta-apabhraMza sAhitya meM bhI gIti-paramparA dekhI jA sakatI hai, jaise karpUramaMjarI, sandesa rAsaka, dohAkoza, siddha sAhitya aadi| jaina saMskRta-prAkRta-apabhraMza gIti kAvya paramparA jaina gIti kAvya paramparA upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM prabhUta rUpa se dekhI jA sakatI hai| yahAM hama usake prAkRta, apabhraMza saMskRta aura hindI sAhitya kI ora vizeSa rUpa se jhAMkege aura usake mahattva para prakAza ddaaleNge| sarvaprathama hamArA dhyAna AgamoM meM ullikhita bahattara kalAoM para jAtA hai jahAM gIti ko kalA kA darjA diyA gayA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA (sUtra 99) meM use 25 veM krama para rakhA gayA hai to aupapAtikasUtra kra. 40 meM use pAMcavIM kalA ke rUpa meM pahacAnA gayA hai| rAyapaseNiya sUtra, jambUdvIpa prajJapti, samavAyAMga Adi Agama granthoM meM bhI ullikhita 72 kalAoM meM gIti ko samucita sthAna milA hai| samavAyAMga (sUtra 72) meM to gIta ke sAtha hI gAhA ko bhI kalAoM meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA Adi granthoM meM bhI gAthA ko pRthak kalA ke rUpa meM

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA saMyojita kiyA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki prArambha meM gIti aura gAthA kA pRthak pRthak astitva thaa| para uttara kAla meM ina ke bIca kA antara samApta hotA gayA aura sabhI ko gIti kAvya ke antargata mAnA jAne lgaa| vastutaH prAkRta bhASA meM gItikAvya kA vikAsa chAndas kI muktaka zailI meM huA hai aura Agama meM use pravacana paddhati meM samhArA gayA hai| isake bAda hI prAkRta meM gAhA satasai, vajjAlaggaM, jaise gItikAvya aura bAda meM prAkRta ke rasetara muktaka, kAvyoM kI bhI racanA huii| jaise - vairAgyazataka, vairAgyarasAyana prakaraNa, RSabha paMcAzikA, ajiya saMtithaya aadi| isI taraha saMskRta ke gItikAvyoM meM stotrakAvya aura kaMgArika gItikAvya Ate haiN| saMskRta meM racita lagabhaga sahasra stotra kAvyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se samantabhadra ke svayaMbhUstotra, devAgama stotra, yuktyanuzAsana aura jinazatakAlaMkAra, siddhasena kI dvAtriMzikAeM, pUjyapAda kA bhaktistotra, pAtrakezarI kA pAtrakezarI stotra, vidyAnanda kA pArzvanAtha stotra, dhanaMjaya kA viSApahAra stotra, mAnatuMga kA bhaktAmara stotra, hemacandra kA vItarAgastotra, mahAvIra stotra evaM cArukIrti kA gItavItarAga stotra vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| gItavItarAga stotra kI nimna paMktiyAM dekhie - candanaliptasuvarNazarIrasudhautavasanavaradhIram, mndrshikhrnibhaamlmnniyutsnnutmukuttmudaarm| kathamiha lapsya dvijavara maaninimnmthkeliprm|| induravidvayanibhamaNikuNDalamaNDitagaNDayugezam cndirdlsmnittilviraajitsundrtilksukeshm|| prAkRta sAhitya kA pragIta kAvya merI dRSTi meM uttarAdhyayana se

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ prAraMbha hotA hai| isameM pRthak-pRthak viSaya para pRthak adhyAya likhe gaye haiM jinameM gItAtmakatA, saMkSiptatA aura prabhAvotpAdakatA bhI hai| usake bAda muktaka ke rUpa meM naMdI aura anuyogadvAra kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| ullekhanIya yaha hai ki anuyogadvAra meM nava-rasoM meM zrRMgAra rasa ko bhI mahattA dI gayI hai, yadyapi bhakti rasa aura zAM tarasa ke bhI bIja vahA~ dikhAI dete haiN| inhIM graMthoM se muktaka kAvya meM yaha paramparA pratibimbata huI hai| uttarakAla meM isI paramparA kA vikAsa huA hai / isa dRSTi se prAkRta kA itanA adhika mahattva ho gayA ki yaha prasiddha huA amia pAuya kavvaM paDhiuM souM a jeNa jANaMsi / kAmassa tatta-taMtiM kuNaMti te kahaM na lajjaMti / / 99 - isalie prAkRta sAhitya ko muktaka kAvya kI dRSTi se svarNayuga kahA jAne lgaa| gAhA satasaI, vajjAlaggaM jaise kAvya isa mAnyatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM rahe haiN| rAjA satavAhana hAla ke jaina hone kI saMbhAvanA adhika hai| unake dvArA viracita / saMkalita gAhA satasaI prAkRta sAhitya kA mUrdhanya muktaka kAvya hai| kahA jAtA hai, hAla ne eka karoDa prAkRta gAthAoM meM se mAtra 700 gAthAeM saMgrahIta kIM jinameM rasapravaNatA aura geyAtmakatA adhika thI / vANabhaTTa rudraTa, mammaTa, vAgbhaTa, vizvanAtha, govardhana Adi mahAkaviyoM ne gAhAsatasaI meM saMkalita gAthAoM kI dhvanyAtmakatA kI baDI prazaMsA kI hai aura unheM apane granthoM meM udAharaNa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| eka udAharaNa dekhierehaMti kumuadalaNiccalaTThiA mattamahuaraNihAA / sasiaraNIsesapaNAsiassa gaMThi vva timirassa / / - gAthA saM. 561 vajjAlaggaM sUkti-muktaka kAvyoM kA eka sundara saMkalana hai

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100 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jise jaina muni jayavallabha ne 795 gAthAeM saMkalita kara apane gaMbhIra adhyana kA paricaya diyA hai| vajjA saMskRta vrajyA kA prAkRta rUpa hai jisakA artha hotA hai sajAtIya viSayoM kA ekatra sanniveza (kavirAja vishvnaath)| vraja dhAtu kA artha gamana bhI hai| jaina bauddha sAdhu paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| muni jayavallabha ko apane parivrajana kAla meM jo bhI manorama muktaka kAvya mile unheM unhoMne vajjAlaggaM meM saMgrahIta kara diye| maMgalAcaraNa meM unhoMne kadAcit vajja paddhaI kahakara yahI kahanA cAhA ho - taM khalu vajAlaggaM vajjatti paddhaI bhaNiyA (gAthA 4) / hindI gIti kAvya gAthAsattasaI kA prabhAva saMskRta ke AcArya govardhana aura amaruka para dikhAI detA hai to hindI ke kavi vihArI kI vihArI satasaI, dayArAma kI dayArAma satasaI jaise kAvyoM meM bhI usakI paramparA samAhita hai| isI taraha vajAlaggaM ne bhAmaha, bhartRhari, paNDitarAja jagannAtha Adi saMskRta kaviyoM ko aura tulasIdAsa, rahIma Adi hindI kaviyoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM muni jayavallabha ne lokajIvana kA baDA mArmika citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM nimna gAthA dekhie jisameM laukI ke phUla kA kitanA sundara citraNa huA hai - mA iMdidira tuMgasu paMkayadalaNilaya maaliivirhe| tuMkiNikusumAi~ na saMpaDaMti divve praahutte|| - bhramaravajjAH gAthA saM. 245 isI sandarbha meM prAkRta ke uvasaggahara stotra, ajiyasaMtithya

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ 101 Adi stotra kAvya aura vairAgyazataka, vairAgya rasAyana prakaraNa Adi nItiparaka gItikAvyoM ko bhI ullikhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAkRta gItikAvya yA muktaka kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi meM pAralaukikatA aura mukti-prApti kA dRSTikoNa mukhya rahA hai| isa dRSTi se sUtrakRtAMga aura uttarAdhyana kA vizeSa sthAna hai| muktaka kAvya ke racanAkAroM meM AcArya kundakunda, svAmI, kArtikeya, zivArya, nemicandra, siddhAntacakravartI, yogIndu, hemacandra, muni rAmasiMha, devasena Adi santoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| gAthAsaptazatI, setubandha, karpUramaMjarI, vajjAlaggaM Adi grantha bhI muktaka kAvya kI paramparA meM Ate haiN| isI paramparA se paramAtmaprakAza, pAhuDa dohA, sAvayadhamma dohA jaise muktaka kAvya bhI sambaddha haiN| isa paramparA ne rIti yugIna hindI muktaka kAvya paramparA para bhI viSad prabhAva DAlA hai| isa yuga meM RgAra aura prakRti ko kAvya kA mukhya viSaya banAyA gyaa| vizeSatA yaha rahI ki rItikAlIna kaviyoM ne nAyikAoM ke kaMgAra aura prasAdhana meM jo atizayokti pUrNa vyaMjanA kA pradarzana kiyA, vaha prAkRta kAvya meM nahIM dikhtaa| prAkRta muktaka kAvya meM nAyikAe~ nAgarika evaM grAmya ina donoM kSetroM se AtI thiiN| inake prema-prasaMgoM meM tatkAlIna rItinIti, AcAra-vicAra evaM yuga-saMdarbho kA pratiphalana hotA thaa| yahA~ mAtra zabdADambara aura alaMkAra-priyatA hI nahIM thI, balki tAralya aura ukti vaicitrya bhI dikhAI detA thaa| yaha saba rItikAlIna hindI muktaka kAvya meM nahIM miltaa| satasaI ke vyaMjanA garbhita kAvya jaisA

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102 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA koI bhI rItikAlIna hindI kAvya dekhane meM nahI aayaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAkRta kAvyoM ko alaMkAra-zAstriyoM ne kAphI uddhRta kiyA hai| pAli meM koI uddharaNa unheM isIlie nahIM mila pAyA kyoMki prAkRta jaisA vaividhya vahA~ nahIM thaa| isI taraha ke anya prAkRta kAvyoM meM vilhaNa kRta caura paMcAsikAya, govardhana kRta AryA saptasatI, kSemendra kRta ghaTakarpUra tathA nemidUtam aura rahamANa kRta saMdesarAsaka vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| anya kaMgAra paraka racanAoM meM jayavallabha kRta vajjAlaggaM pramukha hai| isa kAla kI kaviyatriyoM meM vijayA karanATI, zIla bhaTTikA aura mArUlA motikA ke nAma bhI chandala graMthoM meM ullakhita hue haiN| jayadeva aura vidyApati bhI prAkRta aura apabhraMza muktaka paramparA ke RNI haiN| prAkRta gItikAvya ke sAtha usake pramukha chanda gAhA kI bAta kiye binA muktaka kAvya paramparA kI bAta adhUrI raha jaayegii| gAthA vastutaH gIti hai jisakA sambandha maMtragAna aura lokagIta se rahA hai| sAmaveda meM usake prAcIna tattva dRSTavya haiN| vaidikayuga meM yaha mAtrika chanda thA (zatapatha brAhmaNa, 11.5.7) / bAda meM usane anuSTupa jaise vArNika chanda kA sthAna le liyaa| DaoN. harirAma AcArya ne ise draviDa saMparka kA prabhAva batAyA aura ise mAtrika geyapada maanaa| bAda meM nATya paramparA meM dhruvA gItiyoM yA prAkRta gItiyoM meM isI chanda kA aura prAkRta bhASA kA pracalana rhaa| bharatamuni ne RcA, pANikA, gAthA aura saptagIta ko dhruvA saMjJA dI hai (32.2) / yaha gAthA vastutaH saMskRta AryA kA rUpa hai| dhruvAgIti hI dhruvapada ho gyaa| inake aneka bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana uttarakAla meM hotA rahA hai|

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AdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ isa prakAra apabhraMza aura avahaTTa se saMkramita hokara AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya prAcIna dAya ke sAtha satata bar3hatA rahA aura madhyakAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya ko vaha paramparA sauMpa dii| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI lagabhaga sabhI vizeSatAoM kA Acamana kiyA aura unheM suniyojita DhaMga se saMvArA, bar3hAyA aura samRddha kiyaa| isa pravRtti meM jaina kaviyoM ne AdAna-pradAna karate hue katipaya naye mAnoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai jo kAlAntara meM vidhA ke rUpa meM svIkRta hue haiN| yahI unakA yogadAna hai| 103 prAcIna hindI bhASA kA bhASA vaijJAnika adhyayana karane se yaha tathya bhI pracchanna nahIM rahatA ki zaurasenI prAkRta ke AdhAra para Adhunika pazcimI aura madhyadezIya hindI bhASAoM kA vikAsa huaa| pazcimI hindI meM gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI tathA madhyadezIya hindI meM pazcimI hindI sammilita hai| yaha pazcimI hindI uttarapradeza ke sampUrNa pazcimI kSetra aura hariyANA meM bolI jAtI hai| vrajabhASA, bundelI aura kannaujI bhI isI meM garbhita hai / pUrvI hindI se yaha pRthak hai / pUrvI hindI kA vikAsa ardhamAgadhI kI apabhraMza se huA hai| isake antargata tIna boliyAM AtI haiM - avadhI, vaghelI aura chattIsagaDhI / ina pUrvI aura pazcimI hindI ke rUpoM meM vaise hI AdAna-pradAna huA hai jaise zaurasenI aura ardhamAgadhI meN| zaurasenI hI apabhraMza, avahaTTa aura nAgara apabhraMza ko pAra karatI huI pazcimI hindI ko janma detI hai aura pUrvI hindI ko bhI samRddha karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, tamila, kannaDa aura Adhunika Arya bhASAoM ko bhI prabhAvita karatI hai| isI taraha mahArASTrI prAkRta kA bhI acchA prabhAva jainettara sAhitya para dikhAI detA hai|

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA prAcIna kAla meM jaina saMskRti samagra vRhattara bhArata meM phailI huI thI / jaina sAdhaka padavihArI hone ke kAraNa loka saMskRti aura bhASA ke AvAhaka rahe haiN| prAyaH sabhI prAcya bhAratIya bhASAoM kA sAhitya jainAcAryoM kI lekhanI se prabhUta saMvardhita huA hai| tamila bhASA ke prAcIna pAMca mahAkAvyoM meM zilappadikArama, valayApani aura jIvaka cintAmaNi jaina kAvya haiN| usake pAMca laghukAvya bhI jaina kAvya haiM - nIlakezi, cUDAmaNi, yazodhara kAviyama, nAga kumAra kAviyama tathA udayapAna kthai| isI taraha vyAkaraNa, chanda zAstra, koza Adi kSetroM meM bhI jaina kaviyoM ne apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai / - 104 karnATaka pradeza to jainadharma kA gar3ha rahA hai| AcArya kundakunda, umAsvAmI, samantabhadra, akalaMka, somadeva Adi zatAdhika AcArya yahIM hue haiN| kannaDa jaina kaviyoM meM pampa, ponna, ranna, jinasena, cAmuNDarAya, zrIdhara, zAntinAtha, nAgacandra, nemicandra, voppaNa, AcaNNa, mahabala Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM jinhoMne kannaDa sAhitya kI sabhI vidhAoM ko AdikAla se hI samRddha kiyA hai| isI taraha marAThI sAhitya ke prAcIna jaina kaviyoM meM jinadAsa, guNadAsa, megharAja, kAmarAja, guNanandi, jinasena Adi ke nAma avismaraNIya hai / gujarAtI kA bhI vikAsa apabhraMza se huA hai| 12vIM zatI se apabhraMza aura gujarAtI meM pArthakya dikhAI dene lagatA hai| gujarAta prArambha se hI jaina saMskRti kA kendra rahA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne rAso, phAgu, bArahamAsA, kakko, vivAhalu, caccarI, AkhyAna Adi vidhAoM ko samRddha karanA prArambha kiyA / hindI sAhitya kI dRSTi se zAlibhadrasUri (1185 I.) kA bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa prathama prApya gujarAtI kRti hai| usake bAda dhammu kA jamburAsa, vinayaprabha kA gautamarAsa, rAjazekhara kA neminAtha phAgu Adi prAcIna gujarAtI sAhitya kI zreSTha kRtiyAM haiM jinheM hindI jaina sAhitya se joDA jAtA hai /

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tRtIya parivarta madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM vigata pRSThoM meM hamane hindI ke Adiyuga aura madhyayuga kA kAla kSetra aura sAMskRtika tathA bhASika pRSThabhUmi kA saMkSipta avalokana kiyA aura isI ke sAtha AdikAlIna kAvya pravRttiyoM para bhI dRSTipAta kiyA / yahAM aba hama madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyoM para vizeSa vicAra kareMge kyoMki isa yuga kA hindI jaina sAhitya parimANa kI dRSTi se apekSAkRta adhika hai| isa sandarbha meM vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki itihAsakAroM ne hindI sAhitya ke madhyakAla ko pUrva madhyakAla (bhaktikAla) aura uttara madhyakAla (rItikAla) ke rUpa meM vargIkRta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| cUMki bhaktikAla meM nirguNa aura saguNa vicAradhArAyeM samAnAntara rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI haiM tathA rItikAla meM bhakti sambandhI racanAyeM adhika upalabdha hotI haiM, ataH isa madhyakAla kA dhArAgata vibhAjana na karake kAvya pravRtyAtmaka vargIkaraNa karanA adhika sArthaka lagatA hai| jaina sAhitya kA uparyukta vibhAjana aura bhI sambhava nahIM kyoMki vahAM bhakti se sambaddha aneka dhArAyeM madhyakAla ke prArambha se lekara anta taka nirbAdha rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, bhakti kA kAvya-srota jaina AcAryo aura kaviyoM kI lekhanI se hindI ke AdikAla meM bhI pravAhita huA hai|

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106 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA ataH hindI ke madhyayugIna jaina kAvyoM kA vargIkaraNa kalAtmaka na hokara pravRtyAtmaka kiyA jAnA adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai| jaina kaviyoM aura AcAryoM ne madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM paiThakara aneka sAhityika vidhAoM ko prasphuTita kiyA hai| unakI isa abhivyakti ko hama nimnAMkita kAvya rUpoM meM vargIkRta kara sakate haiM : 1. prabandha kAvya - mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, purANa, kathA ___ carita, rAsA, saMdhi aadi| 2. rUpaka kAvya - holI, vivAhalo, cetanakarmacarita aadi| 3. adhyAtma aura bhaktimUlaka kAvya - stavana, pUjA, caupaI, jayamAla, cAMcara, phAgu, cUnar3I, velI, saMkhyAtmaka, bArahamAsA aadi| 4. gItikAvya, aura 5. prakIrNaka kAvya - rItikAvya, koza, Atmacarita, gurvAvalI aadi| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne bhASA kAvyoM kA paricaya prastuta karane ke prasaMga meM unakI vividha saMjJAoM kI eka sUcI prastuta kI hai - 1. rAsa, 2. saMdhi, 3. caupAI, 4. phAgu, 5. dhamAla, 6. vivAhalo, 7. dhavala, 8. maMgala, 9. veli, 10. saloka, 11. saMvAda, 12. bAda, 13. jhagar3o, 14. mAtRkA, 15. vAvanI, 16. kakka, 17. bacarahamAsA, 18. caumAsA, 19. pavAr3A, 20. carcarI (caMcari), 21. janmAbhiSeka, 22. kalaza, 23. tIrthamAlA, 24. caityaparipATI, 25.

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107 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM saMghavarNana, 26. DhAla, 27. DhAliyA, 28. cauDhAliyA, 29. chaDhAliyA, 30. prabandha, 31. carita, 32. sambandha, 33. battAsI, 34. ikkIso, 35. ikatIso caubIsI, 36. bIsI, 37. aSTaka, 38. stuti, 39. stavana, 40. stotra, 41. gIta, 42. sajjhAya, 43. caityavaMdana, 44. devavaMdana, 45. vInatI, 46. namaskAra, 47. prabhAtI, 48. maMgala, 49. sAMjha , 50. badhAvA, 51. gahU~lI, 52. hIyAlI, 53. AkhyAna, 54. kathA, 55. sataka,56. bahottarI, 57. chattIsI, 58. sattarI, 59. gUDhA, 60. gajala, 61. lAvaNI, 62. chaMda, 63. nIsANI, 64. navaraso, 65. pravahaNa, 66. pAraNI, 67. vAhaNa, 68. paTTAvalI, 69. gurvAvalI, 70. hamacar3I, 71. hIca, 72. mAlAmAlikA, 73. nAmamAlA, 74. rAgamAlA, 75. kulaka, 76. pUjA, 77. gItA, 78. paTTAbhiSeka, 79. nirvANa, 80. saMyamazrI 81. vivAha varNana, 82. bhAsa, 83. pada, 84. maMjarI, 85. rasAvalo, 86. rasAyana, 87. rasalaharI, 88. caMdrAvalA, 89. dIpaka, 90. pradIpikA, 91. phulaDA, 92. jor3a, 93. parikrama, 94. kalpalatA, 95. lekha, 96. viraha, 97. mUMdar3I, 98. sata, 99. prakAza, 100. horI, 101. taraMga, 102. taraMgiNI, 103. cauka, 104. hu~DI, 105. haraNa, 106. vilAsa, 107. garabA, 108. bolI, 109. amRtadhvani, 110. hAlariyo, 111. rasoI, 112. kar3A, 113. jhUlaNA, 114. jakar3I, 115. dohA, 116. kuMDaliyA, 117. chappaya aadi| madhyakAlIna jaina kAvya kI ina pravRttiyoM ko samIkSAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sabhI pravRttiyAM mUlataH AdhyAtmika uddezya ko lekara prastuta huI haiM jahAM AdhyAtmika uddezya pradhAna ho jAtA hai, vahAM svabhAvataH kavi kI lekhanI AlaMkArika na hokara svAbhAvika aura sAtvika ho jAtI hai| usakA mUla utsa rahasyAtmaka anubhava aura bhakti rahA hai|

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108 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 1. prabandha kAvya prabandha kAvya ke antargata mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya donoM Ate haiN| yahAM unake svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karanA hamArA abhISTa nahIM hai para itanA kathana avazyaka hai ki unake AkhyAnoM kA vastu tattva paurANika, nijandharI, samasAmayika tathA kalpita hotA hai| unameM lokatattva kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| lokatattva gAthAtmaka aura kathAtmaka rahatA hai| unake pIche dhArmika anuzrutiyAM, itihAsa aura mAnyatAyeM chipI rahatI haiM / sRSTi, pralaya, vaMzaparamparA, manvantara aura viziSTa vaMzoM meM hone vAle mahApuruSoM kA carita ye pAMca viSaya paurANika sImA meM Ate haiM: - sargaMzca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi ca / vaMzAnucaritaM caiva purANaM paMca lakSaNam / / jaina sAhitya meM prabandhakAvya kI paramparA AdikAla se hI pravAhita hotI rahI hai| jaina AcAryo ne 63 zalAkA mahApuruSoM ke citrAMkana ko apanA vizeSa lakSya banAyA hai / unakI jIvana gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se kaviyoM ne jainadharma aura darzana sambandhI vicAra abhivyakta kiye haiN| isake bAvajUda prabandha kAvya meM apekSita kramabaddhatA, gatizilatA aura bhAvavyaMjanA meM kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM aaii| kaviyoM ne bhASA ke kSetra meM rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura brajabhASA ke mizrita rUpa kA prayoga kiyA hai| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se ye kAvya jAyasI aura tulasI ke kAvyoM se hIna nahIM hai balki kahIM-kahIM to aisA lagatA hai ki jAyasI aura tulasI ne prAcIna jaina prabandha kAvyoM se prAbhUta sAmagrI grahaNakara apanI pratibhA se apane samUce sAhitya ko unmeSita kiyA hai|

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109 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM purANa, kathA aura carita kAvya bhI prabandha ke antargata Ate haiN| AcAryo ne unheM bhI jaina tattvoM ko prastuta karane kA mAdhyama banAyA hai| phira bhI yathAvazyaka rasoM ke saMyojana meM koI vyavadhAna nahIM A paayaa| kaviyoM ne yathAsamaya zrRMgAra aura vIrarasa kA bharapUra varNana kiyA hai| para usameM bhI zAntarasa kA bhAva sUkha nahIM pAyA balki kahIM-kahIM to aisA lagatA hai ki zrRMgAra aura vIrarasa kI pRSThabhUmi meM AdhyAtmika anubhUti ke kAraNa saMsAra kA citraNa kahIM adhika sakSama rUpa se prastuta huA hai| inameM saguNa aura nirguNa donoM prakAra kI kathAoM aura caritroM kA Alekhana milatA hai| isa Alekhana meM kaviyoM ne loka tattvoM kI kAvyAtmaka rUr3hiyoM kA bhI bharapUra upayoga kiyA hai| jahAM taka rAsoM kAvya paramparA kA sambandha hai, usake mUla pravartaka jaina AcArya hI rahe haiN| jaina rAso kAvya gIta nRtya paraka adhika dikhAI dete haiN| inheM hama khaNDakAvya ke anatargata le sakate haiN| kaviyoM ne inameM tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM aura AcAryo kecarita kA saMkSipta citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM ye rAso upadezaparaka bhI huye haiN| inameM sAdhAraNataH paurANikatA kA aMza adhika hai, kAvya kA kama / saMyoga-viyoga kA citraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai para vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha vairAgyamUlaka aura zAntarasa se ApUrita hai| AdhyAtmikatA kI anubhUti vahAM TapakatI huI dikhAI detI hai| rAjula aura neminAtha kA sandarbha jaina kaviyoM ke lie adhika anukUla sA dikhAI diyA hai| isa bhUmikA ke sAtha jaina prabandha kAvyoM ko hama samAsataH isa prakAra Alekhita kara sakate haiM - 1. purANa kAvya (mahAkAvya aura khaNDa kAvya), 2. carita kAvya, 3. kathA kAvya aura 4. rAso kAvya /

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110 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 2. paurANika kAvya paurANika kAvya meM mahAkAvya aura khaNDa kAvya sammilita hote hai| hindI jaina kaviyoM ne donoM kAvya vidhAoM meM tadanukUla lakSaNoM evaM vizeSatAoM se samanvita sAhitya kI sarjanA kI hai| unake graMtha sarga athavA adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| nAyaka koI tIrthaMkara, cakravartI athavA mAhapuruSa hai, zAMtarasa kI pramukhatA hai tathA zrRMgAra aura vIra rasa usake sahAyaka bane haiN| kathA vastu aitihAsika athavA paurANika hai, caturpuruSArtho kA yathAsthAna varNana hai, sargoM kI saMkhyA ATha se adhika hai, sarga ke aMta meM chanda kA parivartana tathA yathAsthAna prAkRtika dRzyoM kA saMyojana kiyA gayA hai| mahAkAvya ke ina lakSaNoM ke sAtha hI khaNDa kAvya ke lakSaNa bhI isa kAla ke sAhitya meM pUrI taraha se milate haiM / vahAM kavi kA lakSya jIvana ke kisI eka pahalu ko prakAzita karanA rahA hai| ghaTanAoM, paristhitiyoM tathA dRzyoM kA saMyojana atyanta marmasparzI huA hai| aise hI kucha mahAkAvyoM aura khaNDakAvyoM kA yahAM hama ullekha kara rahe haiN| udAharaNArtha brahmajinadAsa ke AdipurANa aura harivaMzapurANa (vi. saM. 1520), vAdicandra kA pANDavapurANa (vi.saM. 1654), zAlivAhana kA harivaMzapurANa (vi.saM. 1695) bUlAkIdAsa kA pANDavapurANa (vi.saM. 1754, padya 5500), khuzAlacandrakAlA ke harivaMzapurANa, uttarapurANa aura padmapurANa (saM. 1783), bhUdharadAsa kA pArzvapurANa (saM. 1789), navalarAma kA vartamAna purANa (saM. 1825), dhanasAgara kA pArzvanAthapurANa (saM. 1621), brahmajita kA munisuvratanAtha purANa (saM. 1645), vaijanAtha mAthura kA vardhamAnapurANa (saM. 1900),

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM sevArAma kA zAntinAtha purANa (saM. 1824) jinendrabhUSaNakA nemipurANa / ye purANa bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se uttama haiN| isa dRSTi se kavivara bhUdharadAsa kA pArzva purANa dRSTavya hai - 111 kilakilaMta vaitAla, kAla kajjala chavi sajjahiM / mauM karAla vikarAla, bhAla madagaja jimi gajahiM / / muMDamAla gala dharahiM lAya loyanani urahiMjana / mukha phuliMga phuMkarahi karahiM nirdaya dhuni hana hana / / ihi vidhi aneka durveSa dhari, kamaTha jIva upasarga kiy| tihuM loka vaMda jinacandra prati dhUli DAla nija sIsa liya / / ' hindI jaina sAhitya meM paurANika prabandha kAvya kI dhArA lagabhaga AThavIM zatI se prArambha huI aura madhyakAla Ate-Ate usameM aura adhika vRddhi huii| kaviyoM ne tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM, nArAyaNoM Adi mahApuruSoM ke caritoM ko jIvana-nirmANa ke lie adhika upayogI pAyA aura phalataH unhoMne apanI pratibhA ko yahAM prasphuTita kiyaa| yadyapi unameM jainadharma ke siddhAntoM ko spaSTa karane kA vizeSa prayatna kiyA gayA hai para usase kathA pravAha meM kahI bAdhA nahIM dikhAI detii| bhAvavyaMjanA saMvAda, ghaTanAvarNana, paristhiti saMyojana Adi sabhI tattva yahAM sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiye gaye haiM / jinheM Aja khaNDakAvya kahA jAtA hai unheM madhyakAla meM 'saMdhi' kAvya kI saMjJA dI gii| saMdhi vastutaH sarga ke artha meM prayukta hotA thA, para uttarakAla meM eka sarga vAle khaNDa kAvyoM ke lie isa zabda kA prayoga hone lagA pramukha jaina saMdhi kAvyoM meM ullekhanIya kAvya haiM jinaprabhasUri kA anatthi saMdhi (saM. 1297 ) aura mayaNarehA saMdhi, jayadeva kA bhAvanA saMdhi vinayacanda kA Ananda saMdhi (14 vI zatI),

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kalyANa tilaka kA mRgAputra saMdhi (saM. 1550), cArucandra kA nandana maNihAra saMdhi, (saM. 1587), saMyamamUrti kA udAhara rAjarSi saMdhi (saM. 1590), dharmameru kA sukha-dukha: vipAka saMdhi (saM. 1604, guNaprabhasUri kA citrasaMbhUti saMdhi (saM. 1608), kuzala lAbha kA jinarakSita saMdhi (saM. 1621), kanakasoma kA harikezI saMdhi (saM. 1640), guNarAja kA sammati saMdhi (saM. 1630), cAritra siMha kA prakIrNaka saMdhi (saM. 1631), vimala vinaya kA anAthI saMdhi (saM. 1647), vinaya samudra kA nami saMdhi (saM. 17 vIM zatI), guNaprabha sUri kA citra saMbhUti saMdhi (saM. 1759) aadi| aise pacAsoM saMdhi kAvya bhaNDAroM meM bikhare par3e hue haiN| 3. carita kAvya hindI jaina kaviyoM ne jaina siddhAntoM ko prastuta karane ke lie mahApuruSoM ke carita kA AkhyAna kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM vyakti ke kisI guNa-avaguNa ko lekara bhI carita granthoM kI racanA kI gaI hai jaise ThakurasI kA kRSNa critr| ina carita granthoM meM kaviyoM ne mAnava kI sahaja prakRti aura rAgAdi vikAroM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| madhyakAlIna katipaya carita kAvya isa prakAra haiM 112 saghAru kA pradyumnacarita (saM. 1411), IzvarasUri kA lalitAMga carita (saM. 1561), ThakurasI kA kRSNa carita (saM. 1580), jayakIrti kA bhavadevacarita (saM. 1661), gauravadAsa kA yazodhara carita (saM. 1581), mAladeva kA bhojaprabandha (saM. 1612, padya 2000), pANDe jinadAsa kA jambUsvAmI carita (saM. 1642), narendrakIrti kA sagara prabandha (saM. 1646), vAdicandra kA zrIpAla

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113 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM AkhyAna (saM. 1651), parimalla kA zrIpAla caritra (saM. 1651), pAme kA bharatabhujabali caritra (saM. 1616), jJAnakIrti kA yazodhara caritra (saM. 1658), pArzvacandra sUri kA rAjacandra pravahaNa (saM. 1661), kumudacandra kA bharata bAhubalI chanda (saM. 1670), nandalAla kA sudarzana carita (saM. 1663), banavArI lAla kA bhaviSyadatta caritra (saM. 1666), bhagavatIdAsa kA laghusItA satu (saM. 1684), kalyANa kIrtimuni kA cArudatta prabandha (saM. 1612), lAlacandra kA padminI caritra (saM. 1707) rAmacandra kA sItA caritra (saM. 1713), jodharAja godIkA kA prItaMkara caritra (saM. 1721, jinaharSa kA zreNika caritra (saM. 1724), vizvabhUSaNa kA pArzvanAtha caritra (saM. 1738), kizanasiMha ke bhadrabAhu caritra (saM. 1783) aura yazodhara carita (saM. 1781), lohaTa kA yazodhara caritra (saM. 1721), ajayarAja kA yazodhara caritra (saM. 1721), ajayarAja pATaNI kA neminAtha caritra (saM. 1793), daulata rAma kAsalIvAla kA jIvandhara caritra (saM. 1805), bhAramala kA cArudatta caritra (saM. 1813), zubhacandradeva kA zreNika caritra (saM. 1824), nAthamala millAkA nAgakumAra caritra (saM. 1810), cetana vijaya kA sItA caritra aura jambUcaritra (saM. 1853), pANDe lAlacanda kA varAMgacaritra (saM. 1827), hIrAlAla kA candraprabha caritra, Tekacanda kA zreNika caritra (saM. 1883), aura brahma jayasAgara kA sItAharaNa (saM. 1835) / ina carita kAvyoM ke tIrthaMkaroM yuvA mahApuruSoM ke carita kA citraNa kara mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA bar3I sugamatA pUrvaka citraNa kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yahAM kAvya kI apekSA cAritrAMkana adhika huA hai parantu caritra prastuta karane kA DhaMga aura usakA pravAha prabhAvaka hai|

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114 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA Ananda aura viSAda, rAga aura dveSa tathA dharma aura adharma Adi bhAvoM kI abhivyakti bar3I sarasa huI hai| kavi bhagavatIdAsa kA laghu sItA satu ullekhanIya hai jahAM unhoMne mAnasika ghAta-pratighAtoM kA AkarSaka varNana kiyA hai - taba bolai mandodarI rAnI, sakhi aSAr3ha ghanaghaTa ghhraanii| pIya gaye te phira ghara AvA, pAmara mara nita maMdira chaavaa|| lavahi papIhe dAdura morA, hiyarA umaga dharata nahIM dhiiraa| bAdara umahi rahe caumAsA, titha piya binu lihiM uru na usaasaa| nanhIM bUnda jharata jhara laavaa| pAvasa nabha Agamu drsaavaa|| dAmini damakata nizi aNdhiyaarii| virahini kAma vAna urbhaarii| bhugavahi bhogu sunahi sikha morii| jAnati kAhe bhaI mati vaurii|| madana rasAyanu hai jaga saaruu| saMjamu nemu kathana vivhaaruu| taba laga haMsa zarIra, mahi, taka laga kIjaI bhogu| rAja tajahi bhikSA amahiM, iu bhUlA sabu logu|| isI prakAra kRSNa caritra meM kavi ThakurasI ne kaMjUsa dhanI kA jo AkhoM dekhA hAla citrita kiyA hai vaha dRSTavya hai - kRpaNu eka parasiddha nayari nivasaMtu nilakkhaNu / kahI karama saMyoga tAsu ghaTi, nATi vicakkhaNu / / dekhi duhU kI jor3a, sathalu jagi rahiu tmaasai| yAhi puriSa kai yAhi, daI kima de ima bhaasai| vaha rahyo rIti cAhe bhalI, dANa puja guNasIla gti| yaha dena khANa kharacaNa kivai, duvai karahi diNi kalaha ati||

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 115 kavi hIrAlAla dvArA racita candraprabhacarita kAvya camatkAra kI dRSTi se ati manohara hai| isa sandarbha meM nimna padya darzanIya haikavala binA jala, jala bina saravara, saravara bina pura, pura bina raay| rAyasaciva bina, saciva binA budha, budha vivekabina binshodhnpaay|| isI prakAra navalazAha viracita varddhamAna caritra meM aMkita mahArAnI priya kAriNI ke rUpa saundarya kA citraNa (nakha zikha varNana) jainetara kaviyoM se hIna nahIM hai| ambuja sauM juga pAya bene, nakha dekha nakhanta bhayau bhaya bhaarii| nUpura kI jhanakAra sunai, duga zarIra bhayau dazahU diza bhaarii| kaMdala thaMbha bane juga jaMga, sucAla calai gaja kI piya pyaarii| kSIna banau kaTi kehari sau, tana dAminI hoya rahI laja saarii|| nAbhi nibauriyasI nikasI, par3hahAvata peTa saMkucana dhaarii| kAma kapiccha kiyau paTa rantara, zIla sudhI dharai avikaarii|| bhUSaNa bAraha bhA~tina ke anta, kaNTha meM jyoti lasai adhikaarii| dekhata sUraja candra chipai, mukha dADima daMda mhaachvikaarii|| isa prakAra madhyakAlIna hindI jaina carita kAvya bhAva, bhASA aura abhivyakti kI dRSTi se ucca koTi ke haiN| vastu aura uddezya baDI sUkSmatA se samAhita hai| pAtroM ke vyaktittva ko ubhArane meM jaina siddhAntoM kA avalambana jisa DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai vaha prazaMsanIya hai| sAMsArika viSamatAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa aura lokaraMjanakArI tattvoM kI abhivyaMjanA jaina sAdhaka kaviyoM kI lekhanI kI vizeSatA hai| prAcIna kAvyoM meM caritArthaka pavIr3o kAvya bhI upalabdha hote haiN| isI sandarbha meM bhagavatIdAsa ke vRhad sItA satu aura laghu sItA satu jaise sat saMjJaka kAvya bhI ullekhanIya haiN|

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116 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 4. kathA kAvya madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kathA kAvya vizeSa rUpa se vrata, , bhakti aura stavana ke mahattva kI abhivyakti ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye haiN| vahAM ina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se viSaya - kaSAyoM kI nivRtti, bhautika sukhoM kI apekSA tathA zAzvata sukha kI prApti kA mArga darzAyA gayA hai| unameM citrita pAtroM ke bhAva caritra, prakRti aura vRtti ko spaSTa karane meM ye kathA kAvya adhika sakSama dikhAI dete haiN| aise hI kathA kAvyoM meM brahmajinadAsa (vi. saM. 1520) kI ravivrata kathA, vidyAdhara kathA samyaktva kathA Adi, vinayacandra kI nirjarapaMcamI kathA ( saM . 1576), ThakurasI kI meghamAlAvrata kathA (saM. 1580), devakalaza kI RSidattA (saM. 1569), rAyamalla kI bhaviSyadattakathA (saM. 1633), vAdicandra kI ambikA kathA (saM. 1651), chItara TholiyA kI holikA kathA (saM. 1660), brahmagulAla kI kRpaNa jagAvanadvAra kathA (saM. 1671), bhavagatIdAsa kI sugaMdhadasamI kathA, pAMDe hemarAja kI rohaNI vrata kathA, mahIcanda kI Adityavrata kathA, TIkama kI candrahaMsa kathA (saM. 1708), jodharAja godIkA kA kathAkoza (saM. 1722), vinodIlAla kI bhaktAmarastotra kathA (saM. 1747), kizanasiMha kI rAtribhojana kathA (saM. 1773), Tekacandra kA puNyAzravakathAkoza (saM. 1822), jagatarAya kI samyaktva kaumudI (saM. 1721), ullekhanIya haiN| ye kathA kAvya kaviyoM kI racanA kauzalya ke udAharaNa kahe jA sakate haiN| 'samyaktva kaumudI' kI kathAoM meM nibaddha kAvya vaiziSTya ullekhya hai -

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117 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 117 tabahiM pAvar3I dekhi cora bhUpati nija jaanyau| dekhi mudrikA cora tarba mantrI phicaanyo| sUta janeU dekhi cora prohita hai bhaarii| paMcani lakhi viratAnta yahai mana meM ju vicaarii|| bhUpati yaha mantrI sahita prohita yuta kADhI dyau| iha bhAMti nyAva kari bhaliya vikadha dharmathApi jaga jasa lyau|| isa prakAra kA kAvya vaiziSTya madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kathA kAvyoM meM anyatra bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| isake sAtha hI yahAM jaina siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa kaviyoM kA vizeSa lakSya rahA hai| 5. rAsA sAhitya hindI jaina kaviyoM ne rAsA sAhitya ke kSetra meM apanA amUlya yogadAna diyA hai| sarvekSaNa karane se spaSTa hai ki rAsA sAhitya ko janma dene vAle jaina kavi hI the| janma se lekara vikAsa taka jainAcAryo ne rAsA sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| rAsA kA sambandha rAsa, rAsA, rAsu, rAsau Adi zabdoM se rahA hai jo 'rAsaka' zabda ke hI parivartita aura vikasita rUpa hai| 'rAsaka' kA sambandha nRtya, chanda athavA kAvya vizeSa se hai| yaha sAhitya gIta-nRtya paraka aura chanda vaividhya paraka milatA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne gIta-nRtya paraka paramparA ko adhika apanAyA hai| inameM kaviyoM ne dharma pracAra kI vizeSa mahattva diyA hai| isa sandarbha meM zAlibhadrasUri kA pAMca pANDava rAsa (saM. 1410), vinayaprabha upAdhyAya kA gautamarAsa (saM. 1412), somasundarasUri kA ArAdhanArAsa (saM. 1450), jayasAgara ke vayarasvAmI gururAsa aura gautamarAsa, hIrAnandasUri ke vastupAla tejapAla rAsAdi (saM. 1486),

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA sakalakIrti (saM. 1443), ke solahakAraNarAsa Adi ullekhanIya haiN| brahmajinadAsa (saM. 1445 - 1525) kA rAsA sAhitya kadAcit sarvAdhika hai| unameM rAmasItArAsa, yazodhararAsa, hanumatarAsa (saM. 725 padya) nAgakumArarAsa paramahaMsarAsa ( 1900 padya) ajitanAtha rAsa, holI rAsa (148 padya) dharmaparIkSArAsa, jyeSThajinavara rAsa ( 120 padya), zreNikarAsa, rAmakitamithyAtvarAsa ( 70 padya), sudarzanarAsa (337 padya), ambikA rAsa ( 158 padya), nAgazrIrAsa (253 padya), jambUsvAmI rAsa ( 10005 padya), bhadrabahurAsa, karmavipAka rAsa, sukauzala svAmI rAsa, rohiNIrAsa, solahakAraNarAsa, dazalakSaNarAsa, anantavratarAsa, baMkacUla rAsa, dhanyakumArarAsa, cArudatta prabandha rAsa, puSpAMjali rAsa, dhanapAlarAsa (dAnakathA rAsa), bhaviSyadattarAsa, jIvaMdhararAsa, nemIzvararAsa, karakaNDurAsa, subhaumacakravartIrAsa aura aTThamUlaguNa rAsa pramukha haiN| inakI bhASA gujarAtI mizrita hai| ina granthoM kI pratiyAM jayapura, udayapura dillI Adi ke jainazAstra bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiN| 118 inake atirikta munisundarasUri kA sudarzana zreSThirAsa (saM. 1501), muni pratApacanda kA svapnAvalIrAsa (saM. 1500 ), somakIrti kA yazodhararAsa (saM. 1526), saMvega sundara upAdhyAya kA sArasikhAmanarAsa (saM. 1548), jJAnabhUSaNa kA posaharAsa (saM. 1558), yazaHkIrti kA neminAtharAsa (saM. 1558), brahmajJAnasAgara kA hanumaMtarAsa (saM. 1630), matizekhara kA dhannArAsa (saM. 1514), vidyAbhUSaNakA bhaviSyadattarAsa (saM. 1600 ), udayasena kA jIvaMdhararAsa (saM. 1606), vinayasamudra kA citrasena padmAvatIrAsa (saM. 1605), rAyamalla kA pradyumnarAsa (saM. 1668), pAMDe jinadAsa

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 119 kA yogIrAsA (saM. 1660), hIrakalaza kA samyaktva kaumudIrAsa (saM. 1626), bhagavatIdAsa (saM. 1662), ke jogIrAsA Adi, sahajakIrti ke zIlarAsAdi (saM.1686) bhAU kA neminAtha rAsa (saM. 1759), cetanavijaya kA pAlarAsa jaina rAsA granthoM meM ullekhanIya haiN| ina rAsA granthoM meM zrRMgAra, vIra, zAnta aura bhakti rasa kA pravAha dikhAI detA hai| prAyaH sabhI rAsoM kA anta zAntarasa se raMjita hai| phira bhI prema aura viraha ke citroM kI kamI nahIM hai| isa sandarbha meM 'aMjanA sundarI rAsa' ullekhya hai jisameM aMjanA ke viraha kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM vasanta kA citraNa dekhie, kitanA manohArI hai - madhukara karaI guMjArava mAra vikAra vahati / koyala karai paTahukar3A DhUkar3hA melavA kanta / / malayAcala thI calakirA pulakiu pavana prcnndd| madana mahAnRpa pAjhai virahini sirdnndd|| zAntarasa se yukta paM. bhagavatIdAsa kA 'jogIrAsa' bhI dRSTavya hai| jisameM jIva ko apane hI andara virAjamAna cidAnanda rUpI zivanAyakakA bhajana kara saMsArasamudrasepAra hone kIabhivyaMjanAkI haipekhahU ho tuma pekhahu bhAI, jogI jagamahi soii| ghaTa-ghaTa antari vasai cidAnandu, alakhu na lakhie koii|| bhava-vana-bhUla rahI bhramirAvalu, sivapura-sudha visraaii| parama atIndriya ziva-sukha-taji kari, viSayani rahiu lubhaai|| ananta catuSTaya-guNa-gaNa rAjahiM tinhakI hau blihaarii| mamanidhari dhyAnu jayaha zivanAyaka, jiuM utarahuM bhvpaarii||

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120 __ hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA isI prakAra bhakti rasa se otaprota sahajakIrti ke - sudarzanazreSThirAsa' kI nimna paMktiyAM duSTavya haiM : kevana kamalAkara sura, komala vacana vilAsa, kaviyaNa kamala divAkara, paNamiya phalavidhi paas| suranara kinara vara bhramara, suna caraNakaMja jAsa, sarasa vacana kara sarasatI, namIyai sohAga vaas| jAsu pasAiya kavilahara, kavijanamaI jasavAsa, haMsagamaNi sA bhAratI, deu mujha vacana vilaas| isa prakAra jaina rAsA sAhitya eka ora jahA~ aitihAsika athavA paurANika mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA citraNa karatA hai vahIM sAtha hI AdhyAtmika athavA dhArmika AdarzoM ko bhI prastuta karatA hai| jainoM kI dhArmika rAsa paramparA hindI ke AdikAla se hI pravAhita hotI rahI hai| madhyayugIna rAsA sAhitya meM AdikAla rAsA sAhitya kI apekSA bhAva aura bhASA kA adhika sauSThava dikhAI detA hai| AdhyAtmika rasAnubhUti kI dRSTi se yaha rAsA sAhitya adhika vivecanIya hai| 6. rUpaka kAvya AdhyAtmika rahasya ko abhivyakta karane kA sarvottama sAdhana pratIka aura rUpaka hote haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne sAMsArika citraNa, AtmA kI zuddhAzuddha avasthA, sukha duHkha kI avasthAyeM, rAgAtmaka vikAra aura kSaNabhaMguratA ke dRzya jisa sUkSmAnvekSaNa aura gahana anubhUti ke sAtha prastuta kiye haiM, vaha abhinandanIya hai| rUpaka kAvyoM kA uddezya vItarAgatA kI sahaja pravRtti kA loka mAMgalika citraNa karanA rahA hai| AtmA kI svAbhAvika kSamatA mithyAtva Adi ke bandhana se kisa prakAra

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121 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM grasita hokara bhavasAgara meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai aura kisa prakAra usase mukta hotA hai, isa pravRtti aura nivRtti mArga ko vizleSita kara jaina kaviyoM ne AtmA kI atula zakti ko rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se udghATita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa vidhi se jaina tattvoM ke nirUpaNa meM nIrasatA nAhIM A paayii| balki bhAva-vyaMjanA kahIM adhika gaharAI se ubhara sakI hai| isa dRSTi se tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha, vidyAvilAsa pavAr3A, nATaka samayasAra, cetanakarmacarita, madhu binduka caupaI, upazama paccIsikA, paramahaMsa caupaI, muktiramaNI cUnar3I, cetana pudgala dhamAla, mohaviveka yuddha Adi racanAyeM mahattvapUrNa hai| rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se vivAhalau bhI bar3e sarasa race gaye haiN| ina rUpaka kAvyoM meM dArzanika, AdhyAtmika tathA sUkSma bhAvanAoM kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| nATaka samayasAra isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM kavi banArasIdAsa ne rUpaka ke mAdhyama se mithyAdRSTi jIva kI sthiti kA kitanA sundara citraNa kiyA hai yaha dekhate hI banatA hai - kAyA citrasArI maiM karama parajaMka mArI, mAyA kI savArI seja cAdari klpnaa| saina karai cetana acetanA nIMda liyai, moha kI mora yahai locana ko ddhpnaa|| udai bala jora yahai svAsa kI sabada ghora, viSai-sukha kAraja kI daura yahai Rpnaa| aisI mUr3ha dasA maiM magana rahai tihU~kAla, dhAvai bhrama jAla mai na pAvai rUpa apnaa||14||

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA isI prakAra 'madhubinduka caupAI' meM kavi bhagavatIdAsa ne rUpaka ke mAdhyama saMsAra kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai : 122 yaha saMsAra mahAvana jAna / tAmahiM bhayabhrama kUpa samAna / / gaja jima kAla phirata nishdiis| tihaM pakarana kahu~ visvAvIsa / / vaTa kI jaTA laTaki jo rahI / so AyurdA jinavara kahI / / tiha~ jara kATata mUsA doya / dina aru raina lakhahu tuma soya / / mAMkhI cUMTata tAhi zarIra / so bahu rogAdika kI pIra / / ajagara pasyo kUpa ke biic| so bahu rogAdika kI pIra / / ajagara pasyo kUpa ke biic| so nigoda sabataiM gati bIca / / yAkI kachu marajAdA nAhiM / kAla anAdi rahai iha mAhiM / / tAtaiM bhinna kahI ihi Thaura / cahu~gati mahitaiM bhinna na aura / / cahu~diza cArahu mhaabhujNg| so gati cAra kahI sakhaMga / / madhu kI bUnda viSai sukha jAna / jiha~ sukha kAja rahyau ktimAna / / jyoM nara tyoM viSayAzrita jIva / iha vidhi saMkaTa sahai sadIva || vidyAdhara taha~ suguru samAna / de upadeza sunAvata jJAna / / isa prakAra rUpaka kAvya AdhyAtmika cintana ko eka nayI dizA pradAna karate haiN| sAdhakoM ne AdhyAtmika sAdhanoM meM prayukta vividha tattvoM ko bhinna-bhinna rUpakoM meM khojA hai aura unake mAdhyama se cintana kI gaharAI meM pahuMce haiN| isase sAdhanA meM nikhAra A gayA hai| rUpakoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa bhASA meM sarasatA aura AlaMkArikatA svabhAvataH abhivyaMjita huI hai /

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123 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 123 7. adhyAtma aura bhaktimUlaka kAvya hindI jaina sAhitya mUlataH adhyAtma aura bhaktiparaka hai| usameM zraddhA, jJAna aura AcAra, tInoM kA samanvaya hai| arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ina paMca parameSThiyoM kI bhakti meM sAdhaka kavi samyak sAdhanA patha para calatA hai aura sAdhya kI prApti kara letA hai| isa samyak sAdhana aura sAdhya kI anubhUti kaviyoM ke nimnAMkita sAhitya meM vividha prakAra se huI hai| 1. jaina kaviyoM ne jaina siddhAntoM kA vivecana kahIM-kahIM gadya meM na kara padya meM kiyA hai| vahA~ prAyaH kAvya gauNa ho gayA hai aura tattvavivecana mukhy| udAharaNataH bha.ratnakIrti ke ziSya sakalakIrti kA ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra, yazodhara kA tattvasAradUhA, vIracanda kI saMbodhasattANubhAvanA aadi| inheM hama AdhyAtmika kAvya kaha sakate haiN| 2. stavana jaina kaviyoM kA priya viSaya rahA hai / bhakti ke kSetra meM ve kisI se kama nahIM rhe| ina kaviyoM aura sAdhakoM kI ArAdhya ke prati vyakta niSkAma bhakti hai| unhoMne paMcaparameSThiyoM kI bhakti meM stotra, stuti, vinatI, dhUla Adi aneka prakAra kI racanAe~ likhI haiN| paMcakalyANaka stotra, paMcasatotra Adi racanAe~ vizeSa prasiddha hai| ina racanAoM meM mAtra stuti hI nahIM, pratyuta vahAMjaina siddhAntoM kA mArmika vivecana bhI nibaddha hai| 3. caupAI, jayamAla, pUjA Adi jaisI racanAoM meM bhI bhakti ke tattva nihita haiN| dohA aura caupAI apabhraMza sAhitya kI dena hai| jJAnapaMcamI caupAI, siddhAnta caupAI, DholA mAru caupAI, kumati

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vidhvaMsa caupAI jaisI caupAIyAM jaina sAhitya meM prasiddha haiN| yahAM eka ora jahAM siddhAnta kI prastuti hotI hai dUsarI aura aitihAsika tathyoM kA udghATana bhii| mUladeva caupAI isakA udAharaNa hai / 124 4. pUjA sAhitya jaina kaviyoM kA adhika hai| paMcaparameSThiyoM kI pUjA, paMcama dazalakSaNa, solahakAraNa, nirdoSasaptamIvrata Adivrata sambandhI pUjA, devaguru-zAstrapUjA, jayamAla Adi aneka prakAra kI bhaktiparaka racanAyeM milatI haiM / dyAnatarAya kA pUjA sAhitya vizeSa lokapriya huA hai / 5. cAMcara, holI, phAgu, yadyapi lokotsavaparaka kAvya rUpa hai para unameM jaina kaviyoM ne bar3e hI sarasa DhaMga se AdhyAtmika vivecana kiyA hai| cAMcara yA carcarI meM strI-puruSa hAthoM meM choTe-choTe DaNDe lekara TolI nRtya karate haiM / rAsa meM bhI lagabhaga yahI hotA hai / hiNDolanA holI aura phAgu meM to kaviyoM ne AdhyAtmikatA kA sundara puTa diyA hai| kahIM-kahIM sundara rUpaka tattva bhI milatA hai| 6. velikAvya rAjasthAna kI paramparA se guMthA huA hai| vahAM cAraNa kaviyoM ne isakA upayoga kiyA hai| bAda meM veli kAvya kA sambandha bhakti kAvya se ho gyaa| jaina kaviyoM ne ina veli kAvyoM meM bhakti tattva vivecana aura itihAsa prastuta kiyA hai / 7. saMkhyAtmaka aura varNanAtmaka sAhitya kA bhI sRjana huA hai / chanda saMkhyA ke AdhAra para kAvya kA nAmakaraNa kara diyA jAnA usa samaya eka sarvasAdhAraNa prathA thI, jaise madanazataka, nAmavAvanI, samakita vattIsI Adi /

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 125 8. bArahamAsA yadyapi Rtuparaka gIta hai para jaina kaviyoM ne ise AdhyAtmika sA banA liyA hai| neminAtha ke viyoga meM rAjalu ke bArahamAsa kaise vyatIta hote, isakA kalpanAjanya citraNa bArahamAsoM kA mukhya viSaya rahA hai| para sAtha hI adhyAtma bArahamAsA, samutikumati bArahamAsA Adi jaisI racanAyeM bhI upalabdha hotI haiM / 8. AdhyAtmika kAvya katipaya AdhyAtmika kAvya yahA~ ullekhanIya haiM - ratnakIrti kA ArAdhanA pratibodhasAra ( saM 1450), mahanandi kA pAhur3a dohA (saM 1600), brahmagulAla kI trepanakriyA ( saM 1665), banArasIdAsa kA nATaka samayasAra ( saM 1630) aura banArasIvilAsa, manoharadAsa kI dharma parIkSA ( saM 1705), bhagavatIdAsa kA brahma vilAsa ( saM 1755), vinayavijaya kA vinayavilAsa ( saM 1739), dyAnatarAya kI saMbodhapaMcAsikA tathA dharmavilAsa ( saM 1780), bhUdhara vilAsa kA bhUdharavilAsa, dIpacaMda zAha ke anubhava prakAza Adi ( saM 1781), devIdAsa kA paramAnanda vilAsa aura padapaMkata (saM 1812), ToDaramala kI rahasyapUrNa ciTThI (saM 1811), vudhajana kA budhajanavilAsa, paM. bhAgacanda kI upadeza siddhAnta mAlA ( saM 1905), chatrapata kA manamohana paMcazatI saM. 1905 Adi / jayasAgara (saM. 1580-1655) kA cunaDI gIta eka rUpaka kAvya hai jisameM neminAtha ke vana cale jAne para rAjula ne cAritrarUpI cUr3I ko jisa prakAra dhAraNa kiyA, usakA varNana hai / vaha cunar3I navaraMgI thii| guNoM kA raMga, jinavANI kA rasa, tapa kA teja milAkara vaha cUnar3I raMgI gaI / isI cUnar3I ko or3hakara vaha svarga gaI /

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126 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA cita cunar3I e je dhara se manavaMchita nema sukha kara se, saMsAra sAgara te tarase, puNyaratna no bhaMDAra bharase / suri ratnakIrti jasakArI, zubha dharmarAzi guNadhArI, naranAri cunar3I gAveM brahmajayasAgara kaheM bhAveM / jinarAjasUri ke vairAgyagIta kI kucha paMktiyAM dekhie suNi vehenI pIuDo paradesI Aja kai kAli calesi re, kaho kuNa morI sAra karelI, china china viraha dahesI re / viluddho aru madamAto kAla na jANyo jAto re / aciM prIyANo Avyo tAto rahI na sake raMga rAto re / suNa0 bATa vizama koi saMga na Avai priu akelo jAve re, viNu svAratha kaho kuNa pahocAve, Apa kIyA phala pAvei re| suNa0 (jaina gurjara kavio bhAga 3 pR0 375 (dvitIya saMskaraNa) - tribhuvanacandra ke anityapaMcAzaka (saM. 1650) meM chappaka aura savaiyA chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jinameM vairAgya aura adhyAtma ke bhAva kUTa-kUTa kara bhare hue haiN| kucha paMktiyAM dekhie - jahA~ hai saMyoga tahAM hota hai viyoga sahI, jahA~ hai janama tahA~ maraNa ko vAsa hai| saMpati vipati doU eka hI bhavana dAsI, jahA~ vasai suSa tahA~ duSa ko vilAsa hai| jagata meM bAra-bAra phire nAnA parakAra, karama avasthA jhUThI thiratA kI Asa hai / naTa kaise bheSa aura aura rUpa hohiM tAtaiM, haraSa na soga gyAtA sahaja udAsa hai|

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 127 candrazataka bhI kavi kI prauDha racanA hai jisameM AdhyAtmika bhAva gaharAI se ubharA huA hai| eka uddharaNa dekhie - guna sadA gunI mAMhi, guna gunI bhinna nAhiM, bhinnato vibhAvatA svabhAva sadA dekhiye| soI hai svarUpa Apa, Apa soM na hai mitApa, moha ke abhAva meM svabhAva zuddha dekhiye| chaho dravya sAsate, anAdi ke hI bhinna-bhinna, Apane svabhAva sadA aisI vidhi lekhiye| pAMca jar3a rUpa bhUpa cetana sarUpa eka, jAnapanoM sArA candra mAthe yo visekhiye| (DA0 premasAgara jaina hindIjainabhakti kAvya evaM kavipR0128-130 / dharmahaMsa (saM. 1580-1616) kI saMyamaratnasUri stuti meM saMyamahIna sAdhu ke sambandha meM bahuta acchA likhA hai - navi sobhai jima hAthI o re, daMta binA uttaMga, rUpa valiM karI Agalu re, gati binA turNg| candra binA jima rAtaDI re, gaMdha binA jima phuul| munivara caritrahIna tima, navi sobhai guNacaMga, sarvavirati tiNi sohatI, pAli mani jirNg| (jaina aitihAsika kAvya saMcaya (saM0 muni jinavijaya) racanA krama saM0 24 saMvAda bhI eka prAcIna vidhA rahI hai jasameM praznottara ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika jijJAsA kA samAdhAna kiyA jAtA thaa| narapati (16vIM zatI) kA daMtajivhA saMvAda, sahaja sundara (saM 1572) kA AMkha-kAna saMvAda, yauvana jarA saMvAda jaisI AkarSaka aisI sarasa racanAe~ haiM jinameM do indriyoM meM saMvAda hotA hai jinakI pariNata adhyAtma meM hotI hai| anya racanAoM meM rAvaNa mandodarI saMvAda (saM

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128 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 1562), motI kampAsiyA saMvAda, udyama karma saMvAda, samakitazIla saMvAda, kesigotama saMvAda, manajJAna saMgrAma, sumati-kumati kA jhagar3A, aMjanA sundarI saMvAda udyama karma saMvAda, kapaNanArI saMvAda, paMcendriya saMvAda, rAvaNa mandodarI saMvAda, jJAna darzana cAritra saMvAda, jasavaMtasUri kA locana kAjala saMvAda (17 vIM zatI) Adi bIsoM racanAe~ haiM jinameM rahasyAtmakatA ke tattva itane adhika mukharita hue haiM ki saMvAda gauNa ho gaye haiN| ina AdhyAtmika kAvyoM meM kaviyoM ne jaina siddhAntoM ko sarasa bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai| ina siddhAntoM ko prastuta karane meM eka aura jahA~ dArzanika chaTA dikhAI detI hai vahIM kAvyAtmaka bhAva aura bhASA kA sundara samanvaya bhI milatA hai| vilAsa kAvya isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya hai| kavi banArasIdAsa ne 'paramArthahiMDolanA' meM Atmatattva kA vivecana kAvyAtmaka zailI meM citrita kiyA hai - sahaja hiMDanA harakha hiDolanA, jhukata cetnraav| jahAM dharma karma saMvega upajata, rasa svabhAva / / jahaM sumana rUpa anUpa maMdira, sUruci bhUmi surNg| tahaM jJAna darzana khaMbha avicala, carana ADa abhNg|| maruvA suguna parajAya vicarana, bhauMra vimala vivek| vyavahAra nizcaya naya sudaNDI, sumati paTalI eka / / 1 / / kavi bhagavatIdAsa ne brahmavilAsa kI zataaSTottarI meM vizuddha AtmA karmo ke kAraNa kisa prakAra apane mUla svabhAva ko bhUla jAtA hai isakA sarasa citraNa khIMcA hai - kAyAsI ju nagarI meM citAnanda rAja karai, macayAsI ju rAnI pai magana bahu bhayau hai|

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129 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM mohaso hai phojadAra krodha so hai kautavAra, __lobha so vajIra jahAM lUTive ko rahyo hai|| udaiko ju kAjI mAne, mAna ko adala jAne, kAmasevA kAnavIsa Ai vAko kahyo hai| aisI rAjadhAnI meM apane guNa bhUla gayau, sudhi jaba AI tavai jJAna Aya gayo hai||29|| bhedavijJAna ke mahattva ko aneka dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se kavivara banArasIdAsa ne nATaka samayasAra meM spaSTa karane kA jo prayatna kiyA hai vaha spRhaNIya hai - jaise rajasodhA raja sodhimai daraba kADhe, pAvaka kanaka kADhi dAhata uplkauN| paMka ke garabha maiM jyauM DAriye kutalaphala, nIra karai ujjavala nitAri DArai mclkau|| dadhi ko mathaiyA mathi kADhai jaise mAkhanakau, rAjahaMsa jaise dUdha pIvai tyAgi jlkau| taiseM gyAnavaMta bhedagyAnakI sakati sAdhi, vedai nija saMpati uchaidai padala kau||1|| 9. stavana pUjA aura jayamAla sAhitya AdhyAtmika sAvana pUjA aura jayamAla kA apanA mahattva hai / sAdhaka rahasya kI prApti ke lie iSTadeva kI stuti aura pUjA karatA hai / bhakti ke sarasa pravAha meM usake rAgAdika vikAra prazAnta hone lagate haiM aura sAdhaka zubhopayoga se zuddhopayoga kI aura baDhane lagatA hai / paMcaparameSThiyoM kA stavana, tIrthakaroM kI pUjA aura unakI jayamAlA tathA AratI sAdhanA kA patha nirmANa karate haiM / isa sAhitya vidhA kI

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130 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA sImaMdhara svAmI stavana, mithyA dukkaNa vinatI garbhavicAra stotra, gajAnanda paMcAsikA, paMca stotra,sammedazikhira stavana,jaina caubIsI, vinatI saMgraha, nayanikSepa stavana Adi zatAdhika racanAeM haiM jo rahasya bhAvanA kI abhivyakti meM anyatama sAdhana kahI jA sakatI haiM / bhaktibhAva se otaprota honA inakI svAbhAvikatA hai / uparyukta stavana sAhitya meM kucha padoM kA rasAsvAdana kiijie| kavi bhUdaradAsa kI jinendrastuti antaH karaNa ko gaharAI se chUtI huI nikala rahI hai - aho jagata guru deva sunie hamArI / tuma prabhu dInadayAla, maiM dukhiyA saMsArI / / isa bhava vana ke mAMhi , kAla anAdi gamAyo / bhramyo caturgati mAhiM sukha nahiM dukha bahu pAyA / / karma mahAripu jora eka na kAma karai jI / mana mAne dukha dehiM kAhU soM nAhiM Darai jI / / isI prakAra dyAnatarAya kA svayaMbhU stotra bhI ullekhanIya hai jisameM tIrthakaroM kI mahimA kA gAna hai / isameM pArzvanAtha aura varddhamAna kI mahimA ke padya dRSTavya haiM daitya kiyo upasarga apAra, dhyAna dekhi Ayo phanidhAra / gayo kamaThazaThamukha kara zyAma ,namoM meru sama pArasa svAma / / bhavasAgara teM jIva apAra, dharama potameM dhare nihAra / DUbata aura kADhe dayA vicAra varddhamAna baMdoM bahu bAra / / pUjA aura jayamAlA sAhitya meM bhI katipaya udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM jo rahasyAtmaka tattva kI gahanatA ko samajhane meM sahAyaka banate haiN| arjunadAsa, ajayarAja pATanI, dyAnatarAya, vizvabhUSaNa,pAMDe jinadAsa

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM ___131 Adi aneka kavi hue hai jinhoMne saMgIta sAhitya likhA hai / dekhie kavivara dyAnatarAya kI solahakAraNa pUjA meM kitanIbhAva vibhoratA hai - kaMcana jhArI nirmala nIra, pUjo jinavara guna gabhIra / paramaguru ho jaya jaya nAtha parama guru ho / / darazavizuddha bhAvanA bhAya solaha tIrthakara pada pAya / paramaguru ho jaya jaya nAtha parama guru ho / isI pakAra bhagavatIdAsa ne brahmavilAsa meM paramAtmA kI jayamAlA meM brahmarUpa paramAtmA kA citraNa kiyA hai| eka hi brahma asaMkhyapradeza / guNa anaMta cetanatA bheSa / zakti anaMta lasai jiha maahi| jAsama aura dUsarA nAhiM / / darzana jJAna rUpa vyavahAra / nizcaya siddha samAna nihaar| nahiM karatA nahiM kari hai koy| sadA sarvadA avicala soy|| caDapaI kAvyoM meM jJAnapaMcamI, balibhadra, DholAmAru, kumatividhvaMsa, viveka, malasundarI Adi racanAe~ ullekhanIya haiM jo bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| inake atirikta mAladeva kI purandara cau., surasundarI cau., vIrAMgada cau., devadatta cau. Adi,rAyamala kI candragupta cau., sAdhukIrti kI namirAja cau., sahajakIrti kI harizcandra cau., nAhara jaTamala kI premavilAsa cau., TIkama kI caturdaza cau., jinaharSa kI RSidattA cau., yati rAmacandra kI mUladeva cau., lakSmI ballabha kI ratnahAsa caupaI bhI sarasatA kI dRSTi se udAharaNIya haiN| 10. cUnar3I kAvya cUnar3I kAvya meM rUpaka tattva adhika garbhita rahatA hai| isI ke mAdhyama se jainadharma ke pramukha tattvoM ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai|

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132 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vinayacanda kI cUnar3I (saM 1576), sAdhukIrti kI cUnar3I (saM 1648), bhagavatIdAsa kI mukati ramaNI cUnar3I (saM 1680), candrakIrti kI cAritra cUnar3I (saM 1655) Adi kAvya isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya haiN| vinayacandra kI cUnar3I meM patnI pati se aisI cUnar3I cAhatI hai jo use bhava samudra se pAra karA sake -' 11. phAgu, beli, bArahamAso aura vivAhalo sAhitya __phAgu meM bhI kavi atyanta bhaktavibhora aura AdhyAtmika saMtasA dikhAI detA hai| isameM kavi tIrthaMkara yA AcArya ke prati samarpita hokara bhaktirasa ko ur3elatA hai| maladhArI rAjazekhara sUri kI nemicanda phAgu (saM 1405), halarAja kI sthUlibhadra phAgu (saM 1409), sakalakIrti kI zAntinAtha phAgu (saM 1480), somasundara sUri kI neminAtha varasa phAgu (saM 1450), jJAnabhUSaNa kI AdIzvara phAgu (saM 1560), mAladeva kI sthUlabhadra phAgu (saM 1612), vAcaka kanaka soma kI maMgala kalaza phAgu (saM 1649), ratnakIrti, dhanadevargANa, samaMdhara, ratnamaNDala, rAyamala, aMcalakIrti, vidyAbhUSaNa Adi kaviyoM kI neminAtha tIrthaMkara para AdhArita phAgu racanAeM kAvya kI nayI vidhA ko prastuta karatI hai jisameM sarasatA, sahajatA aura samarasatA kA darzana hotA hai| neminAtha aura rAjula ke vivAha kA varNana karate samaya kavi atyanta bhaktavibhora aura AdhyAtmika saMtasA dikhAI detA hai| isI taraha hemavimala sUri phAgu (saM 1554), pArzvanAtha phAgu (saM 1558), vasanta phAgu, suraMgAnidha nemi phAgu, adhyAtma phAgu Adi zatAdhika phAguracanAe~ AdhyAtmikatA se jur3I huI haiN|

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 133 kharataragaccha ke AcArya jinapadmasUri (saM. 1400) kI sirithUlibhaddaphAgu baDI sundara racanA hai| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se sarasa aura madhura haiN| unhoMne pahale to kozA ke aMga-pratyaMga kI suSamA kA bar3A AkarSaka citra prastuta kiyaa| kavi likhatA hai - mayaNa khagga jima lahalahaMta jasu veNI dNddo| saralau taralau sAmalau romAvali dNddo| tuMga payohara ullasai siMgAra thavakkA / kusuma vANi niya amitha kuMbha kira thAyaNi mukkA / / 12 / / 1 (prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha krama saM0 5, evam) aura phira kozA dvArA nAnA prakAra ke sthUlabhadra ko rijhAne kA prayatna karane para bhI sthUlabhadra kA aDiga rahane kA citra khIMcanA hai| unakI saMyama sAdhanA kA eka aura mArmika citraNa dekhie - ciMtAmaNi pariharavi kavaNu patthara givhei| tima saMjaya siri parina evi bahudhamma samujjala, AliMgai tuha kosa kavanu para saMta mhaabl| inake atirikta phAgulamAsa varNana siddhivilAsa (saM 1763), adhyAtma phAgu, lakSmIballabha phAgu racanAoM ke sAthahI dhamAla-saMjJaka racanAe~ bhI jaina kaviyoM kI milatI hai jinheM hindI meM dhamAra kahA jAtA hai| aSTachApa ke kavi nandadAsa aura govindadAsa Adine vasaMta aura TolI padoM kI racanA dhamAra nAma se hI kI hai| lagabhaga 15-20 aisI hI dhamAra racanAe~ milatI haiM jinameM jina samudrasUri kI nemi horI racanA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| beli sAhitya meM vAchA kI cahuMgati veli (saM 1520 I0),

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134 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA sakalakIrti (16vIM zatAbdI) kI karpUrakatha beli, mahAraka vIracaMda kI jambUsvAmI beli (saM 1690), ThakurasI kI paMcendriya beli (saM 1578), malladAsa kI krodhabeli (saM 1588), harSakIrti kI paMcagati beli (saM 1683), brahma jIvaMdhara kI guNaNA beli (16vIM zatAbdI), abhayanaMdi kI hariyAla beli (saM 1630), kalyANakIrti kI laghubAhubalI beli (saM 1692), lAkhAcaraNa kI kRSNarukmaNi beli TabbATIkA (saM 1638), tathA 6vIM zatI ke vIracanda, devAnaMdi, zAMtidAsa, dharmadAsa kI kramazaH sudarzana bali, jambUsvAminI beli, bAhubalinI beli, bharata beli, laghubAhubali beli, gurubeli aura 17vIM zatI ke brahmajayasAgara kI mallidAsinI beli va sAha lohaThakI SaDlezyAbeli kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai jisameM bhakta kaviyoM ne apane sarasa bhAvoM ko gunagunAtI bhASA meM utArane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| bArahamAsA bhI madhyakAla kI eka vidhA rahI hai jisameM kaviapane zraddhAspada deva yA AcArya ke bArahamAsoM kI dinacaryA kA vidhivat AkhyAna karatA hai| aisI racanAoM meM hIrAnanda sUri kA sthUlibhadra bArahamAsA aura neminAtha bArahamAsA (15vIM zatI) DUMgara kA neminAtha phAga ke nAma se bArahamAsA (saM 1535) brahmabUcarAja kA nemIzvara, bArahamAsA (saM 1581), ratnakIrti kA nemi bArahamAsA (saM 1614), jinaharSa kA nemirAjamati bArahamAsA (saM 1713), ballabha kA nemirAjula bArahamAsA (saM 1727), vinodIlAla agravAla kA nemirAjula bArahamAsA (saM 1749) siddhivilAsa kA phAguNamAsa varNana (saM 1763), bhavAnIdAsake adhyAtma bArahamAsa (saM 1781),

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 135 sumati-kumati-kumati bArahamAsa, vinayacandra kA neminAtha bArahamAsa (18vIM zatI) Adi racanAe~ vizeSa prasiddha haiN| ye racanAeM adhyAtma aura bhaktiparaka haiM / isI taraha kI aura bhI zatAdhika racanAeM hai jo rahasya sAdhanA kI pAvana saritA ko pravAhita kara rahI hai| svatantra rUpa se bArahamAsA 16vIM zatI ke uttarArdha se adhika milate haiN| vivAhalo bhI eka vidhA rahI hai| jisameM sAdhaka kavi ne apane bhaktibhAva ko piroyA hai| isa sandarbha meM jinaprabhasUri (14vIM zatI) kA aMtaraMga vivAha, hIrAnaMdasUri (15vIM zatI) ke aThArahanAtA vivAhalo aura jambUsvAmI vivAhalo, brahmavinayadeva sUri (saM. 1615) kA neminAtha vivAhalo, mahimasundara (saM 1665) kA neminAtha vivAhalo, sahajakIrti kA zAMtinAtha vivAhalau (saM 1678), vijaya ratnasUri kA pArzvanAtha vivAhalo (saM 8vIM zatI) jaisI racanAeM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| ina kAvyoM meM carita nAyakoM ke vivAha prasaMgo kA varNana to hai hI para kucha kaviyoM ne vratoM ke grahaNa ko nArI kA rUpaka dekara usakA vivAha kisI saMyamI vyakti se racAyA hai| isa taraha dravya aura bhAva donoM vivAha ke rUpa yahAM milate haiN| aise kAvyoM meM udayanaMdi sUri vivAhalA, kIrtiratna sUri, guNaratna sUri sumatisAdhusUri aura hema vimala sUri vivAhale haiN| isI taraha kharataragacchIya somamUrti kA jinezvarasUri saMyama zrI vivAha varNanArAsa (saM.1331-32) kI nimna paMktiyAM dekhiye jisameM bAlaka ambaDa saMsAra kI asAratA kA anubhavakara apanI mAtA se Agraha karatA hai -

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136 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA paraNisu saMyamasiri vara nArI bhAi mAe majjhu maNaha piyArI; jAsu pasAiNa vaMchiu sijjhae balavina saMsAramiM paDijjae / / 1 / / brahma jinadAsa (15vIM zatI) ne apena rUpaka kAvya 'paramahaMsa rAsa' meM zuddha svabhAvI AtmA kA citraNa kiyA hai| yaha paramahaMsa AtmA mAyA rUpa ramaNI ke AkarSaNa se moha grasita ho jAtA hai| cetanA mahiSI ke dvArA samajhAye jAne para bhI vaha mAyAjAla se bAhara nahIM nikala paataa| usakA mAtra bahirAtmA jIva kAyA nagarI meM baca rahatA hai| mAyA se mana-putra paidA hotA hai| mana kI nivRtti va pravRtti rUpa do patniyoM se kramazaH viveka aura moha nAmaka putroM kI utpatti hotI hai / ye sabhI paramahaMsa (bahirAtmA) ko kArAgAra meM banda kara dete haiM aura nivRtti tathA viveka ko ghara se bAhara kara dete haiN| idhara moha ke zAsanakAla meM pApa vAsanAoM kA vyApAra prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| moha kI dAsI durgati se kAma, rAga, aura dveSa ye tIna putra tathA hiMsA, ghRNA aura nidrA ye tIna putriyA~ hotI haiN| viveka sanmati se vivAha karatA hai samyaktva ke khaDga se mithyAtva ko samApta karatA hai| paramahaMsa Atmazakti ko jAgrata kara svAtmopalabdhi ko prApta karatA haiN| isI taraha brahmavUcarAja, banArasIdAsa Adi ke kAvya bhI isI prakAra bhAvAbhivyakti se otaprota hai| phAgu sAhitya meM neminAtha phAgu (bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti) yahAM ullekhanIya hai| kavi ne rAjula kI sundaratA kA varNana kiyA hai - candravadanI mRgalocanI, mocanI khaMjana mIna / vAsaga nItpo veNii, meNiNa madhukara diin||

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 137 yugala gala dAye zazi, upamA nAsA kITa / adhara vidruma sama upamA, daMta nU nirmala nIra / / ciduka kamala para SaTpada, Ananda karai sudhApAna / grIvA sundara somIta kamba kapolane bAna / / 6 kucha phAguoM meM adhyAtama kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se banArasIdAsa kA adhyAtama phAga ullekhanIya hai jisameM kavine phAga ke sabhI aMga pratyaMgoM kA sambandha adhyAtma se joDa diyA hai - bhavaparaNati cAcarita bhaI ho, aSTakarma bana jAla / alakha amUrati AtamA ho, khelai dharma dhamAla / / nayapaMkati cAcari mili ho jJAna dhyAna uphatAla / picakArI pada sAdhanA ho saMvara bhAva gulAla || aitihAsika kAvya ke sAtha hI AdhyAtmika veliyA~ bhI milatI haiN| ina AdhyAtmika veliyoM meM 'paMcendriya veli' vizeSa ullekhanIya hai jisameM kavi ThAkurasI ne paMcendriyaviSaya vAsanA ke phala ko spaSTa kiyA hai| sparzendriya meM Asakti kA pariNAma hai ki hAthI lauha zrRMkhalAoM se baMdha jAtA hai aura kIcaka, rAvaNa Adi dAruNa duHkha pAte haiN| vana taruvara phala sau~ phiri, paya pIvata hu svcchNd| parasaNa indrI preriyo, bahu dukha sahai gayanda / / bAdhyo pAga saMkula ghAle, so kiyo masakai cAle / parasaNa prarehaM dukha pAyo, tini aMkuza dhAvA dhAyo / / parasaNa rasa kIcaka pUrayau, sahi bhIma zilAtala cUryo / parasaNa rasa rAvaNa nAmai, vAracau laMkesura rAmai / / parasaNa rasa zaMkara rAcyau tiya Age naTa jyau nAcyo / / '

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138 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA madhyakAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya meM 'bArahamAsA' bahuta likhe gaye haiN| unameM se kucha to nizcita hI uccakoTi ke haiN| kavi vinodIlAla kA nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA yahA~ ullekhanIya hai jisameM bhAva aura bhASA kA sundara samanvaya dikhAI detA hai / yahA~ rAjula ne apane priya nemi ko prApya pauSa mAha kI vividha kaThinAiyoM kA smaraNa dilAyA haipiya pauSa meM jADau dhano, bina sauMr3ha ke zIta kaise bhara ho| kahA oDhege zIta lage jaba hI, kidhI pAtana kI dhuvanIdhara ho|| tumharo prabhujI tana komala hai, kaise kAma kI phaujana sauM lara hau| jaba AvegI zIta taraMga sabai, taba dekhata hI tinako Dara ho|| 12. saMkhyAtmaka kAvya madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne saMkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA vipula parimANa meM sRjana kiyA hai / kahIM yaha sAhitya stutiparaka hai to kahIM upadeza paraka, kahIM adhyAtmaka paraka hai to kahIM rahasya bhAvanA prk| isa vidhA meM samAsazailI kA upayoga dRSTavya hai| lAvaNyasamaya kA sthUlabhadra ekavIso (saM. 1553), hIrakalaza siMhAsanavatIsI (saM. 1631), samayasundara kA dasazIla tapabhAvanA saMvAdazataka (saM. 1662), dAso kA madanazataka (saM. 1645), udayarAja kI guNavAvanI (saM. 1676), banArasIdAsa kI samakitavattIsI (saM. 1681), pADe rUpacanda kA paramArtha dohAzataka, Anandaghana kA Anandaghana bahattarI (saM. 1705), pANDe helarAja kA sitapaTa caurAsI bola (saM. 1709), jinaraMga sUri kI prabodhavAvanI

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 139 (saM. 1731), rAyamalla kI adhyAtmavattIsI (17vIM zatI), vihArIdAsa kI sambodhapaMcAsikA (saM. 1758), bhUdharadAsa kA jainazataka (saM. 1781), budhajana kA carcAzataka Adi kAvya adhyAtmarasatA ke kSetra meM ullekhanIya haiN| uparyukta saMkhyAtmaka sAhitya meM se kucha manorama padya nIce udRdhRta haiN| banArasIdAsa viracita jJAnavAvanI ke nimna padya meM AtmajJAnI kI avasthA aura usake jIvana kI gatividhiyoM kA citraNa dekhate hI banatA hai - Rtu barasAta nadI nAle sara jora car3he, ___ bAdai nahiM marajAda sAgara ke phena kii| nIra ke pravAha tRNa kATha vRnda bahe jAta, citrAvele Ai car3he nAhIM kahU gaila kii|| banArasIdAsa aise paMcana ke parapaMca, raMcaka na saMka Avai vIra buddhi chaila kii| kucha na anIta na kyoM prIti para guNa ketI, aisI rIti vina rIti adhyAtama shailii|| isI prakAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne anityapaccIsikA ke eka padya meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki durlabha narabhava ko pAkara saccA Atmabodha na hone se prANI bhautika sukhoM meM ulajhA rahatA hai| nara deha hAye kahA, paMDita kahAye kahA, tIrtha ke nhAye kahA taTi to na jaihai re / lacchi ke kamAye kahA, accha ke adhAye kahA, chatra ke dharAye kahA chInatA na aihaire / /

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140 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA keza ke muMDAye kahA bheSa ke banAye kahA, jIvana ke Aye kahA, jarAhU na khaihe re| bhrama ko vilAsa kahA, durjana meM vAsa kahA, Atama prakAza vina pIche pachitaihe re|| isI taraha vinayacandra sUri (14 vIM zatI) kI neminAtha catuSpAdikA kA phAlguna varNana dekhie jo jAyasI ke viyoga varNana kI bhAMti atyanta mArmika bana paDA hai - phAguna vAguNi panna paDaMti, rAjala durika ki taru royti| gabbhi bhalivi hau~ kAina mUya, bhaNai vihaMgala dhAraNi dhUpa / / 23 / / 13. gIti kAvya hindI kA bhaktikAla bhakti bhAvanAoM kA yuga thaa| sAmAjika dAyitva ke prati itanI pratibaddhatA nahIM thii| isa kAla ke bhakta kavi IzvaronmukhI adhika rhe| phalataH AdhyAtmika rahasyavAda panapA, jisa para spaSTataH apabhraMza muktaka kAvyoM kA prabhAva thaa| yahIM se hindI gItikAvya kA vikAsa huA / hindI ke pahale gItikAra maithila kavi vidyApati the, jinake kAvya meM gItikAvya kI lagabhaga sabhI vizeSatAe~ dRSTigata hotI haiN| unake bAda AcArya vallabha aura AcArya viTThala ne aSTachApa kI sthApanA kI aura gItikAvya paramparA kA vikAsa kiyaa| ina aSTachApa kaviyoM ke pUrvavartI nirguNiyA~ saMtoM (nAmadeva, kabIra, nAnaka, dAdU, dayAla, raidAsa Adi) para apabhraMza ke yogIndu aura muni rAma siMha Adi saMta kaviyoM ke muktaka kAvyoM kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki aSTachApa ke kaviyoM ne

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 141 kaMgAra evaM vAtsalya kA utkarSa dikhAyA aura madhurA bhakti ke citraNa meM virahiNI gopiyoM ke mAdhyama se saMyoga aura vipralambha kI prAya:sabhI dazAoM kA varNana kiyA aura isI krama meM nakha-zikha evaM uddIpaka prakRti kA vistRta vivecana kiyA jisa para thera-therI gAthA tathA prAkRta apabhraMza kAvyoM kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| gIti kAvya kA sambandha AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se bhI hai| AdhyAtmika bhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattvoM ko dUrakara sAdhaka, sAdhaka tattvoM ko prApta karatA hai aura unameM ramaNa karate hue eka aisI sthiti ko prApta kara letA hai jaba usake mana meM saMsAra se vitRSNA aura vairAgya kA bhAva jAgrata ho jAtA hai| phalataH vaha sadguru kI preraNA se AtmA kI vizuddhAvasthA meM pahuMca jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kI AtmA paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie Atura ho uThatI hai aura usa sAkSAtkAra kI abhivyakti ke lie vaha rUpaka, AdhyAtmika vivAha, AdhyAtmika holI, phAgu Adi sAhityika vidhAoM kA avalambana khoja letI hai| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvyoM meM ina vidhAoM kA vizeSa upayoga huA hai| usameM sAdhanAtmaka aura bhAvanAtmaka donoM prakAra kI rahasya sAdhanAoM ke digdarzana hote haiN| sAdhanA kI cirantanatA, mArmikatA saMvedanazIlatA, svasaMvedanatA, bhedavijJAna Adi tattvoM ne sAdhaka ko niraMjana, nirAkAra, parama vItarAga Adi rUpoM meM page hue sAdhya ko prApta karane kA mArga prastuta kiyA hai aura cidAnanda caitanyamaya brahmAnanda rasa kA khUba pAna karAyA hai| sAtha hI paramAtmA ko alakha, agama, nirAkAra, adhyAtmagamya, parabrahma, jJAnamaya, cidrUpa, niraMjana, anakSara, azarIrI, gurugusAI, agUr3ha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kara use rahasyamaya banA diyA hai| dAmpatya mUlaka

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA prema kA bhI sarala pravAha usakI abhivyakita ke nirjhara se jharatA huA dikhAI detA hai ina saba tattvoM ke milana se jaina-sAdhakoM kA rahasya parama rahasya bana jAtA hai jo gItikAvya kI AtmA hai / 142 gIti kAvya meM nAmasmaraNa aura dhyAna kA vizeSa mahattva hai| unase geyAtmaka tattva meM saghanatA AtI hai| isalie jaina sAdhakoM ne nAma sumirana aura ajapA jApa ko apanI sahaja sAdhanA kA viSaya banAyA hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa se paramAtmA aura tIrthaMkaroM kA nAma lenA sumirana hai tathA mAlA lekara unake nAma kA japa karanA bhI sumirana hai| DaoN. pItAmbara datta baDthavAla ne sumirana ke jo tIna bheda mAne haiM unheM jaina sAdhakoM ne apanI sAdhanA meM apanAyA hai| unhoMne bAhyasAdhana kA khaMDanakara antaHsAdhanA para bala diyA hai| vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se jApa karanA anucita nahIM hai para nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se use bAhya kriyA mAnA hai / tabhI to dyAnatarAya jI aise sumirana ko mahattva dete haiM jisameM - auso sumarana kariye re bhaaii| pavana thaMmai mana kitahu na jAI / / paramesura sauM sAcauM rahijai / loka raMjanA bhaya taji dIjai / / yama aru niyama doU vidhi dhArauM / Asana prANAyAma sAmarau / / pratyAhAra dhAranA kIjai / dhyAna samAdhi mahArasa vIjai / / anahada ko dhyAna kI sarvocca avasthA kahA jA sakatA hai jahAM sAdhaka antaratama meM praveza kara rAga-dveSAdika vikArI bhAvoM se zUnya ho jAtA hai| vahAM zabda atIta ho jAte haiM aura anta meM AtmA kA hI bhAva zeSa raha jAtA hai| kAna bhI apanA kArya karanA baMda kara detA hai| kevala bhramaraguMjana-sA zabda kAnoM meM gUMjatA rahatA hai /

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 143 anahada sabada sadA suna re / / Apa hI jAnaiM aura na jAneM, kAna binA suniye dhuna re / / bhamara guMja sama hota nirantara, tA aMtara gati citavana re / / isIlie dyAnatarAya ne so'haM ko tIna loka kA sAra kahA hai / jina sAdhakoM ke zvAsocchavAsa ke sAtha sadaiva "so'haM so'haM" kI dhvani hotI rahatI hai aura jo so'haM ke artha ko samajhakara, ajapA kI sAdhanA karate haiM, ve zreSTha haiM - sohaM sohaM hota nita, sAMsA usAsa majhAra / tAko aratha vicAriyai, tIna loka meM sAra / / tIna loka meM sAra, ghara siva kheta nivAsI / aSTa karma sauM rahita, sahita guNa aSTa vilAsI / / jaisA taiso Apa, thApa nihacai taji sohaM / ajapA jApa saMbhAra, sAra sukha sohaM sohaM / / AnaMdaghana kA bhI yahI mata hai ki jo sAdhaka AzAoM ko mArakara apane aMtaH kAraNa meM ajapA jApa ko jagAte haiM ve cetana mUrti niraMjana kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiN| isIlie saMta AnaMdaghana bhI soshaM ko saMsAra kA sAra mAnate haiM - cetana aisA jJAna vicAro / sohaM sohaM sohaM sohaM sohaM aNu nabI yA sAro / / isa ajapA kI anahada dhvani utpanna hone para AnaMda ke megha kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai aura jIvAtmA saubhAgyavatI nArI ke sadRzya bhAvavibhora ho uThatI hai -

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144 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA upajI dhuni ajapA kI anahada, jIta nkssaarevaarii| jhar3I sadA AnaMdaghana barakhata, bana mora ekntaarii|| 1. hindI sAhitya, pR. 15, isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki hindI jaina sAhitya meM gItikAvya kA pramukha sthAna rahA hai| usameM vaiyaktika bhAvAtmaka anubhUti kI gaharAI, AtmaniSThatA, sarasatA aura saMgItAtmakatA Adi tattvoM kA sanniveza sahaja hI dekhane ko mila jAtA hai| lAvanI, bhajana, gIta, pada Adi prakAra kA sAhitya isake antargata AtA hai| isameM AdhyAtma, nIti, upadeza, darzana, vairAgya, bhakti Adi kA sundara citraNa milatA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa, budhajana, dyAnatarAya, daulatarAma, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa Adi kaviyoM kA gIti sAhitya vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| jaina gItikAvya sUra, tulasI, mIrA Adi ke pada sAhitya se kisI prakAra kama nhiiN| bhakti sambandhI pado meM sUra, tulasI ke samAna dAsya-sakhya bhAva, dInatA, pazcAttApa Adi bhAvoM kA sundara aura sarasa citraNa hai / jaina kaviyoM ke ArAdhya rAma ke samAna zakti aura saundarya se samanvita yA kRSNa ke samAna zakti saundarya se yukta nahIM hai| ve to pUrNa vItarAgI hai| ataH bhakta na unase kucha abhISTa kI kAmanA kara sakatA hai aura na usakI AkAMkSApUrNa hI ho sakatI hai| isake lie to use hI samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA paripAlana karanA hogaa| ataH yahAM abhivyakta bhakti niSkAma ahetuka bhakti haiN| bhAvAveza meM kucha kaviyoM ne avazya unakA patitapAvana rUpa aura ulAhanA Adi se sambaddha pada likhe haiN| ___ hindI jaina kaviyoM ne gItikAvya ko eka naI dizA dI hai| use unhoMne adhyAtmika sAdhanA se jor3a diyA hai| isalie usameM saghanatA, gaMbhIratA aura sacetanatA adhika dikhAI detI hai| madhyakAlIna hindI

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 145 jaina kaviyoM meM ye gItAtmaka tattva adhika vikasita hue haiN| banArasIdAsa, jinaprabhasUri, Anandatilaka, vRndAvana, udayarAja, jinarAjasUri, bhUdharadAsa, dyAnatarAya, devIdAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, vinayasAgara, anandaghana, yazovijaya Adi kavi isa saMdarbha meM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM - mhAre pragaTe deva niraMjana (banArasIdAsa) piyA tuma niThura bhaye kyU~ sese (AnaMdadhana) re mana bhaja - bhaja dInadayAla (dyAnatarAya) nijapura meM Aja macI horI (buddhajana ) merI mana aisI khelata horI (daulatarAma ) bhagavaMta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re (bhUdharadAsa) muni ThaganI mAyA, taiM saba jaga Thaga khayA (bhUdharadAsa) re mana! kara sadA saMtoSa (banArasIdAsa) satasaMgati jana meM sukhadAyI (dyAnatarAya) ina sabhI vizeSatAoM ko hama zatAdhika hindI jaina pada aura gItikAvyoM meM dekha sakate haiN| udAharaNArtha- NamokAraphalagIta, muktAphalagIta, nemIzvaragIta, (bha. sakalakIrti, saM. 14431499), bArahavratagIta- jIvapar3AgIta - jiNandagIta (brahmajinadAsa, saM. 1445 se 1525), nemIzvaragIta ( catarumala, saM. 1571), trepanakriyAgIta (bha. bhImasena, saM. 1520), vijayakIrtigIta, TaMDANAgItaneminAtha vasaMta (brahmabUcarAja, saM. 1591 ), neminAthagIta - mallanAthagIta ( yazodhara, saM. 1581), aSTAnhikA gIta aura pada ( zubhacandra), sImaMdhara svAmIgIta (bha. vIracandra, saM. 1580), vasantavilAsagIta (sumatikIrti, saM. 1626), paMvasahelIpaMthigIta - udaragIta (chIhala, saM. 1574), padasaMgraha (jinadAsa

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146 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA pAMDe), phuTakara zatAdhika gIta (samayasundara, saM. 1641-1700), pUjyavAhanagIta (kuzalalAbha), gItasAhitya (brahmasAgara, saM. 1580-1655), kumudacandra kA gItasAhitya saM. 1645-1687), ArAdhanAgIta vAdicandra (saM. 1651), jinarAjasUrigIta (sahajakIrti, saM. 1662), neminAthapada (hemavijaya, saM. 1666), neminAtharAjula Adi gIta (harSakIrti, saM. 1683), muni abhayacandra kA gIta sAhitya (saM. 1685-1721), brahmadharmaruci kA gIta sAhitya (16vIM), saMyama sAgara kA gIta sAhitya, (saM. 16vIM zatI), kanakakIrti kA gIta sAhitya (16vIM zatI), jinaharSa kA gIta sAhitya (17vIM zatI), lagatarAma kI jaina padAvalI (saM. 1724), kizanasiMha kA gIta sAhitya (saM. 1771), bhUdharadAsa kA pada saMgraha, bhavAnIdAsa kA gIta sAhitya (saM. 1791), mANikacaMda kA pada sAhitya (saM. 1800), navalarAma kA pada sAhitya (saM. 1825), aise hajAroM pada hindI jaina kaviyoM ke yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiM jinameM AdhyAtmikatA aura rahasyavAditA ke tattvaguMjita ho rahe haiN| ____ yaha kAvya vidhA vyaSTi aura samaSTi cetanA kA samahita kie hue hai| AdhyAtmika vizleSaNa ko dhyAnAtmakatA ke sAtha jor3akara kaviyoM ne sundara aura sarasa bhAvabodha kI sarjanA prastuta kI hai| AtmA se paramAtmA taka kI AyAsamayI dIrgha yAtrA meM pUjA, upAsanA, ulAhanA, dAsyabhakti, zaraNAgati, dAmpatyabhAva, phAga, holI, vAtsalyabhAva, mana kI caMcalatA, snehAdika vikArabhAvoM kI pariNati, satsaMgati, saMsAra kI asAratA, AtmasaMbodhana, bhedavijJAna, AdhyAtmika vivAha, cittazuddhi Adi viSayoM para hindI jaina kaviyoM ne jisa mArmikatA aura talasparzitA ke sAtha zabdoM meM apane bhAva gUMthe haiM ve kAvya kI dRSTi se to uttama haiM hI para rahasya sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI ve anupamatA liye hue haiN|

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147 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM uparyukta gIta athavA pada me se katipaya padoM kI sarasatA ullekhanIya hai| adhikAMza padoM meM Avazyaka sabhI tattva nihita haiN| saMgItAtmakatA kI dRSTi se bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA nimna pada kitanA madhura hai| isameM zarIra ko paradezI ke rUpa meM darzAkara yathArthatA kA citraNa baDI kuzalatA se kiyA hai kahA paradezI ko ptiyaaro| manamAne taba calai paMtha ko, sAMjha ginai na sakArau / sabai kuTumba chAMr3a itahI puni, tyAga calai tana pyaarau| dUra dizAvara calata Apa hI, kauu na rokana haarau|| koU prIti karo kina koTika, anta hoyagA nyaarau| dhana sauM rAci dharama sau bhUlata, jhUlata moha mNjhaarau| ihi vidhi kAla ananata gamAyo, pAyoM nahiM bhava paarau|| sAMcai sukhaso vimukha hota ho, bhrama madirA mtvaaro| cetahu ceta sunahu re bhaiyA, Apa hI Apa sNbhaarau|| isI prakAra AtmAbhivyakti kA tattva kavi daulatarAma ke nimna pada meM abhivyaMjita hai - merau mana aisI khelata horI / mana miradaMgasAja kari tayArI, tana ko tamUrA bnorii| sumati suraMga sAraMgI bajAI, tAla dou krjorii| rAga pAMcoM pada korii||mero mn|| samakitirUpa nIra bhI jhArI, karunA kezara ghaurii| jJAnamaI lekara picakArI, dou kara mAhiM smhorii| indrI pAMcau sakhi borii| mero mana / / 2 / / kavivara banArasIdAsa ke isa pada meM bhAva aura abhivyaMjanA kA kitanA samanvaya hai -

