Sanskrit Vangamay Kosh Part 01

Author(s): Shreedhar Bhaskar Varneakr
Publisher: Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020649/1

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raskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya poza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMska skata vAhamaya koza saMskata vAhamaya koza saMsthA vAimaya koza saMskaMtavAGmaya koza saMkara vAisaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRtavAlaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAmamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAdamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta taskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vADmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskara skRta vADmaya koza saMskRta bAIsava koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta uskRta bAMdamaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRtavAr3amayakoza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRtavAimaya koza saMskara skRta vADmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozasaMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAhamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRita vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta saMskRta vAGmaya koza skata vADmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskata skRita vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRtavAhamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskara skRtavAhamaya kAzasaskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmayapaOTyAvATakAza saMskRta vAGmaya kAza saskRta vAGmaya kAza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya ghakoza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skatavAhamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozama saMrakara vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRita vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozastraya kAravAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRtavAimaya kozasaMskRtavAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozasaMskRtavAimaya koza saMskRtavAGmaya koza saMskRtavAhamaya koza saMskRtavAhamaya koza saMskRta skRta yAdamaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRtavAdamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kAzasaMskRta vAGmaya kAzasaMskRta vADmayakAza saMskRta vAmaya koza riskRta vADmaya kIza saMskRtapAimaya koza saMskRta tkRita vAGmaya kozasaMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAimaya kAzasaMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRtavAmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAimaya kozasaMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAmaya koza taskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya ko saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koraDA AdharA bhAskarAvaNakaramaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta yAdamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozasaskRta vAGmayakoza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskara skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta pAimaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAhamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kata vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskhAta vAhamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAhamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAimayakoza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmayakoza saMskRta vAhamaya koza saMskRta kozasaMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozamA ha maya kozasaMskRtavAharmaya koza saMskRtaM vAhamaya koza saMskata skRta vADmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAhamaya samaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kRta vAhamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozakata vImayamA ya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAhamaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kazmayakA Gmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kRtavAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAr3amaya ko maya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya ko Dmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vADmaya koza saMskRta kRta bADmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozaESCONvAimaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya kozasaMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza kRita vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kRtavAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kalakalakata vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmayakoza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kozasaMskRtavAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kRta vADmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta skRta vAGmaya kozasaMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta kRtavAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya kAzasaMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmayakoza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta suta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta vAGmaya koza saMskRta For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta vAGmaya koza prathama khaNDa (graMthakAra) saMpAdaka DaoN. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara Di.liT. avakAza prApta saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya ta bhASA bhAratIya RERN variSada prakAzaka bhAratIya bhASA pariSada 36-e, zeksapIyara saraNI kalakattA-700017 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kRtajJatA jJApana bhArata sarakAra ke mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa maMtrAlaya kI AMzika Arthika sahAyatA se prakAzita

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra saMpAdaka DaoN. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara prakAzaka bhAratIya bhASA pariSada 36- e, zeksapIyara saraNI kalakattA - 700017 dUrabhASa : 449962 prathama AvRtti 1100 pratiyAM 1988 mukhapRSTha jayaMta gAvalI mudraka araviMda mArDIkara bhAgyazrI phoToTAipaseTarsa eNDa oNphaseTa prinTarsa 262-sI, utkarSa - abhijita, lakSmInagara, nAgapura - 440022 mudraNa kArya sahayogI pa'pAyuras priMTIMga eNDa paeNkejiMga prADakTas (oNla iMDiyA riporTara li. aMgIkRta) vyaMkaTeza oNphaseTa eskeja skaeNnara maoNDarna buka bAiMDiMga varksa prakAza belUrakara haricaMda mUre dilIpa gAThe mUlya 500 rupaye (dono khaNDoM kA ekatrita mUlya )

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prakAzakIya ___ "saMskRta vAGmaya koza" bhAratIya bhASA pariSada kA sabase mahattvapUrNa aura garimAmaya prakAzana hai| pariSada ne aba taka ke apane sAre prakAzanoM meM eka samanvayAtmaka va sAMskRtika dRSTi ko sAmane rkhaa| pariSada kA pahalA prakAzana 'zatadala' bhArata kI vibhinna bhASAoM se saMgRhIta sau kavitAoM kA saMkalana hai jinako hindI ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA gyaa| isake pazcAt bhAratIya upanyAsa kathAsAra aura bhAratIya zreSTha kahAniyAM isI dRSTi ko Age bar3hAne vAlI prazasta racanAeM siddha huii| kannaDa aura telugu se anUdita "vacanodyAna" aura "vizvambharA" isI paramparA ke aMtargata haiN| prastuta prakAzana "saMskRta vAGmaya koza" surabhAratI saMskRta meM pratibiMbita bhAratIya sAhitya, saMskRti, darzana aura maulika ciMtana ko rASTra vANI hindI ke mAdhyama se prastuta karanevAlI viziSTa kRti hai| saMskRta vAGmaya kI sarjanA meM bhArata ke sabhI prAntoM kA smaraNIya tathA spRhaNIya avadAna rahA hai| isalie sacce arthoM meM saMskRta sarvabhAratIya bhASA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya jitanA prAcIna hai, utanA hI virAT hai| isa vizAlakAya vAGmaya kA sAdhAraNa jijJAsuoM ke lie eka vivaraNAtmaka graMtha prakAzita karane kA vicAra san 1979 meM pariSada ke sAmane aayaa| phira yojanA bnii| para yojanA ko kAryAnvita karane ke lie eka aise vidvAna kI AvazyakatA thI jo saMskRta sAhitya kI prAyaH sabhI vidhAoM ke marmajJa hoM, sampAdana kArya meM kuzala hoM, saMkalana kI prakriyA meM karmaTha hoM aura sAtha hI niSThAvAn bhI hoN| jaba aise suyogya vyakti kI khoja huI to vibhinna sUtroM se eka hI manISI kA nAma pariSada ke samakSa AyA aura vaha hai - DaoN. zrIdhara bhAskara vrnnekr| pariSada para vAgdevI kI jitanI kRpA hai, utanA hI sneha usa devI ke varada putra DaoN. varNekara kA rhaa| pichale sAta varSoM se ve isa kArya meM niraMtara lage rahe aura RSitulya dIkSA se unhoMne isa kArya ko sucAru rUpa se sampanna kiyaa| unhoMne yaha sArA kArya Atma sAdhanA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai aura isake lie Arthika arghya ke rUpa meM pariSada se kucha bhI nahIM liyaa| yaha pariSada kA saubhAgya hai ki itanI prazasta kRti ke lie DaoN. varNekara jaise yogya kRtikAra kI niSkAma sevA upalabdha ho skii| isa gauravapUrNa prakAzana ko surucipUrNa samAja ke sAmane prastuta karate hue bhAratIya bhASA pariSada apane ko gauravAnvita anubhava karatI hai| paramAnanda cUDIvAla For Private and Personal Use Only

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vAGmukha saMsAra kA samasta vAGmaya parama ziva kA vAcika abhinaya hai| mAnava mana ko unmukha banAkara saMgrahaNIya jJAna ko saMprasArita karanevAlA sArasvata sAdhana hI vAk hai jo vyakti ko vyakta karane kI zakti pradAna karatI hai| vAk kabhI nirarthaka nahIM hotI, sadA sArthaka aura sazakta rahatI hai| vAk aura artha kI prAkRtika pratipatti kA prApaMcika pariNAma hI vAGmaya hai| isalie prakRti jitanI purAnI hai, vAGmaya bhI utanA hI purAnA hai| para nitya jIvana meM naisargika rUpa se nigadita isa vAGmaya ko nigamita, niyamita aura niyaMtrita rUpa meM nibaddha karane kA pahalA prayAsa niruktakAra aura nighaMTu-racanA ke unnAyaka yAska kI 'samAmnAya' bhAvanA meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vAGmaya koza kI sabase prAcIna aura pariniSThita parikalpanA yAska kRta "nighaMTu" meM parilakSita hotI hai| yAska se pUrva bhI nighaMTu-racanA kA pramANa milatA hai| zAkapUNi kI racanA meM zabdoM kA saMkalana aura unakA prayojana vivakSA kA viSaya rhaa| para yAska ne pahalI bAra nighaMTu ke sAtha "nirukta" kI parikalpanA kara, zabda ko artha kA vistAra diyA aura artha ko zabda kA Azraya dilaayaa| AkAra meM laghu hone para bhI isa graMtha kA aitihAsika mahattva hai kyoM ki vizva meM upalabdha vAGmaya meM sabase prAcIna koza hone kA gaurava isI graMtha ko prApta hai| yAska se pUrva "nighaNTu" zabda kA prayoga prAyaH bahuvacana meM huA karatA thA--- jaise "nighaNTavaH" kasmAt? "nigamA ime bhavaMti-chAMdobhyaH samAhRtya samAnAtAste nigaMtava eva saMto nigamanAnnighaNTava ucyte|" vizAla vaidika sAhitya se nigamita pada-padArtha kA vAGmaya-bhaNDAra hone ke kAraNa inako nighaNTu kahA gayA aura yAska ke pazcAt yaha zabda koza ke artha meM ekavacana meM rUDha ho gyaa| Aja bhI kucha bhAratIya bhASAoM meM zabdakoza ke artha meM "nighaNTu" zabda kA prayoga bahudhA pracalita hai| yAska kA "nirukta" koza racanA kI prakriyA ko eka nayA AyAma pradAna karatA hai| "nighaNTu" kI zabda-kozIyatA "nirukta" meM jJAna-kozIyatA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| zabda kA sahI aura pUrA jJAna prApta karane se (kevala artha grahaNa karane se nahIM) usake prayoga meM apane Apa pravINatA prApta hotI hai| zabda ko AdhAra banAkara samasta saMgrahaNIya jJAna ko uccarita karane kI isI pravRtti ne saMskRta vAGmaya meM vizvakoza athavA jJAnakoza kI racanAtmaka prakriyA kA bIja boyaa| yAska kA "nirukta" saMbhavataH isa dizA meM pahalA kadama thaa| Adi zaMkarAcArya chAMdogya upaniSad ke bhASya meM nArada aura sanatkumAra ke saMvAda ke prasaMga meM nArada dvArA ullikhita aneka vidyAoM meM se eka 'deva-vidyA' kI vyAkhyA karate hue usako nirukta kI saMjJA dete haiN| isase patA calatA hai ki "nirukta" bhAvanA ke prati zaMkara jaise brahmavettA ke mana meM kitanA Adara thaa| ____ vAstava meM chAMdogya-upaniSad ke isa prakaraNa ko par3hate samaya aisA lagatA hai ki vizva-koza yA jJAna-koza kI bhAvanA ke prathama pravartaka nArada hI the jo ki veda, purANa, kalpa, zAstra, vidyA Adi jJAna kI vibhinna zAkhAoM meM apane ko pAraMgata mAnate the| phira bhI unako bhItara se zAMti nahIM thI kyoM ki unhoMne saba kucha pAyA, para AtmA ko nahIM pahacAna paayaa| isI abhAva kI ora saMketa karate hue sanatkumAra kahate haiM : "tuma jo kucha jAnate ho, vaha kevala nAma hai" (yadvai kiMcidadhyagISThA naamaivaitt)| taba nArada ko patA calatA hai ki "hama jisako jJAna mAna kara usakA samupArjana karate haiM aura usa para garva karate haiM, vaha kevala nAma hai|" nAma zabda meM samasta laukika jJAna samAhita hai| isalie saMskRta vAGmaya ke prAcIna kozakAroM ne nAma kA Azraya lekara jJAna kA prasAra karane kA spRhaNIya kArya kiyA hai| amarasiMha kA "nAma-liMgAnuzAsana", jo "amarakoza" ke nAma se saMsAra bhara meM prasiddha hai, isI paraMparA kI agalI kaDI hai aura bahuta majabUta kar3I hai| "amara-koza" para likhI gaI pacAsa se adhika TIkAeM isakI lokapriyatA, upAdeyatA aura pratyutpannatA ko pramANita karatI haiN| cauthI yA pAMcavI zatI (I.) meM praNIta yaha padyabaddha racanA mUlataH paryAyavAcI zabda koza hai, para vizva-koza ke praNayana kI preraNA bAda meM isI se milI hai| zAzvata kA "anekArtha-samuccaya", halAyudha-koza ke nAma se prasiddha "abhidhAna-ratnamAlA" (dasavIM zatI) yAdavaprakAza kI "vaijayaMtI", hemacandra kA "abhidhAna-cintAmaNi", mahezvara (san 1111 I.) ke do koza "vizvaprakAza' aura "zabdabheda-prakAza", maMkhaka kavi kA "anekArtha" (bArahavIM zatI) ajayapAla kA "nAnArtha-saMgraha" (terahavIM zatI), dhanaMjaya kI "nAmamAlA", kezava svAmI kA "zabdakalpadruma' (terahavIM zatI), medinikara kA "nAnArtha zabda koza" For Private and Personal Use Only

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(medini koza ke nAma se prasiddha) (caudahavIM zatI) Adi aneka koza "amara koza" se preraNA prApta kara praNIta hue| inameM se adhikAMza padya baddha haiN| para inakI dRSTi jJAna kI apekSA zabda para hI adhika thii| kozakAroM kA dhyAna sAmAnya jJAna kI ora AkRSTa karanevAlA prathama prayAsa tarkavAcaspati tArAnAtha bhaTTAcArya ke "vAcaspatyam" (1823) ne kiyA hai| rAjA rAdhAkAMta deva kA "zabda-kalpadruma" (1828-58) bhI isI dRSTi se prastuta thA, para vAcaspatyam kA pramukha svara "vAk" rahA jaba ki zabda kalpadruma kA vivecana zabda kI paridhi se bahuta Age nahIM bar3ha paayaa| itanA to spaSTa hai ki "zabda-kalpadruma" ke "zabda" ko "vAcaspatyam" ne "vAk" kI vizAla paridhi meM prasArita kiyA hai| vAstava meM ye donoM koza apanI-apanI dRSTi meM zabda-koza aura vizva-koza donoM tattvoM ko sAtha lekara rUpAyita hue haiN| sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, taMtra, darzana, saMgIta, kAvya-zAstra, itihAsa, cikitsA Adi aneka viSayoM kA vivecana nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM ina donoM kozoM meM samAviSTa hai| isa prakAra zabda koza ko vAGmaya koza banAne kA pahalA bhAratIya prayAsa ina donoM kozoM meM saMpanna huA hai| yaha prasatratA kI bAta hai ki moniyara viliyamsa, vilsana Adi pAzcAtya tathA vAmana zivarAma ApaTe jaise prAcya vidvAnoM ne isa vAGmaya zabda-sAdhanA ko kAphI Age bddh'aayaa| ApaTe kA "vyAvahArika saMskRta aMgrejI zabda koza" kevala zabda-koza nahIM hai, balki eka prakAra se saMskRta vAGmaya koza kA hI prakArAMtara hai| isameM zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karate samaya kozakAra ne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi prasiddha graMthoM ke atirikta kAvya-sAhitya, smRti-graMtha, zAstra-graMtha, darzana-zAstra Adi saMskRta vAGmaya se saMbaMdhita jJAna kI vibhinna zAkhAoM kA jo sodAharaNa paricaya diyA hai, usase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha kevala zabda koza nahIM hai, balki prAcya vidyA kI pada-nidhi hai| jarmana vidvAna DaoN. rAtha evaM bothaliMka dvArA praNIta jarmana koza "vArTara baca" (1858-75) meM bhI lagabhaga isI prakAra kA prayAsa parilakSita hotA hai| vAstava meM vAmana zivarAma ApaTe ko vAGmayaniSTha zabda-koza kA praNayana karane kI preraNA "vAcaspatyam" aura "vArTara baca" donoM se milI hai jaisA ki unhoMne apane koza kI bhUmikA meM bar3I vinamratA ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA hai| phira bhI saMskRta meM "vAGmaya koza" kI AvazyakatA banI rhii| aMgrejI meM "inasAiklopeDiyA amarIkAnA (1829-33) Adi vizva kozoM ke svarUpa ke anurUpa bhAratIya bhASAoM meM bhI sAhityika tathA sAhityetara vizva-koza dhIre dhIre banane lage haiN| isa zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM isa dizA meM jo kArya huA, usameM vizvabandhu zAstrI kA 'vaidika zabdArtha pArijAta' (1929) prathamataH ullekhanIya hai| isake atirikta zAstrI jI ne "vaidika padAnukrama koza" (sAta khaNDoM meM) 'brAhmaNoddhAra koza', 'upaniSaduddhAra koza' Adi kI bhI racanA kI jo zabda-koza aura vizva-koza ke lakSaNoM se yugapat abhilakSita haiN| isa saMdarbha meM camUpati kA 'vedArtha zabda koza', madhusUdana zarmA kA 'vaidika koza', kevalAnanda sarasvatI kA 'aitareya brAhmaNa AraNyaka koza' aura lakSmaNa zAstrI kA 'dharma zAstra koza' vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| ma.ma.pa. rAmAvatAra zarmA kA "vAGmayArNava" vartamAna zatAbdI kA mahAna koza hai jo san 1967 meM prakAzita huaa| bhArata kI svAdhInatA ke pazcAt lagabhaga sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM Adhunika jJAna-vijJAna se saMbaMdhita saMdarbha-graMthoM kA praNayana bar3I pracuratA ke sAtha hone lagA aura isI prasaMga meM prAyaH pratyeka bhAratIya bhASA meM vizva-kozoM kI racanA huii| telugu bhASA samiti ne 1967 aura 1975 ke bIca meM solaha khaMDoM meM 'vijJAna sarvasvam' ke nAma se bhASA, sAhitya, darzana, itihAsa, bhUgola, bhautikI, rasAyana, vidhi, arthazAstra, rAjanIti Adi aneka viSayoM meM vizva-koza kA prakAzana kiyaa| isI prakAra malayAlama meM 1970 ke AsapAsa 'vizva vijJAna kozam' kA prakAzana huaa| sAhitya pravartaka sahakAra samiti (koTTAyama, kerala) ne yaha kArya sampanna kraayaa| marAThI meM pahale se hI koza kalA ke kSetra meM spRhaNIya kArya huA hai| svataMtratA ke pazcAt. yaha kArya aura adhika niSThA ke sAtha sampanna huaa| paM. mahAdeva zAstrI jozI dvArA saMpAdita "bhAratIya saMskRti koza" vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| hindI meM nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA ne bAraha khaNDoM meM 'hindI vizva koza' kA prakAzana kiyaa| baMgIya sAhitya pariSada dvArA 1973 ke AsapAsa pAMca khaNDoM meM prakAzita "bhArata koza" bhI bhAratIya sAhitya ke jijJAsuoM ke lie atyanta upAdeya hai| sAhitya akAdemI ne hAla hI meM "inasAiklopeDiyA Apha iMDiyana liTarecara" ke nAma se bRhat prakAzana AraMbha kiyA hai| aMgrejI ke mAdhyama se prakAzita sAhitya kozoM meM isakA vizeSa mahattva vhegaa| yaha sArA kArya vigata paccIsa varSoM meM lagabhaga sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM samAna rUpa se sampanna huaa| para vizvakoza kI isa akhila bhAratIya ciMtana dhArA meM saMskRta tanika upekSita rhii| saMskRta sAhitya athavA vAGmaya ko lekara koI vizeSa aura ullekhanIya prayAsa nahIM huaa| phira bhI DA. rAjavaMza sahAya "hIrA" jaise manISiyoM ne isa dizA meM ullekhanIya prayAsa avazya kiyA hai| DA. hIrA ke do koza "saMskRta sAhitya koza" aura "bhAratIya zAstra koza" 1973 meM prakAzita hue| hindI sAhitya rAjanIti Adi aneka sarvasvam' ke nAma se kSetra meM spRhaNIya kArya (koTTAyama, kerala) -70 ke AsapAsa vA bhArata koza koza' kA prakAzana ki ne hAla hI meM For Private and Personal Use Only

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sammelana dvArA do khaNDoM meM prakAzita "hindI sAhitya koza" kI bhAMti ye donoM koza saMskRta vAGmaya ke jijJAsuoM ke lie atyanta upAdeya siddha hue / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kintu samagra saMskRta vAGmaya kA vivecana prastuta karanevAle sarvAMgINa koza kA aba taka eka prakAra se abhAva hI rhaa| saMskRta ke pratiSThita vidvAna aura samarpita kAryakartA DA. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara dvArA sampAdita isa mahatvapUrNa graMtha "saMskRta vAGmaya koza" ke mAdhyama se isa abhAva ko dUra karane kA vinamra prayAsa bhAratIya bhASA pariSada kara rahI hai| yaha pariSada kA ahobhAgya hai ki isa amogha kArya ko sampanna karane ke lie DaoN. varNekara jaise vAGmaya tapasvI kI anargha sevAeM milI haiN| vizvavidyAlaya kI sevA se nivRtta hote hI pariSada ke anurodha para kevala vAGmaya sevA kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara ve isa bRhad yojanA meM pravRtta hue aura pAMca chaha varSoM meM unhoMne yaha mahAna kArya sampanna kiyaa| saMskRta sAhitya aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke prakAMDa vidvAna, samAlocaka, kavi aura ciMtaka hone ke kAraNa DaoN. varNekara isa duSkara kArya ko sukara banA sake, anyathA saMskRta vAGmaya, saMskRta ke prasiddha kozakAra vAmana zivarAma ApaTe ke zabdoM meM, itanA vizAlakAya hai ki koI bhI vyakti cAhe vaha kitanA bhI manISI aura medhAvI kyoM na ho, jIvana bhara sazrama adhyayana karane para bhI samagra rUpa se isameM niSNAta nahIM bana sakatA / vaidika vAGmaya se lekara adhunAtana sRjanAtmaka racanA taka hajAroM varSo se calI A rahI isa virAT paraMparA ko koza kI kaustubha kAyA meM samAviSTa karanA sAdhAraNa kArya nahIM hai aura yahI kArya DaoN. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara ne kiyA hai| isa koza ke do khaNDa haiM graMthakAra khaNDa aura graMtha khaNDa / prathama khaNDa (graMthakAra khaNDa) kI pUrva pIThikA ke rUpa meM "saMskRta vAGmaya darzana" ke nAma se samasta saMskRta vAGmaya ke aMtaraMga kA digdarzana bAraha prakaraNoM meM kiyA gayA hai| prathama khaNDa meM lagabhaga 2700 praviSTiyAM haiM aura dvitIya khaNDa meM 9000 se adhika haiM / graMthakAra khaNDa ke aMtargata graMthoM kA bhI saMkSipta paricaya denA Avazyaka hotA hai jaba ki graMtha khaNDa meM unhIM graMthoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| isase kahIM kahIM punarUkti kA AbhAsa ho sakatA hai| para jahAM taka saMbhava hai, isase koza ko mukta rakhane kA hI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa koza kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM kevala saMskRta sAhitya se saMbaMdhita praviSTiyAM hI nahIM, balki dharma, darzana, jyotiSa, zilpa, saMgIta Adi aneka viSayoM para saMskRta meM racita vizAla tathA vaividhyapUrNa vAGmaya kA saMkSipta paricaya samAviSTa hai isalie yaha kevala saMskRta 'sAhitya' koza na hokara sacce artho meM saMskRta 'vAGmaya' koza hai / isa dRSTi se hindI athavA anya bhAratIya bhASAoM meM yaha apane DhaMga kA pahalA prayAsa hai / yaha sArA kArya niSkAma karmayogI DaoN. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara ne artha-nirapekSa dRSTi se sampanna kara pariSada ko mAna-sammAna pradAna kiyA hai, isalie ve sacce artho meM mAnada aura mAnya haiM / yaha bAta DaoN. varNekara bhI svIkAra karate haiM aura hama bhI bar3I vinamratA ke sAtha nivedita karanA cAhate haiM ki isa koza meM saMskRta vAGmaya ke saMbaMdha meM "bahuta kucha" hone para bhI "saba kucha" nahIM hai / yaha eka mahAna kArya kA zubhAraMbha hai jo ki na samagra hone kA dAvA kara sakatA hai aura na maulika kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha dhyeyaniSTha aura adhyayana sAdhya saMkalana hai jisameM viveka vinaya kA Azraya lekara vikAsa ke patha para Age bar3hanA cAhatA hai / isa mahattvapUrNa prakAzana ko yathocita mahattva dekara stavanIya manodaya se mudraNa kArya ko surucipUrNa DhaMga se saMpanna karAne ke lie bhAgyazrI phoToTAIpaseTarsa eNDa oNphaseTa priMTarsa, nAgapura ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA pariSada apanA kartavya samajhatI hai| bhAratIya bhASA pariSada 36- e, zeksapIyara saraNI, kalakattA-700 017 AzA hai, saMskRta ke vidvAna, adhyetA, premI aura ArAdhaka isa sAdhanA kA svAgata kareMge aura pariSada ke isa prayAsa ko apane "paritoSa" pUrvaka sAdhuvAda se sapratyaya bnaaeNge| For Private and Personal Use Only pAMDuraMga rAva nidezaka

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saMpAdakIya upodghAta prastAvanA :- san 1979 julAI meM nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa pada se avakAza prApta karane ke bAda, pArivArika suvidhA ke nimitta, merA nivAsa baMgalora meM thaa| sevAnivRtti ke kAraNa mile hue avakAza meM apane nijI lekhoM ke punarmudraNa kI dRSTi se saMpAdana athavA punarlekhana karanA, saMgIta kA apUrNa adhyayana pUrA karanA, athavA kucha saMkalpita graMthoM kA likhanA prAraMbha karanA Adi vicAra mere mana meM cala rahe the| isI avadhi meM eka dina mere parama mitra DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave jI kA kalakattA kI bhAratIya bhASA pariSada kI ora se eka patra milA jisameM pariSada dvArA saMkalpita saMskRta vAGmaya koza kA nirmANa karane kI kucha yojanA unhoMne nivedana kI thI aura isa nimitta kucha saMskRtajJa vidvAnoM kI eka anaupacArika baiThaka bhI pariSada ke kAryAlaya meM Ayojita karane kA vicAra nivedita kiyA thaa| isI saMbaMdha meM hamAre bIca kucha patravyavahAra huA jisameM maine yaha bhArI dAyitva svIkArane meM apanI asamarthatA unheM nivedita kI thii| phira bhI saMskRta sevA ke mere apane vrata ke anukUla yaha prakalpa hone ke kAraNa kalakatte meM Ayojita baiThaka meM maiM upasthita rhaa| bhAratIya bhASA pariSada ke saMbaMdha meM mujhe kucha bhI jAnakArI nahIM thii| kalakatte meM pariSada kA suMdara aura suvyavasthita bhavana isa baiThaka ke nimitta pahalI bAra dekhA / sarvazrI paramAnaMda cUr3IvAla, halavAsiyA, DaoN. pratibhA agravAla ityAdi vidyApremI kAryakartAoM se carcA ke nimitta paricaya huaa| sabhI sajjanoM ne saMkalpita "saMskRta vAGmaya koza" ke saMpAdaka kA saMpUrNa dAyitva mujha para sauMpane kA nirNaya liyaa| isa baiThaka meM Ane ke pUrva mere apane jo saMkalpa cala rahe the, unheM kuNThita karane vAlA yaha nayA bhArI dAyitva, jisakA mujhe kucha bhI anubhava nahIM thA, svIkArane meM maine apanI ora se kucha anutsukatA btaaii| merI sUcanA ke anusAra saMpAdana meM sahAyyaka kA kAma, vArANasI ke mere mitra paM. narahara govinda baijApurakara jo usa baiThaka meM AmaMtraNAnusAra upasthita the, para sauMpane kA tathA saMskRta vAGmaya koza kA kAryAlaya vArANasI meM rakhane kA vicAra mAnya huaa| vArANasI meM isa prakAra ke kArya ke lie Avazyaka manuSyabala tathA anya sabhI prakAra kA sahAya milane kI saMbhAvanA adhika mAtrA meM ho sakatI hai, yaha socakara maiMne yaha sujhAva pariSada ke pramukha kAryakartAoM ko prastuta kiyA thaa| isa kArya meM yathAvazyaka mArgadarzana tathA sahayoga dene ke lie, yathAvasara vArANasI meM nivAsa karane kA merA vicAra bhI sabhA meM maMjUra huaa| merI dRSTi se kozakArya kA merA vaiyaktika bhAra, isa yojanA kI svIkRti se kucha halakA sA ho gayA thaa| hamArI yaha yojanA kAzI meM saphala nahIM ho paaii| 8-10 mahInoM kA avasara bIta cukaa| pariSada kI ora se dUsarI baiThaka huI jisameM kAzI kA kAryAlaya baMda karane kA aura merA sthAyI nivAsa nAgapura meM hone ke kAraNa, nAgapura meM isa kArya kA "punazca hariHom" karane kA nirNaya hameM lenA pdd'aa| dinAMka 1 apraila 1982 ko nAgapura meM koza kA kAryAlaya zurU huaa| isa abhAvita dAyitva ko nibhAne ke lie "mitrasaMprApti" se prAraMbha huaa| vArANasI aura nAgapura meM sabhI dRSTi se bahuta aMtara hai| kAzI kI saMskRta paraMparA anAdisiddha hai| nAgapura kI kula Ayu mAtra do-DhAisau varSoM kI hai| koza hindI bhASA meM karanA thaa| nAgapura kI pramukha bhASA marAThI hai| purAne dvaibhASika madhyapradeza kI rAjadhAnI jaba taka nAgapura meM rahI, taba taka hindI kA pracAra aura prabhAva kucha mAtrA meM dikhAI detA thaa| ataH hindI bhASA ke vizeSajJa sahakArI nAgapura meM milanA sulabha nahIM thaa| nAgapura kI apanI sImita sI saMskRta paraMparA bhI hai paraMtu hindI bhASI athavA hindI jJAnI saMskRtajJa unameM nahIM ke barAbara haiN| svayaM maiM hindI meM lekhana bhASaNa Adi vyavahAra kaI varSoM se karatA hU~, paraMtu hindI bhASA yA sAhitya kA vidhivat adhyayana maine kabhI nahIM kiyaa| kahane kA tAtparya, nAgapura meM saMskRta vAGmaya koza kA saMpAdana aura vaha bhI hindI mAdhyama meM karanA, mere lie jamIna para nAva calAne jaisA durghaTa kArya thaa| nAgapura meM isa kArya meM jinakA sahakArya mujhe mila sakA ve haiM - pra.mu.sakadeva, nA.ga.vajhe, DaoN.lInA rastogI, DaoN. kusuma paToriyA, DaoN. gu.vA.piMpaLApure, DaoN. bhAgacaMdra jaina, satyapAla paTAIta, padmAkara bhATe, nA.go.dIkSita, zrImatI uSA mahAMkAla, zrImatI zobhA For Private and Personal Use Only

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dezapAMDe ina sabhI sahAyakoM kA maiM hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| lekhakoM ke hastalikhita sAmagrI kA TaMkana karane kA kArya mere mitra zrI. natthUprasAda tivArI tathA zrI. roTakara ne nitya niyamitatA se kiyaa| isa saMpAdana kArya ke lie vividha prakAra ke graMthoM kI AvazyakatA thii| sabhI graMtha kharIdanA asaMbhava aura anucita bhI thaa| pariSada kI ora se kucha graMtha kharIde ge| bAkI graMthoM kA sahAya nAgapura ke suprasiddha hindu dharma saMskRti maMDala tathA bhosalA vedazAstra mahAvidyAlaya, tathA anya vyaktiyoM evaM graMthAlayoM se yathAvasara milatA rhaa| koza kA sAmAnya svarUpa ___ koza saMpAdana eka aisA kArya hai ki jisameM svayaMprajJA kA koI mahattva nahIM hotaa| saMpAdaka ko apanI jo bhI praviSTiyAM lenI ho athavA una praviSTiyoM meM jo bhI jAnakArI saMgRhIta karanI ho, vaha sArI pUrva prakAzita graMthoM ke mAdhyama se saMcita karanI par3atI hai| isa dRSTi se prastuta koza ke saMpAdana ke lie aneka pUrvaprakAzita mAnyatAprApta vidvAnoM ke koza tathA vAGmayetihAsAtmaka graMthoM kA Alocana kiyA gyaa| una sabhI graMthoM kA nirdeza saMdarbha graMthoM kI sUcI meM kiyA hai| pUrva sUriyoM ke anekavidha graMthoM se udhAra mAla masAlA lekara hI koza graMthoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| tadanusAra hI isa saMskRta vAGmaya koza kI racanA huI hai| isameM hamArI koI maulikatA nhiiN| saMkalana, saMkSepa, saMzodhana evaM saMpAdana yahI hamArA isameM yogadAna hai| saMskRta vAGmaya kI zAkhAeM vividha prakAra kI haiN| unameM se anyAnya zAkhAoM meM antabhUrta graMtha evaM graMthakAroM kA pRthakkaraNa na karate hue, ekatrita tathA savistara paricaya denevAle vividha koza tathA aitihAsika aura sAhityika dRSTikona se vivecana karane vAle tathA paricaya dene vAle vAGmayetihAsAtmaka graMtha, pAzcAtya saMskRti kA saMparka Ane ke pazcAt, pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne nirmANa kie haiN| una graMthoM meM una vAGmaya zAkhAoM ke antargata graMtha tathA graMthakAroM kA savistara paricaya milatA hai| prastuta koza ke pariziSTa meM aise aneka kozAtmaka tathA itihAsAtmaka graMthoM ke nAma mileNge| prastuta saMskRta vAGmaya koza kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM saMskRta vAGmaya kI prAyaH sabhI zAkhAoM meM yogadAna karane vAle graMtha evaM graMthakAroM kA ekatra saMkalana huA hai| isa prakAra kA "sarvaMkaSa" saMskRta vAGmaya koza karane kA prayAsa abhI taka anyatra kahIM nahIM huaa| isa vAGmaya koza meM vividha prakAra kI truTiyAM vizeSajJoM ko avazya milegii| hamArI apanI asamarthatA ke kAraNa hama svayaM una truTiyoM ko jAnate hue bhI dUra nahIM kara ske| phira bhI una truTiyoM ke sAtha isa graMtha kI yahI eka apUrvatA hama kaha sakate haiM ki yaha saMskRta ke kevala lalita athavA dArzanika zAstrIya yA vaidika sAhitya kA koza nahIM api tu una sabhI prakAra ke graMthoM tathA unake vidvAna lekhakoM kA ekatrita paricaya dene vAlA hindI bhASA meM nirmita prathama koza hai| isake pahale isa prakAra kA prayAsa na hone ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiN| unameM pahalA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAratIya bhASA pariSada jaisI dUsarI koI saMsthA isa prakAra kA kArya karane ke lie udyukta nahIM huii| dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki Aja 20 vIM zatI ke aMtima caraNa meM jitane vividha prakAra ke koza, itihAsa, zodhaprabaMdha ityAdi upakAraka graMtha upalabdha ho sakate haiM, utane 1960 ke pahale nahIM the| aba isa dizA se saMskRta vAGmaya ke vividha kSetroM meM paryApta kArya nae vidvAna kara rahe haiN| ho sakatA hai ki isI koza ke saMzodhita aura sudhArita AgAmI saMskaraNa kA kArya karanevAle bhAvI saMpAdaka, yahAM kI sabhI praviSTiyoM ke antargata adhika jAnakArI (aura vaha bhI doSarahita) dekara, saMskRta vAGmaya koza kI isa naI dizA meM adhika pragati avazya kreNge| saMskRta vAGmaya kI vividha zAkhAoM evaM upazAkhAoM ke antargata adhika se adhika graMthakAroM tathA graMthoM kA AvazyakamAtra paricaya saMkSepataH saMkalita karane kA prayAsa, isa koza ke saMpAdana meM avazya huA hai| ati prAcIna kAla se lekara 1985 taka ke pradIrgha kAlakhaMDa meM hue pramukha graMthoM aura graMthakAroM ko koza kI sImita vyApti meM samAne kA prayAsa karate hue isameM apekSita sarvaMkaSatA nahIM A sakI, tathApi sabhI vAGmaya zAkhAoM kA antarbhAva isameM huA hai| vaise dekhA jAe to praviSTiyoM meM diyA huA paricaya bhI saMkSiptatama hI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya meM aise aneka graMtha aura graMthakAra haiM ki jinakA paricaya saikar3oM pRSThoM meM pRthak graMthoM dvArA vidvAna lekhakoM ne diyA hai| Adhunika lekhakoM meM bhI aise aneka graMthakAra aura graMtha haiM ki jinakA paricaya saikar3oM pRSThoM ke graMthoM meM dene yogya hai| kaI graMthoM aura graMthakAroM para bRhatkAya zodhaprabaMdha abhI taka likhe gae haiM aura Age calakara likhe jaaveNge| isa avasthA meM isa koza kI praviSTiyoM meM paricaya dete hue kiyA huA gAgara meM sAgara bharane kA prayAsa dekhakara "mahAjanaH smeramukho bhaviSyati" yaha tathya hamArI dRSTi se ojhala nahIM huA hai| parantu For Private and Personal Use Only

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adhika se adhika graMthoM evaM graMthakAroM kA Avazyakatama paricaya maryAdita pRSThasaMkhyA meM denA yahI uddezya rakha kara hamane yaha saMpAdana kiyA hai| isI saMkSepa kI dRSTi se yathAsaMbhava lekhakoM ke nAmanirdeza meM zrI, pUjyapAda ityAdi AdarArthaka upAdhivAcaka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kahIM bhI nahIM kiyaa| paraMtu nAmanirdeza sarvatra AdarArthI bahuvacana meM hI kiyA hai| pAzcAtya lekhakoM ke anukaraNa ke kAraNa hamAre graMthakAra prAcIna RSi, muni, AcArya tathA santoM kA nAma nirdeza ekavacanI zabdoM meM karate haiN| prastuta koza meM usa prathA ko tor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai| graMthakAroM ke mAtA, pitA, guru, samaya, nivAsasthAna ityAdi kA nirdeza "inake pitA kA nAma --- thA aura mAtA kA nAma --- yA" isa prakAra kI vAkyoM kI punarukti TAlane ke lie, vAkyoM meM na karane kA prayatna sarvatra huA hai| isameM apavAda bhI mila skeNge| yaha saMskRta vAGmaya kA hI koza hone ke kAraNa prAyaH pratyeka praviSTi meM saMskRta vacanoM ke kaI avataraNa denA saMbhava thaa| kucha praviSTiyoM meM, saMskRta avataraNa die gae haiN| paraMtu prAyaH sabhI avataraNoM ke sAtha hindI anuvAda diyA gayA hai| apavAda kRpayA kSantavya hai| hindI bhASA kI, anyAnya prakAra kI zailiyAM hai| yaha saMskRta vAGmaya kA koza hone ke kAraNa bhASA kA svarUpa saMskRtaniSTha hI rakhA gayA hai| sAtha hI isa koza ke aneka pAThaka hindI ke vizeSajJa na hone kI saMbhAvanA dhyAna meM lete hue, sugama evaM subodha zabdaprayoga karane kA yathAzakti prayAsa huA hai| prAcIna vikhyAta saMskRta lekhakoM ke jIvana caritra prAyaH ajJAta hI rahe haiN| tathApi kucha mahAnubhAvoM ke saMbaMdha meM udbodhaka evaM mArmika dantakathAe~ Aja taka sarvavidita huI haiN| inameM se kucha kathAoM meM aitihAsika tathyAMza tathA usa vyakti ke vyaktitva ke kucha vaiziSTya vyakta hone kI saMbhAvanA mAna kara, hamane isa koza meM una kiMvadantiyoM kA saMkSepataH antarbhAva kiyA hai| vizeSa kara mahAkavi kAlidAsa aura bhoja ke saMbaMdha meM ballAlakavi kRta bhojaprabandha ke kAraNa, isa prakAra kI kiMvadantiyoM kI saMkhyA kAphI bar3I hai| ataH kucha sthAnoM meM kiMvadantiyoM kI saMkhyA adhika dikhAI degii| jina pAThakoM ko vahA~ anaucitya kA AbhAsa hogA unase hama kSamA cAhate haiN| kaI graMthakAroM ke viSaya meM ullekhanIya jAnakArI nahIM prApta ho skii| aise sthAnoM meM kevala unake dvArA likhita graMthoM kA nAmanirdeza mAtra kiyA hai| __jinake samaya kA pUrNatayA (janma se mRtyu taka) patA nahIM calA, unakA samaya nirdeza prAyaH IsavI zatI meM kiyA hai| kvacit vikrama saMvat tathA zAlivAhana zaka kA bhI nirdeza mila skegaa| vaidika sUktoM ke draSTA mAne gae RSiyoM ko graMthakAra hI mAna kara unakA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| aisI RSiviSayaka sabhI praviSTiyoM kI sAmagrI paM. mahAdevazAstrI jozI kRta bhAratIya saMskRtikoza (10 khaMDa-marAThI bhASA meM) se lI gaI hai| vedoM kA nirapavAda apauruSeyatva mAnane vAle bhAvuka vidvAna una praviSTiyoM ko sahiSNutApUrvaka pddh'e| saMskRta vAGmaya kA prAcIna kAlakhaMDa bahuta bar3A hone ke kAraNa, tathA usa kAlakhaMDa ke viSaya meM alpamAtra aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha hone kAraNa saikar3oM graMtha aura graMthakAroM ke sthala-kAla ke saMbaMdha meM tIvra matabheda haiN| gata zatAbdI meM anekoM videzI aura dezI vidvAnoM ne una viSayoM meM akhaNDa vAda-vivAda karate hue eka-dUsare kA mata khaNDana kiyA hai| ataH unameM se eka bhI mata zata-pratizata grAhya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| prastuta koza meM una vivAdoM dvArA jo pradhAna matabheda vyakta hue haiM unakA saMkSepa meM nirdeza kiyA hai| kisI bhI mata kA khaNDana yA samarthana yahAM hamane nahIM kiyA aura una vivAdoM ke viSaya meM hamArA apanA koI bhI abhiprAya vyakta nahIM kiyaa| graMthakAroM kI bhASA aura zailI kA varNana, "prAsAdika, alaMkArapracura, rasAI, pANDityapUrNa' isa prakAra ke rUDha vizeSaNoM ko TAlakara kiyA hai| sarvatra punarukti aura vistAra TAlanA yahI isameM hamArA hetu hai| bhASA tathA zailI kI vizeSatA dikhAnevAle udAharaNa aura unake hindI anuvAda dene se graMtha kA kalevara dasa gunA bar3ha jaataa| kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti, bANabhaTTa, mAgha, harSa, bhAravi, ityAdi zreSTha graMthakAra tathA unakA anusaraNa karane vAle saikar3oM uttarakAlIna graMthakAroM ke kAvya, nATaka, campU, kathA, AkhyAyikA ityAdi prabaMdhoM se unake sAhitya guNoM kA paricaya ho sakatA hai| tAtparya isa koza meM graMthoM kA paricaya mAtra hai paryAlocana nhiiN| paryAlocana prabaMdhoM kA kArya hai koza kA nhiiN| graMthakAroM ke janma aura mRtyu kI tithi ke saMbaMdha meM jahA~ mila sake vahA~ unakA ullekha huA hai| paraMtu jahA~ nizcita ullekha saMdarbha graMthoM meM nahI mile vahA~ kevala I. zatAbdI meM unakA samaya nirdiSTa kiyA hai| graMthakAra ke janma mRtyu kI tithi na milane para bhI graMthalekhana kA samaya jahA~ mila sakA vahA~ usakA nirdeza huA hai| jina praviSTiyoM meM mAtA, pitA, samaya, sthala ityAdi viSaya meM kucha bhI jAnakArI nahIM mila sakI aise lekhakoM ke saMbaMdha For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM, "inake bAre meM kucha bhI jAnakArI nahIM milatI''- isa prakAra kA vAkya na likhate hue mauna svIkAra kiyA hai| anyathA usI vAkya kI punarukti aneka sthAnoM para karanI par3atI, jisase koza kI mAtra akSarasaMkhyA bar3ha jaatii| kucha praviSTiyoM meM, nivedana ke antargata vAkyoM se hI sthala, kAla kA anumAna sahajatA se ho jAtA hai| aisI praviSTiyoM meM sthala-kAla Adi nirdeza pRthaktA se hamane nahIM kiyaa| graMthakAra ke viziSTa nivAsasthAna kI jAnakArI jahA~ nahIM milI aise sthAnoM meM usake pradeza kA nirdeza kiyA hai| guru paraMparA ko hamArI saMskRti meM vizeSa mahattva hone ke kAraNa prAyaH sarvatra guru kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vedazAkhA aura gotra tathA AzrayadAtA kA bhI yathAsaMbhava nirdeza karane kA sarvatra prayAsa huA hai| graMthakAra khaMDa kI praviSTiyoM meM graMthakAroM ke jitane graMthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai una sabhI graMthoM kA paricaya koza ke graMtha khaMDa meM nahIM milegaa| paraMtu graMtha khaMDa meM jina graMthoM ke saMkSepataH paricaya die haiM unake lekhakoM kA graMthakAra khaMDa meM saMbhavataH paricaya milegaa| isa niyama meM bhI apavAda bharapUra haiM aura ina apavAdoM kA kAraNa hai hamArI sImita zakti evaM jAnakArI kI anuplbdhi| Adhunika mahArASTra meM kulanAmoM kA pracAra adhika hone ke kAraNa prAyaH sabhI mahArASTrIya graMthakAroM kA nirdeza kulanAma, vyaktinAma aura pitRnAma isa krama se kiyA hai| (jaise ketakara, vyaMkaTeza baapuujii)| paraMtu prAcIna graMthakAroM kI praviSTiyoM meM isa niyama ke apavAda mileNge| isa koza meM hastalikhita evaM ullikhita graMthoM tathA graMthakAroM kA paraciya prAyaH nahIM diyA hai| isa niyama ke bhI kucha apavAda mileNge| Adhunika dAkSiNAtya samAja meM nAmoM kA nirdeza, e.bI.sI. ityAdi aMgrejI varNoM kA prayoga kulanAma yA mUla nivAsasthAna ke AdyAkSara kI sUcanA ke hetu upayoga meM lAyA jAtA hai| ataH Adhunika dAkSiNAtya graMthakAroM ke nAmoM kI praviSTI una aMgrejI AdyAkSaroM ke anusAra kI hai| jaise bI. zrInivAsa bhaTTa yaha praviSTi ba ke anukrama meM milegii| isa koza ke graMthakAra khaMDa meM kevala saMskRta bhASA ko hI jinhoMne apanI vAGmaya sevA kA mAdhyama rakhA aise hI graMthakAroM kA ullekha abhipreta hai| phira bhI hindI, marAThI, baMgalA, tamila, telugu ityAdi prAdezika bhASAoM ke jina khyAtanAma lekhakoM ne saMskRta meM bhI kucha vAGmaya sevA kI hai, unakA bhI ullekha yathAvasara graMthakAra khaMDa meM huA hai| 19 vIM zatAbdI se jina pAzcAtya paMDitoM ne saMskRta vAGmaya ke kSetra meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna zodhakArya ke dvArA kiyA hai, unameM se kucha viziSTa mahAnubhAvoM ke paricaya graMthakAra khaMDa meM mileNge| pAzcAtya paddhati se prabhAvita kucha Adhunika bhAratIya lekhakoM kA bhI isI prakAra nirdeza huA hai / aisI praviSTiyAM apavAda svarUpa samajhanI caahie| koza kI pratyeka praviSTi ke sAtha saMdarbha graMthoM kA nirdeza isa lie nahIM kiyA ki usa nimitta viziSTa graMthoM kA nirdeza bAraMbAra hotA aura usa punarukti se akAraNa akSarasaMkhyA meM vRddhi hotii| praviSTiyoM meM antarbhUta jAnakArI anyAnya graMthoM se saMkalita kI hai aura usakA anAvazyaka bhAga chAMTa kara saMkSepa meM likhI gaI hai| aneka praviSTiyoM meM AdhArabhUta graMthoM ke vAkya yathAvat mileNge| unake lekhakoM ko hama abhivAdana karate hai| anavadhAna tathA anupalabdhi ke kAraNa kucha mahattvapUrNa praviSTiyoM ke anullekha ke lie tathA kucha upekSaNIya praviSTiyoM ke antarbhAva ke lie sujJa pAThaka kSamA kreNge| bhrama aura pramAda mAnavI buddhi ke svAbhAvika doSa haiN| hama apane ko una doSoM se mukta nahIM smjhte| phira bhI praviSTiyoM ke antargata jAnakArI meM jo bhI truTiyAM athavA sadoSatA vizeSajJoM ko dikhegI, usakA kAraNa jina graMthoM ke AdhAra para usa jAnakArI kA saMkalana huA ve hamAre AdhAra graMtha haiN| praviSTiyoM meM prAyaH apUrNa sI vAkyaracanA dikhegii| anAvazyaka zabdavistAra kA saMkoca karane ke lie yaha TeligrAphika (tAravat) vAkyapaddhati hamane apanAI hai| saMskRta graMthoM ke nAma mUlataH vibhaktyanta hote haiN| paraMtu isa koza meM graMthanAmoM kA nirdeza vibhakti pratyaya virahita kiyA hai| jaise abhijJAna- zAkuMtala, kirAtArjunIya, brahmasUtra, ityaadi| saMskRta vAGmaya darzana - sAmAnya rUparekhA prastuta koza kA saMpAdana tathA saMkalana do vibhAgoM meM karane kA saMkalpa prAraMbha se hI thA, tadanusAra donoM khaNDa eka sAtha prakAzita ho rahe haiM- prathama khaNDa meM graMthakAroM kA aura dvitIya khaNDa meM granthoM kA paricaya varNAnukrama se grathita huA hai| kintu isa sAmagrI ke sAtha aura bhI kucha atyAvazyaka sAmagrI kA cayana donoM khaDoM meM kiyA hai| prathama khaNDa ke prAraMbhika vibhAga ke aMtargata "saMskRta vAGmaya darzana" kA samAveza huA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya ke antargata, saikar3oM lekhakoM ne jo maulika vicAradhana vidyArasikoM ko samarpaNa kiyA, usakA samekita paricaya viSayAnukrama se denA yahI isa vAGmayadarzanAtmaka vibhAga kA uddezya hai| saMskRta vAGmaya kA vaiziSTyapUrNa vicAradhana hI bhAratIya saMskRti For Private and Personal Use Only

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kA parama nidhAna hai| sadiyoM se lekara isI vicAradhana ke kAraNa saMskRta bhASA kI aura bhArata bhUmi kI pratiSThA sAre saMsAra meM sarvamAnya huI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kA utsa yahI vicAradhana hone ke kAraNa, isa saMskRti kA AtmasvarUpa tattvataH jAnane kI icchA rakhanevAle saMsAra ke sabhI manISI aura medhAvI sajjana, saMskRta bhASA tathA saMskRta vAGmaya ke prati nitAnta AsthA rakhate Ae haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya ke isa vicAradhana kA paricaya mUla saMskRta graMthoM ke mAdhyama se karane kI pAtratA rakhane vAloM kI saMkhyA, saMskRta bhASA kA adhyayana karane vAloM kI saMkhyA ke hAsa ke sAtha, tIvra gati se ghaTatI gii| isa mahatI kSati kI pUrti karane kA kArya gata sau varSoM meM, saMskRta vAGmaya ke viziSTa aMgoM evaM upAMgoM kA vistArapUrvaka yA saMkSepAtmaka paryAlocana karanevAle uttamottama graMtha nirmANa kara, aneka manISiyoM ne kiyA hai| saMsAra kI sabhI mahattvapUrNa bhASAoM meM isa prakAra ke suprasiddha graMtha paryApta mAtrA meM abhI taka nirmANa ho cuke haiM aura Age bhI hote rheNge| unameM se kucha alpamAtra graMthoM para yaha "saMskRta vAGmaya darzana'' kA vibhAga AdhArita hai| isameM hamAre abhiniveza kA AbhAsa yatra-tatra honA anivArya hai, kintu hamArA Agrahayukta nijI abhimata yA abhiprAya prAyaH kahIM bhI nahIM diyA gyaa| saMskRta vAGmaya ke antargata vividha zAkhA- upazAkhAoM ke graMtha evaM graMthakAroM kA saMkSepita aura samekita paricaya ekatrita upalabdha karane ke lie "saMskRta vAGamaya darzana" kA vibhAga isa koza ke prathama khaNDa ke prArambha meM jor3A gayA hai, jisameM prakaraNazaH - (1) saMskRta bhASA kA vaiziSTya, (2) maMtra, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka aura upaniSad svarUpa samagra vedavAGmaya kA paricaya tathA vedakAla, Aryo kA kapolakalpita AkramaNa, paraMparAvAdI bhAratIya vaidika vidvAnoM kI vedaviSayaka dhAraNA ityAdi avAMtara viSayoM kA bhI darzana karAyA hai| (3) vedAMga vAGmaya kA paricaya dete hue kalpa arthAt karmakANDAtmaka vedAMga ke sAtha hI smRtiprakaraNAtmaka uttarakAlIna dharmazAstra kA paricaya jor3A hai| vAstava meM smRti-prakaraNakAroM kA dharmazAstra, kalpa-vedAMgAntargata dharmasUtroM kA hI upabaMhita svarUpa hai, ataH kalpa ke sAtha vaha viSaya hamane saMyojita kiyA hai| isI prakaraNa meM vyAkaraNa vedAMga kA paricaya dete hue nirukta, prAtizAkhya, pANinIya vyAkaraNa, apANinIya vyAkaraNa, vaiyAkaraNa paribhASA aura dArzanika vyAkaraNa ityAdi bhASAzAstra se saMbaMdhita avAMtara viSaya bhI samekita kie haiN| chadaHzAstra ke samakakSa hone ke kAraNa uttarakAlIna gaNa-mAtrA chaMda evaM saMgIta-zAstra kA paricaya vahIM jor3a kara usa vedAMga kI vyApti hamane bar3hAI hai| usI prakAra jyotirvijJAna ke sAtha AyurvijJAna (yA Ayurveda) aura zilpa-zAstra ko ekatrita karate hue, saMskRta ke vaijJAnika vAGmaya kA paricaya diyA hai| yaha heraphera viSaya-gaThana kI suvidhA ke lie hI kiyA hai| hamArI isa saMyojanA ke viSaya meM kisI kA matabheda ho sakatA hai| (4) purANa-itihAsa viSayaka prakaraNa meM aThAraha purANoM ke sAtha rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ina itihAsa graMthoM ke aMtaraMga kA evaM tadviSayaka kucha vivAdoM kA svarUpa kathana kiyA hai| mahAbhArata kI saMpUrNa kathA parvAnukrama ke anusAra dI hai| pratyeka parva ke aMtargata vividha upAkhyAnoM kA sArAMza usa parva ke sArAMza ke aMta meM pRthak diyA hai| mahAbhArata kA yaha sArA nivedana atIva saMkSepa meM "mahAbhAratasAra" graMtha (3 khaMDa- prakAzaka zrI. zaMkararAva saranAIka, pusada- mahArASTra) ke AdhAra para kiyA huA hai| prastuta "mahAbhAratasAra" Aja duSprApya hai| uttarakAlIna saMskRta sAhitya meM vividha aitihAsika AkhyAyikAoM, ghaTanAoM evaM caritroM para AdhArita aneka kAvya, nATaka campU tathA upanyAsa likhe gye| isa prakAra ke aitihAsika sAhitya kA paricaya bhI prastuta purANa-itihAsa viSayaka prakaraNa ke sAtha saMyojita kiyA hai| ___(5-8) dArzanika vAGmaya ke vicAroM kA paricaya (a) nyAya-vaizeSika, (A) sAMkhya-yoga, (i) taMtra aura (I) mImAMsA- vedAnta ina vibhAgoM ke anusAra, prakaraNa 5 se 8 meM diyA hai| isameM nyAya ke antargata bauddha aura jaina nyAya kA vihaMgAvalokana kiyA hai| yoga viSaya ke aMtargata pAtaMjala yogasUtrokta vicAroM ke sAtha haThayoga, bauddhayoga, bhaktiyoga, karmayoga aura jJAnayoga kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| 9 veM prakaraNa meM vedAnta paricaya ke antargata zaMkara, rAmAnuja, vallabha, madhva aura caitanya jaise mahAna tattvadarzI jJAniyoM ke niSkarSabhUta dvaita-advaita ityAdi siddhAntoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI ina siddhAntoM para AdhArita vaiSNava aura zaiva saMpradAyoM kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| ina sabhI darzanoM ke vicAroM kA paricaya una darzanoM ke mahattvapUrNa pAribhASika zabdoM ke vivaraNa ke mAdhyama se dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| darzana-zAstroM ke vyApaka vicAra pAribhASika zabdoM meM hI saMpiNDita hote haiN| eka choTI sI dIpikA ke samAna ve vistIrNa artha ko Alokita karate haiN| pAribhASika zabdoM kA yaha anokhA mahattva mAnate hue darzana zAstroM ke vicAroM kA svarUpa pAThakoM ko avagata karAne ke hetu hamane yaha paddhati apanAyI hai|| (9) jaina-bauddha vAGmaya viSayaka prakaraNa meM una dharmamatoM kI dArzanika vicAradhArA evaM tatsaMbaMdhita kAvya-kathA stotra Adi lalita saMskRta sAhitya kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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(11) nATya-zAstra evaM nATya-sAhitya viSayaka prakaraNoM meM dazarUpaka ityAdi zAstrIya graMthoM meM pratipAdita vividha nATakIya viSayoM ke sAtha sampUrNa saMskRta nATya vAGmaya kA viSayAnusAra tathA rUpaka prakArAnusAra vargIkaraNa diyA hai| isameM arvAcIna saMskRta nATakoM kA bhI parAmarza kiyA gayA hai| (12) aMta meM lalita sAhitya ke antargata mahAkAvyAdi sAre kAvya prakAroM kA parAmarza karate hue saMskRta subhASita saMgrahoM aura vividha prakAra ke kozagrathoM kA paricaya diyA hai| 17 vIM zatI ke pazcAt nirmita saMskRta sAhitya, purAne paryAlocanAtmaka vAGmayetihAsa ke graMthoM meM upekSita rhaa| svarAjyaprApti ke bAda isa kAlakhaMDa meM likhita saMskRta sAhitya kA samAlocana "arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya" "Adhunika nATyavAGmaya' ityAdi vividha prabandhoM dvArA huaa| arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya ko aba vidvatsamAja meM mAnyatA prApta huI hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM sabhI prakAra ke arvAcIna graMthoM kA tathA patra-patrikAoM evaM upanyAsoM kA parAmarza kiyA hai| "saMskRta vAGmaya darzana" ke vibhAga meM isa paddhati ke anusAra samagra saMskRta vAGamaya ke ataraMga kA darzana karAte hue vividha siddhAntoM, vicAra pravAhoM evaM ulalekhanIya zreSTha graMthoM kA saMkSepataH paricaya denA Avazyaka thaa| koza ke graMthakAra khaMDa aura graMtha khaMDa meM saMskRta vAGmaya kA jo bhI paricaya hogA vaha vizakalita rhegaa| eka vyakti ke pratyeka avayava ke pRthak-pRthak citra dekhane para usa vyakti ke samagra vyaktitva kA Akalana nahIM hotA, eka sahasradala kamala kI bikharI huI paMkhur3iyoM ko dekhane se samagra kamala puSpa kA svarUpa sauMdarya samajha meM nahIM aataa| usI prakAra varNAnukrama ke anusAra graMthoM evaM graMthakAroM kA saMkSipta paricaya jAnane para samagra vAGmaya tathA usake vividha prakAroM kA Akalana honA asaMbhava mAna kara hamane yaha "saMskRta vAGmaya darzana" kA vibhAga koza ke prAraMbha meM saMyojita kiyA hai| 81, abhyaMkara nagara nAgapura- 440010 zrIrAmanavamI 7 apraila 1988 zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara saMpAdaka saMskRta vAGmaya koza For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta vAGmaya darzana anukramaNikA prakaraNa- 1 (1) saMskRta bhASA, (2) saMskRta aura ekAtmatA, (3) saMskRta kI lipi| 1-5 prakaraNa- 2 (1) vedavAGmaya (2) Rgveda saMhitA (3) vedakAla (4) yajurveda saMhitA (5) sAmaveda saMhitA (6) AryoM kA managaDhaMna AkramaNa (7) vedaviSayaka paraMparAgata dRSTikona (8) atharvaveda (9) AraNyaka vAGmaya (10) upaniSada vaangmy| 6-27 prakaraNa- 3 : vedAMga vAGmaya (1) zikSA (2) kalpa arthAta vaidika karmakANDa (3) dharmazAstra (4) nirukta (5) pratizAkhya (6) vyAkaraNa vAGmaya kI rUparekhA (7) vividha vyAkaraNa saMpradAya (8) pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA vistAra (9) pANinIyetara vyAkaraNa graMtha (10) dhAtupATha (11) uNAdisUtra (12) paribhASA (13) dArzanika vaiyAkaraNa (14) chandaHzAstra (15) saMgItazAstra (16) jyotirvijJAna (17) AyurvijJAna (18) shilpshaastr| 28-70 prakaraNa- 4 : purANa-itihAsa (1) purANa vAGmaya (2) purANokta dharma (3) purANokta AkhyAna (4) rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata (5) rAmakathA kA vizvasaMcAra (6) rAmAyaNIya sAhitya (7) rAmarAjya (8) rAmAyaNa kA kAla (9) mahAbhArata (10) sAhitya meM mahAbhArata (11) mahAbhArata kI vicAra dhArA (12) mahAbhArata sArAMza-Adiparva (13) sabhAparva (14) vanaparva (15) virATaparva (16) udyogaparva (17) bhISmaparva (18) droNaparva (19) karNaparva (20) zalyaparva (21) gadAparva (22) sauptika parva (23) zAMtiparva (24) anuzAsana parva (25) Azvamedhika parva (26) AzramavAsika parva (27) mausalaparva (28) mahAprAsthAnika parva (29) svargArohaNa parva (30) itihAsa viSayaka avAMtara vAGmaya / 71-129 prakaraNa- 5 : nyAya-vaizeSika darzana (1) nyAya darzana (2) navya nyAya (3) nyAyazAstra kA jJeya (4) bauddha nyAya (5) jaina nyAya (6) vaizeSika darzana (7) vaizeSika pribhaassaa|| 130-138 prakaraNa- 6 : sAMkhya-yoga darzana : (1) sAMkhya darzana (2) tAttvika carcA (3) yogadarzana (4) sAMkhya aura yoga (5) saMyama (6) sAdhana pAda (7) vibhUtipAda (8) kaivalyapAda (9) bauddhayoga (10) haThayoga (11) bhaktiyoga (12) karmayoga (13) jnyaanyog| 139-152 prakaraNa- 7 : tAMtrika vAGmaya (1) tAMtrika vAGmaya (2) taMtrazAstra aura veda (3) upaniSad aura zakti sAdhanA (4) taMtra aura purANa (5) taMtrazAstra aura bauddhadharma (6) tAMtrika saMpradAya (7) taMtrazAstra ke pramukha graMthakAra (8) tAMtrika pribhaassaa| 153-162 prakaraNa- 8 : mImAMsA aura vedAnta (1) mImAMsA darzana (2) mImAMsA darzana kI rUparekhA (3) mImAMsA darzana ke kucha maulika siddhAMta (4) vedAnta darzana (5) zAMkaramata (6) viziSTAdvaita mata (7) dvaitavAdI mAdhvamata (8) dvaitAdvaitavAdI niMbArka mata (9) tattvasamanvaya (10) zaivadarzana evaM saMpradAya (11) zuddhAdvaitavAdI vallabhamata (12) acintya bhedAbhedavAdI caitanyamata 163-187 prakaraNa-9 : jaina bauddha vAGmaya - (1) jaina vAGmaya (2) jaina dArzanika vAGmaya (3) jaina yogadarzana (4) jaina kAvya (5) jaina stotrakAvya (6) bauddha vAGmaya (7) dhAraNI sUtra (8) dArzanika vicAra (9) jAtaka tathA avadAna saahity| 188-206 prakaraNa- 10 : kAvyazAstra - (1) kAvyazAstra (2) alaMkAra-zAstra yA sAhitya-zAstra (3) vakrokti saMpradAya (4) rIti saMpradAya (5) kAvyadoSa (6) rasa siddhAnta / 207-212 prakaraNa- 11 : nATyazAstra aura sAhitya - (1) nATakoM kA prAraMbha (2) nATyazAstrIya pramukha graMtha (3) nATyazAstra kA ataraMga (4) vastuzodhana (5) nATyapAtra (6) nATya pravRttiyAM (7) arthasahAyaka (8) nATya rasa (9) pramukha nATakakAra (10) lAkSaNika yA pratIka nATaka (11) rAmAyaNIya nATaka (12) kRSNacaritra (13) mahAbhAratIya nATaka (14) aitihAsika nATaka (15) nATakoM kA nATyazAstrIya vargIkaraNa (16) saMskRta nATya kA sArvatrika prabhAva (17) arvAcIna saMskRta naattk| 213-238 prakaraNa- 12 : lalita sAhitya - (1) lalita vAGmaya (2) mahAkAvya (3) kathAkAvya (4) campU vAGmaya (5) gItikAvya (6) dUtakAvya (7) stotrakAvya (8) subhASitasaMgraha (9) koza vAGmaya (10) arvAcIna saMskRta vAGmaya (11) upnyaas| 239-260 prakaraNa- 13 : arvAcIna saMskRta vAGmaya 261-267 graMthakAra paricaya- akArAdi anukramAnusAra kula praviSTiyAM 2715 268-495 pariziSTa : 496 se Age For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSToM ke viSaya pariziSTa (ka) - Rgveda ke maMtradraSTA Rssi| (kha)- vaidika vaangmy| (ga)- vedaaNg| (gha) aayurved| (Da)- vAstusthApatyazAstra / (ca)- puraann-itihaas| (cha)- smRtigraMtha, upasmRtigraMtha, niitishaastrgrNth| (ja)- dArzanika vAGmaya (nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, taMtra, miimaaNsaa| (jha)- vedAnta (advaita, viziSTAdvaita, dvaita (mAdhva), zuddhAdvaita (vallabha), nimbArka, (Ja)- kAzmIra zaivadarzana, viirshaiv| (Ta)- jaina graMtha (dharmazAstra Agama), (Tha)- jainadarzana (Da) bauddhavAGmaya / For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta vAGmaya darzana prakaraNa - 1 1 saMskRta bhASA saMskRta zabda kA prayoga anekavidha athoM meM saMskRta sAhitya meM kiyA gayA hai| una sabhI prayogoM meM suzobhita karanA, alaMkRta karanA, pavitra karanA, prazikSita karanA, sateja karanA, nirdoSa karanA, ityAdi bhAva vyakta hote haiN| jaba kisI bhASA ko saMskRta vizeSaNa lagAyA jAtA hai, taba yaha artha mAnA jAtA hai ki vaha bhASA arthAt usa bhASA ke bahuta se zabda, nizcita artha vyakta karane kI dRSTi se bhASA zAstrIya paddhati ke anusAra vivecana kara, nirdoSa kie gae haiN| una zabdoM meM svara, vyaMjana, hasva, dIrgha ityAdi kisI prakAra kI vikRtatA sadoSatA bAkI nahIM rhii| bahutAMza zabdoM kA nirukti vyutpatti Adi dRSTi se pUrNatayA saMzodhana karane ke kAraNa, saMpUrNa bhASA meM jo paripUrNatA, paripakvatA yA vizuddhatA nirmANa huI, usI kAraNa bhAratIya manISiyoM ne apanI saMskArapUta bhASA kI stuti, "daivI vAk' (saMskRtaM nAma daivI vAk) (kAvyAdarza- 1-33) isa ananya sAdhAraNa vizeSaNa se kii| devabhASA, amarabhASA, gIrvANavANI, amRtavANI, surabhAratI, ityAdi saMskRta bhASA ke nirdezaka anekavidha rUDha zabdaprayoga, isa bhASA kI saMskArapUrtatA ke kAraNa nirmANa huI apUrvatA adbhutatA,,suMdaratA ityAdi guNoM ko hI vyaMjita karate haiN| Astika dRSTikoNa ke anusAra sabhI carAcara sRSTi kI nirmiti sarvavyApI aura sarvAntaryAmI paramAtma tattva se huI hai| arthAt isa sRSTi ke antargata sabhI sacetana prANimAtra ke kaMTha se prasphuTita hone vAlI zabdasvarUpa vANI bhI paramAtma tatva kI hI nimiti hai| yaha zabdarUpa vANI AdikAla meM samudradhvani ke samAna avyAkRta-asphuTa thii| zrI sAyaNAcArya (arthAt zrIvidyAraNya svAmI) apane RgvedabhASya meM kahate haiM :- "agnimILe purohitam ityAdi-vAk pUrvasmin kAle samudrAdidhvanivad ekAtmikA satI avyAkRtA = prakRtiH pratyayaH padaM vAkyam ityAdi vibhAgakArigrantharahitA AsIt / tadA devaiH prArthitaH indraH ekasmin eva pAtre vAyoH svasya ca somarasagrahaNarUpeNa vareNa tuSTaH tAm akhaNDavAcaM madhye vicchidya prakRtipratyayAdivibhAga sarvatra akrot"| arthAt AdikAla meM samudradhvani ke samAna avyakta vedavANI ko indra bhagavAn ne somarasa se prasanna hone ke kAraNa, prakRti pratyaya ityAdi vibhAga bhASA meM nirmANa kara use arthagrahaNa ke yogya kiyaa| vedoM meM bhASA kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM cAra prasiddha mantra milate haiM : (1) devIM vAcamajanayanta devAH tAM vizvarUpAH pazavo vadanti / sA no mandreSamUrja duhAnA dhenurvAgasmAn upasuSTatetu / R. 8-100 / / (2) catvAri zRMgA trayo asya pAdA dve zIrSe sapta hastAso asya / tridhA baddho vRSabho roravIti maho devo maha~ Aviveza ||R. 4-58-3 / / (3) indrA-varuNA yadRSibhyo manISAM vAco matiM shrutmdttmgre| yAni sthAnAnyasRjanta dhIrA / yajJaM tanvAnA tapasAbhyapazyan / R. 8-59-6 / / (4) catvAri vAk parimitA padAni tAni vidurbrAhmaNA ye manISiNaH / guhA trINi nihitA neGgayanti turIyaM vAco manuSyA vadanti |R. 1-164-45 / / atharva -6-25-27-26-1 ina vANI viSayaka mantoM para bhASya likhane vAle yAska, pataMjali, sAyaNa jaise mahAmanISiyoM ne apane bhASya graMthoM meM vaidika bhASA kI utpatti kA saMbaMdha sAkSAt devoM se hI joDA hai| sAyaNAcArya ne to saMskRta bhASA kA paryAyavAcaka zabda "devabhASA" isa sAmAsika zabda kA vigraha "devasRSTA bhASA devabhASA' isa prakAra kara, yaha bhI kahA hai ki yaha devabhASA "sarvajanamAnyA" aura "sarvaviditA" hai| tretA yuga meM indra candra bhUteza jaise devatA isa bhASA ke akSara nirmAtA the ityAdi artha ke vacana prAcIna granthoM meM milate haiN| bhASAvijJAna kA mata Adhunika bhASAvijJAna ke paMDitoM ne saMsAra ke jo vividha bhASAparivAra mAne haiM una meM AryaparivAra (jise iMDojAnika aura iNDoyUropiyana bhI kahate haiM) nAmaka sarvapramukha bhASAparivAra mAnA hai| isa parivAra meM yUropa, uttara-dakSiNa amarIkA, naiRtya AphrikA, AsTreliyA aura IrAna jaise vizAla pradezoM kI anekavidha bhASAoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| una saba meM saMskRta bhASA ko agrasthAna diyA jAtA hai| saMskRta bhASA kI pramukhatA ke kAraNa isa bhASA parivAra kA "sAMskRtika bhASA parivAra" yaha nAmakaraNa kucha vidvAnoM ne saMmata kiyA thaa| paraMtu isa parivAra ke pradezoM meM iMDiyA aura yUropa ye do pramukha pradeza haiN| ina donoM kA nirdezaka "iNDoyUropIya" yahI nAma sarvatra rUDha huA / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Adima AryabhASA iNDoyUropIya parivAra kI sabhI bhASAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para Adhunika bhASA vaijJAnika isa siddhAnta para pahuMce ki ina vividha pradezastha bhASAoM kA mUla srota koI "Adima bhASA" rahI hogii| saMskRta, avestI, grIka aura laeNTina ke saba se purAne lekhoM ke zabdoM kA manthana kara, jo sArabhUta bhASAsvarUpa upalabdha huA usa kalpita bhASA ko "Adima bhASA" kA bahumAna pradAna kiyA gyaa| yaha tathAkathita kalpita Adima Arya bhASA, saMskRta, avestI, grIka, jarmana, laeNTina, kelTI, slAvI, bAlTI, ArmInI, alcenI, torakhArI aura hiTTAiTa ina sabhI iNDoyUropIya bhASAoM kI jananI mAnI gii| isa kAlpanika Adima bhASA kA upayoga karanevAlI AryajAti kI bhI kalpanA kI gaI aura AryajAti kA mUlasthAna yUropa kI pUrva aura eziyA kI pazcima sImA rekhA para kahIM to bhI honA cAhiye, isa nirNaya para pahuMcane para, DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI jaise bhAratIya bhASAvaijJAnika, pro. beMDesTAina kA mata pramANabhUta mAna kara, urAla parvata kA dakSiNI pradeza hI Adima Arya jAti kA mUla nivAsasthAna mAnate haiN| isa kalpita, tathAkathita Adima AryabhASA kI saba se nikaTa bhASA saMskRta hI mAnI gaI hai| isa saMskRta bhASA meM saMsAra kA prAcInatama vedavAGmaya bharapUra mAtrA meM aura avikRta svarUpa meM, Aja bhI upalabdha hotA hai| samagra mAnavajAti ke prAcInatama itihAsa ke vAGmayIna pramANa, bhArata kI isa devavANI meM Aja prApta hote haiN| mAnava samAja ko jaba taka apane prAcInatama itihAsa ke prati AsthA yA jijJAsA rahegI aura jaba taka graMthAlayoM evaM saMgrahAlayoM meM prAcInatama vAGmaya evaM vastuoM kA saMgraha karane kI preraNA mAnava meM rahegI, taba taka saMskRta bhASA meM upanibaddha prAcIna vedavAGmaya ko agrapUjA kA sthAna denA hI hogaa| bhASAvijJAna ke niSkarSa vaidika vAGamaya kA bhASAzAstrIya adhyayana karane para Adhunika bhASA paMDita isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki, vaidika saMhitAoM ke sUktoM meM sthAna sthAna para bolI ke bheda dikhAI dete haiN| Rgveda ke prathama aura dazama maMDala ke sUktoM kI bhASA, anya maMDaloM kI bhASA kI tulanA meM, uttarakAlIna dikhAI detI hai| brAhmaNagraMthoM, prAcIna upaniSadoM aura sUtra graMthoM kI bhASA kramazaH vikasita huI mAlUma hotI hai| pANini ke samaya taka vaidika vAGmaya kI bhASA aura tatkAlIna ziSToM kI bhASA meM paryApta aMtara paDa gayA thaa| pANini ke pUrvavartI pacIsa zreSTha vaiyAkaraNoM ne isa bhASA ke zabdoM kA baDI sUkSmekSikA se adhyayana kiyA thaa| pANini ke samaya taka uttara bhArata meM udIcya, prAcya aura madhyadezIya, tIna vibhAga saMskRta bhASAntargata zabdoM meM rUpAntara hone ke kAraNa ho gae the| vaidika saMskRta aura vidagdha saMskRta bhASA meM pradhAnatayA jo bheda nirmANa hue unakA saMkSepataH svarUpa nimnaprakAra hai1 aneka vaidika zabdoM kA laukika bhASA meM arthAntara ho gyaa| kucha pratyaya, dhAtu, sarvanAma vaidika aura laukika saMskRta meM vibhinna ho ge| vaidika saMskRta meM kriyA se dUra rahane vAle upasarga, laukika bhASA meM kriyA ke pUrva rUDha hue| udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita ina tIna svaroM ke kAraNa vaidika saMskRta meM jo saMgItAtmakatA thI, vaha laukika bhASA meM una svaroM kA vilaya hone se, lupta ho gii| vaidika meM kartA aura kriyApada ke vacana meM bhinnatA thii| laukika bhASA meM vahAM ekatA aayii| yahI bAta vizeSaNa aura vizeSya ke saMbaMdha meM huii| vaidika bhASA meM kevala varNika chaMda milate haiM kintu laukika saMskRta meM varNika aura mAtrika donoM prakAra ke chaMda milate haiN| anuSTup ke atirikta kucha vaidika chaMda laukika saMskRta meM lupta ho ge| 2 saMskRta aura ekAtmatA saMskRta bhASA ke (ora samasta saMsAra ke) sarvazreSTha vaiyAkaraNa bhagavAn pANini hue| unhoMne apane zabdAnuzAsana dvArA saMskRta bhASA ko vikRti se alipta rkhaa| laukika vyavahAra meM, logoM kI zuddhavarNoccAra karane kI akSamatA ke kAraNa, athavA varNoccAra meM mukhasukha kI pravRtti ke kAraNa, saMskRta se apabhraMzAtmaka prAkRta bhASAeM bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM udita aura yathAkrama vikasita hotI giiN| paraMtu pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke nirapavAda prAmANya ke kAraNa saMskRta bhASA kA svarUpa niraMtara avikRta rhaa| saMsAra kI bhASAoM ke itihAsa meM yaha eka parama Azcarya hai| paNinIya vyAkaraNa ke prabhAva ke kAraNa "amarabhASA" yaha saMskRta bhASA kA aparanAma caritArtha ho gyaa| pANini ke samaya meM ziSTa samAja ke paraspara vicAra-vinimaya kI bhASA saMskRta hI thii| unake bAda bhI kaI sadiyA~ taka yaha kAma saMskRta bhASA karatI rhii| zrIzaMkarAcArya jaise prAcIna vidvAna apanA saiddhAntika digvijaya saMskRta bhASA meM zAstrArtha kara 2 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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hI karate the| kucha itihAsajJoM ke matAnusAra magadha sAmrAjya tathA bauddha saMpradAya ke prabhAva ke kAraNa saMskRta kA prabhAva kucha kAla taka sImita sA ho gayA thA, paraMtu puSyamitra zuMga kI rAjyakrAnti ke bAda maurya sAmrAjya samApta hokara saMskRta bhASA kA mahattva phira se yathApUrva sthApita ho gyaa| prAyaH 12 vIM sadI taka saMskRta sabhI hiMdu rAjyoM kI rAjabhASA rhii| 12 vIM sadI zatAbdI ke bAda Aja kI hiMdI, gujarAtI, baMgalA, marAThI ityAdi prAdezika bhASAeM lokapriya hotI giiN| unakA apanA sAhitya nirmita hone lgaa| paraMtu pAlI, mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI ityAdi ke samAna yaha arvAcIna prAdezika bhASAeM, saMskRta ke tadbhava aura tatsama zabdoM se upajIvita aura paripoSita hotI gii| pAzcAtya sAhitya kA paricaya aura prabhAva hone ke pahale kA sabhI prAdezika bhASAoM kA saMpUrNa sAhitya saMskRtopajIvI hI rhaa| saMskRta bhASA meM zAstrIya cikitsA karane kI jo adbhuta kSamatA hai, usake abhAva ke kAraNa pAlI-prAkRta bhASA ke abhimAnI dharmAcAryoM ko yathAvasara saMskRta kA hI prazraya lenA pdd'aa| dakSiNa kI tamiLa, malayAlama, kannaDa aura telugu ye cAra bhASAeM bhASA vaijJAnikoM ke matAnusAra draviDa parivAra kI bhASAeM mAnI jAtI haiN| paraMtu una bhASAoM meM saMskRta ke tatsama aura tadbhava zabdoM kA pramANa uttara bhArata kI hindI Adi prAdezika bhASAoM ke prAyaH barAbarI meM hai| kiMbahunA kucha mAtrA meM adhika bhI hai aura unakA saMpUrNa sAhitya bhI isa surabhAratI ke stanya para hI paripuSTa huA hai| yahI eka kAraNa hai ki, bhArata meM bhASAeM vividha haiM, paraMtu usakA sAhitya ekAtma aura ekarUpa hai| isa sanAtana rASTra ke jIvana meM isa mahanIya bhASA ke kAraNa hI sadiyoM se sAMskRtika sarUpatA aura ekAtmatA rahI hai| Age cala kara bhI agara isa rASTra ko apanI bhASika aura sAMskRtika ekAtmatA dRDha rakhanI hogI, to saMskRta kA sArvatrika pracAra karanA pddegaa| saMskRta bhASA kI akhila bhAratIyatA prAcInatA jaise saMskRta bhASA kI anokhI vizeSatA hai, vaise hI usakI vAGmaya rAzi kI akhila bhAratIyatA bhI dUsarI vizeSatA hai| I. 12 vIM zatAbdI se bhArata ke anyAnya pradezoM meM vividha prAdezika bhASAoM kA dhIre dhIre vikAsa prAraMbha huaa| ina sabhI prAdezika bhASAoM kA sAhitya nirapavAda saMskRta sAhityopajIvI rhaa| saMskRta kA paurANika vAGmaya, usa sAhitya kA sphUrtisthAna rhaa| vyAsa aura vAlmIki kI pratibhA hI mAnoM sabhI prAdezika AyAmoM kI lekhanI se zata sahasra prakAroM meM pallavita aura puSpita huii| Adhunika yuga meM pAzcAtya sAhitya ke saMparka se prAdezika sAhitya kI vallariyAM anyAnya dizAoM aura AryAyoM meM ubhara aayii| Aja ve sArI apane apane prAdezika rAjyoM kI rAjabhASAeM huI haiN| paraMtu itanI sArI pragati ke bAvajUda hiMdI, marAThI, baMgAlI, gujarAtI, telugu, kannaDa, tamila, malayAlama ina sArI prAdezika bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM, akhila bhAratIyatA nahIM aayii| kucha abhinandanIya apavAda choDa kara, prAyaH sabhI prAdezika bhASAoM kA sArA kA sArA lekhaka varga sImita pradezastha hI rhaa| yAne marAThI kA lekhaka varga mahArASTra ke bAhara, yA kanaDa kA lekhaka varga karnATaka ke bAhara kahIM milatA, na Age cala kara milegaa| hiMdI bhASA ko akhila bhAratIya bhASA ke nAte zAsakIya vaidhAnika aura vividha pakSIya samarthana prApta hone para bhI, hiMdI kA sAhityika varga uttara bhAratIya hI rahA hai| ___bhArata ke sabhI prAdezika bhASAoM ke sAhityoM ko itihAsa graMtha paDhate samaya unakI sImita prAdezikatA ThIka dhyAna meM AtI hai| Aja ke bhASika abhiniveza ke yuga kI cAla dekhate hue yaha sApha dikhAI detA hai ki, hiMdI, baMgAlI, marAThI, kannaDa ityAdi bhArata kI vividha prAdezika bhASAoM meM se, kisI bhI bhASA kA pramukha lekhaka varga bhaviSya kAla meM akhila bhAratIya nahIM hogaa| vAGmaya ke antargata lalita aura vividha zAstrIya vAGmaya zAkhA ke itihAsa graMthoM kA Alocana karate hue jo bAta pramukhatA se dhyAna meM AtI hai, vaha hai unake lekhakoM kI akhila bhaartiiytaa| kAzmIra se kanyAkumArI taka aura kAmarUpa se kaccha taka, phaile hue samagra bhArata varSa ke antargata sabhI pradezoM meM janma pAe hue mahAmanISiyoM kI pratibhA evaM pANDitya kA adbhuta vaibhava isa bhASA ke gadya, padya aura sUtrarUpa graMthoM meM apanI divya dIpti se camaka rahA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya ke sabhI prAcIna aura arvAcIna lekhakoM ke sabhI graMtha abhI taka prakAzita nahIM hue| phira bhI jitane prakAzita hue haiM aura unameM se jitane parimita graMthoM kA parAmarza, saMskRta vAGmaya ke itihAsa graMthoM meM Aja taka kiyA gayA hai, unakI aura unake lekhakoM kI saMkhyA itanI AzcaryakAraka hai, ki mAno saMskRta vAGmaya meM akhila bhAratavarSa kA prajJAvaibhava atiprAcIna kAla se Aja taka saMcita huA hai| isI kAraNa bhArata kI samasta subuddha janatA ke hRdaya meM saMskRta bhASA ke aura saMskRta bhASIya samagra vAGmaya ke prati nitAMta AtmIyatA aura zraddhA hai| jisa bhASA ke aura tandatargata vAGmaya ke prati saMpUrNa rASTra kI janatA zraddhAyukta AtmIyatA rakhatI hai vaha bhASA aura vaha sAhitya usa samUce rASTra kA "daivI nidhAna" hotA hai| usakA saMrakSaNa adhyayana aura prasAraNa karanA usa rASTra ke niSThAvAna sajjanoM kA anivArya kartavya hotA hai| saMskRta bhASA aura saMskRta vAGmaya ke prati akhila bhAratIya vidyArasikoM kA yahI dAyitva hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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3 saMskRta kI lipi mohana jo daDo aura haDappA meM jo prAcInatama sAmaprI prApta huI usameM kucha lekha bhI haiN| ye aisI lipi meM haiM jo brAhmI yA kharoSTrI (jo bhArata kI prAcInatama lipiyAM mAnI gaI haiM) se mela nahIM khaatii| usa lipi kA vAcana karane kA prayAsa kucha vidvAnoM ne kiyA, paraMtu unake vAcana meM ekavAkyatA na hone ke kAraNa, vaha lipi abhI taka avAcita hI mAnI jAtI hai| ajamera jile ke baDalI yA bI gAMva meM aura nepAla kI tarAI meM piprAvA nAmaka sthAna meM do choTe choTe zilAlekha mile haiN| unake akSara paDhe gae haiM, paraMtu jisa lipi meM ve likhe gae hai vaha samrATa azoka se pUrvakAlIna mAnI gaI hai| vaidika vAGmaya, tripiTaka sAhitya, jaina graMtha, pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI ityAdi prAcIna pramANoM se prAcIna bhArata kI lekhanakalA kA astitva pratIta hotA hai aura una pramANoM se bhArata ko lipijJAna pAzcAtya yA cInI sabhyatA ke saMparka se prApta huA isa prakAra ke yUropIya vidvAnoM ke mata kA khaMDana hotA hai| jainoM ke pannavaNAsUtra meM aura samavAyaMga sUtra meM 18 lipiyoM ke nAma milate haiN| bauddhoM ke lalitavistara meM 64 lipiyoM ke nAma Ae haiM, jinameM brAhmI aura kharoSTrI kA bhI nirdeza hai| azoka ke zahAbAjagaDhI aura manaseharA vAle lekha kharoSThI meM hai| isake pUrva kA, isa lipi kA koI lekha nahIM miltaa| azoka ke bAda yaha lipi bhArata meM videzI rAjAoM ke sikkoM aura zilAlekhoM meM pAI gaI hai| bhArata ke pazcimottara pradeza aura paMjAba meM kharoSThI ke lekha mile aura zeSa bhAga meM brAhmI ke lekha mile haiN| kharoSThI, arebika ke samAna, dAI se bAI aura likhI jAtI hai| paMjAba meM tIsarI sadI taka isa lipi kA pracAra kucha mAtrA meM thaa| bAda meM vahAM se bhI vaha lupta huii| bhArata kI prAcIna lipiyoM meM brAhmI adhika sucAru aura paripUrNa lipi thii| isI kAraNa isako sAkSAt brahmA dvArA nirmita mAnA gyaa| isa lipi kI bhAratIyatA ke bAre meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM do mata haiN| vilsana, priMsepa, AphreTa mUlara, senArTa, DIke, kuperI, vilyama jonsa, vebara, Telara, bUlara Adi vidvAna isakA mUla bhArata ke bAhara mAnate haiM; paraMtu eDavarDa, TAmasa, DAsana, kaniMghama jaise pAzcAtya paMDita aura zrIgaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA, DA. tArApuravAlA jaise bhAratIya lipi-zAstrajJoM ke matAnusAra, brAhmI kA utpattisthAna bhArata hI mAnA jAtA hai| I. pU. 5 vIM zatI se 4 thI zatI taka ke prApta lekhoM meM brAhmI lipi milatI hai| bAda meM brAhmI kI pAMca prakAra kI uttarI aura chaha prakAra kI avAMtara (pazcimI, madhyapradezI, telugu-kannaDI, granthalipi, kaliMga lipi aura tamila) lipiyAM milatI haiN| ___ uttarI brAhmI lipiyoM meM I. 8 vIM sadI se pracArita huI nAgarI lipi vizeSa mahatvapUrNa mAnI gaI haiN| gujarAtI aura baMgalA lipi meM isakA sAdRzya dikhAI detA hai| marAThI aura hiMdI bhASAoM kI yahI lipi hai| nepAla kI yaha rAjalipi hai aura saMskRta ke bahusaMkhya prAcIna hastalikhita graMtha isI lipi meM milate haiN| 10 vIM sadI se 12 vIM sadI taka, isa lipi meM yathocita sudhAra hotA gayA aura 12 vIM sadI meM usakA vartamAna rUpa susthira sA ho gyaa| TaMkamudraNa kI suvidhA ke lie, vIra sAvarakara, AcArya vinobAjI bhAve, jaise manISiyoM ne isa lipi meM kucha vizeSa sudhAra sujhAe aura svarAjyaprApti ke bAda bhAratIya zAsana ne usakA vidyamAna svarUpa nizcita kiyA, jisameM aMkoM ke lie yUropIya cinha sArvatrika samAnatA kI dRSTi se svIkRta kie hue haiN| nAgarI ko devanAgarI aura nandinAgarI bhI kahate haiN| atiprAcIna kAla se saMskRta bhASA vidyAlayoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kA aura vidvAnoM ke bhASaNa tathA lekhana kA mAdhyama saMpUrNa bhArata bhara meM rhaa| azikSita yA alpazikSita samAja meM saMskRta bhASA kA lezamAtra paricaya hone para bhI, usake prati parama zraddhA thI aura Aja bhI hai| saMskRta kA koI bhI vacana, bahujana samAja meM pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA rhaa| jAtibheda kI kaTTaratA tathA chuAchUta kI duSTa rUDhI ke kAraNa nikRSTa stara ke samAja meM isa bhASA kA pracAra kucha pradezoM meM nahIM huaa| vedAdhyayana ke lie striyoM tathA nikRSTa vargIyoM ke lie manAI rahI kintu laukika kAvyanATakAdi sAhitya ke adhyayana ke lie tathA purANa-zravaNa ke lie yaha manAI nahIM thii| paraMtu vidyApremI varga, saMpUrNa bhArata bhara meM saMskRta kA adhyayana, adhyApana aura lekhana niraMtara karatA aayaa| yaha sArA saMskRtajJa varga, apanI prAdezika bhASA kI lipi ke atirikta devanAgarI lipi se paricita rhaa| gujarAtI lekhana meM to jahAM jahAM saMskRta vacana Ate hai vahAM ve devanAgarI meM likhe jAte haiN| bhArata meM bhASika ekAtmatA ke sAtha samAna-lipi kA puraskAra sabhI ekAtmatAniSTha sajanoM ne satata kiyaa| saMskRta ke kSetra meM yaha lipi kI samAnatA abhI taka surakSita rahI hai| saMskRta kA pracAra-prasAra jisa mAtrA meM sarvatra baDhegA utanI mAtrA meM bhAratIya netAoM kI samAna rASTrIya lipi kI apekSA barAbara pUrI hogii| pAzcAtya dezoM meM saMskRta lekhana yA mudraNa ke lie, vahAM kI lipi meM, saMskRta varNo ke yathocita uccAraNa ke lie yathAvazyaka sudhAra kara romana lipi meM hI saMskRta kA mudraNa ho rahA hai| paraMtu usa AMtararASTrIya lipi (iMTaranezanala skripTa) kA bhArata ke saMskRtajJa samAja meM paryApta pracAra ne hone ke kAraNa, usake paDhane meM ve asamartha rahate haiN| alpazikSita mA vacana, bahuja meM i 4/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta kI akhaMDa dhArA saMskRta bhASA kA vibhAjana vaidika aura laukika ina do prakAroM meM pANini ke samaya se hI kiyA jAtA thA / pANinI aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kA prakaraNazaH vargIkaraNa kara, bhaTTojI dIkSita (I. 17 zatI) ne "siddhAnta kaumudI" nAmaka jo prasiddha vyAkaraNa graMtha nirmANa kiyA, usameM bhI laukika zabdoM kA vivaraNa karane ke bAda vaidika zabdoM kA vivaraNa svataMtra khaMDa meM kiyA hai| samagra saMskRta vAGmaya kA vibhAjana bhI inhIM do vibhAgoM meM prAyaH kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika kAla meM saMskRta vAGmaya kA paryAlocana karane vAle aneka graMtha bhAratIya aura abhAratIya bhASAoM meM likhe ge| ina saMskRta vAGmayetihAsa ke graMthoM meM kucha graMtha kevala vaidika vAGmayetihAsa viSayaka aura kaI graMtha laukika saMskRta vAGmaya kA paryAlocana karane vAle haiN| isake atirikta bauddha saMskRta vAGmaya jaina saMskRta vAGmaya tathA prAdezika saMskRta vAGmaya kA bhI pRthaka parAmarza lene vAle itihAsa graMtha prasiddha hue haiN| sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, tatvajJAna, ityAdi zAstrIya viSayoM ke vAGmaya ke bhI itihAsa prabandha pRthak pRthak likhe gae haiN| hiMdI bhASA meM ina sabhI prakAroM ke itihAsa prabandha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| aneka zodhachAtra saMskRta vAGmaya ke kisI viziSTa aMga yA aMza kA sarvaMkaSa vivecana karanevAle zodhaprabandha nirmANa kara rahe haiN| ina saba vAGmayetihAsa ke lekhakoM ne prAyaH 12 vIM yA adhika se adhika 15 vIM zatAbdI taka nirmANa (aura Adhunika mudraNayuga meM mudrita) hue vAGmaya kA hI parAmarza liyA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya ke hastalikhita graMthoM kI sUciyAM bhI aneka vizvavidyAlayoM evaM zodhasaMsthAnoM ke dvArA nirmANa huI haiM aura ho rahI haiM / paraMtu ina sabhI ke lekhakoM evaM saMpAdakoM ne 15 vIM yA 16 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda bhI jo bharapUra saMskRta vAGmaya sAre bhArata ke sabhI pradazoM meM nirmANa hotA rahA aura jisakA kucha aMza prakAzita bhI huA, usakA parAmarza apane graMthoM meM nahIM kiyaa| saMskRta vAGmaya ke isa upekSita nidhAna kI ora svarAjya prApti ke bAda kucha saMskRtopAsakoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa huA unhoMne arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya kA sarvakaSa parAmarza karane vAle samIkSAtmaka zodha prabandha likhe arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya viSayaka prabandhoM ne jo eka bar3A kArya kiyA hai vaha yAne yUropIya vidvAnoM ne 12 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda nirmANa hue saMskRta vAGmaya kI upekSA karate hue yaha yuktivAda prastuta kiyA thA ki usa kAlamaryAdA ke bAda saMskRta meM vAGmaya nirmiti huI nahIM isakA kAraNa vaha "mRta" yA "mRtavat" ho gaI thii| logoM ke bhASaNa vyavahAra meM upayoga na honA aura navIna vAGmaya kI nirmiti na honA, ye do pramukha kAraNa, saMskRta ko mRtabhASA ghoSita karane ke lie die gae aura sarvasAmAnya stara ke suzikSitoM ne unheM pramANabhUta mAna kara, saMskRta ko mRtabhASA kahanA zurU kiyA thaa| saMskRta vaktAoM ne apane bhASaNoM dvArA usakI sajIvatA kA pramANa niraMtara sthApita kiyA aura Aja bhI ve kara raheM haiN| paraMtu sAhityanirmiti kA pramANa upalabdha karanA kaThina thA / arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya viSayaka prabandhoM ne vaha bhI pramANa sthApita kara diyaa| saMskRta bhASA kI aura saMskRta vAGmaya kI, ati prAcIna kAla se adyAvat akhila bhAratIyatA, usake prati bhArata ke sabhI bhASAbhASI subuddha janatA kI zraddhAyukta AtmIyatA, bhArata kI vidyamAna sabhI prAdezika bhASAoM kI zabdasamRddhi baDhAne kI usakI adbhuta navazabda- nirmANa kSamatA ina tIna kAraNoM se kisI eka pradeza kI rAjyabhASA na hote hue bhI saMskRta samasta bhArata kI eka sarvazreSTha tathA agrapUjya bhASA mAnI jAtI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUlagrAhI evaM sarvaMkaSa jJAna saMskRta vAGmaya ke avagAhana se hI ho sakatA hai yaha nirvivAda satya hone ke kAraNa, bhArata ke bAhara anyAnya rASTroM ke pramukha vizvavidyAlayoM meM saMskRta kA adhyayana bar3e Adara se hotA hai| Adhunika bhASA-vaijJAnikoM ke matAnusAra dakSiNa bhArata kI tamila, malayAlama, telugu, tuLU, koDagU, toDakoTA aura kaikADI bhASAoM ko drAviDa bhASA parivAra ke antargata mAnA jAtA hai| sAtha hI madhya bhArata kI goMDI, kurukha, mAlTo, kaMdha, kuI, aura kolAmI jaisI vanya jAtiyoM kI bhASAeM bhI drAviDa bhASA parivAra ke antargata mAnI jAtI haiN| kAlDavela nAmaka bhASA vaijJAnika ne, drAviDa bhASAoM kA taulAnika adhyayana apane zodha prabandha dvArA prastuta kiyA hai, jisameM saMskRta aura tamila bhASA meM dRzyamAna bheda vizada karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa vibhinnatA ke bAvajUda, bhArata kI AryaparivArAntargata bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM jisa mAtrA meM saMskRta kI sahAyatA milI hai, usI mAtrA meM draviDa parivAra kI pramukha dAkSiNAtya bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM bhI saMskRta kI paryApta sahAyatA milI hai| malayAlama bhASA meM to saMskRta ke tadbhava aura tatsama zabdoM kA pramANa pratizata 80 taka mAnA jAtA hai| bhAratIya bhASAoM meM jo vibhAjana rekhA pAzcAtya bhASavijJoM ne nirmANa kI hai use mAnane para bhI uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata kI nyAnya bhASAoM ko ekAtmaka evaM ekarUpa karanevAlI bhASA saMskRta hI hai / isa dRSTi se bhArata kI bhASika ekAtmatA cAhane vAle sabhI sajjanoM ko saMskRta kI zrIvRddhi karanA atyAvazyaka hai / For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 5