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148 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA cetana tU tihU~kAla akelaa| nadI nAva saMjoga milai jyau, tyauM kuTumba kA melA ||cetnaa|| yaha saMsAra apAra rUpa saba, jyau paTa pekhana khelaa| sukha sampatti zarIra jala budabuda, vinazata nAhIM belaa||cetn|| moha magana ati magana bhUlata, parI tohi gljelaa| maiM maiM karata cahU~ gati Dolata, bolata jaise chelA ||cetn|| kahata banArasi mithyAmata taji, hoya saguru kA celaa| tAsavacana paratIta, Anayi, hoirAhaja surjhelaa||cetnaa|| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ke nimna gIti pada ko dekhie jise bhaktibhAva ke samartha kavi sUra, tulasI, nandadAsa, mIrA, aura sundaradAsa Adi ke padoM ke samakakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai - bhajana binu jIvita jaise preta, malina manda mati ghara-ghara Dolata, udara bharana ke heta, durmukha vacana bakata nita nindA, sajjanasakaladukha det| kabahu~ pApako pAvata paiso, gAr3he dhUri meM deta, guru brahmana abuta jana sajjana, jAta na kavaNa niket| sevA nahIM prabhuterI kabahuM, bhuvana nIla ko khet| (saM0 muni zrI kIrtiyaza vijaya - gurjarasAhityasaMgraha - 1, bambaI) isa saMdarbha meM jainetara gIti kAvya paramparA para jaina gIti paramparA kA prabhAva bhI anveSaNIya hai| jaina saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura hindI gItikAvyoM ne to jainetara gItikAvyoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hI hai, tamila aura kannaDa jaisI prAcIna dakSiNa bhAratIya bhASAoM meM bhI jaina kaviyoM aura AcAryoM ne prabhUta mAtrA meM gItikAvyoM kA sRjana kiyA hai aura unakA unapara prabhAva bhI par3A hai|

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149 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM Adhunika kAla meM gItikAvya kA aura bhI vikAsa huaa| vyakti kI paristhitiyAM badalatI gaIM aura vaha sAMsArikatA meM phaMsatA gyaa| phira bhI saMskAroM ne use svayaM ko khojane ke lie vivaza kara diyaa| bhAvoM ke saMsAra ne AdhyAtmikatA kI ora khIMcakara use satya para pratiSThita hone kA AmantraNa diyaa| jaina kaviyoM ne isa AmantraNa ko apane kAvya-sRjana meM utaaraa| zatAdhika jaina kaviyoM ne gItikAvya likhe| Adhunika jainakavi, anekAnta kAvya saMgraha aura Adhunika jaina kaviH cetanA ke svara nAma se prakAzita saMkalana isake udAharaNa haiN| yugala kizora mukhtAra aura bhAgacandra bhAskara ne merI bhAvanA likhakara gItikAvya ko nayA rUpa diyaa| narendra bhAnAvata, zAntA jaina, mizrIlAla jaina, jugalakizora yugala, saroja kumAra jaina, kalyANakumAra zazi, rUpavatI kiraNa, mahendra sAgara pracaNDiyA Adi zatAdhika kaviyoM ne isa kSetra meM naye mAnadaNDa sthApita kiye haiN| cUMki Adhunika kAla ko hamane apanI adhyayana paridhi se bAhara rakhA hai, isalie hama isa para carcA nahIM kara rahe haiM / 14. prakIrNaka kAvya prakIrNaka kAvya meM yahAM hamane lAkSaNika sAhitya, koza, gajala, gurvAvalI AtmakathA Adi vidhAoM ko antarbhUta kiyA hai| ina vidhAoM kI ora dRSTipAta karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina kavi adhyAtma aura bhakti kI ora hI AkarSita nahIM hue balki unhoMne chanda, alaMkAra, AtmakathA, itihAsa Adi se sambaddha sAhitya kI sarjanA meM bhI apanI pratibhA kA upayoga kiyA hai| lAkSaNika sAhitya meM piMgala ziromaNi, chandovidyA, chanda mAlikA, rasamaMjarI, caturapriyA, anUparasAla, rasamoha, zrRMgAra,

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150 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA lakhapati piMgala, mAlApiMgala, chandazataka, alaMkAra Azaya Adi racanAe~ mahattvapUrNa haiN| isI taraha anastamitavrata saMdhi, madanayuddha, anekArtha nAmamAlA, nAmamAlA, AtmapravodhanAmamAlA, ardhakathAnaka, akSaramAlA, gorAbAdala kI bAta, rAmavinoda, vaidyakasAra,vacanakoSa cittaur3a kI gajala, kriyAkoSa, ratnaparIkSA, zakunaparIkSA, rAsavilAsa, lakhapatamaMjarI nAmamAlA, gurvAvalI, caitya paripATI Adi racanAe~ vividha vidhAoM ko sameTe hue haiN| isI taraha kucha hiyAlI saMjJaka racanAe~ bhI milatI haiM jo prahelikA ke rUpa meM likhI gaI haiN| bauddhika vyAyAma kI dRSTi se inakI upayogitA niHsaMdigdha hai| madhyakAlIna jainAcAryoM ne aisI aneka samasyA mUlaka racanAe~ likhI haiN| ina racanAoM meM samayasundara aura dharmasI kI racanAe~ vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| uparyukta prakIrNaka kAvya meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne kahIM rasa ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA hai to kahIM alaMkAra aura chanda ke, kahIM koza likhe haiM to kahIM gurvAvaliyAM, kahIM gajaleM likhI haiM to kahI jyotiSa para vicAra kiyA hai| yaha saba unakI pratibhA kA pariNAma hai| yahAM hama unameM se katipaya udAharaNa prastuta kareMge / rItikAlina adhikAMza vaidika kavi mAMsala zrRMgAra kI vivRtti meM lage the jabaki jaina kavi lokapriya mAdhyamoM kA sadupayoga AdhyAtmika kSetra meM kara rahe the| isa saMdarbha meM eka kavi ne hariyAlI likhI hai to anya saMta kaviyoM ne ulaTavAsiyoM jaise kavitta likhe haiN| upAdhyAya yazovijaya ye ulaTavAsiyAM dekhie - kahiyo paMDita ! koNa ye nArI bIsa barasa kI avadhi vicArI khiyo| doya pitAo aha nipAI, saMgha caturvidhi mana meM aaii| kIDIo eka hAthI jAyo, hAthI sAhamo sasalo dhaayo|

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151 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM kavivara banArasIdAsa ne kAvya rasoM kI saMkhyA 9 mAnI haiM - zrRMgAra, vIra, karuNa, hAsya, raudra, vIbhatsa, bhayAnaka, adbhuta aura shaant| inameM zAnta rasa ko rasanikau nAyaka' kahA hai| usakA nivAsa vairAgya meM batAyA hai - mAyA kI arucitA meM zAnta rasa maaniye|10 unhoMne ina rasoM ke pAramArthika sthAnoM para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| - guna vicAra siMgAra, vIra udyama udAra rukh| karunA samarasa rIti, hAsa hiradai uchAha sukh|| aSTa karama dala majala, rUdra varatai tihi thaank| tana vilecha vIbhatcha dvanda mukha dasA bhyaank|| adbhuta anaMta bala citavana, sAMta sahaja vAga dhuv| navarasavilAsa paragAsa taba, jaba subodha ghaTa pragaTa huv||" rasa ke samAna alaMkAra para bhI hindI jaina kaviyoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| isa saMdarbha meM kuMvarakuzala kA lakhapatajayasiMdhu aura Amacandra kA alaMkAra Azaya macarI ullekhanIya haiN| yahAM rasa, vastu aura alaMkAra ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| alaMkAra ke kAraNa vastu kA citraNa ramaNIya banatA hai| usase rasa upakRta hotA hai aura bhavoM kI ramaNIyatA meM nikhAra AtA hai| parimala kA zrIpAlacaritra isa dRSTise mahattvapUrNa hai| isakA nimna padya dekhiye prathamahi lIjai U~ akAru, jo bhava dukha vinAsana haaru| siddhacakravrata kevalariddhi, guna anaMta phala jAkI siddhi| pranamau parama siddha guru soi, anya samala saba maMgala hoi, siMdhapurI jAkau subha thAna, siMdha purI subha anaMta nidhaan| vaMdau jinazAsana ke dhamma, Apa sAya nAse adhakarma, chaMdau guru je guNa ke mUra, jinate hoya gyAna ko chuur|

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152 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vaMdau mAtA siMhavAhinI, jAteM sumati hoya ati vIra, .vaMdau muniyana je gunadhamma, navarasa mahimA udati na krm| chandovidhAna kI dRSTi se bhI hindI jaina kavi smaraNIya haiN| kavivara vRndAvanadAsa ne atyanta sarala bhASA meM laghu-guru ko pahacAnane kI prakriyA batAyI hai laghu kI rekhA sarala hai, guru kI rekhA bNk| ihi krama sI gurulaghu parakhi, par3hiyoM chanda nishNk|| kahuM-kahuM sukavi prabandha mahaM, laghu ko guru kaha det| guru hU~ ko laghu kahata hai, samajhata sakavi sucet|| AThoM gaNoM ke nAma, svAmI aura phala kA nirUpaNa kavi ne eka hI savaiye meM kara diyA hai - magana tiguru mUlacchi lahAvata nagana tilaghu sura zubha phala det| magana Adi guru indu sujasa, laghu Adi magana jala vRddhi kret|| ramana madhya laghu, agina mRtyu, gurumadhya jagana ravi roga niket| sagata anta guru, vAyu bhramana taganata laghu nava zUnya smet|| ___isI prakAra banArasIdAsa kI nAmamAlA, bhavagatIdAsa kI anekArtha nAmamAlA Adi koza grantha bhI ullekhanIya haiN| yaha koza sAhitya saMskRta koza sAhitya se prabhAvita hai| 15. maru-gurjara hindI jaina sAhityika pravRttiyAM ___ madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyoM ke sandarbha meM marugurjara hindI jaina sAhityika pravRttiyoM kI ora svatantra rUpa se dRSTipAta karanA Avazyaka hai| maru-gurjara yA purAnI hindI kA vikAsa zaurasenI yA pazcimI apabhraMza se huA aura mahArASTrI kA usapara vizeSa prabhAva pdd'aa| ise hama sandhikAlIna sAhityika bhASA ke artha meM prayukta kara

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madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM 153 sakate haiM jisakI kAlAvadhi lagabhaga 13 vIM zatAbdI se prArambha hotI hai| ise maru-gurjara kA AdikAla kahA jAtA hai / yaha kAla 15-16 vIM zatAbdI taka Adhunika Arya bhASAoM ke udayakAla taka mAnA jAtA hai jisa para zaurasenI apabhraMza kA prabhAva adhika rahA hai| isake bAda 16vIM se 19 vIM taka hama ise aura bhI vistRta rUpa meM dekha pAte haiN| jahAM Adhunika hindI bhASA kA rUpa dikhAI dene lagatA hai| ise maru gurjara kA madhyakAla kahA jAtA hai| kula milAkara hama ina donoM bhAgoM ko madhyakAla meM rakha sakate haiN| prArambha meM isameM digambara-zvetAmbara jaisA bheda nahIM thA para 15-16 vIM zatAbdI kA adhikAMza maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya zvetAmbara sampradAya dvArA likhita hai| isameM caritta, prabandha, saMdhi, caDapai, rAsa, pavADo, AkhyAna, purANa, rUpaka, beli, saMjhAya, vivAhalau, carcarI, phAgu, bArahamAsA, caumAsA, kUTa yA ulaTavAsa, antarAlAya, mukarI, prahelikA, gajala Adi vividha pravRttiyAM pravAhita hotI rahI haiM jo bhakti se adhika saMbaddha haiN| isameM zAntarasa ke mAdhyama se AtmAnubhUti ko zabdoM meM utArA gayA hai| jIvana ke prati eka vizeSa dRSTikoNa vahAM dikhAI detA hai jisameM saMsAra kI nazvaratA, samatva dRSTi, ahiMsA, jIvadayA, naitika saMyama Adi jaise jaina tattvoM kA sundara pratibimbana huA hai| niSkala aura sakala bhaktidhArA pravAhita hotI huI dikhAI detI hai| __maru-gurjara jaina sAhitya kI ina pravRttiyoM ko hamane yathAsthAna rekhAMkita kiyA hai| phira bhI saMkSepa meM unakA ullekha yahAM kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha AcArya jinaratnasUri (12-13vIM zatI) kA upadezarasAyanarAsa aura kAlasvarUpakulaka, zrAvaka jagaDUkA samyaktva mAicaupai, ratnasiMha sUri kI antaraMga saMdhi, vijayasena sUri kA revaMtagiri rAsa, zAlibhadrasUri kA bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa, jinaprabha sUri kI padmAvatI caupaI, jayazekharasUri kA neminAtha phAgu, rAjazekharasUri kA neminAtha phAgu, kuzalaharSa kA neminAtha stavana,

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA chIhala kI paMcasahelI, brahmamuni kA jina neminAtha vivAhalu, soma vimalasUri kA zreNika rAsa vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| maru gurjara gadya sAhitya bhI kAphI likhA gayA hai| isa kAla meM bhASA meM saralI karaNa hotA gayA / 154 17 vIM zatI ke hindI racanAkAroM meM Anandaghana, kalyANakIrti, kSemarAja, tribhuvanakIrti, dharmasAgara, yazovijaya, sumatisAgara, hIrakuzala Adi tathA 18vIM zatI ke hindI racanAkAroM meM kanakakIrti, kuzalavijaya, khuzAlacanda kAlA, jodharAja godhIkA, devIdAsa, daulatarAma kAsalIvAla, bulAkIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa, yazovijaya, lAvaNya vijaya, vidyAsAgara, surendrakIrti, pAMDe hemarAja Adi zatAdhika hindI jainAcArya hue haiN| jinhoMne hindI kI vividha pravRttiyoM ko samRddha kiyA hai| isa kAla ke kAvya meM bhavagAmbhIrya aura tIvrAnubhUti kA pratibimbana hotA hai jisameM adhyAtma, bhakti aura zIla samAyA huA hai| yahAM vraja bhASA kA vizeSa prabhAva dikhAI detA hai / isa prakAra Adi-madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya kI pravRttiyoM kI ora dRSTipAta karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai sAdhaka kaviyoM ne sAhitya kI kisI eka vidhA ko nahIM apanAyA, balki lagabhaga sabhI vidhAoM meM apanI pratibhA ko unmeSita kiyA hai| yaha sAhitya bhAva, bhASA aura abhivyakti kI dRSTi se bhI uccakoTi kA hai| yadyapi kaviyoM kA yahA~ AdhyAtmika athavA rahasya bhAvanAtmaka uddezya mUlataH kAma karatA rahA para unhoMne kisI bhI prakAra se pravAha meM gatirodha nahIM hone diyaa| rasacarvaNA, chanda - vaividhya, upamAdi alaMkAra, ojAdi guNa svAbhAvika rUpa se abhivyaMjita hue haiN| bhASAdi bhI kahIM bojhila nahIM ho paaii| phalataH pAThaka sarasatA aura svAbhAvikatA ke pravAha meM lagAtAra bahatA rahatA hai aura rahasya bhAvanA ke mArga ko prazasta kara letA hai| jainetara kaviyoM kI tulanA se bhI yahI bAta spaSTa hotI hai /

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caturtha parivarta rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa rahasyaH zAbdika artha, abhivyakti aura prayoga sRSTi ke sarjaka tattva anAdi ananta haiM / unakI sarjanazIlatA prAkRtika zaktiyoM ke saMgaThita rUpa para nirbhara karatI hai / para use hama prAyaH kisI ajJAta zakti vizeSa se sambaddha kara dete haiM jisakA mUla kAraNa mAnasika dRSTi se svayaM ko asamartha svIkAra karanA hai / isI asAmarthya paidA karane vAle satyaM zivaM sundaram tattva kI gaveSaNA aura svAnubhUti kI prApti ke pIche hamArI rahasya bhAvanA eka bahuta baDA sambala hai / sAdhaka ke lie yaha eka guhya tattva bana jAtA hai jisakA sambandha parAbauddhika RSi maharSiyoM kI guhya sAdhanA kI parAkASThA aura usakI vizuddha tapasyA se jur3A hai / pratyeka dRSTA ke sAkSAtkAra kI dizA anubhUti aura abhivyakti samAna nahIM ho sakatI / usakA jJAna aura sAdhanAgamya anubhava anya pratyakSadarziyoM ke jJAna aura anubhava se pRthak hone kI hI sambhAvanA adhika rahA karatI hai phira bhI lagabhaga samAna mArga ko kisI eka pantha yA sampradAya se joDA jAnA bhI asvAbhAvika nahIM / jisa mArga ko koI cumbakIya vyaktitva prastuta kara detA hai / usase usakA cirantana sambandha juDa jAtA hai aura AgAmI ziSya paramparA usI mArga kA anusaraNa karatI rahatI hai| yathAsamaya isI

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156 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mArga ko apanI paramparA ke anukula koI nAma de diyA jAtA hai, jise hama apanI bhASA meM dharma kahane lagate haiN| rahasyabhAvanA ke sAtha hI usa dharma kA avinAbhAva sambandha sthApita kara diyA jAtA hai aura kAlAntara meM bhinna-bhinna dharma aura sampradAyoM kI sImA me use bAMdha diyA jAtA hai / 'rahasya' zabda 'rahas' para AdhArita hai / rahas zabda rah tyAgArthaka dhAtu se asun pratyaya lagAne para banatA hai / ' tadanaMtara yat pratyaya joDane para rahasya zabda nirmita hotA hai / usakA vigraha hogA rahasyam - rahasi bhavam rahasyam / ' arthAt rahasya eka aisI mAnasika pratIti athavA anubhUti hai jisameM sAdhaka jJeya vastu ke atirikta jJeyAntara vastuoM kI vAsanA se asaMpRkta ho jAtA hai / 'rahas' zabda kA dvitIya artha vivikta, vijana, channa, niHzalAka, raha, upAMzu aura ekAnta hai / ' aura vijana meM hone vAle ko rahasya kahate haiM / (rahasi bhavam rahasyam) / guhya artha meM bhI rahasya zabda kA vizeSa prayoga huA hai / zrImadbhAgavad gItA aura upaniSadoM meM rahasya zabda kA vizeSa prayoga dikhAI detA hai / vahAM ekAnta artha meM 'yogI yo jIta satatamAtmAnaM rahasi sthitam', marma artha meM 'bhakto si sakhA ceti rahasyam have tadamutta' aura guhyArtha meM 'guhyayAd guhyataraM (18.63), 'parama guhyaM' (18.38) Adi kI abhivyakti huI hai| isa rahasya ko AdhyAtmika kSetra meM anubhUti ke rUpa meM aura kAvyAtmaka kSetra rasa ke rUpa meM prasphuTita kiyA gayA hai / rahasya ke ukta donoM kSetroM ke marmajJoM ne svAnubhUti ko cidAnanda caitanya athavA brahmAnaMda sahodara nAma samarpita kiyA hai| rasa niSpati ke sandarbha meM dhvanyAloka, kAvya

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 157 prakAza, sAhityadarpaNa Adi prAcIna kAvya granthoM meM isakA gambhIra vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jahAM taka jaina sAhitya kA prazna hai, usameM rahasya zabda kA prayoga antarAya karma ke artha meM huA hai / dhavalAkAra ne isI artha ko 'rahasyamaMtarAya' kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai / rahasya zabda kA yaha artha kahAM se AyA hai yaha gutthI abhI taka sulajha nahIM sakI / sabhbhava hai, antarAya karma kI vizeSatA ke sandarbha meM rahasya zabda hI antarAya karma kA paryAyArthaka mAna liyA gayA ho / jo bhI ho, isa artha ko utrakAlIna AcAryo ne vizeSa mahattva nahIM diyA, anyathA usakA prayoga lokapriya ho jAtA / dUsarI ora jainAcAryo ne rahasya zabda ke irdagirda ghUmane vAle artha ko adhika sameTA hai / guhya sAdhanA meM unhoneM rahasya zabda kA prayoga bhale hI prathamataH na kiyA ho para usameM sannihita AdhyAtmika vastuniSThatA ko to mUla bhAvanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hI hai / hameM isa saMdarbha meM Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ko prathama rahasyavAdI vyaktitva svIkAra karane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hogaa| unakI hI paramparA kA pravartana karane vAle neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra jesai aitihAsika mahApuruSoM kA nAma bhI AcArya kuMdakuMda, kArtikeya, pUjyapAda, yogendu, muni rAmasiMha, banArasIdAsa, Anandaghana Adi jaise sAdhakoM kA nAma kisI bhI taraha bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| unake granthoM meM AdhyAtmika tattva ko rahasya se jor3a diyA gayA hai jahA~ jaina rahasya sAdhanA kA spaSTa vizleSaNa dikhAI detA hai / jaina sAdhaka ToDaramala kI rahasyapUrNa ciTThI isI artha ko vyakta karatI hai / isa ciTThI meM unhoMne apane katipaya mitroM ko AdhyAtmikatA kA saMdeza diyA hai / isI taraha pAiyalacchinAmamAlA, supAsaNAhacariu tathA hemacandra prAkRta vyAkaraNa Adi granthoM meM bhI rahasya zabda ko guhya athavA adhyAtma kI

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158 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA paridhi meM maDha diyA hai / ataeva isa AdhAra para yaha kahanA anupayukta nahIM hogA ki jaina sAdhakoM ne bhI rahasya ke darzana ko adhyAtma se achUtA nahIM rakhA / unhoMne to vastutaH yathAsamaya rahasya zabda kA prayoga adhyAtma ke artha meM hI kiyA hai / adhyAtma kA artha hai AtmA ko arthAt svayaM ko adhizrita karake vartamAna meM honA / (AtmAnamadhizrinya vartamAno adhyAtmam-aSTasahasrI, kaarikaa-2)| isameM AtmA ko kendrita kara paramAtmapada kI prApti ke lie prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| prAcIna ardhamAgadhI jainAgamoM meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa rahasya tattva kI bhAvAnUbhuti vAsanA rUpa bhAva ke mAdhyama se bhAvaka ke mAnasa paTala para aMkita hotI hai / isI ko sAkSAtkAra tabhI ho pAtA hai ,jaba mithyAtva yA ajJAna kA AvaraNa sAdhaka kI AtmA se haTa jaaye| taba isako rahasyAnubhUti kahA jaaygaa| bhAvAnubhUti kAvyAtmaka hai aura rahasyAnubhUti sAdhanAtmaka yA dArzanika hai| eka kA sambandha rasa se hai aura dUsare kI paridhi AdhyAtmika hai / prathama prakriyA vicAra se prArambha hotI hai aura bhAvanA se hotI huI anubhUti meM virAma letI hai / dvitIya prakriyA anubhUti se apanI yAtrA prArambha karatI hai aura bhAvanA se hotI huI vicAra meM garbhita ho jAtI hai| prathama ko viSaya pradhAna (Objective) kahA jAtA hai aura dvitIya ko AtmapradhAna yA bhAvAtmaka (Subjective) mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhAvanA ko nyAya praNAlI meM cintA vedAnta meM nididhyAsana, yoga meM dhyAna aura kAvya ke kSetra meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa vyApAra, vyApanA, Adi ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM bhAvanA sAdhana mAtra hai para kAvya ke kSetra meM vaha sAdhana aura sAdhya donoM hai| dUsare

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 159 zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki rahasya bhAvanA kA sambandha AtmikaAdhyAtmika sAdhanA se hai / para usakI bhAvAtmaka sAdhanA kAvyAtmaka kSetra meM A jAtI hai| vAda ke sAtha rahasya (rahasyavAda) zabda kA prayoga hindI sAhitya meM sarvaprathama AcArya mahAvIra prasAda dvivedI ne san 1927 meM sarasvatI patrikA ke maI aMka meM kiyA thaa| lagabhaga isI samaya avadhanArAyaNa upAdhyAya tathA AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne bhI isa zabda kA upayoga kiyA / jaisA Upara hama dekha cuke haiM, prAcIna kAla meM rahasya jaise zabda sAhityika kSetra meM A cuke the para usake pIche adhikAMzataH adhyAtmarasa se sikta sAdhanA patha juDA huA thaa| usakI abhivyakti bhale hI kisI bhAva aura bhASA meM hotI rahI ho para usakI sahAnubhUti sArvabhaumika rahI hai| jahAM taka usakI abhivyakti kA prazna hai, use nizcita hI sAkSAtkAra kartA gUgeM ke guDa kI bhAMti pUrNataH vyakta nahIM kara pAtA / apanI abhivyakti meM sAmarthya lAne ke lie vaha taraha-taraha ke sAdhana avazya haiN| una sAdhanoM meM hama vizeSa rUpa se saMketamayI aura pratIkAtmaka bhASA ko le sakate haiM / ye donoM sAdhana sAhitya meM bhI mila jAte haiN| yadyapi 'rahasyavAda' jaisA zabda prAcIna bhAratIya yogasAdhanAoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA, para 'rahasya' zabda kA prayoga athavA usakI bhUmikA kA viniyoga vahAM sadaiva se hotA rahA hai| isalie bhAratIya sAhitya ke lie yaha koI navIna tathya nahIM rhaa| paryavekSaNa karane se Adhunika hindI sAhitya meM 'rahasyavAda' zabda kA prayoga pAzcAtya sAhitya ke aMgrejI zabda Mysticism ke rUpAntara ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai / isa Mysticism zabda kA prayoga bhI aMgrejI sAhitya meM

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160 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA san 1900 ke Asa-pAsa prArambhika huaa| usakI racanA grIka bhASA ke Mystikes zabda se honI cAhie jisakA artha kisI guhya jJAna prApta karane ke lie sAdhanArata dIkSita ziSya hai| usa dIkSita ziSya dvArA vyakta udgAra athavA siddhAnta ko rahasyavAda kahA gayA hai| isameM sAdhanA pradhAna hai aura anubhUti yA sAkSAtkAra kI vyaMjanA garbhita hai| rahasyavAda kI paribhASA vAda zabda kI niSpatti vadhAtu pratyaya ghaJ (vad +a)se huI hai jisakA artha kathana hotA hai| uttarakAla meM isakA prayoga siddhAnta aura vicAradhArA ke saMdarbha meM hone lagA hai| ArambhavAda, pariNAmavAda, vivartavAda, anekAntavAda, vijJAnavAda, mAyAvAda Adi aise hI prayoga haiN| jahA vAda hotA hai, vahAM vivAda kI zrRMkhalA taiyAra ho jAtI hai| AtmasAkSAtkAra kI bhAvanA se kI gaI yoga sAdhanA ke sAtha bhI vAda juDA aura rahasyavAda kI paribhASA meM aneka rUpatA AyI / isalie sAhityakAroM meM rahasya bhAvanA ko kahIM darzana paraka mAnA aura kahIM bhAvAtmaka to kahIM prakRti mUlaka, kahIM yaugika to kahIM abhivyaktimUlaka / paribhASAoM kA yaha vaividhya sAdhakoM kI rahasyAnubhUti kI vividhatA para hI AdhArita rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM, kucha viddhAnoM ne to rahasya bhAvanA kA sambandha cetanA, saMvedana manovRtti aura camatkAritA se bhI joDane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isalie Ajataka rahasyavAda kI paribhASA sarvasammata nahIM ho sakI / rahasyavAda kI katipaya paribhASAyeM isa prakAra haiM - 1. bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM rahasyavAda DaoN. esa rAdhAkRSNan ne dharma, adhyAtma aura rahasyavAda ke bIca

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa sambandha banAte hue likhA hai ki pratyeka dharmo meM bAhya vidhi-niSedhoM kA prAvadhAna rahatA hai jabaki AdhyAtmikatA sarvocca sattA ko samajhAne aura usase tAdAtmya sthApita karane tathA jIvana ke sarvAgINa vikAsa kI aura saMketa karatI hai| AdhyAtmikatA dharma aura usake antargata nihita tattva kA sAra hai aura rahasyavAda meM dharma ke isI pakSa para bala diyA gayA hai / 9 161 DaoN. mahendranAtha sarakAra ne rahasyavAda kI paribhASA ko dArzanika rUpa dete hue kahA hai ki rahasyavAda satya evaM vAstavika tathya taka pahuMcane kA eka aisA mAdhyama hai jise niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM tarkazUnya kahA jA sakatA hai|" parantu DaoN. rAdhAkamala mukarjI ne rahasyavAda ko kalA batAte hue kahA hai ki vaha eka aisA sAdhana hai jisase sAdhaka antaHyoga dvArA saMsAra ko akhaNDa rUpa meM anubhava karatA hai|" vAsudeva jagannAtha kIrtikAra ne rahasyavAda ko eka AcAra pradhAna anuzAsana banAkara use Izvara se ekatA prApta karane kA eka sAdhana batAyA hai|' pro. rAnADe ke anusAra rahasyavAda antarjJAna ke dvArA paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kahA jA sakatA hai|" A0 rAmacandra zukla ke anusAra sadhanA ke kSetra meM jo advaitavAda hai, kAvya ke kSetra meM vahI rahasyavAda hai / ' jayazaMkara prasAda ke anusAra kAvya meM AtmA kI saMkalpAtmaka anubhUti kI mukhya dhArA kA nAma rahasyavAda batAyA hai / ' 12 14 15 DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA ne rahasyavAda ko antarhita pravRtti kA prakAzana batAte hue kahA hai rahasyavAda jIvAtmA kI usa antarhita pravRtti kA prakAzana hai jisameM vaha divya aura alaukika zakti se apanA zAnta aura nizchala sambandha joDanA cAhatI hai| aura yaha sambandha yahAM taka baDha jAtA hai ki donoM meM kucha bhI antara nahIM raha

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162 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jAtA / A0 parazurAma caturvedI ne rahasyavAda kI vyApakatA ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai - "rahasyavAda eka aisA jIvana darzana hai jisakA mUla AdhAra kisI vyakti ke lie usakI vizvAtmaka sattA kI anirdiSTa vA nirvizeSa ekatA vA paramAtma tattva kI pratyakSa evaM arnivacanIya anubhUti meM nihita rahA karatA hai aura jisake anusAra kiye jAne vAle usake vyavahAra kA svarUpa svabhAvataH vizvajanIna evaM vikAsonmukha bhI ho sakatA hai| mahAdevI varmA rahasyAnubhUti meM buddhi ke jJeya ko hI hRdaya kA preya mAna letI hai|" DaoN.triguNAyata ke anusAra jaba sAdhaka bhAvanA ke sahAre AdhyAtmika sattA kI rahasyamayI anubhUtiyoM ko vANI ke dvArA zabdamaya citroM meM sajAkara rakhane lagatA hai, tabhI sAhitya meM rahasyavAda kI sRSTi hotI hai / " DaoN0 premasAgara ne rahasyavAda ko AtmA aura paramAtmA ke milana kI bhAvAtmaka abhivyakti kahA hai / DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla AdhyAtmikatA kI utkarSa sImA kA nAma rahasyavAda nizcita karate haiN| DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ke svara meM svara milAkara DaoN. rUpanArAyaNa pANDe ne rahasyavAda ko mAnava kI usa AMtarika pravRtti kA prakAzana mAnA hai jisase vaha parama satya paramAtmA ke sAtha sIdhA pratyakSa sambandha jor3anA cAhatA hai| uparyukta paribhASAoM ko samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para yaha patA calatA hai ki vidvAnoM ne rahasyavAda ko kisI eka hI dRSTikoNa se vicAra kiyA hai| kisI ne use samAjaparaka mAnA hai to kisI ne vicAraparaka, kisI ne anubhUtijanya mAnA hai to kisI ne usakI paribhASA ko vizuddha manovijJAna para AdhArita kiyA hai, to kisI ne darzana para, kisI ne use jIvana darzana mAnA hai,to kisI ne use vyavahAra pradhAna batAyA hai|

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163 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 2. pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM rahasyavAda M.G.R. Alliert Forges Ferrata a Theology (IzvarIyazAstra) se sambaddha kara kahA hai ki ye donoM vidhAyeM vijJAnoM kI rAjJI kahI jA sakatI haiN| R.L. Nettleship ne yathArtha rahasyavAda ko anubhUtijanya pratIti kA ekAMzabodha svIkAra kiyA hai jo kisI adhika vastu kA pratIka mAtra hai - True mysticism is the consciousness that everything that we experience is an element and only an eliment in fact, i.e. that in being what it is, symbolic of some thing more.24 Walter T. Stace ne rahasyavAda ko cetanA se sambaddha kara use Sensory intellectual consciousness khaa|" phlIDara (Fleiderer) ne rahasyavAda kI bhAvAtmaka abhivyakti ko upasthita karate hue use AtmA aura paramAtmA ke ekatva kA pratIka mAnA hai| yahAM unhoMne rahasyavAda kA dhArmika athavA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA hai - Mysticism is the immediate feeling of the unity of the self with God; it is nothing but the fundamental feeling of religion. The religious life is at its very heart and centre. 26 ____Pingle Panthison (piMgale pAnthijana) ne likhA hai - "rahasyavAda una mAnavIya prayatnoM se sambaddha hai jo parama satya ko grahaNa karane ke prayatna meM hotA hai aura usa sarvocca sattA ke sAnnidhya se utpanna eka Ananda hotA hai| carama satya ko grahaNa rahasyavAda kA dArzanika pakSa hai aura sarvocca sattA ke sAtha milane ke Ananda se utpanna anubhUti dhArmika pakSa hai| E. Caird ne rahasyavAda ko eka mAnasika pravRtti mAnA hai jisameM AtmA aura paramAtmA ke sabhI sambandha garbhita ho jAte

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164 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA haiN| Caird kI yaha paribhASA rahasyavAda aura adhyAtmavAda ko eka mAnakara cala rahI hai| William James ne paribhASA ko diye binA hI yaha kahA hai ki usakI anubhUti vizuddhatama aura abhUtapUrva hotI hai aura vaha anubhUti asaMprekSya hai|* Von Hartman ne rahasyavAda kI vyApakatA aura paribhASA para vicAra karate hue use cetanA kA vaha tRptimaya bAMdha batalAyA hai jisameM vicAra, bhASA aura icchA kA anta ho jAtA hai tathA jahAM acetanatA se hI usakI cetanatA jAgrata ho jAtI hai| prAyaH ye sabhI paribhASAyeM manodazA se vizeSa sambaddha haiN| unhoMne svAnubhUti ko kisI sAdhanA vizeSa se nahIM joddaa| ___Ku. Under Hill (kumArI aNDarahila) ne rahasyavAda kI paribhASA ko manovaijJAnika kSetra ke atirikta dArzanika kSetra kI ora lAkara khar3A kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki - rahasyavAda tathya kI khoja viSayaka usa praNalI kA sunirdiSTa rUpa hai jo utkRSTa evaM pUrNa jIvana ke lie kAma meM lAyA jAtA hai aura jise hamane aba taka mAnavIya cetanA kI eka sanAtana vizeSatA ke rUpa meM pAyA hai| eka anya sthAna para unhoMne rahasyavAda kI saMkSipta paribhASA dete hue use bhagavata sattA ke sAtha ekatA sthApita karane kI kalA kahA hai, jisameM kisI sImA taka isa ekatA ko prApta kara liyA hai athavA jo usameM vizvAsa rakhatA hai aura jisane isa ekatA kI siddhi ko apanA carama lakSya banA liyA hai| yahAM vyakti evaM bhagavat sattA, donoM ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA donoM meM ekatA sthApana kI sambhAvanA bhI kI gaI hai| astu, aNDara hila vedAnta meM viziSTAdvaita kI bhAMti Izvara evaM jIva kI ekatA ko svIkAra karatI pratIta hotI haiN| Frank Jaynor ne use aura

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165 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa bhI spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai - 'rahasyavAda darzana, siddhAnta, jJAna yA vizvAsa hai jo bhautika jagat kI apekSA AtmA kI zakti para adhika kendrita rahatA hai, vizvajanIna AtmA ke sAtha Atmika saMyoga athavA bauddhika ekatva rahasyavAda kA lakSya hai| Atmika satya kA sahaja jJAna aura bhAvAtmaka buddhi tathA Atmika cintana anuzAsana ke vividha rUpoM ke mAdhyama se upasthita hotA hai| rahasyavAda apane saralatama aura atyanta vAstavika artha meM eka prakAra kA dharma hai jo ki Izvara ke sAtha sambandha ke sajagabodha (awareness) aura IzvarIya upasthiti kI sIdhI aura ghaniSTha cetanA para bala detA hai| yaha dharma kI apanI tIvratama, gahanatama aura sabase adhika sajIva avasthA hai| saMpUrNa rahasyavAda kA maulika vicAra hai ki jIvana aura jagat kA tattva vaha Atmika sAra hai, jisake antargata saba kucha hai aura jo prANImAtra ke antara meM sthita vaha vAstavika satya hai jo usake bAhya AkAra athavA kriyA kalApoM se sambaddha nahIM hai|*W.E. Hocking ne rahasyavAda kI anya paribhASAoM kA khaNDana karate hue use dhArmika athavA AdhyAtmika kSetra se sambaddha kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki rahasyavAda Izvara ke sAtha vyavahAra karane kA eka mArga hai| ise hama bhAvArtha meM eka sAdhanA vizeSa kaha sakate haiN| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA bhI prastuta kI gaI rahasyavAda kI ye paribhASAyeM kathaMcit hI sahI ho sakatI haiN| inameM prAyaH sabhI ne Izvara ke sAkSAtkAra ko rahasyavAda kA carama lakSya svIkAra kiyA hai aura use manodazA se jor3a rakhA hai| parantu jaina darzana isase pUrNataH sahamata nahIM ho skegaa| eka to jaina darzana meM Izvara ke usa svarUpa ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA jo pAzcAtya darzanoM meM hai aura dUsare rahasyavAdakA sambandha

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166 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mAtra manodazA se hI nahIM, vaha to vastutaH eka vizuddha sAdhana patha para Acarita hokara AtmasAkSAtkAra karane kA aikAntika mArga hai| Frank Gaynor kA yaha kathana ki use vizvajanIna AtmA ke sAtha anAtmika saMyoga athavA bauddhika ekatva kA pratIka na hokara anubhUtijanya sahajAnanda kA pratIka mAnA jAnA cAhie jahAM vyakti AtmA ke azuddha svarUpa ko dUra karane meM juTA rahatA hai| PriPanthoison, Ku. Under Hit Adi vidvAnoM kI paribhASAoM meM bhI AtmA aura paramAtmA ke milane ko pramukha sthAna diyA hai| yahAM bhI maiM sahamata nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki Izvara ko sabhI dharmo meM samAna rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| ataH rahasyavAda kI ye paribhASAyeM sArvabhaumika na hokara kisI pantha vizeSa se sambaddha hI mAnI jA skegii| rahasyavAda kI paribhASA ko ekAMgitA ke saMkIrNa dAyare se haTAkara use sarvAMgINa banAne kI dRSTi se hama isa prakAra paribhASA kara sakate haiM - rahasyabhAvanA eka aisA AdhyAtmika sAdhana hai jisake mAdhyama se sAdhaka svAnubhUtipUrvaka Atmatattva se parama tattva meM lIna ho jAtA hai| yahI rahasyabhAvanA abhivyakti ke kSetra meM Akara rahasyavAda kahI jA sakatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki adhyAma kI caramotkarSAvasthA kI bhAvAbhivyakti kA nAma rahasyavAda hai| isa artha kI puSTi meM hama pIche prAkRta jainAgama tathA dhavalA Adi ke uddharaNa prastuta kara cuke haiN| isa paribhASA meM hama rahasyavAda kI pramukha vizeSatAoM ko isa prakAra prastuta kara sakate haiM - (1) rahasyabhavanA eka AdhyAtmika sAdhana hai| adhyAtma se

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 167 tAtparya hai cintn| jaina darzana meM pramukhataH sAta tattva mAne jAte haiM - jIva, ajIva, Azrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjara aura mokss| vyakti ina sAta tattvoM kA manana, cintana aura anupAlana karatA hai| sAdhaka samyak caritra kA paripAlana karatA huA samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| yahAM samyagjJAna aura samyakcaritra sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| (2) rahasyabhAvanA kI anyatama vizeSatA hai svaanuubhuuti| binA svayaM kI pratyakSa anubhUti ke sAdhaka sAdhya kI prApti nahIM kara sktaa| isI ko zAstrIya paribhASA meM samyagdarzana kaha sakate haiN| anubhUti ke uparAnta hI zraddhA dRDhatara hotI calI jAtI hai| yaha anubhUti bhAvAtmaka hotI hai aura yahAM bhAvAtmaka anubhUti hI rahasyavAda kA prANa hai| AtmAnubhava se sAdhaka SaD-dravyoM ke astitva para bhalIbhAMti cintana karatA hai, zraddhA karatA hai, karma upAdhi ke mukta ho jAtA hai, durgati ke viSAda se dUra ho jAtA hai tathA usakA citta samatA, sudhA rasa se bhara jAtA hai| anubhUti kI dAminI zIla rUpa zItala samIra ke bhItara se damakatI huI santApadAyaka bhAvoM ko cIrakara pragaTa hotI hai aura sahaja zAzvat Ananda kI prApti kA sanmArga pradarzita karatI hai|" banArasIdAsa ke guru rUpa paNDita rUpacanda kA to vizvAsa hai ki AtmAnubhava se sArA moha rUpa saghana andherA naSTa ho jAtA hai / anekAnta kI cira nUtana kiraNoM kA svaccha prakAza phaila jAtA hai, sattArUpa anupama adbhuta jJeyAkAra vikasita ho jAtA hai, Ananda kanda amanda amUrta AtmA meM mana basa jAtA hai tathA usa sukha ke sAmane anya

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168 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA sukha vAse se pratIta hone lagate haiN| isalie ve AdikAlIna avidyA ko sarvaprathama dUra karanA cAhate haiM tAki cetanA kA anubhava ghaTa-ghaTa meM abhivyakta ho ske| kavivara dyAnatarAya Atmavibhora hokara yahI kaha uThe - "Atama anubhava karanA re bhaaii''| yaha AtmAnubhava bhedavijJAna ke binA sambhava nahIM hotaa| nava padArtho kA jJAna, vrata, tapa, saMyama kA paripAlana tathA mithyAtva kA vinAza apekSita hai|"bhaiyaa bhagavatIdAsa ne anubhava ko zuddha-azuddha rUpa meM vibhAjita karake zuddhAnubhava ko upalabdha karane ke lie nivedana kiyA hai / yaha zuddhAnubhava rAga, dveSa, moha, mithyAtva tathA para padArtho kI saMgati ko tyAgane, satyasvarUpa ko dhAraNa karane aura AtmA (haMsa) ke svatva ko svIkAra karane se prApta hotA hai| isameM vItarAga bhakti, apramAda, samAdhi, viSayavAsanA mukti, tathA Sadravya-jJAna kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai| zuddhAnubhavI sAdhaka AtmA ke niraMjana svarUpa ko sadaiva samIpa rakhatA hai aura puNyapApa ke bhedaka tattva se suparicita rahatA hai| eka sthAna para to bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa ne anubhava kA artha samyagjJAna kiyA hai aura spaSTa kiyA hai ki kucha thor3e hI bhava (janma-maraNa) zeSa rahane para usakI prApti hotI hai| jo use prApta nahIM kara pAtA vaha saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai|" kavivara bhUdharadAsa AtmAnubhava kI prApti ke lie AgamAbhyAsa para adhika bala dete haiN| use unhoMne eka apUrva kalA tathA bhavadAghahArI ghanasAra kI salAka mAnA hai| jIvana kI alpasthiti aura phira dvAdazAMga kI agAdhatA hamAre kalApremI ko cintita kara detI hai| ise dUra karane kA upAya unakI dRSTi meM eka hI hai - shrutaabhyaas| yahI zrutAbhyAsa AtmA kA parama cintaka hai|" kavivara dyAnatarAya bhavabAdhA se dUra rahane

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 169 kA sarvottama upAya AtmAnubhava mAnate haiN| AtmAnubhava karane vAlA sAdhaka pudgala ko vinAzIka mAnatA hai| usakA samatA-sukha svayaM meM pragaTa rahatA hai| use kisI bhI prakAra kI duvidhA athavA bhrama zeSa nahIM rhtaa| bhedavijJAna ke mAdhyama se vaha sva-para kA nirNaya kara letA hai| dIpacanda kavi bhI AtmAnubhUti ko mokSa prApti kA aisA sAdhana mAnate haiM jisameM samyagdarzana-jJAna caritra kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| phalataH akhaNDa aura acala jJAna-jyoti prakAzita hotI hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne bhI isI ko rahasyavAda kahA hai| para unhoMne vicArAtmaka anubhUti ko darzana kA kSetra to banA diyA para usakA bhAvAtmaka anubhUti se koI sambandha svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ataH yahAM hama unake vicAroM se sahamata nahIM ho skeNge| anubhUti meM bhAva yadyapi pradhAna aura mUla avazya hai para unakA nikaTa sambandha vicAra athavA darzana se bhI banA rahatA hai / binA vicAra aura darzana ke bhAvoM meM saghanatA nahIM A sktii| (3) Atmatattva AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA kendra hai / saMsaraNa kA mUla kAraNa hai- Atma tattva para samyak vicAra kA abhaav| AtmA kA mUla svarUpa kyA hai? aura vaha mohAdi vikAroM se kisa prakAra janmAntaroM meM bhaTakatA hai ? ityAdi jaise praznoM kA yahAM samAdhAna khojane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| (4) paramapada meM lIna ho jAnA rahasyavAda kI pramukha abhivyakti hai| isameM sAdhaka AtmA kI itanI pavitra avasthA taka pahuMca jAtA hai ki vaha paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA kA ekAkAratva eka aisI avasthA hai jahAM sAdhaka samasta duHkhoM se vimukta hokara eka anirvacanIya zAzvat cidAnanda caitanya kA rasapAna karane lagatA hai / isI ko zAstrIya paribhASA meM hama nirvANa athavA

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170 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mukta avasthA meM AtmA aura paramAtmA kA tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai| isI tAdAtmya ko samarasa kahA gayA hai| jainadharma meM AtmA aura paramAtmA kA yaha tAdAtmya akhaMDa brahma ke aMza ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| vahAM to vikAroM se mukta hokara AtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM hama Age ke adhyAyoM meM vizada vivecana karane kA prayatna kreNge| parantu yahAM itanA avazya kahanA cAhUMgI ki jainadharma meM AtmA ke tIna svarUpa varNita haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| bahirAtmA mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa vizuddha nahIM ho paataa| antarAtmA meM vizuddha hone kI kSamatA hai para vaha vizuddha abhI huA nahIM tathA paramAtmA AtmA kA samasta karmo se vimukta aura vizuddha svarUpa hai| AtmA ke prathama do rUpoM ko sAdhaka aura antima rUpa ko sAdhya kahA jA sakatA hai| sAdhaka anubhUti karane vAlA hai aura sAdhya anubhUti tttv| ___ paramAtma svarUpa ko sakala aura niSphala ke rUpameM vibhAjita kiyAgayA hai| sakala vaha hai jisake jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra ghAtiyA karmo kA vinAza ho cukA ho aura zarIravAn ho| jaina paribhASA meM ise arhanta athavA arhat kahA gayA hai| hindI sAhitya meM isI ko saguNa brahma kahA gayA gayA hai| AtmA kI niSkala avasthA vedanIya, Ayu, nAma, aura gotra ina cAra aghAtiyA karmoM kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai| aura AtmA nirdehI bana jAtA hai| isI ko hindI sAhitya meM nirguNa brahma kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| uttarakAlIna jaina kaviyoM ne AtmA ke sakala aura nikala avasthA kI bhAvavibhora hokara bhakti pradarzita kI hai aura bhakti bhAva meM pravAhita hokara dAmpatyamUlaka ahetuka prema kA citraNa kiyA hai, jisameM AtmA

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171 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa paramAtmA se milane ke lie viraha meM tar3apatI hai, samarasa hone kA prayatna karatI hai| samarasa ho jAne para vaha usa anubhUtigata Ananda aura cidAnanda caitanya rasa kA pAna karatI hai / isa samarasatA ko prApta karane meM saMsAra se vairAgya honA nitAnta apekSita hai| bha. jJAnabhUSaNa prathama ne apane AdIzvara phAgu meM (saM. 1550) AdIzvara deva kI usa mArmika ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM nIlAMjanA nAmaka nRtyAMganA kI mRtyu ho gaI aura isa ghaTanA ko dekhakara AdIzvara ko virakti ho gii| phalataH ve saba kucha tyAgakara muktimArga para cala diye Ahe Ayu kamala dala sama caMcala capala zarIra, yauvana dhana iva athira karama jima karatala nIra / Ahe bhoga viyoga samannita roga taNUM ghara aMga, mohamahA muniniMdita nArIyasaMga | rahasya bhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda ke pramukha tattva rahasyavAda kA kSetra asIma hai| usa ananta zakti ke srota ko khojanA sasIma zakti ke sAmarthya ke bAhara hai ataH sasImatA se asImatA aura parama vizuddhatA taka pahuMca jAnA tathA cidAnanda caitanya rasa kA pAna karanA sAdhaka kA mUla uddezya rahatA hai / isalie rahasyavAda kA prasthAna bindu saMsAra hai jahAM prAtyAkSika aura aprAtyAkSika sukhaduHkha kA anubhava hotA hai aura parama vizuddhAvasthA rUpa ko prApta karatA hai / vahAM pahuMcakara sAdhaka kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai| aura usakA bhavacakra sadaiva ke lie samApta ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti kA mArga atyanta rahasya athavA guhya hai isalie sAdhaka meM viSaya ke prati jijJAsA aura autsukya jitanA adhika jAgrata hogA utanA hI usakA sAdhya samIpa hotA calA jAyagA /

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA rahasya ko samajhane aura anubhUti meM lAne ke lie nimnalikhita pramukha tattvoM kA AdhAra liyA jA sakatA hai - 172 1. jijJAsA aura autsukya / 2. saMsaracakra meM bhramaNa karane vAle AtmA kA svruup| 3. saMsAra kA svarUpa 4. saMsAra se mukta hone kA upAya ( bheda - vijJAna) / 5. mukta avasthA kI parikalpanA (nirvANa ) / inhIM tattvoM para prastuta prabandha meM Age vicAra kiyA jAyegA / rahasyabhAvanA kA sAdhya, sAdhana aura sAdhaka rahasyabhAvanA kA pramukha sAdhya paramAtmapada kI prApti karanA hai jisake mUla sAdhana haiM - svAnubhUti aura bhedavijJAna / kisI viSaya vastu kA jaba kisI prakAra se sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai taba sAdhaka ke antaraMga meM tadviSayaka viziSTa anubhUti jAgarita ho jAtI hai / sAdhanA kI suptAvasthA meM carAcara jagata sAdhaka ko yathAvat dikhAI detA hai| usake prati usake mana meM moha garbhita AkarSaNa bhI banA rahatA hai| para sAdhaka ke mana meM jaba rahasya kI yaha gutthi samajha meM A jAtI hai ki saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha azAzvat hai, kSaNabhaMgura hai aura yaha sat-cit rUpa AtmA usa padArtha se pRthak hai, ye kabhI hamAre nahIM ho sakate aura na hama kabhI ina padArtho ke ho sakate haiN| taba usake mana meM eka apUrva AnandAbhUti hotI hai| ise hama jaina zAstrIya paribhASA meM 'bhedavijJAna' kaha sakate haiN| sAdhaka ko bhedavijJAna kI yathArtha anubhUti ho jAnA hI rahasyavAdI sAdhanA kA sAdhya kahA jA sakatA hai / vizva satya kA samucita

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173 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa prakAzana isI avasthA meM ho pAtA hai / bhedavijJAna kI pratIti kAlAntara meM dRr3hatara hotI calI jAtI hai aura AtmA bhI usI rUpa meM parama vizuddha avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM pahuMcakara sAdhaka anirvacanIya anubhUti kA AsvAdana karatA hai| AtmA kI yaha avasthA zAzvat aura cirantana sukhada hotI hai| rahasyavAdI kA yahI sAdhya hai| zAstrIya paribhASA meM ise hama 'nirvANa' kaha sakate haiN| sAdhya sadaiva rahasya kI sthiti meM rahatA hai| siddha ho jAne para phira vaha rahasyavAdI ke lie ajJAta athavA rahasya nahIM raha jaataa| sAdhaka ke lie vaha bhale hI rahasya banA rhe| isalie tIrthaMkara, RSabhadeva, mahAvIra, rAma, kRSNa Adi kI parama sthiti sAdhya hai| ise hama jJeya athavA prameya bhI kaha sakate haiN| isa sAdhya, jJeya athavA prameya kI prApti meM jijJAsA mUla kAraNa hai| jijJAsA hI prameya athavA rahasya tattva ke antastala taka pahuMcane kA prayatna karatI hai / tadartha sAdhya ke saMdarbha meM sAdhaka ke mana meM prazna, pratiprazna uThate rahate haiN| 'athAto brahma jijJAsA' isI kA sUcaka hai| 'neti-neti' ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka kI rahasyabhavanA pavitratama hotI jAtI hai aura vaha rahasya ke samIpa pahuMcatA calA jAtA hai| phira eka samaya vaha anirvacanIya sthiti ko prApta kara letA hai - 'yato vAcA nivartante aprApya manasA sh'| yaha anUbhUtiparaka jijJAsA hI abhivyakti ke kSetra meM kAvya banakara utaratI hai| isI kAvya ke mAdhyama se sahRdaya vyakti sAdhAraNIkaraNa prApta karatA hai aura zanaiH zanaiH sAdhya dazA taka bar3hatA calA jAtA hai| ataeva isa prakAra ke kAvya meM vyakta rahasyabhavanA kI gahanatA aura saghanatA ko hI yathArtha meM kAvya kI vidheyAvasthA kA kendra bindu samajhanA caahie|

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174 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA parama guhya tattva rUpa rahasya bhAvanA ke vAstavika tathya taka pahu~cane ke lie sAdhaka ko kucha aise zAzvat sAdhanoM kA upayoga karanA par3atA hai jinake mAdhyama se vaha cirantana satya ko samajha ske| aise sAdhanoM meM AtmA aura paramAtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa para cintana aura manana karanA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / jainadharma meM to isI ko kendra bindu ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| isI ko kucha vistAra se samajhAne ke lie vahAM samUce tattvoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai jIva aura ajiiv| jIva kA artha AtmA hai aura ajIva kA vizeSa sambandha una paudgalika karmo se hai jinake kAraNa yaha AtmA saMsAra meM bArambAra janma grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| ina karmoM kA sambandha AtmA se kaise vimukta hotA hai, isake lie saMvara aura nirjarA tattvoM ko rakhA gayA hai| AtmA kA karmo se sambandha jaba pUrNataH dUra ho jAtA hai taba usakA vizuddha aura mUla rUpa sAmane AtA hai| isI ko mokSa kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra rahasya bhAvanA kA sIdhA sambandha jaina saMskRti meM ukta sapta tattvoM para nirbhara karatA hai| ina sapta tattvoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| adhyAtmavAdI RSi-mahirSayoM aura vidvAnaAcAryoM ne rahasyabhAvanA kI sAdhanA meM anubhUti ke sAtha vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai jisakA ullekha hama yathAsthAna karate gaye haiN| 'ekaM hi sadviprAH bahudhA vadanti' ke anusAra eka hI parama satya ko vividha prakAra se anubhava meM lAte haiM aura use abhivyakta karate / haiN| unakI rahasyAnubhUtiyoM kA dharAtala pavitra AtmasAdhanA se maNDita rahatA hai| yahI sAdhaka tattvadarzI aura kavi banakara sAhitya jagat meM utaratA hai| usakA kAvya bhAvasaundarya se nikharakara svAbhAvika bhASA

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175 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa meM nisRta hotA hai phira bhI pUrNa abhivyakti meM asamartha hokara vaha pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se bhI apanI rahasyabhAvanA ko vyakta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| usakI abhivyakti ke sAdhana svarUpa bhAva aura bhASA meM zraddhA, prema bhakti, upAlambha, pazcAttApa, dAsyabhAva Adi jaise bhAva samAhita hote haiN| sAdhaka kI dRSTi satsaMgati aura sadguru mahimA kI ora AkRSTa hokara AtmasAdhanA ke mArga se paramAtmapada kI prApti kI ora mur3a jAtI hai| rahasyabhAvanA kI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka pUre AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha Atmazakti kA dRr3hatApUrvaka upayoga karatA hai| tadartha use kisI bAhya zakti kI bhI prArambhika avasthA meM AvazyakatA hotI hai jise vaha apane preraka tattva ke rUpa meM sthira rakhatA hai| sAdhanA meM sthiratA aura prakarSatA lAne ke lie sAdhaka bhakti jJAna aura karma ke samanvita rUpa kA Azraya lekara sAdhya ko prApta karane kA lakSya banAtA hai| bhakti paraka sAdhanA meM zraddhA aura vizvAsa, jJAnaparaka sAdhanA meM tarka-vitarka kI pratiSThA aura karma paraka sAdhanA meM yathAvidhi AcAra-paripAlana hotA hai| jaina sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAdI sAdhaka bhakti, jJAna aura karma ko samAna rUpa se aMgIkAra karatA hai| dArzanika paribhASA meM ise kramazaH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA paripAlana kahA jA sakatA hai| sAdhanAvasthA meM ina tInoM kA samyak milana nirvANa kI prApti ke lie apekSita hai| sAdhaka aura kavi kI rahasyabhAvanA meM kiMcit antara hai| sAdhaka rahasya kA svayaM sAkSAtkAra karatA hai para kavi usakI bhAvAtmaka bhAvanA karatA hai / yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki yogI kavi nahIM

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA ho sakatA athavA kavi yogI nahIM ho sakatA / kAvya kA to sambandha bhAva se vizeSataH hotA hai aura sAdhaka kI rahasyAnubhUti bhI vahI se jur3I huI hotI hai / ataH itihAsa ke panne isa bAta ke sAkSI hai ki ukta donoM vyaktitva samarasa hokara AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karate rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki yogI kavi huA hai aura kavi yogI huA hai| donoM ne rahasyabhAvanA kI bhAvAtmaka anubhUti ko apanA svara diyA hai / 176 prastuta prabandha meM hamane ukta donoM vyaktittvoM kI pratibhA, anubhUti aura sajagatA ko parakhane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isalie rahasyavAda ke sthAna para hamane 'rahasyabhAvanA' zabda ko adhika upayukta mAnA hai| bhAvanA anUbhUtiparaka hotI hai aura vAda kisI dharma, sampradAya athavA sAhitya se sambaddha hokara sasImita ho jAtA hai| isa antara ke hote hue bhI rahasyabhAvanA kA sambandha antatogatvA cUMki kisI sAdhanA vizeSa se sambaddha rahatA hai isalie vaha bhI kAlAntara meM anubhUti ke mAdhyama se eka vAda bana jAtA hai| isalie 'rahasyavAda' lokapriya ho gayA / adhyAtmavAda aura darzana jahAM taka adhyAtmavAda aura darzana ke sambandha kA prazna hai, vaha parasparAzrita hai| adhyAtmavAda yoga sAdhanA hai jo sAkSAtkAra karane kA eka sAdhana hai aura darzana usa yoga sAdhanA kA bauddhika vivecana hai adhyAtmavAda anubhUti para AdhArita hai jabaki darzana jJAna para AdhArita hai| adhyAtmavAda tattva jJAna pradhAna hai aura darzana usakI paddhati aura vivecana karatA hai| isa prakAra darzana adhyAtmavAda se bhinna nahIM ho sktaa| adhyAtmavAda kI vyAkhyA aura vizleSaNa darzana kI

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177 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa pRSThabhUmi meM hI sambhava ho pAtA hai| donoM ke antara ko samajhane ke lie hama darzana ke do bheda kara sakate haiM - AdhyAtmika rahasyavAda aura dArzanika rhsyvaad| AdhyAtmika rahasyavAda AcAra pradhAna hotA hai aura dArzanika rahasyavAda jnyaanprdhaan| ataH AcAra aura jJAna kI samanvayAvasthA hI saccA adhyAtmavAda athavA rahasyavAda hai| isalie hamane apane prabandha meM jaina AcAra aura jJAna mImAMsA ke mAdhyama se hI rahasyavAda ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| rahasyavAda kisI na kisI siddhAnta athavA vicAra-pakSa para AdhArita rahatA hai aura usa vicAra pakSa kA aTUTa sambandha jIvanadarzana se jur3A rahatA hai jo eka niyamita AcAra aura darzana para pratiSThita rahatA hai| sAdhaka usI ke mAdhyama se rahasya kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| vahI rahasya jaba abhivyakti ke kSetra meM AtA hai to darzana bana jAtA hai| kAvya meM anubhUti kI abhivyakti kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai aura usa abhivyakti meM svabhAvataH zraddhA-bhakti kA Adhikya ho jAtA hai / dhIre-dhIre andhavizvAsa, rUr3hiyAM, camatkAra, pratIka, maMtra-taMtra Adi jaise tattva usase bar3hane aura jur3ane lagate haiN| dUsarI ora rahasyabhAvanA kI pratiSThA jaba tarka para AdhArita ho jAtI hai to usakA dArzanika pakSa prArambha ho jAtA hai| darzana ko na to jIvana se pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na adhyAtma se| isI prakAra kAvya kA sambandha bhI darzana se bilkula tor3A nahIM jA sktaa| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki pratyeka adhyAtmavAdI athavA rahasyavAdI kAvya ke kSetra meM Ane para dArzanika sAhityakAra ho jAtA hai| yahIM usakI rahasya bhAvanA kI abhivyakti vividha rUpa se hotI hai| Adi

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kavi vAlmIki bhI kAlAntara meM dArzanika bana gaye / vedoM aura AgamoM ke rahasya kA udghATana karane vAle RSi-maharSi bhI dArzanika banane se nahIM baca ske| vastutaH yahIM unake jIvanta - darzana kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai aura yahIM unake kavitva rUpa kA udghATana bhI / kAvya kI bhASA meM ise hama rahasyabhAvanA kA sAdhAraNIkaraNa kaha sakate haiN| parama tattva kI guhyatA ko samajhane kA isase adhika acchA aura kauna sA sAdhana ho sakatA hai ? rahasyavAda aura adhyAtmavAda adhyAtma antastattva kI nizchala gatividhi kA rUpAntara hai| usakA sAdhya paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra aura usase ekarUpatA kI pratIti hai| yaha pratIti kisI na kisI sAdhanApatha athavA dharma para AdhArita hue binA sambhava nahIM / sAdhAraNataH vidvAnoM kA yaha mata hai ki dharma yA sampradAya ko rahasyavAda ke antargata nahIM rakhA jA sakatA kyoMki dharma yA sampradAya IzvarIya zAstra (Theology) ke sAtha jur3A rahatA hai| isameM viziSTa AcAra, bAhya pUjana paddhati, sAmpradAyika vyavasthA Adi jaisI bAtoM kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA hai jo rahasyavAda ke lie utane Avazyaka nhiiN| 178 para yaha mata tathyasaMgata nhiiN| prathama to yaha ki IzvarIya zAstra kA sambandha pratyeka dharma athavA sampradAya se usa rUpa meM nahIM jisa rUpa meM vaidika athavA IsAI dharma meM hai| jaina aura bauddha darzana meM Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA-hartA nahIM mAnA gyaa| dUsarI bAta, bAhya pUjana paddhati, karmakANDa Adi kA sambandha bhI jainadharma aura bauddha dharma ke mUla rUpoM meM nahIM miltaa| ye tattva to zraddhA aura bhakti ke vikAsa ke sUcaka haiN|

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa ukta dharmo kA mUla tattva to saMsaraNa ke kAraNoM ko dUra kara nirvANa kI prApti karanA hai / yahI mArga una dharmo kA vAstavika AdhyAtma mArga hai| isI ko hama tattad dharmo kA 'rahasya' bhI kaha sakate haiN| rahasyavAda aura darzana 179 yadyapi darzana kI antima pariNati adhyAtma me hotI hai| para vyavahArataH adhyAtma aura darzana meM antara hotA hai| adhyAtma anubhUtiparaka hai jabaki darzana bauddhika cetanA kA dRSTA hai| pahale meM tattvajJAna para bala diyA jAtA hai jabaki dUsarA usakI paddhati aura vivecanA para ghUmatA rahatA hai / isalie rahasyabhAvanA kA vistAra vividha dArzanika paramparAoM taka ho jAtA hai cAhe ve pratyakSavAdI ho athavA prokssvaadii| vaha eka jIvana paddhati se jur3a jAtI hai jo vyakti ko paramapada taka pahuMcA detI hai| ataeva rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda vyakti ke kriyAkalApa meM atha se lekara iti taka vyApta rahatA hai / rahasyavAda kA sambandha jaisA hama pahale kaha cuke haiM, kisI na kisI dharmadarzana-vizeSa se avazya rhegaa| aisA lagatA hai, abhI taka rahasyavAda kI vyAkhyA aura usakI paribhASA mAtra vaidika darzana aura saMskRti ko mAnadaNDa mAnakara hI kI jAtI rahI hai| IsAI dharma bhI isa sImA se bAhara nahIM hai| ina dharmoM meM Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA Adi svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura isIlie rahasyavAda ko usa ora adhika mur3a jAnA pdd'aa| parantu jahAM taka zramaNa saMskRti aura darzana kA prazna hai, vahAM to isa rUpa meM Izvara kA koI astitva hai hI nhiiN| vahAM to AtmA hI paramAtmapada prAptakara tIrthaMkara athavA buddha bana sakatA hai| use apane andhakArAcchanna mArga ko prazasta karane ke lie eka pradIpa kI AvazyakatA avazya rahatI hai|

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda ke prakAra 180 rahasyabhAvanA athavA rahasyavAda ke prakAra sAdhanAoM ke prakAroM para avalambita hai| vizva meM jitanI sAdhanAyeM hogI, rahasyavAda ke bhI utane bheda hoNge| una bhedoM ke bhI prabheda mileNge| una saba bhedoM-prabhedoM ko dekhane para sAmAnyataH do bheda kiye jAte haiN| bhAvanAtmaka rahasyavAda aura sAdhanAtmaka rhsyvaad| bhAvanAtmaka rahasyavAda anubhUti para AdhArita hai aura sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAda samatAvAdI AcAra-vicAra yukta yogasAdhanA pr| donoM kA lakSya eka hI hai| paramAtmapada athavA brahmajJAna kI prApti meM paramapada se vimukta AtmA dvArA usakI prApti ke saMdarbha meM prema athavA dAmpatya bhAva TapakatA hai| abhivyakti kI asamarthatA honepara pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM apanA anubhava vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| yoga sAdhanoM ko bhI vaha svIkAra karatA hai aura phira bhAvAveza meM Akara anya AdhyAtmika tathyoM kiMvA siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa karane lagatA hai| ataH DaoN0 triguNAyata ke svara meM hama apanA svara milAkara rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda ke nimna prakAra kaha sakate haiM - 1. bhAvAtmaka yA prema pradhAna rahasya bhAvanA, 2. abhivyaktimUlaka athavA pratIkAtamaka rahasyabhAvanA, 3. prakRtimUlaka rahasya bhAvanA, 4. yaugika rahasya bhAvanA, aura 5. AdhyAtmika rahasya bhAvanA / rahasya bhAvanA ke ye sabhI prakAra bhavanAtmaka aura sAdhanAtmaka rahasyabhAvanA ke antargata A jAte haiM / unakI sAdhanA antarmukhI aura

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 181 bahirmukhI donoM hotI haiN| antarmukhI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka azuddhAtmA ke mUla svarUpa vizuddhAtmA ko priyatama athavA priyatamA ke rUpa meM svIkArakara use yogAdi ke mAdhyama se khojane kA prayatna karatA hai tathA bahirmukhI sAdhanA meM vividha AdhyAtmika tathyoM ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna karatA hai| jaina sAdhanA meM ye donoM prakAra kI sAdhanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| vastutaH koI bhI rahasyabhAvanA bhAvanAtmaka aura sAdhanAtka kSetra se bAhara nahIM jA sktii| rahasya bhAvanA kA sambandha carama tattva ko prApta karane se rahA hai aura carama tattva kAsambandha kisI eka dharma athavA yoga sAdhanA vizeSa se rahanA sambhava nhiiN| isalie rahasyabhAvanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM sAdhaka kI jijJAsA aura usakA Acarita sampradAya vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| sampradAyoM aura unake AcAroM kA vaibhinya sambhavataH vicAroM aura sAdhanAoM meM vaividhya sthApita kara detA hai| isalie sAdhAraNa taura para Aja jo vaha mAnyatA hai ki rahasyavAda kA sambandha bharatIya sAdhanAoM meM mAtra vaidika sAdhanA se hI hai, bhrama mAtra hai| pratyeka sampradAya kA sAdhaka apane kisI na kisI Apta puruSa meM advaita tattva kI sthApanA karane kI dRSTi se unake hI dvArA nirdiSTa patha kA anugamana karatA hai aura alaukika svasaMvedya anubhavoM ko pratIka Adi mAdhyama se abhivyakta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Adhunika rahasyavAda kI paribhASA meM bhI mata vaibhinya dekhA jAtA hai| isake bAvajUda adhikAMza sAdhanAoM meM itanI samAnatA dikhAI detI hai ki jaise ve hInAdhika rUpa se kisI eka hI sampradAya se sambaddha hoN| yaha asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM, kyoMki pratyeka sAdhaka kA lakSya usa adRSTa zakti vizeSa kI AtmasAta karanA hai| usakI prApti ke lie

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182 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI triveNI-dhArA kA pavitra pravAha apekSita hai| rahasyavAda kI bhUmikA ina tInoM kI sundara saMgama-sthalI hai| parama satya yA paramAtmA ke AtmasAkSAtkAra ke svarUpa kA varNana sabhI sAdhaka eka jaisA nahIM kara sake kyoMki vaha anAdi, ananta aura sarvavyApaka hai, aura usakI prApti ke mArga bhI ananta hai| ataH aneka kathanoM se use vyaMjita kiyA jAnA svAbhAvika hai| unameM jaina darzana ke syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda ke anusAra kisI kA bhI kathana galata nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rahasyabhAvanA meM vaibhinya pAye jAne kA yahI kAraNa hai| sambhavataH padmAvata meM jAyasI ne nimna chanda se isI bhAvako darzAyA hai "vidhanA kemAraga hai tete| saraga lakhata tanarauvA jete||" isa vaibhinya ke hote hue bhI sabhI kA lakSya eka hI rahA hai - parama satya kI prApti aura paramAtmA se aatmsaakssaatkaar| rahasya bhAvanA aura rahasyavAda kI paramparA vaidika rahasyabhAvanA - rahasya bhAvanA kI bhAratIya paramparA vaidika yuga se prArambha hotI hai| isa dRSTi se nAsadIya sUvata aura puruSa sUkta vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| nAsadIya sUkta meM eka RSi ke rahasyAtmaka anubhavoM kA varNana hai| tadanusAra sRSTi ke prArambha meM na sat thA na asat aura na AkAza thaa| kisane kisake sukha ke lie AvaraNa DAlA? taba agAdhajala bhI kahAM thA? na mRtyu thI amRt| na rAtri ko pahicAnA jA sakatA thA, na dina ko| vaha akelA hI apanI zakti se zvAsocchavAsa letA rahA isake pare kucha bhI na thaa| 'puruSasUkta' meM rahasyamaya brahma ke

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 183 svarUpa kI to bar3I sundara kalpanA kI gayI hai| yahAM yajJa kI pramukhatA ke sAtha hI bahudevatAvAda kA janma huA aura phira janamAnasa eka devatAvAda kI ora mur3a gyaa| upaniSad sAhitya meM yaha rahasya bhAvanA kucha aura adhika gaharAI ke sAtha abhivyakta huI hai| vedoM se upaniSadoM taka kI yAtrA meM brahma vidyApUrNa rahasyamayI aura guhya bana cukI thii| use putra, ziSya athavA prazAntacittavAn vyakti ko hI dene kA nirdeza hai|" jaratkAru aura yAjJavalka kA saMvAda bhI hamAre kathana ko puSTa karatA hai| kaThopaniSad meM AtmA kI upalabdhi AtmA ke dvArA hI sambhava batAI gaI hai| vahAM usa AtmA ko na pravacana se, na megha se aura na bahuzruta se prApta batAyA gayA hai| tarka se bhI vaha gamya nhiiN| vaha to paramezvara kI bhakti aura svayaM ke sAkSAtkAra athavA anubhava se hI gamya hai|" muNDakopaniSad kI parAvidyA yahI brahma vidyA hai| yahI zreya hai| isI ko adhyAtmaniSTha kahA gayA hai| avidyA ke prabhAva se pratyeka AtmA svayaM ko svatantra mAnatA hai parantu vastutaH vaidika rahasyavAdI vicAradhArA ke anusAra ve sabhI brahma ke hI aMza haiN| yahI brahma zaktizAlI aura sanAtana hai| yaha brahmavidyA avidyA se prApta nahIM kI jA sktii| paramAtmajJAna se hI yaha avidyA dUra ho sakatI hai|" zvetAzvataropaniSad meM kaivalya prApti kI cAra sIr3hiyoM kA nirdezana kiyA gayA hai|56 1. yaugika sAdhanoM aura dhyAnayoga prakriyA ke mAdhyama se paramAtmA kA jJAna prApta honA athavA brahma kA sAkSAtkAra honaa| 2. brahma kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAne para sampUrNa klezoM ko dUra honaa|

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 3. klezakSaya pAne para janma-mRtyu se mukta honA, aura 4. . janma mRtyu se mukta hone para kaivalyAvasthA prApta honA / veda aura upaniSad ke bAda gItA, bhAgavat purANa, zANDilya bhakti sUtra aura nArada bhaktisUtra vaidika rahasyavAdI pravRttiyoM ke vikAsAtmaka sopAna kahe jA sakate haiM / 'tattvamasi, so'haM, ahaM brahmAsmi' jaise upaniSad ke vAkyoM meM abhivyakta vicAradhArA uttarakAlIna saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura hindI sAhitya ko prabhAvita karatI huI Age bar3hatI hai| siddha sampradAya aura nAtha sampradAya kA rahasyavAda yadyapi aspaSTa sA rahA hai para usakA prabhAva bhaktikAlIna kavi kabIra, dAdU aura jAyasI para par3e binA na rhaa| ye kavi nirguNavAdI bhakta rahe / saguNavAdI bhakti kaviyoM meM mIrA, sUra aura tulasI kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| inameM mIrA aura santa kaviyoM kI rahasya bhAvanA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM / tulasI kI rahasya bhAvanA meM dAmpatya bhAvanA itanI gaharAI taka nahIM pahuMca pAI jitanI jAyasI ke kavi meM milatI hai| rItikAla meM Akara yaha rahasya bhAvanA zuSka-sI ho gii| Adhunika kAla meM prasAda panta nirAlA aura mahAdevI jaisI kaviyoM meM avazya vaha prasphuTita hotI huI dikhAI detI hai jise AlocakoM ne rahasyavAda kahA hai / bauddha rahasya bhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda sAdhAraNataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki rahasyavAda vahIM ho sakatA hai jahAM Izvara kI mAnyatA hai| para yaha mata zramaNa saMskRti ke sAtha nahIM baiTha sktaa| jaina aura bauddha dharma veda aura Izvara ko nahIM mAnate / vaidika 184

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 185 saMskRti kI kucha zAkhAoM ne bhI isa saMdarbha meM prazna cinha khar3e kiye haiN| isake bAvajUda vahAM hama rahasya bhAvanA paryApta rUpa meM pAte haiN| ataH uparyukta mata ko vyApti ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bauddha darzana meM AtmA ke astitva ko avyAkRta se lekara nirAtmavAda taka calanA pdd'aa| Izvara ko bhI vahAM sRSTi kA kartA, hartA aura dhartA nahIM mAnA gyaa| phira bhI punarjanma athavA saMsaraNa se mukta hone ke lie vyakti ko caturArya satya kA samyagjJAna honA Avazyaka hai| usakI prApti ke lie prajJA, zIla aura samAdhi ye tIna sAdhana diye gaye haiN| itara sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se citta (AtmA ?) antogatvA buddhatva kI prApti kara letA hai| Age calakara mahAyAnI sAdhanA apekSAkRta adhika guhya bana gii| usane haThayoga aura tAMtrika sAdhanA ko bhI svIkAra kara liyaa| mahAyAna kA zUnyavAda pUrNa rahasyavAdI-sA bana jAtA hai| kabIra Adi kaviyoM para bhI bauddha dharma kA prabhAva dikhAI detA haiM / samUcI bauddha sAdhanA kA paryAlocana karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AtmA, citta athavA saMskAra ko buddhatva meM milA dene kI sAdhanA prakriyA ke rUpa meM rahasya bhAvanA bauddha sAdhakoM meM bhalI bhAMti rahI hai| jaina rahasya bhAvanA sAdhAraNataH jainadharma se rahasya bhAvanA athavA rahasyavAda kA sambandha sthApita karane para usake sAmane Astika nAstika hone kA prazna khar3A ho jAtA hai| paripUrNa jAnakArI ke binA jainadharma ko kucha vidvAnoM ne nAstika darzanoM kI zreNI meM baiThA diyA hai, yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai| isI kalpanA para yaha mantavya vyakta kiyA jAtA hai ki

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186 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jainadharma rahasyavAdI ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki vaha veda aura Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| yahI mUla meM bhUla hai| prAcIna kAla meM jaba vaidika saMskRti kA prAbalya thA, usa samaya nAstika kI paribhASA veda-nindaka ke rUpa meM nizcita kara dI gii| paribhASA ke isa nirdhAraNa meM tatkAlIna paristhiti kA vizeSa hAtha thaa| vedanindaka athavA Izvara sRSTi kA kartA, hartA, dhartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karane vAle sampradAyoM meM pramukha sampradAya the jaina aura bauddh| isalie unako nAstika kaha diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, nirIzvaravAdI mImAMsaka aura sAMkhya jaise vaidika bhInAstika kahe jAne lge| siddhAntataH nAstika kI yaha paribhASA nintAnta asaMgata hai| nAstika aura Astika kI paribhASA vastutaH pAralaukika astitva kI svIkRti aura asvIkRti para nirbhara karatI hai| AtmA aura paraloka ke astitva ko svIkAra karane vAlA Astika aura use asvIkAra karane vAlA nAstika kahA jAnA cAhie thaa| pANinisUtra 'asti nAsti diSTaM matiH' (4-4-60) se bhI yaha bAta puSTa ho jAtI hai / jaina saMskRti ke anusAra AtmA apanI vizuddhatama avasthA meM svayaM hI paramAtmA kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai / daihika aura mAnasika vikAroM se vaha dUra hokara paramapada ko prApta kara letI hai| isa prakAra yahAM svarga, naraka, mokSa Adi kI vyavasthA svayaM ke karmo para AdhArita hai| ataH jaina darzana kI gaNanA nAstika darzanoM meM karanA nitAnta asaMgata hai| jaina rahasyabhAvanA bhI zramaNa saMskRti ke antargata AtI hai| bauddha sAdhanA ne jaina sAdhanA se bhI bahuta kucha grahaNa kiyA hai| jaina

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187 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa sAdhakoM ne AtmA ko kendra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yahI AtmA jaba taka saMsAra meM janma-maraNa kA cakkara lagAtA hai, taba taka use avizuddha athavA karmAcchAdita kahA jAtA hai aura jaba vaha karma se mukta ho jAtA hai taba use AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA kahA jAtA hai| AtmA kI isI vizuddhAvasthA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| paramAtma pada kI prApti sva-para viveka rUpa bhedavijJAna ke hone para hI hotI hai| bhedavijJAna kI prApti mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ke sthAna para samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke samanvita AcaraNa se ho pAtI hai| isa prakAra AtmA dvArA paramAtmapada kI prApti hI jaina rahasyabhAvanA kI abhivyakti hai| Age ke adhyAyoM me hama isI kA vizleSaNa kreNge| - yahAM hama dhyAtavya hai ki rahasyabhAvanA bhAne ke lie svAnubhUti kA honA atyAvazyaka hai| anubhUti kA artha hai anubhv| banArasIdAsa ne zuddha nizcaya, zuddha vyavahAranaya aura AtmAnubhava ko mukti kA mArga batAyA hai| unhoMne anubhava kA artha batAte hue kahA hai ki AtmapadArtha kA vicAra aura dhyAna karane se citta ko jo zAnti milatI hai tathA Atmika rasa kA AsvAdana karane se jo Ananda milatA hai, usI ko anubhava kahA jAtA hai| vastu vicArata dhyAvateM, mana pAvai vishraam| rasa svAdana rasa Upajai, anubhau yAko naam||8 kavi banArasIdAsa ne isa anubhava ko cintAmaNiratna, zAntarasa kA kUpa, mukti kA mArga aura mukti kA svarUpa mAnA hai| isI kA vizleSaNa karate hue Age unhoMne kahA hai ki anubhava ke rasa ko jagata ke jJAnI loga rasAyana kahate haiN| isakA Ananda kAmadhenu

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188 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA citrAvelI ke samAna hai| isakA svAda paMcAmRta bhojana ke samAna hai| yaha karmo kA kSaya karatA hai aura paramapada se prema jor3atA hai| isake samAna anya dharma nahIM hai| anubhau cintAmaNi ratana, anubhava hai rskuup| anubhau mAraga mokha ko, anubhava mokha svruup||18|| anubhau ke rasa so rayAyana kahata jg| anubhau abhyAsa yaha tIratha kI Thaura hai|| anubhau kI jo rasA kahAve soI porasA su| anubhau aghorasAsauM Uradha kI daura hai| anubhau kI keli yahai, kAmadhenu citraavelii| anubhau ko svAda paMca amRta kau kaura hai| anubhau karama torai parama sau prIti jore| anubhau samAna na dharama kauU aura hai||19|| rUpacanda pANDe ne isa anubhUti ko Atma brahma kI anubhUti kahakara use divyabodha kI prApti kA sAdhana batAyA hai| cetana isI se ananta darzana-jJAna-sukha-vIrya prApta karatA hai aura svataH usakA sAkSAtkArakara cidAnanda caitanya kA rasapAna karatA hai - .. anubhau abhyAsa meM nivAsa sudha cetana ko, anubhau sarUpa sudha bodha ko prakAza hai| anubhau apAra uparahata ananta jJAna; anubhau ananta tyAga jJAna sukharAsa hai| anubhau apAra sAra Apa hI kA Apa jAne, Apa hI meM vyApta dIsai jAmeM jar3a nAsa hai|

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189 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa anubhau arUpa hai sarUpa cidAnanda canda, anubhau atIta ATha karma syau akAsa hai||1|| jisa prakAra vaidika saMskRti meM brahmavAda athavA AtmavAda ko adhyAtmaniSTha mAnA hai usI prakAra jaina saMskRti meM bhI rahasyavAda ko AdhyAtmavAda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| paM. AzAdhara ne apane yoga viSayaka grantha ke adhyAtmarahasya' ullikhita kiyA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jainAcArya adhyAtma ko rahasya mAnate the| ataH Aja ke rahasyavAda ko adhyAtmavAda kahA jA sakatA hai| yahI usakI rahasyabhAvanA hai jisapara vaha AdhArita hai| banArasIdAsa ne isa adhyAtma yA rahasya kI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama ko adhyAtma zailI nAma diyaa| tIrthaMkara, cakravartI Adi jaise sAdhakoM ne isI kA anubhava kiyA hai aura isI ko apanI abhivyakti kA sAdhana apanAyA hai - isa hI surasa ke savAdI bhaye te to suno, tIrthaMkara cakravartI zailI adhyAtma kii| bala vAsudeva prati vAsudeva vidyAdhara, cAraNa munIndra indra chedI buddhi bhrama kii||61 adhyAtmavAda kA tAtparya hai Atma cintn| AtmA ke do bhAva haiM - AgamarUpa aura adhyaatmruup| Agama kA tAtparya hai vastu kA svabhAva aura adhyAtma kA tAtparya AtmA kA adhikAra arthAt Atma drvy| saMsAra meM jIva ke do bhAva vidyamAna rahate haiM - Agama rUpa karma paddhati aura adhyAtmarUpa zuddhacetana pddhti| karma paddhati meM dravyarUpa aura bhAvarUpa karma Ate haiN| dravyarUpa karma pudgala pariNAma kahalAte haiM aura bhAvarUpa karmapudgalAkAra AtmA kI azuddha pariNati kahalAte haiN| zuddha cetanA paddhati kA tAtparya hai zuddhAtma pariNAma / vaha bhI dravya rUpa aura

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190 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhAva rUpa do prakAra kA hai| dravya rUpa pariNAma vaha hai jise hama jIva kahate haiM aura bhAva rUpa pariNAma meM ananta catuSTaya, anantajJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya kI prApti mAnI jAtI hai| isa prakAra adhyAtma se sIdhA sambandha AtmA kA hai| adhyAtma zailI kA mUla uddezya AtmA ko karmajAla se mukta karanA hai| pramAda ke kAraNa vyakti upadezAdi to detA hai| para svayaM kA hita nahIM kara paataa| vaha vaisA hI rahatA hai jaisA dUsaroM ke paMkayukta pairoM ko dhone vAlA svayaM apane pairoM ko nahIM dhotaa| yahI bAta kalAkAra banArasIdAsa ne adhyAtma zailI kI viparIta rIti ko bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| isa adhyAtma zailI ko jJAtA sAdhaka kI sudRSTi hI samajha pAtI hai - adhyAtama zailI anya zailI ko vicAra taiso, jJAtA kI sudRSTimAMhi lage eto antro|| eka aura rUpaka ke mAdhyama se kavivara ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki jinavANI ko samajhane ke lie sumati aura AtmajJAna kA anubhava Avazyaka hai| samyak viveka aura vicAra se mithyAjJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| zukladhyAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai, aura AtmA adhyAtma zailI ke mAdhyama se mokSarUpI prAsAda meM praveza kara jAtA hai| jinavANI dugdha maaNhi| vijayA sumati DAra, nijasvAda kaMda vRnda cahala pahala meN| 'mithyAsophI' miTi gaye jJAna kI gahala meM, 'zIranI' zukla dhyAna anahada 'nAda' tAna, 'gAna' guNamAna kare sujasa sahala meN| 'bAnArasIdAsa' madhyanAyaka sabhA samUha, adhyAtma zailI calI mokSa ke mahala meN||

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 191 banArasIdAsa ko adhyAtma ke binA parama puruSa kA rUpa hI nahIM dikhAI detaa| usakI mahimA agama aura anupama hai| vasanta kA rUpaka lekara kavivara ne pUrA adhyAtama phAga likhA hai| sumati rUpI kokilA madhura saMgIta gA rahI hai, mithyAbhrama rUpI kuharA naSTa ho gayA hai| mAyA rUpI rajanI kA sthitikAla kama ho gayA, mohapaMka ghaTa gayA, saMzaya rUpI zizira samApta ho gayA, zubha dala pallava lahalahA paDe, azubha patajhara prArambha ho gaI, viSayarati mAlatI malina ho gaI, virati veli phela gaI, viveka zazi nirmala huA Atmazakti sucandrikA vistRta huI, surati-agnijvAlA jAga uThI, samyaktva-sUrya udita ho gayA, hRdaya-kamala vikasita ho gayA, dhAraNA-dhArA ziva-sAgara kI aura vaha calI, naya paMkti carcarI ke sAtha jJAnadhyAna Dapha kA tAla bajA, sAdhanApicakArI calI, saMvarabhAva-gulAla ur3A, dayA-miThAI, tapamevA, zIla-jala, saMyama-tAmbUla kA sevana huA, parama jyoti pragaTa huI, holikA meM Aga lagI, ATha kAThakarma jalakara bujha gaye aura vizuddhAvasthA prApta ho gii| ___ adhyAtmarasika banArasIdAsa Adi mahAnubhAvoM ke uparyukta gambhIra vivecana se yaha bAta chipI nahIM rahI ki unhoMne AdhyAtmavAda aura rahasyavAda ko eka mAnA hai| donoM kA prasthAna bindu, lakSya prApta tathA usake sAdhana samAna haiM, donoM zAnta rasa ke saMvAhaka haiN| ataH hamane yahAM donoM ko samAna mAnakara cintana yAtrA kI hai| "gUMge kA sA guDai" kI isa rahasyAnubhUti meM tarka apratiSThita ho jAtA hai - 'kahata kabIra taraka dui sAdhai tinakI mati hai moTI' aura vAda-vivAda kI ora se mana dUra hokara bhagavad bhakti meM lIna ho jAtA hai| usakI anubhUti sAdhaka kI AtmA hI kara sakatI haiM / rUpacanda ne isI ko 'cetana anubhava ghaTa pratimAsyoM', cetana anubhava dhana mana

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192 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mIno' Adi zabdoM se abhivyakta kiyA hai| santa sundaradAsa ne brahma sAkSAtkAra kA sAdhana anubhava ko hI mAnA hai| banArasIdAsa ke samAna hI santa sundaradAsa ne bhI usake Ananda ko 'anirvacanIya' kahA hai|" unhoMne use sAkSAt jJAna aura pralaya kI agni mAnA hai jisameM sabhI dvaita, dvanda aura prapaMca vilIna ho jAte haiN| kabIra ne use Apa pichAne Apai Apa tathA sundaradAsa ne 'Apahu Apahi jAnai' svIkAra kiyA hai|" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isI ko zuddhAtmA kA anubhava kahA hai| banArasIdAsa ne paMcAmRta mAna ko bhI anubhava ke samakSa tuccha mAnA hai aura isalie unhoMne kaha diyA - 'anubhau samAna dharama koU ora na anubhava ke AdhAra stambha jJAna, zraddhA aura samatA Adi jaise guNa hote haiN| kabIra aura sundaradAsa jaise santa bhI zraddhA kI AvazyakatA para bala dete haiN| isa prakAra adhyAtma kiMvA rahasya sAdhanA meM jaina aura jainetara sAdhakoM ne samAna rUpa se svAnubhUti kI prakarSatA para bala diyA hai| isa anubhUtikAla meM AtmA ko paramAtmA athavA brahma ke sAtha ekAkAratA kI pratIti hone lagatI hai| yahI samatA aura samarasatA kA bhAva jAgarita hotA hai / isake lie santoM aura AcAryoM ko zAstroM aura AgamoM kI apekSA svAnubhUti aura cintanazIlatA kA AdhAra adhika rahatA hai| DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne santoM ke sandarbha meM sahI likhA hai - ye tattva sIdhe zAstra se nahIM Aye, varan zatAbdiyoM kI anubhUti-tulA para tulA kara, mahAtmAoM ke vyAvahArika jJAna kI kasauTI para kase jAkara, satsaMga aura guru ke upadezoM se saMgRhIta hue| yaha darzana svArjita anubhUti hai| jaise sahasroM puSpoM ko sugandhitamadhu kI eka bUMda meM samAhita hai, kisI eka phUla kI sugandhita madhu meM nahIM hai, usa madhu nirmANa ke bhramara meM aneka puNya tIrtho kI yAtrAyeM sanniviSTa haiN| aneka

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 193 puSpoM kI kyAriyAM madhu ke eka-eka kaNa meM nivAsa karatI haiM, usI prakAra santa sampradAya kA darzana aneka yugoM aura sAdhakoM kI anubhUtiyoM kA samuccaya hai| jaina aura jainetara rahasya bhAvanA meM antara uparyukta saMkSipta vivecanA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki jaina aura jainetara rahasya bhAvanA meM nimnalikhita antara hai - ___ (1) jaina rahasya bhAvanA AtmA aura paramAtmA ke milane kI bAta avazya karatA hai para vahAM AtmA se paramAtmA mUlataH pRthak nhiiN| AtmA kI vizuddhAvasthA ko hI paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai jabaki anya sAdhanAoM meM anta taka AtmA aura paramAtmA donoM pRthak rahate haiN| AtmA aura paramAtmA ke ekAkAra hone para bhI AtmA paramAtmA nahIM bana paataa| jaina sAdhanA ananta AtmAoM ke astitva ko mAnatA hai para jainetara sAdhanAoM meM pratyeka AtmA ko paramAtmA kA aMza mAnA gayA hai| (2) jaina rahasya bhAvanA meM Izvara ko sukha-duHkha dAtA nahIM mAnA gyaa| vahAM tIrthaMkara kI parikalpanA milatI hai jo pUrNataH vItarAgI aura Apta hai| ataH use prasAda-dAyaka nahIM mAnA gyaa| vaha to mAtra dIpaka ke rUpa meM patha-darzaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| uttarakAla meM bhakti Andolana hue aura unakA prabhAva jaina sAdhanA para bhI pdd'aa| phalataH unheM bhaktivaza duHkhahAraka aura sukhadAyaka ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| premAbhivyakti bhI huI hai para usameM bhI vItarAgatA ke bhAva adhika nihita haiN| (3) jaina sAdhanA ahiMsA para pratiSThita hai| ataH usakI rahasya bhAvanA bhI ahiMsA mUlaka rhii| SaTcakra, kuNDalinI Adi jaisI

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194 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA tAntrika sAdhanAoM kA jora utanA adhika nahIM ho pAyA jitanA anya sAdhanAoM meM huaa| ___ (4) jaina rahasya bhAvanA kA hara pakSa samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke samanvita rUpa para AdhArita hai| (5) sva-para viveka rUpa bhedavijJAna usakA kendra hai| (6) pratyeka vicAra nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya para AdhArita hai| jaina aura jainetara rahasya bhAvanA meM antara samajhAne ke bAda hamAre sAmane jaina sAdhakoM kI eka lambI paramparA A jAtI hai| unakI sAdhanA ko hama AdikAla madhyakAla aura uttarakAla ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| ina kAloM meM jaina sAdhanA kA kramika vikAsa bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai / ise saMkSepa meM hamane prastuta prabandha kI bhUmikA meM upasthita kiyA hai| ataH yahAM isa sandarbha meM adhika likhanA upayukta nahIM hogaa| basa, itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki jaina rahasya bhAvanA tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se prArambha hokara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra taka pahuMcI, mahAvIra se AcArya kundakunda, umAsvAmI, samantabhadra, siddhasena divAkara, muni kArtikeya, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcanda, muni yogendu muni rAmasiMha, Anandatilaka, banArasIdAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, Anandaghana, bhUdharadAsa, dyAnatarAya, daulatarAma Adi jaina rahasya sAdhakoM ke mAdhyama se rahasya bhAvanA kA uttarottara vikAsa hotA gyaa| para yaha vikAsa apane mUla svarUpa se utanA adhika dUra nahIM huA jitanA bauddha sAdhanA kA vikaas| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina rahasya sAdhanA se jainetara rahasya sAdhanAoM ko paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| isakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana AdikAlIna aura madhyakAlIna hindI sAhitya se kiyA jAnA abhI zeSa hai| isa adhyayana ke bAda vizvAsa hai,

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rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 195 rahasyavAda kiMvA rahasya bhAvanA ke kSetra meM eka nayA mAnadaNDa prasthApita ho skegaa| anta meM yahAM yaha kaha denA bhI Avazyaka hai ki chAyAvAda mUlataH eka sAhityika Andolana rahA hai jabaki rahasyavAda kI paramparA Adya paramparA rahI hai / isalie rahasyavAda chAyAvAda ko apane sukomala aMga meM sahajabhAva se bhara letA hai| phalataH hindI-sAhitya ke samIkSakoM ne yatra-tatra rahasyavAda aura chAyAvAda ko eka hI tulA para taulane kA upakrama kiyA hai| vastutaH eka asIma hai, sUkSma hai, amUrta hai jabaki dUsarA sasIma hai, sthUla hai aura mUrta hai| rahasya bhAvanA meM saguNa sAkAra bhakti se nirguNa nirAkAra bhakti taka sAdhaka sAdhanA karatA hai| para chAyAvAda meM isa sUkSmatA ke darzana nahIM hote| mAnavatAvAda aura sarvodayavAda ko bhI rahasyavAda kA paryAyArthaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| rahasyavAda Atmaparaka hai jabaki mAnavatAvAda aura sarvodayavAda samAjaparaka hai| __rahasyavAda vastutaH eka kAvyadhArA hai jisameM kAvya kI mUla AtmA anubhUti pratiSThita rahatI hai| rahasya zabda gUDha, guhya, ekAnta artha meM prayukta hotA haiN| AcArya Anandavardhana ne dhvani tattva ko kAvya kA 'upaniSad' kahA hai jise dArzanika dRSTi se rahasya kahA jA sakatA hai aura kAvya kI dRSTi se 'rasa' mAnA jA sakatA hai| rasa kA sambandha bhAvAnubhUti se hai jo vAsanAtmaka (cittavRttirUpAtmaka) athavA AsvAdAtmaka hotI hai| rahasya kI anubhUti jJAtA-jJeya-jJAna kI anubhUti hai| kavi isa rahasya kI anubhUti ko tanmayatA se jor3a letA hai jahAM rasa-saMcaraNa hone lagatA hai| yaha anubhUti Atmaparaka hotI hai, bhAvanA mUlaka hotI hai| bhAvanA zabda kA prayoga jaina darzana meM anucintana, dhyAna

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA anuprekSaNake artha meM huA hai / vedAnta meM isI ko nididhyAsana mAnA hai / vyAkaraNa meM bhAvanA ko 'vyApAra' kA paryayArthaka kahA hai| bhaTTa isI ko bhAvakatva athavA sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN|" yahI rasAnubhUti hai jo sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM vyApta ho jAtI hai| bhAvanA ke abhAva meM abhivyakti kisI bhI paristhiti meM saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie kavi ke lie bhAvanA eka sAdhana kA kAma karatI hai| AdhyAtmika bhAva dRSTA rahasya kI sAkSAt bhAvanA karatA hai jabaki kavi usakI bhAvAtmaka anubhUti karatA hai| jaina sAdhaka adhyAtmika kavi hue haiM jinameM rahasya bhAvanA kA saMcAra donoM rUpoM meM huA hai| unakA sthAyI bhAva vairAgya rahA hai| aura ve zAntarasa ke pujArI mAne jAte haiM / " 81 196 vAda ke jAla meM phaMsakara yaha rahasya bhAvanA rahasyavAda ke rUpa meM Adhunika sAhitya meM prasphuTita huI hai| isakA vAstavika sambandha adhyAtmavidyA se hai jo Atma paraka hotI hai| antaH sAkSAtkAra kendrIya tattva hai| anubhUti usakA sAdhana hai| mokSa usakA sAdhya hai jahAM AtmajJAna ke mAdhyama se jina tattva aura ahaMtattva meM advaita bhAva paidA ho jAtA hai| 82 jaina kavi bAda ke pacar3e meM nahIM rhe| ve to rahasya bhAvanA taka hI sImita rahe haiN| isalie hamane yahAM darzana aura kAvya kI samanvayAtmakatA ko AdhAra manA hai jahAM sAdhakoM ne samarasa hokara apane bhAvoM kI abhivyakti prastuta kI hai| ve sAdhaka pahale haiM, kavi bAda meM haiN| jahAM kahIM dArzanika kavi aura sAdhaka kA rUpa eka sAtha bhI dikhAI de jAtA hai / vAda zailI kA dyotaka hai aura bhAvanA anubhUti paraka hai| jaina kavi bhAvAnubhUti meM adhika juTe rahe haiN| isalie hamane yahAM

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197 rahasya bhAvanA eka vizleSaNa 'rahasyavAda' ke sthAna para rahasya bhAvanA ko hI adhika upayukta mAnA hai| rahasya bhAvanA ke vivecana ke kAraNa rahasyavAda kA kAvyapakSa bhI hamAre adhyayana kI paridhi se bAhara ho gayA hai| rahasyavAdI prArambhika hindI jaina sAhitya apabhraMza se adhika prabhAvita hai| isa sAhitya meM mahApurANa, caritakAvya, rUpakakAvya, kathA grantha, sandhi kAvya, rAso aura stotra - stavana Adi vividha rUpa pAye jAte haiN| paumacariu, riTThaNemicariu (harivaMzapurANa) aura svayaMbhU chanda inakI vikhyAta kRtiyAM haiN| ina granthoM meM yathAsthAna kavi ne jaina rahasya bhAvanA ko baDe mArmika DhaMga se vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| puSpadanta (10vIM zatI) ne bhI apane apabhraMza mahApurANa, NAyakumAra cariu aura jasahara cariu meM pAramparika upamAnoM ke AdhAra para jaina sAdhanA kA sundara vivecana kiyA hai| dhavala kA harivaMzapurANa, dhanapAla kI bhavisayatta kahA, vIrakavi kA jaMbusAmicariu, muni kanakAmara kA karakaMDacariu, dhAhila kA paumasiri cariu, padmakIrti kA pAsacariu, zrIdhara kA bhavisayatta cariu, devasenagaNi kA sulocanAcariu, yazaH kIrti kA caMdappahacariu Adi apabhraMza kRtiyAM jaina rahasyabhAvanA ko spaSTa karatI huI dikhAI detI haiM / apabhraMza rAsa sAhitya kI tIna dhArAeM milatI haiM - 1) dhArmika rAsa dhArA, 2) carita kAvya sambandhI rAsadhArA, aura 3) laukika prema sambandhI rAsadhArA / upadezasAyanarAsa, bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa Adi rAsA sAhitya meM jaina vicAra-AcAra paddhati ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yogIndu ne paramappayAsu yA paramAtmaprakAza nAmaka AdhyAtmika racanA meM AtmA-paramAtmA sambandhI avadhAraNA ko vivecita karate hue rahasya bhAvanA kI gambhIratA ko sAMgopAMga prastuta kiyA hai| isI taraha muni rAmasiMha kA pAhuDa dohA, devasena kA sAvayadhammadohA, hariSeNa

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198 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kI dhammaparikkhA Adi apabhraMza grantha bhI isI sandarbha se jur3e hue haiM jinameM jaina rahasya bhAvanA kA darzana abhivyakta huA hai| apabhraMza ke ina kaviyoM meM yogIndu aura muni rAmasiMha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM jinhoMne AdyopAnta rahasya sAdhanA ko abhivyakti dI hai| yogIndu ne apane paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra meM AtmA ke tInoM bhedoM kA mArmika citraNa kiyA hai - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| paramAtmapada kI prApti ke liye unhoMne nizcayanaya, vyavahAranaya, samyakdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi kA varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne paramAtmA ko hI niraMjana deva kahA hai jo pApa puNya, rAga-dveSAdi bhAvoM se mukta hokara janma-maraNa se pare hai (1.19-21) / isI taraha muni rAmasiMha ne zuddhAtmA ko padmapatraivAmbhasA kahakara use nitya aura niraMjana mAnA hai| unakI dRSTi meM AtmasvarUpa ko jAnane ke lie kisI ko bAyAcAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| use AvazyakatA hai zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti kI (pAhuDa dohA, 163) / apabhraMza kI isI paramparA ko hindI jaina sAhityakAroM ne Age baDhAyA hai| banArasIdAsa aise sAhityakAroM meM agragaNanIya haiN| raidhU ne 'so'haM' meM apanA paricaya dete hue isI zuddhAtmA kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| jaina rahasyabhAvanA kA yahI mUlabindu hai|

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paMcama parivarta rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva rahasya bhAvanA kA caramotkarSa brahmasAkSAtkAra hai| sAhitya meM isa brahmasAkSAtkAra ko paramArtha prApti, Atma sAkSAtkAra paramapada prApti, parama satya, ajara-amara pada Adi nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| isameM Atma cintana ko rahasyabhAvanA kA kendra bindu mAnA gayA hai| AtmA hI sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se svAnubhUtipUrvaka apane mUla rUpa paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai / isa sthiti taka pahuMcane ke lie use eka lambI yAtrA karanI par3atI hai| sarvaprathama use svaMya meM vidyamAna rAga-dveSa-mohAdika vikAroM ko vinaSTa karanA par3atA hai| ye hI vikAra saMsArI ko janma-maraNa ke duHkha sAgara meM DubAye rahate haiN| unako dUra kiye binA na sAdhanA kA sAdhya pUrA hotA hai aura na brahmasAkSAtkAra rUpa paramarahasya tattva taka pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAyaH sabhI sAdhanAoM meM unase vimukta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| 1. sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanA sAdhaka kavi sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanA para vividha prakAra se cintana karatA hai| cintana karate samaya vaha sahajabhAva se bhAvuka ho jAtA hai| usa avasthA meM vaha kabhI apane ko doSa detA hai to kabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko bIca meM lAtA hai| kabhI rAgAdika padArtho kI ora

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200 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA nihAratA hai to kabhI tIrthaMkaroM se prArthanA, vinatI aura ulAhane kI bAta karatA hai| kabhI pazcAttApa karatA huA dikhAI detA hai to kabhI satsaMgati aura dAsyabhAva ko abhivyakta karatA hai| ina sabhI bhAvanAoM ko hindI jaina kaviyoM ne nimna prakAra se apane zabdoM meM gUMthane kA prayatna kiyA hai| sarvaprathama hama rItikAlIna 16vIM zatAbdI kI usa kAvya dhArA ko dekhate haiM jisameM eka vizeSa paddhati se nAyaka-nAyikA kI zrAMgArika ceSTAeM varNita huI haiN| caupaI phAgu meM ajJAta kavi ne nArI saundarya kA varNanakara sAMsArika viSaya vAsanA ko uddIpana ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai - karai zrRMgAra sAra galai hAra, caraNe neuranA jhamakAra, citrA laMkiiti kuca kaThora, paDatI rasiyAM citta cakora / pihiraNa navaraMga anopama cIra, gorI caMpAvanna sarIra, tapata kaMcU kasaNa kasamasai, yugama payodhara bhArila lsi| jaMgha yazAu kadalI thaMbha, rUpai jamali na dIsi raMga, madana mezalI hIre jar3I nahari jisyA sata kamala paashdd'ii| padminI hastanI citraNi nAri, lIlAvaMtI ramai murAri, sola sahasa banai milI anaMda, rAsa bhAsi gAi govyaMda / __ (DA0 bho0 sADasarA-prAcIna phAgu saMgraha pR0 112) to kavi kabhI "iNi saMsAri dukha bhaMDArI" kahakara yaha kahatA hai ki isa sAgara ko vahI pAra kara sakatA hai jisane samakita (jainadharma dIkSA) svIkAra kara liyA ho| kavi ko vizvAsa hai ki jinopAsanA ke binA usakA uddhAra nahIM ho sakatA - jaga tAraNu jiu jaga AdhAru, jiNa viNu avari nahIM bhavapAru (mAtRkA cupi)|

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201 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva kavivara banArasIdAsa saMsAra kI nazvarazIlatA para vicAra karate hue kahate haiM ki sAre jIvana tUne vyApAra kiyA, juA Adi khelA, sonA-cAMdI ekatrita kiyA, bhoga vAsanAoM meM ulajhA rhaa| para yaha nizcita hai ki eka dina yama AyegA aura tumheM yahAM se uThA le jaayegaa| usa samaya yaha sArA vaibhava yahIM par3A raha jaayegaa| AMdhI-sI clegii| saba kucha calA jAyegA yaha karAla kAla kI kRpANa sadaiva tumhAre sira para laTakatI rahatI hai / aba to vRddhAvasthA bhI A gyii| isa samaya to kama se kama mana meM yaha sUjha AjAya aura janma-maraNa kI bAta ko socakara saMsAra ke svabhAva para vicAra kara leM : vA dina ko kara soca jiya mana * hai / banaja kiyA vyApArI tUne TAMDA lAdA bhArI / ochI pUMjI juA khelA Akhira bAjI hArI re / / Akhira bAjI hArI, kara le calane kI taiyArI / ika dina Dora hoyagA vana meN|| vA dina / / 1 / / jhUThe nainA ulaphata bAMdhI, kisakA sonA kisakI caaNdii| isa dina pavana calegIAMdhI, kisakI bIbI kiskiibaaNdii|| nAhaka citta lagA bai dhana meN|| vA dina / / 2 / / miTTI setI miTTI miliyo, pAnI se pAnI / / mUrakha setI mUrakha liyo, jJAnI se jJAnI / / yaha miTTI hai tere tana meN|| vA dina / / 3 / / kahata banArasi suni bhavi prANI, yaha pada hai niravAnA re| jIvana marana kiyA sau nAhIM, sira para kAla nizAnAre / / sUjha par3egI bur3hApepana meN||vaa dina / / 4 / / '

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202 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA saMsaraNa kA prabalatama kAraNa moha aura ajJAna hai jinake kAraNa jIva kI rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRttiyAM utpanna hotI haiN| ye pravRttiyAM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha kI ora mana ko daur3AtI haiN| mana kI caMcalatA aura vacanAdi kI asaMyamatA se zubha athavA kuzala karma bhI duHkhadAyI ho jAte haiM / moha ke zeSa rahane para kitanA bhI yogAsana Adi kiyA jAye para vyakti kA citta Atma-dRSTi kI ora nahIM daudd'taa| zrutAbhyAsa karane para bhI jAti, lAbha kula, bala, tapa, vidyA, prabhutA aura rUpa ina ATha bhedoM se jIva abhimAna grasta ho jAtA hai| phalataH viveka jAgrata nahIM hotA aura Atmazakti pragaTa nahIM ho paatii| isalie banArasIdAsa jIva para karuNAdra hokara kahate haiM: dekho bhaI mahAvikala saMsArI dukhita anAdi moha ke kArana, rAga dveSa bhrama bhaarii|| ___ yahIM AcArya somakIrti kA yazodhararAsa (saM. 1536) dekhie jahAM mahArAnI apane rUpavAna pati ko dhokhA dekara kor3hI ke pAsa jAtI hai to kavi ko nArI caritra para kucha kahane kA avasara milatA hai / ve likhate haiM : nArI visahara vela, nara vaMcevAe dhaDie, nArIya nAmaja mohala nArI narakamato taDI e| kuTila paNAnI khANi, nArI nIcaha gAminI e, sAMcu na boli vANi bAdhiNa sApiNa agina zikhAye / (kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa, pR. 48) saMsArI jIva ko anaMtakAla taka isa saMsAra meM khelate-bhaTakate ho gayA para kabhI use isakA pazcAttApa nahIM huaa| vaha juA, Alasa, zoka, bhaya, vikathA, kautuka, kopa, kRpaNatA, ajJAnatA bhrama, nidrA,

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203 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva mada aura moha ina teraha kAThiyoM meM ramatA rhaa| jisa saMsAra meM sadaiva janma-maraNa kA roga lagA rahatA hai, Ayu kSINa hone kA koI upAya nahIM rahatA, vividha pApa aura vilApa ke kAraNa jur3e rahate haiM, parigraha kA vikAra mithyA lagatA rahatA hai, indriya-viSaya-sukha svapnavat rahA hai, usa caMcala vilAsa meM, re mUr3ha, tU apanA dharma tyAgakara mohita ho gyaa| aise moha aura harSa-viSAda ko chodd'| jo kucha bhI sampatti milI hai vaha puNya pratApa ke kaarnn| para usake parigraha aura moha ke kAraNa tUne karmabaMdha kI sthiti bar3hA lii| jaba anta AvegA to yahAM se akele hI jAnA pdd'egaa| saMsAra kI vAstavika sthiti para sAdhaka jaba cintana karatA hai to use spaSTa AbhAsa ho jAtA hai ki yaha zarIra bhI anya padArtho ke samAna zakti hIna hotA calA jaayegaa| bAlyAvasthA se vRddhAvasthA taka zarIra kI giratI huI kramika avasthA ko dekhakara sAdhaka virakta sA ho jAtA hai| use sArA saMsAra nazvara pratIta hone lagatA hai| jagajIvana ko to yaha sArA saMsAra dhana kI chAyA-sA dikhatA hai| unhoMne eka sundara rUpaka meM yaha bAta khii| putra, kalatra, mitra, tana, sampatti Adi karmodaya ke kAraNa jur3a jAte haiN| janma-maraNa rUpI varSA AtI hai aura Azrava rUpI-pavana se ve saba baha jAte haiN| indriyAdika viSaya laharoM-sA vilIna ho jAtA hai, rAgadveSa rUpa vaka-paMkti bar3I lambI dikhAI detI hai, moha-gahala kI kaThora Aja sunAI paDatI hai, sumati kI prApti na hokara kumati kA saMyoga ho jAtA hai, isase bhavasAgara kaise pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| para jaba ratnatraya (samyagdarzanajJAna-cAritra) kA prakAza aura anaMta catuSTaya (anaMta darzana-jJAnasukha-vIrya) kA sukha milane lagatA hai taba kavi ko yaha sArA saMsAra kSaNabhaMgura lagane lagatA hai- jagata sabadIsata dhana kI chaayaa|

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204 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA saMsArI jIva apanI AdatoM se atyanta duHkhI ho jAtA hai| vaha na to kisI prakAra paMca pApoM se mukta ho pAtA hai aura na cAra vikathAoM se| mana, vacana, kAya ko bhI vaha apane vaza nahIM kara pAtA, rAga dveSAdika jama jAte haiM, Atma-jJAna ho nahIM paataa| aisI sthiti meM jagatarAma kavi trasta-sA hokara kahate haiM - 'merI kauna gati hogI he gusAI / / dyAnatarAya ko to yaha sArA saMsAra bilkula mithyA dikhAI detA hai| ve anubhava karate haiM ki jisa nazvara deha ko hamane apanA priya mAnA aura jise hama sabhI prakAra ke rasapAkoM se poSate rahe, vaha kabhI hamAre sAtha calatA nahIM, taba anya padArtho kI bAta kyA soMce? sukha ke mUla svarUpa ko to dekhA samajhA hI nhiiN| vyartha meM moha karatA hai| AtmajJAna ko pAye binA asatya ke mAdhyama se jIva dravyArjana karatA, asatya sAdhanA karatA, yamarAja se bhayabhIta hotA 'maiM' aura 'merA' kI raTa lagAtA saMsAra meM ghUmatA phiratA hai / isalie saMsAra kI vinAzazIlatA dekhate hue ve saMsArI jIvoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiN| 'mithyA yaha saMsAra haire, jhUThA yaha sNsaarre|" daulatarAma ne bhI saMsAra ko 'dhoke kI TATI' kahA hai aura batAyA hai ki saMsArI jIva jAnabUjhakara apanI AMkhoM para paTTI bAMdhe hue hai| use samajhAte hue ve kahate haiM ki tere prANa kSaNa meM nikala jAyeMge, to terI yaha miTTI yahIM par3I raha jaayegii| ataH antaHkapATa khola le aura mana ko vaza meM kara le| saMsArI jIva anaMtakAla se saMsAra meM janma-maraNa ke cakkara lagA rahA hai, utpanna hone se marane taka duHkhadAha meM jalatA rahatA hai| bhakta kavi dyAnatarAya ko mAtA, pitA, putra patnI Adi sabhI svArthAdha dikhAI dete haiN| zarIra kA ratibhAva kavi ko aura bhI

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 205 virAgatA kI ora jAne ko bAdhya karatA hai| isalie isase dUra hone ke lie ve brahmajJAna kA anubhava Avazyaka mAnate haiN| yahI unake lie kalyANa kA mArga hai| isI saMdarbha meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne caupaTa ke khela meM saMsAra kA citraNa prastuta kiyA hai.... caupaTa ke khela meM tamAsau eka nayo dIsai, jagata kI rIti saba yAhI meM banAI hai|" yaha saMsAra kI vicitratA hai| kisI ke ghara maMgala ke dIpa jalate haiM, unakI AzAyeM pUrI hotI haiM, para koI aMdhere meM rahatA hai, iSTa viyoga se rudana karatA hai, nirAzA usake ghara meM chAyI rahatI hai| koI sundarasundara vastrAbhUSaNa pahinatA, ghor3oM para dauDatA hai para kisI ko tana DhAMkane ke lie bhI kapar3e nahIM milte| jise prAtaHkAla rAjA ke rUpa meM dekhA vahI dopahara meM jaMgala kI ora jAtA dikhAI detA hai| jala ke babUle ke samAna yaha saMsAra asthira aura kSaNabhaMgura hai| isa para darpa karane kI kyA AvazyakatA?2 vaha to rAtri kA svapna jaisA hai, pAvaka meM tRNapUla'sA hai, kAla-kudAla lie zira para khar3A hai, moha pizAca ne matiharaNa kiyA hai| __ saMsAra jIva dravyArjana meM acche bure sabhI prakAra ke sAdhana apanAtA, makAna Adi khar3A karatA, putra-putrI Adi ke viSaya meM bahuta kucha socatA para isI bIca yadi yamarAja kI pukAra ho uThI to 'rUpI zataraMja kI bAjI' sI saba kucha vastuyeM yoM hI par3I raha jAtI, usa dhanadhAnya kA kyA upayoga hotA? cAhata hai dhana hoya kisI vidha, to saba kAja kareM jiyarA jii| geha cinAya karUM gahanA kachu, byAhi sutA suta bAMTiye bhaajii|| cintata yauM dina jAhiM cale, jama Ami acAnaka deta dgaajii| khelata khela khilAri garyai, rahi jAirUpI zataraMja kI baajii||

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206 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jinake pAsa dhana hai ve bhI duHkhI haiM, jinake pAsa dhana nahIM hai ve bhI tRSNAvazaduHkhI haiM / koI dhana-tyAgI hone para bhI sukha-lAlacI hai, koI usakA upayoga karane para duHkhI hai| koI binA upayoga kiye hI duHkhI hai| saca to yaha hai ki isa saMsAra meM koI bhI vyakti sukhI nahIM dikhAI detaa| vaha to sAMsArika vAsanAoM meM lagA rahatA hai| pAMDe jinadAsa ne jIva ko mAlI aura bhava ko vRkSa mAnakara mAlIrAso nAmaka eka rUpaka rcaa| isa bhava-vRkSa ke phala viSajanya haiN| usake phala maraNAntaka hote haiM- 'mAlI varaje ho nA rahai, phala kI bhuuss| sundaradAsa ke lie yaha Azcarya kI bAta lagI ki eka jIva saMsAra kA Ananda bhI lUTanA cAhatA hai aura dUsarI ora mokSa sukha bhii| para yaha kaise sambhava hai ? patthara kI nAva para car3hakara samudra ke pAra kaise jAyA jA sakatA hai ? kRpANoM kI zayyA se vizrAma kaise mila sakatA hai 'pAthara kI kari nAva pAra-dadhi utarayau cAhe, kAga ur3Avani kAja mUr3ha cintAmaNi baahe| basai chAMha bAdala taNI racai dhU ke dhUma, kari kRpANa saijyA ramai te kyAM pAvai visraam||" vinayavijaya saMsArI prANiyoM kI mamatA pravRtti ko dekhakara bhAvuka ho uThate haiM aura kaha uThate haiM - 'merI merI karata bAure, phire jIva akulAya' / ye padArtha jala ke bulabule ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura haiM / unase tUM kyoM lalacAtA hai ? mAyA ke vikalpoM ne terI AtmA ke zuddha svabhAva ko AcchAdita kara liyA hai| mRgatRSNA aura atRpti ke kAMToM

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 207 se par3e rahakara duHkha bhoga rahA hai / use jJAna-kusumoM kI zayyA ko prApta karane kA saubhAgya huA hI nhiiN| svayaM meM rahane vAle sudhA-sarovara ko dekhA nahIM jisameM sthAna karane se sabhI duHkha dUra ho jAte haiN| kavivara daulatarAma kA hRdaya saMsAra kI vinazvaratA ko dekhakara karuNAdra ho jAtA hai aura kaha uThatA hai ki are vidvn| tuma isa saMsAra' meM ramaNa mata kro| yaha saMsAra kele ke tane ke samAna asAra hai| phira bhI hama usameM Asakta ho jAte haiM kyoMki moha ke indrajAla meM hama jakar3e hue haiN| phalataH caturgatiyoM meM janma-maraNa ke duHkha bhoga rahe haiN| isa duHkha ko adhika vyakta karane ke lie kavi ne pArivArika sambandhoM kI anityatA kA sundara-citraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA ki kabhI jo apanI patnI thI vaha mAtA bana jAtI hai, mAtA patnI bana jAtI hai, putra pitA bana jAtA hai, putrI sAsa bana jAtI hai| itanA hI nahIM, jIva svayaM kA putra bana jAtA hai| isake atirikta usane naraka paryAya ke ghora duHkhoM ko sahA hai jisakA koI anta nahIM rhaa| use sukha vahAM hai kahAM ! re vidvan ! sura aura manuSya kI pracura viSaya lipsA se bhI tuma paricita ho to batAo, kauna-sA saMsAra jIva sukhI hai ? saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko bhI tumane parakhA hai| vahAM mahAn aizvarya aura samRddhi kSaNa bhara meM naSTa ho jAtI hai| indra jaisA aizvaryazAlI to jIva bhI kukkura ho jAtA hai, nRpa kRmi bana jAtA hai, dhana sampanna bhikhArI bana jAtA hai aura to kyA ! jo mAtA putra ke viyoga meM marakara vyAghriNI banI, usI ne apane putra ke zarIra ke khaNDa-khaNDa kara diye| kavi unase phira kahatA hai ki manuSya ko bAlyavasthA meM hitAhita kA jJAna nahIM rahatA aura taruNAvasthA meM hRdaya kAmAgni se dahakatA rahatA hai tathA vRddhAvasthA meM aMga-pratyaMga vikala ho jAte haiM, taba batAo, saMsAra meM kauna-sI dazA sukhadAyI hai?

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208 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA anta meM kavi anubhUtipUrNa zabdoM meM kahatA hai, re vidvan, saMsAra kI isI asAratA ko dekhakara anya loga mokSa mArga ke anugAmI bane / tuma bhI yadi karmo se mukti cAhate ho to isa kSaNika saMsAra se virakta ho jAo aura jinarAja ke dvArA nirdiSTa mArga para calanA prArambha kara do - mata rAcau dhI- dhArI / - bhaMvarabhramarasara jAnake, mata rAcau dhI dhArI / / indrajAla kau khyAla moha Thaka vibhrama pAsa pasArI / cahugati vipatimayI jAmeM jana, bhramata bharata dukha bhArI / / rAmA mA, mo bAmA, suta pitu, sutA zvasA, avatArI / kau acaMbha jahA~ Apa Apake putradazA vistArI / / ghora naraka dukha aura na ghora na leza na sukha vistArI / / sura nara pracura viSaya jurajAre, ko sukhiyA saMsArI / / maMDala hai akhaMDala china meM, nRpa kRmi, saghana bhikhArI / jA suta - viraha marI hai vAdhini, tA suta deha vidArI / / zizu na hitAhita jJAna, taru ura madana dahana parajArI / vRddha bhaye vikalAMgI thAye, kauna dazA sukhakArI / / yoM asAra lakha chAra bhavya jhaTa gaye mokha - maga cArI / yAtaiM hohu udAsa 'daula' aba, bhaja jinapati jagatArI / / saMsAra kA sundara citraNa jaina kathA sAhitya meM madhubindu kathA ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| eka vyakti ghanaghora jaMgala meM bhUla gayA / vaha bhayabhIta hokara bhaTakatA rhaa| itane meM eka gaja usI kI aura daur3atA dikhAI diyaa| usake bhaya se vaha samIpavartI kue meM kUda pdd'aa| kue ke kinAre lage vaTavRkSa kI zAkhA ko kUdate samaya pakar3a liyA / usameM madhubinduoM kA chAtA lagA huA thaa| usakI bUMdoM meM usakI

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209 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva Asakti paidA ho gii| kUpa ke nimna bhAga meM cAra vikarAla ajagara mu~ha phailAye usa vyakti kI ora nihAra rahe the| idhara hAthI apanI sUr3a se vRkSa zAkhA ko jhakajhora rahA thA aura jisa zAkhA se vaha laTakA thA use do cUhe kATa rahe the| madhumakkhiyAM bhI usa para AkramaNa kara rahI thiiN| isa kathA meM saMsAra mahAvata hai, bhavabhramaNa kUpa ke samAna hai, gaja yama hai, madhumakkhiyoM kA kATanA rAgAdikA AkramaNa hai, ajagara kA kUpa meM honA nigoda kA pratIka hai, cAra ajagara caturgati ke pratIka hai, madhubindu sAMsArika sukhAbhAsa hai, do cUhe kRSNa zuklapakSa ke pratIka hai| kavivara bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI isI kathA kA AdhAra lekara saMsAra kA citraNa kiyA hai| kavi vUcarAja ne saMsAra ko ToDa (vyApAriyoM kA calatA huA samUha) kahA hai aura apane TaMDANAgIta meM parivAra ke svArtha kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai : 'mAta pitA suta sajana sarIra duhu saba loga viraannaave| iyaNa paMkhajima taruvara vAse dasahaM dizA uddaannaave|| viSaya svAratha saba jaga vaMchai kari kari budhi binaannaave| choDi samAdhi mahArasa nUpama madhura vindu lpttaannaave|| saMsAra ke isa citraNa meM kavi sAdhakoM ne eka ora jahAM saMsAra kI viSaya vAsanA meM Asakta jIvoM kI manaHsthiti ko spaSTa kiyA hai vahIM dUsarI ora usase virakta ho jAne kA upadeza bhI diyA hai| ina donoM ke samanvita citraNa meM sAdhaka TUTane se baca gyaa| usakA cintana svAnubhUti ke nirmala jala se nikharakara Age bar3ha gyaa| jaina kaviyoM ke citraNa kI yahI vizeSatA hai| 2. zarIra kA mamatva rahasya sAdhakoM ke lie saMsAra ke samAna zarIra bhI eka cintana

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210 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kA viSaya rahA hai| use unhoMne samIpa se dekhA aura pAyA ki vaha bhI saMsAra ke hara padArtha ke samAna vaha bhI naSTa hone vAlA hai, samaya athavA avasthA ke anusAra vaha lIna hotA calA jAtA hai| adhyAtma rasika bhUdhara kavi ne zarIra ko carakhA kA rUpa dekara usakI yathArtha sthiti kA citraNa kiyA hai / isa sandarbha meM moha-magna vyakti ko sambodhate hue ve kahate haiM ki zarIra rUpI carakhA jIrNa-zIrNa ho gyaa| usase aba koI kAma nahIM liyA jA sktaa| vaha Age bar3hatA hI nhiiN| usake paira rUpa donoM khUTe hilane lage, phephar3oM meM se kapha kI ghara-gharra AvAja Ane lagI jaise purAne carakhese AtI hai, use manamAnA calAyA nahIM jA sktaa| rasanA rUpa takalI lar3akhar3A gayI, zabda rUpa sUta se sudhA nahIM nikalatI, jaldI-jaldI zabda rUpa sUta TUTa jAtA hai, Ayu rUpa mAla kA bhI koI vizvAsa nahIM, vaha kaba TUTa jAya, vividha auSadhiyAM dekara use pratidina svastha rakhane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, usakI marammata kI jAtI hai, vaidyoM aura marammata karane vAloM ne ghuTane Teka diye| jaba taka zarIra rUpa carakhA nayA thA taba taka sabhI ko vaha priya thaa| para jese hI vaha purAnA huA, usakA raMga-viraMga huA, to aba use koI dekhanA hI nahIM caahtaa| isalie he bhAI, mithyA tattva rUpa moTe dhAge ko mahIna kara use sulajhA lo aura samyagjJAna ko utpanna kara lo| usakA anta to IMdhana meM honA nizcita hI hai, basa, prAtaHkAla samajhakara pUre AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha samyagjJAna ko prApta karane kA prayatna kro| "carakhA calatA nAhI (re) carakhA huA purAnA (ve)|| paga khUTe do hAlana lAge, ura madarA khkhraanaa| chIdI huI pAMkhar3I pAMsU, phirai nahIM mnmaanaa||1|| rasanA takalI ne bala khAyA, so aba kese khuutte| ebada sUta sudhA nahIM nikasai, ghar3I ghar3I pala ttuuttai||2||

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211 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva Ayu mAla kA nahIM bharausA, aMga calAcala saare| roja ilAja marammata cAhai, vaida bAr3ha hI haare||3|| bhaiyA carakhA raMgA caMgA, sabakA citta curaavai| palaTA varana gaye guna agale, aba dekha nahIM bhaav||4|| moTA mahI kATa kara bhAI! kara apanA surjheraa| anta Aga se IMdhana hogA, bhUdhara samajha sberaa||5||" chIhala kavi ne udaragIta meM jIva kI tInoM avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| bAlyAvasthA meM vaha nava-dasa mAha atyanta kaSTa pUrvaka garbhAvasthA meM rahatA hai, bAlyAvasthA ajJAna meM calI jAtI hai, yuvAvasthA indriyavAsanA meM nikala jAtI hai aura vRddhAvasthA meM indriyA~ zithila hone lagatI haiM sArA jIvana yoM hI calA jAtA hai - 'udara udadhi meM dasa mAsAha rhyau'| 'jarA bur3hApA bairI Aio, sudhi-budhi nAhI jaba pchitaaiyo|2 aise zarIra se mamatva haTAne ke lie bhUdhara kavi ne zarIra ke saundarya aura bala para abhimAna karane vAle mohI vyakti se kahA ki aba to vRddhAvasthA A gaI, bhAI ! kucha to saceta ho jaao| zravaNa zakti kama ho gaI,pairoM meM calane kI zakti na hone se ve lar3akhar3Ane lge| zarIra yaSTi ke samAna patalA ho gayA, bhUkha kama hone lagI, AMkhoM meM pAnI girane lagA, dAMtoM kI paMkti TuTa gaI, haDDiyoM ke jor3a ukhar3ane lage, kezoM kA raMga badala gayA, zarIra meM roga ne gherA DAla diyA, putrAdi sambandhI usa duHkha ko bAMTa nahIM sakate, taba aura kauna bAMTa sakegA ? isalie re prANI, aba to kama se kama apanA hita kara le| yadi abhI bhI saceta nahIM huA to phira kaba hogA ? pazcAttApa hI hAtha lgegaa| 'AyA rai bur3hApA mAnI, sudhi budhi visarAnI

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212 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa ko yaha zarIra sapta dhAtu se nirmita mahAdurgandha se paripUrNa dikhAI detA hai / isalie unheM Azcarya hotA hai ki koI usameM Asakta kyoM ho jAtA hai| kavi bhUdharadAsa ko bhI yaha Azcarya kA viSaya banA ki kisI ko isa zarIra se ghRNA kyoM nahIM hotI - 'deha dazA yahai dikhita bhrAta, ghinAta nahIM kina buddhi hArI hai| ___ yaha zarIra sabhI prakAra ke apavitra padArtho se bharA huA hai| isalie daulata rAma kahate haiM ki isa zarIra ko ghinaunI aura jar3a jAnakara usase moha mata karo : 'mata kIjyo jI yArI, ghina geha deha jar3a jAna ke / mAta pitA raja vIrajasauM yaha, upajI malaphalavArI / asthimAla pala nasA jAla kI, lAla lAla jalakyArI / / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kahate haiM ki aise ghinaune azuddha zarIra ko zuddha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? zarIra ke lie bhejana kucha bhI do para usase rudhira, mAMsa, asthiyA~ Adi hI utpanna hotI haiN| itane para bhI vaha kSaNabhaMgura banA rahatA hai| para ajJAnI mohI vyakti use yathArtha mAnatA hai| aisI mithyA bAtoM ko vaha satya samajha letA hai|" paM. daulatarAma zarIra ke prati mAnava ke rAga ko dekhakara atyanta dravita ho jAte haiM aura kaha uThate haiM- he mUDha, isase mamatva kyoM karatA hai| yaha zarada megha aura jalabudabula ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura haiN| ataH AtmA aura zarIra kA bhedavijJAna kara, zAzvata sukha ko prApta kro|" eka pada meM ve kahate haiM ki re mUrkha, tuma apanA mithyAjJAna chodd'o| vyartha meM zarIra se

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213 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva mamatva jor3a liyA hai| yaha zarIra tumhArA nahIM hai jise tuma anAdikAla se apanA mAnakara poSaNa kara rahe ho| yaha to sabhI prakAra ke maloM-doSoM kA thailA hai| isase mamatva rakhane ke kAraNa hI tuma anAdikAla se karmo se baMdhe hue ho aura duHkhoM ko bhoga rahe ho| punaH samajhAte hue kavi kahatA hai, yaha zarIra jar3a hai, tU cetana hai| jar3a aura cetana, donoM pRthakpRthak astitva rakhane vAle padArtho ko tuma eka kyoM karanA cAhate ho| yaha sambhava bhI nhiiN| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak caritra ye tInoM tumhArI sampatti hai| isalie sAMsArika padArtho se moha chor3akara tuma usa ajara-amara sampadA ko prApta karo aura zivagaurI ke sAtha sukha bhoga kro| zarIra se rAga chor3e binA vaha mila nahIM sktaa| jinhoMne yaha zarIre-rAga chor3a diyA unhIM se tumhArI mamatA honI caahie| isI jJAnAmRta kA tuma pAna karo tAki para padArtho se tumhArA mamatva chUTa sake: chAMDi de yA budhi bhorI, vRthA tana se rati jorI / yaha para hai, na rahai thira poSata, takala kumala kI jhorI / / yAsauM mamatA kara anAdi teM, baMdhI karama kI DorI / sahai dukha jaladhi-hilaurI / / 1 / / yaha jar3a hai, tU cetana, yoM hI apanAvata varajorI / samyagdarzana, jJAna, carana nidhi ye haiM saMpati torI / / sadA vilaso ziva-gorI / / 2 / / sukhiyA bhaye sadIva jIva jina, yAsauM mamatA torI / 'daula' sIkha yaha lIjai, pIje jJAna-piyUSa kaTorI / miTai para cAha kaThorI / / 3 / /

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214 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vinayavijaya ne zarIra kI nazvaratA aura prakRti ko dekhakara use eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| zarIra ghor3A hai aura AtmA svaar| ghor3A carane meM mAhira hai para kaida hone meM DaratA hai| kitanA bhI acchA-acchA khAye para jIna kasane para bahakane lagatA hai / kitanA bhI paisA kharca karo, saMvArI ke samaya savAra ko kahIM jaMgala meM girA degaa| kSaNa bhara meM bhUkhA hotA hai, kSaNa bhara meM pyaasaa| sevA to bahuta karAtA hai, para tadanurUpa usakA upayoga nahIM ho paataa| use rAste para lAne ke lie cAbuka kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| usake binA saMsAra se pAra nahIM huA jA sakatAH 'ghorA jhUThA hai re tU mata bhUle asavArA / tohi sudhA ye lAgata pyArA, aMta hoyagA nyArA / / carai cIja aura Darai kaida so, abaTa calai aTArA / jina kaise taba soyA cAhai, khAne ko hoziyArA / / khUba khajArA kharaca khilAo, yo saba nyAmata cArA / asabArI kA avasara Avai, galiyA hoya gaMvArA / / chinu tAtA chinu pyAsA hovai, khidamata bahuta karAvana hArA / daura dUra jaMgala meM DAre, jhUre ghanI vicArA / / karahU caukar3A cAtura caukasa, dyau cAbuka do cATA / isa ghore ko vinaya sikhAvo, jyoM pAvoM bhavapArA / / " budhajana zarIra kI nazvaratA kA bhAna karate hue zuddha svabhAva cidAnaMda caitanya avasthA meM sthira hone kA saMdeza dete haiM - 'tana dekhyA asthira ghinAvanA..... bathadhajana tanatai mamata meTanA cidAnaMda pada dhAranA (budhajanavilAsa, pada 116) / mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai| usake

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 215 Ane para koI bhI apane Apako bacA nahIM pAtA, isalie usase bhayabhIta hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM balki AtmaciMtana karake janmamaraNa ke duHkhoM se mukta ho jAnA hI zreyaskara hai - 'kAla acAnaka hI le jAyegA, gAphila hokara rahanA kyA re ! china hU~ toko nAhiM bacAbai to sumaTana ko rakhanA kyA re" (budhajana vilAsa, pada 5) - zarIra kI isa nazvaratA kA AbhAsa sAdhaka pratipala karatA hai aura sAdhanAtmaka pravatti meM zuddha svabhAvI caitanya kI bhAvanA bhAtA hai| mRtyu eka aTala tathya hai jisameM zarIra bhagna ho jAtA hai mAtra svastha cetana raha jAtA hai| 3. karmajAla pratyeka vyakti athavA sAdhaka ke sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa usake svayaMkRta karma huA karate haiN| bhAratIya dharma sAdhanAoM meM cArvAka ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI vicArakoM ne karma ko saMsAra meM janma maraNa kA kAraNa ThaharAyA hai / yaha karma paramparA jIva ke sAtha anAdikAla se jur3I huI hai| jaina cintakoM ne Izvara ke sthAna para karma ko saMsthApita kiyA hai| tadanusAra svayaMkRta karmo kA bhoktA jIva svayaM hI hotA hai, cAhe ve zubha hoM yA ashubh| isalie janma-paramparA tathA sukha-duHkha kI asamAnatA meM Izvara kA koI rola yahAM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA / jIva phala bhogane meM jitana parataMtra hai utanA hI navIna karmoM ke upArjana karane meM svatantra bhI hai| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya ke dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki usa samaya karma ke samakakSa aneka siddhAnta khar3e kara diye gaye the| usa samaya koI kAla ko vizva kA niyantraka mAnatA thA to koI svabhAva ko, koI niyati ko Age lAtA thA to koI yadRcchA ko, kisI kA dhyAna

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216 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhUtoM para jAtA thA to kisI kA Izvara para, koI apane Apako deva ke hAtha de detA thA to koI puruSArtha ko pakar3atA thaa| ina sabhI vAdoM ne ekAntika dRSTikoNa se vicAra kara karma siddhAnta ke sthAna para svayaM ko AsIna kara liyaa| parantu jainadarzana ne isa sabhI ko samanvita rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tadanusAra sabhI kAraNa milakara hI kArya kI niSpatti karate haiM / isI ko samyak dhAraNA kahA jAtA hai / " 32 karmo kA astitva, sukha-duHkha ke vaividhya, navIna zarIra dhAraNA karane kI prakriyA tathA dAnAdika kriyAoM ke phala meM spaSTataH dikhAI detA hai| samAna sAdhana hone para bhI phala kA tAratamya adRSTa karma kA hI pariNAma hai| karma ko jainadharma meM mUrtika athavA paudgalika mAnA gayA hai aura AtmA ko amUrtika / amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta karma sambandha AdikAla se calA A rahA hai| isI prakAra zarIra aura karma kA sambandha bhI bIjAMkura ke samAna anAdikAlIna hai aura vaha kAryakAraNa bhAvAtmaka hai| hamAre mana-vacana-kAya kI pratyeka kriyA apanA saMskAra AtmA aura karma athavA kArmANa zarIra para chor3atI jAtI hai| yaha saMskAra kArmANa zarIra se baMdhatA calA jAtA hai aura usakA jaba paripAka ho jAtA hai to baMdhe karma ke udaya se yaha AtmA svayaM hInAvasthA meM pahuMca jAtI hai| phalataH rAga, dveSa, moha, mithyAtva Adi vikAroM se vaha grasita hotA jAtA hai aura vaha apane ananta jJAnAdi rUpa vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA / purAne karma nirjIrNa hote jAte haiM aura naye karma baMdhate cale jAte haiN| AtmA aura karma kI yahI paramparA anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai| zAstrIya paribhASA meM pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDa rUpa karma ko dravya karma aura rAga dveSAdika pravRttiyoM ko bhAva karma, aura zarIra rUpa karma ko nokarma kahA gayA hai| banArasIdAsa ne ise eka udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA hai| mAna lIjie jisa prakAra koThI meM dhAna rakhI hai, dhAna ke bhItara kaNa hai to usa dhAna ajJAna

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217 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva ko alaga kara kaNa ko rakha lete haiN| isameM koThI ke samAna nokarmamala haiN| dhAna ke samAna dravyakarmamala haiM, camI ke samAna bhAvakarmamala tathA kaNa ke samAna bhagavAna haiN| pudgala ke ye do hI jAla haiM - dravyakarma aura bhaavkrm| sahajazuddha cetana bhAvakarma kI ora basatA hai aura dravya karma nokarma se baMdhA pudgala piNDa hai|"bhaavkrm ke do rUpa haiN| jJAna aura karma, jJAna cakra cetana ke antara meM gupta aura jJAnacakra pratyakSa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki cetana ke ye donoM bhAva zuklapakSa aura kRSNapakSa ke samAna haiM, jJAna ke kAraNa cetana sajaga banA rahatA hai aura karma ke kAraNa mithyAbhrama meM nidrita rahatA hai / eka darzaka hai, dUsarA aMdhA eka nirjarA kA kAraNa hai, dUsarA baMdha kaa|35 jainadharma meM karmo ke Azrava ke kAraNa pAMca mAne gaye haiM - mithyAtva, avirati (vratAbhAva), pramAda, kaSAya (krodha, mAna mAyA aura lobha) aura yoga (mana, vacana, kAya kI prvRtti)| dAna puNyAdika karya zubha karma ke kAraNa haiM aura hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha Adi pApa athavA azubha bandha ke kAraNa haiN| karmo kA bandha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - prakRti bandha, sthiti bandha, anubhAga bandha aura pradeza bndh| prakRtibandha ATha prakAra kA hai - jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antraay| ina karmo ke bheda prabhedAdi kI bhI carcA jaina zastroM ke anusAra hindIjaina kaviyoM ne baDI gairAI aura vistAra se kI hai| usa gaharAI taka hama nahIM jAnA caaheNge| hama yahAM mAtra yaha kahanA cAhate haiM ki ina karmo ke kAraNa jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / jIva ke sukha duHkha kA pramukha kAraNa karma mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra se teja jala pravAha meM bhaMvara cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai aura usameM phaMsa jAne vAlA mRtyu kA zikAra ho jAtA hai usI prakAra karma kA vipAka ho jAne para jIva saMsAra ke janmamaraNa ke pravAha meM vidyamAna karmarUpa bhaMvara meM phaMsa jAtA hai| jisa

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA prakAra jvAra ke prakopa se bhojana meM koI ruci nahIM rahatI usI prakAra kukarma athavA azubhakarma ke udaya se dharma ke kSetra meM use koI utsAha jAgrata nahIM hotaa| jaba taka jIva kA sambandha jar3a athavA karmoM se rahatA hai taba taka use duHkha hI duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM - 218 " jaba lagu motI sIpa mahi taba lagu samu guNa jAi / jaba lagu jIyaDA saMgi jaDa, taba laga dUkha suhAI / / 39 vakhtarAma sAha kA jIva ina karmoM se bhayabhIta ho gyaa| vaha inhIM karmoM ke kAraNa para-padArthoM meM Asakta rahA aura bhava-bhava ke duHkha bhoge / karmo se atyanta duHkhI hokara ve kahate haiM ki ye karma merA sAtha eka pala mAtra ko bhI nahIM chodd'te|" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa to karuNAdra hokara kaha uThate haiM, ki dhueM ke samudAya ko dekhakara garva kauna karegA ? kyoMki pavana ke cale hI vaha samApta ho jAne vAlA hai| sandhyA kA raMga dekhatedekhate jaise vilIna ho jAtA hai, dIpaka-pataMga jaise kAla-kavalita ho jAtA hai, svapna meM jaise koI nRpati bana jAtA hai, indradhanuSa jaise zIghra hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, osabUMda jaise dhUpa ke nikalate hI sUkha jAtI hai, usI prakAra karma jAla meM phaMsA mUDha jIva duHkhI banA rahatA hai / 'dhUmana ke ghaurahara dekha kahA garva karai, ye to china mAhiM jIhi pauna parasata hI / saMdhyA ke samAna raMga dekhata hI hoya bhaMga, dIpaka pataMga jaise kAla garasata hI / / supane meM bhUpa jaise indra dhanurUpa jaise, osa bUMda dhUpa jaise durai darasata hI / aiso I bharama saba karma jAlavargaNA ko, tAme mUDha magna hoya marai tarasata hI / / " -

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 42 1143 karma hI jIva ko idhara se udhara tribhuvana meM nacAtA rahatA hai| ' budhajana hI vidhanA kI mopai kahIM to na jaay| sulaTa ulaTa ulaTI sulaTA de adarasa puni darasAya / ' kahakara karma kI prabalatA kA digdarzana karate hue yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki karmoM kI rekhA pASANa rekhA-sI rahatI hai| vaha kisI bhI prakAra TAlI nahIM jA sakatI / tribhuvana kA rAjA rAvaNa kSaNa bhara meM naraka meM jA pdd'aa| kRSNa kA chappana koTi kA parivAra vana meM bilakhate-bilakhate mara gyaa| hanumAna kI mAtA aMjanA vana-vana rudana karatI rahI, bharata bAhubali ke bIca ghanaghora yuddha huA, rAma aura lakSmaNa ne sItA ke sAtha vanavAsa jhelA, mahAsatI sItA ko dadhakatI Aga meM kUdanA par3A, mahAbalI pANDavoM kI patnI draupadI kA cIra haraNa kiyA gayA, kRSNa rukmaNI kA putra pradyumna devoM dvArA hara liyA gyaa| aise sahasroM udAharaNa haiM jo karmoM kI gAthA gAte milate haiN|" aSTakarmo ko naSTa kiye binA saMsAra kA AvAgamana samApta nahIM hotaa| isa para cintana karate hue zarIrAnta ho jAne ke bAda kI kalpanA karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki aba ve hamAre pAMcoM kisAna (indriyA~) kahAM gaye ? unako khUba khilAyA pilAyA, para vaha saba niSphala ho gyaa| cetana alaga ho gayA aura indriyA~ alaga ho gii| aisI sthiti meM usase mohAdi karane kI kyA AvazyakatA? dekhiye ise kavi kalAkAra ne kitane sundara zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai. - 219 kita gaye paMca kisAna hmaare| kita0 / / ttek|| boyo bIja kheta gayo niraphala, bhara gaye khAda panAre / kapaTI logoM se sAjhAkara... hue Apa vicAre ||1|| Apa divAnA gaha-gaha baiTho likha-likha kAgada DAre / bAkI nikasI pakare mukaddama, pAMcoM ho gaye nyAre / / 2 / / ruka gayo kaMTha zabda nahiM nikasata, hA hA karma sau kAre / 'banArasa' yA nagara na baviye, cala gaye sIMcana hAre / / 3 / / " 45

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA saMsAra kI asAratA ko dekhate hue kavivara bhagavatIdAsa saMsArI se abhimAna chor3ane ko kahate haiM - 'chAMDi de abhimAna jiyake chAMDi de|" rAjA raMka Adi koI kabhI sthira rUpa se yahAM nahIM rhe| tumhAre dekhate-dekhate kitane loga Aye aura gye| eka kSaNa ke viSaya meM bhI kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| ataH caturgati ke bhramaNa meM kAraNabhUta ina karmo ko chor3ane kA prayatna kro| pAMDe rUpacanda kI AtmA nijapada ko bhUlakara karmo ke kAraNa saMsAra meM janma maraNa karane lgii| use tRSNA kI pyAsa bhI adhika lagI - 220 vaSayana sevate bhaye, tRSNA te na bujhAya, jyoM jalakhArA pIvateM, bADhe tRNAdhikAya / " 47 kanakakIrti ne bhI karma ghaTAvalI meM aSTakarmo ke prabhAva ko spaSTa kiyA hai|" isa prabhAva ko sAdhaka aura gairAI se socatA hai ki vaha kisa prakAra usakI AtmA ke mUla guNoM kA hanana karatA hai| bhUdharadAsa 'dekhyA bIja jahAna ke svapne kA ajeba tamAzA re / eko ke ghara maMgala gAvai pUrI mana kI AzA / eka viyoga mare bahu rovai bhari bhari naina nirAsA" kahakara karma ke svabhAva ko abhivyakta karate haiM / 4. mithyAtva mithyAtva kA tAtparya hai ajJAna aura ajJAna kA tAtparya hai dharma vizeSa ke siddhAntoM para vizvAsa nahIM krnaa| mithyAtva, ajJAna, avidyA, mithyAjJAna, mithyAdRSTi, Adi zabda samAnArthaka haiN| pratyeka dharma aura darzana ne ina zabdoM kA prayoga lagabhaga samAna arthoM meM kiyA hai| unake vizleSaNa kI prakriyA bhale hI pRthak rahI ho| isalie hara samudAya ke sAhitya meM isake bheda - prabheda apane-apane DhaMga se kiye gaye haiN| " 49

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221 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva jaina-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM mithyAtva usa dRSTi ko kahA gayA hai jisameM vizuddhatA na ho, para padArtho meM Asakti ho, ekAntavAdI kA pakSapAtI ho, bhedavijJAna jAgrata na huA ho, karma ke jhakauroM se saMsAra meM vaisA hI DolatA ho jaise bagharUr3e meM par3A pattA, krodhAdi kaSAyoM se grasita ho aura kSaNa bhara meM sukhI aura kSaNa bhara meM duHkhI bana jAtA ho| mAyA, mithyA aura zoka ina tInoM ko zalya kahA gayA hai| vAdIgaNa inhI meM ulajhe rahate haiN| vyakti inake rahate vizuddhAvasthA ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| jisa prakAra lAla raMga ke kAraNa se dUsarA paTa bhI lAla dikhAI detA hai athavA rudhirAdi se sApha karane para kapar3A sapheda nahIM raha sktaa| usI prakAra mithyAtva se AvRta rahanepara samyak jJAnAdika guNoM kI prApti nahIM kI jA sktii|" pudgala athavA padArtho se moha rakhanA tathA pudgala aura AtmA ko eka rUpa mAnanA yahI mithyAbhrama hai / AtmA jaba pudgala kI dazA ko mAnane lagatA hai tabhI usameM karma aura vibhAva utpanna honA prArambha ho jAte haiN| parigrahAdika bar3ha jAte haiN| madirApana kiye bandara ko yadi bicchU kATa jAya to jisa prakAra vaha utpAda karatA hai usI prakAra mithyAjJAnI bhI AtmajJAnI na hone ke kAraNa bhaTakatA rahatA hai| __karma rUpI roga kI do prakRtiyA~ hotI haiN| eka kampana aura dUsarI aiNtthnaa| zAstrIya paribhASA meM ina donoM ko kramazaH pApa aura puNya kahA gayA hai| vizuddhAtmA ina donoM se zUnya rahatA hai| pApa ke samAna puNya ko bhI jaina darzana meM duHkha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai kyoMki vaha bhI eka prakAra kA rAga hai aura rAga mukti kA kAraNa ho nahIM sktaa| yaha avazya hai ki dAnapUjAdika zubha bhAva haiM jo zuddhopayoga ko prApta karAne meM sahayogI hote haiN| isalie banArasIdAsa ne puNya ko bhI 'roga' rUpa mAna liyA hai| pApa se tApAdika roga, cintA, duHkha

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222 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA Adi utpanna hote haiM aura puNya se saMsAra bar3hAne vAle viSayabhogoM kI vRddhi, Artta-raudrAdi dhyAna utpanna hote haiN| mithyAtvI ina donoM ko samAna mAnatA hai, kampana roga se bhaya karatA hai aura aiMThana se priiti| eka meM udvega hotA hai aura dUsare meM upshaanti| eka meM kacchapa jaisA saMkoca, turaga jaisI vakracAla aura andhakAra jaisA samagra rahatA hai aura dUsare meM vakarakUda-sI umaMga, jakarabanda jaisI cAla tathA makaracAMdanI jaisA prakAza hotA hai| tama aura udyota ye donoM pudgala kI paryAya haiM chara mithyAjJAna vaza unameM bhedavijJAna paidA nahIM hotA isalie saMsAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| donoM dazAyeM vinaSTa hone vAlI haiN| koI parvata se girakara maratA hai to koI kUpa se| maraNa donoM kA eka hai, rUpa vividha bhale hI ho| donoM ke mAtA-pitA kramazaH vedanIya aura mohanIya haiN| unhIM se ve bandhe hue haiN| zrRMkhalA eka hI hai cAhe vaha lohe kI ho athavA svarNa kI ho| jisakI citta dazA jaisI hogI usakI dRSTi vaisI hI hogii| isalie jJAnI saMsAra cakra ko samApta kara detA hai para mithyAtvI use aura bhI bar3hA letA hai|52 ___ nATaka samayasAra banArasIdAsa kI zreSThatama racanA hai| isameM kavi AtmakhyAti TIkA ke kalazoM se dRSTAntoM, upamAoM aura rUpakoM dvArA apane kalazoM ko aisA saMjoyA hai ki unase rasAnubhUti hue binA nahIM rhtii| usameM sapta tattva abhinetA haiM, jIva nAyaka hai aura ajIva pratinAyaka hai| AtmA ke svabhAva aura vibhAva ko nATaka ke DhaMga para pradarzita karane ke kAraNa ise nATaka kahA gayA hai| isI taraha banArasIdAsa kA hI banArasI vilAsa bhI uttama racanAoM kA saMgraha hai (la. saM. 1700) / AtmA kisa prakAra mithyAtva ke parde se DhakI hai, isakA rUpaka ke mAdhyama se varNana karatA huA kavi likhatA hai - jaise koU pAtura banAya vastra Abharana, Avali akhAre nisi AThau paTa karikai,

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223 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva duhU~ aura dIvaTi saMvAri paTa dUri kIjai, sakala sabhA ke loga dekheM dRSTi dhari kai| taise jJAnasAgara mithyAti graMthi meTi kari, umagyo pragaTa rahyau tihU~loka bhrikai| aiso upadeza suni cAhiye jagata jIta; suddhatA saMbhAre jaMjAla sau nisari ke| puNya-pApa donoM saMsAra bhramaNa ke bIja hai| inhIM ke kAraNa indriyoM ko sukha-duHkha milatA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isalie ina donoM ko tyAgane kA upadeza diyA hai| ajarAmara pada prApti ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai| banArasIdAsa ne ise nATaka samayasAra ke puNyapApa ekatvadvAra meM isa tattva para vizada prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne kahA hai - jaise kisI cAMDAlanI ke do putra hue, unameM se usane eka putra brAhmaNa ko diyA aura eka apane ghara meM rkhaa| jo brAhmaNa ko diyA vaha brAhmaNa kahalAyA aura madya-mAMsa bhakSaNa kA tyAgI huaa| jo ghara meM rahA vaha cANDAla kahalAyA tathA madya-mAMsabhakSI huaa| usI prakAra eka vedanIya karma ke pApa aura puNya bhinna-bhinna nAma vAle do putra haiM, ve donoM saMsAra meM bhaTakAte haiN| aura donoM baMdhaparamparA ko bar3hAte haiN| isase jJAnI loga donoM kI hI abhilASA nahIM krte| jaise kAhU caMDAlI jugala putra jane tini, bAMmana kahAyI tini madya mAMsa tyAga kInau, cAMDAla kahAyo tini madya-mA~sa cAkhyau kai|| taise eka vedanI karama ke jugala putra, eka pApa eka punna nAma bhinna bhAkhyau kai| dUhaM mohi daura dhUpa doU karmabandharUpa, yAteM gyAnavaMta nahi kou abhilAkhyau kai||55 banArasIdAsa ne nATaka samaya-sAra meM eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se

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224 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mithyAtva ko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| zarIrarUpI mahala meM karmarUpI bhArI palaMga hai, mAyA kI zayyA sajI huI hai, saMkalpa vikalpa kI cAdara tanI huI hai| cetanA apane svarUpa ko bhUlA huA nidrA kI goda meM par3A huA hai, moha ke jhakoroM se netroM ke palaka DhaMka rahe haiM, karmodaya se tIvra ghurakane kI AvAja ho rahI hai, viSaya sukha kI kheja meM bhaTakatA svapna hai, aisI ajJAnAvasthA meM AtmA sadA magna hokara mithyAtva meM bhaTakatA phiratA hai, parantu apane AtmasvarUpa ko nahIM dekhatA - kAyA citrasArI meM karama parajaMka bhArI, mAyA kI saMvArI seja cAdari kalpanA / saina karai cetana acetanA nIMda liye, moha kI maroTa yahai locana ko DhapanA / / udai bala jaura yahai zvAsako sabada ghora, viSai-sukha kAraja kI daura yahai apanA / aisI mUDha dasA maiM magana rahai tihukAla, ghAvai bhrama jAla maiM na pAvai rUpa apanA / / mithyAjJAnI tattva ko samajha nahIM paataa| usakA jJAna vaisA hI dabA rahatA hai jaisA meghaghaTA meM cndr| vaha sadguru kA upadeza nahIM sunatA, tInoM avasthAo meM nirdvanda hokara ghUmatA rahatA hai| maNi aura kAMca meM use koI antara nahIM dikhatA / satya aura asatya kA use koI bhedajJAna bhI nahIM hai / tathya to yaha hai ki maNi kI parakha jauharI hI kara sakatA hai| satya kA jJAna jJAnI ko hI ho sakatA hai| kalAkAra banArasIdAsa ne isI bAta ko kitane mArmika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai / rUpa kI na jhAMka hiye karama ko DAMka piye, jJAna dabi rahayo miragAMka jaise dhana meN| locana kI DhAMka so na mAneM sadguru hAMka, Dole mUda raMga so nizaMka nihUMpana meM / / "

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 225 mithyAtva ke udaya se viSaya bhogoM kI aura mana dauDatA hai| ve suhAvane lagate haiN| rAga ke binA bhoga kAle nAma ke samAna pratIta hote haiN| rAga se hI samUce zarIra kA saMvardhana hotA hai aura samUce mithyA saMsAra ko samyak mAnane lagatA hai| isalie kavivara bhUdharadAsa ne rAgI aura virAgI ke bIca antara spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki yaha antara vaise hI hai jaise baigana kisI ko pathya hotA hai aura kisI ko vAyuvardhaka hotA hai| mithyAjJAnI svayaM ko catura aura dUsare ko mUDha mAnatA hai| sAMyakAla ko prAtaHkAla mAnatA hai, zarIra ko hI saca kucha mAnakara andhere meM banA rahatA hai| kavivara bhAvuka hokara isIlie kaha uThate haiM ki re ajJAnI, pApa dhatUrA mata bo / usake phala mRtyuvAhaka hoNge| kiMcit bhautika sukha prApti kI lAlasA meM tU apanA yaha narajanma kyoM vyartha khotA hai ? isa samaya to dharma kalpavRkSa kA siMcana karanA caahie| yadi tuma viSa bote ho to tumase abhAgA aura kauna ho sakatA hai ? saMsAra meM sabase adhika duHkhadAyaka phala isI vRkSa ke hote haiM, ataH bhoMdu mata bn| ajJAnI pApa dhatUrA na boy| phala cAkhana kI vAra bhare draga, marahai mUrakha roy|| vakhtarAma kA cetana bhI aisA hI bhoMdu bana gyaa| vaha saba kucha bhUlakara mithyA saMsAra ko yayArtha mAnakara baiTha gyaa| dharma kyA hai, yaha mithyAjJAnI samajha nahIM paataa| aharniza viSaya bhogoM meM ramatA hai aura usI ko sukRta mAnatA hai| deva, kudeva, dharma, kusAdhu Adi meM use koI antara nahIM dikhAI detA / moha kI nidrA meM vaha anAdikAla se so rahA hai| rAga dveSa ke sAtha mithyAtva ke raMga meM raca gayA hai, viSayavAsanA meM phaMsa gayA hai|" cetana karma caritra meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isakI baDI sundara mImAMsA kI hai| mithyAtva vidhvaMsana caturdazI meM unhoMne mithyAtva ko spaSTa kiyA hai / mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI anAdikAla se

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226 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA yaha azuddhatA banI huI hai| mokSapatha rukA huA hai, saMkaTa sahe gaye haiN| phira bhI cetana usase mukta nahIM ho rahA / moha ke dUra hone se rAga-dveSa dUra hoMge, karma kI upAdhi naSTa hogI aura cidAnanda apane zuddha rUpa ko prApta kara skegaa| anyathA mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI vaha caturgati meM bhramaNa karatA rahegA / jaba taka bhrama hai taba taka karmo se mukti nahIM mila sakatI aura na hI samyagjJAna ho samyagjJAna ho sakatA hai| para mithyAjJAna ke kAraNa svaparaviveka jAgrata nahIM ho paataa| pUrvAvasthA meM to viSaya bhogoM meM ramaNa karatA hai para jaba vRddhAvasthA AtI hai to rudana karatA hai to rudana karatA hai| krodhAdika kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara nigoda kA bandha karatA hai| sAre jIvana bhara gAMTha kI kamAI khAtA hai, eka kauDI kI bhI kamAI nahIM krtaa| isase adhika mUDha aura kauna ho sakatA hai ?"vaha cetana acetana kI hiMsA karatA rahA, bhakSya abhakSya khAtA rahA, satya ko asatya aura asatya ko satya mAnatA rahA, vastu ke svabhAva ko nahIM pahacAnA, mAtra bAhya kriyAkANDa ko dharma mAnatA rahA tathA kuguru, kudeva aura kudharma kA sevana karatA rhaa| moha ke bhrama se rAga-dveSa meM DUbA rhaa|"moh ke pariNAma svarUpa jIva meM rAga-dveSa utpanna hotA hai| rAga-dveSa usakA mUla svabhAva nhiiN| rAgAdika ke raMga se sphaTika maNi jaisA vizuddha cetana bhI raMgIlA dikhAI dene lagatA hai| yaha raMgIlA bhAva mithyAtva hai| mithyAtva se hI vaha kAyA mAyA ko sthira mAnakara usameM Asakta rahatA hai / " lobhI banakara icchAoM kI dAvAnala meM jhulasatA rahatA hai / jIva aura pudgala ke bheda ko na samajhakara ajJAnI banA rahatA hai| kavivara dyAnatarAya mithyAjJAnI kI sthiti dekhakara pUcha uThate haiM ki he Atman, yaha mithyAtva tumane kahAM se prApta kiyA ? sArA saMsAra svArtha kI ora nihAratA hai para tumheM apanA svArtha svakalyANa nahIM

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva rucA / isa apavitra, acetana dehe meM tuma kaise mohAsakta ho gaye ? apanA parama atIndriya zAzvata sukha chor3akara indriyoM kI viSaya-vAsanA meM tanmaya ho rahe ho| tumhArA caitanya nAma jar3a kyoM ho gayA aura tumane apanA ananta jJAnAdika guNoM se yukta apanA nAma kyoM bhulA diyA ? triloka kA svatantra rAjya chor3akara isa paratantra ko svIkArate hue tumheM lajjA nahIM aatii| mithyAtva ko dUra karane ke bAda hI tuma karmamala se mukta ho sakoge aura paramAtmA kahalA skoge| tabhI tuma ananta sukha ko prApta kara mukti prApta kara sakoge / 227 "jIva ! tU mUDhapanA kita pAyo / saba jaga svAratha ko cAhata hai, svAratha tohi na bhAyo / azuci aceta duSTa tana mAMhI, kahA jAna viramAyo / parama atindrI nija sukha hari kai, viSaya-roga lapaTAyo / / cetana nAma bhayo jar3a kAhe, apanI nAma gamAyo / tIna loka ko rAja chAMr3ikai, bhIkha mAMga na lajAyao / / mUDhapanA mithyA jaba chUTe, taba tU santa kahAyo / 'dyAnata' sukha ananta ziva vilaso, yoM sadguru batalAyo / / 71 daulatarAma isa mithyA bhrama - nindA ko dekhakara atyanta duHkhI hue aura kaha uThe - renara, isa duHkhadAI bhrama nidrA ko chor3ate kyoM nahIM ho ? cirakAla se usI meM par3e hue ho, para yaha nahIM socate ki isameM tumhArA kyA kitanA ghATA huA hai ? mUrkha vyakti pApa-puNya kAryo meM koI bheda nahIM karatA aura na usakA marma hI samajhatA hai| jaba duHkhoM kI jvAlA meM jhulasane lagatA hai taba use kaSTa hotA hai / itane para bhI nidrA bhaMga nahIM hotii| kavi punaH anya prakAra se kahatA hai ki tumhAre sira para yamarAja ke bhayaMkara bAje baja rahe haiM, aneka vyakti pratidina prANa tyAgate hai| kyA tumheM yaha samAcAra sunAI nahIM diyA ? tumane apanA rUpa

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228 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA to bhulA diyA aura para rUpa ko svIkAra kara liyaa| itanA hI nahIM, tumane indriya viSayoM kA IMdhana jalAkara icchAoM ko bar3hA diyaa| aba to eka yahI mArga hai ki tuma rAga-dveSa ko chor3akara mokSa ke rAste ko pakar3a lo : he nara, bhrama- nIMda kyoM na chAMr3ata duHkhdaaii| sovata cirakAla soMja ApanI ThagAI / mUrakha adhakarma kahA, bheda nahiM marma lahA / lAgai duHkha jvAlA kI na deha kai tatAI / / jama ke rava bAjate, sumairava ati gAjate / aneka prAna tyAgate, sunai kahA na bhAI / / 72 jaina rahasyavAda meM mithyAtva ke tIna bheda hote haiM - mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra / ye tInoM bheda gRhIta aura agRhIta rUpa hote haiN| gRhIta kA artha hai bAhyakAraNoM se grahaNa karanA aura agRhIta kA tAtparya hai nisargaja, anAdikAla se honaa| inhIM ke kAraNa saMsArI bhava-bhramaNa karatA rahatA haiM jIvAdi sapta tattvoM ke svarUpa para yathArtha rUpa se zraddhA na karanA agRhIta mithyAdarzana hai aura usase utpanna hone vAlA jJAna agRhIta mithyAjJAna hai| paMcendriyoM ke viSaya bhogoM kA sevana karanA agRhIta mithyAcAritra hai| inake kAraNa jIva apane Apako sukhI - duHkhI, dhanI, nirdhanI, sabala, nirbala Adi rUpa se mAnatA hai, zarIra ke utpanna hone para apanI utpatti aura zarIra ke naSTa hone para apanA nAza samajhatA hai, rAgadveSAdi kAraNoM se juTAtA hai aura Atmazakti ko khokara icchAoM kA ambAra lagAtA hai| gRhIta mithyAdarzana jIva kuguru, kudeva aura kudharma kA sevana karatA hai| kuguru kA tAtparya hai vaha vyakti jo mithyAtvAdi antaraMga parigraha aura pItavastrAdi bAhya parigraha ko dhAraNa karatA ho, apane ko muni mAnatA ho, manAtA ho /

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 229 rAga-dveSAdi yukta deva kudeva haiM aura hiMsAdi kA upadeza dene vAlA dharma kudharma hai| inakA sevana karane vAlA vyakti saMsAra meM svayaM DUbatA hai aura dUsare ko bhI DubAtA hai / ve ekAntavAda kA kathana karate haiM tathA bhedavijJAna na hone se kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara zarIra ko kSINa karane vAlI aneka prakAra kI haThayogAdika kriyAyeM karate haiN| - 73 mithyAdRSTi jIva paMcendriyoM ke viSaya sukha meM nijasukha bhUla jAtA hai| jaise kalpavRkSa ko jar3a se ukhAr3akara dhatUre ko ropa diyA jAya, gajarAja ko becakara gadhe ko kharIda liyA jAya, cintAmaNi ratna ko pheMkakara kAMca grahaNa kiyA jAya, vaise hI dharma ko bhUlakara viSayavAsanA ko sukha mAnA jAya to isase adhika mUrkhatA aura kyA ho sakatI hai ?" ye indriyAM jIva ko kupatha meM le jAne vAlI haiM, turaga-sI vakragati vAlI haiM, vivekahAriNI uraga jaisI bhayaMkara, puNya rUpa vRkSa ko kuThAra, kugatipradAyanI vibhavavinAzinI, anItikAriNI aura durAcAravardhiNI haiM viSayAbhilASI jIva kI pravRtti kaisI hotI hai, isakA udAharaNa dekhiye : dharmatarubhaMjana kau mahAmatta kuMjara se, ApadA bhaNDAra ke bharana ko karorI hai / satyazIla rokave ko paur3ha paradAra jese, durgati ke mAraga calAyave kau ghorI hai / kumarI ke adhikArI kunaipaMtha ke vihArI, bhadrabhAva IMdhana jarAyave kau horI hai / mRSA ke sahAI durabhAvanA ke bhAI aise, viSayAbhilASI jIva agha ke ajJorI hai / / " bhaiyA bhagavatI cetana ko udbodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki tuma

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230 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA una dinoM ko bhUla gaye jaba mAtA ke udara meM nava mAha taka ulTe laTake rahe, Aja yauvana ke rasa meM unmatta ho gaye ho| dina bIteMge, yauvana bItegA, vRddhAvasthA AyegI, aura yama ke cinha dekhakara tuma duHkhI hoge|" are cetana, tumana AtmasvabhAva ko bhUlakara indriya sukha meM magna ho gaye, krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara dara-dara bhaTaka gaye, kabhI tumane bhAminI ke sAtha kAma krIr3A kI, kabhI lakSmI ko saba kucha mAnakara anItipUrvaka dravyArjana kiyA aura kabhI balI banakara nirbaloM ko pratAr3ita kiyaa| aSTa madoM se tuma khUba khele aura dhana-dhAnya, putrAdi icchAoM kI pUrti meM lage rhe| para ye saba sukha mAtra sukhAbhAsa haiM, kSaNika haiM, tumhArA sAtha dene vAle nhiiN| nArI viSa kI vela hai, duHkhadAI hai| inakA saMga chor3a denA hI zreyaskara hai| 5. kaSAya isI prakAra dhana-sampatti bhI jIva ko durgati meM le jAne vAlI hai| vaha capalA-sI caMcala hai, dAvAnala-sI tRSNA ko bar3hAne vAlI hai, kulaTA-sI DolatI hai, bandhu virodhinI, chalakAriNI aura kaSAyavardhiNI hai| krodhAdika kaSAya bhI isI taraha cetana ko durgati meM le jAne vAle hote haiN| krodha, bhrama, bhaya, cintA Adi ko bar3hAne vAlA, sarpa ke samAna bhayaMkara, viSavRkSa ke samAna jIvana haraNa karane vAlA, kalahakArI, yazahArI aura dharma mArga vidhvaMsaka hai| mAyA kumati-guphA hai, jahA~ vadha-buddhi kI dhUmarekhA aura kopa kA dAvAnala uThatA rahatA hai| mAnI madAMdha gaja ke samAna rahatA hai| isalie bhavagatIdAsa ne 'chAMDi de abhiyAna jiyare chAMDi de abhimaan|' tUM kisakA hai aura terA kauna hai ? sabhI isa jagata meM mehamAna bana kara Aye haiM, koI vastu sthira nhiiN| kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kSaNa bhara

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 231 meM tuma kahA~ phuNcoge| bar3e-bar3e bhUpa Aye aura gaye taba tUM kyoM garva karatA hai ? mAyA cetana ke zubha bhAvoM ko pracchanna kara detI hai| vaha kuzalajanoM ke lie bAMjha aura satyahAriNI hai| moha kA kuMjara usameM nivAsa karatA hai, vaha apayaza kI khAna, pApa-santApadAyinI, avizvAsa aura vilApa kI gRhiNI hai| banArasIdAsa ne mAyA aura chAyA ko eka mAnA hai kyoMki ye donoM kSaNa-kSaNa meM ghaTatI-bar3hatI rahatI haiN| unhoMne mAyA kA bojha rakhane vAle kI apekSA khara athavArIcha ko adhika acchA maanaa| bhUdharadAsa ne use ThaganI kahA hai - suni ThaganI mAyA, tai saba jaga iga khAyA / Tuka vizvAsa kiyA jina terA so mUrakha pachatAyA ||suni|| AbhA tanaka dikhAya vijnu jyoM mUr3hamatI lalacAyA / kari mada aMdha dharmahara lInoM, anta naraka pahuMcAyA ||suni||24|| Anandaghana bhImAyA ko mahAThaganI mAnate haiM aura usase vilaga rahane kA upadeza dete haiM - avadhU aisA jJAna vicArI, vAmeM koNa puruSa koNa naarii| bammana ke ghara nhAsI dhotI, jogI ke ghara celii|| kalamA par3ha bhaI re turakar3I, to Apa hI Apa akelii| sasuro hamAro vAlo bholo, sAsU bolA kuNvaarii|| piyu jo hamArI phodai pAraNiye, to maiM hUM jhulaavnhaarii| nahIM hU~ paraNI, nahIM hU~ ku~vArI, putra jaNAvana haarii|| lobha meM bhI sukha kA leza nahIM rhtaa| lobhI kA mana sadaiva malIna rahatA hai| vaha jJAna-ravi rokane ke lie dharAdhara, sukRti

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232 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA rUpasamudra ko sokhane ke lie kumbha nada, kopAdi ko utpanna karane ke lie araNi, moTa ke lie viSavRkSa, mahAdRr3hakaccha, viveka ke lie rAhu aura kalaha ke lie kelimauna hai|"bnaarsiidaas ne sabhI pApoM kA mUla lobha ko, duHkha kA mUla sreha ko aura vyAdhi kA mUla ajIrNa ko batAyA hai| budhajana kA mana lobha ke kAraNa kabhI tRpta hI nahIM ho paataa| jitanA bhoga milatA hai utanI hI usakI tRSNA bar3hatI jAtI hai|" isalie kabhI use sukha bhI nahIM miltaa|" lobha kI pravRtti AzAjanya hotI hai bhUdharadAsa ne AzA ko nadI mAnakara usakA sundara varNana kiyA hai| AzArUpa nadI moha rUpI U~ce parvata se nikalakara, sAre bhUtala para phaila jAtI hai| usameM vividha manoratha kA jala, tRSNA kI taraMge, bhrama kA bhaMvara, rAga kA magara, cintA kA taTa hai jo dharma-vRkSa ko DhahAte cale jAte haiM - moha se mahAna U~ce parvata sau Dhara AI, tihU~jaga bhUtala meM yA hI visatarI hai / vividha manoratha maiM bhUri jalabharI bahai, misanA taraMgani sau AkulatA dharI hai / / parai bhrama bhauMra jahA~ rAgaso magara tahA~, cintA taTatuMga dharmavRcchaDhAya DharI hai / aisI yaha AzA nAma nadI hai agAdha tAko, dhanyasAdhu dhIraja jahAja caDhi tarI hai / lobha se munigaNa bhI prabhavita hue binA nahIM rahate, usakA lobha ziva-ramaNI se ramaNa karane kA banA rahatA hai| aisA lobhI vyakti naga cintAmaNI ko chor3akara patthara ko baToratA, sundara vastra chor3akara cithar3e ikaTThe karatA tathA kAmadhenu ko chor3akara bakarI grahaNa karatA hai|

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva naga cintAmaNi DArike patthara jou, grahaiM nara mUracA soI / sundara pATa paTambara ambara chorikaiM oMDhaNaleta hai uoI / / kAmadUdhA dharateM jUM viDAra kai cheri gardai matimaMda ji koI / dharma ko chora adharmma ko jasarAja uNeM nija buddhi vigoI / / 2 / / * 93 233 saMsArI jIva ina krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara sAdhanA ke vimala patha para lIna nahIM ho pAtA / kodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhAdi vikAroM se grasta hokara vaha saMsaraNa ko aura bhI Age bar3hA letA hai / use zAzvat sukha kI prApti meM sarvAdhika bAdhaka tattva ye kaSAya haiM jo AtmA ko saMsAra-sAgara meM bhaTakAte rahate haiM / 6. moha aSTa karmoM meM prabalatama karma hai mohanIya, usI ke kAraNa jIva saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| dhana kI tRSA- tupti aura vanitA kI prIti meM vaha dharma se vimukha ho jAtA hai| apane indriya sukha ke lie sabhI taraha ke acche-bure sAdhana apanAtA hai| aise vyakti kI moha - nidrA itanI tIvra hotI hai ki jagAne para bhI vaha jAgatA nahIM / " vaha to para padArtho meM Asakta rahatA hai / use sva-para viveka nahIM rhtaa| mithyAtvavaza merAmerA hI raTa lagAtA rahatA hai|" yaha moha caturgati ke duHkhoM kA kAraNa hotA hai|" jIva parakIya vastu para mugdha hokara svakIya vastu ko chor3a baiThatA hai|" moha kA prabala pratApa itanA teja rahatA hai ki jIva usase sadaiva saMtapta banA rahatA hai| sura nara indra sabhI mohIjana astra ke binA bhI astravAna haiM hari, hara, brahmA Adika mahApuruSoM ne use choDa diyA para jinhoMne nahIM choDA ve jIvana bhI vilApa karate rahate haiN| isalie paM. rUpacandra bhAvavibhora hokara bar3e Agraha se jIva ko salAha dete haiM ki isa moha ko chodd'o| isa pApa se duHkhI kyoM bane ho / ' 98

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234 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jisa prakAra pavana ke jhakoroM se jala meM taraMgeM uThatI haiM vaise hI parigraha aura moha ke kAraNa mana caMcala ho uThatA hai| jaise koI sarpa kA DaMsA vyakti apanI ruci se nIma khAtA hai vese hI yaha saMsAra prANI mamatA-moha ke vazIbhUta hokara indriyoM ke viSaya sukha meM lagA hai| ananatakAla se isI mahAmoha kI nIMda ke kAraNa cartugati meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai|" moha ke kAraNa hI vyakti eka vastu ke aneka nAma nirdhArita kara letA hai| unake anekatva ko ekatva meM dekhatA hai| kalpita nAma ko bhI mohavaza tInoM avasthAoM meM ekasA aura yathArtha mAnatA hai| para yaha bhrama hai| usa bhrama para hI vicAra kyoM nahIM kara letA ? yadi usa para vicAra kara le to isa saMsAra se pAra ho jaayegaa| moha se vikala hone para jIva cetana ko bhUla jAtA hai aura deha meM rAga karane lagatA hai| sArA parivAra svArtha se prerita hotA hai| janma aura maraNa karane vAlA prANI svayaM akelA rahatA hai para vaha sAre sasAra kA moha baTore calatA hai| vaha socatA hai, yadi vibhUti hotI to dAna detaa| aura bhI usake mana meM prapaMca Ate haiM jinake kAraNa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| vaha bandha kA kAraNa juTAtA hai, para mokSa prApti kA upAya nahIM jaantaa| yadi jAna jAtA to bhava-bhramaNa sahaja hI dUra ho jaataa| jIva ke lie usakA moha sarvAdhika mahAduHkhadAI hotA hai| anAdikAla se AtmA kI ananta zakti ko usane chipA diyA thaa| krama-krama se usane narabhava prApta kiyA, phira bhI moha ko nahIM chodd'aa| jisa parivAra ko apanA mAnakara pAlA-posA, vaha bhI chor3akara calA gayA, janma-maraNa ke duHkha bhI paaye| isakA mUla kAraNa moha hai jisakA tyAga kiye binA paramapada prApta nahIM ho sktaa| mohI AtmA ko paradezI mAnakara kavi kaha uThA- isa paradezI kA kyA vishvaas| yaha na

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235 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva subaha ginatA hai, na zAma, kahIM bhI cala detA hai, sabhI kuTumbiyoM ko aura zarIra ko chor3akara dUra deza calA jAtA hai, koI usakI rakSA karane vAlA nahIM saca to yaha hai, kisI se kitanI bhI prIti karo, yaha nizcita hai ki vaha eka dina pRthak ho jaayegaa| isane dhana se prIti kI aura dharma ko bhUla gyaa| moha ke kAraNa anantakAla taka ghUmatA rhaa| 03 rAga-dveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, viSayavAsanA Adi vikAroM meM magna rhaa| usane kAraNa duHkhoM ko bhI bhogatA rahA para kabhI sukha nahIM paayaa| isalie bhagavatIdAsa bar3e duHkhI hokara kahate haiM - "cetana pare moha vaza aay|' yaha cetana moha ke vaza hokara viSaya bhogoM meM rama jAtA hai| vaha kabhI dharma ke viSaya meM socatA nhiiN| samudra meM cintAmaNiratna pheMkakara jaise mUrkha pazcAttApa karatA hai vaise hI yaha mohI narabhava pAkara bhI dharma na karane para phira anta meM pazcAttApa kregaa|05 moha ke bhrama se hI adhikAMza karma kiye jAte haiN| moha ko cetana aura acetana meM koI bheda nahIM dikhAI detaa| moha ke vaza kisane kyA kiyA hai, ise purANa kathAoM kA AdhAra lekara bhavagatIdAsa ne sUcita kiyA hai| una kathAoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki moha kI pariNati do haiM - rAga aura dveSa / ina donoM ke kAraNa jIva mithyAbhrama meM par3a jAtA hai| yaha jIva ghinaune zarIra meM lIna rahatA, nArI ke cAma se maNDita deha para AkarSita hotA, lakSmI ke kAraNa bar3e-bar3e mahArAjA apanA pada chor3akara prajA ke samAna lobha kI pUrti ke lie DolatA hai| bhagavatIdAsa ko una sAMsAriyoM para bar3I haMsI AtI hai jo isa choTI-sI Ayu meM karor3oM upAya karate haiN| re muuddh'| jise tUne ghara kahA hai vahAM Dara to aneka haiM para una sabhI ko bhUlakara viSaya-vAsanA meM phaMsa gayA hai / jala, coTa, udara, roga, zoka, lokalAja, rAja Adi aneka DaroM se to tUM

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236 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA DaratA hai para yamarAja ko nahIM DaratA / tU moha meM itanA adhika ulajha gayA hai ki terI mati aura gati donoM bigar3a gaI hai| tUM apane hAtha apane hI pairoM para kulhAr3I mAra rahA hai|" svapna battIsI kavi ne moha-nidrA kA atyanta spaSTa citraNa kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki usake tyAge binA avinAzI sukha nahIM mila sktaa|" mere moha ne merA saba kucha bigAr3a kara rakhA hai| karmarUpa girikandarA meM usakA nivAsa rahatA hai| usameM chipe hue hI vaha aneka pApa karatA hai para kisI ko dikhAI nahIM detA / indriya vAnA meM paradhana ke apaharaNa kA bhAva dikhAI detA hai| bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha kavi kahatA hai ina sabhI vikAroM ko dUra karane kA eka mAtra upAya jinavANI hai - 110 moha mere sAre ne vigAre AnajIva saba, jagata ke bAsI taise bAsI kara rAkhe hai / karmagirikaMdarA meM basata chipAye Apa, karata aneka pApa Ata kese bhAkhe hai / / viSaivana aura tAme cora ko nivAsa sadA, paragha na harave ke bhAva abhilAkhe hai / tApai jinarAja juke baina phaujadAra car3he, Ana Ana mile tinhe mokSa veza dAkhe hai / 111 daulatarAma kA jIva to anAdikAla se hI zivapatha ko bhUlA hai| vaha moha ke kAraNa kabhI indriya sukhoM meM ramatA hai to abhI mithyAjJAna ke cakkara meM par3A rahatA hai / " jaba avidyA - mithyAtva kA pardA khulatA hai to vaha kaha uThatA hai, re cetana, mohavazAt tUne vyartha meM isa zarIra se anurAga kiyaa| isI ke kAraNa anAdikAla se tUM karmoM se

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 237 112 baMdhA huA hai / yaha jar3a hai aura tU cetana, phira bhI yaha apanApana kaise ? ye viSayabhoga bhujaMga ke samAna haiM jisake Dasate hI jIva mRtyu- mukha meM calA jAtA hai| inake sevana karane se tRSNA rUpI pyAsa vaisI hI bar3hatI hai jaise kSAra jala pIne se bar3hatI hai| hai nara ! sayAne logoM kI zikSA ko svIkAra kyoM nahIM karate ? moha-mada pIkara tumane apanI sudha bhulA dii| kubodha ke kAraNa kuvratoM meM magna ho gaye, jJAna sudhA kA anubhava nahIM liyaa| para padArthoM se mamatva jor3A aura saMsAra kI asAratA ko parakhA nahIM / 113 viSaya sevana se utpanna tRSNA ke khAre jala ko pIne ke bAda usakI pyAsa bar3hatI hai, khAja khujAne ke samAna prArambha meM to acchI lagatI hai para bAda meM duHkhadAyI hotI haiN| vastutaH indriya bhoga viSaphala ke samAna hai / ' 114 budhajana ko to AtmaglAni-sI hotI hai ki isa AtmA ne svayaM ke svarUpa ko kyoM nahIM phicaanaa| mithyA moha ke kAraNa vaha abhI taka zarIra ko hI apanA mAnatA rhaa| dhatUrA khAne vAle kI taraha yaha AtmA ajJAnatA ke jAla meM phaMsa gayA hai| isalie kavi ko yaha cintA kA viSaya ho gayA ki vaha kisa prakAra zAzvat sukha ko prApta karegA / 15 moha se hI mithyAtva panapatA hai|"" isalie sAdhakoM aura AcAryoM ne isa moha ko vinaSTa karane kA upadeza diyA hai| jaba taka viveka jAgrata nahIM hotA, moha naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| yazapAla kA mohaparAjaya, vAdicanda sUri kA jJAnasUryodaya, haradeva kA mayaNaparAjaya-cariu, nAgadeva kA madanaparAjaya carita aura pAhala kA manakarahArAsa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / banArasIdAsa kA moha viveka yuddha -

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238 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA inhIM se prabhAvita hai| acalakIrti ko mAyA, mohAdi ke kAraNa saMsArasAgara kaise pAra kiyA jAya, yaha cintA ho gii| mana rUpI hAthI ATha madoM se unmatta ho gyaa| tInoM avasthAyeM vyartha gaMvA dI, aba to prabhu kI hI zaraNa hai| kAhA karuM kaise taruM bhavasAgara bhArI / / Teka / / macayAmoha magana bhayo mahA vikala vikArI || kahA0 // mana hastI mada ATha, sumana-sA maMjArI / cita cItA siMgha sAMpa jyuM atibala ahaMkArI / / 17 moha sAdhaka kA prabalatama zatru hai| sAdhanA ke bAdhaka tattvoM meM yadi use naSTa kara diyA jAya to cirantana sukha bhI upalabdha karane meM atyanta sahajatA ho jAtI hai| isalie sAdhakoM ne usake lie "mahAviSa" kI saMjJA dI hai| isa tathya ko sabhI sAdhanAoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| usakI hInAdhikatA aura vizleSaNa kI prakriyA meM antara avazya hai| 7. bAhyADambara jaina sAdhakoM ne dhArmika bAhyADambara ko rahasyasAdhanA meM bAdhaka mAnA hai| bAhya kriyAoM se Atmahita nahIM hotA isalie usakI gaNanA bandha paddhati meM kI gaI hai| bAhya kriyA moha-mahArAjA kA nivAsa hai, ajJAna bhAva rUpa rAkSasa kA nagara hai| karma aura zarIra Adi pudgaloM kI mUrti hai| sAkSAt mAyA se lipaTI mizrI bharI churI hai| usI ke jAla meM yaha cidAnanda AtmA phaMsatA jA rahA hai| usase jJAnasUrya kA prakAza chipa jAtA hai, ataH bAhya kriyA se jIva, dharma kA kartA hotA hai, nizcaya svarUpa se dekho to kriyA sadaiva duHkhadAyI hotI hai| isa sandarbha meM pItAmbara kA yaha kathana mananIya hai - "bheSadhAra kahai bhaiyA bheSa hI meM bhagavAna, bheSa meM na bhagavAna, bhagavAna na bhAva meM / 19 118 -

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rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva 239 banArasIdAsa ne bhI yahI kahA hai ki ambara ko mailA kara dene vAlA yoga-ADambara kiyA, aMga vibhUti lagAyI, mRgachAlA lI aura ghara parivAra ko chor3akara banavAsI ho gaye para svara kA viveka jAgrata nahIM huaa|120 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bAhyakriyAoM ko hI saba kucha mAnane vAloM se prazna kiye ki yadi mAtra jalasnAna se mukti milatI ho to jala meM rahane vAlI machalI sabase pahale mukta hotI, dugdhapAna se mukti hotI to bAlaka sarvaprathama mukta hogA, aMga meM vibhUti lagAne se mukti hotI hai to gadhoM ko bhI mukti milegI, mAtra rAma kahane se mukti ho to zuka bhI mukta hogA, dhyAna se mukti ho to basa mukta hogA, zira mur3Ane se mukti ho to bher3a bhI tira jAyegI, mAtra vastra chor3ane se mukta koI hotA ho to pazu mukta hoMge, AkAza gamana karane se mukti prApta ho to pakSiyoM ko bhI mokSa milegA, pavana ke khAne se yadi mokSa prApta hotA to vyAla bhI mukta ho jaayeNge| yaha saba saMsAra kI vicitra rIti hai / saca to yaha hai ki tattvajJAna ke binA mokSa prApta nahIM ho sktaa| mithyAbhrama se deha ke pavitra ho jAne se AtmA ko pavitra mAna lete haiM, kulAcAra ko hI jainadharma kaha dete haiM, puNya-pApa karma ke cakkara meM anAma ke sthAna para kaMdamUla khA lete hai, mUr3a ko mur3Akara, deha ko jalAkara hI dharma mAnate haiN| zAstra kA pravacana karate hue bhI zAstra ko nahIM smjhte| naradeha pAne se paMDita kahalAne se tIrtha sthAna karane se, dravyArjana karane se chatradhArI hone se, keza ke mur3Ane se aura bheSa ke dhAraNa karane se kyA tAtparya, yadi Atma prakAzAtmaka jJAna nahIM huaa|23 jJAnArjana kiye binA hI aneka prakAra ke sAdhu vividha sAdhanA karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| unameM kucha kanaphaTA, jaTAdhArI, bhasma lapeTe, ceriyoM se ghire dhUma-pAyI sAdhu haiM jo kAmavAsanA se pIr3ita aura viSayabhogoM meM lIna haiM -

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240 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA keU phirai kAnaphaTA, keU zIsa dharai jaTA, ke lie bhasmavaTA bhUle bhaTakata hai| keU taja jAMhi aTA, keU ghere cerI caTA, keU par3he paTa keU dhUma gaTakata hai|| keU tata kiye laTA, keU mahAdIseM kaTA, keU tarataTA keU rasA laTakata hai| bhrama bhAvateM na haTA hiye kAma nahIM ghaTA, viSai sukha raTA sAtha hAtha paTakata hai / / 10 / 0 kAna phaTAkara yogI bana jAte haiM, kaMdhe para jholI laTakA lete haiM, para tRSNA kA vinAza nahIM karate to aise DhoMgI yogI banane kA koI phala nhiiN| yati huA para indriyoM para vijaya nahIM pAyI, pAMcoM bhUtoM ko mArA nahIM, jIva ajIva ko samajhA nahIM, veSa lekara bhI parAjita huA, veda par3hakara brAhmaNa kahalAye para brahmadazA kA jJAna nhiiN| Atma tattva ko samajhA nahIM to usakA kyA tAtparya ? jaMgala jAne, bhasma car3hAne aura jaTA dhAraNa karane se koI artha nahIM, jaba taka para padArtho se AzA na tor3I jaay| pANDe hemarAja ne bhI isI taraha kahA ki zuddhAtmA kA anubhava kiye binA tIrtha snAna, zira muMDana, tapa-tApana Adi saba kucha vyartha hai - "zuddhAtama anubhI binA kyoM pAvai sivsset'|125 jinaharSa ne jJAna ke binA muNDana tapa Adi ko mAtra kaSTa uThAnA batAyA hai| una kriyAoM se mokSa ko koI sambandha nahIM - "kaSTa kare jasarAja bahuta pe gyAna binA ziva paMtha na paaveN|127 ziromaNidAsa ne "nahIM digambara nahIM vagata dhara, ye jatI nahIM bhava bhrameM apAra''128 kahakara aura paM. daulatarAma ne "mUMDa muMDAye kahAM tattva nahi pAvai jau lau likhakara, bhUdharadAsa ne "antara ujjavala karanA re bhAI' kahakara isI tathya ko

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241 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva udghATita kiyA hai aura zithilAcAra kI bhartsanA kI hai|329 kizanasiMha ne bAhyakriyAoM ko vyartha batAkara antaraMga zuddhi para yaha kahakara bala diyA - jina ApakU jIyA nahIM, tana mana kU SojyA nahIM / mana maila kuM dhoyA nahIM, aMgula kiyA to kyA huA / / lAlaca karai dila dAma kI, SAsati karai bAda kAma kii| hiradai nahIM suddha rAma kI, hari hari kahyA to kyA huA / / kUtA huA dhana mAladA, dhaMdha karai jaMjAladA / hiradA huA cyamAladA, kAsI gayA to kyA huA / / 130 bAhya kriyAoM ke karane se jIva rAgAdika vAsanAoM meM lipta rahatA hai aura apanA AtmakalyANa nahIM kara pAtA isalie aise bAhyADambaroM kA niSedha jaina sAdhakoM aura kaviyoM ne jainetara santoM ke samAna hI kiyA hai| daulatarAma ne deha Azrita bAhyakriyAoM ko mokSa prApti kI viphalatA kA kAraNa mAnA hai / isalie ve kahate haiM - ApA nahiM jAnA tUne kaisA jJAnadhArI re / dehAzrita kari kriyA Apako mAnata ziva-maga-cArI re| nija-nirveda vinaghora parIsaha, viphala kahI jina saariire|31 8. mana kI caMcalatA rahasyabhAvanA kI sAdhanA kA kendra mana hai| usakI gati cUMki tIvratama hotI hai isalie use vaza meM karanA sAdhaka ke lie atyAvazyaka ho jAtA hai / mana kA zaithilya sAdhanA ko DagamagAne meM paryApta hotA hai| zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki hara sAdhanA meM mana ko vaza meM karane kI bAta kahI hai / jaina yoga sAdhanA bhI isameM pIche nahIM rhii|

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242 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA saMsArI mana kA yaha kucha svabhAva sA hai ki jisa aura use jAne ke lie rokA jAtA hai usI aura vaha daur3atA hai| yaha manovaijJAnika tathya hai| paM. rUpacandra kA anubhava hai ki unakA mana sadaiva viparIta rIti calatA hai / jina sAMsArika padArtho se usane kaSTa pAyA hai unhIM meM prIti karatA hai| para padArtho meM Asakta hokara anaitika AcaraNa bhI karatA hai| kavi use vaza meM nahIM kara pAtA aura hArakara baiTha jAtA hai|32 kalAkAra banArasIdAsa ne mana ko jahAja kA rUpaka dekara usake svabhAva kI ora adhika spaSTa kara diyA hai| jisa prakAra kisI vyakti ko samudra pAra karane ke lie eka hI mArga rahatA hai jahAja, usI taraha bhaMva (samudra) se mukta hone ke lie samyagjJAnI ko mana rUpI jahAja kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| vaha mana-ghaTa meM svayaM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai, para ajJAnI use bAhara khojatA hai, yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai| karmarUpI samudra meM rAga-dveSAdi vibhAva kA jala hai, usameM viSaya kI taraMgeM uThatI rahatI haiM, tRSNA kI prabala bar3avAgni aura mamatA kA zabda phailA rahatA hai| bhramarUpI bhaMvara hai jisameM mana rUpI jahAja pavana ke jora se cAroM dizAoM meM cakkara lagAtA, giratA khiratA, DUbatA, utarAtA hai| jaba cetana rUpa svAmI jAgatA hai aura usakA pariNAma samajhatA hai to vaha samatA rUpa zrRMkhalA phaikatA hai / phalataH bhaMvara kA prakopa kama ho jAtA hai| karma samudra vibhAva jala, viSayakaSAya trNg| baDavAgni tRSNa prabala, matA dhuni srbNg||5|| bharama bhaMvara tAmeM phirai, manajahAja cahu~ aur| girai khirai bUDe tirai, udaya pavana ke jora / / 6 / /

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243 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva jaba cetana mAlima jagai, lakhai vipAka niim| DArai samatA zrRMkhalA, thakai bhramara kI dhUma / / 7 / / 133 banArasIdAsa kA mana idhara-udhara bahuta bhaTakatA rhaa| isalie ve kahate haiM ki re mana, sadA santoSa dhAraNa kiyA kr| saba duHkhAdika doSa usase naSTa ho jAte haiN| mana bhrama athavA duvidhA kA ghara hai| kavi ko isakI bar3I cintA hai ki isa mana kI yaha duvidhA kaba miTegI aura kaba vaha nijanAtha niraMjana kA smaraNa karegA, kaba vaha akSayapada kI ora lakSya banAyegA, kaba vaha tana kI mamatA chor3akara samatA grahaNa kara zubha dhyAna kI ora mur3egA, sadguru ke vacana usake ghaTa ke andara nirantara kaba raheMge, kaba paramArtha sukha ko prApta karegA, kaba dhana kI tRSNA dUra hogI, kaba ghara ko chor3akara ekAkI vanavAsI hogaa| apane mana kI aisI dazA prApta karane ke lie kavi Atura hotA huA dikhAI detA hai| 25 jagajIvana kA mana dharma ke marma ko nahIM pahacAna skaa| usake mana ne dUsaroM kI hiMsA kara dhana kA apaharaNa karatA cAhA, para strI se rati karanI cAhI, asatya bhASaNa kara burA karanA cAhA, parigraha kA bhAra lenA cAhA, tRSNA ke kAraNa saMkalpa vikalpamaya pariNAma kiye, raudrabhAva dhAraNa kiye, krodha, mAna, mAyA lobhAdika kaSAya aura aSTapada ke vazIbhUta hokara mithyAtva ko nahIM chor3A, pApamayI kriyAyeM kara sukha-sampatti cAhI, para milI nhiiN| jagatarAma kA mana bhI basa meM nahIM hotaa| ve kisI taraha se use khIMcakara bhagavaccaraNa meM lagAte haiN| para kSaNa bhara bAda punaH vaha vahA~ se bhAga jAtA hai| asAtA karmo ne use khUba jhakajhorA hai isalie vaha zithila aura murajhA-sA gayA hai| sAtA karmokA udaya Ate hI vaha harSita ho jAtA hai| rUpacanda apane mana kI ulTI rIti kI aura saMketa karate haiM ki jahAM duHkha milatA hai vahIM vaha daur3atA hai isalie ve use sAmane apanI hAra mAna lete haiN|128

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 140 para padArthoM se mamatva karane ke bAda bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko jaba jJAna kA AbhAsa hotA hai to vaha kaha uThate haiM, re mUDha mana, tUM cetana ko bhUlakara isa parachAyA meM kahAM bhaTaka gaye ho ? isameM terA koI svarUpa nhiiN| yaha to mAtra vyAdhi kA ghara hai| terA svarUpa to sadA samyka guNa rahA hai aura zeSa mAyA rUpa bhrama hai| isa anupama rUpa ko dekhate hI siddha svarUpa prApta ho jaayegaa|" abhI taka viSaya sukhoM meM tU ramA rahA, para yadi vicAra karo to usase tumhArA bhalA nahIM hogA / tUM to aise jJAniyoM-dhyAniyoM kA sAtha kara jinase gati sudhara ske| unase yaha moha mAyA chUTegI aura tuma siddha pada prApta kara loge| cetana karma caritra meM 'cetana mana bhAI re" kA sambodhana kara kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki kisa prakAra mana mAyA, mithyA aura zoka meM lagA rahatA hai| ina tInoM zalyoM ko mUlataH chor3anA caahie| tadartha krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhadika kaSAya, moha, ajJAna viSayasukha Adi vikAroM ko tilAMjali dekara avinAzI brahma kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie / saMsAra meM Ane ke bAda maraNa avazyambhAvI hai phira dhana yauvana, viSaya rasa AdimeM re mUr3ha, kyoM lIna hai, tana aura Ayu donoM kSINa usI taraha ho rahe haiM jaise aMjuli se jala jharatA jAtA haiM isalie janma-maraNa ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane kA prayatna kro|' 141 142 244 paMcendriya saMvAda meM mana ke donoM pakSoM ko kavi ne sughaDatA se rakhA hai| mana apane Apako sabhI kA saradAra kahatA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki mana se hI karma kSINa hotA hai, karuNA se puNya hotA hai aura Atmatattva jAnA jAtA hai / isalie mana indriyoM kA rAjA hai aura indriyAM mana kI dAsa haiN| taba munirAja ne usakA dUsarA pakSa usI ke samakSa rakhA-re mana,