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prakaraNa - 2 1 vedavAGmaya saMsAra ke sabhI dezoM ke vidvAnoM ne bhArata ke veda vAGmaya kI atiprAcInatA aura zreSThatA zirodhArya mAnI hai| dharma, zAstra, darzana, vidyA, kalA Adi vividha sAMskRtika viSayoM ke mUla tattva, anveSakoM ko vaidika vAGmaya meM hI dikhAI dete haiN| mahArASTrIya jJAnakoSa ke vikhyAta nirmAtA DaoN. zrIdhara vyaMkaTeza ketakara, jJAnakoSa kI apanI prastAvanA meM, vedoM kA mahattva varNana karate hue kahate haiM, "veda saba vidyAoM kA udgama sthAna hai isa viSaya meM adhika likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| apane (bhAratIya) tathA aneka yUropIyoM ke sAmAnya pUrvajoM ke prAcInatama sthitibodhaka vAGmayAntargata avazeSa ke nAte se, vedoM ko vizva ke vAGmayIna itihAsa meM agrasthAna denA Avazyaka hai, yaha bAta yUropIya paMDitoM ne bhI mAnya kI hai| hajAroM varSoM se koTi koTi bhAratIya loga vedAkSaroM ko IzvarI vANI mAnate Ae haiN| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM veda hI prAcInatama hone ke kAraNa, bhAratIyoM kA AdhyAtmika jIvanakrama aura unakI saMskRti kA yathArtha jJAna, vaidika vAGmaya kA adhyayana kiye binA prApta nahIM hogaa| usI prakAra vedakAlIna paristhiti ThIka samajhe binA evaM pUrvasthitibodhaka vAGmayAntargata avazeSa samajhe binA, apane pUrvajoM kI jAnakArI hameM nahIM hogI, yaha jAnakara vedoM ke viSaya meM pUjyabuddhi dhAraNa karanA apanA kartavya hai| yUropIya vidvAna bhI isa tathya ko samajha gae haiN| cIna, jApAna ke paMDitoM ko bhI vedAbhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hai, kyoM ki bauddha sampradAya kI janmabhUmi hiMdusthAna hI hone ke kAraNa, vedoM kI jAnakArI ke abhAva meM, usa sampradAya kA rahasyajJAna yAne itihAsasahita jJAna, yathArthatayA prApta honA asaMbhava hogaa| nae vidvAnoM ko purAnA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| pazcima ke isAI vidvAnoM ko "purAnA karAra" (olDa TesTAmeMTa) samajhe binA "nayA karAra" (nyU TesTAmeMTa) nahIM samajha meM A sktaa| usI prakAra vedakAlIna dharma aura vedokta tattvoM ko ThIka samajhe binA, kisa paristhiti meM, navIna matoM evaM dharmoM kA udgama huA yaha samajha meM AnA asaMbhava hai|" vedoM ke prAcIna aura arvAcIna abhyAsakoM ke matoM kA sArasarvasva, jJAnakozakAra DaoN. ketakara jI ke vedaviSayaka prastuta pratipAdana meM antarbhUta huA hai| ataH vedoM kI mahimA ke viSaya meM adhika pratipAdana karane kI AvazyakatA isa prakaraNa meM nahIM hai| vedoM ke viSaya meM hiMdU samAja meM atiprAcIna kAla se AtyaMtika zraddhA dhadhakatI rahI hai| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM kahA hai ki, Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda, paramAtmA ke niHzvAsa haiM, (asya mahato bhUtasya niHzvasitam etad yad Rgvedo yajurvedaH sAmavedo athrvaagirsH)| manusmRti meM kahA hai ki "veda sarva jJAnamaya hai (sarvajJAnamayo hi sH|) aura saMpUrNa veda, dharma kA mUla hai (vedo'khilo dharmamUlam) / vedoM kI nindA karane vAloM ke prati "nAstika' zabda se tiraskAra vyakta kiyA jAtA thA- (nAstiko vednindkH)| veda kA lakSaNa anyAnya vidvAnoM dvArA vividha prakAra se batAyA gayA hai| vedoM ke vikhyAta bhASyakAra sAyaNAcArya, "apauruSeyaM vAkyaM vedaH" yAne aporuSeya vAkya ko veda kahate haiM, isa prakAra "veda" kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| Age cala kara sAyaNAcArya kahate haiM ki, "jisa viSaya kA jJAna pratyakSa aura anumAna dvArA nahIM ho sakatA, usa viSaya jJAna, veda dvArA ho sakatA hai, isI meM veda kI vedatA hai| (pratyakSeNAnumityA vA yastUpAyo na vidyte| etaM vidanti vedena tasmAt vedasya vedtaa||) anyatra ve kahate haiM, ki "iSTa kI prApti aura aniSTa kA parihAra karane kA alaukika upAya jisake dvArA batAyA jAtA hai, use veda kahate haiM- (iSTaprApti-aniSTaparihArayoH alaukikam upAyam vedayate sa vedaH / Adhunika kAla meM Arya samAja ke saMsthApaka maharSi dayAnanda ne "vid" - dhAtu ke sAre artha dhyAna meM lete hue veda kA lakSaNa batAyA hai- "vidanti-jAnanti, vidyante-bhavanti, vindanti vidante sarvAH satyavidyAH yaiH yatra vA sa vedH|" yAne jisake sahAya se athavA jisake antargata, sabhI satya vidyAoM kA jJAna prApta hotA hai use veda kahate haiN| vedoM ke prati itanI utkaTa bhakti bhAratIya samAja meM ati prAcIna kAla se dRDhatApUrvaka rahI ataH usake avikRta rakSaNa kA adbhUta kArya isa samAja ke vidyAniSTha logoM ne kiyaa| avikRta vizuddha svarUpa meM saMrakSita vedoM ke samAna dUsarA koI bhI prAcInatama jJAnanidhi Aja saMsAra meM nahIM hai| vizeSa Azcarya yAne yaha sArI mahAn jJAnarAzi vaidikoM ne kaNThastha karate hue surakSita rkhii| isake lie aSTa "vikRti" yukta vedapaThana kI adbhUta paddhati unhoMne cAlU kii| "jaTA mAlA zikhA rekhA dhvajo daNDo ratho ghnH|" aSTau vikRtayaH proktAH kramapUrvAH mhrssibhiH|| isa zloka meM una ATha vikRtiyoM yAne paddhatiyoM kA yathAkrama nAmanirdeza kiyA hai| paThana kI isa paddhati ke kAraNa hI 6/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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vedoM meM vikRtatA nirmANa nahIM huii| vedoM kA rakSaNa evaM vedArtha kI mImAMsA ke uddezya se "anukramaNI" nAmaka sUcI graMthoM kI racanA huii| isake dvArA kisI bhI maMtra ke RSi, devatA aura chaMda kA patA milatA hai| zaunaka kI anuvAkAnukramaNI aura kAtyAyana kI sarvAnukramaNI graMtha prasiddha haiN| mAdhavabhaTTa ne bhI do sarvAnukramaNiyAM likhiiN| yajurveda kI zuklayajuH sarvAnukramaNI, atharvaveda kI bRhatsarvAnukramaNI aura sAmaveda kI aneka anukramaNiyAM vidyamAna haiN|' vedoM kI utpatti ke viSaya meM prAcIna graMthoM meM ekavAkyatA nahIM dikhAI detii| eka mata hai ki veda paramAtmA ke mukha se nikale zabda haiN| purANavAGmaya meM isI dRSTi se AvirbhUta, viniHsRta utsRSTa Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| paraMparA ke anusAra brahmA ke cAra mukhoM se cAra vedoM kA nirmANa mAnA jAtA hai| brahmA ko hI prajApati kahA gayA hai| unakA huMkAra prathama RSiyoM ne sunA isaliye use "zruti' kahA gyaa| veda zabdarUpa hone se AkAza se utpanna hue, yaha bhI eka mata hai| zabda, AkAza kA hI guNa hai| hRdayAkAza yA cidAkAza se jo divya vANI prakaTa huI, vahI veda khlaaii| yaha vANI tapasyA meM nimagna RSiyoM ke aMtaHkaraNa meM prakaTa huI - isI kAraNa vedoM kI sphUrti jina RSiyoM ko huI, ve maMtroM ke draSTA the (racayitA nahIM) yaha mAnA jAtA hai| viSNupurANa meM vedoM kA pravartana viSNu bhagavAna dvArA kahA hai| anya purANoM meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki veda kI prApti vAmadeva yAne ziva se huI / ziva ke jo pAMca mukha haiM, unameM eka vAmadeva hai| Rk, yajus, sAma kA mUlasthAna bhI rUdra hI hai| kaI purANoM meM, vedoM kI nirmiti oMkAra yA praNava se mAnI gaI hai| zivapurANa (7, 6, 27) ke anusAra a, u, m aura sUkSma nAda se Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda evaM atharvaveda nirmANa hue| bhagavadgItA (7, 8) ke anusAra sArA vAGmaya hI oMkAra se nirmita hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki pahale veda eka mAtra thaa| vaha oMkArasvarUpa thaa| devImAhAtmya meM devI ko yaha zretra diyA gayA hai / matsyapurANa meM gAyatrI ko vedamAtA mAnA gayA hai| kucha purANoM meM sUrya se vedoM kI utpatti kahI gaI hai| prAraMbhika avasthA meM veda ekamAtra thaa| bhagavAna vyAsa RSi ne yajJavidhi ke anusAra usa kA cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjana kiyaa| isI kAraNa unheM "vedavyAsa" (yAne vedoM kA vibhAjana athavA vistAra karane vAle) kahate haiN| cAroM vedoM kA maNDala, aSTaka, varga, sUkta, anuvAk, khaNDa, kANDa, prazna, chaMda ityAdi vividha prakAroM se vargIkaraNa kiyA gyaa| gadya aura padya bhAga ke pratyeka akSara kA parigaNana huaa| saba prakAra ke dhArmika karmoM meM vedamaMtroM kA yathocita viniyoga kara, vaidika hiMduoM ne vedoM ko apanI jIvanapaddhati meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyaa| saMhitA aura brAhmaNa "mantra-brAhmaNayoH vedanAmadheyam" isa vacana ke anusAra mantra aura brAhmaNa svarUpa vAGmaya ko veda kahate haiN| mantroM ke samuccaya ko "saMhitA' kahate haiN| arthAt saMhitA aura brAhmaNa grantha milAkara vedavAGmaya hotA hai| "brAhmaNa' - nAmaka granthoM meM saMhitA ke mantroM kA savistara vivaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yajJayAgoM kA savistara pratipAdana yahI brAhmaNa granthoM kA mukhya uddezya hai aura usI dRSTi se unameM vedoM kA vivaraNa kiyA hai| brAhmaNa graMthoM ke tIna vibhAga hote haiM- (1) brAhmaNa, (2) AraNyaka aura (3) upnissd| isa prakAra saMpUrNa vaidika vAGmaya meM (1) maMtra saMhitA (2) brAhmaNa, (3) AraNyaka aura (4) upaniSad inakA mukhyataH antarbhAva hotA hai| pratipAdya viSaya kI dRSTi se vedoM ke do vibhAga mAne jAte haiM :- (1) karmakANDa aura (2) jnyaankaanndd| saMhitA, brAhmaNa aura aMzataH AraNyaka inameM pramukhatayA vaidika karmakANDa kA aura upaniSadoM meM kevala jJAnakANDa kA pratipAdana milatA hai| isa caturvidha vaidika vAGmaya kA mAnavI jIvana ke, brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsa ina cAra AzramoM se saMbaMdha joDA jAtA hai| brahmacaryAzrama meM saMhitAoM kA paThana, gRhasthAzrama meM, brAhmaNa granthAnusAra yajJa-yAgAdi karmoM kA AcaraNa, vAnaprasthAzrama meM araNyavAsa karate hue, AraNyakoM ke adhyayana dvArA yajJa ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa kA Akalana aura saMnyAsa Azrama meM karmakANDa kA parityAga kara upaniSadoM kA zravaNa, manana, aura nididhyAsana karate hue, parama puruSArtha (mokSa) kI prApti, isa prakAra caturvidha vedavAGmaya kA jIvana kI caturvidha avasthAoM se vaidikoM ne saMbaMdha joDA thaa| zrIzaMkarAcArya ke anusAra, vaidika dharma pravRttipara aura nivRttipara mAnA huA hai| (dvividho hi vaidiko dharmaH pravRttilakSaNaH nivRttilakSaNaH ca) vaidika vAGmaya kI saMhitA aura brAhmaNoM kA pravRttipara dharma se aura AraNyaka (aMzataH) tathA upaniSadoM kA nivRttipara dharma se saMbaMdha mAnA gayA hai| prasthAnatrayI upaniSad vAGmaya, vedoM kA antima bhAga hone ke kAraNa, use 'vedAnta' bhI kahate haiN| bAdarAyaNa vyAsa RSi ne upaniSadoM ko vyavasthita rUpa dene ke lie brahmasUtra athavA zArIraka sUtroM kI racanA kii| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM bhI (brahmasUtroM ke samAna) upaniSadoM kA sAra-sarvasva samAviSTa hone ke kAraNa, vedAnta vAGmaya meM upaniSadoM ke sAtha brahmasUtra aura bhagavadgItA kA bhI antarbhAva hotA hai saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aura una tInoM ko milAkara "prasthAnatrayI' kahate haiN| arthAt vaidika dharma kA saMpUrNa svarUpa yathArthatayA samajhane ke lie saMhitA, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka aura upaniSadoM ke sAtha hI brahmasUtra aura bhagavadgItA kA bhI adhyayana nitAnta Avazyaka hai| saMhitA, brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka (aMzataH) pravRttipara vaidika dharma kI prasthAnatrayI hai aura upaniSad brahmasUtra aura gItA nivRttipara vaidika dharma kI prasthAnatrayI hai| RksaMhitA, yajuHsaMhitA aura sAmasaMhitA ko milAkara "trayI' kahate hai| 2 Rgveda saMhitA prasiddha jyotiHzAstrajJa varAhamihira kahate haiM ki, "vedo hi yajJArthamabhipravRttAH' - arthAt vedoM kI nirmiti paramAtmA ne yajJoM ke lie hI kI hai| yajJavidhi meM hotA, adhvaryu, udgAtA aura brahmA nAmaka cAra RtvijoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai aura una cAroM kA Rga, yajus, sAma aura atharva veda se yathAkrama saMbaMdha rahatA hai| yajJavidhiM ke samaya viziSTa devatAoM kA prazaMsApara mantroM vdArA AvAhana karanevAle Rtvik ko "hotA" kahate haiN| devatAoM ke AvAhana ke nimitta Avazyaka mantroM kA saMkalana jisa saMhitA meM huA hai vahI hai RksaMhitA athavA Rgved| "Rcyate-stUyate pratipAdyaH arthaH yathA sA Rk" - yAne jisa mantra dvArA pratipAdya viSaya kA stavana kiyA jAtA hai use "Rk" kahate hai| ina RcAoM kA samUha yAne Rgveda - (RcAM samUho RgvedH|) Rgveda saMhitA meM sabhI mantra pAdabaddha athavA chandobaddha hote hai| isa Rgveda kA sUkta aura maNDala rUpa meM vibhAjana zAkala RSi ne kiyaa| "sUkta" yAne jina mantroM meM RSi kI kAmanA saMpUrNatayA vyakta hotI hai aisA mantrAtmaka stotra- (saMpUrNaRSikAmaM tu suuktmitybhidhiiyte| - bRhaddevatA) vaidika sUkta cAra prakAra ke hote haiM : (1) RSisUkta - arthAta eka hI RSi ke maMtroM kA samUha / (2) devatAsUkta - arthAt eka hI devatA kI stuti kA mntrsmuuh| (3) arthasUkta - arthAt eka viziSTa artha kI samApti taka ke maMtroM kA samUha / aura (4) chandaHsUkta - arthAt samAna chanda ke maMtroM kA smuuh| Rgveda kA vibhAjana aura bhI do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai: (1) maNDala, anuvAk evaM sUkta aura (2) aSTaka, adhyAya, vrg| saMpUrNa Rgveda saMhitA meM 10 maNDala, 85 anuvAk aura 1017 sUkta haiN| athavA 8 aSTaka, 64 adhyAya aura 208 varga vidyamAna haiN| sAre maMtra 15 chaMdoM meM racita haiM jinameM gAyatrI, uSNik, anuSTupa, paMkti, bRhatI aura jagatI pramukha mAne jAte haiN| saMpUrNa maMtroM kI saMkhyA hai 10580 zabdoM kI saMkhyA hai 1,53,826 aura akSaroM kI saMkhyA 4,32,000 hai| Rgveda kA prAraMbha agnisUkta se aura aMta saMjJAnasUkta se hotA hai| - Rgveda ke draSTA Rgveda meM aneka RSiyoM kA nirdeza huA hai| bhAratIya paraMparA ke anusAra RSi maMtroM ke "draSTA" haiM, racayitA nahIM [RSayo mantradraSTAraH / RSirdarzanAt (yAskAcArya)] Rgveda ke RSigaNa anyAnya kuTuMboM se saMbaMdhita haiN| kevala prathama aura dazama maNDala meM anyAnya parivAra ke RSi ke maMtra saMgRhIta kie hue haiN| AThave maNDala meM kaNva aura aMgirA RSi ke maMtra haiN| isa maNDala meM "pragAtha"- nAmaka chaMda kA prAdhAnya hone ke kAraNa, isa maNDala ke RSiyoM ko "pragAtha" kahate haiN| navama maNDala meM somaviSayaka maMtroM kA saMgraha hai| soma ko "pavamAna" yAne pAvana karanevAlA kahate haiN| ataH isa maNDala ko "pavamAna maNDala" kahate haiN| dazama maNDala meM anyAnya kuloM ke RSiyoM ke maMtroM kA saMgraha hai| isa maNDala meM kevala devatAstuti ke atirikta anya viSayoM kA bhI samAveza huA hai| dvitIya maNDala se saptama maNDala taka eka eka kula ke hI RSiyoM me mantroM kA saMgraha hai| jaise :- maNDala 2-gRtsmd| 3-vishvaamitr| 4-vaamdev| 5-atri| 6-bhaardvaaj| 7-vsisstth| __ kucha anveSakoM ke matAnusAra Rgveda kA dazama maNDala uttarakAlIna mAnA jAtA hai| pahale aura dasave maNDala ke sUktoM kI saMkhyA pratyekazaH 191 hai| vyAsakRta caraNavyUha nAmaka graMtha meM (jisa para mahIdAsa kI mahattvapUrNa TIkA upalabdha hai) Rgveda kI pAca zAkhAeM batAI haiM:- (1) zAkala, (2) bASkala, (3) AzvalAyana, (4) zAMkhAyanI aura (5) maanndduukeyii| inameM se Aja zAkala aura bASkala zAkhA kI hI saMhitA upalabdha hai| Rgveda saMhitA nirmANa hone ke pazcAt use zuddha svarUpa meM surakSita rakhane ke lie tathA arthajJAna ke lie usakA "padapATha" taiyAra karane kA kArya zAkalya RSi ne kiyaa| zAkalya kA samaya, niruktakAra yAska (I. 3 zatI) aura RprAtizAkhyakAra zonaka (IsA pUrva) se bhI prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| isa kA kAraNa yahI hai ki, yAskAcArya ne zAkalya ke vacana uddhata kie haiM aura RprAtizAkhya kI racanA zAkalya ke padapATha para hI AdhArita hai| Rgveda ke sUktoM meM mantroM kI saMkhyA 3 se 58 taka hai| tathApi sAmAnyataH pratyeka sUkta kI maMtrasaMkhyA 10 se 13 taka dikhAI detI hai| skRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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RgvedI paraMparA bhagavAna vyAsa ke RgvedI ziSya paila RSi ne apanI saMhitA ke do vibhAga kara, eka bASkala ko aura dUsarI indrapramiti ko pddhaaii| bASkala kI zAkhA meM bAdhya, agnimAThara, parAzara aura jAtukarNya ityAdi ziSya-paraMparA nirmANa huii| indrapramiti kI zAkhA meM, mANDUkeya, satyazravA, satyahita, sAyazriya, devamitra, zAkalya, rathItara, zAkapUNi, bASkalI, bhAradvAja ityAdi ziSya-paraMparA nirmANa huii| ina meM devamitra aura zAkalya ne ziSya paraMparA kA adhika vistAra kiyaa| Rgveda kI 21 zAkhAoM meM zAkala, bASkala, AzvalAyana, zAMkhAyana aura mANDUkeya yaha pAca zAkhAeM pramukha mAnI jAtI haiN| tathApi unameM kevala zAkala zAkhA kI saMhitA Aja upalabdha hai aura usI kA sarvatra adhyayana hotA hai| zAMkhAyana zAkhA kI saMhitA upalabdha nahIM hai (kahate haiM ki pAMDulipi vidyamAna hai|) tathApi zAMkhAyana zAkhIya brAhmaNa, AraNyaka aura kalpasUtra (zrauta aura gRhaya) upalabdha haiN| usI prakAra zAMkhAyanoM ke (zAkhAyana, kauSItakI, mahAkauSItakI aura zAvadhya nAmaka) cAra vibhAgoM meM se, kevala kauSItakI zAkhA ke brAhmaNa, AraNyaka, zrautasUtra aura kalpagraMtha upalabdha haiN| 3 vedakAla pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne anyAnya pramANoM ke AdhAra para veda saMhitAoM kI racanA kA kAla nirdhArita karane ke jo prayAsa kie ve sarvathA abhinandanIya haiN| paraMtu isa viSaya meM Aja taka vidvAnoM meM ekavAkyatA nahIM ho sakI aura Age calakara vaha hone kI saMbhAvanA bhI nahIM hai| bhAratIya prAcIna paraMparA ke anusAra veda ke AvirbhAva kA kAlanirNaya karanA asaMbhava mAnA gayA hai| itihAsajJoM ke matAnusAra veda saMsAra kI Adya jJAnarAzi mAnI gayI hai| usakI nirmiti ke viSaya meM isA pUrva 1000 se 75000 varSoM taka kA kAla nirdhArita karane vAle gatabheda prasiddha haiN| isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM ke mata nimna prakAra haiN| pro. maiksamUlara IsApUrva 13 vIM sadI pro. luDavig IsApUrva 45 se 60 vIM sadI pro. maikaDonela IsApUrva 13 vIM sadI pro. hAga IsApUrva 45 se 60 vIM sadI pro. vebara IsApUrva 15 se 12 vIM sadI lokamAnya tilaka IsApUrva 45 se 60 vIM sadI pro. vhiTanI IsApUrva 20 se 15 vIM sadI zrI zaMkara bAlakRSNa paavgii| IsApUrva 70 vIM sadI pro. kejI IsApUrva 20 vIM sadI zrI avinAzacaMdra dAsa IsApUrva 250 se 750 vIM sadI pro. yAkobI IsApUrva 45 se 60 vIM sadI vedakAla ke viSaya meM ina vidvAnoM ne apanA mata pratipAdana karane ke lie jo vividha yuktivAda yA tarka prastuta kie, unakA sArAMza isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai : pro. maiksamUlara kA kahanA hai ki, bauddha dharma kA udgama brAhmaNa dharma kI pratikriyA meM arthAt vaidika dharmamatoM kA virodha aura khaMDana karane ke lie hI huaa| arthAt bauddha dharma ke udgama (IsApUrva 500) ke pahale saMpUrNa vaidika vAGmaya se sUtra, brAhmaNa aura saMhitA kI racanA kA kAla pro. maiksamUlara ne sAmAnya tarka ke AdhAra para isa prakAra nirdhArita kiyA hai: sUtrakAla - i. pU. 600 se 200 tk| brAhmaNakAla - i. pU. 800 se 600 taka / saMhitAkAla - i. pU. 1000 se 800 tk| kAvyavikAsa ke lie sAmAnyataH do sau varSoM kA samaya lagatA hai isa kAraNa vaidika sAhitya kA AraMbha IsA pUrva 1200 se 1000 varSoM taka hI mAnanA yogya hogA aisA maiksamUlara ke pratipAdana kA sAra hai| pro. yAkobI aura lokamAnya tilaka sana 1893 meM jarmanI ke baoNna zahara meM pro. yAkobI aura mahArASTra ke puNe zahara meM lokamAnya tilaka, jina donoM kA / paraspara koI saMparka yA saMbaMdha nahIM thA, vedakAla ke viSaya meM anveSaNa kara rahe the| donoM kI kAlanirdhAraNa kI paddhati alaga alaga thI; paraMtu donoM kA niSkarSa eka samAna nikala aayaa| unake pratipAdana kA saMkSepa isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai : brAhmaNa kAla meM nakSatroM kI gaNanA kRtikA se hotI thii| vedoM meM unheM eka varNa milA, jisa meM kahA hai ki kRttikAoM ke udaya kAla meM "vAsantI saMkrAnti" (vharnala ekvinaoNksa) bhI ho rahI thii| grahagati kI gaNanA ke AdhAra para ina vidvAnoM ne niSkarSa nikAlA ki, IsApUrva sana 2500 meM kRttikA nakSatra ke udayakAla para, "vAsantI saMkrAnti' honA saMbhava hai, arthAta brAhmaNa graMdhoM kA racanAkAla vahI hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| vaidika saMhitA meM unheM aura eka aisA varNana milA ki jisake anusAra mRgazirA nakSatra meM vAsantI saMkrAnti ho rahI thii| ayanagati kI gaNanA ke anusAra sRSTicakra meM yaha avasthA IsApUrva sana 4500 meM ho sakatI hai| arthAt yahI saMhitA kI racanA kA kAla honA saMbhava hai| saMskata vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lokamAnya tilaka aura yAkobI ina donoM paMDitoM ne jyotiSazAstra ke AdhAra para saMhitA aura brAhmaNa graMthoM kI racanA kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA hai, phira bhI donoM ke pratipAdana meM aMtara hai| yAkobI IsApUrva 4500 se 2500 taka saMhitAkAla mAnate haiM aura isa kAla ke uttarArdha meM saMhitAoM kI racanA mAnate haiN| jaba ki lokamAnya tilaka IsApUrva 4500 se 2500 varSa pIche jAkara, IsApUrva 6000 meM saMhitA kI nirmiti mAnate haiN| pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI vedakAlanirNaya ke viSaya meM dRSTi kisa prakAra kI thI isa kI kalpanA isa udAharaNa se ThIka samajha meM A sakatI hai| viMTaraniTjha kA mata jyotiSa aura bhUgarbhazAstra ke AdhAra para vedoM kA kAla I. pU. 6000 athavA 2500 mAnanA viMTaraniTjha yogya nahIM smjhte| ve brAhmaNa graMthoM ke AdhAra para pANini ne apane vyAkaraNa meM nirdhArita kI huI saMskRta bhASA aura azoka ke zilAlekhoM kI (i. sa. 300) bhASA, inakA vaidika bhASA se sAmya dhyAna meM lekara, Rgveda kA samaya isI (yAkobI aura tilaka dvArA nirdhArita) kAlakhaMDa meM saMbhavanIya mAnate haiN| zilAlekhoM kA adhyayana karanevAle vidvAnoM ne yaha mata pratipAdana kiyA hai ki I. pU. 300 taka dakSiNa bhArata meM AryoM kA tathAkathita brAhmaNadharma dRDhamUla ho cukA thaa| bodhAyana aura ApastaMba ityAdi vaidika zAkhAoM kA pracAra bhI isa isa samaya taka dakSiNa meM ho gayA thaa| arthAt uttara se dakSiNa kI ora pragati karane vAle AryoM kA dakSiNadigvijaya (jise aneka vidvAna sarvathA kAlpanika aura anaitihAsika mAnate haiM) I. pU. 700-800 taka pUrNa ho cukA hogaa| vijaya pAne para dharmapracAra karane meM kAphI avadhi lagatI hai| ataH I.pU. 300 AryoM ke dakSiNa-digvijaya kA kAla mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| I. pU. 300 AryoM ke dakSiNa meM pahuMce hoMge to, bhArata ke uttara meM aura aphagAnistAna meM unakA vAstavya I. pU. 1200 se 1500 kI avadhi meM rahA hogaa| isI samaya ke pUrva siMdhu nadI ke kinAre para vedoM kI racanA honA saMbhava hai| je. harTala nAmaka vidvAna, Rgveda kI racanA bhArata kI vAyavya dizA meM nahIM maante| ve jharatuSTa (i. pU. 500) ke bAda meM IrAna meM vedoM kI racanA mAnate the| . prA. bUlara, pAMca-sAtaso varSoM kI alpAvadhi meM AryoM kA akhila bhAratIya digvijaya saMbhavanIya nahIM mAnate paraMtu olDenabarga use saMbhAvya mAnate hai| pro. jI. hyUsiMga ne kUnIphArma zilAlekha ke kucha nAmoM kA aisA kucha rUpAMtara kiyA hai ki jisa kAraNa ve nAma bhAratIya nAmoM se mela khAte haiN| una nAmoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki Arya loga I. pU. 1000 ke Age-pIche ArminiyA se aphagAnisthAna meM Ae hoMge aura vahIM unhoMne vedoM kI racanA kI hogI, kyoM ki vedoM meM varNita kucha prAkRtika varNana aphagAnistAna ke prAkRtika dRzyoM se mela khAte haiN| bodhAjhakoI kA iSTikAlekha 1907 meM eziyA mAyanara ke bodhAjhakoI nAmaka sthAna meM, hyUgo vikalara nAmaka anveSaka ko, eka iSTikAlekha prApta huaa| lekha kA saMbaMdha hiTTAiTa aura miTTAnI ke rAjAoM meM huI saMdhi se hai| yaha ghaTanA I. pU. 14 vIM zatAbdI kI mAnI gaI hai| lekha meM saMdhi ke saMrakSaka devatAoM kI nAmAvali meM bAbilonI aura hiTTAiTa kI devatAoM ke nAmoM ke sAtha mitra, varuNa, iMdra aura nAsatyau ina miTAnI (athavA mitanI) devatAoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza aura kucha bhAratIya paddhati ke saMkhyA citra bhI milate haiN| ina vaidika devatAoM ke nAmoM ke kAraNa isa iSTakAlekha lekha ko vaidika anveSakoM kI dRSTi se asAdhAraNa mahattva prApta huaa| suprasiddha itihAsajJa eDavarDa meyara kahate haiM ki jisa kAlakhaMDa meM bhAratIya aura IrAnI samAjoM kI bhASA aura dharmapraNAlI avibhakta thI usa kAla meM mesopoTomiyA aura sIriyA ina pradezoM meM AryoM kA praveza ho cukA thaa| isI kAla meM Arya loga bhArata ke vAyavya pradeza meM vAstavya karane lage the| isI kAraNa I. pUrva. 14 vIM zatI ke bodhAjhakoI iSTakAlekha meM mitra, varuNa, iMdra nAsatyau ina vaidika devatAoM kA nAmollekha milatA hai| evam AryoM kI IrAna se aphagAnisthAna dvArA siMdhu nadI kI dizA se honevAlI pragati aura vedoM meM upalabdha saptasiMdhu pradeza kA varNana ina do bAtoM kA samanvaya karate hue kucha vidvAnoM ne vedaracanA kA kAla I. pU. 1400 pahale kA mAnA hai| bodhAjhakoI ke saMdarbha meM eka svAbhAvika zaMkA yaha hai ki mUlataH bhAratavAsI Arya loga digvijaya athavA vaivAhika saMbaMdhoM ke kAraNa, pazcima kI ora Age baDhe hoMge aura I. pU. 14 vIM zatAbdI meM bodhAjhakoI kI ghaTanA meM apanI iSTa devatAoM ke nAma sandhilekha meM unhoMne praviSTa kie hoNge| pAzcAtya matAnuyAyI vidvAnoM ko yaha sayuktika zaMkA eka cunautI hai aura usakA nirasana karanA unake lie kaThina hai| vebara ke matAnusAra I. pU. 16 vIM zatAbdI meM IrAna ke Asa pAsa rahanevAle logoM ke samUha ne bhArata kI ora prasthAna bhoM kA nAmollekha milatA kAraNa I. pUrva. 14 vIM zatAza ho cukA thaa| isI kAra dharmapraNAlI 10 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kiyaa| siMdhu nadI ke taTa para nivAsa karate samaya isa samUha ke vidvAnoM ne vaidika RcAoM kI racanA kii| una RcAoM ke saMgraha ko hI Rgveda kahate haiN| maMtra, brAhmaNa aura sUtra inakI nirmiti kA maiksamUlara ke mAne hue sUtrakAla (I. pU. 1200-1000) ke bAre meM vhiTanI kA matabheda hai| chaMdoM kA kAla vhiTanI ke matAnasAra I.pU. 2000 se 1500 taka mAnA gayA hai| pro. keNI ne vhiTanI ke mata ko apanI anumati dI hai| pro. hAga ne vedAMga jyotiSa ke AdhAra para vedakAla kA nirNaya karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| apane adhyayana se pro. hAga ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki, I. pU. 12 vIM zatAbdI ke pahale bhAratIyoM kA jyotiSa zAstra kA jJAna itanA adhika pragata huA thA ki (1) ve nakSatra-tArakAoM ke viSaya meM sUkSma nirIkSaNa kara sakate the| (2) brAhmaNa graMthoM meM prAyaH sabhI kriyA karmoM kA samAveza ho cukA thaa| hAga ke matAnusAra brAhmaNoM kI racanA kA samaya I. pU. 1400 se 1200 taka aura saMhitAoM kI racanA kA kAla I. pU. 2000 se 1400 taka nirdhArita huA hai| tathApi kucha RcAoM evaM yajJavidhi meM maMtroM kA kAla isa ke kaI zataka pahale ho sakatA hai| tAtparya vaidika sAhitya kA prAraMbha kAla I. pU. 24 vIM zatAbdI mAnane meM pratyavAya nahIM honA caahie| saMbhavataH yahI Rgveda kA prAraMbha kAla thaa| "catvArIti vA anyAni nakSatrANi arthataH evaM bhUyiSThA yat kRttikAsvAdadhIta etA ha vai prAco dizo na cyvnte| sarvANi ha vA anyAni nakSatrANi prAcya dizazcavante" isa maMtra ke AdhAra para Rgveda kA samaya nirdhArita karane kA prayatna jyotirvidoM ne kiyA hai| prastuta maMtra meM kahA hai ki, anya sAre nakSatra pUrva dizA kI ora jAte haiM, paraMtu kRttikA nakSatrapuMja pUrva kI ora nahIM jaataa| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke isa varNana ke anusAra kRttikA nakSatra kI sthiti I. pU. 3000 ke samaya ho sakatI hai| ataH vahI kRttikA nakSatra kA kAla ho sakatA hai| taittirIya saMhitA, zatapatha se pUrvakAlIna hone ke kAraNa, usakA samaya zatapatha se do sau varSa pUrva mAnA jA sakatA hai| tAtparyataH Rgveda saMhitA I. pU. 3200 se bhI pUrvakAlIna honI caahie| lokamAnya tilaka lokamAnya tilaka kA sAMskRtika kArya unake rAjanaitika kArya jaisA hI mahAna thaa| prAcIna saMskRta vAGmaya ke kSetra meM unakA yogadAna aneka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| unhoMne saMpUrNa saMskRta vAGmaya meM yatra tatra upalabdha jyotiHzAstra viSayaka nirdezoM ke AdhAra para vaidika vAGmaya kI nirmiti ke cAra vibhAga kiye haiM : (1) mRgazIrSa-pUrva kAla (prI-orAyana pIriyaDa)-I. pU. 6000 se 4000 (2) mRgazIrSakAla-(orAyana pIriyaDa) I. pU. 4000 se 2500 (3) kRttikAkAla-I. pU. 2500 se 1400 (4) sUtrakAla-I. pU. 1400 se 500 apane "orAyana" (mRgazIrSa) nAmaka pANDityapUrNa graMtha kI prastAvanA meM lokamAnyajI ne, vedakAla viSayaka apanA mata-pratipAdana spaSTatayA kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki "Rgveda meM nirdezita paraMparA jisa jisa kAla kA saMketa karatI hai, vaha kAla I. pU. 4000 ke bAda kA nahIM hai| yaha kAla yAne, jaba vasaMta saMpAta mRgazIrSa meM hotA thA, arthAt mRgazIrSa se viSuvIya varSa kA prAraMbha hotA thaa| Rgveda kA yahI kAla jarmana paMDita pro. kAyAkobIne ne bhI nirdhArita kiyA hai| unhoMne apanA niSkarSa, Rgveda se Adhunika kAla taka, Rtu cakra meM jo kramazaH parivartana hue, usake AdhAra para kiyA hai| DA. rAmakRSNa gopAla bhAMDArakara ne vedoM meM prayukta "asura" zabda kA "asirIyan" zabda se sAmya dikhAte hue I. pU. 2500 taka veda-racanA kA kAla nizcita kiyA hai| . atharvaveda kA kAla arthavaveda kA nAma-nirdeza RgvedIya zAMkhAyana tathA AzvAlAyana zrauta sUtroM meM, kRSNa yajurvedI taittirIya brAhmaNa meM, zukla yajurvedI zatapatha brAhmaNa meM aura pataMjali ke vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya meM milatA hai| ina brAhmaNa graMthoM ne vedatrayI se isa caturthaveda kA saMbaMdha joDA hai aura ise trayI kA "zukra' arthAta rahasya mAnA hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki, isa meM tInoM vedoM ke maMtra saMgRhIta hue hai| __ bhASA kI dRSTi se RgvedIya maMtroM kA aMza choDa kara, anya maMtroM kI bhASA meM, bhASAzAstrajJoM kI dRSTi se apanI kucha nijI vizeSatA mAnI jAtI hai / tathApi kevala usI eka pramANa ke AdhAra para isa saMhitA kI racanA kA kAla nizcita karanA kaThina hai| ___ Rgveda aura atharvaveda meM kucha bhaugolika aura sAMskRtika citraNa anokhA sA milatA hai| jaise Rgveda meM citraka (cItA) kA ullekha nahIM hai, paraMtu atharvaveda meM usa vanya prANI kA ullekha AtA hai| yaha prANI baMgAla meM adhika saMkhyA meM dikhatA hai ataH atharvaveda kA saMbaMdha usa pradeza se mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jaisA hai aura kiyA jAtA hai| isa parohita abhicAra manAlI yaha bhinnasvarUpa vicAra nA Rgveda aura atharvaveda meM cAra varNo kA nAmollekha hai paraMtu atharvaveda meM brAhmaNa kA zreSThatva (jo Rgveda meM nahIM milatA) batAyA gayA hai| atharvaveda meM brAhmaNa ko "bhUdeva" mAnA gayA hai aura use paurohitya kA adhikAra hai| Rgveda meM jina devatAoM kA svarUpa prAkRtika dRzyoM sA hai, unakA darzana atharvaveda meM AsurI aura vinAzaka svarUpa meM hotA hai| isa prakAra ke kucha pramANoM ke AdhAra para atharvaveda kA uttarakAlInatva siddha kiyA jAtA hai paraMtu Rgveda meM atharvA kA nirdeza dekha kara donoM vedoM ke samakAlInatva kA bhI tarka kiyA jAtA haiN| tathApi RgvedIya devatAoM kA svarUpa prAkRtika zakti jaisA hai aura RSiyoM dvArA unakI bhaktipUrNa stuti kI jAtI hai| ve devatA mAnavoM kI icchApUrti karate haiM, isalie unheM balibhAga arpaNa kara prasanna kiyA jAtA hai| isake viruddha atharvaveda meM una devatAoM kA paizAcika svarUpa aura mAnavoM para Apatti lAne kI unakI vRtti dekha kara, AbhicArika purohita abhicAra maMtroM ke prayoga se unheM dUra haTAne kA aura kvacit prasanna karane kA prayatna karatA hai| samakAlIna mAnI gaI saMhitAoM meM dikhanevAlI yaha bhinnasvarUpa vicAradhArA cintanIya hai| ___4 yajurveda saMhitA yajJavidhi meM dUsare Rtvik ko adhvaryu kahate haiN| yajJa kA sArA kriyAtmaka anuSThAna adhvaryu dvArA hI hotA hai| yaha adhvaryu jisa veda ke maMtroM kA prayoga karatA hai, vaha hai yjurved| ataH yajurveda ko hI adhvaryuveda kahate haiN| yajurveda ke mantra pradhAnatayA gadyAtmaka haiN| (gadyAtmako yajuH) / athavA jina mantroM ke akSaroM kA anta anizcita hotA hai use yaju kahate haiM- (aniyatAkSarAvasAno yajuH) / ___"yajus" zabda jisa "yaj' dhAtu se sAdhita huA, usa dhAtu ke devapUjA, saMgatikaraNa aura dAna (yaj devapUjA saMgatikaraNadAneSu) ye tIna artha pANinIya dhAtupATha meM kahe haiN| tadanusAra yajurveda ke mantroM kA devapUjA ityAdi dhArmika vidhiyoM se saMbaMdha rahatA hai| RcAoM se stavana aura yaju se yajana karanA cAhie (RgbhiHstuvanti yajurbhiH yajanti) aisA sampradAya hai| pataMjali ke vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya meM kahA hai ki, "ekazatam adhvryushaakhaaH| yajurekazatAtmakam" yAne yajurveda kI eka sau eka zAkhAeM thii| paraMtu Aja unameM se kevala pAca zAkhAeM vidyamAna haiM : (1) kaTha zAkhA - isakI kapiSThala nAmaka upazAkhA thI vaha Aja lupta ho cukI hai| isa zAkhA ke brAhmaNa kAzmIra meM atyalpa saMkhyA meM milate haiN| (2) kAlApa zAkhA - isakA dUsarA nAma hai maitraaynnii| Aja isa zAkhA ke loga gujarAta meM kahIM kahIM milate haiN| maitrAyaNI saMhitA ke cAra kAMDa haiM jinameM 54 prapAThaka haiN| pro. zroDara ne kAThakI va kAlApa zAkhAoM kA saMpAdana kiyA hai| yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA meM sAta kAMDa haiM jinake 44 prapAThaka haiN| isI saMhitA kI (3) Apastamba aura (4) hiraNyakezI nAmaka do zAkhAeM vidyamAna haiN| ina zAkhAoM ke brAhmaNa godAvarI ke parisara meM hote haiN| prAcIna kAla meM taittirIya athavA ApastaMba zAkhA ke loga narmadA ke dakSiNa pradeza meM rahate the| (5) vAjasaneyI zAkhA - RSi yAjJavalkya isa zAkhA ke pravartaka mAne gae haiN| vAjasaneyI saMhitA kI kANva aura mAdhyandina nAmaka do upazAkhAeM hai| kANvazAkhIya mahArASTra meM aura mAdhyandina zAkhIya madhyabhArata tathA IzAnya pradeza meM milate haiN| yAjJavalkya kI vAjasaneyI saMhitA meM 40 adhyAya haiM / aMtima 40 vAM adhyAya hI IzAvAsyopaniSad nAma se prasiddha hai| isa prakAra yajurveda kI jo pAMca zAkhAeM Aja yatra tatra vidyamAna haiM unameM se kaTha-kapiSThala, kAlApa, (maitrAyaNI), taittirIya aura kAThaka ina zAkhAoM kA kRSNa yajurveda meM antarbhAva hotA hai| yajurveda ke dUsare bhAga kA nAma hai zukla yajurveda athavA vAjasaneyI sNhitaa| kANva aura mAdhyandina, zukla yajurveda kI upazAkhAeM haiN| yajurveda kA vargIkaraNa zukla (vAjasaneyI) kRSNa (taittirIya) kANva mAdhyandina ApastaMba kaTha kAThaka hiraNyakezI (kapiSThala) kAlakApa (maitrAyaNI) __ yajurveda kI zukla aura kRSNa saMjJAoM kA eka kAraNa yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki- zukla yajurveda kI saMhitA meM kevala maMtroM kA hI saMgraha hai| unakA viniyoga batAnevAle brAhmaNa bhAga kA mizraNa isa saMhitA meM nahIM hai| ataH ise "zukla' saMjJA dI gii| kRSNa yajurveda meM chaMdobaddha maMtra aura unakA viniyoga batAnevAle gadyAtmaka vAkya, donoM kA mizraNa pAyA jAtA hai| ina saMjJAoM kA dUsarA kAraNa, eka prasiddha kathA ke dvArA batAyA jAtA hai| vaha kathA isa prakAra hai : vedavyAsa ne saMpUrNa 12 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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yajurveda vaizaMpAyana ko pddhaayaa| vaizampAyana ne yAjJavalkya ko vaha pddh'aayaa| gurU-ziSya ke jhagar3e meM vaizampAyana ne kruddha hokara yAjJavalkya se apanA jJAna vApisa mAMga liyaa| ahaMkArI yAbalkya ne usakA vamana kiyA, jisakA cayana vaizaMpAyana ke anya ziSyoM ne tittirI pakSiyoM ke rUpa meM kiyaa| isaliye usa veda saMhitA kA nAma taittirIya saMhitA kahA gyaa| purAnI vidyA kA vamana karane para yAjJavalkya ne navIna vedavidyA kI prApti ke lie sUrya bhagavAna kI ArAdhanA kii| prasanna hokara sUrya ne vAjI (ghoDA) kA rUpa lekara yAjJavalkya ko naI saMhitA pradAna kii| isI naI saMhitA kA nAma hai zukla yajurveda / yaha saMhitA "vAjI' dvArA prApta hone ke kAraNa ise "vAjasaneyI' saMjJA dI jAtI hai| isa vAjasaneyI saMhitA ke do saMskaraNa Aja milate hai| pro. vebara ne donoM saMskaraNoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| vAjasaneyI saMhitA meM 40 adhyAya, 303 anuvAk, 1975 kaNDikAeM 29625 zabda aura 88875 akSara saMgRhIta haiN| prAraMbha ke 25 adhyAyoM meM mahAn yajJoM meM Avazyaka maMtramaya prArthanAeM hai| vaidika dharma ke karmakANDa meM antarbhUta vividha viSayoM kA cayana isa saMhitA meM huA hai| kANva saMhitA : zukla yajurveda kI isa saMhitA meM 40 adhyAya, 338 anuvAk aura 2086 maMtra haiN| isa saMhitA kA pAMcarAtra saMhitA se vizeSa saMbaMdha hai| pahale yaha zAkhA uttara bhArata meM thI, paraMtu Aja vaha kevala mahArASTra meM hI vidyamAna hai| kAThaka saMhitA : isa saMhitA ke pAMca khaMDa haiM : (1) iThimikA, (2) madhyamikA, (3) oramikA, (4) yAjyAnuvAkyA, (5) ashvmedhaadynuvcn| ina pAMca khaMDoM meM 40 sthAnaka, 113 anuvacana, 843 anuvAk aura 3091 maMtra hai| kaThakapiSThala saMhitA : yaha saMhitA apUrNa milatI hai| isake prathama aSTaka meM 8 adhyAya haiN| dvitIya aura tRtIya adhyAya khaMDita haiN| catartha. paMcama evaM SaSTha adhyAyoM ke maMtra-taMtra khaMDita haiN| bAkI aSTakoM ke adhyAyoM kI saMkhyA anizcita hai| kAThaka saMhitA se yaha saMhitA aneka viSayoM meM vibhinna sI hai| kAlApa (maitrAyaNI) saMhitA : isa gadya-padyAtmaka saMhitA meM cAra kAMDa haiM, jinake prapAThakoM kI saMkhyA isa prakAra hai : kAMDa-1 prapAThaka : 11, kAMDa- 2-pra. 13, kAMDa- 3-pra.-16, kAMDa 4-pr.-14| isa saMhitA meM kula 3144 maMtra haiM, jinameM 1701 Rgveda kI RcAeM hai| cAturmAsya, vAjapeya, azvamedha, rAjasUya, sautrAmaNi ityAdi yajJoM ke vidhi aura maMtra isa saMhitA meM milate haiN| taittirIya (ApastaMba) saMhitA : isameM 7 kAMDa, 44 prapAThaka aura 631 anuvAk haiN| isameM bhI rAjasUya, yAjamAna, pauroDAza ityAdi yajJoM ke varNana milate haiN| kRSNa yajurvedI paraMparA __ bhagavAna vyAsa se yajurveda kA grahaNa karane para vaizaMpAyana ne apanI saMhitA kI 27 zAkhAeM kI aura AlaMbI, caraka Adi apane ziSyoM ko usakA pradAna kiyaa| Age cala kara una 27 zAkhAoM kA vistAra 86 zAkhAoM meM huA, jinameM se Aja kAThaka, kapiSThala aura maitrAyaNI ye tIna hI saMhitAeM yatra tatra vidyamAna haiN| vaizampAyana se jhagar3A hone para usake ziSya yAjJavalkya ne sUryadevatA se jo vAjasaneyI athavA zukla yajurveda kI saMhitA prApta kI, usakI 67 upazAkhAeM haiM, jinameM se 15 pramukha mAnI jAtI hai| mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM adhvaryuveda (yajurveda) kI 101 zAkhAeM batAI haiN| vaha saMkhyA kRSNa yajurveda kI kAThaka, kapiSThala aura maitrAyaNI saMhitAeM tathA maitrAyaNI brAhmaNa, maitrAyaNI sUtra, mAnavasUtra aura varAhasUtra yaha saMbaMdhita graMtha prathama jarmanI meM mudrita hue| aba ve bhArata meM bhI mudrita ho cuke haiN| zukla yajurvedI paraMparA yAjJavalkya dvArA pravartita zukla yajurveda kI 67 zAkhopazAkhAoM meM 15 bheda haiN| unameM kANva aura mAdhyaMdina saMhitA ko aura kAtyAyana tathA pAraskara sUtroM ko vizeSa mahatva hai| kANva zAkhIya brAhmaNa saMpUrNa bhArata meM milate hai, ataH una meM draviDa (dAkSiNAtya) kANva aura gauDa (auttarAha) kANva isa prakAra bheda mAne jAte haiN| Aja ke vaidika brAhmaNa samAja meM jo anyAnya zAkhAeM aura upazAkhAeM milatI haiM, unakA mUla vedoM kI zAkhopazAkhAoM meM hI hai| 5 sAmaveda saMhitA yajJa meM tIsare Rtvik ko udgAtA kahate haiN| isa udgAtA ke lie cayana kie hue maMtrasaMgraha kA nAma hI sAmaveda hai| yajJa ke samaya jisa devatA ke lie havana kiyA jAtA hai, usakA AvAhana ucita svaroM meM maMtroM ko gAte hue "udgAtA' Rtvik ko karanA hotA hai| isa maMtragAna ko hI "sAma'' kahate haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmagAna ke pAMca prakAra (1) prastAva: isa kA gAyana prastotA karatA hai| (4) upadrava: isakA gAyana udgAtA karatA hai| (2) udgIta: isa kA gAyana udgAtA karatA hai| (5) nidhAna : isakA gAyana prastotA karatA hai| (3) pratihAra : isakA gAyana pratihato karatA hai| sAmavidhAna brAhmaNa : sAmaveda se saMbaMdhita isa graMtha meM aiMdrajAlika prayogoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vaidika paraMparA ke anusAra sAmadhvani sunAI dete hI anya vedoM kA adhyayana baMda kiyA jAtA haiN| ApastaMba smRtikAra kahate hai ki, kuttA, gadhA, bheDa, bakarI ityAdi prANiyoM kA, bAlaka ke rone kA athavA kisI vAdya kA dhvani sunAI dete hI vedoM kA adhyayana tatkAla baMda karanA caahie| caraNavyUha tathA pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM sAmaveda ke eka sahasra bhedoM kA nirdeza hai (sAmavedasya kila sahasrabhedA bhavanti- crnnvyuuh)| (sahasravarmA sAmavedaH- vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya) / vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya ke paspazAhnika meM cAroM vedoM ke zAkhAoM kI saMkhyA batAI hai : "ekaviMzatidhA bA cm| ekazatam adhvryushaakhaaH| sahasravA saamvedH| navadhA AtharvaNo vedH| Aja ye sAre zAkhA bheda upalabdha nahIM haiM paraMtu Aja kauthuma rANAyanIya, jaiminIya ye tIna hI sAmaveda kI zAkhAeM jIvita mAnI jAtI haiN| sAmaveda gAnapradhAna hone ke kAraNa usameM kevala gAnocita RcAoM kA hI saMgraha kiyA huA hai| sAmaveda kI kula 1549 RcAoM meM se 75 RcAeM Rgveda ke bAhara kI haiN| isI kAraNa sAmaveda kA pRthaka astitva nahIM mAnA jaataa| RgvedIya RcAoM ke AdhAra para sAmagAna kI racanA hotI hai; ataH RcAoM ko "sAmayoni" kahate haiN| sAmaveda kI vidyamAna tIna zAkhAoM meM se kauthuma zAkhA vizeSa prasiddha hai| kauthuma zAkhA ke pUrvArcika aura uttarArcika nAmaka do bhAga haiN| Arcika = RcAoM kA samUha, jina kI RcAoM kI kula saMkhyA 1810 hai| ina meM kucha RcAoM kI punarAvRtti hotI hai| punarAvRtta RcAoM kI saMkhyA choDakara isa saMhitA kI kula saMkhyA : 1549 hI rahatI hai| pUrvArcika : sAmaveda ke isa vibhAga ko chandasI athavA chandasikA kahate haiN| isameM kula 585 RcAeM, chaha prapAThakA meM saMgRhIta kI haiN| prapAThakoM meM kula 59 "dazataya" (arthAt dasa RcAoM kA samUha) kie haiN| prAraMbhika 12 dazataya agniviSayaka, bAda meM 36 dazataya somaviSayaka aura aMta meM 11 dazataya somaviSayaka haiN| pUrvArcika ke aMta meM 55 maMtroM kA eka jo parva hai use "araNyakANDa" kahate hai| isake Age uttarArcika kA AraMbha hotA hai| pUrvArcika meM (1) grAmageya gAna aura (2) araNyageya gAna nAmaka do gAna prakAra haiN| grAmageya gAna se saMbaMdhita UhagAna aura araNyageya gAna se saMbaMdhita UhyagAna nAmaka do vikRta gAnaprakAra mAne gae haiN| araNyagAna vikRta hone ke kAraNa aura UhyagAna rahasyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa unakA gAyana araNya meM hI karane kI paramparA hai| - uttarArcika : sAmavedIya kauthuma zAkhA ke isa uttara bhAga meM 40 geya sAma haiM, jinameM pratyekazaH 3-3 RcAeM hotI haiN| kula 9 prapAThakoM meM pratyekazaH do yA kvacit tIna bhAga haiN| uttarArcika ke aneka maMtra pUrvArcika se lie gae hai| isameM sAta anuSThAnoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai : (1) dazarAtra, (2) saMvatsara, (3) ekAha, (4) ahIna, (5) satra, (6) prAyazcitta aura (7) kSudra / pUrvArcika meM RcAoM kA krama, chaMda aura varNanIya devatAoM ke anusAra hai| uttarArcika meM vaha krama yajJAnusAra kiyA hai| pUrvAcika meM aneka yoni aura tAla-laya haiM, uttarArcika meM usakA abhAva hai| kauthuma zAkhA ke ina do bhAgoM kA kevala saMhitA pATha mAtra Aja upalababdha hai| yaha saMhitApATha hI tAla, laya, aura vAdyoM sahita gAyA jAtA hai| sAmagAyaka purohita saptasvaroM kA nirdeza aMguli saMketa dvArA karatA hai| sAmavedI udgAtA purohita hone ke lie chAtra ko Arcika dvArA saMgIta kI dIkSA lenI par3atI thii| uttarArcika ke kucha sUkta kaMThastha hone ke bAda dRDha abhyAsa karane para, sAmavedI udgAtA purohita taiyAra hotA thaa| bhAratIya saMgIta vidyA kA mUlastrota sAmagAna meM hI milatA hai| usa prAcInatama kAla meM hI isa deza kA saMgIta itanI pragata avasthA meM thA ki use jAna kara prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kI vikasita avasthA kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| rANAyanIya zAkhA - sAmaveda kI yaha zAkhA, kauthuma zAkhA se vizeSa bhinna nahIM hai| isa kI maMtrasaMkhyA bhI kauthuma ke barAbara hai| bheda kevala uccAraNa meM hai| jaise kauthuma zAkhA meM jahAM "hA u" uccAraNa hotA hai vahAM rANAyanIya zAkhIya "hA vu" uccAraNa karate haiN| kauthuma "rAha" kahate haiM vahAM rANAyanIya "rAI" kahate hai| jaiminIya zAkhA - isa zAkhA kI kula maMtrasaMkhyA 1687 aura sAmagAnoM kI saMkhyA 3681 hai| isa zAkhA kI eka upazAkhA talavakAra nAma se prasiddha hai| suprasiddha kenopaniSad isI zAkhA se saMbaMdhita hai| __ isa prakAra sAmaveda kA saMbaMdha, yajJa, indrajAla aura saMgIta ina tIna viSayoM ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| maMtroM kI dRSTi se hI karane kI parama zAkhA ke bhAga 14/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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yaha veda svataMtra nahIM hai phira bhI usakI vizeSatA anokhI hai aura yajJavidhi meM usakA apanA sthAna svataMtra hai| caraNavyUha kI TIkA meM mahIdAsa kahate haiM ki, sAmaveda kI kula solaha zAkhAoM meM se kauthumI, jaiminIya aura rANAyanIya ye tIna zAkhAe~ gurjara, karNATaka aura mahArASTra meM vidyamAna haiN| sAyaNAcArya ne kevala rANAyanIya zAkhA para apanA bhASya likhA hai| sAmaveda meM pAThabheda sAmaveda kI kauthuma aura rANAyanIya zAkhAoM meM kucha alpamAtra pAThabheda hai| rANAyanIya zAkhA ke pATha pramukha mAne jAte the| paraMtu sana 1842 meM sTIvhansana (laMdana) aura 1848 meM benaphe (lijhig) ina pAzcAtya vivdAnoM ne jarmana anuvAda tathA TippaNI sahita sAmavedIya zAkhAoM kA saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyaa| isa kAraNa navIna vaidika vivdAna, paramparAgata pATha ko apramANa mAnate hai| Age cala kara vahI nayA rANAyanIya pATha, sAyaNabhASya ke sAtha bhArata meM prakAzita huaa| sana 1868 meM kauthuma zAkhA prakAzita huI, paraMtu usameM pATha suvyavasthita na hone ke kAraNa sAmavedIya vivdAna use pramANabhUta nahIM maante| isa prakAra sAmaveda ke pramANabhUta pATha, Aja vivAda aura anveSaNa ke viSaya hue haiN| bhAratIya paramparA ke anusAra samagra veda samakAlIna mAne gae haiN| ataH unakI paurvAparyaviSayaka carcA ko mahattva nahIM diyA jaataa| sAmaveda meM Rgveda ke maMtra avazya milate haiM, paraMtu Rgveda meM bhI (1-5-8) sAma kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isakA artha Rgveda ko sAma kA astitva ajJAta nahIM thaa| sAma agara uttarakAlIna hote to. Rgveda meM sAma kA yaha ullekha nahIM hotaa| sAmagAna yajJavidhi meM udgAtA ko apane sAmamaMtroM kA gAyana karanA par3atA hai| maMtroM ke gAnavidhi kA vivecana karane vAle kucha graMtha bhI nirmANa hue, unameM cAra pramukha graMthoM meM sAmagAna kI paddhati kA pUrNatayA vivaraNa kiyA hai| sAmAnya laukika saMgIta zAstra se sAmagAna kI paddhati alaga sI hai| tathApi saMgIta zAstrokta sapta svaroM kA prayoga sAmagAna meM hotA hai| sAmagAna paddhati meM geya svaroM ke nAmaH- kruSTha, prathama, dvitIya, caturtha, mandra, atisvarya isa prakAra die jAte haiN| sAmavedIya chAMdogya upaniSad meM, sAmagAna ke hiMkAra, prastAva, udgItha, pratihAra aura nidhAna nAmaka pAMca vibhAga batAe haiN| unameM se prastAva, udgItha, pratihAra kA antaHkaraNa ke bhAvoM se aura nidhAna kA tAnoM se saMbaMdha mAnA jAtA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM kahA hai ki "nAsAmA yajJo bhvti| na va vA'hiMkRtya sAma giiyte|" arthAt sAmagAna ke binA yajJa nahIM hotA aura hiMkRti ke binA sAmagAna nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra sAmagAna kI mahimA anyatra vividha sthAnoM meM varNana kI hai| sAmaveda ke maMtroM meM upAsanA ke sAtha yogavidhi aura AdhyAtmika upadeza bhI kiyA huA hai| ____ RcAoM kA sAmagAna meM rupAntara karane ke hetu, hA, u, ho, i, o, ho, vA, o, i, au, hA, i, isa prakAra ke pada jor3e jAte haiN| ina padoM ko "stobha" kahate haiN| stobha aura svara kI sahAyatA se RcA kA rUpAntara gAna meM hotA hai| vedoM meM svarAMkana - veda graMthoM meM svaroM kA nirdeza karane ke cAra prakAra vidyamAna haiN| Rgveda meM udAtta svara kA cihna nahIM hotaa| anudAtta svara kA nirdeza akSara ke nIce Ar3I rekhA se hotA hai aura svarita kA nirdeza upara khar3I rekhA se kiyA jAtA hai| kRSNa yajurveda kI maitrAyaNI aura kAThaka saMhitA meM udAtta kA nirdeza upara khar3I rekhA se hotA hai| zukla yajurvedI zatapatha brAhmaNa meM udAtta svara, nIce Ar3I rekhA se dikhAyA jAtA hai| paraMtu sAmaveda meM udAtta, anudAtta, svarita svaroM kA nirdeza 1,2,3 aMkoM se kiyA jAtA hai| usI prakAra saMgIta ke SaDjAdi svaroM kA nirdeza 1 se 7 taka aMkoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| adhikAMza sAmavedI maMtroM meM pAMca hI saMgIta-svaroM kA upayoga hotA hai| RcAoM kA sAmagAna meM parivartana karane ke lie, (1) vikAra, (2) vizleSaNa, (3) vikarSaNa, (4) abhyAsa, (5) virAma aura (6) stobha ina cha: upAyoM kA avalaMba hotA hai| svaramaNDala meM ina cha: upAyoM ke sAtha sAmagAna hotA hai| sAmagAna ke vividha prakAra, madhuchandas, vAmadeva, ityAdi jina RSiyoM ne nirmANa kie unhI ke nAma se ve gAnaprakAra prasiddha haiN| hastavINA jina sAmavediyoM ko geya svaroM ke uccAraNa kI zakti nahIM thI, unhoMne svaranirdezana ke lie "hastavINA" kI paddhati zurU kii| hAthoM kI pahalI, dUsarI ityAdi aMgulI dvArA SaDjU, RSabha, gaMdhAra ityAdi svaroM kA nirdeza karane kI paddhati nAradIya zikSA meM batAI hai| Aja sAmagAyakoM kI saMkhyA atyalpatama hai| ve "hastavINA" dvArA svaroM kA nirdeza karate haiN| . sAmavedI paraMparA bhagavAn vyAsa ne jaimini ko sAmaveda kI saMhitA pradAna kii| mahAbhArata ke anusAra yahI jaimini yudhiSThira ke rAjasUya yajJa meM aura janamejaya ke sarpasatra meM upasthita the| jaimini dvArA sumantu, sutvA, sukarmA ityAdi ziSyaparaMparA pravartita huii| sukarmA ne sahasra saMhitAoM kA vistAra kara, ziSya paraMparA bddh'aaii| paraMtu ve sAre ziSya vidyutpAta athavA bhUcAla svarUpa indra ke prakopa ke saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1 kAraNa naSTa hue aura unake sAtha sAmaveda kI sahasra zAkhAoM kA vilaya huaa| Age calakara sukarmA ke pauSijI, hiraNyanAbha aura kausalya ina ziSyoM ne kucha saMhitAoM kA pravacana kiyA unameM se AsurAyaNIyA, vArtAtreyA, prAMjala RgvedavidyA prAcInayogyA aura rANAyanIya nAmaka sAta zAkhAeM avaziSTa rhiiN| rANAyanIya zAkhA ke zAkhyAyanIya, sAtyamudgala, khalvala, mahAkhalvala, lAMgala, kauthuma, gautama aura jaiminIya nAmaka nau bheda haiN| Aja sAmaveda kI zAkhAoM meM se karnATaka meM kauthumI tathA gujarAta aura mahArASTra meM rANAyanI vidyamAna hai| 6 AryoM kA managaDhaMta AkramaNa vedanirmiti ke kAla aura sthala kA anveSaNa karane ke udyoga meM, pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA Arya loga, unakA mUla vasatisthAna, unakA kisI bAhara bhUbhAga se vAyavya sImA kI ora se bhArata meM AkramaNa, usa AkramaNa kI dakSiNa bhArata kI ora pragati aura usa pragati ke prayatna meM AryoM dvArA bhArata ke mUla nivAsI draviDa, nAga ityAdi samAjoM kA parAbhava tathA vinAza ityAdi nirAdhAra kalpanAoM ko avAstava mahattva diyA gayA hai| saMskRta bhASA aura tadantargata vividha prakAra ke vAGmaya kA yUropIya vidvAnoM ko jaba se paricaya huA, taba se vahAM ke aneka vidvAnoM ko, bhASAvijJAna, purANakathAzAstra ityAdi viSayoM kA taulanika adhyayana karate hue, eka bAta dhyAna meM AyI ki prAcIna bhAratIya tathA yUropIya aura anya kucha rASTroM kI saMskRti meM aneka bAtoM meM adbhUta sAmya hai| isa sAmya ke kAraNa yaha tarka prastuta kiyA gayA ki samAna saMskRti vAle ye bhinna bhinna samAja mUlataH eka hI vaMza ke honA saMbhava hai| unakA mUlasthAna bhI eka hI honA caahie| usa saMbhAvya mUla sthAna se ve samAja, kisI kAraNa saMsAra meM yatra tatra prasRta hue hoNge| isa kalpita samAja ko iMDo-yUropIya athavA Arya nAma diyA gyaa| suprasiddha vidvAna maiksamUlara ne AryoM ke isa kAlpanika AkramaNa kI kalpanA para vizeSa bala diyA thA, paraMtu sana 1888 meM unakA mata parivartana huA, taba ve kahate haiM ki, "AryoM ke mUlasthAna ke viSaya meM upalabdha pramANa itane pole aura nirAdhAra haiM ki usake AdhAra para, saMsAra ke kisI bhI bhUbhAga ko AryoM kA mUlasthAna karake siddha karanA saMbhava ho sakatA hai| (The evidence is so plain that it is possible to make out a more or less plausible case for almost any part of the world.") isI saMdarbha meM ve kahate haiM ki "maiM jaba jaba "Arya" saMjJA kA upayoga karatA hUM taba taba mere samakSa AryavaMza nahIM, api tu "Aryan" bhASA hotI hai| bhASA ke nAma para vaMza kI kalpanA karanA sarAsara bhUla hai|" Adhunika vADmaya meM "Arya" saMjJA kA prayoga sarvaprathama sara viliyama jonsa ne kiyA paraMtu unhoMne bhI bhASAvaMza ke artha meM vaha prayoga kiyA thA na ki mAnavavaMza ke artha meN| Rgveda meM prayukta Arya aura anArya saMjJA vaMzavAcaka nahIM hai, yaha tathya DaoN. zrIdhara vyaMkaTeza ketakara ne apane mahArASTrIya jJAnakoza meM savistara pratipAdita kiyA hai| AryoM kA bhArata para AkramaNa siddha karane vAle vidvAna, Rgveda ke dAzarAjJa yuddha kA ullekha prabala vaidika pramANa ke nAte prastuta karate haiN| paraMtu pratyakSa vaidika vAGmaya kI dRSTi se isa pramANa ko kitanA mahattva denA cAhie yaha prazna bAkI rahatA hai / eka sahasra sUktoM ke Rgveda meM isa yuddha kA nivedana kevala tIna sUktoM me huA hai, jisa meM sudAsa nAmaka rAjA ko, dasa rAjAoM dvArA virodha hone ke kAraNa, bhaDake hue yuddha kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / isa atyalpamAtra vaidika pramANa ke atirikta, sAre saMsAra ke prAcIna vAGmaya meM tathAkathita AryoM ke AkramaNa kI aura dUrAnvita saMketa karane vAlA bhI koI pramANa nahIM miltaa| pratyakSa RRgveda meM bhI una tIna sUktoM ke atirikta dUsarA koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai| kisI bhI bhaTakane vAle janasamUha meM, kisI bhUbhAga ke prati utkaTa AtmIyatA kI bhAvanA nahIM hotI, paraMtu Rgveda ke mantroM meM RSiyoM kI bhUmibhakti kI ora saMketa karate hue prasiddha vidvAna jayanAthapati AryAkramaNavAdiyoM ko pUchate haiM, "Apane saMsAra meM aise susaMskRta loga kahIM dekhe hai ki jinheM apane mUla nivAsasthAna kA vismaraNa ho kara nae ghara kA AkarSaNa huA hai|" (Have you ever found cultured foreigners, forgetting their old homes and becoming enamoured of their newly made conquest.) AryoM ke AkramaNa kI bhrAnta dhAraNA ko jisa prakAra vedoM meM pramANa nahIM hai, usI prakAra purANoM kI vizAla vAGmayarAzi meM bhI koI pramANa nahIM hai| bhAratIya purANa vAGmaya ke prasiddha adhyetA pArjiTara (athavA pAragITara) kahate haiM ki "vAyavya dizA kI ora se bhArata para hue AkramaNa kI kalpanA svabhAvataH hI asaMbhava hai aura paramparA kI dRSTi se bhI vaha anAvazyaka hai| (Impossible in itself---wholly unnecessary according to tradition.) isa AryAkramaNa kI kalpanA kA svAmI vivekAnaMda ne sApha zabdoM meM inkAra aura dhikkAra kiyA hai| svAmIjI kahate haiM, "pAzcAtyoM ke itihAsa meM aMgreja, amerikana ityAdi kucha logoM dvArA sthAna sthAna para mUla nivAsI logoM ko parAjita aura gulAma karane kI ghaTanAeM huii| usI ke AdhAra para itihAsa-saMzodhakoM kI buddhi bhArata ke prAcIna kAla meM uDAna karatI hai| koI tibbata ko to koI madhya eziyA ko AryoM kA mUlasthAna kahatA hai| dezAbhimAnI aura ghamaMDI pAzcAtya vidvAna apane apane bhUbhAga kI ora AryoM kA mUlasthAna khIMcatA hai| koI uttara dhruva pradeza kA bhI pratipAdana karate haiM / paraMtu hamAre veda-purANa Adi graMthoM meM 16 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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aisA eka bhI zabda nahIM, jo AryoM ke AkramaNa kI kalpanA siddha kara ske| zUdra varNa mUlataH anArya hai yaha vicAra, jitanA tarkaduSTa utanA hI nirbuddha hai| (But there is not one word in our scripture, not one to prove that the Aryans ever came, from any where out side of India- of Ancient India, which includes Afaganistan, within it. The theory that the shoodra caste is all non-Aryan is equally illogical and equally irrational.) __ vedakAla ke anveSaNa meM tathAkathita AryavaMza aura usa ke bhArata para AkramaNa kA viSaya, kucha yUropIya paMDitoM dvArA carcA kA viSaya banAyA gyaa| paraMtu unake isa vicAra kA khaMDana aneka zreSTha vidvAnoM ne akATya yuktivAdoM se kiyA hai| tathApi Aja bhI bhArata kI sabhI pAThya pustakoM meM AryoM ke AkramaNa ke pATha bAlakoM ko par3hAe jAte haiM yaha durbhAgya hai| tAtparya veda nirmiti ke sthala evaM kAla ke viSaya meM AnuSaMgikatayA prasRta huI AryoM ke AkramaNa kI kalpanA mithyA hone ke kAraNa, usake AdhAra para nirdhArita veda kAlaviSayaka matamatAMtaroM ko vizeSa mahattva dene kI AvazyakatA hama nahIM maante| 5 vedaviSayaka paraMparAgata dRSTikoNa vedoM kI racanA kA kAlanirNaya karane kA prayAsa karanevAle Adhunika abhAratIya tathA bhAratIya vivdAnoM ne apane bhinna bhinna matoM kA pratipAdana karate hue eka ne dUsare kA khaMDana kiyA hai| isa paraspara zirazcheda ke kAraNa isa viSaya meM pratipAdita matoM meM se koI bhI eka viziSTa mata pratiSThita nahIM huA hai| prAyaH bhAratIyoM ko vedoM kI prAcInatA pratipAdana karane vAlA mata grAhya lagatA hai aura abhAratIya logoM ko usa kI arvAcInatA pratipAdana karane vAlA mata upAdeya lagatA hai| isa vedakAla viSayaka vivAda meM, vedoM ke prati nitAMta zraddhA antaHkaraNa meM dhAraNa karane vAle paraMparAvAdI bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke yuktivAdoM ko dhyAna meM lenA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| vaidika dharma kA paricaya hone ke lie una yuktivAdoM kA ThIka Akalana vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| __ prAcIna bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra vedanirmiti ke kAla kA nirNaya karanA asaMbhava mAnA gayA hai| saMsAra ke sabhI itihAsajJoM kA isa bAta meM mataikya hai ki veda saMsAra kA Aja upalabdha hone vAlA sarvaprathama aura sarvazreSTha jJAnadhana hai| paraMtu usakA kAla ve nirdhArita nahIM kara ske| IsApUrva 1000 se 75000 varSoM taka anyAnya zatAbdiyoM meM vedoM kI nirmiti mAnane meM koI svArasya nhiiN| ina anveSakoM kA adhyayana aura cintana abhinandanIya hai paraMtu unake niSkarSa svIkArayogya nahIM hai| prAcIna paraMparAvAdI bhAratIyoM kI isa viSaya meM jo dhAraNA hai usakA sArAMza isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai veda nitya hai aura sRSTi ke prAraMbha se hI vedoM kA AvirbhAva huA hogaa| jisa paramAtmA ne sRSTi kI nirmiti kI, usI paramAtmA ne usake pahale veda nirmANa kie hoNge| jaise kumhAra jaba ghaTa kI nirmiti karatA hai to usake pahale apanI buddhi meM usakI nirmiti kara, tadanusAra miTTI ko AkAra detA hai| koI bhI kArya kisI kartA ke binA nahIM ho sktaa| yaha brahmANDa bhI eka kArya hI hai, ataH tarkAnusAra usake bhI kisI kartA kA astitva mAnanA hI caahie| pratyeka kartA apanA kArya, apanI buddhi meM Alikhita karane ke bAda hI use sAkAra karatA hai| isa nirapavAda siddhAnta ke anusAra brahmANDarUpI kArya kA Alekha, usake kartA kI buddhi meM prathama nirmANa honA caahiye| paraMparAvAdiyoM kA yuktivAda hai ki sRSTi ke vidhAtA ne jisa Alekha athavA jisa vicAra kI sarvaprathama kalpanA apanI buddhi meM kI, vahI "AmnAya" yAne veda hai| sAmAnya tarka ke anusAra brahmANDarUpI kArya ke kartA ko (kAryanirmiti ke pahale) sphUrti honA Avazyaka hai, isa tathya ko mAnyatA dene para bhI yaha zaMkA upasthita hotI hai ki sRSTi nirmAtA kI vaha sphUrti vedasvarUpa hI thI, isa bAta ko mAnya karanevAlA pramANa nahIM hai| vedoM ko hI parabrahma paramAtmA kA Adya vicAra kyoM maane| isa zaMkA kA uttara pratyakSa aura anumAna ina pramANoM dvArA denA asaMbhava hone ke kAraNa AptavAkyarUpI pramANa ke dvArA denA Avazyaka hotA hai| vaidikoM kI dhAraNA ke anusAra veda hI paramazreSTha AptavAkya hai| isa viSaya meM vedoM ke vacana isa prakAra hai:(1) yajJena vAcaH padavIyamAyan (3) tasmAd yajJAt sarvahutaH tAmanvavindan RSiSu prvissttaam| RcaH sAmAni jjnyire| tAmAbhRtyA vyadadhuH purutrA chandAMsi jajJire tasmAd tAM saptarebhA abhisnnvnte|| (R. 10/71/3) yajustasmAdajAyata / / (R. 10/90/9) (2) bRhaspate prathamaM vAco agraM (4) tasmAdRco pAtakSan / yat prerayat nAmadheyaM dadhAnAH / yjustsmaadpaakyn| yadeSA zreSThaM yadaripramAsIt sAmAni yasya lomAni premNA tadeSAM nihitaM guhaaviH|| (R. 10/71/1) atharvAGgiraso mukhm|| (R. 10/7/20) ina vedavacanoM meM yajJa (yajanIya , pUjanIya Izvara paramAtmA) se Rk, yajuH, sAma aura atharva ina cAroM vedoM kI utpatti spaSTa zabdoM meM kahI hai| atIndriya viSayoM kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie AptavAkya kA prAmANya kyoM mAnanA cAhie yaha svataMtra saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /17 For Private and Personal Use Only