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245 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva tU vyartha me garva kara rahA hai| tumhAre kAraNa hI tandula maccha naraka meM jAtA hai, jIva koI pApa karatA hai taba usakA anumodana karatA hai, indriyAM to zarIra ke sAtha hI baiThI rahatI haiM para tUM dina rAta idhara-udhara cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai| phalataH karma baMdhate jAte haiN| isalie re mana, rAga dveSa ko dUra kA paramAtmA meM apane ko lgaao| manavattIsI meM kavi ne mana ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM - satya, asatya anubhaya aura ubhy| prathama do prakAra saMsAra kI ora jhukate haiM aura zeSa do prakAra bhavapAra karAte haiN| mana yadi brahma meM laga gayA to apAra sukha kA kAraNa banA, para yadi bhrama meM laga gayA to apAra duHkha kA kAraNa siddha hogaa| isalie triloka meM manase balI aura koI nhiiN| mana dAsa bhI hai, bhUpa bhI hai| vaha ati caMcala hai| jIte jI AtmajJAna aura mukti prApta nahIM ho sktii| jisane use parAjita kara diyA vahI sahI yoddhA hai| jaise hI mana dhyAna meM kendrita ho jAtA hai, indriyAM nirAza ho jAtI haiM aura Atma brahma pragaTa ho jAtA hai / mana jaisA mUrkha bhI saMsAra meM koI dUsarA nhiiN| vaha sukha-sAgara ko chor3akara viSa ke vana meM baiTha jAtA hai / bar3e-bar3e mahArAjAoM ne SaTkhaNDa kA rAjya kiyA para ve mana ko nahIM jatI pAye isalie unheM naraka gati ke duHkha bhoganA pdd'e| mana para vijaya na pAne ke kAraNa hI indra bhI Akara garbhadhAraNa karatA hai ataH bhAva hI bandha kA kAraNa hai aura bhAva hI mukti kaa|144 kavi bhUdharadAsa ne mana ko hAthI mAnakara usake apara-jJAna ko mahAvata ke rUpa meM baiThAyA para use vaha girAkara, sumati kI sAMkala tor3akara bhAga khar3A huaa| usane guru kA aMkuza nahIM mAnA, brahmacarya rUpa vRkSa ko ukhAr3a diyA, agharaja se snAna kiyA, karNa aura indriyoM kI capalatA ko dhAraNa kiyA, kumati rUpa hathinI se ramaNa kiyaa| isa

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246 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA prakAra yaha madamatta-mana-hAthI svacchatApUrvaka vicaraNa kara rahA hai| guNa rUpa pathika usake pAsa eka bhI nahIM aataa| isalie jIva kA kartavya hai ki vaha use vairAgya ke stambha se bAMdha le| jJAna mahAvata DAri, sumati saMkalagahi khaNDai / guru aMkuza nahiM ginai, brahmavrata-virakha vihaMDai / / kari siMghata sara nhauna, keli adha-raja sauM ThAne / karana calanatA dharai, kumati karanI rati mAnai / / Dolata suchanda madamatta ati, guNa-pathika na Avata urai / vairAgya khaMbharauM bAMdha nara, mana-pataMga vicarata burai / / 45 eka sthAna para bhUdharadAsa kavi ne mana ko suA aura jinacaraNa ko piMjarA kA rUpaka dekara suA ko piMjare meM baiThane kI salAha dI aura aneka upamAoM ke sAtha karmo se mukta ho jAne kA Agraha kiyA hai - 'mere mana suA jinapada-pIjare vasi yAra lAva na bAra re (bhUdharavilAsa pada 5) / isI taraha Age kavi ne mana ko mUrakhapaMthI kahakara ha~sa ke sAMga rUpaka dvArA use sAMsArika vAsanAoM se virakta rahane kA upadeza diyA hai aura jinacaraNa meM baiThakara sadguru ke vacanarUpI nItiyoM ko cunane kI salAha dI hai- mana ha~sa hamArIle zikSA hitkaarii|' (vahI pada 33) mana kI pahelI ko kavi daulatarAma ne jaba parakhA to ve kaha uThe - re mana, terI ko kuTeva yh'| yaha terI kaisI pravRtti hai ki tU sadaiva indriya viSayoM meM lagA rahatA hai / inhIM ke kAraNa to anAdikAla se tU nija svarUpa ko pahicAna nahIM sakA aura zAzvat sukha ko prApta nahIM kara skaa| yaha ekendriya sukha parAdhIna, kSaNa-kSayI duHkhadAyI, durgati aura vipatti dene vAlA hai| kyA tU nahIM jAnatA ki sparza indriya ke

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247 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva viSaya upabhoga meM hAthI gaDDhe meM giratA hai aura paratantra bana kara apAra duHkha uThAtA hai| rasanA indriya ke vaza hokara machalI kATe meM apanA kaNTha pha~sAtI hai aura mara jAtI hai| gandha ke lobha meM bhramara kamala para maNDarAtA hai aura usI meM banda hokara apane prANa gaMvA detA hai| saundarya ke cakkara meM Akara pataMga dIpazikhA meM apanI Ahuti de DAlatA hai| karNendriya ke lAlaca meM saMgIta para mugdha hokara hariNavana meM vyAdhoM ke hAtha apane ko saupa detA hai| isalie re mana, guru sIkha ko mAna aura ina sabhI viSayoM ko chor3a - re mana terI ko kuTeva yaha, karana-viSaya meM dhAvai hai / inhIM ke vaza tU anAdi teM, nija svarUpa na lakhAvai hai / parAdhIna china-china samAkula, duragati-vipatti cakhAvai hai / / pharasa viSaya ke kArana vArana, garata parata duHkha pAvai hai / rasanA indrIvaza jhaSa jala meM, kaMTaka kaMTha chidAvai hai / / gaMdha-lola paMkaja mudrita meM, ali nija prAna khapAvai hai / nayana-viSayavaza dIpa zikhA meM, aMga pataMga jarAvai hai / / karana viSayavaza hirana arana meM, khalakara prAna lubhAvai hai / daulatatajainako, jinakobhaja, yahaguru-sIkha sunAvai hai / / jainetara AcAryoM kI taraha hindI ke jainAcAryoM ne bhI mana ko karahA kI upamA dI hai| brahmadIpa kA mana viSaya rUpa veli ko carane kI ora jhukatA hai para use aisA karane ke lie kavi Agraha karatA hai kyoMki usI ke kAraNa use saMsAra meM janma-maraNa ke cakkara lagAnA par3e - "mana kara hA bhava banimA carai, tadi viSa vellarI bhuut| tahaM caraMtahaM bahu dukhu pAiyau, taba jAnahu gau miit|" isa viSayavAsanA meM zAzvat sukha kI prApti nahIM hogii| re mUr3ha, ina mana rUpI hAthI ho vindhya kI ora jAne se

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248 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA roko anyathA yaha tumhAre zIla rUpa vana ko tahasa-nahasa kara degaa| phalataH tumheM saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahanA par3egA - are maNakaraha ma rai karahi iMdiyavisaya suheNa / sukkhu NiraMtara jehi Navi muccahi te vi khaNeNa / / ammiya ihu maNu hatthiyA vijhahaM jaMtau vAri / taM bhaMjesai sIlavaNu puNu paDisai saMsAri / / bhagavatIdAsa ko mana sabase adhika prabala lgaa| trilokoM meM bhramaNa karAne vAlA yahI mana hai vaha dAsa bhI hai| usakA svabhAva caMcalatA hai use vaza meM kiye binA mukti prApta nahIM ho sktii| mana ko dhyAna meM kendrita karate hI indriyAM nirAza ho jAtI haiM aura Atmabrahma prakAzita ho jAtA hai| mana so balI na dUsaro, dekhyo ihiM saMsAra / / tIna loka meM phirata hI, jatana lAgai bAra / / 8 / / mana dAsana ko dAsa hai, mana bhUpana ko bhUpa / / mana saba bAtani yogya hai, mana kI kathA anUpa / / 9 / / mana rAjA kI saina saba, indriya se umarAva / / rAta dinA daurata phirai, karai aneka anyAva / / 10 / / indriya se umarAja jihaM, viSaya deza vicaraMta / / bhaiyA tiha mana bhUpako, ko jItai vina saMta / / 11 / / mana caMcala mana capala ati, mana bahu karma kamAya / / mana jIte vina AtmA, mukti kahI kima thAya / / 12 / / mana so jodhA jagata meM, aura dUsaro nAhiM / / tAhi pachArai so subhaTa, jIta lahai jaga mAhiM / / 13 / /

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249 rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva mana indriya ko bhUpa hai, tAhi karai jo jera / / so sukha pAve mukti ke, yA meM kachU na pher||14|| jaba mana mUMgho dhyAna meM, indriya bhaI nirAza / / taba iha Atama brahma ne, kIne nija parakAza / / 15 / / 14 budhajana ko saMsAra meM ulajhA huA mana bAbalA-sA lagane lagA jo para vastuoM ko apane adhikAra meM karanA cAhatA hai -"manuA bAvalA ho gyaa| (budhajana vilAsa, pada 104), isI taraha ve anyatra kaha uThate haiM - hA~ manAjI thAri gati buri chai dukhadAI ho| nija kAraNa meM neka na lAgata para sI prIti lagAI ho (vahI, pada 62) / aura jaba taka jAte haiM to mana ko usakI ananta catuSTayI zakti kA smaraNa karAkara kaha uThate haiM - remana merA tU merau kahyau mAna-mAnare (vahI, pada 64) / dyAnatarAya mana ko santoSa dhAraNa karane kA udbodhana karate haiM aura usI ko sabase bar3A dhana mAnate haiM - "bAhu santoSa sadA mana re, jA sama aura nahIM dhana deM' (dyAnata pada saMgraha, pada 61) isalie ve viSaya bhogoM ko viSa-bela ke samAna mAnakara jina nAma smaraNa karane ke lie prerita karate haiN| - "jina nAma sumara mana bAvareM kahA ita uta bhttkai| viSaya prakaTa viSa bela haiM jinameM jina attkai|" (vahI, pada 102) vItarAga kA dhyAna hI unakI dRSTi meM sadaiva sukhakArI hai - kara mana ! vItarAga ko dhyAna / ...... dyAnata yaha guna nAma mAlikA pahira hiye sukhadAna (vahI, pada 61) / isa prakAra hamane dekhA ki ukta bAdhaka tattvoM ke kAraNa sAdhaka sAdhanA patha para agrasara nahIM ho paataa| kabhI vaha sAMsArika viSaya

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250 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vAsanAoM ko asalI sukha mAnakara usI meM ulajha jAtA hai, kabhI zarIra se mamatva rakhane ke kAraNa usI kI cintA meM lIna rahatA hai, kabhI karmo ke Azrava Ane aura zubha-azubha karmajAla meM pha~sane ke kAraNa AtmakalyANa nahIM karatA, kabhI mithyAtva, mAyA-moha Adi ke AvaraNa meM lipta rahatA hai, kabhI bAhyADambaroM ko hI paramArtha kA sAdhana mAnakara unhIM kriyA-kANDoM meM pravRtta rahatA hai aura kabhI mana kI caMcalatA ke phalasvarUpa usakA sAdhanA rUpI jahAja DagamagAne lagatA hai jisase rahasya sAdhanA kA patha ojhala ho jAtA hai| kabhI vaha aSTAdaza doSoM se prapIr3ita aura Akulita rahatA hai, kabhI rAga-dveSa se adhikAdhika prema karane ke kAraNa paramAtma svarUpa ke darzanoM kA Ananda nahIM le paataa| moha prAbalya ke kAraNa cidAnanda ke sukha se dUra banA rahatA hai| saMsArI jIva kA bhogAsakta mana vItarAgatA kI ora AkarSita nahIM ho pAtA, nijanAtha niraMjana ke sumirana karane meM vaha duvidhA grasta banA rahatA hai / akSaya pada rUpI dhana kI bUMde cakhane kA use saubhAgya hI nahIM mila pAtA, sadguru ke vacanoM ke prati dRDha zraddhA utpanna nahIM ho pAtI, hRdaya meM samatA bhAva jAgrata nahIM ho paataa| phalataH saMsAra kA saMsaraNa baDhatA hI calA jAtA hai aura mukti patha kA mahAdvAra khula nahIM paataa|

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SaSTha parivarta rahasya bhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva rahasya bhAvanA ke pUrvokta bAdhaka tattvoM ko dUra karane ke bAda sAdhaka kA mana nizchala aura zAMta ho jAtA hai| vaha vItarAgI sadguru kI khoja meM rahatA hai| sadguru prApti ke bAda sAdhaka usase saMsAra-sAgara se pAra hone ke lie mArga-darzana kI AkAMkSA vyakta karatA hai| sadguru kI amRtavANI ko sunakara use saMsAra se vairAgya hone lagatA hai / vaha saMsAra kI pravRtti ko acchI taraha samajhane lagatA hai, zarIra kI apavitratA, vinazvara zIlatA aura narabhava-durlabhatA para vicAra karatA hai, Atma sambodhana, pazcAttApa Adi ke mAdhyama se Atmacintana karatA hai, vAsanA aura karma phala kA anubhava karane lagatA hai, cetana aura karma ke sambandha para gambhIratApUrvaka manana karatA hai, Azrava aura bandha ke kAraNoM ko dUra kara saMvara aura nirjarA tattva kI prApti karane kA prayatna karatA hai| bAhya kriyAoM se mukta hokara antaH karaNa ko vizuddha karatA hai, sva-para viveka rUpa bhedavijJAna ko prApta karatA hai aura samyagdarzana aura jJAnacAritra rUpa ratnatraya kI prApti ke lie sAdhanA karatA hai| isa sthiti meM Ate-Ate sAdhaka kA citta mithyAtva kI ora se pUrNataH dUra haTa jAtA hai tathA bhedavijJAna meM sthiratA lAne ke lie sAdhaka tapa aura vairAgya ke mAdhyama se paramArtha rUpa mokSa kI prApti ke lie kramazaH zubhopayogI aura zuddhopayogI bana jAtA hai| abhI taka sAdhaka ke lie

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252 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jo tattva rahasya banA thA usakI gutthI dhIre-dhIre rahasyabhAvanA aura rahasya tattvoM ke mAdhyama se sulajhane lagatI hai / vaha kaSAya, lezyA Adi mArgaNAoM se mukta hokara mahAvratoM kA anupAlana kara guNasthAnoM ke mAdhyama se kramazaH nirvANa prApti kI ora abhimukha ho jAtA hai| 1. sadguru __ jaina sAdhanA meM sadguru prApti kA vizeSa mahattva hai| vizeSataH usakA mahattva rahasya sAdhakoM ke lie hai, jinheM vaha sAdhanA karane kI preraNA detA hai| rahasya sAdhanA meM jo tattva bAdhA DAlate haiM unake prati aruci jAgrata kara sAdhanA kI ora agrasara karatA hai| sAdhanA meM sadguru kA sthAna vahI hai jo arhanta kA hai| jaina sAdhakoM ne arhanta-tIrthaMkara, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ko sadguru mAnakara unakI upAsanA, stuti aura bhakti kI hai| mohAdika karmo ke bane rahane ke kAraNa vaha 'bar3e bhAgani' se ho pAtI hai| kuzala lAbha ne guru zrI pUjyavAhaNa ke upadezoM ko kokila-kAminI ke gItoM meM, mayUroM kI thirakana meM aura cakoroM ke pulakita nayanoM meM dekhaa| unake dhyAna meM snAna karate hI zItala pavana kI lahareM calane lagatI haiM sakala jagat supatha kI sugandha se mahakane lagatA hai, sAtoM kSetra sudharma se ApUra ho jAtA hai| aise guru ke prasAda kI upalabdhi yadi ho sake to zAzvat sukha prApta hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hogI - 'sadA guru dhyAna mAnalahari zItala vahai re / kIrti sujasa visAla sakala jaga maha mahai re / sAte kSetra suThAma sudharmaha nIpajaI re / zrI guru pAya prasAda sadA sukha saMpajai re / /

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253 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva kharatara gacchIya pahurAja ko apane guru jinodaya sUri ke zIla saMyama ne baDA AkarSita kiyaa| kavi ne jinodaya sUri guNa varNana kAvya (saM. 1431) meM unakA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - kavaNi kavaNi guNi thuNauM kavaNi kiNimeya vakhANauM / thUlabhadda tuha sIla labdhi, goyama tuha jANau / pAva paMka bhau maliu daliu kaMdappa niruttau / jiNa munivara siri tilau bhaviya kappayaru pahuttau / jiNa udaya sUri maNahara rayaNa suguru paTTadhara uddharaNa, pahurAja bhaNai ima jANikariphala manavaMchita suhakaraNu / 5 / mAnasiMha ne kSullaka kumAra caupai (saM. 1670) meM sadguru kI saMgati ko mokSaprApti kA kAraNa mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai - zrI sadguru pada juga namI, sarasati dhyAna dharesu; kSullaka kumAra susAdhunA, guNa saMgrahaNa karezu / guNagrahatAM guNa pAiyai, guNi raMjai guNajANa, kamali bhramara Avai catura, dAdura graha ina ajANa / guNijana saMgata thai nipuNa, pAvai uttama ThAma, kusumasaMga Doro kaMTaka ketaki siri abhirAma / pahilau dharma na saMgrahiu, mAta kahii guruvayaNa, naTuivayaNe jAgIyai, vikase aMtaranayaNa / somaprabhAcArya ke bhAvoM kA anukaraNa kara banArasIdAsa ne bhI guru sevA ko 'pAyapaMtha pariharahiM dharahiM zubhapaMtha paga' tathA 'sadA avAMchita citta jutArana tarana jaga' mAnA hai sadguru kI kRpA se mithyAtva kA vinAza hotA hai| sugati-durgati ke vidhAyaka karmo ke vidhi-niSedha kA jJAna hotA hai, puNya-pApa kA artha samajha meM AtA hai, saMsAra-sAgara

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254 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA ko pAra karane ke lie sadguru vastutaH eka jahAja hai| usakI samAnatA saMsAra meM aura koI bhI nahIM kara sakatA - mithyAtva dalana siddhAnta sAdhaka, mukatimAraga jaaniye| karanI akaranI sugati durgati, puNya pApa bkhaaniye| saMsArasAgara tarana tArana, guru jahAja vishekhiye| jagamAMhi gurusama kaha banArasi', aura kou na pekhiye / / ' kavi kA guru anantaguNI, nirAbAdhI, rUpAdhi, avinAzI, cidAnaMdamaya aura brahmasamAdhimaya hai| unakA jJAna dina meM sUrya kA prakAza aura rAtri meM candra kA prakAza hai| isalie he prANI, ceto aura guru kI amRta rUpa tathA nizcaya-vyahAranaya rUpa vANI ko sUno / marmI vyakti hI marma ko jAna pAtA hai| guru kI vANI ko hI unhoMne jinAgama kahA aura usakI hI zubhadharmaprakAzaka, pApavinAza, kunayabhedaka, tRSNAnAzaka Adi rUpa se stuti kii| jisa prakAra se aMjana rUpa auSadhi ke lagAne se timira roga naSTa ho jAte haiM vaise hI sadguru ke upadeza se saMzayAdi doSa vinaSTa ho jAte haiN| ziva paccIsI meM guru vANI ko jalaharI' kahA hai| use sumati aura zAradA kahakara kavi ne sumati devyaSTottara zatAnAma tathA zAradASTaka likhA hai jinameM guruvANI ko 'sudhAdharma, saMsAdhanI dharmazAlA, sudhAtApani nAzanI meghmaalaa| mahAmoha vidhvaMsanI mokSadAnI' kahakara 'nAmodevi vAgezvarI jainavAnI' Adi rUpa se stuti kI hai| kevalajJAnI sadguru ke hRdaya rUpa sarovara se nadI rUpa jinavANI nikalakara zAstra rUpa samudra meM praviSTa ho gii| isalie vaha satya svarUpa aura anantanayAtmaka haiM / kavi ne usakI megha se upamA dekara sampUrNa jagata ke lie hitakAriNI mAnA hai|" use samyagdRSTi samajhate haiM aura mithyAdRSTi nahIM samajha paate| isa tathya ko kavi ne aneka prakAra se samajhAyA hai jisa prakAra nirvANa sAdhya

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255 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva hai aura arahaMta, zrAvaka, sAdhu, samyaktva Adi avasthAyeM sAdhaka haiM, inameM pratyakSa-parokSa kA bheda hai| ye saba avasthAyeM ekajIva kI haiM / aisA jAnane vAlA hI samyagdRSTi hotA hai| sahajakIrti guru ke darzana ko paramAnandadAyI mAnate haiM - 'darazana nadhika ANaMda jaMgama sura trukNd|' unake guNa avarNanIya haiM - 'varaNavI hUM navi sakU, / jagatarAma dhyAnastha hokara alakha niraMjana ko jagAne vAle sadguru para balihArI ho jAtA hai| aura phira sadguru ke prati 'tA jogI cita lAvo more vAlo' kahakara apanA anurAga pragaTa kiyA hai|" vaha zIla rUpa laMgoTI meM saMyama rUpa DorI se gA~Tha lagAtA hai kSamA aura karuNA kA nAda bajAtA hai tathA jJAna rUpa guphA meM dIpaka saMjokara cetana ko jagAtA hai| kahatA hai, re cetana, tuma jJAnI ho aura samajhAne vAlA sadguru hai taba bhI tumhAre samajha meM nahIM AtA, yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai| ___ sadguru tumahiM par3hAvai cita dai aru tumahU hau jJAnI, tabahUM tumahiMna kyoM hU Avai, cetana tattva khaanii| pAMDe hemarAja kA guru dIpaka ke samAna prakAza karane vAlA hai aura vaha tamanAzaka aura vairAgI hai| use Azcarya hai ki aise guru ke vacanoM ko bhI jIva na to sunatA hai aura na viSayavAsanA tathA pApAdika karmo se dUra hotA hai| isalie vaha kaha uThatA hai-sISa saguru kI mAni lairailaal| rUpacanda kI dRSTi meM guru-kRpA ke binA bhavasAgara se pAra nahIM huA jA sktaa| brahmadIpa usakI jyoti meM apanI jyoti milAne ke lie Atura dikhAI dete haiM - 'kahai brahmadIpa sajana samujhAI kari joti meM joti milaavai|

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256 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA brahmadIpa ke samAna hI AnaMdaghana ne bhI 'abadhU' ke sambodhana se yogI guru ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai|" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne aise hI yogI sadguru ke vacanAmRta dvArA saMsArI jIvoM ko saceta ho jAne ke lie AvAhana kiyA hai - eto duHkha saMsAra meM, eto sukha saba jAna / iti lakhi bhaiyA caitiye, suguruvacana ura Ana / / 23 madhubinduka kI caupAI meM unhoMne anya rahasyavAdI santoM ke samAna guru ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA vizvAsa hai ki sadguru ke mArgadarzana ke binA jIva kA kalyANa nahIM ho sakatA, para vItarAgI sadguru bhI AsAnI se nahIM milatA, puNya ke udaya se hI aisA sadguru milatA hai - 'suaTA socai hie mjhaar| ye guru sAMce tAranahAra / / maiM zaTha phirayokarama vana maahi| aise guru kahuM pAe nAhiM / aba mo puNya udaya kucha bhyau| sAMce guru ko darzana layo / / " pAMDe rUpacanda gIta paramArthI meM AtmA ko sambodhate hue sadguru ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki sadguru amRtamaya tathA hitakArI vacanoM se cetana ko samajhAtA hai cetana, acaraja bhArI, yaha mere jiya Avai / amRta vacana hitakArI, sadguru tumahiM par3hAvai / sadguru tumahiM par3hAvai cita dai, Aru tumahU hau ghAnI / tabahUM tumahiM na kyoM hU Avai, cetana tattva khaanii|| daulatarAma jaina guru kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue ciMtita dikhAI dete haiM ki unheM vaisA guru kaba milegA jo kaMcana-kAMca meM va niMdaka

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 257 vaMdaka meM samatAbhAvI ho, vItarAgI ho, durdhara tapasvI ho, aparigrahI ho, saMyamI ho / aise hI guru bhavasAgara se pAra karA sakate haiM - kaba hauM milaiMmohi zrIguru munavira kari haiM bhavodadhipArAho / bhoga udAsa joga jina lInhoM chADi parigraha mArA ho / / kaMcana--kAMca barAkara jinake, nidaMka-baMdhaka sArA ho / durdhara tapa tapi samyak nijaghara mana vacana kara dhArA ho / / grISama giri hima saritA tIre pAvasa tarutara ThArA ho / karuNA mIna hIna trasa thAvara IryApatha samArA ho / / mAsa chamAsaupAsa bAsavana pAsuka karata ahArA ho| Arata raudra leza nahiM jinake dharma zukla cita dhArA ho|| dhyAnArUr3ha gur3ha nija Atama zuddha upayoga vicArA ho| Apa tarahi aurani ko tArahiM, bhava jala sindhu apArA ho| daulata aise jaina jatina ko nijaprati dhoka hamArA ho|| (daulata vilAsa, pada 72) dyAnatarAya ko guru ke samAna aura dUsarA koI dAtA dikhAI nahIM diyaa| tadanusAra guru usa andhakAra ko naSTa kara detA hai jise sUrya bhI naSTa nahIM kara pAtA, megha ke samAna sabhIpara samAnabhAva se nisvArtha hokara kRpA jala varSAtA hai, naraka tiryaMca Adi gatiyoM se jIvoM ko lAkara svarga-mokSa meM pahuMcAtA hai ataH tribhuvana meM dIpaka ke samAna prakAza karanevAlA guru hI hai| vaha saMsAra sAgara se pAra lagAne vAlA jahAja hai| vizuddhamana se usake pada-paMkaja kA smaraNa karanA caahie| kavi viSayavAsanA meM page jIvoM ko dekhakara sahAnubhUtiyoM pUrvaka kaha uThatA hai jo tajai viSaya kI AsA, dyAnata pAvai vivAsA / yaha sataguru sIkha banAI kAhUM viralai ke jiya aaii||

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258 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhUdharadAsa ko bhI zrIguru ke upadeza anupama lagate haiM isalie ve sambodhita kara kahate haiN| - "suna jJAnI prANI, zrIguru sIkha syaanii| guru kI yaha sIkha rUpa gaMgA nadI bhagavAna mahAvIra rUpI himAcala se nikalI, moha-rUpI mahAparvata ko bhedatI huI Age bar3hI, jaga ko jar3atA rUpI Atapa ko dUra karate hue jJAna rUpa mahAsAgara meM girI, saptabhaMgI rUpI taraMge uchliiN| usako hamArA zatazaH vndn| sadguru kI yaha vANI ajJAnAndhakAra ko dUra karane vAlI hai| budhajana sadguru kI sIkha ko mAna lene kA Agraha karate haiM - "suThilyau jIva sujAna sIkha guru hita kI khii| rulyau anantI bAra gati-gati sAtAna lhii| (budhajana vilAsa, pada 99), guru dvArA pradatta jJAna ke pyAle se budhajana ghora jaMgaloM se dUra ho gaye : guru ne pilAyA jo jJAna pyAlA / yaha bekhabarI paramAvAM kI nijarasa meM matavAlA / yoM to chAka jAta nahiM chinahUM miTi gaye Ana jaMjAla / adbhuta Ananda magana dhyAna meM buddhajana hAla samhAlA / / - budhajana vilAsa, pada 77 samaya sundara kI dazA guru ke darzana karate hI badala jAtI hai aura puNya dazA prakaTa ho jAtI hai - Aja kUdhana dina meru| puNyadazA pragaTI aba merI pekhatu guru mukha teru|| (aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR. 129) sAdhukIrti to guru darzana ke binA vihvala-se dikhAI dete hai| isalie sakhi se unake Agamana kA mArga pUchate haiN| unakI vyAkulatA nirguNa saMtoM kI vyAkulatA se bhI adhika pavitratA lie hue hai (aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR.91)

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259 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva vIra himAcala tai nikasI, guru gautama ke mukhakuNDa DharI hai| moha mahAcala bheda calI, jaga kI jar3atA tapa dUra karI hai / / jJAna payonidhimAhirulI, bahubhaMga-taraMgini sauMucharI hai| tAzaci zArada gaMganadIprati, maiM aMjurI nija sIsa dharI hai|" isa prakAra sadguru aura usakI divya vANI kA mahattva rahasyasAdhanA kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai| sadguru ke prasAda se hI srsvtii| aura ekacittatA kI prApti hotI hai| brahma milana kA mArga yahI sujhAtA hai / paramAtmA se sAkSatkAra karAne meM sadguru kA vizeSa yogadAna rahatA hai| mAyA kA Acchanna AvaraNa usI ke upadeza aura satsaMgati se dUra ho pAtA hai| phalataH AtmA vizuddha bana jAtA hai usI vizuddha AtmA ko pUjyapAda ne nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se sadguru kahA hai| prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM ne narabhava kI durlabhatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha sambhavataH isalie bhI hogA ki jJAna kI jitanI adhika gairAI taka manuSya pahuMca sakatA hai| utanI gaharAI taka anya koI nhiiN| sAtha hI yaha bhI sthAyI tathya hai ki jitanA adhika ajJAna manuSya meM ho sakatA hai utanA aura dUsare meM nhiiN| jJAna aura ajJAna donoM kI prakarSatA yahAM dekhI jA sakatI hai| isalie AcAryoM ne mAnava kI zakti kA upayoga usake ajJAna ko dUra karane meM lagAne ke lie prerita kiyA hai| etadartha sarvaprathama yaha Avazyaka hai ki sAdhaka ke mana meM narabhava kI durlabhatA samajha meM A jaay| mahAtmA buddha ne bhI aneka bAra apane ziSyoM ko isI taraha kA upadeza diyA thaa| __mana kI caMcalatA se duHkhita hokara rUpacanda kaha uThate hai - "mana mAnahi kina samajhAyo re|" yaha narabhava-ratna athaka prayatna karane

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260 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA para satkarmo ke kAraNa prApta ho sakA hai| para use hama viSaya-vAsanAdi vikAra-bhava rUpa kAcamaNi se badala rahe haiN| jaise koI vyakti dhanArjana kI lAlasA se videza yAtrA kare aura cintAmaNi ratna hAtha Ane para lauTate samaya use pASANa samajha kara samudra meM pheMka de| usI prakAra koI bhavasAgara meM bhramaNa karate hue satkarmo ke prabhava se narajanma mila jAtA hai para yadi ajJAnavaza use vyartha gavA detA hai to usase adhika mUDha aura kauna ho sakatA hai ?" somaprabhAcArya ke zabdoM ko banArasIdAsa ne punaH kahA ki jisaprakAra ajJAnI vyakti saje hue mataMgaja se IMdhana Dhoye, kaMcana pAtroM ko dhUla se bhare, amRta rasa se paira dhoye, kAka ko ur3Ane ke lie mahAmaNi ko pheMka de aura phira roye, usI prakAra isa narabhava ko pAkara yadi nirarthaka gaMvA diyA to bAda meM pazcAttApa ke atirikta aura kucha bhI hAtha nahIM lgegaa| jyoM matihIna viveka binA nara, sAjimataMgaja IMdhana Dhovai / kaMcana bhAjana dhUla bharai zat, mUDha sudhArasa sauM paga dhovai / / bAhita kAga ur3Avana kAraNa, DAra mahAmaNi mUrakha rovai / tyauM yaha durlabha deha banArasi' pAya ajAna akAratha khovai / / dyAnatarAya ne 'nahi aisA janama bArambAra' kahakara yahI bAta kahI hai| unake anusAra yadi koI narabhava ko saphala nahIM banAtA to 'aMdha hAtha baTera AI, tajata tAhi gaMvAra' vAlI kahAvata usake sAtha caritArtha ho jaayegii| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne vyakti ko pahale use sAMsArika icchAoM kI ora se saceta kiyA hai aura phira narajanma kI durlabhatA kI ora saMketa kiyaa| jIva anAdikAla se mithyAjJAna ke vazIbhUta hokara karma kara rahA hai| kabhI vaha rAmA ke cakkara meM par3atA hai

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 261 to kabhI vana ke, kabhI zarIra se rAga karatA hai to kabhI parivAra se| use yaha dhyAna nahIM ki 'Aja kAli pIjare soM paMchI ur3a jAtu hai|' re cidAnaMda, tuma apane mUla svarUpa para vicAra kro| jaba taka tuma aura rUpa meM page rahoge, taba taka vAstavika sukha tumheM nahIM mila skegaa| indriya sukha ko yadi tuma vAstavika sukha mAnate ho to isase adhika bhUla tumhArI aura kyA hogI? yaha sukha kSaNika hai aura tumhArA svarUpa avinAzI hai| aisA narajanma pAkara vivekI bano aura karmaroga se mukta hoo, isI meM kalyANa hai| anyathA pazcAttApa karanA pdd'egaa| tumane itanI gAr3ha nidrA lI jo sAdhAraNataH aura koI nahIM letaa| aba tumhAre hAtha cintAmaNi AyA hai, narabhava pAyA hai isalie ghaTa kI AMkheM khola aura jauharI bn| saMsAra kI karuNa sthiti ko dekhakara bhI yaha mUDha nara bhayabhIta nahIM hotaa| isa manuSya janma ko pAkara sote-sote hI vyatIta kara diyA jAya to bahuta bar3hI ajJAnatA hogii| usa samaya kI koI kImata nahIM lagAyI jA sakatI haiM eka-eka pala usakA amUlya hai| isalie kavi ne 'cetana narabhava pAya kai, ho jAni vRthA kyoM khovai chai"kA udghoSa kiyA hai| daulatarAma ne caturgati ke duHkhoM kA varNana karate hue "durlabha lahi jyoM cintAmaNi tyauM paryAya lahI trasataNI' kahakara manuSya ko saceta kiyA hai| budhajana ke bhAvoM ko dekhiye, kitanI AturatA aura vyagratA dikhAI de rahI hai| unake zabdoM meM :narabhava pApa pheri duHkha bharanA, aisA kAja na karanA ho / nAhaka mamata ThAni pudgalasoM, karama jAla kyoM paranA ho / / narabhava0 / / 1 / /

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262 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA yaha to jar3a, tU jJAna-arUpI, tila tupa kyoM guru baranA ho / rAga-dveSa taji, bhaja samatA kauM, karma sAtha ke haranA ho / / 2 / / yoM bhava pAya viSaya-sukha sehA, gaja car3hi IMdhana DhonA ho / 'budhajana' samujhi seya jinavara-pada, jyoM bhavasAgara taranA ho / / 3 / / ___ kavivara viSayAsakta vyakti kI AhaTa ko pahacAnate haiN| isalie ve kahate haiM ki tumane abhI taka bahuta vigAra kiyA hai apnaa| yaha narabhava mukti-mahala kI sIDhI hai, saMsAra-sAgara se pAra karAne vAlA taTa hai phira kyoM ise vyartha kho rahA hai "are hA~ taiM to sudharI bahuta vigArI / ye gati mukti mahala kI paurI pApa rahata kyoM pichaarii|" (budhajana vilAsa, pada 26) bhUdharadAsa saceta hokara narabhava kI saphalatA kI bAta karate haiM - are hA ceto re bhaaii| mAnuSa deha lahI dulahI, sudharI udharI bhavasaMgati pAI / je karanI varanI karanI nahiM, samajhI karanI samajhAI / yoM zubha thAna jagyau ura jJAna, viSai viSapAna tRSa na bujhAI / pArasa pAva sudhArasa bhUdhara, bhIkha ke mAMhi sulAja na AI / / (bhUdhara vilAsa, pada 46) bihArIdAsa ko narabhava vyartha karanA samudra meM rAI pheMka kara punaH prApta karanA jaisA lagA - "Atama kaThina upAya pAya narabhava kyoM tajai rAI udadhi samAnI phira DhUMDha nahIM paaiye|"""nrbhv durlabhatA ke cintana ke sAtha hI sAdhaka kA mana saMsAra aura zarIra kI nazvaratA para bhI Tika

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263 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva jAtA hai| usakA mana tathAkathita sAMsArika sukhoM kI ora se haTakara sthAyI sukha kI prApti meM laga jAtA hai| aba vaha samajhane lagatA hai ki sAMsArika sukha vastutaH vAstavika sukha nahIM balki sukhAbhAsa hai| narabhava durlabhatA kA cintana isa cintana ko aura Age bar3hA detA hai| 2. Atma sambodhana narabhava durlabhatA, zarIra Adi viSayoM para cintana karane ke sAtha hI sAdhaka apane cetana ko Atma sambodhana se sanmArga para lagAne kI preraNA detA hai| isase asadvRttiyA~ manda ho jAtI haiM aura sAdhya kI ora bhI ekAgratA bar3ha jAtI hai sAdhaka svayaM Age AtA hai aura saMsAra ke padArtho kI kSaNabhaMguratA Adi para socatA hai| banArasIdAsa apane cetana ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki re cetana, tU trikAla meM akelA hI rahane vAlA hai| parivAra kA saMyoga to aisA hI hai, jaise nadInAva kA saMyoga hotA hai| jahA~ saMyoga hotA hai vahAM viyoga bhI nizcita hI hai| yaha saMsAra asAra hai, kSaNabhaMgura hai| bulabule ke samAna sukha, saMpatti, zarIra Adi sabhI kucha naSTa hone vAle haiN| tU moha ke kAraNa unameM itanA adhika Asakta ho gayA hai ki AtmA ke samUce guNoM ko bhUla gayA hai| 'maiM maiM' ke bhAva meM caturgatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatA rhaa| abhI bhI mithyAmata ko chor3a de aura sadguru kI vANI para zraddhA kara le| terA kalyANa ho jaayegaa| re cetana, tU abhI bhI mithyAbhrama kI ghanaghora nidrA meM soyA huA hai| jabaki kaSAya rUpa cAra cora tumhAre ghara ko naSTa kiye de rahe haiM - cetana tuhu jani sovahu nIMda ajJora / cAra cora ghara mUsaMhi sarabasa toro /

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264 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA isalie tU rAga dveSa Adi chor3akara aura kanaka-kAminI se sambandha tyAga acetana padArthoM kI saMgati meM tU saba kucha bhUla gyaa| tujhe yaha to samajhanA cAhie thA ki cakamaka meM kabhI Aga nikalatI nahIM dikhtii|" Age kavi apanI AtmA ko sambodhate hue kahate haiM - 'tU Atama guna jAni re jAvi, sAdhu vacana mani Ani re aani| bharata cakravartI, rAvaNa Adi paurANika mahApuruSoM kA udAharaNa dekara ve aura bhI adhika spaSTa karate haiM ki anta samaya Ane para "aura na tohi chur3Avana haar"|" yaha saMsArI jIvAtmA para padArthoM meM adhika ruci dikhAtA hai aura svayaM apane guNoM ko bhUla jAtA hai - cetana ulTI cAla cle| jar3a saMgata taiM jar3atA vyApI nijaguna sakala Tale / yaha cetana bAra-bAra moha meM phaMsa jAtA hai isalie ve use apane Apako sambhAlane ko kahate haiM - cetana tohi na neka saMsAra, | nakha zikha loM dRr3ha bandhana baiThe kauna nikhaar|" isIlie banArasIdAsa saMsArI jIva ko 'bhauMdU' kahakara sambodhita karate haiN| unake isa zabda meM kitanI yathArtha abhivyakti huI hai yaha dekhate hI banatA hai| unakA kathana hai - re bhauMdU, ye jo carma cakSu haiM jinase tuma padArthoM kA darzana karate ho, vastutaH ye tumhArI nahIM haiN| unakI utpatti bhrama se hotI hai aura jahAM bhrama hotA hai vahAM zrama hotA hai| jahAM zrama hotA hai vahAM rAga hotA hai| jahAM rAga hotA hai vahAM mohAdika bhAva hote haiM, jahAM mohAdika bhAva hote haiM vahAM mukti prApti

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265 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva asambhava hai| re bhauMdU, ye carma cakSueM to paudgalika haiM, para tUM to pudgala nhiiN| ye AkheM parAdhIna haiN| binA prakAza ke ve padArtha ko dekha nahIM sktiiN| ataH aisI AMkhe prApta karane kA prayatna karojo kisI para nirbhara na raheM - bhauMdU bhAI ! samujha zabda yaha merA, jo tU dekhe ina AMkhinasauM tAmeM kachu na teraa| bhauNduu0||1|| parAdhIna bala ina AMkhina ko, vinu prakAza na sUjhai / so parakAza agati ravi zazi ko, tU apanoM kara bUjhe / / ___bhauMdU / / 5 / / vAstavika AkheM to 'hiye kI AkheM haiN| re bhauMdU, tuma unhIM hiye kI AMkhoM se dekho jinase kisI prakAra kA bhrama utpanna nahIM hotaa| unase amRta rasa kI varSA hotI hai| ve kevalajJAnI kI vANI ko parakha sakatI hai| una AMkhoM se paramArtha dekhA jAtA hai jisase prANI kRtArtha ho jAtA hai| yahI kevalI kI vyavasthA hai jahAM karmo kA leSa nahIM rhtaa| una AMkhoM ke milate hI alakha niraMjana jAga jAtA hai, muni dhyAna dhAraNA karatA hai / saMsAra ke anya sabhI kArya mithyA lagane lagate haiM, viSaya vikAra naSTa hokara ziva-sukha prApta hotA hai, samatA rasa prakaTa hotA hai, nirvikalpAvasthA meM jIva ramaNa karane lagatA hai|52 banArasIdAsa kahate haiM - "vA dina ko kara soca jiya ! mana meM, vA din||" he mUr3ha prANI jisa dina AMdhI calegI usameM tumheM va tumhAre parivAra ko evaM sampatti ko baha jAnA par3egA isalie tU ina saba meM citta mata lagA aura nirvANa prApti kA mArga grahaNa kr|

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266 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vIracaMda (17vIM zatI) ne isI saMdarbha meM saMbodhasattANubhAvanA meM katipaya zikSAprada evaM bhAvapUrNa dohe diye haiM, yathA - dayA bIja viNa je kriyA te sadhalI apramANa, zItala sajala jala bharyA nema caMDAla na baann| kaMTha vihaNUMgAna jima, jima viNa vyAkaraNe vANi, na sohe dharmadayA binA, jima bhoyaNa viNa pANi / / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne jIvana kI tInoM avasthAoM kA sundara citraNa karake saMsArI ko udbodhita kiyA hai - bhUli gayI nija rUpa anupama, moha-mahAmada ke matavAre / terohUdAva bando aba ke tumacetana kyoM nahIcetana hAre / / " tumhAre ghaTa meM cidAnanda baiThA hai usase rUpa ko dekhane-parakhane kA upAya kIjie-cidAnanda bhaiyA virAjita hai ghaTa mAMhi, tAke rUpa lakhiye ko upAya kachu kriye|| para padArtho ke saMsarga se Atmadharma ko mata bhuul| samyagjJAnI hokara paramArtha prApta kara, aura zuddhAnubhava rasa kA pAna kr| ___ vyakti bhogoM kI aura saralatA pUrvaka daur3atA hai / usakI isa pravRtti ko spaSTa karate hue kavivara daulatarAma ne "mAna le yA sikha morI, jhukai mata bhogana orI' kahakara bhogavAsanA ko bhujaMga ke zarIra (bhoga) ke samAna batAyA hai jo dekhane meM to sundara lagatA hai para sparza karate hI Dasa letA hai aura marmAntika pIr3A kA kAraNa banatA hai| jisa prakAra totA AkAza meM calane kI apanI gati ko bhUlakara nalinI ke phaMde meM phaMsatA hai aura pazcAttApa karatA hai usI prakAra re Atman, tU apane svarUpa ko bhUlakara duHkha sAgara meM DubakiyAM lagAtA hai| isalie ve cetana ko usa aura se mur3ane ke lie kahate haiM -

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 'jiyau tohi samajhAyau sau sau bAra / dekha saguru kI parahita meM rati hita- upadeza sunAyI sau sau bAra / viSaya bhujaMga se dukha pAyo, puni tinasoM lapaTAye / svapada visAra racyo para pada meM, madarata jyauM vIrAyI / / tana dhana svajana nahIM haiM tere nAhaka neha lagAyo / kyoM na tajai bhrama, cAkha samAmRta, jo nita saMta suhAyo / / abahU samujhi kaThina yaha narabhava, jinavRSa vinA gamAyo / te vilakheM mani DAra upadhi meM, daulata ko pachatAyo / / 58 267 jIva ke mithyAjJAna kI ora nihAra kara dyAnatarAya kahe binA nahIM raha pAte- jAnata kyoM nahi he nara pAte - jAnata kyoM nahi he nara Atama jJAnI, 59 rAga dveSa pudgala kI saMgati nihacai zuddha nizAnI / " tU maiM maiM kI bhAvanA se kyoM grasita hai ? saMsAra kA hara padArtha kSaNabhaMgura hai para avinAzI hai - maiM maiM kAhe karata hai, tana dhana pavana nihAra / tU avinAzI AtamA, binAsIta saMsAra / / parantu mAyA moha ke cakkara meM par3akara svayaM kI zakti ko bhUla gayA hai| terI hara zvAsocchavAsa ke sAtha sohaM-sohaM ke bhAva uThate haiN| yahI tInoM lokoM kA sAra hai| tumheM to sohaM chor3akara ajapAjapa meM laga jAnA caahie|" udayarAja jatI ne prIti ko sAMsArika moha kA kAraNa batAkara usase dUra rahane kA upadeza diyA hai - udairAja kahaiM suNi AtamA isI prIti jiNau~ karai / "

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mahAtmA Anandaghana ne paurANika zabdoM aura artho ko chor3akara AtmA ke rAma Adi naye zabda aura unake naye artha diye haiM / 'rAma' vaha hai jo nija pada meM rame, 'rahIma' vaha hai jo dUsaroM para rahama kareM, 'kRSNa' vaha hai jo karmoM kA kSaya kare, 'mahAdeva' vaha hai jo nirvANa prApta kare, 'pArzva' vaha hai jo zuddha AtmA kA sparza kare, brahma vaha hai jo AtmA ke satya rUpa ko pahicAne / vaha brahma niSkarma aura vizuddha hai : 268 nija pada rame rAma sau kahiye, rahima kare rahimAna rI / karaze karma kAma sau kahiye, mahAdeva nirvANa rI / / parase rUpa pArasa sau kahie, brahma cinhe so brahma rI / iha vidha sAdhau Apa AnaMdaghana, cetanamaya niHkarma rI / / 69 jainadarzana vastu ke sampUrNa svarUpa para vicAra karane ke lie naya-praNAlI kA upayoga karatA hai| tadanusAra vastu ke mUla athavA zuddha svarUpa ko nizcaya-naya aura azuddha svarUpa ko vyavahAra naya ke antargata rakhA jAtA hai / jIva kI niSkarmAvasthA para zuddha athavA nizcayanaya se aura sakarmAvasthA para azuddha athavA vyavahAra naya se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya meM sAdhakoM ne ina donoM praNAliyoM ko yathAsamaya apnaayaa| AtmA ke svarUpa para bhI unhoMne inhIM donoM praNAliyoM ke AdhAra para vicAra kiyA hai| buddha cidAnandarUpa apanA bhAva hI jJAna hai usI se mAyAmohAdi dUra ho jAte haiM aura siddhi prApta ho jAtI hai / jJAna nija bhAva zuddha cidAnanda, cItato mUko mAyAmoha geha dekhie / AtmA kA mUla guNa jJAna hai| vaha karmo ke prabhAva se pracchanna

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva bhale hI ho jAye para lupta nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra suvarNa kudhAtu ke saMyoga se agni meM aneka rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai phira bhI vaha apane svarNatva kI nahIM chodd'taa|" jIva kI yaha zuddhAvasthA caitanya rUpa hai, ananta guNa, ananta paryAya aura ananta zakti sahita hai, amUrtika hai, ziva hai, akhaMDita hai, sarvavyApI hai| banArasIdAsa ke nAma para pItAmbara dvArA likhI jJAnavAvanI meM jIva ke svarUpa ko bahuta acche DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usake anusAra jIva zuddha naya se zuddha, siddha, jJAyaka Adi rUpa hai| parantu karmAdi ke kAraNa vaha unheM prApta nahIM kara paataa| yahIM cidAnanda ko rAjA mAnakara karma pudgaloM se usakA saMgharSa bhI batAyA hai| sAtha hI cerI, sonA, paramArtha, prapaMca, caupaTa Adi rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se usake bAhya svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| banArasIdAsa ne jIva ke zuddha svarUpa ko ziva aura brahma samAdhi mAnA tathA zarIra meM usake nivAsa ko usI prakAra batAyA jisa prakAra phala-phUlAdi meM sugandha, dahI-dUdha Adi meM ghI, kATha pASANadi meM paavk| isI prakAra kA kathana muni mahanandi kA bhI hai / ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra dUdha meM ghI, tila se tela tathA lakar3I meM agni rahatI hai usI prakAra zarIra meM AtmA nivAsa karatI hai : khIraha majjhaha jaima dhiu, tilaha maMjjhi jima tilu| kaTTihu vAsaNuM jima vasai, nima dehahi dehillu| banArasIdAsa ne AtmA aura ziva ko sAMgarUpaka meM prastuta kara ziva ke samUce guNa siddha meM ghaTAye haiN| ziva ko unahoMne brahma, siddha aura bhagavAna bhI kahAM hai| samUcI zivapaccIsI meM unake isa siddhAnta kI mArmika vyAkhyA upalabdha hai| tadanusAra jIva aura ziva donoM eka haiN|

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 62 rUpacanda ne cetana ko catura sujAna kahakara apane zuddha caitanya svarUpa ko pahacAnane ke lie udbodhita karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki para padArtha apane kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakate - 'rUpacanda citaceti nara, apanI na hoi nidAna' (hindI pada saMgraha, pada 62) / kyA ausa se kabhI pyAsa sakatI hai? kyA viSaya-sukha se kabhI sahaja - zAzvat sukha prApta bujha ho sakatA hai ? isalie re cetana ! para-padArtho se prIti mata kr| tuma donoM kA svabhAva bilkula bhinna hai| tU vivekI hai aura para padArtha jar3a hai| aisI sthiti meM tU kahA~ unameM pha~sA huA hai - jiya jina karahiM para sauM prIti / eka prakRti na milai jAsauM, ko mare tihi nIti / - 63 270 budhajana ko ajJAnI jIva ke ina kAryo para acaMbhA hotA hai ki vaha pApa karma ko bhI dharma se sambaddha karatA hai - pApa kAja kari dhana kau cAhai, dharma viSai maiM batAvai chai / " isalie manarAma to sIdhA kaha dete haiM - 'cetana iha dhara nAhIM terau ' / mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI tUne ise apanA ghara mAnA hai| sadguru ke vacana rUpI dIpaka kA prakAza milane para yaha terA Ana-aMdhakAra Ane Apa dhvasta ho jAyegA / 65 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa AtmajJAna kI prApti ke lie cetana ko sambodhate hue kahate haiM - re mUDha, AtmA ko pahicAna / vaha jJAna meM haiM aura dhyAna meM hai| na vaha maratA hai aura na utpanna hotA hai, na rAva hai na raMka / vaha to jJAna nidhAna hai| AtmaprakAza karatA hai aura aSTa karmo kA nAza karatA hai / "suno rAya cidAnanda, tuma anaMta kAla se indriya sukha meM ramaNa kara rahe ho phira bhI tRpta nahIM hue / 67

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 271 sAdhaka Atmasambodhana ke mAdhyama se apane kRta karmoM para pazcAttApa karatA hai jise rahasya bhAvanA kI eka viziSTa sIr3hI kahI jA sakatI hai| usakI yahI mAnasika jAgarUkatA use sAdhanA-patha se vimukha nahIM hone detii| citta vizuddha ho jAne se sAMsArika Asakti kosoM dUra ho jAtI hai / phalataH vaha Atmacintana meM adhika saghanatA ke sAtha jUTa jAtA hai| 3. Atmacintana jaina darzana meM sapta tattvoM meM jIva athavA AtmA ko sarva pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| vahAM jIva ke do svarUpoM kA varNana milatA hai - saMsArI aura mukt| saMsAra kI bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM meM bhramaNa karane vAlA sakarma jIva saMsArI kahalAtA hai aura jaba vaha apane karmoM se vimukta ho jAtA hai to use mukta kahA jAtA hai| jIva kI ina donoM paryAyoM ko kramazaH AtmA aura paramAtmA bhI kahA gayA hai| sAmAnyataH jIva ke lie cidAnanda, cetana, alakSa, jIva, samayasAra, buddharUpa, abaddha, upayogI, cidrUpa, svayaMbhU, cinmUrti, dharmavanta, prANavanta, prANI, jantu, bhUta, bhavabhogI, guNadhArI, kulAdhArI, bheSadhArI, aMgadhArI, saMgadhArI, yogadhArI, yogI, cinmaya, akhaNDa, haMsa, akSara, AtmarAma, karma kartA, paramaviyogI Adi nAmoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai aura paramAtmA ke lie paramapuruSa, paramezvara, paramajyoti, parabrahma, pUrNa, parama, pradhAna, anAdi, ananta, avyakta, avinAzI, aja, nirdvanda, mukta, mukunda, amlAna, nirAbAdha, nigama, niraMjana, nirvikAra, nirAkAra, saMsAra-ziromaNi, sujJAna, sarvadarzI, sarvajJa, siddha, svAmI ziva, dhanI, nAtha, Iza, jagadIza, bhagavAna Adi nAma diye jAte haiN|68

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272 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vyavahArataH vaha jIva hai aura nizcaya naya se vaha ziva rUpa hai| jIva ziva kI pUjA karatA hai aura bAda meM ziva rUpa ko prApta karatA hai| kavi ne yahAM nirguNa aura saguNa donoM bhakti dhArAoM ko ekatva meM samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jIva ziva rUpa jinendra kI pUjA sAdhya kI prApti ke lie karatA hai| banArasIdAsa ne apanI prakhara pratibhA se usI ziva ko siddha meM prasthApita kara diyA hai / tanamaMDapa rUpa vedI hai usa para zubhalezyA rUpa saphedI hai| Atma ruci rUpa kuNDalI banI hai, sadguru kI vANI jalalaharI hai usake saguNa svarUpa kI pUjA hotI hai| samarasa rUpa jala kA abhiSeka hotA hai, upazama rUpa rasa kA candana ghisa jAtA hai, sahajAnanda rUpa puSpa kI utpatti hotI hai, guNa garbhita 'jayamAla' car3hAyI hAtI hai| jJAna-dIpa kI zikhA prajjvalita ho uThatI hai, syAdvAda kA ghaMTA jhaMkAratA hai, agama adhyAtma cavara DulAte haiM, kSAyaka rUpa dhUpa kA dahana hotA hai| dAna kI artha-vidhi, sahajazIla guNa kA akSata, tapa kA nevaja, vimalabhAva kA phala Age rakhakara jIva ziva kI pUjA karatA hai aura pravINa sAdhaka phalataH zivasvarUpa ho jAtA hai| jinendra kI karuNArasa meM pagI vANI surasaritA hai, sumati ardhAginI gaurI hai, triguNabheda nayana vizeSa hai, vimalabhAva samakita zazi-lekhA hai| suguru -zikSA ura meM baMdhe zrRMga haiN| naya vyavahAra kaMdhe para rakhA vAghAmbara hai| vivekabaila, zakti vibhUti aMgacchavi hai| trigupti trizUla hai, kaMTha meM vibhAvarUpa viSaya viSa haiM, mahAdigambara yogI bheSa hai, brahma samAdhichapana ghara hai anAhada-rUpa DamarU bajatA hai, paMca-bheda zubhajJAna hai aura gyAraha pratimAyeM gyAraha rudra haiN| yaha ziva maMgala kAraNa hone se mokSapatha dene vAlA hai| isI ko zaMkara kahA gayA hai, yahI Azraya nidhi svAmI, sarvajaga antaryAmI aura AdinAtha haiN| tribhuvanoM kA tyAga kara zivavAsI hone se tripura haraNa khlaaye| aSTa karmo se akele saMgharSa

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273 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva karane ke kAraNa mahArudra hue| manokAmanA kA dahana karane se kAmadahana kartA hue| saMsArI unhIM ko mahAdeva, zaMbhu, mohahArI hara Adi nAma se pukArate haiN| yahI zivarUpa zuddhAtmA siddha, nitya aura nirvikAra hai, utkRSTa sukha kA sthAna hai| sAhajika zAnti se sarvAMga sundara hai, nirdoSa hai, pUrNa jJAnI hai, virodharahita hai, anAdi anaMta hai isalie jagataziromaNi haiM, sArA jagata unakI jaya ke gIta gAtA hai - avinAsI avikAra paramarasadhAma hai / samAdhAna sarvajJa sahaja abhirAma hai| suddha buddha aviruddha anAdi ananta hai / jagata ziromani siddha sadA jayavaMta hai / / 4 / / nihAlacanda ne bhI siddha rUpa nirguNa brahma ko oMkAra rUpa mAnakara stuti kI hai| unheM vaha rUpa agama, agocara, alakha, paramezvara, paramajyoti svarUpa dikhA - 'Adi okAra Apa paramesara parama joti' agama agocara alakha rUpa gayauM hai| yaha oMkAra rUpa siddhoM ko siddhi, santoM ko Rddhi, mahantoM ko mahimA, yogiyoM ko yoga, devoM aura muniyoM ko mukti tathA bhogiyoM ko bhukti pradAna karatA hai| yaha cintAmaNi aura kalpavRkSa ke samAna hai| isake samAna aura koI bhI dUsarA mantra nahIM - siddhana ko siddhi, Rddhi dehi saMtana ko, mahimA mahantana ko dena dina mAhI hai, jogI kau jugati hUM, mukati deva, munina kU, bhogI kuM bhugati gati matiuna pAMhI hai /

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274 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA cintAmana ratana, kalpavRkSa, kAmadhUna, sukha ke samAna saba yAkI parachAMhI hai, kahaiM muni harSacanda nirSadeyajJAna dRSTi UMkAra, ___ maMtra sama aura mantra nAhI haiM / / banArasIdAsa aura tulasIdAsa samakAlIna haiN| kahA jAtA hai, tulasIdAsa ne banArasIdAsa ko apanI rAmAyaNa bheMTa kI aura samIkSA karane kA nivedana kiyaa| dUsarI bAra jaba donoM santa mile to banArasIdAsa ne kahA ki unhoMne rAmAyaNa ko adhyAtma rUpa meM dekhA hai| unhoMne rAma ko AtmA ke artha meM likhA hai aura usakI samUcI vyAkhyA kara dI hai| AtmA hamAre zarIra meM vidyamAna haiM adhyAtmavAdI athavA rahasyavAdI isa tathya ko samajhatA hai| mithyAdRSTi use svIkAra nahIM krtaa| AtmA rAma hai, usakA jJAna guNa lakSmaNa hai, sItA sumati hai zubhopayoga vAnara dala hai, viveka raNakSetra hai, dhyAna dhanuSa TaMkAra hai jisakI AvAja sunakara hI viSayabhogAdika bhAga jAte haiM, mithyAtama rUpI laMkA bhasma ho jAtI hai, dhAraNA rUpI Aga uga jAtI hai, ajJAna bhAva rUpa rAkSasakula usameM jala jAte haiM, nikAMkSita rUpa yoddhA lar3ate hai, rAgadveSa rUpa senApati jUjhate haiM, saMzaya kA gar3ha cakanAcUra ho jAtA hai, bhavavibhrama kA kumbhakaraNa vilakhane lagatA hai mana kA darayAva pulakita ho uThatA hai, mahirAvaNa thaka jAtA hai| samabhAva kA setu baMdha jAtA hai, durAzA kI maMdodarI mUrchita ho jAtI hai, caraNa (caritra) kA hanumAna jAgrata ho jAtA hai, caturgati kI senA ghaTa jAtI hai, chapaka guNake bANa chUTane lagate haiM, Atmazakti ke cakra sudarzana ko dekhakara dIna vibhISaNa kA udaya ho jAtA hai aura rAvaNa kA sirahIna jIvita

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 275 kabaMdha mahI para girane lagatA hai| isa prakAra sahajabhAva kA saMgrAma hotA hai aura antarAtmA zuddha bana jAtA hai| banArasIdAsa ne anta meM yaha niSkarSa diyA ki rAmAyaNa vyavahAra duSTi hai aura rAma nizcaya dRsstti| ye donoM samyak zrutajJAna ke avayava haiM - virAjai rAmAyaNa ghaTa mAhiM / / maramI hoya marama so jAnaiM, mUrakha mAnai nAhiM / / virAjai AmAyaNa ||ttek|| Atama 'rAma' jJAna guna lachamana 'sItA' sugati smet| zubhopayoga 'vAnaradala' maMDita, vara viveka raNakheta' / / 2 / / dhyAna dhanuSa TaMkAra zora suni, gaI viSayaditi bhaag| bhaI bhasama mithyAmata laMkA, uThI dhAraNA aag||3|| jare ajJAna bhAva rAkSasakula lare nikAMdita suur| jUjhe rAgadveSa senApati saMsai gaDha ckcuur||4|| valakhata 'kuMbhakaraNa' bhavavibhrama, pulakita mndryaav| thakita udAra vIra mahirAvaNa' setubaMdha smbhaav||5|| mirchita 'madodarI' durAzA, jaga carana hnumaan'| ghaTI caturgati paraNati 'senA' chuTe chapakaguNa 'bAna' / / 6 / / nirakhi sakatiguna cakrasudarzana udaya vibhISaNa diin| phirai kabaMdha mahI rAvaNa kI prANabhAva shirhiin|| iha vidhi sakala sAdhu ghaTa aMtara, hoya sahaja sNgraam| yaha vivahAradRSTi 'rAmAyaNa' kevala nizcaya 'rAma' / / virAjai raamaaynn|| cetana lakSaNa rUpa AtmA kI tIna avasthAyeM hotI haiM - visa

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276 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bahirAtmA antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| jo zarIra aura AtmA ko abhinna mAnate haiM vaha bahirAtmA hai| usI ko mithyAdRSTi bhI kahA gayA hai / vaha vidhiniSedha se anabhijJa hotA hai aura viSayoM meM lIna rahatA hai| jo bheda vijJAna se zarIra aura AtmA ko bhinna-bhinna mAnatA hai vaha antarAtmA hai| isI ko samyak dRSTi kahA gayA hai| banArasIdAsa ne inhIM ko kramazaH adhama, madhyama aura paMDita kahA hai| jinavANI para zraddhA karane vAlA, bhrama saMzaya ko karane vAlA, samakitavAn asaMyamI, jaghanya athavA adhama, antarAtmA hai| vairAgI tyAgI, indriyadaMbhI, svaparavivekI aura dezasaMyamI jIva madhyama antarAtmA hai| tathA sAtaveM se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka kI zreNI ko dhAraNa karane vAle zuddhopayogI AtmadhyAnI nisparigrahI jIva uttama athavA paMDita antarAtmA hai| jo saMyoga guNasthAna para car3hakara kevalajJAna prApta karatA hai vaha paramAtmA hai| isake do bheda haiM - sakala (sazarIrI) aura nikala (ashriirii)| inhIM ko kramazaH arhanta aura siddha kahA gayA hai| trividhisakala tanuthara gata Atama, bahirAtama dhuri bheda / bIjo aMtara-Atama, tisaro paramAtama avicheda / / Atama buddhi kAyAdika grahayo, bahirAtama agharUpa / kAyAdika no sAMkhIdhara rahayo, AMtara Atama rUpa / / jJAnAnaMda ho pUraNa pAvano varajita sakala upAdha / atIndriya guNagaNamaNiAgaru ima paramAtama sAdha / / bahirAtama taji aMtara Atama rUpa thaI thira bhaav| paramAtama yU~ ho AtamabhAvakaM Atama arapaNa daav||

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277 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva AtmA eka sthiti para pahuMcakara saguNaaura bAda meM nirguNa rUpa ho jAtA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsane usakI ina donoM avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai|" AcArya yogIndu ne inhIM ko kramazaH sakala aura nikala kI saMjJA dI hai|" sakala kA artha hai arhanta aura nikala kA artha hai siddha / eka sAkAra hai aura dUsarA nirAkAra / " arhanta ke cAra ghAtiyA karma naSTa ho jAte haiM aura zeSa cAra aghAtiyA karmoM ke naSTa hone taka saMsAra meM sazarIra rahanA par3atA hai| para arhanta AThoM karmoM kA nAza kara cukate haiM aura siddha avasthA prApta kara lete haiN| unhIM ko saguNa aura nirguNa brahma bhI kahA gayA hai| hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne donoM kI bar3e bhaktibhAva se stuti kI hai| unhoMne siddha ko hI brahma kahA hai| darzana se unheM cAroM ora phailA basanta dekhane milA hai / ' 88 hIrAnanda mukIma ne AtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa ko alakha agocara batAyA tathA Atmatattva ke anupama rUpa ko prApta karane kA upadeza diyaa|" isakA pUrNa paricaya pAye binA japa tapa Adi saba kucha vyartha hai usI taraha jaise kaNoM ke binA tuSoM kA phaTakanA nirarthaka rahatA hai | dhAnya virahita kheta meM bAr3hI lagAne kA artha hI kyA hai ? AtmA vizuddha svarUpa nirvikAra, nizchala, nikala, nirmala jyortijJAna gamya aura jJAyaka hai|" vaha 'devani ko deva so to basai nija deha mAMjha, tAkau bhUla sevata adeva deva mAnikai' ke kAraNa saMsAra bhramaNa karatA hai / 91 4. AtmA-paramAtmA jaisA ki hama vigata pRSThoM meM kaha cuke haiM, AtmA kI vizuddhatama avasthA paramAtmA kahalAtI hai| isa para bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne cetana karma caritra meM jIva ke samUce tattvoM ke rUpa meM vivAda prakAza DAlA hai / eka

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA anya sthAna para bhI kavi ne zuddha cetana ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA hai| uha eka hI brahma hai jisake asaMkhya pradeza haiM, ananta guNa hai, cetana hai, ananta darzana-jJAna, sukha- - vIryavAna hai, siddha hai, ajara-amara hai, nirvikAra hai / isI ko paramAtmA kahA gayA haiM / usakA svabhAva jJAna darzana hai aura rAga-dveSa, mohAdi vibhAva Atma paraNatiyA~ hai / " ziva, brahma aura siddha ko eka mAnA hai| brahma aura brahmA meM bhI ekarUpatA sthApita kI hai| jaise brahmA ke cAra mukha hote haiM, vaise brahma ke bhI cAra mukha hote haiM - AMkha, nAka, rasanA aura zravaNa / hRdaya rUpI kamala para baiThakara yaha vividha pariNAma karatA rahatA hai para AtamarAma brahma karma kA kartA nhiiN| vaha nirvikAra hotA hai| " anantaguNI hotA hai| " AtmA aura paramAtmA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM / antara mAtra itanA hai ki moha mela dRr3ha lagi rahyo tAtaiM sUjhe nAhi / " zuddhAtmA ko hI paramezvara paramaguru paramajyoti, jagadIza aura parama kahA hai| " 97 278 5. AtmA aura pudgala pudgala rUpa karmoM ke kAraNa AtmA (cetana) kI mUla jJAnAdika zaktiyA~ dhUmila ho jAtI haiM aura phalataH use saMsAra meM janma maraNa karanA par3atA hai| yaha usakA vyAvahArika svarUpa hai| sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa aura zabda prakAza dhUpa, cAMdanI, chAyA, adhaMkAra, zarIra, bhASA, mana zvAsocchavAsa tathA kAma, krodha, mAna-mAyA, lobha Adi jo bhI indriya aura manogocara haiM ve sabhI paudgalika haiM deha bhI paudgalika hai / mana meM isa prakAra kA vicAra sAdhaka ko bhedavijJAna ho jAne para mAlUma par3ane lagatA hai aura vahI bahirAtmA, antarAtmA bana jAtA hai| antarAtmA sAMsArika bhogoM ko tuccha samajhane lagatA hai aura apanI antarAtmA ko vizuddhAvasthA prApta karAne kA prayatna karatA hai /

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 279 antarAtmA vicAratA hai ki AtmA aura pudgala vastutaH bhinnabhinna haiM para paraspara sambandha bane rahane ke kAraNa vyavahArataH unheM eka kaha diyA jAtA hai| AtmA aura karmoM kA sambandha anAdikAla se rahA hai| unakA yaha sambandha usI prakAra se hai jisa prakAra tila kA khali aura tela ke sAtha rahatA hai| jisaprakAra cumbaka lohe ko AkarSita karatA hai usI prakAra karma cetana ko apanI ora khIMcatA hai| cetana zarIra meM usI prakAra rahatA hai| jisa prakAra phala-phUla meM sugandha, dUdha meM dahI aura ghI, tathA kATha meM agni rahA karatI hai| sahaja zuddha cetana bhAva karma kI oTa meM rahatA hai aura dravya karma rUpa zarIra se baMdhA rahatA hai| banArasIdAsa ne eka udAharaNa dekara use spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| koThI meM dhAna rakhI hai, dhAna ke chilake ke andara dhAnya kaNa rakhA hai| yadi chilake ko dhoyA jAya to kaNa prApta ho jAyegA aura yadi koThI (miTTI kI) ko dhoyA jAya to kIcar3a bana jaayegii| yahA~ koThI ke rUpa meM nokarma makha haiM, dravya karma meM dhAnya hai, bhAvakarmamala ke rUpa meM chilakA (camI) haiM aura kaNa ke rUpa meM aSTa karmo se mukta bhagavAna hai| isa prakAra karma rUpa pudgala ko do bheda haiM - bhAva karma aura dravya krm| bhAva karma kI gati jJAnAdika hotI hai aura dravya karma nokarma rUpa zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| eka jJAna kA pariNamana hai aura dUsarA karma kA ghera hai| jJAnacakra antara meM rahatA hai para karmacakra pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai| cetana ke ye donoM bhAva kramazaH zukla pakSa aura kRSNa pakSa ke rUpa haiN| nija guNa-paryAya ke jJAnacakra kI bhUmikA rahatI hai aura para padArtho ke guNaparyAya meM karmacakra kAraNa rahatA hai| jJAnI sajaga samyag darzana yukta karmo kI nirjarA karane vAlA tathA deva-dharma guru kA anusaraNa karane vAlA hotA hai para karmacakra meM rahane vAlA ghanaghora nidrAlu, andhA tathA karmo kA bandha karane vAlA

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280 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA deva-dharma guru kI ora se vimukha hotA hai| karmavAn jIva mohI mithyAtvI, bheSadhArikoM ko guru mAnane vAlA, puNyavAn ko deva kahane vAlA tathA kula paramparAoM ko dharma batAne vAlA hotA hai, para jJAnI jIva vItarAgI niraMjana ko deva, unake vacanoM ko dharma aura sAdhu puruSa ko guru kahatA hai| karmabandha se bhrama bar3hatA hai aura bhrama se kisI bhI vastu kA spaSTataH bhAna nahIM ho paataa| moha kA upazama hote hI vibhAva paraNitiyA~ samApta hotI jAtI haiM tathA sumati kA udaya hotA hai| usI se samyak darzana-jJAna-cAritra kA prakAza AtA hai| ziva kI prApti ke lie sumati kI prApti hI mukhya upAya hai| AtmA kA yahI mUla rUpa hai - moha karma mama nAhIM nAhiM bhrama kUpa hai, zuddha cetanA siMdhu hamArI rUpa hai|02 jisa prakAra koI naTI vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajakara nATyazAlA meM parade kI oTa meM Akara jaba khar3I hotI hai to kisI ko dikhAI nahIM detI para jaba usake donoM ora ke parade alaga kara diye jAte haiM to darzaka use spaSTa rUpa se dekhane meM sakSama ho jAte haiN| vaise hI yaha jJAna kA samudrarUpa AtmA mithyAtva ke AvaraNa se DhaMkA thaa| usake dUra hote hI AtmA ne apanI mUla jJAyaka zakti prApta kara lI : jaise koU pAtura banAya vastra Amarana, Avati akhAre nisi ADau paTa krikaiN| duhUM aura dIvaTi saMvAri paTa dUri kIjai, sakala sabhA ke loga dekheM duSTi dhrikaiN|| taiMse gyAna sAgara mithyAti graMthi bhedi kari, umagyau prakaTa rahyo tihUM loka bhrikaiN||

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva aisA upadesa suni cAhie jagata jIva, zuddhatA saMbhAre jaga jAlasauM nisrikaiN|| 103 281 mithyAtva karma ke udaya se jIva adhyAtma aura rahasya sAdhanA kI ora unmukha nahIM ho paataa| vaha deha aura jIva ko abhinna mAnakara sArI bhautika sAdhanA karatA hai|" moha, mamatA, parigraha, viSaya bhoga Adi saMsAra ke kAraNoM ko dUra kara AtmajJAnI karma - nirjarA meM juTa jAtA hai| saMsArI kA mana tRSNA ke kAraNa dharma-rUpa aMkuza ko usI taraha hI svIkAra karatA jaise mahAmatta gajarAja aMkuza se bhI vaza meM nahIM ho paataa| isa mana ko vaza meM karane ke lie dhyAna-samAdhi aura sadguru kA upadeza upayogI hotA hai| kaMcana jisa prakAra kisI paristhiti meM apanA svabhAva nahIM chor3atA use pakAne ke bAda zuddha kara liyA jAtA hai| jaise hI AtmA kA mUla svabhAva jJAna naSTa nahIM ho sakatA, use bhedavijJAna ke mAdhyama se mohAdi ke AvaraNa ko dUra kara paramAtmapada prApta kara liyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra cetana aura pudgala, donoM pRthak haiM / pudgala (deha) karma kI paryAya hai aura cetana zuddha buddha rUpa hai| cetana aura pudgala ke isa aMtara ko bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bar3e sAhityika DhaMga se spaSTa kiyA hai| ina donoM meM vahI antara hai jo zarIra aura vastra meM hai / jisa prakAra zarIra vastra vahI ho sakatA aura vastra zarIra / lAla vastra pahinane se zarIra lAla nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra vastra jIrNa-zIrNa hone se zarIra jIrNa-zIrNa nahIM hotA usI taraha zarIra ke jIrNa-zIrNa hone se AtmA kA nivAsa rahatA hai| isI ko kavivara banArasIdAsa ne aneka udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA hai / 105 sone kI myAna meM rakhI huI lohe kI talavAra sone kI kahI jAtI hai parantu jaba vaha lohe kI talavAra sone kI myAna se alaga kI

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282 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jAtI hai taba bhI loga use lohe kI hI kahate haiN| isI prakAra ghI ke saMyoga se miTTI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahA jAtA hai parantu vaha ghar3A ghI rUpa nahIM hotA, usI taraha zarIra ke sambandha se jIva choTA, bar3A, kAlA, va gorA Adi aneka nAma pAtA hai parantu vaha zarIra ke samAna acetana nahIM ho jaataa| khAMDo kahiye kanakako, kanaka-myAna-saMyoga / nyArau nirakhata myAnasauM, loha kahaiM saba loga / / 7 / / jyauM ghaTa kahiye dhIva kau, ghaa ko rUpa na dhIva / tyauM varanAdika nAma sauM, jar3atA lahai na jIva / / 8 / / 16 kisanadAsa (17 vIM zatI) kI upadeza vAvanI meM jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA aura Ayukepala-pala chIjane kA mArmika citraNa huAhai - aMjali ke jala jyoM ghaTata palapala Ayu viSa se viSama vivisAuta viSa rasa ke| paMtha ko mukAma kahu bAya ko na gAma yaha, jaibo nija dhAma tAteM kIje kAma yaza ke| khAna sulatAna umarAva rAva rAna Ana, kisina ajAna jAna koU na rahI ske| sAMjha ru vihAna calyo jAta hai jihAna tAtai, hamahU~ nidAna mahimAna dina dasa ke / (DA0 hariprasAda gajAnana-gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena pR0 168-170) kavi banArasIdAsa ne hI moha mukta hone kI sthiti kA varNana nimna savaiye meM baDI mohakatA ke sAtha kiyA hai -

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 283 punya saMjoga jure ratha pAika, mAte mataMga turaMga tabele / mAni vibhau aMgayau sirabhAra, kiyo bisatAra parigraha le le / baMdha baDhAi karI thiti pUrana, anta cale uThi Apa akele / hAri hamAlakI poTalI DAri kai, aura divAla kI oTa hU~ khele / Atmacintana ke sandarbha meM sAdhaka AtmA ke mUla svarUpa para ukta prakAra se vicAra kara usake sAtha karmoM ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra karatA hai| isa vicAraNA se usaka Azrava-bandha kI prakriyA DhIlI par3a jAtI hai, rAgAdika bhAva zithila ho jAte hai tathA saMvara-nirjara kA mArga prazasta ho jAtA hai / 6. cittazuddhi 107 jaina rahasya sAdhanA meM citta zuddhi kA vizeSa mahattva hai| usake binA kisI bhI kriyA kA koI upayoga nahIM / samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI prApti ke lie antaH kAraNa kA zuddha honA Avazyaka hai| jo bAhyaliMga se yukta hai kintu abhyantara liMga se rahita hai vaha phalataH Atmapatha se bhraSTa aura mokSa patha kA vinAzaka hai| kyoMki bhAva hI prathama liMga hai, dravyaliMga kabhI bhI paramArtha prApti meM kAraNabhUta nahIM hotA / zuddha bhAva hI guNa-doSa kA kAraNa hotA hai|" bAhya kriyA meM Atmahita nahIM hotA / isalie usakI gaNanA bandha paddhati meM kI gaI hai / vaha mahAduHkhadAyI hai| yogIndumuni aura munirAmasiMha jaise rahasya sAdhakoM ne kabIra se pUrva bAhya kriyAyeM karane vAle yogiyoM ko phaTakArA hai aura apanI AtmA ko dhokhA dene vAle kahA hai / citta zuddhi ke binA mokSa kadApi prApta nahIM ho sakatA / 109 banArasIdAsa ne bhI yahI kahA ki yadi sva-para viveka jAgrata nahIM huA to sArI kriyAyeM Atmazuddhi binA mithyA hai, nirarthaka hai| 110

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284 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI Atma zuddhi ke pakSapAtI the|" pAMDe hemarAja ne isI taraha kahA ki zuddhAtma kA anubhava kiye binA tIrtha sthAna, zira muMDana, tapa-tApana Adi saba kucha vyartha hai - ''zuddhAtama anubhau binA kyoM pAvai sivaSeta''11 vahI mokSa mArga kA vizeSa sAdhana hai - bhAva binA dravya nAhi, dravya binA loka nAhiM, loka binA zUnya saba mUla bhUta bhAva hai| 13 zuddha bhAva kI prApti ho jAne para para padArtho se aruci ho jAtI hai, saMzayAdika doSa dUra ho jAte haiM, vidhi niSedha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, rAgAdika vAsanA dUra hokara nirveda bhAva jAgrata ho jAtA hai| isalie zuddhabhAva aura AtmajJAna ke binA kiyA gayA mithyA dRSTi kA karor3oM janmoM kA bAlatapa utane karmoM kA vinAza nahIM kara pAtA jitanA samyagjJAnI jIva kSaNa mAtra meM kara ddaaltaa| isalie kavi daulatarAma zuddha bhAva mAhAtmya ko samajhakara kaha uThate haiM - mere kaba hai vA dina kI sudharI / tana bina vasana asana bina vana meM nivasau nAsa dRSTi gharI / / puNya pApa parasoM kaba viracoM, paracoM nijavidhi cira-bikharI / taja upAdhi, saja sahaja samAdhi sahoM dhAma-hima megha jharI / / kaba thira-joga gharo aisoM mohi upala jAna mRgakhAja harI / dhyAna-kamAna tAna anubhavazara, chedoM kihi dina moha arii|| kaba tana kaMcana eka ganoM aru, mani jar3itAlaya zaila drii|| daulata sadaguru caranana seUM jo puravau Aza yahai kmaarii||15 bhAvazUnya bAhya kriyAoM kA niSedhakara sAdhaka antaraMga zuddhi kI ora agrasara hotA hai| vaha samajhAne lagatA hai ki apane Apako jAne

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 285 binA dehAzrita kriyAyeM karanA tathA-nirveda hue binA tapa karanA vyartha hai isalie daulatarAma kahate haiM ki yadi tU ziva pada prApta karanA cAhatA hai to nija bhAva ko jaano| 16 yaha cittavizuddhi AtmAlocana garbhita hotI hai| AtmAlocana ke binA sAdhaka AtmavikAsa kI ora saphalatApUrvaka paga nahIM bar3ha pAtA / AtmAlocana aura Atmazodhana paraspara guthe hue haiN| jaina kaviyoM ne ina donoM kSetroM meM sahajatA aura saralatApUrvaka Atma doSoM ko pragaTa kara cittavizuddhi kI ora kadama bar3hAye haiM - rUpacanda ko isa bAta kA pazcAttApa hai ki unhoMne apanA mAnusa janma vyartha kho diyA 'mAnusa janma vRthA tai khoyo' (hindI pada saMgraha, pada 46) / dyAnatarAya (dyAnata vilAsa, pada 21) / kavi cintA grasta hai ki use vairAgyabhAva kaba udita hogA - "mere mana kaba havai hai vairAga'' (dyAnata pada saMgraha, pada 241) yahI socate-socate ve kaha uThate haiM - 'duvidhA kaba jai hai yA mana kii'| kaba nijanAtha niraMjana sumirau taja sevA jana-jana kii| kaba ruci sau pIvai dRga cAtaka, dvandA akhaya pada dhana kii| kaba subha dhyAna dharauM samanA gahi, karUM na mamatA tana kI / kaba ghaTa antara rahe nirantara, dir3hatA suguru vacana kI / kaba sukha lhoM bheda paramAratha, miTai dhAnA dhana kii| kaba ghara khAMr3i hohuM ekAMkI, liye lAlasA bana kI / aisI dasA hoya kaba merI, hauM bali-bali vA dhana kI / / - (hindI pada, saMgraha, pada 80) daulatarAma "hama to kabahuM na nijaguna Aye'' kaha 'nija ghara nAhiM pichAnyau re' kaha uThate haiN| vidyAsAgara bhI "maiM to yA bhava yoMhi

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286 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA gamAyo" kahakara yahI bhAva vyakta karate haiN| ye bhAva sAdhaka kI AMtarika pavitratA se utpanna mArmika svara hai jinameM paramAtmA ke sAkSAtkAra kI gahana AzA jur3I huI hai jisake bala para vaha AdhyAtmika pragati ke sopAna car3hatA rahatA hai| __ isa prakAra jainadharma meM antaraMga kI vizuddhi para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai| isalie banArasIdAsa ne jJAnI aura ajJAnI kI sAdhanA ke phala meM antara dikhAte hue spaSTa kahA hai jAke citta jaisI dazA tAkI taisI dRSTi / paMDita bhava khaMDita kareM, mUDha banAve sRSTi / / 117 sva-para kA viveka bhedavijJAna kahalAtA hai| usakA prakAza AdikAla se lage hue jIva ke karma aura moha ke naSTa ho jAne para hotA hai| samyagdRSTi hI bhedavijJAnI hotA hai| use bhedavijJAna sAMsArika padArtho se aise pRthak kara detA hai jaise agni svarNa ko kiTikA Adi se bhinna kara detI hai| rUpacanda isI ko suprabhAta kahate haiM - "prabhu mokauM aba suprabhAta bhayo" vaha mithyAbhrama, mohanidrA, krodhAdika kaSAya, kAmavikAra Adi naSTa hone para prApta hotA hai| yahI mokSa kA kAraNa 7. bhedavijJAna bhedavijJAna hone para cetana ko svAnubhava hone lagatA hai anya pakSa ke sthAna para anekAnta kI kiraNa prasphuTita ho jAtI hai, Ananda kanda amanda mUrti meM mana ramaNa karane lagatA hai| isalie bhedavijJAna kI 'hiye kI AkheM' kahA gayA hai jisake prApta hone para amRtarasa barasane lagatA hai aura paramArtha spaSTa dikhAI dene lagatA hai| jaise koI vyakti

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 287 dhobI ke ghara jAkara dUsare ke kapar3e pahana letA hai aura yadi isa bIca una kapar3oM kA svAmI Akara kahatA hai ki ye kapar3e mere haiM to vaha manuSya apane vastra kA cinha dekhakara tyAga buddhi karatA hai, usI prakAra yaha karma saMyogI jIva parigraha ke mamatva se vibhAva meM rahatA hai arthAt zarIrAdi ko apanA mAnatA hai| parantu bhedavijJAna hone para jaba sva-para kA viveka ho jAtA hai to vaha rAgAdi bhAvoM se bhinna apane svasvabhAva ko grahaNa karatA hai| jisa prakAra ArA kASTha ke do khaNDa kara detA hai, athavA jisa prakAra rAjahaMsa kSIra-nArI kA pRthakkaraNa kara detA hai usI prakAra bhedavijJAna apanI bhedana-zakti se jIva aura pudgala ko judAjudA karatA hai| pazcAt yaha bhedavijJAna unnati karate-karate avadhijJAna manaHparyayajJAna aura paramAvadhijJAna kI avasthA ko prApta hotA hai aura isa rIti se vRddhi karake pUrNa svarUpa kA prakAza arthAt kevalajJAna svarUpa ho jAtA hai| jisameM loka-aloka ke sampUrNa padArtha pratibimbita hote haiM - jaiseM karavata eka kATha bIca khaNDa kare, jaise rAjahaMsa nikhArai dUdha jlkauN| taisaiM bhedagyAna nija bhedaka sakatisetI, bhinna-bhinna karai cidAnanda pudgala kau||123 zuddha, svatantra, ekarUpa, nirAbAdha bhedavijJAna rUpa tIkSNa karauMta antaHkaraNa meM praveza kara svabhAva-vibhAva aura jar3a cetana ko pRthak-pRthak kara detA hai / vaha bheda-vijJAna jinake hRdaya meM utpanna hotA haiM unheM zarIra Adi para vastu kA Azraya nahIM suhaataa| ve AtmAnubhava karake hI prasanna hote haiM aura paramAtmA kA svarUpa pahacAnate haiN| isalie bhedavijJAna ko saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| 25 bhedavijJAna ke binA zubha-azubha kI sArI kriyAyeM bhAgavad bhakti, bAhyatapa Adi saba kucha nirarthaka hai| 26

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288 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhedavijJAna apanI jJAna zakti se dravya karma bhAvakarma ko naSTa kara mohAndhakAra ko dUra kara kevalajJAna kI jyoti prApti karatA hai| karma aura nokarma se na chipa sakane yogya ananta zakti prakaTa hotI hai jisase vaha sIdhA mokSa prApta karatA hai - jaisau koU manuSya ajAna mahAbalavAna, khodi mUla vRccha ko ukhArai gahi bAhU sauN| taisaiM matimAna darva karma bhAvakarma tyAgi, rahai atIta mati gyAna kI dazAhU sauN| yAhI kriyA anusAra miTai moha andhakAra, jagai joti kevala pradhAna savitAhU sauN| cukai na sukatIsoM lukaiM na pudgala mAMhi, dhukai mokha thalako ruke na phira kAhU sauN||127 bhedavijJAna ko hI Atmopalabdhi kahA gayA hai| isI se cidAnanda apane sahaja svabhAva ko prApta kara letA hai| pItAmbara ne jJAnavAvanI meM isI tathya ko kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se bahuta spaSTa kiyA hai| banArasIdAsa ne isI ko kAmanAzinI puNyapApatApaharanI, rAmaramaNI, vivekasiMhacaranI, sahaja rUpA, jagamAtA rUpa sumatidevI kahA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne "jaiso zivakheta tesau deha meM virAjamAna, aisA lakhi samuti svabhAva meM pagAte haiN|'' kahakara "jJAna binA bera-bera kriyA karI phera-phera, kiyo koU kAraja na Atama jatana ko'' kahA haiN| kavi ko catana jaba anAdikAla se lage mohAdika ko naSTa kara anantajJAna zakti ko pA jAtA hai to kaha uThatA hai -

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva "dekhI merI sakhiye Aja cetana ghara Avai / kAla anAdi phirayo paravaza hI aba nija sudhahi citaavai|| 289 ,,132 bhedavijJAna rUpI taruvara jaise hI samyaktvarUpI dharatI para UMgatA hai vaise hI usameM samyagdarzana kI majabUta zAkhAyeM A jAtI haiM, cAritra kA dala lahalahA jAtA hai, guNa kI maMjarI laga jAtI hai, yaza svabhAvataH cAroM dizAoM meM phaila jAtA hai| dayA, vatsalatA, sujanatA, AtmanindA, samatA, bhakti, virAga, dharmarAga, manaprabhAvanA, tyAga, dhairya, harSa, pravINatA Adi aneka guNa guNamaMjarI meM guMthe rahate haiN| " kavi bhUdharadAsa ko bhedavijJAna ho jAne para Azcarya hotA hai ki hara AtmA meM jaba anantajJAnAdika zaktiyAM haiM to saMsArI jIva ko yaha bAta samajha meM kyoM nahIM aatii| isalie ve kahate haiM - 134 pAnI vina mIna pyAsI, mohe raha-raha Avai hAMsI re / / dyAnatarAya AtmA ko sambodhate hue svayaM AtmaramaNa kI ora jhuka jAte haiM aura unheM AtmavizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki 'aba hama amara bhaye na mreNge|' bhedavijJAna ke dvArA unakA svapara viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai aura ve AtmAnubhUtipUrvaka cintana karate haiM / aba unheM carmacakSuoM kI bhI AvazyakatA nhiiN| aba to mAtra AtmA kI anantazakti kI ora unakA dhyAna hai| sabhI vaivAhika bhAva naSTa ho cuke haiM aura AtmAnubhava karake saMsAra-duHkha se chUTe jA rahe haiM - hama lAge AtamarAma sauM / vinAzIka pudgala kI chAyA, kauna ramai dhana-dhAna sauM / samatA sukha ghaTa meM paragArayo, kauna kAja mai kAma sauM / duvidhAbhava jalAMjali dInoM, mela bhayau nija svAma sauM /

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290 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhedajJAna kari nija-para dekhyau, kauna vilaukai cAma sauN| urai-parai kI bAta na bhAvai, lau lAgI guNa-grAma sauM / / vikalapa bhAva raMka saba bhAjai, jhari cetana abhirAma sauM / 'dyAnata' Atama anubhava karika, dUTebhava-dukha ghAma sauM / / 135 kavi chatrapati ne bhI bhedavijJAna ke mAhAtmya kA sundara varNana kiyA hai|136 svapara-viveka rUpa yaha bhedavijJAna sAdhaka ke mana meM saMsAra aura padArtha ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kara detA hai aura usase sambaddha rAgAdika vikAroM ko dUra karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| usake mana meM rahasya bhAvanA kI prApti aura usakI sAdhanA ke prati AtmavizvAsa bar3ha jAtA hai aura phalataH vaha ratnatraya kI prApti kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isameM jIvadayA dvArA hI sarvArthasiddhi kI prApti saMbhava batAI gaI hai| AgamagacchIya sAdhumeru ne apane puNyarAsa (saM. 1501) meM jIvadayA ko saba puNyoM kA sAra batAyA hai aura sAliga ne balabhadrabeli meM use samyaktva kA kAraNa batAyA hai - jIvadayAnI hiyau dharau buddhi, jIvadayA pAlau manazuddhi, jIvadayA lagai nirantara vRddhi, jIvadayA pAlii hui srvsiddhi| ima jIva dayA pratipAlau, sAcau samakita rayaNa ujAlau, samakita viNa kAja na sIjhai, sAliga kahai sudhau kIjai / (jaina gojara kAvya, bhAga 1 pR. 132, 134-135) 8. ratnatraya ratnatraya kA tAtparya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra

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291 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva kA samanvita rUpa hai| ina tInoM kI prApti hI mukti kA mArga hai| yaha mArga bhedavijJAna ke dvArA prApta hotA hai| bhedavijJAna ko hI samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai| samyagjJAnI vahI hai jise AtmA kA yathArtha jJAna ho, paramArtha se sahI prema ho, satyavAdI aura nirvirodhI ho, para padArthoM meM Asakti na ho, apane hI hRdaya meM Atma hita kI siddhi, Atmazakti kI Rddhi aura AtmaguNoM kI vRddhi pragaTa dikhatI ho tathA AtmIya sukha se AnaMdita ho|8 isI se AtmasvarUpa kI pahicAna hotI hai aura sAdhaka samajha letA hai - 'aba gyAna kalA jAgI bharama kI dRSTi bhAgI' apanI parAyI saba sauMja pahicAnI hai / 129 samyagjJAnI indiyajanita sukha-duHkha se abhiruci haTAkara zuddhAtmA kA anubhava karatA hai tathA darzana-jJAna-caritra ko grahaNa kara AtmA kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| jJAna rUpI dIpaka se usakA moha rUpI mahAndhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| usa dIpaka meM kiMcit bhI dhuMA nahIM rahatA, havA ke jhakoroM se bujhatA nahIM, eka kSaNa bhara meM karmapataMgoM ko jalA detA hai, battI kA bhoga nahIM, ghRta telAdi kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM, A~ca nahIM, rAga kI lAlimA nhiiN| usameM to samatA, samAdhi aura yoga prakAzita rahate haiM, niHzaMkita, nikAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUDhadRSTi, upagUhana, sthitikaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA ye ATha aMga jAgrata ho jAte haiN| kula jAti, rUpa, jJAna, dhana, tapa, prabhutA, ye ATha mada dUra ho jAte haiM, kuguru, kudeva, kudharma, kuguru sevaka, kudevasevaka aura kudharmasevaka, ye chaha anAyatana, kugurusevA, kudevasevA aura kudharmasevA ye tIna mUDhatAyeM samyaktvI ke dUra ho jAtI haiN|142

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292 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA . samyagjJAnI jIva, sadaiva Atmacintana meM lagA rahatA hai| use duniyAM ke anya kisI kArya se koI prayojana nahIM hotaa| AnaMdaghana ne eka acchA udAharaNa diyA hai jaise grAmavadhue~ pAMca-sAta saheliyAM milakara pAnI bharake ghara kI ora cliiN| rAste meM haMsatI iThalAtI calatI haiM para unakA dhyAna nirantara ghar3oM meM lagA rahatA hai| gAyeM bhI udara pUrti ke lie jaMgala jAtI haiM, ghAsa caratI haiM, cAroM dizAoM meM phiratI haiM, para unakA mana apane bachar3oM kI ora lagA rahatA hai| isI prakAra samyaktvI jIva kA bhI mana anya kAryoM kI ora lagA rahatA hai| isI prakAra samyaktvI kA bhI mana anya kAryoM kI ora jhukA rahane para bhI brahma-sAdhanA kI ora se vimukha nahIM hotaa| sAta pAMca sahelayA~ re hila-mila pANIr3e jAya / tAlI diye khala haMsa, vAkI surata gagaru aamaayN| udara bharaNa ke kAraNoM re gauvAM bana meM jAya / cAroM careM cahuM disi phireM, vAkIsurata bacharUA mAyaM / / 3 ajJAta kavi kRta mAtRkA bAvanI meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki samyaktva ke binA sabhI kriyAyeM vaise hI kAphUra ho jAtI hai jaise garma tave para par3I jala kI bUMdeM kSaNa bhara meM chanachanA kara lupta ho jAtI haiN| isakA antima padya dekhiye : ehu vicAru hiyai jo dharai, sUdhauM dhammu vicAriu karai / suhaguru tathA calaNa sevaMti, te nara siddhi sukkhu pAvaMti jai saMsAru taraveu karau, sataguru taNA vayaNa osarahu / jai saMsAraha karisau chehu, suddhaM dhammu vicAriu lehu / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne samyaktva ko sugati kA dAtA aura durgati

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rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 144 kA vinAzaka kahA hai| chatrapati kI dRSTi meM jisa prakAra vRkSa kI jar3a aura mahala kI nIMca hotI hai vaise hI samyaktva dharma kA Adi aura mUla rUpa hai| usake binA prazamabhAva, zrutajJAna, vrata, tapa, vyavahAra Adi saba kucha bhale hI hotA rahe para unakA sambandha AtmA se na ho, to ve vyartha rahatI haiM, isa prakAra samyaktva ke binA bhI sabhI kriyAyeM sArahIna hotI haiN| *5 145 293 bhUdharadAsa kA kavi samyaktva kI prApti se vaisA hI praphullita ho jAtA hai jaise koI rasika sAvana ke Ane se rasamagna ho uThatA hai / mithyAtvarUpI grISma vyatIta ho gayA, pAvasa bar3A suhAvanA lagane lgaa| AtmAnubhava kI dAmini damakane lagI, surati kI ghanI ghaTAyeM chAne lgiiN| vimala viveka rUpa papIhA bolane lage, sumati rUpa suhAgina mana ko ramane lagI, sAdhaka bhAva aMkurita ho gaye, harSavega A gayA, samarasa kA jala jharane lgaa| kavi apane ghara meM A gaye, phira bAhira jAne kI bAta unake mana se calI gayI - 'aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo ' / / bIti kurIti mithyAmati grISama pAvasa sahaja suhAyo / / aba / / 1 / / anubhava dAmini damakana lAgI, surati ghaTA dhana chAyauM / bAlai vimala viveka papIhA, sumati suhAgina pAyo | | aba ||2 // gurudhuna garaja sunata sukha upajai, mora sumata vihasAyoM / sAdhaka bhAva aMkUra uThe bahu, jita tita haraNa savAyo / / aba / / 3 / / bhUla bhUlakahi bhUla na sUjhata, samarasa jala jharalAyoM / bhUdhara ko nikasai aba bAhira, nija niracU ghara pAyo / / aba ||4|| 46 samyagdarzana ke sAtha jJAna aura cAritra kA bhI sambandha hai / zuddhajJAna ke sAtha zuddha caritra kA aMza rahatA hai| isase jJAnI jIva heya,

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA upAdeya ko sahI DhaMga se samajhAtA hai| usakA vairAgya paka jAtA hai, rAga, dveSa, moha se usakI nivRtti ho jAtI hai, pUrvopArjita karma nijIrNa ho jAte haiM aura vartamAna tathA bhaviSya meM unakA bandha nahIM hotA / jJAna aura vairAgya, donoM eka sAtha milakara hI mokSa ke kAraNa hote haiN| jaise kisI jaMgala meM dAvAnala lagane para laMgar3A manuSya aMdhe ke kaMdhe para car3he aura use rAstA batAtA jAye to ve donoM paraspara ke sahayoga se dAvAnala se baca jAte haiN| usI prakAra jJAna aura cAritra meM ekatA mukti prApta ke lie Avazyaka hai| jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa jAnatA hai aura cAritra AtmA meM sthira hotA hai| rUpacanda ne darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ina tInoM kA sAmudAyika rUpa hI sAdhya kI prApti meM kAraNa batAyA hai| darzana se vastu ke svarUpa ko dekhA jAtA hai, jJAna se use jAnA jAtA hai aura cAritra se usa para sthirIkaraNa hotA hai| dravyasaMgraha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| *" 147 148 294 149 mukti kA mArga samyagdarzana - jJAna - cAritra kI samanvita avasthA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti bhedavijJAna ke dvArA hotI hai / antaraMga aura bahiraMga sabhI prakAra ke parigrahoM se dUra rahakara pariSaha sahate hue tapa karane se paramapada prApta hotA hai|" sAdhaka AtmAnubhava karane para kahane lagatA hai - hama lAge AtamarAma so| usake AtmA meM samatA sukha pragaTa ho jAtA hai, duvidhAbhAva naSTa ho jAtA aura bhedavijJAna ke dvArA sva-para kA viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai| isalie dyAnatarAya kahane lagate 'Atama anubhava va karanA re bhAI' / bhedavijJAna jaba taka utpanna nahIM hotA taka taka janma-maraNa kA duHkha sahanA par3atA hai| siddhAnta granthoM kA adhyayana, vrata tapa, saMyama Adi AtmajJAna ke vinA nirarthaka hai| isalie kavi rAgAdika pariNAmoM ko tyAga kara samatA se lau lagAne kA saMkalpa karatA hai, kSapaka zreNI

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295 rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva car3hakara carita moha kA nAza karanA cAhatA hai, kramazaH ghAtiyAaghAtiyA karmo ko naSTa kara arhanta aura siddha avasthA prApta karane kI bAta karatA hai| usakI saMkalpa pUrti kI AturatA Atama jAno re bhAI' aura kabhI karakara Atama hita re prAnI' kaha uThatA hai| jaba bhedavijJAna ho jAne kA use vizvAsa ho jAtA hai to 'aba hama Atama ko pahicAnI', duharAkara 'mohi kaba aisA dina Aya hai' kaha jAtA hai| saMsAra kI svArthatA dekhakara use yaha bhI anubhava ho jAtA hai - duniyA matalaba kI garajI, aba mohe jAna pdd'ii|50 / / bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne rAga dveSa ko jItanA, krodha mAnAdika mAyA-lobha kaSAoM ko dUra karanA, mukti prApti ke lie Avazyaka batAyA hai| ve bhedavijJAna ko nijanidhi mAnate haiN| usako pAne vAlA brahmajJAnI hai aura vahI zivaloka kI nizAnI kahI gayI hai|152 vizvabhUSaNa ne anekAntavAda ke jAgate hI mamatA ke bhAga jAne kI bAta kahI aura usI ko mukti prApti kA mArga khaa|53 vaha usa yogI meM citta lagAnA cAhatA hai jisake samyaktva kI DorI se zIla ke kachoTA ko bAMdha rakhA hai| jJAna rUpI gUdar3I gale meM lapeTa lI hai| yoga rUpI Asana para baiThA hai| vaha Adi guru kA celA hai / moha ke kAma phar3avAye haiN| unameM zukla dhyAna kI banI mudrA bahatI hai / kSAyakarUpI siMgI usake pAsa hai jisameM karuNAnuyoga kA nAda nikalatA hai| vaha aSTa karmo ke upaloM kI dhunI ramAtA hai aura kI agni jalAtA hai upazama ke channe se chAnakara samyaktva rUpI jAla se mala-malakara nahAtA hai| isa prakAra vaha yoga rUpI siMhAsana para baiThakara mokSapurI jAtA hai| usane guru kI sevA kI hai jisase use phira kaliyuga meM na AnA pdd'e|54

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA isa prakAra jaina-sAdhaka rahasya - sAdhanA ke sAdhaka tattvoM para svAnubhUtipUrvaka calane kA upakrama karatA hai| vaha sadguru athavA svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama se saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA tathA anityazIlatA para gambhIra cintana kara zanaiH-zanaiH samyaktva ke sopAna para car3ha jAtA hai / sAdhanAtmaka rahasya bhAvanA kI pravRttiyoM ke janma tathA unakI sAMgopAMgatA para vicAra karane ke sAtha hI ina pravRttiyoM meM sahaja-yoga sAdhanA tathA samarasatA ke bhAva jAgrata hote haiN| sAdhaka inhIM bhAvanAoM ke AdhAra para svAtmA ke uttara vikAsa para pahuMcane kA mArga prazasta kara letA hai| 296 yaha smaraNIya hai ki jainAcAryo ne zrRMgAra ko rasarAja na mAnakara zAnta ko rasarAja mAnA hai| unakI dRSTi meM anirvacanIya Ananda kI yathArtha anubhUti rAgadveSAdika manovikAroM ke upazama hone para hI ho pAtI hai| AThoM rasoM ke sthAyI bhAva rAgadveSa se saMbaddha haiN| unase utpanna hone vAle Ananda meM vaha sthAyitva aura gaharApana nahIM hai jo zAntarasa meM pAyA jAtA hai| isalie banArasIdAsa ne 'navamoM sAnta rasanikau nAyaka kahakara rahasya sAdhanA meM usakI pratiSThA kI hai (nATaka samayasAra, 10.133) / sabhI jainAcAryoM ne rAgadveSoM se vimukha hokara vItarAga patha para bar3hane ko hI zAnti kahA hai| use prApta karane ke lie do hI upAya haiM - tattvacintana aura vItarAgiyoM kI bhakti / vItarAga bhakti se mana rAgadveSAdi vikAroM se haTakara Atmazodhana kI ora muDatA hai, pramAda pariSkRta hotA hai, nirmala AtmA kI anubhUti hotI hai aura kevalajJAna utpanna hone para anta meM pUrNa AtmAnubhUti ho jAtI hai /

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saptama parivarta rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ rahasya bhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattvoM ko dUrakara sAdhaka, sAdhaka tattvoM ko prApta karatA hai aura unameM ramaNa karate hue eka aisI sthiti ko prApta kara letA hai jaba usake mana meM saMsAra se vitRSNA aura vairAgya kA bhAva jAgrata ho jAtA hai| phalataH vaha sadguru kI preraNA se AtmA kI vizuddhAvasthA meM pahuMca jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kA AtmA paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie Atura ho uThatA hai aura usa sAkSAtkAra kI abhivyakti ke lie vaha rUpaka, AdhyAtmika vivAha, AdhyAtmika holI, phAgu Adi sAhityika vidhAoM kA avalambana khoja letA hai| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvyoM meM ina vidhAoM kA vizeSa upayoga huA hai| usameM sAdhanAtmaka aura bhAvanAtmaka donoM prakAra kI rahasya sAdhanAoM ke digdarzana hote haiN| sAdhanA kI cirantanatA, mArmikatA saMvedanazIlatA, svasaMvedanatA, bhedavijJAna Adi tattvoM ne sAdhaka ko niraMjana, nirAkAra, parama vItarAga Adi rUpoM meM page hue sAdhya ko prApta karane kA mArga prastuta kiyA hai aura cidAnanda caitanyamaya brahmAnanda rasa kA khUba pAna karAyA hai| sAtha hI paramAtmA ko alakha, agama, nirAkAra, adhyAtamagamya, parabrahma, jJAnamaya, cidrUpa, niraMjana, anakSara, azarIrI, gurugusAI, agUr3ha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kara use rahasyamaya banA diyA hai| dAmpatya mUlaka prema kA bhI sarala pravAha usakI abhivyakti ke nirjhara se jharatA huA

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298 hindI jaina sAhitya meM 'rahasyabhAvanA dikhAI detA hai / ina saba tattvoM ke milana se jaina-sAdhakoM kA rahasya parama rahasya bana jAtA hai / prastuta parivarta meM sAdhaka kA AtmA bahirAtmA se mukta hokara antarAtmA kI aura mur3atA hai / antarAtmA banane ke bAda tathA paramAtmapada prApti ke pUrva ina donoM avasthAoM ke bIca meM utpanna hone vAle svAbhAvika bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ko hI rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA nAma diyA gayA hai| ina pravRttiyoM meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne prapatti ( bhakti), sahaja yoga sAdhanA aura samarasatA tathA rahasya bhAvanA kA vizeSa rUpa se upayoga kiyA hai / hama Age inhIM tattvoM kA vivecana kreNge| 1. prapatta bhAvanA : rahasya bhAvanA meM sAdhaka paramAtmapada pAne ke lie aneka prakAra ke mArga apanAtA hai| jaba yoga sAdhanA kA mArga sAdhaka ko adhika durgama pratIta hotA hai to vaha prapatti kA sahArA letA hai| rahasya sAdhakoM ke lie yaha mArga adhika sugama hai| isalie sarvaprathama vaha isI mArga kA avalambana lekara kramazaH rahasya bhAvanA kI carama sImA para pahuMcatA hai / rahasya bhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda kI bhUmi cAra pramukha tattvoM se nirmita hotI hai - AstikatA, prema aura bhAvanA, guru kI pradhAnatA aura sahaja maarg| jaina sAdhakoM kI AstikatA para sandeha kI AvazyakatA nahIM / unhoMne tIrthaMkaroM ke saguNa aura nirguNa, donoM rUpoM ke prati apanI ananya bhakti-bhAvanA pradarzita kI hai| unakI bhagavad prema bhAvanA unheM prapanna bhakta banAkara prapatti ke mArga ko prazasta karatI hai /

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 'prapatti' kA tAtparya hai ananya zaraNAgata hone athavA AtmasamarpaNa karane kI bhAvanA / bhagavad gItA meM 'ziSyastehaM zAdhimAM tvaM prapannam " kahakara ise aura adhika spaSTa kara diyA hai| navadhA bhakti kA bhI mUla utsa prapatti hai| ataH hamane yahAM 'prapatti' zabda ko vizeSa rUpa se cunA hai| bhAgavatpurANa kI navadhA bhakti ke 9 lakSaNa mAne gaye haiM zravaNa, kIrttana, smaraNa, pAdasevana ( zaraNa) arcanA, vandanA dAsyabhAva, sakhyabhAva aura Atma nivedana / kavivara banArasIdAsa ne isameM kucha aMtara kiyA hai| ye tattva hInAdhika rUpa se saguNa aura nirguNa, donoM prakAra kI bhakti sAdhanAoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| bhakti ke sAdhanoM meM kRpA, rAgAtmaka sambandha, vairAgya jJAna aura satsaMga pramukha haiN| prapatti meM ina sAdhanoM kA upayoga hotA hai| pAMcarAtra lakSmI saMhitA meM prapatti kI SaDvidhAyeM dI gaI haiM - AnukUlya kA saMkalpa, prAtikUlya kA visarjana, saMrakSaNa, etadrUpa vizvAsa goptRtva rUpa meM varaNa, AtmanikSepa aura kArpaNya bhAva / prapattibhAva ke atirikta nArada bhaktisUtra meM sAdhya rUpA premAbhakti kI gyAraha AsaktiyAM batAyI haiM' guNamAhAtmyAsakti, rUpAsakti, dAsyAsakti, sakhyAsakti, pUjAsakti, smaraNasakti, kAntyAsakti, vAtsalyAsakti, AtmanivedanAsakti, tanmayAsakti, aura paramavirahAsakti / dAsyAsakti meM vinayabhAva kA samAveza hai / vinaya ke antargata dInatA mAnamarSatA, bhayadarzanA, bhartsanA, manorAjya aura vicAraNa ye sAta tattva Ate haiN| pazcAttApa, upAlambha Adi bhAva bhI prapatti mArga meM sammilita haiM / lagabhaga ye sabhI bhAva bhakti sAdhanA meM dRSTigocAra hote hai / - - 299 jaina sAdhanA meM bhakti kA sthAna mukti ke lie sopAnavat mAnA gayA hai| bhagavad bhakti kA tAtparya hai - apane iSTadeva meM anurAga

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300 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA krnaa| anurAga ke sAtha hI vinaya, sevA, upAsanA, stuti, zaraNagamana Adi kriyAyeM vikasita ho jAtI haiN| isa sandarbha meM paryupAsanA zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| upAsagadasAo meM paryupAsanA kA krama isa prakAra milatA hai - upagamana, abhigamana, AdakSiNA, pradakSiNA, vaMdaNa, namassaNa evaM pryupaasnaa| stavana, nAmasmaraNa, pUjA, sAmAyika Adi ke mAdhyama se bhI sAdhaka apanI bhakti pradarzita karatA huA sAdhanA ko vizuddhatara banAne meM juTA rahatA hai| hindI jaina kaviyoM ne ina sabhI prakAroM ko apanAkara bhakti kA mAhAtmya prasthApita kiyA hai| mahAtmA Anandaghana (saM. 1672-1740) udAra vicAroM ke jaina santa the| ve sAmpradAyika saMkucita bhAva se pare the| unake bhAva kabIra, dAdU, rajjava AdisantoM se milate-julate haiN| unakI Anandaghana bahattarI inhIM AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se otaprota racanA hai jisameM zAntarasa kA marmasparzI abhivyaMjana huA hai| isameM bhakti, vairAgya se prerita AdhyAtmika rUpaka antaryoti kA AvirbhAva aura preraNAmaya ullAsa kA bhAva vyakta huA hai| bhakti ke viSaya meM unakA yaha mArmika kathana ullekhanIya hai ki kucha kAma karate hue bhI sAdhaka kA mana bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM lagA rhe| gAya kahIM bhI caratI hai para usakA dhyAna apane bachaDe para lagA rahatA hai| akhaNDa satya meM aDiga vizvAsa hI bhakti kA lakSaNa hai cAhe phira use rAma, rahIma, mahAdeva yA mahAvIra kucha bhI kaheM, Age phira unake kAvya meM madhura bhAva aura prapatti kI sundara jhalaka nimna padyoM meM dRSTavya hai - Ama kaho, rahamAna kaho kou kAnha kaho mahAdeva rI, pArasanAtha kaho, koI brahma sakala brahma svayameva rI / bhAjanabheda kahAvata nAnA, eka mRttikA rUpa rI, taise khaNDa kalpanA ropita Apa-akhaNDa sarUpa rI /

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301 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ madhura bhAva aura prapatti kI sundara jhalaka ina paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai: maiM AI prabhu sarana tumhArI, lAgata nAhiM dhako / bhujana uThAya kahU~ aurana suM karahuM ja kara hI sako / vAre nAha saMga mero, yUM hI jIvana jAya e dina hasana khelana ke sajanI, rote raina vitAya aba mere pati gati deva niraMjana bhaTakU kahA~-kahA~ sira paTakU, kahA~ karuM jnrNjn| ye sabhI udAharaNa nirguNa bhaktoM kI adhyAtmavAdI avadhAraNA ke paryApta nikaTa dikhAI dete haiN| nAtha siddhoM kI taraha ve cetanA ko udbodhita karate hue kahate haiM - kyA sove uTha jAga bAu re / aMjali jala jyuM Ayu ghaTata hai, deta pahoriyA dhariya ghAu re / indra candra nAgendra munIMdra cala, koNa rAjApatisAha rAu re / bhamata bhamata jalanidhi pAyake, bhagavaMta bhajana bina bhAunAu re / kahA vilaMba kare aba bAu re, tarI bhava jalanidhi pAra pAu re / Anandaghana cetanamaya mUrati, zuddha niraMjana deva dhyAure / isI taraha kharataragacchIya udayarAja (saM. 1631-1676) ke vaidyavirahiNI prabandha meM virahajvara se pIDita nArI vrajarAja rUpI vaidyarAja ke pAsa jAtI hai aura apanA duHkha nivAraNa karAtI hai| yahAM kRSNa bhakti kAvya kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI paDatA hai - apane apane kaMta sUM rasavAsa rahiyA joi, udairAja una nAri kU, jame duhAga na hoi / jAM lagi giri sAyala acala, jAma acala dhUrAja, tAM raMga rAtA rahai, acala jor3i vrajarAja /

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302 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kavivara banArasIdAsa ne bhakti ke mAhAtmya ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki hamAre hRdaya meM bhagavAna kI aisI bhakti hai jo kabhI to subaddhi rUpa hokara kubuddhi ko miTAtI hai, kabhI nirmala jyoti hokara hRdaya meM prakAza DAlatI hai, kabhI dayAlu hokara citta ko dayAlu banAtI hai, kabhI anubhava kI pipAsA rUpa hokara netroM ko sthira karatI hai, kabhI AratI rUpa hokara prabhu ke sanmukha AtI hai, kabhI sundara vacanoM meM stotra bolatI hai| jaba jaisI avasthA hotI hai taba taisI kriyA karatI hai - kabahUM sumati hai kumatikI nivAsa karai, ___kabahU vimala joti antara jagati hai| kabahUM dayA hai cita karata dayAla rUpa, kabahUM sulAlasA hai locana lagati hai / / kabahUM AratI ke prabhu sanamukha Avai, kabahUM subhAratI vhai bAhari bagati hai / dharai dasA jesI taba karai rIti tesI aisI, __ hiradai hamArai bhagavaMta kI bhagati hai|" jaina sAdhanA ke kSetra meM dasa prakAra kI bhaktiyA~ prasiddha haiM - siddha bhakti, zruta bhakti, caritra bhakti, yogi bhakti, AcArya bhakti, paMcamahAguru bhakti, caitya bhakti, vIra bhakti, caturvizati tIrthaMkara bhakti aura samAdhi bhkti| inake atirikta nirvANa bhakti, naMdIzvara bhakti aura zAMti bhakti ko bhI isameM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| bhakti ke do rUpa haiM - nizcaya naya se kI gaI bhakti aura vyavahAra naya se kI gaI bhkti| nizcaya naya se kI gaI bhakti kA sambandha vItarAga samyagdRSTiyoM ke zuddha Atma tattva kI bhAvanA se hai aura vyavahAra naya se kI gaI bhakti kA sambandha sarAga samyagdRSTiyoM ke paMca parameSThiyoM kI

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 303 ArAdhanA se hai| vyavahAra meM upAsya ko karma, duHkhamocaka Adi banAkara bhakti kI jAtI hai para vaha antaraMga bhAvoM ke sApekSa hone para hI sArthaka mAnI gaI hai anyathA thiiN| navadhA bhakti Adi ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka nizcaya bhakti kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isI ko prapatti mArga kahA jAtA hai| uparyukta prapatti mArga ke pramukha tattvoM ke AdhAra para hama yahA~ madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM dvArA abhivyakta rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA saMkSipta avalokana kreNge| banArasIdAsa ne navadhA bhakti meM sarvaprathama zravaNa ko sthAna diyA hai| zravaNa kA tAtparya hai apane ArAdhya deva ke upadezoM kA samyak zravaNa karanA aura tadanukUla samyakjJAna pUrvaka AcaraNa krnaa| bhakta ke mana meM ArAdhya ke prati zraddhA aura prema bhAvanA kA atireka hotA hai| ataH mAtra usI ke upadeza Adi ko sunakara apane jIvana ko kRtArtha mAnA hai| vaha apane aMgoM kI sArthakatA ko tabhI svIkAra karatA haiM jabaki ve ArAdhya kI ora jhuke rheN| manarAma ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ko isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA hai - naina saphala niraSai ju niraMjana, sIsa saphala nami Isara jhAvahi / zravana saphala vihi sunata siddhAMtahi muSaja saphala japiya jina nAMvahi / hirdo saphala jihi dharmavase dhruva, karaja suphala punyahi prabhu pAvahi / carana saphala manarAma vahai gani, je paramAratha ke patha dhAvahi / / isI ko dyAnatarAya ne re jiya janama laho leha' kahakara caraNa, jihvA, zrotra Adi kI sArthakatA tabhI mAnI hai jaba ve sadguru kI vividha upAsanA meM juTe raheM -

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304 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhakta kavi ne apane ArAdhya kA guNa kIrtana karake apanI bhakti prakaTa kI hai| vaha ArAdhya meM asIma guNoM ko dekhatA hai para unheM abhivyakta karane meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa kaha uThatA hai - prabhu maiM kihi vidhi thuti karauM terI / gaNadhara kahata pAra nahiM pAvai, kahA buddhi hai merI / / zakra janama bhari sahasa jIbha dhari tuma jasa hota na pUrA / eka jIbha kese guNa gAvai uchU kahai kimi sUrA / / camara chatra siMhAsana baranauM, ye guNa tumate nyAre / tuma guNa kahana vacana bala nAhIM naina ginai kimi tAre / / " bhagavad guNa kIrtana se bhakta ko bhoga pada, rAja pada, jJAna pada, cakrI aura indra pada hI nahIM milate balki zAzvata pada bhI mila jAtA hai| isalie vinayaprabha upAdhyAya ne kahA hai - eha mAhappa tuma sayala jagi gjje|" unheM paramArAdhya bhagavad guNa kIrtana 'punya bhaMDAra bharesue, mAnava bhava saphala kare sue"kA kAraNa pratIta hotA hai| isa guNa kIrtana se manovAMchita phala kI prApti hotI hai - 'vAMchita phala bahu dAna dAtAra, sArada sAmiNa vInaSu aura bhavabaMdhana kSINa hotA hai - 'bhava baMdhana khINo samarasalINo, brahma jinadAsa pAya vNdnno|" bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa kI dRSTi meM ye guNa bhagavAna meM usI prakAra bhare haiM jaise zaradakAlIna sarovara meM nirmala jala bharA rahatA hai - Ahe nayana kamala dala sama kila komala bolai vANI / zaradara sarovara nirmala sakala akala guNa khAni / / " bhagavAn mahAvIra kalikAla ke samasta pApoM ko naSTa karane vAle haiN| unakA svarUpa nirvikAra, nizcala, nikala aura jJAnagamya hai jisane use jAna liyA use saMsAra meM aura kucha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jaatii|

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 305 kavivara dyAnatarAya ne pArzvanAtha stotra meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mahimA kA aneka prakAra se guNagAna kiyA hai - dukhI duHkhahartA sukhI sukkhakartA / sadA sevakoM ko mahAnanda bhartA / / hare yakSa rAkSasa bhUtaM pizAcaM / viSaMDAMkinI vighna ke bhaya avAcaM / / 3 / / daridrIna ko dravya ke dAna dIne / aputrIna ko tu bhale putra kIne / / mahAsaMkaToM se nikArai vidhAtA / sabe saMpadA sarva ko dehi dAtA // 4 // ___paM.rUpacandra prabhu kI ananta guNa garimA se prabhAvita hokara kaha uThate haiM - 'prabhu terI mahimA ko paavai| kavivara budhajana bhI prabhu terI mahimA varaNI na jAI' kahakara isI bhAva ko abhivyakta karate haiN| isIlie bhakta kavi bhAvavibhora hokara kaha uThate haiM - gaNadhara indra na kari sabai tuma vinatI bhgvaan| vinatI Apa nihArika kIjai Apa smaan| sAdhaka guNa ArAdhya kIrtana kara usake cintavana meM apane ko lIna kara lenA hai| usake nAma smaraNa se hI usakI sArI icchAyeM pUrNa ho jAtI hai| usake lie bhagavAna kAma ghaTa-devamaNi aura devatarU ke samAna lagate haiN| bhaTTAraka kumudacandra ne isI tathya ko 'nAma leta sahU pAtaka cUre' kahakara abhivyakta kiyA hai| municaritrasena neminAtha ke samAdhimaraNa kA smaraNa karane ke lie kahate haiM jisase antaHkaraNa kA samUcA viSa naSTa ho jAtA hai - 'nami samAdhi sumari jiya bisu naasi|3 prabhu kA smaraNa karake brahma rAyamalla kA mana atyaMta utsAhita hotA hai - 'tauha sumiraNa mana hoi uchAha to huA cha aru hoya jI sii|' isase aThAraha doSa dUra ho jAte haiM aura chayAlIsa guNa utpanna ho jAte haiN|" bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke lie prabhu kA nAmasmaraNa kalpavRkSa, kAmadhenu,

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306 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA cintAmaNi aura amRta-sA lagatA hai jo samasta duHkhoM ko naSTa karane vAlA aura sukha prApti kA kAraNa hai| dyAnatarAya prabhu ke nAmasmaraNa ke lie mana ko saceta karate haiM jo aghajAla ko naSTa karane meM kAraNa hotA hai re mana bhaja-bhaja dIna dayAla / / jAke nAma leta ika khina meM, kaTai koTi agha jAla / / 1 / / parabrahma paramezvara svAmI dekhata hota nihAla / sumaraNa karata parama sukha pAvata, sevata bhAjai kAla / / 1 / / indra phaNIndra cakradhara gAveM, jAko nAma rasAla / jAke nAma jJAna prakAsaiM, nAsai mithyAjAla / / 3 / / jAke nAma samAna nahIM kachu, Uradha madhya patAla / soI nAma japau nita dyAnata, chAMr3i viSai vikarAla / / 4 / / prabhu kA yaha nAmasmaraNa (citavana) bhakta taba taka karatA rahatA hai jaba taka vaha tanmaya nahIM ho jaataa| 'jainAcAryo ne smaraNa aura dhyAna ko paryAyavAcI kahA hai| smaraNa pahale to ruka-rukakara calatA hai, phira zanaiH zanaiH usameM ekAntatA AtI jAtI hai, aura vaha dhyAna kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / smaraNa meM jitanI adhika tallInatA bar3hatI jAyegI vaha utanA hI tadrUpa hotA jaayegaa| isase sAMsArika vibhUtiyoM kI prApti hotI avazya hai kintu hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne AdhyAtmika sukha ke lie hI bala diyA hai| prabhu ke samaraNa para to lagabhaga sabhI kaviyoM ne jora diyA hai kintu dhyAnavAcI smaraNa jaina kaviyoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai| isa prakAra ke dhyAna se bhakta kavi kA duvidhAbhAva samApta ho jAtA hai aura use harihara brahma purandara kI sArI nidhiyAM bhI

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307 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ tuccha lagatI hai| vaha samatA rasa kA pAna karane lagatA hai / samakita dAna meM usakI sArI dInatA calI jAtI hai aura prabhu ke guNAnubhava ke rasa ke Age aura kisI bhI vastu kA dhyAna nahIM rahatA - hama magana bhaye prabhu dhyAna meM visara gaI duvidhA tana mana kI, acirA suta guna gAna meM / / hari-hara-brahma-purantara kI ridhi, Avata nahiM kou mAna meM / cidAnanda kI mauja macI hai, samatA rasa ke pAna meM / / itane dina tUM nAhiM pichAnyo, janma gaMvAyo ajAna meM / aba to adhikArI hai baiThe, prabhu guna akhaya khajAna meM / / gaI dInatA sabhI hamArI, prabhu tujha samakita dAna meM / prabhu guna anubhava ke rasa Age, Avata nahiM koi dhyAna meM // 4 jagajIvana bhI prabhu ke dhyana ko bahuta kalyANakArI mAnate haiN|"dyaantraay arahanta deva kA smaraNa karane ke lie prerita karate haiN| ke khyAtilAbha pUjAdi chor3akara prabhu ke nikaTatara pahuMcanA cAhate haiN|" isI prakAra eka pada meM mana ko idhara-udhara na bhaTakAkara jina nAma ke smaraNa kI salAha dI hai kyoMki isa se saMsAra ke pAtaka kaTa jAte haiM - jina nAma sumari mana bAvare, kahA ita uta bhaTake / viSaya pragaTa viSa bela hai inameM mata aTake / / dyAnata uttama bhajana hai kIjai mana rttkaiN| bhava bhava ke pAtaka savai jaihe to kaTakaiM / / 1 bhakta kavi apane iSTadeva ke caraNoM meM baiThakara unakA upadeza sunatA hai phalataH usake rAga dveSadUra ho jAte haiM aura vaha sadaiva bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM rahakara unakI sevA karanA cAhatA hai| banArasIdAsa ne bhagavAna kI stuti karate hue unheM devoM kA deva kahA hai| unake caraNoM

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308 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kI sevA kara indrAdika deva bhI mukti prApta kara lete haiN| kavi aThAraha doSoM se mukta prabhu kI caraNa sevA karane kI AkAMkSA vyakta karatA hai - jagata meM sau devana kau deva / jAsu carana parasai indrAdika hoya mukata svameva / nahIM tana roga na zrama nahi cintA, doSa aThAraha meva / miTe sahaja jAke tA prabhu kI karata banArasi seva / " kumudacandra bhI prabhu ke caraNa-sevA kI prArthanA karate haiM - - 'prabhu pAya lAgauM karUM, seva thArI, tU suna le araja zrI jinarAja hmaarii|'55 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa prabhu ke caraNoM kI zaraNa meM jAkara prabala kAmadeva kI nirdayatA kA zikAra hone se bacanA cAhate haiN| AnaMdaghana saMsAra ke sabhI kArya karate hue bhI prabhu ke caraNoM meM usI prakAra mana lagAnA cAhate haiM jisa prakAra gAyoM kA mana saba jagaha ghUmate hue bhI unake bachar3oM meM lagA rahatA hai - aise jina caraNa cita pada lAuM re manA, aise arihaMta ke guNagAUM re manA / udara bharaNa ke kAraNe re gauvAM bana meM jAya, cArau cahuM disi phirai, bAkI surata bacharU A mAMya / / khaMbhAta nivAsI kavi zaMbhudAsa (17vIM zatI) kI aneka racanAeM upalabdha haiN| unameM eka sarasvatI vandanA bhI hai jisakA eka padya nimnalikhita hai - kAsamIra mukha maMDaMNI, bhagavatI brahma sutAya, tuM tripurA tu bhAratI, tuM kavijana nImAya / tuM sarasati tuM zAradA, tuM bramhANI sAra, viduSI mAtA tuM kahI tujha guNa no nahipAra /

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 309 upAdhyAya yazovijaya (saM. 1680-1744) gaMbhIra zAstrAbhyAsI kavi the| unake granthoM meM kavitvazakti, vacanacAturi, padalAlitya, artha gaurava, rasapoSaNa, alaMkAra nirUpaNa, parapakSa khaNDana, svapakSamaNDala aura jinabhakti mAhAtmya kA baDA sundara varNana huA hai| jasavilAsa meM unakA jinendra stavana dekhie jisameM ve prabhu ke dhyAna meM magna ho jAte haiM - hama magana bhaye prabhu dhyAna meM, bikhara gaI duvidhA tana mana kI, acirA suta guna gAna meN| harihara brahma puraMdara kI ridhi Avata nahi kou mAna meM / cidAnanda kI mauja macI hai, samatA rasa ke pAna meM / itane dina tU nAhi pichAnyo, janma gaMvAyo ajAna meM / aba to adhikArI haiM baiI, prabhuguna akhaya khajAna meM / gaI dInatA sabhI hamArI, prabhu tujha samakita dAna meM / prabhu guna anubhava ke rasa Age, Avata nahiM kou dhyAna meM / (DA0 premasAgarajaina - hindI jaina bhaktikAvya pR0 202) bhagavatIdAsa pArzvajinendra kI bhakti meM agAdha niSThA vyakta karate hue saMsArI jIva ko kahate haiM ki use idhara-udhara bhaTakane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| usakI rAta-dina kI cintA pArzvanAtha kI sevA se hI naSTa ho jAyegI kAhe ko dezadizAMtara dhAvata, kAhe rijhAvata indra nariMda / kAhe ko devi audeva manAvata, kAhe kozIsa nasAvatacaMda / / kAhe ko sUraja sIM karajorata, kAhe nihorata mUr3ha muniMda / kAheko soca kare dinaraina tU, sevata kyoM nahipArzvajinaMda / / 8

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310 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jagatarAma prabhu ke samakSa apanI bhUla ko svIkAra karate hue kahate haiM jina viSaya kaSAya rUpI nAgoM ne use DasA hai usase bacane ke lie mAtra ApakA bhakti garuDa hI sahAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai|" khuzAlacanda kAlA bhagavAn kI caraNa sevA kA Azraya lekara saMsArasAgara se pAra honA cAhate haiM 'suranara saba sevA-kareM, jI caraNa kamala kI vora, bhamara samAna lagyo rahe jI, nisi-vAsara bhor||" kavivara daulatarAma apane ArAdhya ke sivA aura kisI kI caraNa sevA meM nahIM jAnA cAhate hai - jAuM, kahAM zarana tihArau / / cUka anAdi tanI yA hamArI, mApha karauM karuNA guna dhArai / / DUbata hoM bhavasAgara meM aba, tuma bina ko mohiM pAra nikArai / / tuna sama deva abara nahi koI, tAteM hama yaha hAtha pasAre / / mausama adhama aneka UbAre, baranata haiM guru zAstra apAre / / daulata ko bhavapAra karo aba, Ayo hai zaranAgata thAre / " kavi budhajana ko bhI jina zaraNa meM jAne ke bAda maraNa kA koI bhaya nahIM dikhAI detaa| vaha bhramavinAzaka, tattva prakAzaka aura bhavadadhitAraka hai - hama zarana gayau jina carana ko / aba aurana kI mAna na mere, Dara hurahyau nahiM maranako / / 1 / / bharama vinAzana tattva prakAzana, bhavadadhi tArana tarana ko / surapati narapati dhyAna dharata vara, kari nizcaya duHkha harana ko / / 2 / / yA prasAda jJAyaka nija jAnyauM tana jar3a parana ko| nizcaya sidhasauM pai kaSAyateM, pAtra bhayo dukha bharana ko / / 3 / / prabhu bina aura nahIM yA jaga meM, mere hita ke karana ko / budhajana kI aradAsa yahI hai, hara saMkaTa bhava phirana ko / / 4 / / "

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311 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne stuti athavA vandanAparaka saikar3oM pada aura gIta likhe haiN| unameM bhakta kaviyoM ne vividha prakAra se apane ArAdhya se yAcanAyeM kI haiN| bhaTTAraka kumudacandra pArzva prabhu kI stuti karake hI apane janma saphalatA mAnate haiN| usI se unake tana-mana kI Adhi-vyAdhi bhI dUra ho jAtI hai - 'janama sulabha bhayau bhayau sukAja re| tana kI tapata TarI saba merI, dekhata loDaNa pAsa Aja re'| lAvaNya samaya ne bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI vandanA karate hue unheM bhavatAraka aura sukhakAraka kahA hai| zrI kSAntiraMga gaNi ko pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki pArzva jinendra kI vandanA karane se ajJAna hI naSTa nahIM hotA varan manavAMchita phala kI bhI prApti hotI hai - pAsa jiNaMda khairAbAda maMDaNa, haraSa dharI nitu namasya ho / / rora timira saba helehiM harasyUM, manavAMchita phalavarasyaM / / kuzalalAbha kavi sarasvatI kI vandanA karate hue use surANI, svAminI aura vacana vilAsaNI mAnate haiN| vaha samasta saMsAra meM vyApta eka jyoti hai|" rAmacandra tIrthaMkara vardhamAna ko praNAma karate haiM aura lokAloka.prakAzaka unake stavana se mohatama ko dUra karate haiM - 'praNAmo parama punIta nara, varadhamAna jindev| kavivara banArasIdAsa ne tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aneka prakAra se stuti kI hai| jisameM bhAva aura bhASA kA sundara samanvaya huA hai - karama bharama jaga timira haranakhaga, harana lakhana khaga sivamagadarasI / nirakhata nayana bhavikajala varasata, harakhata amita bhavika jana srsii|| madana kadana-jina parama dharama hita, sumirata bhagati bhagati saba DarasI / sajala-jalada tana mukuTa sapata phana, kamaTha-dalana jina namata banarasI / 1 / " kavirAjamala kI sarasvatIvandanA dekhie -

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312 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA zrI jinavadana nalina sthitakArI, zrutadevI guNa gAUM saMvArI, siddhibuddhi lahuMsArI,kalahaMsa UpariAsanadhArI, jagapati tribhuvana mA~hi saMcArI, pahiyo veza vistArI, payasovana ghUghara dhamakArI, uri navasara varamotinahArI, kari cUDI khlkaarii| jar3ita manohara bhUSaNa bhArI, . amRta bhInI locana tArI, sArada nAma jaarii| rasa nidhi re darazana zazI saMvaccharai re (1696) IDaranagaramajhAri; zrI posInA pArzvanAtha supasAulai re, kahi rAjayaratana uvajhAya bhAvai re / kavivara daulatarAma apane ArAdhya se aba duHkha ko haraNa karane kI prArthanA karate haiM, aura unakA guNagAna karate hue kahate haiM ki he paramezvara, tuma mokSamArga darzaka ho aura moha rUpI dAvAnala ke lie nIra ho| merIvedanA ko dUra karo aura karma jaMjIra se mujhe mukta karo - hamArI vIra haro bhava pAra / / maiM duHkha tapita dayAmRtasara tuma, lakhi Ayo tu tIra / tu parameza mokhamagadarzaka, mohadavAnalanIra // 1 // tuma vinaheta jagata upagArI, zuddha cidAnanda dhIra / ganapatijJAna samudra na laMghe, tuma gunasindhu gahIra / / 2 / / yAda nahIM maiM vipati sahI jo, ghara ghara ami zarIra / tuma guna ciMtata nazata tathA bhava jyauM ghana calata samIra / / 3 / / koTavAra kI araja yahI hai, maiM duHkha sahUM adhIra / harahu vedanA phanda daula kI, katara karma jaMjIra / / 4 / /

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313 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ jagajIvana ke pada bhI bar3e hRdayahArI haiN| kavi apane ArAdhya se janma-maraNa kA cakkara dUra karane kA nivedana karatA hai aura dInabandhu' jaise virada ko nirvAha karane kI prArthanA karatA hai| budhajana bhI prabhu kI mahimA ko acchI taraha jAnate haiN| ve unake darzana mAtra se hI apane rAga-dveSa ko bhUla jAte haiM - prabhu terI mahimA varaNI na jAI / / indrAdika saba tuma guNa gAvata, meM kachu pAra na pAI / / 1 / / SaT dravya meM guNa vyApata jaite, eka samaya meM lakhAI / tAkI kathanI vidhi niSedhakara, dvAdasa aMga savAI / kSAyika samakita tuma Dhiga pAvata aura Thaura nahiM paaii| jina pAI tina bhava tithiM gAhI, jJAna kI rIti bar3hAI / / 3 / / mo sa alpa budhi tuma upAvata, zrAvaka padavI paaii| tuma hI taiM abhirAma lakhU nija rAga doSa visarAI / / 4 / / bhakta kavi ArAdhya se apane Apako atyanta hIna samajhatA hai aura laghutA vyakta karate hue dAsya bhAva ko prakaTa karatA hai| bha. kumudacanda ke bhaktirAga ne unheM anAtha banA diyA aura phalataH svayaM ko bhagavAna ke caraNa-zaraNa meM chor3a diyaa| nAtha anAthani kU kachu dIje / / virada saMbhArI dhArI haTha mana te, kAhe jaga jasa lIje / / 1 / / tumhI nivAja kiyo hUM mAnaSa guNa avaguNa na gaNIje / / vyAla vAla pratipala saviSataru, sauM nahIM Apa haNIje / / 2 / / meM to soI jo tA dIna hUto jA dina ko na chUIje / jo tuma jAnata aura bhayo hai bAdhi bAjAra becIje / / 3 / / mere to jIvana dhana saba tumahi, nAtha tihAre jIje / kahata kumudacanda caraNa zaraNa mohi, je bhAve so kIje / / 4 / 2

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314 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kavivara banArasIdAsa ne ArAdhya ke prati laghutA vyakta karate hue usake svarUpa ko agama aura athAha mAnA hai usake svarUpa kA varNana karanA usI prakAra kaThina hai jisa prakAra ulUkapota ravi kiraNa ke udyota kA varNana nahIM kara sakatA aura bAlaka apanI bAhoM se sAgara pAra nahIM kara sktaa| prabhusvarUpa ati agama Aha / kyoM hamase iha hoya nivAha / jyauM jina aMdha ulUko pota / kahi na sakai ravi kirana udota / / 4 / / tuma asaMkhya nirmalaguNakhAni / maiM matihIna kaho nijavAni / jyauM bAlaka nijabAMha pasAra / sAgara parimita kahai vicAra / / 6 / / 3 jagatarAma prabhu kA anugraha pAne ke lie hAtha jor3akara baiThe haiM aura avaguNoM ko anadekhA karane kI prArthanA kara rahe haiN| kavi kA yaha 'cerA' kA svarUpa dRSTavya haiM - tuma sAhiba meM cerA, merA prabhu jI ho / / cUka cAkarI mo cerA kI, sAhiba sI jina merA / / 1 / / Tahala yathAvidhi bana nahIM Ave, karama rahe kara berA / mero avaguNa itano hI lIje, nizadina sumarana terA / / 2 / / karo anugraha aba mujha Upara mero aba urajherA / 'jagatarAma' kaha jor3a vInavai rAkhau caraNana nerA / / 3 / / " vakhatarAma sAha bhI isI taraha -- "dInAnAtha dayA mo pe kIjai' kahakara apane Apako adhama aura pAlaka batAte haiN| budhajana bhI cerAmanakara aSTakarmo ko naSTa karanA cAhate haiM -56 sAdhaka bhakta kavi kI samatA aura ekatA kI pratIti ke sandarbha meM maiM pahale vistAra se likha cukI huuN| 'samatA bhAva bhaye haiM mere Ana bhAva saba tyAgo jI' jaise bhAva usake mana meM udita hote haiM aura vaha

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 315 ekAkAratA kI anubhUti karane lagatA hai| vaha aba rAgAtmaka sambandha bhI sthApita kara saMsAra sAgara se pAra karane kI prArthanA karatA hai tuma mAtA tuma tAta tuma hI parama dhaNIjI / tuma jaga sAMcA deva tuma sama aura nahIM jI / / 1 / / tuma prabhu dInadayAlu munda duSa dUri karo jii| lIjai mohi ubAri maiM tuma saraNa gahI jI / / 2 / / saMsAra anaMtana hI tama dhyAna dharo jii| tuma darasana bina deva duragati mAMhi satyaujI / / 3 / / bhakta kavi ArAdhya ke rUpa para Asakta hokara usake darzana kI AkAMkSA liye rahatA hai| sImandhara svAmI ke stavana meM bherunanda upAdhyAya ne prabhu ke rUpa kA bar3A sundara citrAMkana kiyA hai jisameM upamAna-upameya kA svAbhAvika saMyojana huA hai| bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ne tIrthaMkara RSabha kI bAlyAvasthA kA citraNa karate samaya unake mukha ko pUrNamAsI ke samAna batAyA aura hAthoM ko kalpavRkSa kI upamA dii| unake kAvya meM bAlaka kA citra atyanta svAbhAvika DhaMka se ubharA huA hai jisameM aneka upamAnoM kA prayoga hai| __pAMDe rUpacanda kA kAvya sauSThava dekhiye jisameM bimbapratibimba bhAva kA samucita prayoga huA hai - prabhu terI parama vicitra manohara, mUrati rUpa bnii| aMga-aMga kI anupama sobha, baranani sakati phanI / / sakala vikAra rahita binu ambara, sundara subha karanI / nirAbharana bhAsura chavi sohata, koTi taruna taranI / / vasu rasa rahita sAMta rasa rAjata, khali ihi sAdhupanI / jAti virodhi jantu jihi dekhata, tajata prakRti apanI / /

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316 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA darisanu durita harai cira saMcitu, suranaraphani muhanI / rUpacanda kaha kahauM mahimA, tribhuvana mukuTa manI / / " 61 kavivara banArasIdAsa ne nATaka samayasAra meM paMcapameSThiyoM kI jo stutiyA~ kI haiN| unameM tIrthaMkara ke zarIra kI stuti yahAM ullekhanIya hai|" jagatarAma ne bhI isI prakAra ArAdhya kI chavi dekhakara zAzvata sukha kI prApti kI AzA kI hai| " navalarAma ke netroM meM usakI chAyA sukhada pratIta hotI hai - 'mhArA to nainA meM rahI chAya, ho jI ho jinendra thAMkI 1164. mUrati / " " daulatarAma ko bhI aisA hI sukhada anubhava hotA hai aura sAtha hI unake moha mahAtama kA nAza huA hai - 'nirakhata sukha pAyau jina mukha canda moha mahAtama nAza bhayau he, ura ambuja prphulaayau| tApa nasyau baDhi udadhi annd|" budhajana bhI 'chavi jinarAI rAjai chai' kahakara bhagavAna kI stuti karate haiM / ' 66 67 rUpAsaktimaya bhakti ke mAdhyama se bhakta bhagavad darzana ke lie lAlAyita rahatA hai| vaha jinendra kA darzana karane meM apanA janma saphala mAnatA hai aura dhyAna dhAraNa karane se saMsiddhi prApta karatA hai| upAdhyAya jayasAgara ko AdinAtha ke darzanoM se anirvacanIya Ananda kI prApti hotI hai|" padma tilaka ne bhI AdinAtha kI stuti kI hai jisase samasta manovAMchita abhilASAyeM pUrNa ho jAtI haiM / " muni jayalAla kA mana prabhu ke darzana se harSita ho jAtA hai / vaha rAja Rddhi kI AkAMkSA nahIM karatA, basa, use to ArAdhya ke darzanoM kI hI pyAsa lagI hai|" yaha darzana sabhI prakAra ke saMkaTa aura durita kA nivAraka hai - 'upasamai saMkaTa vikaTa kaSTaka durita pApa nivaraNA / 71 manovAMchita cintAmaNi hai / " jise vaha acchA nahIM lagatA vaha mithyAdRSTi hai| jina pratimA jinendra ke samAna hai| usake darzana karane se sabhI pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM - 72

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 317 jina pratimA jina sama lekhIyai / tAko nimitta pAya ura antara rAga doSa nahi dekhIyai / / samyagdRSTi hoi jIva je, jisa mana e mati rekhIyai / yaha darasana jAMkU na suhAvai, mithyAmata yekhIyai / citavata cita cetanA catura nara nayana meSa je mekhIyai / upazama kRpA UpajI anupama, karma karai na sekhIyai / / vItarAga kAraNa jina bhAvana, ThavaNA tiNa hI pekhIyai / cetana kaMvara bhaye nija pariNati, pApa punna dui lekhIyai / / brahma gulAla eka kuzala bhaktakavi the| unakI aneka racanAeM upalabdha haiN| unhoMne kRpaNajagAvanahAra meM jinapratimA kI mahimA kA sundara varNana kiyA hai - pratimA kAraNu puNya nimitta, binu kAraNa kAraja nahi mitta pratimA rUpa pariNavai Apu, dozAdika nahiM vyApai pApu / krodha lobha mAyA binu mAna, pratimA kAraNa pariNavai ghAna, pUjA karata hoi yaha bhAu, darzana pAye galai kssaau| vidyAsAgara ne 'nirakhyo nayane jaba rasAyana mandira sukhakara' likhakara bhagavAna ke darzana kA Ananda liyA hai| banArasIdAsa ne jinabimba pratimA ke mAhAtmya kA isa prakAra varNana kiyA hai - jAke mukha dassasauM bhagata ke nainanikoM, thiratA ko bAni baDhe caMcalatA vinasI / mathadrA dekhi kevalI kI mudrA yAda Avai jahAM, jAke Age indra hI vibhUti dIsai tinasI / /

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318 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jAko jasa japata prakAza jage hiradai meM, soi suddhamati hoI hutI ju malina sI / kahata banArasI sumahimA pragaTa jAkI, so hai jinakI chavi suvidyamAna jinasI / / 75 kavivara daulatarAma ne jina darzana karake bharapUra sukha pAyA 'nirakhata sukha pAyau, jina mukhcnd'| unheM jina davi tribhuvana AnandakAriNI aura jagatAriNI pratIta huI hai|" budhajana ke nayana nAbhikuara ke darzana karate hI saphala ho gaye 'tirakhai nAbhikuarajI, mere naina saphala bhaye' / jinendra ke darzana karate hI unakA mithyAtama bhAga gayA, anAdikAlana saMtApa miTa gayA aura nijAnubhava pAkara ananta harSa pA liyA - lakhe~ jI aja canda jinanda prabhu kI mithyAtama mama bhAgau / / Teka // / anAdikAla kI tapata miTI saba, sUtau jiyarau jAgau / / 1 / / nija saMpati nija hI maiM pAI, taba nija anubhava lAgau / budhajana haraSata Ananda varaSata, amRta jhara maiM pAgau / / 2 / / 77 bhakta kavi ArAdhya kA darzana kara bhaktivazAt unake samajha apane pUrvakRta karmo kA pazcAttApa karatA hai jisase usakA mana halkA hokara bhakti bhAva meM aura adhika lIna ho jAtA hai| bhaTTAraka kumudacandra 'maiM to narabhava bodhi gavAyo / na kiyo japatapa vrata vidhi sundara, kAma bhalo na kamAyo / ' tathA 'cetana cetata kyUM bAvare / viSaya viSe lapaTAya rahiyo kahA, dina dina chIjata jAta Apare' jaise padyoM meM apanA bhakti-sikta pazcAttApa vyakta karate haiM / " rUpacanda 'janamu akAratha hI ju gyau|| dharama akAratha kAma pada tInau, ekokari na lyau|" dyAnatarAya to 'kabahU' na nija ghara Aye / / paraghara phirata bahuta 78

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 319 dina bIte nAMva aneka dhraaye|| va navalarAma 'prabhu cUka takasIra merI mApha kariye' kahakara mithyAtva krodha-mAna mAyA lobha ityAdi vikAra bhAvoM ke kAraNa kiye gaye karmo kI bhartsanA karate haiM aura ArAdhya se bhavasAgara pAra karAne kI prArthanA karate haiM - "prabhu cUka takasIra merI mApha kriye|" sAdhaka pazcAttApa ke sAtha bhakti ke vaza ArAdhya ko upAlambha detA hai ki 'jo tuma dInadayAla khaavt| hamase anAthani hIna dIna kU kAhe na nAtha nivaajt||' prabhu, tumheM aneka vidhAnoM se ghire sevaka ke prati mauna dhAraNa nahIM karanA caahie| tuma vighanahAraka, kRpA sindhu jese virudoM ko dhAraNa karate ho taba unakA pUrA nirvAha karanA caahie| dyAnatarAya upAlambha dete hue kucha mukhara ho uThate haiN| aura kaha dete haiM ki Apa svaMya to mukti meM jAkara baiTha gaye para maiM abhI bhI saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA huuN| tumhArA nAma hamezA maiM japatA hUM para mujhe usase kucha milatA nhiiN| aura kucha nahIM, to kama se kama rAga-dveSa ko to dUra kara hI dIjie - tuma maiM prabhu kahiyata dInadayAla / Apana jAya mukati meM baiThe, hama jurulata jaga jAla / / 1 / / tumaro nAma japeM hama nIke, manavaca tInoM kAla / tuma to hamake kachu deta nahiM, hamaro kauna havAla / / 2 / / bure bhale hama bhagata tihAre, jAnata ho hama cAla / aura kachu nahiM yaha cAhata haiM, rAga-doSa ko TAla / / 3 / / hama sauM cUka parI so vakaso, tuma to kRpA vizala / dyAnata eka bAra prabhu jagarauM, hamako lehu nikAla / / 4 / /

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA eka anyatra sthAna para kavi kA upalambha dekhiye- vaha uddhAra kiye gaye vyaktiyoM kA nAma ginAtA hai aura phira apane iSTa ko ulAhanA detA hai ki mere lie Apa itanA vilamba kyoM kara rahe haiN| 320 merI aba bera kahA DhIla karI jI / sUlI soM siMhAsana kInA, seTha sudarzana vipati harI jI / / sItA satI agani meM baiThI pAvaka nIra karI sagarI jI / vAriSeNa pai khaDaka calAyo, phUlamAla kInI sutharI jI / / dhanyA vANI paralo nikAlyau tA ghara riddha aneka bhI jI / sirIpAla sAgara taiM tArayo, rAjabhoga ke mukati varI jI / / sAMpa kiya phUlana kI mAlA, somA para tuma dayA dharI jI / 'dyAnata' meM kucha jAMcata nAhIM, kara vairAgya dazA hamarI jI / " daulatarAma bhI isa prakAra upalambha dete haiM aura avaguNoM kI kSamA yAcanA kara ArAdhya se duHkha dUra karane kI prArthanA karate haiM - 84 nAtha mohi tArata kyauM nA, kyA takasIra hamArI / / aMjana cora mahA agha karatA sapata visana kA dhArI / vo hI mara suraloka gayo hai, bAkI kachu na vicArI // 1 // zUkara siMha nakula vAnara se, kauna-kauna vrata dhArI / tinakI karanI kachu na bicArI, ve bhI bhaye sura bhArI / / 2 / / aSTa karma bairI pUruba ke, ina mo karI khuvArI / darzana jJAna ratana hara lIne, dIne mahAdukha bhArI ||3|| avaguNa mApha kare prabhu sabake, sabakI sudhi na visArI / daulatarAma khar3A kara jore, tuma dAtA maiM bhikhArI || 4 || 5 .85 isa prakAra prapattabhAvanA ke sahAre sAdhaka apane ArAdhya paramAtmA ke sAnnidhya meM pahuMcakara tattat guNoM ko svAtmA meM utArane

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321 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ kA prayatna karatA hai| prapatti meM zraddhA aura prema kI vizuddha bhAvanA kA atireka hone ke phalasvarUpa sAdhaka apane ArAdhya ke raMga meM raMgane lagatA hai| tadrUpa ho jAne para usakA duvidhA bhAva samApta ho jAtA hai aura samarasabhAva kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| yahIM sAMsArika duHkhoM se trasta jIva zAzvata zAMti kI prApti kara letA hai aura vItarAgatA zukladhyAna ke rUpa meM sphurita ho jAtI hai| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina bhaktoM kI bhAvAbhivyakti meM isI prakAra kI zAntA bhakti kA prAdhAnya rahA hai| 2. sahaja-sAdhanA aura samarasatA yoga sAdhanA bhAratIya sAdhanAoM kA abhinna aMga hai| isameM sAdhAraNataH mana ko ekAgra karane kI prakriyA kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| uttara kAla meM yaha paramparA haThayoga kI prasthApanA meM mUlakAraNa rhii| isameM sUrya aura candra ke yoga se zvAsocchavAsa kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai athavA sUrya (ir3A nAr3I) aura candra (piMgalA) ko rokakara suSumNA mArga se prANavAyu kA saMcAra kiyA jAtA hai| uttara kAlIna vaidika aura bauddha sampradAya se prANavAyu kA saMcAra kiyA jAtA hai| uttara kAlIna vaidika aura bauddha sampradAya meM haThayoga sAdhanA kA bahuta pracAra huaa| jaina sAdhanA meM mani yogIndu, muni rAmasiMha aura AnaMdaghana meM isake prAraMbhika tattva avazya milate haiN| para usakA vaha vIbhatsa rUpa nahIM milatA jo uttarakAlIna vaidika athavA bauddha sampradAya meM milatA rahA hai| jaina-sAdhanA kA haThayoga jainadharma ke mUla bhAva se patita nahIM ho skaa| use jainAcAryoM ne apane raMga meM raMgakara antarbhUta kara liyaa| yoga-sAdhanA sambandhI pracura sAhitya bhI jaina sAdhakoM ne likhA hai| usameM yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogabindu, yogaviMzati, yogazAstra Adi grantha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN|

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322 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA yoga kA tAtparya hai yama-niyama kA pAlana krnaa| yama kA artha hai indriyoM kA nigraha aura niyama kA artha hai mahAvratoM kA paaln| paMcendriyoM ke nigraha ke sAtha hI antara vijaya' kA vizeSa mahattva hai| use hI satya brahma darzana nirvaacii|" isIse yogI ke mana kI parakha kI jAtI hai| aisA hI yogI dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ko pAtA hai| daulatarAma ne ese hI yogI ke lie kahA hai - 'aisA yogI kyoM na abhayapada pAvai, sophera na bhava meM aavai|" banArasIdAsa kA cintAmaNi yogI AtmA satya rUpa hai jo triloka kA zoka haraNa karane vAlA hai aura sUrya ke samAna udyotakarI hai| kavi dyAnatarAya ko ujjavala darpaNa ke samAna niraMjana AtmA kA udyota dikhAI detA hai| vahI nirvikalpa zuddhAtmA cidAnanda rUpa paramAtmA hai jo sahaja sAdhanA ke dvArA prApta huA hai isIlie kavi kaha uThatA hai - 'dekho bhAI AtamarAma viraaje| sAdhaka avasthA ke prApta karane ke bAda sAdhaka ke mana meM dRr3hatA A jAtI hai aura vaha kaha uThatA hai - 'aba hama amara bhaye na mreNge| zuddhAtmAvasthA kI prApti meM samarasatA aura tajjanya anubhUti kA AnaMda jainetara kaviyoM kI taraha jaina kaviyoM ne bhI liyA hai| usakI prApti meM sarvaprathama dvividhA kA anta honA cAhie jise banArasIdAsa aura bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne dUra karane kI bAta kahI hai / Anandatilaka kI AtmA samarasa meM raMga gaI - samarasa bhAve raMgiyA appA dekhaI soI, appau jANai paraNaI ANaMda karaI NirAlaMva hoI /

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323 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ yazovijaya ne bhI unakA sAtha diyaa| banArasIdAsa ko vaha kAmadhenu citrAveli aura paMcAmRta bhojana jaisA lgaa|" unhoMne aisI hI AtmA ko samarasI kahA hai jo naya-pakSoM ko chor3akara samatArasa grahaNa karake Atma svarUpa kI ekatA ko nahIM choDate aura anubhava ke abhyAsa se pUrNa AnaMda meM lIna ho jAte haiN| ye samarasI sAMsArika padArtho kI cAha se mukta rahate haiM - 'je samarasI sadaiva tinakauM kachu na caahie| aisA samarasI brahma hI parama mahArasa kA svAda cakha pAtA hai| usameM brahma, jAti, varNa, liMga, rUpa Adi kA bheda aba nahIM rhtaa| bhUdharadAsajI kI samyaktva kI prApti ke bAda kaisI AtmAnubhUti huI aura kaisA samarasa rUpI jala jharane lagA, yaha ullekhanIya hai - aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo / / bIti kurIti mithyAmati grISama, pAvasa sahaja suhAyo / / anubhava dAmini damakana lAgI, surati ghaTA dhana chAyo / / baulaiM vimala viveka papIhA, sumati suhAgina bhAyo / / bhUla dhUlakahi mUla na sUjhata, samarasa jala jhara lAyo / bhUdhara ko nikasai aba bAhira, nija niracU ghara pAyau / / " AnaMdaghana para haThayoga kI jisa sAdhanA kA kiMcit prabhAva dikhAI detA hai vaha uttarakAlIna anya jainAcAryo meM nahIM milatA - Atama anubhava-rasika kau, ajaba sunyau birataMta / nirvedI vedana karai vedana karai ananta / / mAhAro bAluDo sanyAsI, deha devala maThavAsI / ir3A-piMgalA mAraga taji jogI, suSamanA ghara bAsI / / bramharaMdhra madhi sAMsana pUrI, bAU anahada nAda bajAsI / yama nIyama Asana jayakArI, prANayAma abhyAsI / /

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324 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA pratyAhAra dhAraNA dhArI, dhyAna samAdhi samAsI / mula uttara guNa mudrAdhArI, paryakAsana vAsI / dyAnatarAya ne use guge kA gur3a maanaa| isa rasAyana kA pAna karane ke uparAnta hI AtmA niraMjana aura paramAnanda banatA hai| use hari-hara-brahmA bhI kahA jAtA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA ke ekatva kI pratIti ko hI daulatarAma, ne "zivapura kI Dagara samarasa sauM bharI, so viSaya virasa ruci ciravisarI' kahA hai| madhyakAla meM jisa sahaja-sAdhanA ke darzana hote haiM usase hindI jaina kavi bhI prabhAvita hue haiM para unhoMne usakA upayoga AtmA ke sahaja svAbhAvika aura parama vizuddhAvasthA ko prApta karane ke artha meM kiyA haiN| bAhyAcAra kA virodha bhI isI sandarbha meM kiyA hai|" jaina sAdhaka apane eMga kI sahaja sAdhanA dArA brahya pada prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahe haiN| kabhI kabhI yoga kI carcA unhoMne avazya kI para haThayoga kI nhiiN| brahmAnubhUti aura tajjanya AnaMda ko prApti kA udghATana karane meM jainasAdhakoM kI uktiyAM na adhika jaTila aura rahasyamaya banI aura na hI unake kAvya meM adhika aspaSTatA A paaii| jaina kAvya meM sahaja zabda mukhya rUpa se tIna rUpoM meM prayukta huA hai - 1. sahaja-samAdhi ke rUpa meM 2. sahaja-sukha ke rUpa meM aura 3. paramatattva ke rUpa meN| pItAmbara ne sahaja samAdhi ko agamya aura akathya kahA hai| yaha samAdhi sarala nahIM hai| vaha to netra aura vANI se bhI agamya hai jise sAdhaka hIjAna pAte haiM - "nainana te agama agama yAhI bainana teM, ulaTa pulaTa bahai kAlakUTaha kaha rI / mUla bina pAe mUr3ha kaise joga sAdhika AveM, sahaja samAdhi kI agama gati gaharI / / 34 / / 106

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 325 banArasIdAsa ne use nirvikalpa aura rUpAdhika kA pratIka maanaa| vahI AtmA kevalajJAnI aura paramAtmA kahalAtA hai / isI ko Atama samAdhika kahA gayA hai jisameM rAga, dveSa, moha virahita vItarAga avasthA kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / paMDita viveka lahi ekatA kI Teka gahi, duMdaja avasthA kI anekatA haratu hai / mati zruti avadhi ityAdi vikalapa meMTi, niravikalapa gyAna mana meM dharatu hai / / indriyajanita sukha:dukha sau vimukha hai kai / parama ke rUpa hai karama nirjaratu hai / sahaja samAdhi sAdhi tyAgi parakI upAdhi, 107 Atama arAdhi paramAtama karatu hai / / ' rAgadveSa moha kI dasAsoM bhinna rahe yAtaiM, sarvathA trikAla karma jAla kA vidhusa hai / nirupAdhi Atama samAdhi meM virAje tAnaiM, 108 kahie pragaTa purana parama haMsa hai / / jaina sAdhakoM ne nAma sumirana aura ajapA jApa ko apanI sahaja sAdhanA kA viSaya banAyA hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa se paramAtmA aura tIrthaMkaroM kA nAma lenA sumirana hai tathA mAlA lekara unake nAma kA japa karanA bhI sumirana hai / DaoN. pItAmbara datta bar3athavAla ne sumirana ke jo tIna bheda mAne haiM unheM jaina sAdhakoM ne apanI sAdhanA meM apanAyA hai| unhoMne bAhyasAdhana kA khaMDanakara antaHsAdhanA para bala diyA hai| vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi ne jApa karanA anucita nahIM hai para nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se use bAhya kriyA mAnA hai| tabhI to dyAnatarAya jI aise sumirana ko mahattva dete haiM jisameM -

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326 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA aso sumarana kariye re bhAI / pavana thaMmai mana kitahu na jAI / / paramesura sauM sAcauM rahijai / loka raMjanA bhaya taji dIjai / / yama aru niyama doUvidhi ghArauM / Asana prANAyAma sAmarau / / pratyAhAra dhAranA kIjai / dhyAna samAdhi mahArasa viijai||10 anahada ko dhyAna kI sarvocca avasthA kahA jA sakatA hai jahAM sAdhaka antaratama meM praveza kara rAga-dveSAdika vikArI bhAvoM se zUnya ho jAtA hai vahAM zabda atIta ho jAte haiM aura anta meM AtmA kA hI bhAva zeSa raha jAtA hai| kAna bhI apanA kArya karanA baMda kara detA hai| kevala bhramaragujjana-sA zabda kAnoM meM gUMjatA rahatA hai| anahada sabada sadA suna re / / Apa hI jAnaiM aura na jAneM, kAna binA suniye dhuna re / / bhamara guMja sama hota nirantara, tA aMtara gati citavana re / / 11 isIlie dyAnatarAya jI ne sohaM ko tIna loka kA sAra kahA hai| jina sAdhakoM ke zvAsocchavAsa ke sAtha sadaiva sohaM sohaM kI dhvani hotI rahatI hai aura jo sohaM ke artha ko samajhakara, ajapA kI sAdhanA karate haiM, ve zreSTha haiM - sohaM sohaM hota nita, sAMsA usAsa majhAra / tAko aratha vicAriyai, tIna loka meM sAra / / tIna loka meM sAra, ghara siva kheta nivAsI / aSTa karma sauM rahita, sahita guNa aSTa vilAsI / / jaiso taiso Apa, thApa nihacai taji sohaM / ajapA jApa saMbhAra, sAra sukha sohaM sohaM / / 12 AnaMdaghana kA bhI yahI mata hai ki jo sAdhaka AzAoM ko mArakara apane aMtaH kAraNa meM ajapA jApa ko jagAte haiM ve cetana mUrti

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 327 niraMjana kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiN| isIlie saMta AnaMdaghana bhI sohaM ko saMsAra kA sAra mAnate haiM - cetana aisA jJAna vicaaro| sohaM sohaM sohaM sohaM sohaM aNu nabI yA sAro / / " isa ajapA kI anahada dhvani utpanna hone para AnaMda ke megha kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai aura jIvAtmA saubhAgyavatI nArI ke sadRzya bhAvavibhora ho uThatI hai - "upajI dhuni ajapA kI anahada, jIta nagArevArI / jhar3I sadA AnaMdaghana barakhata, bana mora ekanatArI / / 15 uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki sahaja yoga sAdhanAjanya rahasyabhAvanA se sAdhaka AdhyAtmika kSetra ko adhikAdhika vizuddha karatA hai tathA brahma (paramAtmA) aura AtmA ke sammilana athavA ekAtmakatA kI anubhUti tathA tajjanya anirvacanIya paramasukha kA anubhava karatA hai| inhIM sAdhanAtmaka abhivyaktiyoM ke citraNa meM vaha jaba kabhI apanI sAdhanA ke siddhAntoM athavA pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI prayoga karatA hai| isa zailI ko DaoN. triguNayata ne zabda mUlaka rahasyavAda aura adhyAtma mUlaka rahasyavAda kahA hai| isa taraha madhyakAlIna jaina sAdhakoM kI rahasyasAdhanA adhyAtmamUlaka sAdhanAtmaka rahasyabhAvanA kI sRSTi karatI hai / 3.bhAvanAtmaka rahasya bhAvanA ___ sAdhaka kI AtmA ke Upara se jaba aSTa karmo kA AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai, aura saMsAra ke mAyAjala se usakI AtmA mukta hokara vizuddhAvasthA ko prApta kara letI hai to usakI bhAva dazA bhaMga ho jAtI

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328 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA hai| phalataH sAdhaka viraha-vidhura ho tar3apa uThatA hai| yaha AdhyAtmika viraha eka ora to sAdhaka ko satya kI khoja arthAt paramapada kI prApti kI ora prerita karatA hai aura dUsarI ora use sAdhanA meM saMlagna rakhatA hai| sAdhaka kI aMtarAtmA vizuddhatama hokara apane meM hI paramAtmA kA rUpa dekhatI hai| taba vaha prema aura zraddhA kI atirekatA ke kAraNa usase apanA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha sthApita karane lagatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kabhI sAdhaka use pati ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai aura kabhI patnI ke rUpa meN| kyoMki prema kI carama pariNati dAmpatyarati meM dekhI jAtI hai| ataH rahasyabhAvanA kI abhivyakti sadA priyatama aura priyA ke Azraya meM hotI rahI hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karane vAle jaina evaM jainetara santoM evaM kaviyoM ne isI dAmpatyamUlaka ratibhAva kA avalambana paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie liyA hai| AtmA paramAtmA kA priya-premI ke rUpa meM citraNa kiyA gayA hai| zrI puruSottamalAla zrIvAstava kA yaha kathana isa sandarbha meM upayukta hai ki loka meM AnaMdazakti kA sabase adhika sphuraNa dAmpatya saMyoga meM hotA hai, jisameM do kI pRthak sattA kucha samaya ke lie eka hI anubhUti meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| AnaMda svarUpa vizvasattA ke sAkSAtkAra kA AnaMda isI kAraNa anAyAsa laukika dAmpatya prema ke rUpakoM meM prakaTa ho jAtA hai| alaukika premajanya tallInatA aisI vilakSaNa hotI hai ki dvaidha bhAva hI samApta ho jAtA hai| madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ne AdhyAtmika prema ke sambandha meM AdhyAtmika vivAhoM kA citraNa kiyA hai| prAyaH inheM vivAhalA, vivAha, vivAhalau aura vivAhalA Adi nAmoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai| vivAha bhI do prakAra ke milate haiN| rahasyasAdhakoM kI rahasyabhAvanA se jina vivAhoM kA sambandha hai unameM jina prabhasUri kA aMtaraMga vivAha'

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329 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ atimanorama hai| sumati aura cetana priya-premI rUpa haiN| ajayarAja pATaNI ne zivaramaNI vivAha racA jisameM AtmA vara (ziva) aura mukti vadhU (ramaNI) hai| AtmA mukti vadhU ke sAtha vivAha karatA hai| banArasIdAsa ne bhagavAna zAntinAtha kA zivaramaNI se pariNaya rcaayaa| pariNaya hone ke pUrva hI zivaramaNI kI utsukatA kA citraNa dekhiye - kitanA anUThA hai - rI sakhi, Aja mere saubhAgya kA dina hai ki jaba merA priya se vivAha hone vAlA hai para duHkha yaha hai ki vaha abhI taka nahIM aayaa| mere priya sukha-kanda hai, unakA zarIra candra ke samAna hai isalie merA AnaMda mana sAgara meM lahareM le rahA hai| mere netra-cakora sukha kA anubhava kara rahe haiM jaga meM unakI suhAvanI jyoti phailI hai, kIrti bhI chAyI hai, vaha jyoti duHkha rUpa andhakAra dUra karane vAlI hai, vANI se amRta jharatA hai| mujhe saubhAgya se aisA pati mila gyaa|18 eka anya kRti adhyAtmagIta meM banArasIdAsa ko mana kA pyArA paramAtmA rUpa priya mila jAtA hai| ataH unakI AtmA apane priya (paramAtmA) se milane ke lie utsuka hai| vaha apane priya ke viyoga meM aisI tar3apa rahI hai jaise jala ke binA machalI tar3apatI hai| mana meM pati se milane kI tIvra utkaMThA bar3hatI hI jAtI hai taba vaha apanI samatA nAma kI sakhI se apane mana meM uThe bhAvoM ko vyakta karatI hai yadi mujhe priya ke darzana ho gaye to maiM usI taraha magna ho jAUMgI jisa taraha dariyA meM bUMda samA jAtI hai| maiM ahaMbhAva ko tajakara priya se mila jaauuNgii| jaise olA galakara pAnI meM mila jAtA hai vaise hI maiM apane ko priya meM lIna kara duuNgii| AkhirakAra usakA priya usake antarmana meM hI mila gayA aura vaha usase milakara ekAkAra ho gii| pahale usake mana meM jo duvidhA bhAva thA vaha bhI dUra ho gyaa|

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330 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA duvidhAbhAva kA nAza hone para use jJAna hotA hai ki vaha aura usakA priyatama eka hI hai| kavi ne aneka sundara dRSTAntoM se isa ekatva bhAva ko aura abhivyakta kiyA hai| vaha aura usake priya, donoM kI eka hI jAti hai| priya usake ghaTa meM virAjamAna hai aura vaha priya meN| donoM kA jala aura laharoM ke samAna abhinna sambandha hai| priya kartA hai aura vaha karatUti, priya sukha kA sAgara hai aura vaha sukha sIMva hai| yadi priya ziva maMdira hai to vaha zivanIMva, priya bahmA hai to vaha sarasvatI, priya mAdhava hai to vaha kamalA, priya zaMkara hai to vaha bhavAnI, priya jinendra hai to vaha unakI vANI hai| isa prakAra jahAM priya hai - vahAM vaha bhI priya ke sAtha meM hai| donoM usI prakAra se haiM - 'jyauM zazi hari meM jyoti abhNg|' jo priya jAti sama soi| jAtahiM jAta milai saba koi / / 8 / / priya more ghaTa, maiM piymhiN| jalataraMga jyauM dvividhA nAhiM / / 19 / / piya mo karatA maiM krtuuti| piya jJAnI meM jJAnavibhUti / / 20 / / piya sukhasAgara maiM sukhsiiNv| piya zivamandira maiM zivanIMva / / 21 / / piya brahma maiM sarasvati naam| piya mAdhava mo kamalA nAma / / 22 / / piya zaMkara maiM devi bhvaani| piya jinavara maiM kevalabAni / / 23 / / jahaM piya tahamaiM piya kesNg|jyauN zazi hari meMjoti abhaMga / / 29 / / 120 kavivara banArasIdAsa ne sumati aura cetana ke bIca advaita bhAva kI sthApanA karate hue rahasyabhAvanA kI sAdhanA kI hai| cetana ko dekhate hI sumati kaha uThatI hai, cetana, tumako nihArate hI mere mana se parAyepana kI gAgara phUTa gyii| duvidhA kA acala phaTa gayA aura zarma kA bhAva dUra ho gyaa| he priya, tumhArA smaraNa Ate hI maiM rAjapatha ko chor3akara bhayAvaha jaMgala meM tumheM khojane nikala pdd'ii| vahAM hamane tumheM dekhA ki tuma zarIra kI nagarI ke aMtaH bhAga meM ananta zakti sampanna hote hue bhI

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 331 karmoM ke lepa meM lipaTe huye ho| aba tumheM moha nidrA ko bhaMga kara aura rAgadveSa ko dUra kara paramArtha prApta karanA caahie| bAlama tahuM tana citavana gAgari phUTi / carA go phaharAya sama gai chUTi, bAlama / / 1 / / hamaM taka rahUM je sajanI rajanI ghora / ghara karakeu na jAne cahudisi cora, bAlama / / 2 / / piu sudhi pAvata vana maiM paisiu peli / chADau rAja DagariyA bhayau akeli, bAlama / / 3 / / kAya nagariyA bhItara caitana bhUpa / karama lepa lipaTA bala jyoti svarUpa, bAlama / / 5 / / cetana bUjhi vicAra gharahu santoSa / rAga dveSa dui baMdhana chUTata moSa, bAlama / / 13 / / 11 patnI sumati pati cetana ke viyoga meM jala vina mIna ke samAna tar3apatI hai (vahI, adhyAtma gIta pR. 159-60) aura aise magna honA cAhatI hai jaise dariyA meM bUMda samA jAtI hai| apane hI athaka prayatnoM se vaha antataH priya cetana ko pAne meM saphala ho jAtI hai - piya mere ghaTa meM piya mAMhi jalataraMga jyoM duvidhA nAhIM (vahI pR. 161) / isalie vaha kaha uThatI hai-dekho merI sakhina ya Aja cetana ghara aave| (brahmavilAsa pada 14) / sataguru ne kRpA kara isa vichure kaMta ko sumati se milA diyA (hindI pada saMgraha pada 379) / ___ sAdhaka kI AtmA rUpa sumati ke pAsa paramAtmA svayaM hI pahuMca jAte haiM kyoMki vaha priya ke viraha meM bahuta kSINa kAya ho gaI thii| viraha ke kAraNa usakI becainI tathA mine ke lie AturatA bar3hatI hI gii| usakA prema saccA thA isalie bhaTakA huA pati svayaM vApisa A gyaa|

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332 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA usake Ate hI sumati ke khaMjana jaise netroM meM khuzI chA gyaa| aura vaha apane capala nayanoM ko sthira karake priyatama ke saundarya ko nirakhatI raha gyii| madhura gItoM kI dhvani se prakRti bhara gayI / antaH kA bhaya aura pApa rUpI mala na jAne kahA~ vilIna ho gaye kyoMki usakA paramAtmA jaisA sAjana sAdhAraNa nhiiN| vaha to kAmadeva jaisA sundara aura amRta rasa jaisA madhura hai| vaha anya bAhya kriyAyeM karane se prApta nahIM hotA / banArasIdAsa kahate haiM ki vaha to samasta karmoM kA kSaya karane se milatA hai / mhAre pragaTe deva niraMjana / aTakau kahAM-kahAM sira bhaTakata kahAM kahUM jana-raMjana | | mhAre0 / / 1 / / khaMjana dRga, dRga nayanana gAUM cAUM citavata raMjana / sajana ghara antara paramAtmA sakala durita bhaya raMjana || mhAre 0 || vo hI kAmadeva hoya, kAmaghaTa vo hI maMjana / 122 aura upAya na mile banArasI sakala karama Saya khaMjana || mhAre 0 / / bhUdharadAsa kI sumati apanI viraha vyathA kA kAraNa kumati ko mAnatI hai aura isalie use " jahyo nAza kumati kulaTA ko, viramAyo pati pyAro" (bhUdharavilAsa, pada 29) jese durvacana kahakara apanA duHkha vyakta karatI hai tathA AzA karatI hai ki eka na eka dina kAlalabdhi AyegI jaba usakA cetanarAva pati duramati kA sAtha chor3akara ghara vApisa AyegI (vahI, pada 69) / - jaina sAdhakoM evaM kaviyoM ne rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA udghATana karane ke lie rAjula aura tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke pariNaya kathAnaka ko vizeSa rUpa se cunA hai| rAjula AtmA kA pratIka hai aura neminAtha paramAtmA kaa| rAjula rUpa AtmA neminAtha rUpa paramAtmA se

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 333 milane ke lie kitanI Atura hai yaha dekhate hI banatA hai / yahA~ kaviyoM meM kabIra aura jAyasI evaM mIrA se kahIM adhika bhAvodvega dikhAI detA hai| saMyoga aura viyoga donoM ke citraNa bhI bar3e manohara aura sarasa hai| bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti kI rAjula se neminAtha virakta hokara kisa prakAra girinAra cale jAte haiM, yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki unheM to neminAtha para tantra-mantra mohana kA prabhAva lagatA hai - "una pe taMta maMta mohana hai, vaisI nema hamAro / " saca to yaha hai ki "kAraNa kou piyA ko na jAne / " piyA ke viraha se rAjula kA saMtApa bar3hatA calA jAtA hai aura eka samaya AtA hai jaba vaha apanI sakhI se kahane lagatI hai - "sakhI rI nema na jAnI pIra" "sakhI ko milAvo nema narindA' 'sakhI sAvana ghaTAI satAve / ' 1123 124 bhaTTAraka kumudacandra aura adhika bhAvuka dikhAI dete haiN| asahya viraha-vedanA se santapta hokara ve kaha uThate haiM - sakhI rI aba to rahyo nahIM jaat| hemavijaya kI rAhula bhI priya ke viyoga meM akelI cala par3atI hai use loka maryAdA kA baMdhana tor3anA par3atA hai| ghanaghora ghaTAyeM chAyI huI haiM, cAroM tarapha bijalI camaka rahI hai, piure piu re kI AvAja papIhA kara rahA hai, moreM kaMgAroM para baiThakara AvAjeM kara rahI 125 haiM / AkAza se bUMdeM Tapaka rahI haiM, rAjula ke netroM se AMsuoM kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai| " bhUdharadAsa kI rAjula ko to cAroM ora apane priya ke binA aMdherA dikhAI detA hai| unake binA usakA hRdaya rUpI aravinda murajhAyA par3A hai| isa vedanA ko vaha apanI mAM se bhI vyakta kara detI hai, sakhI to ThIka hI hai - "bina piya dekheM murajhAya rahyayo he, ura aravinda hamAro rii|| rAjula ke viraha kI svAbhAvikatA vahAM aura adhika dikhAI detI hai jahAM vaha apanI sakhI se kaha uThatI hai - "tahA~ le cala rI 126

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jahA~ jAdaupati pyAro / "nami binA na rahai merI jiyarA, mAM vilaMbana lAva paThAva tahAM dI jahA~jagapati piya pyArau' ?127 334 jagatarAma ne "sakhI rI bina dekhe rahyayau na jAya' aura dyAnatarAya ne 'tai dekhe nemikumAra' kahakara rAjula kI AMtarika vedanA meM samarAtasa kA siMcana kara diyaa| unakI rAjula apanI sakhise neminAtha ke sAtha milAne kA Agraha karatI hai - erI sakhi nemijI ko mohi milAvo "aura kahatI hai - "sunarI sakhi, jahA~ nemi gaye tahAM mo kA~ le pahuMcAve rI hAM" (dyAnata pada saMgraha, 208 ) / para use jaba yaha samajha jAtA hai ki neminAtha to vairAgI haiM mukti gAmI haiM, to vaha kahane lagatI hai ki unase milanA tabhI sambhava hai jaba vaha bhI vairAgina ho jAya - piya vairAgya liyo hai kisa misa dekhana jAU~ / byAhana Aye pazu chuTakAye taji ratha janapura gAU~ / maiM siMgArI ve avikArI jyauM nama muThiya samAU~ / dyAnata jo gini vai viramAU~ kRpA kareM nija ThAU~ / / (vahI, pada 191 ) isa sandarbha meM paMca sahelI gIta kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai jisameM chIhala ne mAlina, tambolanI, chIpanI, kalAlanI aura sunArina nAmaka pAMca saheliyoM ko pAMca jIvoM ke rUpa meM vyaMjita kiyA hai| pAMcoM jIva rUpa saheliyoM ne apane-apane priya (paramAtmA) kA viraha varNana kiyA hai| jaba unheM brahmarUpa pati kI prApti nahIM ho pAtI haiM to ve usake viraha se pIDita ho jAtI hai / kucha dinoM ke bAda priya (brahma) mila jAtA hai| usase unheM parama Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| unakA priya milana brahma milana hI hai| pati ke milana hone para unakI

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 335 sabhI AzAe~ pUrNa ho gyiiN| pati ke sAtha samatva AliMgana sAdhaka jIva jaba brahma se milatA hai to ekAkAra hue binA nahIM rhtaa| isI ko paramasukha kI prApti kahate haiN| brahma milana kA citraNa dRSTavya hai : colI khola tambolanI kADhayA gAtra apAra / raMga kiyA bahu prIyasuM nayana milAI tAra / / 128 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA 'lAla' unase kahIM dUra calA gayA isalie usako pukArate hue ve kahate haiM - he lAla, tuma kisake sAtha ghUma rahe ho? tuma apane jJAna ke mahala meM kyoM nahIM Ate ? tumane apane antara meM jhAMka kara kabhI nahIM dekhA ki vahA~ dayA, kSamA, samatA aura zAMti jaisI sundara nAriyA~ tumhAre lie khar3I huI haiN| ve anupama rUpa sampanna haiN| kahAM-kahAM kauna saMga lAge hI phirata lAla, Avau kyoM na Aja tuma jJAna ke mahala meM / nekahu biloki dekhau antara sudRSTi setI, kaisI-kaisI nIki nArI ThAr3I hai Talaha meM / eka te eka banI, sundara svarUpa dhanI, upamA ne jAya bAma kI cahala meM / 129 mahAtmA Anandaghana kI AtmA bhI apane priyatama ke viyoga meM tar3apatI dikhAI detI hai| isI sthiti meM kabhI vaha mAna karatI hai to kabhI pratIkSA, kabhI upAlambha detI hai to kabhI bhakti ke pravAha meM bahatI hai, kabhI priya ke viyoga meM sudha-budha kho detI hai - "piyA bina sudhi-budhi bhUlI ho|' 130 viraha- jaga usakI zaiyyA ko rAta bhI khUdatA rahatA hai, bhojana-snAna karane kI to bAta kI kyA ? apanI isa dazA kA varNana kisase kahA jAya ?131 usakA priya itanA adhika niSThura

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336 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA ho jAtA hai ki vaha upAlambha diye binA nahIM rhtii| vaha kahatI hai ki maiM mana, vacana aura karma se tumhArI ho cukI, para tumhArI yaha niSThuratA aura upekSA kyoM ? tumhArI pravRtti phUla-phUla para maMDarAne vAle bhramara jaisI hai to phira hamArI prIti kA nirvAha kaise ho sakatA hai ? jo bhI ho, maiM priya se usI prakAra ekAkAra ho cukI hU~ jisa prakAra puSpa meM usakI sugandha mila jAtI hai| merI jAti bhale hI nimna koTi kI ho para aba tumheM kisI bhI prakAra ke guNa-avaguNa kA vicAra nahIM karanA caahie| piyA tuma niThura bhae kyUM aise| . maiM mana baca krama karI rAurI, rAurI rIti anaisaiM / / phUla-phUla bhaMvara kaisI bhAuMrI bharata hI nibahai prIti kyUM aise / maiM to piyateM aisi milI AlI kusuma vAsa saMga jaise / ochI jAta kahA para aitI, nIra na haiyai bhaiseN| guna avaguna na vicArI Anandaghana, kIjiyai tuma ho taise||32 "suhAgaNa jAgI anubhava prIti' meM pagI aura antaHkaraNa meM adhyAtma dIpaka se jagI Anandaghana kI AtmA eka dina saubhAgyavatI ho jAtI hai / use usakA priya (paramAtmA) mila jAtA hai| ataeva vaha saulahoM zrRMgAra karatI hai| pahanI huI jhInI sAr3I meM prIti kA rAga jhalaka rahA hai| bhakti kI meMhadI lagI huI hai, zubha bhAvoM kA sukhakArI aMjana lagA huA hai| sahajasvabhAva kI cUr3iyA~ aura sthiratA kA kaMkana pahana liyA hai, dhyAna kI urvazI ko hRdaya meM rakhA aura priya kI guNamAlA ko dhAraNa kiyaa| surati ke sindUra se mAMga saMvArI,nirati kI veNI sjaaii| phalataH usake hRdaya meM prakAza kI jyoti udita huii| antaHkaraNa meM ajapA kI anahada dhvani guMjita hotI hai aura avirala Ananda kI sukhada varSA hone laga jAtI hai|

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337 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ Aja suhAgana nArI avadha Aja / mere nAtha Apa sudha, kInI nija aMgacArI / prema pratIti rAga ruci raMgata, pahire jhIrI sArI / maMhidI bhakti raMga kI rAcI, bhAva aMjana sukhakArI / sahaja subhAva curI maiM painhI, thiratA kaMkana bhArI / dhyAna urabasI ura meM rAkhI, piya gunamAla adhArI / surata sindUra mAMga raMgarAtI, niratai baini samArI / upajI jyoti udyota ghaTa tribhuvana ArasI kevalakArI / upajI dhuni ajapA kI anahada, jIta nagArevArI / jhar3I sadA Anandaghana barasata, bana mora ekanatArI / / 122 jaina sAdhakoM ne eka aura prakAra ke AdhyAtmika prema kA varNana kiyA hai| sAdhaka jaba anagAra dIkSA letA hai taba usakA dIkSA kumArI athavA saMyamazrI ke sAtha vivAha sampanna hotA hai| AtmA rUpa pati kA mana zivaramaNI rUpa patnI ne AkarSita kara liyA 'zivaramaNI mana mohiyo jIjeThe rahe jI lubhaav|134 kavi bhagavatIdAsa apanI cUnarI ko apane iSTa deva ke raMga meM raMgane ke lie Atura dikhAI dete haiN| usameM AtmA rUpI sundarI ziva rUpa prItama ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatI hai| vaha samyaktva rUpI vastra ko dhAraNa kara jJAna rUpI jala ke dvArA sabhI prakAra kA mala dhokara sundarI ziva se vivAha karatI hai / isa upalakSya meM eka sarasa jyoMnAra hotI hai jisameM gaNadhara parosane vAle hote haiM jisake khAne se ananta catuSTaya kI prApti hotI hai| tumha jinavara dehi raMgAI ho, vinavar3a saSI piyA ziva sundarI / aruNa anupama mAla ho mero bhava jalatAraNa cUMnar3I / / 2 / / samakita vastra visAhile jJAna salila saga sei ho /

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338 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mala pacIsa utArikai, diDhipana sAjI dei jI / / merI. 3 / / bar3a jAnI gaNadhara tahAM bhale, parosaNa hAra ho / ziva sundarI ke bayAha kauM, sarasa bhaI jyoMNAra ho / / 30 / / mukti ramaNi raMga tyauM ramaiM, vasu guNamaMDita sei ho / ananta catuSTaya sukha ghaNAM janma maraNa nahiM hoi ho / / 32 / / ' 4. AdhyAtmika holI 135 jaina sAdhakoM aura kaviyoM ne AdhyAtmika vivAha kI taraha AdhyAtmika holiyoM kI bhI sarjanA kI hai| isako phAgu bhI kahA gayA hai| yahAM holiyoM aura phAgoM meM upayogI padArthoM (raMga, picakArI, kezara, gulAla, vivadha vAdya Adi) ko pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se abhivyaMjita kayA gayA hai| isake pIche AtmA-paramAtmA ke sAkSAtkAra se sambaddha Anandopalabdhi karane kA uddezya rahA hai / yaha holI athavA phAga AtmA rUpI nAyaka zivasundarI rUpI nAyikA ke sAtha khelatA hai / kavivara banArasIdAsa ne 'adhyAtama phAga' meM adhyAtama bina kyAM pAiye ho, parama puruSa kau ruup| adhaTa aMga ghaTa mila rahyo ho mahimA agama anUpa kI bhAvanA se vasanta ko bulAkara vividha aMga-pratyaMgoM ke mAdhyama se phAga khelI aura holikA kA dahana kiyA 'viSama virasa' dUra hote hI 'sahaja vasanta' kA Agamana huaa| 'suruci-sugaMdhitA' prakaTa huI / 'mana - madhukara' prasanna huA / 'sumatikokilA' kA gAna prArambha huA / apUrva vAyu bahane lagI / 'bharama - kuhara' dUra hone lagA / 'jaDa-jADA' ghaTane lagA / mAyA - rajanI choTI ho gii| samarasa-zazi kA udaya ho gyaa| 'moha-paMka kI sthiti kama ho gii| saMzaya-zizira samApta ho gyaa| 'zubha-pallavadala' lahalahA utthe|

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 339 'azubha patajhara' hone lgii| 'malina-viSayarati dUra ho gaI, 'viratibeli' phailane lagI, 'zaziviveka nirmala ho gayA, thiratA-amRta hilore lene lagA zaMkita sucandrikA phaila gaI, 'nayana-cakora' pramadita ho uThe, surati-agnijvAlA' bhavaka uThI samakita sUrya udita ho gayA, 'hRdaya-kamala' vikasita huA, 'suyaza-makaranda' pragaTa ho gayA, dRr3ha kaSAya himagiri jala gayA, 'nirjarA-nadI meM dhAraNAdhAra 'zivasAgara' kI ora bahane lagI vitatha vAta prabhUtA miTa gaI, yathArtha kArya jAgrata ho gayA, vasantakAla meM jaMgala bhUmi suhAvanI lagane lgii|36 / basanta Rtu ke Ane ke bAda alakha amUrta AtmA adhyAtma kI aura pUrI taraha se jhuka gyii| kavi ne phira yahAM phAga aura holikA kA rUpaka khar3A kiyA aura usake aMga-pratyaMgoM kA sAmaMjasya adhyAtma kSetra se kiyaa| 'naya cAcari paMkti' mila gaI, 'jJAna dhyAna' uphatAla bana gayA, 'picakArI pada bhI sAdhanA huI, 'saMvarabhAva gulAla' bana gayA, 'zubha-bhAva bhakti tAna' meM 'rAga virAma' alApane lagA, parama rasa meM lIna hokara dasa prakAra ke dAna dene lgaa| dayA kI rasa bharI miThAI, tapa kA mevA, zIla kA zItala jala, saMyama kA nAgara pAna khAkara nirlajja hokara gupti-aMga prakaTa hone lagA, akatha-kathA prArambha ho gaI, uddhata guNa rasiyA milakara amala vimala rasaprema meM surati kI taraMgeM hilorane lgiiN| rahasyabhAvanA kI parAkASThA ho jAne para parama jyoti pragaTa huii| aSTa karma rUpa kASTha jalakara holikA kI Aga bujha gaI, pacAsI prakRtiyoM kI bhasma ko bhI nAnAdi karake dho diyA aura svayaM ujjavala ho gyaa| isake uparAnta phAga kA khela banda ho jAtA hai, phira to mohapAza ke naSTa hone para sahaja Atmazakti ke sAtha khelanA prArambha ho jAtA hai -

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340 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 'naya paMkati cAcari mili ho jJAna dhyAna DaphatAla / picakArIpada sAdhanA ho saMvara bhAva gulAla / / adhyaatm0||11|| rAga virAma alApiye ho bhAvabhagati thumatAna / rIjha parama rasalInatA dIje daza vidhidAna ||adhyaatm0||12|| dayA miThAI rasabharI ho tapa mevA paradhAna / zIla salila ati sIyalo ho saMjama nAgara pAna ||adhyaatm0||13|| gupati aMga paragAsiye ho yaha nilajjatA rIti / akatha kathA mukha bhAkhiye ho yaha gArI niranIti ||adhyaatm0||14|| uddhata guNa rasiyA mile ho amala vimala rasa prema / surata taraMgamaha chaki rahe ho, manasA vAcA nena ||adhyaatm0|15| parama jyoti paragaTa bhaI ho, lagI holikA Aga / ATha kATha saba jari bujhe ho, gaI tatAI bhAga ||adhyaatm0||16|| prakRti pacAsI lagi rahI ho, bhasma lekha hai soya / nhAya dhoya ujjavala bhaye ho, phira tahakhela na koya ||adhyaatm0||17|| sahaja zakti guNa khe liye ho ceta banArasIdAsa / sage sakhA aise kahe ho, miTe moha dadhi phaas||adhyaatm0||18||128 jagatarAma ne jina-rAjA aura zuddha pariNati-rAnI ke bIca khelI jAne vAlI holI kA manorama dRzya upasthita kiyA hai| ve svayaM usa raMga meM raMga gaye haiM aura holI khelanA cAhate haiM para unheM khelanA nahIM A rahA hai - kaise horI khelI kheli na aavai| kyoMki hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, tRSNA Adi pApoM ke kAraNa citta capala ho gyaa| brahma hI eka aisA akSara hai jisake sAtha khelate hI mana prasanna ho jAtA hai| unhoMne eka anyatra sthAna para 'sudha budha gorI' ke sAtha 'sUruci gulAla' lagAkara phAga bhI khelI hai| unake pAsa 'samatAjala' kI picakArI hai jisase 'karuNA-kesara' kA guNa chiTakAyA hai| isake bAda anubhava kI pAna-supArI aura sarasa raMga lgaayaa|

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341 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ sudha budha gorI saMga leya kara, suruci galAla lagA re tere / samatA jala picakArI, karuNA kesara guNa chirakAya re tere / / anubhava pAni supArI caracAni, sarasa raMga lagAya re tere / rAma kahe jai iha vidhi pele, mokSa mahala meM jApa re / / dyAnatarAya ne holI kA sarasa citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| ve sahaja vasantakAla meM holI khelane kA AhvAna karate haiN| do dala eka dUsare ke sAmane khar3e haiN| eka dala meM buddhi, dayA, kSamA rUpanArI varga khar3A huA hai aura dUsare dala meM ratnatrayAdi guNoM se sajA AtmA rUpa puruSa varga hai| jJAna, dhyAna, rUpa, Dapha, tAla Adi vAdya bajate haiM, ghanaghora anahada nAda hotA hai, dharma rUpI lAla varNa kA gulAla ur3atA hai, samatA kA raMga ghora liyA jAtA hai, praznottara kI taraha picakAriyA~ calatI haiN| eka ora se prazna hotA hai - tuma kisakI nArI ho, to dUsarI ora se prazna hotA hai, tuma kisake lar3ake ho ? bAda meM holI ke rUpa meM aSTa karma rUpa IMdhana ko anubhava rUpa agni meM jalA dete haiM aura phalataH cAroM ora zAnti ho jAtI hai isI zivAnanda ko prApta karane ke lie kavi ne prerita kiyA hai|41 jisa samaya sArA nagara holI ke khela meM masta hai, sumati apane pati cetana ke abhAva meM kheda khinna hai| use isa bAta kA anyanta duHkha hai ki usakA pati apanI sauta kumati ke sAtha holI khela rahA hai| isalie socatI hai 'piyA vina kAso kheloM horI' (dyAnata pada saMgraha, pada 193) / saMyoga vaza cetanarAya ghara vApisa Ate haiM aura sumati tallIna hokara unake sAtha holI khelatI hai - bhalI bhaI yaha horI AI Aye cetanarAya (vahI, pada 193) / isI prakAra ve cetana se samatA rUpa prANapriyA ke sAtha 'chimA

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342 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vasanta' meM holI khelane kA Agraha karate haiN| prema ke pAnI meM karuNA kI kesara gholakara jJAna-dhyAna kI picakArI se holI khelate haiN| usa samaya guru ke vacana hI mRdaMga hai, nizcaya vyavahAra naya hI tAla haiM, saMyama hI itra hai, vimala vrata hI caulA hai, bhAva hI gulAla hai jise apanI jholI meM bhara lete haiM, dharama hI miThAI hai, tapa hI mevA hai, samarasa se Anandita hokara donoM holI khelate haiN| aise hI cetana aura samatA kI jor3I cirakAla taka banI rahe, yaha bhAvanA sumati apanI sakhiyoM se abhivyakta karatI hai - cetana khailau horI | samatA bhUmi chimA vasanta meM, samatA prAna priyA saMga gaurI // 1 // mana ko mATa prema ko pAnI, tAmeM karunA kesaraghora, jJAna dhyAna picakArI bhari bhari, Apa meM chArai horA horI ||2 // guru ke vacana mRdaMga bajata haiM, naya donoM, Dapha tAla TakorI, saMjama atara vimala vrata cauvA, bhAva gulAla bharai bhara jhorI / / dharama miThAI tapa bahumevA, samarasa Ananda amala kaTorI, dyAta sumani kaheM sakhiyana soM, cira jIvo yaha juga juga jorI / / # isI prakAra kavivara bhUdharadAsa kA bhI AdhyAtmika holI kA varNana dekhiye - 142 "aho doU raMga bhare khelata horI / / 1 / / alakha amUrati kI jorI / / inameM AtamarAma raMgIle, utate subuddhi kisorI / yA ke jJAna sakhA saMga sundara, vAke saMga samatA gaurI ||2|| suci mana salila dayA rasa kesari, udai kalasa meM ghorI / sudhi samajha sarala picakArI, sakhiya pyArI bhari bhari choTI ||3||

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343 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ sataguru sIkha tAna ghara pada kI, gAvata horA horI / pUrava baMdha abIra ur3Avata, dAna gulAla bhara jhorI / / 4 / / bhUdhara Aja bar3e bhAgina, sumati suhAgina morI / sau hI nAri sulachinI jana meM, jAsoM pati ne rani jorI / / 5 / / 1433 eka anya kRti meM bhUdharadAsa abhivyakta karate haiM, ki usakA cidAnanda jo abhI taka saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA thA, ghara vApisa A gayA hai| yahAM bhUdhara svayaM ko priyA mAnakara aura cidAnanda ko prItama mAnakara usake sAtha holI khelane kA nizcaya karate haiM - "horI khelUMgI ghara Aye cidaannd''| kyoMki mithyAtva kI zizira samApta ho gaI, kAlalabdhi kA pasanta AyA, bahuma samaya se jisa avasara kI pratIkSA thI, saubhAgya se vaha samaya A gayA, priya ke viraha kA anta ho gayA aba usake sAtha phAga khelanA hai| kavi ne yahAM zraddhA ko gagarI banAyA usameM ruci kA kezara gholA, Ananda kA jala DAlA aura phira umaMga bhI priya para picakArI chor3I kavi atyanta prasanna hai usakI kumati rUpa sauta kA viyoga ho gyaa| vaha cAhatA hai ki isI prakAra sumati banI rahe - 'horI khelUMgI ghara Ae cidAnanda / girA mithyAta gaI aba, AIM kAla kI labdhi vasaMta ||horii|| pIya saMga khelani koM, haya saiye tarasI kAla ananta / / bhAga jagyo aba mAga racanau, Ayo viraha ko aMta / / saradhA gAgari meM ruci rUpI kesara ghorI turanta / / Ananda nIra umaMga picakArI, choDUMgI nIkI bhaMta / / Aja viyoga kumati sonanikoM, mere haraSa ananta / / bhUdhara dhani ehI dina durlabha sumati rAkhI vihasaMta / /

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA navalarAma ne bhI esI hI holI khelane kA Agraha kiyA hai| unhoMne nija paraNati rUpa suhAgani aura sumatirUpa kizorI ke sAtha yaha khela khelane ke lie kahA hai| jJAna kA jala bharakara picakArI chor3I, krodha mAna kA abIra ur3AyA, rAga gulAla kI jhorI lI, saMtoSa pUrvaka zubha bhAvoM kA candana liyA, samatA kI kesara ghorI AtmA kI carcA kI, 'maganatA' kA tyAgakara karuNA kA pAna khAyA aura pavitra mana se nirmala raMga banAkara karma mala ko naSTa kiyaa| eka anyatra holI meM ve puna: kahate haiM - " jaise khela horI ko khelire" jisameM kumati ThagaurI ko tyAgakara sumati-gorI ke sAtha holI khela / " Age navalarAma yaha bhAva darzAte haiM ki unhoMne isI prakAra holI khelI jisase unheM ziva peDhI kA mArga mila gayA / 344 jaise khela horI kau khelire // kumati ThagorI kauM aba taji kari, tu sAtha sumati gorI ko / / navala hasI vidhi khelata hai, te pAvata haiM maga ziva paurI ko / / 146 budhajana bhI cetana ko sumati ke sAtha holI khelane kI salAha dete haiM - 'cetana khela sumati raMga horI / ' kaSAyAdi ko tyAgakara, samakita kI kezara gholakara mithyA kI zila ko cUra-cUrakara nija gulAla kI jhaurI dhAraNakara ziva-gorI ko prApta karane kI bAta kahI 147 hai| kavi ko vizuddhAtmA kI anubhUti hone para yaha bhI kaha dete hai - nijapura meM Aja macI horI / umagi cidAnanda jI ita Aye, ita AI sumatI gorI / loka lAja kulakAni gamAI, jJAna gulAla bharI jhorI / samakita kesara raMga banAyo, cArita kI picukI chorI /