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carcA kA viSaya hai| AptavAkya kA prAmANya mAnane vAle dArzanika AcAyoM ne usa saMbaMdha meM utkRSTa yuktivAda prastuta kie hai| zreSTha dArzanikoM dvArA aMgIkRta "AptavAkya" ke AdhAra para, vedoM kA janitA paramAtmA hI hai yaha mata vaidikoM ne mAnya kiyA hai| usI mAnyatA ke sAtha AnuSaMgikatayA yaha bhI mAnanA par3atA hai ki sarvajJa aura nirdoSa paramezvara hI agara vedoM kA janaka hogA, to usake veda bhI sarvajJAnamaya aura nirdoSa hI hone caahie| jagadgurU zrIzaMkarAcAryajI ne vedoM kA sarvajJAnamayatva mAnate hue yaha yuktivAda prastuta kiyA hai ki, "mahataH RgvedAdeH zAstrasya anekavidyAsthAnopabRMhitasya pradIpavat sarvArthAvadyotinaH sarvajJakalpasya yoniH kAraNaM brahma / na hi IdRzasya zAstrasya RgvedAdilakSaNasya sarvajJaguNAnvitasya sarvajJAt anyataH saMbhavaH asti / " (brahmasUtra zAM. bhA. 1-1-3) arthAt RgvedAdi mahAn zAstra aneka vidyAsthAnoM se (4 veda, 6 zAstra, dharmazAstra, pUrvottara mImAMsA aura tarkazAstra ina caudaha vidyAoM ko "vidyAsthAna" kahate haiM) vikasita huA hai aura vaha pradIpavat sAre viSayoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| isa prakAra ke sarvajJAnasaMpanna zAstra kA (arthAta vedoM kA) utpattisthAna brahma hI ho sakayA hai, kyoM ki, sarvajJa parabrahma paramAtmA ke atirikta aura kisI se RgvedAdi sarvajJAnasaMpanna zAstra kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| sarvajJa Izvara hI vedoM kA janaka hone ke kAraNa, usakA vedarUpa kArya bhI sarvajJAnapUrNa honA cAhie; isa anumAna se bhI jagadgurU zaMkarAcArya kA yuktivAda adhika vedaniSThApUrNa hai| ve kAryarUpa vedoM kA sarvajJAnamayatva siddhavat mAnakara usake kAraNa kI sarvajJAnamayatva kA tarka prastuta karate hai| isa tarka ke anusAra parabrahma paramAtmA sarvajJAnamaya hone ke kAraNa, vahI vedoM kA janaka yA nirmAtA mAnA jA sakatA hai| zrIzaMkarAcAryajI ne vedoM kA Izvara- kartakatva siddha karate hue, vedoM ke viSaya meM "vidyAsthAnopabRMhitasya pradIpavat sarvArthAvadhotinaH, sarvajJakalpasya ityAdi jo vizeSaNa prayukta kie haiM, unameM yatkiMcit bhI atizayokti kA aMza nahIM hai| isakA pahalA kAraNa zrIzaMkarAcArya jaise paramajJAnI mahApuruSa ne una vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki, atiprAcIna kAla se Aja taka kI pradIrgha kAlAvadhi meM vividha prakAroM se jo vedoM kA maMthana aura cintana huA, usase bhI una vizeSaNoM kI yathAryatA siddha huI hai| jagadgurU zrIzaMkarAcArya kI vedoM kI "sarvajJAnamayatA para itanI pragADha zraddhA hai ki apane brahmasUtra bhASya meM, pAMcarAtra nAmaka mata kA khaMDana karate hue, unhoMne yaha yuktivAda prastuta kiyA hai ki, "zAMDilya ko cAroM vedoM meM niHzreyasa kA mArga na dikhane ke kAraNa" usane isa zAstra (pAMcarAtradarzana) kA jJAna prApta kiyA, isa prakAra ke pAMcarAtra darzana ke stutivAkyoM meM se vedoM kI nindA dhvanita hotI hai, ataH vaha darzana bhI agrAhya mAnanA caahie| (vipratiSedhazca bhvti| caturpu vedeSu paraM zreyaH alabdhvA zANDilyaH idaM zAstram adhigatavAn ityAdi vednindaadrshnaat)| bhagavAn vyAsa ne bhI "vipratiSedhAcca" (2-2-45) isa brahmasUtra ke dvArA yahI mata sUcita kiyA hai| isa prakAra vedoM kA IzvarakartRkatva upapatti aura upalabdhi (anumAna aura AptavAkya) ina pramANoM ke AdhAra para siddha mAnate hue, arvAcIna (pAzcAtya tathA paurastya) paMDitoM ne athavA prAcIna vedavirodhI nAstika paNDitoM ne mAnA huA vedoM kA pauruSeyatva yAne puruSakartRkatva vaidikoM kI paramparA meM apramANa mAnA gayA hai| vedoM kA nityatva aura apauruSeyatva paraMparAvAdiyoM ne zirodhArya mAnA huA vedoM kA nityatva tathA apauruSyetva kA siddhAnta vividha "Astika" darzanoM ke AcAryoM ne anyAnya yuktivAdoM se pratiSThita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai- bhagavAn jeminijI ne apane pUrva-mImAMsA darzana meM isa viSaya kI carcA kI hai| "kamaike tatra darzanAt" isa sUtra se Age 12 sUtroM meM vedoM kA anityatva pratipAdana karanevAle pUrvapakSa ke tarka savistara dekara, Age "nityastu syAd darzanasya parArthatvAt" (1-1-6) ityAdi chaH sUtroM vdArA anityavAdI pakSa ke takoM kA khaMDana karate hue vedoM kA nityatva baDI mArmikatA se pratipAdana kiyA hai| uttara-mImAMsA darzana meM bhagavAn bAdarAyaNa vyAsajI ne "zAstrayonitvAt" isa sUtra ke dvArA vedoM kA udgama parabrahma se hI huA hai isa siddhAnta ko sthApita kara, yaha niSkarSa batAyA hai ki, paramAtmA nitya hone ke kAraNa usa kA jJAna yAne veda bhI, nitya hI honA caahiye| ___vaizeSika darzana meM vedoM kA apauruSeyatva aura svataHprAmANya "tadvacanAt AmnAyasya prAmANyam" isa sUtra dvArA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa sUtra kA vivaraNa karate hue upaskArabhASya meM kahA hai ki sUtrastha "tat" zabda Izvarabodhaka hai, kyoM ki Izvara hI vedoM kA janaka hai yaha bAta suprasiddha aura siddha hai| (tad iti anupakrAntamapi prasiddhi-siddhatayA Izvara parAmazati"- (vaizaiSika sUtra upaskAra bhaassy)| isI sUtra kA dUsare prakAra se artha nikAla kara, vedoM kA pramANya siddha kiyA gayA hai| jaise:- "sUtrastha tat zabda, samIpastha dharma yaha artha batAtA hai| ataH dharma kA pratipAdana karane ke kAraNa, veda ko prAmANya prApta huA hai| jo vAkya prAmANika yA pramANAsiddha artha kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha (vAkya) pramANabhUta hI hotA hai| (yad vA tat iti sannihitaM dharmameva praamshti| tathA ca dharmasya vacanAt-pratipAdanAt vedasya praamaannym| tat pramANam eva yataH ityarthaH (upaskArabhASya) anya sAdhAraNa granthoM ke samAna veda bhI grantha rUpa hI hone ke kAraNa, pauruSeya arthAt manuSyanirmita hI hone cAhiye, yaha 18 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmAnya tarka sarvatra rUDha hai| prastuta bhASyakAra ne usa tarka kA bhI khaNDana mArmikatA se kiyA hai| bhASyakAra kahate hai- atIndriya viSayoM para sahasrAvadhi zAkhAoM kI itanA mahAna grantharAzi vyakta karanA hama jaise mAnavoM kA kAma nahIM hai| arthAt vaha Izvara kA hI kAma ho sakatA hai| (vedastAvat pauruSeyaH vAkyatvAt iti saadhitm| na ca asmadAdyaH teSAM sahasrazAkhAcchinnAnAM vaktAraH sambhAvyante atiindriyaarthtvaat| na ca atIndriyArthadarzinaH asmadAdayaH) / vaizeSika dArzanikoM ne vedoM kA apauruSeyatva pratipAdana karane ke lie anekaviddha tarka prastuta kie haiN| nyAyadarzanakAra gautamamuni "mantrAyurvedapramANyavat ca tatprAmANyam AptaprAmANyAt", isa sUtra ke bhASya meM kahate haiM" vedoM ke artha ke jo draSTA evaM pravaktA haiM, ve hI AyurvedAdi ke pravaktA haiN| ataH AyurvedAdi zAstroM ko hama jaise pramANabhUta mAnate haiM, vaise hI vedoM ko bhI pramANa mAnanA caahiye| (ye eva AptA vedArthAnAM draSTAraH pravaktArazca te eva Ayurveda-prabhRttInAm iti Ayurveda-prAmANyavat vedaprAmANyam anumaatvym|) sAMkhya darzana ke pravartaka bhagavAna kapila RSi vedoM ke nityatva kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM, "zabda aura artha kA saMbaMdha nitya hai, isa lie vedarUpa zabdarAzi nitya hI honA caahie|" isa vidhAna para AkSepaka kahate haiM, "tAsmAt yajJAt sarvahutaH RcaH sAmAni jjnyire"| isa vedavacana ke anusAra veda yajanIya (yajJa) Izvara se utpanna hue| isa kAraNa ve nitya nahIM ho sakate kyoM ki utpanna hone vAlA pratyeka padArtha ghaTapaTAdi ke samAna anitya hI hotA hai- (na nityatvaM vedAnAM kAryatvazruteH (saaNkhysuutr-4-45)| isa yuktivAda meM vedoM ke nityatva kA khaMDana karane vAle ne bhI vedoM kA IzvarakartRkatva mAnya kiyA hai| veda agara ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM ke samAna utpanna hue haiM, to unakA apauruSeyatva arthAt IzvarakartRkatva kyoM mAnA jaaye| yaha bhI prazna upasthita kiyA gyaa| usa kA samAdhAna karate hue sAMkhyadarzanakAra kahate haiM ki veda pauruSeya ho hI nahIM sakate, kyoM ki sRSTi ke prAraMbha meM, aisA koI puruSa astitva meM hI nahIM thA jo vedoM kI racanA kara sake- (na pauruSeyatvaM, tatkartuH) vedoM ke pauruSeyatva kA khaMDana karate hue, "sRSTinirmiti ke avasara para paramAtmA kI svAbhAvika zakti se vedoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai ataH ve "svataHpramANa" haiM- (nityazakyAbhivyakteH svataH prAmANyam) isa yuktivAda se vedoM kA apauruSeyatva sAMkhya darzana meM pratipAdita kiyA huA hai| isa prakAra buddhakAla ke pUrva kAla meM hI vedoM kA apauruSeyatva, nityatva, svataHprAmANya ityAdi viSayoM para bar3e mArmika vivAda calate Ae haiN| sabhI Astika darzanakAroM ne apane sUtroM tabhA bhASyoM dvArA, vedavirodhI yuktivAdoM kA khaMDana karate hue, apanI vicAra zakti kA paricaya diyA hai| unake sidhdAntoM kA tathA dArzanikoM ke mArmika yuktivAdoM kA ThIka Akalana kie binA, prAcIna bhAratIyoM kA vedaviSayaka dRSTikoNa dhyAna meM AnA saMbhava nahIM hai| apane siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karane meM dArzanika vidvAnoM ne jo adbhuta buddhikauzalya vyakta kiyA hai, usakI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA abhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI kI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM prasiddha yUropIya paMDita myUra kahate hai- "arthAt ina dArzanikoM ke vAda vivAda jo par3hatA hai use unake yuktivAda kI tIkSNatA, takoM kI nirdoSatA aura prAsaMgika ucita dRSTAntoM kI maulikatA tathA sajIvatA, ina kI ThIka kalpanA Ae binA nahIM rhtii|" - vedoM kA zabdakrama vedoM kA apauruSeyatva, nityatva evaM svataHprAmANya, ina siddhAntoM kA apane prakhara takoM evaM yuktavAdoM se prasthApita karane vAle paraMparAvAdI vaidika paMDitoM kA aura eka Agraha hai ki, veda-maMtroM ke akSaroM kA paraMparAgata jo krama hai, vaha sarvathA aparivartanIya hai| usake eka bhI akSara, varNa yA mAtrA meM bhI lezamAtra parivartana karane para vaha maMtra "vaidika" nahIM rhegaa| "agnimILe purohitam" isa maMtra kA "ILe agniM purohitam" isa prakAra pAThAntara karane se arthahAni bhale hI na ho, paraMtu usa maMtra ke vaidikatva kI hAni avazya hotI hai| vaidika vAkyoM aura avaidika vAkyoM meM yahI mahattvapUrNa bheda hai| "pAtram Ahara" isa laukika vAkya kI racanA "Ahara pAtram"- isa prakAra ulaTI karane para bhI koI doSa nahIM mAnA jaataa| paraMtu vaidika vAkya meM isa prakAra se parivartana karane se usameM maMtratva nahIM rhtaa| isakA sAmpradAyika kAraNa yaha mAnA gayA hai ki, veda nitya hone ke kAraNa, unake zabdoM kA krama pratyeka kalpa meM ekarUpa hI rahatA hai| prAcIna kalpoM ke viziSTa krama kI zabdarAzi, kalpAntaroM ke pazcAt maMtradraSTA ke hRdaya meM usI anukrama se prakaTa hotI hai| nae kalpoM ke RSi nUtana vedoM kA nirmANa nahIM krte| vAstava meM RSi vedamaMtroM ke kartA yA nirmAtA hote hI nhiiN| isI kAraNa vedoM kA apauruSeyatva sampradAyAnusAra mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra vedoM kA apauruSeyatva mAnya karane para, bhrama, pramAda, vipralipsA (pratAraNA karane kI icchA) ityAdi puruSakRta doSoM kI vedoM meM kalpanA bhI karanA ayogya hotI hai| isI sarvakaSa nirdoSatA ke kAraNa vedavAkyoM ko AptavacanarUpa nirapavAda prAmANya sAmpradAyikoM dvArA diyA gayA hai| sAmpradAyikoM kA vedoM ke viSaya meM aura bhI eka siddhAnta hai| use batAkara isa viSaya ko virAma deNge| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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"agnimILe purohitm| yajJasya devmRtvijm| hotAraM rtndhaatrm|" isa Adya vedamaMtra meM bhASA ke pramukha svaroM aura vyaMjanoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| ataH yaha Adya vedamaMtra hI sarva vargoM kA arthAt varNAtmaka bhASAoM kA mUla hai|| prAcIna vaidika vidvAnoM kI vedaviSayaka dhAraNAeM kisa prakAra kI thIM, aura unakA samarthana kisa prakAra ke yuktivAdoM se kiyA jAtA thA isakI saMkSepataH sAmAnya kalpanA prastuta vivecana se A sakatI hai| hamane yahAM arvAcIna aura prAcIna donoM matoM kA yathAzakti saMkSepataH paricaya diyA hai| pAThaka apanA mata nirdhArita kreN| 8 atharvaveda yajJavidhi meM RgvedI hotA, yajurvedI adhvaryu, sAmavedI udgAtA ke atirikta brahmA nAmaka eka cauthA Rtvik rahatA hai| yaha brahmA cAroM vedoM kA vizeSajJa hoM aisI apekSA hotI hai| ataH vaha atharvaveda kA vizeSajJa bhI hotA hai| Rga, yajus aura sAma isa "vedatrayI" se arthaveda kA sthAna svataMtra hai| tathApi vaidikoM ke karmakANDa meM atharvaveda kA sthAna trayI ke samAna mahatvapUrNa rahatA hai| vaidika vAGmaya ke anukrama meM sarvatra Rgveda ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| "yajJairatharvA prathamaH pathastate" (R.1-83-5) isa Rgveda vacana se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki Rgveda ke maMtradRSTA ko atharvA kA jJAna thaa| arthAt isa vacana ke AdhAra para Rgveda kA prAcInatva aura atharva veda arvAcInatva mAnane vAle Adhunika vidvAnoM kA bhI khaMDana hotA hai| atharvaveda kA saMpUrNa nAma hai athrvaanggirs| yajJavidhi meM brahmA nAmaka Rtvik isa veda ke mantroM kA prayoga karatA hai ataH ise "brahmaveda" bhI kahate haiN| gopatha brAhmaNa (1-4) meM atharvaNa aura aMgirasa (jinake nAmoM se isa caturtha veda kA nAmakaraNa huA) ke upapatti kI eka kathA AtI hai| tadanusAra, sRSTi kI upapatti ke lie brahmadevajI ne jaba ghora tapazcaryA kI, taba unake zarIra se do veda-pravAha bahane lage, jinake eka pravAsa se bhRgu RSi nirmANa hue, jinheM atharvaNa nAma prApta huA aura dUsare pravAha se aMgirA nAmaka RSi kI utpatti huii| ina do RSiyoM dvArA pravartita mantrarAzi ko hI atharvAMgirasa saMjJA prApta huii| dUsarI utpatti ke anusAra, sRSTi ke AraMbha kAla meM agni, vAyu, Aditya aura aMgirA ina cAra RSiyoM ke antakaraNa meM saMpUrNa vedarAzi kA sphuraNa huaa| inameM se aMgirA RSikA nAma atharvAGgirasa veda ke nAma meM pAyA jAtA hai| tIsarI upapatti ke anusAra, atharvA aura aMgirasa nAma ke do RSi the, jinheM abhicAra mantroM kA vizeSa jJAna thaa| atharvA RSi roganAzaka maMtroM ke aura aMgirasa RSi zatrunAzaka mantroM ke jJAtA the| isa prakAra ke AbhicArika mantroM kA prAdhAnya, atharvAgirasa kI vizeSatA mAnI jAtI hai| atharvaveda meM do prakAra ke mantra haiM : (1) roga, hiMsrapazu, pizAcca, maMtraprayoga karane vAle zatru ityAdi ke virodha athavA vinAza karane meM upayogI, aura (2) parivAra meM, gAMva meM tathA itaratra zAMti sthApana karane meM, zatruoM se mitratA karane meM, jIvana meM dIrgha AyurArogya tathA dhanasamRddhi prApta karane meM, pravAsa meM saMrakSaNa milane meM upyogii| arthAt atharvaveda ke kucha maMtra vinAzaka aura kucha vidhAyaka svarUpa ke haiN| bhAratIya Ayurveda kA mUla atharvaveda meM hI milatA hai| jvara, kuSTa, rAjayakSmA, khAMsI, gaMjApana, dRSTikSaya, zaktikSaya, sarpabAdhA, vraNa, buddhibhraMza isa prakAra kI vyAdhiyoM kA upacAra karanevAle mantra isa veda meM hone ke kAraNa Ayurveda kA maulika tathA aitihAsika dRSTi se adhyayana karane vAloM ke lie atharvaveda kA adhyayana upakAraka hotA hai| usI prakAra dharmazAstra ke (vizeSataH gRhya sUtroM ke) putrajanma, vivAha, rAjyAbhiSeka, mRtyu ityAdi viSayoM se bhI atharvaveda ke kaI sUktoM kA saMbaMdha spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| atharvaveda kI saMhitA ke 20 kANDa haiM, jinameM 34 prapAThaka, 111 anuvAka, 739 sUkta aura 5849 mantra haiN| unameM se lagabhaga 1200 mantra Rgveda meM milate haiN| prAraMbhika 13 kANDoM kA viSaya jAraNa, mAraNa, uccATana se saMbaMdhita hai| 14 veM kANDa meM vivAha, 18 veM kAMDa meM zrAddha aura 20 veM kANDa meM somayAga ina viSayoM ke mantra haiN| isa veda kA SaSThAMza bhAga gadyAtmaka hai| anveSaka mAnate haiM ki 19 aura 20 vAM kAMDa isa saMhitA meM bAda meM jor3A gayA, kyoM ki 20 veM kAMDa meM mAtra Rgveda kI RcAeM haiN| atharvavedAntargata RgvedIya RcAoM meM se pacAsa pratizata RcAeM dazama maMDala meM milatI haiM aura bAkI prathama tathA aSTama maMDala meM milatI haiN| isI prakAra saMpUrNa vedatrayI ke aneka mantra AtharvaNa saMhitA meM upalabdha hone ke kAraNa use trayI kA sAra athavA mUla mAnate haiN| pataMjali ne atharvaveda kI nau zAkhAoM kA nirdeza (navadhA AtharvaNo vedaH) kiyA hai| paraMtu Aja usakI paippalAda tathA zaunaka nAmaka do hI zAkhAeM sAyaNa bhASya sahita prApta hotI haiN| paippalAda zAkhA kI pANDulipi pro. bUlhara ne prathama khoja nikaalii| usake pazcAt blUmaphilDa ne usakA chAyAMkana kara prakAzana kiyaa| sana 1870 meM kAzmIra-nareza raNavIrasiMha ko paippalAda zAkhA kI eka prati unake graMtha saMgrahAlaya meM milii| vaha bhUrjapatra para zAradA lipi meM likhI thii| unhoMne DaoN. rAtha ko upahAra rUpa meM vaha prati samarpaNa kii| rAtha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt TyUvhijana vizvavidyAlaya ko vaha prApta huii| usake adhikAriyoM ne sana 1901 meM amerikA meM usakA prakAzana kiyaa| 20 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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. zaunaka zAkhA kA saMskaraNa, saMpAdana aura prakAzana (sAyaNabhASya sahita) sana 1856 meM rAtha aura vhiTanI ina do pAzcAtya paMDitoM ne kiyaa| griphitha ne atharvaveda kA padyAnuvAda prakAzita kiyA, jisakI prastAvanA meM vedaviSayaka bharapUra jAnakArI unhoMne dI hai| atharvaveda se saMbaMdhita avAntara sAhitya meM gopatha brAhmaNa, kauSItakI brAhmaNAraNyaka, vaitAna zrautasUtra, kauzikya gRhyasUtra, khAdira gRhyasUtra, paiThInasI dharmasUtra aura zrIzaMkarAcArya ke matAnusAra prazna, muNDa, mAMDUkya tathA nRsiMhatApinI ina cAra upaniSadoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| praznopaniSada paippalAda zAkhIya aura muNDa-mANDUkya zaunaka zAkhIya haiN| muktakopaniSada meM 13 atharvaNa upaniSadoM ke nAma die haiN| unake atirikta kauSItakI gRhyasUtra, gobhila gRhyasUtra, daivatasaMhitA, daivata SaDaviMza brAhmaNa, drAhyAyaNa gRhya sUtravRtti ityAdi graMtha saMpadA AtharvaNa vAGmaya meM antarbhUta hotI hai| atharvaveda kI 14 zAkhopazAkhAoM meM pippalAda aura zaunaka pramukha haiN| inake atirikta cAraNavidyA' nAmaka zAkhA ke cAra bheda mAne gae haiN| narahari vyaMkaTeza zAstrI kRta caturvedazAkhAnirNaya nAmaka graMtha meM, vedoM kI zAkhAoM evaM upazAkhAoM ke viSaya meM vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| vedavistAra matsyapurANa meM kahA hai ki "eka AsIt yajurvedaH" yAne prAvaMbha meM kevala ekamAtra yajurveda thaa| vAyu aura viSNu purANa meM bhI yahI kahA hai| bhagavAna vyAsa ne yajJavidhi kI vyavasthAnusAra cAra saMhitAeM taiyAra kI aura paila ko Rgveda, vaizaMpAyana ko yajurveda, jaimini ko sAmaveda evaM sumaMtu ko atharvaveda kI saMhitA par3hA kara unheM apane apane ziSya praziSyoM dvArA veda kA sarvatra pracAra karane kA Adeza diyaa| vividha prakAra ke yajJoM ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kI ThIka vyavasthA ke lie brAhmaNa graMthoM kI nirmiti kA kArya bhI bhagavAna veda vyAsa ne hI kiyaa| unake dvArA jisa ziSyaparaMparA kA vistAra huA unake kAraNa vedoM kI aneka zAkhA-prazAkhAoM kA vistAra haA, jisakA vistArapUrvaka varNana aneka purANoM meM tathA bhAgavata aura mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva (adhyAya 342) meM milatA hai| tathApi isa vedavistAra kI vyavasthita jAnakArI ke lie caraNavyUha nAmaka tIna graMtha prasiddha haiM : (1) zaunaka kRta- isapara kAzI-nivAsI mahIdAsa ne sana 1556 meM bhASya likhaa| (2) kAtyAyana kRta- isapara yogezvara upanAma ke tryaMbaka zAstrI nAmaka vidvAna ne 17 vIM zatAbdI meM TIkA likhii| (3) vyAsa kRt| dazagraMtha prAcIna paraMparA ke anusAra vaidika vAGmaya ke adhyetAoM meM "dazagraMthI vidvAna" ko bar3I mAnyatA thii| jisa vaidika chAtrane, (1) saMhitA, (2) brAhmaNa, (3) padakrama, (4) AraNyaka, (5) zikSA, (6) chaMda, (7) jyotiSa, (8) nighaMTu, (9) nirUkta aura (10) aSTAdhyAyI, ina dasa graMthoM kA pAGkta adhyayana kiyA ho use dazagraMthI vidvAna kahate haiN| 1 AraNyaka vAGmaya vaidika vAGmaya kA saMbaMdha jisa vaidika dharma se hai, usake karmakANDa aura jJAnakAMDa nAmaka do vibhAga haiN| karmakANDa ke antargata nAnAvidha yajJa-yAgoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai, jisakA savistara vivecana brAhmaNa graMthoM meM milatA hai| isa brAhmaNa vAGmaya ke gadyapadyAtmaka pariziSTa vibhAga ko 'AraNyaka' saMjJA dI hai| isa vibhAga kA adhyayana araNya meM raha kara karane kI paripATI thii| usI kAraNa isa vAGmaya ko 'AraNyaka' saMjJA prApta huI, (araNya evaM pAThyatvAt AraNyakamitIryate) aisI bhI eka upapatti batAI jAtI hai| yajJa-yAgoM kI gUDhatA aura varNAzramoM ke dharmAcAra yahI hai AraNyakoM ke pratipAdya vissy| kucha upaniSadoM kA bhI antarbhAva AraNyakoM meM hotA hai| isa kAraNa AraNyaka aura upaniSadoM kI nizcita sImAreSA batAnA asaMbhava sA hai| jisa prakAra maMtra aura brAhmaNa ina donoM ko milAkara "veda" kahate haiM, usI prakAra AraNyaka aura upaniSada ko "vedAnta" kahate haiM, kyoM ki yaha vAGmaya veda kA antima bhAga hai| jisa prakAra viziSTa brAhmaNa graMthoM kA viziSTa vaidika sampradAya se saMbaMdha hai, usI prakAra, AraNyakoM evaM upaniSadoM kA bhI vaidika saMpradAyoM se saMbaMdha hotA hai (dekhie-pariziSTa) brAhmaNa- AraNyaka aura upaniSada inakA paraspara saMbaMdha nimna prakAra se hai :(1) Rgveda aitareya brAhmaNa se, aitareya AraNyaka aura aitareya upaniSada saMbaMdhita hai| (2) Rgveda zAMkhAyana (arthAta kauSItakI) brAhmaNa se, kauSItakI AraNyaka aura kauSItakI upaniSada saMbaMdhita hai| (3) kRSNa yajurveda taittirIya brAhmaNa se, taittirIya AraNyaka aura taittirIya upaniSada saMbaMdhita hai| mahAnArAyaNa upaniSada bhI taittirIya AraNyaka se saMbaMdhita hai| (4) zukla yajurveda ke zatapatha brAhmaNa ke 14 veM maMDala kA prAraMbhika tRtIyAMza bhAga "AraNyaka" hai aura bAkI do tRtIyAMza bhAgoM ko "bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada" kahate haiN| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada sabhI upaniSadoM meM baDA aura aneka dRSTi se paripUrNa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 21 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hai| zukla yajurveda ke mAdhyandina aura kANva ina donoM zAkhAoM ke AraNyaka, mAdhyandina AraNyaka aura kANva - bRhadAraNyaka nAma se prasiddha haiN| ina donoM bRhadAraNyakoM meM vizeSa aMtara nahIM hai| (5) sAmaveda ke tANDaya brAhmaNa se chAMdogya upaniSada saMbaMdhita hai / chAMdogya kA prAraMbhika bhAga AraNyaka ke samAna hai| (6) sAmaveda kI jaiminIya zAkhA kA jaiminIya brAhmaNopaniSadbrAhmaNa hI "talavakAra AraNyaka" nAma se prasiddha hai / isa brAhmaNa meM AraNyaka aura upaniSada kA antarbhAva huA hai| aitareya AraNyaka saMpUrNa AraNyaka vAGmaya meM Rgveda ke aitareyAraNyaka ko vizeSa mahatva diyA jAtA hai| sana 1876 meM satyavrata sAmAzramIjI, sAyaNabhASya sahita isakA prathama mudraNa kiyaa| sana 1909 meM kItha ne aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha usakA prakAzana kiyaa| isa AraNyaka para SaDguru ziSya kI "mokSapradA" nAmaka TIkA kA nirdeza milatA hai, paraMtu vaha TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai| isameM kula aTharAha adhyAyoM kA pAMca bhAgoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA hai aura pratyeka adhyAya kA vibhAjana aneka khaMDoM meM kiyA hai| prathama AraNyaka meM gavAmayana, mahAvrata, prAtaH savana, mAdhyaMdina savana aura sAyaMsavana kA varNana hai| dvitIya AraNyaka ke 4, 5, 6 adhyAyoM ko hI "aitareya upaniSada" kahate haiN| tRtIya AraNyaka meM nirbhuja aura pratRNNa saMhitA (saMdhi) ke bheda aura svara, sparza, uSpa Adi varNoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| caturtha AraNyaka meM RcAoM kA saMkalana aura paMcama meM mahAvrata kA savana tathA niSkaivalya zastra (arthAt vaidika stotra ) kA vivecana kiyA haiN| ina pAMca AraNyakoM meM se pahale tIna AraNyakoM kA pracAra aitareya mahIdAsa ne cauthe kA azvalAyana ne aura pAMcave kA zaunakAcArya ne kiyA hai aisA mAnA jAtA hai| aitareya AraNyaka ke viSaya pratipAdana se AraNyakoM meM pratipAdita viSayoM kI sthUla rUparekhA samajha meM A sakatI hai| isake atirikta amveda kA zAMkhAyana (kauSItakI), kRSNa yajurveda kA taittirIya aura zukla yajurveda kA bRhadAraNyaka vAnaprasthAzramI vaidikoM ke lie mahatvapUrNa hai| yajJAdi mahAvratoM kA aura hotroM kA vivaraNa yahI sAre AraNyakoM kA pramukha viSaya hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 10 upaniSad vAGmaya vedAnta vAGmaya meM dazopaniSada zabdaprayoga sarvatra rUDha hai / / isa prasiddha zloka meM una dazopaniSadoM kA parigaNana huA hai zrIzaMkarAcAryajI ne apane advaita vedAnta viSayaka bhASyoM meM ina dasa upaniSadoM ke atirikta vetAzvatara mahAnArAyaNa, maitrAyaNI, kauSItakI aura nRsiMhatApinI ina avAMtara pAMca upaniSadoM ke bhI vacana uddhRta kie haiN| ataH unakA bhI dazopaniSadoM ke samAna brahmajJAna meM prAmANya mAnA jAtA hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA ko upaniSada kI mAnyatA hai| isa prakAra pramANabhUta upaniSadoM kI saMkhyA kevala dasa hI nahIM hai / "Iza-kena- kaTha praznamuMDa mANDUkya- tittiriH chAndogyam aitareyaM ca bRhadAraNyakaM tathA / / muktopaniSada nAmaka graMtha meM 108 upaniSadoM ke nAma ullikhita haiM aura cAra vedoM ke anusAra unakA vargIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai jaise :Rgveda : 10 upaniSada / kRSNa yajurveda 32 upaniSada, / zukla yaju 19 upaniSada / sAmaveda : 16 upaniSada aura atharvaveda : 31 upaniSada / vedoM kI pratyeka zAkhA kA eka eka upaniSada mAnA jAtA hai| muktakopaniSada meM kahA hai ki AdhyAtmika sAdhaka ne AtmasamAdhAna ke lie IzopaniSada se prAraMbha karate hue kena, kaTha, prazna isa kramAnusAra upaniSadoM kA svAdhyAya karanA caahie| dasa upaniSadoM se samAdhAna prApta nahIM huA to sattAIsa, battIsa, ar3atIsa athavA anta meM 108 upaniSadoM kA adhyayana karanA caahiye| isakA artha brahmajijJAsA pUrNa hone taka sAdhaka ne upaniSadoM kA zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana karanA caahie| 22 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa muktopaniSada ke vargIkaraNa meM vaidika aura avaidika isa prakAra kA upaniSadoM kA bheda nahIM mAnA hai| avaidika mAne gae upaniSadoM kA antarbhAva sAmAnyataH atharvavedIya upaniSadoM meM hotA hai| unakA saMbaMdha purANa aura taMtrazAstra se hotA hai aura unameM dArzanikatA kI apekSA dhArmikatA para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| DAyasana nAmaka pAzcAtya manISI ne, viSayoM kI dRSTi se uttarakAlIna "atharvavedIya upaniSadoM" kA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra kiyA hai: (1) vedAntasiddhAntaparaka prazna, muNDaka, mANDUkya, garbha, gAruDa ityAdi / (2) yogasiddhAntaparaka : amRtabindu, churikA, nAda, bindu ityAdi / (3) saMnyAsadharmaparaka Azrama, saMnyAsa, sarvasAra, brahma, ityAdi / (4) viSNustutiparaka kaivalya, nIlarUdra, atharvaziras ityAdi / - For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaidika upaniSadoM meM se Iza, kena, kaTha, muMDaka, zvetAzvara aura mahAnArAyaNa kI racanA chandobaddha tathA sAhityika guNoM se yukta hai aura inameM AdhyAtmika vicAroM kA sthairya vizeSa rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| atharvavedIya upaniSada vAGmaya uttarakAlIna aura bahusaMkhyAka hai jisameM garbha, piNDa, Atmabodha ityAdi upaniSada vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| upaniSada vAGmaya ke antargata adhikatama 250 taka upaniSadoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai, jinameM zrIzaMkarAcArya ke utkRSTa bhASyagraMthoM ke kAraNa Iza, kena, kaTha ityAdi dasa aura gyArahavAM zvetAzvatara vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| inake atirikta amRtabiMdU, dhyAnabiMdu, kaivalya, garbha, gopAlatApanI, rAmapUrvatApanI, nRsiMhottaratApanI, churikA, jAbAla, saMnyAsa, nArAyaNIya, mahAnArAyaNa, maitrI, yogatattva, sarva, vajrasUcI ityAdi 32 upaniSadoM ko bhI vizeSa mahattva diyA jAtA hai| vaidika vAGmaya meM jisa "vidyA" kA pratipAdana huA hai usake (1) parA aura (2) aparA nAmaka do vibhAga kie jAte haiN| cAra vedoM ko "aparA'' vidyA aura jisake dvArA parabrahma kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai use "parA" vidyA kahA hai- (tatra aparA Rgvedo yajurvedaH sAmavedaH atharvAGgirasaH --- / parA ca sA yayA tadakSaram adhigamyate (munnddkopnissd)| isI parA vidyA ko brahmavidyA athavA "upaniSad" kahate haiN| __vyAkaraNa ke anusAra "upaniSad' zabda upa + ni+sad dhAtu ko kvip pratyaya lagA kara siddha hotA hai| una pratyeka kA arthaH- upa - upagamya, uplbhy| ni-nitarAM, niHshessenn| sad (mUla dhAtu Sadlu) = (1) vizaraNa (nAza karanA), (2) gati (gamana karanA), (3) avasAdana (zithila karanA) isa prakAra bhASyakAroM ne vizada kiyA hai| tadanusAra upaniSad zabda ke ghaTakAvayavoM kA artha jor3a kara, saMpUrNatayA tIna artha vyakta hote haiM:- (1) (upa) guru ke pAsa jA kara, jisakA (ni) nizcaya se parizIlana karane para, avidyA (arthAta janma-maraNa kA bIja) kA sad nAza hotA hai, aisI mokSadAyaka vidyA) (2) guru ke pAsa jAkara jisakI prApti, mumukSu kA nizcita hI brahmapada taka gamana karAtI hai aisI mokSadAyaka vidyaa| (3) guru ke pAsa jAne para, jisakI prApti hone se, janmamaraNa kA upadrava zithila hotA hai (sad) aisI svargadAyinI agnividyA / tAtparya "upaniSad" isa strIliMgI zabda kA pAribhASika artha, mAnava kA AtyaMtika kalyANa karane vAlI vidyA kA pratipAdana karane vAle prAcIna vaidika vAGmayAntargata grantha- (upaniSaditi vidyA ucyte| tacchIlinAM garbha-janma-jarAdi- nizAtanAt tadavasAnAd vA, brahmaNo vA upagamayitRtvAta upnissd| tadarthatvAd grantho'pi upaniSad (taittirIyabhASya kI prastAvanA) upaniSad zabda kA upAsanA (dhAraNA, dhyAna) artha meM bhI zrIzaMkarAcAryajI ne apane bhASyoM meM yatra tatra prayoga kiyA hai| isa kA kAraNa upaniSadoM meM brahmaprApti kI vividha prakAra kI upAsanAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vaidika dharma kA svarUpa pravRttipara aura nivRttipara hai| pravRttipara (abhyudAyAtmaka) vaidika dharma kA mArgadarzana mantra-brAhmaNAtmaka saMhitAoM meM aura nivRttipara (niHzreyasAtmaka) dharma kA mArgadarzana upaniSadAtmaka vaidika vAGmaya meM milatA hai| upaniSadoM ko hI "vedAnta" saMjJA prApta hone kA eka kAraNa yaha hai ki, karmakANDa, upAsanAkANDa aura jJAnakANDa ina vaidika dharma ke tIna kANDoM meM se aMtima jJAnakANDa (aura usakA sAdhanabhUta upAsanAkANDa) kA pratipAdana upaniSad vAGmaya meM kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA kAraNa-IzAvAsyAdika upaniSada, vaidika saMhitAoM ke aMta meM graMthita hue haiN| upaniSadoM meM pratipAdita AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM evaM sAdhanAoM kA svarUpa vizada karane kI dRSTi se cAroM vedoM ke viziSTa upaniSadoM kA saMkSepataH paricaya yahAM prastuta kiyA hai| ' RgvedIya upaniSada (1) aitareya - isa upaniSada meM kevala tIna hI adhyAya haiN| prathama adhyAya meM kahA hai ki isa jagat kI nirmiti jisa parabrahma se huI, usI kA utkRSTa vyakta svarUpa hai maanv| mAnava ke indriyoM, mana aura hRdaya ina tIna karaNasthAnoM meM AtmA kA nivAsa hotA hai aura tadanusAra vaha jAgRti, svapna evaM suSupti (arthAta gADhatama nidrA) ina tIna avasthAoM kA anubhava pAtA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM, AtmA ke trividha janmoM kA vicAra kiyA hai| isa saMsAra (arthAta janma-maraNa cakra) kA aMta athavA svargastha amaratva yA pUrNAvasthA hI mokSa hai| vahI mAnava kA parama puruSArtha hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM AtmasvarUpa kA varNana karate hue "prajJAna" hI brahma hai yaha siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA hai| (2) kauSItaSI upaniSada- Rgveda ke kauSItaSakI brAhmaNa meM viziSTa 15 adhyAyoM ko kauSItakI AraNyaka mAnate haiN| usa AraNyaka ke tIna se chaH jina cAra adhyAyoM kA vibhAga hai usI kA nAma hai kauSItakI upnissd| isameM pradhAnatayA maraNottara AtmA ke do mArgoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM prajJA ko hI AtmA kA pratika kahA hai| aMtima do adhyAyoM meM brahmavAda kA pratipAdana hai| kauSItakI upaniSada kI vizeSata, jJAna se karma kI zreSThatA pratipAdana karane meM mAnI jAtI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza-graMthakAra khaNDa/23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmavedIya upaniSada (1) chAndogya- chandoga zabda kA artha hai saamved| isI kAraNa "chAndogya" kA artha hotA hai- "chandogam adhikRtya kRto granthaH' arthAt sAmaveda se saMbaMdhita grNth| isake kula ATha adhyAyoM meM paMdraha se caubIsa taka khaMDa haiN| upaniSada vAGmaya jisa adhyAtma vidyA yA brahmavidyA kA pratipAdana karatA hai usako vizada evaM sugama karanevAlI rocaka tathA udbodhaka kathAeM chAMdogya meM adhika mAtrA meM milatI haiN| chAMdogya upaniSada kA adhyAyAnusAra saMkSipta sArAMza : adhyAya-1 : isa adhayAya ke 13 khaMDa haiN| AraMbha meM "om iti etad akSaram uthItham upAsIta"- (arthAta om yaha akSara hI udgItha yAne sAmaveda hai, isa niSThA se usakI upAsanA karanI cAhie aisA artha isa maMtra se hotA hai| Age calakara sAma ke avayavoM kA vivecana karate hue una avayavoM kI upAsanA kA phala batAyA hai| aMtima 13 veM khaMDa meM stobhAkSaroM kA phala sahita vivecana kiyA hai| stobhAkSara kA artha hai, sAmaveda kI geya RcAoM ke atirikta, hAi, hAU, hAu, U, hiM ityAdi arthahIna akSaroM kA smuuh| ina kI upAsanA se kucha adRSTa phala kA sAdhaka ko lAbha hotA hai| adhyAya- 2 : isa adhyAya meM kula 24 khaMDa haiN| prathama khaMDa meM, hiMkAra, prastAva, udgItha, pratihAra aura nidhana ina pAMca prakAra ke sAmoM kI upAsanAvidhiyAM batAI hai| bAda meM 8 veM se 21 veM khaMDa taka AdityAdi sAta sAmoM kI upAsanA batA kara, Aditya ke kisa avayava ko kisa sAmAvayava kA rUpa prApta hotA hai yaha siddha kiyA hai| 22 veM khaMDa meM kisa devatA kA kisa svara meM stutigAna karanA yaha batAyA hai| 23 veM khaMDa meM, sAmAvayava udgItha oMkAra aura zuddha oMkAra meM bheda siddha kiyA hai| 24 veM khaMDa meM prAtaHsavana, madhyAhna savana aura sAyaMsavana, kI devatAeM aura unakI upAsanAoM kA phala isa viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| adhyAya- 3 : 19 khaMDoM ke isa adhyAya meM AdityopAsanA aura usakA phala isa viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| prAraMbhika pAca khaMDoM meM yajJaphala aura karmaphala batAte hue, tInoM savanakarmoM ke samaya ke sUrya ke rUpa batAe haiN| Age adhyAya samApti taka Aditya hI brahma hai yaha siddha kiyA hai| adhyAya- 4 : satraha khaNDoM ke isa adhyAya meM vAyu aura prANa brahmA ke caraNa hone ke kAraNa unakI upAsanA kA mahattva pratipAdana kiyA hai| prAraMbhika nau khaMDoM meM janazruti kI kathA ke AdhAra para, vidyAdAna aura usakI vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dRDhazraddhA, annadAna aura vinaya adhyAtmavidyA kI prApti ke tIna sAdhana batAe haiN| dasaveM adhyAya se lekara Age zraddhA aura tapa ye do brahma prApti ke zreSTha sAdhana haiM, isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana, upakosala satyakAma jAbAli kI kathA dvArA kiyA hai| anta meM brahmavidyA kI prApti hone para sAdhaka kisa prakAra brahmasvarUpa hotA hai yaha batAkara adhyAya kI samApti kI hai| adhyAya-5 : isameM 25 khaNDa haiN| cauthe adhyAya meM jisa "devayAna" kA nivedana kiyA hai usakI prApti "paMcAgnividyA" kA jJAna rakhane vAle ko kisa prakAra hotI hai yaha pramukhatA se batAyA hai| prANa aura indriyoM ke saMvAda dvArA prANa kI zreSThatA siddha kI hai| tIsare khaNDa meM zvetaketu kI kathA ke AdhAra para saMsAra kA duHkhasvarUpa pratipAdana kiyA hai| 11 veM khaNDa se 24 khaNDa taka prAcInazAla ityAdi pAMca vidvAnoM ne AtmA aura brahma kA nirNaya kiyA hai| __ adhyAya-6 : isameM 15 khaNDa haiM, jina meM AruNi ke putra zvetaketu kI kathA dvArA jIva aura brahma kI ekatA kA udbodha kiyA hai| isI zvetaketu kI kathA meM eka mUlabhUta satya kA jJAna hone para, sabhI jJAna prApta hotA hai yaha siddhAnta aneka dRSTAntoM dvArA batAyA hai| AtmajJAnI punarjanma se mukta hotA hai aura ajJAnI punarjanma ke phere meM ghUmatA hai isakI carcA bhI adhyAya meM kI hai| adhyAya-7 : isa adhyAya meM brahma kI jina solaha svarUpa meM upAsanA hotI hai, unakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| adhyAya- 8 : isake pUrvArdha meM, antakaraNa tathA bAhya vizva meM nivAsa karane vAle Atmatattva ko prApta karane kI vidhi batAyI hai aura uttarArdha meM AtmA ke satya tathA asatya svarUpa kA paricaya diyA hai| jAgrata, svapna aura suSapti ye AtmA kI tIna avasthAeM haiN| suSupti kI avasthA meM vaha apane nijI vizuddha svarUpa meM rahatA hai, yahI sAre pratipAdana kA abhiprAya hai| kenopaniSada - isakA saMbaMdha sAmaveda kI talavakAra zAkhA se hone ke kAraNa aura (sAmavedIya) talavakAra brAhmaNa graMtha meM isa kA antarbhAva hone ke kAraNa, isako "talavakAra upaniSada" bhI kahate haiN| isa kA prAraMbha, "keneSitaM patati preSitaM manaH" isa prathama vAkya ke "kena" zabda hone se ise kenopaniSada kahate haiN| isa ke kula cAra khaNDoM meM pratipAdita viSayoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra hai: khaNDa - 1 :- AtmA hI sarvaniyAmaka kintu ajJeya aura anirvacanIya hai| brahmatattva, vAk cakSu, mana ityAdi indriyoM se atIta hone ke kAraNa usakI upAsanA asaMbhava hai| loga jisakI upAsanA karate haiM vaha brahma nahIM hai| khaNDa - 2 :- bAhya vastuoM ke samAna brahma indriyagocara na hone ke kAraNa, zabda sparza ityAdi viSayoM ke rUpa meM usakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| isI kAraNa jo use nahIM jAnatA vahI vAstava meM use jAnatA hai aura yaha samajhatA hai ki mai brahma ko jAnatA 24 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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usake lie brahma ajJAta hai| isa janma meM brahmajJAna huA to hI jIvita kI sArthakatA hai / brahmajJAna na hone meM bar3I hAni hai| buddhimAna loga prANimAtroM meM brahma kA sAkSAtkAra pA kara amRtatva (mokSa) kI prApti karate haiN| khaNDa 3- isake yakSopAkhyAna meM agni, vAyu, indra ityAdi devatAoM kA sArA sAmarthya vastutaH unakA nijI sAmarthya nahIM hotA, api tu parabrahma kA hI hotA hai, yaha siddhAnta pratipAdana kiyA hai| usa sarvazaktimAna brahma tattva kA jJAna guru ke upadeza dvArA hI hotA hai, yaha siddhAnta haimavatI umA ke upadeza se sUcita kiyA hai| jasa prakAra netroM kA nimeSa aura unmeSa athavA bijalI kA camakanA tatkAla hotA hai athavA antaHkaraNa ko pratIti tatkAla hotI hai, usI prakAra gurupadeza se maMdabuddhi puruSa ko bhI brahmajJAna tatkAla hotA hai| sAtha hI brahmajJAna ke lie sAMga vedAdhyayana, satya, tapa, dama aura agnihotrAdi karma, inakI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai| tapa, dama aura karma brahmavidyA kI pratiSThA (AdhArabhUmi) hai aura veda-vedAGga tathA satya usakA Ayatana ( nivAsasthAna) hai| brahmavidyA se hI pApoM kA kSaya hokara mAnavajIva ananta aura mahAn svarga meM sthirapada hotA hai, arthAt vaha janmamaraNa ke cakra se mukta hotA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kenopaniSada laghukAya graMtha hai tathApi bhagavAn zaMkarAcArya ne usa para do bhASya- (prathama padabhASya aura bAda meM vAkyabhASya) likhakara usakI pratiSThA bar3hAI hai vAkyabhAgya meM sarvatra (vizeSataH tRtIya khaMDa ke prAraMbha meM) yuktivAdoM se virodhI matoM kA khaMDana aura advaita siddhAnta kA pratipAdana jagadguru ne kiyA hai| kRSNa yajurvedIya upaniSada kAThakopaniSada kRSNa yajurveda kI kaTha zAkhA Aja lupta hai tathApi usa zAkhA kA kAThakopaniSada prasiddha hai| pANini ke kaThacarakAt luk" isa sUtra se caraka ke samAna kaTha yaha kisI RSi kA nAma pratIta hotA hai| isa upaniSada meM vAjazravas RSi ke putra naciketA ko mRtyu dvArA prApta AtmajJAna pratipAdana kiyA hai| kaThopaniSada ke do adhyAyoM kA "vallI" nAmaka upaprakaraNoM meM vibhAjana kiyA hai| - - prathamavallI vAjazravA RSi ne vizvajit yajJa meM sarvasva dAna karate hue kSINa jIrNa gAyoM kA dAna denA zurU kiyaa| taba putra naciketA ne prazna kiyA "pitAjI" Apa merA dAna kise kreNge| yahI prazna usa bAlaka ne bAra bAra pUchA, taba cir3ha 'kara pitA ne kahA "mRtyave tvAM dadAmi " mai terA dAna mRtyu ko dUMgA / naciketA yamarAja ke bhavana meM pahuMca gyaa| tIna dina taka upoSita rahate hUe naciketA ne unakI pratIkSA kii| vApasa lauTane para yamarAja ne use tIna vara pradAna kie| isameM ci ne maraNottara AtmA kI gati ke bAre meM prazna puuchaa| isa gUDha prazna kA uttara TAlane ke hetu naciketA, ko kaI pralobhana batAe ge| naciketA' ne unheM nkaaraa| usakI tIvra virakti aura jijJAsA dekha kara mRtyudeva ne use AtmajJAna btaayaa| upaniSadoM ke anekavidha upAkhyAnoM meM kaThopaniSada kA yaha naciketopAkhyAna atIva rocaka evaM lokapriya hai| - dvitIyavallI manuSya jIvana meM zreya aura preya donoM kI prApti hotI hai / preya kA tyAga kara, jo zreya kA arthAt brahmajJAna kA svIkAra karatA hai usakA hita hotA hai| jo preya kA pIchA karatA hai, vaha bAraMbAra mRtyu kA zikAra hotA hai / AtmajJAna yA brahmavidyA kI prApti kevala tarka dvArA nahIM hotii| anubhavasampanna AcArya ke upadeza se hI usakI prApti ho sakatI hai| AtmajJAna se mAnava harSa aura zoka se vimukta hokara parama AnaMda kA anubhava pAtA hai| oMkAra hI nitya zAzvata avinAzI brahmatattva kA AlaMbana hai| "aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn"- AtmasvarUpa brahma kA jJAna, vairAgyasampanna aura indriyajayI puruSa ko hI hotA hai| usa jJAna se vaha zaukamukta hotA hai| tRtIyavallI vidyA aura avidyA ina meM svarUpabheda aura phalabheda vizada karane ke lie ratharUpaka kA varNana "AtmAnaM rathinaM viddhi zarIraM rathameva tu buddhiM tu sArathiM viddhi manaH pragrahameva c| indriyANi hayAnAhuH viSayAMsteSu gocarAn / / (1-3-4) ina mantroM meM kiyA hai jo atyaMta samarpaka hai| ratharUpaka meM buddhi ko sArathI kahA hai / saMsArI AtmA kA paramapada taka pravAsa nirvihana hone ke lie, indriyarUpa akSoM ko viSayamArga para samhAlane vAlA buddhirUpa sArathI "vijJAnavAn" (AtmAnAtmavivekayukta) aura samAhita (sthira) honA Avazyaka hai| usameM doSa rahA to "rathI" (AtmA) paramapada taka na pahuMcate hue, janma maraNa ke cakra meM phaMsa jAtA hai| indriyebhyaH parA hyarthA arthebhyazca paraM manaH / manasastu parA buddhiH budhderAtmA mahAn paraH / / mahataH paramavyaktam avyaktAt puruSaH paraH / puruSAnna paraM kiMcit sA kASThA sA parA gatiH / / (R. 1-3-11) , ina mantroM meM indriyAM aura unake viSaya mana, buddhi, mahattatva, avyakta (arthAt mUla prakRti) ina saba se pare jo sUkSmatama puruSa tattva hai, vahI jIva kA parama prAptavya athavA gantavya sthAna hai| yaha parama tattva samasta bhUtamAtra meM nigUDha hai, phira bhI saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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avidyA (mAyA) ke vicitra prabhAva ke kAraNa usakA Akalana honA asaMbhava hai| paraMtu ekAgra buddhi dvArA sUkSmadarzI sAdhaka usakA Akalana kara sakatA hai| isa lie kaThopaniSada kI isa vallI meM laya-cintana kI sAdhanA kA kaThina abhyAsa batAyA hai| usa abhyAsa ke lie zreSTha brahmajJAnI AcArya ko zaraNa jAne kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI hai| caturthavallI - indriyoM kI svAbhAvika pravRtti bahirmukhI hone ke kAraNa, antarAtmA kI ora pravRtta honA duSkara hai| paraMtu jisa sAdhaka ne bahirmukha indriyoM ke vyApAra niruddha kara, AtmasAkSAtkAra prApta kiyA, usa ke lie kucha bhI jJAtavya nahIM bAkI rahatA / sarvajJa paramAtma tattva se ekatva hone ke kAraNa, vaha bhI sarvajJa hotA hai aura ajJAnamUlaka zoka kI bAdhA use kataI nahIM hotii| manuSya deha meM, aMguSTha-pramANa hRdaya-kamala ke antargata nirdhUma jyotiHsvarUpa AtmA kA nivAsa hotA hai, yaha rahasya jo jAnatA hai, vaha apane zarIra ke saMbaMdha meM udAsIna ho jAtA hai| pratyeka zarIra meM virAjamAna Atmatattva paraspara bhinna hotA hai, aisA bhedabhAva rakhane vAle kA adhaHpAta hotA hai| bhedadarzana se punarjanma hotA hai aura abheda-darzana dvArA janma-maraNa se muktatA prApta hotI hai, isa siddhAnta kA yahAM pratipAdana huA hai| paMcamavallI - naciketA kA mUla prazna maraNottara jIva kI avasthA ke viSaya meM thaa| usa prazna kA uttara isa vallI meM diyA gayA hai| "yathAprajJaM saMbhavaH" isa siddhAnta ke anusAra maraNottara jIva ko janmaprApti hotI hai, paraMtu jo sAdhaka indriyoM kI bahirmukha pravRtti kA nirodha kara, zarIrastha hRdayAkAza (arthAt buddhi) meM caitanyarUpa se abhivyakta paramAtmatattva kA sAkSAtkAra pAte haiM, unheM zAzvata zAMti kA lAbha hotA hai, anya kisI ko vaha lAbha nahIM hotaa| SaSThavallI - kArya ke svarUpa se kAraNa ke svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai, isa siddhAnta ke anusAra, jisa avyakta tattva se saMsArarUpa azvastha vRkSa kA vikAsa huA hai, vaha sanAtana hone ke hetu usakA mUla kAraNa bhI sanAtana hI honA caahie| usa mUla kAraNa meM vikAsa kI zakti bhI honI caahie| arthAt isa samagra saMsArarUpa kArya kI utpatti, sthiti aura vilayaM, usa mUla kAraNa meM hI honA caahie| ghaTa jisa prakAra mRttikA se vibhinna nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra isa brahmANDa kA koI bhI padArtha, usake mUla kAraNa se (arthAt paramAtmatattva se) vibhinna nahIM ho sktaa| usa sarvazaktimAn paramAtmatattva kA jinheM jJAna hotA hai, ve "amRta" hote haiM aura jinheM yaha jJAna nahIM hotA, ve apanI apanI vAsanA ke anusAra punarjanma ke phere meM par3ate hai| ataH isI naradeha meM paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra pAnA hI mAnava kA parama kartavya hai| AtmasAkSAtkAra kI sAdhanA isa avasara para mRtyudeva ne savistara batAI hai| isa sAdhanA ko hI "yoga" kahA hai| tadanusAra AtmajJAna pAnevAle kA zoka naSTa hotA hai| yahI AtmajJAnI kA lakSaNa hai| kaThopaniSada ke anta meM amRtatva kI prApti ke lie eka gUDha yaugika sAdhanA batAI hai| tadanusAra manuSya zarIra meM hRdayasthAna se nikalanevAlI eka sau eka nADiyoM meM se suSumnA nAmaka nADI dvArA, hRdayastha antarAtmA kA zarIra se bAhara saMkramaNa hone para, amRtatva kI prApti hotI hai (tayordhvamAyan amRttvmeti)| zvetAzvatara upaniSada - kRSNa yajurvedAntargata isa mahattvapUrNa upaniSada ke pravaktA zvetAzvatara RSi ko, tapaHprabhAva se aura devaprasAda se jo brahmajJAna prApta huA vaha unhoMne "atyAzramI" (arthAta paramahaMsa) RSiyoM ko nivedana kiyaa| isa upaniSada ke chaH adhyAyoM ke 173 maMtroM meM yaha tattvajJAna batAyA gayA hai, jisa meM yoga, sAMkhya, dvaita, advaita, saguNa, nirguNa ityAdi vividha tAttvika viSayoM kA antarbhAva huA hai| upaniSadoM kA antaraMga vedamaMtroM kA AdhyAtmika artha atyaMta gUDha hone ke kAraNa use vizada karane ke hetu upaniSadoM kA AvirbhAva huaa| isakA artha yahI hai ki adhyAtmavidyA ke viSaya meM vedoM kA jo Azaya vahI upaniSadoM kA bhI Azaya hai| tathApi upaniSadoM ke mukhyatama siddhAnta ke viSaya meM madhyayugIna zreSTha vidvAnoM meM tIvra matabheda prakaTa hue| anyAnya AcAryoM ne upaniSadoM kA rahasyabhUta siddhAnta vibhinna prakAra batAyA hai| jaise:- (1) zrI zaMkarAcArya - advaitavAda, (2) zrI rAmAnujAcArya- viziSTAdvaitavAda, (3) zrI vallabhAcArya - vizuddhAdvaitavAda, (4) zrIniMbArkAcArya - dvaitAdvaitavAda (5) zrImadhvAcArya- dvaitavAda / isa prakAra AcAryoM ne parasparavirodhI sidhdAnta upaniSadoM se kaise siddha kie isa viSaya meM bar3A hI Azcarya mAlUma hotA hai aura sAmAnya sthUla buddhi ke jijJAsu kA saMdeha kAyama raha jAtA hai| sAmpradAyika loga apane apane AcArya kA siddhAnta hI upAdeya mAnatA hai| upaniSadoM kA rahasya pratipAdana karane ke hetu bhagavAn bAdarAyaNa (vyAsa RSi) ne brahmasUtra aura bhagavadgItA kI racanA kii| paraMtu una ke bhI tAtparya ke viSaya meM AcAryoM ne apane matabheda kAyama rakhe haiN| mahApaMDitoM ke isa prakhara matabheda ke kAraNa, upaniSadoM kA siddhAnta aba buddhivAda kA nahIM apitu zraddhA kA viSaya banA hai| 26 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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daitavAdI, advaitavAdI pakSoM ke yuktivAdoM kA saMkSepataH paricaya : (1) autavAda - upaniSada vedamUlaka haiN| vedoM kI "dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyaH (R. 1-164-16) jaisI RcAoM meM jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA dvaita spaSTatayA pratipAdana kiyA hai| arthAt upaniSadoM meM bhI usI dvaita siddhAnta kA pratipAdana honA caahiye| autavAda - dvaitavAda ke pratikUla advaitavAdI kahate haiM ki, "aitAdAtyamidaM sarvam, tat satyam sa AtmA, tat tvamasi vetketo| (chAMdogya a. 6) "ya evaM veda ahaM brahmA' smIti, sa idaM sarva bhavati / tasya ha na devAzca na bhUtyA Izate / AtmA hyeSA bhavati (bRhadAraNyaka) "omityadakSaramidaM sarva tasya upavyAkhyAnaM bhUtaM bhavad bhaviSyaditi sarvam oMkAra eva / yacca anyat trikAlAtItaM tadapi oMkAra eva (mANDUkya) ityAdi vedavacanoM meM jIvAtmA, paramAtmA aura jagat inakA abheda arthAta advaita spaSTa zabdoM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai, ataH autavAda hI upaniSadoM kA mukhya siddhAnta hai| caitavAda - "IzAvAsyamidaM sarvam," "udvayaM tamaspari jyotiSpazyanta uttaram" ityAdi vaidika maMtroM meM Izvara, jIva aura prakRti ina tIna tatvoM kA spaSTa nirdeza hone ke kAraNa "traitabAda" hI veda-vedAnta kA pratipAdya siddhAnta hai| jJAna-karma-vAdI-upaniSadoM meM (1) tameva viditvA atimRtyumeti (zvetAzva 6/15) (2) tarati zokam Atmavit (chAndogya-7-1-3) (3) vidyA'mRtamaznute (iish-11)| isa artha ke aneka vacana milate haiM jina meM jJAnamArga ko hI mokSasAdhana kahA hai| karmamArgavAdI kahate haiM ki- (1) "apAma somam amRtA abhUma" (2) akSayyaM vai cAturmAsyayAjinaH sukRtaM bhvti"| ityAdi aneka vacanoM meM karmamArga ko hI amRtatva (arthAt mokSa) kI prApti kA sAdhana kahA hai| jJAnakarmasamuccayavAdI- (1) "avidyayA mRtyu tIrkhA vidyyaa'mRtmshnute|" (2) tapasA kilbiSaM hanti vidyyaa'mRtmshnute|" (3) tapo vidyA ca viprasya niHzreyasakaraM param / ityAdi vacanoM kA pramANa lete hue, jJAna aura karma kA samuccaya hI mokSasAdhana mAnate haiN| upaniSadoM meM jJAna, karma, dvaita, advaita ityAdi siddhAntoM ke upobalaka pramANa-vacanoM kA yuktipUrvaka samanvaya lagAkara, bhASyakAroM ne apane apane siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kI hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM kA mUlabhUta siddhAnta yaha atyaMta vivAdya viSaya huA hai| ina vivAdoM ke anekavidha mArmika yuktivAda jAnane kI icchA rakhane vAloM ko zrI zaMkarAcAryAdi bhASyakAroM ke graMthoM kA pAMkta adhyayana karatA Avazyaka hai| bhASyakAroM ke zAstrArtha se alipta rahate hue upaniSadoM ke kevala mUlamaMtroM kA parizIlana karane para eka bAta dhyAna meM AtI hai ki sAre hI upaniSadoM meM sarvavyApI tathA sarvAntaryAmI caitanyamaya paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karanA aura jIvAtmA-paramAtmA kI ekatA kA athavA advaitatA kI anubhUti ke lie dhAraNA aura dhyAna kI vividha sAdhanAoM kA pratipAdana mukhyatayA kiyA huA hai| ye sAdhanAeM athavA upAsanAeM hI brahmajijJAsuoM ke lie upaniSadoM kA vihita AcAradharma hai| vedoM ke saMhitA-brAhmaNAtmaka karmakANDa meM pratipAdita AcAradharma aura AraNyaka-upaniSadAtmaka jJAnakANDa meM pratipAdita AcAradharma meM paryApta aMtara hai| karmakANDa meM svargaprada Rtu tathA yajJa ko mahattva hai, kiMtu jJAnakAMDa meM apavargaprada dhAraNA tathA dhyAna (arthAt aMtaraMga yoga) para sArA mahattva keMdrita hai| karmakANDa kA uddiSTa hI svargasukha hai kintu jJAnakAMDa kA uddiSTa mokSasukha yA brahmAnaMda hai| pariziSTa- e - veda aura AraNyaka Rgveda se saMbaMdhita aitareya aura sAMkhyAyana aarnnyk| yajurveda kRSNa se saMbaMdhita taittirIya, sAMkhyAyana AraNyaka / yajurveda zukla bRhadAraNyaka sAmaveda (AraNyaka nahIM hai) pariziSTa- o veda aura upaniSada Rgveda se saMbaMdhita aitareya, mANDUkya, kauSItakI yajurveda (kRSNa) se saMbaMdhita taittirIya, kaTha, zvetAzvatara yajurveda (zukla) se saMbaMdhita bRhadAraNyaka, Iza sAmaveda se saMbaMdhita kena, chAMdogya artharvaveda se saMbaMdhita prazna, muNDaka, saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa -3 vedAMga vAGmaya vedoM kA yathocita artha jAnane meM vedAMgoM kA mahattva nirapavAda hai| isa saMdarbha meM "aMga" zabda kA artha "aMgyante abhIbhiH iti aMgAni" arthAt jinake dvArA kisI vastu ke jAnane meM sahAyatA hotI hai use aMga kahate haiN| veda jaise durbodha viSaya ke Akalana meM vedAMgoM kA upayoga hotA hai, ataH isa vAGmaya zAkhA kA mahattva asAdhAraNa hai| yaha vedAMga sAhitya upaniSadoM ke pUrva nirmANa huA thaa| muNDakopaniSada (1/15) meM aparA vidyA ke antargata cAra vedoM ke sAtha chaH vedAMgoM kA ullekha yathAkrama milatA hai : (1) zikSA, (2) kalpa, (3) vyAkaraNa, (4) nirukta, (5) chaMda aura (6) jyotiSa / ina chaH vedAMgoM kA pratyekazaH svataMtra mahattva hai| vedoM kA artha nirdoSa rIti se Akalana hone ke lie vedAMga nAmaka vAGmaya prAcIna paMDitoM ne nirmANa kiyaa| pANinIya zikSA meM do zlokoM dvArA cha: vedAMgoM kA AlaMkArika paddhati se varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai : "chandaH pAdau tu vedasya, hastau kalpo'tha paThyate / jyotiSAmayanaM cakSuH niruktaM zrotramucyate / / zikSA ghrANaM tu vedasya, mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtm|| tasmAt sAMgamadhItyaiva brahmaloke mahIyate / / (pANinIyazikSA 41-42) ina chaH aMgoM sahita kiyA huA vedAdhyayana hI nirdoSa hotA hai| 1 zikSA zikSA ko vedapuruSa kA "ghANa" kahA hai- (zikSA ghrANaM tu vedsy)| sAyaNAcArya ne apanI RgvedabhASyabhUmikA meM zikSA kA artha, "svaravarNAdhuccAraNaprakAro yatra zikSyate upadizyate sA zikSA"- arthAt svara, varNa Adi kA uccAraNa ke prakAra jisameM paDhAeM jAte haiM, use zikSA kahate haiN| veda ke isa aMga kI ora vaidika kAla meM hI RSiyoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa huA thaa| brAhmaNa graMthoM meM zikSA se saMbaMdhita niyamoM kA ullekha yatra tatra pAyA jAtA hai| taittirIya upaniSada kI prathama vallI meM zikSA ke, varNa, svara, mAtrA, bala, sAma aura santAna ina cha: aMgoM kA ullekha milatA hai| pANinIya zikSA meM vedapATha karane vAle ke chaH doSa, "gItI zIghrI ziraHkampI tathA likhitpaatthkH| anarthajJo'lpakaNTha SaDate paatthkaadhmaaH|| (32) isa zloka meM batAe haiM; aura usake cha: guNoM kA nirdeza "mAdhuryamakSaravyaktiH padacchedastu susvrH| dhairya layaH samarthazca peDate pAThakA guNAH / / 33 / / isa zloka meM kiyA hai| pratyeka veda meM kucha varSoM ke uccAraNa, alaga prakAra se hote haiN| jaise mUrdhanya "Sa" kA uccAraNa, zukla yajurveda meM, viziSTa sthAna para "kha" kiyA jAtA hai| isa uccAraNa-bheda kA paricaya una vedoM kI apanI nijI zikSA meM diyA jAtA hai| zikSAsaMgraha nAmaka graMtha meM ekatra prakAzita choTI bar3I 32 zikSAoM kA samuccaya hai| yaha zikSAsaMgraha banArasa sIrIja se yugalakizora pAThaka ke saMpAdakatva meM sana 1893 meM prakAzita huA hai| ye zikSAeM cAroM vedoM kI bhinna bhinna zAkhAoM se saMbaMdha rakhatI haiN| zikSAviSayaka kucha mahatvapUrNa graMthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nIce diyA hai| zikSA (vedAMga) viSayaka granthoM meM pANinIya zikSA (zloka saMkhyA 60) yAjJavalkyazikSA (zloka saMkhyA 232), vAsiSThI zikSA, kAtyAyanI, pArAzarI, mANDavya, amoghanandinI, mAdhyandinI, varNaratnapradIpikA, kezavI, mallazarma, nAradIya, mANDUkI, ApizalI, caMdragomI ityAdi prAcIna graMthoM kI gaNanA hotI hai| ina sabhI zikSA-graMthoM meM pANinIya zikSA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI hai| isa zikSA ke racayitA svayaM sUtrakAra pANini nahIM mAne jAte kyoM ki graMtha ke aMta meM pANinistutipara kucha zloka Ate haiN| pANinIya zikSA para aneka TIkAeM likhI gaI haiN| yAjJavalkya zikSA meM vaidika svaroM kA sodAharaNa pratipAdana kiyA hai| vAsiSThI zikSA meM Rgveda aura yajurveda ke maMtroM kI vibhinnatA savistara batAI hai| (1) yAjJavalkya zikSA - zloka saMkhyA 232-1 isakA saMbaMdha zukla yajurveda kI vAjasaneyI saMhitA se hai| vaidika svaroM ke udAharaNa, lopa, Agama, vikAra tathA prakRtibhAva ina cAra prakAroM kI saMdhiyAM, voM ke vibheda, svarUpa, paraspara sAmya Adi viSayoM kA vivecana isa zikSA meM kiyA hai| (2) vAsiSThI zikSA - isakA saMbaMdha zukla yajurveda kI vAjasaneyI saMhitA se hai| isa zikSA ke anusAra zukla yajurveda kI samagra saMhitA meM RgvedIya mantra 1467 aura yAjuSa maMtra 2823 hai| isa saMhitA meM Ane vAle RgamaMtra tathA yAjuSa maMtroM kI pRthaktA savistara batAI hai| (3) kAtyAyanI zikSA - zloka saMkhyA 121-1 isa para jayantasvAmI kRta saMkSipta TIkA hai| (4) pArAzarI zikSA - zloka saMkhyA 160-1 28 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra | (5) mANDavya zikSA zukla yajurveda se saMbaMdhita vAjasaneyI saMhitA meM Ane vAle kevala auSThya varNoM kA hI saMgraha isa zikSA kI vizeSatA hai| - (6) amodhanandinI zikSA zloka saMkhyA 130- / isa ke saMkSipta saMskaraNa kI zloka saMkhyA kevala 17 hai| isa meM svaroM kA tathA varNoM kA sUkSma vicAra kiyA hai| ( 10 ) mallazarmazikSA racanAkAla I. 1726-1 - www.kobatirth.org - (7) mAdhyandinI zikSA isakI gadyAtmaka AvRtti bar3I aura padyAtmaka choTI hai| isameM kevala dvitva ke niyamoM kA vicAra kiyA hai| (8) varNaratnapradIpikA - zloka saMkhyA 227- / lekhaka - bhAradvAjabaMzI amareza / samaya-ajJAta / isameM varNoM, svaroM tathA saMdhiyoM kA savistara vivecana kiyA hai| (9) kezavI zikSA - lekhaka- kezava daivajJa / pitA - gokula daivajJa / isa zikSA ke do prakAra haiN| pahilI meM mAdhyandina zAkhA se saMvAda paribhASAoM kA vivecana tathA pratijJAsUtra ke samasta nau sUtroM kI vistRta vyAkhyA udAharaNoM ke sAtha dI hai| dUsarI 2 / padyAtmaka zikSA meM svaraviSayaka vivecana hai| lekhaka- mallazarmA / pitA - agnihotrI khagapati / kAnyakubja brAhmaNa / zloka saMkhyA - 65-1 1 (11) svarAMkuza zikSA lekhaka jayanta svaamii| 25 zlokoM meM svaroM kA vivecana / (12) SoDaza zlokI zikSA lekhaka- anantadeva / zukla yajurveda se (13) avasAnanirNaya zikSA - lekhaka- anantadeva / zukla yajurveda se (14) svarabhaktilakSaNazikSA lekhaka - maharSi kAtyAyana / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - saMbaMdhita / saMbaMdhita / (15) prAtizAkhya pradIpazikSA - lekhaka- bAlakRSNa / pitA- sadAziva / yaha zikSA parimANa meM bahuta bar3I hai| isameM prAcIna graMthoM ke matoM kA nirdeza hone ke kAraNa vaidika zikSA zAstra ko Akalana ke liyI yaha graMtha uttama mAnA gayA hai| (16) nAradIya zikSA sAmaveda se saMbaMdhita svaroM ke rahasya jAnane ke lie yaha graMtha mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| isa para zobhAkara bhaTTa kRta vistRta vyAkhyA upalabdha hai| gautamI tathA lomazI nAmaka anya do zikSAeM sAmaveda se saMbaMdhita haiM / ( 17 ) mANDUkI zikSA - zloka saMkhyA 179- / viSaya- atharvaveda ke svaroM evaM varNoM kA vivecana uparinirdiSTa sabhI zikSA graMtha mudrita haiN| inake atirikta anya graMtha Amudrita par3e haiN| zikSA graMthoM ke pUrva ApizalI, pANini tathA caMdragomI dvArA racita zikSAsUtra nirmANa hue the, jina kA nirdeza vAkyapadIya kI vRSabhadeva kRta TIkA meM, vyAkaraNa kI vRhadvRtti meM evaM nyAsa meM milatA hai| caMdragomI ne pANini kI aSTadhyAyI ke AdhAra para apane vyAkaraNa kI jisa prakAra racanA kI, usI prakAra pANinIya zikSA sUtroM ke AdhAra para varNasUtroM kI saMkhyA 50) racanA kI hai| ApizalikRta zikSA sUtroM ke ATha prakaraNoM meM sthAna, karaNa, prayatna, sthAna- pIDana, ityAdi vividha zikSA viSayoM kA adhyayana kara DA. siddhezvara varmA ne "phoneTika Abjaravezana Aph enzanTa hiMdUja" nAmaka utkRSTa graMtha likhA hai| zikSAzAstra, isa deza kI uccAraNa viSayaka prAcIna gaveSaNA kI vyApti tathA gahanatA kA nidarzana hai| isa vedAMga ke kAraNa vaidika uccAraNa kI paraMparA itanI nirdoSa rahI hai ki, bhArata ke kisI pradeza kA vedAdhyAyI apanI zAkhA ke anya pradezIya vedAdhyAyI ke sAtha, samAna svaroM meM una maMtroM kA uccAraNa kara sakatA hai| Ajakala uccAraNa ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie upalabdha yaMtropakaraNa prAcIna kAla meM nahIM the| phira bhI vaidikoM ke uccAraNa meM, samAnatA rahI isakA saMpUrNa zreya zikSA ko hI hai| 2 kalpa (vaidika karmakANDa) kalpasUtra vaidika dharma kA karmakANDa bar3A jaTila hai / usakA vividha prakAra se jJAna kalpasUtroM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| kalpa zabda kA artha, jisa me yajJa-yAgAdi prayoga kalpita yAne samarthita kiye jAte haiM use kalpa kahate haiM- (kalpyante samarthyante yajJa-yAgAdiprayogAH yatra iti kalpaH) athavA ( vedavihitAnAM karmaNAm AnupUrvyeNa kalpanAzAstram) / inameM se kucha sUtroM ko zrauta sUtra kahate hai kAraNa unameM zrutivihita yajJayAgoM kA vidhAna aura vivaraNa hotA hai dUsare gRhyasUtroM meM gRhasthAzramI logoM ke lie janma se mRtyu taka ke saMskAroM kA pratipAdana hotA hai aura tIsare dharmasUtroM meM sAmAjika, rAjanaitika aura pAramArthika kartavyoM kA upadeza hotA hai| kalpa nAmaka vedAMga kA sUtramaya vAGmaya isa prakAra trividha hotA hai| inake atirikta cauthe prakAra ke sUtroM kA nAma hai zulbasUtra, jinakA saMbaMdha yazIya zilpazAstra se hai| For Private and Personal Use Only 'RgvediyoM ke (1) zAMkhAyana tathA AzvalAyana nAmaka zrautasUtra haiM, jina meM eka hI prakAra ke karmakANDa kA pratipAdana milatA hai| paraMtu zAMkhAyana zrautasUtra (jo AzvAlAyana sUtroM se prAcIna mAne jAte haiM) meM rAjAoM ke lie vihita kucha mahAyajJa saMskRta vAGmaya koza- prathakAra 3/29