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 345 gAvata ajapA gAna manohara, anahada jharasauM varasyo rI / dekhana Aye budhajana bhIge, nirakhyau khyAla anokhI rI / 148 " sarvatra holI dekhakara sumani parezAna ho kaha uThatI hai - 'aura sabai mili hori racAveM hUM, karake saMga khelUMgI horI' (budhajana vilAsa, pada 43) / isalie budhajana 'cetana khelasamuti saMga horI kahakara satguru kI sahAyatA se cetana ko sumati ke pAsa vApasa Ane kI salAha dete haiM ( budhajana vilAsa, pada 43) / AdhyAtmika rahasya bhAvanA se otaprota hone para kavi kA cetanarAya usake ghara vApasa A jAtA hai aura phira vaha usake sAtha holI khelane kA nizcaya karatA hai - 'aba ghara Aye cetanarAya, sajanI khelUMgI maiM horii| kumati ko dUrakara sumati ko prApta karatA hai, nija svabhAva ke jala se hauja bharakara nijaraMga kI rorI gholatA hai, zuddha picakArI lekara nija mita para chiDakatA hai aura apanI apUrva zakti ko pahacAna letA hai - ava ghara Aye cetanarAya, sajanI khelAMgI meM horI // Arasa soca kAni kula harikai, ghari dhIraja barajorI / burI kumati kI bAta na bUjhai, citavata haiM moorI, vA gurujana kI bali vali jAUM, dUri karI mati bhorI / / nija subhAva jala hauja bharAUM, ghoruM nijaraMga rorI / nija tyauM lyAya zuddha picakArI, chirakana nija mati dorI / / gAya rijhAya Apa vaza karikaiM, jAvana dyauM nahi paurI / budhajana raci mati rahUM niraMtara, zakti apUraba morI sajanI / / 149 daulatarAmajI kA mana bhI aisI ho holI khelatA hai| unhoMne mana ke mRdaMga sajAkara, tana ko taMbUrA banAkara, sumati kI sAraMgI bajAkara,

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346 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA samyaktva kA nIra bharakara karuNA kI kezara gholakara jJAna kI picakArI se paMcendriya-sakhiyoM ke sAtha holI khelii| AhArAdika caturdAna kI gulAla lagAI, tapa ke mevA ko apanI jholI meM rakhakara yaza kI abIra ur3AI aura aMta meM bhava-bhava ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane ke lie 'phAguA ziva horI' ke milana kI kAmanA karate haiN| kavi ne isI prasaMga meM bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki samyagjJAnI jIva karmo kI holI kisa prakAra khelatA hai - jJAnI aisI holI mcaaii|| rAga kiyo viparIta vipana ghara, kumati kusauti suhaaii| dhAra digambara kInha su saMvara nija parabheda lkhaaii| ghAta viSadinakI bcaaii|| jJAnI aisii.||1|| kumati sakhA bhaji dhyAnabheda sama, tana meM tAna uddaaii| kumbhaka tAla mRdaMgasoM pUraka recakabIna bjaaii| lagana anubhava sauM lgaaii||jnyaanii aisii.||2|| karma batItA rasAnAma dhari veda suindri gnaaii| de tapa agni bhasama kari tinako, dhUla aghAti udd'aaii| karI ziva tiya kI titAI ||jnyaanii.||3|| jJAna ko phAga bhAga vaza Avai lAkha karau cturaaii| so guru dInadayAla kRpA kari daulata tohi btaaii| nahIM citta se visarAI, jJAnI / / 4 / / 51 5. paMca - kalyANaka vivAha, phAgu aura holiyoM ke sAtha hI jaina sAdhakoM ne apane

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ 347 iSTadeva ke paMca-kalyANakoM kA bhI kAvyamaya AdhyAtmika varNana kiyA hai| paramparAoM ko kAvyamAlA meM gUMtha denA unakI vizeSatA hai| devIdevatAoM dvArA bhagavAna ke mAtA-pitA kI sevA-suzruSA, arcA-pUjA, unake garbha meM Ate hI prArambha kara dI jAtI hai| janma hone para kubera dvArA nirmita mAyAmayI airAvata para baiThakara indra-indrANI bhagavAna ke mAtApitA ke pAsa Ate haiM aura mAyAmayI bAlaka ko mAM ke pAsa liTAkara bhagavAna ko pAMDuka zilA para le jAkara eka hajAra ATha kalazoM se srAna karate haiN| isI taraha dIkSA tapa aura nirvANa kA varNana bhI jaina kaviyoM ne pAramparika mAnyatAoM ke sAtha kAvyamayI vANI meM kiyA hai| bhUdharadAsa use vacanamagocara mAnate haiM - kahi thakaiM loka lakha jIbha na sake varana (bhUdharavilAsa, pada 39) aura daulatarAma tRpta hokara mukti rAha kI ora bar3hate haiM - 'daulata nAhi lakhe cakha tRptahi sUjhata zivavaTavA' (daulata vilAsa, pada 39) / kavivara banArasIdAsa ne zuddhopayoga ko malU nakSatra meM utpanna 'beTA' kA rUpa dekara bahuta hI sundara varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki jisa prakAra mUla nakSatra meM utpanna bAlaka parivAra ke vinAza kA kAraNa hotA hai usI prakAra zuddhopayoga ke utpanna hone para mamatA, moha, lobha, kAma, kodha Adi sAre vikAra bhAva dhvasta ho jAte haiN| 'mUlana beAjAyoresAdhau, jAnaikhoja kuTumba sbkhaayoresaadho| janamata mAtA mamatA khAi loka va doI bhaaii|| kAma, krodha doI kAkA khAye, khAI tRSanA daaii| pApI pApa parosI khAyo azubha, karama doI maamaa| mAna nagara ko rAjA khAyo, phaila parau saba gaamaa|| duramati dAdI khAI dAdau, mukha dekhata hI muuo| maMgalAcAra bajAye bAje, jaba yo bAlaka huo|

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348 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA nAma dharayau bAlaka kauM bhauMdU, rUpa varana kUchU naahiiN| nAma dharateM pAMDe khaye, kahata banArasI bhaaii| (banArasIvilAsa, pR. 238) isa prakAra madhyakAlIna hindI ke jaina sAdhakoM dvArA likhita vivAha, phAgu aura holiyAM Adi AdhyAtmarasa se sikta aisI dArzanika kRtiyA~ haiM jinameM eka ora upamA, utpekSA, rUpaka, prIka Adi ke mAdhyama se jaina dArzanika siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai vahIM dUsarI ora tAtkAlIna paramparAoM kA bhI sundara citraNa huA hai| donoM ke samanvita rUpa se sAhitya kI chaTA kucha anupama-sI pratIta hotI hai| sAdhaka kI rahasyabhAvanA kI abhivyakti kA ise eka sundara mAdhyama kahA jA sakatA hai| vizuddhAvasthA kI prApti, cidAnanda caitanyarasa kA pAna, parama sukha kA anubhava tathA rahasya kI upalabdhi kA bhI paripUrNa jJAna ina vidhAoM se jhalakatA hai| jaina sAdhakoM kI rahasya-sAdhanA meM bhakti, yoga sahaja bhAvanA aura premabhAvanA kA samanvaya huA hai| ina sabhI mArgoM kA avalambana lekara sAdhaka apane parama lakSya para pahuMcA hai aura usane parama satya ke darzana kiye haiN| usake aura paramAtmA ke bIca banI khAI paTa gaI hai| donoM milakara vaise hI ekAkAra aura samarasa ho gaye jaise jala aura trNg| yaha ekAkAratA bhakta sAdhaka ke sahaja svarUpa kA pariNAma hai jisase usakA bhAvabhInA hRdaya sukha-sAgara meM laharAtA rahatA hai aura anirvacanIya AnaMda kA upabhoga karatA rahatA hai|

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aSTama parivarta rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana __ jaisA hama pichale pRSThoM meM dekha cuke haiM, rahasyabhAvanA adhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM eka aisA asImita tattva hai jisameM saMsAra se lekara saMsAra se vinirmukta hone kI sthiti taka sAdhaka anucintana aura anuprekSaNa karatA rahatA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM hama rahasyabhAvanA ke pramukha bAdhaka tattvoM se lekara sAdhaka tattvoM aura rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA saMkSipta tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara rahe haiN| isa sandarbha meM hamane madhyakAlIna hindI sAhitya ke jAyasI kabIra, sUra, tulasI, mIrA Adi jaise rahasyavAdI jainetara kaviyoM ke vicAra dekhe haiM aura unake tathA jaina kaviyoM ke vicAroM meM sAmya-vaiSamya khojane kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai| 1. sAdhanA mUlaka rahasyabhAvanA 1. sAdhaka bAdhaka tattva - 1. bAdhaka tattva 1. saMsAra-cintana saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA aura anityazIlatA para sabhI AdhyAtmika santoM ne cintana kiyA hai| saMsAra kA artha hai saMsaraNa arthAt janma-maraNa / yaha janma-maraNa zubhAzubha karmo ke kAraNa hotA hai - 'evaM bhavasaMsArai suhAsu hohiM kmmehiN|" upaniSad, tripiTaka, Agama Adi granthoM meM etat sambandhI aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| AcAryoM ne zarIra aura sAMsArika viSayoM ko moha kA kAraNa mAnA hai|

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350 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA unhoMne yaha bhI anubhava kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra jIva aura zarIra kA sambandha samApta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra sabhI AtmIya jana bhI bichur3a jAte haiN| mAtA-pitA, patnI, putra, bhAI Adi sabhI loka mRta vyakti ko jalAkara rote-cillAte vApisa cale jAte haiM parantu usake sAtha jAtA koI nhiiN| jagajIvana ne isalie saMsAra ko 'dhana kI chAyA' batAkara putra, kalatra, mitra Adi ko 'udaya pudgala juri AyA' kahA hai| kabIra ne use semara ke phUla-sA aura dAdU ne use semara ke phUla tathA bakarI kI bhAMti kahakara khaNDa-khaNDa vAMTI jAne vAlI pAMkharI batAyA hai| jAyasI ne saMsAra ko svapnavat, mithyA aura mAyAmaya batalAyA hai|' sUra ne isI tathya ko nimnAMkita rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai : jA dina mana paMchI ur3i jai hai / jina laugana sau neha karata haiM teI dekhi dhine haiN| ghara ke kahata sakAre kAThI bhUta hoI dhari khaihaiN| nAnaka ne bhI 'Adha ghar3I koU nahiM rAkhata dhara taiM deta nikAra" kahakara isI bhAva ko vyakta kiyA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne to anitya bhAvanA ke mAdhyama se ise aura bhI adhika tIvra svara diyA hai| paM. daulatarAma ne isa bhautika padArtho ke svabhAva ko 'suradhanu capalA capalAI kahA hai|11 tulasIdAsa ne bhI saMsAra kI asAratA ko nimna zabdoM meM citrita kiyA hai meM tohi aba jAnyau, saMsAra / bAMdhi na sakahi mohi hari ke bala pragaTa kapaTa-AgAra / / dekhata hI kamanIya, kachU nAhina puni kie vicAra / jyoM badalI taru madhya nihArata kabahU na nikasata sAra / /

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___ rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 351 tere lie janma aneka meM phirata na pAyoM pAra / maho moha-mRga jala saritA mahaM borayo hoM bArahiM bAra / / isI prakAra sUra ne bhI saMsAra ko seMmala ke samAna nissAra aura jIva ko usa para mugdha hone vAle suA ke samAna kahA hai - re mana mUrakha janama gaMvAyauM / kari abhimAna viSaya rasa gIdhyau, syAma sarana nahiM Ayau // 13 yaha saMsAra suA semara jyauM, sundara dekhi lubhAyI / cAkhana lAgyau kaI gaI ur3i, hAtha kachU nahiM Ayau / / dyAnatarAya ne use 'jhUThA supanA yaha sNsaar| dIsata hai jisata nahIM ho bAra' kahA aura bhUdharadAsa ne use 'raina kA sapanA' tathA 'vAri-babUla' maanaa| jagajIvana ne dhana 'dhana kI chAyA' ke sAtha hI rAga-dveSa ko 'vagu paMkati dIradha' khaa| banArasIdAsa ne to saMsAra ke svabhAva ko nadI-nAva kA saMyoga jesA citrita kiyA hai - cetana tU tihukAla akelA / tadI nAva saMyoga mile jyoM tyoM kuTumba kA melA / yaha saMsAra asAra rUpa saba jyoM paTakhelana khelA / sukha sampatti zarIra jala buda buda vinasata nAhI belA / / isI bhAva se milatA-julatA sUra kA pada bhI dRSTavya hai :hari bina apanau ko saMsAra / mAyA lobha moha haiM chAMDe kAla nadI kI dhAra / jyauM jana saMgati hota nAva meM rahiti na paralai pAra / taisaiM dhana-dArA-sukha sampatti, vichurata lagai na bAra / mAnuSa-janama nAma narahari ko, milai na bArambAra / / "

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352 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA eka anyatra pada meM sUradAsa saMsAra aura saMsAra kI mAyA ko mithyA mAnate haiM - 'mithyA yaha saMsAra aura aura mithyA yaha mAyA mithyA hai yaha deha kahau kyauM hari visraayaa|" jaina kavi banArasIdAsa janma gaMvAne ke kAraNoM ko bhI ginA dete haiN| unake bhAvoM meM jo gaharAI aura anubhUti jhalakatI hai vaha sUra ke ukta padya meM nahIM dikhAI detI hai - vA dina ko kara soca jiye mana meM / / anaja kiyA vyApArI tUne, TAMDA lAdA bhArI re / ochI pUMjI jUA khelA, Akhira bAjI hArI re / / .... jhUThe nainA ulaphata bAMdhI, kisakA sonA kisakI caaNdii|| ika dina pavana calegI AMdhI kisakI bIbI kisakI baaNdii|| nAhaka citta lagAve dhana meM / 19 2. zarIra se mamatva sAdhakoM ne zarIra kI vinazvaratA para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| vAlyAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA yoM hI nikala jAtI hai, yuvAvasthA meM vaha viSaya vAsanA kI ora daur3atA hai aura jaba vRddhAvasthA A jAtI hai taba vaha pazcAttApa karatA hai ki kyoM vaha adhyAtma kI ora se vimukha rhaa| kabIra ne vRddhAvasthA kA citraNa karate hue bar3emArmika zabdoM meM kahA hai - tarunApana gai bIta bur3hApA Ani tulAne / kAMpana lAge sIsa calata dou carana pirAne / naina nAsikA cUvana lAge mukhateM Avata vAsa / kapha pita kaThe gheri liyo hai chUTi gaI ghara kI Asa / / " sUra ne bhI indriyoM kI bar3hatI huI kamajorI kA isI prakAra varNana kiyA hai -

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 353 bAlApana khelata khoyo, juA viSaya rasa maate| vRddha bhaye sudhi pragaTI, mo ko, dukhita pukArata taateN| sutana tajyotriya bhrAta tajyo saba, tanateM tucA bhaI nyArI / zravana na sunata carana gati thAkI, naina bahe jaladhArI / palita kesa kaNTha aba ruMdhyo kala na parai dina rAtI / / 21 banArasIdAsa ne jIvana ko gyAraha avasthAoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai aura pratyeka avasthA kI avadhi dasa varSa mAnI hai|" bhUdharadAsa ne vRddhAvasthA ko jIrNazIrNa carakhe kI upamA dekara use aura bhI mArmika banA diyA- carakhA calatA nAhI (re) carakhA huA purAnA (ve)|" dAdU ne kabIra aura sUra ke samAna zravaNa, nayana aura kesa kI thakAna kI bAta kI para unhoMne zabda-kaMpana kA vizeSa varNana kiyA- 'mukha te zabda nikala bhai vANI' 'bhUdharadAsa ne to dAdU ke citraNa ko bhI mAta kara diyA jahA~ ve kahate haiM 124 - rasanA takalI ne bala khAyA, so aba kese khUTai / zabada sUta sudhA nahiM nikasai ghar3I ghar3I pala TUTai / " 25 .1,27. eka anya citraNa meM unhoMne zarIra kI jIrNAvasthA kA yathArtha citraNa dekara anta meM 'yaha gati hai| jaba taka pachatai hai prANI' kahakara pazcAttApa kI bAta kahI hai|" isI prakAra ke pazcAttApa kI bAta dAdU ne 'prANa purisa pachitAvaNa lgaa| dAdU ausara kahai na jAgA' kahakara kI aura kabIra ne 'kahai eka rAma bhajana vina bUr3e bahuta bahuta saMyAnta' likhakara use vyakta kiyaa| daulatarAma ne sundaradAsa ke samAna hI zarIra kI apavitratA kA varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne use 'asthinAla palanasAjAla kI lAla-lAla jala kyArI' batAyA aura sundaradAsa ne "hAtha pAMva soU saba hAr3ana kI nalI hai" kahA / " 1128

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354 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA zarIra kI vinazvaratA ke sandarbha meM socate-socate sAdhaka saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA para cintana karane lagatA hai| jaina-jainetara sAdhakoM ne eka svara se jIvana ko kSaNika mAnA hai| tulasIdAsa ne jIvana kI kSaNikatA ko bar3e kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se 'kalikAla kudAra liye phiratA tanu nabhra hai, cora jhilI na jhilI' rUpa meM khaa|" aura bhUdharadAsa ne use "kAlakuThAra lie sira ThAr3A kyA samajhai mana phUlA re' rUpa se sambodhita kiyaa| kabIra ne zarIra ko kAgaja kA putalA kahA jo sahaja meM hI ghula jAtA hai - mana re tana kAgada kA putalA / lAgai bUMda vinasi jAi china meM, garaba karai kyA itanA / mATI khodahiM bhIMta usArai, aMdha kahai ghara merA / Avai talava bAdhi le cAle, bahuri na karihe pherA / khoTa kapaTa kari yahu dhana joyau, lai dharatI meM gADyau / / rokyau ghaTi sAMsa nahIM nikasai, Thaura-Thaura saba chADyau / / kahai kabIra naTa nATika thAke, madalA kauna bajAvai / gaye paSaniyAM ujharI bAjI, ko kAhU ke aavai||3 isI tathya ko bhagavatIdAsa ne 'ghaTai terI Ava kache trAhiM ko upAvare' kahakara abhivyakta kiyA hai| kabIra ne saMsAra ko 'kAgada kI pur3iyA' bhI kahA hai jo bUMda par3e ghula jAtI hai| mAtA, pitA, parivAra jana sabhI svArtha ke sAthI haiM jo zarIra ke naSTa hone para use jalAkara vApisa A jAte haiN| mana phUlA-phUlA phirai jagata meM kaisA nAtA re / mAtA kahe yaha putra hamArA vahana kahe bira merA / bhAI kahai yaha bhujA hamArI nArI kahai nara merA / peTa pakari ke mAtA rovai bAMha pakari ke bhAI /

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355 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana lapaTi jhapaTi ke tiriyA rovai haMsa akelA jAI / cAra gajI caragajI maMgAyA car3hA kATha kI ghodd'ii| cAroM kone Aga lagAyA phUMka diyo jasa horI / hAr3a jarai jasalAha kar3I ko kesa jarai jasa ghaasaa| sonA aisI kAyA jari gaI koI na aayopaasaa|| kavivara dyAnatarAya ne bhI ina sAMsArika sambandhoM ko isI prakAra mithyA aura jhUThA mAnA hai| ajJAnI jIva unako merA-merA kahakara AtmajJAna se dUra rahatA hai - mithyA yaha saMsAra hai re, jhUThA yaha saMsAra hai / / jo dehI baha rasa soM poSai, so nahi saMga calai o, aurana ko tauhi kauna bharosau, nAhaka moha karai / / sukha kI bAteM bUjhai nAhIM, dukha kauM sukha lekheM re| mUDhau mAMhI mAtA Dolai, sAdhau nAla Darai / jhUTha kamAtA jhUThI khAtA jhUThI Apa japai au| sacchA sAI sUjhai nAhIM, kyoM kara pAra lagai au|| jama sauM DaratA phUlA phiratA, karatA maiM maiM maire| dyAnata syAta soI jAnA, jojapa tapa dhyAna dhrairai||" 3. mithyAtva, moha aura mAyA jaba se darzana kI utpatti huI hai tabhI se mithyAtva, moha aura mAyA kA sambandha usake sAtha jur3A huA hai| Rgveda meM 'mAyA' zabda kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se veza badalane ke artha meM prayukta huA hai|"upnissd kAla meM isane darzana kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA aura ise paramAtmA kI sRjana kA pratIka kahA gyaa| saMsArI AtmA isI mAyA se Abaddha banI rahatI hai| jainadharma ise mithyAtva, moha aura karma kahatA hai jisake kAraNa jIva saMsAra bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| bauddhoM ne bhI ise inhIM zabdoM ke

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356 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai| unhoMne isake aneka rUpa batAye haiM - svapnavAda, kSaNikavAda aura shuunyvaad| inhIM ko RSiyoM ne adhyAsa, anirvacanIya, khyAtivAda Adi ke sahAre spaSTa kiyA hai|" advaita vedAnta ke anusAra AtmA mAyA dvArA hI sRSTi kA nimittopAdAna kAraNa hai aura usake dUra hone se eka AtmA athavA brahma hI zeSa raha jAtA hai| isake viparIta tAMtrikoM kA mAyAvAda hai| jahA~ mAyA mithyA rUpa nahIM balki sadrUpa hai| Adi aura madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne mithyAtva, moha aura karma ko apane kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai jise hama paMcama parivarta meM dekha cuke haiN| saguNa-nirguNa hindI ke anya kaviyoM ne bhI mAyA ke isI rUpa kA varNana kiyA hai jAyasI ne brahmavilAsa meM mAyA aura zaitAna ye do tattva bAdhaka mAne haiN| alAuddIna aura rAghava ko cetana ke zaitAna ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| ratnasena jaisA siddha sAdhaka usakI acintya zakti ke sAmane ghuTane Teka detA hai| mAyA ko kavi ne nArI kA pratirUpa mAnA hai|" mAyA ahaMkAra aura jar3atA ko bhI vyaMjita karatI hai| alAuddIna ko ahaMkAra kA avatAra batAyA gayA hai| 'nAgamatI yaha duniyAM dhaMdhA' kahakara nAgamatI ko bhI mAyA kA pratIka mAnA hai| mAyA, chala, kapaTa, strI Adi zabda samAnArthaka hai| jAyasI ne isIlie nArI (nAgamatI) ke svabhAva ko prastuta kara mithyAtva, mAyA aura mohako abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| jo tiriyAM ke kAja na jAnA / pare dhokha pIche pachatAnA / / nAgamati nAgini budhi tAU / sudhA mayUra hoi nahiM kAU / / " sUra ne ballabhAcArya kA anukaraNa karate hue mAyA ko Izvara kI hI zakti kA pratIka mAnA hai| vaha satya aura bhrama donoM rUpa hai| zaMkarAcArya kI dRSTi meM avidyA ke dUra hone para jIva aura jagat kA bhI

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 357 nAza ho jAtA hai para ballabhAcArya use nahIM maante| ve kevala saMsAra kA nAza mAnate haiM mAyA to unakI dRSTi meM paramAtmA kI hI zakti hai| jisake cakkara se zaMkara, brahma Adi jaise mahAmAnava bhI nahIM baca sakeM" sUra ne mAyA ko bhujaMginI, naTinI, mohanI bhI khaa| kAma, krodha, tRSNA Adi vikAra bhI mAyAjanya hI haiN| mAyA hI avidyA athavA mithyAtva hai jisake kAraNa bhautika saMsAra satyavat pratIta hotA hai| yahI saMsAra bhramaNa kA kAraNa hai|" mIrA punarjanma meM vizvAsa karatI thii| punarjanma kA kAraNa avidyA, moha athavA karma hai| saMcita (atIta), saMcIyamAna (bhAvI) aura prArabdha (vartamAna) karmo meM saMcita karma hI punarjanma ke kAraNa hai| mIrA ke vividha rUpa usake pratIka haiN| karma kI zakti kA varNana mIrA ne nimnalikhita padya meM spaSTa kiyA hai - karama gati TArA nArI TarAM / satavAdI haracandrA rAjA Doma ghara nIrAM bharAM / / pAMca pAMDurI rAnI dupadA hAr3a himAlAM garAM / jagya kiyA bali lena indrAsana jAyAM patAla parAM / mIrA re prabhu giradhara nAgara bikharUM amarita karAM / / " tulasI kisa darzana ke anuyAyI the yaha Aja bhI vivAda kA viSaya banA huA hai| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki ve ballabhAcArya ke vizeSa anuyAyI rahe hoNge| ballabhAcArya ke samAna hI unhoMne bhI mAyA ko rAma kI zakti mAnA hai - 'mana mAyA sambhava sNsaaraa| jAva carAcara vividha prakArA' tathA aru mora tora maayaa|jeNhi basa kInheM jIva nikaayaa|' kavi ke anya dohe se bhI yaha spaSTa hai - mAyA jIva subhAva guna kAla karama mahadAdi / Isa aMka te bar3hata saba Isa aMka binu bAdi / / 1

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358 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jaina sAdhakoM aura kabIra ke mAyA sambandhI vicAra milatejulate se haiN| kabIra ne mAyA ko chAyA ke samAna mAnA hai jo prayatna karane para bhI grahaNa nahIM kI jA sktii| phira bhI jIva usake pIche daur3atA hai| banArasIdAsa ne bhI use chAyA kahakara sundara zayyA kahA hai jisapara mohI moha-nidrA se grasta ho jAtA hai|" kabIra aura bhUdharadAsa donoM ne mAyA ko ThaginI kahA hai| kabIra ne isa mAyA ke vibhinna rUpa aura nAma batAye haiM aura use kathanIya kahA hai - mAyA mahA ThaginI hama jAnI / niraguna phAMsa liye kara Daule, baule madhurI vAnI, kezava ke kamalA havai baiThI, ziva ke bhavana zivAnI / paMDA ke mUrati havai baiThI tIratha meM bhaI pAnI, jogI ke jogina havai baiThI rAjA ke ghara rAnI / / kAhU ke hIrA havai baiThI, kAhU ke kaur3I kAnI, bhagatana ke bhagatina havai baiThI brahmA ke brahmAnI / kahata kabIra suno ho saMto, yaha saba akatha kahAnI / kabIra ke samAna hI bhUdharadAsa ne mAyA ko 'ThaganI' zabda se sambodhita kiyA hai aura use bijalI kI AtmA ke samAna mAnA hai jo ajJAnI prANiyoM ko lalacAtI rahatI hai| isakA jarA bhI vizvAsa karane para pachatAnA hI hAtha lagatA haiM Age bhUdharadAsa jI kete kaMtha kiye te kulaTA, to bhI mana na adhAyA' kahakara usake rahasya ko spaSTa kara dete haiM parantu kabIra use kathanIya kahakara hI raha jAte haiN| sUni ThaganI mAyA, tai saba jaga Thaga khAyA / Tuka vizvAsa kiyA jina terA, so mUrakha pachatAyA / / AbhA tanaka dikhAya bijju, jyoM mUDhamatI lalacAyA / kari mava aMdha dharma hara lInoM, anta naraka pahuMcAyA / /

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kete kaMtha kiye taiM kulaTA, to bhI mana na adhAyA / kisa hI sauM nahiM prIti nibhAI, vaha taji aura lubhAyA / / bhUdhara chalata phirata yaha sabakoM, bhauMdU kari jaya pAyA / jo isa ThaganI ko Thaba baiThe, maiM tinako zira nAyA / / 57 359 anyatra padoM meM kabIra ne mAyA ko sAre saMsAra ko nAgapAza meM bAMdhane vAlI cANDAlini Domini aura sApita Adi kahA hai| saMta Anandaghana bhI mAyA ko aise hI rUpa meM mAnate haiM aura usase sAvadhAna rahane kA upadeza dete haiN| "kabIra kA bhI isI Azaya se yukta pada hai - abadhU aiso jJAna vicArI, tAthai bhAI puriSa thaiM nArI / / nAM hUM patnI nAM hUM kkArI, pUta janyUM dhau kArI / kAlI mUNDa kau eka na choDayau ajahUM akana kuvArI / / brahmana ke bahmanerI kahiyau, jogI ke ghara celI / kalamA paDhi paDha bhaI turakanI, ajahUM phirauM akelI / / pIhari jAuM na rahUM sAsurai, puraSahiM aMgi na lAUM / kahai kabIra sunahu re santoM, aMgahi aMga na dhuvAUM / / " 59 60 tulasIdAsa ne mAyA ko vamana kI bhAMti tyAjya btaayaa| " malUkadAsa ne use kAlI nAgina " aura dAdU ne sarpiNI" kahA / jAyasI", sUra aura tulasI" ne isa saMsAra ko svapnavat kahA jisameM saMsArI nirarthaka hI mohI banA rahatA hai / bhUdharadAsa ne bhI saMsAra ke tamAze ko svapna ke samAna dekhA hai - " dekhyA bIca jahAna ke svapane kA ajava tamAzA ve / / ekauMke ghara maMgala gAvaiM pUgI mana kI AsA / eka viyoga bhare bahu rauvaiM, bhari bhari nena nirAsA ||1|| teja turaMganipai car3hi calate paharaiM malamala khAsA

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360 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA raMga bhaye nAge ati Daulai, nA koI deya dilAsA / / tarakaiM rAja takhata para baiThA, thA khuzavakta khulAsA / ThIka dupaharI mUdata AI, jaMgala kInA vAsA / / 3 / / tana dhana athira nihAyata jaga meM, pAnI mAMhi patAsA / bhUdhara inakA garava kareM je phiTa tinakA janamAsA / / 4 / / mithyAtva, moha aura mAyA ke kAraNa hI jIva meM krodha, lobha rAga, dveSAdika vikAroM kA janma hotA hai| tulasI ne inako atyanta upadrava karane vAle mAnasika rogoM ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| sUra ne inako paridhAna mAnakara saMsAra kA kAraNa mAnA hai - aba maiM nAcyo bahuta gopAla / kAmakrodha ko pahiri colanA kaNTha viSaya kI mAla / mahAmoha ke nupUra bAjata niMdA-zabda rasAla / bhrama-mAyo mana bhayo SakhAvaja calata asaMgata cAla / tRSNA nAda karati ghaTa bhItara, nAnA vidhi de tAla / mAyA ko kaTi pheTA bAMdhyoM lobha tilaka diyau bhau / koTika kalA kAchi dikharAI jala thala sudhiM naMhiMkAla / sUradAsa kI sabai avidyA dUri karau nandalAla / / isIlie bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ina vikAroM se dUra rahane kI salAha dete haiN| karma bhI mithyAtva kA kAraNa hai| tulasI ne unheM sukha-duHkha kA hetu mAnA hai - 'kAhU na hoU sukha duHkhakara daataa| nija kRta karma bhoga sukha bhraataa|"nuur bhI "janama janama bahu karama kie haiM tinameM Apuma Apa badhApe' kahakara yaha batAyA hai ki unheM bhoge binA koI bhI unase mukta nahIM ho sktaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne "karmana ke hAtha de bikAye jaga jIva savai, karma joI kare soI inake prabhAta hai 'likhakara

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 361 karma kI mahattA ko prakaTa kiyA hai / mIrA ne karmo kI prabala zakti ko isI prakAra prakaTa kiyA hai| budhajana bhI isI prakAra karmo kI anivArya zakti kA vyAkhyAna kara use purANoM se udAharaNa dekara spaSTa karate haiM - karmana kI rekhA nyArI re vidhinA TArI nA~hiM Tarai / rAvaNa tIna khaNDa ko rAjA china meM naraka paDai / chappana koTa parivAra kRSNa ke vana meM jAya mare / / 1 / / hanumAna kI mAta anjanA bana vana rudana karai / bharata bAhubali doU bhAI kaisA zuddha karai / / 2 / / rAma aru lakSmaNa donoM bhAI kaisAsiya ke saMga vanamAMhi phire / sItA mahAsatI pativratA jalatI agani pare / / 3 / / pAMDava mahAbalI se yoddhA tinakI triyA ko harai / kRSNa rukmaNI ke suta pradyumna janamata deva harai / / 4 / / ko laga kathanI kIjaiM inakI likhatA grantha bhre| dharma sahita ye karama kauna sA budhajana' yoM ucre||5|| 4. mana sAdhanA meM mana kI zakti acintya hai| vaha saMsAra ke bandha aura mokSa donoM kA kAraNa hotA haiM mana ko viSaya vAsanAoM kI ora se haTAkara jaba use AtmA meM hI sthira kara lete haiM to vaha yogayukta avasthA kahI jAtI hai| kaThopaniSad meM isI ko paramagati kahA gayA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya se yukta jIva kA vIrya pariNAma rUpa prANiyoga kahalAtA hai| aura yahI yoga mokSa kA kAraNa hai| isalie yogIndu ne use paMcendriyoM kA svAmI batAyA hai aura use vaza meM karanA Avazyaka kahA hai| gaur3apAda ne usakI zakti ko pahicAnakara saMsAra ko mana kA prapaMca mAtra kahA hai| kabIra ne mAyA aura mana ke sambandha ko avicchinna kahakara use sarvatra duHkha aura pIr3A kA kAraNa kahA

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362 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA hai| mAyA mana ko usI prakAra bigAr3a detI hai jisa prakAra kAMjI dUdha ko bigAr3a detI hai / mana se mana kI sAdhanA bhI kI jAtI hai| mana dvArA mana ke samajhAne para carama satya kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| "caMcala citta ko nizcala karane para hIrAma-rasAyana kA pAna kiyA jA sakatA hai - yaha kAcA khela na hoI jana paTatara khele koI / citta caMcala nihacala kIje, taba rAma rasAyana pIjai / / eka anyatra pada meM kabIra mana ko saMbodhita karate hue kahate haiM - he mana ! tU kyoM vyartha bhramaNa karatA phiratA hai ? tU viSayAnandoM meM saMlipta hai kintu phira bhI tujhe santoSa nhiiN| tRSNAoM ke pIche bAvalA banA huA phiratA hai| manuSya jahAM bhI paga bar3hAtA hai use mAyA-moha kA bandhana jakar3a letA hai| AtmA rUpI svaccha svarNa thAlI ko usane pApoM se kaluSita kara diyA hai| ThIka isI prakAra kI vicAra-saraNI banArasIdAsa aura budhajana jaise jaina sAdhakoM ne bhI abhivyakta kI hai| bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa ne kabIra ke samAna hI mana kI zakti ko pahicAnA aura use zabdoM meM isa prakAra gUMthane kA prayatna kiyA - mana balI na dUsaro, dekhyau ihi saMsAra / / tIna loka meM phirata hI, jAtana lAge bAra / / 8 / / mana dAsana ko dAsa hai, mana bhUpana ko bhUpa / / mana saba bAtani yogya hai, mana kI kathA anUpa / / 9 / / mana rAjA kI sena saba, indrina se umarAva / / rAta dinA daurata phirai, kare aneka anyAva / / 10 / / indriya se umarAva jiMha, viSaya deza vicaraMta / / bhaiyA tiha mana bhUpa ko, ko jIte vina saMta / / 1 / / mana caMcala mana capala ati, mana bahu karma kamAya / / mana jIte bina AtamA, mukti kaho kima thAma / / 12 / /

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 363 mana so jodhA jagata meM, aura dUsaro nAhiM / / tAhi pachArai so subhaTa, jIta lahai jaga mAhiM / / 13 / / mana indriya ko bhUpa hai, tAhi kare jI jau jera / / sau sukha pAve mukti ke, yA meM kachU na phera / / 14 / / jata tana mUMdyo dhyAna meM, iMdriya bhaI nirAza / / taba iha Atama brahma ne, kIne nija parakAza / / 15 / / kabIra ke samAna jagatarAma bhI mana kI mAyA ke vaza mAnate haiM aura use anartha kA kAraNa kahate haiN| jaina kavi brahmadIpa ne mana ko karama saMbodhana karake use bhava-vana meM vicaraNa na karane ko kahA hai kyoMki vahAM aneka viSa beleM lagI huI hai jinako khAne se bahuta kaSTa hogA - mana karahA bhava banimA carai, tadi viSa bellarI bahuta / tahUM caraMtahaM bahu dukhu pAiyau, taba jAnahi gau mIta / / 5. bAhyADambara sAdhanA ke Antarika aura bAhya svarUpoM meM se kabhI kabhI sAdhakoM ne bAhyADambaroM kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyaa| aisI sthiti meM jJAnArAdhanA kI apekSA kriyAkANDa athavA karmakANDa kI lokapriyatA adhika huii| parantu vaha sAdhanA kA vAstavika svarUpa nahIM thaa| jina sAdhakoM ne usake vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhA unhoMne muNDana, tIrthasthAna, yajJa, pUjA, Adi bAhya kriyAkANDoM kA ghanaghora virodha kiyaa| yaha kriyAkAMDa sAdhAraNataH vaidika saMskRti kA aMga bana cukA thaa| jainAcArya yogIndu ne jJAna ke binA tIrthasthAna ko bilkula

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA nirarthaka batAyA hai|" muni rAmasiMha ne bhI usase AbhyaMtara mala ghulanA asaMbhava mAnA hai|" ye AcArya kundakunda se bhalIbhAMti prabhAvita rahe haiN| siddha sarahapAda ne bhI tIrthasthAna Adi bAhyAcAra kA khaNDana kara acelAvasthA, picchi, kezaluMcana Adi kriyAoM kI nimna prakAra se AlocanA kI hai-" 364 yadi naMgAye hoi mukti to zunaka - zrRgAlahu / loma upATe hoi siddhi to yuvati nitambahu / / picchi gahe dekheu jo mokSa to mArehu caramahuM / umcha- bhojane hoi jJAna to karihuM turaMgahu || saraha mane kSapaNa kI mokSa, mohi tanika na bhAvai / tattva rahita kAyA na tApa, para kevala sAdhai / / kabIra ne bhI dhArmika andhavizvAsoM, pAkhaNDoM aura bAhyADambaroM ke virodha meM tIkSNa vyaMgyoktiyAM kasI haiM / mAtra mUrtipUjA karane vAloM" aura mUr3a mur3Ane vAloM" ke Upara kaTu prahAra kiyA hai| kabIra kA vicAra hai ki inase bAhyAcAroM ke grahaNa karane kI pravRtti to banI rahatI hai parantu mana nirvikAra nahIM hotA isalie hAtha kI mAlA ko tyAgakara kavi ne mana ko vaza meM karane kA Agraha kiyA hai / " jogI khaMDa meM bAhyAcAra virodha kI halkI bhAvanA jAyasI meM bhI milatI hai jaba ratnasena jyotiSI ke kahane para uttara detA hai ki prema mArga meM dina, ghar3I Adi bAhyAcAra para dRSTi nahIM rakhI jAtI / " anyatra sthaloM para bhI unhoMne jhakajhora dene vAle karAre vyaMgya kiye haiN| nagna rahane se hI yadi yoga hotA hai to mRga ko bhI mukti mila jAtI aura yadi muNDana karane se

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 365 svarga milatA to bher3a bhI svarga phuNctii| sundaradAsa, jagajIvana , bhIkhA Adi santoM ne bhI ina bAhyAcAroM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| tulasI ne bhI kahA ki, japa, tapa, tIrthasthAna Adi kriyAyeM rAmabhakti ke binA vaisI hI haiM jaise hAthI ko bAMdhane ke lie dhUla kI rassI bnaanaa|103 aneka devatAoM kI sevA, zmazAna meM tAntrika sAdhanA prayoga meM zarIra tyAga Adi AcAra avidyAjanya haiN| madhyakAlIna jaina santoM ne bhI apanI paramparA ke anusAra bAhyAcAroM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| jainadharma meM binA vizuddhamana aura jJAnapUrvaka kiyA gayA AcAra karmabandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne kabIrAdi santoM ke svara se milAkara bAhya kriyAoM meM vyasta sAdhuoM kI tIkhI AlocanA kI hai| vRkSa ke mUla meM rahanA, jaTAdi dhAraNa karanA, tIrthasnAnAdi karanA jJAna ke binA bekAra haiM koTi koTi kaSTa sahe, kaSTa meM zarIra dahe, dhUmapAna kiyo pai na pAyau bheda tana ko / vRkSana ke mUla rahe jaTAna meM jhUli rahai, mAna madhya mali rahe kiye kaSTa tana ko / / tIratha aneka nhAye, tirata na kahUM bhaye, kIrati ke kAja diyau dAnahU ratanako / jJAna binA baira-baira kriyA karI phaira-phaira, kiyau koU kAraja na Atama jatana ko / / jaina kavi bhagavatIdAsa ne aisI bAhya kriyAoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai jinameM samyak jJAna aura AcAra kA samanvaya na ho - deha ke pavitra kiye AtmA pavitra hoya, aise mUr3a bhUla rahe mithyA ke bharama meN|

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366 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kula ke AcAra ko vicArai soI jAnai dharma, kaMda mUla khAye puNya papa ke karama meM / / mUMDa ke muMDAye gati dehake dagAye gati, rAtana ke khAye gIta mAnata dharama meM / zastra ke dharaiyA deva zAstra kau na jAnai bheda, aise haiM abena aru mAnata parama meM / " 107 108 jainadharma ke anusAra kriyAvihIna jJAna vyartha hai aura jJAna vihIna kriyA bhI / nagara se Aga lagane para paMgu to dekhatA - devatA jala gayA aura aMdhA daur3atA - daur3atA / pItAmbara ne isIlie kahA hai bheSadhAra kahai bhaiyA bheSa hI meM bhagavAna, bheSa meM na bhagavAna, bhagavAna na bhAva meM" / isa sandarbha meM prastuta prabandha ke caturtha parivarta meM bAhyADambara ke prakaraNa meM saMkalita aura bhI aneka pada dekhe jA sakate haiM jisameM bAhyAcAra kI kaTu AlocanA kI gaI hai| - jaina sAdhakoM evaM kaviyoM ke sAhitya kA vistRta paricaya na hone ke kAraNa kucha AlocakoM ne mAtra kabIra sAhitya"" ko dekhakara unameM hI bAhyADambara ke khaMDana kI pravRtti ko svIkArA hai jabaki unake hI samAna bAhyAcAra kA khaMDana aura AlocanA jaina sAdhaka "" bahuta pahale kara cuke the ataH sandarbha meM kabIra ke bAre meM hI mithyA Aropa lagAnA upayukta nhiiN| uparyukta uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina aura jainetara donoM sAdhaka kaviyoM ne bAhyAcAra kI apekSA Antarika zuddhi para adhika bala diyA hai| antara itanA hI hai ki jainetara sAdhaka bhakta the ataH unhoMne bhakti ke nAma-smaraNa para adhika jora diyA jabaki jaina sAdhakoM ne AtmA ke hI paramAtmatattva ko antara meM dhAraNa karane kI bAta kahI hai|

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367 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2. sAdhaka tattva 1. sadguru aura satsaMga sAdhanA kI saphalatA aura sAdhya kI prApti ke lie sadguru kA satsaMga preraNA kA srota rahatA hai| guru kA upadeza pApanAzaka, kalyANakAraka zAnti aura Atmazuddhi karane vAlA hotA hai| usake lie zramaNa aura vaidika sAhitya meM zramaNa, AcAryo, buddha, pUjya, dharmAcArya, upAdhyAya, bhante, bhadanta, sadguru, guru Adi zabdoM kA paryApta prayoga huA hai| jainAcAryo ne arhanta aura siddha ko bhI guru mAnA hai aura vividha prakAra se guru bhakti pradarzita kI haiN| ihaloka aura paraloka meM jIvoM ko jo koI bhI kalyANakArI upadeza prApta hote haiM ve saba gurujanoM kI vinaya se hI hote hai| isalie uttarAdhyayana meM guru aura ziSyoM ke pArasparita kartavyoM kA vivacena kiyA gayA hai| isI sandarbha meM supAtra aura kupAtra ke bIca jaina tathA vaidika sAhitya bhedaka rekhA bhI khIcI gaI hai|115 jaina sAdhaka munirAmasiMha aura AnaMdatilaka ne guru kI mahattA svIkAra kI hai aura kahA hai ki guru kI kRpA se hI vyakti mithyAtva rAgAdi ke baMdhana se mukta hokara bhedavijJAna dvArA apanI AtmA ke mUlavizuddha rUpa ko jAna pAtA hai| isalie unhoMne guru kI vandanA kI hai| AnaMdatilaka bhI guru ko jinavara, siddha, ziva aura svapara kA bheda darzAne vAlA mAnate haiN| jaina sAdhakoM ke hI samAna kabIra ne bhI guru ko brahma (govinda) se bhI zreSTha mAnA hai| usI kI kRpA se govinda ke darzana saMbhava hai|" rAgAdika vikAroM ko dUra kara AtmA

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 119 121 122 jJAna se tabhI prakAzita hotI hai jaba guru kI prApti ho jAtI hai| unakA upadeza saMzayahAraka aura pathapradarzaka rahatA hai| guru ke anugraha evaM kRpA dRSTi se ziSya kA jIvana saphala ho jAtA hai| sadguru svarNakAra kI bhAMti ziSya ke mana se doSa aura durguNoM ko dUra kara se tapta svarNa kI bhAMti kharA aura nirmala banA detA hai| sUphI kavi jAyasI ke mana meM pIra (guru) ke prati zraddhA dRSTavya hai / vaha unakA prema kA dIpaka hai / ' hIrAmana totA svayaM guru rUpa hai" aura saMsAra ko usane ziSya banA liyA hai| unakA vizvAsa hai ki guru sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM viraha kI cinagArI prakSipta kara detA hai aura saccA sAdhaka ziSya guru kI dI huI usa vastu ko sulagA detA hai| jAyasI ke bhAvamUlaka rahasyavAda kA prANabhUtatattva prema hai aura yaha prema pIra kI mahAna dena hai| padmAvata ke stutikhaMDa meM unhoMne likhA hai - 124 125 368 w' 6 " saiyada asarapha pIra pirAyA / jehi mohi paMtha dInaha uMjiyArA | lesA hie prema kara dIyA / uThI jauti bhA niramala hIyA / ' 126 sUra kI gopiyAM to binA guru ke yoga sIkha hI nahIM skiiN| ve uddhava se mathurA le jAne ke lie kahatI haiM jahAM jAkara ve guru zyAma se yoga kA pATha grahaNa kara skeN| 17 bhakti-dharma meM sUra na guru kI AvazyakatA anivArya batalAI hai aura usakA ucca sthAna mAnA hai| sadguru kA upadeza hI hRdaya meM dhAraNa karanA cAhie kyoMki vaha sakala bhrama kA nAzaka hotA hai - "sadguru ko upadeza hRdaya dhari, jina bhrama sakala nivArayau / / 128 sUra guru mahimA kA pratipAdana karate hue karate haiM ki hari aura guru eka hI svarUpa hai aura guru ke prasanna hone se hari prasanna hote haiN| guru

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 369 ke binA saccI kRpA karane vAlA kauna hai ? guru bhavasAgara meM DUbate hue ko bacAne vAlA aura satpatha kA dIpaka hai| sahajobAI bhI kabIra ke samAna guru ko bhagavAna se bhI bar3A mAnatI hai| dAdU lokika guru ko upalakSya mAtra mAnakara asalI guru bhagavAna ko mAnate haiN|"naank bhI kabIra ke samAna guru kI hI balihArI mAnate haiN| jisane Izvara ko dikhA diyA anyathA govinda kA milanA kaThina thaa|32 sundaradAsa bhI "gurudeva binA nahIM mAraga sUjhaya' kahakara isI tathya ko prakaTa karate haiN| tulasI ne bhI moha bhrama damara hone aura rAma ke rahasya ko prApta karane meM guru ko hI kAraNa mAnA hai| rAmacaritamAnasa ke prArambha meM hI guru vandanA karake use manuSya ke rUpa meM karuNAsindhu bhagavAna mAnA hai guru kA upadeza ajJAna ke aMdhakAra ko dUra karane ke lie aneka sUryo ke samAna hai - baMdaUM gurupada kaMja kRpAsindhu nararUpa hari / mahAmoha tama puMja jAsuvacana ravi kara nikara / / 134 kabIra ke samAna hI tulasI ne bhI saMsAra ko pAra karane ke lie guru kI sthiti anivArya mAnI hai| sAkSAt brahmA aura viSNu ke samAna vyaktittva bhI, guru ke binA saMsAra se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| sadguru hI eka aisA dRr3ha karNadhAra hai jo jIva ke durlabha kAmoM ko bhI sulabha kara detA hai - karanadhAra sadguru dRr3ha nAvA, durlabha sAjasulabha kari paavaa| 26 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne bhI guru ko isase kama mahattva nahIM diyaa| unhoMne to guru ko vahI sthAna diyA hai jo arhanta ko

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370 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA diyA hai| paMca parameSThiyoM meM siddha ko deva mAnA aura zeSa cAroM ko guru rUpa svIkArA hai| ye sabhI durita harana dukhadArida dona'' ke kAraNa haiN| 57 kabIrAdi ke samAna kuzala lAbha ne zAzvata sukha kI upalabdhi ko guru kA prasAda kahA hai - "zrI guru pAya prasAda sadA sukha saMpajai re'|128 rUpacanda ne bhI yahI maanaa| banArasIdAsa ne sadguru ke upadeza ko megha kI upamA dI hai jo saba jIvoM kA hitakArI hai| mithyAtvI aura ajJAnI use grahaNa nahIM karate para samyagdRSTi jIva usakA Azraya lekara bhava se pAra ho jAte haiN| eka anyatra sthala para banArasIdAsa ne use "saMsAra sAgara tarana tArana guru jahAja vizekhiye' kahA hai| mIrA ne 'sagurA' aura 'nigurA' ke mahattva ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kahA hai ki sagurA ko amRta kI prApti hotI hai aura nigurA ko sahaja jala bhI pipAsA kI tRpti ke lie upalabdha nahIM hotaa| sadguru ke milana se hI paramAtmA kI prApti hotI hai|" rUpacanda kA kahanA hai ki sadguru kI prApti bar3e saubhAgya se hotI hai isa lie ve usakI prApti ke lie apane iSTa se abhyarthanA karate haiN| dyAnatarAya ko "jo tajai viyai kI AsA, dyAnata pAvai sivvaasaa| yaha sadguru sIkha batAI, kA~hUM viralai ke jiya jAI' ke rUpa meM apane sadguru se pathadarzana milaa| santoM ne guru kI mahimA ko do prakAra se vyakta kiyA hai - sAmAnya guru kA mahattva aura kisI viziSTa vyakti kA mhttv| kabIra aura nAnaka ke sAtha hI dvitIya prakAra ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina santoM ne bhI ina donoM prakAroM ko apanAyA hai| arhanta Adi sadguruoM kA to mahattvagAna prAyaH sabhI jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai para kuzala lAbha jaise kucha bhaktoM ne apane laukika guruoM kI bhI ArAdhanA kI hai|

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 371 guru ke isa mahatva ko samajhakara hI sAdhaka kaviyoM ne guru ke satsaMga ko prApta karane kI bhAvanA vyakta kI hai| paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karAne vAlA hI sadguru hai| satsaMga kA prabhAva aisA hotA hai ki vaha majITha ke samAna dUsaroM ko apane raMga meM raMga letA hai| kAga bhI haMsa bana jAtA hai|"raidaas ke janma-janma ke pAza kaTa jAte haiN|" mIrA satsaMga pAkara hI hari carcA karanA cAhatI hai| satsaMga se duSTa bhI vaise hI sudhara jAte haiM jaise pArasa ke sparza se kudhAtu lohA bhI svarNa bana jAtA hai| 51 isalie sUra duSTa janoM kI saMgati se dUra rahane ke lie prerita karate haiN|152 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne bhI satsaMga kA aisA hI mahattva dikhAyA hai| banArasIdAsa ne tulasI ke samAna satsaMgati ke lAbha ginAye haiM - kumati nikada hoya mahA moha maMda hoya, janamagai suyaza viveka jagai hiyasoM / nIti ko divya hoya vinaiko baDhAva hoya, upaje uchAha jyoM pradhAna pada liyesoN|| dharma ko prakAza hoya durgati ko nAza hAye, barate samAdhi jyoM piyUSa rasa-piye soM / toSa pari pUra hoya, doSa dRSTi dUra hoya, ete guna hohiM saha saMgati ke kiye sauM / / 153 dyAnatarAya kabIra ke samAna unheM kRtakRtya mAnate haiM jinheM satsaMgati prApta ho gayI hai| bhUdharamala satsaMgati ko durlabha mAnakara narabhava ko saphala banAnA cAhate haiM - prabhu guna gAya re, yaha osara phera na pAya re / / mAnuSa bhava joga duhelA, durlabha satasaMgati melA / saba bAta bhalI bana AI, arahanta bhajau re bhAI / / 155

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA dariyA ne satsaMgati ko majITha ke samAna batAyA aura navala rAma ne use candrakAntamaNi jaisA batAyA hai| kavi ne aura bhI dRSTAnta dekara satsaMgati ko duHkhadAyI kahA hai 372 sata saMgati jaga meM sukhadAyI hai / / deva rahita dUSaNa guru sAMcau, dharmma dayA nizcai citalAI / / suka menA saMgatinara kI kari, ati paravIna bacanatA pAI / candra kAMti mani prakaTa upala sau, jala sasi dekhi jharata sarasAI / / laTa ghaTa palaTa hota SaTa pada sI, jina kau sAtha bhramara ko thAI / vikasata kamala nirakhi dinakara koM, loha kanaka hoya pArasa chAI / / bojha tirai saMjoga nAva kai, nAga damani lakhi nAga na khoI / pAvaka teja pracaMDa mahAbala, jala maratA sItala ho jAI / / saMga pratApa bhuyaMgama jai hai, caMdana zItala tarala paTAI / ityAdika ye bAta dhaNerI, kaulo tAhiM kahau ju bar3hAI / / 156 isI prakAra kavivara chatrapati ne bhI saMgati kA mAhAtmya dikhAte hue usake tIna bheda kiye haiM - utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya / ' 157 isa prakAra madhyakAlIna hindI jaina sAdhakoM ne vibhinna upameyoM ke AdhAra para sadguru aura unakI satsaMgati kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai| ye upameya eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate hue dikhAI dete haiM jo niHsandeha satsaMgati kA prabhAva hai| yahAM yaha dRSTavya hai ki jainetara kaviyoM ne satsaMgati ke mAdhyama se darzana kI bAta adhika nahIM kI jabaki jaina kaviyoM ne use darzana mizrita rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai|

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373 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2. Atma-paramAtma-nirUpaNa AdhyAtmika dArzanika kSetra meM Atmatattva sarvAdhika vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| vedAntasAra, sUtrakRtAMga aura dIghanikAya meM ina vivAdoM ke vibhinna ullekha milate haiN| koI zarIra aura AtmA ko eka mAnate haiM aura koI mana ko AtmA mAnate haiN| kucha adhiccasamuppannikavAdI the, kucha ahetuvAdI the, kucha akriyAvAdI the, kucha kriyAvAdI the, kucha ajJAnavAdI the, kucha jJAnavAdI the, kucha zAzvatavAdI the aura kucha ucchedavAdI the| ye sabhI siddhAnta aikAntikavAdI haiN| inameM koI bhI siddhAnta AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa para niSpakSa rUpa se vicAra karate hue nahIM dikhAI detaa| vedAnta ke anusAra AtmA svaprakAzaka, nitya, zuddha, satyasvabhAvI aura caitanyayukta hai|60 bauddhadarzana meM AtmA ne avyAkRtavAda se lekara anAtmavAda taka kI yAtrA kI hai|51 jainadarzana meM AtmA jJAnadarzanopayogamayI, amUrtika, kartA, svadehapariNAmavAn, bhoktA, saMsArastha, siddha aura UrdhvasvabhAvI hai| jIva hai sujJAnamayI cetanA svabhAva dharai, jAnibI jo dekhibau anAdinidhi pAsa hai / amUrtika sadA rahai aura sau na rUpa gahai, nizcainai pravAna jAke Atama vilAsa hai / / vyohAranaya kartA hai deha ke pramAna mAna, bhoktA sukha duHkhani ko jaga meM nivAsa hai| zuddha hai vilauke siddha karama kalaMka binA, Uddhai ko svabhAva jAkau loka agravAsa hai|62 madhyakAlIna hindI santa AtmA ke inhIM vibhinna svarUpoM para

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374 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vicAra karate rahe haiN| sUphI kavi jAyasI ke Atmatattva sambandhI vicAra vedAnta, yoga, sUphI, islAma aura jainadharma ke prabhAvita rahe haiN| usameM ina sabhI siddhAntoM ko samanvita rUpa meM prastuta karane kI bhAvanA nihita thii| jAyasI kA brahmanirUpaNa sUphiyoM se adhika prabhAvita hai| sUphImata meM brahma kI sthiti hRdaya meM mAnI gayI hai aura jagat usakI praticchAyA ke rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| kavi kA yaha kathana dRSTavya hai jahAM vaha kahatA hai - kAyA udadhi sadRza hai| usI meM paramAtmA rUpI priyatama pratiSThita hai| usI ko zAzvata mAnA hai| AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra antarmukhI sAdhanA kA phala hai| yaha AtmA piNDastha mAnI gaI hai| yoga ke anusAra piNDastha AtmA do prakAra kI hai - prAptAtmA aura praaptvyaatmaa| sUphiyoM ne bhI AtmA ke do rUpa svIkAra kiye haiM - naphasa (saMsArI) aura rUha (vivekii)| rUha AtmA zarIra ke pUrva vidyamAna rahatI hai| paramAtmA hI use manuSya zarIra meM bhejatA hai| isa uccatara AtmA ke bhI tIna pakSa haiM - kalba (dila) rUha (jAna) tathA sirai antHkrnn| vahAM sirai hI antaratama rUpa hai| isI meM pahuMcakara sUphI sAdhaka AtmA ke darzana karate haiN| isa AtmadvayavAda ko kavi ne sUryacandra ke pratIkoM se aneka sthAnoM para vyaMjita kiyA hai| Atmadvaya meM eka zuddhAtmA hai aura dUsarI nimnaatmaa| mAyA ke naSTa ho jAne para donoM kA dvaitabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai| vedAnta meM mAyA (naphasa) kA hanana jJAna se hotA hai para suphImata meM Izvara prema se sAdhaka usase mukta hotA hai| jAyasI ne AtmA kI jJAnarUpatA, sva-para prakAzakarUpatA, nityazuddha, muktarUpatA, caitanya rUpatA, parama premAspada rUpatA, Ananda rUpatA, sadpatA aura sUkSmAtisUkSma rUpatA svIkAra kI hai| jAyasI ke isa AtmA ke siddhAnta para vedAnta kA prabhAva adhika batAyA jAtA hai| para mujhe jainadarzana kA bhI prabhAva dikhAI detA hai|

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 170 171 kabIra ke anusAra jIva aura brahma pRthak nahIM hai| vaha to apane Apako avidyA ke kAraNa brahma se pRthak mAnatA hai| avidyA aura mAyA ke dUra hone para jIva aura brahma advaita ho jAte haiM - 'saba ghaTi aMtari tU hI vyApaka ghaTai sarUpai soii| AtmajJAna zAzvata sukha kI prApti karAne vAlA hai| sarvavyApaka hai| 12 avinAzI hai, 173 nirAkAra aura niraMjana hai|" sUkSmAtisUkSma tathA jyotisvarUpa hai| 176 ise AtmA kA paramArthika svarUpa kahate haiN| usakA vyAvahArika svarUpa mAyA avA avidyA se AvRta sthiti meM dikhAI detA hai| vahI saMsAra meM janma-maraNa kA kAraNa hai / sundaradAsa kA bhI yahI mantavya hai / 177 375 .178 179 180 sUra ne bhI brahma aura jIva meM koI aMtara nahIM maanaa| mAyA ke' kAraNa hI jIva apane svarUpa ko vismRta ho jAtA hai - 'Apuna - Apuna hI visarayau' / mAyA ke dUra hone para jIva apanI vizuddhAvasthA prApta kara letA hai| tulasI ne bhI jIvAtmA ko paramAtmA se pRthak nahIM maanaa| mAyA ke vazIbhUta hokara hI vaha apane yathArtha svarUpa ko bhUla gayA / kavi kA paramAtmA vyApaka hai aura vaha kabIra Adi ke samAna kevala nirguNa nahIM kahA, vaha bhI saguNa hokara bhinna-bhinna avatAra dhAraNa karatA hai| saguNa-nirguNa rAma kI zakti kA vivecana isa kathya ko puSTa karatA hai / 82 jaina santoM ne bhI kabIra Adi santoM ke samAna AtmA ke nizcaya aura vyavahAra svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| jaina darzana kA AtmA nizcaya naya se zuddha, buddha aura nirAkAra hai para vyavahAra naya se vaha zarIra pramANa AkAra grahaNa karatA hai, kartA aura bhoktA hai| AtmA aura zarIra

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376 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA ko bhI vahAM pRthak mAnA gayA hai| sUphI sAdhakoM ne AtmA ke paramAtmA taka pahuMcane meM cAra avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA haiM - zarIyata (zrutAbhyAsa), tarIkata (nAmasmaraNa), hakIkata (AtmajJAna) aura mAraphata (paramAtmA meM liin)| jainoM ne AtmA kI inhIM avasthAoM ko tIna avasthAoM meM antarbhUta kara diyA hai - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| AtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / ina sabhI avasthAoM kA varNana hama pIche kara cuke haiN| yogIndu muni ne AtmA ke svarUpa para vicAra karate hue likhA hai ki AtmA na gaura varNa kA hai, na kRSNa varNa kA, na sUkSma hai, na sthUla hai, na brAhmaNa hai, na kSatriya, na vaizya hai, na zUdra, na puruSa hai, na strI, na napuMsaka hai, na taruNa-vRddha aadi| vaha to ina sabhI sImAoM se pare hai| usakA vAstavika svarUpa to zIla, tapa darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kA samanvita rUpa hai - appA gaurau kiNhu Navi. appA rattu Na hoi|| appA suhusu vi thUNu Na vi, NANiu jANe joi / / 86 / / appA baMbhaNu vaisu Na vi, Na vi khattiu Na vi sesu / purisuNAuMsau ittha Na vi, Na Niu muNai asesu / / 87 / / appA vandau khavaNu Na vi, appA gurau Na hoi / appA liMgiu ekku Na vi, Na Niu jANai joi||88|| appA paMDiu mukkhu Na vi, Navi Isaru Navi NIsu / taruNau bUr3hau bAlu Navi, aNNu vi kamma visesu / / 91 / / appA saMjamu sIlu tau, appA saNu NANu / appA sAsaya mokkha pau, jANaMtau appANu / / 13 / / 183

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 377 muni rAmasiMha ne bhI AtmA ke isI svarUpa kA varNana kiyA 184 hai| kabIra ne bhI yahI kahA hai - 'varana vivarajita havai rahyA nAM sau syAma na seta / ' 1185 kabIra kA AtmA avinAzI, avikAra aura nirAkAra hai|" banArasIdAsa ne bhI AtmA ke isI rUpa ko svIkAra kiyA hai. - avinAsI avikAra paramarasa dhAma hai, samAdhAna sarvajJa sahaja abhirAma hai / suddha buddha aviruddha anAdi ananta hai / jagata ziromaNi siddha sadA jayavanta hai / 187 kabIra kI dRSTi meM mithyAtva aura mAyA ke naSTa hone para AtmA aura paramAtmA meM koI aMtara nahIM raha jAtA 188 jala meM kumbha-kumbha meM jala hai, bAhira bhItara pAnI / phUTA kuMbha jala jalahi samAnA, yahu jatha kathau giyAnI / / jyUM biMba hiM pratibimba samAnA udaka kumbha vigarAna T kahai kabIra jAni bhrama bhAgA, vahi jIva samAnA / / banArasIdAsa ne bhI AtmA aura paramAtmA ke rUpa kA aisA hI citraNa kiyA hai - piya more ghaTa, mai piyamAhiM / jalataraMga jyoM dvividhA nAhiM || piya mo karatA maiM karatUti / piya jJAnI maiM jJAnavibhUti / / piya sukhasAgara maiM sukha sIMva / piya zivamaMdira meM zivanIMva || piya brahmA maiM sarasvati nAma / piya mAdhava mo kamalA nAma / / piya zaMkara maiM devi bhavAni / piya jinavara maiM kevalavAni / / 189 ne Atma-paramAtma tattva kI advaitatA, sundaradAsa akhaNDatA

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378 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA tathA nirguNatA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - brahma nirIha nirAmaya nirguna nitya niraMjana aura na bhAsai / / brahma akhaNDita hai adha Uradha bAhira bhItara brahma prakAsai / brahmahi sUcchamasthUla jahAMlagibrahmahi dekhata brahmatamAsai / 10 tulasIdAsa ne rAma ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue unheM saguNanirguNa rUpa mAnA hai| unhoMne brahma ko nitya, nirbhaya, saccidAnanda, jJAnadhana, vimala, vyApaka, siddha Adi vizeSaNoM se abhihita kiyA hai - nitya nirbhaya, nitya mukta nirmAna hari jJAnadhana saccidAnaMda mUlaM / sarvarakSaka sarvabhakSakAdhyakSa kUTastha gUDhAci bhaktAnukUlaM / / siddhi sAdhaka sAdhya, vAcya vAcakarUpamaMtra-jApaka-jApya, sRSTi-saSTA / paramakArana kaMjanAbha, saguna, nirgunA sakala-duzya-duSTA / / vyoka vyApaka biraja brahma baradaisa baikuMTha vAmana vimala brahmacArI / siddha vRndAskAvRMda vaMdita sadA khaMDa pAkhaMDa nirmUlakArI / / pUranAnaMda saMdoha apaharana saMmoha ajJAna gunasannipAtaM / bacana mana karma gata sana tulasIdAsa, trAsa pAthodhi iva kuMbhajAnaM / / 11 sUra ko saguNavAdI kahA jAtA hai para unhoMne nirguNa rUpa kA bhI bhaktivazAt vyAkhyAna kiyA hai - zobhA amita apAra akhiNData Apa AtamArAma / pUrana brahma prakaTa puruSottama saba vidhi pUrana kAma / Adi sanAtana eka anupama avigata alpa ahAra / oMkAra Adi veda asura hana nirguNa saguNa apAra / / "

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 379 sUrasAgara ke prathama skandha ke prArambha meM sUradAsa ne parabrahma ke rUpa kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| aneka aise pada haiM jinameM parabrahma kRSNa ke antaryAmI virATa svarUpa tathA nirguNa svarUpa kA varNana hai|5 . banArasIdAsa ne bhI paramAtmA ke inhIM saguNa aura nirguNa svarUpa kI stuti kI hai - 'nirguNa rUpa niraMjanadevA, saguNa svarUpa kareM vidhi sevaa| eka anyatra sthAna para kavi ne caitanya padArthako eka rUpa hI kahA hai para darzana guNa ko nirAkAra cetanA aura jJAnaguNa ko sAkAra cetanA mAnA hai - nirAkAra cetanA kahAvai darasana guna, sAkAra cetanA suddha jJAnagunasAra hai / cetanA advaita doU cetana darava mAMhi, samAna vizeSa sattA hI ko vistAra hai||197 aMjana kA artha mAyA hai aura mAyA se vimukta AtmA ko niraMjana kahA gayA hai| banArasIdAsa ne uparyukta pada meM niraMjana zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| kabIra ne bhI niraMjana kI nirguNa aura nirAkAra mAnA hai go paMde tUM niraMjana tUM niraMjana rAyA / tere rUpa nAMhi rekha nAMhI, mudrA nAMhI mAyA / / sundaradAsa ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA hai - 'aMjana yaha mAyA karI, Apu niraMjana raai| sundara upajata dekhie, bahurayo jAi vilaai| Anandaghana kI dRSTi meM jo vyakti samasta AzAoM ko dUra kara dhyAna dvArA ajapA jApa ko apane antaHkaraNa meM saMcita karatA hai vaha niraMjana pada ko prApta karatA hai -

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380 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA AsA mAri Asana dhari ghaTa meM, ajapA jApa jagAvai / Anandaghana cetanamaya mUrati, nAtha niraMjana pAvai / / 200 niraMjana zabda ke ina prayogoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina aura jainetara kaviyoM ne ise paramAtmA ke artha meM prayukta kiyA hai| siddha sarahapAda aura gorakhanAtha ne bhI isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| niraMjana AtmA kI vaha sthati hai jahA~ mAyA athavA avidyA kA pUrNa vinAza ho jAtA hai aura AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| isa avasthA ko sabhI sampradAyoM ne lagabhaga isI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ataeva yaha kathana satya nahIM lagatA ki niraMjana nAmaka koI pRthak sampradAya thA jisakA lagabhaga 12 vIM zatAbdI meM udaya huA hogaa|" DaoN. triguNAyata ne niraMjana nAmaka saMpradAya kA saMsthApaka kabIrapaMthI harIdAsa ko btaayaa| yaha bhrama mAtra hai / niraMjana nAma kA na to koI sampradAya hI thA aura na usakA saMsthApaka haridAsa athavA niraMjana nAmaka koI sahajiyA bauddha siddha hI thA / isa saMdarbha meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki niraMjana zabda kA prayoga AtmA kI usa paramocca avasthA ke lie AgamakAla se hotA rahA hai jisameM mAyA athavA avidyA kA pUrNa vinAza ho jAtA hai| yogIndu ne isa zabda kA prayoga bahuta kiyA hai| unakA samaya lagabhaga 8 vIM zatI hai| unhoMne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki niraMjana vaha hai jisameM rAgAdika vikAroM meM se eka bhI doSa na hoM - jAsuNa vaNNu Na gaMdhu rasu ja suNa sadu Na phAsu / jAsu Na jammaNu maraNu Navi NAu NiraMjaNu tAsu / / jAsu Na kohu Na mohu mau jAsu Na mAya Na mANu / jAsu Na ThANuNa jhANu jiya so ji NiraMjaNu jANu / / atthi Na puNNu Na pAu jasu atthi Na harisu visAu / atthi Na ekku vi dosu jasu so ji NirajaNu mAu / /

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 381 banArasIdAsa ne bhI isI paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| usI niraMjana kI unhoMne vaMdanA kI hai| vahI paramaguru aura apabhaMjaka hai|209 bhagavAna kA yahI nirguNa svarUpa yathArtha svarUpa hai| tulasI kA brahma bhI mUlataH nirguNaparaka hI haiM isI ko niSkala brahma bhI kahA jAtA hai| allAha, karIma, rahIma Adi suphI nAmoM ke atirikta AtmA guru, haMsa, rAma Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga nirguNI santoM ne brahma ke artha meM kiyA hai| jainAcAryo ne bhI inameM se adhikAMza zabdoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha jinasahasranAma se spaSTa hai| saguNa paramparA kA bhI unhoMne AdhAra liyA hai| brahmatva nirUpaNa meM yahAM ekatvavAda kI pratiSThA kI gaI hai jisameM adhyAtma kA sarasa nirmala jala siMcita huA hai| sAkAravigraha ke varNana meM brahma ke virATa svarUpa kA darzana hotA hai| advaitatA aura akhaNDatA kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isI ko anirvacanIya aura agocara bhI kahA gayA hai| ye sabhI tattva saguNa-nirguNa bhakta kaviyoM ke sAhitya meM hInAdhika bhAva se milate haiN| jaina kaviyoM kI bhakti bhI saguNA aura nirguNA rahI hai| ataH unakA AtmA aura brahma bhI uparyukta vizeSaNoM se mukta nahIM ho sakA - nisAnI kahA batAuM re ro vacana agocara rUpa / rUpI kahUM to kachu nAhI re, kaise baMdhai arUpa / / rUpA rUpI jo kahUM pyAre, aise na siddha anUpa / siddha sarUpI jo kahUM pyAre, bandhana mokSa vicAra / / siddha sanAtana jo kahUM re, upajai viNase koNa / upajai viNasai jo kahUM pyAre, nitya avAdhita gauna / / 10 3. prapatta - bhAvanA DaoN.rAmakumAra varmA ne kabIra kA rahasyavAda' meM rahasyavAda kI bhUmikA cAra pramukha tattvoM se nirmita batalAyI hai - AstikatA, prema

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA aura bhAvanA, guru kI pradhAnatA aura mArga / ye cAroM tattva prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya kI AdhyAtmika aura dArzanika paramparA se jur3e huye haiM / 'AstikatA' kA tAtparya hai AtmA aura paramAtmA ke astitva para vizvAsa krnaa| 'prema aura bhAvanA' kA sambandha apane ArAdhya ke prati vyakta AdhyAtmika prema se hai / isa prema ke antargata prapatti mUlaka dAmpatya prema kI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai / 'guru' paramasatya kA sAkSAtkAra karane vAlA hotA hai aura 'mArga' meM sAkSAtkAra karane kA patha nirdiSTa kiyA jAtA hai / 382 uparyukta tattvoM meM se hama AstikatA aura guru para pIche vicAra kara cuke haiN| prema ko hama dUsare zabdoM meM bhakti - prapatti kaha sakate haiN| prapatti kA tAtparya hai apane iSTadeva ke zaraNa meM jAnA / sAdhaka kI bhakti use isa prapatti kI ora le jAtI hai| anukUla kA saMkalpa athavA vyavahAra karanA, prAtikUlya kA chor3anA, bhagavAna rakSA kareMge aisA vizvAsa honA, bhagadguNoM kA varNana, Atma nikSepa aura dInatA ina chaH aMgoM ke mAdhyama se bhakta apane ArAdhya kI zaraNa meM jAtA hai|' madhyakAlIna hindI santoM meM prapanna bhaktoM ke lagabhaga sabhI guNa upalabdha hote haiN| 211 1212 "anukUlyasya saMkalpa" kA tAtparya hai bhagavAna ke anukUla AcaraNa karanA, aise satkArya karanA jo bhagavadbhakti ke lie Avazyaka hoN| kabIra kA cintana hai ki AtmA kI vizuddha pariNiti hari kA darzana kiye binA nahIM ho sakatI - 'hari na mile bina hiradai suudh|' usake binA to vaha jala meM se ghRta nikAlane ke samAna asambhava hai - 'hRdaya kapaTa mukha gyAMnI, jhUThe kahA vilovasi pAnI / tulasI pazcAttApa karate hue yaha pratijJA karate haiM ki abhI taka to unhoMne apanA samaya vyartha gaMvAyA para aba cintAmaNi mila gayA hai| use yoM hI vyartha nahIM jAne deMge / 1213

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383 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aba loM nasAnI, aba na nasaihoM / rAma kRpA bhAva-nisA sirAnI, jAge phira na Dasai koN| pAyeU nAma cAru cintAmani, urakara te na ssaihoN| syAma rUpa suci rucira kasauTI, citta kaMpanahi kasaihoM / parabasa jAni haMsyo ina indrina basa hai na hasaihoM / mana madhukara pana maiM tulasI pada kamala vasaihoM / 24 isa prakAra rUpacanda bhagavAn ke zaraNa meM jAkara yaha kahate hue dikhAI dete haiM - 'abhI taka unhoMne svayaM ko nahIM phicaanaa| mana vAsanA meM lIna rahA, indriyAM viSayoM kI ora daur3atI rhiiN| para aba tumhArI zaraNa milane se eka mArga mila gayA hai jo bhava duHkha ko dUra kara degA prabhu tere pada kamala nija na jAnai / / mana madhukara rasa rasi kuvasi, kumayau aba anata na rati mAne / aba lagi lIna rahyo kuvAsanA, kuvisana kusuma suhaanai| bhIjyo bhagati vAsanA rasa vasa avasa vara sayAhi bhulaane| zrI nivAsa saMtApa nivArana nirUpama rUpa arUpa bkhaane| muni jana rAjahaMsa ju sevita, sura nara sira srmaane|| bhava dukha tapani tapata jana pAe, aMga-aMga shtaane| rUpacanda cita bhayo anandasu nAhi nai banatu bkhaane||5 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ho cetana to mati kauna harI aura kumudacanda' cetana cetata kiu bAvare' kahakara yahI bhAva vyakta karate haiN| kabIra bAhya kriyAoM ko vyartha kahate haiM aura tulasIdAsa indriya vAsanA kI bAta karate haiM para bhagavatIdAsa rAga aura lobha ke prabhAva se AyI huI mithyAmati ko hI dUra karane kA saMkalpa lie hue baiThe haiN|216

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 1218. 219 220 'prAtikUlasya varjanam' kA tAtparya hai bhagavad bhakti meM upasthita pratikUla bhAvoM kA tyAga karanA / 'hiradai kapaa hari nahiMsAMcI, kahA bhayo je anahada nAcyau' jaise uddharaNoM meM kabIra ne mAyA, kapaTa krodha lobha Adi dUSita bhAvoM ko tyAgane kA saMketa kiyA hai / " mIrA bhI mere to giradhara gopAla dUsarA na koI 'kahakara bhakti meM vighna DAlane vAle parivAra ke logoM ko tyAga detI haiM." tulasI ne bhI ' jIke priya na rAma vaidehI / so chAMr3iye koTi bairI sama jadyapi parama sanehI' kahakara pratikUla sthiti ko chor3A hai| vakhtarAma sAha ne 'ina karmo tai merA jIva DaratA ho / ' kahakara karmoM ko dUra karane ke lie kahA hai aura daulatarAma ne chAMr3i de yA budhi morI, vRthA tana se rati jorI' mAnakara zarIrAdi se moha naSTa karane ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai / ' "rakSiSyatIti vizvAsaH " kA artha hai - bhakta ko yaha pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAna hamArI rakSA kreNge| kabIra ko bhagavAna meM dRr3ha vizvAsa hai - " aba mohI rAma bharoso terA, aura kauna kA karau nihaaraa|"" tulasI ko bhI pUrA vizvAsa hai - "bharoso jAhi dUsaro so kro| moko to rAma ko nAma ko nAma kalpataru kali kalyAna kro|' ,,222. 'sUra ne bhI 'ko ko na tarayo hari nAma liye' kahakara vizvAsa vyakta kiyA hai| mIrA ko vizvAsa hai ki he prabhu, maiM to Apake zaraNa hUM, Apa kisI na kisI taraha tAreMge hii| eka anyatra pada meM mIrA vizvAsa ke sAtha kahatI hai - hari more jIvana prAna adhAra aura Asiro nAhIM tuma bina tInUM loka maMjhAra / 223 224 384 " 225 navalarAma ko bhI vizvAsa hai ki vItarAga kI zaraNa meM rahane se sabhI pApa dUra ho jAyeMge aura mukti prApta kara leNge| " dyAnatarAya ko bhI tInoM bhavanoM meM jinadeva samAna anya koI sAmarthyavAna deva nahIM milA / kevala jinendra hI bhava jIvani ko tArane meM samartha haiN| kabIra tulasI ke

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 385 samAna dyAnatarAya ko bhagavAna meM pUrNa vizvAsa hai - aba hama nemi jI kI zaraNa aura Thora mana lagata hai chAMDi prabhu ke shrn|27 'goptRtva varaNa'' kA tAtparya hai - ekAnta meM bhavasAgara se pAra hone ke lie bhagavadguNoM kA ciMtana krnaa| kabIra ne 'niramala rAma guNa gAve, so bhagatAM mere mana bhAvai' ke mAdhyama se isakA varNana kiyA hai| tulasI ne 'kRpA sodhau kahAM visArI raam| jehi karunA muni zravana dIna-duHkha dhavata ho tahaja dhAma' likhakara rAma ke guNoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai|29 mIrA meM zaraNa aba tihArI jI mohi rAkho kRpAnidhAna kahakara prabhu ke guNoM kA varNana kiyA hai|230 isI prakAra vakhtarAma sAha apane prabhu ke atirikta isa jaga meM dUsaroM ko dAnI nahIM samajhate haiN| usI kI kRpA se unake hRdaya meM ananta sukha upajA hai - tuma darasana taiM deva sakala adha miTi hai mere / / kRpA tihArI teM karuNA nidhi, upajyo sukha achev| aba lau nihAre carana kamala kI karI na kavahUM seva / / avahUM saranai Ayo saba chUTa gayo ahmev|| tuma se dAnI aura na jaga meM, jAMcata ho taji bhev| vakhtarAma ke hiye raho tuma bhakti karana kI ttev||11 "AtmanikSepa'' kA artha hai| bhakta svayaM ko bhagavAna ke adhIna kara de| kabIra ne 'jo pai pativratA hai nArI kaise hI rahausI payihi pyaarii|' tana mana jIvana sopi sriiraa| tATi suhAgina kahai kabIrA' se AtmanikSepa kI zarta mAna lii| tulasIdAsa ne bhI mere rAvariye gati hai raghupati bali jaauN| nilaja nIca niradhana niraguna kahaM jaga dUsaro na

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA "" 233 ThAkura lAu kahakara svayaM ko prabhu ke lie samarpita kara diyA hai| mIrA bhI "maiM to thArI saraNa parI re rAmA jyUM tAre tyUM tArA / mIrA dAsI "rAma bharose jama kA phaMdA nivAra' kahakara pUrNatayA bhagavAna ke adhIna hai use tAranA ho vaise tAro / jaina kavi bhI svayaM ko bhagavAna ke adhIna kara unase bhAva vihvala ho mukti kI kAmanA karate dRSTigocara hote haiN| vakhtarAma sAha - 'tuma vina nahi tArai koi / dIna jAni bAbA vakhtA kai, karo ucita hai soI " kahakara, dyAnatarAya" aba hama nemi jI kI shrn| dAsa dyAnata dayAnidhi prabhu, kyoM tajeMge marana' aura 'aba mohe tAra lehu mahAvIra"""" kahakara aura daulatarAma 'jAU' kahAM taja zarana tihArI" kahakara isI bhAva kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai| 1237) 386 - kArpaNya - bhakti ke isa aMga meM sAdhaka apanI dInatA vyakta karatA hai| kabIra ne 'jihi ghaTi rAma rahai bharapUri, tAkI maiM caranana kI 1239. dhUri tathA 'kabIrA kUtA rAma kA mutiyA merA nAUM' jese uddharaNoM meM apanI dInatA aura vinaya kA pradarzana kiyA hai| tulasI ne 'jAUM kahAM taji carana tumhAre / kAko nAma patita pAvana ? kehi ati dIna piyAre?'240 mIrA bhI 'aba maiM saraNa tihArI mohi rAkho kRpAnidhAna' kahakara apanI akiMcanatA vyakta karatI hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI bhakti ke isa aMga ko usI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / jagatarAma ko prabhu ke binA aura dUsarA koI sahAyaka nahIM dikhatA aura dUsare to svArthI haiM para prabhu unheM paramArthI lagate haiM - prabhu bina kona hamArI sahAI / / 241 aura sabai svAratha ke sAthI, tuma paramAratha bhAI / / yAte carana sarana Aye hai, mana paratIta upAI / / bhUdharadAsa ne bhI bhagavAna jinendra ko araja sunAI hai ki tuma

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387 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 242 dInadayAlu ho aura maiM saMsArI dukhiyA huuN| isI prakAra kI dInatA sUradAsa ke vinaya ke padoM meM bhI vikharI dikhAI par3atI hai - aba lauM kaho, kauna dara jAUM ? tuma jagapAla, catura cintAmani, dInabandhu suni nAuM / / 243 dInatA ke sAtha sabhI bhaktoM ne apane doSoM aura pazcAttApoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| bhagavAna dayAlu hai vaha apane bhaktoM ko doSa dete hue bhI bhava samudra se pAra lagA deNge| tulasIdAsa ne vinaya patrikA meM 'mAdhava mo samAna jaga naahiiN| saba vidhi hIna, malIna, dIna ati, lIna viSaya 244 kou nAhIM / " kahakara apanI dInatA vyakta kI hai isI prakAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne cetana ke doSoM ko ginAkara, use bhagavAna kA bhajana karane kI bAta kahI hai / ' 245 246 isa prakAra madhyakAlIna hindI jaina santoM meM prapatti bhAvanA ke sabhI aMga upalabdha hote haiN| inake atirikta zravaNa, kIrtana, ciMtavana, sevana, vandana, dhyAna, laghutA, samatA, ekatA, dAsyabhAva, sakhyabhAva Adi navadhAbhakti tattva bhI milate haiN| ina tattvoM kI eka prAcIna lambI paramparA hai| vedoM, smRtiyoM sUtroM, AgamoM aura piTakoM meM inakA paryApta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina aura jainetara kAvya unase niHsandeha prabhAvita dikhAI dete haiN| ina tattvoM meM nAmasmaraNa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| saMsAra sAgara se pAra hone ke lie sAdhakoM ne isakA vizeSa Azraya liyA hai| sUphiyoM kA mArphata aura vaiSNavoM kA Atma nivedana donoM eka hI mArga para calate haiM / zravaNa-kIrttana Adi prakAra bhI sUphiyoM se zarIyata, tarIkata, hakIkata aura mArphata Adi jaise tattvoM meM nAmAntarita hue haiN| sUphiyoM, vaiSNavoM aura jainoM ne AtmasamarpaNa ko samAna stara para svIkArA hai, sUphI sAdhanA meM isI ko jikra aura phikra saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| jAyasI kA vicAra hai

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388 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA ki prakaTa meM to sAdhaka sAMsArika kArya karatA rahe para mana hI mana ArAdhya kA dhyAna karate rahanA cAhie - 'paragaTa loka cAra kahu bAtA, guputa lAu mana jAso raataa|"sur ke anusAra mahAn se mahAn pApI bhI hari ke nAmasmaraNa se bhavasAgara ko pAra kara letA hai - kau ko na tArayau lIlA hari nAka liye"| "hari-guNa zravaNa se hI zAzvat sukha milatA hai, jo yaha lIlA sune sunAvai sau hari bhakti pAi sukha paavai|" dariyA ne nAma binA bhAvakarma kA naSTa honA asaMbhava sA kahA hai|50 tulasI ne bhI nAma smaraNa kI zreSThatA digdarzita kI hai| banArasIdAsa ne jina sahasranAma meM aura dyAnatarAya ne dyAnata pada saMgraha meM isakI vizeSatA kA varNana kiyA hai| __ pAdasevana, vandana aura arcana ko bhI ina kaviyoM ne apane bhAvoM meM gUMthA hai| kabIra ne sevA ko hI haribhakti mAnI hai- jo sevaka sevA kareM, tA saMgire murAri sUrasAgara kA to prathama pada hI caraNa kamaloM kI vandanA se prArambha kiyA gayA hai| mIrA ne bhI "bhAI mhAro govinda guna gAsyA"24 kahakara 'bhaja mana caraNa kamala avinAzI' likhA hai|55 Anandaghana prabhu ke caraNoM meM vaise hI mana lagAnA cAhate haiM jaise gAyoM kA mana saba jagaha ghUte hue bhI unake bachaDoM meM lagA rahatA hai| anya kavi rUpacaMda, chatrapati, budhajana Adi ne apane padoM meM inhIM bhAvoM ko vyakta kiyA hai|250 isa prakAra prapatta bhAvanA madhyakAlIna hindI jaina aura jainetara kAvya meM samAna rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI hai| upAlambha, pazcAttApa, laghutA samatA aura ekatA jaise tattva bhAvabhakti meM yathAvat upalabdha hote haiN| ina kaviyoM ke padoM ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve eka dUsare se kisI sImA taka prabhAvita rahe haiN|

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 4. sahaja- yoga sAdhanA aura samarasatA 389 yoga sAdhanA AdhyAtmika rahasya kI upalabdhi ke lie eka sApekSa aMga hai| sindhu ghATI ke utkhanana meM prApta yogI kI mUrtiyAM usakI prAcIna paramparA ko prastuta karane ke lie paryApta haiN| Rgveda (1 10.6; ) aura yajurveda ( 12.18) meM yoga kA vivaraNa milatA hai| yogasUtra meM yoga ke ATha aMga batAye gaye haiM - yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhyAna, dhAraNA aura samAdhi / jaina-bauddha dharma meM bhI yoga kA vivecana milatA hai| sAdhAraNataH yoga kA tAtparya hai - yogazcittavRtti nirodhaH arthAt mana-vacana kAya ko ekAgra karanA / usakA vizeSa artha hai - piMDastha AtmA kA paramAtmA meM antarbhAva / ' uparyukta aSTAMga yoga ko vyavahArataH cAra aMgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - mantra yoga, layayoga, haThayoga aura rAjayoga / *" bAda meM surati yoga aura sahajayoga kI bhI sthApanA huI / 258 259 260 261 _262 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina - jainetara kAvya meM bhI yogasAdhanA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| jAyasI ne aSTAMga yoga ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yama-niyamoM kA pAlana karanA yoga hai| yama pAMca haiM - ahiMsA, satya, asatya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / jAyasI ko ina para pUrNa AsthA thii| 'niThura koI jiu badhasi parAvA, hatyA kera na tohi usa AMvA tathA 'rAjai' kahA satya kaha suA, binu sana jasa seMvara kara bhUA Adi jaise uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai| niyama ke antargata zauca, santoSa, tapa svAdhyAya aura Izvara praNidhAna ko rakhA gayA hai| jAyasI ne ina niyamoM ko bhI yathAsthAna svIkAra kiyA hai| jIva tattva ko brahmatattva meM milA denA athavA AtmA ko paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karA denA yoga kA mukhya uddezya hai| ina donoM tattvoM ko sAdhakoM aura AcAryoM ne bhinna-bhinna 1263

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390 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA nAma diye haiN| jAyasI ne sUrya aura candra ko pratIka mAnA hai| kucha yogiyoM ve iDA-piMgalA ko indra-sUrya rUpa meM vyaMjita kiyA hai / nAr3I sAdhanA meM bhI jAyasI kI AsthA rahI hai| prANa, apAna, samAna, udAna, vyAna, nAsa, kUrma, kRkara, devadatta aura dhananjaya ye dasa vAyueM nAr3iyoM meM hokara sUrya tattva ko UrdhvamukhI ora candratattva ko adhomukhI kara donoM kA milana karAtI hai| yahI ajapA jApa hai| jAyasI ajapAjApa se sambhavataH paricita nahIM the para japa ke mahattva ko avazya jAnate the Asana lei rahA hoi tapA, padmAvatI jpaa'|" nAr3iyoM meM pAca nAr3iyAM pramukha haiM jinakA yoga sAdhanA meM adhika mahattva hai - ir3A, piMgalA, suSumnA, citrA aura brhm| kuNDalinI sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM mahAmudrA mahArdha nivarIta karaNI Adi mudrAyeM adhika upayogI haiN| haThayogI kuNDalinI kA upasthApana karatA huA SaTcakroM (mUlAdhAra, svAdhiSThAna, maNipUraka, vizuddha, AjJA aura sahasrAra) kA bhedana karatA haiN| kucha granthoM meM tAla, nirvANa aura AkAzacandra ko bhI jor3a diyA gayA hai| jAyasI ne 'navoM khaNDa nava paurI aura tahaM vajra kivArai' kahakara ina cakroM para vizvAsa vyakta kiyA hai| unhoMne yogI-yoganiyoM ke svarUpa para bhI carcA kI hai| jAyasI Adi sUphI kaviyoM ne yoga kI zuSkatA aura jaTilatA ko tIna prakAra se abhivyakta kiyA hai| DaoN. triguNAyata ne 'jAyasI kA padmAvata' kAvya aura darzana meM jAyasI ke haThayaugika rahasyavAda ke tIna rUpoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai -1 / bhAvanA yA premabhAva ke AvaraNa meM AvRtta5, 2. prakRti ke AvaraNa meM AvRtta, 3. jaTila abhivyakti ke AvaraNa meM aavRtt| kuNDalinI ke udbuddha aura prANavAyu ke sthira ho jAne para sAdhaka zUnyapatha se anahadanAda ko sunatA hai| isake lie kAma, krodha, mada aura lobha Adi vikAroM ko dUra karanA Avazyaka hai|

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 391 kabIra ne bhI yoga sAdhanA kI hai| unhoMne "na maiM joga citta lAyA, bina bairAga na chUTasi kAyA' kahakara yoga kA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai| kabIra ne haThayogI sAdhanA bhI kii| unhoMne SaTkarma Asana, mudrA, prANAyAma aura kuNDalinI utthApana kI bhI kriyAyeM kii| haThayogI kriyAoM se mana ucaTa jAne para kabIra ne mana ko kendrita karane ke lie layayoga kI sAdhanA prArambha kI jise kabIra paMtha meM 'zabda-suratiyoga' kahA jAtA hai| zabda ko nitya aura vyApaka mAnA gayA hai| isalie zabda-brahma kI upAsanA kI gaI hai - "anahada zabada uThai jhanakAra, tahaM prabhu baiThe samaratha saar|26 isakI siddhi ke lie jJAna ke mahattva ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kabIra ne dhyAna ke lie ajapA jApa aura nAmajapa ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne bahirmukhI vRttiyoM ko antarmukhI kara ulaTI cAla se brahma ko prApta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai - ulaTI cAla mile pAra brahma kauM, sau sataguru hmaaraa| isI mAdhyama se unhoMne sahaja sAdhanA kI hai aura use kabIra ne talavAra kI dhAra para calane ke samAna kahA hai / isameM SaTcakroM mudrAoM Adi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vaha sahaja bhAva ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| rAjayoga, unmani athavA sahajAvasthA samAnArthaka hai| sahajAvasthA vaha sthiti hai jahAM sAdhaka ko brahmAtmaikya prApta ho jAtA hai| kabIra ne yamaniyamoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| unameM bAhyADambaroM kA tIvra virodha kiyA gayA hai aura mana ko mAyA se vimukta rakhane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| unhoMne sahaja samAdhi ko hI sarvopari svIkAra kiyA hai -24 santo sahaja samAdhi bhlii| sAMI tai milana bhayau jA dina ta, suratana aMta clii|| AMkha na mUMdUM kAna na DUMdhUM, kAyA kaSTa na dhaaruuN|| khulai naina maiM haMsa haMsa dekhU, sundara rUpa nihaaruuN||

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392 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kahUM sunAma sunuM sau sumarana, jo kucha karUM sau puujaa| giraha udyAna eka sama dekhU, aura miTAuM, duujaa|| jahaM-jahaM jAUMsoi parikaramA, jo kucha karUM so sevaa| jaba soU taba karUM daMDavata, pUMjU aura na devaa|| kahai kabIra yahu unamani rahanI, so paragaTa krigaaii| sukha duHkha ke ika pare parama sukha, tehi meM rahA smaaii|| sahajAvasthA aisI avasthA hai jahAM na to varSA hai na sAgara, na pralaya, na dhUpa, na chAyA, na utpatti aura na jIvana aura mRtyu hai, vahAM na to duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai aura na sukha kaa| vahAM zUnya ko jAgRti aura samAdhi kI nidrA nahIM hai| na to use taulA jA sakatA hai aura na chor3A jA sakatA hai| na vaha halkI hai, na bhaarii| usameM Upara nIce kI koI bhAvanA nahIM hai| vahAM rAta aura divasa kI sthiti bhI nahIM hai| vahAM na jala hai, na pavana aura na hI agni / vahA satguru kA sAmrAjya hai| vaha jagaha indriyAtIta hai| usakI prApti guru kI kRpA se hI ho sakatI hai - sahaja kI Apa kathA hai jiraarii| tuli nahIM baiTha jAi na mukAtI halaku lagai na maattii| aradha Uradha doU nAhIM rAti dinasu taha naahiiN| jalu nahIM pavana-pavaku phuni nAhIM satiguru tahA sa saahii| agama agocara rahai nirantara gura kirapA te lhiye| kahu kabIra cali jAU gura apane saMta saMgati mili rhiye| sahaja sAdhanA kI ora vastutaH dhyAna sahajayAna ke AcAryoM ne diyaa| sahajayAna kI sthApanA meM bauddha dharma kA pAkhaNDapUrNa jIvana mUla

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 393 kAraNa thaa| isake pravartaka sarahapAda mAne jAte haiM jinhoMne naisargika jIvana vyatIta karane para jora diyA hai| usameM haThayoga kA koI sthAna nhiiN| citta hI sabhI karmo kA bIja hai usI ko sahaja svabhAva kI sthiti kahA gayA hai jisameM citta aura acitta donoM kA zamana ho jAtA hai| kaNhapA ne isI ko parama tattva bhI kahA hai| isameM prajJA aura upAya advaita avasthA meM A jAte haiN| kaulamArgiyoM meM inhIM tattvoM kA zakti aura ziva kahA jAtA hai| nAthoM kA yahI parama tattva, parama jJAna, parama svabhAva aura sahaja samAdhi rUpa hai| bauddhoM ke sahajayAna se prabhAvita hokara eka vaiSNava sahajiyA sampradAya bhI khar3A huA jisameM zrIkRSNa ko parama tattva aura rAdhA ko unakI naisargika AlhAdinI zakti mAnA gayA hai| donoM kI rahasyamayI keli kI sahajAnubhUti kara isa sampradAya ke sAdhaka prema-lIlAoM kA upabhoga karate haiN| unake anusAra pratyeka puruSa aura strI meM eka AdhyAtmika tattva rahatA hai jise hama kramazaH svarUpa aura rUpa kahate haiM jo zrI kRSNa aura rAdhA ke pratIka haiN| sAdhaka ko Atma vismRtipUrvaka inako prApta karanA caahie| zuddha aura sAtvika vyakti ko hI isameM sahajiyA mAnuSa kahA gayA hai| nAtha sampradAya kA lakSya vividha siddhiyoM ko prApta karanA rahA hai para sahajiyA sampradAya use mAtra camatkAra pradarzana mAnakara garhita mAnate haiM aura sahajAnaMda ke sAtha usakA sambandha svIkAra nahIM krte| __santoM ne sahaja ke svarUpa ko bilkula badala diyaa| 'santa kaviyoM taka AteAte sahaja kI mithuna paraka vyAkhyA kA lopa hone lagatA hai aura yuga ke svAdhInacetA kabIra sahaja ko samasta matavAdoM

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394 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kI sImAoM se pare parama tattva ke rUpa meM manuSya kI sahaja svAbhAvika anubhUti mAnate hai jisakI prApti eka sahaja santulita jIvanacaryA dvArA hI sambhava hai| isake lie sAdhaka ko kisI bhI prakAra kA zrama nahIM karanA par3atA, varan sArI sAdhanA svayameva sampanna hotI catalI hai - sahaje hoya sau koy'|2 sahaja sAdhaka athaka vizvAsa aura ekAntaniSThA ke sAtha sahaja sAdhanA karatA hai aura 'sabada' ko samajhakara hI Atma tattva ko prApta karane meM hI samartha hotA hai - santoM dekhata jaga bauraanaa| sAMca kahauM to mArana dhAvai, jhUThahiM jaga ptiyaanaa| nemidekhA dharamI dekhA, prAta karahiM asnaanaa| Atama mAri paSAnahiM pUjahiM karahiM asnaanaa| Atama mAri paSAnahiM pUjahiM unimaha kichau na jnyaanaa|| hindU kahahiM mohi rAma piyArA, turuka kahahiM rhimaanaa| Apasa meM dou lari muye, marama na koI jaanaa|| kahahi kabIra sunahu ho sanato, I sama bharama bhulaanaa| ketika kahauM kahA nahiM mAneM, sahajai sahaja smaanaa||277 nAnaka ne sahaja svabhAva ko svIkAra kara use eka sahaja hATa kI kalpanA dI hai jisameM mana sahajabhAva se sthira rahatA hai| dAdU ne yama-niyamoM ke mAdhyama se mana kI dvaitatA dUra hone para sama svabhAva kI prApti batAI hai| yahI samarasatA hai aura isI se pUrNa brahma kI prApti hotI hai| yama niyamoM kI sAdhanA anya nirguNI santoM ne bhI kI hai| sundaradAsa aura mUlakadAsa isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya haiN| sUra aura tulasI jaise saguNa bhaktoM meM yaha paramparA dikhAI nahIM detii| mIrA ke

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 395 nimnalikhita uddharaNa se yaha avazya lagatA hai ki unhoMne prAraMbha meM kisI yoga sAdhanA kA avalambana liyA hogaa| prema sAdhanA kI ora laga jAne para unako yoga se virakti ho jAnA svAbhAvika thA - tero marama nahiM pAyo re jogii| AsaNa mAri guphA meM baiTho dhyAna karI ko lgaao|| gala vica sailI hAtha hAjariyoM aMga bhabhUta rmaayo| mIrA ke prabhu hari avinAsI bhAga likhyo sau hI paayo||4 eka anya sthAna para bhI mIrA ke aise hI bhAva milate haiM - 'jina karatAla pakhAvaja bAjai anahada kI jhanakAra re|85 jainadharma meM yoga kI eka lambI paramparA hai| paMcendriyoM ke nigraha ke sAtha hI 'antara vijaya' kA vizeSa mahattva hai / use hI 'satyabrahma' kA darzana mAnA gayA hai - 'antara vijaya sUratAsAMcI, satyabrahma darzana nirvaaNcii| aisA hI yogI abhayapada prApta karatA hai - 'aisA yogI kyoM na abhayapada pAvai, so phera na bhava meM aavai'| yahI nirvikalpa avasthA hai jise AtmA kI paramocca avasthA kaha sakate haiN| yahIM sAdhaka samarasa meM raMga jAtA hai - 'samarasa Avai raMgiyA, avyA dekhaI soii|dyaantraay ne use kabIra ke samAna, gUMge kA gur3a' mAnA hai aura daulatarAma ne 'zivapura kI ugara samarasa sauM bharI' kahA hai|91 __ Anandatilaka para haThayoga kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai jo anya jainAcAryoM para nahIM hai| 'avadhU' zabda kA prayoga bhI unhoMne adhika kiyA hai| pItAmbara ne sahaja samAdhiko agama aura akathya kahA hai|93 dyAnatarAya ne 'anahada' zabda ko bhI sunA hai| samarasatA madhyakAla kI eka sAmAnya vizeSatA hai avazya para use nAtha sampradAya kI dena nahIM kahI jA sktii| use to samAna svara se sabhI yogiyoM ne

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396 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA svIkArA hai| hemacandrAcArya ne kahA hai ki yogI samarasI hokara paramAnanda kA anubhava karatA hai| "yogIndu ne bhI isI brahmaikya kI bAta kahI hai| rAmasiMha ne isa samarasatA ke bAda kisI bhI pUjA yA samAdhi kI AvazyakatA nahIM batAI hai||297 isa prakAra madhyakAla meM hindI jaina-jainetara kaviyoM ne yogA aura sahaja sAdhanA kA avalambana apane sAdhya kI prApti ke lie kiyA hai| brahmatva yA niraMjana kI anubhUti ke bAda sAdhaka samarasatA ke raMga meM raMgajAtA hai| rahasya bhAvanA kA yaha anyatama uddezya hai| 2. bhAvamUlaka rahasya bhAvanA 1. anubhava AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kiMvA rahasya kI prApti ke lie svAnubhUti eka aparihArya tattva haiN| ise jaina-jainetara sAdhakoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| tarka pratiSThAnAt jaise vAkyoM se eka tathya sAmane AtA hai ki AtmAnubhUti meM tarka aura vAdavivAda kA koI sthAna nahIM haiM 'na cakSusA gRhyate nApi vAcA', aura 'yato vAcA nivartante aprApta manasA sahabhI yahI mata vyakta karate haiN| jaisA hama pIche likha cuke haiM, jainadharma meM bhedavijJAna, svapara viveka, tattvajJAna, AtmajJAna, brahmajJAna, Atma-sAkSAtkAra Adi se utpanna hone vAle anubhava ko cidAnanda caitanya rasa, anirvacanIya Ananda Adi jaise zabdoM se pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI isI prakAra ke sAkSAtkAra kI aneka ghaTanAoM aura kathanoM kA ullekha milatA hai| kabIra ne 'rAma ratana pAyA re karama vicArA' nainA baina

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aganecarI, 3018 1302 'Apa pichAnai Apai Apa' jaise uddharaNoM ke mAdhyama se anubhava kI AvazyakatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| unhoMne advaitavAda kA sahArA lekara tattva kA anubhava kiyaa| isa anubhava meM tarka kA koI upayoga nhiiN| tarka se advaitavAda kI sthApanA bhI nahIM hotI balki anekatva kA sRjana hotA hai isalie kabIra ne AdhyAtmika kSetra meM tarka ko pratiSThita karane vAloM ke lie 'mohI mana vAlA' kahA hai| aura 'khule naina pahicAnau haMsi - haMsi sundara rUpa nihArau " kI preraNA dI hai| dAdU ne bhI isI prakAra se 'so hama dekhyA naina bhari, sundara sahaja sarUpa' ke rUpa meM anubhava kiyaa|" yaha AtmAnubhava vRttiyoM ke antarmukhI hone para hI ho pAtA hai| isase eka alaukika Ananda kI prApti hotI hai - 303 1304. 306 307 Apahi Apa vicAriye tava ketA hoya Ananda re / 397 banArasIdAsa ne kabIra aura anya santoM ke samAna AtmAnubhava ko zAnti aura Ananda kA kAraNa batAyA hai|" anubhUti kI dAminI zIla rUpa zItala samIra ke bhItara se damakatI huI santApadAyaka bhAvoM ko cIrakara pragaTa hotI hai aura sahaja zAzvata Ananda kI prApti kA sanmArga pradarzita karatI hai| 309 kabIra Adi santoM ne AtmAnubhava se mohAdi dUra karane kI bAta utanI adhika spaSTa nahIM kI jitanI hindI jaina kaviyoM ne kii| jaina kavi rUpacanda kA to vizvAsa hai ki AtmAnubhava se sArA moha rUpa saghana andherA naSTa ho jAtA hai / anekAnta kI cira nUtana kiraNoM kA svaccha prakAza phaila jAtA hai, sattArUpa anupama adbhuta jJeyAkara vikasita ho jAtA hai, Ananda kanda amanda amUrta AtmA meM mana basa jAtA hai tathA usa sukha ke sAmane anya sukha vAse-se pratIta hone lagate

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398 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA haiN| isalie ve anAdikAlIna avidyA ko sarvaprathama dUra karanA cAhate haiM tAki cetanA kA anubhava ghaTa-ghaTa meM abhivyakta ho ske|"dyaantraay ne bhI AtmAnubhava ko advaitAvasthA kI prApti aura bhavavAdhA dUra karane kA uttama sAdhana mAnA hai| sva-para viveka tathA samatA kI prApti isI se hotI hai|" banArasIdAsa Adi kaviyoM ne bhedavijJAna kI bAta kahI hai para santoM ne se AtmasAkSAtkAra kI bhASA dI hai - 'prANa parIcai chANa' 312 ApahuM Apahi jaane'|13 bhedavijJAna hone para hI vRttiyA~ antarmukhI ho jAtI haiM - 'vastu vicArata dhyAvatai mana pAvai vishraam'|"daaduu ne isI ko 'brahmadRSTi paricaya bhayA taba dAdU baiThA rAkhi' kahA aura sundaradAsa ne 'sAkSAtkAra yAhI sAdhana karane hoI, sundara kahata dvaita buddhi kU nivAriye' mAnA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki bhavamUlaka rahasyabhAvanA meM sAdhaka kI svAnubhUti ko sabhI AdhyAtmika santoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAvamUlaka rahasyabhAvanA kA sambandha aisI sAdhanA se hai jisakA mUla uddezya AdhyAtmika cirantana satya aura tajjanya anubhUti ko prApta karanA rahA hai| isakI prApti ke lie sAdhaka yama-niyamoM kA to pAlana karatA hI hai para usakA pramukha sAdhana prema yA upAsanA rahatA hai| usI ke mAdhyama se vaha parama puruSa, priyatama, paramAtmA ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karatA hai aura usase bhAvAtmaka aikyAnubhUti kI kSamatA paidA karatA hai| isa sAdhanA meM sAdhaka ke lie guru kA vizeSa sahArA milatA hai jo usakI prasupta prema bhAvanA ko jAgrata karatA hai| prema athavA rahasya bhAvanA jAgrata ho jAne para sAdhaka dAmpatyamUlaka viraha se saMtapta ho uThatA hai aura phira usakI prApti ke lie vaha vividha prakara kI sahaja yogasAdhanAoM kA avalambana letA hai|

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399 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana madhyakAlIna hindI sAhitya meM isa prakAra kI rahasya - bhAvanA hama vizeSa rUpa se sUphI, kabIra aura mIrA kI sAdhanA meM pAte haiM / 2. sUphI rahasya bhAvanA bhAratIya sUphI kaviyoM ne sUphImata meM pracalita prAyaH sabhI siddhAntoM ko antarbhukta kiyA hai aura una para bhAratIya paramparAoM kA AvaraNa DAlA hai| usakI paramasattA alakha, arUpa evaM agocara hai, phira bhI vahAM samasta jagata ke kaNa-kaNa meM vyApta hai - alakha rUpa akabara so krtaa| vaha sabasauM, saba ohisauM bhartA / " vaha sRSTi kA kAraka, dhAraka aura hAraka hai|" vaha mahAn zaktizAlI, karuNAzIla aura saundaryazIla hai| kartavya aura karuNa usake AdhAra stambha haiM jisa prakAra sarovara meM par3A pratibimba samIpastha hote hue bhI agrAhya hai| usI prakAra sarvavyApaka paramAtmA kA bhI pAnA sarala nahIM hai / paramAtmA ke mUrta aura amUrta donoM svarUpoM kA varNana sUphI kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| AtmA-paramAtmA kI advaita sthiti ko bhI unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai| jo bhI antara hai pAramArthika nahIM, vyAvahArika ha / usakA vyAvahArika svarUpa mAyAgarbhita hotA hai| 318 usa sUphI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka kI cAra avasthAoM kA varNana milatA hai - 1) zarIata arthAt AcAra yA karmakANDa kA pAlana 2) tarIkata arthAt bAhya kriyAkANDa ko chor3akara Antarika zuddhi pUrvaka paramAtmA kA dhyAna karanA / 3) hakIkata arthAt paramAtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna honA, aura 4) mArphat arthAt samyak sAdhanA dvArA AtmA ko paramAtmA meM vilIna hone kI kSamatA prApta honA /

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400 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA sAdhaka ina cAroM avasthAoM ko pAra karane meM paramAtmA ke guNoM kA cintana (jikra) karatA hai, rAga, ahaMkAra Adi mAnasika vRttiyoM ko dUra karatA hai (phikra), apane dharma graMtha (kurAna-zarIpha) kA abhyAsa (tilavata) karatA hai aura tadanusAra nAmasmaraNa, vrata, upavAsa dAnAdika kriyAyeM karatA hai| sUphI santoM ne AdhyAtmika sattA ko priyatama ke rUpa meM dekhA hai aura usake darzana kI taDaphana meM apane ko DuboyA hai| isI meM ve samarasa hue haiN| 'sUphiyoM kA prema 'pracchanna' ke prati hai| sUphI apanI prema vyaMjanA sAdharaNa nAyaka-nAyikA ke rUpa meM karate haiN| prasaMga sAmAnya prema kA hI rahatA hai kintu usakA saMketa 'parama prema' kA hotA hai| bIca meM Ane vAle rahasyAtmaka sthala isa sAre saMsAra meM usI kI sthiti ko sUcita karate haiM sAtha hI sArI sRSTi ko usa eka se milane ke lie citrita karate haiN| laukika evaM alaukika prema donoM sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| prastuta meM aprastuta kI yojanA hotI hai| vaiSNava bhaktoM kI bhAMti inakI prema vyaMjanA ke pAtra alaukika nahIM hote| laukika pAtroM ke madhya laukika prema kI vyaMjanA karate hue bhI alaukika kI sthApanA karane kA durUha prayAsa ina sUphI prabandha kAvyoM meM saphala huA hai|319 prema ke vividha rUpa milate haiN| eka prema to vaha hai jisakA prasphuTana vivAha ke bAda hotA hai| dUsarA prema vaha hai jisameM premiyoM kA AdhAra evaM Adarza donoM hI viraha haiN| tIsare prema meM nArI kI apekSA nara meM virahAkulatA dikhAI detI hai aura cauthe prema meM prema kA sphuraNa citradarzana, sAkSAt darzana Adi se hotA hai| prema ke isa antima svarUpa, jisakA Arambha guNa zravaNa, citradarzana, sAkSAt darzana Adi se hotA hai, isakA paricaya sUphI premAkhyAnoM meM milatA hai| lagabhaga

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 401 sabhI nAyaka nAyikA kA, jo paramAtmA kA svarUpa hai, rUpa guNa varNana sunakara athavA svapna meM yA sAkSAt dekhakara usake viraha meM vyAkula hokara gharabAra choDakara yogI bana jAte haiN| guNazravaNa ke dvArA prema bhAvanA jAgrata hone vAlI kathAoM ke antargata 'padmAvata', 'haMsajAhara', 'anurAgavAMsurI', 'puhupAvatI' Adi kathAyeM AtI haiN| 'chItA' premAkhyAna meM guNazravaNa se AkarSaNa evaM pazcAt sAkSAt darzana se prema jAgrata hotA hai / citradarzana se premodbhUta hone vAlI kathAoM meM citrita hone vAlI kathAoM meM 'citrAvalI' 'ratanAvalI' Adi kathAyeM AtI haiN| svapna darzana ke kSaNa prema jAgrata hone vAlI kathAyeM adhika haiN| 'kanakAvatI', 'kAmalatA', 'indrAvatI', 'yusUpha julekhA', 'premadarpaNa' Adi premAkhyAna isake antargata Ate haiN| sAkSAt darzana ke dvArA jAgRti kA varNana madhumAlata, madhakaramAlati evaM bhASA premarasa Adi meM milatA hai| 320 sUphI kaviyoM meM jAyasI vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne anyokti aura samAsokti ke mAdhyama se prastuta vastu se aprastuta vastu ko prastuta kara AdhyAtmika tathyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / sUryacandra sAdhanA ke prakAza meM DaoN. triguNAyata ne padmAvata kI kathA kI anyoktiyoM ko isa prakAra samajhAyA hai -321 1) siMhala dIpa - sahasrAra kamala 2) mAnasarovara - brahmarandhra 3) totA - guru 4) ratanasena - yogI sAdhaka 5) nAgamati - mAyA 6) padmAvatI - zuddha jyoti svarUpI jIvAtmA jisameM ziva zakti pratiSThita rahatI hai|

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402 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 7) sAta samudra - SaTcakra aura satavAM shsraar| 8) maMDapa - brahmarandhra meM jIvAtmA paramAtmA kA milana yahAM ratanasena eka sAdhaka kI AtmA ko vyaMjita karane vAlA tattva hai jisameM svayaM kI ananta zakti bharI huI hai| vaha mana kA pratIka hai jo nAgamati rUpiNI mAyA meM Asakta hai| totA rUpa guru ke mila jAne para usakI jJAna buddhi jAgrata ho jAtI hai aura vaha padmAvata rUpI zuddhabuddha zakti ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| sAdhya ke darzana meM sAdhaka ke lie bhUkha-pyAsa kI bhI bAdhA pratIta nahIM hotii| usakA darzana dIpaka ke samAna hai jahAM vaha pataMga ke samAna bhikhArI bana jAtA hai| priyatama kA darzana mAtra hI sAdhaka kA ajJAna dUra karane meM paryApta hotA hai| tote rUpI guru ke mukha se padmAvatI rUpI sAdhya puruSa kA rUpa varNana sunakara ratanasena rUpI sAdhaka mUrchita ho gyaa| uha usake prema se tar3apane lgaa| saMsAra ke mAyAjAla meM phaMse rahane ke kAraNa sAdhaka sAdhya kA darzana nahIM kara pAtA aura yahI usake viraha kA kAraNa hotA hai| antatogatvA ratanasena (sAdhaka) 'duniyA kA dhandhA' rUpiNI nAgamatI ko chor3akara padmAvatI rUpI paramAtmA ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| phira bhI usakA mana pUrNataH pariSkRta na hone se patita ho jAtA hai aura bhava-sAgara meM DUbatA utaratA rahatA hai| sAdhaka ko jaba isa tathya kA anubhava hotA hai taba vaha pazcAttApa karatA hai ki maine to 'moramora' kahakara ahaMkAra aura mAyA saba kucha gaMvA diyaa| para paramAtmA (padmAvatI) kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM huaa| vaha paramAtmA rUpa padmAvatI kahAM hai ? 222 vaha viraha hI rahasyavAdI sAdhaka kA prANa hai| vahI usakI jijIviSA hai / isa viraha ko jAyasI ne 'prema-ghAva' ke rUpa meM citrita

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403 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 324 kiyaa| vaha sAre zarIra ko kAMTA banA detA hai / sAdhaka sAdhya kI virahAgni meM jalatA rahatA hai para dUsare ko jalane nahIM detaa| prema kI cinagArI se AkAza aura pRthvI, donoM bhayavIta ho jAte haiM / 125 326 327. padmAvatI ke divya saundarya kA varNana bhakta kavi ne kiyA hai| mAna-sarovara ne padmAvatI ko pAkara kaisA harSa vyakta kiyA yaha padmAvata meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| usake divya rUpa ko jAyasI ne 'devatA hAtha-hAtha pagu lehI / jahaM pagu dharai sIsa tahaM dahI' ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| unakA paramAtmA prema bhI anupama hai| AkAza jaisA asIma hai, dhruvanakSetra se bhI UMcA hai| usakA darzana vahIM kara sakatA hai jo zira ke bala para vahAM taka pahuMcanA cAhatA hai / paramAtmA kI yaha prApti sadAcAra ke pAlana, ahaM ke vinAza, hRdaya kI zuddhatA evaM svayaMkRta pApoM kA pratikramaNa (tobA) karane se hotI hai|' 328 329 isa AdhyAtmika viraha se pratADita hokara ratanasena padmAvatI se milana karane ke lie prayatna karatA hai| usakI sAdhanA dvimukhI hotI hai - antarmukhI aura bahirmukhI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka apane hRdayastha priyatama kI khoja karatA hai aura bahirmukhI sAdhanA meM vaha use sAre vizva meM khojatA hai| antarmukhI rahasyavAda zuddhabhAvamUlaka aura yogamUlaka donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| bahirmukhI rahasyavAda meM prakRtimUlaka, abhivyaktimUlaka Adi bheda Ate haiN| isa prakAra jAyasI kA bhAvamUlaka rahasyavAda antarmukhI aura bahirmukhI ubhaya prakAra kA hai| 330 jAyasI antarmukhI prakriyA ke vizeSa dhanI haiN| unhoMne siMhala ko hRdaya kA pratIka banAkara usameM paramAtmA kA nivAsa batAyA hai / mAyA Adi jaise tattvoM ke kAraNa priyatama ke use darzana hI nahIM ho gar3ha

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404 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 331 332 paate| ratanasena darzana ke lie itanA tar3apa uThatA hai ki sAta pAtAla khojakara aura sAta svargo meM daur3akara padmAvatI ko khojane ki bAta karatA hai|" sAdhaka ghanaghora tapa aura sAdhanA karatA hai / taba kahIM priyatama ke deza meM pahuMca pAtA hai| jAyasI ne usa deza kA varNana kiyA hai| jahAM na dina hotA hai na rAta, na pavana hai na paanii| usa deza meM pahuMcakara priyatama se bheMTa kI AturatA bar3ha jAtI hai| para vaha aparicita hai aura phira idhara duSToM kA gherA hai jise kisI taraha se sAdhaka sAdhya kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai aura usake bAda AdhyAtmika vivAha kI avasthA hotI hai jisakA mahatva rahasyavAda meM bahuta adhika hai| ratanasena aura padmAvatI kA vivAha aise hI vivAha kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| isa vivAha kA varNana yadyapi bhautika jaisA lagatA hai para vaha vastutaH hai AdhyAtmika hI hai| vara-vadhu kI gAMTha itanI dRr3hatA se jur3a jAtI hai ki vaha Age ke bhAvoM meM bhI nahIM chUTa paatii| maMgAlAcAra hote haiM mantra - pATha par3hA jAtA hai aura cAMda-sUrya kA milana hotA hai / 333 334 AdhyAtmika vivAha ke uparAnta sAdhaka sAdhya ke prati pUrI taraha se AtmasamarpaNa kara detA haiM donoM tanmaya ho jAte haiN| sAdhakasAdhya kA milana bhI AdhyAtmika milana hai jise mAnasarovara khaNDa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| milana hote hI ratanasena padmAvatI ke caraNa sparza karatA hai| caraNa sparza karate hI vaha brahma rUpa ho jAtI hai| yahI avasthA rahasyAnubhUti kI carama avasthA hai| jAyasI ne isakA varNana bar3I sUkSmatA se kiyA hai| ratanasena apane Apa ko padmAvatI ke lie sauMpa detA hai| usakA zarIra mAtra usake sAtha hai| jIva padmAvatI meM mila gyaa| isalie duHkha-sukha jo bhI hogA, vaha zarIra ko nahIM, jIva ko hogA, ratanasena ke jIva ko nahIM / padmAvatI ne ratanasena ko

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana AzvAsana diyA ki jIvita raheMge to sAtha raheMge aura mareMge to sAtha rheNge|" yaha tAdAtmya avasthA kA bahuta sundara citraNa hai / tAdAtmya hone para sAdhaka ko ArAdhya ke atirikta aura koI nahIM dikhAI detaa| ratanasena ko padmAvatI ke atirikta sundarI apsarA Adi kA rUpa nahIM dikhAI detA / usI ke smaraNa meM use paramAnanda ko anubhUti hotI hai"| dhIre-dhIre advaita sthiti AtI hai aura donoM eka dUsare meM aise rama jAte haiM ki unheM sArA vizva prakAzita dikhAI dene lagatA hai| ve sasImatA se haTakara asImatA meM pahuMca jAte haiM, ratanasena aura padmAvatI isa prakAra se eka hue jaise do vastue~ auMTa kara eka ho jAtI hai| 337 405 338 sUphI kaviyoM meM milana kI pAMca avasthAoM kA varNana milatA hai - phanA, phakda, sukra, vajda aura zaha / phanA meM sAdhaka sAdhya ke vyaktittva ke sAtha bilakula ghula-mila jAtA hai / vaha apane ahaM ke astitva ko bhUla jAtA hai| * phakda avasthA meM vaha usake nAma aura rUpa meM rama jAtA hai| supta avasthA meM sAdhaka sAdhya ke rUpa kA pAnakara unmatta ho jAtA hai, Ananda vibhora ho jAtA hai| vajda avasthA meM sAdhaka ko paramAtmA kI prApti ho jAtI hai aura zaha meM use pUrNa zAnti mila jAtI hai / " jAyasI meM pAMcoM avasthAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| 339 340 341 jAyasI ne paramatattva kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie prakRti ko bhI eka sAdhana banAyA hai| sRSTi kA mUla tattva advaita thA / avidyA Adi kAraNoM se usameM dvaita tattva AyA jo bhrAnti mUlaka thaa| bhrAnti ke dUra hote hI sAdhaka svayaM meM aura sAdhya meM tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai| isa sandarbha meM rahasyavAdI kavi kA prakRti varNana zuddha bhautika na hokara

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kAlpanika, divya aura rahasyavAdI hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI apanI praNaya bhAvanA ko bhI vaha prakRti ke mAdhyama se vyaMjita karatA hai / 406 rahasyavAda kI abhivyakti vividha prakAra kI saMketAtmaka, pratIkAtmaka, vyaMjanAparaka evaM AlaMkArika zailiyoM meM kI jAtI hai| ina zailiyoM meM anyokti zailI, samAsoktizailI, saMvRtti vakratAmUlaka zailI, rUpaka zailI, pratIkAtmakazailI vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| ina zailiyoM meM jAyasI ne apane AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| ise unakA AdhyAtmika rahasyavAda kaha sakate haiN| 342 343 sUphI kAvyoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki unhoMne prema aura rUpa kA ajasra sambandha svIkAra kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ve rUpa ko khudA kI praticchavi mAnate haiN| jIvAtmA ke paramAtmA ke prati prema ko unhoMne kaI pratIkoM dvArA vyaMjita kiyA hai jinameM kamala aura sUrya, candramA aura cakora, dIpaka evaM pataMga, cumbaka aura lohA, gulAba aura bhramara, rAga aura hiraNa pramukha haiN| ina pratIkoM se kavi spaSTa hI sAdhaka aura sAdhya ke bIca ke vyavadhAna kI ora saMketa karatA hai avazya para unameM vidyamAna Ananda, ekaniSThatA aura tyAga sarAhanIya haiM" hara sUphI sAdhaka jagata ko eka darpaNa mAnatA hai jisameM brahma athavA Izvara pratibimbita hotA hai| mAnasarovara rUpI darpaNa meM padmAvatI rUpI virATa brahma ke rUpa se sArA saMsAra avabhAsita hotA hai| advaitavAda ko spaSTa karane kA yaha saralatama mArga sUphI sAdhakoM ne khoja nikaalaa| paramAtmA rUpa priyatama ke viraha ne isameM saMvedanazIlatA kI gaharI anubhUti jor3a dI jise sAhitya aura darzana ke kSetra meM hama eka vizeSa yogadAna kaha sakate haiM /

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 407 3. nirguNa bhaktoM kI rahasya bhAvanA madhyakAlIna hindI santoM ne bhI sUphI santoM ke samAna apanI rahasyAnubhUti ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| unakI rahasyabhAvanA ko sUphI, vaidika, jaina aura bauddha rahasyabhAvanAoM kA saMmizrita rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai / mAyA Adi ke AvaraNa se dUra prema kI prakarSatA yahAM sarvatra dekhI jA sakatI hai| mAyA ke kAraNa brahmamilana na hone para viraha kI vaha dazA jAgrata hotI hai jo sAdhaka ko parama satya kI khoja meM lagAye rakhatI hai| santoM kA brahma (rAma) nirguNa aura nirAkAra hai - nirguNa rAma jayahure bhaaii| vaha anupama aura arUpI hai| usake viyoga meM kabIra kI AtmA tar3apatI huI idhara-udhara bhaTakatI hai| para usakA priyatama to nirguNa hai| 'abalA ke piU-piu' vAle Artasvara se bhI usa para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| piyA milana kI Asa lekara Akhira vaha kaba taka khar3I rahe - 'piyA milana kI Asa, rahI kaba lI kharI' / piyA ke prema rasa meM kabIra ne apane Apako bhulA diyaa| eka myAna meM do talavAreM bhalA kaise raha sakatI haiM ? unhoMne prema kA pyAlA khUba piyaa| phalataH unake roma-roma meM vahI prema basa gyaa| kabIra ne guru-rasa kA bhI pAna kiyA hai, chAcha bhI nahIM bcii| vaha saMsAra-sAgara se pAra ho gayA hai| pake ghar3e ko kumhAra ke cAka para punaH car3hAne ko kyA avazyakatA? pIyA cAhe prema rasa rAkhA cAhe maan| eka myAna meM do khar3aga dekhA sunA na kaan| kabirA pyAlA prema kA, aMtara liyA lgaay| roma-roma meM rami rahA aura amala kyA khaay| kabirA hama guru rasa piyA bAkI rahI na chaak| pAkA kalasa kumhAra kA bahuri na caDhasi caak|

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408 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA santoM ne vAtsalya bhAva se bhagavAna ko kabhI mAtA rUpa meM mAnA to kabhI pitA rUpa meN| parantu mAdhurya bhAva ke udAharaNa sarvopari haiN| unhoMne svayaM ko priyatama aura bhagavAn ko priyatama kI kalpanA kara bhakti ke sarasa pravAha meM manacAhA avagAhana kiyA hai - hari mero pIu maiM hari kI bhuriyaa| dAdU, sahajobAI, caranadAsa Adi santoM ne bhI isI kalpanA kA sahArA liyA hai| unake priyatama ne priyA ke lie eka vicitra cUnarI saMvAra dI hai jise viralA hI pA sakatA hai| vaha ATha prahara rUpI ATha hAthoM kI banI hai aura paMcatattva rUpI raMgoM se raMgI hai| sUryacandra usake AMcala meM lage haiM jinase sArA saMsAra prakAzita hotA hai| isa cUnarI kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ise kisI ne tAne-bAne para nahIM bunaa| yaha to use priyatama ne bheMTa kI hai - cunariyA hamarI piyA ne saMvArI, koI pahirai piyA kI pyaarii| ATha hAtha kI banI cunariyA, paMcaraMga paTiyA paarii|| cAMda suraja jAmaiM AMcala lAge, jagamaga joti ujaarii| binu tAne yaha banI cunariyA, dAsa kabIra blihaarii||51 kabIra ke priyatama kI chavi vizvavyApinI hai / svayaM kabIra bhI usameM tanmaya hokara 'lAla' ho jAte haiN| usake viraha se virahiNI krauMca pakSI ke samAna rAta bhara rotI rahatI hai viyoga se santapta hokara vaha pathikoM se pUchatI hai - priyatama kA eka zabda bhI sunane kahAM milegA? usakI vyathA hiMcakAriyoM ke mAdhyama se phUTa par3atI hai - Ai na sakoM tujha pai, saku~ na tujha bulaai| jiyarA yoM hI lehuge, viraha tapAi tpaai|| aMghar3iyA jhAI par3I, pantha nihAri nihaari| jIbhar3iyA chAlA paDyA, rAma pukAri pukaari|| ina tana ke dIvA kasaiM, bAtI melyUM jIva / lohI sIMco tela jyUM, kaba mukha dekhauM piiv||353

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 409 nimna paMktiyoM meM priyatama ke viraha kA aura bhI saMvedana dRSTavya hai cakabI vichurI reNikI, Ai milI prmaati| je jana vichure rAma se, te dina mile na raati|| bAsari sukha na reMNa sukha, nAM sukha sapunai maaNhi| kabIra vichuTyA rAmasUM, nA sukha dhUpa na chaaNh|| virahina UbhI paMthasiri, paMthI bUmdai dhaai| eka sabada kahi pIvakA, kabarai milaiMge aai||254 AtmasamarpaNa ke lie kaviyoM ne AdhyAtmika vivAha kA sRjana kiyA hai| patnI kI tanmayatA pati meM binA vivAha ke pUrI nahIM ho paatii| pIhara meM rahate hue bhI usakA mana pati meM lagA rahatA hai| pati se bheMTa na hone para bhI patnI ko usameM sukha kA anubhava hotA hai / karuNa Andana meM hI usake priya kA vAsa hai| priya kA milana haMsI mArga se nahIM miltaa| usake lie to azru pravAha kI eka sarala mArga hai - aMkhar3iyAM jhAMI par3I, pantha nihAri nihaari| jIbhar3iyAM chAlA paDyA rAma pukAri pukaari||22|| nainA nIjhara lAiyA, rahaTa vasai nis-jaam| papIhA jyUM piva piva karauM, kabasa milhugeraam||24|| aMkhar3i prema kasAiyAM, loga jANai duHkhdd'iyaaN| sAI apaNe kAraNa, roI roI rttdd'iyaaN||25|| haMsi haMsi kanta na pAiye, jini pAyA tina roi| jo haMsi haMsi hI hari mile, to na duhAgini koi|| priyatama rUpa paramAtmA kA prema vaisA hI hotA hai jaisA ki mIna ko nIra se, zizu ko kSIra se, pIr3ita ko auSadhi se, cAtaka ko svAti se, cakora ko canda se, sarpa ko candana se, nirdhana ko dhana se, aura

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 356 kAminI ko kanta se hotA hai| prema se vyathita hokara premI andara aura bAhara sarvatra priya kA hI darzana karatA hai - 410 kabIra rekha sindUra kI, kAjala diyA na jaai| nainUM ramaiyA rami rahayA, dUjA kahAM samAI / / nainA antari bhAva tUM jyUM hIM naina jhaMpeu / nAM hauM dekhauM aura kUM, nA tujha dekhana deu / / 357 priyatama ke dhyAna se kabIra kI dvividhA kA bheda khula jAtA hai aura mana maila dhula jAtA hai - duvidhA ke bheda khola bahuriyA manakai dhovaai|' unakI cUnarI ko bhI sAhaba ne raMga diyaa| usameM pahale syAhI kA raMga lagA thaa| use chuTAkara majIThA kA raMga lagA diyA jo dhone se chUTatA nahIM balki svaccha-sA dikhatA hai| usa cUnarI ko pahanakara kabIra kI priyA samarasa ho jAtI hai - sAheba hai raMgareja cunarI merI raMga DArI / syAhI raMga chur3Ayake re diyo majIThA raMga / dhoya se chUTe nahIM re dina-dina hota suraMga / bhAva ke kuMDa neha ke jala meM pagema raMga dei bora / dukha deha maila luTAya de re khUba raMgI jhakajhora / / sAhiba ne cunarI raMgI re pItama catura sujAna / saba kucha una para bAra dUM, re tala mana dhana aura prAna / / kaheM kabIra raMgareja pyAre mujhapara hue dayAla / sItala cunarI oDha ke re bhai haiM magana nihAla / / priyatama se prema sthApita karane ke lie saMsAra se vairAgya lene kI 358

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 411 AvazyakatA hotI hai| saMsAra se virakta hokara priyA priyatama meM apane ko ramA letI hai| aura usake viraha meM mana ke vikAroM ko jalA detI hai| milana hone para vaha priya ke sAtha horI khelanA cAhatI thI para priya bichur3a hI gyaa| milana athavA vivAha racAne kA uddezya paramapada kI prApti thii| kabIra ne isa AdhyAtmika vivAha kA bar3A sundara citraNa kiyA hai - dulahina gAvo maMgalAcAra, hama ghari Aye ho rAjA rAma bhrtaar| tana rati kari maiM mana rati kari hUM paMca tattva vraatii| rAmadeva mohi byAhana Aye maiM jIvana mdmaatii|| sarIra sarovara vedI kari hUM brahmA veda gaarai| rAmadeva saMga bhavaMri lehUM dhani-dhani bhAga hamArai / / sura tetisa koTika Aye munivara sahasa atthaasii| kahai kabIra hama vyAhi cate puruSa eka avinaashii||263 avinAzI puruSa se vivAha karane ke bAda kabIra kA pItama bahuta dinoM meM ghara AtA hai - "bahuta dinana meM prItama aae|" kavi kI priyA use prabhAta mAnatI hai| bAda meM tAdAtmya kI sahI anubhUti madhura milana aura suhAgarAta meM hotI hai| vahIM kabIra kI priyA anirvacanIya Ananda kA anubhava karatI hai - avigata akala anUpama dekhA, kahatA kahI na jaaii| saina karai mana hI mana rahasai, gUMge jAni mitthaaii|| isI avasthA meM sAdhaka aura sAdhya jala meM jala ke samAna milakara advaita ho jAte haiM jala meM kumbha kumbha meM jala hai, bhItara bAhara paanii| phUTA kumbha jala jalahiMsamAnA, yaha tata kahyo giyaanii|| 163

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412 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA advaita sthiti meM priyA aura priyatama ke bIca yaha bhAvanA prasthApita ho jAtI hai - hari mari haiM to hamahu mari haiN| harina mareM to hama kAhai ko mreN|| isa prakAra nirguNiyA santa AdhyAtmikatA, advaita aura pavitratA kI sImA meM ghire rahate haiN| unakI sAdhanA meM vicAra aura prema kA sundara samanvaya huA hai tathA brahmajijJAsA se vaha anuprANita hai / aNDarahila ke anusAra rahasyavAdiyoM kA nirguNa upAsya prema karane yogya, prApta karane yogya sajIva aura vaiyaktika hotA hai| ye vizeSatAyeM santoM ke rahasyavAdI priyatama meM saMniviSTa milatI haiN| prema, guru, viraha, rAmarasa ye rahasyavAda ke pramukha tattva haiN| aNDarahila ke anusAra prema mUlaka rahasyavAda kI pAMca avasthAyeM hotI haiM - jAgaraNa, pariSkaraNa, aMzAnubhUti, vighna aura miln| santoM ke rahasyavAda meM ye sabhI avasthAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| unakI rahasyabhAvanA kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM - sarvavyApakatA, sampUrNa satya kI anubhUti pravRtyAtmakatA, kathanIkaranI meM ekatA, karma-bhakti-prema-jJAna meM samanvayavAditA, advaitAnubhUti aura jnmaantrvaaditaa|65 4. saguNa bhaktoM kI rahasyabhAvanA saguNa sAdhakoM meM mIrA, sUra aura tulasI kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| mIrA kA prema nArI sulabha samarpaNa kI komala bhAvanA garbhita 'mAdhurya bhAva' kA hai jisameM apane iSTadeva kI priyatama ke rUpa meM upAsanA kI jAtI hai| unakA koI sampradAya vizeSa nahIM, ve to mAtra bhakti kI sAkAra bhAvanA kI pratIka haiM jisameM cirantana priyatama ke pAne ke lie madhura praNaya kA mArmika spandana huA hai| 'mhAro to giradhara gautama aura dUsarA na koI' athavA 'giradhara se navala ThAkura mIrAM

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 413 sI dAsI' jese uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki unhoMne giradhara kRSNa ko hI apanA parama sAdhya aura priyatama svIkAra kiyA hai| sUra, nandadAsa Adi ke samAna unheM kisI rAdhA kI AvazyakatA nahIM huii| ve svayaM rAdhA banakara AtmasamarpaNa karatI huI dikhAI detI haiN| isalie mIrA kI premA bhakti parA bhakti hai jahAM sArI icchAyeM mAtra priyatama giradhara meM kendrita haiN| sakhya bhAva ko chor3akara navadhA bhakti ke sabhI aMga bhI unake kAvya meM milate haiN| ekAdaza AsaktiyoM meM se kAntAsakti, rUpAsakti aura tanmayAsakti vizeSa dRSTavya haiN| prapatta bhAvanA unameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai| unakI AtmA dIpaka kI usa lau ke samAna hai jo ananta prakAza meM milane ke lie jala rahI hai / sUphI kaviyoM ne paramAtmA kI upAsanA priyatamA ke rUpa meM kI hai / unake advaita meM nijI sattA ko paramasattA meM milA dene kI bhAvanA garbhita hai| kabIra ne paramAtamA kI upAsanA priyatama ke rUpa meM kI para usameM vaha bhAva vyaMjanA nahIM dikhAI detI jo mIrA ke svara meM nihita hai| mIrA ka e raga-raga meM piyA kA prema bharA huA hai jabaki kabIra samAja sudhAra kI ora adhika agrasara hue haiN| mIrA kI bhAvukatA cIraharaNa aura rAsa kI lIlAoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai jahA~ ve 'Aja anArI le gayI sArI, baiThI kadama kI DArI, mhAre gela paDyo giradhArI' kahatI haiM / priyatama kA milana ho jAne para mIrA ke mana kI tApa miTa jAtI hai aura sArA zarIra romAMcita ho uThatA hai - mhAMrI olagiyA ghara AyA jI / / tana kI tApa miTI sukha pAyA, hilamila maMgala gAyA jI /

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414 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA dhana kI dhuni suni mora magana bhayA, yUM ANanda AyA jI / magana bhaI milI prabhu apaNAsUM, bho kA darada miTAyA jI / / canda ko dekhi kamodaNi phUlai harikha bhayA merI kAyA jI / raga-raga sItala bhaI merI sajanI, hari mere mahala sidhAyA jI / saba bhagatana kA kAraja kInhA, soI prabhu meM pAyA jI / mIrA virahaNi sItala hoI, dukha dunda nasAyA jI / mIrA kI tanmayatA aura ekIkaraNa ke darzana 'lagI mohi rAma khumArI ho' meM milate haiM jahAM vaha 'sadA lIna Ananda meM rahakara brahmarasa kA pAna karatI hai| unakA jJAna aura ajJAna, Ananda aura viSAda 'eka' meM hI lIna ho jAtA hai| isI ke lie to unhoMne pacaraMgI colA pahinakara jhiramiTa meM AMkha micaunI khelI hai / aura manamohana se sone meM suhAga-sI prIti lagAyI hai| bar3e bhAga se mIrA ke prabhu giridhara nAgara mIrA para rIjhe haiN| isI mAdhurya bhAva meM mIrA kI cunariyA premarasa kI bUMdoM se bhIMgatI rahI aura AratI sajAkara suhAgina priya ko khojake nikala pdd'ii| " use varSAt aura bijalI bhI nahIM roka skii| priya ko khone meM usakI nIMda bhI harAma ho gaI, aMga-aMga vyAkula ho gaye para priya kI vANI kI smRti se 'antara - vedana viraha kI vaha pIr3A na jAnI' gii| jaise cAtaka dhana ke binA aura machalI pAnI ke binA vyAkula rahatI hai vaise hI mIrA 'vyAkula virahaNI sudha budha visarAnI' bana gii| usakI piyA sUnI seja bhayAvana lagane lagI, viraha se jalane lgii| yaha nirguNa kI seja UMcI aTArI para lagI hai, usameM lAla kivAr3a lage haiM, paMcaraMgI jhAlara lagI hai, mA~ga meM sindUra bharakara sumiraNa kA thAla hAtha meM lekara priyA priyatama ke milana kI bATa joha rahI hai -

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 415 UMcI aTariyA, lAla kivar3iyA, nirguna seja bichii| paMcaraMgI jhAlara subha sohe phUlata phUla klii|| bAjU banda kaDU lA so haiM mAMga seMdUra bhrii| sumiraNa thAla hAtha meM lInhA sobhA adhika bhrii|| seja sukhamaNAM mIrA sovai subha hai Aja ghdd'ii||267 jinakA priyatama paradeza meM rahatA hai unheM patrAdi ke mAdhyama kI AvazyakatA hotii| para mIrA kA priya to unake antaHkaraNa meM hI vasatA hai, use patrAdi likhane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhtii| sUrya, candra Adi saba kucha binAzIka hai / yadi kucha avinAzI hai to vaha hai priya prmaatmaa| surati aura nirati ke dIpaka meM mana kI vAtI aura premahaTI ke tela se utpanna hone vAlI jyoti akSuNNa rahegI - jinakA piyA paradeza vasata hai likha likha bhejeM paatii| merA piyA mere hIyavata hai nA kahUM AtI jaatii|| candA jAyagA sUraja jAyagA jAyagA dharaNi akaasii| pavana pAnI donoM hUM jAMyege aTala rahai avinaashii|| surata nirata kA divalA saMjIle manasA kI karale vaatii| prema haTI kA tela maMgAle jaga rahayA dina te raatii| sataguru miliyA saMsA bhagyA sena batAI saaNcii|| nA ghara terA nA ghara merA gAvai mIrA daasii||368 DaoN. prabhAta ne mIrA kI rahasya bhAvanA ke sandarbha meM DaoN. zarmA aura DaoN. dvivedI ke kathanoM kA ullekha karate hue apanA niSkarSa diyA hai| nirguNa bhakta binA bAtI, binA tela ke dIpa ke prakAza meM pArabrahma ke jisa khela kI carcA karatA hai, yaha mUlataH saguNa bhaktoM kI 'harilIlA' se vizeSa bhinna nahIM hai| DaoN. muMzIrAma zarmA ne veda, purANa, tantra aura

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416 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA Adhunika vijJAna ke AdhAra para yahI niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki 'harilIlA Atmazakti kI vibhinna krIr3AoM kA citraNa haiN| rAdhA, kRSNa, gopI Adi saba antaHzaktiyoM ke pratIka hai| DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke adhyayana kA niSkarSa hai ki 'rahasyavAdI kavitA kA kendrabindu vaha vastu hai jise bhakti sAhitya meM 'lIlA' kahate haiN| yadyapi rahasyavAdI bhaktoM kI bhAMti pada-pada para bhagavAna kA nAma lekara bhAvavihvala nahIM ho pAtA kintu vaha mUlataH hai bhakta hii| ye bhagavAna agama agocara to haiM hI, vANI aura mana ke bhI atIta hai, phira bhI rahasyavAdI kavi unako pratidina pratikSaNa dekhatA rahatA hai - saMsAra meM jo kucha ghaTa rahA hai aura ghaTanA sambhava hai, vaha saba usa premamaya kI lIlA hai - bhagavAna ke sAtha yaha nirantara calane vAlI prema keli hI rahasyavAdI kavitA kA kendra bindu hai| ataH mIrA kI prema-bhAvanA meM lIlA' ke isa nirguNatva-nirAkAratva taka aura kadAcit usase pare bhI prasArita sarasa rUpa kA sphuTana honA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| AdhyAtmika sattA meM vizvAsa karane vAle kI dRSTi se yaha yathArtha hai, satya hai| pazcima ke vidvAnoM ke anukaraNa para ise 'misTisijma' yA rahasyavAda kahanA anucita hai| yaha kevala rahasa (AnandamayI lIlA) hai aura mIrA kI bhakti-bhAvanA meM isI 'rahasa' kA svara hai|71 sUra aura tulasI, donoM saguNopAsaka haiM para antara yaha hai ki sUra kI bhakti sakhyabhAva kI hai aura tulasI kI bhakti dAsyabhAva kI hai| isI taraha mIrA kI bhakti bhI sUra aura tulasI, donoM se pRthak haiN| mIrA ne kAntAbhAva ko apanAyA hai| ina sabhI kaviyoM kI apekSA rahasyabhAvanA kI jo vyApakatA aura anUbhuti parakatA jAyasI meM hai vaha anyatra nahIM miltii| kabIra ko nirguNa athavA saguNa ke ghere meM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| unhoMne yadyapi nirguNopAsanA adhika kI hai para

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 417 saguNopAsanA kI ora bhI unakI dRSTi gaI hai| unakA uddezya paripUrNa jyotirUpa satpuruSa ko prApta karanA rahA hai|72 sUra kI madhura bhakti ke sambandha meM DaoN. haravaMzalAla zarmA ke vicAra dRSTavya haiM - "hama bhakta sUradAsa kI antarAtmA kA antarbhAva rAdhA meM dekhate haiN| unhoMne strIbhAva ko to pradhAnatA dI hai parantu parakIyA kI apekSA svakIyA bhAva ko adhika prazraya diyA hai aura usI bhAva se kRSNa ke sAtha ghaniSThatA kA sambandha sthApita kiyA hai| kRSNa ke prati gopiyoM kA AkarSaNa aindriya hai, isalie unakI prIti ko kAmarUpA mAnA hai| sUra kI bhakti kA uddezya bhakta ko saMsAra ke aindriya pralobhanoM se bacAnA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI bhakti-bhAvanA strIbhAva se otaprota hai, jisakA pratinidhitva gopiyAM karatI haiN|" ve kRSNa meM itanI tallIna haiM ki unakI kAmarUpA prIti bhI niSkAma hai| isalie saMyoga-viyoga donoM hI avasthAoM meM gopiyoM kA prema ekarUpa hai| Atma samarpaNa aura ananya-bhAva madhurabhakti ke lie Avazyaka hai jo sUrasAgara kI dAnalIlA cIra haraNa aura rAsalIlA meM pUrNatA ko prApta hue haiN| saguNopAsanA meM rahasyAtmaka tattvoM kI abhivyakti iSTa ke sAkAra hone ke kAraNa utanI spaSTa nahIM ho paatii| kahIM kahIM rahasyAtmaka anubhUti ke darzana avazya mila jAte haiN| sUra ne prema kI vyaMjanA ke lie pratIka rUpa meM prakRti kA varNana rahasyAtmaka DhaMga se kiyA hai jo ullekhanIya hai - cali sakhi tihiM sarovara johi| jihiM sarovara kamala kamalA, ravi binA viksaahiN|| haMsa ujjavala paMkha nirmala, aMga mali mali nhaahiN| mukti-muktA anagine phala, tahA~ cuvi cuni khaahi||24

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418 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA sUra kI anyoktiyoM meM kahIM-kahIM rahasyAtmaka anUbhuti ke darzana hote haiM - cakaI rI cala carana sarovara, jahAM na milana vichoh| eka anyatra sthAna para bhI sUra ne sUrasAgara kI bhUmikA meM apane iSTadeva ke sAkAra hote hue usakA nirAkAra brahma jaisA varNana kiyA hai - avigata gati kachu kahata na aavai| jyauM gUMge mIThe phala ko rasa antaragata hI bhaavai| parama svAda savahI su nirantara amita topa upjaave|| mana vAnI ko agama agocara jo jAnai so paavai| rUpa rekha guna jAti jugati binu nirAlaMba mana dyaavai| saba vidhi agama vicArahiM tAteM sUra saguna pada paavai||375 sUra ke gopAla pUrNa brahma hai| mUla rUpa meM ve nirguNa hai para sUra ne unheM saguNa ke rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA yadyapi hai saguNa aura nirguNa, donoM kA AbhAsa ho jAtA hai| tulasI bhI sugaNopAsaka hai para sUra ke samAna unhoMne bhI nirguNa rUpa ko mahattva diyA hai| unako bhI kezava kA rUpa akathanIya lagatA kezava ! kahi na jAi kA khiye| dekhata tava racanA vicitra hari ! samujhi manahiM mana rhiye|| sUnya bhIti para citra, raMga nahi, tanu binu likhA cirniir| dhoye miTai na marai bhIti, dukha pAia ehi tanu here|| ravikara-nIra base ati dAruna makara rUpa tehi maahii| vadana-hIna so grase carAcara, pAna karana je jaahiiN||

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419 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kou kaha satya, jhUTha kaha koU, jugala prabala kou maane| tulasidAsa parihare tIta bhrama, sauM Apana pahicAnai / / " tulasI jaise saguNopAsaka bhakta bhI apane ArAdhya ko kisI nirguNopAsaka rahasyavAdI sAdhaka se kama rahasyamaya nahIM batalAte / rAmacaritamAnasa meM unhoMne likhA hai 1 " Adi aMta kou jAsu na pAvA / mati anumAni nigama jasa gAvA / binu pada calai sunai binu kAnA / kara binu karama karai vidhi nAnA / / " isa prakAra saguNopAsaka kaviyoM meM mIrA ko chor3akara prAyaH anya kaviyoM meM rahasyAtmaka tattvoM kI utanI gaharI anubhUti nahIM dikhAI detI / isakA kAraNa spaSTa hai ki dAmpatyabhAva meM prema kI jo prakarSatA dekhI jA sakatI hai vaha dAsyabhAva athavA sakhya bhAva meM sambhava khaaN| isake bAvajUda unameM kisI na kisI taraha sAdhya kI prApti meM unakI bhakti sakSama huI hai aura unhoMne parama brahma kI anirvacanIyatA kA anubhava kiyA hai| 5. sUphI aura jaina rahasyabhAvanA madhyakAlIna sUphI hindI jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sUphI kaviyoM ne bhAratIya sAhitya aura darzana se jo kucha grahaNa kiyA hai usameM jaina darzana kI bhI paryApta mAtrA rahI hai| jAyasI brahma ko sarvavyApaka, zAzvata, alakha aura arUpI mAnate haiN| jainadarzana meM bhI AtmA ko arasa, arUpI aura cetanA guNa se yukta mAnate haiN| sUphiyoM ne mUlataH AtmA ke do bheda kiye haiM- naphasa aura rUha / naphasa saMsAra meM bhaTakanevAlA AtmA hai aura rUha viveka sampanna hai| jaina darzana meM bhI AtmA ke do svarUpoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai - 377 378 379

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420 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA paramArthika aura vyaavhaarik| pAramArthika dRSTi meM AtmA zAzvata hai aura vyAvahArika dRSTi se vaha saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| sUphI darzana meM rUha ko viveka sampanna mAnA gayA hai| jainoM ne AtmA kA guNa anantajJAna-darzana rUpa mAnA hai| sUphI darzana meM rUha (uccatara) ke tIna bheda mAne gaye haiM - kalva (dila), rUha (jAna), sirai (antHkrnn)| jainoM ne bhI AtmA ke tIna bheda mAne haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / sUphiyoM ke AtmA kA sirai rUpa jainoM kA antarAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| yahIM se paramAtmA pada kI prApti kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| saMsAra kI sRSTi kA hara konA sUphI darzana ke anusAra brahma kA hI aMza hai| para jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi kI samaracanA meM paramAtmA kA koI hAtha nahIM rhtaa| jaina darzana kA AtmA hI vizuddha hokara paramAtmA banatA hai arthAt usakI AtmA meM hI paramAtmA kA vAsa rahatA hai para ajJAna ke AvaraNa ke kAraNa vaha prakaTa nahIM ho paataa| jAyasI ne bhI guru rUpI paramAtmA ko apane hRdaya meM pAyA hai| jAyasI kA brahma sAre saMsAra meM vyApta hai aura usI ke rUpa se sArA saMsAra jyotirmAna hai|82 . jainoM kA AtmA bhI sarvavyApaka hai aura usake vizuddha svarUpa meM saMsAra kA hara padArtha darpaNavat pratibhASita hotA hai| 183 jAyasI ne brahma ke sAtha advaitAvasthA pAne meM mAyA (alAuddIna), aura zaitAna (rAdhavadUta) ko bAdhaka tattva mAne haiN| vAsanAtmaka Asikta hI mAyA hai| zaitAna prema-sAdhanA kI parIkSA lene vAlA tattva hai| padmAvata meM nAgamatI ko duniyAM aMdhA, alAuddIna ko mAyA evaM rAghava cetana ko zaitAna ke rUpa meM isIlie citrita kiyA gayA hai| jAyasI ne likhA hai - maineM jaba taka AtmA svarUpI guru ko nahIM pahicAnA, taba taka karor3oM parde bIca meM the, kintu jJAnodaya ho jAne para

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 421 mAyA ke saba AvaraNa naSTa ho gaye, AtmA aura jIvagata bheda naSTa ho gyaa| jIva jaba apane AtmabhAva ko pahicAna letA hai to phira yaha anubhava ho jAtA hai ki tana, mana jIvana saba kucha vahAM eka Atmadeva hai| loga ahaMkAra ke vazIbhUta hokara dvaita bhAva meM phaMse rahate haiM, kintu jyoM hI ahaMkAra naSTa ho jAtA hai| advaita sthiti A jAtI hai| mAyA kI aparimita zakti hai| usane ratanasena jaise siddha sAdhaka ko padacyuta kara diyaa| alAuddIna rUpI mAyA sadaiva striyoM meM Asakta rahatI hai| chala-kapaTa bhI usakI anyatama vizeSatA hai| dazaveM dvAra meM sthita Atmatattva ko antarmukhI dRSTi se hI dekhA jA sakatA hai para mAyA isa Atmadarzana meM bAdhA DAlatI hai / mAyA ko isIlie Thaga, baTamAra Adi jaisI upamAyeM bhI dI gaI haiN| saMsAra mithyA-mAyA kA pratIka hai| yaha saba asAra hai| jaina darzana meM mAyA-moha athavA karma ko sAdhya prApti meM sarvAdhika bAdhaka kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| isameM Asakta vyakti aindrita sukha ko hI yathArtha sukha mAnatA hai| yahAM mAyA zaitAna jaise pRthak do tattva nahIM mAne gye| sArA saMsAra mAyA aura mithyAtva janya hI hai| mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI isa kSaNika saMsAra ko jIva apanA mAnatA hai| jAyasI ne jise antarapaTa athavA antaradarzana kahA hai, jainadharma use AtmajJAna athavA bhedavijJAna kahatA hai| jaba taka bhedavijJAna nahIM hotA taba taka mithyAtva, mAyA, karma athavA ahaMkAra Adi dUra nahIM hote| jAyasI ke samAna yahAM jIva aura AtmA do pRthak tattva nahIM hai| jIva hI AtmA hai / use mAyA rUpI ThaginI jaba Thaga letI hai to vaha saMsAra meM janma-maraNa ke cakkara lagAtI rahatI hai| vAsanA ko yahAM bhI saMsAra kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| mithyAtva ko duHkhadAyI aura AtmajJAna ko mokSa kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|

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422 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jaina yogasAdhanA ke samAna sUphI yoga sAdhanA bhI hai| aSTAMgayoga aura yama-niyama lagabhaga samAna haiN| jAyasI kA yoga prema se sambalita hai para jaina yoga meM vaha nhiiN| jAyasI ne rAjayoga mAnA hai, haThayoga nhiiN| jaina bhI haThayoga ko mukti kA sAdhana nahIM maante| sUphiyoM meM jIvanamukti aura jIvanottara mukti donoM muktiyoM kA varNana milatA hai / jIvana mukti dilAne vAlI vaha bhAvanA hai jo phanA aura bakA ko eka kara detI hai| phanA meM jIva kI sArI sAMsArika AkAMkSAyeM, moha, mithyAtva Adi naSTa ho jAte haiN| jainadharma meM isI avasthA ko vItarAga avasthA kahA gayA hai| isI ko advaitAvasthA bhI kaha sakate haiM jahAM AtmA apanI paramocca avasthA meM lIna ho jAtI hai| yahI nirvANa hai jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke paripAlana se prApta hotA hai| jAyasI ne bhI jainoM ke samAna totA rUpa sadguru ko mahattva diyA hai| yahIM padmAvatI rUpI sAdhya kA darzana karatA hai| jAyasI ne viraha ko prema se bhI adhika mahattva diyA hai| isIlie jAyasI kA viraha varNana sAhitya aura darzana ke kSetra meM eka anupama yogadAna hai| uttarakAlIna jaina bhakta sAdhaka bhI isa viraha kI jvAlA meM jale haiN| banArasIdAsa aura Anandaghana ko isa dRSTi se nahIM bhulAyA jA sktaa| jAyasI ke samAna hI hindI jaina kaviyoM ne bhI AdhyAtmika vivAha aura milana racAye haiN| jAyasI ne paramAtmA ko pati rUpa mAnA hai para vaha hai strii-pdmaavtii| yadyapi jaina sAdhakoMbhaktoM ne paramAtmA ko pati rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai para usakA rUpa strI nahIM, puruSa rahA hai| banArasIdAsa kA nAma dAmpatyamUlaka jaina sAdhakoM meM agraNIya hai|

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423 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jAyasI aura hindI jaina kaviyoM kI varNana zailI meM avazya antara hai| jAyasI ne bhAratIya lokakathA kA AdhAra lekara eka sarasa rUpaka khar3A kiyA hai aura usI ke mAdhyama se sUphI darzana ko spaSTa kiyA hai / parantu jaina sAhitya ke kaviyoM ne loka kathAoM kA Azraya bhale hI liyA ho para unameM vaha rahasyAnubhUti nahIM jo jAyasI meM dikhAI detI hai / jainoM ne apane tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke vivAha kA khUba varNana kiyA aura unake viraha meM rAjula rUpa sAdhaka kI AtmA ko tar3aphAyA bhI hai parantu milana ke mAdhyama se anirvacanIya Ananda kI prApti ke prasphuTana ko bhUla gaye, jisa jAyasI ne apane jAdU bhare kamala se use prApta karAyA hai, vahAM padmAvatI rUpI paramAtmA bhI ratnasena rUpI priyatama sAdhaka ke viraha se Akula-vyAkula huI hai| jainoM kA paramAtmA sAdhaka ke lie itanA tar3aphatA huA dikhAI nahIM detA vaha tar3aphe bhI kyoM ? vaha to becArA vItarAgI hai, rAgI AtmA bhale hI tar3apatI rahe / isa prakAra sUphI aura jaina rahasyabhAvanA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha patA calatA hai ki sUphI kavi jaina sAdhanA se bahuta kucha prabhAvita rahe haiN| unhoMne apanI sAhityika sakSamatA se isa prabhAva ko bhalIbhAMti antarbhUta kiyA hai| unakI kathAyeM jahAM eka tarapha laukika dikhAI detI hai vahAM rUpaka ke mAdhyama se vahI pAralaukika dikhatI hai jabaki jaina kavi pratibhA sampanna hote hue bhI isa zailI ko nahIM apanA ske| unakA vizeSa uddezya AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa karanA rhaa| jAyasI kA AtmA aura brahma ye donoM pRthak-pRthak tattva haiM jo antarmukhI vRttiyoM ke mAdhyama se advaita avasthA meM pahuMce haiM jaba ki jainoM kA paramAtmA AtmA kI hI vizuddhatama sthiti hai| vahAM do pRthak

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424 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA pRthak tattva nahIM isalie milana yA brahmasAkSAtkAra kI samAna tIvratA hote hue bhI dizA meM alaga-alaga rhii| 6. nirguNa rahasyabhAvanA aura jaina rahasyabhAvanA nirguNa kA tAtparya hai-pUrNavItarAga avsthaa| kabIra Adi nirguNI santoM kA brahma isI prakAra kA nirguNa aura nirAkAra mAnA jAtA hai| kabIra ne nirguNa ke sAtha hI saguNa brahma kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki kabIra kA brahma nirAkAra aura sAkAra, dvaita aura advaita tathA bhAvarUpa aura abhAvarUpa hai| jaise jainoM ke anekAnta meM do virodhI pahalU apekSAkRta dRSTi se nibha sakate haiM, vaise kabIra ke brahma meM bhI haiN| kabIra para jAne-anajAne eka aisI paramparA kA jabaradasta prabhAva par3A thA, jo apane meM pUrNa thI aura spaSTataH kabIradAsa kI satyAnveSaka buddhi ne use svIkAra kiyaa| unhoMne anubhUti ke mAdhyama se use phicaanaa| jaina paramparA meM bhI AtmA ke do rUpa milate haiM - nikala aura skl| ise hI hama kramazaH nirguNa aura saguNa kaha sakate haiN| rAmasiMha ne nirguNa ko hI niHsaMga kahA hai| use hI niraMjana bhI kahA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki paMcaparameSThiyoM meM arhanta aura siddha kramazaH saguNa aura nirguNa brahma haiM jise kabIra ne svIkAra kiyA hai| banArasIdAsa ne isI nirguNa ko zuddha, buddha, avinAzI aura ziva saMjJAoM se abhihita kiyA hai|395 kabIra kI mAyA, bhrama, mithyAjJAna, krodha, lobha, moha, vAsanA, Asakti Adi manovikAra mana ke paridhAna haiM jinhoMne triloka ko apane vaza meM kiyA hai| yaha mAyA brahma kI lIlA kI zakti hai| isI ke kAraNa munaSya digbhramita hotA hai| isalie ise

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 425 ThagaurI, ThaginI, chalanI, nAgani Adi kahA gayA hai| kabIra ne vyAvahArika dRSTi se mAyA ke tIna bheda mAne haiM - moTI mAyA, jhInI mAyA aura vidyaaruupinnii| moTI mAyA ko karma kahA gayA hai| isake antargata vana, sampadA, kanaka kAminI Adi Ate haiN| pUjA-pATha Adi bAhyADambara me ulajhanA bhI aise karma haiM jinase vyakti paramapada kI prApti nahIM kara paataa| jhInI mAyA ke antargata AzA, tRSNA, mAna Adi manovikAra Ate haiN| vidyArUpiNI mAyA ke mAdhyama se santa sAdhya taka pahuMcane kA prayatna karate haiN| yaha AtmA kA vyAvahArika svarUpa hai| jainoM kA mithyAtva athavA karma kabIra kI mAyA ke siddhAnta ke samAnArthaka hai| kabIra ke samAna jaina kaviyoM ne bhI mAyA kI ThaginI kahA hai| kabIra kI moTI mAyA jainoM kA karma hai jisake kAraNa jIva meM mohAsakti banI rahatI hai / jaisA hama dekha cuke haiM, jaina kavi bhI kabIra ke samAna bAhyADambara ke pakSa meM bilakula nahIM haiN| ve to AtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta karane ke lie vizuddha sAdhana ko hI apanAne kI bAta karate haiN| vidyArUpiNI mAyA kA sambandha muniyoM ke cAritra se jor3A jA sakatA hai| kabIra aura jainoM kI mAyA meM mUlabhUta antara yahI hai ki kabIra mAyA ko brahma kI lIlA zakti mAnate haiM para jaina use eka manovikArajanya karma kA bheda svIkAra karate haiN| mAyA athavA manovikAroM se mukta honA hI mukti ko prApta karanA hai| usake binA saMsAra-sAgara se pAra nahIM huA jA sktaa|98 isalie 'ApA para saba eka samAna, taba hama pAyA pada niravANa' kahakara kabIra ne mukti-mArga ko nirdiSTa kiyA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne ise

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426 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA hI bhedavijJAna kahA hai aura vahI mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| kabIra aura jaina, donoM saMsAra ko duHkhamaya, kSaNika aura anitya mAnate haiN| narabhava durlabhatA ko bhI donoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| donoM ne hI duvidhA bhAva ko antakara muktAvasthA prApta karane kI bAta kahI hai| kabIra kI jIvanmukta aura videha avasthA jainoM kI kevalI aura siddha avasthA kahI jA sakatI hai| svAnubhUti ko jainoM ke samAna nirguNI santoM ne bhI mahattva diyA hai| kabIra ne brahma ko hI pAramArthika sat mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki brahma svayaM jJAna rUpa hai, sarvatra vyApaka hai aura prakAzita hai -' avigata aparapAra brahma, gyAna rUpa saba tthaam| jainoM kA AtmA bhI cetana guNarUpa hai aura jJAna-darzana zakti se samanvita hai| isI jJAna zakti se mithyAjJAna kA vinAza hotA hai| kabara kI AtamadRSTi' jainoM kA bheda vijJAna athavA AtmajJAna hai| banArasIdAsa, dyAnatarAya Adi hindI jaina kaviyoM ne sahajabhAva ko bhI kabIra ke samAna apane DhaMga se liyA hai| aSTAMga yogoM kA bhI lagabhaga samAna varNana huA hai| zuSka haThayoga ko jainoM ne avazya svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| kabIra ke samAna jaina kavi bhI samarasI hue haiM aura prema ke khUba pyAle piye haiN| tabhI to unakA duvidhA bhAva jA skaa| kabIra ne likhA pANI hI teM hima bhayA, hima hai gayA bilaai| jo kucha thA soI bhayA, aba kachu kahayA na jaaii|| banArasIdAsa ne bhI aisA hI kahA hai - piya more ghaTa meM piya mAhi, jalataraMga jyauM duvidhA naahiN||02

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 427 isa samarasatA ko prApta karane ke lie kabIra ne apane ko 'rAma kI bahuriyA' mAnakara brahma kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| piyA ke premarasa meM bhI kabIra ne khUba nahAyA hai| banArasIdAsa aura Anandaghana ne bhI isI prakAra dAmpatyamUlaka prema ko apanAyA hai| kabIra ke samAna hI chIhala bhI apane priyatama ke viraha se pIr3ita hai| Anandaghana kI AtmA to kabIra se bhI adhika priyatama ke viyoga meM tar3apatI dikhAI detI hai| 03 kabIra kI cunariyA ko usake pritama ne saMvArA" aura bhagavatIdAsa ne apanI cunariyA ko iSTadeva ke raMga meM rNgaa|"kbiir aura banArasIdAsa, donoM kA prema ahetuka hai| donoM kI patniyAM apane priyatama ke viyoga meM jala ke binA machalI ke samAna tar3aphI hai| AdhyAtmika vivAha racAkara bhI viyoga kI sarjanA huI hai| brahma milana ke lie nirguNI santoM aura jaina kaviyoM ne khUba raMgareliyAM bhI khelI hai| isa prakAra nirguNiyAM santoM aura madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne thor3I bahuta asamAnatAoM ke sAtha-sAtha samAna rUpa se guru kI preraNA pAkara brahma kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| isake lie unhoMne bhakti athavA prapatti kI sArI vidhAoM kA Azraya liyA hai| jaina sAdhakoM ne apane iSTa deva kI vItarAgatA ko jAnate hue bhI zraddhAvazAt unakI sAdhanA kI hai| 7. saguNa rahasyabhAvanA aura jaina rahasyabhAvanA jaisA hama pIche dekha cuke haiM, saguNa bhaktoM ne bhI brahma ko priyatama mAnakara usakI sAdhanA kI hai| jaina bhaktoM ne bhI sakala paramAtmA kA varNana kiyA hai jo saguNa brahma kA samAnArthaka kahA jA sakatA hai| mIrA meM sUra aura tulasI kI apekSA rahasyAnubhUti adhika

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428 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA milatI hai / isakA kAraNa hai ki sUra aura tulasI kA sAdhya pratyakSa aura sAkAra rhaa| mIrA kA bhI, parantu saguNa bhaktoM meM kAntAbhAva mIrA meM hI dekhA jAtA hai isalie prema kI divAnI mIrA meM jo mAdakatA hai vaha na to sUra meM hai aura na tulasI meM aura na jaina kaviyoM meN| yaha avazya hai ki jaina kaviyoM ne apane paramAtmA kI nirguNa aura saguNa donoM rUpoM kI viraha vedanA ko sahA hai| eka yaha bAta bhI hai ki madhyakAlIna jainetara kaviyoM ke samAna hindI jaina kaviyoM ke bIca nirguNa athavA saguNa bhakti zAkhA kI sImA-rekhA nahIM khiNcii| ve donoM avasthAoM ke pujArI rahe haiM kyoMki ye donoM avasthAyeM eka hI AtmA kI mAnI gaI hai| unheM hI jaina pAribhASika zabdoM meM siddha aura arhanta kahA gayA hai| mIrA kI tanmayatA aura ekAkAratA banArasIdAsa aura Anandaghana meM acchI taraha se dekhI jAtI hai| rahasya sAdhanA ke bAdhaka tattvoM meM mAyA, moha Adi ko donoM paramparAoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| sAdhaka tattvoM meM ina bhaktoM se bhakti tattva kI pradhAnatA adhika rahI hai| bhakti ke dvArA hI unhoMne apane ArAdhya ko pratyakSa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yahI unakI mukti kA sAdhana rahA hai| sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA patha sugama banAne aura sulabha karAne ke sandarbha meM jaina evaM jainetara sabhI santoM aura bhaktoM ne guru kI mahimA kA gAna kiyA hai| mIrA ke hRdaya meM kRSNa prema kI cinagArI bacapana se hI vidyamAna thii| usako prajvalita karane kA zreya unake bhAvuka guru redAsa ko hai jo eka bhAvuka bhakta evaM santa the| mIrA ke guru raidAsa ke hone meM kucha samAlocaka sandeha vyakta karate haiN| jo bhI ho, mIrA ke kucha padoM meM jogI kA ullekha milatA hai jisane mIrA ke hRdaya meM prema kI cinagArI boii| jaina sAdhakoM ne bhI mIrA ke samAna guru (sadguru) kI mahattA ko

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 429 sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta banAne ke sandarbha meM abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| antara mAtra cinagArI prajvalita karane kI mAtrA kA hai| mIrA prema mAdhuryabhAva kA hai jisameM bhagavAna kRSNa kI upAsanA priyatama ke rUpa meM kI hai| isase adhika sundara-sundara sambandha kI kalpanA ho bhI nahIM sktii| viraha aura milana kI jo anubhUti aura abhivyakti isa mAdhuryabhAva meM khilI hai vaha sakhya aura dAsyabhAva meM kahAM ! isalie mIrA ke samAna hI jaina kaviyoM ne dAmyatyamUlaka bhAva ko hI apanAyA hai| mIrA priyatama ke premarasa meM bhIgI cunariyA ko or3hakara sAja zrRMgAra karake priyatama ko DhUr3hane jAtI hai usake viraha meM tar3apatI hai| isa sandarbha meM bArahamAse kA citraNa bhI kiyA hai sArI sRSTi milana kI utkaNThA meM sAja-sajA rahI hai parantu mIrA ko priyatama kA viyoga khala rahA hai| Akhira priyatama se milana hotA hai| vaha to usake hRdaya meM hI vasA huA hai / vaha kyoM yahAM-vahAM bhttke| yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa ho jAtA hai| usa Agama deza kA bhI mIrA ne mohaka varNana kiyA hai| jaina sAdhakoM kI AtmA bhI mIrA ke samAna apane priyatama ke viraha meM tar3apatI hai| bhUdharadAsa kI rAjula rUpa AtmA apane priyatama nemIzvara ke viraha meM mIrA ke samAna hI tar3apatI hai| isI sandarbha meM mIrA ke samAna bArahamAsoM kI bhI sarjanA huI hai| priyatama se milana hotA hai aura usa Anandopalabdhi kI vyaMjanA mIrA se kahIM adhika sarasa bana par3I hai|" sUra aura tulasI yadyapi mUlataH rahasyavAdI kavi nahIM haiM phira bhI unake kucha padoM meM rahasyabhAvanAtmaka anubhUti jhalakatI hai jinakA ullekha hama pahale kara cuke haiN| isa prakAra sUphI, nirguNa aura saguNa zAkhAoM kI rahasyabhAvanA

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jainadharma kI rahasya bhAvanA se bahuta milatI-julatI hai, jo antara bhI hai, vaha dArzanika pakSa kI pRSThabhUmi para AdhArita hai / sAdhAraNataH : mukti ke sAdhaka aura bAdhaka tattvoM ko samAna rUpa se sabhI ne svIkAra kiyA hai| saMsAra kI asAratA aura mAnava janma kI durlabhatA se bhI kisI ko inkAra nhiiN| prapattibhAvanA garbhita dAmpatya mUlaka prema ko bhI sabhI kaviyoM ne hInAdhika rUpa se apanAyA hai / parantu jaina kaviyoM kA dRSTikoNa siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha hI bhaktibhAva ko pradarzita karatA rahA hai / isalie jainetara kaviyoM kI tulanA meM unameM bhAvukatA ke darzana utane adhika nahIM ho paate| phira bhI rahasya bhAvanA ke sabhI tattva unake kAvya meM dikhAI dete haiN| tathya to yaha hai ki darzana aura adhyAtma kI rahasya-bhAvanA kA jitanA sundara samanvaya madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ke kAvya meM milatA hai utanA anyatra nhiiN| sAhitya kSetra ke lie bhI unakI yaha eka anupama dena mAnI jAnI cAhie / 8. madhyakAlIna jaina rahasyabhAvanA aura Adhunika rahasyavAda 430 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya ke antadarzana se yaha spaSTa hai ki usameM nihita rahasyabhAvanA aura Adhunika kAvya meM abhivyakta rahasyabhAvanA meM sAmya kama aura vaiSamya adhika dikhAI detA hai / 1) jaina rahasyabhAvanA zAntA bhakti pradhAna hai| usameM vItarAgatA, niHsaMgatA aura nirAkulatA ke bhAvoM para sAdhakoM kI bhagavadbhakti avalambita rahI hai / banArasI dAsa ne to navarasoM meM zAnta rasa ko hI pradhAna mAnA hai - navamo sAnta rasaniko nAyaka / ' bAta sahI bhI hai| jaba taka karmo kA upazamana nahIM hogA, rahasyabhAvanA kI caramotkarSa avasthA kaise prApta kI jA sakatI hai ? zama hI zAnta rasa kA 1412

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 431 sthAyIbhAva mAnA gayA hai| jaina granthoM kA antima maMgalAcaraNa prAyaH zAnti kI yAcanA meM hI samApta hotA hai - dezasya rASTrasya purasya rAjJaH karotu zAntiM bhgvjinendrH|13 jaina maMtra bhI zAntiparaka haiN| unameM sAtvika bhakti nihita hai, rAga-dveSAdi vikAra bhAvoM se virakta hokara carama zAnti kI yAcanA garbhita hai| isalie zAnta rasa ko banArasIdAsa ne 'Atmika rasa' kahA hai| " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI jaina mata ko zAntarasa kA mata mAnA hai|" vastutaH samUcA jaina sAhitya zAnti rasa se AplAvita hai| 16 1) Adhunika sAhitya meM abhivyakta rahasyavAda prastuta rahasyavAda se bhinna hai| usameM karmopazamanajanya zAnti kA koI sthAna nhiiN| Adhunika rahasyavAda meM prAcIna jaina rahasyavAda kI apekSA AdhyAtmikatA ke darzana bahuta kama hote haiN| dhArmika dRSTi kA lagabhaga abhAva-sA hai / usakI mukhya preraNA mAnavIya aura sAMskRtika hai| 2) madhyakAlIna hindI jaina rahasyabhAvanA ke sandarbha meM sAdhakoM kA prakRti ke prati jijJAsA kA bhAva bahuta kama hai jabaki Adhunika rahasyavAda virATa prakRti kI ramaNIyatA meM hI adhika palApusA hai| prasAda, nirAlA, panta aura mahAdevI Adi kaviyoM kA rahasyavAda prAkRtika rahasyAnubhUti ke madhura svara se ApUrita hai| rahasyamayI sattA kA AbhAsa dene meM unakI pravRtti hI sahAyaka hotI hai / lagatA hai, prAcIna jaina kavi prakRti ko brahma sAkSAtkAra meM bAdhaka tattva mAnate rahe haiN| para Adhunika kaviyoM ne prakRti ko bAdhaka na mAnakara use sAdhaka mAnA hai| 3) zabdoM kA sImita bandhana rahasyavAda kI abhivyakti meM

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432 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA samartha nhiiN| ataH usakI guhyatA ko svara dene ke lie jaina sAdhaka kaviyoM ne nirjhara, haMsa, turaMga, miTTI Adi upakaraNoM ko cunaa| Adhunika rahasyavAda meM bhI ina upakaraNoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai parantu sAtha hI usameM kucha abhAratIya pratIkoM kA bhI samAveza ho gayA hai| 4) Adhunika rahasyavAda dhArmika dRSTikoNa ke abhAva meM mAtra eka kalpanA pradhAna kAvya zailI banakara sAmane AyA hai, parantu prAcIna rahasyavAda meM usakA anubhUti pakSa kahIM adhika prabala dikhAI detA hai| 5) prAcIna rahasyasAdhanA meM dAmpatyamUlaka prema ko sAdhya kI prApti meM eka viziSTa sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| nirguNa rahasyavAdI bhI isa prema se nahIM baca ske| saguNavAdiyoM kA brahma bhI avigata aura agocara ho gyaa| parantu Adhunika kavi itane adhika sAdhaka nahIM bana ske| unakI sAdhanA sUkhe phUla kI mujhAyI paMkhur3iyoM ke samAna pratIta hotI hai| usameM sAdhanA kI sugandhi nhiiN| vaha to prema aura vAsanA kI bU se pratIkoM kI mAtra kahAnI hai| 6) prAcIna jaina rahasyavAdiyoM ke kAvya meM dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika pakSa kI sundara samanvita bhUmikA milatI hai para Adhunika rahasyavAda meM dArzanika pakSa gauNa ho gayA hai| va dAmpatyamUlaka sUtra ke sAtha rAgAtmaka sambandha ke viziSTa yoga meM brahma milana kI AturatA chipI huI hai| 7) madhyakAlIna jaina rahasyavAda meM saMsArI AtmA hI apane vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta karane ke lie tar3apatI hai aura usake viyoga meM

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rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 433 jalatI hai vahI usakA priyatama brahma hai| Adhunika rahasyavAda meM bhI isa vedanA ke darzana hote haiN| para viraha kI tIvra anubhUti prAcIna kAvya meM adhika abhivyakti huI hai| vahAM AtmasamarpaNa kI bhAvanA, cintanamanana garbhita hai| advaitavAda kI sthiti donoM meM avazya hai para usakI prApti ke mArgo meM kiMcit antara hai| eka meM AcAra kI pradhAnatA hai to dUsare kA sambandha bhAvoM se adhika hai| rAgAtmaka AkarSaNa Adhunika rahasyavAda meM kahIM adhika hai| 8) jaina rahasyabhAvanA meM sarvAtmavAda kA darzana hotA hai para vaha jaina siddhAntoM ke anurUpa hai| Adhunika rahasyavAda kA sarvAtmavAdI darzana kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra ko IzvarIya sattA meM antarbhUta karatA hai| yaha sthiti usI prakAra aMgrejI romANTika kaviyoM meM varDasvartha va bleka kI hai jo AdhyAtmika sattA para vizvAsa karatI hai aura zailI anIzvaravAdI hai| phira bhI donoM sarvAtmavAdI tattva ko sahaja svIkAra karate haiN| jainadharma AtmA ko jJAna-darzana maya mAnakara sarvAtmavAda kI kalpanA karatA hai| 9) prAcIna rahasyavAda meM sAdhaka saMsAra, zarIra Adi nazvara padArtho ko janma-maraNa kA kAraNa mAnakara use tyAjya mAnatA hai| para Adhunika rahasyavAda meM usake prati saundaryamayI dRSTikoNa hai| . 10) prAcIna rahasyabhAvanA meM vaiyaktika svara adhika hai para Adhunika rahasyavAda sArvabhaumikatA ko lie hue hai| 11) prAcIna rahasyavAdI sAdhanA sAmpradAyika AdhAra para adhika hotI rahI para Adhunika rahasyavAda meM sAmpradAyikatA kA puTa apekSAkRta bahuta kama hai|

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434 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 12) prAcIna jaina kiMvA jainetara rahasyavAdI sAdhaka bhAratIya sAdhanAprakAra se sambaddha the para Adhunika rahasyavAdI kaviyoM para hIgala varDasvartha, bleka, barnArDazA, kroce Adi kA prabhAva mAnA jAtA hai| 18 isa prakAra prAcIna aura Adhunika rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda meM sambandha avazya hai para sAdhakoM ke dRSTikoNa nizcita hI bhinna-bhinna rahe haiN| prAcIna sAdhakoM ke samAna, prasAda, nirAlA, panta, mahAdevI varmA Adi Adhunika rahasyavAdI kaviyoM para bhI darzana vizeSa kI chApa dikhAI detI hai| para ve prAcIna kaviyoM ke samAna sAmpradAyikatA ke raMga meM utane adhika raMge nhiiN| isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha thA ki donoM yugoM ke sAdhaka apane yuga kI paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita rahe haiN| isalie rahasya bhAvanA ko sahI artha meM samajhane ke lie hameM usake vikAsAtmaka svarUpa ko samajhatanA pdd'egaa| isa sandarbha meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya meM abhivyakta rahasyabhAvanA kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI aura na use sAmpradAyikatA athavA dhArmikatA ke ghere meM bAMdhakara anAvazyaka kahA jA sakatA hai| hamAre prastuta adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAyegA ki rahasyabhAvanA ke vikAsa meM AdikAlIna aura madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| AdikAla meM isa sahasyabhAvanA kI abhivyakti utanI gaharI nahIM dikhAI detI hai jitanI vaha madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ke kAvya meM samarasa huI hai / madhyakAla meM vaha carmotkarSa avasthA meM pahuMca cukI thii|

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saMdarbha anukramaNikA prathama parivarta 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, prathama saMskaraNa, saM, 2048, kAla vibhAga, pR. 3 2. hindI sAhitya kA atIta, bhAga 2, anuvacana, pRSTha 5, 3. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, bihAra rASTrabhASApariSad, paTanA, pR.11 4. hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, pra.bhA. kAzIpR. 347 "kavitA kI prAyaH bhASA saba jagaha eka sI hI thii| jaise nAnaka se lekara dakSiNa ke haridAsoM taka kI kavitA kI brajabhASA thI, vaise hI apabhraMzako bhI "purAnI hindI kahanA anucita nahIM, cAhe kavi ke deza-kAla ke anusAra usameM kucha racanA prAdezika ho|' hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyAM, pR. 36; hindI kAvyadhArA, pR. 38,50 7. hindI sAhitya kA udbhava aura vikAsa, 1953, pR.16-17 8. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pariziSTa 1, pR. 499 hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla evaM mUlyAMkana anekAnta, 34 kiraNa, 4 disa. 1981, pR.6-8 10. KroeberA.L.And clydekluckhohn: culture, P.952 11. kabIra kI vicAradhArA, pR.71-72 12. vizeSa dekhie, jaina darzana evaM saMskRti kA itihAsa - DaoN. bhAgacandra bhAskara, pR. 323-337 13. kabIra kI vicAradhArA, pR.74-84

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436 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA tRtIya parivarta 1. prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paramparA-agaracaMda nAhaTA, bhAratIya vidyA maMdira zodha pratiSThAna, bIkAnera 1962 / 2. pArzvapurANa, 8.23. pR. 65 / 3. nATaka samayasAra, saMvaradvAra, pR.10 vinayacandra kI cUnar3I, pahalA dhruvk| 5. paramahaMsa rAsa, khaMDelavAla di0 jaina mandira, udayapura meM surakSita hai| hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 109 7. banArasI vilAsa, adhyAtama phAga, 10-11, pR. 155 / hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavipR.87 9. nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA, pR. 14 10. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhidvAra, 133-134 11. hindIjaina sAhitya parizIlana, pR. 239 12. vhii| caturtha parivarta 1. sarvadhAtubhyo'sun (unnaadisuutr-cturthpaad)| 2. tatrabhavaH digAdibhyo yat (pANini sUtra, 4.3.53.54) / vivikta vijanaH channanihaH zalAkAstathA rahaH / rahasyopAMzu cAliDe rahasyam tadbhave trissu|| amarakoza 2.8.22-23 / avidhAna cintAmaNi koza, 741, guhye rahasyam...abhidhAna cintAmaNikoza, 742. sUya, 1.4.18; bhagavatI, 2.24, 37.38; 9.137; 15.56, 157; 18.40; nAyA, 1.1 16,44, 1.5.90; 1.7.6.42; 1.8 139; 1.14.70; uvAsaka, 1.13 57.59; paNhA, 602; dekhie, Agrama zabdakoza, pR. 609 / 6. Bonquet, A., C., Comparative Religion, Pelican Series 1953, P.286.

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saMdarbha anukramaNikA 437 7. The Concise Oxford Dictionary, P. 782 (sq. Mystic), Oxford, 1960 8. dekhiye, Anandela kA hindI zabda kosh| 9. Estern Religion and Western Thoughts, P. 61 10. Mysticism Bhagawad Gita, Calcutta, 1944 P. 1. Preface, 11. Mysticism: Theory and Art, P. 12. 12. Studies in Vedanta, Bombay. PP, 150-160 13. Mysticism in Maharashtra,PP.1-12. hindI kAvya meM rahasyavAda, A0 rAmacandra zukla 15. kAvya, kalA tathA tanya nibandha, jayazaMkara prasAda 16. kabIra kA rahasyavAda, pR. 6 17. rahasyavAda, pR. 25 18. mahAdevI kA vivecanAtmaka gadya, 19. kabIra kI vicAradhArA, DaoN. triguNAyata, 20. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 476 21. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 20 (prastAvanA) 22. bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR. 349 23. Mystical Phenomena, London, 1926 P.3 24. Mysticism in Religion by Dr. M.R. Inge, New York, P. 25 25. The Teachings of the Mystics, Newyork, 1960, P. 238 26. Mysticism in Religion by Dr. Dean Inge, P. 25 27. Mysticism appears in connection with the endeavour of human-mind to grasp the divine essence or the ultimate reality of things and to enjoy the blessedness of actual communion with the highest. The first is the philosophical side of mysticism. The Second is the religious side. God ceases to be an object and becomes an experience. Mysticism in Religion by Inge, P. 25. Mysticism is a religion in the most concentrated and exclusive form. It is that aptitude of mind in which all other relations are swallowed up in the relation of the soul of God." Ibid. P, 25 28

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32. 438 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 29. The Verities of Religious Experience, a study in human nature, Longmans, 1929, P. 429 30. bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR.12 para uddhRta Mysticism is seen to be a highly specialized form of that search for reality for heightened and completed life, which we have found to be a constant characteristic of human consciousness. Mysticism in Newyork, 1955, P. 93 (Practical Mysticism by Under Hill.) Practical Mysticism by Under Hill, P. 3, bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda se uddhRta, pR-13 Mysticism Dictionaries by Frank Gaynor; bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda se uddhRta, pR-13 34. Mysticism is a way of dealing with God. New Haven, 1912, P. 355; rahasyavAda-parazurAma se ughRta, pR-20 35. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi,pR. 5 36. banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, pR.6 37. vahI paramArthahinDolanA, pR.5 38. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 3-37 39. vahI, pR.111 40. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, 98 41. vahI, 101 / 42. vahI, puNya pApajagamUla paccIsI, pR.18 43. vahI, paramAtma zataka, pR. 29 44. jaina zataka, pR.91 45. adhyAtma padAvali, pR. 359 46. jJAnadarpaNa, 4,45, 128-130 Adi 47. Heart of Hindustan (bhArata kI antarAtmA) anuvAdaka-vizvambharanAtha tripAThI, 1953, pR. 65 48. AcArya parazurAma caturvedI, rahasyavAda, pRSTha.9

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439 .' saMdarbha anukramaNikA 439 49. Rgveda 10.129.1-2; bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda,pR. 24 ___ vahI, 10.90.1 51. vedAnte paramaM guhyaM purAkalpe prcoditm| nAprajJAntAya dAtavyaM nAputrAyAziSyAya vA punaH / / zvetAzvetara, 6.22 nAyamAtmA pravacanena labhyo na medhyA bahunA shruten| yauvaiSa vRSute tena lambhastasyaiSa AtmA viSaNute tanUM svaam|| kaThopa, 1.2.23, vahI, 1.2.9 54. zvetAzvataropaniSad 6.23, chAndogyopaniSad 7.1.3 55. kaThopaniSad 1.3.14 / 56. jJAtvA devaM sarvapAzApaTrAniH kSINaiH klezai janmamRtyu prahANiH / tasyAbhidhyAnAvRtIyaM dehamede vizvaizvarya kevalaM AptakAmaH / zve, pR. 1.11 / bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara, pR.83-92 nATaka samayasAra, 17 vahI, 18-19 / / adhyAtmasavaiyA, pR.1 61. banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavANI, pR.8 62. vahI, pR.210 63. banArasI vilAsa :jJAnavAnI, pR. 29 64. vahI, pR.13 65. vahI, pR. 38 66. vahI, pR.45 banArasI vilAsa : adhyAtma phAga, pR.1-18 vAda-vivAda kAhU so nahIM mAMhi, jagata the nyArA, dAdUdayAla kI vAnI, bhAga 2, pR. 29 hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 36-37 70. anubhava binA nahiM jana sake nirasandha nirantara nUra hai re / upamA usakI aba kauna kahai nahiM sundara candana sUra hai re / / santa sudhAsAgara, pR, 586 71. santa caranadAsa kI vAnI, bhAga 2, pR. 45

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440 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 72. sundara vilAsa, pR. 164 73. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 318 74. sundara vilAsa, pR. 159 75. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, pR.98 76. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 19,pR. 14 77. banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavAvanI 78. DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA : anuzIlana, pR. 77 79. dhvaneH svarUpaM sakala-satkavi kAvyopaniSadbhUtam- dhvanyAloka, 1.1 80. vaiyAkaraNa bhUSaNasAra, 106 / 81. kAvya prakAza, tRtIya ullAsa, rasaniSpatti, 82. kAvya meM rahasyavAda, DaoN. baccUlAla avasthI, grantham, kAnapura 1965. 83. jo jiNa so hauM, so jihauM, ehau bhAu Nibhantu joiyA, uNNu NatantuNamantu mokkhaho kAraNi-paramAtma prakAza / paMcama parivarta 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.55, 2. vahI, pR. 57, 3. banArasI vilAsa, teraha kAThiyA, pR. 157, vahI, prastAvika phuTakara kavitA, pR.8-16 5. vahI, pR. 12 hindI pada saMgraha, pR.77 7. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.102 8. vahI, pR.130, 133 jiyA jaga dhokhe kI TATI... vahI, pR. 211 10. brahmavilAsa, supathakupathapacIsikA, 10, pR. 181 11. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 154 /

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441 19. saMdarbha anukramaNikA 12. vahI, pR.157 13. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, 32-33, chahaDhAlA-budhajana prathamaDhAla, 14. manamodanapaMcazatI, 216, hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 239, pR. 194, pR. 252 pR. 211 15. pANDe rUpacanda, gItaparamArthI, paramArtha jakar3I saMgraha, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bmbii| hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 128 17. vahI, pR. 163, maMdira TholiyAna, jayapura kA guTakA naM. 110, pR. 120 padya 5 vaaN| jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 295 brahmavilAsa, madhubinduka caupAI; chIhala kA panthI gIta bhI dekhiye jojayapura ke dIvAna badhIcandrajI ke maMdira meM, guTakA naM. 27, veSTana naM. 973 meM surakSita hai| 20. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR.100 21. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 152, bhUdhara pada saMgraha, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya klkttaa| 22. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR.105 udaragIta, dIvAna badhIcandrajI kA maMdira, jayapura guTakA naM.27, vaiSTana naM. 973 / 23. hindI pada saMgraha pR, 158, banArasIvilAsa, prAstAvika phuTakara kavitA, 12 24. brahmavilAsa, zataaSTottarI, 46, pR. 18 25. jainazataka, 20, pR.9 26. daulatajaina pada saMgraha, pR.11 pada 17 vAM 27. brahmavilAsa, zataaSTottarI, 103 28. brahmavilAsa, paramArtha pada paMkti 1 / 29. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 17 30. adhyAtma padAvalI, pada 4, pR. 340 31. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 294

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442 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 32. sanmati tarka prakaraNa, 3-53 33. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtama battIsI, 11-13 34. banArasI vilAsa, adhyAtama battIsI 9-10 35. vahI, pR.14 36. sthAnAMga 418, samavAyAMga 5 37. banArasI vilAsa karma prakRti vidhAna Adi 38. banArasI vilAsa, mokSa paiThI, pR. 18 39. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR.99 40. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.165 41. brahmavilAsa, puNya pacIsikA, 17, pR.5, nATaka pacIsI 2 pR. 23 42. brahmavilAsa, anityapacIsikA, 16 pR. 175 43. budhajana vilAsa pada 73 44. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 241 karmana kI rekhA nyArI se vidhanA TArI naahittrai| 45. banArasI vilAsa-pR. 240 46. brahmavilAsa, paramArtha pada paMkti, 12 rUpacanda "lasuna ke pAtra ki vAsa kapUra kI kUpara ke pAtra ki lasuna ko hoi" kahakara karma prakRti ko spaSTa karate haiN| 47. paramArthI dohAzataka, jainahiteSI, bhAga 6, aMka 5-6; jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA meM eka hastalikhita prati hai| 48. karmaghaTAvali, badhIcanda mandira, jayapura, guTakAnaM.108 49. vizeSa dekhie, DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina, bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, prathama adhyAya 50. banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 5, nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 9 bhUdhara vilAsa, pada9 51. banArasI vilAsa, mokSa paiThI 9 52. vahI, karma chattIsI 53. banArasI vilAsa, karmachattIsI, 1-37 54. brahmavilAsa, anAdi battIsikA, pR. 220 55. nATaka samayasAra, pR.96 56. nATaka samayasAra, nirjarAdvAra 14, pR. 138,

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443 saMdarbha anukramaNikA 57. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmapada paMkti, 5, pR. 224 58. rAgIvirAgI ke vicAra meM baDoI bheda, jaise 'bhaTA pacakAhaMkAha ko bayAre hai|' jaina zataka, 18 hindI pada saMgraha, pR.166 60. vahI, pR. 166 61. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTotarI, 62. brahmavilAsa, mithyAtva vidhvaMsana caturdazI, 7-12 brahmavilAsa, upadezapacIsikA, 20 / 64. "khAya calyau gAMTha kI kamAI kor3I eka nAhIM / to sau mUDha dUsaro na DhUDhayo kahUM pAyo hai|| brahmavilAsa, anityapacIsikA, 11 vahI, supatha-kupatha pacIsikA, 5-22 66. vahI, moha bhramASTaka 67. vahI, rAgAdi nirNayASTaka, 2 68. hindI pada saMgraha, badhajana, pR.196 budhajanavilAsa, 29 vahI, 71 adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 360 72. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR.344 73. chahaDhAlA, daulatarAma, dvitIya DhAla; manamodaka paMcazatI, 106-8 banArasIvilAsa, bhASAsUkta muktAvalI, 6 pR. 20 75. vahI, 72, pR. 54 76. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, 32-33 brahmavilAsa, 39-44, hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 43 78. vahI, 79-81 79. banArasIvilAsa, bhASAsUktAvalI, 73-76 80. jo sujana citta vikAra kArana, manahu madirA paan| jo bharama bhaya cintA baDhAvata, asita sarpa smaan|| jo jantu jIvana harana viSa taru, tndhndvdaan| so koparAMza binAzi bhavijana, pahahu ziva sukhthaan|| vahI bhASAsUktAvalI, 45 /

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444 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 81. vahI, 51 82. chAMr3i de abhimAna jiyare chAMDi de abhimaan|| kAko tU aru kauna tere, saba hI hai mhimaan| dekha rAjA raMka koU~, thira nahIM yaha thaan||1|| brahmavilAsa, paramArthapada paMkti, 12, pR.113 83. vahI, phuTakara kavitA, 15, pR. 276 84. kuzala jananakau bAMjha, satya raviharana sA~jha thiti| kugati yuvatI uramAla, moha kuMjara nivAsa chiti|| zama vArija himarAzi, pApa santApa shaayni| ayaza khAni jAna, tajahu mAyA duHkhdaayni|| banArasIvilAsa, bhASAsUktAvalI, 53-56 mAyA chAyA eka hai, ghaTai baTTai chinmaaNhi| inakI saMgati je lagai, tinahiM kahIM sukha naahiN||16|| vahIpR. 205 / 86. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.154 87. Anandaghana bahottarI, pada 98 banarasIvilAsa, bhASA sUktAvalI, 58 89. vahI, 19, pR. 205, brahmavilAsa, puNyapacIsikA, 11 pR. 4 hindI pada saMgraha,pR. 197 91. budhajanavilAsa, 29 92. jainazataka, 76 93. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 235 94. hindI pada saMgraha, paM.rUpacandra, pR. 31 95. vahI, pR.33 svapara viveka vinAbhrama bhUlyau, maiM maiM karata rahyau, pada 41 / 96. hindIjaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi, pR. 38 97. vahI, pR. 41 tohi apanapau bhUlyaure bhAI, pada 55 98. vahI, pR.50 99. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnapaccIsI5-6 100. vahI, nAmanirNaya vidhAna, 7. pR. 172 101. vahI, adhyAtmapada paMkti, 2-4 102. brahmavilAsa, paramArtha pada paMkti, 61

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saMdarbha anukramaNikA 445 103. kahAM paradezI kau patavAro, manamAne taba calai paMtha ko, sAMja ginai na sakAro / saba kuTumba chAMDa itahI puni, tyAga calai tara pyaaro||1||vhii,pR.10| 104. vahI, paramArthapada paMkti 15, mAjhA, badhIcanda maMdira, jayapura meM surakSita prti| 105. vahI, 25 / 106. brahmavilAsa, moha bhrmaassttk| 107. vahI, puNyapApajagamalU paccIsI, 4 pR. 195 / 108. vahI, jina dharma pciisikaa| 109. brahmavilAsa, svapnabattIsI 110. vahI, phuTakara kavitA 2 111. "jIva tu Adi hI taiM bhUlyau ziva gelavA," hi. pada. saM. pR. 221 112. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 233 113. vahI,pR. 231 114. paramArtha dohAzataka, 4-11 (rUpacandra), lUNakara mandira, jayapura meM surakSita prti| 115. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 245 116. "deSo caturAI moha karama kI jagaheM, prAnI saba rASe bhrama saanikai|" manarAma vilAsa, manarAma, 63, TholiyoM kA di. jaina maMdira jayapura, veSTana naM0 395 117. yaha pada lUNakarajI pANDA maMdira, jayapura ke guTakA naM. 114,patra 172 173 para aMkita hai| 118. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhadvAra, 96-97 / 119. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 43. pR.87| 120. joga aDambara tai kiyA, kara ambara mllaa| aMga vibhUti lagAyake, lInI mRga chllaa| hai vanavAsI te tajA, gharabAra mhllaa| appApara na bichANiyAMsaba jhUThI gllaa|| vahI, mokSapaiDI, 8, pR.132| 121. zuddhi te mInapiyeM payabAlaka, rAsabha aMga vibhUti lgaaye| rAma kahe zuka dhyAna gahe vaka, bher3a tirai puni muDa mudd'aaye|| vastra vinA pazu vyoma calai khaga, vyAla tireM nita pauna ke khaaye| eto sabai jar3arIta vicakSana ! mokSa nahIM vina tattva ke paaye|| (brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, 11, pR.10)

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446 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 122. brahmavilAsa, supaMtha kupaMtha pacIsikA, 11, pR. 182 123. naradeha pAye kahA paMDita kahAye kahA, tIratha ke nhAye kahA tIra to na jaihe re| lacchi ke kamAye kahA accha ke aghAye kahA, chatra ke dharAye kahA chInatAna aihai re| keza ke muMDAye kahA bheSa ke banAye kahA, jobana ke Aye kahA jarAhU na khaihai re| bhrama ko vilAsa kahA durjana meM vAsa kahA, Atma prakAza vina pIche pachitai here / / " vahI, anitya pacIsikA, 9. pR. 174 / 124. vahI, subuddhi caubIsI, 10, pR. 159 / 125. jogI huvA kAna phaDAyA jhorI mudrA DArI hai| gorakhaka hai trasanA nahIM mArI, dhari dhari tumacI nyArI hai||2|| jatI huvA indrI nahIM jItI, paMcabhUta nahiM mAr2yA hai| jIva ajIva ke samajhA nAhIM, bheSa lei kari hAsyA hai||4|| veda padai aru bAmana kahAvai, brahma dasA nahIM pAyA hai| Atma tattva kA aratha na samajyA, pothI kAjanama gumAyA hai||5|| jaMgala jAvai bhasma car3hAvai, jaTAva dhArI kesA hai| parabhava kI AsA hI mArI, phira jaisA kA taisA hai||6|| rUpacanda, sphuTapad 2-6, apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 184, abhaya jaina granthAlaya vIkAnera kI hastalikhita prti| 126. upadezadohA zataka, 5-18 dIvAna badhIcanda maMdira jayapura, guTakA naM. 17, veSTana naM 636 / 127. jasarAja bAvanI, 56, jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 2,pR.116| 128. siddhAnta ziromaNi, 57-58, hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 168 129. hindI pada saMgraha,pR. 145 / 130. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 332 / 131. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 342 / 132. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 49 / 133. banArasIvilAsa, pR. 152, 53 / 134. re. mana ! kara sadA santoSa, jAteM miTata saba duHkha doss| banArasIvilAsa, pR. 228 / 135. vahI, adhyAtama paMkti, 13, pR. 231 / 136. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.82| 137. vahI, pR.95|

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146. 147. 148. 138. hindI, pada saMgraha 65 / 139. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, 47 / 140. vahI, 81 / 141. vahI, cetana karma caritra, 234 - 246 / 142 . vahI, paramArtha pada paMkti, zikSA chaMda, pR. 108 / 143. vahI, paMcendriya saMvAda, 112-124 / 144. vahI, manavattIsI, bhAvana hI tai bandha hai, bhAvana hI tai mukti / / jau jAnai gati bhava kI, so jAne yaha yukti / / 26 / / vahI, phuTakara kavitA, 9 / 145. jainazataka, 67, pR. 26 / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. saMdarbha anukramaNikA 12. adhyAtma padAvalI, pada 1, pR. 339 / apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 177 / bahmavilAsa, pR. 262 / SaSTha parivarta banArasIvilAsa, paMcapadavidhAna / hindI pada saMgraha, rUpacanda, pR. 48 hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, banArasIvilAsa, pR. 24 / pR. 117 447 hindI pada saMgraha, rUpacanda, pR. 48 / banArasIvilAsa, bhASA muktAvalI, pR. 20, pR. 27 / vahI, jJAnapaccIsI, 13, pR. 148 / vahI, zivaccIsI, 6, pR. 150 / vahI, zAradASTaka, 3, pR. 166 / nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 3 / tyauM varaSai varaSa samai, megha akhaMDita dhAra / tyauM sadguru vAnI khirai, jagata jIva hitakAra / / vahI, satyasAdhaka dvAra, 6, pR. 338 / nATaka samayasAra, 16 pR. 38 /

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448 13. 14. 17. 19. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA jinarAjasUrI gIta, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, 2, 7, pR. 174-176 / terahapaMthI maMdira jayapura, pada saMgraha, 946, patra 63-64 / / tA jogI cita lAvoM more baalaa|| saMjama DorI zIla laMgoTI ghulaghula, gATha lagAle more baalaa| gyAna gudaDiyA gala vica DAle, Asana dRr3ha jmaave||1|| kSamA kI sauti galai lagAvai, karuNA nAda bajAve more baalaa| jJAna guphA meM dIpakajo ke cetana alakha jagAvai more baalaa|| hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 99 / gIta paramArthI, paramArtha jakar3I saMgraha, jaina grantha ratnAkAra kAryAlaya, bmbii| guru pUjA 6, vRhajjinavANI saMgraha, madAnagaMja, kizanagar3ha, sitambara, 1955, pR. 201 / jJAnacintAmaNi, 35, bIkAnera kI hastalikhita prti| suguru sISa, dIvAna badhIcanda maMdira, jayapura, guTakA naM, 161 / guru bina bheda na pAiya, ko paru ko nija vstu| guru bina bhavasAgara viSai, parata gahai ko hst||apbhrNsh aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 97 / manakarahArAsa, AmerazAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura kI hastalikhita prati AnadaMghana bahottarI, 97 / madhuvinduka kI caupAI; 58, brahmavilAsa, pR. 130 / brahmavilAsa, pR. 270 / gIta paramArthI, hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 171 / guru samAna dAtA nahiM koii| bhAnu prakAza na nAsata jAko, so aMdhiyArA DAre khoii||1|| megha samAna sabana paibarasai, kachu icchA jAke nahiM hoii| naraka pazugati AgamAhitai suraga mukata sukha thApai soii||2|| tIna loka maMdira meM jAnau, dIpakasama parakAzaka loii| dIpataleM aMdhiyArA bharayau hai antara bahira vimala hai joii||3|| tArana tarana jihAja suguru hai, saba kuTumba Dovai jgtoii| dyAnata nizidina niramala mana meM, rAkho guru pada-paMkaja doii||4|| dyAnata pada saMgraha, pR.10| hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 126-127, 133 / bhUdhara vilAsa, pR.4| 27. 28.