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varaNa kiyA hai| etareya ArAyana sUtroM savistara batAye haiN| zAMkhAyana sUtra ke kula aSTAdaza adhyAyoM meM dazapUrNamAsa yajJa se lekara vAjapeya, rAjasUya, azvamedha, puruSamedha aura sarvamedha ina mahAyajJoM kA vivaraNa kiyA hai| ina zAMkhAyana sUtroM kA vivecana amRtakRta bhASya aura goviMdakRta TIkA meM milatA hai| AzvalAyana sUtroM ke kartA the AzvalAyana jo zaunaka RSi ke ziSya the| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ina guru ziSyoM ne aitareya AraNyaka ke aMtima adhyAya likhe| AzvalAyana zrautasUtroM meM aitareya AraNyaka ke anusAra yajJayAgAdi kA vivaraNa diyA hai| sAmaveda ke mazaka (athavA ArSeya) zrautasUtra, lAhyAyana zrautasUtra aura drAhyAyaNa (athavA dAkSAyaNa) nAmaka tIna zrautasUtra milate haiN| unameM mazaka sUtroM meM paMcaviMza brAhmaNa aura anubrAhmaNa ke anusAra somayAga kI kriyAoM kA parigaNana kiyA hai| lAhyAyana sUtra bhI paMcaviMza brAhmaNa se saMbaMdhita hai, paraMtu drAhyAyaNa sUtra kA saMbaMdha sAmaveda kI rANAyaNIya zAkhA se hai| kRSNa yajurveda se saMbaMdhita : (1) ApastaMba, (2) hiraNyakezI (athavA satyASADha), (4) bodhAyana (yaha ApastaMba se prAcInatara hai), (4) bhAradvAja, (5) mAnava (kRSNa yajurveda kI maitrAyaNI saMhitA se isakA saMbaMdha hai aura suprasiddha manusmRti kI racanA isI ke AdhAra para mAnI jAtI hai aura (6) vaikhAnasa ina cha: zrautasUtroM meM kevala mAnava sUtra maitrAyaNI zAkhA se saMbaMdhita hai| anya pAMca sUtra taittirIya zAkhA se saMbaMdhita haiN| zukla yajurveda ke kAtyAyana zrautasUtra meM adhyAya saMkhyA 26 hai aura usa meM zatapatha brAhmaNa meM varNita karmakANDa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isake 22, 23 aura 24 ina tIna adhyAyoM meM sAmaveda kA karmakANDa milatA hai| isa paMtha kI nirmiti sUtrakAla ke aMtima caraNa meM mAnI jAtI hai| isakA karkAcArya kRta bhASya prasiddha hai| kAtyAyana zrAddhasUtra nAmaka graMtha meM, zrAddhavidhi kA vivecana 9 kaMDikAoM meM kiyA hai| usapara karkAcArya, gadAdhara aura kRSNamitra kRta TIkAeM haiN| kAtyAyana kRta zulbasUtra kA vArANasI meM prakAzana huA hai| atharvaveda kA vaitAnasUtra, yajurveda ke kAtyAyana zrautasUtra se aura gopatha brAhmaNa se saMbaMdhita hai| vaitAna sUtra meM kisI bhI prakAra kI maulikatA na hone ke kAraNa use arvAcIna mAnate haiM aura usake praNetA RSi bhI aneka mAne jAte haiN| atharvaveda se saMbaMdhita kisI zrautasUtra kI AvazyakatA pUrNa karane ke hetu isakI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| cAroM vedoM se saMbaMdhita zrautasUtroM kA adhyayana yAjJika karmakANDa kI yathArtha jAnakArI ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai| zrautasUtroM meM varNita yajJavidhi, yajamAna ke kalyANArtha purohitoM dvArA kie jAte haiN| ina purohitoM kI saMkhyA kucha yajJoM meM 16 taka hotI hai| purohitavarga ke adhaHpatana ke sAtha karmakANDAtmaka vaidika dharma kI glAni hotI gii| zrautasUtroM meM 14 prakAra ke yajJakarmoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai, jina meM 7 haviryajJa aura 7 somayajJa hote haiN| haviryajJoM meM darzapUrNamAsya aura cAturmAsya yajJoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| inameM agnihotra adhika pracalita hai| ina haviryajJoM meM dugdhaghRta Adi havirdravyoM kI AhutiyAM dI jAtI haiN| somayajJoM meM agniSToma kA vidhi sukara hotA hai| usameM bhI solaha purohitoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| somayajJa ke ekAha (eka+ahan-dina) dvAdazAha aura anekAha nAmaka tIna prakAra dinasaMkhyA ke anusAra hote haiN| somayAga se saMbaMdhita agnicayana nAmaka karma saMpUrNa varSa taka cAlU rahatA hai| isa kAlAvadhi meM yajJa se saMbaMdhita vividha prakAra kI sAmagriyoM kA cayana hotA hai| 2-a gRhyasUtra vAGmaya kalpa nAmaka vedAMga ke antargata zrautasUtroM ke pazcAt gRhyasUtroM kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| pratyeka veda se saMbaMdhita gRhyasUtroM kA svarUpa nimna prakAra hai : RgvedIya (1) zAMkhAyana gRhyasUtra - isake chaH adhyAyoM meM cAra adhyAya maulika haiN| (2) zAMbavya gRhyasUtra - isakA saMbaMdha kauSItakI zAkhA se hai| zAMkhAyana zrautasUtra ke pahale do adhyAyoM ke viSayo kA hI darzana isameM hotA hai, tathApi isameM pitRviSayaka eka svataMtra aura maulika adhyAya milatA hai| (3) AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra - aitareya brAhmaNa se saMbaMdhita isa sUtra graMtha meM AzvalAyana zrautasUtrAntargata viSayoM kA pratipAdana kula cAra adhyAyoM meM vistAra se kiyA hai| sAmavedIya - (1) gomila gRhyasUtra - karmakANDa viSayaka samagra sUtra vAGmaya meM yaha atiprAcIna, sarvAMga paripUrNa aura rocaka graMtha mAnA gayA hai| (2) khAdira gRhyasUtra - isakA saMbaMdha mukhyatayA drAhyAyaNa zAkhA se hai / rANAyanIya zAkhA meM bhI isakA prAmANya mAnA jAtA hai| kRSNa yajurvedIya - (1) ApastaMba gRhyasUtra - ApastaMba zrautasUtroM ke 26 aura 27 veM adhyAya meM isakA antarbhAva hotA hai paraMtu 26 ve adhyAya meM kevala maMtrapATha hI hone ke kAraNa, 27 vAM adhyAya hI gRhyasUtra mAnA jAtA hai| (2) hiraNyakezI gRhyasUtra - hiraNyakezI kalpasUtra ke 29 aura 30 veM adhyAya meM isakA antarbhAva hotA hai| hA 30 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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(3) bodhAyanagRhyasUtra - yaha graMtha aprasiddha hai| (4) mAnava gRhyasUtra - mAnava zrautasUtra se isakA adhikAMza saMbaMdha hai| "vinAyaka pUjA" viSayaka pratipAdana isakI vizeSatA hai| (5) kAThaka gRhyasUtra - isakA saMbaMdha mAnava gRhyasUtra aura viSNusmRti se hai| (6) bhAradvAja gRhyasUtra - aprasiddha hai| (7) vaikhAnasa gRhyasUtra - isa pratha kA AkAra bar3A hai| isakI racanA uttarakAlIna mAnI jAtI hai| kRSNa yajurveda ke uparinirdiSTa sAta gRhya sUtroM meM se tIna hI prakAzita hue haiN| zukla yajurvedIya - pAraskara gRhyasUtra - ise vAjasaneya athavA kATeya gRhyasUtra bhI kahate haiN| kAtyAyana zrautasUtra se saMbaMdhita isa graMtha kA suprasiddha yAjJavAlkyasmRti para vizeSa prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| atharvavedIya - kauzika gRhyasUtra - isa sUtra graMtha meM abhicAra indrajAla, taMtraprayoga ityAdi se saMbaMdhita viSayoM kA antarbhAva hai| anya vedoM ke gRhyasUtroM meM anulikhita aura bhI vividha viSaya isameM pratipAdita kie haiN| vedakAlIna yA sUtrakAlIna samAja-jIvana kA saMpUrNa citra isa pratipAdana dvArA dikhAI detA hai| isa prakAra ke vaidika sUtra vAGmaya meM vaidika dharma ke karmakANDa meM antarbhUta pArivArika tathA vaiyaktika jIvana se saMbaMdhita dharmavidhiviSayaka jAnakArI savistara prApta hotI hai| vyakti ke janma se mRtyu taka kI vividha saMskArAtmaka kriyAoM se saMbaMdhita anyAnya vedAMtargata maMtroM kA viniyoga gRhyasUtrakAroM ne batAyA hai| zrautasUtroM meM varNita yajJavidhi ke lie gArhapatya, AhavanIya aura dakSiNa ina tIna agnikuNDoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai kiMtu gRhyasUtrAnusAra batAe hue devayajJa meM eka hI agnikuNDa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| saMpUrNa gRhyasUtra vAGmaya meM mAnava kI "sattvazuddhi" ke lie pramukha cAlIsa saMskAroM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| unameM 22 prakAra ke viziSTa yajJoM evaM jIvana ke 18 saMskAroM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| ina 22 yajJoM meM se ATha (pAMca mahAyajJa aura tIna . pAkayajJa milAkara) yajJa gRhyakarmAtmaka aura bAkI caudaha yajJa zrautakarmAtmaka hai| gRhasthAzramI ke lie ye sAre yajJa Avazyaka hai; paraMtu unameM se (1) brahmayajJa (athavA vedayajJa) - yAne vedoM kA nitya paThana, (2) devayajJa - yAne prati dina devatAoM ke nimitta Ahuti-samarpaNa, (3) pitRyajJa - arthAt pitaroM ke prItyartha zraddhApUrvaka tarpaNa, (4) bhUtayajJa - bhUtapizAcoM ke nimitta balisamarpaNa aura (5) manuSyayajJa (atithiyajJa) - yAne atithi abhyAgatoM kA satkAra, ye pAMca yajJa, vaidika dharma para niSThA rakhane vAle pratyeka vyakti ne niralasatA se karane cAhie, aisI kalpasUtroM kI apekSA hai| ina pAMca mahAyajJoM meM bhI brahmayajJa sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai jisa meM prAtaHsaMdhyA, sAyaMsaMdhyA, gAyatrIjapa aura yathAzakti vedapArAyaNa sarvathA aparihArya mAne gaye haiN| gRhya saMskAra uparinirdiSTa paMca mahAyajJoM ke vyatirikta gRhyasUtroM meM jo viziSTa gRhya saMskAra traivarNikoM ke lie batAe haiM, unakA saMkSepataH paricayaH(1) pusaMvana - garbhavatI kA apatya putra hI ho isa nimitta sNskaar| (2) jAtakarma - putra janma ke samaya kA saMskAra / (3) nAmakaraNa - janma ke 12 veM dina apatya kA nAma rkhnaa| (4) kSudhAkarma - bAlaka kA anngrhnn| (5) godAna - janmajAta bAloM ko kATanA / (6) upanayana - brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya varNa ke bAlaka kA kramazaH 8 veM, 12 veM aura 16 veM varSa, dvijatvaprApti nimitta sNskaar| ise maujIbaMdhana bhI kahate haiN| (7) samAvartana - adhyayana samApti kI vidhi (8) vivAha - (9) mahAyajJa - upara batAe hue pAMca yajJoM kA nitya AcaraNa / (10) darzapUrNamAsyAdi - viziSTa mahAna yajJa yAga, varibha para sarpo ko bali samarpaNa, gRhapraveza, khetI se saMbaMdhita utsava, sAMDa ityAdi pazuoM kA visarjana, pUjya puruSoM kI jayaMtI puNyatithI smaaroh| (11) antyeSTi - 2 sAla se choTe baccoM kA daphana aura unase bar3e mRtoM kA dahana / (12) zrAddha - mRtyu kI tithi para prativarSa mRtAtmA ko piNdddaan| (13) pitRmedha - mRtyu ke eka varSa bAda mRta vyakti kI asthi para smAraka nirmANa karanA athavA tIrthakSatra meM asthioM kA visarjana krnaa| vaidika gRhyasUtroM meM varNita aneka saMskAra Aja bhI vaidika bhAratIyoM ke jIvana meM dezakAlAnusAra pracalita haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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3-A dharmasUtra vAGmaya cAroM vedoM ke zrautasUtra aura gRhyasUtra upalabdha hote haiM, paraMtu dharmasUtra nahI milte| sAmaveda kA gautama dharmasUtra aura kRSNa yajurveda ke ApastaMba, hiraNyakezI tathA baudhAyana ina tIna dharmasUtroM ke atirikta gautama, vasiSTha, mAnava, vaikhAnasa aura viSNu ina nAmoM ke dharmasUtra milate haiM, paraMtu unakA kisI viziSTa vedazAkhA se saMbaMdha nahIM haiN| Rgveda, zukla yajurveda aura atharvaveda ke apane dharmasUtra nahIM hai| sAmaveda kA ekamAtra gautama dharmasUtra upalabdha hai aura kRSNa yajurveda ke tIna dharmasUtra pracalita haiN| (1) ApastaMba sUtra - isameM kRSNa yajurvedIya ApastaMba zrautasUtra graMtha ke 28 aura 29 veM adhyAyoM kA saMkSepa kiyA hai| bUlhara ke matAnusAra isa graMtha kI ArSa zailI ke kAraNa isakA samaya I.pU. 4 zataka mAnA hai| isameM traivarNika brahmacArI aura gRhasthoM ke kartavya, bhakSya-abhakSya-viveka, tapazcaryA ityAdi dharmAcAra se saMbaMdhita aura vivAha, dAyabhAga ityAdi artha-kAma saMbaMdhita lokAcAra kA savistara vivecana huA hai| (2) hiraNyakezI dharmasUtra - sAmpradAyikoM ke matAnusAra hiraNyakezI, ApastaMba zAkhA kI upazAkhA mAnI jAtI hai| ApastaMbIya dharmasUtra se isa graMtha kA dRDha saMbaMdha hone ke kAraNa, usake viSayoM kA paryApta jJAna prApta hone ke lie yaha graMtha upayukta mAnA gayA hai| hiraNyakezI zrautasUtroM ke 29 adhyAyoM meM se 26 aura 27 veM adhyAyoM ke viSaya ina sUtroM meM saMkSepataH batAye haiN| I. 5 vIM zatAbdI meM hiraNyakezI dharmasUtra, ApastaMba se vibhakta huA aisA vidvAnoM kA abhiprAya hai| (3) bodhAyana dharmasUtra - kRSNa yajurveda kI bodhAyana zAkhA Aja kahIM bhI astitva meM nahIM hai| paraMtu 14 vIM zatAbdI ke suprasiddha vedabhASyakAra sAyaNAcArya baudhAyana zAkhIya the| isakA artha prAcIna kAla meM vaha zAkhA dakSiNa bhArata meM vidyamAna thii| isa graMtha kA baudhAyana zrautasUtroM se vizeSa saMbaMdha nahIM hai| isake viSayoM se yaha sUcita hotA hai ki ApastaMba dharmasUtra se, yaha graMtha pUrvakAlIna hai| varNAzrama dharma, vizeSa prakAra ke yajJavidhi, rAjakartavya, nyAyadAna, daNDavidhAna, mizra jAtiyAM, vivAha ke prakAra, strIdharma, ityAdi viSayoM kA vivecana bodhAyana dharmasUtra meM huA hai| dharmasUtra viSayaka ye tIna hI graMtha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiM aura ve tInoM kRSNa yajurveda se saMbaMdhita haiN| inake vyatirikta anya dharmasUtra (1) gautama dharmasUtra - isakA saMbaMdha kisI kalpa sUtra se nahIM hai tathApi sAmaveda kI rANAyanIya zAkhA kI gotama nAmaka upazAkhA se isa kA saMbaMdha lagAyA jAtA hai| kumArila bhaTTa ne gautama dharmazAstra kA saMbaMdha sAmaveda ke sAtha batAyA hai, isakA kAraNa gautama dharmasUtra kA 26 vAM adhyAya sAmavedIya brAhmaNa meM zabdAzaH milatA hai| (sAmavedI brAhmaNa graMthoM kI saMkhyA hai 10-1 yaha saba se prAcInatama dharmasUtra mAnA jAtA hai| vasiSTha dharmazAstra - tIsa adhyAyoM kA yaha graMtha gadyapadyAtmaka hai| padyAMza prAyaH triSTup nAmaka vaidika chaMda meM likhA hai| ApastaMba sUtra ke samAna isa meM vivAha viSayaka chaH vidhiyAM batAI haiN| kumArila bhaTTa ise Rgveda se saMbaMdhita mAnate haiN| mAnava dharmasUtra - isI kA padyamaya Azaya manusmRti meM milatA hai, aura isake aneka avataraNa vasiSTha dharmazAstra meM milate haiN| vaikhAnasa dharmasUtra - I. 3 rI zatAbdI meM isakI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| cAra AzramoM ke kartavyoM meM vaikhAnasa (saMnyAsI) Azrama ke kartavya isameM savistara batAe haiN| isa graMtha kA svarUpa gRhyasUtra aura dharmasUtra ke samanvaya sA hai| vaiSNava sampradAyoM meM isa graMtha kA Adara hotA hai| viSNu dharmazAstra - Rgveda kI kauSItakI arthAt sAMkhyAyana zAkhA se isa kA saMbaMdha hai| zulbasUtra - kalpasUtra ke uparinirdiSTa tIna prakAroM ke atirikta cauthA prakAra zulbasUtra kahA jAtA hai| ApastaMba zAkhA ke 30 veM prazna ke aMtima prakaraNa kA viSaya zulbasUtra meM samAviSTa hotA hai| prAcIna kAla ke bhUmitizAstra kA vikAsa athavA Adhunika bhUmiti kA mUla svarUpa isa zulbasUtra dvArA vyakta hotA hai| prAyazcitta sUtra - vaitAna (zrauta) sUtra kA aMgabhUta graMtha hai| pariziSTa (a) cAroM vedoM kI sabhI zAkhA-upazAkhAoM kA paricaya upara diyA hai| usI kA saMkSepa meM paricaya hone kI dRSTi se prastuta pariziSTa upayukta hogA : zAkala zAkhA (1) aitareya brAhmaNa (2) aitareya AraNyaka (3) aitareya upaniSada bASkala zAkhA kauSItakI (sAMkhyAyana) brAhmaNa saMkhyAyana AraNyaka kauSItakI upaniSada (bASkala zAkhA Aja vidyamAna nahIM hai) 32 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khasa For Private and Personal Use Only

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yajurveda zukla kRSNa kANva (1) zatapatha brAhmaNa (2) bRhadAraNyaka (3) bRhadAraNyakopaniSada IzAvAsya upaniSada mAdhyandina (1) zatapatha brAhmaNa *(2) bRhadAraNyaka (3) bRhadAraNyakopaniSada IzAvAsyopaniSada kRSNa yajurveda taittirIya (1) taittirIya saMhitA taittirIya brAhmaNa (2) taittirIya AraNyaka (3) taittirIya upaniSada maitrAyaNI (1) maitrAyaNI saMhitA (2) maitrAyaNIya upaniSada kaTha (1) kAThaka saMhitA (2) kaThopaniSada kApiSThalakaTha (1) kApiSThalakaTha saMhitA zvetAzvatara (1) zvetAzvatara upaniSada sAmaveda / / / rANAyanIya (isake graMtha nahIM hai) / kauthuma (1) (ATha brAhmaNa) (1) paMcaviMza (2) SaDaviMza (3) sAmavidhAna (4) ArSeya (5) maMtra (5) devatAdhyAya (7) vaMza (8) saMhitopaniSada (2) chAMdogya upaniSada / / jaiminIya (1) jaiminIya brAhmaNa (2) jaiminIyopaniSada brAhmaNa (3) ArSeya kenopaniSada atharva veda paippalAda (1) praznopaniSada (1) Rgveda - (2) zukla yajurveda - (3) kRSNa yajurveda - (4) sAmaveda - zaunaka (1) gopatha brAhmaNa (2) muNDaka, mANDUkya upaniSada pariziSTa (A) veda aura unase saMbaMdhita brAhmaNa graMtha brAhmaNa aitareya, kauSItakI (sAMkhyAyana) zatapatha taittirIya, kAThaka paMcaviMza-SaDaviMza, sAmavidhAna, saMhitopaniSada, ArSeya, maMtra, devatAdhyAya vaMza, jaiminIya, jaiminIyopaniSad. gopatha brAhmaNa (5) atharvaveda - saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 33 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa - (i) veda aura unase saMbaMdhita sUtravAGmaya Rgveda dharmasUtra zrautasUtra (2) (1) zAMkhAyana (2) AzvAlAyana gRhyasUtra (3) (1) zAMkhAyana (2) AzvAlayAna (3) zAMbavya kRSNa yajurveda zrautasUtra (6) . (1) ApastaMba (2) hiraNyakezI (3) bodhAyana (4) bhAradvAja (5) mAnava (6) vaikhAnasa gRhyasUtra (7) (1) ApastaMba (2) hiraNyakezI (3) bodhAyana (4) bhAradvAja (5) mAnava (6) vaikhAnasa (7) kAThaka dharmasUtra (5) (1) ApastaMba (2) hiraNyakezI (3) bodhAyana (4) mAnava (5) vaikhAnasa zukla yajurveda zrautasUtra kAtyAyana dharmasUtra gRhyasUtra pAraskara (athavA vAjasaneya yA kATeya) sAmaveda dharmasUtra zrotasUtra mazaka, lATyAyana, drAhmAyaNa gRhyasUtra gobhila khAdira gautama atharva veda dharmasUtra zrautasUtra vaitAna gRhyasUtra kauzika 34 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa (u) - (sUtra-vedasaMbaMdha) zrotasUtra RgvedIya (1) zAMkhAyana (2) AzvAlAyana zukla yajurvedIya (1) kAtyAyana kRSNa yajurvedIya (1) ApastaMba (2) hiraNyakezI (3) baudhAyana (4) bhAradvAja (5) mAnava (6) vaikhAnasa sAmavedIya (1) mazaka (2) lATyAyana (3) drAhyAyaNa atharvavedIya (1) vaitAna gRhyasUtra Rgveda (1) zAMkhAyana (2) AzvAlAyana (3) zAMbavya sAmaveda (1) gobhila (2) khAdira atharvaveda (1) kauzika kRSNajurveda zukla yajurveda (1) ApastaMba (1) pAraskara (2) hiraNyakezI (vAjasaneya athavA kAThaka) (3) baudhAyana (4) bhAradvAja (5) mAnava (6) vaikhAnasa (7) kAThaka dharmasUtra Rgveda zukla yaju sAma atharva kRSNayaju (1) ApastaMba (2) hiraNyakezI (3) baudhAyana (4) mAnava (5) vaikhAnasa 3 "dharmazAstra" saMskRta vAGamaya meM vedoM se lekara aneka grathoM meM "dharma" zabda kA bhinna bhinna sthAnoM para vividha arthoM meM prayoga huA hai| mImAMsako ne "vedapratipAdyaH prayojanavadartho dharmaH" athavA "vedena prayojanam uddizya vidhIyamAno'yo dharmaH" ityAdi vAkyoM meM dharma zabda kA viziSTa artha batAyA hai, jisa ke anusAra mAnava jIvana kI uddezya pUrti ke lie, veda vacanoMdvArA Adezita kartavya ko dharma kahA hai| manusmRti meM "vedaH smRtiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priyamAtmanaH / etaccaturvidhaM praahu| sAkSAd dharmasya lkssnnm|| (2-12) isa suprasiddha zloka meM vedavacana, smRtivacana, sajanoM kA AcAra aura svataH kA priya ye cAra dharma ke arthAt kartavya karmoM ke prabodhana, tattva batAye haiN| yAjJavalkya smRti kI TIkA-mitAkSarA meM" sa ca dharmaH ssddvidhH| varNadharmaH AzramadharmaH varNAzramadharmaH, guNadharmaH, nimittadharmaH sAdhAraNadharmazca" - isa vAkya meM dharma ke cha: prakAra batAye haiN| manusmRti meM hI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhRtiH kSamA damosteyaM shaucmindriynigrhH| dhIvidyA stykrodho| darzakaM dhrmlkssnnm|| (6-92) isa suprasiddha zloka meM akhila mAnavamAtra ke sAmAnya dharma ke dasa prakAra ke tattva batAye haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya meM "dharmazAstra" zabda se jisa viziSTa zAstra kA bodha hotA hai, usa meM manu-yAjJavalkya prabhRti dvArA likhita vedAnukUla smRtigraMthoM kA prAdhAnya se antarbhAva hotA hai| ina smRtigranthoM meM pratipAdita AcAra dharma zrautasUtroM, gRhyasUtroM evaM dharmasUtroM para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa, vedAMga (kalpa) prakaraNa meM hI hamane dharmazAstra viSayaka vivaraNa kA antarbhAva kiyA hai| manuryamo vasiSTho'trirdakSo viSNustathAGgirAH / uzanA vAkyatiAsa ApastAmbo'tha gautamaH / / kAtyAyano nAradazca yAjJavarukyaH praashrH| saMvartazcaiva zaMkhazva hArIto likhitstthaa|| etairyAni praNItAni dharmazAstrANi vai purA / tAnyevAtipramANAni na hantavyAni haitubhiH / / dharmazAstrakAroM kI yaha nAmAvali vAcaspatya kozakAra ne dI hai| ina ke atirikta, vRddhadevala, soma, jamadagni, prajApati, vizvAmitra, zAtAtapa, paiThInasi, pitAmaha baudhAyana, chAgaleya, jAbAli, cyavana, marIcI, kazyapa ityAdi aneka dharmazAstrakAroM ke nAma bhI mAnyatAprApta haiN| ina dharmazAstrakAroM ke smRtirUpa graMthoM meM tathA unase prAcIna dharmasUtroM meM, jo vividha vidhiyAM batAyI gayI haiM, una kA mUla, vaidika maMtroM meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se veda vAGamaya hI dharmazAstra kA mUla hai| kintu veda saMhitAeM dharmasaMbaMdhI nibaMdha nahIM haiN| unameM to dharmasaMbaMdhI bAteM prasaMgavaza AtI gaI haiN| vAstava meM AcAra dharma viSayaka zAstrIya paddhati ke anusAra sArA vivecana, smRtigranthoM meM aura unakI mArmika TIkAoM meM milatA hai| vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra vyavasthita dharmazAstra kA prAraMbha vedAMgabhUta dharmasUtroM se mAnA jAtA hai| gautama, baudhAyana tathA ApastaMba ke prAraMbhika dharmasUtra nizcita hI IsApUrva sAtavIM se cauthI zatI ke mAne jAte haiN| dharmasUtra vAGmaya ke saMbaMdha meM yathocita carcA isa prakaraNa ke prAraMbha meM vaidika vAGmaya ke sAtha hI kI gaI hai| ataH yahAM usakI punarukti anAvazyaka hai| jina smRtigraMthoM kA dharmazAstra se sAkSAt saMbaMdha mAnA jAtA hai, unakI kula saMkhyA uttarakAlIna pramANoM ke anusAra eka sau taka mAnI jAtI hai| ina meM se kucha pUrNatayA gadya meM, kucha gadya- padya meM aura adhikAMza padya-maya haiN| kucha to prAcIna dharmasUtroM ke padyAtmaka rUpAMtara mAtra haiM aura kucha smRtiyA~ sAmpradAyika haiM, yathA hArIta smRti vaiSNava hai| smRtikAroM meM manu kA nAma agragaNya hai| aura "yavai kiMcana manurabravIt tad bheSajam" (manu ne jo kucha kahA hai vaha auSadha hai) ina zabdoM meM taittirIya saMhitA evaM tANDya mahAbrAhmaNa jaise prAcIna graMthoM ne manuprokta dharmazAstra kI prazaMsA kI hai| vartamAna manusmRti meM 12 adhyAya evaM 2694 zloka haiN| isa kI racanA kA kAla, kucha AMtara tathA bAhya sAkSiyoM ke AdhAra para I-pU. dUsarI zatAbdI se IsA ke uparAMta dUsarI zatAbdI ke bIca meM mAnI jAtI hai| isa meM jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, cUDAkarma, upanayana ityAdi saMskAra, brahmacArI ke niyama, ATha prakAra ke vivAha, gRhasthAzrama kA dharmAcaraNa, sApiNDaya- vicAra, zrAddhakarma, vidhavA ke kartavya, vAnaprasya aura saMnyAsI ke kartavya, rAjadharma, maMtri pariSada kI racanA, yuddhaniyama, karaniyama, bAraha rAjAoM kA maMDala, SADguNya prayoga, nyAyAlaya kA vyavahAra, strIdhana, saMpatti ke uttarAdhikArI, rAjya ke sAta aMga, vaizya evaM zUdra ke kartavya, mizrita tathA anya jAtiyoM ke AcAraniyama, prAyazcita, niSkAma karma kI prazaMsA ityAdi mAnava ke dharmajIvana se saMbaMdhita aneka vidha viSayoM kA pratipAdana dhArAvAhI zailI meM kiyA hai| manusmRti para medhAtithi, goviMdarAja, kullUkabhaTTa, nArAyaNa, rAghavAnanda, nandana, evaM rAmacaMdra ityAdi vidvAnoM ne mAmika TIkAe~ likhI haiN| jisa prakAra dharmazAstraviSayaka manusmRti meM rAjanIti kI carcA Ane ke kAraNa, prAcIna bhAratIya rAjanIti meM usakA mahattva mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra arthazAstrAntargata rAjanIti kA vivaraNa karane vAle kauTilIya arthazAstra meM prAcIna dharmazAstra se saMbaMdhita vyavahAra kA vivecana paryApta mAtrA meM hone ke kAraNa, usa grantha kA adhyayana bhI dharmazAstra ke Akalana ke lie mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| manusmRti jaise Adarza dharmazAstra meM jina viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai, usI prakAra ke vividha viSayoM kA vivecana uttara kAlIna aneka smRti-graMthoM evaM dharmanibaMdhoM meM huA hai| dharmazAstra viSayaka mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI nAmAvali pariziSTa meM dI hai tathA prastuta koza meM yathAsthAna unakA saMkSepataH paricaya diyA gayA hai| ina sabhI dharmazAstrakAroM ne apane granthoM dvArA jo vaicArika yogadAna samaya samaya para diyA, usa se isa deza kA putrarUpa samAja (arthAta hiMdU samAja) dhArmika, naitika, vyAvahArika ityAdi sabhI kSetroM meM ekasUtra meM sadiyoM se Abaddha rhaa| prAcIna dharmazAstriyoM ne pratyeka jAti ke sadasyoM evaM pratyeka vyakti ko isa deza ke samAja kA avicchedya aMga mAnA hai| yahI eka mahattva kA kAraNa hai ki jisane isa samAja ko bhISaNa parakIya AkramaNoM meM bhI paryApta mAtrA meM suvyavasthita rkhaa| Aja bhArata meM jina kuprathAoM kA sarvatra pracAra dikhAI detA hai, unakA mUla kAraNa dharmazAstra meM nirdiSTa varNadharma aura jAtidharma ke tatkAlIna vidhi-niSedha mAne jAte haiN| Aja ke samAja sudhAravAdI logoM kA, dharmazAstra meM pratipAdita, jAtivyavasthA evaM varNavyavasthA para bar3A roSa hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM usa vivAda meM jAne kI AvazyakatA 36/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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hameM pratIta nahIM hotI, paraMtu bhAratIya samAja kI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kA aitihAsika paryAlocana karane vAloM ko, prAcIna evaM madhyayugIna dharmazAstra meM pratipAdita viSayoM kA jJAna nitAMta Avazyaka hai isameM saMdeha nhiiN| vaidika dharmazAstra viSayaka vAGmaya meM jina aneka viSayoM kI carcA huI hai unakI vividhatA dekhate hue yaha jJAta hotA hai ki, bhAratIya dharmazAstrakAroM kI dharmasaMbaMdhI dhAraNA sarvasparzI thii| una kI dRSTi meM dharma kisI saMpradAya yA paMtha kA dyotaka nahIM hai, api tu vyakti tathA samAja ko apane carama lakSya taka pahuMcAne vAlA tathA unake jIvana meM duHkha kA parihAra karane vAlA athavA zAnti- samAdhAna dene vAlA AcAra evaM vyavahAra hai| usa ke aMgoMpAMgoM kI sUkSma jAnakArI prApta karane kI apekSA rakhane vAle jijJAsuoM ko mUla graMthoM kA hI avagAhana karanA Avazyaka hai| yahAM dharmazAstrAntargata vividha viSayoM kA kevala vihaMgAvalokanAtmaka paricaya kucha paribhASika zabdoM ke mAdhyama se saMkhyAnukrama se diyA hai, jisa se hiMdU samAja ke dharmazAstra kA aMzataH paricaya ho skegaa| do prakAra kA dharma - [1] iSTa (arthAta yajJa-yAga) aura [2] pUrta (arthAta- maMdira jalAzaya kA nirmANa, vRkSAropaNa, jIrNoddhAra, i.| ina donoM kA nirdeza "iSTApUrva" zabda se hotA hai| mukti ke do sAdhana - tattvajJAna evaM tIrthakSetra meM dehtyaag| tithiyoM ke do prakAra- (1) zuddhA- (sUryodaya se sUryAsta taka rahanevAlI) (2) viddhA (yA sakhaMDA) isa ke do prakAra mAne jAte haiM- (a) sUryodaya se 6 ghaTikAoM taka calakara dUsarI tithi meM milanevAlI aura (A) sUryAsta se 6 ghaTikA pUrva dUsarI tithi meM milane vAlI / Azauca ke do prakAra- jananAzauca aura mrnnaashauc| do prakAra ke vivAha - anuloma aura prtilom| do prakAra kI vezyAeM - (1) avaruddhA (arthAta upabhoktA ke ghara meM rahane vAlI) (2) bhujiSyA svataMtra ghara meM rahane vaalii| pUjA ke tIna prakAra - vaidikI, tAMtrikI evaM mishraa| tAMtrikI pUjA zUdroM ke lie ucita mAnI gaI hai| japa ke tIna prakAra - vAcika, upAMzu aura maans| tIna tarpaNa yogya * (1) devatA (kulasaMkhyA 31), (2) pitara aura (3) RSi (kulasaMkhyA-30) gRhamakha ke tIna prakAra - ayuta homa, lakSahoma, evaM koTihoma / yAtrA ke yogya tristhalI - prayAga, kAzI evaM gyaa| trividha karma- saMcita, prArabdha evaM kriyamANa / tIna RNa - devaRNa, RSiRNa evaM pitRRNa / tIna prakAra kA dhana- zukla, zabala, evaM kRSNa / kAlagaNanA ke tIna bhAratIya siddhAnta - sUryasiddhAnta, AryasiddhAnta, evaM brAhmasiddhAnta / mRta pUrvajoM ke nimitta tIna kRtya- piNDa pitRyajJa, mahApitRyajJa aura aSTakA zrAddha / kalivarNya tIna karma-niyoga vidhi, jyotiSToma meM anubandhyA go kI Ahuti, evaM jyeSTha putra ko paitRka sampatti kA adhikAMza pradAna / rAtri meM varjita tIna kRtya- snAna, dAna evaM shraaddh| (kintu ye tIna kRtya grahaNa kAla meM Avazyaka haiN|) vivAha ke lie varjita tIna mAsa- ASADha, mAgha evaM phAlguna / (kucha RSiyoM ke mata se vivAha sabhI kaloM meM saMpAdita ho sakatA hai|) varSa kI tIna zubha tithiyAM - caitra zukla pratipadA (varSa pratipadA), kArtika zukla pratipadA evaM vijayA dshmii| cAra puruSArtha - dharma, artha kAma evaM mokSa / (2) cAra varNa - brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra / cAra Azrama - brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura sNnyaas| gRhasthAzramI ke prakAra- (1) zAlIna, (2) vArtAjIvI (3) yAyAvara (4) cakradhara aura (5) ghoraacaarik| cAra medha - azvamedha, sarvamedha, puruSamedha aura pitRmedh| cAra medha (yajJa) karane vAlA vidvAna "paMktipAvana" mAnA jAtA hai| yajJoM ke cAra purohita - adhvaryu, Agnidhra, hotA evaM brhmaa| cAra vedavrata - mahAnAmnI vrata, mahAvrata, upaniSadbata aura godAna, (ina kI gaNanA solaha saMskAroM meM kI jAtI hai|) cAra kAyika vrata - ekabhukta, naktabhojana, upavAsa aura ayAcita bhojana / cAra vAcika vrata - vedAdhyayana, nAmasmaraNa, satyabhASaNa aura apaizunya (pIche nindA na krnaa|) saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 37 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pApamukti ke cAra upAya cAra prakAra kI tAMtrika vAnaprasthoM ke cAra prakAra vaikhAnasa, udambara, vAlakhilya evaM vnvaasii| AhAra kI dRSTi se do prakAra (pakvabhojI) aura (2) apacamAnaka (apanA bhojana na pakAnevAle) aise do prakAra bhI mAne jAte haiN| vAnaprasthAzramI ke lie Avazyaka zrauta yajJa (1) AgrAyaNa iSTi, (2) saMnyAsiyoM ke cAra prakAra = - - - - vrata, upavAsa, niyama aura zarIrottApa / dIkSA kriyAvatI, varNamayI, kalAvatI evaM vedhamayI / -- - - bhArata meM mAnya cAra yuga cAra prakAra ke pralaya nitya, naimittika, prAkRtika tathA AtyaMtika sabhI karmoM ke lie zubhavAra soma, budha, guru, evaM zukra / dhArmika kRtya karane ke lie vicAraNIya cAra tattva - tithi, nakSatra, karaNa evaM muhUrta (inameM muhUrta kA mahatva sarvazreSTha hai) - - www.kobatirth.org - - vivAha ke yogya cAra nakSatra rohiNI, mRgazIrSa, uttarA phAlgunI evaM svAti / tithivarjya cAra karma SaSThI ko taila, aSTama ko mAMsa, caturdazI ko surakarma aura pUrNimA amAvasyA ko maithun| cAra dhAma badarInAtha, jagannAtha purI, rAmezvara evaM dvaarkaa| jIvana meM ina dhAmoM kI yAtrA honA Avazyaka hai / utkala (uDisA) ke cAra mahattvapUrNa tIrtha - cakratIrtha (bhuvanezvara), zaMkhatIrtha (jagannAtha purI), padmatIrtha (koNArka), gadAkSetra (jAjapura ) / vedamaMtroM ke pAMca vibhAga vidhi, arthavAda mantra, nAmadheya aura pratiSedha / yajJa ke pAMca agni (1) AhavanIya (2) gArhapatya (3) dakSiNAgni (inheM pretA tIna pavitra agniyAM kahate hai|) (4) aupAsana evaM (5) sabhya / paMcAgni ArAdhanA karane vAle gRhasthAzramI brAhmaNa ko "paMktipAvI" upAdhi dI jAtI hai| paMca mahAyajJa daiva, pitR, manuSya, bhUta evaM brahma / pAMca mAnasa vrata ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura akalkatA ( akuTilatA) | devatA paMcAyatana viSNu, ziva, sUrya, devI aura gaNeza / ina pAMca devatAoM kI sthApanA meM jo devatA keMdra sthAna meM sthApita ho, usake nAma se paMcAyatana kahA jAtA hai| cakra haiM : durgApUjA meM prayukta pAMca cakra rAjacakra, mahAcakra, devacakra vIracakra evaM pazucakra (ina ke atirikta tAMtrika sAdhanA meM upayukta akaDamacakra, RNadhana zodhanacakra, rAzicakra, nakSatracakra i. saba tAMtrika cakroM meM zrIcakra pramukha evaM prasiddha hai / ) saMnyAsI ke bhikSAnna ke pAMca prakAra mAdhukara, prAkpraNIta, ayAcita, tAtkAlika evaM upapanna / paMcAmRta dugdha, dadhi ghRta, madhu evaM zarkarA / paMcagavya - gAya kA dUdha, dahI, ghRta mUtra aura gobara inakA vidhiyukta mizraNa isIko "brahmakUrva" kahate haiN| brahmahatyA, surApAna, corI, gurupatnI se saMbhoga aura mahApAtakI se dIrghakAla taka saMsarga / pApaphala ke pAMca bhAgIdAra - kartA, prayojaka, anumantA, anugrAhaka, evaM nimitta / pAMca mahApAtaka vArANasI ke pAMca pramukha tIrthasthAna dazAzvamedha ghATa, lolArka (eka sUryatIrtha), kezava, bindumAdhava evaM maNikarNikA / jagannAthapurI ke pAMca upatIrthaM mArkaNDeya sarovara, vaTakRSNa, balarAma, mahodadhi (samudra) evaM indradyumna sara / mAnava dharmazAstra ke anusAra kAla kI pAMca ikAIyAM 2 nADikA muhUrta 30 muhUrta paMcAMga ke pAMca aMga ahorAtra / tithi, vAra, nakSatra, yoga, evaM karaNa / tithiyoM ke pAMca vibhAga - nandA (1,6,11) bhadrA (2,7,12) vijayA (3,8,13) riktA (4,9,14 ) pUrNA - (5, 10, pUrNimA) cAturmAsya, (3) turAyaNa evaM ( 4 ) dAkSAyaNa (amAvasyA pUrNimA ke dina ye yajJa karanA cAhie ) vidvatparamahaMsa aura vividiSu) kuTIcaka, bahUdaka, haMsa, aura paramahaMsa (paramahaMsa ke do prakAra kRta, tretA, dvApara evaM kali (yA tiSya) = - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (1) pacanAmaka For Private and Personal Use Only - 18 = nimeSa kASThA / 30 kASThA = klaa| 40 kalA nADikA / = dina ke pAMca bhAga prAtaH saMgava, madhyAhna, aparAhna aura sAyAhna (saMpUrNa dina 15 muhUrtoM meM bAMTA jAtA hai| dina kA pratye bhAga tIna mUhurtoM kA rahatA hai / (zrAddha ke lie AThaveM se bArahaveM taka ke pAMca puhUrta yogya kAla haiM / chaH prakAra kA dharma varNadharma, Azramadharma, guNadharma, nimittadharma aura sAdhAraNa dharma / dina ke chaH karma - snAna, saMdhyA, japahoma devatApUjana evaM atithistkaar| brAhmaNa ke SaT karma yajana, yAjana, adhyayana, adhyApana, dAna evaM pratigraha / 38 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa

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yatiyoM ke chaH kartavya - bhikSATana, japa, dhyAna, snAna, zauca aura dervaacn| jala snAna ke chaH prakAra - nitya, naimittika, kAmya, kriyAMga, malApakarSaNa evaM kriyAsnAna / gauNa snAna - mantra, bhauma, Agneya, vAyavya, divya evaM maans| ye snAna rogiyoM ke lie batAye gae haiN| nAriyoM evaM zUdroM ke lie varjita chaH kArya - japa, tapa, saMnyAsa, tIrthayAtrA, mantrasAdhana aura devatArAdhana / saMvat pravartaka chaH mahApuruSa - yudhiSThira, vikrama, zAlivAhana, vijayAbhinandana, nAgArjuna evaM klki| sAta somayajJa - agniSToma, ukthya, SoDazI, vAjapeya, atirAtra aura aaptoryaam| sAta pAkayajJa - aSTakA, pArvaNa-sthAlIpAka, zrAddha, zrAvaNI, AgrahAyaNI, caitrI, aashvyujii| sAta haviryajJa - agnyAdhAna, agnihotra, darzapUrNamAsa, AgrAyaNa, cAturmAsya, nirUDhapazubandha evaM sautraamnni| pUjanIya saptarSi - kazyapa, atri, bhAradvAja, vizvAmitra, gautama, jamadagni, evaM vasiSTha-aruMdhatI / RSi paMcamI vrata meM inakA pUjana hotA hai| zrAddha meM Avazyaka sAta viSayoM kI zucitA - kartA, dravya, patnI, sthala, mana, mantra evaM braahmnn| aspRzyatA na mAnane ke sthAna - maMdira, devayAtrA, vivAha yajJa aura sabhI prakAra ke utsava, saMgrAma aura bAjAra / punarbhU - (arthAt punarvivAhita "vidhavA") ke sAta prakAra - (1) vivAha ke lie pratizruta kanyA, (2) mana se dI huI, (3) jisakI kalAI meM vara ke dvArA kaMgana bAMdha diyA hai| (4) jisakA pitA dvArA jala ke sAtha dAna diyA ho, (6) jisane vara ke sAtha agnipradakSiNA kI ho aura (7) jise vivAhoparAnta baccA ho cukA ho| inameM prathama pAMca prakAroM meM vara kI mRtyu athavA vaivAhika kRtya kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa, ina kanyAoM ko "punarbhU" (arthAta punarvivAha ke yogya) mAnA jAtA hai| sAta prakAra se pApiyoM se saMparka - yauna, srauva, maukha, ekapAtra meM bhojana, ekAsana, sahAdhyayana, adhyApana / nyAsa ke sAta prakAra - haMsanyAsa, praNavanyAsa, mAtRkAnyAsa, mantranyAsa, karanyAsa, aMtAsa aura piitthnyaas| sAta mokSapurI - ayodhyA, mathurA, mAyA (haridvAra), kAzI, kAMcI, avantikA (ujjayini), evaM dvaarkaa| (27 yA 28) nakSatroM ke 7 vibhAga - (1) dhruvanakSatra uttarAphAlgunI, uttarASADhA, uttarAbhAdrapadA, rohinnii| (2) mRdu nakSatra anurAdhA, citrA, revatI, mRgshiirss| (3) kSipra nakSatra - hasta, azvinI, puSya, abhijit| (4) ugra nakSatra - pUrvAphAlgunI, pUrvASADhA, pUrvAbhAdrapadA, bharaNI, mghaa| (5) cara nakSatra - punarvasu zravaNa, dhaniSThA, svAtI, zatabhiSak / (6) krUra nakSatra - mUla, jyeSThA, ArdrA aashlessaa| (7) sAdhAraNa - kRttikA, vishaakhaa| pramukha ATha yajJakRtya - (1) RtvigvaraNa (2) zAkhAharaNa, (3) bahirAharaNa (4) idhmAharaNa (5) sAyaMdoha (6) nirvApa (7) patnIsanahana aura (8) brhiraastrnn| ATha gotra saMsthApaka - vizvAmitra, jamadagni, bhAradvAja, gautama, atri, vasiSTha, kazyapa aura agastya / pratyeka gotra ke sAtha 1,2,3 yA 5 RSi hote haiM, jo usa gotra ke pravara kahalAte haiN| dharmazAstra ke anusAra sagotra evaM sapravara vivAha varjita mAnA jAtA hai| ATha prakAra ke vivAha - brAhma, prAjApatya, ArSa, daiva, gAndharva, Asura, rAkSasa evaM paishaac| saMnyAsa lene ke pUrva karane yogya ATha zrAddha - daiva, ArSa, divya, mAnuSa, bhautika, paitRka, mAtRzrAddha aura AtmazrAddha / ATha dAna ke pAtra - mAtA-pitA, guru, mitra, caritravAna vyakti, upakArI, dIna, anAtha evaM guNasaMpanna vykti| vratoM ke ATha prakAra - tithivrata, vAravrata, nakSatravrata, yogavrata, saMkrAntivrata, mAsavrata, Rtuvrata aura saMvatsaravrata / duSTa anna ke ATha prakAra - jAtiduSTa, kriyAduSTa, kAladuSTa, saMsargaduSTa, sallekhA, rasaduSTa, parigrahaNaduSTa aura bhavaduSTa / bhUmizuddhi ke ATha sAdhana - saMmArjana, prokSaNa, upalepana, avastaraNa, ullekhana, gokramaNa, dahana, parjanyavarSaNa / tAMtrika pUjA meM upayukta ATha maNDala - (1) sarvatobhadra maMDala, (2) caturliMgatobhadra (3) prAsAda (4) vAstu (5) gRhavAstu (6) grahadevatAmaMDala (7) hariharamaMDala (8) ekliNgtobhdr| pitaroM kI nau koTiyA~ - agniSvAtta, barhiSada, Anyava, somapa, razmipa, upahUta, Ayuntu, zrAddhabhuja evaM naandiimukh| tAMtrika kriyA meM Avazyaka nau mudrAeM -arthAt hastakriyAeM - AvAhanI, sthApinI, sannidhApinI, sannirodhinI, saMmukhIkaraNI, sakalIkRtI, avaguNThanI dhenumudrA, mahAmudrA / pApa ke nau prakAra - atipAtaka, mahApAtaka, anupAtaka, upapAtaka, jAtibhraMzakara, saMkarIkaraNa, apAtrIkaraNa, malAvaha aura prkiirnnk| nau prakAra ke kAlamAna - brAhma, daiva, mAnuSa, pitrya, saura, sAyana, cAndra, nAkSatra evaM bArhaspatya (vyavahAra meM inameM se aMtima pAMca hI prayukta hote haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 39 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dasa prakAra avatAroM kI lisya, kUrma, varanA ityAdi kRSNAjina, zA dasa yajJayAtra yA yajJAyudha - rUpya, kapAla, agnihotravahaNI, zUrpa, kRSNAjina, zambhA, ulUkhala, musala, dRSada aura uplaa| inake atirikta suru juhU upadhRta dhruvA, iDApAtra, piSTodvapanI ityAdi anya pAtroM kA bhI upayoga yajJakarma meM hotA hai| viSNu ke daza avatAra - matsya, kUrma, varAha, narasiMha, vAmana, parazurAma, rAma, kRSNa, buddha aura klki| zrImadbhAgavata purANa meM viSNu ke avatAroM kI saMkhyA 24 batAI hai| dasa prakAra ke brAhmaNa - (pAMca gauDa aura pAMca draviDa) athavA devabrAhmaNa, munibrAhmaNa, dvijabrAhmaNa, kSatrabrAhmaNa, vaizyabrAhmaNa, zUdrabrAhmaNa, niSAdabrAhmaNa, pazubrAhmaNa, mlecchabrAhmaNa aura cAMDAlabrAhmaNa / / advaitI saMnyAsiyoM kI. dasa zAkhAeM - tIrtha, Azrama, vana, araNya, giri, parvata, sAgara, sarasvatI, bhAratI evaM purii| dasa mahAdAna - suvarNa, azva, tila, hAthI, dAsI, ratha, bhUmi, ghara, dulahina evaM kapilA gAya (sone yA cAMdI kA dAna, dAtA ke barAbara tolakara brAhmaNoM ko diyA jAtA hai, taba use tulApuruSa nAmaka mahAdAna kahate hai| pApamukti ke dasa upAya - (1) AtmAparAdha svIkAra, (2) maMtrajapa (3) tapa (4) homa, (5) upavAsa (6) dAna (7) prANAyAma (8) tIrthayAtrA (9) prAyazcitta aura (10) kaThora vrtpaaln| azuddha ko zuddha karane vAlI dasa vastueM - jala, miTTi, iMguda, ariSTa (rIThA), bela kA phala, cAMvala, sarasoM kA uvaTana, kSAra, gomUtra aura gobr| vivAha yogya 11 nakSatra -rohiNI, mRgazIrSa, maghA, uttarA-phAlgunI, uttarASADhA, uttarAbhAdrapadA, hasta, svAtI, mUla, anurAdhA evaM revtii| 12 devatIrtha - vindhya kI dakSiNa dizA meM 6 nadiyA~- godAvarI, bhImarathI, tuMgabhadrA, veNikA, tApI aura pyossnnii| vidhya kI uttara dizA meM 6 nadiyA~- bhAgIrathI, narmadA, yamunA, sarasvatI, vizokA, vitastA, (caMdra-sUrya grahaNa ke kAla meM ina devIoM meM snAna zreyaskara mAnA hai| bAraha jyotirliMga- saurASTra meM somanAtha / (Andhra kurnUla jile meM zrIzaila para) mllikaarjun| madhyapradeza (ujjayinI) meM mhaakaal| oMkArakSetra meM (madhyapradeza meM narmadA taTa para) prmeshvr| himAlaya meM kedaar| mahArASTra (puNe ke pAsa) bhiimshNkr| vArANasI (uttara pradeza) meM vizvezvara / mahArASTra meM (nAsika ke pAsa) tryambakezvara / citAbhUmi meM (bihAra) baidynaath| dArukAvana meM naagesh| setubandha meM (tAmiLanADu) raameshvr| mahArASTra meM (auraMgAbAda ke pAsa) ghRSNezvara / caudaha vidyAeM - 4 veda, 6 vedAMga, purANa, nyAya, mImAMsA evaM dharmazAstra / (ina meM Ayurveda, dhanurveda, gAndharvaveda aura arthazAstra milAkara 18 vidyAe~ bhI mAnI jAtI haiM, jinakA adhyayana brahmacaryAzrama meM Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| AyurvedAdi cAra upaveda chor3a kara anya 14 dharmajJAna ke pramANa mAne jAte haiN| kAzI meM vidyamAna 14 mahAliMga - oMkAra, trilocana, mahAdeva, kRttivAsa, ratnezvara, candrezvara, kedAra, dharmezvara, vIrezvara, kAmezvara, vizvakarmezvara, mANikarNIza, avimukta evaM vizvezvara / somayAga ke 16 purohita - hotA, maitrAvaruNa, acchAvAka, grAvastuta, adhvaryu, pratiprasthAtA, neSTA, unnetA, brahmA, brAhmaNAcchaMsI, agnidhra, potA, udgAtA, prastotA, pratihartA, aura subrahmaNya / solaha saMskAra - garbhAdhAna, puMsavana, sImantonnayana, jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, caula, upanayana, cAra vedavrata, godAna, samAvartana, vivAha aura aMtyoSTi / 18 prakAra kI zAntiyA~ - abhayazAnti, saumya, vaiSNavI, raudrI, brAhmI, vAyavI, vAruNI, prAjApatya, tvASTrI, kaumArI, AgneyI, gAndharvI, AMgirasI, nairRtI, yAmyA, kauberI, pArthivI evaM aindrI. ina zAntiyoM ke atirikta vinAyaka zAnti (yA gaNapatipUjA), navagraha, ugraratha (SaSTyandipUrtinimitta), bhaimarathI, (70 yA 75 varSoM kI Ayu pUrNa hone para, amRtAmahAzAnti, udakazAnti, vAstuzAnti, puSyAbhiSekazAnti ityAdi zAntiyA~ dharmazAstra meM kahI haiN| caitra se lekara bAraha mAsoM kI 24 ekAdaziyoM ke kramazaH nAma - kAmadA, vruthinii| mohinI, apraa| nirjalA, yoginI / zayanI, kaamdaa| putradA, ajaa| parivartinI, indiraa| pApAMkuzA, rmaa| prabodhinI utptti| mokSadA, sphlaa| putradA, sstttilaa| jayA, vijyaa| AmardakI (AmalakI), paapmocnii| inameM zayanI (ASADhI aura prabodhinI (kArtikI) ekAdazI kA upoSaNAdi vrata sarvatra manAyA jAtA hai| vaizvadeva ke devatA :- agni, soma, agniSToma, vizvedeva, dhanvantari, kuhU, anumati, prajApati, dyAvApRthivI, sviSTakRt (agni), vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, aniruddha, puruSa, satya, acyuta, mitra, varuNa, indra iMdrAgnI vAstoSpati, i. | gRhasthAzramI ko bhojana ke pUrva ina devatAoM ko bhojana samarpaNa karanA caahiye| 40/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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devapUjA ke upacAra :- jala, Asana, Acamana, paMcAmRta, anulepa (yA gandha), AbhUSaNa, dIpa aura karpUra se AratI, naivedya, tAmbUla, namaskAra, pradakSiNA ityaadi| vivAha ke dhArmika kRtya :- vadhUvara guNaparIkSA, varapreSaNa, vAgdAna, maNDapavaraNa, nAndIzrAddha evaM puNyAhavAcana, vadhUgRhagamana, madhuparka, snApana, paridhAyana evaM sannahana, samaMjana, pratisarabandha, vadhUvara-niSkramaNa, paraspara-samIkSaNa, kanyAdAna, agnisthApana evaM homa, pANigrahaNa, lAjAhoma, agnipariNayana, azmArohaNa, saptapadI, mUrdhAbhiSeka, sUryodIkSaNa, hRdayasparza, prekSakAnumaMtraNa, dakSiNAdAna, gRhapraveza, dhRvAruMdhatI-darzana, haragaurIpUjana, ArdrAkSatAropaNa, maMgalasUtrabaMdhana, devakotthApana evaM maannddpodvaasn| ina vividhakRtyoM meM madhuparka, homa, agnipradakSiNA, pANigrahaNa, lAjAhoma evaM ArdrAkSatAropaNa vidhi mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| vratoM meM Avazyaka kucha kartavya :- snAna, saMdhyAvaMdana, homa, devatApUjana, upavAsa, brAhmaNabhojana kumArikA-vivAhitA kA bhojana, daridrabhojana, dAna, gopradAna brahmacarya bhUmizayana, haviSyAnnabhakSaNa, i.| dharmazAstra meM nirdiSTa mahattvapUrNa vrata utsava :- nAgapaMcamI, va manasA pUjA rakSAbandhana, kRSNabandhana, kRSNajanmASTamI, haratAlikA, gaNezacaturthI, RSipaMcamI, anantacaturdazI, navarAtri (yA durgotsava), vijayA dazamI, dIpAvali, bhAtRdvitIyA (yA yamadvitIyA) makarasaMkrAnti, vasaMta paMcamI, mahAzivarAtri, holikA evaM grahaNa, akSayya tRtIyA, vyAsapUjA, tathA rAmanavamI ityaadi| bhUtabali ke adhikArI :- kuttA, cANDAla, jAticyuta, mahArogI, kauve, kIDe makoDe ityAdi / bhojana ke pUrva ina ko anna denA caahie| zrAddha ke vividha prakAra :- nitya, naimittika, pArvaNa, ekoddiSTa, pratisAMvatsarika, mAsika, AmazrAddha (jisa meM binA pakA huA anna diyA jAtA hai) hemshraaddh| (bhojanAbhAva meM, pravAsa meM, putrajanma meM, yA grahaNa meM hemazrAddha kiyA jAtA hai| strI tathA zUdra hemazrAddha kara sakate haiN|) dhRvazrAddha, Abhyudayika, nAndIzrAddha, mahAlayazrAddha, Azvina kRSNapakSa meM kiye jAte haiN| mAtAmaha zrAddha (yA dauhitra pratipadAzrAddha), avidhavA navamIzrAddha (kRSNapakSa kI navamI ko hotA hai) jIvacchAddha (jIvazrAddha) saMghAtazrAddha (kisI durghaTanA meM anekoM kI eka sAtha mRtyU hone para kiyA jAtA hai) vRddhizrAddha, sapiNDana, goSThazrAddha, zuddhizrAddha karmAMga, daivika, yAtrAzrAddha, puSTizrAddha, i. SaNNavati zrAddha nAmaka graMtha (le. goviMda aura raghunAtha) meM eka varSa meM kiye jAnevAle 96 zrAddhoM kA vivaraNa hai| zrAddha meM nimaMtraNa yogya paMktipAvana brAhmaNa ke guNa :- trimadhu (madhu zabda yuktatIna vaidika maMtroM kA pAThaka) trisuparNa kA pAThaka, triNAciketa evaM caturmedha (azvamegha, puruSamedha, sarvamedha, evaM pitRmedha) ke maMtroM kA jJAnI, pAMca agniyoM ko Ahuti dene vAlA, jyeSTha sAma kA jJAnI, nitya vedAdhyAyI, evaM vaidika kA putra / / dAna yogya padArtha :- (uttama)- bhojana, gAya, bhUmi, sonA, azva, evaM hAthI i.| (madhyama)- vidyA, gRha, upakaraNa, auSadha i.| (nikRSTa)- jUte, hiMDolA, gADI, chAtA, baratana, Asana, dIpaka, phala, jIrNapadArtha i. upapAtaka (sAmAnya pApakarma) :- govadha, RNAdAna (RNa ko na cukAnA), parivedana (baDo bhAI se pahale vivAha karanA) zulka lekara vedAdhyApana, strIhatyA, niMdya jIvikA, nAstikatA, vratatyAga, mAtA-pitA kA niSkAsana, kevala apane lie bhojana banAnA, strIdhana para upajIvikA, nAstikoM ke graMthoM kA adhyayana ityAdi (aise upapAtaka pacAsa taka batAe gaye haiN| brahmabandhu (kevala jAtimAtra se brAhmaNa) ke prakAra :- zUdra evaM rAjA kA naukara, jisakI patnI zUdra hai, grAmapurohita, pazuhatyA se jIvikA calAnevAlA, evaM punarvivAhitA kA putra / bhUmi kI azuddhatA ke kAraNa :- prasUti, maraNa, pretadahana, viSThA, kutte, gadhe tathA sUaroM kA sparza, koyalA, bhUsI, asthi evaM rAkha kA saMcaya (ina kAraNoM se dUSita bhUmi kI zuddhi saMmArjanAdi upAyoM se karanA Avazyaka hai) maMgala vRkSa :- azvattha, udumbara, plakSa, Amra, nyagrodha, palAza, zamI, bilva, amalaka, nIma, i. tIrthayAtrI ko gaMgA taTapara tyAgane yogya karma :- zauca, Acamana, kezazRMgAra, aghamarSaNa sUktapATha, dehamardana, krIDA, kautuka, dAnagrahaNa, saMbhoga, anyatIrthoM kI prazaMsA, vastradAna, tADana, tIrthajala ko taira kara pAra krnaa| pavitrasthAna :- sarovara, tIrthasthala, RSinivAsa, gozAlA evaM devamaMdira, gaMgA, himAlaya, samudra aura samudra me milanevAlI nadiyA~, parvata (zrImad bhAgavata meM punIta parvatoM ke 27 nAma diye haiM (bhATha 5-19-16) agnihotra zAlA i.| narmadA ke pramukha upatIrtha :- mahezvara (oMkAra), zuklatIrtha (cANakya ko yahAM siddhi prApta huI thI), bhRgutIrtha, jAmadagnyatIrtha (samudrasaMgama kA sthAna) amarakaNTaka parvata, mAhiSmatI (oMkAra mAMdhAtA), bhRgukaccha (bhddoc)| gayA ke upatIrtha :- azmaprastha (pretAzilA) niravinda-giri, krauMcapadI, brahmakUpa, prabhAsa (muNDapRcha) uttaramAnasa, udyanta parvata, agastya kuNDa, phalgutIrtha, mahAbodhi vRkSa, gadAlola, bharatAzrama, akSayavaTa, rAmazilA / __saMskRta meM dharmazAstra viSayaka vAGmaya cAra prakAra kA hai- 1) sUtra vAGmaya, 2) smRtivAGmaya, 3) upasmRti graMtha aura 4) nibandha graMtha / saMpUrNa dharmazAstrIya graMthoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hai| prastuta koza meM bahusaMkhya graMthoM kA nirdeza yathAkrama huA hai| saskRta vAGamaya koza - prathakAra khaNDa/41 For Private and Personal Use Only

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4 nirukta bhASika vyavahAra meM artha kI abhavyakti zabdoM dvArA hotI hai| artha mukhya aura use vyakta karanevAle zabda gauNa mAne jAte hai| zabda se artha kA Akalana prAyaH nirukti dvArA hotA hai| vizeSataH vaidika zabdoM kA artha jAnane meM nirUkti hI prAdhAnya se sahAyaka hotI hai| RgvediyoM ke dazagraMtha meM yAskakRta nirukta kA antarbhAva hotA hai| vastutaH yaha nirukta nighaMTu kI TIkA hai| nighaMTu yAne vedoM ke durbodha zabdoM kA kosh| mahAbhArata ke anusAra prajApati kazyapa nighaMTu ke kartA mAne gae hai| nighaMTu ke prAraMbhika tIna adhyAyoM ko naighaNTaka kANDa kahate haiM, jisameM ekArthavAhI zabdoM kA saMgraha kiyA huA hai| cauthe negamakANDa meM anekArthavAhI aura pAMcave daivatakANDa meM vaidika devatAoM ke nAma saMkalita kie hai| nighaMTu para devarAja yajvA kI "nighaMTunirvacana" nAmaka TIkA meM naighaNTuka kANDa kA vivecana adhika mAtrA meM kiyA hai| isa TIkA ke upoddhAta meM vedoM ke sAyaNapUrva bhASyakAroM ke saMbaMdha meM paryApta jAnakArI milatI hai| bhAskararAya ne nighaNTu ke sAre vaidika zabda amarakoza kI taraha zlokoM meM saMgrahIta kiye haiN| yAskAcArya kI "nirukta nAmaka mahatvapUrNa TIkA ke pazcAt nighaNTu aura nirusta donoM ko milAkara "nirukta" saMjJA rUDha huI / vedapurUSa ke SaDaMga meM isI nirukta kI zrotrasthAna meM gaNanA hotI hai| nirukta meM zabdoM ke kevala artha nahIM hote, api tu usake aMzoM kI chAnabIna kara, artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| gati, gamana, rati, ramaNa, jaise nAmoM meM mUla, gam, ram Adi dhAtuoM se nAma kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai| vadhU jaise zabda meM vadh dhAtu dikhatA hai paraMtu vaha hiMsArthaka hone se, usa zabda se milate-julate vaha dhAtu se vadhU zabda kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai| agni jaise zabda ke vividha artha dhyAna meM lekara usake svara-vyaMjana vibhAga kara vyutpatti kI jAtI hai| zabda kitanA bhI durbodha ho to bhI ina prakAroM meM se kisI eka prakAra se usakI vyutpatti karanA niruktakAra Avazyaka mAnate haiN| anekArthaka zabda kI vyutpatti bhinna bhinna prakAra se kI jAtI hai| yAska ke nirukta meM, nAma, AkhyAta, upasarga aura nipAta ke lakSaNa, bhAvavikAralakSaNa, padavibhAgaparijJAna, upadhAvikAra, varNalopa, varNavaparyaya, saMprasArya tathA asaMprasArya dhAtu ityAdi zabda zAstraviSayaka vividha viSayoM kA vivecana hone ke kAraNa, nirukta ko vyAkaraNa kA hI eka bhAga mAnA jAtA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM sAre nAma dhAtuja hote haiM (nAma ca dhAtujam) isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana vaiyAkaraNa zAkaTAyanAcArya ne kiyA thaa| gArya nAmaka AcArya ne isa siddhAnta kA khaMDana kiyA thA paraMtu niruktakAra yAska ne gArgya ke yuktivAda kA khaNDana kara, "nAma ca dhAtujam" isa siddhAnta ko apane vedAMga meM pratiSThita kiyaa| arvAcIna bhASAzAstrI bhI niruktakAra ke isa siddhAnta ko grAhya mAnate haiN| yAskAcArya kA kAla pANinipUrva (I. 800 se 1000) mAnA jAtA hai| usake pahale bhI vaidika zabdoM kA arthanirdhAraNa karane vAle jo saMpradAya the unakA nAmanirdeza nirukta meM huA hai jaise Adhidaivata AdhyAtma, AkhyAnasamaya, aitihAsika, naidAna, pArivAjaka, yaajnyik| inameM 12 nairukta arthAt niruktivAdI bhI the :- AgrAyaNa, aupamanyava, auduMbarAyaNa, aurNavAbha, kAtthakya, krauSTukI, gArgya, mAlava, taiTIkI, AAyaNI, zAkapUNi aura sthaulsstthiivii| yAska ne apane nirukta meM zAkapUNi ko vizeSa mAnyatA dete hue usake matoM kA parAmarza kiyA hai| yAska ke nirukta ko hI uttarakAlIna vedabhASyakAroM ne pramANa mAna kara vedArtha kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| nirukta ke 14 adhyAyoM meM aMtima do adhyAya yAskakRta nahIM mAne jaate| ataH unheM pariziSTa kahate haiN| kautsa RSi ke matAnusAra veda artharahita mAne gae the| yAska ne isa vicAra kA khaNDana, "naiSa sthANoraparAdhaH yadenam andho na pazyati / puruSAparAdhaH sa bhavati / " (nirukta-1-16) yAne aMdhe ko khaMbhA nahI dikhatA, yaha khaMbhe kA aparAdha nhiiN| yaha to puruSa kA aparAdha hai, ina tIkhe zabdoM meM kiyA hai| ___ "sthAnurayaM bhAraharaH kilAbhUt / adhItya vedAn na vijAnAti yo'rthm|| yo'rthajJa it sakalaM bhadramazrute / nAkameti jnyaanvidhuutpaapmaa||" isa suprasiddha vacana meM, yAska ne vedoM kA paThana karane para usakA artha na jAnane vAle kI yogyatA bhAravAhaka sthANu ke samAna kahI hai| vedoM kA arthajJAna prApta karane vAlA, pAparahita hokara svargagamana karatA hai, ina zabdoM meM arthajJAna kI prazaMsA kara kautsavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| nirukta para durgAcArya, skanda pahezvara (gujarAthavAsI, 7 vIM zatI) aura vararuci kI TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| durgAcArya ne apanI vRtti meM prAcIna TIkAkAroM ke matoM kA parAmarza kiyA hai| vararuci ke niruktanicaya meM yAskAcArya ke siddhAntoM kA 100 zlokoM meM pratipAdana milatA hai| 42 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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5 prAtizAkhya vedAMga vyAkaraNa, ko vedapuruSa kA mukha mAnA hai| bhagavAna pataMjali ne apane vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya meM ise pradhAna aMga kahA hai| vedoM kI rakSA ke lie vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana unhoMne anivArya mAnA hai| (rakSArthaM vedAnAm adhyeyaM vyAkaraNam) / prAtizAkhya nAmaka vAGmaya vedoM ke zikSA, chaMda aura vyAkaraNa ina tIna aMgoM se saMbaMdhita hai| prastuta graMtha meM vyAkaraNa vAGamaya ke sAtha hI prAtizAkhya vAGmaya kA yathocita paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| vedoM ke jo suprasiddha chaha aMga mAne gae haiM unameM prAtizAkhya kA nirdeza nahIM hai| prAtizAkhya zabda kA artha hai, "zAkhAM zAkhAM prati prtishaakhm"| pratizAkheSu bhavaM praatishaakhym"| arthAta jisa graMtha meM veda kI eka eka zAkhA ke niyamoM kA varNana ho, vaha "prAtizAkhya" kahAtA hai| upalabdha prAtizAkhyoM meM eka eka caraNa kI sabhI zAkhAoM ke niyamoM kA sAmAnya rUpa se ullekha milatA hai| prAtizAkhya ke lie prAcIna graMthoM meM pArSada aura pAriSada zabda kI bhI prayoga hotA hai| vyAkaraNa mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali ne "sarvavedapAriSadaM hi idaM zAstram"- ina zabdoM meM prAtizAkhya zAstra kI prazaMsA kI hai| isa viSaya meM do mata haiN| eka mata ke anusAra prAtizAkhya, zikSA, chaMda aura vyAkaraNa ina tIna vedAMgoM se saMbaMdhita hai| vaha una vedAMgoM ke sAmAnya niyamoM kI vizeSa rUpa meM sthApanA karatA hai| dUsare mata ke anusAra uparyukta tIna vedAMgoM ne jina niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA, unase bhinna niyamoM kA vidhAna isa meM hone ke kAraNa, prAtizAkhya vedAdhyayana meM arthajJAna ke lie sahAya karane vAlA svataMtra zAstra hai| prAtizAkhyoM kA mahattva, vaidika saMhitAoM ke pATha tathA svarUpa ke viSaya meM vizeSa hone ke kAraNa, AcArya zaunaka ne ise, aniMdya, ArSa aura pUrNa vedAMga kahA hai- (kRtsraM ca vedAMgamaniMdyamArSam- 14-69) / vyAkaraNa zAstra ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se prAtizAkhya usa zAstra kI prAraMbhika avasthA kA dyotaka hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa zAstra meM rUDha prAyaH sAre pAribhASika zabda prAtizAkhya ke graMthoM meM prayukta hue haiN| vaidika saMhitAoM ke pATha aura usakA svarUpa Aja taka avicchinna rakhane meM, prAtizAkhyoM ke vaidika bhASA viSayaka sUkSma niyama kAraNIbhUta hue hai| ataH vedAgoM kA paricaya dete samaya, zikSA aura vyAkaraNa ke bIca meM prAtizAkhya kA paricaya denA atyAvazyaka hai| RkprAtizAkhya - racayitA- maharSi shaunk| isa padyabaddha sUtrarUpa graMtha meM zikSA ke viSayoM kA pratipAdana hone ke kAraNa ise zikSAzAstra bhI kahate haiN| yaha prAtizAkhya, aitareya AraNyaka ke saMhitopaniSad kA akSarazaH anusaraNa karatA hai| tathA AraNyaka meM nirdiSTa mANDUkeya, mAkSavya, Agastya, zUravIra nAmaka AcAryoM ke saMhitA viSayaka matoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai| isa graMtha meM Rgveda kI ekamAtra upalabdha zAkala zAkhA kI zaizirIya nAmaka upazAkhA kA sAMgopAMga vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| isa ke pAribhASika zabda maulika evaM anvarthaka haiN| isa ke caturdaza paTala meM graMthakAra kI bhASA-samIkSA meM sUkSmekSikA kA darzana, uccAraNa doSoM ke sUkSma vivaraNa meM hotA hai| isa prAtizAkhya ke 18 paTaloM meM nimna prakAra se viSayoM kA vibhAjana kiyA hai :paTala- (1) svara, vyaMjana, svarabhakti, rakta, nAbhi, pragRhya Adi pAribhASika zabdoM ke lakSaNa / (2) prazliSTa kSaipa, udgrAha, bhugna Adi nAnA prakAra kI saMdhiyoM ke lakSaNa aura udAharaNa / (3) meM svaraparicaya aura 4 se 9 taka visarga kI repha meM pariNati, nakAra ke nAnA vikAra, natisaMdhi, arthAt sa kA Sa meM aura na kA Na meM parivartana, kramasaMdhi, (varNa kA dvirvacana), vyaMjanasaMdhi, plutisaMdhi Adi vividha sandhi prakAroM kA vivecana / (10-11)- udAttAdi svaroM ke parivartana ke niyama / (12-13)- padavibhAga, vyaMjanoM ke rUpa tathA lakSaNoM kA prAcIna RSiyoM ke matanirdeza sahita vivecana / (14)- varNoM ke uccAraNa meM doSa / (15)- vedapArAyaNa kI paddhati kA paricaya / (16 se 18)- gAyatrI, uSNik, bRhatI, paMkti, Adi vaidika chandoM kA vivecana / phalataH vedasamIkSA ke lie zikSAzAstra meM samAviSTa viSayoM ke atirikta viSayoM kA pratipAdana prAtizAkhyoM kA viSaya hai| RkprAtizAkhya meM pratipAdita viSayoM ke paricaya se samagra prAtizAkhya zAstra kA prArUpa samajha meM A sakatA hai| RkprAtizAkhya para zukla yajurveda ke bhASyakAra uvaTa kA bhASya prasiddha hai| uvaTa, bhojarAjA ke zAsana kAla meM (arthAt 11 vIM zatAbdI meM) avantI nagarI ke nivAsI the| ataH RkprAtizAkhya kA samaya 5 vIM yA 6 ThI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| vAjasaneyI prAtizAkhya- racayitA- kAtyAyana muni| yaha kAtyAyana, pANinIya sUtroM para vArtika likhane vAle se bhinna haiN| inakA samaya pANini ke pUrva mAnA jAtA hai| isa prAtizAkhya meM adhyAya saMkhyA ATha aura kula sUtrasaMkhyA 734 hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 43 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ON AN -6 adhyAyoM meM viSayoM kA pratipAdana sAdhAraNataH nimna prakAra se huA hai| adhyAya (sUtra-169) varNotpatti, adhyayana vidhi, saMjJA- paribhASA aura varNo ke uccAraNa- sthAna / (sUtra-653) svara ke niym| (sUtra- 151) sandhi ke niym| (sUtra- 198) sandhi, padapATha evaM kramapATha ke niym| (sUtra-46)- samAsa meM do padoM ke pRthak grahaNa ko "avagraha" kahate haiN| isa adhyAya meM avagraha ke niyama batAe haiN| (sUtra-31) AkhyAta, (kriyApada) aura upasarga ke niym| (sUtra-12) parigraha ke niyama / parigraha kA artha hai madhya meM iti zabda rakha kara pada ko doharAnA / - 8 (sUtra-62) / varNa samAmnAya, arthAt varNamAlA, adhyayana vidhi, varNoM ke devatA, padacatuSTaya evaM unake gotra tathA devatA ina viSayoM kA vivrnn| kAtyAyana ke prAtizAkhya meM paribhASA, svara tathA saMskAra ina tIna viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana hone ke kAraNa unheM "svara-saMskAra-pratiSThApayitA' upAdhi dI gaI hai| isameM kANva, kAzyapa, zAkaTAyana, zAkalya evaM zaunaka Adi dasa AcAryo ke mata uddhRta kie haiN| pANini ne apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM isa prAtizAkhya kI paribhASA evaM kucha sUtroM kA zabdazaH aMgIkAra kiyA hai| ataH isa kA racanAkAla pANini se pUrva arthAt I.pU. AThavI zatI taka mAnA jAtA hai| kAtyAyanakRta vAjasaneyI prAtizAkhya para uvaTakRta "mAtRveda" aura anantabhaTTa kRta "padArthaprakAzaka" nAmaka do vyAkhyAeM prakAzita huI haiN| ina ke atirikta (1) "pratijJAsUtra" aura (2) bhASika sUtra nAmaka do pariziSTa sUtra, vyAkhyAsahita prakAzita hue hai| taittirIya prAtizAkhya - kRSNa yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA kA yaha sUtramaya prAtizAkhya prazna nAmaka do khaMDoM meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka khaMDa meM 12 adhyAya haiN| pratipAdya vizaya anya prAtizAkhyeM jaise hI haiM kevala udAharaNa taittirIya saMhitA se die haiN| isa prAtizAkhya para mAhiSeya kRta "padakramasadana" nAmaka prAcIna bhASya hai| prAtizAkhyoM kA viSaya hotA hai prakRtipATha (arthAt saMhitApATha, padapATha aura krmpaatth)| isa dRSTi se mAhiSeya bhASya kA "pada-kramasadana"- nAma anvarthaka hai| dUsarA somayAjI kRta "tribhASyaratna" aura tIsarA hai gopAlayajvA kA "vaidikaabhrnn'| sAmaveda ke puSpasUtra (nAmAntara-phullasUtra) aura RktaMtra (athavA RktaMtra vyAkaraNa) nAmaka sUtrabaddha prAtizAkhya upalabdha hai| puSpasUtra kA saMbaMdha gAnasaMhitA se hai ataH isameM una sthaloM kA vizeSa nirdeza hotA hai, jinameM "stobha" kA vidhAna yA apavAda hotA hai| haradattaviracita sAmavedIya sarvAnukramaNI ke anusAra, sUtrakAra vararuci ko puSpasUtra ke racayitA mAnA gayA hai| isa vararuci ke saMbaMdha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM hai| isa graMtha ke dasa prapAThakoM meM se, paMcama prapAThaka se upAdhyAya ajAtazatru kI vyAkhyA upalabdha hai| dUsarA sAmavedIya prAtizakhya, RtaMtra ke racayitA zAkaTAyana kA hai, jinakA nirdeza yAska tathA pANini ne apane graMthoM meM kiyA hai| isake pAMca prapAThakoM meM kula sUtrasaMkhyA do sau assI hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne audabraji ko RktaMtra kA racayitA mAnA hai| samanvaya kI dRSTi se audavaji yaha vyakti kA nAma aura zAkaTAyana gotra kA nAma mAnA jA sakatA hai| atharvavedIya prAtizAkhya - (1) caturAdhyAyikA- yaha saba se prAcIna atharvavedIya prAtizAkhya mAnA gayA hai| sana 1862 meM vhiTanI dvArA isakA saMpAdana hokara, jarnala oNpha amerikana orieMTala sosAyaTI ke 7 veM khaMDa meM yaha prakAzita huaa| vhiTnI kI prati meM zaunaka kA nAma nirdiSTa hone ke kAraNa, unhoMne ise "zaunakIyA caturAdhyAyikA" nAma se prakAzita kiyaa| paraMtu vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya tathA ujjayinI saMgraha meM isI graMtha kA nAma "kautsavyAkaraNa" milatA hai| isa kAraNa kautsa ko isa ke racayitA mAnate haiN| cAra adhyAyoM meM anya prAtizAkhyoM ke samAna viSayoM kA pratipAdana isa meM milatA hai| atharvaveda prAtizAkhya- sana 1940 meM DaoN. sUryakAnta zAstrI dvArA yaha graMtha prakAzita huaa| isa graMtha ke laghu aura bRhat do pATha milate haiN| anya prAtizAkhyoM meM milanevAle pAribhASika zabdoM kA tathA zAkalya ke atirikta anya AcAryoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza isa graMtha meM nahIM miltaa| arthaveda ke mUla pATha ko nizcita samajhane meM ina donoM prAtizAkhyoM se sahAyatA milatI hai| 6 vyAkaraNa vAGmaya kI rUparekhA "mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam" isa vacana ke anusAra vyAkaraNa ko vedapuruSa kA mukha arthAta mukhya aMga kahate hai| bhagavAna pataMjali kahate haiM ki- "pradhAnaM hi SaTsu aMmeSu vyAkaraNam"- vedoM ke chaha aMgoM meM vyAkaraNa pradhAna aMga hai| gopathabrAhmaNa muMDakopaniSad, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata jaise prAcIna graMthoM meM zabdazAstra ke artha meM vyAkaraNa zabda kA prayoga 44/saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kiyA hai| pANini ke zabdAnuzAsana meM prayukta, dhAtu, prAtipadika, nAma, vibhakti, upasarga, ityAdi aneka pAribhASika zabda (saMjJAeM) gopathabrAhmaNa, aitareya brAhmaNa jaise vaidika graMthoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| prAcIna paraMparA ke anusAra vyAkaraNa ke (aura sabhI zAstroM ke) prathama pravaktA the brhmaa| unake bAda, bRhaspati, indra, mahezvara, ityAdi prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa hue| vedoM ke zabdoM kA Akalana alpa prayatna se ho sake isa uddezya se vyAkaraNa kI utpatti huii| mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali vdArA batAI gaI eka janazruti ke anusAra, eka bAra devoM ne apane adhirAjA indra se prArthanA kI "veda hamArI bhASA hai| paraMtu vaha avyAkRta avasthA meM hone ke kAraNa, durbodha huI hai| Apa use vyAkRta kreN| sarva prathama indra ne yaha kArya kiyaa| pratyeka pada kA vibhAjana kara, prakRti, pratyaya, vibhAgazaH unhoMne veda kI bhASA kA "vyAkaraNa" kiyaa| vyAkaraNa kI utpattiviSayaka isa janazruti ke anusAra indra ko hI Adi vaiyAkaraNa mAnA jAtA hai| indra ko yaha jJAna bRhaspati se prApta huA thaa| indra dvArA bharadvAjAdi RSiyoM ne isakA adhyayana-adhyApana kiyaa| ____ agnipurANa ke 349 se 359 taka ke 11 adhyAyoM meM vyAkaraNa kI utpatti kI jAnakArI dI hai| tadnusAra skanda ne kAtyAyana ko yaha jJAna sikhAyA aura Age usakA hI pracAra huaa| skanda ke vyAkaraNa ko hI "kaumAra vyAkaraNa" kahate haiN| vaidika prAtizAkhyoM meM bhI sandhi, vizleSa jaise vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI viSayoM kI carcA hotI hai| vaise anya eka vedAMga nirukta meM bhI vaidika zabdoM ke arthanirNaya ke lie vyAkaraNa se saMbaMdhita dhAtuoM kA vicAra hotA hai| vyAkaraNa zAstra meM do prAcIna saMpradAya prasiddha haiN| eka aindra aura dUsarA mAhezvara (athavA shaiv)| vartamAna prasiddhi ke anusAra kAtantra vyAkaraNa aindra sampradAya kA aura pANinIya vyAkaraNa zaiva sampradAya kA mAnA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNa zAstra ke sarvazreSTha muni pANini ne apane zAstra meM dasa prAcIna AcAryoM kA nAmanirdeza kiyA hai| unake atirikta anyatra 15 AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai| dasa prAtizAkhya aura sAta anya vaidika vyAkaraNa upalabdha haiN| ina prAtizAkhya Adi graMthoM meM 59 prAcIna vyaiyAkaraNa AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi prAtizAkhyoM meM zikSA aura chaMda vedAMgoM kA samAveza huA hai, tathApi prAtizAkhyoM ko mUla vaidika vyAkaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| pANini ne apanI suprasiddha aSTAdhyAyI meM vaidika aura laukika, donoM prakAra ke zabdoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| sAmAnyataH vidvatsamAja meM "vyAkaraNam aSTaprabhedam" - mAnA jAtA hai| ina ATha vyAkaraNoM ke viSaya meM kucha matabheda haiN| poraMtu bopadeva kRta kavikalpadruma ke, indrazcandraH kAzakRtsnApizalI zAkaTAyanaH / pANinyamarajainendrAH jayantyaSTAdizAbdikAH / / isa suprasiddha zloka meM nirdiSTa indra, candra, kAzakRtsra Apizali, zAkaTAyana Adi ATha AcAryoM ko Adi zAbdika mAnate haiM, aura sAmAnyataH inhIM ke granthoM dvArA prasthApita ATha pRthak saMpradAya mAne jAte haiN| kucha loga pAMca vyAkaraNa mAnate haiM aura unameM sUtrapATha, dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, uNAdipATha aura liGgAnuzAsana ina pAMca aMgoM kA antarbhAva karate haiN| anya matAnusAra ve pAMca aMga haiM- padaccheda, samAsa, anuvRtti, vRtti aura udaahrnn| Aja taka jitane vyAkaraNazAstra nirmANa hue unakA vibhAjana (1) chAMdasamAtra prAtizAkhyAdi, (2) laukikamAtra-kAtantrAdi aura laukika-vaidika ubhayavidhaM-Apizala, pANinIya ityaadi| inameM laukika yvAkaraNa ke jitane graMtha upalabdha haiM, ve saba pANini ke uttarakAlIna haiN| pANini ne apane zabdAnuzAsana meM, Apizala, kAzyapa, gArgya, gAlava cAkravarmaNa, bhAradvAja, zAkaTAyana, zAkalya, senaka aura sphoTAyana ina dasa vaiyAkaraNoM kA nAmataH ullekha kiyA hai, isase inakI isa zAstra meM kitanI mahAna yogyatA thI isakA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina ke atirikta mahezvara, bRhaspati, indra, vAyu bharadvAja, bhAguri, pauSkarasAdi kAzakRtsra, rauDhi, cArAyaNa, mAdhyaMdini, vaiyAghraNa, zaunaki, gautama, zantanu, aura vyADi ina paMdraha mahattvapUrNa nAmoM kA bhI nirdeza anyatra milatA hai| prAtizAkhyoM ke, zaunaka, kAtyAyana, vararuci, AzvalAyana, zAMkhAyana, cArAyaNa ityAdi nAmoM kA ullekha prAtizAkhya vAGmaya ke paricaya meM pahale A cukA hai| prAtizAkhya vAGmaya meM 59 vaidika vyAkaraNa pravaktAoM ke nAma milate haiN| pANini ke uttarakAlIna vyAkaraNa-sUtrakAra :sUtrakAra sUtragraMtha (1) kAtaMtra kAtaMtra pAlyakIrti caMdragomI cAndra (8) zivasvAmI (3) kSapaNaka kSapaNaka (9) bhojadeva sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa devanandI (10) buddhisAgara buddhisAgara vAmana vizrAnta vidyAdhara hemacaMdra haimavyAkaraNa akalaMka jaina zAkaTAyana bhadrezvarasUri kSapaNaka kAzakRtsra, We anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina nAmataH ullekha kiyA hai, isase ina jainendra (11) (12) saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /45 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jaumara (13) anubhUtisvarUpa sArasvata (15) kramadIzvara (14) bopadeva mugdhabodha (16) padmanAbha supadma ina vaiyAkaraNoM kA kAla I.pU. zatI se I. 14 vIM zatI taka mAnA gayA hai| pANini kA zabdAnuzAsana na kevala vyAkaraNa viSaya meM hI api tu, saMsAra ke samasta vAGmaya meM eka adbhuta kRti hai| prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmayetihAsa kI dRSTi se vaha atiprAcIna aura arvAcIna kAla ko jor3ane vAlA mahAna setu hai| bhASyakAra pataMjali ke matAnusAra, pANinIya sUtroM meM eka varNa bhI nirarthaka nahIM ho sktaa| vedArthajJAna ke lie jisa svarajJAna kI anivArya AvazyakatA hotI hai, usakI pUrtatA pANinIya sUtroM se hotI hai| pANini ne kevala vaidika svara vizeSa ke parijJAna ke lie 400 sUtra race haiN| veda ke SaDaMgoM meM vyAkaraNa ko vedapuruSa kA mukha (arthAt pramukha aMga) jisa kAraNa mAnA hai, usakA sAkSAtkAra pANini ke vyAkaraNa meM yathArtha rIti se hotA hai| pANini ke kAla ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda svAbhAvika hai| golDasTrakara, vebara, kItha Adi pAzcAtya vidvAna I.pU. 7 vIM se caudhI zatI taka pANini kA AvirbhAvakAla siddha karate haiN| isa viSaya meM pAzcAtya paMDitoM dvArA prastuta 7 pramANoM kA khaNDana kara vikhyAta vaiyAkaraNa paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne kiyA hai| unhoMne vaha kAlamaryAdA mahAbhArata yuddha se 200 varSa pazcAt arthAt 2900 vikrama pUrva pratipAdita kI hai| ___ aSTAdhyAyI ke vArtikakAra- saMskRta vAGmaya meM vArtika nAmaka eka vAGmaya prakAra mAnA jA sakatA hai| vArtika kA lakSaNa hai "uktaanuktduruktcintaa'| pANinIya sUtroM ke bhI ukta, anukta aura durukta kA, vArtikIya paddhati ke anusAra, kaI AcAryo dvArA cintana huaa| isa kArya meM kAtyAyana kA nAma agragaNya hai| bhASyakAra pataMjali ne "priyataddhitA hi dAkSiNAtyAH / yathA loke vede ca prayoktavye laukika-vaidikeSu pryujjte|" isa vacana ke anusAra, aSTAdhyAyI ke vArtikakAra kAtyAyana ko dAkSiNAtya mAnA hai| paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, kAtyAyana kA kAla vikramapUrva 2900-3000 mAnate haiN| kAtyAyana ke sAtha, bhAradvAja, sunAga, kroSTA, vADava, vyAghrabhRti, aura vaiyAghrapadya ityAdi anya vArtikakAroM ke nAma bhI vArtikakAroM meM mAnyatAprApta haiN| vyAkaraNa vAGmaya meM pataMjalikRta mahAbhASya apane DhaMga kA eka adbhuta graMtha hai| isa graMtha meM bhagavAna pataMjali ne vyAkaraNa jaise durUha aura nIrasa viSaya ko sarala aura sarasa kiyA hai| sAre vidvAna isakI, sarala, prAMjala bhASA aura racanA-sauSThava kI muktakaMTha se prazaMsA karate haiN| pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA yaha sarvazreSTha prAmANika graMtha hai| sUtra, vArtika aura mahAbhASya meM jahAM matabheda utpanna hotA hai vahAM, "yathottaraM munIMnA prAmANyam" isa nAgeza bhaTTa ke vacanAnusAra, paMtajali muni kA hI mata grAhya mAnA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne pataMjali kA kAla I. pU. dUsarI zatI mAnA hai| paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka pataMjali ko vi.pU. 2000 athavA 1200 taka ke mAnate haiN| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya para bhartRhari kRta mahAbhASya-dIpikA, kaiyaTakRta mahAbhASyapradIpa, puruSottamadevakRta prANapaNA, vanezvarakRta cintAmaNi, zeSanArAyaNakRta sUktiratnAkara, viSNumitrakRta kSIroda, nIlakaNTha vAjapeyI kRta bhASyatattvaviveka, zivarAmendra sarasvatIkRta mahAbhASyaratnAkara, tirumalayajvAkRta anupadA, ityAdi 20 vyAkhAeM upalabdha haiN| isase mahAbhASya kI vidvanmAnyatA vyakta hotI hai| ina TIkA graMthoM meM kaiyaTakRta "pradIpa"- TIkA para bhI aneka TIkAeM likhI gaIM jinameM nAgezabhaTTa kRta "udyota" vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI hai| ___pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI para tIsa se adhika vRtti nAmaka graMtha likhe ge| unameM jayAditya aura vAmana kI kAzikA-vRtti vizeSa prasiddha haiN| prastuta kAzikAvRtti para jinendrabuddhikRta "nyAsa" nAmaka vyAkhyA bhI vidvanmAnya hai| isake atirikta anunyAsa aura mahAnyAsa nAmaka TIkA bhI kAzikA para upalabdha hai| I. 16 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI paraMparAgata adhyayana praNAlI ke sthAna para kAtantra kI praNAlI ke anusAra, prakriyAnusAra adhyayana kI praNAlI kA prAraMbha huaa| isa paddhati ke anusAra likhe gae granthoM meM dharmakIrti kRta rUpAvatAra, rAmacaMdra zeSa kRta prakriyAkaumudI, bhaTTojI dIkSita kRta siddhAntakaumudI aura nArAyaNa bhaTTa (keralavAsI) kRta prakriyAsarvasva ye graMtha vizeSa prasiddha aura pracalita haiN| rUpAvatAra, prakriyAkaumudI ityAdi prakriyAgraMthoM meM aSTAdhyAyI ke samasta sUtroM kA antarbhAva nahIM huA thaa| bhaTTojI dIkSita ke siddhAnta kaumudI ne isa truTi ko samApta kiyaa| unhoMne svayaM apanI siddhAntakaumudI para prauDha manoramA nAmaka vyAkhyA likhii| inake atirikta jJAnendra sarasvatIkRta tattvabodhinI, nAgezabhaTTa kRta bRhacchabdenduzekhara tathA laghuzabdenduzekhara, rAmakRSNakRta ratnAkara aura vAsudeva vAjapeyIkRta bAlamanoramA ityAdi TIkA graMtha prasiddha haiN| bAlamanoramA atyaMta subodha hone ke kAraNa prauDha chAtroM ke lie vizeSa upAdeya hai| vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM AcArya bhartRhari (I. 6 za.) kRta vAkyapadIya grantha kA kArya kucha anokhA hai| isa graMtha ne vyAkaraNa 46/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ko darzana kSetra meM praviSTa kiyaa| bhartRhari zabdAdvaita ke saMsthApaka the| unakI dRSTi meM "sphoTa" hI ekamAtra parama tatva hai aura yaha jagat usI kA vivarta rUpa hai| bhaTTojI dIkSita kI paramparA meM nAgeza bhaTTa (I. 18 zatI) kA kArya sarvocca mAnA jA sakatA hai| inakA paribhASenduzekhara pANini vyAkaraNa kI paribhASAoM kA vivecana karanevAlA sarvamAnya graMtha hai| inakA zabdenduzekhara, prauDhamanoramA kI vyAkhyA hai| ina do mahatvapUrNa graMthoM ke kAraNa "zekharAntaM vyAkaraNam" yaha subhASita rUDha huaa| nAgeza bhaTTa (nAgojI) kI laghumaMjUSA zabda aura artha ke siddhAntoM kI mImAMsA karanevAlA, bhartRhari ke vAkpadIya kI yogyatA kA pANDityapUrNa graMtha hai| inake atirikta hari dIkSita (bhaTTojI ke pautra) ke laghuzabdaratna tathA bRhacchadvaratna, vaidyanAtha pAyaguMDe ke prabhA, cidasthimAlA, gadA evaM chAyA nAmaka TIkAtmaka graMtha, tarkasaMgrahAkAra annaMbhaTTa ke mahAbhASyapradIpodyotana, aSTAdhyAyImitAkSarA ityAdi arvAcIna kAla meM nirmANa hue vyAkaraNazAstra viSayaka graMtha isa vedAGgAtma zAstra kA akhaMDa pravAha siddha karate haiN| siddhAnta kaumudIkAra bhaTTojI dIkSita kA antarbhAva arvAcIna saMskRta lekhakoM meM hotA hai| navya vyAkaraNa kI paramparA siddhAntakaumudI se mAnI jAtI hai| usa yugapravartaka graMtha ke pazcAt nirmANa hue sabhI prauDha pANDityapUrNa graMtha arvAcIna saMskRta vAGmaya kI pragalbhatA ke utkRSTa pramANa kahe jA sakate haiN| 7 vividha vyAkaraNa saMpradAya __ "vyAkaraNa' ko mukhya sthAna diyA gyaa| vyAkaraNa zabda kA prayoga gopathabrAhmaNa, muNDakopaniSad, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ityAdi prAcIna graMthoM meM huA hai| prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra brahmA, bRhaspati, iMdra caMdra, prajApati, tvaSTA, vAyu, bharadvAja, kAzakRtsra, kumAra, bhAgurI, rauDhi, mAdhyandini, pauSkarasAdi, vyADi, zaunaki, gautama, cArAyaNa, vaiyAghrapadya ityAdi vyAkaraNa zAstrajJoM ke nAma yatra tatra upalabdha hote haiN| bhagavAna pANini dvArA isa kSetra meM jo kArya huA, usakI alaukikatA ke kAraNa vyAkaraNa kA vibhAjana (1) pANini ke pUrvakAlIna aura (2) pANini ke uttarakAlIna ina do bhAgoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| svayaM pANini ne apanI aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM meM uparinirdiSTa nAmAvali ke atirikta Apizati, kAzyapa, gArgya, gAlava, cAkravarmaNa, bhAradvAja, zAkaTAyana, zAkalya, senaka aura sphoTAyana ina dasa zAbdikoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vyAkaraNa ko eka vedAMga mAne jAne ke kAraNa, jina prAtizAkhyoM se vaidika zabdoM kA vicAra prAraMbha huA isI ko vyAkaraNa zAstra kA mUlastrota mAnA jAtA hai| jina pANinipUrva vaiyAkaraNoM kI nAmAvalI upara dI hai unake graMtha to upalabdha nahIM hote paraMtu unameM se anekoM ke vacana yA mata yatra tatra milate hai, jinase unake vicAroM kI sUkSmatA kA paricaya milatA hai| "aindra vyAkaraNa" aindra vyAkaraNa kA ullekha prAcIna graMthoM meM anekatra milatA hai| jaina paraMparA ke anusAra aisI mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indra ke liye zabdAnuzAsana khaa| use upAdhyAya (lekhAcArya) ne sunakara loka meM "aindra" nAma se prakaTa kiyaa| jinavijaya upAdhyAya aura lakSmIvallabha muni jaise kucha jaina graMthakAroM ne jainendra vyAkaraNa ko hI "aindra" vyAkaraNa batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| vastutaH "aindra" aura "jainendra" ye donoM vyAkaraNa bhinna haiN| jainendra se atiprAcIna ullekha "aindra vyAkaraNa" ke saMbaMdha meM prApta hote haiN| durgAcArya ne "niruktavRtti" ke prAraMbha meM aindra vyAkaraNa kA sUtra nirdiSTa kiyA hai| zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM aindra vyAkaraNa kA mata pradarzana kiyA hai| (caraka ke vyAkhyAtA bhaTTAraka harizcandra ne aindra vyAkaraNa kA nirdeza kiyA hai| digambara jainAcArya somadeva sUri ne apane "yazastilakacampU" (AzvAsa-1) meM aindra vyAkaraNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN. e.sI. barnela ne aindra vyAkaraNase saMbaMdhita cInI, tibbatIya aura bhAratIya sAhitya ke ullekhoM kA saMgraha kara "oNna dI aindra skUla oNpha grAmeriyansa" nAmaka graMtha likhA hai / aindra vyAkaraNa kI racanA kA samaya IsA pUrva pAMcavI-chaThI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai paraMtu vaha vyAkaraNa abhI taka aprApta hai| ___"jainendra vyAkaraNa" "sisTimsa oNpha saMskRta grAmara" nAmaka apane graMtha meM DaoN. belavalakara ne devanandI nAmaka digambara jainAcArya ko isa vyAkaraNa kA pravartaka kahA hai| unhoMne isa vyAkaraNa ke do upalabdha pAThoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA saMkSepa dikhAI detA hai| bopadeva ne jina ATha prAcIna zAbdikoM (arthAta vaiyAkaraNoM kA) nirdeza kiyA hai unameM jainendra vyAkaraNa hI sarvaprathama mAnA gayA hai| isa vyAkaraNa meM pAMca adhyAya hone se ise "paMcAdhyAyI" bhI kahate haiN| isameM siddhAnta kaumudI kI taraha prakaraNa vibhAga nahIM hai| pANini kI taraha vidhAna krama ko lakSya kara isameM sUtroM kI racanA kI gaI hai| isameM saMjJAeM alpAkSarI haiM aura pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para hI isakI racanA huI hai| paraMtu yaha kevala laukika vyAkaraNa hai, jaba ki pANinIya vyAkaraNa laukika aura vaidika donoM prakAra ke zabdaprayogoM ko lakSya karatA hai| jainendra vyAkaraNa meM "chAMdasa (vaidika) prayoga bhI laukika mAna kara siddha kiye gaye haiN| jainendra vyAkaraNa ke do sUtrapATha milate haiM, jinameM prAcIna sUtrapATha ke 3000 sUtra aura saMzodhita pATha ke 3700 sUtra haiN| donoM sUtrapAThoM para bhinna bhitra TIkA graMtha likhe gaye haiN| isa vyAkaraNa para devanandI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 47 For Private and Personal Use Only

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/ pANinIya zabdAnazcaya ke lie bhI pramANabhava bahIna api anarthakena isa vAsana na kevala vaidika evaM ke matA saskRti ke vividha aMgoM kA svopajJa bhASya hone ke ullekha milate haiM, paraMtu bhASya graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| jainendra vyAkaraNa para AdhArita abhayanandIkRta mahAvRtti (12000 zloka parimANa) prabhAcaMdra (vi. 12 vIM zatI) kRta zabdAmbhoja-bhAskaranyAsa (16000 zloka parimANa), mahAcaMdrakRta "laghujainendra" (abhayanandIkRta mahAvRtti para AdhArita), guNanandIkRta zabdArNava (jainendra vyAkaraNa kA parivartita sUtrapATha), zrutakIrtikRta paMcavastuTIkA, somadevakRta zabdArNavacandrikA, guNanandIkRta zabdArNavaprakriyA, ratnarSikRta (I. 18 vIM zatI) bhagavadvAgvAdinI TIkA, meghavijayakRta (I. 18 vIM zatI) jainendravyAkaraNa vRtti, vijaya vimalakRta aniTkArikAvacUri, vaMzIdharakRta jainendraprakriyA, nemicandrakRta prakriyAvatAra aura rAjakumArakRta jainendralaghuvRtti ityAdi aneka vivaraNAtmaka vyAkaraNagraMthoM kI racanA huI hai| ___ "zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa" pANinI prabhRti prAcIna vidvAnoM ne jisa zAkaTAyana kA nAmollekha kiyA unakA vyAkaraNa Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM paraMtu Aja jo zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa upalabdha hai, usake nirmAtA kA vAstavika nAma hai pAlyakIrti aura unake vyAkaraNa kA nAma hai zabdAnuzAsana / isa tathAkathita zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa meM, pANini kI taraha vidhAnakrama se sUtraracanA kI gaI hai| isa para kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA pracura prabhAva hai| graMtha 4 adhyAyoM tathA 16 pAdoM meM vibhakta hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki pANini se pUrvakAlIna sAMgopAMga koI bhI vyAkaraNa graMtha upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa aura pANini kA graMtha sarvAMga paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa, vahI saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA Adya aura sarvazreSTha graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| samasta saMsAra meM kisI bhI rASTra ke vAGmaya meM, isa prakAra kA aura isa yogyatA kA graMtha abhI taka nirmANa nahIM huaa| pANinIya zabdAnuzAsana na kevala vaidika evaM laukika zabdoM ke yathArthajJAna ke lie api tu prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke vividha aMgoM ke paricaya ke lie bhI pramANabhUta mahAna Akara graMtha hai| vyAkaraNa bhASyakAra pataMjali ke matAnusAra pANinIya sUtroM meM eka bhI varNa anarthaka nahIM hai ("tatrAzakyaM varNena api anarthakena bhavitum) bhArata meM vyAkaraNa zAstra kI pravRtti vaidika zabdoM ke arthanirdhAraNa ke nimitta huii| isa kArya kA prAraMbha prAtizAkhyakAroM dvArA huaa| prAtizAkhyoM meM varNasaMdhi Adi zabdazAstra se saMbaMdhita viSayoM kA vivecana hone ke kAraNa, vyavahAra meM unheM "vaidika vyAkaraNa" kahA jAtA hai| isa samaya jo prAtizAkhya graMtha upalabdha yA jJAta haiM unake nAma haiM : 1) RprAtizAkhya, 2) AzvalAyana prAtizAkhya, 3) bASkala prAtizAkhya, 4) zAMkhAyana prA. 5) vAjasaneya prA. 6) taittirIya prA. 7) maitrAyaNIya prA. 8) cArAyaNIya prA. 9) sAma prA. aura arthava prA. inameM se RprAtizAkhya nizcaya hI pANini se prAcIna hai| prAtizAkhyoM ke atirikta, tatsadRza jo anya vaidika vyAkaraNa ke graMtha upalabdha haiM unake nAma haiM : 1) Rktantra - zAkaTAyana yA audavajidvArA praNIta, 2) laghuRktantra 3) atharvacaturadhyAyI - zaunaka athavA kautsapraNIta, 4) pratijJAsUtra - kAtyAyanakRta aura 5) bhASikasUtra - kaatyaaynkRt| ina vaidika vyAkaraNa viSayaka graMthoM meM, agnivezya, indra, kAzyapa, jAtUkarNya, bharadvAja, zAkalya, hArIta ityAdi 50 se adhika AcAryoM kA nAma-nirdeza milatA hai, paraMtu unake graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| ye sAre nAma vaidika vyAkaraNa kI mAtra prAcInatA ke pramANa kahe jA sakate hai| va aSTAdhyAyI pANinIya zabdAnuzAsana ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hone ke kAraNa "aSTAdhyAyI" nAma se suprasiddha hai| ina ATha adhyAyoM kA pratyekazaH cAra pAdoM meM vibhAjana kiyA hai| pAdoM kI sUtrasaMkhyA samAna nahIM hai| pANinIya sUtroM ke saMjJA, paribhASA, vidhi, niyama aura atideza nAmaka pAMca prakAra hote haiN| aSTAdhyAyI ke prathama va dvitIya adhyAya meM saMjJA aura paribhASA ke sUtra haiN| tRtIya, caturtha aura paMcama adhyAyoM meM kRt aura taddhita pratyayoM kA nirUpaNa hai| chaThe adhyAya meM dvitva, saMprasAraNa, saMdhi, svara, Agama, lopa, dIrghatva Adi ke sUtra hai| sAtaveM adhyAya meM "aMgAdhikAra" prakaraNa AyA hai| isa meM pratyaya ke kAraNa mUlazabdoM meM tathA zabda ke kAraNa pratyayoM meM saMbhAvya parivartana kA vivaraNa kiyA hai| aura AThaveM aMtima adhyAya meM dvitva, pluta, Natva, Satva ityAdi kA vivaraNa hai| aSTAdhyAyI ke, prAcya, udIcya aura dAkSiNAtya nAmaka tIna pATha vidvAnoM ne mAne haiM, tathApi DhAI hajAra varSoM kI pradIrgha kAlAvadhi meM isa mahanIya graMtha kA pATha prAyaH avikRta rahA hai| aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kA artha vizada karanevalI eka "vRtti" sUtroM ke sAtha hI nirmANa huI thI, ataH pataMjali ne aSTAdhyAyI ko hI "vRttisUtra nAma diyA hai|" vRttiyAM "sUcanAt sUtram" isa vacana ke anusAra alpAkSara sUtroM kA abhiprAya vizada karanevAle aneka vRttigraMtha nirmANa hue, jinameM sUtroM kA padaccheda vAkyAdhyAhAra (pUrva prakaraNastha padoM kI anuvRtti evaM sUtrabAhya pada kA yoga) udAharaNa, pratyudAharaNa, pUrvapakSa aura samAdhAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke vRttigraMthoM kI saMkhyA alpa nahIM thI, paraMtu unameM jayAditya aura vAmana (I. 8 vIM zatI) viracita "kAzikA" nAmaka vRtti atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM bahuta se sUtroM kI vRttiyAM aura udAharaNa, prAcIna vRttiyoM se saMgrahita haiN| kAzikAvRtti kI sabase prAcIna vyAkhyA jinendrabuddhi-viracita kAzikA-vivaraNapaMjikA hai, jo "nyAsa" nAma se vyAkaraNa vAGmaya meM prasiddha hai| I. 14 vIM zatI meM zaraNadeva ne aSTAdhyAyIpara "durghaTa" nAmaka vRtti likhI hai| saMskRta bhASA ke jo anokhe zabda vyAkaraNa se sAdhAraNatayA siddha nahIM hote, una bauddha graMthoM ke zabdoM kA sAdhutva siddha karane kA prayAsa, 48 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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isa durghaTavRtti meM kiyA gayA hai| zaraNadeva bauddha matAnuyAyI the| ina vRttiyoM ke atirikta bhaTTojI dIkSita kRta zabdakaustubha (apUrNa), aNavya dIkSitakRta sUtraprakAza, vizvezvara sUrikRta vyAkaraNasiddhAntasudhAnidhi tathA dAnanda sarasvatIkRta aSTAdhyAyIbhASya ityAdi vRttigraMtha ullekhanIya haiN| pANinIya vyAkaraNa para AcArya vyADi (apara nAma dAkSAyaNa) ne saMgraha nAmaka graMtha racA thA / pataMjali kRta mahAbhASya, bhartRharikRta vAkyapadIya kI puSparAja tathA helArAjakRta TIkA tathA jainendravyAkaraNa kI mahAnandI TIkA, ityAdi graMthoM meM isa vyADikRta saMgraha graMtha ke uddharaNa milate haiM, paraMtu Aja yaha mahatvapUrNa graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya kA pracAra hone ke pUrva, saMgraha graMtha kA hI adhyayana pracalita thA / 8 pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA vistAra "ukta anukta-durukta-cintA vArtikam' isa vacana ke anusAra, kisI mahattvapavapUrNa graMtha kI cikitsA karanevAle vidvAnoM ne mUla grantha ke saMbaMdha meM jo TippaNAtmaka pUraka vAkya yA zloka likhe hote haiM unheM "vArtika" saMjJA dI jAtI hai| isa prakAra ke zlokavArtika, taMtravArtika ityAdi prAcIna graMtha upalabdha hote haiN| vyAkaraNa zAstra meM "vRttervyAkhyAnaM vArtikam" arthAt pANinIya zabdAnuzAsana kI vRtti kA vyAkhyAna karanevAle vacana 'vArtika' nAma se nirdezita hote haiN| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM bhAradvAja, kroSTA, sunAga, vyAghrabhUti ityAdi vArtikakAroM ke sAtha kAtyAyana (yA kAtya) kA nirdeza huA hai| kintu kAtyAyana ke vArtikapATha kA hI parAmarza prAdhAnya se kiyA gayA hai| pataMjali ke matAnusAra vArtikakAra kAtyAyana dAkSiNAtya thaa| kucha vidvAna use pANini kA sAkSAt ziSya mAnate haiM / kAtyAyana kA vArtikapATha svataMtra rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hotaa| vaha pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA hI pUraka aMga hone ke kAraNa sUtroM meM hI grathita huA hai| ina vArtikoM ke binA pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA sarvaMkaSa jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / pAtaMjala mahAbhASya saMskRta vAGmaya meM aneka zAstroM ke pAMDityapUrNa bhASya graMtha nirmANa hue| pANinIya vyAkaraNa para vivecana karane vAle aneka graMthoM kA parAmarza lete hue pataMjali ne apanA vyAkaraNa - mahAbhASya likhA / pANini, kAtyAyana aura pataMjali vyAkaraNa zAstra ke "trimuni" (yA munitraya) mAne jAte haiN| zabdApazabda kA viveka karate samaya "yathottaraM munInAM prAmANyam" yAne sUtrakAra pANini se vArtikAra kAtyAyana pramANa, aura kAtyAyana se bhI utarakAlIna graMthakAra hone ke kAraNa, bhASyakAra pataMjali muni ke mata parama pramANa mAne jAte haiN| pataMjali ko zuMgavaMzIya mahArAjA puSyamitra kA samakAlika mAnA jAtA hai| ataH I.pU. dvitIya zatI meM pataMjali kA AvirbhAva vidvAna mAnate hai / yudhiSThira mImAMsaka pataMjali ko vikrama pUrva 1200 se pUrvakAlika mAnate haiN| vibhinna prAcIna graMthoM meM gonardIya, goNikAputra, nAganAtha, ahipati, zeSarAja, cUrNikAra ityAdi nAmoM se pataMjali kA nirdeza milatA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya meM pataMjali ke nAmapara tIna graMtha prasiddha hai| 1) sAmavedIya nidAnasUtra, 2) yogasUtra aura 3) vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya / "yogena cittasya, padena vAcA malaM zarIrasya ca vaidyakena / yo'pAkarot taM pravaraM munInAM pataMjali prAMjalinato'smi / / " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir graMtha rUpAvatAra prakriyAkaumI siddhAntakaumudI yaha zloka vaiyAkaraNoM kI paraMparA meM prasiddha hai| isake anusAra vaidyaka, yoga tathA vyAkaraNa ina tInoM ke adhikArI lekhaka pataMjali muni, eka hI vyakti mAne gaye haiN| sabhI zAstrIya viSayoM ke samAna, vyAkaraNa viSayaka graMthoM kI zailI prAyaH zuSka, nIrasa hotI hai, paraMtu pAtaMjala mahAbhASya isa dRSTi se apavAda hai| bhASA kI saralatA, prAMjalatA, svAbhAvikatA, viSaya pratipAdana zailI kI utkRSTatA, vAkyoM kI asAmAsikatA, tathA laghutA ke kAraNa, isa bhASya kI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA sabhI vidvAna karate haiN| vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya para bhartRharikRta mahAbhASya-pradIpikA aura kaiyaTakRta pradIpa nAmaka do TIkA graMtha ullekhanIya haiN| kaiyaTakRta pradIpa TIkA ke asAdhAraNa mahattva ke kAraNa usa para rAmAnaMda sarasvatI, IzvarAnaMda sarasvatI, annaMbhaTTa, nAgezabhaTTa ityAdi 14 vidvAnoM ne TIkA graMtha likhe haiM / pANini kA vyAkaraNa sUtrAtmaka tathA usakI apanI pratipAdana zailI kucha jaTila sI hone ke kAraNa, kevala laukika zabdoM kI siddhi ke viSaya meM jijJAsA rakhanevAloM ke lie "prakriyAnusArI" vyAkaraNa granthoM kI AvazakyatA nirmANa huii| yaha AvazyakatA kucha samaya taka kAtaMtra Adi prakriyAnusArI anya vyAkaraNoM ke dvArA nibhAI jAtI thii| I. 15-16 vIM zatI se pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA sUtrapATha ke kramAnusAra adhyayana khaMDita hokara, prakriyApaddhati ke anusAra, sarvatra hone lgaa| aSTAdhyAyI para AdhArita tIna mahattvapUrNa prakriyAnusArI graMtha likhe gaye - graMthakAra dharmakIrti rAmacaMdra (I. 14 vIM zatI) bhaTTojI dIkSita (I- 16-17 vIM zatI) bhaTTojI dIkSita kI siddhAntakaumudI meM vyAkaraNa kI prakriyApaddhati paripUrNa rUpa se prakaTa huii| isa graMtha ke pUrva bhAga meM saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 49 For Private and Personal Use Only

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laukika zabdoM kA anuzAsana tathA uttarabhAga meM vaidika zabdoM kA anuzAsana suvyavasthita paddhati se kiyA gayA hai / ataH yaha graMtha vyAkaraNa samAja meM mahAbhASya se bhI upAdeya mAnA gyaa| "kaumudI yadi kaNThasthA vRthA bhASye parizramaH / kaumudI yadyakaNThasthA vRthA bhASye parizramaH / / " yaha suprasiddha subhASita isa graMtha kI mahanIyatA kA eka pramANa kahA jA sakatA hai| prakriyAkaumudI tathA siddhAntakaumudI para aneka vyAkhyAeM likhI gii| bhaTTojI ne svayaM apanI siddhAntakaumudI para prauDhamanoramA nAmaka TIkA likhI, jisameM unhoMne prakriyAkaumudI aura usakI TIkAoM kA sthAna sthAna para khaMDana kiyA hai| bhaTTojI kI prauDhamanoramA para una ke pautra hari dIkSita ne bRhacchandara aura laghuzabdaratna nAmaka do vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiM anya TIkAoM meM jJAnendra sarasvatI kI tatvabodhinI, nAgezabhaTTa kRta bRhacchabdenduzekhara evaM laghuzabdenduzekhara aura vAsudeva vAjapeyI kI bAlamanoramA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne bhaTTojI kI prauDhamanoramA TIkA ke khaMDanArtha "kucamardinI" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| I-18 vIM zatI meM kerala nivAsI nArAyaNa bhaTTa ne prakriyA sarvasva nAmaka prakriyA graMtha likhA hai| isake 20 prakaraNoM meM siddhAntakaumudI se bhinna kramAnusAra viSaya pratipAdana kiyA hai| ina suprasiddha prakriyA graMthoM ke atirikta laghu siddhAntakaumudI, madhyakaumudI jaise chAtropayogI prakriyA graMtha nirmANa hue jinake adhyayana se pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA paricaya Aja bhI chAtroM ko sarvatra diyA jAtA hai| 9 "pANinIyetara vyAkaraNa graMtha" saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kI paraMparA meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA sArvabhauma adhirAjya nirvivAda hai| paraMtu isa ke atirikta anya kucha vyAkaraNa saMpradAya bhI pANini ke pazcAt nirmANa hue jinameM kevala laukika saMskRta bhASA ke zabdoM kA anuzAsana kiyA gayA hai| isa pANinItara vyAkaraNa vAGmaya meM, kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA sthAna vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| isa ke apara nAma haiM kalApaka aura kaumAra / kAtantra zabda kA artha, durgAsiMha Adi vaiyAkaraNoM ne laghutantra kiyA hai, aura "kaumAra" zabda kA artha kumAroM (bAlako) kA, arthAt yaha bAlopayogI vyAkaraNa hai purANa paraMparAvAdiyoM ke anusAra, kumAra kArtikeya kI AjJA se kisI zarvavarmA dvArA isa vyAkaraNa kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| kAzakRtstra ke dhAtupATha aura upalabdha sUtroM se kAtaMtradhAtupATha tathA sUtroM kI tulanA se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA gayA hai ki kAtantra eka kAzakRtsrataMtra kA hI saMkSepa hai| isa kA lekhaka kathAsaritsAgara aura durgAsiMha (kAtantravRtti TIkAkAra) ke anusAra koI zarvavarmA thA jisane AkhyAtAnta bhAgoMkI racanA kI aura bAda ke kRdanta bhAgoM kI racanA kisI kAtyAyana ne kii| zrIpatidatta ne kAtantra pariziSTa likha kara yaha vyAkaraNa pUrA kiyaa| aMta meM kisI vijayAnanda ( nAmAntara vidyAnanda) ne kAtantrottara nAma kA graMtha likhaa| pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke samAna hI kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA pracAra sarvatra (vizeSa kara baMgAla aura mAravADa meM) adhika mAtrA meM rhaa| bhArata ke bAhara madhya eziyA meM bhI isake astitva kA pramANa upalabdha huA hai| kAtantra vyAkaraNa para zarvavarmA, vararuci aura durgAsiMha kI vRttiyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| durgAsiMha kI vRttipara durgAsiMha (9 vIM zatI), ugrabhUti (11 vIM zatI) trilocanadAsa, vardhamAna (12 vIM zatI), pRthvIdhara, umApati (13 vIM zatI), jinaprabhasUri (14 vIM zatI) cAritrasiMha, jagadhdara (mAlatImAdhava ke TIkAkAra) aura puNDarIkAkSa vidyAsAgara (I. 15 vIM zatI) ityAdi vidvAnoM dvArA TIkA graMtha likhe gaye haiN| "cAndra vyAkaraNa" kAzmIra ke nRpati abhimanyu ke Adeza para candrAcArya ne vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya kA pracAra karate hue naye vyAkaraNa kI racanA kii| isa vyAkaraNa ke maMgalAcaraNa - zloka se jJAta hotA hai ki lekhaka candrAcArya yA candragomI bauddha matAnuyAyI the| cAMdra vyAkaraNa aura dhAtupATha kA prathama mudraNa jarmanI meM huaa| yaha vyAkaraNa pANinIya taMtra kI apekSA laghu, vispaSTa aura kAtaMtra Adi kI apekSA saMpUrNa hai| mahAbhASya kA prabhAva isameM vizeSa dikhAI detA hai| isa meM pANinIya taMtra kA svaraprakriyA nidarzaka bhAga nahIM hai| aMtima saptama aura aSTama adhyAya aprApta haiM, jinameM vaidikI svaraprakriyA kA pratipAdana hone kI saMbhAvanA, yudhiSThira mImAMsakajI ne siddha kI hai / cAndra vyAkaraNa para dharmadAsa dvArA likhI huI vRtti kA mudraNa, romana akSaroM meM jarmanI meM huA hai| bauddha bhikSu kazyapa ne cAndra sUtroM para bAlabodhinI nAmaka laghuvRtti, I-14 vIM zatI meM likhI yaha vRtti laghukaumudI ke samAna subodha hai| cAndra vyAkaraNa se saMbaMdhita dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, uNAdisUtra liMgAnuzAsana, upasargavRtti, zikSA aura sUtrakoSa nirmANa hue the, jina ke uddharaNa mAtra yatra tatra upalabdha hote haiN| "sarasvatI - kaNThAbharaNa" saMskRta vAGmaya ke itihAsa meM paramAravaMzIya dhArAdhIzvara mahArAjA bhoja (I. 12 vIM zatI) kA nAma atyaMta suprasiddha hai / unakI vidvattA, rasikatA evaM udAratA kA paricaya dene vAlI aneka kathAe~ prasiddha haiN| bhojarAjA ne sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa nAma ke do graMtha race the- eka alaMkAra - viSayaka aura dUsarA vyAkaraNa-viSayaka, jisakA apara nAma hai zabdAnuzAsana / isa zabdAnuzAsana meM ATha adhyAya haiM aura pratyeka adhyAya meM cAra pAda tathA sUtroM kI kula saMkhyA 6411 hai| prAraMbhika sAta adhyAyoM meM laukika 50 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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zabdoM kA aura aMtima AThave adhyAya meM vaidika zabdoM evaM svaroM kA pratipAdana hai| isa zabdAnuzAsana meM pANinIya aura cAndra vyAkaraNoM kA anusaraNa huA hai| isa graMtha para bhoja kI svakRta vyAkhyA ke pramANa milate haiM, usake atirikta daNDanAtha nArAyaNabhaTTa kI hRdaya-hAriNI, kRSNalIlAzuka (I. 13 vIM zatI) kI "puruSakAra" aura rAmasiMha kI ratnadarpaka nAmaka vyAkhyAeM likhI gaI haiN| "haima zabdAnuzAsana" / zvetAmbara jaina saMpradAya meM AcArya hemacandra sUri (I. 13 vIM zatI) kA nAma unakI graMthasaMpadA ke kAraNa vikhyAta hai| sarvatomukhI pAMDitya ke kAraNa "kAlikAlasarvajJa' upAdhi unheM prApta huI thii| gujarAta meM mahArAjA siddharAja (aparanAma-jayasiMha) ke Adeza se inhoMne zabdAnuzAsana kI racanA kI, jo haima zabdAnuzAsana nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa hai| prAraMbhika 7 adhyAyoM ke 28 pAdoM meM (sUtrasaMkhyA- 3566) saMskRta bhASA ke aura aMtima AThaveM adhyAya meM (sUtrasaMkhyA- 1119), - prAkRta (zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikA-paizAcI, aura apabhraMza ityAdi) bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| prAkRta bhASAoM ko vyAkaraNabaddha karane kArya sarvaprathama hemacandrAcArya ne hI kiyaa| isa zabdAnuzAsana meM kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa kA anusaraNa huA hai| isameM yathAkrama saMjJA, svarasandhi, vyaMjanasandhi, nAma, kAraka, Satva Natva, strIpratyaya, samAsa, AkhyAta, kRdanta aura taddhita viSayaka prakaraNa haiN| apane isa graMtha para hemacaMdra ne bAlakoM ke lie ladhvI, madhyama buddhivAloM ke lie madhyamA, aura kuzAgra buddhimAnoM ke liye bRhatI isa prakAra tIna vRttiyA~ likhI, jinakI zlokasaMkhyA bahuta baDI hai| isake atirikta hemacandra ne apane vyAkaraNa para 90 sahastra zlokaparimANa kA "zabdamahArNavanyAsa" yA bRhannyAsa nAma kA vivaraNa likhA thaa| isake atirikta devendra sUrikRta hemalaghunyAsa, vinayavijayagaNikRta haimalaghuprakriyA, meghavijayakRta, haimakaumudI ityAdi TIkAgraMtha likhe gaye, jo abhI taka duSprApya haiN| I. 14 vIM zatI meM kramadIzvarane saMkSiptasAra nAmaka vyAkaraNa likhaa| yaha samprati usake pariSkartA jumaranandI ke nAma para jaumara vyAkaraNa nAma se vidita hai| I. 14 vIM zatI meM sArasvata sUtroM kI racanA huii| usake racayitA narendracArya aura pariSkartA the anubhuutisvruupaacaary| isa sArasvata vyAkaraNa para, kSemendra (kAzmorI kSemendra se bhinna), dhanezvara, amRtabhAratI, satyaprabodha, mAdhava, candrakIrti jainAcArya, raghunAtha, (bhaTTojI dIkSita ke ziSya) megharatna, maNDana, vAsudeva-bhaTTa Adi 18 vidvAnoM ne vyAkhyAeM likhI, jo prAyaH amudrita haiN| ina vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta tarkatilaka bhaTTAcArya, rAmAzraya Adi vaiyAkaraNoM ne sArasvata vyAkaraNa ko rUpAMtara meM prastuta kiyA hai|| ___ devagiri (mahArASTra) meM I. 15 vIM zatI ke suprasiddha hemAdri (yA hemADapaMta) nAmaka amAtya ke Azrita bopadeva ne mugdhabodha nAmaka bAlopayogI vyAkaraNa kI racanA kii| bopadeva ne kavikalpadruma nAma se dhAtupATha kA saMgraha kiyA aura usa para kAmadhenu nAmaka TIkA bhI likhI hai| mugdhabodha vyAkaraNa para nandakizora bhaTTa, vidyAnivAsa, durgAdAsa vidyAvAgIza (I. 17 vIM zatI), Adi 16 vaiyAkaraNoM ne TIkAe~ likhI haiN| prastuta prakaraNa ke prAraMbha meM jainendra aura zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNoM kA yathocita paricaya diyA gayA hai| ina mahattvapUrNa vyAkaraNoM ke atirikta padmanAtha datta (I. 15 vIM zatI) kA supadmavyAkaraNa, zubhacandra kA cintAmaNi vyAkaraNa, bharatasena kA drutabodha, rAmakiMkara kA Azubodha, rAmezvarI kA zuddhAzubodha, zivaprasAda kA zIghrabodha, kAzIzvara kA jJAnAmRta, rUpagosvAmI aura jIvagosvAmI kA harinAmAmRta, bAlarAma paMcAnana kA prabodhaprakAza, ityAdi sAmAnya zreNI ke vyAkaraNa graMtha aura saMpradAya nirmANa hone para bhI, pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA prabhAva Aja taka abAdhita hai| 10 "dhAtupATha" vaiyAkaraNa samAja meM "paMcAMga vyAkaraNa" yaha zabdaprayoga hotA hai| ve pAMca aMga haiM- 1) sUtrapATha 2) dhAtupATha 3) gaNapATha 4) uNAdipATha aura 5) liMgAnuzAsana / mukhya sUtrapATha ko hI zabdAnuzAsana kahate haiN| avaziSTa cAra aMga, zabdAnuzAsana ke "khila" yA pariziSTa mAne jAte haiN| ina cAroM khilapAThoM kA sUtrapATha se nikaTa saMbaMdha hai aura vyAkaraNa zAstra ke sarvakaSa jJAna ke liye unakA Akalana honA bhI Avazyaka hai| uttarakAlIna vaiyAkaraNoM ne paribhASApATha nAmaka aura bhI eka aMga vikasita kiyA hai| prAcIna bhASAzAstrajJoM meM niruktakAra evaM zAkaTAyana jaise vaiyAkaraNa saMpUrNa nAma zabdoM ko AkhyAtajanya (athavA dhAtujanya) mAnate the| "nAmAni AkhyAtajAni" athavA "nAma ca dhAtujam" isa siddhAnta kI prAyaH sarvamAnyatA ke kAraNa, sabhI vaiyAkaraNoM ne apane apane zabdAnuzAsanoM se saMbaMddha dhAtupAThoM kI racanA kii| pANini se pUrvavartI 26 zabdAnuzAsanakAroM meM se kAzakRtsra kA dhAtupATha cannavIra kavi kI kannaDa TIkA ke sAtha yudhiSThira mImAMsakajI ne prakAzita kiyA hai| anya vidvAnoM ke dhAtupAThoM ke astitva ke pramANa milate haiM, paraMtu ve dhAtupATha upalabdha nahIM haiN| saMpUrNa vyAkaraNa saMpradAyoM meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa apane pAMcoM aMgoM se paripUrNa hai| Aja jo pANinIya dhAtupATha upalabdha hai, use kAzikA vRtti ke vyAkhyAtA jinendrabuddhi ne. anyakartRka kahA hai (anyo gaNakAraH anyazca sUtrakAraH) paraMtu yudhiSThira saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 51 For Private and Personal Use Only

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paMtha mImAMsakajI ne aneka pramANoM se usa vidhAna kA khaMDana kara, sUtrapATha ke samAna dhAtupATha bhI pANinikRta siddha kiyA hai| nAgeza bhaTTa ke matAnusAra, dhAtupATha meM arthanirdeza bhImasena ne kiyA hai| isa mata kI bhI ayathArthatA yudhiSThirajI ne apane saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra ke itihAsa meM sapramANa meM siddha kI hai| pANinIya sUtra pATha ke samAna dhAtupATha meM bhI pUrvavartI AcAryoM kA aMza liyA gayA hai| pANinIya dhAtupATha se saMbaMdhita aneka vyAkhyAgraMtha nirmANa hue| unameM se kucha mahattvapUrNa graMtha tathA graMthakAroM kI sUcI prastuta hai : graMthakAra AkhyAtacaMdrikA bhaTTamalla kavirahasya halAyudha kriyAkalApa vijayAnanda kriyAparyAyadIpikA vIrapAMDava kriyAkoza (AkhyAtacaMdrikA kA saMkSepa) rAmacandra prayuktAkhyAta-maMjarI sAraMga kriyAratna samuccaya (haimadhAtupATha kI vyAkhyA) dazabala (aparanAma-varadarAja) pANinIya dhAtupATha para bhImasena, kSIrasvAmI, maitreyarakSita, hariyogI, deva, sAyaNAcArya Adi vidvAnoM ne vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiN| inake atirikta dharmakIrtikRta rUpAvatAra, vimalasarasvatIkRta rUpamAlA, rAmacandrakRta prakriyAkaumudI, bhaTTojI dIkSitakRta siddhAntakaumudI, aura nArAyaNa bhaTTakRta prakriyA-sarvasva ina prakriyA granthoM meM pANinIya dhAtupATha kI dhAtuoM kA prasaMgataH vyAkhyAna huA hai| pANini ke uttarakAlIna vyAkaraNakAroM ne bhI apane nijI dhAtupATha likhe haiN| inameM kAtaMtra (yA kAlApa aura kaumAra) vyAkaraNa kA jo pRthak dhAtupATha hai, usapara durga, maitreya, ramAnAtha ityAdi vaiyAkaraNoM ne vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| candragomi-prokta cAndra vyAkaraNa kA dhAtupATha, brUno libiza ne cAndra vyAkaraNa ke sAtha prakAzita kiyA hai| AcArya devanandI ke jainendra vyAkaraNa evaM jainendra dhAtupATha kA saMzodhana, guNanandI ne kiyA, jo unake zabdArNava ke anta meM chapA huA hai| AcArya zrutakIrti ne jainendra vyAkaraNa para paMcavastu nAmaka prakriyAgraMtha likhA, jisake antargata jainendra dhAtupATha kA bhI vyAkhyAna hai| AcArya pAlyakIrti ke dvArA zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke dhAtupATha para likhe gae vyAkhyAgraMtha aprApya haiN| hemacaMdra sUri ne apane haima vyAkaraNa se saMbaMddha sabhI aMgoM kA pravacana kiyaa| usake antargata dhAtupATha kA bhI pravacana hai| yaha haima dhAtupATha kAzakRtsra-dhAtupATha sadRza hai| harSakulagaNi (I. 16 vIM zatI) ne haima dhAtupATha kA kavikalpadruma nAma se padyabadya rUpAMtara kiyA aura usa para dhAtucintAmaNi nAma kI TIkA bhI likhI hai| isake atirikta haima dhAtupATha para guNaratna sUri kI kriyAratna-samuccaya aura jayavIra gaNi kI avacUri vyAkhyA upalabdha haiN| inake atirikta malayagiri, kramadIzvara, sArasvata, bopadeva aura padmanAbhadatta inake zabdAnuzAsanoM ke apane apane dhAtupATha haiM aura unapara katipaya vidvAnoM ke vyAkhyA graMtha likhe gaye haiN| bopadeva kA dhAtupATha padyabaddha hai aura vaha kavikalpadruma nAma se prasiddha hai| "gaNapATha" gaNapATha nAmaka vyAkaraNAMga meM viziSTa kramAnusAra yA gaNAnusAra zabdoM kA saMkalana hotA hai| sAmAnya artha meM dhAtupATha kA nirdeza bhI gaNapATha zabda se ho sakatA hai, paraMtu vyAkaraNa sampradAya meM 'gaNapATha' zabda se kevala pratipAdika zabdoM ke samUhoM kA saMkalana nirdezita hotA hai| isameM gaNapAThAtmaka zAstrakAroM ne zAstra kA saMkSepa karane kI prathA zuru kii| pANini ke pUrvakAlIna aura uttarakAlIna gaNapATha prasiddha haiN| pANini ke gaNapATha para yajJezvara bhaTTa nAmaka Adhunika vaiyAkaraNa kI gaNaratnAvali nAmaka vyAkhyA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isa meM vyAkhyAkAra ne gaNaratnamahodadhi kA anukaraNa karate huye pahale gaNazabdoM ko zlokabaddha kiyA aura pazcAt unakI vyAkhyA kI hai| caMdragomI ke cAndra vyAkaraNa kA jo gaNapATha hai usakI vRtti svayaM lekhaka ne likhI hai| pAlyakIrti ke zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke gaNapATha meM aneka gaNoM ke purAne dIrgha nAmoM ke sthAna para laghu nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| usI prakAra pANini ke aneka gaNoM ko paraspara milA kara lAghava karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| mahArAjA bhoja ne apane gaNapATha ko sUtrapATha meM hI antarbhUta kiyA hai, aura prAcIna AcAryoM ke dvArA AkRtigaNa rUpa se nirdiSTa gaNoM meM samAviSTa hone vAle aneka zabdoM kA yathAsaMbhava saMkalana kiyA hai| bhoja ne pUrva vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA apaThita katipaya navIna gaNoM kA bhI pATha kiyA hai| AcArya hemacandra kA gaNapATha usakI svopajJa bRhadvRtti meM upalabdha hotA hai| isameM hemacandra ne pAlyakIrti ke zabdAnuzAsana aura usakI amoghAvRtti kA atyadhika anukaraNa kiyA hai aura gaNapATha ke anyAnya gaNoM meM, pUrvAcAryoM dvArA svIkRta prAyaH sabhI pAThAntaroM kA apane gaNapATha meM saMgraha kiyA hai| gaNakAroM meM vardhamAna (I. 13 vIM zatI) kA kArya atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| usane vyAkaraNa se saMbaMdhita gaNapATha kA zlokabaddha saMkalana evaM usakI gaNaratna-mahodadhi nAmaka savistara vyAkhyA likhI hai, jisameM pUrvavartI pANini, caMdragomI, jinendrabuddhi, pAlyakIrti, 52 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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hemacaMdra prabhRti solaha vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA prastuta pAThabhedoM athavA matoM kA parAmarza kiyA hai| sarvasaMgrAhakatA ke kAraNa gaNaratna-mahodadhi gaNapATha viSayaka eka sarvotkRSTa graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| jaumara vyAkaraNa ke gaNapATha para nyAyapaMcAnana ne gaNaprakAza nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| ina mahattvapUrNa gaNapAThoM ke atirikta jaumara, sArasvata, mugdhabodha, saupadma, ina vyAkaraNoM se saMbaddha tathA anya bhI gaNapATha vyAkaraNa vAGmaya meM vidyamAna haiN| 11 "uNAdi sUtra" vyAkaraNa ke pAMca aMgoM meM uNAdi sUtrapATha cauthA aMga hai| saMskRta ke bhASAzAstra meM, jina zabdoM meM dhAtvartha kA anumAna pratIta hotA hai, una zabdoM ko yaugika mAnate haiN| jinameM dhAtvarthAnugamana pratIta hone para bhI, kisI viziSTa artha kI pratIti hotI hai, ve yogarUDha kahe jAte haiM aura jina zabdoM meM dhAtvartha kA anugamana pratIta nahIM hotA ve rUDha mAne jAte haiN| yAskAcArya aura zAkaTAyana ke matAnusAra sabhI saMskRta zabda dhAtuja haiN| koI bhI zabda rUDha nhiiN| isa mata kA prativAda bhI kucha vaiyAkaraNoM ne kiyaa| vivAdAspada zabdoM kA dhAtujatva siddha karane ke liye eka aisA mArga vaiyAkaraNoM ne nikAlA jisase donoM matoM kA samanvaya ho ske| isI prayatna meM uNAdipATha kA udaya huaa| zabdAnuzAsana ke kRdanta (kRta pratyayAnta dhAtuja) zabdoM ke prakaraNa ke pariziSTa aMza ko uNAdi pATha nAma diyA gyaa| uNAdi sUtroM dvArA vivAdAspada zabdoM kI, kRdanta zabdoM ke samAna prakRti pratyayAtmaka vyutpatti dI gaI aura zabdAnuzAsanAntargata kRdanta prakaraNa se unheM pRthak kara, unakA rUDhArtha bhI abhivyakta kiyA gyaa| isI kAraNa prAyaH sabhI uNAdi sUtroM ke vyAkhyAkAra auNadika zabdoM ko rUDha mAnate hue varNAnupUrvI ke parijJAna ke liye, unameM prakRti pratyaya vibhAga kI kalpanA svIkAra karate haiN| saMjJAsu dhAturUpANi pratyayAzca tataH pre| kAryAd vidyAdanabandham etat zAstram uNAdiSu / / arthAt kisI nAma zabda meM dhAtu kA aMza dekha kara usake pratyaya kI kalpanA karanA aura zabda meM guNa-vRdhdi ityAdi dekha kara usa pratyaya ke anubandha kI yojanA karanA; yahI uNAdi sUtroM kA taMtra hai| isa taMtra ke anusAra pANini se pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke uNAdi sUtra upalabdha nahIM hote| pANini ne "uNAdayo bahulam" isa sUtra se saMketita uNAdi pratyayoM ke nidarzana ke liye, kisI uNAdi pATha kA pravacana kiyA hogaa| pANinIya vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA paMcapAdI aura dazapAdI donoM prakAra ke uNAdi sUtra samAdRta haiN| inameM se paMcapAdI uNAdi sUtroM ke pravaktA AdizAbdika zAkaTAyana tathA pANini bhI mAne jAte haiN| dazapAdI uNAdi sUtroM ke pravaktA ke saMbaMdha meM bhI vivAda hai| prAyaH donoM ke pravaktA pANini ko mAnane ke pakSa meM vidvAnoM kI anukUlatA hai| paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke vicAra meM paMcapAdI uNAdi sUtra pANiniprokta haiN| paMcapAdI uNAdi kI kucha vRttiyA~ upalabdha haiN| unake sUtrapATha meM aneka prakAra kI viSamatAe~ haiN| sUtroM meM nyUnAdhikatA aura sUtragata pAThoM meM aMtara pracura mAtrA meM dikhAI detA hai| arthAt aSTadhyAyI tathA dhAtupATha ke samAna paMcapAdI uNAdipATha ke bhI prAcya, audIcya aura dAkSiNAtya tIna pATha honA saMbhava hai| dazapAdI uNAdi sUtroM ke pravaktA ne paMcapAdI pATha ke AdhAra para hI apanI racanA kI hai| pANinIya dhAtupATha meM anupalabdha aneka dhAtuoM kA nirdeza dazapAdI meM milatA hai| paMcapAdI tathA dazapAdI para kucha vRttigraMtha likhe gae haiN| kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa se saMbaMdhita eka SaTpAdI uNAdipATha upalabdha hotA hai jisa para kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa ke vyAkhyAtA durgasiMha ne vRtti likhI hai| bhojadeva ne apane vyAkaraNa se saMbaMdhita uNAdi sUtroM kA pravacana apane sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa vyAkaraNa ke 1-2-3 pAThoM meM kiyA hai| isa para daNDanAtha kI vyAkhyA madrAsa se pRthak prakAzita huI hai| AcArya hemacaMdra ne apane vyAkaraNa se saMbaddha uNAdipATha likhA aura usa para svayaM vivRti likhii| haima vyAkaraNa ke uNAdi sUtroM kI saMkhyA 1006 hai aura vivRtti kA zloka-parimANa 2400 hai| inake atirikta jaumara, sArasvata aura supadma vyAkaraNa se saMbaMdhita uNAdi sUtra bhI vRttisahita vidyamAna haiN| liMgAnuzAsana zabdAnuzAsana meM zabdaliMga kA jJAna Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| ataH liMgAnuzAsana, zabdAnuzAsana kA eka aMga mAnA gayA hai| paraMtu dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, uNAdipATha ke samAna liMgAnuzAsana vyAkaraNazAstra ke sUtroM se saMbaddha nahIM hai| vyAkaraNoM ke prAyaH pratyeka pravaktA ne svIya vyAkaraNa se saMbaddha liMgAnuzAsana kA pravacana kiyA hai aura harSavardhana, vAmana jaise kucha aise bhI graMthakAra haiM, jinhoMne kevala liMgAnuzAsana kA hI pravacana kiyaa| harSavardhana kA liMgAnuzAsana jarmana bhAvAnuvAda sahita jarmanI meM mudrita huA hai aura vyAkhyA tathA pariziSToM sahita isakA saMskaraNa madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya se prakAzita huA hai| vAmana ke liMgAnuzAsana meM kevala 33 kArikAeM haiN| pAlyakIrti, hemacandra sUri, padmanAtha Adi anya vyAkaraNakAroM ke bhI liMgAnuzAsana viSayaka saMkSipta graMtha haiN| 12 paribhASA saMskRta zabdAnuzAsanoM se saMbaMdhita, vividha paribhASA saMgraha prasiddha haiN| ye paribhASAe~ sUtrarUpa hotI haiM jinakA kArya kamare meM rakhe hue dIpaka ke samAna hotA hai| jisa prakAra prajvalita dIpaka sAre kakSa ko prakAzita karatA hai, usI prakAra paribhASAtmaka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 53 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sUtravacana sAre vyAkaraNazAstra ko prakAzita karatA hai| "parito vyApRtAM bhASAM paribhASAM pracakSate'' ina zabdoM meM paribhASA zabda kA spaSTIkaraNa diyA jAtA hai| kucha paribhASAeM pANinIya Adi zAstroM ke antargata hI sUtrarUpa meM hotI haiM aura anya kucha paribhASAe~ sUtrapAThoM se bAhya hotI haiN| sAmAnyataH 1) jJApita 2) nyAyasiddha aura 3) vAcAnaka ina tIna prakAra kI paribhASAe~ mAnI gayI haiN| jJApita paribhASAeM vArtikakAra evaM bhASyakAra (pataMjali) ke vacanasvarUpa hotI haiN| inake atirikta kucha paribhASAoM kA eka aMza sUtroM dvArA jJApita hotA hai, aura avaziSTa aMza laukika nyAyadvArA athavA pUrvAcAryoM ke vacana dvArA paThita hotA hai| isa prakAra kI paribhASA, "mizrita paribhASA" kahI jAtI hai| paribhASAoM ke saMbaMdha meM vaiyAkaraNoM kA saMketa hai ki vyAkaraNa sUtroM ke anusAra zabda kI siddhi karate samaya jahAM vipratipatti arthAt matabheda nirmANa hote haiM, vahAM zAstrIya kArya ko pUrti ke lie paribhASA kA Azraya lekara kAryanirvAha kiyA jAtA hai| isI dRSTi se "aniyamaprasaMge niyamakAriNI" yaha paribhASA kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| pANinIya vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA svIkRta paribhASAoM ke vividha pATha upalabdha hote haiN| 1) kSIradevaviracita parabhiASAvRtti meM Azrita 2) paribhASenduzekhara Adi meM Azrita aura 3) puruSottamadevakRta paribhASAvRtti meM uplbdh| inameM saMgRhIta paribhASAoM kI saMkhyA 93 se 140 taka milatI hai| sampati pANinIya vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA, nAgezabhaTTa ke paribhASenduzekhara meM paThita 133 paribhASAe~ prAmANika mAnI jAtI haiN| puNe nivAsI kAzInAtha vAsudeva abhyaMkara ne, sAMprata upalabdha vividha paribhASA pAThoM tathA unakI vRttiyoM kA "paribhASAsaMgraha" kiyA, jisakA prakAzana bhANDArakara prAcyavidyA saMzodhana maMdira dvArA, san 1967 meM huA hai| paribhASAoM ke saMbaMdha meM ("vyADiviracita", "pANiniprokta" ityAdi vizeSaNoM se) yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki inake mUla racayitA vyADi tathA pANini rahe hoNge| ina parabhiASA sUtroM para aneka vyAkhyA graMtha likhe gaye, jinameM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM : paribhASAvRtti - puruSottama deva paribhASAratna - appA sudhI - kSIradeva paribhASA-pradIpArci - udayazaMkara bhaTTa. - nIlakaNTha vAjapeyI paribhASenduzekhara - nAgeza bhaTTa paribhASArthasaMgraha - vaidyanAtha zAstrI paribhASA-bhAskara - zeSadrinAtha sudhI paribhASAbhAskara - haribhAskara agnihotrI sArthaparibhASApATha - gamaprasAda dvivedI prAya ina sabhI vyAkhyAoM para TIkA graMtha likhe gaye haiN| paribhASAoM ke vivRtti pUraka graMthoM meM, nAgezabhaTTa kRta paribhASenduzekhara kA vizeSa sthAna hai| isI graMtha kA prAdhAnyataH sarvatra adhyayana hotA hai aura "zekharAntaM vyAkaraNam" isa prasiddha vacana ke anusAra, pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana- adhyApana kI parisamApti paribhASenduzekhara ke adhyayana samApta hone para mAnI jAtI hai| paribhASenduzekhara para kucha prasiddha TIkAe~ vidyamAna haiM:TIkA - lekhaka gadA - vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDe tripathagA - (1) rAghavendrAcArya, (2) veMkaTezaputra lakSmIvilAsa - zivarAma bhairavI - bhairava mizra candrikA - vizvanAtha bhaTTa sarvamaMgala - zeSa zarmA citprabhA - brahmAnaMda sarasvatI zaMkarI - zaMkarabhaTTa nAgapura ke nyAyAdhIza rAvabahAdUra nArAyaNa dAjIbA vADegAvakara ne likhI huI paribhASenduzekhara kI savistara marAThI vyAkhyA 1936 meM prakAzita huii| kAzInAtha zAstrI abhyaMkara ke paribhASAsaMgraha meM kAtaMtra (kAlApa), cAndra, jainendra, zAkaTAyana, haima, mugdhabodha aura supadma ina vyAkaraNa saMpradAyoM kI paribhASAoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| ina paribhASAoM para bhI TIkAgraMtha likhe gaye haiN| zAntanava zAstra pANinIya saMpradAya meM uNAdi ke samAna phTsUitra nAmaka eka saMkSipta zAstra hai jisake dvArA zabdoM ke prakRti-pratyaya vibhAga ke binA, unhe akhaNDa mAna kara udAttAdi svaranirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| rUDha zabdoM ko pANini atyutpanna mAnate the, paraMtu svaraprakriyA kI dRSTi se unheM vyutpanna hI mAnate the| isI lie unhoMne zabdoM ke svara-parijJAna ke liye pAMca sau sUtroM kI racanA kI hai| paraMtu pANinIya zAstra ke vyAkhyAtA kAtyAyana aura pataMjali rUDha zabdoM ko avyutpanna mAnate the| ataH unheM rUDha zabdoM ke svaranirdeza ke lie "phiTsUtra jaise zAstra kI, jisa meM zabda ko akhaNDa mAna kara svaranirdeza kiyA jAtA hai, AvazyakatA pratIta huii| isa prakAra ke zAstra ke pravaktA nAma zantanu thaa| ataH phiTsUtroM ko "zAntanava sUtra" kahate haiN| isa zAntanava zAstra ko "phiTsUtra" saMjJA prApta hone kA kAraNa, isakA prathama sUtra phiT hai| "pANini ne jisa artha meM "prAtipadika" saMjJA kA prayoga kiyA, vahI "phiTa" saMjJA kA artha hai| isa saMjJA-vAcaka sUtra ke kAraNa yaha zAstra "phiTsUtra" nAma se prasiddha huaa| yudhiSThira 54 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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mImAMsaka jI ke pratipAdanAnusAra phiTasUtra, pANini aura Apizali se bhI pUrvavartI haiM aura usake racayitA rAjarSi zantanu ko mAnanA ve anucita nahIM mAnate aura saMprati upalabhyamAna catuHpAdAtmaka phiTasUtra, zantanukRta kisI bRhattaMtra kA ekadeza hone kI saMbhAvanA unhoMne pratipAdana kI hai| phiTsUtroM para prakriyAkaumudI ke TIkAkAra viThThala, bhaTTojI dIkSita, aura zrInivAsa yajvA ne vyAkhAeM likhI hai| eka ajJAtanAma vaiyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA jarmanI meM prakAzita huI thii| bhaTTojI kI phiTasUtra vyAkhyA para jayakRSNa aura nAgezabhaTTa ne TIkAe~ likhI haiN| 13 dArzanika vaiyAkaraNa saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra ke prAyaH adhikatama graMthoM meM vedoM tathA laukika bhASA meM prayukta zabdoM ke sAdhutva nirdhAraNa kI prakriyA kA aura tatsaMbaMdhI niyamoM kA atyaMta sUkSamekSikA se cintana huA hai| sAdhu zabda aura asAdhu zabda viSayaka isa cintana ke sAtha hI, zabda ke nityatva aura anityatva ke viSaya meM bhI vyAkaraNa zAstrajJoM ne ati prAcIna kAla se carcA zurU kI thii| isI carcA meM "sphoTa" arthAt nitya zabda kA siddhAnta prasthApita huaa| pANini ne "avaG sphoTAyanasya" isa apane sUtra meM sphoTAyana nAmaka prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa kA nirdeza kiyA hai| sphoTAyana nAma kA spaSTIkaraNa padamaMjarI (kAzikAvRtti kI vyAkhyA) ke lekhaka haradatta ne, "sphoTo ayanaM parAyaNaM yasya saH, sphoTapratipAdana-paro vaiyAkaraNAcAryaH" isa vAkya meM diyA hai| tadnusAra, ye sphoTasiddhAnta ke prathama pravaktA the| isa pramANa ke AdhAra para zabda ke nityatva kA siddhAnta vaiyAkaraNoM meM pANini se pUrvakAla meM hI sthApita huA thaa| zabdanityatva (arthAta sphoTa-siddhAnta) kA samarthana karane vAle AcAryoM kI paramparA meM audumbarAyaNa, saMgrahakAra vyADi, mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali, jaise samartha vaiyAkaraNa hue, jinake dvArA vyAkaraNazAstra ke dArzanika svarUpa kA sUtrapAta huaa| paraMtu isa dizA meM Thosa kArya bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya nAmaka prasiddha graMtha ke dvArA huaa| vAkyapradIya nAma se hI yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha graMtha, vAkya aura pada kA vivecana karatA hai| isa graMtha ke prathama kANDa meM akhaNDavAkya-svarUpa sphoTa kA, dvitIya kANDa meM dArzanika dRSTi se vAkya kA aura tRtIya kANDa meM pada kA vivaraNa kiyA hai| ina tIna kANDoM ke kramazaH nAma haiM (1) Agama kANDa, (2) vAkyapadIya kANDa aura (3) prakIrNa kaanndd| prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAvijJAna kA yaha pramukha graMtha hai| isa meM zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha kA nirUpaNa dArzanika DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ke dArzanika tattvoM kA vizada vivecana karane vAlA yahI ekamAtra utkRSTa graMtha hai| isa graMtha para svayaM bhartRhari ne vyAkhyA likhI hai| yaha apUrNa svarUpa meM upalabdha hai aura isa para vRSabhadeva ne TIkA likhI hai| isa TIkA ke atirikta dvitIya kANDa para puNyarAja kI aura tRtIya kANDapara helArAja kI vyAkhyA upalabdha hai| kucha anya vyAkhyAoM ke bhI nirdeza milate haiN| vyAkaraNa ke dArzanika vicAroM meM sphoTavAda atyaMta maulika evaM mahattvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa usa kA vivecana karane vAle kucha tAttvika graMtha, dArzanika vaiyAkaraNoM ne likhe jina meM ullekhanIya graMtha haiM : (1) sphoTasiddhi le.- AcArya maNDanamizra / isameM 36 kArikAe~ hai, jina para lekhaka kI nijI vyAkhyA hai| (zaMkarAcArya kA ziSyatva grahaNa karane para, maNDanamizra surezvarAcArya nAma se prasiddha hue) isa sphoTasiddhi para RSiputra paramezvara kI vyAkhyA, madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya dvArA prasiddha huI hai| bharata mizrakRta sphoTasiddhi nAmaka anya eka graMtha kA prakAzana tiruanantapura se san 1927 meM huA hai jisa para svayaM lekhaka kI vyAkhyA hai| sphoTasiddhi-nyAya-vicAra nAmaka graMtha, san 1917 meM trivendrama (vAstava nAma tiruanantapuram) meM ma.ma. gaNapati zAstrI dvArA prakAzita huaa| isa meM 245 kArikAe~ hai| isa ke lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai| ina ke atirikta kezava kavikRta sphoTapratiSThA, zeSakRSNa kavikRta sphoTatattva, zrIkRSNabhaTTakRta sphoTacandrikA, ApadevakRta sphoTanirUpaNa, kundabhaTTakRta sphoTavAda, prasiddha haiN| dArzanika vyAkaraNa graMthoM meM vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa tathA vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra kA adhyayana vizeSa pracalita hai| isa graMtha kI kArikAoM kI racanA siddhAntakaumudIkAra bhaTTojI dIkSita ne kI hai| una kArikAoM kI vyAkhyA kA nAma hai vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa, jisake lekhaka hai kauNDabhaTTa / "vaiyAkaraNa-bhUSaNasAra" isI graMtha kA saMkSepa hai jisa para, harivallabhakRta darpaNa, haribhaTTakRta darpaNa, manudevakRta kAnti, bhairavamizrakRta parIkSA, rudranAthakRta vivRti, aura kRSNamizrakRta ratnaprabhA ityAdi TIkAgraMtha prasiddha haiN| isI dArzanika graMtha paraMparA meM nAgezabhaTTakRta vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-maMjUSA aura jagadIza tarkAlaMkArakRta zabdazaktiprakAzikA bhI ullekhanIya haiN| vaiyAkaraNoM ke dArzanika graMthoM kA mukhya viSaya zabda ke nityAnityatva kA vivecana karate hue, nityatvapakSa kI sthApanA karanA hai| isa ke atirikta padamImAMsA, vAkyamImAMsA, dhAtvartha, lakArArtha, prAtipadikArtha, subartha, samAsazakti, zabdazakti, ityAdi vividha tAttvikaviSayoM kA parAmarza ina graMthoM meM hone ke kAraNa ye graMtha bhAratIya bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se tathA jAgatika bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 55 For Private and Personal Use Only

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14 chandaH zAstra vedamaMtroM kA yathocita uccAraNa chaMdoM ke jJAna ke binA asaMbhava hai| pratyeka sUkta kI devatA, RSi, aura chaMda ke jJAna hue binA vedoM kA adhyApana yA japa karane vAlA pApI mAnA jAtA hai| sarvAMnukramaNIkAra kAtyAyana kahate haiM ki "mantra kA RSi, chaMda, devatA aura viniyoga na jAnate hue, usa maMtra se jo yajana karavAtA hai athavA usakA adhyApana karatA hai, vaha khaMbhe se TakarAtA hai, gaDhDhe meM jA par3atA hai athavA mahApApa kA dhanI hotA hai|" bhAskarAcArya ne chaMdas zabda kI nirukti "chaMdAsi chAdanAt' vedoM kA AcchAdana yA AvaraNa hone ke kAraNa chaMdas saMjJA huii| chad chAdane athavA cad AhlAdane ina dhAtuoM se chaMdas zabda kI vyutpatti mAnI jAtI hai| pANinIya zikSA meM chaMda ko veda puruSa kA caraNa kahA hai| ("chaMdaH pAdau tu vedasya") mAnava jisa prakAra caraNoM ke AdhAra para khar3A hotA hai, usI prakAra vedoM ko chaMdoM kA AdhAra hai| saMhitA tathA brAhmaNa graMthoM meM gAyatrI, uSNika, anuSTabha, bRhatI, paMkti, triSTubha, aura jagatI ina pramukha sAta vaidika chaMdoM kA nAmanirdeza huA hai| vedAMgabhUta chaMdaHzAstra kI dRSTi se piMgalakRta chaMdaHsUtra nAmaka graMtha pramANabhUta mAnA gayA hai| piMgalAcArya athavA piMgalanAga kRta chandaHsUtroM ko hI chaMdaHzAstra kahate haiN| isa zAstra kA nirdeza "chaMdovicitI' nAma se bhI hotA hai| tadanantara uttarakAlIna chaMdoM kA vivecana piMgalasUtroM meM milatA hai| ataH piMgalAcArya ke kAla ke viSaya meM matabheda hue haiN| __ vaidika chaMdoM kA sarvaprathama vivecana sAMkhyAyana zrautasUtroM meM milatA hai| usake bAda nidAna sUtroM ke prAraMbhika paTaloM meM RkpratizAkhya ke aMtima tIna paTaloM meM aura chandonukramaNI meM huA hai| zuklayajurveda meM bhI chaMdoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| piMgalAcArya kA chandaHsUtra inase uttarakAlIna hai aura usameM bhI katipaya pUrvakAlIna chandaHzAstrajJoM kA nirdeza huA hai| maharSi piMgalakRta 'chandaHsUtra" grantha ATha adhyAyoM kA hai jina meM vaidika evaM laukika chaMdoM kA svarUpa batAyA hai| isa graMtha meM varNavattoM kI saMkhyA apAra (1 koTi, 61 lAkha, 77 hajAra, do sau solaha) batAI hai| inameM se kevala pacAsa chaMdoM kA saMskRta sAhitya meM upayoga huA hai| vaidika yajJa ke prAtaHsavana meM gAyatrI, mAdhyaMdina savana meM triSTubh aura tRtIya savana meM jagatI chaMda kA prayoga hotA hai| gAyatrI chaMda ke 24 akSara aura tIna caraNa hote haiN| uSNika ke 28, anuSTubh ke 32, bRhatI ke 36 paMkti ke 40, triSTubh ke 44 aura jagatI 48 akSara hote haiN| kAtyAyana kI sarvAnukramaNI meM Rgveda ke sabhI maMtroM kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza chaMdoM ke anusAra kiyA hai| tadanusAra : gAyatrI meM 2467 mNtr| paMkti meM 312 mNtr| uSNika meM 341 mNtr| triSTubh meM 4253 mNtr| anuSTubh meM 855 mNtr| jagatI meM 1350 mNtr| bRhatI meM 181 mNtr| inake atirikta tIna sau maMtra atijagatI, zakvarI, atizakvarI, aSTI, pratyaSTI, ityAdi avAMtara chandoM meM racita haiN| ekapadA RcAoM kI saMkhyA chaha aura nityadvipadA RcAoM kI saMkhyA sataraha hai| isI sUcI ke anusAra Rgveda meM triSTubh chaMda kA prayoga adhika mAtrA meM huA hai| bAda meM gAyatrI aura jagatI kA krama AtA hai| anuSTup chaMda saMskRta ke vidagdha vAGmaya meM upayojita chaMdoM kA mUla vaidika chaMdoM meM hI mAnA jAtA hai| rAmAyaNa kI kathA ke anusAra anuSTubh kA laukika AviSkAra vAlmIki ke mukha se krauMcavadha kA karuNa dRzya dekhate hI huaa| prAyaH sabhI purANoM evaM mahAkAvyoM meM anuSTubh chaMda kA hI prayoga adhika mAtrA meM huA hai| chandaHzAstra viSayaka granthoM meM anuSTubh chaMda kA lakSaNa : 1 paMcamaM laghu sarvatra saptamaM dvicturthyoH| guru SaSThaM ca pAdAnAM zeSeSvaniyamo mataH / / 2 zloke SaSThaM guru jJeyaM sarvatra laghu paMcamam dvicatuHpAdayorhasvaM saptamaM dIrghamanyayoH / / 3 aSTAkSara samAyuktaM srvlokmnohrm| tadanuSTubh samAkhyAtaM na yatra niyamo gnne|| 4 paMcamaM laghu sarvatra guru sssstthmudiiritm| same laghu vijAnIyAt viSame guru saptamam / / ina zlokoM meM batAyA gayA hai aura prAyaH vaha pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai| paraMtu ina kArikAoM meM nirdiSTa lakSaNoM kA yathAyogya pAlana kAlidAsa mAgha jaise zreSTha kaviyoM ne bhI sarvatra nahIM kiyA hai| ataH mahAkaviyoM dvArA prayukta anuSTubh chaMdoM kA svarUpa dhyAna meM lete hue eka sudhArita lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai| vaha hai : aSTAkSarasamAyuktaM viSame'niyataMca yt| SaSThaM guru same pAde paMcamaM saptamaM lghu|| tadanuSTubhiti jJeyaM chaMdaH stkvismmtm|| 56/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaidika triSTubh chaMda se indravajrA, upendravajrA, upajAti jaise ekAdaza akSaroM ke chaMdoM kI, jagatI chaMda se, dvAdazAkSarI vaMzastha kI aura zakvarI se vasaMta tilakA kI utpatti mAnI gayI hai| vedamaMtroM ke chaMda akSarasaMkhyA-niSTha haiN| maMtroM ko caraNoM meM vibhAjita kara una caraNoM kI akSarasaMkhyA kA nirdeza karane kI paddhati rUDha hone ke pahale, chaMdogata akSarasaMkhyA kA nirdeza hotA thaa| 23 akSarasaMkhyA taka vRtta savizeSa hote haiN| Age calakara 24 se 48 akSaroM taka atichaMda mAne ge| unake Age kRtiyAM hotI haiM jina kA saprakAra ullekha vAjasaneyI saMhitA meM huA hai| anuSTabh ke 8, triSTubh ke 11, jagatI ke 12, isa prakAra akSarasaMkhyA kI vRddhi kA krama dekhate hue vaidika chaMdoM kA vikAsakrama dhyAna meM AtA hai| usI prakAra tripadA gAyatrI, catuSpadI anuSTubh, triSTubh jagatI; paMcapadI paMkti; SaTapadI mahApaGkti; isa padavRddhi ke krama meM bhI chaMdoM kA vikAsakrama dikhAI detA hai| zrI vharvAna arnolDa nAmaka pAzcAtya vidvAna ne apane "vaidika mITara" nAmaka prabaMdha meM do se ATha taka caraNoM ke zlokabaMdhoM ke anyAnya 88 prakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina meM eka hI chaMda ke caraNoM meM samAna aura asamAna akSarasaMkhyA dikhAI detI hai| yati aura gaNa prAcIna chaMdaHzAstra ne vaidikamaMtroM ke pAdoM meM yati arthAta virAmasthAna nahIM mAne the, paraMtu kucha chaMdoM meM cauthe, pAMcaveM, AThaveM akSara para virAmasthAna AtA hai| vaidika chandazAstra ke Adhunika vidvAna aise sthAnoM kA nirdeza dvibhaMgI, caturbhagI isa prakAra kI saMjJA se karate haiN| piMgala kRta chandaHsUtra meM vRttaviSayaka sUtroM meM "ya-ma-ta-ra-ja-bha-na-sa" ina akSarasaMjJA ke ATha 'gaNa' batAe haiN| ye gaNa tIna akSaroM ke hote haiN| gaNoM kI akSarasaMkhyA kA nirdeza karane vAlA "yamAtArAjabhAnasalaga" yaha eka prAcIna satra (jo piMgalakRta nahIM hai) prasiddha hai| isa sUtra meM sa paryaMta koI bhI tIna akSara lene para, unake prathamAkSara se sUcita gaNa kI mAtrAoM kA paricaya milatA hai| jaise "yamAtA" ina tIna akSaroM meM 'ya' zabda ya gaNa kA bodha lekara, usakI mAtrA Adilaghu aura anya do guru hai; yaha bodha milatA hai| usI prakAra 'mAtArA' 'tArAja' Adi akSaroM se gaNamAtrA kA nirdeza sUcita hotA hai| sUtrastha "la" kA artha laghu aura 'ga' artha guru hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke antargata sAre vRttoM kA niyamana isa trayakSarAtmaka gaNapaddhati se hotA hai| isa prakAra kI gaNapaddhati meM yati (virAmasthAna) kA bodha hotA nahIM yahI eka mahattvapUrNa doSa mAnA jAtA hai| bharata muni ke nATyazAstra meM AvartanI saMskRta vRttoM evaM mAtrAvRttoM kA vivecana hai| mAtrAvRttoM meM racita gAnAnukUla racanAoM ko 'dhruvA' kahate haiN| aneka gAnAnukUla racanAoM kA prAraMbha prAkRta evaM apabhraMza bhASAoM meM rUDha hone ke pazcAt, saMskRta kaviyoM ne unheM AtmasAt kiyaa| jayadeva ke gItagoviMda kI racanA isI praNAlI meM huI hai| chandaHzAstra viSayaka mahattvapUrNa graMtha piMgalAcArya ne apane graMtha meM koSTakI, taNDI, yAska, kAzyapa, zaitava, rAta tathA mANDavya Adi pUrvAcAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| abhinavaguptAcArya ne apanI 'abhinavabhAratI' (bharatanATyazAstra kI TIkA) meM kAtyAyana, bhaTTazaMkara aura jayadeva ke avataraNa uddhRta kie haiN| agnipurANa ke (328-34) sAta adhyAyoM meM piMgala ke anusAra chandovicitI kA vivecana milatA hai| piMgala ke pahale bharata, janAzrayI Adi zAstrakAroM kI pAMca chaMdavicitiyAM pracalita thIM, jinameM yakSarI gaNapaddhati se chaMdoM kA vimarza kiyA thA paraMtu piMgalAcArya kI chaMdovicitI sarvamAnya hone ke bAda pUrvakAlIna chaMdovicitiyAM lupta ho gii| piMgalasUtroM kI vidvanmAnyatA ke kAraNa una para halAyudha, zrIharSazarmA vANInAtha (16 vIM zatI), lakSmInAtha, yAdavaprakAza aura dAmodara ina paMDitoM ne TIkAgraMtha likhe| nArAyaNa kRta vRttoktiratna aura caMdrazekhara kRta vRttamauktika, pigalAcArya ke chanda para AdhArita padyagraMtha haiN| janAzrayI kI chaMdoviciti (adhyAyasaMkhyA 6) meM die hue udAharaNoM ko kucha aitihAhika mahattva diyA jAtA hai| piMgalAcArya ke graMtha meM 'yati' (vRttoM meM virAmasthAna) ko mahattva na hone kA doSa nirdiSTa kiyA hai| 'vRttaratnAvalI' isI ekamAtra nAma se durgAdatta, nArAyaNa, veMkaTeza (avadhAna sarasvatI ke putra), rAmasvAmI, yazavaMtasiMha, sadAzivamuni, kAlidAsa, kRSNarAja, ityAdi aneka vidvAnoM ne racanA kI hai| chandaHzAstra viSayaka graMthoM kI nirmiti saMskRta vAGmaya kSetra meM akhaMDa hotI rhii| arvAcIna kAlakhaMDa meM rAmadeva (18 vIM zatI) baMgAla meM rAdhApura ke nAyaba dIvAna yazavaMtasiMha ke Azrita kavi ne vRttaratnAvalI likhii| isa lakSaNa graMtha meM udAharaNArtha likhe hue zlokoM meM rAmadeva (jo ciraMjIva nAma se bhI prasiddha the) ne apane AzrayadAtA yazavaMtasiMha kI stuti para zlokaracanA kI hai| gopAlaputra gaMgAdAsa ne chaMdomaMjarI nAmaka 6 prakaraNoM kA graMtha likhA, jisameM udAharaNAtmaka sabhI zloka kRSNastuti paraka haiN| nAgapura ke paMDita vasaMtarAva zevaDe ne apanI vRttamaMjarI meM likhe hue lakSaNazloka lakSyabhUtavRtta meM hI likhe haiM aura usI vRtta meM likhe hA svopatta udAharaNoM meM apanI upAsya devatA bhagavatI kI stuti kI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 57 For Private and Personal Use Only