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449 29. 31. 37. saMdarbha anukramaNikA jainazataka, 14-15, pR. 6-7 / siddhAnta caupAI, lAvaNya samaya, 1-2 sArasikhAmanarAsa, saMvega sundara upAdhyAya, bar3A mandira, jayapura kI hastalikhita prati nayatyAtmAtmeva janma nirvANameva c| gururAtmAtmana stara smAnnAnyo sti paramArthataH / / 75 / / samAdhi tantra, 75 therIgAthA, 4,459 Adi, narabhavaratana janata bahutani taiM, karama-karama kari pAyo re| viSaya vikAra kAcamaNi badale, sa ahalai jAna gavAyo re|| hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 34 / banArasIvilAsa, bhASA sUktamuktAvalI, 5 pR.19 / vahI, bhASA sUkta muktAvalI, pR. 19 hindI pada saMgraha, pR.116 bramhavilAsa, zataSTottarI, 21,22,44 vahI, 42, 43 vahI, zataaSTottarI, 83-85, paramArthapada paMkti, 5 / jaina zataka, bhUdharadAsa, 21 hindI pada saMha, vakhtarAmasAha, pR.166 / chahaDhAlA, prathama DhAla, 1-6 hindI pada saMgraha, pR.181-192 / sambodhapaMcAsika, 3 digambara jaina mandira baDota kI hastalikhita prati / prastuta viSaya para rahasya bhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva' nAmaka adhyAya meM vistAra se madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ke vicAra prastuta kiye jA cuke haiN| cetana tU tihUkAla akelA, nadI nAva saMjoga milai jyoM, tyoM kuTumba kA melaa| cetn||1|| yaha saMsAra asAra rUpa saba, jyoM paTamekhana khelaa| sukha saMpatti zarIra jalabuda buda, vinazata nAhIM belaa|| kahata 'banArasi' mithyAmata taja, hoya suguru kA celaa| tAsa vacana paratI na Ana jiya, hoi sahaja surjhelaa| cetn||3|| banArasI vilAsa, adhyAtamapada paMkti, 2 / 40. 42. 43. 44.

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450 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 48. banArasI vilAsa, adhyAtama pada paMkti, 9-20 / 49. vahI, adhyAtama pada paMkti, 8 / 50. vahI, adhyAtama pada paMkti, 12 / 51. banArasI vilAsa, adhyAtama pada paMkti, 18, pR. 234-35 / 52. 53. 54. 55. dU bhAI dekhi hiye kI AMkheM, z2e kara apanI sukha sampatti bhrama kI sampatti nAkhe~, bhoMdU bhaaii| vahIM, 19 pR. 235 / vahI, aSTapadI malahAra, pR. 240 / brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, 50-54pR. 19-20 / bhaiyA, bharama na bhUliye pudgala ke srsNg| apano kAja saMvAriye, Atma jJAna ke aMga / / Atma jJAna ke aMga Apa darzana kara lIje / kIje thiratA bhAva' zuddha anubhau rasa pIje / dIje cauvidhi dAna, aho ziva kheta basaiyA / tuma tribhuvana ke rAya, bharama jina bhUlahu bhaiyA / / 7 / / vahI, 71, pR. 24 / 56. adhyAtama padAvalI pR. 340 / 57. apanI sudhi bhUla Apa-Apa dukha upAyo / jyo zakra nabha cAla visari, nalinI lttkaayau|| daulatarAma, adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 340 / 58. 59. 60. adhyAtmapadAvalI, 12, pR. 342 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 115 / sohaM - sohaM hota nita, sAMsA usAsa maMjhAra / tAkau aratha vicArie, tIna loka meM sAra / jaiso taisA Apa, thApa nihapai taji sohaM / ajapA Apa saMbhAra, sAra sukha sohaM-sohaM / / dharmavilAsa, pR. 65 / 61. bhajata chattIsI, 37, rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2, pariziSTa 1, pR. 142 - 3; mizrabandhu - vinoda, prathama bhAga, pR. 364, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 151 / 62. sahaja sukha bina, viSaya sukha rasa, bhogavata na aghAta / rUpacanda cita ceta osani, pyAsa tauM na bujhAta / / hindI pada saMgraha, pada 37 / 63. vahI, pada, 38 / 64. budhajana vilAsa, pada 85 / 65. hindI pada saMgraha, pada 352 /

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saMdarbha anukramaNikA 66. brahmavilAsa, puNyapacIsikA, 13,23 / 67. vahI, 14-15, pR. 11 / 68. 69. 70. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 36-37; nAmamAlA bhI dekhiye / jaina zodha aura samIkSA, pR. 72 / 451 tattvasAra dUhA-bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, 91; hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 78 / 71. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 9 / 72. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 20 / 73. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 4 / 74. vahI, 16-30 / 75. vahI, dhyAnavattIsI, 1 / 76. cetana pudgala sauM mileM, jyoM tila meM khali tela / pragaTa eka se dekhiye, yaha anAdi ko khela / / 4 / / jyoM suvAsa phala phUla meM, dahI dUdha meM ghIva / pAvaka kATha pASANa meM, tyAM zarIra meM jIva / / 7 / / vahI. adhyAtmabattIsI 4-7, pR. 143 / rAjasthAnI jaina santa, vyaktittva evaM kRtittva, pR. 174 / 77. 78. banArasIvilAsa, zivapaccIsI, 1-24 / 79. nATaka samayasAra, 4, pR. 5 jIvadvAra 2; brahmavilAsa - bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, sijjhAya pu. 125, siddha caturdazI, 141 / 80. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 351 / 81. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmapada paMkti, 16, pR. 233 / 82. banArasIvilAsa avasthASTaka, pR. 185; chahaDhAlA- daulatarAma 3-4-6; adhyAtma paMcAsikA dohA-dyAnatarAya, hastalikhita granthoM kA pandrahavAM traivArSika vivaraNa (khoja vivaraNa) san 1932-34, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vaaraannsii| 83. apabhraMza aura hindI meM rahasyavAda, pR. 108; bahmavilAsa (bhaiyA bhavagatIdAsa), paramAtmachattIsI, 2-5 pR. 227; dharmavilAsa - dyAnatarAya, adhyAtma paMcAsikA, pR. 192 / 84. 'nirguNa rUpa niraMjana devA, saguNa svarUpa kareM vidhisevA' / / banArasIvilAsa, zivapaccIsI, 7, pR. 150 /

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452 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 85. paramAtmaprakAza, 1-25, pR. 32 / 86. nirAkAra cetanA kahave darasana guna sAkAra cetanA suddhajJAna guna sAra hai| nATaka samayasAra, mokSadvAra, 10 / banArasIdAsa, nAmamAlA, Iza ke nAma, brahmavilAsa, siddhacaturdazI, 1-3 / 88. dyAnatapada saMgraha 58, banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmaphAgu, pR. 154 / adhyAtmavAvanI, gurjara kavio, prathama bhAga, pR. 466-67 / pAMDeM rUpacanda, paramArthI dohAzataka, jaita hitaiSI, bhAga 6, aMka 5-6 / 91. manarAmavilAsa, 15 TholiyoM ke di. jaina maMdira, vaiSTana naM. 395 meM saMkalita hastalikhita prati, manamodana paMcazatI, 42 pR.20| ekahi brahma asaMkhya prdesh| guNa anaMta cetanatA bhess|| zakti anaMta lasai jisa maahiN| jAsama aura dUsaro naahiN||2|| para kA parasa raMca nahiM jhaaN| zuddha sarUpa kahAvai thaaN|| avinAzI avicala avikaar| so paramAtama hai nirdhaar||6|| -brahmavilAsa, paramAtmA kIjayamAla; pR.104| 93. brahmavilAsa, mithyAtva vidhvaMsa na caturdazI, jayamAla, pR.104| 94. vahI, siddha catudarzI, 1-4 pR. 134; subuddhi caubIsI 7-9 pR. 159, phuTakara kavitA; pR. 273 / 95. vahI, brahmAbrahma nirNaya catudarzI, pR. 171, phuTakara kavitA, 1, pR. 272-73 / 96. vahI, jinadharmapacIsikA, 13 pR. 214 / 97. vahI, paramAtmA chattIsI, 9 pR. 228 / 98. vahI, IzvaranirNayapacIsI, 1 pR. 252; paramAtmazataka, pR. 278-291 / 99. hindI pada saMgraha, bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti, pR.3| 100. jyoM koThI meM dhAna thI, camI mAMhi knkbiic| camI dheya kama rAkhiye, koThI dhoe kiic||11|| koThI sama nokarma mala, dravya karma jyoM dhaan| bhAvakarmamala jyoM, camI, kana samAna bhgvaan||12|| banArasI vilAsa, adhyAtama battIsI 11-12, pR.144| 101. vahI, adhyAtama battIsI, 13-32 / 102. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 13 / 103. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra 35 pR.52|

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saMdarbha anukramaNikA 453 104. deha aura jIva ke sambandha kI ajJAnatA hI mithyAtva hai dIghanikAya ke brahmajAla sutta meM isa prakAra kI 62 mithyAdRSTiyoM kA ullekha hai - 18 Adi sambandhI aura 44 anta sambandhI / inameM zAzvatavAda, amaravikSepavAda, ucchedavAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda, saMjJIvAda, asaMjJIvAda jaise vAda adhika prasiddha the| sUtrakRtAMga meM saptatattva yA nava padArthoM ke AdhAra para yahI saMkhyA 363 batAyI gaI hai / kriyAvAda 180, akriyAvAda 84, ajJAnavAda 67 aura venayikavAda 32 / jaina bauddha sAhitya meM yaha paramparA lagabhaga samAna hai| vizeSa dekhie, DaoN. bhAgacandra bhAskara kI pustaka bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa prathama adhyAya / 105. lAla vastra pahiresoM deha to na lAla hoya, lAla deha bhaye haMsa lAla tau na maaniye| vastra ke purAne bhaye deha na purAnI hoya, deha ke purAne jIva jIrana na jAniye / / vasana ke nAza bhage deha ko na nAza hoya, deha ke na nAza haMsa nAza na bchaaniye| deha darva pudgala kI cidAnanda jJAnamayI, doU bhinna-bhinna rUpa 'bhaiyA' ura aaniye||10|| (brahmavilAsa, Azcarya caturdazI, 10, pR. 191) / 106. 107. nATaka samayasAra, ajIvadvAra, 7, 9 pR. 58-60 / mokkha pAhur3a, 61 / 108. bhAva pAhur3a, 2 / 109. pAhur3a, dohA 135, paramAtma prakAza, 2.70 / / 110. banArasI vilAsa, mokSapair3I, 8pR. 132 / 111. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI 11, pR. 10 / 112. upadeza dohAzataka, 5-18 / 113. madanamohana paMcazatI, chatrapati, 99, pR. 48 / 114. vahI, 103-105 / 115. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 341 / 116. ziva cAhai to dvividha dharma taiM, kara nija paranati nyArI re / daulata jina jina bhAva pichANyau, tina bhavavipati vidArI re|| vahI, pR. 332 / 117. banArasI vilAsa, karma chattIsI, 37, pR. 139 / 118. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 23 /

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454 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 119. hindI pada saMgraha, da. 36 / 120. vahI, pR.36-37| 121. vahI, banArasIdAsa, pR. 59 / 122. jaiMse koU jana gayoM dhobIkai sadana tina, pahirayau parAyau vastra merI mAni rahyau hai| dhani dekhi kahyau bhaiyaca yaha to hamArau vastra, taiseM hI anAdi pudgalasauM saMjogI jIva, saMga ke mamatva sauM vibhAva tAmaiM brahmau hai| bhajadajJAna bhayau jaba Apau para jAnyau taba, nyArau parabhAvasauM svabhAva nija gahyau ke| nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 2 / 123. nATaka samayasAra, ajIvadvAra, 14. pR. 64 / 124. vahI, saMvaradvAra, 3 pR. 183 / 125. vahI, saMvaradvAra, 6, pR. 125 / 126. vahI, nirjarAdvAra, 9, pR.135| 127. vahI, pR. 210 / 128. banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, pR.72-90| 129. vahI, navadurgA vidhAna, pR.7, pR. 169-70 / 130. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, 34 / 131. vahI, paramArthapada paMkti, 14 pR. 114 / 132. vahI, zataaSTottarI, 64 / 133. vahI, guNamaMjarI, 2-6, pR.126| 134. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.| 135. adhyAtma padAvalI, 47, pR.358| 136. manamodanapatra, 76, pR.36| 137. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH tattvArtha sUtra 1,1 / 138. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 7, pR.7| 139. vahI, kartAkarma dvAra, 28, pR.87|| 140. vahI, nirjarAdvAra, 8, 9, 19 saMvara dvaar5| 141. vahI, nirjarAdvAra, 38, 60 / 142. daulatarAma, 3.11-15 / .

Page #471
150. saMdarbha anukramaNikA 455 143. jainazodha aura samIkSA, pR. 132, nATaka samayasAra, nirjarAdvAra, 34 / 144. brahmavilAsa, puNyapacIsikA, 8-10 pR. 3-4 / 145. viraccha ke jara vara mahala ke nIMva jaise, dharama kI Adi taiMse samyakadaraza hai| yA vina prazamabhAva zrutAna vRta tapa, vivahAra hota hai na Atama parasa hai|| jaise vina bIja akha sAdhana na anna heta, rahata hameza parajJeya ko tarasa hai||27|| manamodana, 27, pR.13| 146. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.147| 147. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizaddhi dvAra, 82-85 / 148. dehA paramArtha, 58-62, badhIcanda maMdira, jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surkssit| 149. hindI pada saMgraha, dyAnatarAya, pR.109-141| hindI pada saMgraha, dyAnatarAya, pR.109-141 / 151. jabaloM rAgadveSa nahiM jItaya tabaloM, mukati na pAvai koi| jabaloM krodhamAna manadhArata, tabaloM sugati kaho te hoi|| jabaloM mAyA lobha base ura, tabalo sukha supanai nahiM joi| earijIta bhayo jo nirmala, ziva saMprati vilasata hai soi||45|| brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, 45, pR.18| 152. nijanidhi pahicAnI taba bhayo brahmajJAnI, zivaloka kI nizAnI Apa meM ghrii-ghrii|| vahI, subuddha caubIsI; 12 pR.16| 153. pada saMgraha, di. jaina maMdira vaDauta, 49, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 263 / vahI, pannA 49, di. jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 263 / saptama parivarta banArasI vilAsa, jinshsrnaam| bhagavadgItA, 27.4 / zravaNaM kIrtanaM viSNoH smaraNaM paadsevnm| arcanaM vandanaM dAsyaM skhymaatmnivednm|| zravana kIratana citavana sevana bandana dhyaan| laghutA samatA ekatA nodhA bhakti prmaan|| nATaka samayasAra, mokSadvAra, 8, pR. 217 / AnukUlyasya saMkalpaH prAtikUlyasya vrjnm| rakSiSyatIti vizvAso goptRtvavaraNaM tthaa| Atma nikSepakArpaNye SaDvidhA shrnnaagtiH||" 154. air in x i

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456 6. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA isake vistRta vivecanA ke lie dekhiye- DaoN. premasAgara jaina ke zodha prabandha kA prathama bhAga, jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi / nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikakA, pR. 11-12 / manarAma vilAsa, 90, TholiyoM kA di. jaina mandira, jayapura, veSTana naM. 305 / dyAnata pada saMgraha, 9, pR. 4, kalakattA / 7. 8. 9. 10. vahI, 45 / 11. sImandhara svAmI stavana, 19 / 13. 12. ajita zAMti stavana, jaina stotra saMdoha, ahamadAbAda, san 1932 / dhanapAlarAsa, maMgalAcaraNa, Amera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati / 14. mithyA dukar3a, 1 (aMtima) Amera zAstra bhaMDAra jayapura kI hastalikhita prati / 15. AdIzvara phAgu, 145, Amera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura kI hastalikhita prati / 16. anastamitavrata saMdhi - haricanda, di. jaina bar3A maMdira jayapura kI hastalikhita prati, guTakA naM. 171 / 17. nirvikAra nizcala nikala nirmala jyoti / gyAnagamya gyAyaka kahAM lauM tAhiM brnauN| nihacai sarUpa manarAma jina jAnau aisau, nAkau aura kArija rahayau na kach krnau|| manarAma vilAsa, TholiyoM ke di. jaina maMdira jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati, veSTana naM. 395 / 18. vRhajjinavANI saMgraha, kalakattA se prakAzita / 19. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 26 / 20. vahI, pR. 206 / 21. sImandhara svAmI stavana- vinayaprabha upAdhyAya 22. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 17 / 23. jaina paMcAyatI meM dillI meM surakSita hasta. li. pra . / 24. pradyumna caritra, 1, Amera zAstra bhaMDAra jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati / 25. brahmavilAsa, kupaMtha pacIsikA, 3, pR. 180 / 26. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 125-26 /

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457 saMdarbha anukramaNikA 27. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR.16-17| 28. jasavilAsa-yazovijaya upAdhyAya, sajjhAya pada ane stavana saMgraha meM mudrit| 29. kariye prabhu dhyAna, pApa kaTai bhavabhava ke yA mai vahota bhalAse ho|| hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 178 / 30. arahaMta sumari mana baavre|| khyAti lAbha pUjA taji bhaaii| aMtara prabhu lauM jAva re|| vahI, pR.139| 31. vahI, pR. 138 isake atirikta 'sumirana prabhujI kI kara le prAnI, pR. 164, are mana sumari deva jinarAya, pR. 187 bhI dRSTavya hai| 32. sImandhara svAmI stavana, 14-15 / 33. caturvizati jinastuti, jaina gurjara kavio, tRtIya bhAga, pR. 1479, dekhiye cetana pudgala DhamAla, 29, di. jaina maMdira nAgadA bUMdI meM surakSita hastalikhita prti| 34. hindI pada saMgraha, bhUmikA, pR. 16-17 / 35. hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 132 / 36. terI hI zaraNa jina jAre na basAya yAko sumaTA sau pUje tohi-mohi aisau bhacayau hai| brahmavilAsa, jaina zodha aura samIkSA, pR.55| 37. AnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maMDala baMbaI, saM. 1971, pada 95, pR.413| 38. brahmavilAsa, phuTakara kavitA, pR.91| 39. prabhu bina kauna hamArI shaaii| ........... jaina padAvalI, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA 15vAM traivArSika vivaraNa, saMkhyA 95; hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 256 / caubIsa stuti pATha, di. jaina paMcAyatI maMdira bar3auta, saMbhavanAthajI kI vinatI, guTakA naM. 47, hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 335 / 41. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, pada 18, pR. 11, isI taraha kA eka anya pada naM. 34 bhI dekhiye, hindI pada saMgraha-dyAnatarAya, pR. 140 / 42. budhajana vilAsa, pR. 28-29 43. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 19 /

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458 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 44. vairAgyavinatI, jaina gurjara kavio, prathama bhAga, pR.71-78| 45. pArzvajinastavana, khairAbAda sthita guTake meM nibaddha hastalikhita prti| 46. gor3I pArzvanAtha stavanam, jaina gurjara kavio, pahalA bhAga, pR. 216 / 47. sItAcarita, kA. nA. pra. pratrikA kA bArahavAM traivArSika vivaraNa, aipenDiksa 2, pR. 1261, bArAbaMkI ke jaina mandira se upalabdha prti| 48. nATaka samayasAra, maMgalAcaraNa, pR.2| 49. daulata jainapada saMgraha, kalakattA, pada 31, pR.19| terahapanthI mandira, jayapura pada saMgraha 946, patra 90, hindI jaina bhakta kavi aura kAvya pR.214| 51. hindI pada saMgraha 206 / 52. vahI, pR. 15, rUpacanda bhI laghumaMgala meM adbhUta hai prabhu mahimA terI, varI na jAya alipa mati merI' kahakara laghutA vyakta karate haiN| 53. banArasIvilAsa, kalyANa mandira stotra, bhASAnuvAda, padya 4 aura 6 pR. 124 / 54. vahI, pR.100| 55. vahI, pR. 163 / 56. budhajanavilAsa, pada 52, pR.29 / 57. hindI pada saMgraha, navalarAma, pR. 182 / 58. karmaghaTAvali, kanaka kIrti, badhIcanda di. jaina mandira, jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati, guTakA nN.108| 59. sImAndhara svAmI stavana, 9 jaina stotra saMdoha, prathama bhAga, ahamadAbAda 1932, pR. 340-345 / 60. Ahe mukha jisu punima canda nariMdanamita pada piitth| tribhuvana bhavana maMjhAri sarIkhauM koI na diitth| Ahe kara surataru varaM zAkha samAna sajAnu prmaann| teha sarIkhau lahakar3I bhUpa sarUpahiM jaaNnni|| AdIzvara phAgu, 144, 146, AmerazAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati, kramasaMkhyA, 95 / 61. rUpacanda zataka (paramArthI dohAzataka, jaina hiteSI, bhAga 6, aMka 5-6 / 62. jAke dehu-dyuti sauMdaso dizA pavitra bhaI-nA.sa.jIvadvAra, 25 /

Page #475
459 64. hindI saMdarbha anukramaNikA 63. adbhuta rUpa anUpama mahimA tIna loka meM chaajai| jAkI chavi dekhata indrAdika candra sUrya gaNa laajai|| ari anurAga vilokata jAkoM azubha karama taji bhaajai| ___ jo jagarAma banai sumarana to anahada bAjA baajai|| di. jaina mandira, bar3auta meM surakSita pada saMgraha, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 257 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR.184| 65. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 43 vAM pada, pR. 25 / 66. budhajana vilAsa, 57 vAM pada, pR.30| 67. sImandhara svAmI stavana, vinayaprabha upAdhyAya, pR. 120-24 / 68. caturvizatI jinastuti, jaina gurjara kavio, tRtIya bhAga, pR. 1479 / 69. garbha vicAra stotra, 27 vAM pdy| 70. vimalanAtha, jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 94 / 71. pArzvajinastavana-guNasAgara, jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 95 / 72. gaur3I pArzvanAtha stavana-kuzalalAbha, jaina gurjara kavio, prathama bhAga, pR. 216 antima klsh| 73. kuarapAla kA pd| kavi kI aneka racanAyeM saM. 1684-1685 meM likhe eka guTake meM nibaddha haiM jo kI zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ko upalabdha huA thaa| 74. bhUpAla stotra chappaya, dUMNI, jayapura kA jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, tR.389| 75. nATaka samayasAra, caturdazaguNasthAnAdhikAra, pR. 365 / 76. daulatajaina pada saMgraha, 43,111, 112veM pdy| budhajana vilAsa, 117, pR. 60 / 78. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.14 aura 20 / 79. vahI, pR. 40 / 80. vahI, pR.109| 81. vahI, pR. 181-82 / 82. prabhu mere tumakU aisI na caahie| sadhana vidhana gherata sevaka ku, mauna dharI kiUM rhiye||1|| vidhana harana sukhakarana sabanikuMcita cintAmani khiye| asaraNa zaraNa abaMdhubaMdhu kRpAsindhu ko virada nibhiye| hindI pada saMgraha, bha. kumudacandra, pR. 14, lUNakaraNajI pANDayA mandira, jayapura ke guTaka naM. 114 meM surakSita pd| 77.

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85. hindI 460 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 83. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 114-15 84. dharmavilAsa, 54vAM pdy| hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 216-7 khuzAlacanda kAlA bhI isI prakAra ulAhanA dete hue bhakti vyakta karate haiM - 'tuma prabhu adhama aneka udhArai DhIla kahA hama vAro jii|' pAhur3adohA,168 87. yogasAra, pR. 384 88. pAhur3adohA, 384 89. banArasIvilAsa, praznottara mAlA, 12, pR.183 90. manarAmavilAsa, 72-73 TholiyoM kA di. jaina maMdira, jayapura, vaiSTana nN.395| 91. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 65, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, klkttaa| 92. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmapadapaMkti, 21, pR. 236 / 93. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.114| ANaMdA, AmerazAstrabhaMDAra jayapura kI hastalikhita prati / 95. hi.jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 202, jlvilaas| 96. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 19 / 97. nATaka-samayasAra, kartAkarma kriyA dvAra, 27, pR. 86 / aisI nayakakSa tAkau pakSa taji gyAnI jIva' / samarasI bhae ekatA soM nahi Tale haiN| mahAmoha nAsi suddha-anubhI abhyAsi nija, bala paragati sukharAsi mAMhiTale haiN|| 98. sAdhya-sAdhaka dvAra, 10, pR. 340 / 99. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.147| 100. AnaMdaghana bahottarI, pR. 358 / 101. dyAnata vilAsa, klkttaa| 102. ANaMdA, AnaMdatilaka, jayapura Amera zAstra bhaMDAra kI hastalikhita prati 2 / 103. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 73, pR. 40 / 104. bheSadhAra rahe bhaiyA, bhesa hI meM bhgvaan| bheSa meM na bhagavAna, bhagavAna to bhAva meN|| (banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 43, pR.87)| 105. apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 244 /

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461 saMdarbha anukramaNikA 106. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 34, pR.84 / 107. nATaka samayasAra, nirjarA dvAra, pR. 141 / 108. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhidvAra, 82, pR, 285 / / 109. 1. jApa-jo ki bAhya kriyA hotI haiM 2. ajapAjApa-jisake anusAra sAdhaka bAharI jIvana kA parityAga kara AbhyAMtarita jIvana meM praveza karatA hai, 3. anahada jisake dvArA sAdhaka apanI AtmA ke gUr3hatama aMza meM praveza karatA hai, jahAM para apane Apa kI pahacAna ke sahAre vaha sabhI sthitiyoM ko pAra kara aMta meM kAraNAtIta ho jAtA hai| 110. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 119 / 111. vahI, pR. 118, Ao sahajavasanta kheleM sava horI horaa|| anahada zbada hota ghrghoraa|| (vahI, pR. 119-20) / 112. dharmavilAsa, pR, 65, sohaM nija japai, pUjA aagmsaar| satsaMga meM baiThanA, yahI karai byauhaar|| (adhyAtmapaMcAsikA dohA, 49) / 113. AsA mAri Asana ghari ghaTa meM, ajapA jApa jgaavai| AnaMdaghana cetanamayamUrati, nAhi niraMjana paavai|| (AnaMdavana bahottarI, pR. 359 / 114. AnaMdaghana bahottarI pR, 395; apabhraMza aura hindI jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 255 / 115. vahI, pR. 365 / 116. kabIra kI vicAradhArA-DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, pR, 226-228 / 117. kabIra sAhitya kA adhyayana, pR. 372 / 118. saha erI ! dina Aja suhAyA mujha bhayA AyA nahIM dhre| sahI erI ! mana udadhi anaMdA sukha-kandA candA dhre| canda jivAM merA ballabha sohe, naina cakorahiM sukkha kre| jaga jyoti suhAIkIrati chAI, bahudukha timira vitAna hre| sahu kAla vinAnI amRtavAnI, aka mRga kA lAMchana khiye| zrI zAMti jineza narottama ko prabhu, Aja Aja milA merI shiye| banArasIvilAsa, zrI zAMtijina stuti, padya 1, pR. 189 /

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462 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 119. merA mana kA pyarA jo milai| merA sahaja sanehI jo milai||1|| upajyo kaMta milana ko caav| samatA sakhI soM kahai isa bhaav||3|| maiM virahina piya ke aadhiin| yoM talaphoM jyoM jalabina miin||3|| bAhira dekhU to piya duur| baTa dekhe ghaTa meM bhrpuur||4|| hohu~ magana meM darazana paay| jyoM dariyA meM bUMda smaay||9|| piya ko miloM apanapo khoy| olA galapANI jyoM hoy||10|| banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtama gIta, 1-10, pR.159-160 / 120. vahI, adhyAtama gIta, 18-29, pR.161-162| 121. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtama pada paMkti, 10, pR. 228-29 / 122. banArasIvilAsa, pR. 241 / 123. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 3-5 / 124. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 16, jinaharSa kA nemi-rAjImatI bAra samAsa savaiyA 1. jaina gurjara kaviyoM, khaMDa 2, bhAga, pR. 1180; vinodIlAla kA nemi rAjula bArahamAsA, bArahamAsA saMgraha, jaina pustaka bhavaka kalakattA, tulanArtha dekhiye| 125. neminAtha ke pada, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 157; lakSmI bAlama kA bhI viyoga varNana dekhiye jahA~ sAdhaka kI paramAtmA ke prati dAmpatyamUlaka rati dikhAI detI hai, vahI, nemirAjula bArahamAsA, 14, pR. 309 / 126. bhUdhara vilAsa, 13, pR.8| 127. vahI, 45, pR, 25; pada 13 / 128. paMcasahelI gIta, luNakarajI pANDayA mandira, jayapura ke guTakA naM, 144 meM aMkita hai; hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR.101-103| 129. brahmavilAsa,zata aSTottarI, 27 vAMpadya, pR.14| 130. AnaMdaghana bahottarI, 32-41 / 131. piyA bina sudhi-budhi muMdI ho| viraha bhujaMga nisA samaiM, merI sejar3I bUMdI ho| bhoyaNapAna kathA miTI. kisakU kahuM suddhI ho||vhii, 62 / 132. Anandaghana bahottarI, 32 / 133. vahI, pR.20| 134. ziva-ramaNI vivAha, 16 ajayarAja pATaNI, badhIcanda mandira, jayapura guTakA naM.158 veSTana nN.1275|

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463 saMdarbha anukramaNikA 135. zrI cUnarI, isakI hastalikhita prati maMgorA (mathurA) nivAsI paM. kallabha rAma jI ke pAsa surakSita hai, apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR.90| 136. vizama viraNa pUrA bhayo ho, Ayo sahaja vsNt| pragaTI suruci sugandhitA ho, mana madhukara mymNt|| adhyAtama vina kyoM pAiye ho||2|| sumati kokilA gaha gahI ho vahI apUraba vaau| bharama kuhara bAdara phaTe ho' ghaTa jADo jar3a taau||adhyaatm||3|| mAyArajanI laghu bhaI ho' samarasa divazazi jiit| moha paMka kI thiti ghaTI ho; saMzaya zizira vytiit||adhyaatm||4|| zubha dala pallava lahalahe ho' hohi azubha ptjhaar| malina viSaya rati mAlatI ho' virati veli visatAra ||adhyaatm||5|| zaziviveka nirmala bhayo ho, thiratA abhaya jhkor| phailI zakti sucandrikA ho, pramudita naima-cakaura ||adhyaatm||6|| surati agni jvAlA lagI ho' samakita bhAnu amnd| hRdaya kamala vikasita bhayo ho' pragaTa sujaza makaranda ||adhyaatm||7|| diDha kaSAya himagira gale ho nadI nirjarA jor| dhAra dhAraNa baha cala ho zivasAgara mukha aura ||adhyaatm0||8|| vitatha vAta prabhutA miTI ho jagyo jathAratha kaaj| jaMgalabhUmi suhAvanI ho nRpa vasanta ke rAja ||adhyaatm0||9|| banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtama phAga 2-6pN.154|| 137. gau suvarNa dAsI bhavana gaja turaMge prdhaan| kulakataMtra tila bhUmi ratha ye punIta dshdaan||vhii, dsdaan,15.177| 138. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtama phAga, 18, pR. 155-156 / 139. akSara brahma khela ati nIko khelata hI hulasAvai-hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 92 / 140. mAhavIrajI atizaya kSetra kA eka prAcIna guTakA, sAija 8-6, pR. 160; hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 256 / Ayo sahaja vasanta khelai, saba horI horaa|| uta budhi deyA chimA bahuNar3hI, ita jiya ratana saje gunana joraa|| jJAna dhyAna upha tAla bajata hai anahada zabda hota ghnghoraa|| dharama surAga gulAla ur3ata hai, samatA raMga duhaM ne ghorA ||aayo0||2|| parasana uttara bhari picakArI, chorata donoM kaTi kaTi joraa|| ita" kahaiM nAri tuma kAkI, uta" kahaiM kauna ko chorA / / 3 / / ATha kATha anubhava pAvaka meM, jala bujha zAMta bhaI saba oraa|| dyAnata ziva Ananda canda chabi, dekhe sajjana naina ckoraa||4|| hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 119 / 141.

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464 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 121 / vahI, pR. 149 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 158 / iha vidhi kheliye horI ho catura nara / / nija paranati saMgi laihu samahAgina, aru phuni sumati kizorI ho / / 1 / / gyAna mai jala sau bhari bhari ke sabada picarikA chorI / krodha mAna abIra ur3Avau rAga gulAla kI jhaurI hI / / 3 / / hinda pada saMgraha, pR. 177 / vahI, pR. 176 / chAra kaSAya tyAgI yA gahi lai samakita kezara ghorI / mithyA patthara DAri dhAri lai, nija gulAla kI jhorI / / 'budhajanavilAsa', 40 / vahI, pR. 49 / chAra kaSAya tyAgI yA gahi lai samakita kezara dhorI / mithyA patthara DArI dhAri lai, nija gulAla kI jhorii|| 'budhajanavilAsa', 49 / - mero mana aisI khelata horI / / mana miradaMga sAjakari tyAgI, tana ko tamUrA bnorii| sumati suraMga sAraMgI bajAI, tAla dou krjorii| rAga pAMcauM pada korI, mero mana / / 1 / / samakiti rUpa nara bhI jhArI, karunA kezara ghorI / jJAnamaI lekara picakArI, dou karamAhiM samhorI | indra pAMcauM sakhi borI, mere mana. / / 2 / / caturadAna ko hai gullAla sau, bhari bhari mUThi calorI / tapa mevAkI bhari nija jhorI, yaza kI abIra ur3orI / tapa mevAkI bhari nija jhorI, yaza kI abIra ur3orI / raMga jinadhAma macorI, mere mana. / / 3 / / daulata bAla khailaiM asa horI, bhavabhava duHkha TalaurI / zaranA le ika zrajana ko rI, jaga meM lAja ho torii| milaiM phaguA ziva horii| mere mana. / / 4 / / daulata jaina pada saMgraha, pR. 26 / 151. vahI, pR. 26 /

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465 ai sin x w y via saMdarbha anukramaNikA aSTama parivarta uttarAdhyayana, pR.10,15| saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga-2, pR.4| hindI pada saMgraha, pR.77| 'aisI yaha saMsAra hai jaisA semara phuul| dina dasa ke vyavahAra meM jhUTha re mana bhuul||' kabIra sAkhI saMgraha, pR. 61 / yaha saMsAra seMvala ke phUla jyauM tApara tU jini phUlai, dAdUvAnI, bhAga-2, pR.14| saba jaga chailI kAla kasAI, karda lie kaMTha kaatte| paca tattva kI paMca paMkharI khaNDa-khaNDa krivaattai||daaduuvaanii, bhAga-1, pR. 229 / jAyasI kA padmAvataH kAvya aura darzana DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, pR. 213-214 / sUrasAgara / santa vANI saMgraha, bhAga-2, pR. 46 / dekhiye, isI prabandha kA dvitIya-paMcama parivarta, vRhad jinavANI saMgraha, bAraha bhAvanA bhUdharadAsa, budhajana, Adi kaviyoM kii| jovana gRha go dhana nArI, haya gayajana aajnyaakaarii| indrIya bhoga china thAI, suradhanucapalA cplaaii|| chahaDhAlA, 5-3 / vinaya patrikA, 188. vAM pada / sUrasAgara, 335 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR.133| vahI, pR. 157 / vahI, pR.70| kavitA ratna, pR. 24 / sUrasAgara, 1110 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR.5| saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 21 / saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 64 / 12. 14. 15. 16. 19. 20. 21.

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466 23. 31. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 22. banArasIdAsavilAsa, prAstAvika phuTakara kavitta, pR. 12 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR.152| 24. dAdU kI vAnI, bhAga 2, pR. 94 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 152 / 26. vahI, 158 / 27. dAdU kI vAnI, bhAga 2, pR. 94 / 28. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 346 / daulata jaina pada saMgraha, pR.11. pada 17 vaaN| saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 124 / kSaNabhaMgura jIvana kI kaliyA~ kala prAta ko jAnai khilI na khiliiN| malayAcala kI zuci zItala manda sugandha samIra milI na milii| kali kAla kuThAra lie phiratA tanu namra hai coTa jhilI na jhilii| kari le hari nAma arI rasanA phira aMta same pai hila na hilii|| bhagavaMta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re|| yaha saMsAra raina kA supanA, tana dhanavAri babUlA re|| isa jIvana kA kauna bharosA, pAvaka meM tRNa phUlA re| svAratha sAdhai pAMca pAMva tu, paramAratha ko bhUlA re| kahu kaise sukha paihaiM prANI kAma karai dukhamUlA re|| moha pizAca chalyo mati mArai nijakara kaMdha vasUlA re| bhaja zrI rAjamatIvara 'bhUdhara' do duramati sira dhuulaare|| hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 157 / kabIra graMthAvalI, padAvalI bhAga, 92 vAM pada, pR. 346 / 34. brahmavilAsa, anitya pacIsikA, 41, pR. 176 / jaina sAdhakoM dvArA zarIra cintana ko vistAra se isI prabandha ke dvitIya-paMcama parivarta meM dekhie| kabIra-DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, padya 130, pR. 309 / santa vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR.4| hindI pada saMgraha, pada 156, pR. 130 / indro mAyAbhiH pururUpa Iyate, Rgveda 6.47.18 / __ asmAnmAyI sRjate vizvametat tasmizcAnyomAyayA saMniruddhaH, zvetAzvataropaniSad 4.9 / micchata vedaMto jIvo, vivarIyadasaNo hoii| Naya dhammaM rocedi hu, mahura pi rasaMjahA jarido, paMcasaMgraha, 1.6: tu. uttarAdhyayana, 7.24 / 32. 33.

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467 41. 42. 47. saMdarbha anukramaNikA brahmasUtra bhASya, 2.1.9, 1.1.21, 2.1.28 / advaita brahma satyam jagat idamanRta mAyayA bhaasmaan| jIvo brahma svarUpo ahamiti mamacet asita dehebhimaan| dhRtvA brahmamahamasmnuyabhavamudite naSTa krmaabhimaanaat| mAyA saMsAra mukte iha bhavati sadA saccidAnanda rUpaH / bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR. 61 / rAghavadUta soi saitaanuu| mAyA alAuddIna sultaanu|| jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 301 / vahI, pR. 224-226 / vahI, pR. 205 / gopAla tumhArI mAyA mahAprabala nihiM saba jaga basa kInhoM, sUrasAgara pada, 44 / mAdhaujU naiku haTako gaai| bhramata nisi-vAsana apatha-patha, agaha gahiM-gahiM jaai| dhudhina ati na adhAti kabahUM, nigama dumadali khaai| aSTa isa-ghaTa nIra aMcavati tRSA taUna bujhaai| sUrasAgara, pada 56 / sUrasAgara, 42-43, tulanArtha dRSTavya, malUkadAsa, bhAga 2, pR. 9, palaTU, saMtavANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 238 / mIrAbAI, pR. 327-28 / tulasI, saM. udayabhAnusiMga, pR. 178-9 / tulasI granthAvalI, pR.100| mAyA chAyA eka sau viralA jAne koy| AtA ke pIde phire sanamukha bhAgai soy| saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 57 / mAyA chAyA eka hai ghaTai baTTai china maahi| inakI saMgati je lagai tinahi kaTI sukha naahiN||bnaarsiivilaas, pR.75 / mAyA kI savArI seja cAdari kalapanA......nATaka samayasAra, nirjarAdvAra 14, pR.138| mAyA to ThaginI bhaI Thagata phirai saba desa, saMtavANI saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 57 / kabIra-DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, padya 134, pR. 311 / 50. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.

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468 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 58. 60. 61. hindI pada saMgraha, pR.154| avadhU aiso jJAna vicArarI, vAmeM koNa puruSa koNa naarii| bAhmana ke ghara nhAtI dhotI, bAhmana ke ghara celii| kalamA par3ha par3ha bhaI re turakar3I, to Apa hI Apa akelii|| sasaro hamAro bAlo bholo, sAsU bAla kuNvaarii| picajU hamAre hor3he pAraNiya, to maiM hUM jhulaavnhaarii|| nahIM hUM paTaNI, nahIM hUM kuMvArI putra jaNAvana haarii| kAlI dAr3I ko maiM koI nahIM chor3ayo, to hajue haM bAla kuNvaarii|| aDhI dvIpa meM khATa khaTUlI, gagana uzIku tlaaii| dharatI ko cher3o, Ama kI pichor3I, tomana soDa bhraaii|| gagana maMDala meM gAya biANI, vasudhA dUdha jmaaii| usa re suno mAi valoNUM balove, to tattva amRta koI paaii|| nahIM jAUM sAsariye ne nahIM jAUM pIhariye, piyajU kI seja bichaaii| Anandaghana kahai sunA bhAI sAdhu, to jyota se jyota milaaii| Anandaghana bahottarI, pR. 403-405 / kabIra graMthAvalI, pada 231, pR. 427-28) tulasIrAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa, 323-4 / malUkadAsa, bhAga 2, pR.16| dAdU, bhAga 1, pR. 131 / yaha saMsAra sapana kara lekhA, vichari gaye jAnoM nahiM dekhA, jAyasI granthAvalI, pR.55| jese supane soi nekhiyata taise yaha saMsAra, sUrasAra, pR. 200 / moha nisA saba sovani dvArA, dekhia sapana aneka prakArA, mAnasa, pR.458| hindI pada saMgraha, pR.154| tama moha lobha aMhakArA, mada, krodha bodha ripu bhaaraa| ati karahi upadrava nAthA, mardahi mohi jAni anaathaa| santavANI saMgraha bhAga 2, pR. 86 tulanArthadekhiye, kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 311 sUrasAgara 153, pR.81| kAhe ko krUra kare ati, tohi rahaiM dukha saMkaTa ghere| kAhe ko mAna mahAza rakhAvata, Avata kAla chine china tere|| kAhe ko aMdha tubaMdhana mAyAsau, yaja 68. 69.

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70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. saMdarbha anukramaNikA narakAdika meM tuhai gere| lobha mahAdukha mUla hai bhaiyA, tu cetata kyoM nahi ceta severe|| brahmavilAsa, puNya pacIsikA 11 pR. 4 / Amacarita mAnasa, gItA presa, sUrasAgara, pR. 173 / pR. 458 / thakita hoya ratha cakrahIna jyauM viraci karmaguna phaMda, vahI, pR. 105 / brahmavilAsa, puNya pApa jagamUla pacIsI, 20, pR. 199 / mIrA bAI, pR. 327 // hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 201 / yadA viniyataM cittaM mAtmanyevAvatiSThate / niHspRha sarvakAmebhyo yoga ityucyate tdaa|| gItA, 6.18 / kaThopaniSad 2.3.10 maNasA vAyA vA vi juttasya vIriya pariNAmo / jIvassa viriya jogo, jogotti jiNehiM NiTThio paMca saMgraha, 188 / 469 . caturvargagrahI mokSo yogastasya ca kAraNam-yogazAstra, 1.15 / paMcaha NAyaku vasikarahu jeNa hotI vasi aNNa / mUla viNaTThai taruvaraha avasai sukkahiM paNNa / paramAtmaprakAza, 140, pR. 285 / manodRzyamiMda dvaitam, mANDUkya kArikA, 3.31 / mana pAMcauM ke vasi parA mana ke vasa nahiM pAMca / jita dekhUM tita dau lagi jita bhAkhU tita AMca / / kabIra vANI, pR. 67 / mAyA soM mana vIgaDayA, jyoM kAMjI kari dUdha / hai koI saMsAra meM mana kari deve dAdU, bhAga 1, pR. 118 / kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 146 / vahI, pR. 146 / kA re mana daha disiM dhavai, viSiyA saMgi saMtoSa na paave|| jahAM jahAM kalape tahAM tahAM baMdhano, ratana ko thAla kiyau te raMdhanAM / kabIra graMthAvalI, pada 87, pR. 343 / re mana! kara sadA santoSa, bar3hata IMdhana jarata jaise, agani UMcI joti / / banArasIdAsa, hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 65 /

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470 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mere mana tirapata kyoM nahi hoya, anAdikAla nai viSayanarAcyo, apanA saravasa khoy|| budhajana, vahI, pR. 197 / brahmavilAsa, manavattIsI, pR. 262 / manakarahArAsa, 1, amIra zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati tulanArthadRSTavya-jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, 67, pR. 26 / titthaI titthu bhamaM tAhaM muhaM mokkhaNa hoi| NANa vivajjiu jeNa jiya muNivaru hoiNa soI / 58 / paramAtmaprakAza, dvi. mahA0, pR. 227 / pattiya pANiu dagdha tila savvahaM jANi svnnnnu| ja puNu mokkhahaM jAivau taM kAraNu kui aNNu / / -pAhuDadohA, 159 / mokkhapAhur3a 61; bhAvapAhur3a 2 / hindI kAvyadhArA - saM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pAkhaNDa-khaNDana (chAyA) pR.5, tulanArtha dRSTavya hai - brahmavilAsa, zataaSTottarI, 11. pR.10|| 95. pAhana pUje hari milai to maiM pUjU phaar| tAteM ye cAkI bhalI pIsi khAya sNsaar|| saMtavANI saMgraha, bhAga-1, pR. 62 / mUr3a mur3Aye hari milaiM saba koI leya mudd'aay| bAra-bAra ke mUr3ate bher3a na baikuNTha jaay|| mAlA pherata juga gayA, pAya na mana kA pher| karakA manakA chAMDi de manakA manakA phera / / kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 45 / jAyasI kA padmAvata - DaoN.govinda triguNAyata, pR.157| nAgaiM phirai joga jo hoI, bana kA mRga mukati gayA koii| mUr3a mur3Ayai jo sidhi hoI, svarga hI bher3ana pahuMcI koii|| nandarAkhi je khele hai bhAI, to dUsare kauNa parama gati paaii||32|| kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 23 / 100. sundaravilAsa, pR. 23 / 101. saMta sudhAsAra, bhAga-2, pR. 58 / 102. bhIkhA sAhaba kI vAnI, pR.5| 103. vinayapatrikA, pada 129 / 104. tulasI granthAvalI, pR. 200 / 105. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhi dvAra, 96-97 /

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saMdarbha anukramaNikA 106. brahmavilAsa, zataaSTottarI, 11, pR. 10 vahI; anityapacIsiyA, 9, pR. 174 / 107. brahmavilAsa, supaMtha kupaMthapacIsika, 11, pR. 182 / 108. hayaM nANa kriyAhINaM hayA annANao kriyA / pAsaMtau paMgulo daDDho dhAvamANo ya aNdho|| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, jinabhadragaNa, 1159 / 109. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 43, pR87| 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 471 118. kyA hai taire nhAI dhoi, AtamarAma na cInhA soii| kyA ghaTa bina naraka na chUTai, jo dhauvai sau bArA / jyUM dAdura surasari jala bhItari hari bina mukati na hoI || kabIra, pR. 322 / abhintara citti vi mailiyai bAhiri kAi taveNa / citti NiraMjaNu kau vi ghari muccahi jema maleNa / / pAhuNadohA, 61, pR. 18 / bhittari bhariu pAumalu, mUDhA karahiM saNhANu / je mala lAga citta mahi aNandA re ! bima jAya saphANi / / ANaMdA, 4 / uttarAdhyayana, 127 / je kei vi uvaesA, iha para loe suhAvahA sNti| viNaeNa gurujaNANaM savve pAuNai te purisA / / vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, 339, tulanArtha dekhiye - gheraMDa saMhitA, 3, 12-14 / uttarAdhyayana, prathama skandha / zvetAzvetaropaniSad 3 - 6, 22 Adi parva, mahAbhArata, 131.34.58 / tAma kutitthaI paribhamai dhuttmi tAma karei | guruhu pasAe jAma Navi appA deu muNei / / yogasAra, 41, pR. 380 / appAparahaM paraMparaha jo darisAvai bheu / / pAhuDadohA, 1 / guru jiNavaru guru siddha siu, guru rayaNattaya sAru / sau darisAvai appa pa ANaMdA ! bhava jala pAvai pAru / / ANaMdA, 36 / guru govinda doU khar3e kAke lAgUM pAya / balihArI guru ApakI jinha govinda diyo dikhAya / saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga - 1, pR. 2 / 119. balihArI guru ApaNoM dyauM hAr3au kai baar| jinI mAniSa taiM devatA karata na lAgI baar| kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 1 /

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472 120. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA sasai khAyA sakala jaga, sasA kinahUMna khaddha, vahI, pR.2-3| 121. vahI, pR.4| 122. jAyasI granthamAlA, pR.7| 123. guru suAjei paMtha dekhAvA / binu guru jagata ko niraguna pAvA ||pdmaavt / 124. guru hoi Apa, kInha ucelA, jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 33 / 125. guru viraha cinagIjo melaa| jo sulagAi lei socelaa|| vahI, pR.51 / 126. jAyasI graMthAvalI, stutikhaNDa, pR.7| 127. joga vidhi madhubana sikhihaiM jaai| binu guru nikaTa saMdesani kaise, avagAhyau jaai| sUrasAgara (sabhA), pada 4328 / 128. vahI, pada 336 / 129. sUrasAgara, pada 416, 417; sUra aura unakA saahity| 130. paramesura se guru bar3e gAvata veda purAna-saMtasudhAsAra, patra 182 / 131. AcArya kSitimohana sena-dAdU aurara unakI dharmasAdhanA, pATala santa vizeSAMka, bhAga 1, pR. 112 / 132. balihArI guru ApaNoM dyau hAMr3I ke baar| jini mAniSateM devatA, karata na lAgI baar|| guru graMtha sAhiba, ma 1, AsAdIvAra, pR.1| 133. sundaradAsa graMthAvalI, prathama khaNDa, pR.8| 134. rAmacaritamAnasa, bAlakANDa 1-5 / 135. guru binu bhavanidhi tarai na koI jo viraMci saMkara sama hoii| bina guru hohi ki jJAna jJAna ki hoi virAga vinu| rAmacaritamAnasa, uttarakANDa, 93 / 136. vahI, uttarakANDa, 4314 / 137. banArasIvilAsa, paMcapada vidhAna, 1-10 pR. 162-163 / hindIjaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR.117| 139. jyauM varaSai varaSA samai, megha akhaMDita dhaar| tyauM sadguru vAnI khirai, jagata jIva hitkaar|| nATaka samayasAra, 6, pR. 3385 138.

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473 146 saMdarbha anukramaNikA 140. vahI, sAdhya sAdhaka dvAra, 15-16, pR. 342-3 / 141. banArasI vilAsa, bhASAsUkta muktAvalI, 14, pR. 24 / 142. sadguru miliyA suMchapichAnau aisA brahma maiM paatii| sagurA sUrA amRta pIve nigurA pyArasa jaatii| magana bhayA merA mana sukha meM govinda kA gunngaatii| mIrA kahai ika Asa ApakI aurAM sUM skucaatii|| santa vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 69 / 143. aba mauhi sadguru kahi samajhAyau, tau sau prabhU bar3e bhAgani paayo| rUpacanda naTu vinavai tauhI, aba dayAla pUraude mohii|| hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 49 / 144. vahI, pR. 127, tulanArtha dekhiye| mana vacakAya joga thira karake tyAgo viSaya kssaai| dyAnata svarga mokSa sukhadAI sataguru sIkha btaaii|| vahI, pR.133| 145. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 117 / / bhAI koI sataguru sata kahAvai, nainana alakha lakhAvai-kabIra; bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR. 146 / 147. dariyA saMgama sAdhu kI, sahajai palaTai aNg| jaise saM gamajITha ke kapar3A hoya surNg| dariyA8, saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR.129| 148. sahajo saMgata sAdha kI kAga haMsa ho jaay| sahajobAI, vahI, pR.158| 149. kaha raidAsa milaiM nijadAsa, janama janama ke kATe pAsa-raidAsa vAnI, pR.32| 150. taja kusaMga satasaMga baiTha nita, hari carcA guNa lIjau - santavANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR.77| 151. jalacara thalacara nabhacara nAnA, je jaDa cetana jIva jhaanaa| mIta kIrati gati bhUti bhalAI, jaba jehiM jatana jahAM jehiM paaii| sau jAnava satasaMga prabhAU, laukahuM veda na Ana upaauu| binu satasaMga viveka na hoI, rAma kRpA binu sulabha na soii| satasaMgati muda maMgalamUlA, soI phala sidhi saba sAdhana phuulaa| saTha sudharahiM satasaMgati pAI, pArasa parasa kudhAta suhaaii| tulasIdAsa-rAmacarimAnasa, bAlakANDa 2-5 / 152. tajau mana hari vimukhana ko sNg| jinake saMga kumati upajata hai parata bhajana meM

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474 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bhNg| kahA hota paya pAna karAye viSa nahiM tajata bhujNg| kAgahi kahA kapUra cugAe svAna nhavAe gNg| sUradAsa khalakArI kAmari, car3he na dUjau aNg|| sUrasAgara, pR.176| 153. banArasIvilAsa, bhASAsUkta muktAvalI, pR.50| 154. kara kara sapata saMgata re bhaaii|| pAna parata nara narapata kara sau tau pAnani sau kara aasnaai|| candana pAsa nIMva candana hai kADha car3hayau loha trjaaii| pArasa parasa kughAta kanaka hai bUnda urddha padavI paaii|| karaI tauvara saMgati ke phala madhura madhura sura kara gaaii| viSa guna karata saMga auSadha ke jyauM baca khAta miTaiM vaaii|| doSa ghaTe pragaTe guna manasA niramala hai taja cplaaii| dyAnata dhanna dhanna jinake ghaTa sata saMgati srdhaaii|| hindI pada saMgraha, pR.137| 155. vahI, pR.155| 156. vahI, pR.158-86| 157. dekhau svAMti bUnda sIpa mukha parI motI hoyaH keli meM kapUra bAMsa mohi baMsaloca naa| Ikha meM madhura puni nIma meM kaTaka rasa, pannaga ke mukha parI hoya prAna mocnaa|| aMbuja dalanipari parI motI sama dipai, tapana tabe pe parI nasai kachu socnaa| utakiSTa madhyama jaghanya jaisauM saMga mile, taisau phala lahai mati pauca mati pocanA / / 147 / / malaya suvAsa dekho niMbAdi sugandha kare, pArasa pakhAna loha kaMcana karata hai| rajaka prasaMga paTa samalateM zveta karai, bheSaja prasaMga viSa rogana harata hai|| paMDita prasaMga jana mUrakhateM budha karai, kASTa ke prasaMga loha pAnI meM tarata hai| jaisau jAko saMga tAkau taisI phala prApati hai, sajjanaprasaMga saba dukha nivarata hai|| 148, manamodana, paMcazatI, pR.70-71| 158. vedAntasAra, pR.7| 159. bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, pR.3-5 atastadbhAsakaM nityazuddhayukta satyasvabhAvaM prtykH| caitanyamevAtma bhavastviti vedAntavidanubhavaH / vedAntasAra-saM. hariyatrA, pR.8| 161. bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, pR88 162. brahmavilAsa, dravyasaMgraha, 2, pR.33| 163. kAyA udadhi citava piMDA paahaaN| daI ratana sauM hiradaya mAhAM / jAyasI granthAvalI, pR.177 0

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475 169. 175. saMdarbha anukramaNikA 164. vahI, pR.3| 165. Aju sura sasi ke ghara aayaa| sasi sUrahi janu hoi merAvA, vahI, pR. 123 / 166. hiya kai joti dIpa vaha sUjhA, jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 61 / 167. vahI, pR. 50 / 168. vahI, pR.57| jAyasI kA padmAvataH kAvya aura darzana, pR194-204| 170. kabIra granthAvalI, pR.105| 171. Apa hI Apaha vicAriye taba kaisA hoI AnaMda re, kabIra graMthAvalI, pR.89| 172. vahI, pR.56| 173. vahI, pR. 323 / 174. nijasvarUpa niraMjanA, nirAkAra aparaMpAra, vahI, pR. 227 / vahI, pR.73| 176. vahI, pR.73| 177. santavAnI saMgraha, pR.107| 178. sUrasAgara, pada 369 / 179. vahI, pada 407 / 180. jiya jaba taiM hari teM bigaanyau| taba tai geha nija jaanyau| mAyA vasa sarUpa bisraayau| tehi bhrama teM dAruna duHkha paayau| vinayapatrikA, 136 / 181. vhii,53| 182. gItAvalI, 5,5-27 / 183. paramArthaprakAza, pra.makAH / 184. pAhur3adohA, 26-31 / 185. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 243 / 186. kahai kabIra sabai saja vinasyA, rahai rAma avinAsI re| nija sarUpa niraMjana nirAkAra, aparaMpAra apaar| alakha niraMjana lakhai na koI nirabhai nirAkAra hai saui| kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 210.227, 230 / 187. nATaka samayasAra, 4 pR.5| 188. kabIra granthAvalI, paracA kau aga, pR.111 / 189. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtama gIta, pR.161| 190. sundaravilAsa, pR.129|

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476 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 191-3. vinayapatrikA, 53 / 194. sUrasArAvalI, pada 993, pR. 34 (veMkaTezvara pres)| 195. sUra aura unakA sAhitya, pR. 211 / 196. banArasIvilAsa, zivapaccIsI, pR. 211 / 197. nATaka samayasAra, mokSadvAra, 10, pR. 219 / 198. kabIra graMthAvalI, 219, pR.162| 199. santasudhAsAra, pR. 648 / 200. Anandaghana bahottarI, pR. 359 / 201. suNNa NiraMjana parama hau, suiNemAu shaav| bhAvahu citta sahAvatA, jau raasijjijaav||dohaakosh, 139, pR. 30 / 202. udayana astarAti na dina, sarabe sacarAcara bhAva na bhinn|soii niraMjana DAla namUla, sarvavyApika suSama na asthuul|| hindI kAvyadhArA, pR.158| 203. kabIra-DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, paMcama saMskaraNa, pR.52-53| 204. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, pR. 354 / 205. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, pR. 355 / 206. raMjanaM rAgAdyuHraMjanaM tasmAnnirgatapasthAnAMgasUtra, abhidhAna rAjendra koza, caturtha bhAga, pR. 2108, kalpa subodhikA meM bhI likhA haiM - raMjanaM rAgAdyuparajaMnaMtena zUnyatvAt nirNjnm| paramAtma prakAza, 1-17, 123 / 207. madhyakAlIna dharmasAdhanA - DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pra.saMskaraNa, 1952 pR.44| 208. paramAtmaprakAza, pR. 27-28 / 209. parama niraMjana paramaguru paramapuruSa prdhaan| bandahaM parama samAdhigata, apabhaMjana bhgvaan|| banArasIvilAsa, karmachattIsI, padya 1, pR.136| Anandaghana bahottarI, pR.365| tulanArtha dekhie, bAbA Atma agocara kaisA tAteM kahi samujhAvoM aisaa| jo dIsai so to hai vo nAhIM, hai sau kahA na jaaii| sainA bainA kahi samajhAo, gUMge kA gur3a bhaaii| dRSTi na dIsai maSTi na Avai, vinasai nAhi niyaaraa| aisA gyAna kathA guru mere, paNDita karo vicaaraa|| kabIra, pR.126| 211. pAMcarAtra, lakSmIsaMhitA sAdhanAMka, pR. 60 / 0.

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saMdarbha anukramaNikA 212. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 214 / 213. vahI, pR. 332 / 214. vinaya patrikA, 105 / 215. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 32-33 / 216. brahmavilAsa, pR. 116 / 217. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 183 / 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. mere to giradhara gopAla dUsarA na koI / / jAke sira mora mukuTa merA pati soI / tAta mAta bhrAta bandhu apanA nahiM koii| chor3a daI kula kI kAni kyA karihai koii|| vinaya patrikA, 174 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 165, 223 / kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 124 / vinaya patrikA, 226 / sUrasAgara, pada 89 / mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 260, pada 14vAM, pR. 262 / 224. 225. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 174 / 226. dyAnatarAya saMgraha, kalakattA, 28 vAM pada, pR. 12 / 227. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 140 / 228. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 127 / 229. vinaya patrikA, 93 / mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 260-61 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 163 / kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 133 / vinaya patrikA, 153 / 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 164 / 236. vahI, pR. 140 / 237. vahI, pR. 101 / 238. vahI, pR. 216 / 477 mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 259 /

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478 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 26 / vinaya patrikA, 101 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 101 / aho jagata guru deva, suniyo araja hmaarii| tuma ho dInadayAlu, maiM dukhiyA sNsaarii|| bhUdharadAsa, jinastuti, jJAnapITha pUMjAMjalI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, chaThA khaNDa, pahalA padya, pR. 522 / sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 165 vAM pada, pR. 54 / vinaya patrikA, 144 vAM pada, pR. 213 / bhagavaMta bhajau su tajau paramAda, samAdhi ke saMga meM raMga rho| aho cetana tyAga parAi subuddhi, gaho nija zuddhi jyoM sukkha laho / / tuma jJAyaka ho SaT dravyana ke, tina sauM hita jAni ke Apa kaho / / brahmavilAsa, zataka aSTottarI, 12, pR. 31 / 246. bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda, 221-226 / 247. jAyasI grantha mAlA / 248. sUrasAgara, pada 89 / 249. suursaagr| 250. santavANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 153 / tulasI rAmAyaNa, bAla kANDa, 120 / kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 88 / 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. pAtaMjala yoga zAstra, 1-2 / 260. 261. 262. sUra aura unakA sAhitya, pR. 240 / mIrA (kAzI) pada 101 / DAkora pada2 / Anandaghana pada saMgraha, pada 96, pR. 413 / hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 33, 258, 195 / bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, pR. 260-301 / haThayoga pradIpikA kI bhUmikA - yogI zrInivAsa AyaMgAra, pR. 6 / yoga upaniSad, pR. 367 / jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 31 /

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479 266. saMdarbha anukramaNikA 263. vahI, pR.38|| 264. vahI, pR.101| 265. sUruja cAMda kai kathA jo kheuu| prema kahAnI lAi citta bAheU, jAyasI aura unakA padmAvata, banijArA khaNDa-rAmacandra zukla 'cAMda ke raMga meM sUraja raMga gayA, vahI ratnasena bheMTa khnndd| gar3ha para nIra khIra dui ndii| panihArI jaise durpdii|| aura kuMDa eka motI curu| pAnI amRta, kIca kpuuruu| 267. nau paurI tehi gar3ha mjhiyaaraa| o tahaM phirahiM pAMca kottvaaraa| dasavaM duAra guputa eka taakaa| Agama car3hAva, bATa suThi baaNkaa|| bhedai jAi soi vaha ghaattii| jo lahi bheda, caDhe hoI caaNttii|| gar3ha tara kuMDa, suraMga tehi maahaaN| tahaM vaha paMtha kahauM tohi paahaaN| cora baiTha jasa saidhi sNvaarii| juA paiMta jasa lAva juaarii|| jasa marajiyA samudra dhaMsa, hAtha Ava taba siip| dUDhi lei jo saraga-duArI caDhe sau siNhldviip|| vahI, pArvatI maheza khNdd'| 268. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 301 / 269. vahI, pR. 198 / vahI, pR. 277 / 271. kabIra granthAvalI, pR.145| 272. sahaja-sahaja saba koU kahe sahaja na cInhe koy| jo sahajai sAhaba mile sahaja kahAvai soy| sahajai-sahajai saba gayA suta cita kAma nikaam| eka meka havai mili rahA dAsa kabIrA jaan| kar3avA lAge nIma sA jAme ecaataani| sahaja mile so dUdha-sA mAMgA mile so paani| kaha kabIra vaha rakata sama jAmai ecaataani| saMta sAhitya, pR. 222-3 / 273. brahma agini meM kAyA jArai, trikuTI saMgama jaagai| kahai kabIra soi jAgezvara, sahaja sUMni tyaulaagai|| kabIra granthAvalI, pR.109| 274. kabIra darzana, pR. 297-347 / 275. AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI - kabIra pariziSTaH kabIra vANa, pR. 262 / 276. saMta kabIra, rAmakumAra varmA, pR.51, pada 48; saMta sAhitya, pR. 304-5 / 277. dohAkoSa, pR. 46 / 278. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 269, madhyakAlIna hindI saMta-vicAra aura sAdhanA, pR.531| 250

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480 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 290. 291. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA bIjaka, pRSTha 116, madhyakAlIna saMta-vicAra aura sAdhanA, pR. 531 / sahaja hATi mana kIA nivAsu / sahaja subhAva mani kIA paragAsu-prANa saMgalI, pR. 147 / sahaja rUpa mana kA bhayA, jaba dvai dvai miTI taraMga / tAlA sItala sama bhayA, taba dAdU ekai aMga / / dAdUdayAla kI vAnI, bhAga 1, pR. 170 / vahI, bhAga-2, pR.88 vahI, pR. 204 / banArasIvilAsa, praznottaramAlA, 12.pR. 183 / 287. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 65 / 288. ANaMdA, 40, Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura kI hastalikhita prati / sainA bainA kahi samujhAo, gUMge kA gur3a / / kabIra, pR. 126 / 289. dyAnatavilAsa, kalakattA, 292. 293. sundaradarzana - DaoN. trilokI nArAyaNa dIkSita, pR. 29-50 / mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 281 / daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 73, pR. 40 / Anandaghana bahottarI, pR 358 / banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 34, pR. 84 / 294. hindI pada saMgraha, 119 / 295. evaM kramazo'bhyAsavazAd dhyAna bhajetrirAlambam / samarasabhAvaM pAtaH paramAnanda tato'nubhavet / / yogazAstra, 12. 5; tulanArtha dekhiye, jJAnArNava, 30-5 / 296. maNu miliyau paramesarahaM, paramesarau vi maNassu / ve hi vi samarasa hUvAhaM, pujja caDhAvauM kassa / / paramAtmaprakAza, 1. 123, pR. 125 / 297. pAhur3a dohA, 176, pR. 54 / vedAntasUtra, 1.1.1 / 298. 299. muNDakopaniSad, 3.1.8 / 300. taittarIyopaniSad, 1.9 / 301. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 241, pR. 4 sAkhI, pR. 5 / 302. vahI, pR. 318 /

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481 308. 312. saMdarbha anukramaNikA 303. kahata kabIra taraka dui sAthai, tAkI mati hai mohI, vahI, pR. 105 / 304. zabdAvalI, zabda 30 / 305. dAdUdayAla kI bAnI, bhAga 1, paracA ko aMga 93, 98, 109 / 306. ulTI cAla mile parabrahma so sadguru hamArA-kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 145 / dila meM diladAra sahI aMkhiyAM ulTI karitAhi citaiye-sundaravilAsa, pR. 156 / ulaTi dekho ghara meM joti pasAra-santavAnI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR.188| 307. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR.89| nATaka samayasAra, 17 / 309. banArasIvilAsa, paramArtha hinDolanA, pR.5| 310. dekhiye, isI prabandha kA caturtha parivarta, pR.81-86| 311. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 359 / dAdUvAnI, bhAga 1. pR. 63 / 313. sundara vilAsa, pR. 159 / 314. nATaka samayasAra, 17 / dAdUvAnI, bhAga 1, pR.87| 316. sundara vilAsa, pR.101| 317. akharAvaTa-jAyasI, pR. 305, citrAvalI-usamAna, pR. 2 bhASA prema rasazekha rahIma 318. padmAvata-jAyasI, pR. 257-8, indrAvatI-nUramuhammada, pR.54| 319. jAyasI ke paravartI hindI sUphI kavi aura kAvya-DAM. sarala zukla, lakhanaU, saM. 2013, pR.111| 320. vahI, pR.113| 321. jAyasI kA padmAvata, kAvya aura darzana, pR.107| 322. jehi ke hiye prema raMga jaayaa| kA tehi bhUkha nIMda visraayaa|| jAyasI graMtha mAlA, pR.58| 323. kahaM rAnI padmAvatI, jIu vasaijehi paaNh| mora-mora ke khAeUM, bhUli garaba avgaah|| vahI, pR. 179 / 324. prema-dhAva dukha jAna na koI, vahI, pR.74| 325. vahI, gu.88| 326. vahI, pR. 25 / 315.

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482 327. 328. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA vahI, pR. 48 / prema adiSTa gagana taiM UMcA, dhruva taiM UMca prema dhruva UA / sira dei so pAMca dei so chUA / vahI, pR. 50 sUphImataH sAdhanA aura sAhitya-pR. 231-258 / jAyasI kA padmAvataH kAvya aura darzana, pR. 269-277 / 329. 330. 331. jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 63 / 332. vahI, ratanasena padmAvatI vivAha / 333. vahI ratanasena padmAvatI vivAha khaNDa, pR. 126 / 334. vahI, mAnavasarovara khaNDa, pR. 252 / 335. vahI, gandharvasena - mantrI khaNDa pR. 112 / 336. vahI, pArvatI maheza khaNDa, pR. 91 / 337. vahI, gandharvasena - maMtrI khaNDa, pR. 104 / 338. vahI, ratanasena -sUlIkhaNDa, pR. 111 / 339. vahI, vasantakhaNDa, pR. 84 / 340. vahI, ratanasena khaNDa, pR. 143 / 341. jAyasI kA padmAvata kAvya aura darzana, pR. 286-288 / 342. jAyasI kA padmAvataH kAvya aura darzana, pR. 305-308 / 343. haMsa javAhira, kAsimazAha, pR. 151 / 344. jAyasI ke paravartI hindI sUphI kavi aura kAvya, pR. 223 / 345. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 49 / 346. jAke muMha mAthA nahIM nAhIM rUpa arUpa / puhupa vAsa se pAtarA aisA tattva anUpa / / vahI, pR. 64, tulanArtha dekhIye - so nirguna kathi kahai sanAthA, jAke hAtha pAMva nahiM mAthA / dariyAsAgara, pR. 26 / 347. maiM abalA piu-piu karUM nirguna merA pIva / zUnya sanehI rAma bina, dekhUM aura na jiiv|| santa kabIra kI sAkhI, baiMkaTezvara, pR. 26 / 348. kabIra vacanAvalI- ayodhyAsiMha upAdhyAya, pR. 104 / 349. harijananI maiM bAlaka taurA - kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 123; hama bAlaka tuma mAya hamArI palapala mAMhi karo rakhavArI - sahajobAI, sanata sudhAsAra, pR. 196 /

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483 saMdarbha anukramaNikA 350. kabIra granthAvalI, pR.125| 351. kabIra-DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 187 / 352. lAlI mere lAla kI jita dekhU titlaal| lAlI dekhana maiM gaI maiM bhI ho gaI laal|| kabIra vacanAvalI-ayodhyAsiMha, pR. 6 / 353. madhyakAlIna hindI santa vicAra aura sAdhanA, pR. 216 / 354. kabIra-DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 191 / 355. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 9; kabIra-DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 193 / 356. nIra binu mIna dukhI kSIra binu zizu jaise| pIra jAke auSadhi binu kaise rahyo jAta hai| cAtaka jyoM svAti bUMda canda ko cakora jaise candana kI cAha kari sarpa akulAta hai|| nirdhana jyoM dhana cAhaiM kAminI ko kanta cAhai aisIjAke cAhatAko kachu na suhAta hai| prema ko prabhAva aisau prema tahAM nema kaisau krundara kahata yaha prema hI kI bAta hai|| santa sudhAsAgara, pR.59| 357. kabIra granthAvalI, 4, 2; madhyakAlIna hindI santa-vicAra aura sAdhanA, pR. 217 / 358. kabIra-DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 352-3 / piya ke raMga rAtI rahai jaga sUM hoya uvaas| caranadAsa kI vaanii| prIti kI rIti nahiMkaju rAkhata jAti na pAMti nahI kula gaaro| sundaradAsa, santa sudhAsAgara, khaNDa 1, pR. 633 / 359. piyako khojana meM calI Apahu gaI hiraay| palaTU, vahI, pR. 435 / 360. viraha agina meM jala gae mana ke maila vikaar| dAdUvAnI, bhAga 1, pR. 43 / 361. hamArI umariyA khelana kI, piya mosoM mili ke vichuri gayo ho| dharmadAsa, santavAnI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 37 / 362. gulAba sAhaba kI vAnI, pR. 22 / 363. kabIra, graMthAvalI, pR.90| 364. Aja parabhAta mile hrilaal| daaduuvaanii| 365. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, pR.580-604| 366. bhIjai cunariyA premarasa buudn|aart sAjakI calI hai suhAgina piya apane ko ddhuuddh'n|| mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 218 / 367. mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 222 /

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484 hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 368. mIrA padAvalI, pR.20| 369. bhAratIya sAdhanA aura sUradAsa, pR. 208 / 370. sAhitya kI sAthI, pR. 64 / 371. bhIrAbAI, pR. 405 / 372. veda kahe saraguna ke Age niraguNa kA visraam| saraguna-niraguna tahu sohAgina, dekha sabahi nijdhaam|| sukha-dukha vahAM kachU nahiM vyApai, darasana ATho jaam| nUre oDhana nUre DAsana, nUrekA sirhaan| kahai kabIra suno bhaI sAdho, sataguru nUra tmaam|| kabIra DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 275 / 373. sUra aura unakA sAhitya, pR. 245 / 374. sUrasAgara, 339 / 375. vahI, skandha 1, pada 2 / / 376. vinayapatrikA, 111 vAM pd| 377. jAyasIgranthAvalI, pR.3| 378. samayasAra, 49; nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 36-47 / 379. hiya ke joti dIpavaha sUjhA-jAyasI granthAvalI, pR.51 / 380. jAyasI graMthAvalI, pR. 156 / 381. guru more more hiya diye turaMgama ThATa, vahI, pR.105| 382. nayana jo dekhA kaMbalabhA, niramala nIra sriir| haMsata jo dekha haMsa bhA, dasana joti naga hiir|| vahI, pR. 25 / 383. pravacanasAra, prathama adhikAra, banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 4 384. jAyasI granthamAlA, pR. 301 / 385. jaba lagi guru hauM ahA na ciinhaa| koTi antarapada bIcahiM diinhaa|| jaba cInhA taba aura koii| tana mana jiujIvana saba soii|| 'ho ho' karata dhokha itraahii| jaba bhI siddha kahAM prchaahiiN|| vahI, pR. 105, jAyasI kA padmAvatI kAvya aura darzana, pR. 219-26 / / nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra 23 / 387. pravacanasAra, 64; banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 16-30 //

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485 saMdarbha anukramaNikA 388. uttarAdhyayana, 20:37; hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 36 / 389. paMcAstikAya, 162; nATaka samayasAra, saMvaradvAra, 6, pR. 125 / 390. santo, dhokhA kAMsU khiye| guNa meM niraguNa niraguNa meM gunn| bA~Ta chADi kyUM kahiye? kabIra graMthAvalI, pada 180 / 391. jaina zodha aura samIkSA - pR. 62 / 392. paramAtmaprakAza, 1-25 / 393. pAhur3adohA, 100 / 394. paramAtma prakAza, 1-19 / 395. banArasIvilAsa, zivapaccIsI, 1-25 / 396. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 166 / 397. vahI, pR.151| 398. vahI, pR.116| kabIra granthAvalI, pR.145| 399. nATaka samayasAra, nirjarA dvAra, pR. 210 / / 400. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 241 / vahI, pR.100| 401. kabIra graMthAvalI, paracA ko aMga, 17 / 402. banArasI vilAsa, adhyaatmgiit,16| 403. kabIra-DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 187 / 404. cUnar3I, hastalikhita prati, apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 94 / 405. Anandaghana bahottarI, 32-41 / 406. jogiyA kahAM gayA nehar3I lgaay| chor3a gayA bisavAsa saMghAtI prema kI bAtI braay| mIrA ke prabhu kaba re miloge tuma bina rahyo na jaaii|| mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR.168| dina-dina mahotsava atidhaNA, zrI saMgha bhagati suhaai| mana suddhi zrI gurusevI yaha, jiNI sevyai ziva sukha paai|| jaina aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha kuzala lAbha-53 vaaNpd| 408. adhyAtma gIta, banArasI vilAsa, pR.159-60| 409. bhUdhara vilAsa, 45 vAM pada pR. 25 / 410. kavi vinodIlAla-bArahamAsA saMgraha kalakattA, 42 vAM padya, pR. 24, lakSmIvallabha nemi-rAjula bArahamAsA, pahalA pdy| 407.

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486 411. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA Anandaghana pada saMgraha, AdhyAtmika jJAna prasAraka maNDala bambaI, cauthA pada, pR. 7 412. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhi dvAra 10, 133, pR. 307 / 413. dazabhaktyAdi saMgraha, pR. 181, zloka 14vAM / nATaka samayasAra utthAnikA, 19 vAM padya 414. 415. zAnata rasavAre kaheM, mana ko nivAre raheM, veI prAna pyAre raheM, aura saravAre hai||| brahmavilAsa, Izvara nirNaya paccIsI, 6 vAM kavitta, pR. 253 / jaina zodha aura samIkSA - DaoN. premasAgara jaina, jayapura, pR. 169-208 / 416. 417. Adhunika hindI sAhitya kI vicAradhArA para pAzcAtya prabhAva DaoN. harIkRSNa purohita, pR. 251 / 418. vahI, pR. 241-277 / 419. vizeSa dRSTavya - chAyAvAda aura vaidika darzana -DaoN. prema prakAza rastogI, Adarza sAhitya prakAzana, dillI, 1971 / DO Wan

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(ka) saMskRta 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 10. 11. 12. pariziSTa sahAyaka granthoM kI saMkSipta sUcI 0 adhyAtma rahasya - paM. ASAdhara Rgveda zrIpAda sAtavalekara, aundhanagara, 1940 kaThopaniSad - gItA presa, gorakhapura chAndogyopaniSad - gItA presa, gorakhapura tattvArtha sUtra - mathurA, vI. ni. saM. 2477 puruSArtha siddhayupAya - amRtacandrasUri bhagavad gItA - gItA presa, gorakhapura pANinisUtra - vArANasI samAdhitantra zrI - pUjyapAda, sahAranapura, prathama saMskaraNa, vi. saM. 1996. yogazAstra eziyATika sosAiTI, baMgAla zvetAzvetaropaniSad - gItA presa, gorakhapura zrImadbhAgavata - gItA presa, gorakhapura (kha) pAli - prAkRta - apabhraMza : 1. 2. aSTapAhuDa - saM. paM. pannAlAla jaina, mahAvIrajI therI gAthA - saM. jagadIza kAzyapa, 1956 uttarAdhyayana sUtra - kalakattA, 1937

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488 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA dohA koSa saM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA DaoN. bhAgacandra bhAskara, vArANasI, 2008 dharmabindu haribhadrasUri, sArvajanika pustakAlaya, - * aha. 1951 ThANAMga ahamadAbAda, 1937 kumAracariu saM. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, 1933 paMcAstikAya-kundakundAcArya, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, vI. ni. saM. 2441 paramAtma prakAza - yogIndu muni - saM. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye, bambaI, 1937 - 10. pAhur3a dohA - ( muni rAmasiMha ) kAraMjA, 1933 DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, 11. pravacanasAra - saM. e. ena. upAdhye, bambaI, 1935 12. yogasAra ( yogIndu muni) bambaI, 1937 13. samavAyAMga - rAjakoTa, 1962 14. sAvayadhammadohA ( devasena) - saM. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, kAraMjA, 1932 15. samayasAra ( kundakundAcArya) - kundakunda bhAratI, dillI, 1994 16. saMdesa rAsaka - saM. jinavijaya evaM bhayANI, bambaI, 1945 17. sanmati . tarka prakaraNa - ahamadAbAda 18. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - ahamadAbAda, 1937 - paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala,

Page #505
pariziSTa 489 M - 3 (ga) hindI : adhyAtma padAvalI - saM. rAjakumAra jaina, vArANasI, 1954 ardhakathAnaka (banArasIdAsa)-nAthUrAma premI, bambaI, 1943 apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda - DaoN. vAsudeva siMha, vArANasI, saM.2022 apabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka - DaoN. premacandra jaina, amRtasara - vArANasI AdikAla ke ajJAta hindI rAsakAvya - DaoN. harIza maMgala prakAzana, jayapura, 1974 AdikAla kI prAmANika racanAe~ - DaoN. karizaMkara, ilAhAbAda Adhunika hindI sAhitya kI vicAradhArA para pAzcAtya prabhAva - DaoN. harikRSNa purohita, jayapura, 1974 Anandaghana pada saMgraha - adhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaI Anandaghana bahottarI - paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI uttarI bhArata kI santa paramparA - parazurAma caturvedI 11. upadeza dohAzataka - naI dillI 12. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha - kalakattA, vi. saM. 1994 kabIra darzana - DaoN.rAmajIlAla sahAyaka', lakhanaU, 1962 14. kAvya meM rahasyavAda - DaoN. baccUlAla avasthI, kAnapura, 1965 15. kavitA ratna - bambaI, 1967 16. kabIra - DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, bambaI, 1954 17. kabIra kA rahasyavAda - DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA, san 1921 18. kabIra kI vicAradhArA - DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, kAnapura, 2014 idia 13.

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490 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA kabIra granthAvalI - saM. zyAma sundaradAsa, kAzI, 2013 kabIra vacanAvalI - ayodhyAsiMha kabIra bIjaka - vArANasI kabIra sAhitya kA adhyayana puruSottama lAla, banArasa, 2018 kAvya kalA tathA anya nibandha jayazaMkara prasAda, 29. 30. - ilAhAbAda, 2005 24. jJAnadarpaNa jaina mitra kAryAlaya, bambaI, san 1911 25. gurjara sAhitya saMgraha - saM. munizrI kIrtiyaza vijaya, bambaI 26. gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena - DaoN. hariprasAda gajAnana - - 27. guru grantha sAheba 28. gorakhavAnI saMgraha - var3athyAla, dvi. saMskaraNa gulAla sAhaba kI vAnI - velaveDiyara presa ghanAnanda aura Anandaghana - AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, 2002 chahaDhAlA (daulatarAma) sonagar3ha, vI. ni. saM. 2489 chahaDhAlA (budhajana) lakhanaU, 1998 32. 33. cetana karma caritra bhASA ( bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa), lakhanaU 34. jasa vilAsa - yazovijaya upAdhyAya 35. jAyasI kA padmAvata: DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, 1963 36. jinezvara pada saMgraha - jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA chAyAvAda aura vaidika darzana DaoN. premaprakAza rastogI, dillI, 1971 37. 38. jAyasI granthAvalI, saM. rAmacandra zukla, kAzI

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40. pariziSTa 491 39. jaina aitihAsika kAvya saMcaya - saM. muni jinavijaya, bhAvanagara 1926 jaina kaviyoM kA itihAsa - mUlacaMda vatsala, jayapura jaina kaviyoM ke vajra bhASA prabaMdhakAvyoM kA adhyayana - . DaoN. lAlacanda jaina 42. jaina dharma sAra - saM. jinendra varNI, vArANasI, 1974 43. jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi - DaoN. premasAgara jaina, kAzI 1964 44. jaina kriyA koSa (daulatarAma) - jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA jaina stotra saMgraha - prathama bhAga ahamadAbAda, 1932 jainazataka (bhUdharadAsa) - kalakattA 1935 jaina zodha aura samIkSA - DaoN. premasAgara jaina, jayapura 2496 tulasI ke bhaktyAmaka gIta- DaoN. vacanadeva kumAra dillI, 1964 tulasI granthAvalI - nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI 50. dAdUdayAla kI vAnI - velaveDiyara presa, prayAga 51. daulata jaina pada saMgraha - jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA 52. dohAkoza - saM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, paTanA 2014 dohA paramArtha (rUpacanda) - kalakattA 54. dyAnata pada saMgraha (dyAnatarAya) - jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA 55. dharmaratnodyota (jagamohanadAsa) - bambaI, 1912 56. dharmavilAsa (dyAnata vilAsa) - bambaI, 1914 49. 53.

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492 57. 58. 59. prAcIna 60. phAgu saMgraha - DaoN. bhoM sAMDesarA, baDodarA 1955 nATaka samayasAra (banArasIdAsa), sonagar3ha vi. saM. 2019 61. panthI gIta (chIhala) 64. 65. 62. pravacanasAra paramAgama ( vRndAvana) - bambaI, 1908 63. paramArtha jakaDI saMgraha - kalakattA 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA nAtha sampradAya DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, ilAhAbAda 1950 prAkRta apabhraMza sAhitya aura unakA hindI para prabhAva DaoN. rAmasiMha tomara prayAga 1963 - 73. 74. pArzva purANa (bhUdharadAsa) - bambaI 1975 prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa rekhA 1962 - - banArasIvilAsa (banArasIdAsa), nAnUlAla smAraka granthamAlA, jayapura 2011 bArahamAsA saMgraha - jaina pustaka bhavana, kalakattA bAraha bhAvanA saMgraha jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, agaracanda nAhaTA, bIkAnera, kalakattA budhajana satasaI - jaina pustaka bhavana, kalakattA, 2477 budhajana vilAsa - jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara, nAgapura 1972 - 72. brahmavilAsa (bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa) kAryAlaya bambaI, 1926 bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda - DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa pAMDe, dillI, - jaina grantha ratnAkara 1966 bhacarata kI antarAtmA - anu. vizvambharanAtha tripAThI

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493 79. 80. pariziSTa 75. bhIkhA sAhaba kI vAnI - velaver3iyara presa 76. bhUdharavilAsa (bhUdharadAsa) - jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA 77. madhyakAlIna dharmasAdhanA - DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, ilAhAbAda, 1952 78. saMta kabIra kI sAkhI - veMkaTezvara sundara darzana - DaoN. trilokI nArAyaNa dIkSita, ilAhAbAda, 1953 saMtakAvya - parazurAma caturvedI, ilAhAbAda, 1952 81. saMtasudhAsAra - saM. viyogI hari, naI dillI, 1953 82. sAhityika nibandha - DaoN. tribhuvana siMha, vArANasI, 1970 83. saMta sAhitya - DaoN. sudarzana siMha majIThiyA, dillI, 1962 84. sUra aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN. haravaMzalAla zarmA, alIgar3ha 85. sUra sAhitya - DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, 1993 sUra kI kAvyasAdhanA - DaoN.govindarAma zarmA, dillI, 1970 87. saMta vANI saMgraha siddha sAhitya - DaoN. dharmavIra bhArata, 1955 89. sImaMdhara svAmI stavana (vinayaprabha upAdhyAya) 90.. madhyakAlIna hindI saMta vicAra - DaoN. kaizanI prasAda caurasiyA, ilAhAbAda, 1952 91. madhyakAlIna prema sAdhanA - parazurAma caturvedI, ilAhAbAda, 1965 92. manamodana paMcazatI (chatrapati) - baDavAnI, 2443 93. manarAma vilAsa (manarAma) 94. bhaTTAraka sampradAya - DaoN. vidyAdhara jauharApurakara, solApura, 1958 86. 88.

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA mizra bandhu vinoda - bhAga 1 - 2, lakhanaU, 1984 moha viveka yuddha (banArasIdAsa) - vIra pustaka bhaNDAra, 97. mIrA kI prema sAdhanA - bhuvanezvaranAtha mizra 'mAdhava', dillI 98. mIrA padAvalI - viSNukumAra maMju 99. mIrAbAI - DaoN. prabhAta, bambaI, 1965 100. mohana bahuttarI - varaiyA smRti grantha - DaoN. kundanalAla jaina 101. rahasyavAda - parazurAma caturvedI 102. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva aura kRtitva DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, 103. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, 1-5 104. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja - saM. motIlAla mainAriyA, udayapura, 1942 105. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI sUcI - saM. agaracanda nAhaTA, rAjasthAna, 1954 494 95. 96. - 106. rAmacarita mAnasa - saM. mAtAprasAda gupta, ilAhAbada 107. sUphI mataH sAdhanA rAmapUjana tivArI, vArANasI, 2013 108. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, jayapura 109. raidAsa jI kI vAnI - velaveDiyara presa 110. bRhajjinavANI saMgraha - kalakattA 111. vinatI saMgraha - bambaI 1934 112. vinaya patrikA - gorakhapura 113. hastalikhita hindI granthoM kA pandrahavAM traivArSika vivaraNa kAzI 114. hindI jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, khaNDa 1-3 - DaoN. zitikaNTha mizra, vArANasI, 1997

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pariziSTa 495 115. hindI kAvya dhArA - rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, ilAhAbAda, 1945 116. hindI kAvya meM nirguNa sampradAya - DaoN. chItAmbaradatta vaDathyAla, lakhanaU, 2007 117. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi - ___ DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, kAnapura, 1961 118. hindI jaina sAhitya - DaoN. bhagavAna dAsa tivArI 119. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - nAthUrAma premI, bambaI, 1973 120. hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi - DaoN. premasAgara jaina, kAzI, 1964 121. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana - DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI, kAzI 122. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa - DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina, kAzI, 1947 123. hindI pada saMgraha - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura, 1965 124. hindI sAhitya, dvitIya khaNDa - saM.DaoN.dhIrendra varmA, 2015 125. hindI sAhitya; eka parivRtta - DaoN. zivandana prasAda dvivedI, 1969 126. hindI sAhitya - DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, dehalI 1952 127. hindI sAhitya kA atIta - vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, 2015 128. hindI sAhitya kA udbhava aura vikAsa - DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI 129. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla - DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, paTanA, 2013 130. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - rAmacandra zukla, kAzI, 2009

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA 1 - saM. DaoN. 131. hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa bhAga rAjabalI pANDeya, kAzI, 2014 132. hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyAM khaNDelavAla, AgarA, 1971 DaoN. jayakizana prasAda 133. jAyasI ke paravartI hindI sUphI kavi aura kAvya - DaoN. saralA zukla, lakhanaU, 2013 (gha) vividha patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita zatAdhika nibandha (ca) hastalikhita pratiyoM kA khoja vivaraNa 1. anastamitavrata saMdhi haricanda - jayapura 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. pradyumnacaritra - jayapura 10. pArzvajina stavana 11. manarAmavilAsa - jayapura 12. mithyA dukkar3a - jayapura 13. samAdhi - dillI 14. zivaramaNI vivAha - vadhIcanda maMdira, jayapura 15. zrI cUnarI bhagautIdAsa - mathurA 16. khaTolanA gIta - rUpacaMda, jayapura 17. adhyAtama savaiyA - rUpacanda, jayapura 496 AdIzvara phAgu - jayapura ANaMdA AnaMdatilaka - jayapura karmaghaTAvali - kanakakIrti, jayapura cetana pudgala DhamAla - nAgadA bUMdi caubIsa stuti pATha - bar3auta dhanapAlarAsa - jayapura paMcasahelIgIta - jayapura

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497 19. 21. 23. o taisin x 3 w g varaa pariziSTa 18. phuTakala pada - brahmadIpa, Amera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura upadeza dohAzataka - pAMDe hemarAja, jayapura phuTakala pada - dyAnatarAya, jayapura manakarahArAsa - brahmadIpa, jayapura 22. mAMjhA banArasIdAsa, badhIcanda jaina maMdira, jayapura paramAnanda vilAsa aura pada paMkata - nAgapura (cha) patra patrikAeM anekAMta - dillI kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, vArANasI jaina sandeza (zodhAMka) - mathurA jaina hiteSI, bambaI bhAratIya sAhitya, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya vIravANI, jayapura maru bhAratI, rAjasthAna zramaNa, vArANasI pariSad patrikA, paTanA vraja bhAratI hindustAnI, ilAhAbAda hindI anuzIlana, prayAga rAjasthAna bhAratI koSa jaina saMskRti koza, bhAga 1-3, DaoN. bhAgacaMdra jaina bhAskara, vArANasI, 2004 hindI zabda koSa anandela amarakoza, vArANasI abhidhAna cintAmaNi koza, ratalAma nAmamAlA (banArasIdAsa) - vIra sevA maMdira, dillI ai is in x i

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hindI jaina sAhitya meM rahasyabhAvanA nAgapura pAlikosa saMgaho - saM. DaoN. bhAgacaMda jaina bhAskara, Concise Oxford Dictionary - Oxford, 1961 Agama zabdakoza - saM. yuvAcArya, mahAprajJa, lADanUM, 1980 (T) English (Na) 498 6. 19. j 1. Comperative Religion -A.C. Bonbuet, 1953 Eastern Religion and Western Thought - Dr. S.S. Radhakrashan 2. Mahendran Mysticism in Bhagwadgita atha Sarkar, 1944 Radhakamal Mysticism Theory and Art Mukurji Studies in Vedanta - V. J. Kirtikar, Bombay Mysticism in Religion - Prof. Ranade 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mysticism in Religion Dr. W.R. Inge, Newyark M.G.R. Alliert 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Mystical Phenomena Forges, London, 1926 - - - The Teachings of the Mystices - Walter T. Stace, Newyark, 1960 The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature - Wiliam James, Longmans, 1929 Mysticism in Newyark - Ku. Under Hill Practical Mysticism - Ku. Under Hill Mysticism - Ku. Under Hill Mysticism Dictionaries - Frank Gaynor New Haven - W.E. Hocking Mysticism and Logic 30

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lekhikA-paricaya nAma - prophesara DaoN. puSpalatA jaina janma - sAgara I. san 1941 / zikSA - ema. e. (hindI), ema. e. (bhASAvijJAna), pI-eca. DI. (hindI), pI-eca. DI. (bhASAvijJAna), esa. epha. esa. kaoNleja, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya se sIniyara rIDara evaM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM 2002 meM sevAnivRtta, amerikI saMsthAna ke dvArA vUmena oNpha da iyara 2003 cayanita, vartamAna meM prophesara evaM adhyakSa, apabhraMza hindI evaM bhASAvijJAna, sanmati prAcya zodha saMsthAna, nAgapura meM kaaryrt| pramukha prakAzita pustakeM- 1- hindI jaina sAhitya meM rhsybhaavnaa|| 2- marArI bolI kA bhASA vaijJAnika adhyyn| 3- hindI jaina kAvya prvRttiyaaN|| 4- jaina sAMskRtika cetnaa| 5- bhktigiitaaNjlii| 6- bauddha dohAkoza evaM vividha patra patrikAoM meM lagabhaga 200 nibndh||

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UND saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM kalA prakAzana kalA prakAzana bI. 33/33-e-1, nyU sAketa kAlonI bI. eca. yU., vArANasI-5