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chandaHzAstra meM padyAtmaka racanA kA vivecana huA hai| padyaracanA (1) chaMda (2) vRnta aura (3) jAti, ina tIna prakAroM kI hotI hai| sAmAnyataH chaMda akSarasaMkhyApara, vRtta akSasaMkhyA para tathA gaNakrama para aura jAti mAtrAoM kI saMkhyA para AdhArita hotI hai| vedoM meM prayukta chandoM meM kahIM laghu-gurU mAtrAoM kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyA jaataa| ataH samasta vaidika chaMda akSarachaMda hI haiN| jina kI kula saMkhyA 26 hai| ina chabbIsa chaMdoM ke do mukhya bheda haiM (1) kevala akSara gnnnaanusaarii| (2) pAdAkSaragaNanAnusArI isa meM akSaroM ke pAdoM meM niyamataH vibhakta hone kI vyavasthA hotI hai| vaidika chaMda samasta vaidika chandoM kI saMkhyA 26 mAnI gaI hai, paraMtu inameM se mA (akSara saMkhyA 24), pramA (a-saM. 8) pratimA (a.saM. 30) ye pAMca chaMda veda meM prayukta nahIM kie jaate| inheM gAyatrIpUrva paMcaka kahate haiN| avaziSTa 21 chaMdoM kA tIna saptakoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai :- prathama saptaka meM- gAyatrI, uSNik (a. saM. 28), anuSbh (a. saM. 32), bRhatI (a. saM. 36), paMkti (a. saM. 40), triSTubh (a. saM. 44), tathA jagatI (a. saM. 48), ina mahattvapUrNa chaMdoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| dvitIya saptaka meM antarbhUta, atijagatI (a. saM. 52), zakvarI (a. saM. 56), atizakvarI (a. saM. 60), aSTi (a. saM. 64), atyaSTi (a. saM. 68), dhRti (a. saM. 72), atidhRti (a. saM. 76), ye sAta chaMda yaaticchanda' nAma se prasiddha haiN| tRtIya saptaka meM- kRti (a. saM. 80), prakRti (a. saM. 84), AkRti (a. saM. 88), vikRti (a. saM. 92), saMskRti (a. saM. 96), abhikRti (a. saM. 100) aura utkRti (a. saM. 104) / ina 3 saptakoM ko nATyazAstra meM kramazaH (1) divya (devoM kI stuti meM prayukta), (2) divyetara (mAnavoM kI stuti meM prayukta) aura (3) divyamAnuSya (divya aura mAnuSa ubhaya prakAra ke vyaktiyoM kI stuti meM prayukta) yaha saMjJAeM dI huI haiN| prathama saptaka meM antarbhUta gAyatrI ityAdi chandoM ke daiva, Asura, prAjApatya, ArSa, mAnuSa, sAmna, ArSa tathA brAhma nAmaka ATha prakAra mAne gae haiN| usI prakAra ina ke pratyekazaH bheda aura upabheda bhI hote haiN| jaise :1. gAyatrA - ekapadA, dvipadA, tripadA, catuSpadA, aura paMcapadA / 2. uSNik - pura uSNika, kakubuSNika, paroSNika, pipIlikA, madhyoSNik / 3. anuSTubh - virATa anuSTubh (do prakAra), catuSpAda anuSTubh / 4. bRhatI - purastAbRhatI, urobRhatI, madhyAbRhatI, upariSTAbRhatI, 5. paMkti - virATpaMkti, satobRhatI, paGkti, viparItA paMkti, AstAra paMkti, viSTAra paMkti aura pathyA paMkti, 6. triSTubh - azisAriNI, mahAbRhatI, aura yvmdhyaa| 7. jagatI - upajagatI, mahAsatovhatI, mahApaMkti jagatI, dvitIya tathA tRtIya saptaka ke chaMda, 'aticchaMda' nAma se prasiddha haiN| ina meM se tRtIya saptaka ke kRti, prakRti ityAdi chaMdoM kA Rgveda meM abhAva hai| AcArya zaunaka (RprAtizAkhyakAra) ke kathanAnusAra gAyatrI se lekara atidhRti taka 14 chaMda Rgveda meM upalabdha hote haiN| ___ chandoM kA vRta nAmaka dUsarA varga akSarasaMkhyA tathA 'gaNa' ina donoM para avalaMbita hone ke kAraNa "akSaragaNavRta' athavA gaNavRtta kahA jAtA hai| ina gaNavRttoM meM cAra caraNa (athavA pAda) hote haiM, aura pratyeka caraNa 12 akSaroM kA hotA hai| vRtta meM cAroM caraNoM ke akSara samAna hote haiM taba use 'samavRtta' kahate haiM aura jahAM prathama-tRttIya tathA dvitIya-caturtha caraNoM meM akSara saMkhyA bhinna hotI hai, use "ardhasamavRta" kahate haiN| jahA cAroM caraNoM meM pratyekazaH saMkhyA alaga alaga hotI hai, use viSama vRtta kahate haiN| viSamavRttoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya hai| vRttoM kA vargIkaraNa vRttoM kA vargIkaraNa anyAnya prakAroM se granthakAroM ne kiyA hai| saMgIta zAstrajJoM ne vRtoM kI geyatA kA vaiziSTya dhyAna meM lete hue sAmAnyataH 60 taka vRtoM kA jo vargIkaraNa kiyA hai vaha mArmika hai| tadanusAra (a) tryakSarI gaNoM ke AvartanI vRtta / (A) cAra (athavA adhika akSaroM ke gaNoM ke anAvartanI vRtt| (i) tryakSarI gaNoM ke antarvartanI vRtta aura (u) ardhasama tathA viSama vRtta yaha cAra prakAra vRttoM meM mAne jAte hai| (a) 7 yakSarI gaNoM ke AvartanI samavRttoM meM vidyunmAlA, maNibaMdha, haMsI, caMpakamAlA, dodhaka, praharaNa kalikA, pramANikA, marAlikA (athavA kAmadA), zuddhakAmadA, lalita, indravajA, upeMdravajrA, upajAti, saudAminI, bhujaMgaprayAta, sAraMga, vaMzastha, toTaka, sragviNI, cAmara, paMcacAmara, citravRtta, vibudhapriyA, pRthvI, maMdAramAlA, sumaMdAramAlA, (vAgIzvarI), madirA (umA) hemakalA, varadA, haMsagati aura amRtadhvani, ina 31 vRttoM kI gaNanA hotI hai| 58 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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(A) cAra akSarI gaNoM ke AvartanI samavRttoM meM, viyadgaMgA, vAruNI, devapriyA, maMdAkinI aura suranimnagA ina pAMca vRttoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| (i) tryakSarI gaNoM ke anAvartanI samavRttoM meM iMdravaMzA, zAlinI, drutavilaMbita, priyaMvadA, svAgatA, rathoddhatA, yUthikA, vibhAvarI, bhadrikA, viyoginI, hariNIplutA, vasaMtatilakA, mAlinI, vaizvadevI zikhariNI, hariNI, maMdAkrAMtA, zArdUlavikrIDita aura sragdharA ina 19 vRttoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| (u) ardhasasaya tathA viSaya vRttoM meM, viyoginI, hariNIplutA, mAlyabhArA, puSpitAgrA, aura aparavakta ina kA antarbhAva hotA hai| saMgItapremI vidvAnoM kA eka aisA varga hai jo chaMdobaddha, vRttabaddha athavA jAtibaddha padya racanA kA saptasvaroM se dRDha saMbaMdha mAnate haiN| saMgIta kA vivecana karane vAle nATyazAstrakAra bharata, abhinavagupta ityAdi graMthakAra apane graMthoM meM chaMdoM kA bhI vivecana yathAvasara karate haiN| ataH vedAMga bhUta chaMdaHzAstra kI hI eka zAkhA mAnakara saMgIta zAstra viSayaka vAGmaya kA parAmarza isI adhyAya meM karanA hama ucita mAnate haiN| 15. saMgIta zAstra bhArata kI sabhI vidyA, kalA, zAstroM kA mUla sarvajJAnamaya vedoM meM hI hai| ataH saMgIta kA mUla bhI vedoM meM hI hai, yaha tathya anuktasiddha hai| cAra vedoM meM se sAmaveda gAnAtmaka hI hai| "gItiSu sAmAkhyA'' arthAta gAnAtmaka vedamaMtroM ko sAma saMjJA dI jAtI hai| gAnAtmakatA hI sAma kA lakSaNa hai| evaM bhAratIya saMgItazAstra kA AraMbha vaidika kAla meM hI mAnanA ucita hogaa| yajurveda meM "agAyan devaaH| sa devAn gAyata upavartatA tasmAd gAyantaM striyaH kaamynte| kAmukA enaM striyo bhvntiaa|" (9-1) "udakumbhAnadhi nidhAya prinRtynti| patho nighnatIridaM madhu gAyantyo madhu vai devAnAM prmmnnaadym|" (7-5) ityAdi aneka mantroM meM gAyana tathA striyoM ke nartana kA ullekha milatA hai| gAyaka puruSa striyoM ko priya hotA hai yaha RSiyoM kA mata bhI isa maMtra meM vyakta huA hai| taittirIya brAmhaNa meM "apa vA etasmAt zrI rASTra krAmati / yo'zvameghena yjte| brAhmaNau vINAgAdhinau gaaytH| zriyo vA etadpaM yad viinnaa| zriyamevAsmin tddhtH| yadA khalu vai puruSaH zriyamaznute vINAsme vaadyte|" isa maMtra se patA calatA hai ki AnaMda ke avasara para vINAvAdana usa kAla meM bhI hotA thaa| ApastaMba gRhayasUtra meM batAyA hai ki garbhavatI ke sImantonnayana saMskAra ke samaya viziSTa svaroM meM vINAvAdana karanA caahie| sAmagAna vaidika yajJa vidhi meM 'udgAtA' nAmaka Rtvik ko apane maMtroM kA gAyana karanA par3atA hai| ataH maMtroM kI gAnavidhi kA vivecana kucha graMthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| una graMthoM meM varNAgreDana, varNadIrdhIkaraNa, varNAntaraprakSepaNa, ityAdi viSayoM ke saMgIta zAstrIya lakSaNa batAe haiN| sAmagAna kI paddhati laukika saMgIta zAstra kI paddhati se vibhinna sI hai tathApi SaDja, RSabha, gAMdhAra, madhyama paMcama, dhaivata aura niSAda, ina saMgIta zAstrokta sAta svaroM kA prayoga sAmagAna ke vidhi meM hotA hai| paraMtu usameM kevala yahI bheda hai ki sAmagAna kI paddhati meM una prasiddha svaroM ke lie 1.- kruSTa, 2.- prathama, 3.- tRtIya, 4.- caturtha, 5.- mandra aura 6.- atisvarya yaha saMjJA dI jAtI hai| saMjJAbheda ke kAraNa mUlabhUta svaroM meM bhinnatA nahIM hai| sAmavedIya chAMdogya upaniSada meM hiMkAra, prastAva, udgItha, pratihAra aura nidhAna nAmaka sAmagAna ke pAMca prakAra batAe haiN| unameM se prastAva, udgItha aura pratihAra ke svaroM kA sthAyIbhAva tathA hRdayastha anya bhAvoM se saMbaMdha hotA hai| nidhAna kA saMbaMdha tAnoM se AtA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM kahA hai ki "nAsAma yajJo bhvti| na vA'hiMkRtya sAma giiyte|" arthAt sAmagAna ke binA yajJa hotA nahIM aura hiMkRti ke binA sAmagAna hotA nhiiN| RcAoM kA sAmagAna meM rUpAntara karate samaya hA, u, hA o, i, o, ho, vA, au hA i, ovA i, isa prakAra "stobha' nAmaka akSaroM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| stobha aura kruSTa Adi svaroM kI sahAyatA se hI gAyatryAdi chaMdobaddha RcAoM kA sAmagAna meM rUpAntara hotA hai| vedoM ke udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita ina tIna svaroM kA aMkana anyAnya prakAroM se hotA hai| sAmaveda meM ina svaroM kA nirdeza 1,2,3 ina aMkoM se karate haiN| usI prakAra saMgIta ke svaroM kA nirdeza 1 se 7 AkaDoM se karate haiN| adhikAMza maMtroM meM prAraMbhika pAMca hI svaroM kA prayoga hotA hai| RcAoM kA sAmagAna meM parivartana karane ke lie vikAra, vizleSaNa, vikarSaNa, abhyAsa, virAma aura stobha nAmaka chaha upAyoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ina upAyoM ke sahita, svaramaMDaloM meM gAe jAne vAle maMtroM ko hI sAma saMjJA prApta hotI hai| sAmagAna ke vividha prakAroM kA vAmadevya, madhucchAndasa, bRhadrathantara, zveta, naudhasa, yajJayatIya, ilAMga, setu, puruSagati ityAdi nAmoM se nirdeza hotA hai| prAyaH jina RSiyoM ne ye prakAra nirmANa kie, unhIM ke nAma unake prakAroM ko die hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 59 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAmagAna kara, pAmeM kI saMkhyA prAyaH alpamAtra rahI hai| ve sAmagAyaka bhI saMgIta pravINa na hone ke kAraNa Avazyaka svaroM kA uccAraNa karane meM asamartha hote the| aise sAmagAyakoM ne svaranirdeza ke lie "hastavINA" nAmaka paddhati zuru kii| hastavINA yAne saMgIta ke sAta svaroM kA karAMgulI ko aMgUThe se sparza kara nirdeza krnaa| vaidika vAGmaya meM tatkAlIna vividha vAdyoM kA nAmanirdeza huA hai, jina meM duMdubhi, ADaMbara, bhUmiduMdubhi, vanaspati, aghati, kANDavINA, vINA, tUNava, nADI jaise vAdyoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| bhUmiduMdubhi vAdya kI nirmiti, bhUmi meM nirmita kuMDa para carmAcchAdana kara hotI thii| zatataMtrI vINA bhI usa samaya nirmANa huI thii| nAradIya zikSA nAmaka graMtha meM saMgIta ke sapta svaroM kA mUla mayUra (SaDja), gAya (RSabha), bakarI bheDI - (gaMdhAra), krauMca (madhyama), kokila (paMcama), azva (dhaivata) aura hAthI (niSAda) ina ke naisargika dhvani meM mAnA hai| (SaDja mayUro vadati, gAvo rambhanti crssbhm| ajAvike tu gaMdhAra, krauMco vadati mdhymm| puSpasAdhAraNe kAle kokilo vakti pNcmm| azvastu dhaivataM vakti, niSAdaM vakti kuMjaraH / / pANinIya zikSA meM sapta svaroM kI utpatti udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita ina vaidika maMtroM ke svaroM se mAnI hai| tadanusAra gaMdhAra-niSAda - udAtta; RSabha-dhaivata = anudAtta aura SaDaj madhyama tathA paMcama = svarita hai| isa prakAra vaidika samAja ke dhArmika jIvana se saMgIta kA saMbaMdha hone se chaha RtuoM ke anusAra, chaha prakAra ke rAgoM kA vikAsa huaa| bAda meM isa meM rasikatA kA atireka hone ke kAraNa bhagavAn manu tathA jaina bauddha matAnuyAyI satpuruSoM ne samAja ko saMgIta se alipta rahane kA upadeza diyA, jisa ke phalasvarUpa saMgIta kA vikAsa evaM pracAra kuMThita sA ho gayA hogaa| prAraMbhika saMgItajJa saMgIta kA mahattva pratipAdana karate hue usakA vyavasthita zAstra nirmANa karane kA kArya nATya zAstrakAra bharatAcArya ne kiyaa| unhoM ne gAMdharva vidyA ko sAmaveda ke upaveda kI pratiSThA dii| tantra zAstrIya yAmala taMtra ke 32 graMthoM meM se kucha granthoM meM saMgIta ke aMgopAMgoM kA vimarza huA hai| yAmala taMtrAnusAra gAMdharva veda kI zlokasaMkhyA 36 hajAra thI aura unameM, "vINAtaMtra kalAtaMtra rAgataMtramanuttamam / mizrataMtra tAlataMtra gItikA taMtrameva ca / / lAsikollAsikAtaMtra melataMtra mhttrm|| ityAdi anekavidha viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA thaa| kalAtaMtra nAmaka nauveM yAmAla taMtra meM rasa, bhAva, nATya Adi kA vicAra kiyA hai| 19 veM vINAtaMtra meM svarotpatti, rAgabheda rAgoM kA kAla, dhvanibheda, tAla, zruti, laya, caturvidha vINA, melalakSaNa ityAdi kA vicAra kiyA hai| 28 veM trautAla nAmaka taMtra meM tAloM kA vicAra kiyA hai| zAradAtanaya aura saMgItamuktAvalIkAra devendra ne apane graMthoM meM sadAziva, brahmA, bharata, kazyapa, mataMga, yASTika, durgAzakti, zArdUla, kohala, kambala, rambhA, arjuna, nArada, tubaru, AMjaneya, mAtRgupta, rAvaNa, bhojarAja, somezvara, rudrasena, lollaTa, udbhaTa, zaMkuka, abhinavagupta ityAdi aneka saMgItazAstrajJoM kI nAmAvalI dI hai| bharatamuni gIta, nRtya aura nATya ina kalAoM kA savistara vivecana karane vAle saMskRta granthoM meM bharatamunikRta nATyazAstra nAmaka grantha ko agrakrama diyA jAtA hai| zAradAtanaya ne vRddhabharata aura bharata ina do nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| usI prakAra bharata nATyazAstra kI "dvAdazasAhastrI" aura "SaTsAhastrI" ina do saMhitAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| vidvAnoM kA tarka hai ki dvAdazasAhastrI saMhitA ke raciyatA vRddhabharata aura SaTsAhastrI saMhitA ke raciyatA bharata hoge| nATyazAstra kI dvAdazasAhastrI saMhitA ke 63 adhyAya aura SaTsAhastrI saMhitA ke 36 adhyAya samprati upalabdha haiN| bharata nATyazAstra ke caturtha aura paMcama adhyAya meM nATaka ke pUrvaraMga kA vivecana karate samaya, devatAprItyartha prayojanIya gIta aura nRtya ina lalita kalAoM kA parAmarza liyA hai| nRtya kI agaNita mudrAoM meM se 108 karaNa aura unake samanvaya se sAdhita 32 aMgahAroM yA aMga vikSepoM kA vicAra bharata muni ne kiyA hai| bharata muni ne saMgIta ke rAgoM kA vivecana nahIM kiyA api tu 63 jAtiyoM kA parigaNana kiyA hai| "yat kiMcid gIyate loke tat sarvaM jAtiSu sthitam" - isa siddhAnta ke anusAra samasta rAgoM kA antarbhAva "jAti" vyavasthA meM hotA hai| 'jAti' aura aMgahAra ke aucitya kA nirNaya nATyaprayoga ke sUtradhAra ne rasAnusAra karanA cAhie yaha bharata kA mata hai| nATyazAstra ke 28 veM adhyAya meM zruti, svara, ityAdi kA vivecana karate hue 22 zrutiyoM kA vibhAjana batAyA gayA hai| tadanusAra SaDja, madhyama aura paMcama tIna svaroM kI cAra, RSabha aura dhaivata kI tIna aura gaMdhAra tathA niSAda kI do zrutiyA~ 60/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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batAI haiN| sabhI zrutiyA~ samapramANa mAna kara hI bharata ne 22 zrutiyoM kA vibhAjana saptasvaroM meM kiyA hai| SaDja grAma kA paMcama svara ina donoM ke dhvaniyoM meM milane vAle aMtara ko eka zruti kA mApa mAna kara bharata muni ne 22 zrutiyoM kA sAta svaroM meM vibhAjana kiyA hai| bharata ne mAnA huA zruti kA pramANa 14 vIM zatAbdI taka yAne lagabhaga eka hajAra varSoM taka adhikRta mAnA jAtA rhaa| niHzaMka zAGgadeva kRta saMgItaratnAkara nAmaka 13 vIM zatAbdI kA graMtha, saMgIta zAstra viSayaka granthoM meM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| isa graMtha meM bhI bharata muni kA zruti-mAna pramANabhUta mAnA gayA hai| bharatottara saMgItajJa ____ 15 vIM zatAbdI meM locana paMDita ne rAgataraMgiNI nAmaka grantha likhaa| saMgItaratnAkarakAlIna svaroM meM tathA rAgataraMgiNI kAlIna svaroM meM, kAlaprabhAvAnusAra lokAbhiruci meM hone vAle parivartana ke kAraNa, aMtara nirmANa ho cukA thaa| locana paMDita ne vINApara par3ade bAMdha kara, tatkAlIna svaroM kI vizeSatA sthApana kI paraMtu svara aura zruti ke paraMparAgata pramANa meM nirmANa huI viSamatA kI kAraNamImAMsA locana paMDita nahIM kara ske| 17 vIM zatAbdI meM dakSiNa bhArata ke ahobala nAmaka saMgItazAstrakAra ne yaha tathya siddha kiyA ki sArI zrutiyA~ samapramANa nahIM hotI, unake pramANa meM viSamatA hotI hI hai| bharatAcArya ke samaya meM jAtigAyana kI paddhati thii| Age cala kara dasavI zatAbdI se jAtigAyana kI paddhati kA hAsa hote gayA aura saMgItaratnAkara ke kAla meM (13 vIM zatI) rAgagAyana kI paddhati pracalita huii| bharata ke nATyazAstra para abhinavaguptAcArya kI abhinavabhAratI nAmaka TIkA suprasiddha hai| abhinavaguptAcArya ke matAnusAra nATya aura saMgIta kA kSetra svataMtra hai| apane isa mata ke pratikUla mata vAle prAcIna TIkAkAroM ke vicAroM kA unhoMne parAmarza liyA hai| usase yaha patA calatA hai ki harSa, zAkyAcArya rAhulaka, nakhakuTTaka, kAzmIrAdhipati mAtRgupta, kIrtidhara, udbhaTa zakalIgarbha ityAdi vidvAnoM ne abhinavagupta ke pahale bharata ke nATyazAstra kA UhApoha karane vAle graMtha likhe the| unake TIkAgraMthoM meM saMgIta viSayaka zAstrIya vivecana avazya huA hogaa| zRMgArazekharakumAra ke matAnusAra 'bharata' nAma hI saMgIta kA pratIka hai| bhakAro bhAvunairyukto repho rAgeNa mishritH| takAra tAla ityAhuH bharatArthavicakSaNAH / / isa prasiddha subhASita dvArA unhoMne "bharata" zabda kI nirukti kara bharata zabda ko saMgIta kA paryAya kahA hai| bhArata kI sabhI lalita kalAoM meM rasa ko hI Atmatatva mAnA hai| jina svaragucchoM se nizcita raMjana aura rasapoSa ho sakatA hai unakA mArmikatA se vicAra kara, saMgIta zAstra evaM kalA ke prAcIna upAsakoM ne rAga vyavasthA nirmANa kii| kAlamAna ke anusAra saMgItarasikoM kI abhiruci meM parivartana avazya hotA rahA, tathApi, prAcIna saMgItazAstra ke vidvAnoM ne pratipAdana kie hue rAga Aja bhI rasikoM ke antaHkaraNa meM utanA hI AnaMda aura AlhAda nirmANa karate haiN|bRhdeshiikaar ne batAyA huA rAga kA lakSaNa, ("yo'sau dhvanivizeSastu svaravarNavibhUSitaH / raMjako janacittAnAM sa rAgaH kathito budhaiH / / ) nirapavAda hai| "raMjayati iti rAgaH'' yahI rAga zabda kI laukika vyutpatti kahI jAtI hai, aura "saMgItasamayasAra graMtha ke anusAra vahI rAga kA lakSaNa bhI hai| saMgItadarpaNa graMtha meM rAgoM kI utpatti ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki, ziva-zaktyoHsamAyogAt rAgANAM saMbhavo bhvet| paMcAsyAt paMca rAgAH syuH SaSThazca girijaamukhaat|| arthAt ziva aura zakti ke saMyoga se rAgoM kI utpatti huii| ziva ke pUrva mukha se bhairava, pazcima mukha se hiMDaula, uttara mukha se megha, dakSiNa mukha se dIpaka aura Urdhvamukha se zrI rAga kI utpatti huii| pArvatI ke mukha se kauzika nAmaka chaTavAM rAga utpanna huaa| bRhadezI grantha meM isase adhika zAstrIya paddhati se rAgoM kI utpatti kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| tadanusAra "sAmavedAt svarA jAtA svarebhyo graamsNbhvH| grAmebhyo jAtajo jAtA jAtibhyo rAgasaMbhavaH / / sapta svarAstrayo grAmA mUrcchanAzcaikaviMzatiH / dvAviMzatizca zrutaya etebhyo rAgasaMbhavaH / / arthAt sAmaveda se svara, svaroM se grAma, grAmoM se jAtiyA~ aura jAtiyoM se rAgoM kI utpatti huii| athavA sAta svara, tIna grAma, ikkIsa mUrcchanA aura bAIsa zrutiyA~, inase rAgoM kI utpatti hotI hai| abhinava-rAgamaMjarI meM rAga kI abhivyakti karane vAlA svarasamUha isa artha meM "mela" (jise Ajakala "ThATha" kahate haiM) yaha pAribhASika saMjJA batAI hai| (melaH svarasamUhaH- syAt rAgavyaMjaka zaktimAn) acala, komala, aura tIvra isa prakAra ke bAraha svaroM se grathita prakriyA ke anusAra 62 mela nirmANa ho sakate haiN| ina 62 meloM ke "janaka mela" kahate haiN| jinase 'janya saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /61 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAga' utpanna hote haiN| veMkaTamakhI ke caturdaNDi-prakAzikA nAmaka graMtha meM dAkSiNAtya (athavA karNATakI) saMgIta meM pracalita 62 meloM ke nAma batAe haiN| uttara hiMdusthAnI saMgIta kI paddhati meM kalyANa, bilAvala, samAja, bhairava, pUrvI, mAravA, kAphI, AsAvarI, bhairavI aura tor3I ina dasa meloM yA ThAThoM meM 124 rAgoM kI vyavasthA hotI hai, aisA abhinavarAgamaMjarIkAra kA mata hai| saMgItaratnAkara meM grAmarAga, uparAga, rAga, bhASA, vibhASA, antarbhASA, rAgAMga, bhASAMga, kriyAMga aura upAMga ina dasa vargoM meM rAgoM kI vyavasthA kI hai| saMgItazAstra meM 1) zivamata, 2) kRSNamata, 3) hanumanmata aura 4) bharatamata ye cAra mata prasiddha haiN| ina kA pRthak samarthana karane vAle pramukha graMthakAroM meM apane nijI matabheda haiN| saMpUrNa rAgavyavasthA ke mUlabhUta chaha rAga mAne jAte haiN| unakA mUla bheda- kAraNa hai bhArata kA Rtumaan| isa deza meM saMpUrNa varSa kA vibhAjana chaha RtuoM meM hotA hai| pratyeka Rtu meM gAne yogya viziSTa rAga mAnA gayA hai| ataH rAga vyavasthA kA mUlAdhAra RtubhedamUlaka chaha rAga mAne jAte haiN| rAga vyavasthA kA yaha siddhAMta hiMdusthAnI saMgItazAstra meM AThavIM zatAbdI se rUDha huaa| dAkSiNAtya saMgIta meM samayAnusAra rAgavyavasthA nahIM mAnI jaatii| vastutaH rAgavyavasthA kA samarthana karane vAle cAra matavAdiyoM meM eka vAkyatA nahIM hai| jaise zivamata ke anuyAyI rAgavibodhakAra somanAtha aura kRSNamata ke anuyAyI, saMgItaratnAkara ke TIkAkAra paM. kallInAtha ina ke mantavyAnusAra vasaMta Rtu meM vasaMta rAga kA gAyana prazasta mAnA gayA hai, paraMtu bharata aura hanumaMta matoM ke anusAra hiMDola rAga kA gAyana vasaMta Rtu meM prazasta mAnA gayA hai| ___ saMskRta sAhityAntargata saMgIta zAstra para graMtha lekhana karane vAloM meM vidvAna rAjAoM kI bahu saMkhyA vizeSa rUpa meM dikhAI detI hai| 12 vIM zatAbdI meM mithilA yA tirahUta ke rAjA nAnyadeva (aparanAma rAjanArAyaNa) ne bharatavArtika nAmaka bharatanATyazAstra kA bhASya sataraha adhyAyoM meM likhaa| prAcIna tAlapaddhati (jo Aja kAlabAhya ho cukI hai) kA vivaraNa nAnyadeva ne apaneM graMtha meM kiyA hai| isase atirikta 140 rAgoM kA vivecana nAnyadeva ne kazyapa aura mataMga ina prAcIna graMthakAroM ke matAnusAra kiyA hai| 12 vIM zatAbdI meM kalyANa ke cAlukyavaMzIya prasisdha rAjA jagadekamalla athavA pratApa cakravartI ne saMgItacUDAmaNi nAmaka paMdraha adhyAyoM kA graMtha likhaa| usI 12 vIM zatAbdI meM karnATaka ke adhipati somezvara (athavA bhUlokamalla) ne mAnasollAsa nAmaka DhAI hajAra zlokoM ke graMtha kA praNayana kiyaa| somezvara mahArAja saMgItavidyA ke mahAna upAsaka the| unhIM ke kartRtva ke kAraNa dAkSiNAtya saMgIta, "karNATakI saMgIta" kahA jAtA hai| devagirI ke rAjA haripAla deva ko 'vicAracaturmukha' aura 'vINAtaMtrIvizArada" yaha upAdhiyA~ unake saMgIta prAvINya ke kAraNa prApta huI thiiN| eka bAra haripAla deva zrIraMgam kSetra meM gae the| vahAM ke gAyaka aura nartaka kalAkAroM ne unheM saMgIta viSayaka graMtha likhane kA Agraha kiyaa| usa Agraha kA Adara karate hue mahArAjA ne "saMgItasudhAkara" nAmaka chaha adhyAyoM kA graMtha likhaa| 14 vIM zatAbdI meM mevADa ke rAjA hamIra ne saMgIta zRMgArahAra nAmaka graMtha likhaa| isa paMtha meM jaitasiMha nAmaka saMgIta zAstrajJa rAjA kA nAma nirdeza lekhaka ne kiyA hai| taMjaura ke adhipati raghunAtha nAyaka ne saMgItasudhA nAmaka graMtha likhA jisameM 264 rAgoM kA vivecana karate hue lekhaka ne kahA hai ki, zrI vidyAraNyasvAmI (karnATaka ke hiMdusAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka aura zRMgerI zAMkarapITha ke AcArya) ne apane saMgItasAra nAmaka graMtha meM jisa paddhati se rAgavivecana kiyA hai usI paddhati se prastuta graMtha meM rAga vivecana kiyA huA hai| vidyAraNyasvAmI kA saMgItasAra graMtha aprApya hai| chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ke pitA zahAjI saMgItazAstra ke marmajJa the| unhoMne apane Azrita vedanAmaka paNDita se saMgItapuSpAMjali aura saMgItamakaraMda nAmaka do granthoM kA nirmANa karavAyA / veda paMDita ke pitA caturadAmodara kA saMgItadarpaNa graMtha suprasiddha hai| ___17 vIM zatAbdI meM gaDhadurga athavA jabalapUra ke rAjA hRdayanArAyaNa ne hRdayakautuka aura hRdayaprakAza nAmaka do graMthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| ina graMthoM meM hRdayanArAyaNa ne locana paMDita kI rAgataraMgiNI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| isI zatAbdI ke nepAla ke nRpati jagajyotirmalla ne aneka saMgIta zAstrajJoM ko Azraya de kara unase saMgIta viSayaka graMthoM kA lekhanakArya krvaayaa| sAtha hI svayaM mahArAja ne saMgItasArasaMgraha svarodayadIpikA aura gIta-paMcAzikA jaise graMthoM kI lekhana kiyaa| 18 vIM zatAbdI meM trivAMkura (trAvaNakora) ke rAjA balarAmavarmA (rAmavarmA) ne balarAmabharatam nAmaka 18 adhyAyoM kA graMtha likhaa| isa graMtha meM bhAva, rAga aura tAla kA parasparAvalaMbitva pratipAdana kiyA hai| isI zatAbdI meM taMjaura ke marAThA nRpati tukojI bhosale ne saMgItasArAmRta nAmaka gadya graMtha zAGgadava ke saMgItaratnAkara ke anusAra liyaa| tukojI mahArAja ne nATyavedAgama nAmaka nATyakalA viSayaka graMtha bhI likhA hai| isI zatAbdI meM utkalapradeza ke pArlakimiDI ke rAjA gajapati vIrazrI nArAyaNa deva ne kaviratna puruSottama deva se saMgItazAstra kA abhyAsa karate hue, saMgItanArAyaNa nAmaka graMtha likhaa| isameM saMgItavidyA kI sabhI zAkhAoM kA vivecana kiyA huA hai| mammaTakRta saMgItaratnamAlA nAmaka graMtha ke avataraNa isa graMtha meM dikhAI dete haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti aura pAzcAtya saMskRti kI tulanA aneka viSayoM ke saMbaMdha meM hotI rahatI hai| saMgIta zAstraviSayaka graMthoM 62 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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dvArA diyA para graMtha jyotiAva veda bhagavAna meM bhAratIya nRpatiyoM dvArA diyA huA bharapUra yogadAna dekhate hue bhAratIya saMskRti kI zreSThatA kA eka aMza dhyAna meM AtA hai| pAzcAtya nRpatiyoM meM isa prakAra saMgItazAstra para graMtha lekhana karane vAloM kI saMkhyA itanI bar3I mAtrA meM nahIM hai| 16, jyotirvijJAna bhArata meM jyotirvijJAna yA jyotiHzAstra kI paraMparA atyaMta prAcIna hai| veda bhagavAn ke SaDaMgoM meM jyotiHzAstra ko netra kA sthAna diyA gayA hai- (jyotiSAsAyamana ckssuH)| vedoM kA nirmANa yajJoM ke lie huaa| yajJoM kA anuSThAna Rtu, ayana, tithi nakSatrAdi zubha kAla ke anusAra hotA hai aura kAla kA jJAna jyotiHzAstra ke dvArA hotA hai, arthAt jyotiHzAstra kAlavidhAna kA zAstra hone ke kAraNa, samyak kAlajJAna rakhane vAlA jyotirvida hI yajJa ko ThIka samajha sakatA hai| yaha Azaya, ___ "vedA hi yajJArthamabhipravRttAH kAlanupUrvA vihitAzca yjnyaaH| tasmAdidaM kAlavidhAnazAstraM yo jyotiSa veda sa veda yajJAn" / / isa suprasiddha zloka meM grathita kiyA hai| jyotiSazAstra ke dvArA sUryAdi grahoM evaM saMvatsarAdi kAla kA bodha hotA hai| isa zAstra meM pradhAnataH AkAzastha graha, nakSatra , dhUmaketu Adi jyotiHsvarUpa padArtho kA svarUpa, saMcAra, paribhramaNa, kAla grahaNa ityAdi ghaTanAoM kA nirUpaNa evaM unake saMcArAnusAra zubhAzubha phaloM kA bhI kathana kiyA jAtA hai| vedAMga jyotiSa ke Rgveda jyotiSa, yajurveda jyotiSa aura atharvaveda jyotiSa nAmaka tIna vibhAga mAne jAte haiN| Rgveda jyotiSa kI zlokasaMkhyA 36 hai aura usake kartA the lgdhaacaary| isa para somAkara ne bhASya likhA hai| vedamaMtroM meM jyotiSazAstra ke aneka siddhAMta bikhare haiN| ina maMtrastha siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para hI kAlAntara meM jyotiSazAstra kA vikAsa huaa| bAraha rAziyoM kI gaNanA, 360 dinoM kA varSamAna tathA ayana, malamAsa, kSayamAsa, sauramAsa, cAMdramAsa ityAdi viSayoM kA jJAna bhAratIyoM ko vedakAla se hI prApta huA thaa| yajurveda jyotiSa kI zlokasaMkhyA 44 hai| isake kartA zeSAcArya mAne jAte haiN| atharva jyotiSa meM 14 prakaraNa evaM 162 zloka haiN| isake pravaktA pitAmaha aura zrotA the kshyp| vedAMga jyotiSa meM pAMca varSoM kA yuga mAnA jAtA hai| eka varSa meM grISma, zizira aura varSA tIna hI RtueM mAne jAte the| bAda meM do do mAsoM ke cAra Rtu aura cAra mAsoM kI varSA Rtu milA kara pAMca Rtu mAne ge| nimeza, lava, kala, truTI, muhUrta, ahorAtra ityAdi kAlamAna vedAMga jyotiSa meM mAne gaye haiN| krAMti-vatta ke. samapramANa 27 bhAgoM ko "nakSatra" saMjJA dI gyii| caMdramA eka nakSatra meM eka dina rahatA hai| dina aura rAta ke 30 muhurta yA 60 nAr3iyAM mAnI jAtI haiN| varAhamihira ke paMcasiddhAntikA nAmaka graMtha meM jyotiSazAstra ke pAMca siddhAnta batAe haiM :--- (1) pitAmaha siddhAnta, (2) vasiSTha siddhAnta, (3) romaka siddhAnta, (4) poliza siddhAnta, evaM (5) sUrya siddhaant| inameM romaka siddhAnta grIsa deza kA aura pauliza siddhAnta alekjeMDriyAvAsI pauliza kA mAnA jAtA hai| sUrya siddhAnta ke kartA sUrya nAmaka AcArya the| isameM madhyamAdhikAra, spaSTAdhikAra, triprazrAdhikAra, sUryagrahaNAdhikAra, paralekhAdhikAra, grahayUtyadhikAra, nakSatra-grahayUtyadhikAra, udayAdattAdhikAra, zRMgonnatyadhikAra, pAnAdhikAra tathA bhUgolAdhikAra nAmaka 10 prakaraNoM meM jyotiSazAstra ke mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA vivecana huA hai| vikAsakAla I. 5 vIM zatI ke bAda jyotiSa zAstra meM horA, bIjagaNita, aMkagaNita, rekhAgaNita evaM phalita ityAdi zAkhAoM kA vikAsa huaa| isa kAlakhaMDa meM bRhajjAtakakAra varAhamihira, sArAvalIkAra kalyANavarmA (I. chaThI zatI) SaTpaMcAzikAkAra pRthuyazA, khaNDakhAdyaka evaM brahmasphuTasiddhAMta ke kartA brahmagupta, laghumAnasakAra muMjAla, grahagaNita evaM gaNitasaMgraha ke kartA mahAvIra, ratnasArapaddhati jaise graMthoM ke lekhaka zrIpati, gaNitasAra aura jyotirjJAna ke lekhaka zrIdharAcArya ityAdi vidvAnoM ne isa zAstra kA vikAsa prabhUta mAtrA meM kiyaa| I. 10 vIM zatI ke pazcAt phalajyotiSa ke jAtaka, muhUrta, sAmudrika, tAMtrika, ramala evaM prazna prabhRti aMgoM kA vikAsa huaa| ramala evaM tAMtrika kA bhAratIya jyotiSa meM praveza yavanoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa huaa| isa kAlakhaMDa meM siddhAntaziromaNi evaM muhUrtacintAmaNi ke lekhaka bhAskarAcArya (I. 12 vIM zatI), adbhutasAgarakAra ballAlasena (mithilA nareza ke putra), tAjikanIlakaNThIkAra nIlakaNTha daivajJa, muhUrtacintAmaNikAra rAmadaivajJa (nIlakaNTha ke anuja) ityAdi mahAn jyotirvidoM ne isa zAstra kI pragati kii| aneka TIkAgraMthoM kA praNayana isI kAlakhaMDa meM huaa| I. 16 vIM zatI ke bAda zatAnaMda, kezavArka, kAlidAsa, mahAdeva, gaMgAdhara, bhaktilAbha, hematilaka, lakSmIdAsa, jJAnarAja, anantadevajJa, durlabharAja, haribhadrasUri, viSNu daivajJa, sUrya daivajJa, jagadeva, kRSNa daivajJa, raghunAtha, govinda daivajJa, vizvanAtha, viThThala dIkSita, Adi jyotiHzAstrajJa hue| Adhunika kAla meM pAzcAtya gaNita zAstra ke kucha graMthoM ke anuvAda saMskRta meM hue| rAjasthAna ke mahArAjA jayasiMha ne jayapura, dillI, ujjayinI, vArANasI evaM mathurA meM vedhazAlAoM kA nirmANa kara isa zAstra ke adhyayana kI vizeSa suvidhA upalabdha kii| paMcAga jyotirvidoM evaM daivajJoM ke vyavahAra meM "paMcAMga" kA upayoga sarvatra hotA hai| jisa pustaka meM tithi, vAra, nakSatra, yoga aura karaNa, ina kAla ke pAMca aMgoM ko savistAra jAnakArI dI jAtI hai use "paMcAMga" kahate haiN| kAlagaNanA evaM kAlanirdeza, saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/63 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra paMcAMga ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| sUrya, caMdra Adi grahoM kI gati ke kAraNa, kAla ke prastuta pAMca aMga hote haiN| AkAzastha grahoM ke samayAnusAra sthAna kA patA jyotirvida vidvAna paMcAMga ke AdhAra para nirdhArita karate haiN| paMcAMga kA vikAsa yathAkrama hotA gyaa| prAraMbha meM (I. 16 vIM zatI) tithi aura nakSatra ina do aMgoM kA vicAra hotA thaa| bAda meM vAra aura karaNa kA vicAra unake sAtha hone lgaa| I. 7 vIM zatI meM pAMcave aMga "yoga" kA bhI vicAra hone lgaa| gata do hajAra varSo meM AryabhaTTa, varAhamihira, brahmagupta, bhAskarAcArya, gaNeza daivajJa jaise mahAn jyotiHzAstrajJa bhArata meM hue / unake anuyAyI varga dvArA anyAnya paMcAMga sthApita hue / Aja bhinna-bhinna pradezoM meM jo paMcAMga pracalita haiM, unakI nirmiti saura, brAhma yA Arya siddhAnta ke anusAra huI hai| ataH unameM ekavAkyatA nahIM hai| Aja bhArata meM 30 paMcAMga pracalita haiN| una meM varSAraMbha, mAsAraMbha kI ekatA nahIM dikhAI detI / mAsoM ke nAmoM meM bhI samAnatA nahIM hai| mahArASTra, gujarAta, karnATaka aura Andhra meM grahalAghava para AdhArita paMcAMga hote haiM tAmilanADu, kerala meM ArvapakSIya paMcAMga hote haiN| baMgAla, or3isA meM saura paMcAMga pracalita hai uttara bhArata meM makaraMda graMtha para AdhArita, mAravAr3a meM brAhmaNapakSIya aura kAzmIra meM khaMDakhAdya graMtha para AdhArita paMcAMga pracalita haiN| inake atirikta zrI vaiSNava smArta, mAdhva ityAdi saMpradAyoM ke bhI paMcAMga svataMtra hote haiN| ina bhAratIya paMcAMgoM ke atirikta pArasI, musalamAna aura IsAI saMpradAyoM ke bhI apane-apane paMcAMga pracalita haiN| paMcAMga meM sudhAra karane ke prayatna bAra-bAra hote rhe| 1904 meM lokamAnya tilaka ne vividha paMcAMgoM meM ekavAkyatA lAne kA prayatna kiyaa| svataMtratAprApti ke bAda bhArata sarakAra ne meghanAda sAha kI adhyakSatA meM paMcAMga sudhArasamiti niyukta kI / prastuta samiti ne 1955 meM zAlivAhana zaka kI varSagaNanA tathA Artava varSamAna svIkAra kara nayA akhila bhAratIya paMcAMga pracalita kiyA hai, paraMtu lokavyavahAra meM use abhI taka koI pratiSThA nahIM milI / phala jyotiSa se saMbaMdhita zakunazAstra, nimittazAstra, svazAstra, cUr3AmaNi zAstra, sAmudrika zAstra, ramala zAstra, (yA pAzaka vidyA) lakSaNa zAstra Aya zAstra ityAdi zAstroM para likhita saMskRta graMtha alpamAtrA meM vidyamAna haiN| vijJAnaniSTha nava zikSita samAja meM ina zAstroM ke prati zraddhA nahIM hai| jyotiSa zAstrIya paribhASA :- eka nADI strI yA puruSa ke janma nakSatra ke anusAra, Adya, madhya aura antya nAr3I nirdhArita hotI hai| janma nakSatrAnusAra jinakI eka hI nADI hotI hai, una strI-puruSoM kA vivAha niSiddha mAnA jAtA hai| dakSiNAyana aura uttraaynn| dakSiNAyana kA prAraMbha karka saMkrAMti se aura uttarAyaNa kA AraMbha makara saMkramaNa se - do ayana hotA hai| dakSiNAyaNa meM sUrya kA ayana (gati) dakSiNa dizA kI aura tathA uttarAyaNa meM vaha uttara dizA kI ora dIkhatA hai| www.kobatirth.org - do pakSa zukla aura kRSNa / amAvasyA se pauNimA taka zukla aura paurNimA se amAvasyA taka kRSNa pakSa kahA jAtA hai| tIna amAvasyA (1) ASAr3ha vadya amAvasyA (dIpa pUjA) (2) zrAvaNa vadya amAvasyA (piThorI) aura (3) bhAdrapada vadya amAvasyA ( sarvapitrI) jyotiSa zAstra meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI haiN| tIna gaNa- (1) deva gaNa (2) manuSya gaNa aura (3) rAkSasa gnn| vivAha saMbaMdha meM strI-puruSa ke gaNa kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| sAr3he tIna sumuhUrta (1) varSa pratipadA (2) akSayya tRtIyA (3) vijayA dazamI aura (4) bali pratipadA yaha ardha muhUrta mAnA jAtA hai| jyotiSa zAstra ke anusAra kisI maMgala kArya kA zubhAraMbha karane ke lie ye muhUrta lAbhaprada mAne gaye haiM / 1 cAturmAsya ASAr3ha zukla ekAdazI se kArtika zukla ekAdazI taka kA kAla / ghAta catuSTaya (1) ghAta caMdra (2) ghAta tithi (3) paMcAMga (1) tithi, (2) vAra, (3) nakSatra, (4) paMca parvakAla- (1) vyatIpAta, (2) vaidhRti, (3) amAvasyA tathA paurNimA aura ravisaMkrAMti / SaD Rtu (1) vasaMta = caitra baizAkha, (2) grISma= jyeSTha-ASADha, (3) varSA zrAvaNa bhAdrapada, (4) zarada Azvina kArtika / (5) hemanta - mArgazIrSa pauSa / (6) zizira mAgha-phAlguna kapilA SaSThI yoga = bhAdrapada mAsa ke kRSNapakSa kI SaSThI tithi para maMgalavAra, rohiNI nakSatra aura vyatIpAta Ane para kapilA SaSThI nAmaka zubha yoga mAnA jAtA hai| yaha yoga sATha varSoM meM eka bAra AtA hai| chaha kAla vibhAga (1) varSa (2) ayana (3) Rtu ( 4 ) mAsa (5) pakSa aura (6) dina / nava graha candra, sUrya, maMgala, budha, guru, zani, rAhu aura ketu / Adhunika jyotiSI harSala (varuNa) nepacyUna ( prajApati) aura plUTo nAmaka anya tIna grahoM kA bhI vicAra karate haiN| - - * Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 64 / saMskRta vAGamaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa - ghAta nakSatra aura (4) ghAta vAra / dvAdaza sthAna tanusthAna, dhana sthAna, parAkrama sthAna, mAtR, saMtati, zatru, jAyA, mRtyu, bhAgya, pitR, lAbha aura vyaya / janma kuMDalI dekhate samaya ina sthAnoM kA vicAra hotA hai| bAraha rAziyA~ meSa, vRSabha, mithuna, karka, siMha, kanyA, tulA, vRzcika, dhana, makara, kuMbha aura mIna yoga aura (5) karaNa / saMkrAMti, (4) paurNimA aura (5) amAvasyA athavA aSTamI, caturdazI, For Private and Personal Use Only

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solaha saMvat bhAratIya kAla gaNanA meM 16 prakAra ke saMvat jAte haiN| ve viziSTa mahApuruSoM ke AvirbhAva se saMbaMdhita haiM kalpa saMvat sRSTi saMvat, vAmana saMvat zrI rAma, zrI kRSNa, yudhiSThira, ddha, gAvI zrI zaMkarAcArya, vikrama, zAlivAhana kalacuri klacI nAgArjuna, baMgAla aura harSa / satarahavAM ziva saMvat zivAjI mahArAja ke rAjyAbhiSeka se saMbaMdhita hai| jyotiSazAstra ke 18 pravartaka :- sUrya pitAmaha, vyAsa, vasiSTha, atri, parAzara, kazyapa, nArada, garga, marIci, manu, aMgirA, lomaza, puliza, cyavana, pavana, bhRgu aura zaunaka / jyotiSa zAstra ke 18 siddhAMta : brahma siddhAMta, sUrya, soma, vasiSTha, romaka, paulastya, bRhaspati, garga, vyAsa, parAzara, bhoja, varAha, brahmagupta siddhAntaziromaNi, sundara, tatvaviveka, sArvabhauma aura laghuArya siddhaaNt| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 27 nakSatroM ke nAma : azvinI, bharaNI, kRttikA, rohiNI, mRga, ArdrA, punarvasu, puSya, AzleSA, maghA, pUrvA, uttarA, hasta, citrA, svAtI, vizAkhA, anurAdhA, jyeSThA, mUla, pUrvASADhA, uttarASADhA, zravaNa, dhaniSThA, zatatArakA, pUrvA bhAdrapadA, uttarA bhAdrapradA aura revatI / inameM azvinI se citrA taka 14 devanakSatra aura svAtI se revatI taka 13 yama-nakSatra kahalAte haiN| mRga se hasta taka nau nakSatra parjyanyadAyaka hote haiN| sATha saMvatsaroM ke nAma: prabhava, vibhava, zukla, pramoda, prajApati, aMgirA, zrImukha, bhAva, yuvA, dhAtA, Izvara, bahudhAnya, pramAthI, vikrama, vRSa, citrabhAnu, subhAnu, tAraNa, pArthiva, vyaya, sarvajit sarvadhArI, virodhI, vikRti, svara, naMdana, vijaya, jaya, manmatha, durmukha, hemasaMdhI, visaMpI, vikArI, zArvarI, pallava, zubhakRt zobhina, krodhI, vizvAvasu, parAbhava, pravega, kIlaka, saumya, sAdhAraNa, virodhakRta paridhAvI, pramAdI, AnaMda, rAkSasa, nala, piMgala, kAlayukta, siddhArthI, raudrI durmati, iMdubhI, rudhirodgArI, raktarakSI, krodhana ora kSaya / 17 AyurvijJAna vaidika vijJAna ke aMtargata AyurvijJAna bhI paraMparAvAdiyoM ke matAnusAra anAdi mAnA jAtA hai| Rgveda tathA yajurveda meM Izvara ko hI Adya vaidya kahA hai| vaidika gAthAoM meM vaidyaka zAstra se saMbaMdhita kucha AkhyAyikAe~ prasiddha haiM jaise- (1) azvinI kumAroM ne vRddha cyavana bhArgava ko yauvana milA diyaa| (2) dakSa kA kaTA huA mastaka phira se jur3A diyaa| (3) indra ko bakare kA zizna lagAyA gyaa| ( 4 ) pUSA ko naye dAMta diye gaye / (5) bhaga kA aMdhatva nivAraNa kiyA gayA ityAdi / atharvaveda meM AyurvijJAna se saMbaMdhita aneka viSayoM kA varNana hone ke kAraNa, atharvaveda ko hI "Adya Ayurveda" kahA jAtA hai| vaisa hI Ayurveda ko Rgveda kA upaveda tathA atharvaveda kA upAMga kahA jAtA hai atharvaveda meM asthatI, apAmArga, pRvipaNa ityAdi vanaspatiyoM kA auSadhi dRSTyA upayoga batAyA hai, sAtha hI maMtra-taMtrAdi daivI upacAra bhI roga nivAraNArtha paryApta mAtrA meM kahe gaye haiN| Ayurveda ke zalya, zAlAkya, kAyacikitsA, bhUtavidyA, kaumArabhRtya, graha, viSa ( agadataMtra ) aura vAjIkaraNa nAmaka ATha vibhAga prasiddha haiN| isI kAraNa "aSTAMga Ayurveda" yaha vAkyapracAra rUDha hai| caraka, suzruta, vAgbhaTa, dhanvaMtari mAdhava, bhAvamizra ityAdi AcAryo ke Ayurveda viSaya graMtha sarvatra pramANabhUta mAne jAte haiN| atharvavedIya pramANoM ke anusAra rAkSasoM dvArA rogoM kA prAdurbhAva mAnA jAtA hai| ataH roga nivAraNArtha atharvaveda meM auSadhimaMtroM ke prayoga batAye gaye haiN| caraka-suzrutAdi ke zAstrIya graMtho meM bhI bhUta-pizAca bAdhA ke kAraNa mAnasika rogoM kI pIDA mAnI gayI hai| pUrvajanma ke pApa isa janma meM roga nirmANa karate haiM aura isa janma meM ghora pAtaka karane vAlA agale janma meM rogagrasta hotA hai, jaise-brahmahatyA karane vAlA bhAvI janma meM kSaya rogI hotA hai| madyapAna karane vAle ke dAMta kAle hote haiM, anna curAne vAlA agnimAMdha se pIr3ita hotA hai| Adhunika AyurvijJAna meM jaMtu ke kAraNa kaI rogoM kI utpati mAnI jAtI hai| prAcIna AyurvijJAna ke graMthoM meM bhI yaha jaMtu siddhAMta mAnA gayA thaa| bhagavAna buddha ke samakAlIna jIvaka nAmaka vaidya bAlaroga vizeSajJa the| Ayurveda ke kumArabhRtyA nAmaka viziSTa aMga ke pravartaka, jIvaka hI mAne jAte haiN| vAgbhaTa ke graMtha meM pratipAdita zalyataMtra yA zalyakriyA Adhunika yUropIya zastrakriyA paddhati (sarjarI) kI jananI mAnI jAtI hai| bhAratIya vaidyoM tathA vaidyaka-graMthoM ko bAharI dezoM meM vizeSa mAnyatA thii| eka kathA ke anusAra vAgbhaTa kI mRtyu misra deza meM huI thii| caraka aura suzruta ke graMtha sarvamAnya the, ataH una para aneka TIkA- upaTIkAe~ likhI gyiiN| bAda meM nADI parIkSA, rasAyana jaisI naI zAkhAe nirmANa huI, kintu yathAvasara Ayurveda kI pragati kuMThita sI rahI rasAyanataMtra kA upayoga Ayu tathA buddhisAmarthya kI vRddhi karane meM vizeSa lAbhadAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| rasataMtrakAroM meM nAgArjuna kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / nAgArjuna ke nAma para upalabdha rasaratnAkara, rasendramaMgala, rasakacchapuTa, siddhanAgArjuna, ArogyamaMjarI, yogasAra evaM ratizAstra nAmaka graMtha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| 5 AyurvijJAna kI bhAratIya paraMparA ati prAcIna hone ke kAraNa isa kSetra meM aneka prAcIna maharSiyoM ke tathA unakI saMhitAoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hotA hai| paraMparA ke anusAra brahmA ne lakSa zlokAtmaka brahmasaMhitA nirmANa kI thI jisameM nirdiSTa 16 se adhika yoga AyurvijJAna viSayaka graMthoM meM Aja bhI milate haiN| For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 65

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brahmA se AyurvijJAna kA grahaNa dakSa aura bhAskara ne kiyaa| dakSa kI paraMparA meM siddhAMta kA tathA bhAskara kI paraMparA meM cikitsA paddhati kA prAdhAnya mAnA jAtA thaa| azvinIkumAra kI AzvinasaMhitA, cikitsAsAra taMtra, azvinIkumAra saMhitA ina graMthoM kA ullekha anya graMthoM meM milatA hai| kSIrasamudra ke taTa para sthita caMdraparvata para vividha prakAra kI auSadhiyAM amRta prApti ke lie azvinIkumAroM dvArA ugAI gayI, isa prakAra kA ullekha vAyu purANa meM milatA hai| azvinIkumAra ke ziSya indra ke dvArA pravartita yogoM meM aindriya, rasAyana, sarvatobhadra, dazamUlAdya taila aura hArItakyaleha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| indra ke ziSyoM meM kazyapa kI vRddhajIvakIya taMtra nAmaka saMhitA meM, kucha siddhayoga batAye haiN| agastya ke kucha yoga cikitsAsAra saMgraha evaM nAvanItaka graMtha meM uddhRta haiN| bhAradvAja kRta bheSajakalpa aura bhAradvAjI prakaraNa graMthoM kI pAMDulipiyAM madrAsa meM vidyamAna haiN| bharadvAja-ziSya dvitIya dhanvantari ke dvArA Ayurveda kA vibhAjana ATha aMgoM meM kiyA gayA aisI mAnyatA hai| isI dhanvantari ko "Ayarveda-pravartaka" tathA "sarvaroga-praNAzana" upAdhiyAM dI gii| dhanvantarikRta sannipAtakalikA, dhAtukalpa, roganidAna, vaidyacintAmaNi dhanvantari nighaNTu ityAdi grantha ullekhanIya haiN| punarvasu Atreya ke chaha ziSyoM meM agniveza kA taMtra vizeSa prasiddha huaa| agnivezataMtra kAyacikitsA pradhAna thaa| nADIparIkSA aura agniveza-hastizAstra nAmaka usake graMtha prasiddha haiN| Atreya saMhitA kI pAMDulipi vidyamAna hai| Atreya ke dUsarA ziSya bhela (yA bheDa) kI saMhitA prakAzita huI hai| caraka saMhitA meM zAlAkyataMtra ko Ayurveda kA dvitIya aMga mAnA hai| nAka, kAna, galA ityAdi ke rogoM kI cikitsA meM zalAkA kA upayoga hone ke kAraNa isa aMga ko yaha nAma prApta huaa| zAlAkyataMtrakAroM meM indraziSya nimi, nimi-ziSya karAla tathA zaunaka, kAMkAyana ityAdi nAma prasiddha haiN| karAla ne 96 prakAra ke netra-rogoM kA nirdeza kiyA thA, jinakA ullekha caraka-saMhitA meM huA hai| zalyacikitsA Ayurveda kA tRtIya aMga hai jisake pravartaka the divodAsa dhnvntri| inake sAta pramukha ziSyoM meM suzruta kA nAma prasiddha hai| suzruta saMhitA meM zalyamUlaka AyurvijJAna kA pratipAdana huA hai| isa saMhitA ke vRddha suzruta aura laghusuzruta nAmaka do pATha prasiddha haiN| kaumArabhRtyA nAmaka aMga kA janakatva kazyapaziSya jIvaka yA vRddhajIvaka ko diyA jAtA hai| inakI kAzyapa saMhitA (yA vRddhajIvakIya taMtra) kA pratisaMskaraNa vAtsya ne kiyaa| isa viSaya para rAvaNa kRta kumArataMtra, bAlataMtra, bAlacikitsA ullekhanIya haiN| rAvaNa ke nADIparIkSA, arkaprakAza aura uddezataMtra nAmaka graMtha bhI upalabdha haiN| Ayurveda meM "agadataMtra" zabda kA prayoga viSa-prazAmaka upAya ke artha meM hotA hai (agado vissprtikaarH| tadarthaM tantram) kAzyapa, uzanA, bRhaspati, AlaMvAyana, dAruvAha, nagnajita, Astika Adi RSi isa agadataMtra ke vizeSajJa the| rasAyanataMtra ko Ayurveda kA atyaMta mahattvapUrNa aMga mAnA jAtA hai bhRgu, agastya, vasiSTha, mAMDavya, vyADi, pataMjali, nAgArjuna ityAdi AcArya rasAyanataMtra ke vizeSajJa the| uparanirdiSTa ATha aMgoM ke samAna (1) svAsthyAnuvRtti (2) rogaccheda aura (3) auSadhi nAmaka tIna skandhoM meM bhAratIya AyurvijJAna kA vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai jisake kAraNa "triskaMdha Ayurveda" yaha payoga rUDha huA hai| caraka saMhitA meM kahA hai ki (1) hitAyu (2) ahitAyu (3) sukhAyu aura duHkhAyu ina cAra prakAroM se mAnavI Ayu kA vicAra Ayurveda kA viSaya hai| bhAratIya AyurvijJAna ke anusAra paMca mahAbhUtoM ke vikAroM kA samudAya arthAt sthUla zarIra aura cetanA kA adhiSThAna sUkSma zarIra, ina do vibhAgoM meM zarIra kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| zarIrastha paMca mahAbhUtoM evaM paMca tanmAtrAoM ke saMyoga se "paMcamahAbhUtadravya-guNa saMgraha" hotA hai aura mana, buddhi AtmA mila kara "adhyAtma dravya guNa saMgraha" hotA hai| ___ prANI dvArA bhakSita anna se jo sajIva kaNa zarIra meM nirmANa hote haiM, unhI se kapha, vAta aura pitta nAmaka tIna dhAtuoM (dhAraNAd dhAtaH) kI nirmiti hotI hai| tri-dhAtuoM kI sAmyAvasthA hI zarIra kA svAsthya hotA hai| viSamatA utpanna hone para inhIM dhAtuoM ko "doSa' kahate haiN| Ayurveda kI cikistApaddhati meM tridhAtu yA tridoSa kA vicAra atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| inhI kA prakopa hone para zarIra meM jo nirupayogI dravya nirmANa hote haiM unhe "mala" kahate haiN| viskaMdhAntargata svAsthyAnuvRttikara zAstra meM dhAtusAmya kA rakSaNa aura dhAtuvaiSamya kA nivAraNa karane kA vivecana hotA hai| rogotpati ke tIna kAraNa hote haiM- (1) asAtmya - indriyArtha- saMyoga, (2) prajJAparAdha aura (3) prinnaam| arthAta (1) bhogya tathA bhojya padArtha kA atisevana, viparIta sevana aura alpasevana yA asevana (2) svAbhAvika manaHpravRti kA haThAt nirodha yA udreka (3) RtumAna, viSa, kRmi ityAdi kAraNoM se rogoM kI utpati zarIra meM hotI hai| kapha, bAta pitta ina tIna dhAtuoM se rasa,rakta, mAMsa, meda, asthi, majjA aura zukra ina sAta sthUla dhAtuoM kI utpatti hotI hai| iname jaMturUpa doSa utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai, ataH inhe "dUSya"- kahate hai| sapta dhAtuoM meM jaMturUpa doSoM kA prAdurbhAva hI roga hai| zarIra samadhAtumaya tathA nirmala rahanA hI nirogAvasthA yA Arogya hai| 66 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Ayurveda meM do prakAra kI roga-cikitsA mAnI hai- (1) doSa-pratyanIka (doSoM kA mUlataH prazamana karanA) aura (2) vyAdhipratyanIka (vyAdhi hone para usakA prazamana krnaa)| ina donoM meM doSapratyanIka cikitsA zreyaskara mAnI hai| cikitsA zabda kA artha (caraka ke matAnusAra) rogI ke zarIra meM dhAtusAmya prasthApita karane vAlI kriyaa| cikitsA hI vaidya kA pradhAna karma hai| cikitsA meM doSa, dUSya, Rtu, kAla, vayomAna, manovasthA, AhAra ityAdi bAtoM para dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka mAnA hai| cikitsA ke anya do prakAra haiM:- (1) dravyabhUta aura (2) adravyabhUta / dravyabhUta cikitsA- auSadha, AhAra, bastI, zastra, yaMtra ityAdi ke dvArA hotI hai, aura adravyabhUta cikitsA laMghana, mardana, maMtraprayoga Adi ke dvArA hotI hai| dravya cikitsA meM svarasa, hima, phAMTa, kaSAya, Asava, ghRta, taila, kSAra, satva, bhasma, guTikA, vaTikA, siddharasAyana ityAdi vividha dravyakalpoM kA upayoga AyurvedIya graMthoM meM batAyA hai| Ayurveda ke kucha mahattvapUrNa graMthakAra evaM graMtha Ayurveda ke kSetra meM cAra mahAna AcArya mAne jAte haiN| unake saMbaMdha meM eka zloka prasiddha hai :nidAne mAdhavaH zreSThaH sUtrasthAne tu vAgbhaTaH / zArIre suzrutaH proktaH carakastu cikitsite / / arthAt roganidAna me mAdhava, sUtrasthAna meM vAgbhaTa, zarIravijJAna meM suzruta aura rogacikitsA meM caraka sarvazreSTha haiN| suzruta saMhitA- suzruta vizvAmitra gotrI tathA zAlihotra ke putra the| divodAsa dhanvantari (jo sAkSAt bhagavAna dhanvantari ke avatAra mAne jAte haiM aura jinhoMne zalyataMtra kA iha loka meM nirmANa kiyA) suzruta ke guru the| suzruta kI saMhitA meM pAMca sthAna (yA vibhAga) haiM:- (1) sUtra sthAna (2) nidAna sthAna (3) zArIra sthAna (4) cikitsA sthAna aura (5) kalpa sthAna / inameM zarIra sthAna ke antargata vaidyazikSA, auSadhamUla vibhAga, auSadhi cikitsA, pathyApathya vicAra jaise mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA vivecana hai| suzruta ke anusAra zastropacAra aura vraNopacAra kA AyurvijJAna meM vizeSa mahattva hai| asthiroga, mUtravikAra, jalodara, aMDavRddhi, tvacAropaNa, motIbindu ityAdI ke sudhAra ke lie zastrakriyA ke prayoga suzruta ne batAe haiN| zastrakriyA meM upayukta eka sau se adhika zalyazastroM kA varNana suzruta saMhitA meM milatA hai| suzruta saMhitA ke laghu suzruta aura vRddha suzruta nAmaka saMkSipta evaM parivardhita saMskaraNa prasiddha haiN| caraka saMhitA-cInI pramANoM ke anusAra carakAcArya kaniSka mahArAja ke cikitsaka the| paraMparA ke anusAra caraka bhagavAn zeSa ke avatAra mAne jAte hai| caraka saMhitA meM sthAna nAmaka ATha vibhAga haiN| (1) sUtra sthAna- isame auSadhivijJAna, AhAra, pathya-apathya, viziSTa roga, uttama evaM adhama vaidya, zarIra tathA mAnasa cikitsA ityAdi viSayoM kA vivecana hai| (2) nidAna sthAna- isame pramukha ATha rogoM kA vivecana hai| (3) vimAna sthAna- isameM ruci aura zarIravardhana kA vivecana hai| (4) zArIra sthAna- viSaya - zarIra vrnnn| (5) indriya sthAna- viSaya - roga cikitsA / (6) cikitsA - viSaya - roga nivAraka upAyayojanA / (7) kalpa sthaan| (8) siddhi sthAna - inameM sAmAnya upAya yojanAeM batAI haiN| I. chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva dRDhabala pAMcanada ne caraka saMhitA kA sudhArita saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA jisameM usane suzruta kI zalyakriyA kA antarbhAva kiyA hai| sAMprata yahI caraka saMhitA sarvatra pracalita hai| isa saMhitA kA arabI bhASA meM anuvAda ho cukA hai| vAgbhaTa - isa nAma ke do mahAn AcArya hue| unameM aSTAMga saMgrahakAra vAgbhaTa ko vRddhavAgbhaTa kahate haiN| inake pitAmaha kA nAma bhI vAgbhaTa thA aura ve bhI zreSTha bhiSagavara the| vRddhavAgbhaTa kA janma siMdhu deza meM huA thaa| inakA samaya I. 7 vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha mAnA jAtA hai| dUsare vAgbhaTa ko dhanvantari yA gautama buddha kA avatAra mAnA jAtA thaa| ve zreSTha rasAyana vaidya the| unake graMthoM meM aSTAMgahRdaya sarvamAnya hai| inakA samaya sAmAnyataH I. 8 vIM yA 9 vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| mizra ke rAjA ko upacAra karane ke hetu vAgbhaTa ko videza jAnA pdd'aa| unake upacAra se rAjA rogamukta huA aura bhAratIya vaidyaka zAstra kI pratiSThA usa deza meM sthApita huii| zAnAdhara saMhitA - I. 11 vIM zatAbdI meM zAGgidharAcArya ne isa graMtha kI racanA kii| yaha graMtha tIna khaMDoM evaM battIsa adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai| isa graMtha meM rogoM ke viSaya meM anya pramANika graMthoM kI apekSA adhika vivecana huA hai| rasAyana tathA suvarNAdi dhAtuoM kA bhasma karane kI prakriyA zAGgadhara ke graMtha kI vizeSatA hai| sAtha hI nADIparIkSA kA vivaraNa isa graMtha kA vaiziSTya mAnA gayA hai| madanakAmaratna - isake kartA pUjyapAda jainAcArya mAne jAte haiN| yaha graMtha apUrNasA hai| AyurvedIya roga vinAzaka auSadhoM ke sAtha isameM kAmazAstra se saMbaMdhita bAjIkaraNa, liMgavardhaka lepa, puruSa-vazyakArI auSadha, strI-vazyakArI bheSaja, madhura svarakArI guTikA Adi ke nirmANa kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| kAmasiddhi ke lie chaha maMtra bhI diye gaye haiN| vaidyasArasaMgraha - (yA yogacintAmaNi) - lekhaka - harSakIrtisUri / samaya I. 18 vIM shtii| Atreya, caraka, vAgbhaTa, suzruta, saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 67 For Private and Personal Use Only

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azvi, hArIlaka, vRnda, kalika, bhRgu, zeSa Adi Ayurveda ke graMthoM kA rahasya prApta kara lekhaka ne isa graMtha kA praNayana kiyA hai| isa graMtha ke 29 upakaraNoM meM AyurvedIya auSadhi se saMbaMdhita prAyaH sabhI viSayoM kI carcA huI hai| vaidyavallabha - le. hstiruci| isa padyamaya graMtha ke ATha prakaraNoM meM nimnalikhita viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| - (1) sarvajvara pratikAra, (2) sarva strI-roga pratikAra, (3) kAsa-kSaya zopha-phiraMga-raktapitta ityAdi roga pratikAra, (4) dhAtu prameha mUtra kRcchra liMga vardhana-vIrya vRddhi-bahUmutra ityAdi roga pratikAra, (5) gupta roga pratikAra (6) kuSTa viSa-madAgni-kamasodara- prabhRti roga pratikAra (7) ziraHkarNakSiroga pratikAra aura pAka-guTikAdyadhikAra- zeSa yoga nirUpaNa / dravyAvalInighaNTu - le. muni mhendr| yaha graMtha AyurvedIya vanaspatiyoM kA koza sA hai| isI prakAra kA Ayurveda- mahodadhi nAmaka koza grantha suSeNa nAmaka vidvAna ne likhA hai| AcArya amRtanandI ke nighaNTukoza meM AyurvedIya pAribhASika zabdoM kI saMkhyA 22 hajAra hai| kalyANakAraka - lekhaka- AcArya ugraadity| samaya- I. 11-12 vIM shtii| yaha graMtha 25 adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiN| isa graMtha meM rogacikitsA kA pratipAdana rUDha paddhatiyoM se vibhinnatayA kiyA hai aura auSadhoM ke sAtha madhu, madya aura mAMsa ko anupAnoM meM varNya kiyA hai| jvaraparAjaya - lekhaka- jyrtngnni| samaya I. 18 vIM shtii| prAcIna suprasiddha graMthoM para AdhArita / Ayurveda viSayaka anupalabdha graMthoM kI saMkhyA kAphI bar3I nahIM hai| mUlataH aprApya graMthoM ke udAharaNa tathA nAmollekha yatra-tatra milate haiN| 18 zilpazAstra kalpa nAmaka vedAMga ke antargata zrautasUtra, gRhyasUtra aura dharmasUtroM ke anantara zulbasUtroM kI gaNanA hotI hai| inameM ApastaMba, baudhAyana aura kAtyAyana ke zulbasUtra suprsiddh| ApastaMba kA zulbasUtra chaha paTaloM ke antargata 21 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| sUtrasaMkhyA hai 223 / ApastaMba aura bodhAyana ke zulbasUtroM ke viSaya samAna hI hai| ApastaMba bodhAyana kI apekSA meM sarala tathA saMkSipta hai| isa para karavindasvAmI (I. 5 vIM zatI) kapardisvAmI (12 vIM zatI), suMdararAja (I. 10 vIM zatI) aura gopAla kRta TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| kAtyAyana zulbasUtra, kAtIya zulba pariziSTa athavA kAtyAyana zulbapariziSTa nAma se bhI pahacAnA jAtA hai| yaha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama bhAga meM 90 sUtra sAta kaMDakAoM meM vibhakta haiN| dvitIya bhAga meM 40 yA 48 zloka milate haiN| vediyoM kI racanA ke lie Avazyaka rekhAgaNita, vediyoM kA sthAnakrama, nApane vAlI rajjU, nipuNa vedInirmAtA ke guNa tathA kartavya ityAdi viSayoM kA vivaraNa prastuta graMtha meM huA hai| kAtyAyana zulbasUtra para rAma vAjapeyI (uttara pradeza meM naimiSa grAma ke nivAsI), kAzI nivAsI mahIdhara (I. 16 vIM zatI), mahAmahopAdhyAya vidyAdhara gauDa (20 vIM zatI), ina tIna paMDitoM kI vyAkhyAeM upalabdha haiN| ina granthoM ke atirikta mAnava, maitrAyaNIya, vArAha, nAmaka zulbasUtra ke graMtha pracalita haiN| mAnava zulbasUtra meM suparNaciti athavA zyenaciti nAmaka vedI kA varNana milatA hai jo anyatra nahIM miltaa| kalpaviSayaka vedAMga vAGmaya kI saMkSipta rUparekhA dhyAna meM Ane ke lie itanA vivaraNa paryApta hai| bhAratIya zilpazAstra kA mUla ina zulba sUtroM meM mAnA jAtA hai| zilpa zabda kI utpatti zIla-samAdhau (zIlati samAdadhAti iti zilpam) isa dhAtu se huI hai| bhRgu ne zilpa kI vyAkhyA kI hai : nAnAvidhAnAM vastUnAM yantrANAM klpsmpdaam| dhAtUnAM sAdhanAnAM ca vAstUnAM shilp-sNkssitm|| (nAnA prakAra kI vastueM, yantra, yukti prayukti, dhAtu sAdhana, kRtrima padArtha aura maMdira ityAdi ko zilpa kahate haiN)| zilpazAstra ke aMtargata 1) dhAtukhaNDa 2) sAdhanakhaNDa aura 3) vAstukhaNDa nAmaka tIna khaNDa mAne jAte haiN| (1) dhAtukhaNDa meM, kRSizAstra, jalazAstra aura khanijazAstra ina tIna upazAstroM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| isa prakAra zilpazAstra ke tIna khaNDoM ke 9 upazAstra mAne gaye haiN| zilpazAstrasaMbaMdhI upazAstroM meM 22 vidyAoM tathA 64 kalAoM kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| kRSizAstra meM 1) vRkSavidyA 2) pazuvidyA aura 3) manuSyavidyA antarbhUta hai| 1) vRkSavidyA kI kalAeM sIkarAdyutkarSaNa, vRkSAropaNa, yavAdIkSuvikAra, veNutRNAdikRti 2) pazuvidyA kI kalAeM gajAzvasArathya, gatizikSA, palyANakriyA, pazucarmAtanirhAra, crmmaardvkriyaa| 3) manuSyavidyA kI kalAeM kSurakarma, kaMcukAdisIvana, gRhabhANDadi nirmANa vastrasammArjana, manonukUla sevA, nAnAdezIya varNalekhana, zizusaMrakSaNa, zayyAstaraNa, puSpAdigrathana, annpaacn|| dhAtukhaNDa ke jalazAstra meM saMsecanavidyA, saMharaNavidyA aura staMbhanavidyA ina tIna vidyAoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| saMsecana vidyA kI jalavAyvagnisaMyoga nAmaka eka kalA mAnI gaI hai| anya do vidyAoM kI koI kalA nahIM hai| 68 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhAtukhaNDa ke antargata khanijazAstra meM drutividyA, bhasmIkaraNavidyA aura saMkaravidyA nAmaka vidyAeM mAnI gaI haiN| usameM drutividyA kI ratnAdisadasajjJAna nAmaka eka kalA hai| bhasmIkaraNavidyA kI kSAranipAsana, kSAraparIkSA, snehaniSkAsana aura iSTikAdibhAjana nAma cAra kalAeM haiN| saMkaravidyA kI kalAeM auSadhisaMyoga, kAcapAtrAdikaraNa, lohAbhisAra, makaraMdAdikRti ityaadi| pRthakkaraNavidyA kI 1 kalA saMyoga dhaatujnyaan| isa prakAra zilpazAstra kA dhAtukhaMDa samApta hotA hai| 2) sAdhanakhaNDa : zilpazAstra kA dUsarA khaMDa sAdhanakhaMDa hai| isa khaMDa meM bhI 3 zAstra hote haiM jinake nAma hai 1) naukAzAstra 2) rathazAstra aura 3) vimaanshaastr| naukAzAstra kI 3 vidyAeM 1) tarIvidyA 2) nauvidyA aura 3) naukaavidyaa| tarIvidyA meM bAhvAdibhiH jalataraNam nAmaka eka kalA hai| nauvidyA meM sUtrAdi rajjUkaraNa aura paTabaMdhana nAmaka do kalAeM haiM aura naukAvidyA meM naukAnayana kI eka kalA mAnI gaI hai| rathazAstra : isa kI 3 vidyAeM 1) pathavidyA 2) ghaMTApathavidyA aura 3) setuvidyaa| pathavidyA meM samabhUmikriyA aura zilArcA nAmaka do kalAeM haiN| ghaNTApathavidyA meM vivaraNakaraNa nAmaka eka kalA hai aura setuvidyA meM vRttakhaNDabandhana, jalabandhana aura vAyubaMdhana nAmaka 3 kalAe~ mAnI gaI haiN| sAdhana khaNDa ke vimAnazAstra meM zakuMtavidyA aura vimAnavidyA nAmaka do vidyAeM haiN| unameM zakuMtavidyA kI zakuMtazikSA nAmaka eka kalA aura vimAnavidyA kI svalepAdivikriyA nAmaka eka kalA hotI hai| isa prakAra zilpazAstra ke sAdhana khaMDa kA vistAra hai| 3) vAstukhaNDaH isa khaMDa meM 1) vezmazAstra 2) prAkArazAstra aura 3) nagararacanAzAstra nAmaka tIna zAstroM kA aMtarbhAva hotA hai| vezmazAstra meM 1) vAsovidyA 2) kuTTividyA 3) maMdiravidyA aura 4) prAsAdavidyA nAmaka cAra vidyAoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| vAsovidyA meM carma kauSeya kArpAsAdi paTabaMdhana nAmaka eka kalA hai| kuTTividyA meM 1) mRdAcchAdana aura 2) tRNAcchAdana nAmaka do kalAeM hotI haiN| maMdiravidyA meM cAra kalAeM 1) cUrNAvalepa 2) varNakarma 3) dArukarma aura 4) mRtkrm| prAsAdavidyA kI kalAe~ 1) citrAdyAlekhana 2) pratimAkaraNa 3) talakriyA aura 4) shikhrkrm| prAkArazAstra : yaha vAstukhaMDa kA dUsarA zAstra hai| isameM 1) durgavidyA 2) kUTavidyA 3) AkaravidyA aura 4) yuddhavidyA nAmaka cAra vidyAeM mAnI gaI haiN| unameM kevala yuddhavidyA kI 1) mallayuddha 2) zastrasaMdhAna 3) astranipAtana 4) vyUharacanA 5) zalyahati aura 6) vaNavyAdhinirAkaraNa nAmaka chaha kalAoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| nagararacanA zAstra - isa zAstra meM (1) ApaNa vidyA, (2) rAjagRhavidyA, (3) sarvajanAvAsIvidyA (4) upavanavidyA aura (5) devAlayavidyA nAmaka pAMca vidyAeM hotI haiN| unameM kevala upavanavidyA kI vanopavana racanA nAmaka eka kalA mAnI gaI hai| uparinirdiSTa vargIkaraNa ke anusAra bhAratIya zilpazAstra eka mahAviSaya hai aura usameM 3 khaMDa, 9 upazAstra, 31 vidyAeM tathA 64 kalAoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| Aja ina zAstra-vidyA-kalAoM kA adhyayana bhArata meM hotA hai paraMtu unameM bhAratIyatA kA koI aMza nahIM hai| pAzcAtya saMskRti se bhAratIya zilpazAstra ke aMgopAMga prabhAvita ho gae haiN| aba inakA mahattva kevala aitihAsika svarUpa kA raha gayA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM likhe hue zilpazAstra viSayaka aneka graMthoM ke nAma yatra tatra upalabdha hote haiN| unameM se kucha thoDe hI graMthoM kA abhI taka prakAzana huA hai| bhAratIya zilpazAstra ke arvAcIna upAsaka sva. rAvabahAdura vajhe (mahArASTra) ne san 1928 meM zilpazAstra viSayaka graMthoM kI nAmAvalI taiyAra kI thii| usakA nirdeza yahAM kiyA jAtA hai| a) sUtra graMtha :- bodhAyana zulbasUtra, hiraNyakezI zrautasUtra, kAtyAyana zrautasUtra, gaubhila gRhayasUtra, AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra, pArAzarasUtra aura vaatsysuutr| A) saMhitA graMtha :- arthavasaMhitA, taittirIya brAhmaNa, agastyasaMhitA, hArItasaMhitA, vizvakarmasaMhitA aura pdmsNhitaa| i) purANa graMtha :- agnipurANa, vAyupurANa, garuDapurANa, devIpurANa aura brhmaannddpuraann| I) jyotiSagraMtha :- lagnazuddhi, nakSatrakalpa, bhuvanadIpikA, grahapIDAmAlA / u) gaNitagraMtha :- pramANamaMjarI, mAnavijJAna, lIlAvatI-golAdhyAya, mAnasaMgraha, vimAnAdimAna aura maanbodh| U) citravidyAgraMtha :-kalAnidhi, citrabAhulya, chAyApuruSalakSaNa, varNasaMgraha, citrakhaMDa, citralakSaNa, citrakarmIyazilpa / e) dravyavidyAgraMtha :- dArusaMgraha, kASThazAlA, kASThasaMgraha aura mRtsNgrh| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 69 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ai) pratimAvidyA graMtha :- rUpamaNDana, rUpAvarta, gaMdharvavidyA, rUpAvatAra, rUpavidhidvAradIpikA, mUrtijJAna, dhyAnapaddhati aura pratimAlakSaNa / o) upavanavidyAgraMtha :- AhaTika, vihArakArikA, zAdharapaddhati / au) vAstuvidyA :- gRhavAstusAra, nirdoSavAstu, vAstubodha, vAstumaMjarI, vAstuvicAra, vAstusamuccaya, vAstupaddhati, vAstuzAstra, vAstutaMtra, vAstumAhAtmya, vAstukoza, vAsturatnAvalI, vAstuprakAza, vAstucakra, vAsturAja, vAstukaraNa, vAstupuruSa, vAstunidhi, vAstunirmANa, vAstuziromaNi, vAstuvidyA, vAstutilaka, vAstulakSaNa, vAstusaMgraha, vAstupradIpa, vAstuvidyApati, sanatkumAravAstu, mAnasAravAstu, rudrayAmalavAstu, vizvaMbharavAstu, kumAravAstu, vAstuvallabha, vAstutaMtra, pratiSThAtaMtra, manutaMtra, nalataMtra, tvASTrataMtra, sukhAnandavAstu, pheruThakuravAstu / zilpajJAna, zilpaprakAza, zilpasaMgraha, zilpakalAdIpa, zilpa-sAhitya, zilparatnAkara, zilpAvataMsa, zilpavijJAna, zilpasarvasvasaMgraha, zilpArthasAra, zilpazAstrasAra, zilpalekhA, zilpasaMgraha, zilpadIpikA, zilpadIpaka, shilpvissy| kazyapazilpa, hanumacchilpa, nArAyaNazilpa, vaziSThazilpa kalpa, sRSTi, Anneya, bhAratIdIpa, prAjApatya, mArkaNDeya, zaunaka, vizva, auzanasa, IzAna, nagnajit, brAmhIya, vAlmIki, vajra, vizvakarmIya, prabodha, bhAradvAja, maya, aniruddha, kumAra, pANini, bRhaspati, vasudeva, citrakarma, RSimaya, sanatkumAra, sArasvata, bhAskarIya, vizvakarma, shtrughniiy| gauryAgama, paMcarAtrAgama, kumArAgama, aMzumAnabhedakAgama, guMjakalpa, dhAtukalpa, nakSatrakalpa, drumavarNakalpa, yuktikalpataru, prasAdakalpa, gautamamata, bhojamata, saura, mayamata, kArya, nAradIya, citrazAla, mahAvizvakarmIya, kApila, kAlApaka, AgniyaM, gopAsamaM, brAhmIya, bRhaspatIyaM. isa prakAra kevala vAstuzAstra viSayaka karIba 125 graMthoM ke nAma sva. rAvabahAdura zrI. vajhejI ne upalabdha kie haiN| isake atirikta yaMtravidyA viSayaka graMtho kI nAmAvalI:vimAnazAstra :- agniyAna, vimAnacandrikA, vyomayAnataMtra, yaMtrakalpa, yAnabiMdu, kheTayAnapradIpikA, vyomayAnArkaprakAza, vaimaanikprkrnn| naukAzAstra graMtha :- abdhiyAna, jalayAnajJAna, yajJAMgagraMthasiMdhu, paMcAzatkuNDamaNDapanirNaya, vaastuuttjvidhi| devAlayazAstra graMtha :- kesarIrAja, rAjaprAsAdamaMDana, prAsAdakalpa, prAsAdakIrtana, prAsAdakesarI, prAsAdalakSaNa, prasAdadIpikA, prAsAdAlaMkAra, prAsAdavicAra, prAsAdanirNaya, rAjagRhanirmANa, kesriivaastu| yaMtrazAstra viSayaka graMtha :- yaMtrArNava, zilpasaMhitA (adhyAya 18), yaMtraciMtAmaNi, yaMtrasarvasva, yatrAdhikAra, sUryasiddhAMta aura siddhAMtaziromaNi i.| khanizAgraMtha :- ratnaparIkSA, lohavarNana, dhAtukalpa, lohapradIpa, mahAvajra, bhairavataMtra aura pASANavicAra i.| taMtravidyAgraMtha :- taMtrasamuccaya, mahAtaMtra, tattvamAlA / rasavidyAgraMtha :-rasaratnasamuccaya, shaanggdhr|| prAkArazAstragraMtha :- yuddhajayArNava, bANasthApananirNaya, samarAMgaNa-sUtradhAra, vidhAtRmitra, dhanurveda, jAmadagnyadhanurveda, bhAradvAja, dhanurveda, kodnnddmnnddn| nagararacanAzAstra graMtha :-mayamata, yuktikalpataru / vRkSavidyAgraMtha :-drumavarNakalpa, vRkSAyurveda, nAkula, zAlihotra / pazuvidyAgraMtha :- hastyAyurveda, nAkula, zAlihotra / saMkIrNagraMtha :- AdisAra, mAnavasUtra, vizAlAkSa, vizvakarmAvidyA, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, jJAnaratnakoSa, nAmasaMgIta, vizvasAra, mayadIpikA, Aditattva, AryAdilakSaNa, vizvakarmaprakAza, prabodhaka, vizvakarma-siddhAMta, mahAsAra, mAnasAra, vizvasAroddhAra, aparAjitapRcchA, jJAnaprakAzadIpAvalI, vistAraka, manusAra, maMjuzrIsAdhana, vizvadharma, uddhAradhoraNI, mayajaya, mayasaMgraha, kAmikAdIpti, ratnAvalIsAra, padyataMtrakriyA, manaHzilpa, mayavidyAprakAza, vizvakarmarahasya, kSIrArNavavirAva, sUtradhAra, sUtrasaMtAna, kSIrArNavakArikA, hemAdripratiSThAmUlastambhanirNaya, mayamAyA, sakaladhikAra, kSIrArNava, mayaratnaprayogamaMjarI, prayogasaMhitA zilparatna, zrIkalAnidhi, zivaguha-devapaddhati jJAnaratnakoSa, govindakalAnidhi, jJAnasAra parAjita, jJAnakArikA, mAtaMgalIlA cakrAvalIsaMgraha, bhadramArtaNDaprakAza, vizvakarmaprakAza, Aryatattva ityAdi / bhAratIya zilpakalA viSayaka ina aprakAzita graMthoM kI yaha pradIrgha tAlikA yahI batalAtI hai ki hamAre pUrvaja isa bhautika vidyA meM bhI agrasara the| ina aprakAzita graMthoM kA gaveSaNa tathA prakAzana karane kA kArya kevala zAsakIya sahAyatA se hI ho sakatA hai| svataMtra bhArata meM baDe baDe zilpazAstra ke mahAvidyAlayoM kA aba nirmANa huA hai aura unameM zodhakArya bhI ho rahA hai| paraMtu hamAre Adhunaki vAstuzAstrajJa aura zilpazAstrajJa agara saMskRta kA adhyayana kareMge to hI unake dvArA bhArata kI isa prAcIna pragata vidyA kA paricaya karAne kA kArya ho sakatA hai| iMjiniara loga saMskRta nahIM jAnate aura saMskRtatajJa loga iMjiniariMga nahIM jAnate isa kAraNa yaha anavasthA nirmANa huI hai| 70/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa - 4 1 "purANa vAGmaya" hiMdu samAja ke kisI bhI dharmakRtya ke saMkalpa meM "zrutismRtipurANokta"- yaha zabdaprayoga AtA hai| arthAt isa samAja ke paramparAgata dharma kA pratipAdana zrutiyoM (veda), smRtiyoM (manu-yAjJavalakyAdi ke dharmazAstra viSayaka graMtha) aura purANoM meM mUlataH huA hai| zruti aura smRti meM pratipAdita AcAradharma kA vidhAna traivarNikoM ke hI lie hai kintu purANoM meM pratipAdita dharma sabhI mAnavamAtra ke liye hai| "eSa sAdhAraNaHpanthAH sAkSAt kaivalyasiddhidaH'' arthAt mokSaprApti karAne vAlA yaha (purANokta dharma) sarvasAdhAraNa hai aisA padmapurANa meM kahA hai| sadAcAra, nIti, bhakti ityAdi mAnavoddhAraka tattvoM kA upadeza purANoM ne apanI rocaka, bodhaka tathA sarasa zailI meM bharapUra mAtrA meM kiyA hai| purANa kathAoM ke kucha atizayoktipUrNa, tarkavisaMgata evaM asaMbhAvya aMzoM kI ora nirdeza karate hue unakI kaTu AlocanA kucha cikitsaka vRtti ke vidvAnoM ne kI hai, paraMtu bhAratIya paraMparA kA yathocita Akalana hone ke liye vaidika vAGmaya ke samAna purANa vAGmaya kA bhI jJAna anivArya hai, isameM matabheda nahI ho sktaa| ____ "purANa' zabda kI niruktimUlaka vyAkhyA, "purA navaM bhavati" (arthAt jo prAcIna hote hue bhI navIna hotA hai) evaM yasmAt purA hyanatodaM purANaM tena ttsmRtm| (arthAt (purA + ana) prAcIna paraMparA kI jo kAmanA karatA hai) ityAdi vAkyoM meM prAcIna manISiyoM ne batAyA hai| "sargazca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi c| vaMzAnucaritaM ceti purANaM paMcalakSaNam / / isa prasiddha zloka meM, sarga (vizva kI utpatti) pratisarga (vizva kA pralaya) vaMza, manvantara (kAla meM sthityaMtara) evaM rAjarSiyoM ke vaMzoM kA aitihAsika vRttAnta, ina pAMca viSayoM ko purANa kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| kucha apavAda choDa kara sabhI purANoM meM ina pAMca viSayoM kA savistara pratipAdana dikhAI detA hai| "itihAsa-purANAbhyAM vedaM samupabRhayet" yaha bhI eka vacana suprasiddha hai| tadnusAra vedajJAna ke vikAsa kA sAdhana itihAsa aura purANa graMtha mAne jAte haiN| "itihAsa-purANa"-- yaha sAmAsika zabda prayoga veda--upaniSadoM meM AtA hai| vAyupurANa tathA mahAbhArata, svarUpAta purANa hote hue bhI itihAsa kahalAe gaye haiN| "purANa' zabda kA prayoga Rgveda, atharvaveda, gopatha aura zatapatha brAhmaNa, ApastaMba dharmasUtra, ityAdi prAcIna vaidika graMthoM meM huA hai| azvamedhAdi vaidika yajJa-yAgoM meM sUtoM dvArA purANoM kA kathana hotA thaa| ina pramANoM se purANoM kI prAcIna paraMparA siddha hotI hai| upaniSadoM meM itihAsapurANa ko "paMcamaveda" kahA hai| viSNupurANa meM kahA hai ki "AkhtA naizcApyupAkhyAnairgAthAbhiH klpshuddhibhiH| purANasaMhitAM cakre purANArthavizAradaH" / arthAt purANoM ke marmajJa (vyAsa) ne AkhyAnoM, upAkhyAnoM, gAthAoM aura kalpazuddhi (AcAra vidhi) ina upakaraNoM se yukta purANasaMhitA kA nirmANa kiyA aura apane pramukha ziSya romaharSaNa ko usakA adhikAra diyaa| romaharSaNa ne apane pramukha chaha ziSyoM ko yaha saMhitA pddhaaii| isa prakAra aThAraha purANa saMhitAoM kA vistAra huaa| ina aThAraha nAmoM kA saMgraha eka sUtrAtmaka zloka meM kiyA gayA hai : ma-draya bha-dvayaM caiva bra-trayaM v-ctussttym| a-nA-pa-liMga-kU-skAni purANAni pRthak pRthak / / artha madyaM = matsya, maarknnddey| bhadvayaM-bhaviSya, bhaagvt| batrayaM brahma, brahma-vaivarta, brahmANDa, / vayacatuSTayam = varAha, vAmana, vAyu, vissnnu| a-agni / nA = naard| p-pdm| liN-liNg| g-grudd| kuu-krm| sk-skNd| isa prakAra AdyAkSaroM se pRthak pRthak purANoM kI nAmAvalI kA kathana huA hai| padmapurANa meM ina aTharAha purANoM kA triguNoM ke anusAra trividha vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| 1) sAttvika purANa : viSNu, nArada, bhAgavata, garuDa, padma aura varAha / 2) rAjasa purANa : brahma, brahmANDa, brahmavaivarta, mArkaNDeya, bhaviSya aura vAmana / 3) tAmasa purANa : matsya, kUrma, liMga, vAyu, skanda aura agni| sAmAnyataH sAttvika purANa viSNu mAhAtmya paraka, rAjasa purANa brahmAviSayaka aura tAmasa purANa ziva viSayaka hai| bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra aTharAha purANoM kI zlokasaMkhyA nimnaprakAra hai : 1) brahmapurANa - 10 sahastra 3) viSNu - 23 " 5) bhAgavata - 18" 2) padma - 55 sahastra 4) ziva - 24 " 6) bhaviSya - 14,500 gaMmkata vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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7) nArada - 25 " 11) liMga - 11" 15) kUrma - 17 " 8) mArkaNDeya - 41 " 12) varAha - 24 " 16) matsya - 14 " 9) agni - 14,500 13) skaMda - 81,100 17) garuDa - 19 " 10) brahmavaivarta - 18 " 14) vAmana - 10 " 18) brahmANDa - 12 " purANoM kI zlokasaMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM meM bhatabheda hai| tathApi 18 purANoM kI saMkhyA kula milAkara 40 lakSa 20 hajAra se adhika mAnI jAtI hai| devI bhAgavata meM 18 upapurANoM ke nAma diye haiN| prAcInatA athavA maulikatA ke vicAra se upapurANoM kA bhI mahattva purANoM ke samAna hai| upapurANoM ke nAma haiM : sanatkumAra, narasiMha, nandI, zivadharma, durvAsA, nAradIya, kapila, mAnava, uSanas brahmANDa, varuNa, kAlikA, vasiSTha, liMga, mahezvara, sAmba, saura, parAzara, mArIca aura bhArgava / inake atirikta anya purANoM ke bhI nAma milate hai jaise Adi, Aditya, mudgala, kalki, devIbhAgavata, bRhaddharma, parAnanda, pazupati, harivaMza tathA viSNudharmottara i. jaina vAGmaya meM jina graMthoM meM jaina paMthI mahApuruSoM ke caritra varNita haiM unheM purANa kahA jAtA hai| 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva ina mahApuruSoM ko jaina paraMparA meM "zalAkApuruSa' kahate haiN| ina ke caritra jina graMthoM meM varNita haiM, unakI saMkhyA hai 24 / ina cauvIsa graMthoM ko digambara loga "purANa' kahate hai jaba ki zvetAmbara samAja meM unhIM ko caritra kahA jAtA hai| jainapurANoM ke nAma haiM : AdipurANa, ajitanAtha0, saMbhavanAtha0, abhinaMda0, sumatinAtha0, pAprabha0, supArzva0, candraprabha0, puSpadanta0, zItalanAtha0, zreyAMsa0, vAsupUjya0, vimalAnAtha anantajita0, dharmanAtha0, zAntinAtha0, kunthunAtha0, amaranAtha0, mallinAtha0, munisuvrata0, neminAtha0, pArzvanAtha0, aura sammatipurANa / bauddha vAGmaya meM purANasadRza graMtha nahIM haiN| vaidika purANoM meM padma, bhAgavata, nArada, soma evaM sAmba ina pAMca purANoM ko "mahApurANa'' kahate haiN| paramparA ke anusAra pratyeka purANa kI jo kucha zlokasaMkhyA batAI gaI hai, utane zloka Aja ke upalabdha purANoM meM nahIM milte| viSNupurANa kI viSNucittI evaM vaiSNavAkRta-caMdrikA nAmaka TIkAoM meM 6 hajAra se lekara 24 hajAra taka viSNupurANa kI zloka saMkhyA kA nirdeza hai, paraMtu donoM TIkAeM kevala 6 hajAra zloka vAle viSNupurANa kI TIkA karate haiN| kUrmapurANa ke bhI 6 hajAra zloka milate haiN| brahmapurANa meM 14 hajAra zloka milate haiN| dUsarI ora skandapurANa ke saMskaraNa meM 81 hajAra se adhika zloka pAye jAte haiN| pro. hAjarA ke anusAra samasta upapurANoM kI kula saMkhyA eka sau taka hai| ina meM se bahuta hI alpa prakAzita ho sake haiM, aura jo prakAzita hue haiM, unameM purANoM ke 'paMcalakSaNa'' nahIM milte| sabhI purANoM meM kevala viSNupurANa meM 'paMcalakSaNa'' samyak rUpa meM milate haiN| anyatra rAjAoM ke vaMzoM kA varNana, vIroM ke sAhasika karma, gAthAeM ityAdi viSayoM ke sAtha vrata, zrAddha, tIrthayAtrA aura dAna ina cAra dharmazAstrIya viSayoM para prabhUta mAtrA meM vivaraNa kiyA gayA hai| zrImadbhAgavata purANa ke dasa lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM : "atra sargo visargazca sthAnaM poSaNamRtayaH / manvantarezAnukathA nirodho muktirAzrayaH / / (bhAgavata-2-10-1) ina dasa viSayoM kA pratipAdana zrImadbhAgavata meM hone ke kAraNa, anya paMcalakSaNI purANoM se isa kA mahatva vizeSa mAnA jAtA hai| 12 skandhoM meM vibhAjita 18 hajAra zlokoM kA bhAgavata purANa Aja sarvatra pracAra meM hai| isa purANa meM pratipAdita bhaktipradhAna tathA advaitaniSTha dharma ko "bhAgavata dharma'' kahate haiN| bhAgavata meM kapila-devahUti saMvAda. sanatkumAra-pRthu saMvAda puraMjanopAkhyAna, ajAmilopAkhyAna, yayAti AkhyAna, nArada-vasudeva saMvAda aura zrIkRSNA-uddhava saMvAda ityAdi sthAnoM para atyaMta mArmika tattvopadeza kiyA gayA hai| saMpUrNa bhAgavata purANa atyaMta kAvyamaya hai, phira bhI dazama skandha meM veNugIta, gopIgIta, yugulagIta, mahiSIgIta evaM saMpUrNa rAsapaMcAdhyAyI meM aisI apratima kAvyAtmatA prakaTa huI jo anyatra mahAkAvyoM meM bhI nahIM miltii| saMpUrNa graMtha meM jitane bhI bhagavatstotra milate hai, unameM sAMkhyadarzana kI paribhASA evaM siddhAnta kA anusaraNa karate hue bhaktipUrNa vedAntarahasya pratipAdana huA hai| isa purANa meM sarvatra pAMDitya itanI adhika mAtrA meM bikharA hai ki usake kAraNa vidyAvatAM bhAgavate parIkSA" yaha subhASita prasiddha huaa| isI kAraNa bhAgavata purANa para jitane vividha TIkA graMtha likhe gaye, utane anya kisI purANa para nahIM likhe gye| ina saba TIkAoM meM zrIdhara svAmI kI bhAvArthabodhinI (yA zrIdharI) TIkA sarvotkRSTa mAnI jAtI hai| Adhunika vidvAna purANoM kA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra karate haiM : 1) jJAnakozAtmaka purANaH agni, garuDa evaM naardiiy| 2) tIrthoM se saMbaMdhita : padma, skanda evaM bhaviSya 3) sAmpradAyika : liMga, vAmana, maarknnddey| 4) aitihAsika : vAyu evaM brahmANDa / saMbhavataH vAyu, brahmANDa, matsya evaM viSNu, vidyAmAna purANoM meM sabase prAcIna mAne jAte haiN| Adhunika kAla meM pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne samagra purANa vAGmaya kA cikitsaka dRSTi se paryAlocana karane kA abhinaMdanIya kArya kiyA hai| sa vidvAnoM meM epha, i. pArjiTara, DablyU. kirphela, esa. sI. hAjarA, vhI. Ara. rAmacaMdra dIkSitara, DaoN. e. DI. pusALakara, esa. ema. pradhAna evaM bhArataratna pAM. vA. kANe ityAdi vidvAnoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne aneka paurANika vaktavyoM meM dopahI dekhe aura unheM avyAvahArika mAna kara chor3a diyaa| unhoMne sarvatra bhAratIya viSayoM meM prAcIna tithiyAM nirdhArita karane meM saMkocavRtti PHRADHA 72 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pradarzita kI hai| ve purANoM evaM mahAbhArata ke jyotiHzAstrIya vaktavyoM meM yathArthatA nahIM mAnate aura jahAM yathArthatA dIkhatI hai vahAM "prakSepa' (iMTarapolezana) mAnakara, nirAkRta kara dete haiN| pArajiTara ne to yaha bhI kaha diyA hai ki purANa graMtha prAkRta bhASIya graMthoM ke saMskRta rUpAntara haiN| kirphela ne pArjiTara ke isa mata kA virodha kiyA hai| purANoM evaM upapurANoM ke aMtaraMga kA parIkSaNa karane vAloM ko una kI nirmiti meM kucha kramika vikAsa dikhAI detA hai| isI kAraNa purANoM ke kAla nirdhAraNa ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda dikhAI detA hai| paraMparAvAdI mata kA ullekha upara kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika cikitsakoM meM bhArataratna ma.ma. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe kA mata pratipAdana hameM ucita lgaa| ataH vaha yahAM uddhRta karate haiM: ___ "atharvaveda, zatapatha brAhmaNa evaM prAcIna upaniSadoM meM ullikhita "purANa' ke viSaya meM hameM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai, kintu itanA spaSTa hai ki purANa ne vedoM ke samAna hI punItatA ke pada ko prApta kara liyA thA aura vaidika kAla meM vaha itihAsa ke sAtha gahare rUpa se saMbaMdhita thaa| purANa sAhitya ke vikAsa kI yaha prathama sIr3hI thI kintu hama prAcIna kAloM ke purANa ke bhItara ke viSayoM ko bilkula nahIM jaante| taittirIya AraNyaka ne "purANAni" kA ullekha kiyA hai, ataH usa ke samaya meM kama se kama tIna purANa to avazya rahe hoMge kyoM ki yaha nirdeza bahuvacana meM hai| ApastaMba dharmasUtra ne eka purANa se cAra zloka uddhRta kiye haiM aura eka purANa ko bhaviSyat purANa nAma se pukArA hai jisase prakaTa hotA hai ki pAMcavI yA cauthI I.pU. zatI taka kama se kama bhaviSyat purANa nAmaka purANa thaa| aura anya purANa rahe hoMge, yA eka aura purANa rahA hogA jisameM sarga evaM pratisarga sAtha kucha smRti ke viSaya rahe hoNge| ise hama purANa sAhitya ke vikAsa kI dUsarI sIDhI kaha sakate hai jisake viSaya ke bAre meM hameM kucha thoDA bahuta jJAta hai| mahAbhArata ne saikaDoM zloka uddhRta kiye haiM, jinameM kucha to paurANika viSayoM kI gandha rakhate haiM aura kucha paurANika paridhi meM A jo hai| kucha udAharaNa diye jA rahe haiM : vana parva meM vizvAmitra kI atimAnuSI vibhUti ke viSaya meM evaM unake isa kathAnaka ke viSaya meM (ki ve brAhmaNa haiM) do zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| anuzAsana parva meM kucha aisI gAthAeM uddhRta kI haiM jo pitaroM dvArA putroM kI mahattA ke viSaya meM gAyI gayI haiN| ye gAthAeM zabdoM evaM bhAvoM meM isI viSaya meM kahe gaye paurANika vacanoM se mela rakhatI haiN| yAjJavalkya ne (1/3) purANa ko dharmasAdhanoM meM eka sAdhana mAnA hai jisase yaha siddha hotA hai ki kucha aise purANa, jina meM smRti kI bAteM pAyI jAtI thI, usa smRti (arthAta yAjJavalkya smRti) se pUrva hI arthAt dUsarI yA tIsarI zatI meM praNIta ho cuke the| purANasAhitya ke vikAsa kI yaha tIsarI sIDhI hai| yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki, vartamAna matsya purANa maulika rUpa se kama likhA gayA, kintu yaha tIsarI zatI ke madhya meM yA anta meM saMzodhita huA kyoM ki isameM Andhra vaMza ke adhaHpatana kI carcA to hai, kintu guptoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| kintu yaha saMbhava hai ki matsya kA bIja isa ke kaI zatiyAM purAnA ho| yahI bAta vAyu evaM brahmANDa ke sAtha bhI hai| ye donoM lagabhaga I. 320-335 ke AsapAsa saMgRhita yA saMvardhita hue; kyoM ki inhoMne guptoM kI ora saMketa to kiyA hai kintu gupta rAjAoM ke nAma nahIM liye haiN| Aja ke rUpa meM ye donoM (vAyu evaM brahmANDa) purANa vikAsa kI tIsarI sIr3hI meM hI rakhe jAte haiN| mahApurANoM meM adhikAMza 5 vIM yA chaTI zatI aura 9 vIM zatI ke bIca meM praNIta hue yA pUrNa kiye gye| yaha hai purANa sAhitya ke vikAsa kI cauthI siiddh'ii| upapurANoM kA saMgraha 7 vIM yA 8 vIM zatAbdI ke AraMbha se huA aura unakI saMkhyA 13 vIM zatI taka yA isake Age taka bar3hatI gyii| yaha hai purANa sAhitya ke vikAsa kI aMtima siiddhii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki purANoM ne hiMdu samAja ko IsA ke pUrva kI zatiyoM ke kucha uparAnta se 17 vIM yA 18 vIM zatI taka kiMbahunA Aja bhI prabhAvita kiyA huA hai| navIM zatI ke uparAnta koI anya mahApurANa nahIM prakaTa hue kintu atirikta viSayoM kA samAveza kucha purANoM meM hotA rahA, jisakA sabase burA udAharaNa hai bhaviSya purANa kA tRtIya bhAga, jisameM Adama evaM Iva, pRthvIrAja eva jayacandra, taimUra, akabara, caitanya, bhaTTojI, nAdirazAha Adi kI kahAniyA~ bhara dI gayI haiN| purANa zabda Rgveda meM eka darjana se adhika bAra AyA hai| vahAM yaha vizeSaNa hai aura isakA artha hai prAcIna, purAtana yA vRddha / jaba purANa prAcIna kathAnakoM vAle grantha kA dyotaka ho gayA to "bhaviSyat purANa" kahanA spaSTa rUpa se Atmavirodha (yA vadatovyAghAta) kA paricAyaka ho gyaa| kintu isa virodha para dhyAna nahIM diyA gyaa|" (bhArata ratna ma. ma. DaoN. pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe kRta dharmazAstra kA itihaas| hindI anuvAda caturtha bhAga pR. 397-98) 2 "purANokta dharma" purANoM kA vedoM se dRDha saMbaMdha hai| prAyaH sabhI purANa tathA upapurANa vedAnukUla haiN| isI kAraNa sanAtana dharmiyoM ke pratyeka dhArmika kRtya ke prAraMbha meM zrutismRti-purANoktaphalaprAptyartha karma kariSye" yaha saMkalpavAkya uccArita hotA hai| vAyupurANa meM aisA balapUrvaka kahA hai ki yo vidyAccaturo vedAn sAMgopaniSado dvijaH / na cet purANaM saMvidyAd naiva sa syAd vicakSaNaH / / 1-200 / / arthAt jo vaidika vidvAna cAroM vedoM kA, unake chaH aMgoM evaM upaniSadoM ke sAtha jJAna prApta karatA hai, kintu vaha purANoM Adi ko kaNa kA tRtIya hue kintu mA zatI taka hai aura saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/73 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kA jJAna nahIM prApta karatA, to vaha 'vicakSaNa' arthAta marmajJa nahIM hogaa| yahI bhAva anya purANoM meM bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai| isa kA yahI tAtparya hai ki vedoM meM pratipAdita jJAnakANDa evaM karmakANDa kA mArmika jJAna dene vAle graMtha purANa hI haiN| bauddha dharma ke hAsakAla meM "janatA kA AkarSaNa purANokta dharma kI ora bar3ha gyaa| purANokta dharma sabhI vargoM evaM jAtiyoM ke lie AcaraNIya hone ke kAraNa, vaha eka dRSTi se bhArata kA rASTrIya dharma sA ho gyaa| purANoM ne buddha ko bhagavAn viSNu ke dasa avatAroM meM rAma kRSNa ityAdi vibhUtiyoM ke sAtha pUjanIya maanaa| bauddha dharma ke ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha jaise prANabhUta siddhAntoM ko apane dharmavicAroM meM agrakrama dene ke kAraNa tathA unake sAtha bhagavadbhakti kA paramAnaMdadAyaka muktisAdhana sabhI mAnavamAtra ke liye AgrahapUrvaka pratipAdana karane ke kAraNa isa deza kI bauddha matAnuyAyI bahusaMkhya janatA purANokta dharma ke prati AkRSTa ho gyii| bhArata ke bAhara bhI aneka dezoM ke sAMskRtika jIvana para rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata kA gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| jAvA, sumAtrA, kAmboDiyA jaise sudUra pUrvavartI dezoM meM bauddha dharma ke nhAsa ke sAtha islAma kA prabhAva bar3hane para bhI, una dezoM kI nRtya, nATya Adi kalAoM meM Aja bhI rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata jaise zreSTha purANa sadRzya graMthoM kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| bhArata ke madhyayugIna itihAsa meM islAmI AkramakoM ke ghora amAnavIya atyAcAroM ke kAraNa isa deza ke vaiyaktika pArivArika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM jo bhI dhArmikatA jIvita raha sakI, usakA svarUpa "purANokta" hI thaa| isa kAla meM yajJa-yAgAtmaka vedokta karmakANDa kA tathA tAMtrika kriyAoM kA purANokta dharmavicAroM kA prabhAva, vaidika karmamArga tathA bauddhika nItimArga para paDA aura prAyaH sArA bhAratIya samAja purANokta dharmAnugAmI bnaa| brAhmaNoM ke dhArmika kRtyoM meM vaidika maMtroM ke sAtha paurANika maMtra bhI vyavahuta hone lge| zUdroM tathA striyoM ko rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata evaM anya purANoM ke paDhane kA adhikAra purANokta dharma ke puraskartAoM ne diyaa| sAtha hI anya varNiyoM ke samAna devapUjA karane evaM apane vratoM evaM utsavoM meM paurANika mantroM kA prayoga karane kA bhI adhikAra unheM milaa| arthAt isa viSaya meM kucha dharmazAstriyoM ne apane anyAnya mata bAda meM vyakta kiye haiN| vedoM, jaiminisUtroM, vedAntasUtroM jaise prAcIna dharmagranthoM ne isa bAta para kabhI vicAra nahIM kiyA ki striyAM evaM zUdra kisa prakAra ucca AdhyAtmika jIvana evaM aMtima suMdara gati prApta kara sakate haiN| unhoMne striyoM aura zUdroM ko veda upaniSadoM ke adhyayana kA anadhikArI mAnA hai| isa kAraNa zUdra samAja kA dhyAna bhagavAn buddha ke dharma kI ora AkRSTa huaa| purANoM ne sarvaprathama prAcIna paraMparAgata saMkucita evaM kRpaNa dRSTikoNa ko parivartita kiyaa| "sve sve karmaNyabhirataH saMsiddhiM labhate naraH" athavA yataH pravRttirbhUtAnAM yena sarvamidaM ttm| svakarmaNA tamabhyarcya siddhiM vindati mAnavaH" (gItA- 18/45-46) isa prakAra ke bhagavadgItA ke vacanoM meM purANa-dharma kA sArasarvasva batAyA gayA hai| ekAdazIvrata, zrAddhavidhi, kRSNajanmASTamI jaise sAmAjika mahotsava, tIrthayAtrA, tIrthasnAna, nAmajapa, atithisatkAra, annadAna, jaise sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa vyakti ko AcaraNIya dhArmika vidhi aura sabase adhika paramAtmA kI sadbhAva pUrNa ananya bhakti ina para atyadhika bala dekara purANoM ne bhArata ke paraMparAgata dharma meM spRhaNIya parivartana kiyA aura use sarvavyApaka svarUpa diyaa| dharmAcaraNa ke ina vidhiyoM kA mahattva saikaDoM AkhyAnoM, upAkhyAnoM evaM kathAoM dvArA sAmAnya janatA ko smjhaayaa| purANokta dharma ke bhakti siddhAnta ne hiMdusamAja ke sabhI daloM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| bauddhoM ke mahAyAna sampradAya ne tathA jaina saMpradAyoM ne bhI isa bhakti siddhAnta kA svAgata kiyaa| islAma evaM IsAI dharma meM bhI bhaktivAda kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai, paraMtu usa bhakti kA svarUpa saMkucita tathA asahiSNu sA hai| purANokta bhakti navavidhA hai aura usameM upAsya devatA ke viSaya meM anAgraha hai| ___ "AkAzAt patiyaM toyaM yathA gacchati saagrm| sarvadevanamaskAraH kezavaM pratigacchati / / athavA ye'pyanyadevatAbhaktA yajante shrddhyaanvitaaH| te'pi mAmeva kaunteya yjnyvidhipuurvkm|| (gItA- 9/23) isa artha ke aneka audAryapUrNa vacana purANa granthoM meM milate haiM jinake dvArA purANokta bhaktimArga kI vyApakatA vyakta hotI hai| isa udAratA yA vyApakatA kA mUla Rgveda ke ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti / agniM yamaM mAtarizvAnamAhuH / / arthAt sat tattva eka mAtra hai, vidvAn loga use agni, yama, mAtarizvA (vAyu) ityAdi aneka nAmoM se purakArate haiM isa mantra meM batAyA jAtA hai| 3 "purANokta AkhyAna" purANa vAGmaya kA vistAra evaM usake antargata Aye hue viSayoM ke prakAra, saMkSipta paricaya ke lie bhI eka pradIrgha viSaya hotA hai| prastRta koza meM yathAsthAna saMkSepataH purANoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| yahAM hama kevala purANAntargata AkhyAnoM evaM kathAoM kA yathAkrama saMketamAtra karate haiN| paraMparAnusAra purANoM kA jo krama mAnA jAtA hai tadanusAra yahAM saMketa diyA gayA hai| purANoM kI zlokasaMkhyA vivAdya hai, paraMtu adhyAyoM kI saMkhyA nizcita sI hai| ataH yahAM adhyAya-saMkhyA kA nirdeza kiyA hai| dazIvrata, zrAbhakti ko Acara ke paraMparAgata khyAnoM evaM 74/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1) 2) brahmapurANa kula adhyAya-245: 1) pArvatI upAkhyAna (adhyAya 30-50 ) 2) zrIkRSNa caritra (adhyAya 180-212) padmapurANa- kula adhyAya-641: 1) samudramaMthana, 2) vRtrAsurasaMgrAma, 3) vAmanAvatAra, 4) mArkaNDeya evaM kArtikeya kI utpatti, 5) rAma - caritra 6) tArakAsuravadha, 7 ) skanda-vivAha, 8) viSNu-caritra (sRSTikhaMDa paMcamaparva) 9) somazarmA kI kathA, 10) sakulA kI kathA, 11 ) cyavana kA AkhyAna (bhUmikhaMDa), 12) zakuntalopAkhyAna, 13) urvazI pururavA - upAkhyAna, (svargakhaMDa), 14 ) rAmAyaNa kathA, 15) zRMgI RSi kI kathA, 16) uttararAmacaritra kI kathA, 17) bhAgavata mahimAkhyAna (pAtAlakhaMDa), 18) rAmakathA, 19 ) kRSNakathA / www.kobatirth.org 3) viSNu purANa- kula adhyAya-126 : 1) dhruva - prahlAda caritra, 2) aneka kAlpanika kathAeM (prathama aMza), 3) rAjA bharata kI kathA, 4) urvazI- pururavA AkhyAna, 5) yayAti kathA, 6) mahAbhArata kI kathA, 7) rAmacaritra ( tRtIya aMza ), 8 ) zrIkRSNa caritra (paMcama aMza) 4) vAyupurANa kula adhyAya 112 : 1) kRSNa-rAdhA - caritra ( a. 104) 2 ) gadAdhara (viSNu) AkhyAna (a. 105-112) 5) bhAgavata purANa- kula adhyAya-335 : 9) 12) 1) zukadeva kI kathA, 2) parIkSita kA AkhyAna, 3) nArada ke pUrvajanma kI kathA, 4) mahAbhArata yuddha kI kathA, draupadI ke putroM kI hatyA, 5) parIkSita janma kathA, 6) yAdavoM kA saMhAra, 7) zrIkRSNa kA paramadhAma gamana ( skanda 1 ) / 8 ) kacchapAvatAra kathA, 8) nRsiMhAvatAra kathA, (skaMdha 2 ) / varAha avatAra kI kathA, 10) hiraNyakazipu aura hiraNyAkSa kI kathA, 11) kardama-devahUti kI kathA ( skandha 3 ) / satI kI kathA, 13) dhruva kI kathA, 14 ) rAjA vena kI kathA, 15) rAjA pRthu kI kathA, 16) puraMjanopAkhyAna ( skandha 4 ) 17 ) priyavrata caritra, 18) AgnIdha tathA rAjA nAbhi kA caritra, 19 ) RSabhadeva kI kathA, 20) bharatacaritra, 21 ) gaMgAvataraNa kI kathA ( skandha 5 ) / 22) ajAmila kI kathA, 23 ) dakSaputroM ke virakti kI kathA, 24 ) vizvarUpa kathA, 25) dadhici RSi kI kathA, 26 ) vRtrAsuravadha, 27 ) citraketu kI kathA, 28 ) hiraNyakazipu kI kathA, 29 ) prahlAda caritra ( skandha 7 ) / 30 ) gajendra upAkhyAna, 31 ) samudramaMthana evaM mohinI avatAra kI kathA, 32 ) rAjA bali kI kathA, 33) vAmana carita, 34 ) matsyAvatAra kI kathA, 35) rAjA sudyumna kI kathA, 36 ) cyavana RSi kI kathA, 37) nAbhAga aura aMbarISa kI kathA, 38 ) mAndhAtA aura saubhari RSi kI kathA, 39) rAjA trizaMku aura harizcandra kI kathA, 40 ) sagara kA caritra ) 41 ) bhagIratha kA caritra, 42 ) rAma caritra, 43) parazurAma kA caritra, 44 ) yayAti kA caritra, 45 ) duSyanta zakuntalopAkhyAna, 46 ) bharata kA caritra, 47 ) rAjA rantideva kI kathA ( skandha 9 ) / 48 ) kRSNajanma kI kathA, 49 ) pUtanAvadha kathA, 50) zakaTa-bhaMjana evaM tRNAvarta kI kathA, 51) yamalArjuna kathA 52 ) vatsAsura evaM bakAsura kA vadha, 53 ) aghAsura vadha, 54 ) brahmAjI ke moha kI kathA, 55) dhenukAsura kA vadha, 56 ) kAliyavadha kI kathA 57 ) pralaMbAsura vadha, 58) dAvAnala meM goparakSaNa, 59 ) govardhanadhAraNa, 60) zaMkhacUDa vadha, 61) ariSTAsura vadha, 62 ) kaMsavadha, 63) rukmiNI svayaMvara, 64) zambarAsuravadha, 65 ) jAmbavatI evaM satyabhAmA se vivAha, 66 zrIkRSNa ke anyAnya vivAhoM kI kathAeM, 67 ) uSA-aniruddha kathA, 68 ) rAjA nRga kI kathA, 69 ) sAmbavivAha kI kathA, 70 jarAsaMdha vadha, 71) zizupAla vadha, 72) sudAmA kI kathA zrIkRSNa kA paramadhAma gamana ( skandha - 11 ) / 76 ) mArkaNDeya ) ) ( skndh-10)| 73 ) avadhUtopAkhyAna, 74) yaduvaMza kA nAza, 75) AkhyAna ( skandha-12 ) / -- Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 6 ) nAradapurANa adhyAya saMkhyA pUrvakhaMDa-125 + uttarakhaMDa-82 : isa purANa meM mukhyatayA aneka tIrthakSetroM kA mAhAtmya, devatAoM ke yoga, dharmAcAra Adi kA pratipAdana adhika mAtrA meM hai| kevala gaMgAvataraNa kathA tathA dharmAkhyAna isameM ullekhanIya haiN| 7) mArkaNDeya purANa adhyAya saMkhyA-137 : 1) ikSvAkucarita, 2) tulasIcarita, 3) rAmakathA, 4 ) nahuSa kathA, 5) yayAtikathA, 6) agni, sUrya Adi vaidika devatAoM ke AkhyAna, 7) harizcandra AkhyAna, 8 ) dattAtreya avatAra kathA, 9) madAlasA, 10 ) Rtudhvaja tathA alarka ke AkhyAna (adhyAya - 44 tk)| 10) durgAsaptazatI ( arthAta bhagavatI kA caritra ) adhyAya 41-92 ) 11 ) nAbhAga, karaMdhama, marutta, nariSyaMta ityAdi mahApuruSoM ke caritra 12) zrIkRSNa caritra, 13) mArkaNDeya caritra (adhyAya-93-137 ) / ------ For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 75

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8) agnipurANa - (adhyAya saMkhyA-383) : 1) matsya, karma, varAha Adi avatAroM kA varNana, 2) rAmAyaNa kI kathA, 3) zrIkRSNa kA caritra, 4) mahAbhArata AkhyAna, 5) buddha tathA kalki avatAra (isa purANa meM zAstrajJAna adhika vistAra se nivedita kiyA hai| "Agneye hI purANe'smin sarva vidyA pratiSThitAH (385-25) yaha stutivacana yathArtha hai| 9) bhaviSya purANa - adhyAya saMkhyA pUrvArdha 41. + uttarArdha 171 : 1) nAgapaMcamI vrata kathA, 2) sUryamAhAtmya kI kathA / isameM anekAneka rAjAoM kA varNana hai jo rAnI vhikToriyA taka jAtA hai| 10) brahmavaivarta purANa (yA zivapurANa) : adhyAya saMkhyA-276 : 1) uSAharaNa kI kathA, 2) nArada janma kathA (brahmakhaNDa), 3) sarasvatI, gaMgA, lakSmI meM kalaha, 4) gaMgopAkhyAna, 5) gaMgAviSaNu vivAha kathA, 6) vedavatI kI kathA, 7) tulasI kathA, 8) sAvitrI kathA, 9) samudramaMthana AkhyAna, 10) durgopAkhyAna, 11) buddhajanma kathA, 12) samAdhi vaizya kI kathA (prakatikhaMDa), 13) pArvatI kI kathA, 14) skanda evaM gaNeza ke janma kI kathA (prastuta purANa meM gaNeza ko zrIkRSNa paramAtmA kA avatAra kahA hai), 15) gajAnana kI kathA, 16) kArtavIrya kI kathA, 17) parazurAma kI kathA (gaNapati khaMDa), 18) zrIkRSNa kI bAlalIlA, 19) tilottamA kA AkhyAna, 20) zivapArvatI vivAha kathA, 21) kaMsavadha kathA, 22) rukmiNI svayaMvara kathA, 23) madanajanma (zrIkRSNajanma khaMDa) 11) liMgapurANa- adhyAya saMkhyA :- pUrvArdha-108 + uttarArdha 55: 1) dadhIca kSupa kA AkhyAna, 2) nandI kI kathA, 3) ziva ke 28 avatAra 12) varAhapurANa- adhyAya saMkhyA 218 : 1) gaNeza janma kI kathA, 2) naciketA kA upAkhyAna, 3) dvAdazI mAhAtmya kI kathA, (isa purANa meM viSNu stotroM evaM pUjAvidhiyoM kA saMgraha adhika mAtrA meM hai| 13) skanda purANa : yaha purANa sanatkumAra sUta, zaMkara, vaiSNava, brAhma tathA saura nAeka 6 saMhitAoM evaM mAhezvara, vaiSNava, brahma, kAzI, revA, tApI aura prabhAsa nAmaka sAta khaMDoM meM vibhAjita hai| zloka saMkhyA hai 81 shsr| 1) dakSa yajJa vidhvaMsana, 2) samudramaMthana, 3) vRtrAsuravadha, 4) balibandhana, 5) zivagaurI vivAha, 6) kArtikeya janma, 7) tArakAsuravadha, 8) zivapArvatI kI dyUtakrIDA, 9) kupita zaMkara kA vanagamana (kedaarkhNdd)| 10) apsarAoM kA uddhAra, 11) pArvatI janma kathA, 12) somanAtha mAhAtmya, kauravapANDava yuddha, 13) mahiSAsuravadha, 14) veMkaTAcala mAhAtmya, 15) sItApaharaNa kathA, 16) chAyArUpa sItA (mAhezvara khaMDAntargata kaumArikA khNdd)| 17) tulasIvivAha, 18) madanadahana kathA, 19) kArtikeya janma kathA, 20) bhU-varAha AkhyAna (vaissnnvkhNdd)| 21) sImantinI bhadrAyu kA AkhyAna, 22) zivagaurI vivAha, 23) kArtikeya evaM zriyAla rAjA kA AkhyAna (brahmottara khNdd)| 24) pururavA-urvazI kathA, 25) padmAvatI kI kathA, 26) samUdramaMthana kathA, 27) mAdhAMtA kI kathA, 28) satyanArAyaNa kI kathA (revA khNdd)| 14) vAmana purANa : adhyAya saMkhyA 95 : 1) ziva pArvatI caritra, 2) nara-nArAyaNa utpatti, 3) vIrabhadra kI utpatti, 4) madanadahana kathA (adhyAya 5-6) / 5) deva-dAnava yuddha, 6) aMdhakAsura kI kathA, 7) sukezI kathA, 8) mahiSAsura kathA (adhyAya 7-20) / 9) umA kA janma, 10) bala AkhyAna (adhyAya 21-42) / 11) vena caritra, 12) zivapArvatI vivAha, 13) vinAyaka kI utpatti, 14) caMDa-muMDa vadha kathA, 15) kArtikeya janma, 16) tArakopAkhyAna, 17) daMDopAkhyAna, 18) citrAgaMdAvivAha, 19) jaMbhAsuravadha, 20) aMdhaka parAjaya, 21) marutoM kI utpatti, 22) kAlanemivadha (adhyAya 43-73) / 23) dhuMdhudaitya parAjaya, 24) purUravA kA AkhyAna, 25) zrIrAma-caritra, 26) gajendramokSa kathA (adhyAya 74-88) / 27) vAmanAvatAra-caritra (adhyAya 89-95) / 15) kUrmapurANa- adhyAya saMkhyA-pUrvabhAga 58 + uttarabhAga 46 : 1) zaMkara caritra, 2) dakSayajJavidhvaMsa, 3) zrIkRSNacaritra, 4) vyAsa-jaimini kathA, (pUrvabhAga) 16) matsya purANa- adhyAya saMkhyA : 291 : 1) pralaya kAla tathA manu-matsya kathA, 2) pRthucaritra, 3) skandacaritra, 4) tArakAsura vadhopAkhyAna, 5) yayAti caritra 17) garuDa purANa- adhyAya saMkhyA pUrvakhaMDa 221 + uttara khaMDa 35 : 1) kRSNalIlA (a. 144) / 2) dazAvatAroM kI kathAeM, 3) dakSa kI utpatti, 4) satI kI utpatti 76/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kathA (adhyAya kathAoM ke alAvA upaakhyaan| 18) brahmANDa purANa- adhyAya saMkhyA-109 : 1) kRSNalIlA, 2) rAmAyaNa kI kathA, 3) parazurAma kI kathA (adhyAya 21-27) / 4) gaMgAvataraNa kI kathA (a. 47-57)| 5) bhaMDAsuravadhakathA, 6) lalitAdevI upAkhyAna / sabhI purANoM meM ina kathAoM ke atirikta aneka saMvAdoM meM tIrthakSetroM, devatAoM, nadiyoM, parvatoM Adi kA mAhAtmya, devatA stotra aneka zAstrA ke upadeza, sRSTi kI utpatti, pralaya, ityAdi vividha viSayoM kA pratipAdana unakI apanI viziSTa zailI meM kiyA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti tathA paramparA kA jJAna prApta karane kI dRSTi se jijJAsu ko kama se kama kisI eka purANa kA ThIka adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hai| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne purANa kA samaya, racanAsthAna, zlokasaMkhyA, paurvAparya, aitihAsika sAmagrI, bhUgolajJAna, ityAdi, vividha dRSTi se purANoM kA parizIlana kiyA hai, paraMtu unake pratipAdana meM kahIM bhI ekavAkyatA nahIM dikhAI detii| sabhI viSayoM meM vidvAnoM ke matabhedoM ke kAraNa kisI bhI viSaya ke saMbaMdha meM nizcita kucha kahanA azakya hai| 4 "rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata" bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa tathA gaThana meM purANa vAGmaya kA yogadAna jitanA mahattvapUrNa hai utanA hI, kiMbahunA usase bhI adhika mAtrA meM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata rUpI itihAsa vAGmaya kA yogadAna mAnA jAtA hai| bhArata ke rASTrIya dharma tathA naitika mUlyoM kA yathocita jJAna AbAlavRddha strI-puruSoM ko, purANoM evaM rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata ke dvArA itanI utkRSTa rIti se huA hai ki usakA pariNAma yahAM kI jIvana praNAlI meM zAzvata sA ho gayA hai| zruti-smRti se bhI purANoM evaM rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata rUpa itihAsa kI kathAoM dvArA pratipAdita naitika siddhAntoM kA prabhAva akhila bhArata bhara meM, sabhI paMthoMpapaMthoM evaM jAti-upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hindU samAja para cirakAla taka rahegA isameM saMdeha nhiiN| rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata kA vistAra purANagraMthoM ke samAna bharapUra hai tathA unameM Adhidaivika adbhutatA kA aMza bhI purANoM ke samAna paryApta mAtrA meM milatA hai| tathApi ina do mahAgraMthoM kI gaNanA purANoM yA upapurANoM meM nahIM hotii| ina donoM graMthoM kA svarUpa paurANika zailI meM likhita aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM jaisA hai| rAmAyaNa to "AdikAvya" hI mAnA gayA hai aura usake rayacitA maharSi vAlmIki ko "Adikavi" kahA gayA hai| saMsAra kA koI bhI mahAkAvya isa mahAkAvya ke samAna, unake apane rASTra meM sarvamAnya nahIM huA hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI prastAvanA meM pratyakSa brahmadeva ne vAlmIki RSi ko abhivacana diyA hai ki yAvat sthAsyanti girayaH saritazca mhiitle| tAvad gamAyaNakathA lokeSu prcrissyti|| -isa dharatI para parvata aura nadiyA~ jaba taka raheMgI, taba taka rAmAyaNa kI kathA sarvatra pracArita hotI hI rhegii| brahmAjI kA yaha abhivacana Aja taka satya huA hai aura niHsaMdeha Age bhI hotA rhegaa| bAraha vIM zatI meM tamila bhASA meM isa mahAkAvya kA prathama anuvAda huA, usake bAda hiMdusthAna kI sabhI prAdezika bhASA meM rAmAyaNa ke anuvAda aura rAmAyaNa para AdhArita uttamottama kAvya graMtha nirmANa hue| gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI kA, nIti, dharma evaM tattvajJAna-pracura mahAkAvya rAmacarita mAnasa I. 17 vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM avadhI bhASA meM nirmANa huA, jo samasta hiMdIbhASI pradeza meM vedatulya pavitra mAnA jAtA hai| uttara bhArata ke lokanATya meM "rAmalIlA" ke prayoga atyaMta lokapriya haiN| sadiyoM se lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM janatA "rAmalIlA" kA AnaMda lUTa rahI hai| rAmAyaNa ke mahAvIra hanumAna isa rASTra ke saMkaTamocaka grAmadevatA haiN| kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI meM kAzmIra ke rAjA dAmodara kI AkhyAyikA meM kahA hai ki rAjA ko kisI zApa ke kAraNa sarpayoni meM jAnA pdd'aa| usa avasthA meM rAjA ne eka hI dina meM saMpUrNa rAmAyaNa kA zravaNa kiyA, taba usako muktatA prApta huii| zrImadbhAgavata meM (skandha 11 adhyAya 5) kaliyuga kI upAsya devatA ke nAte zrIrAmacaMdra kA nirdeza kiyA hai| kevala zrIrAma hI nahIM to rAmAyaNa graMtha bhI upAsanA kA viSaya huA hai| aneka upAsaka apanI upAsanA meM suMdarakAMDa kA pArAyaNa karate haiM aura usameM ke zlokoM kA maMtravat viniyoga karate haiN| mAnava jIvana ke zAzvata divyAdarza citrita karane kI preraNA se maharSi vAlmIki ne rAmacaritra viSayaka apane mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| isakI apUrvatA ke kAraNa atiprAcIna kAla se Aja taka samasta rasika varga ne ise zirodhArya "AdikAvya' maanaa| isa AdikAvya kA dhIrodAtta nAyaka, mAnavI jIvana kA Urjasvala Adarza hone ke kAraNa sa rASTra meM paramapUjya "dharmapuruSa" mAnA gyaa| "rAmo vigrahavAn dharmaH" yaha subhASita sarvamAnya huA aura vAlmIki rAmAyaNa isa hiMdurASTra ke samasta suzikSita evaM azikSita janatA kA eka pramANabhUta dharmagraMtha ho gayA hai| maharSi vAlmIki ne apane itihAsAtmaka mahAkAvya meM daivI aura AsurI saMpadA kA zAzvatika saMgrAma itane manorama svarUpa meM citrita kiyA hai ki use par3ha kara "rAmAdivat vartitavyaM na rAvaNAdivat" (rAma sItA lakSmaNa Adi ke samAna apanA vartana rakhanA cAhie na ki rAvaNa kuMbhakarNa Adi asuroM ka samAna) yaha preraNA rAmAyaNa kA zravaNa manana karane vAle pratyeka subuddha vyakti ke aMtaHkaraNa meM svayameva aMkurita hotI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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apane isa rASTra ke aitihAsika evaM arvAcIna sabhI sAttvika satpuruSoM kA svAbhAvika vyaktimattva rAmAyaNIya AdarzavAda ke kAraNa banA huA hai| isa deza ke rItirivAjoM para rAmAyaNIya ghaTanAoM kA dRDha prabhAva par3A huA hai| kahate haiM ki bihAra kI kucha dehAtI jAtiyoM meM Aja bhI sasurAla jAne ke bAda lar3akI phira kabhI mAyake nahIM AtI, nA vaha mAyake bulAI jaatii| isa sAmAjika rUDhi kA mUlakAraNa batAte hue apane bihArIbaMdhu rAmAyaNa kA pramANa dete haiN| ve kahate haiM, "sItAmAI sasurAla gaI to phira mAyake nahIM aaii"|| rAmAyaNa kA prabhAva hamAre hiMdu samAja para ke kitanA gaharA ho cukA hai isake aura bhI aneka pramANa diye jA sakate haiN| rAmAyaNa hamAre rASTrIya sAmAjika aura pArivArika jIvana meM ghula mila gayA hai| rAmAyaNa kA pratyeka sAttvika vyaktimattva, hamAre lie apanA nijI pArivArika vyaktimattva sA huA hai, unheM jo apriya thA vaha hameM apriya hai| rAmAyaNa ke vyaktittva hamAre lie kevala vAGmayIna yA sAhityika vyaktittva nahIM haiM api tu unheM hamAre bhAvavizva meM pavitratama aura priyatama sthAna prApta huA hai| bhAratIya hiMduoM ke bhAvavizva meM prabhu rAmacaMdra ko jo paramocca sthAna prApta huA hai, usI prakAra bhArata-bAhya jina dezoM kI janatA ne apane bhAvavizva meM unheM paramocca sthAna diyA hai; ve deza eka dRSTi se bhArata kI sAMskRtika catuHsImA meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| tibbata, khotAna, sayAma, jAvA, balidvIpa, siMhaladIpa ityAdi paurastya rASTroM meM, hiMdusthAna ke rASTrIya dharma kA pracAra na hote hue bhI prAcIna kAlase Ajataka rAmakathA kA mahattva saMpUrNa samAja meM mAnya huA hai| 5 rAmakathA kA vizvasaMcAra I. tIsarI sadI se cIna deza meM bauddha sAhitya ke dvArA rAmakathA kA paricaya huaa| tibbata meM AThavIM zatI meM, khotAna meM nauvI zatI meM, hiMdacIna evaM kAMboDiyA meM chaThI zatI meM, jAvA meM pAMcavIM zatI meM, malAyA meM satrahavIM zatI meM aura barmA meM aTharAhavIM zatI meM, rAmAyaNa kathA kA prathama paricaya huaa| rAMcI ke IsAI vidvAna DaoN. kAmila bulke ne apane zodhaprabaMdha meM isa saMbaMdha meM bharapUra jAnakArI dI hai| DaoN. bulke ke prabaMdha meM anyAnya paurastya dezoM meM pracalita rAmAyaNa graMthoM ke nAma isa prakAra diye hai : kAmboDiyA : reyAma kera (rAma kIrti) yaha graMtha prAcIna khmera bhASA meM likhA hai| sayAma : rAmakiyana aura raamjaatk| barmA : rAmayat rAmayAgan (lekhaka yuuto)| malAyA : hikAyata serirAma / jAvA : rAmakekeliMga, rAmAyaNa kAkAvina (lekhaka yogIzvara); tibbata : raamaaynn| ina paradezIya rAmAyaNoM meM mUla vAlmIkIya rAmakathA meM yatra tatra parivartana kiyA hai| bhArata me bhI bauddha aura jaina paramparA meM pracalita rAmakathA meM kAphI hera phera kiyA gayA hai| ina dezoM kI zilpakalA, citrakalA, nRtya-nATyakalA ityAdi sAMskRtika aMgoM para rAmacaritra kA bharapUra prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| sayAma kA prAcIna rAjA sumana muni (athavA ATaMga) ne jo naI rAjadhAnI nirmANa kI, usako nAma diyA ayodhyaa| vaha rAjA apane lie "rAmAdhipati" yaha upAdhi dhAraNa karatA thaa| jAvA meM nauvIM zartI meM "paramavanam" (brahmavana) meM eka zivamaMdira kA nirmANa huA jisa para sarvatra rAmAyaNIya ghaTanAoM kA zilpAMkana aura citrAMkana kiyA hai| 12 vIM zatI meM kAMboDiyA ke rAjA sUryavarmA ne aMgakoravATa meM eka ativizAla maMdira kA nirmANa kiyaa| isa maMdira meM sarvatra rAmAyaNa (aura sAtha meM mahAbhArata tathA harivaMza) kI ghaTanAoM ko zilpAMkita kiyA hai| sayAma ke rAmanATakoM kA prabhAva 18 vIM zatI se barmA ke nATya premiyoM para bhI par3ane lgaa| maharSi vAlmIki ke prati kRtajJatA pUrNa bhaktibhAva vyakta karane ke lie 7 vIM zatAbdI meM hiMdacIna ke rAjA prakAzadharma ne Adikavi vAlmIki ko bhagavAn viSNu kA avatAra mAna kara, unakA vizAla maMdira nirmANa kiyaa| bhArata meM vAlmIki ke hI "avatAra" mAne gye| rAjazekhara apane bAlarAmAyaNa (mahAnATaka) kI prastAvanA meM "babhUva valmIkabhavaH kaviH purA, tataH prapede bhuvi bhrtmenntthtaam| sthitaH punaryo bhavabhUtirekhayA sa vartate samprati rAjazekharaH / / isa zloka meM vAlmIki kI jo kalpita avatAra-paraMparA batAI, tadanusAra bhartameNTha, bhavabhUti aura svayaM rAjazekhara vAlmIki ke "avatAra" the| paraMtu yaha avAtara-paraMparA rAjazekhara tara hI sImita nahIM hai| bhArata ke sabhI prAdezika sAhityoM ke itihAsa meM saMpUrNa madhyayugIna sAhitya para, AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kaviyoM kI rAmabhakti kA evaM vAGmayIna dRSTi se mUla vAlmIki ke AdikAvya kA, itanA gaharA saMskAra dikhAI detA hai ki, usa kAlakhaNDa meM bhArata ke sabhI pradezoM meM mAno "vAlmIki ke avatAra" hI prakaTa hue the| tAmila bhASA meM kamba rAmAyaNa, telagu meM raMganAtha rAmAyaNa aura bhAskara rAmAyaNa, premAnaMda aura prItamadAsa kA gujarAtI meM rAmAyaNa, kannaDa bhASA meM pampa rAmAyaNa, malayAlama meM ejyutaccana kA adhyAtmarAmAyaNa, bAMgalA bhASA meM kRtivAsA kA rAmAyaNa, asamiyA meM mAdhavakaMdalI kA rAmAyaNa, uDiyA bhASA meM sAralAdAsa tathA balarAmadAsa kA rAmAyaNa, vraja bhASA meM kezavadAsa kI rAmacaMdrikA, avadhI bhASA meM tulasIrAmAyaNa, Adhunika hiMdI meM maiyilIzaraNa gupta kA sAketa kAvya, paMjAbI meM gurugoviMdasiMha kA goviMda-rAmAyaNa, marAThI meM saMta ekanAtha kA bhAvArtha rAmAyaNa, zrIdhara kA rAmavijaya, samartha rAmadAsa kA yuddhakAMDa, moropaMta ke 108 rAmAyaNa aura navakavi mADagUlakara kA lokapriya gItarAmAyaNa ityAdi rAmAyaNa graMtha una una 78/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra bhASAoM meM atyaMta sarvamAnya hue haiN| una pradezoM kI janatA ke antaHkaraNa para rAmacaritra viSayaka graMtha ke samAna anya kisI bhI graMtha kA prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| ye sAre prAdezika rAmacaritrakAra mahAkavi vAlmIki ke "avatAra" hI mAnane yogya satkavi the / yUropIya bhASAoM meM bhAratIya bhASAoM ke samAna vAkIki rAmAyaNapara AdhArita kAvyagraMtha nirmANa nahIM hue paraMtu vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke kucha ullekhanIya anuvAda hue aMgrejI :griphithakRta chaMdobaddha anuvAda, ema. ena. datta kRta gadyAnuvAda ( 7 khaMDa), romezacaMdra datta kRta saMkSipta padyAnuvAda ( rAmAyaNa, da epika oNpha rAma reMDarDa in Tu iMgliza vharsa) / jaise itAliyana :- jI goresI kRta, 4 vibhAga, pairisa meM sana 1847-58 meM prkaashit| e. rauselakRta 3 vibhAga paeNrisa meM san 1903-9 meM prakAzita / jarmana : eph rukarTa kRta saMkSipta padyAnuvAda, rAmAyaNa viSayaka zodha prabaMdha- e vebara ( ubera DAsa rAmAyaNa), ec. . yAkobI (DAsa rAmAyaNa) luDaviga ( ubera DAsa rAmAyaNa), e bAmagArTanera ( DAsa rAmAyaNa), je.sI. omana (di greTa iMDiyana epiksa), haoNpakinsa (di greTa epika oNpha iMDiyA), viMTaraniTs (di hisTarI oNpha iMDiyana liTarecara) ina vidvAnoM dvArA likhe ina prabaMdhoM meM rAma kathA viSayaka tathA rAmAyaNa kAla viSayaka jo akalpita tarka upasthita kie gaye, unake kAraNa gata zatAbdI meM rAmAyaNa ke viSaya meM aneka vidvattApUrNa zodha prabaMdha bhArata meM likhe gye| abhI kucha varSa pUrva brahmIbhUta zrIkarapAtrI mahArAjadvArA likhita hiMdI prabaMdha sarvatra sammanita huaa| rAmAyaNa viSayaka paraMparAvAdI bhAratIya dRSTikoNa kA samartha pratipAdana zrIkarapAtrIjI ne kiyA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke atirikta anya rAmAyaNa bhI likhe gae jaise agastya - rAmAyaNa, adhyAtmarAmAyaNa adbhuta rAmAyaNa, AdirAmAyaNa, AnaMda-rAmAyaNa, cAMdrarAmAyaNa, bhuzuDIrAmAyaNa, maMjularAmAyaNa, maMtrarAmAyaNa, maidarAmAyaNa, subrahArAmAyaNa, suvarthasarAmAyaNa, saupadmarAmAyaNa (yA atrirAmAyaNa) tIrtharAmAyaNa, sauhArda -rAmAyaNa svAyaMbhuvarAmAyaNa, aura heturAmAyaNa / inameM rAmakathA kA svarUpa anyAnya prakAra kA dikhAI dene ke kAraNa kucha vivAda avazya nirmANa hue, paraMtu janatA kI rAmabhakti avicala rhii| Aja bhI kucha zraddhAhIna lekhaka rAmAyaNa ke viSaya meM ulaTI sIdhI bAte mAsika patrikAoM meM likhate haiM paraMtu bhAratIya janatA kI rAmabhakti para usakA viparIta pariNAma nahIM huA aura Age bhI nahIM hogA / 7 rAmAyaNIya sAhitya rAmAyaNasArasaMgraha rAmAyaNatAtparyanirNaya rAmAyaNatAtparyasaMgraha saMskRta sAhitya meM rAmacaritra para AdhArita mahAkAvya, nATaka, campU stotra ityAdi kAvya prakAroM meM antabhUrta graMthoM kA pramANa bahuta hI bar3A hai| saMpUrNa graMthoM kI sUcI yahAM denA ucita nahIM, phira bhI saMskRta vAGmaya ke kevala Adhunika kAlakhaMDa meM (arthAt 17 vIM zatI ke uparAMta) likhita graMthoM meM kucha ullekhanIya graMthoM kI sUcI yahA~ dete haiM, jisa se rAmakathA kA AkarSaNa saMskRta sAhityikoM ko kitanI adhika mAtrA meM akhaMDa rahA hai isakA anumAna ho skegaa| rAmAyaNIya graMtha graMthakAra appaya dIkSita rAmAyaNasArastava rAmAyaNasArasaMgraha rAmAyaNakAvya maMjubhASiNI rAmayamakArNava rAmacaMdrodaya citrabaMdharAmAyaNa jAnakIpariNaya sItAdivyacarita gadyarAmAyaNa raghuvIravijaya rAmAyaNasaMgraha - 3 : www.kobatirth.org : raghunAtha nAyaka : Izvara dIkSita : madhuravANI rAjacUDAmaNi dIkSita (isame saMpUrNa rAmakathA zleSa garbha bhASA meM likhI hai) zrInivAsaputra veMkaTeza : vekaTakRSNa (cidaMbara nivAsI) : : veMkaTamakhI : cakrakavi : zrInivAsa zrI nivAsaputra varadAdezika For Private and Personal Use Only rAmakutUhala rAmacarita udArarAghava kalyANarAmAyaNa bhadrAdirAmAyaNa rAmakathA-sudhodaya Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dazAnanavadha raghuvIracarita sItArAmavihAra rAmaguNAkara rAmavilAsa 11 rAmacaMdrakAvyam prasannarAmAyaNa : goviMdasuta rAmezvara : raghunAtha : rAmAmRtam yAdavarAghavIya : narahari raghuvIravaryacarita vizvaksena caNDIsUrya : zeSakavi : vIrarAghava : zrIzaila zrInivAsa : veMkaTaraMgA : tirumala koNAcArya : yogIndranAtha : sukumAra : lakSmaNa somayAjI : rAmadeva : rAmacaMdra : harinAtha : zambhukAlidAsa : zrIpAdaputra devaradIkSita saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 79

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: ma.ma.lakSmaNa sUri : annadAcaraNa ThAkura : gaMgAdhara kavi : paramAnaMda zarmA rAmacaMdrodaya rAghavollAsa --"-- bAlarAghavIya ramaNIya-rAghava abhirAmakAvya rAmakautuka rAmakathAmRta rAmaguNAkara rAmavilAsakAvya rAmacarita : sUryanArAyaNAdhvarI : kAmarAja : kAzInAtha rAmAyaNasaMgraha rAmAbhyudava saMgItarAghavam maMtharAdurvilasitam mArIcavagham meghanAdavadham rAvaNavadham sItApariNayam sItAsvayaMvaram vaidehIpariNayam ityAdi ityAdi... "rAmAyaNIya campUkAvya" campUrAghavam rAmAyaNacampU campUrAmAyaNa raghunAthavijayacampU rAmacaryAmRtacampU rAmacamyU amodharAghavacampU kuzalava-campU rAmakathA-sudhodayacampU rAmAbhiSekacampU sItAvijayacampU rAmalIlodyota rAmAbhiSakam rAmakAvya : kavivallabha : advaitarAma bhikSu : pUjyapAda devAnaMda : zaThagopAcArya : brahmadatta : rAmanAtha : rAmakRSNasuta kamalAkara : giridharadAsa : rAmadeva nyAyAlaMkAra : harinAtha : kAzInAtha : mohanasvAmI : yuvarAja rAmavarmA : bANezvarasuta ramAnAtha : kezava : rAmAnaMda tIrtha : bAlakRSNa : veMkaTeza : zitikaNTha : dAmodarasta lakSmaNa : gopInAtha : puruSottama mizra : rAmadAsa : saccidAnaMda : madhuvrata : zrIdhara : pAtrAcArya : nUtana kAlidAsa : rAmacaMdra (pullolavaMzIya) : aruNAcalanAtha ziSya kRSNazAstrI : zrInivAsa ratha : zrIpatigoviMda : gopAlazAstrI : AnaMda nArAyaNa : rAma pANivAda rAmAbhyudayam zitikaTha-rAmAyaNa raghuvIvilAsa raghupativijaya rAmacaMdrodaya : AsurI anantAcArya : sundaravallI : sItArAmazAstrI : kRSNakavi : kRSNayyagArya : baMdalAmRDI rAmasvAmI : vizvezvaraputra divAkara : veMkaTayyA sudhI : devarAja dezika : devarAja dezika : rAmacaMdra : vizvanAtha : rAma . : rAghava , brahmapaMDita : rAghavabhaTTa : bhagavanta : lakSmaNadAnta : rAmAnuja : vallIsahAya : guNDusvAmI zAstrI : raghunAtha : nRsiMha : veMkaTakRSNa/ ityaadi| rAmacaMdramahodaya rAmaratnAkAra rAmarasAmRta raghunaMdanavilAsa vikramarAghavIya paulastya-rAghavIya zrIrAmavijaya bAlarAmarasAyana lalitarAghava jAnakyAnaMdabodha sItArAmAbhyudayam rAghavacarita rAghavIyam rAmAbhyudayacampU uttarakANDacampU uttaracampU abhinavarAmAyaNacampU rAmAyaNacampU kAkutsthavijayacampU sItAcampU mArutivijayacampU AMjaneyavijayacampU uttaracampUrAmAyaNa rAmakathA viSayaka 30 se adhika avAcIna saMskRta nATakoM kI nAmAvalI isI paryAlocanake nATya vAGmaya viSayaka prakaraNa meM dI hai| ataH usakA ullekha yahA~ Avazyaka nahIM hai| rAmAyaNa viSayaka arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya ke atirikta prAcIna yA madhyayugIna kAla meM likhita rAmAyaNIya sAhitya kA pramANa bhI kAphI bar3A hai| prastuta saMskRta vAGmaya koza meM yathAsthAna una sabhI mahattvapUrNa kAvyoM, nATakoM Adi kA saMkSepataH paricaya diyA gayA hai| 80/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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7 rAmarAjya bhAratIya dhAraNA ke anusAra Adarza rAjya kA paryAya vAcaka zabda hai raamraajy| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa ke prAraMbha meM mahArAjA dazaratha ke rAjyazAsana kA varNana AtA hai jahAM hama yaha dekhate haiM ki usa ayodhyApati ke rAjya ke sabhI pradezoM meM apAra dhanadhAnya samRddhi hai, samAja ke sabhI ghaTaka apane apane varNo tathA AzramoM ke AcAra tathA tathA nItimaryAdAoM kA anuzAsana svayaM preraNA se pAlana karate hai| rAjA tathA usake pramukha adhikArI gaNa vinayasaMpanna hone ke kAraNa yathA "rAjA tathA prajA" .isa nyAya ke anusAra prajAjana bhI vinIta evaM maryAdAzIla haiN| na me steno janapade na kadaryo na madyapaH / nAnAhitAgni vidvAn na svairI svairiNI kutaH / / yaha prajAjana kA naitika aura sAMskRtika stara rAmAyaNa ke anusAra Adarza mAnA gayA hai| vanavAsI rAmacaMdra ko vApasa lauTAne ke lie svayaM bharata unake pAsa jAte haiM, taba zrIrAmacaMdrajI ne unheM rAjyavyavasthA ke saMbaMdha meM jo anekavidha prazna pUche, unameM svayaM zrIrAmacaMdra jI kI Adarza rAjya kI kalpanA hamAre lie suspaSTa hotI hai| lavaNAsura kA upadrava zAnta karane ke liye jaba zatrughna ke netRtva meM senA dekara bhejA jAtA hai, taba zrIrAmacaMdrajI unheM aisA saMdeza dete haiM jisa meM surAjya (arthAt rAmarAjya) saMvardhana ke lie Adarza senA aura Adarza senApati ke viSaya meM pratipAdana huA hai| yaha pratipAdana yA mArgadarzana zAzvata hone ke kAraNa Aja bhI Adarzavat hai| isameM sainikoM ko yathocita vetana yogya samaya para dene kI mahattvapUrNa sUcanA bharata ko bhI dI gaI hai| lokamata kA samAdara yaha Adarza rAjya kA eka pramukha lakSaNa mAnA jAtA hai| vAlmIkI ke Adarza rAjya kI kalpanA meM isa mUlya kA nirdeza yatra tatra milatA hai| mahArAjA dazaratha ne apanI vRddhavasthA kA vicAra karate hue jaba apane jyeSTha putra rAma ko yauvarAjyAbhiSeka karane kA nirNaya antaHkaraNa meM liyA taba vaha prajAjanoM kI anumati ke binA usa para nahIM lAdA gyaa| prajA ke anyAnya staroM ke pratinidhiyoM kI Ama sabhA meM isa nirNaya para vicAra vimarza huA aura anta meM prajAjanoM kI nirapavAda anumati milane para hI zrIrAma ke yauvarAjyAbhiSeka kA nirNaya ghoSita huaa| mahArAjA dazaratha jaise Adarza zAsanakartA ke zAsana meM hI prajAjanoM se athavA maMtrimaMDala se vicAra-vinimaya karane kI paddhati thI; itanA hI nahIM to rAvaNa ke rAjya meM bhI zrIrAma se yuddha karane ke viSaya para, bibhISaNa, kumbhakarNa, mAlyavAn prabhRti adhikAriyoM ke sAtha bharapUra vicAra vimarza hotA hai aura usa meM bibhISaNa, kumbhakarNa aura mAlyavAn rAvaNa ke nirNaya se apanI asahamati kaTu zabdoM meM vyakta karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| rAmAyaNa ke uttarakANDa meM to atyalpa virodhI mata kA bhI anAdara Adarza rAjya meM nahIM honA cAhie, yaha mahAn siddhAnta sItAtyAga ke bAre meM zrIrAmacaMdrajI ne jo kaThora nirNaya liyA, usameM dikhAI detA hai| lokamata kA itanA AtyaMtika samAdara kisI bhI anya saMskRti meM nahI huA thA aura na Age hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| Adarza rAjya meM sabhI vidyAoM eva kalAoM kI yogya abhivRddhi ke lie rAjAzraya kI apekSA hotI hai| isa ke lie svayaM rAjA vidyAsaMpanna aura kalApremI honA caahiye| anapar3ha aura kalAhIna zAsaka ke dvArA yaha kArya nahIM ho sktaa| vanaprayANa ke samaya zrIrAmacaMdra meM apanI nijI sampatti kA samarpaNa vidvAnoM ko karane kI sUcanA lakSmaNa ko dete haiM, taba vedAdi vidyAoM kI anyAnya zAkhAoM kA unakA sUkSma jJAna hameM dikhAI detA hai| usI sampattidAna yajJa ke samaya, eka garIba brAhmaNa apane parivAra kA poSaNa karane ke liye, zrI rAmacaMdrajI se dvavyayAcanA karatA hai, taba majAka meM use eka daNDa dekara ve kahate hai, yaha daNDa tU pheNk| vaha jahAM par3egA vahAM taka kI sampatti tujhe milegii| brAmhaNa dvArA pheMkA gayA daNDa sarayU ke taTa para jA pdd'aa| prabhu ne usa bhUmaryAdA meM jitanA dhana thA utanA use de diyaa| prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti meM yajJa ko asAdhAraNa mahattva thaa| devapUjA, dAna aura saMgatikaraNa (yA samAja kA saMgaThana) ina uddezyoM ke lie Adarza rAjya meM yajJavidhi sampanna hote the| rAmAyaNa meM mahArAjA dazaratha ne putralAbha ke hetu putrakAmeSTi yajJa kA Ayojana vasiSTha RSi ke netRtva meM kiyA thaa| dUsarA mahAn azvamegha yajJa svayaM prabhu rAmacaMdra ne apanA sarvaMkaSa Adhipatya siddha karane ke lie rAkSasasaMhAra ke bAda kiyA thaa| ina donoM yajJoM kA varNana paDhane para, Adarza rAjya meM logoM ke guNoM kA, vidvattA kA, tathA viziSTa yogyatA kA kitanA samAdara honA cAhie, isa bAta kA jJAna hameM hotA hai| isa yajJasaMsthA kA saMrakSaNa rAjyakartA . kA aparihArya dAyitva mAnA jAtA thaa| lokakalyANArtha devatAoM kI kRpA saMpAdana karane ke lie vizvAmitra jaise tapasvI RSi yajJa karate the aura aise pavitra kAryoM meM vighna DAlanA, yaha apanA kartavya rAkSasa (yA rAkSasI vRtti ke mAnava) mAnate the| unakA saMhAra kara yajJasaMsthA ko surakSita rakhanA Adarza rAjA kA kartavya mAnA jAtA thaa| vizvAmitra ke yajJa ke vighnoM kA nivAraNa karane ke lie dazaratha rAjA se unake prANapriya putroM kI mAMga kI gyii| Adarza rAjA RSimuniyoM ke Adeza kA bhaMga nahI karate the| vizvAmitra jaise eka vanavAsI tapasvI kA Adeza sArvabhauma samrAT dazaratha ne zirodhArya mAnA aura apane priya putroM ko RSi ke sAtha senA sahAya ke binA bheja diyaa| rAmAyaNa kI isa ghaTanA meM rAjyakartAoM ke lie kitanA bar3A saMdeza bharA huA hai| __jisa rAmacaMdra ne vizvAmitra ke yajJa kA saMrakSaNa kiyA, vahI mahApuruSa yuddha kANDa meM rAvaNaputra meghanAda ke yajJa kA vidhvaMsa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 81 For Private and Personal Use Only

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karane kA Adeza detA hai| isa kA kAraNa yajJa eka aisA Adhidaivika dharmakArya hai jisameM kartA ko devatAoM kI kRpA se daivI sAmarthya kA lAbha hotA hai| rAvaNa, kumbhakarNa, meghanAda jaise brAhmaNa kulolpanna rAkSasoM ne isI daivI sAmarthya kI lipsA se kaThora tapazcaryA aura mahAna yajJa kiye the paraMtu sAdhanA se prApta sAmarthya kA viniyoga ve apanI AsurI saMpadA ke kAraNa, sajjanoM para atyAcAra karane ke lie karane lage the| meghanAda kA vaha yajJa phaladrUpa hotA to usa rAkSasa kA saMhAra karane kA sAmarthya saMsAra bhara meM kisI ke pAsa nahIM thaa| karma kA aMtima pariNAma hI kisI bhI karma kA dharmatva athavA adharmatva siddha karatA hai yaha saMdeza prabhu rAmacaMdra jI ke yajJarakSaNa aura yajJavidhvaMsa ke AcaraNa se hameM milatA hai| rAmAyaNa kA pratyeka vyaktitva kisI na kisI guNa yA avaguNa ke pratIka sA hameM dikhAI detA hai| unameM daivI saMpad aura AsurI saMpad se yukta, mAnava ke do prakAra spaSTa rUpa se vyakta hote haiN| bhagavadgItA meM spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki, "daivI saMpad vimokSAya nibandhAyAsurI mtaa"| yAne devI saMpadA ke guNa mokSa ke liye aura AsurI saMpadA ke avaguNa saMsArabaMdhana ke lie kAraNIbhUta hote haiN| maharSi vAlmIki ne apanI mahanIya vAGmaya kRtiyoM meM donoM saMpadAoM kA zAzvata citraNa kara vizva ko sandeza diyA hai ki "rAmAdivat vartitavyaM na raavnnaadivt"| rAvaNa ke AsurI rAjya meM bibhISaNa eka apavAdAtmaka vyaktitva rAmAyaNa meM milatA hai| rAvaNa kA sahodara-sagA bhAI-hote hue bhI isa kI vivekabuddhi tAmasI nahIM thii| ugra tapazcaryA ke bAda prasanna hue bhagavAn ke saMmukha hAtha jor3a kara vaha prArthanA karate haiM ki, he bhagavAna merA mana sadaiva dharmaniSTha rhe| mujhe sadaiva tattvajJAna hI prApta ho| bhagavAna ne bibhISaNa kI yaha prArthanA pUrNa kI thii| usI ke kAraNa vaha "kartukartum anyathA kartuM samartha" bhAI kI rAjasabhA meM nirbhayatA se apanA virodha udghoSita karatA hai| vaise to rAmacaMdrajI ke apAra sAmarthya kI kalpanA hone ke kAraNa, kumbhakarNa, mAlyavAn jaise sadasyoM ne bhI rAvaNa ke pApakarma kA niSedha kiyA thA, kintu asatpakSa kA tyAga kara satpakSa kA svIkAra karane kA dhairya, rAvaNasabhA ke sAre sadasyoM meM se bibhISaNa ke atirikta anya kisI ne vyakta nahIM kiyA thaa| pratyakSa sahodara kA pakSa eka asatpakSa hai, yaha nirNaya svayaMprajJA se le kara, bibhISaNa zrIrAma ke satpakSa meM praviSTa hue| isameM rAvaNa kI kapaTanIti kA eka prayoga mAnane vAle, rAmapakSIya netAoM ne, bibhISaNa ke pakSapraveza ke bAre meM AzaMkA vyakta kI thI, paraMtu zrI rAmacaMdrajI ne zuddha antaHkaraNa se use (apane ghora zatru ke bhAI ko) apanA bhAI mAnA aura bibhISaNa ne bhI yaha dharmabandhutva kA nAtA nirapavAda sNbhaalaa| pratyakSa yuddha kAla meM aise kucha bikaTa prasaMga upasthita hote the ki usa samaya agara bibhISaNa kA sahAya na milatA to rAmapakSa kI vijaya asaMbhava thii| pakSaniSThA aura satyaniSThA ke saMgharSa me sadasadaviveka kA utkRSTa jIvanAdarza bibhISaNa ke caritra meM hameM rAmAyaNa meM dikhAI detA hai| isa AdarzabhUta vivekitA ke kAraNa hI hiMduoM ke paraMparAgata prAtaHsmaraNa stotra meM bibhISaNa kA nAmasmaraNa bhArata bhara meM hotA hai| zrIrAmacaMdrajI ke sahakAriyoM meM hanumAn eka jaise adbhuta sahakArI the jinake sahakArya ke binA sItA kI khoja, lakSmaNa ke prANoM kA rakSaNa aura vAnaroM kI saMgaThanA honA asambhava thaa| svayaM zrIrAmacaMdrajI to sAkSAt dharma ke pratIka the hI (rAmo vigrahavAn dharmaH) paraMtu unakA adabhuta anuyAyI bhI usI dharma ke aMga (yAne utkaTa bhaktiyoga) kA pratIka thaa| pratikUla paristhiti meM naiSThika vrata kA pAlana karanA RSimuniyoM ko bhI asaMbhava hotA hai| paraMtu hanumAnajI ne yaha bhI yogyatA siddha kI thii| apane paramazraddheya netA ke Adeza kA pAlana karate hue ve samudrollaMghana karate hue laMkA meM puhNce| unakA sArA pravAsa vighnamaya thaa| una sAre vighnoM ko unhoMne parAsta kiyaa| kintu aparicita sItA kI khoja usa mahAnagarI meM karane ke liye, rAvaNa kA sArA aMtaHpura unheM rAta ke samaya DhUMDhanA pddaa| aneka suMdara striyoM ko nidrAvasthA meM astavyasta par3I huI nirakhanA pdd'aa| yaha karma unake brahmacarya vrata ke sarvathA pratikUla thaa| dUsarA koI avivekI naiSThika brahmacArI unake sthAna meM hotA to nidrita striyoM ke mukhakamala nirakhane kA prApta karma nahIM karatA aura svAmikArya kiye binA vApasa lautttaa| hanumAna jI ne hajAroM nidrita striyoM ko nirakhane ke bAda apanA antaHprekSaNa kiyA aura dekhA ki isa dharmaviruddha karma ke bAda bhI apanA antaHkaraNa yathApUrva zuddha hai| jisa adharma kRtya se antaHkaraNa nirvikAra rahatA hai vaha vAstava meM adharmakRtya nahIM hotA kintu jisa dharmakRtya ke kAraNa antaHkaraNa meM ahaMkAra, darpa, lobha jaise rAjasI yA tAmasI vikAra nirmANa hote haiM vaha zAstravihita hone para bhI vAstava meM dharmakRtya nahIM rhtaa| dharma aura adharma kA mahAn viveka hanumAnajI ke jIvana kI isa vicitra ghaTanA se hameM milatA hai| mahAbhAratakAra kahate haiM, "dharmasya tattvaM nihitaM guhAyAs" yAne dharma kA satya svarUpa guhA meM nihita padArtha ke samAna agamya hai| maharSi vAlmIkijI ne vaha guhAgata dharmatattva apane rAmAyaNa meM isa prakAra ke aneka prasaMgoM kA citraNa karate hue vizva ke saMmukha rakha diyaa| isI prakAra kA dharmanirNaya tATakAvadha ke prasaMga meM batAyA jAtA hai| vizvAmitra ke yajJakarma kA vidhvaMsa karane kA pApa karane vAlI tATakA eka strI thii| yajJazAlA para usakA AkramaNa hotA hai taba vizvAmitra apane bAlavIra ko usakA vadha karane kA Adeza dete haiN| rAmacaMdra kI bAlyAvasthA hote hue bhI janmasiddha kSatriyatva ke kAraNa strIvadha karanA yA na karanA isa viSaya 82 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM unake vizuddha antaHkaraNa meM sandeha nirmANa huaa| usa ghora rAkSasI AkramaNa se ve vicalita to nahIM hue kintu sandeha ke kAraNa dhanuSa para bANa nahIM car3hAte the| unakI usa sandehAvasthA meM vizvAmitra ke upadeza dvArA karma-akarma kA viveka maharSi vAlmIki ne samAja ko sikhaayaa| rAvaNa-bibhISaNa ke saMbaMdha meM jisa prakAra viveka aura aviveka kA svarUpa dikhAI detA hai, usI prakAra vAli-sugrIva ke saMbaMdha meM bhI dikhAI detA hai| una rAkSasa baMdhuoM ke samAna ye vAnarabaMdhu the| donoM mahAparAkramI aura Apasa meM rAmalakSmaNa ke samAna nitAMta AtmIyatA rakhate the| bIca meM mAyAvI rAkSasa ke sAtha vAli kA saMgrAma pahADI pradeza meM huaa| dIrghakAla taka vAli saMgrAma se vApasa nahIM aayaa| usa yuddha meM vAli mara cukA hogA yaha soca kara maMtrimaMDala ne sugrIva se rAjasiMhAsana para ArohaNa karane kI prArthanA kii| bhAI kI mRtyu kI kalpanA se vyathita hue sugrIva ne baDe kaSTa se siMhAsanArohaNa kiyA aura rAjakAja smhaalaa| kaI dinoM ke bAda mAyAvI rAkSasa ko parAsta kara vijayI vAli kiSkiMdhA meM vApasa lauttaa| sugrIva ko siMhAsana para dekha kara usakA sArA viveka tatkAla samApta ho gyaa| vastusthiti jAnane kI kSamatA usameM nahIM rhii| sugrIva kA sArA nivedana use banAvaTa lgaa| apane durjeya sAmarthya se usane sugrIva aura usake hanumAna, jAmbavan Adi anuyAyI varga ko nirvAsita kiyaa| RSi ke zApa ke kAraNa jisa pradeza meM vAli ko praveza karanA asambhava thA usa durgama pradeza meM eka nirvAcita rAjA ke samAna sugrIva ko vanavAsI jIvana bitAnA pdd'aa| viveka bhraSTa vAli ne bhAI ko nirvAsita kara pUrA badalA lene ke lie usakI patnI tArA ko apane antaHpura meM praviSTa kara diyaa| sItA kI khoja meM bhaTakate hue rAmacaMdrajI ko sugrIva-vAli ke virodha kA patA claa| vAli kA sAmarthya sugrIva se adhika thaa| vaha siMhAsanAdhIzvara thA aura jisa rAvaNa ne sItA kA apaharaNa kiyA thA, usako bhI isane parAsta kiyA thaa| rAvaNa ke virodha meM nirvAsita sugrIva kI apekSA usake balavattara bhAI kI maitrI saMpAdana karanA aura usake sahAya se rAvaNa ko parAsta kara sItA ko vApasa lAnA, vyAvahArika dRSTi se ucita hotaa| paraMtu rAmacaMdra jI ke dharma adharma viveka meM vAli jaise dharmabhraSTa aura vivekabhraSTa rAjA se maitrI karanA sammata nahIM thaa| unhoMne apane viveka ke anusAra sugrIva se hI sakhya kiyA aura bhrAtRpatnI kA apaharaNa karane vAle nItibhraSTa vAli kA yukti se saMhAra kiyaa| vAli ke vadha meM jisa yukti kA prayoga rAmacaMdrajI ne kiyA usakI naitikatA ke viSaya meM Aja ke vidvAna kAphI vivAda karate haiN| isa meM rAmacaMdrajI kA jo kucha doSa dikhAI detA hai vaha unake "manuSyatva" ke kAraNa kSamya mAnA jA sakatA hai| yuddha meM kabhI kabhI kapaTa nIti kA avalaMba karanA hI par3atA hai| vaha na kiyA to parAbhava evaM vinAza aTala hotA hai| vAli kI tulanA meM sugrIva adhika saMyamI aura vivekI avazya the paraMtu unakA saMyama aura viveka bhI atirikta sAmarthya ke AtmavizvAsa se kabhI kabhI chUTa jAtA hai| laMkA para AkramaNa karane ke lie rAmacaMdra tathA sugrIvAdi netA laMkA kA nirIkSaNa karate the| usa nirIkSaNa meM sugrIva kI AMkhe rAvaNa para pddiiN| unakA krodhAveza ekadama phUTa par3A aura vahIM se ve rAvaNa para kUda paDe evaM mArapITa kara vApasa aaye| turaMta zrI rAmacaMdrajIne unake avivekapUrNa parAkrama kI nirbhartsanA kii| zatru se saMgharSa karate samaya usake guNadoSa evaM balAbala kA yayArtha vicAra karate hue atyaMta saMyama aura viveka se saMgrAma karanA caahie| kevala mArakATa yAne yuddha nhiiN| svayaM rAmacaMdrajIne jaba rAvaNa ko samarAMgaNa meM apane saMmukha dekhA to ve usake mahanIya vyaktitva kI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA karate haiN| strIviSayaka pApavRtti na hotI to yaha pulastya RSi kA pautra sAkSAta indrapada ko vibhUSita karane kI yogyatA rakhatA hai, aisA apanA abhiprAya bhI ve vyakta karate haiM aura aMta meM usakA vadha karane ke bAda "maraNAntAni vairANi" kaha kara usake mRta zarIra ko namratA se praNAma karate haiN| rAmacaMdrajI ke isa Adarza AcaraNa kA prabhAva hiMdusthAna ke itihAsa meM kaI sthAnoM para dIkhatA hai| chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ne aphajalakhAna kA vadha karane ke bAda usakI kabara, usakI yogyatA ke anusAra svayaM bnvaayii| usa kalevara kA anAdara nahIM kiyA kAraNa "maraNAntAni vairANi" isa rAmavacana kA sanAtana saMskAra / paraMtu zivAjI mahArAja ke putra saMbhAjI kI nighRNa hatyA karane ke bAda usa chatrapati rAjA ke kalevara kA yathocita saMmAna auraMgajeba dvArA nahIM ho sakA, isa kA kAraNa "maraNAntAni vairANi' isa rAmAyaNIya maryAdA saMskAra usa mleccha bAdazAha ke antaHkaraNa para nahIM thaa| bhAratIya strIjIvana meM "pAtivratya" eka mahAna jIvanamUlya mAnA gayA hai| pAtivratya aura pativratA ye aise saMskRta zabda haiM jinake paryAya anya videzI bhASA meM nahIM milte| rAmAyaNa meM sItA kA vyaktitva isa mahanIya jIvanamUlya kA pratIka hai| svayaMvara ke bAda sItA ke vyaktitva meM jo anekavidha guNa prakaTa hue una saba kA mUla hai usakA utkaTatama pAtivratya "bhartRdevA hi nAryaH" isa bhAratIya saMskRti ke Adeza kA, sItA ne zata-pratizata pAlana kiyaa| patideva vanavAsa ke lie siddha hue taba sItA ne kahA "mere mAtA pitA ne mujhe bacapana se yahI par3hAyA hai ki kisI bhI avasthA meM pati kA anusaraNa karanA caahiye| usa zikSA kA mai Aja pAlana karUMgI aura Apake sAtha vanavAsa ke sAre kaSTa AnaMda se shuuNgii|" sItA ke pAtivratya kA divya svarUpa usake apaharaNa ke bAda vizeSa rUpa se prakaTa hotA hai| tribhuvanavijayI rAvaNa usakA anunaya karatA hai aura vaha mahApativratA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /83 For Private and Personal Use Only

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usakA ghora tiraskAra tathA apamAna karatI hai| apane pAtivratya ke divya teja se rAvaNa ko bhasmasAt karane kA sAmarthya rakhate hue bhI, dRDha saMyama se usakA viniyoga vaha nahIM karatI kyoM ki usase patideva ke parAkrama kA anAdara siddha hotaa| rAvaNa se vaha sApha kahatI hai ki "indra ke vajrAghAta se aura sAkSAta mRtyu ke daNDAghAta se tU baca sakegA paraMtu mahAvIra rAmacaMdra ke bANAghAta se tU nahIM baca skegaa| rAma kI zaraNa jAne meM hI terA kalyANa hai|" rAvaNa jaise paramavIra kA itanA ghora anAdara aura tiraskAra karane kA dhairya sItA ke atirikta anya kisI ne nahIM dikhAyA thaa| vaha zreSTha dhairya use vizuddha pAtivratya ke kAraNa prApta huA thaa| eka pativratA asahAya avasthA meM kitanA Atmabala vyakta karatI hai isakA darzana vAlmIkijI ne sItA ke vyaktitva meM dikhAyA hai| apane utkaTa pAtivratya ke isa divya teja kI parIkSA sItA ko svayaM patideva ke samakSa denI par3I thii| rAvaNa vadha ke bAda sustrAta hokara sItA prasanna antaHkaraNa se rAma ke darzana ko AtI hai| mana meM vaha socatI thI ki ve nitAnta sneha se merA svIkAra kreNge| paraMtu aisA nahIM huaa| rAkSasa saMhAra se merA kartavya pUrA huA hai| rAvaNa ke sparza se aura usakI pApadRSTi se dUSita hone ke kAraNa mai terA svIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| apane patideva ke isa pratiSedha kA uttara sItA ne agnidivya kara ke diyaa| sAkSAt agnideva ne usake niSkalaMka pAtivratya kA pramANa diyaa| dharmaniSTha pati dvArA nirvAsita hone ke bAda bhI dUsare vanavAsa meM sItA kI patibhakti meM lezamAtra aMtara nahIM pdd'aa| usa pativirahita duHsaha vanavAsa meM vaha pati ke kalyANa kI prArthanA devatAoM se karatI rahI kyoM ki vaha jAnatI thI ki kevala kaThora rAjadharma ke pAlana ke lie hI patideva ne merA parityAga kiyA hai| unake antaHkaraNa meM merA sthAna avicala hai| aMta meM vaha kahatI hai : "yathA'haM rAghavAdanyaM manasA'pi na cintye| tathA me pRthivi devi vivaraM daatumrhsi|" / -he pRthvI devI, mai apane mana meM rAmacandra ke atirikta anya kisI kA bhI cintana nahIM karatI, ataH tU mujhe apanI goda meM samA le| ina udgAroM ke sAtha sItA apanI pRthvImAtA ke goda meM adRzya ho jAtI hai| sItA kI mahanIyatA kA varNana karane ke liye saMsAra meM dUsarA koI upamAna nahIM hai| isIlie mahAkavi bhavabhUti kahate haiM : "sItA ityeva alm|" rAmAyaNa meM lakSmaNa, bharata aura zatrughna AtyaMtika baMdhuprema ke pratIka meM milate haiN| bharata, rAma kI pAdukA siMhAsana para rakha kara, upabhogazUnya vRtti se rAjya karate haiN| lakSmaNa, rAma kI sevA meM vanavAsa ke pradIrgha kAla meM animeSa jAgrata rahate haiM aura zatrughna, rAma kA viyoga sahana na hone ke kAraNa, unake sAhacarya ke lie apane kAryakSetra se ayodhyA meM vApasa lauTane kI icchA rakhate haiN| pArivArika evaM sAmAjika ekAtmatA nirmANa hone ke liye rAmAyaNa meM pradarzita yaha udAtta bhrAtRsneha kA Adarza vyakti vyakti ke antaHkaraNa meM dRDhamUla hone kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| rAmarAjya kI caritArthatA dhana dhAnya kI samRddhi meM jitanI hai, usase bar3ha kara raghuvaMza ke ina cAra satputroM ke sAttvika saMbaMdha meM dikhAI detI hai| bhASA, dharma, paMtha ityAdi bhedoM ke kAraNa paraspara vibhakta hone vAle Adhunika bhAratIya samAja meM ekatA yA ekAtmatA nirmANa karane ke lie sAre Adarza avicala rahane caahie| rAmAyaNa ke vihaMgAvalokana mAtra se vyakta hone vAle kucha mahanIya jIvanamUlyoM kA darzana isa saMkSipta prakaraNa meM diyA hai| saMpUrNa vAlmIki rAmAyaNa udAtta siddhAntoM kA bhANDAgAra hai| rAmAyaNa eka akhila bhAratIya mAnyatA prApta graMtha hone ke kAraNa anyAnya pradezoM meM pracalita rAmAyaNoM meM pAThabheda paryApta mAtrA meM milate haiN| una prAdezika pAThabhedoM kA darzana samprati upalabdha anyAnya saMskaraNoM meM hotA hai| gata zatAbdI meM rAmAyaNa ke jo bhinna bhinna saMskaraNa prakAzita hue, unameM prathama saMskaraNa san 1806 meM DaoN. vilyama kerI aura DaoN. jozuA mArzamena ina do IsAI pAdariyoM ne aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha rAmAyaNa ke prathama do khaMDoM kA prakAzana kiyaa| yaha saMskaraNa rAmAyaNa ke vAyavya pATha para AdhArita hai| san 1829 meM jarmana vidvAna zlegela ne prathama do kAMDoM kA prakAzana lAtina anuvAda ke sAtha kiyaa| saMpUrNa rAmAyaNa kA prakAzana sana 1843-1867 isa kAlAvadhi meM, goreziyo nAmaka romana vidvAna ne kiyaa| yaha saMskaraNa vaMgIya pATha para AdhArita hai| san 1888 meM muMbaI meM nirNayasAgara presa ne aura san 1912-1920 isa kAlAvadhi meM muMbaI ke gujarAtI presa ne sAta khaMDoM meM rAmAyaNa kA prakAzana kiyaa| ina donoM saMskaraNoM meM dAkSiNAtya pATha ko pramANa mAnA hai| san 1923-47 isa kAlAvadhi meM lAhaura meM paM. bhagavaddatta, paM. rAmalubhAyA aura paM. vizvabaMdhu dvArA saMpAdita rAmAyaNa kA prakAzana huaa| yaha saMskaraNa vAyavya pATha para AdhArita hai| abhI baDaudA vizvavidyAlaya dvArA rAmAyaNa ke pAThabhedoM kA taulanika adhyayana aura tadanusAra prAmANika saMskaraNa prasiddha huA hai| vAyavya, vaMgIya aura dAkSiNAtya pAThoM meM rAmAyaNa ke kathA prasaMgoM meM bhI vibhinnatA milatI hai| tInoM pAThoM meM samAna kathA prasaMgoM kA pramANa alpa hai| 4 rAmAyaNa kA kAla rAmAyaNa kI racanA kA kAla eka vivAdya viSaya hai| yAkobI, maikDonela, viMTaraniTjha, moniyara viliyamsa aura kAmila bulke ke matAnusAra mUla rAmAyaNa kI racanA i.pU. pAMcavI zatI mAnI gayI hai| kItha ke matAnusAra cauthI zatAbdI mUla kathA pATha para AdhArita hai| 1843-1867 isa kAlA aura san 1912-1920 isa mAnA hai| san 19 '84 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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TIkA kA kAla mAnA gayA hai| DaoN. zAMtikumAra nAnUrAma vyAsa, mUla rAmAyaNa ko racanA kAla pANinipUrva (yAne i.pU. 9 vIM zatI) mAnate haiN| isakA kAraNa pANini ke zivAdi gaNa meM ravaNa aura kakutstha zabda paThita haiM jinase "rAvaNa" aura "kAkutstha" zabda siddha hote haiN| "zUrpaNakhA" zabda kI siddhi bhI pANini ke sUtrAnusAra hotI hai| "nakhamukhAt saMjJAyAm" (4-1-58) isa sUtra ke kAraNa "zUrpaNakhI" ke alAvA "zUrpaNakhA" yaha saMjJAvAcaka zabda siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra ke aMtaraMga pramANoM se pANini kA rAmAyaNajJAna spaSTa hotA hai| ataH rAmAyaNa saMhitA pANini pUrva kAlIna mAnanA hI ucita hai| TIkAgraMtha vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kA mahattva kevala kAvya yA itihAsa kI hI dRSTi se nahIM mAnA gyaa| aneka vaiSNava saMpradAyoM meM vaha eka dharmagraMtha mAnA gayA hai| ataH rAmAyaNa ke vidvAna upAsakoM ne isa graMtha para apanI apanI dhAraNAoM ke anusAra TIkAgraMtha likhe hai| DA. ophrekTa kI sUcI ke anusAra 30 TIkAgraMtha likhe gye| inameM kucha mahattvapUrNa TIkAgraMtha : lekhaka 1) rAmAnujIya koNDADa rAmAnuja / I. 15 vIM zatI 2) sarvArthasAra veMkaTakRSNAdhvarI / I. 15 vIM shtii| 3) rAmAyaNadIpikA vaidyanAtha diikssit| 4) bRhavivaraNa aura laghuvivaraNa Izvara dIkSita / I. 15 vIM shtii| 5) rAmAyaNatattva dIpikA (tIrthIya) mahezvaratIrtha / I. 17 vIM shtii| 6) rAmAyaNabhUSaNa goviMdarAja (kAMcInivAsI / I. 18 vIM zatI) 7) vAlmIki-hadaya ahobala Atreya / I. 17 vIM shtii| 8) amRtakataka (kataka) maadhvyogii| I. 18 vIM shtii| ) rAmAyaNatilaka rAmavarmA / I. 18 vIM zatI (zRMgaverapura ke rAjA) 10) rAmAyaNaziromaNi vaMzIdhara / I. 19 vIM shtii| 11) manoharA lokamAnya ckrvrtii| I. 16 vIM shtii| 12) dharmAkUtam tryaMbakamakhI / I. 17 vIM shtii| 13) caturarthI AjJAnAmA/ isameM aneka padyoM ke cAra arthoM kA pradarzana kiyA hai| inake atirikta rAmAyaNatAtparyadIpikA, rAmAyaNa-tattvadarpaNa ityAdi TIkA graMthoM meM rAmAyaNa ke tAtparya kA pratipAdana karane kA prayAsa huA hai| 9 "mahAbhArata" hiMdusthAna ke sAMskRtika vAGmaya meM mahAbhArata kA mahattva atulanIya hai| AdikAvya (rAmAyaNa) ke samAna mahAbhArata bhI eka ArSa mahAkAvya mAnA jAtA hai, tathApi yaha mukhyataH itihAsa graMtha hai| mahAbhArata ke Adiparva meM svayaM graMthakAra ne "itihAsottamAdasmAd jAyante kavibuddhayaH / " (arthAt isa utkRSTa itihAsa graMtha se kaviyoM ko preraNA milatI rahatI hai) isa vAkyadvArA mahAbhArata kA itihAsatva udghoSita kiyA hai| bharatavaMzIya kaurava aura pAMDavoM ke mahAyuddha kA varNana isa graMtha kA kathA viSaya hai| pAraMpArika matAnusAra yaha yuddha dvApara yuga ke aMta meM huA aura usakI samApti ke pazcAt yudhiSThira ke rAjyAbhiSeka se yudhiSThira saMvat kA prAraMbha huaa| pracalita matAnusAra I.pU. 3101 varSa meM yudhiSThira saMvat prAraMbha huA tathApi I. sAtavIM sadI taka ke zilAlekhoM meM isa saMvat kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| varAhamihira ke matAnusAra zaka saMvatsara meM 2526 milA kara jo saMkhyA milatI hai usa varSa meM arthAt khristapUrva 2604 meM yudhiSThira kA rAjyArohaNa mAnA jAtA hai| lokamAnya tilaka I.pU. 1400 meM bhAratIya yuddha mAnate haiN| isa prakAra mahAbhAratIya yuddhakAla ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda dikhAI dete haiN| isakA kAraNa mahAbhAratIya vyaktiyoM ke nAma anyAnya prAcIna graMthoM meM milate haiM jaise atharvaveda ke kuntApasUkta meM parIkSit ke rAjazAsana kA varNana "jAyA patiM vipRcchati rASTra rAjJaH parIkSitaH" "janaH sa bhadramedhati rASTra rAjJaH parIkSitaH' (127-7,10) ityAdi vacanoM meM milatA hai| brAhmaNa graMthoM meM parIkSitputra janamejaya, duSyaMtaputra bharata aura vicitravIryaputra dhRtarASTra kA ullekha AtA hai| zAMkhayana zrautasUtra meM kauravoM ke parAjaya kA nirdeza milatA hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM bhISma, yudhiSThira, vidura ina nAmoM kI vyutpatti ke niyama diye haiN| ina ullekhoM se mahAbhAratIya vyaktiyoM kI tathA kurukSetra ke mahAyuddha kI aitihAsikatA siddha hotI hai| kaurava-pAMDavoM ke bhISaNa mahAyuddha kI aitihAsika kathA kRSNa dvaipAyana vyAsa ne racI aura apane pAMca ziSyoM ko vaha pddh'aaii| isa prathama graMtha kA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - grathakAra khaNDa /85 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAma "jaya nAmetihAso'yaM zrotavyo vijigISuNA (Adiparva a-63) isa vacana ke anusAra "jaya" thaa| isa prakAra yuddhoM kA varNana karane kI prathA vedakAla meM bhI thii| Rgveda ke 7 veM maMDala meM divodAsaputra sudAsa ne dasa rAjAoM para jisa yuddha meM vijaya prApta kI usa "dAzarAjJa yuddha" kA mahattva mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM evaM unase saMbaMdhita rAjavaMzoM kA varNana jisa vAGmaya meM hotA hai, use "itihAsa' saMjJA thii| zatapatha brAhmaNa evaM chAMdogya upaniSad meM purANa evaM itihAsa ko "veda" yA "paMcamaveda" saMjJA de kara usa vAGmaya ke prati Adara vyakta kiyA hai| vedoM kA artha samajhane kI yAjJikoM aura nairuktakoM kI paddhati thii| aitihAsikoM ke matoM kA nirdeza. yAskAcArya ke nirukta meM milatA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM "nArAzaMsI gAthA" nAmaka manuSya prazaMsAtmaka kAvyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ina pramANoM se itihAsa viSayaka kucha vAGmaya vaidika kAla meM bhI thA yaha siddha hotA hai| usI praNAlI meM kRSNa dvaipAyana kA "jaya" nAmaka itihAsa mAnanA caahie| vidyamAna mahAbhArata kA yahI mUlasrota thaa| isa prakAra ke yuddhavarNana para AdhArita vIrakAvya sUta yA baMdI jana rAjasabhAoM meM yA raNabhUmi para, vIroM ko protsAhita karane ke hetu gAte the| yaha paddhati Adhunika kAla taba samAja meM pracalita thii| zivAjI mahArAja kI rAjasabhA me "povADA" nAmaka marAThI vIrakAvyoM kA gAyana vIroM ko protsAhita karane ke nimitta hotA thaa| rAjapUta rAjAoM kI sabhA meM bhI isa prakAra ke vIrakAvyoM kA gAyana hotA thA isake pramANa milate haiN| mUla "jaya" graMtha bhI sUtoM dvArA rAjasabhAoM meM gAyA jAtA hogA isa meM saMdeha nhiiN| mUla jaya graMtha kI zlokasaMkhyA paraMparA ke anusAra ATha sahasra mAnI jAtI hai| isI "jaya" graMtha kA dvitIya saMskaraNa 24 sahasra zlokoM meM huA, jisakA nAma "caturviMzatisAhasrI cakre bhaartsNhitaam| upAkhyAnairvinA tAvad bhArataM procyate budhaiH" isa prasiddha zloka ke anusAra kevala "bhArata" thaa| isa "bhArata" saMhitA meM mahAbhArata meM yatra tatra milane vAle "upAkhyAna" nahIM the| "manvAdi bhArata kecid AstikAdi tayA pre| tathoparicarAdanye viprAH samyagadhIyate / / " isa zloka ke anusAra, "manuzloka" (nArAyaNaM namaskRtya naraM caiva nrottmm| devI sarasvatI vyAsaM tato jayamudIrayet / / isa vaMdanaparaka zloka ko "manu" kahate haiN|) se athavA Astika AkhyAna se yA to uparicara vasu (bhagavAna vyAsa ke mAtAmaha) ke AkhyAna se mAnA jAtA hai| isI graMtha kA tIsarA yA aMtima saMskaraNa sauti ugrazravA ke dvArA mAnA jAtA hai| isI saMskaraNa ko "mahAbhArata" kahate haiM jisake antargata bhAratokta itihAsa meM aneka AkhyAnoM upAkhyAnoM; tIrthakSetra- varNanoM, rAjanIti viSayaka saMvAdoM ityAdi vividha viSayoM kA antarbhAva ho kara, zlokasaMkhyA eka lAkha taka huii| yaha mahAbhArata prAcIna paddhati kA jJAnakoza mAnA jAtA hai| dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina caturvidha puruSArtha ke saMbaMdha meM mahAbhArata meM jitanA sUkSma vivecana milatA hai utanA saMsAra ke anya kisI eka graMtha meM nahIM miltaa| ___ "yathA samudro bhagavAn yathA merurmhaagiriH| khyAtAvubhau ratnanidhI tathA bhaartmcyute|| ___ dharme cArthe ca kAme ca mokSe ca bhrtrssbh| yadihAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tat kvacit / / " ina suprasiddha zlokoM meM mahAbhArata kI mahimA batAyI gayI hai| bhAratIya hiMdusamAja meM isa graMtha kI yogyatA Rgveda ke samAna mAnI gayI hai| brahmayajJa meM isakA "svAdhyAya' vihita mAnA gayA hai| gata 15-20 zatAbdiyoM meM hiMdu samAja ke hRdaya para isa graMtha kA adhirAjya hai| bhArata ke bAharI dezoM meM bhI isakA prabhAva vyakta huA hai| i. dUsarI zatI ke grIka vAGmaya meM isake ullekha milate haiN| I. chaThI zatI meM kAMboDiyA ke maMdiroM meM isakA vAcana hotA thaa| sAtavIM zatI meM maMgoliyA ke loga hiDiMbavadha jaise AkhyAna kAvyarUpa meM gAte the| dasavIM zatI ke pUrva jAvA dvIpa meM saMpUrNa mahAbhArata kA anuvAda huA thaa| I. 19 vIM zatI meM phrAMjha bA~pa ne sarvaprathama mahAbhArata ke nalokhyAna kA rUpAMtara jarmana bhASA meM kiyA taba usa AkhyAna kI apUrvatA se yUropIya vidvAna cakita hue the| sana 1846 meM aMDAlpha hAlTajhamana ne jarmana bhASA meM isa saMpUrNa graMtha kA yUropa ko prathama paricaya yathAzakti kraayaa| saMpUrNa mahAbhArata kA vibhAjana 18 paryoM meM kiyA gayA hai| "harivaMza" nAmaka graMtha isakA pariziSTa mAnA jAtA hai jisake harivaMzaparva, viSNuparva aura bhaviSyaparva nAmaka tIna bhAgoM kI saMpUrNa adhyAya saMkhyA 318 aura zloka saMkhyA 20 hajAra se adhika hai| mahAbhArata meM zrIkRSNa kA uttaracaritra milatA hai| harivaMza ke viSNuparva meM unakA bAlya evaM yauvana kAla kA caritra citrita kiyA hai| paraMparAgata kathA ke anusAra "jaya" graMtha kA "mahAbhArata" ke rUpa meM vikAsa hone kA kArya bhagavAna vyAsa ke anaMtara eka do pIr3hiyoM meM mAnA jAtA hai| paraMtu usa graMtha kA vistAra, bhASA vaicitrya vividha kathAeM, varNana aura saMvAdAtmaka carcA kA parizIlana karane vAle Adhunika vidvAna mahAbhArata graMtha kA vikAsa itanA zIghra nahI maante| unake matAnusAra yaha vikAsa hone ke lie kucha zatAbdIyoM kA samaya lagA hogaa| AzvalayAna gRhyasUtra meM "sumantu-jaimini-vaizampAyana-Saila-sUtrabhASyabhArata mahAbhArata-dharmocAryAH tRpyantu" ityAdi taparNasUtra ke anusAra vidyamAna mahAbhArata kI uttara maryAdA gRhyasUtroM se pUrvakAlIna (arthAt I.pU. chaThI zatI ke pUrva) mAnI jAtI hai| mahAbhArata meM zaka, yavana pahlava jaise parakIya logoM kA nirdeza milatA hai| ina parakIyoM ke isa deza 86 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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para AkramaNa I.pU. 4 thI se I. 1-2 zatI taka hote the| arthAt ina AkramaNoM kA nirdeza karane vAle zloka usa kAla ke bAda meM likhe gye| isa prakAra prAcIna mahAbhArata meM kucha aMza prakSipta mAnA jAtA hai| "jaya" graMtha se le kara usakA aMtima saMskaraNa hote taka ke kAlakhaMDa meM mUlagraMtha ke svarUpa meM jisa krama se parivartana hotA gayA, usakI yathArtha kalpanA Aja karanA asaMbhava hai| sautI dvArA hue tRtIya saMskaraNa kA svarUpa kyA thA yaha bhI jAnanA kaThina hai| bhArata varSa jaise khaMDaprAya vizAla deza meM, isa graMtha kA pracAra sUtavarga dvArA maukhika rUpa meM sadiyoM tA calatA rhaa| saikar3o lekhakoM ne usakI pAMDulipiyAM karate samaya anavadhAna se bharapUra pramAda kie| ina saba kAraNoM se mahAbhArata kI prAcIta hastalikhita pratiyoM meM kahIM bhI ekarUpatA nahIM miltii| ina vividha prAcIna pratiyoM kA taulanika adhyayana karate hue mahAbhArata kA adhikAMza prAmANika saMskaraNa karane kA kArya, puNe kI bhAMDArakara prAcya vidyAmaMdira dvArA huA hai| sAmAnya adhyetAoM ke liye mahAbhArata ke sAragraMtha saMpAdana karane ke bhI prayatna hue| isI zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM zrI cintAmaNarAva vaidya ne "saMkSiptabhAratam" kA saMpAdana kiyA thA jisa meM zloka saMkhyA 8 hajAra thii| san 1954 meM pusada (mahArASTra) ke suprasiddha sAmAjika kAryakartA zrI. zaMkara sakhArAma saranAIka ne mAhura (mAtApura vidarbha) ke vidvAna paM. vA. gaM. jozI ke pradhAna saMpAdakatva meM "mahAbhAratasAraH'' tIna khaMDoM meM prakAzita kiyA, jisakI zlokasaMkhyA 24 hajAra se adhika hai| (ina saMpAdana kArya meM sahabhAgI hone kA sadbhAgya prastuta lekhaka ko bhI milA thA) ye donoM sAragraMtha Aja durlabha haiN| rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata meM paurvAparya gata zatAbdI meM prasiddha jarmana paMDita vebara ne bhAratIya paraMparAgata mata ke pratikUla yaha mata upasthita kiyA ki rAmAyaNa kI apekSA mahAbhArata kI racanA pahale huii| paraMtu yAkobI, zlegela, viMTaraniTjha ityAdi anya yUropIya vidvAna rAmAyaNa ko mahAbhArata se pUrvakAlIna hI mAnate haiN| isa vivAda meM rAmAyaNa kA uttarakAlInatva pratipAdana karane vAloM kA kahanA hai ki, mahAbhArata meM varNita lokasthiti prakSobhayukta, saMgharSayukta evaM avyavasthita hai, paraMtu rAmAyaNa meM varNita paristhiti mahAbhArata kI apekSA adhika zAMta, vyavasthita, susaMskRta evaM AdarzavAdI hai| saMskRti kA vikAsa mahAbhArata kI apekSA rAmAyaNa meM adhika mAtrA meM pratIta hotA hai| rAmAyaNa meM sundara padavinyAsa tathA racanA kI subodhatA usakI uttarakAlInatA kA dyotaka hai| paraMtu isa vivAda meM rAmAyaNa kI uttara kAlInatA kA khaMDana vidvAnoM ne aneka pramANa de kara kiyA hai| rAmAyaNa meM rIcha aura vAnaravIroM kA ullekha, dazamukhI rAvaNa, sAgara para setu kA nirmANa, hanumAn dvArA laMkAdahana jaisI adbhutatA kA pramANa mahAbhArata kI apekSA adhika hai| mahAbhArata meM mleccha samAja tathA bhASA kA ullekha AtA hai| rAmAyaNa meM mlecchoM kA nAma bhI nahIM hai| mahAbhArata meM saMpUrNa bhAratavarSa meM vyavasthita evaM suzAsita Arya sabhyatA dikhAI detI hai, paraMtu rAmAyaNa meM dakSiNa bhArata meM vAnara evaM rAkSasa samAja kI sabhyatA kA darzana hotA hai| Arya sabhyatA uttara bhArata taka sImiti thii| mahAbhArata meM yuddha kA varNana pragata avasthA meM dIkhatA hai jaba ki rAmAyaNa ke vAnaravIra vRkSoM evaM pattharoM se, pratipakSI rAkSasavIroM se saMgrAma karate haiN| ina pramANoM ke atirikta sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa yaha hai ki rAmAyaNa meM mahAbhArata ki ghaTanAoM tathA pAtroM kA ullekha taka nahIM hai, paraMtu mahAbhArata meM saMpUrNa rAmakathA vanaparva meM (a. 274-291) varNita hai| mahAbhArata ke isa upAkhyAna meM vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa ke zloka zabdazaH milate haiN| rAmAyaNa ke nAyaka evaM khala nAyaka, mahAbhArata meM upamAna hue haiN| Adi parva meM bhISma aura droNa kI prazaMsA meM unhe zrIrAma kI upamA dI hai| sabhAparva meM dyUtakrIDA ke prati yudhiSThira ke moha kA varNana karate hue rAmAyaNa ke kAMcanamRga se mohita rAma kA dRSTAMta diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke aura bhI anya kucha pramANoM ke AdhAra para vebara dvArA uThAe gaye mahAbhArata kI uttarakAlInatA ke pakSa kA vidvAnoM ne saMpUrNatayA khaMDana kara paraMparAgata rAmAyaNa kI pUrvakAlInatA prasthApita kI hai| aba yaha vivAda samApta ho cukA hai| mahAbhArata ke 18 paryoM ke nAma : 1) Adi, 2) sabhA, 3) vana, 4) virATa, 5) udyoga, 6) bhISma, 7) droNa, 8) karNa, 9) zalya, 10) sauptika, 11) strI, 12) zAMti 13) anuzAsana, 14) Azvamedhika, 15) AzramavAsika, 16) mausala, 17) mahAprasthAnika aura 18) svrgaarohnn| ina ke atirikta khila parva nAmaka 19 vA parva harivaMza nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha khila parva sautidvArA granthapUrti nimitta nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| 10 sAhitya meM mahAbhArata mahAbhArata kaviyoM kA upajIvya graMtha hai| svayaM mahAbhAratakAra ne "itihAsottamAdasmAjjAyante kavibuddhayaH" isa zloka meM, apane graMtha se kaviyoM ko sphUrti milatI hai yaha jo ghoSaNA kI vaha sarvathA yathArya hai| i.pU. dUsarI sadI se Aja taka saMskRta tathA anya prAdezika bhASAoM ke sAhityikoM ne kAvya-nATaka campU ityAdi vividha prakAra ke graMtha mahAbhArata se preraNA lekara likhe haiN| paMtajali ke mahAbhASya meM (I.pU.2 zatI) kaMsavadha aura balibandha nAmaka do nATakoM ke prayoga kA ullekha AtA hai| samasta saMskRta nATyavAGmaya meM yahI sarvaprathama jJAta nATaka mAne jAte haiN| ina donoM nATakoM ke viSaya harivaMza tathA mahAbhArata ke AkhyAna se lie gae haiN| bhAsa kA samaya I-2 zatI mAnA jAtA hai| bhAsanATakacakra ke 13 nATakoM meM se madhyamavyAyoga, paMcarAtra, dUtaghaTotkaca, karNabhAra, UrubhaMga, aura bAlacarita ye chaha nATaka mahAbhArata tathA harivaMza para AdhArita haiN| kAlidAsa ke tIna bhAratavarSa mA kA darzana hotA hai| Arya sabhA evaM pattharoM se, pratipakSI rAkSApAtroM kA ullekha taka nahIMga ke zloka saMskRta vAGmaya koza- graMthakAra khaNDa/87 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nATakoM meM do nATakoM, (zAkuntala aura vikramorvazIya), ke kathAnaka mahAbhArata se lie hue haiN| bhaTTa nArAyaNa (I. 8 vIM zatI) ke veNIsaMhAra nATaka kA viSaya to bhAratIya yuddha hI hai| abhinavagupta ke dhvanyAlokalocana meM pANDavAnanda ityAdi mahAbhArata para AdhArita nATakoM kA ullekha huA hai| ina ke atirikta rAjazekhara kA bAlabhArata (athavA pracaNDapAMDava), kSemendra kA citrabhArata, hemacandra kA nirbhayabhIma, kulazekhara kA subhadrAdhanaMjaya, ravivarmA kA pradyumnAbhyudaya, prahlAdadeva kA pArthaparAkrama, vijaya pAla kA draupadI-svayaMvara, vizvanAtha kA saugandhikA-haraNa, rAmacandra kA yAdavAbhyudaya, rAmavarmA kA rukmiNI-pariNaya, zeSacintApaNi kA rukmiNIharaNa, zeSakRSNa kA kaMsavadha ityAdi aneka nATaka mahAbhArata evaM harivaMza para AdhArita haiN| mahAbhArata para AdhArita kAvyagraMthoM meM vAkATakanRpati sarvasena (I. 4 thI zatI) kRta harivijaya, bhAravikRta kirAtArjunIya, mAghakRta zizupAlavadha, zrIharSakRta naiSadhacarita, vAmanabhaTTakRta nalAbhyudaya, amaracandrasUrikRta bAlabhArata, vAstupAlakRta nArAyaNAnanda loliMbarAjakRta harivilAsa, veMkaTanAthakRta yAdavAbhyudaya, rAjUcaDAmaNi dIkSita kRta rukmiNIkalyANa, vAsudevakRta nalodaya, jayadevakRta gItagoviMda ityAdi graMtha saMskRta sAhitya meM mahattvapUrNa haiN| bahulArtha kAvyoM meM kavirAjakRta rAghavapANDavIya, haradattasUrikRta rAghavanaiSadhIya, nalayAdava-pAMDava-rAghavIya (le-ajJAta) ityAdi kAvyoM meM mahAbhAratIya kathA varNita huI hai| usI prakAra trivikrama bhaTTa (I.10 vIM zatI) kRta nalacampU, anantabhaTTakRta bhAratacampU, zeSakRSNa kRta pArijAta-haraNacampU ityAdi graMtha mahAbhArata tathA harivaMza para AdhArita haiN| arvAcIna saMskRta sAhityikoM ne bhI yaha paraMparA yathApUrva cAlU rakhI hai| mahAbhArata kI TIkAeM 1) jJAnadIpikA : le-paramahaMsa parivrAjakAcArya devabodha yA devsvaamii| yaha mahAbhArata kI sarva prathama upalabdha TIkA Adi, sabhA, bhISma tathA udyoga parva para prakAzita ho cukI hai| samaya I. 12 vIM zatI ke pUrva / 2) viSamazlokI : (yA durghaTArtha-prakAzinI yA durbodapadabhaMjinI) le-vimalabodha (I.12 vIM zatI) yaha TIkA aThArahoM parvo para upalabdha hai| isake kucha aMza prakAzita hue haiN| 3) bhAratArtha-prakAza : le-nArAyaNa srvjny| I.12 vIM shtii| inhoMne manvarthavRtti nibaMdha nAmaka manusmRti kI TIkA bhI likhI hai| inakI virATa tathA udyoga parva kI TIkA prakAzita hai| 4) bhAratopAyaprakAza : le-caturbhuja mishr| I.14 vIM shtii| virATa parva kI TIkA prakAzita hai|| 5) prakriyAmaMjarI : le-AnandapUrNa (vidyAsAgara) I.15 vIM shtii| Adi, sabhA, bhISma, zAnti, tathA anuzAsana ina pAMca parvo kI TIkA upalabdha hai| ye govAnareza kadaMbavaMzI kAmadeva ke Azrita the| inhoMne mahAbhArata ke prAcIna TIkAkAroM meM arjuna, jagaddhara, jarnAdana, muni, lakSmaNa (TIkA viSamoddhAriNI jo sabhA tathA virATa parva para upalabdha hai) vidyAnidhi bhaTTa tathA sRSTidhara ina ke nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| 6) bhAratArthadIpikA (bhAratasaMgrahI dIpikA) : le-arjuna mishr| baMgAla nivaasii| I.14 vIM shtii| virATa tathA udyogaparva kI TIkA prakAzita huI haiN| inhoMne prAcIna TIkAkAroM meM devabodha, vimalabodha, zANDilya tathA sUryanArAyaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| 7) nigUDhArthA padbodhinI : le-naaraaynn| I.14 vIM shtii| 8) lakSAbharaNa (lakSAlaMkAra) : le-vAdirAja / I. 16 vIM shtii| maadhvsNprdaayii| virATa tathA udyoga parva kI TIkA prkaashit| 1) bhAratabhAvadIpa : le-nIlakaNTha caturdhara (caudhrii)| koparagAva (z2ilA ahamadanagara, mahArASTra) ke nivaasii| samaya I.17 vIM shtii| kAzI meM likhI gayI yaha TIkA saMpUrNa 18 parvo para hai| mahAbhArata kI yaha aMtima evaM sarvokRSTa TIkA mAnI jAtI hai| nIlakaNTha ke mantrarAmAyaNa evaM maMtrabhAgavata meM rAmAyaNa tathA bhAgavata kI kathA se saMbaMdhita maMtra Rgveda se kramabaddha saMgRhIta haiN| ina TIkAoM ke atirikta vaizampAyana kRta zAntiparva ke mokSadharma para TIkA upalabdha hai| 11 mahAbhArata kI vicAradhArA zAMtiparva evaM anuzAsanaparva mahAbhArata ke saiddhAntika nidhAna mAne jAte haiN| usI prakAra bhISmaparva ke antargata bhagavadgItA eka upaniSada yA tattvajJAna kI prasthAnatrI meM se eka pRthak "prasthAna" mAnA jAtA hai| bhArata evaM samasta vizva ke tattvaciMtakoM ko zrImadbhagavadgItAne abhI taka prabodhita kiyA hai aura Age bhI vaha karate rhegii| bhaktiyoga, karmayoga, jJAnayoga evaM rAjayoga ina caturvidha yogazAstroM ke anusAra jIvana kA mArmika tattvadarzana bhagavadgItA meM huA hai| sabhI saMpradAyoM ke mahanIya AcAryoM ne apane apane siddhAMta kI paripuSTi karane kI dRSTi se gItA para TIkAeM likhii| 12 vIM zatI meM mahArASTra ke santaziromaNi jJAnezvara kI bhAvArthabodhinI yA jJAnezvarI nAmaka marAThI chaMdabodha TIkA kavitva, rasikatva aura paratattvasparza kI dRSTi se sarvottama mAnI jAtI hai| zAMtiparva aura anuzAsana parva meM bhISmayudhiSThira saMvAda meM dharma, artha, nIti, adhyAtma, vyavahAra ityAdi vividha viSayoM ke vivAdya prazroM kA vivecana Ane ke kAraNa mahAbhArata kA yaha bhAga prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kA jJAnakoza mAnA jAtA hai| isa samasta jJAna ke pravaktA bhISmAcArya, jinake bAre meM svayaM bhagavAn kRSNa kahate haiM ki 88 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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"sa hi bhUtaM bhaviSyacca bhavacca bhrtrssbh| vetti dharmavidAM zreSThaH tamasmi zaraNaM gataH / / " vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSya kAla ke jJAnI hone ke kAraNa bhISma ke pratipAdana meM aneka prAcIna kathAoM kA ullekha AtA hai| ataH isa saMvAda ko kucha vidvAna "itihAsa saMvAda" kahate haiN| zAMtiparva meM varNAzrama dharma kA dharmazAstrAnusAra pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| paraMtu saMnyAsAzrama ke viSaya meM zakratApasa saMvAda ke antargata vizeSa cetAvanI dI hai ki bAlyAvasthA meM yA ajJAnI dazA meM saMnyAsa nahIM denA caahie| mokSa kevala saMnyAsa se hI milane kI saMbhAvanA hotI to, ___"parvatAzca drumAzcaiva kSipraM siddhimvaapnuyH||" / arthAt parvata aura vRkSa saMnyAsI jaise nissaMga hone ke kAraNa tatkAla mokSaprApti ke adhikArI hoNge| isa prakAra samAja vighAtaka anucita saMnyAsa kA niSedha zAMtiparva meM kiyA gayA hai| sabhI vargoM ke liye sAdhAraNa dharma zAMtiparva ke antargata pArAzara janaka saMvAda meM batAyA gayA hai| pArAzara RSi janaka ko kahate hai : "AnRzaMsyamahiMsAcAprasAdaH sNvibhaagitaa| zrAddhakarmatitheyaM ca satyamakrodha eva c|| sveSu dAreSu santoSaH zaucaM nityaansuuytaa| AtmajJAnaM titikSA ca dharmAH sAdhAraNA nRpa / / (prANimAtra ke prati anukaMpA, viveka, dhanAdi kA dAna, zrAddhakarma, atithisatkAra, satyabhASaNa, krodha, saMyama, svapatnI meM saMtoSa, zucitva, advaita, AtmajJAna aura sahanazIlatA yaha sarva mAnava lie sAdhAraNa dharma hai| mahAbhArata meM cAroM vargoM ke karma dharmazAstra ke anusAra hI batAe haiN| tathApi zAstravihita karma se upajIvikA honA asambhava hone para traivarNikoM ke lie anya vargoM ke karma karate hue upajIvikA nibhAne ke pakSa meM anukUla matapradarzana kiyA hai : kSatradharmA vaizyadharmA nAvRttiH patate dvijH|| zUdradharmA yadA tu syAt tadA patati vai dvijaH / / isa zloka meM zUdravRtti (arthAta paricaryAtmakarma) ke atirikta anya vargoM ke karma karane se vRttihIna dvijoM kA patana nahIM hotaa| bhArata para AkramaNa karane ke uddezya se Aye hue zaka, yavana, pahlava ityAdi parakIya logoM ko mahAbhArata "dasyu" kahatA haiN| ina parakIyoM ko rASTrIya samAja meM antarbhUta karane kA prazna usa samaya meM uThA hogaa| isa viSaya meM zAMtiparva ke 65 veM adhyAya meM vivecana milatA hai| ina dasyuoM ne mAtA, pitA, guru, AcArya, tapasvI jaise zreSThoM kI sevA karanA, ahiMsA, satya, zAMti se vyavahAra karanA aura aSTakAdi pAkayajJa karanA hI dharma hai, isa prakAra mArgadarzana mahAbhArata ne kiyA hai| isa Adeza se parakIya samAja ko rASTrIya samAja ke samakakSa karane kI vRtti vyakta hotI hai| isI udAra vRtti ke kAraNa prAcIna kAla meM bhArata meM praviSTa hue grIka, zaka, kuzANa, hUNa, gurjara ityAdi parakIya samAja ke loga isa deza ke rASTrIya samAja meM samAviSTa hokara ziva, skanda, vAsudeva ityAdi bhAratIya devatAoM ke upAsaka bane the| prAcIna zilAlekhoM evaM nANakoM ke pramANa se yaha tathya siddha huA hai : zAntiparva ke antargata rAjadharma yA rAjanIti viSayaka carcA kula 76 adhyAyoM meM huI hai| prAcIna vAGmaya meM rAjanIti kA antarbhAva "arthazAstra' meM hotA thaa| isI kAraNa zAntiparva meM isa carcA ke prAstAvika zloka meM "arthazAstra" zabda kA prayoga huA hai| rAjasattA kA udaya batAte hue, manu kI kathA batAI gayI hai| jisa samaya rAjasaMsthA kA sarvathA abhAva thA usa samaya meM "mAtsyanyAya" cala rahA thaa| prabala adhArmika loga, durbala dhArmika logoM kA vinAza kara rahe the| aisI bhayAnaka avasthA meM brahmAjI ne manu ko rAjA hokara prajArakSaNa karane kA Adeza diyaa| jaba manu ne kahA : "bibhemi karmaNaH pApAd rAjyaM hi bhRshdustrm| vizeSato manuSyeSu mithyAvRtteSu nitydaa|| (mithyAcaraNI manuSyoM para rAja calAnA duSkara karma hai ataH isa kAraNa lagane vAle pApa kA mujhe Dara lagatA hai|) maiM rAjA honA nahIM caahtaa| taba logoM ne kahA durAcAra kA pApa, durAcAriyoM ko hI lagegA- "kartRn eno gmissyti"| aura prajAnana jo puNyAcaraNa kareMge usakA caturthAMza rAjA ko prApta hogaa| isake atirikta prajA ke dhana kA pacAsavAM bhAga, aura dhAnya kA dasavAM bhAga bhI rAjA ko milegaa| isa prakAra AdAna pradAna kA sAmAjika saMketa (sozala kaoNnTraeNkTa) nizcita ho kara manu ne rAjapada kA svIkAra kiyaa| rAjA kA rAjyAbhiSeka hotA thA, taba usase pratijJA kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| vaha pratijJA thI: "pratijJAM cAdhirohasva karmaNA manasA giraa| pAlayiSyAmyahaM bhaumaM brahma ityeva cAsakRt / / " yazcA'tra dharmo nityokto dnnddniiti-vypaashryH| tamazaGka kariSyAmi svavazo na kadAcana / / mai prajA kI dharma saMskRti kA rakSaNa karUMgA, rAjanItizAstra ke anusAra bartAva karUMgA, svecchA se kabhI bhI vyavahAra nahIM karUMgA isa prakAra kA Azaya isa pratijJA meM bharA huA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 89 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prajA kA pAlana hI rAjA kA mukhya kartavya hai, isa siddhAnta ko sthira karane ke lie zAMtiparva meM (dharmazAstra ke anusAra) niyama batAyA gayA ki "pratyAhartumazakyaM syAd dhanaM caurerhataM ydi| tatsvakozAt pradeyaM syAdazaktenopajIvataH / / coroM dvArA lUTA gayA prajAnana kA dhana, coroM se milane ke prayatna meM apayaza Ane para rAjA ne apane nijI koza se denA caahie| prajApAlana kA saMpUrNa dAyitva rAjA ko nibhAnA cAhie, yaha siddhAnta isa prakAra ke niyamoM dvArA dRDhamUla kiyA gayA thaa| rAjya kevala saMrakSaka hI nahIM api tu kalyANakArI honA cAhie yahI bhI tattva zAMtiparva meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| bhISmAcArya kahate haiM : "kRpaNAnAthaMvRddhAnAM vidhavAnAM ca yossitaam| yogakSemaM ca vRttiM ca nityameva prakalpayet / / AzrameSu yathAkAlaM cailbhaajnbhojnm| sadaivopahared rAjA satkRtyAbhyarcya mAnya c|| jIvikAhIna anAtha, vRddha tathA vidhavA striyoM kA pAlana saMrakSaNa karanA evaM vidyA pradAna karane vAle Azrama, gurukula, maTha, maMdiroM meM rahane vAle vidvAna tapasvI logoM ko anna, vastra pAtra Adi saba Avazyaka sAdhana denA yaha sArA dAyitva rAjA kA hI mAnA gayA hai| vArdhakya vRtti (olDa eja penzana) kI yojanA iMglaMDa jaise pAzcAtya rASTra meM Adhunika kAla meM mAnya huI hai| mahAbhAratakAra ne yaha yojanA kaliyuga ke prAraMbha meM siddhAnta rUpa se pratipAdana kI hai| rAjA ke amAtya athavA tatsama zreSTha adhikArI cAroM varSoM se cune jAnA cAhiye yaha mata, "caturo brAhmaNAn vaidyAn pragalbhAn srAtakAn shuciin| kSatriyAMzva tathA cASTau balinaH zastrapANinaH / vaizyAn vittena sampannAn ekviNshtisNkhyyaa| trIzca zUdrAn vinItAMzca zucIn karmaNi pUrvake / / ina zlokoM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| rAjA kI maMtripariSada meM cAra brAhmaNa, ATha kSatriya, ikkIsa vaizya aura tIna zUdra milA kara jo 26 adhikArI niyukta kiye jAte the, ve sabhI vidyA, vinaya, zucitva ityAdi guNoM se yukta honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| ina guNoM se hIna adhikArI zAsana meM aura samAja meM bhI bhraSTAcAra ko baDhAvA dete haiN| mahAbhArata ke samaya meM rAjasattA ke samAna gaNasattA yA gaNataMtrAtmaka rAjya bhI astitva meM the| gaNarAjya kI abhivRddhi tathA surakSA ke hetu Avazyaka bAtoM kA savistara kathana bhISmAcArya ne kiyA hai jo Aja kI paristhiti meM bhI upakAraka hai| bhISma kahate haiM- lobha, krodha tathA bheda jaise doSoM se gaNarAjyoM ko bhaya hotA hai| gaNarAjya kI pariSad meM maMtracarcA sAre sadasyoM kI sabhA meM nahIM honI caahie| viziSTa yogyatA prApta sadasyoM kI sabhA meM hI carcA ho kara gaNa ke hita ke kArya karane caahie| isakA kAraNa : jAtyA ca sadRzAH sarve kulena sdRshaastthaa| na codyogena buddhayA vA rUpa-dravyeNa vA punH|| gaNa ke sadasya jAti yA kula dRSTyA samAna hone para bhI udyoga buddhimattA, dhanasampatti meM samAna nahIM hote| ___ kara ke viSaya meM bhISmAcArya kI sUcanA hai ki, "UdhazchiMdyAna tu yo dhenvAH kSIrArthI na labhet pyH| (gAya kA stanapiNDa kATane vAle ko dUdha nahIM milatA) ataH prajA para asahya karabhAra lAda kara usakA zoSaNa nahIM karanA caahie| lobhI vaNigjana mAla ke mUlya ekadama bar3hA kara grAhakoM kA zoSaNa karate haiN| ataH sabhI vikreya vastuoM ke mUlya rAjA ne nirdhArita karane caahie| zrotriya (vedAdhyAyI) brAhmaNoM se kara nahIM lenA caahie| azrotriya tathA agnihotra na karane vAle brAhmaNoM ko karamukti nahIM denI caahie| aise logoM se sakhta kAma karavA lene caahie| rAjyaRNa (sTeTa lona) ke viSayoM meM bhI maulika sUcanAeM bhISmAcArya ne dI haiN| avinIta tathA prajApIDaka duSTa rAjA kA niyamana hara prayatna se Avazyaka hone para zastra prayoga se bhI karanA brAhmaNoM kA kartavya mAnA gayA hai| ___"tapasA brahmacaryeNa zastreNa ca balena c| amAyayA mAyayA ca niyantavyaM yadA bhvet||" isI prakAra dasyuoM (parakIya AkramaNoM) dvArA AkramaNa hone para agara kSatriya vIra asamartha siddha hue to brAhmaNoM ne zastradhAraNa karanA adharma nahIM maanaa| arthazAstra yA rAjadharma ke sAtha mokSadharma kA bhI mArmika vivecana zAMtiparva tathA Azvamedhika parva ke saMvAdoM meM huA hai| zAMtiparva ke sulabhA-janaka saMvAda meM karmaniSThA, jJAnaniSThA aura ina donoM niSThAoM se bhinna tIsarI niSThA mokSArthiyoM ke lie batAyI hai| varNAzrama ke vidhiniSedhoM kI prazaMsA "zAzvata bhUtipatha" (abhyudaya kA mArga) isa zabda meM kI hai| sanAtana vaidika dharma meM pazuyAga kA vidhAna hai, paraMtu Azvamedhika parva ke zakraRtvik saMvAda meM, yajJa nimitta pazuhavana karAne vAle zakra ko RSi kahate haiM : dharmopadhAnatastveSa samArambhastava prbho| nAyaM dharmakRto yajJo na hiMsA dharma ucyate / / jisa meM hiMsA ho rahI hai aisA yaha yajJa dharmakRtya nahIM hai| yaha dharma vighAtaka karma hai| hiMsA ko dharma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa vivAda kA nirNaya karane ke lie ve vasu rAjA ke pAsa gye| una donoM kA pakSa suna kara vasu rAjAne nirNaya diyA : 90/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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"urcha mUlaM phalaM zAkamupAdAya tpodhnaaH| dAnaM vibhavato dattvA narAH svayanti dhArmikAH / / eSa dharmo mahAyogo dAnaM bhUtadayA tthaa| brahmacarya tathA satyamanukrozo dhRtiH kssmaa| sanAtanasya dharmasya mUlametat sanAtanam / / isI vicAradhArA kA samarthana karane vAlI nevale kI kathA Azvamedhika parva meM batAyI gayI hai| "utravRtti" (dhAnyabAjAra meM yA kheta meM par3e hue dhAnya kaNoM para upajIvikA karanA) se jIvikA calAne vAle eka garIba brAhmaNa ne svayaM bhUkhA rahakara, kSudhAta atithi ko apanA sArA satturUpa atra samarpaNa kiyaa| usa brAhmaNa ke ghara kI dhUli se nevale kA AdhA zarIra suvarNamaya ho gyaa| bAkI AdhA zarIra yudhiSThira ke yajJamaMDapa kI pavitra dhUli se bhI suvarNamaya nahIM huaa| isa rocaka kathA ke dvArA hiMsAmaya mahAyajJa se bhI kSudhAta ko annadAna denA zreSTha hai yaha siddhAnta pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yajJadAna-pradhAna pravRttimArga se pRthak mokSaprada nivRttimArga kA pratipAdana, ___ "nivRttilakSaNastvanyo dharmo mokSAya tisstthti| sarvabhUtadayA dharmo na caikgraamvaasitaa|| AzApAzavimokSazca zasyate moksskaaNkssinnaam| na kuTyAM nodake saMgo na vAsasi na vAsane / / na tridaNDe na zayane nAgnau na shrnnaalye| adhyAtmagaticitto yastanmanAstatparAyaNaH / AtmanyevAtmano bhAvaM samAsajjeta vai dvijaH / / eSa mokSavidAM dharmo vedoktaH satpathaH satAm / / ina ojasvI zabdoM meM anuzAsanaparva meM kiyA hai| yaha nivRttilakSaNa dharma hI saMnyAsamArga hai| saMnyAsa kA vAstava svarUpa pratipAdana karate hue zAMtiparva ke sulabhA-janaka saMvAda meM rAjarSi janaka kahate haiM : kASAyadhAraNaM mauNDyaM triviSTabdhaM kmnnddlum| liMgAnyutpathabhUtAni na mokSAyeti me matiH / / AkiMcanye na mokSo'sti kiMcanye nAsti bndhnm| kiMcanye cetare caiva jantunina mucyate / / arthAt kevala gerave vastra paridhAna karane se, sira muNDAne se yA daNDakamaNDalu dhAraNa karane se mokSa nahIM miltaa| daridratA mokSa kA yA bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hai| mokSaprApti kevala AtmajJAna se hI hotI hai| vaha adhyAtmajJAna gRhasthAzrama meM bhI prApta hotA hai| yahI siddhAntazAnti parva ke tulAdhAra-jAjali saMvAda meM bhI batAyA gayA hai| tulAdhAra jAjali se kahatA hai : "vedAhaM jAjale dharma sarahasyaM snaatnm| sarvabhUtahitaM maitraM purANaM ye janA viduH / / "sarveSAM yaH suhRnnityaM sarveSAM ca hite rataH / "sA vRtiH sa paro dharmastena jIvAmi bhuutle||" "tulA me sarvabhUteSu samA tiSThati jaajle| nA'haM pareSAM kRtyAni prazaMsAmi na grhye||" "yo hanyAd yazca mAM stauti tatrApi zruNu jaajle| samau tAvapi meM syAtAM na hi me'sti priyA'priyam" isa prakAra ke udAtta vicAra vyakta karane vAlA tulAdhAra apanI dukAnadArI kA kAma karatA huA jAjali ne dekhaa| mahAbhAratakAra ko karma tathA jJAna niSThAoM se bhI jo niSThA abhimata thI vaha yahI tIsarI niSThA hai| rAjarSi janaka ne isI tIsarI niSThA kA avalaMba kiyA thaa| pArivArika jIvana meM prApta kartavyoM ko nibhAte hue unake bandhana se alipta rahanA, kisI kI Asakti na rakhanA, kisI kA dveSa, matsara, vaira na karanA aura sarvabhUtahita meM nirata rahanA, yahi isa tIsarI niSThA kA svarUpa hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM isI ko "niSkAma karmayoga" kahA hai| zAMtiparva ke nArAyaNIyopAkhyAna meM bhagavadgItA meM pratipAdita bhAgavata dharma kA svarUpa samucita paddhati se pratipAdana kiyA hai| uparinirdiSTa arthazAstra tathA adhyAtmazAstra ke viSayoM ke atirikta daivavAda aura prayatnavAda, lakSmI kA priyasthAna, vyAvahArika AcaraNa, goprazaMsA, dAnaprazaMsA, lokopakAraka pUrtakarmoM kI prazaMsA, ityAdi vividha mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA vivecana mahAbhArata meM huA hai| ina sabhI viSayoM ke pratipAdana meM mahAbhArata kI vaiziSTyapUrNa vicAradhArA kA paricaya hotA hai| parvAnukrama ke anusAra mahAbhArata kA kathAsAra 1 "Adiparva" naimiSAraNya meM zaunakAdi RSi yajJa kara rahe the| eka dina purANa sunAne vAle sauti vahAM aaye| RSigaNa ne unase pUchA, "Apa kahAM se Aye haiN| ve kahane lage "hama rAjA janamejaya ke yajJa se Aye haiN| kintu Astika RSi ne yaha yajJa pUrA nahIM hone diyaa| usa satra meM vaizampAyana ne rAjA janamejaya ko mahAbhArata kI kathA sunaayii| usa kathA ko zravaNa kara hama yahAM Aye saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 91 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #108
haiN| taba RSiyoM ne nivedana kiyA, "mahArAja, hameM yaha jAnane kI atyaMta utkaNThA hai ki janamejaya ne sarpasatra kyoM kiyA aura Astika ne use pUrNa kyoM nahIM hone diyA, evaM vaizampAyana ne mahAbhArata kA kaise varNana kiyA? kRpayA zravaNalAbha kraayeN|" yaha sunakara sauti kahane lage : jaratkAru nAma ke eka avivAhita RSi tIrthayAtrA kara rahe the| eka bAra unheM apane mRta pUrvajoM kA darzana huaa| mRta pUrvajoM ne unase kahA, "jaba tuma apanI vaMzavRddhi calAoge tabhI hameM sadgati prApta hogii|" jaratkAru ne uttara diyA, yadi mere nAma kI strI mujhe mile to mai avazya vivAha kruuNgaa|" itanA kahakara jaratkAru RSi cale gye| kazyapa RSi kI kadrU aura vinatA nAma kI do patniyAM thii| eka dina sUryaratha ke azvoM ke raMga ke viSaya meM una donoM meM vivAda huaa| kadrU kA kahanA thA ki sUryaratha kA azva sampUrNatayA zveta nahIM hai, kintu vinatA kA Agraha thA ki vaha kevala zveta hI hai| isa bAta para hor3a lgii| nizcita huA ki jisakA kathana asatya ho vaha dUsarI kI dAsI bne| kadrU ne apane sarva putroM (soM se) se kahA ki "tuma saba azva kI pUMcha se lipaTa jAo tAki pUMcha kAlI dIkha par3e aura mujhe dAsitva prApta na ho|" unameM se kucha soM ne yaha bAta amAnya kii| ataH kadrU ne unheM zApa diyA ki "janamejaya ke sarpayajJa meM tumhArI mRtyu hogii|" dUsare dina donoM azva dekhane nikliiN| kucha sarpo ne jA kara usakI pUMcha kAlI kara dI thii| ataH vinatA kadrU kI dAsI bana gyii| vinatA ko garuDa nAmaka eka putra thaa| usane sarpo se pUchA, "hama Apake dAsya se mukta hone ke liye kyA upAyayojanA kare?" soM ne kahA, hameM amRta kI prApti kara dene para tuma mukta ho skoge|" garuDa ne yaha bAta mAna lii| devadAnavoM ke samudramanthana ke samaya prApta amRta, yadyapi atyaMta surakSita sthAna para thA, parantu garuDa ne use prApta kiyA aura so ko dekara mukti prApta kii| jina soM ko kadrU ne zApa diyA thA unameM se vAsuki nAma ke sarpa se brahmAjI ne kahA, "tuma apanI bhaginI jaratkAru kA vivAha jaratkAru RSi se kara do| usakA putra tumhArI rakSA kregaa| vAsuki ne usakA kahanA zirodhArya kara apanI bhaginI kA jaratkAru se vivAha kara diyaa| isI kA putra Astika khlaayaa| pANDavoM ke pote rAjA parIkSita ne apane rAjyakAla meM eka bAra RSi ke gale meM mRta sarpa pahanA diyaa| RSi ke putra ne yaha dekha kara rAjA ko zApa diyA, "tuma sAta dina ke bhItara takSaka sarpa ke daMza se mRtyu prApta kroge|" usakI zApavANI satya huii| parIkSita kI mRtyu ke uparAnta janamejaya ne rAjapada smhaalaa| usane takSaka se badalA lene ke liye sarpasatra Arambha kiyaa| Astika vahAM phuNcaa| janamejaya ne jaba use muMhamAMgI bAta dene kA vacana diyA, taba usane prArthanA kI ki "sarpasatra abhI ke abhI samApta ho|" isa prakAra saryoM kI rakSA huii| usa sarpasatra meM vyAsa RSi kI AjJA se vaizampAyana ne rAjA janamejaya ko mahAbhArata kI kathA sunaayii| vaizampAyana ne kathA Arambha kI matsya ke udara meM do bAlaka avatIrNa hue| unameM se lar3akA thA mtsyraajaa| usako uparicara rAjA ne Azraya diyA aura lar3akI mastyagandhA kA dhIvara ko samarpaNa kiyaa| use parAzara RSi se eka putra huaa| vahI haiM vyAsa Rssi| unhoMne isa mahAbhArata kI racanA tIna varSoM meM saMpUrNa kI, jisake lekhaka svayaM gaNezajI hue the| caMdravaMza ke rAjA zantanu ke gaMgA se utpanna putra bhISma ne svayaM brahmacArI rahakara matsyagandhA kA vivAha zantanu se kraayaa| matsyagandhA ne do putroM ko janma diyaa| 1) citrAMgada aura 2) vicitrviiry| unameM se citrAMgada kA avivAhita avasthA meM dehAnta huA aura dUsarA vicitravIrya vivAha hone ke bAda yakSmapIDita ho kara mara gyaa| vyAsa RSi ne unakA vaMza bddhaayaa| vicitravIrya kI patniyoM ko dhRtarASTra aura pANDu ye putra hue aura vidura dAsI se huaa| dhRtarASTra kI patnI gAndhArI ko duryodhana, duHzAsana Adi eka sau putra hue aura duHzalA nAmaka eka kanyA huii| dhRtarASTra ko eka yuyutsu nAmaka dAsIputra bhI thaa| pANDurAjA kI do patniyAM thI, kuntI aura maadrii| kuntI ko dharma, bhIma, arjuna ye tIna aura mAdrI ko nakula aura sahadeva ye do putra pANDu se hue| pANDu kI mRtyu ke uparAnta mAdrI ne sahagamana kiyaa| vivAha ke pUrva kuntI ko sUrya se karNa nAmaka eka putra kI prApti huI thii| usane karNa ko gaMgA ke pravAha meM chor3a diyA jo eka sUta ko prApta huaa| ___ pANDava prabala the isa liye duryodhana unase dveSa rakhatA thaa| usane eka samaya bhIma ko viSa dekara mArane kA prayatna kiyaa| pANDavoM ko lAkSAgRhameM jalAne kA SaDayaMtra bhI racA thA, parantu una saba saMkaToM meM bhI surakSita raha kara hiDimbAsura aura bakAsura kA nAza pANDavoM ne kiyaa| draupadI svayaMvara meM arjuna ne zarta jIta lii| draupadI sabakI patnI huI aura dhRtarASTra ne pANDavoM ko AdhA rAjya pradAna kiyaa| indraprastha unakI rAjadhAnI thii| nArada ke AdezAnusAra pAMca pAMDavoM ne yaha taya kiyA ki draupadI ke sAtha jo pati (pANDavoM me se eka) ekAnta kare usake alAvA koI vahAM jA kara yadi unheM dekhe to usako eka varSa kI tIrthayAtrA karanI hogii| eka bAra rAta ke samaya coroM dvArA eka brAhmaNa kI gAyeM curAI gyiiN| usa samaya unakI rakSA ke lie arjuna ko zastragrahaNArtha dharmarAja aura draupadI ke ekAntakA bhaMga karanA pdd'aa| gAyoM ko mukta kara arjuna tIrthayAtrA karane ke liye gyaa| 92 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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. dhaumya RSi ke kula tAna meM pAnI dene ke kAraNa se bhI na dete the| tIrthayAtrA karate karate vaha dvArakA phuNcaa| vahAM kRSNa kI anumati lekara usane subhadrAharaNa kiyA aura vaha indraprastha gyaa| subhadrA kA putra thA abhimnyu| draupadI ko pAMca pANDavoM se pAMca putra hue| unake nAma the- 1) prativindhya, 2) sutasoma, 3) zrutakarmA, 4) zatAnIka aura 5) shrutsen| arjuna ke indraprastha pahuMcane para zrIkRSNa bhI vahAM aaye| kucha dinoM ke bAda unakI sahAyatA lekara agni ne khANDavavana bhasmasAt kiyaa| taba arjuna ne mayAsura kI rakSA kii| takSakaputra azvasena chUTa niklaa| mahAbhArata ke Adiparva meM ATha upAkhyAna milate haiN| 1) ziSyaparIkSA : dhaumya RSi ke kula tIna ziSya the| unameM se AruNi nAmake ziSya ko RSi ne kheta meM pAnI dene kI AjJA dii| kheta ke nikaTa bahane vAle nAle meM leTa kara kheta meM pAnI dene ke kAraNa RSi ne anugraha kara use vedazAstrasampanna bnaayaa| dUsarA ziSya thA upmnyu| usako gorakSaNa kA kAma diyaa| gurujI usako khAne ke liye kucha bhI na dete the| usane annagrahaNa karane ke liye alaga alaga yuktiyAM khoja nikaalii| vaha araNyasthita gharoM se jo bhikSA grahaNa karatA use guru svayaM le liyA krte| usake bAda vaha do samaya bhikSA mAMgane lgaa| dhaumya RSi ne usako vaha bhI manA kiyaa| usake bAda gAya kA dUdha aura bAda meM dUdha pIte samaya bachaDoM ke muMha se Tapakane vAlA phena pIkara bhI jaba na banA to usane Aka ke patte khaaye| usase vaha becArA andhA hokara kueM meM gira pddaa| taba RSi ne prasanna hokara usako saba kI taraha vidyA pradAna kii| tIsarA ziSya thA veda / RSi ne use gADI aura hala meM jotaa| taba bhI vaha ekaniSTha banA rahA / yaha dekha kara dhaumya ne use bhI sarvajJa banA diyaa| 2) zakuntalAkhyAna : vizvAmitra se menakA ko zakuntalA nAma kI putrI huii| mAtApitA se parityakta zakuntalA kA pAlanapoSaNa kaNvaRSi ne kiyaa| eka samaya kaNvaRSi kI anupasthiti meM rAjA duSyanta vahAM AyA aura usane zakuntalA ko dekhaa| rAjA kA citta mohita huaa| vaha kSatriyakanyA hai yaha jAna kara duSyanta ne usake sAtha gAndharva paddhati ke anusAra vivAha kiyaa| zakuntalA ne bharata nAma ke putra ko janma diyaa| usake nAma se hI apane isa deza ko bharatakhaNDa kahA jAtA hai| kaNva ne zakuntalA ko usa putra ke sAtha rAjA ke pAsa bheja diyaa| 3) kaca-devayAnI-upAkhyAna : devadaityoM ke yuddha meM devoM kA nAza hone lgaa| devoM ke guru bRhaspati the| unako saMjIvanI vidyA kA jJAna nahIM thaa| usa vidyA kA grahaNa karane ke liye devoM ne guruputra kaca ko daityaguru zukrAcArya ke pAsa bhejaa| asuroM ko yaha bAta pasaMda nahIM thii| unhoMne kaca kA do bAra vadha kiyA; parantu zukrAcArya kI putrI devayAnI kA kaca se atyanta prema hone ke kAraNa zukrAcArya ne use do bAra jIvita kiyaa| tIsare samaya to asuroM ne kaca ke mRta deha kI rAkha madirA meM milA kara zukrAcArya ko pilaayii| devayAnI ke Agraha se zukrAcArya ne saMjIvanI mantra kA uccAraNa karate hI kaca unake peTa meM se bolane lgaa| taba zukrAcArya ne usako saMjIvanI maMtra kI dIkSA dii| usake uparAnta kaca usakA peTa phAr3a kara bAhara AyA aura maMtrasAmarthya se usane zukrAcArya ko sajIva kiyaa| devoM kI ora jAte samaya devayAnI kI premayAcanA kaca ne mAnya na karane ke kAraNa, devayAnI ne kupita ho kara use zApa diyA ki, "tumhArI vidyA tuhAre hI kAma na aaegii|" kaca ne bhI zApa diyA ki, "eka bhI brAhmaNaputra terA varaNa nahIM kregaa|" kaca ne bAda meM vaha vidyA devoM ko sikhA dii| ___4) yayAti upAkhyAna : asuroM ke rAjA vRSaparvA kI kanyA zarmiSThA aura daityaputra zukrAcArya kI kanyA devayAnI ne apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha jalakrIDA karate samaya, tIra para rakhe hue unake vastra teja havA ne eka kara diye| jaldI meM zarmiSThA ne devayAnI kA vastra paridhAna kiyaa| isa liye una donoM meM jhagar3A hokara zarmiSThA ne devayAnI ko kueM meM Dhakela diyA aura vaha calI gyii| bAda meM yayAti nAmaka eka rAjA mRgayA karane ke liye vahAM AyA thaa| usane devayAnI kA hAtha pakar3a kara use kueM se bAhara nikaalaa| devayAnI ne yaha haTha kiyA ki yadi zarmiSThA merI dAsI banegI tabhI mai nagara meM aauuNgii| zarmiSThA ne yaha bAta mAna lii| devayAnI kA vivAha yayAti ke rAjA ke sAtha hone ke uparAnta zarmiSThA bhI usake sAtha dAsI bana kara gii| devayAnI ko yadu aura turvasu nAmaka do putra aura zarmiSThA ko druhyu, anu aura puru nAmaka tIna putra hue| 5) aNImANDavyopAkhyAna : eka bAra mANDavyaRSi ke tapa karate samaya kucha cora rAjA ke yahAM corI kara ke RSi ke Azrama meM jA chipe| isa liye coroM ke sAtha RSi ko bhI rAjA ne sUlIpara car3hA diyaa| anya cora to mara gaye parantu yaha dekha kara ki mANDava RSi sUlI para bhI jIvita hai| rAjAne unheM sUlI para se utaaraa| lekina usa zUla kA agra arthAt aNI unake zarIra meM biMdhA rahane ke kAraNa ve aNImANDavya ke nAma se prasiddha hue| bAda meM aNImANDavya yama ke yahAM gaye aura apane isa bhoga kA kAraNa use puuchaa| yama ne batAyA, "tumane zaizava meM eka kITaka ko sIMka se chedA thA, isa liye vahI duHkha Aja tumako bhoganA par3a rahA hai|" itane se pApa ke liye itanA bhArI daNDa dene ke kAraNa RSine yama ko zApa diyA, "zUdra yoni meM tumhArA janma hogaa|" usI zApa ke kAraNa yamarAja vidura hue| 6) jambukanIti : kisI eka jaMgala meM zera, bher3iyA, siyAra, nevalA aura cUhA aise pAMca mitra rahate the| unhoMne eka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 93 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hA bhAga gyaa| basa hai, isa liye zikAra khAne vAle bAra haTTA kaTTA kAlA hirana dekhaa| vaha capala hone ke kAraNa unake hAtha na lgaa| jaba vaha soyA huA thA taba siyAra ke kahane ke anusAra cUhe ne usake khura kATanA zuru kiyaa| yaha dekha kara ki aba usase bhAgA nahIM jAtA zera ne usakI jAna le lii| vaha hirana sirpha mujhe hI mila jAya aisI siyAra kI icchA ho gaI aura usane eka SaDayantra rcaa| usane anya prANiyoM se kahA, "Apa saba loga nahA kara Aiye taba taka mai yahAM baiThatA huuN|" sabase pahale pahala zera aayaa| siyAra use kahane lagA, "cUhe kA kahanA hai ki Aja mere parAkrama ke bala para hI zera ko bhojana mila rahA hai| dhik dhik lAnata hai usakI zUratA pr|" yaha bAta sunate hI zera dUsarA jAnavara mArane ke liye jaMgala meM gyaa| bAda cUhA aayaa| siyAra usase kahane lagA ki, "nevalA kahatA hai, ki hirana ko zera ne mArA hai, isa liye yaha mAMsa mujhe hajama nahIM hogA isa liye mai cUhe ko hI khaauuNgaa|" yaha sunate hI cUhA bhAga gyaa| bAda meM bheDiyA aayaa| siyAra usako kahane lagA, "zera abhI kaha rahA thA ki merI zikAra khAne vAle tuma kauna ho? zera to yahI kaha kara krodhapUrvaka gayA hai ki mai abhI apane bIvI-baccoM ko lAtA huuN|" yaha sunakara bheDiyA bhI bhAga khar3A huaa| bAda meM nevalA aayaa| siyAra usase bar3e garva se kahane lagA, "dekho bhaaii| maine abhI taka saba kA parAbhava kara unheM mAra bhagAyA hai| yadi tumheM ghamaNDa ho to aao| yuddha ho jAne do|" siyAra kI yaha bAta suna kara nevalA bhI bhAga gyaa| usake uparAnta siyAra ne atyanta AnandapUrvaka bharapeTa bhojana kiyaa| sAra : Darapoka ko Dara dikhA kara, zUra ke sAmane namra hokara, durbala ko dhamakI de kara, jaisA bana paDe vaisA apanA svArtha siddha karanA caahiye| 6) dhenuharaNa : kAnyakubja deza meM gAdhirAjA kA putra vizvAmitra bahuta parAkramI rAjA thaa| eka samaya jaba vaha apanI senA ke sAtha mRgayA ke liye gayA thA, taba thaka kara vasiSTha muni ke Azrama meM gyaa| vasiSTha ke pAsa nandinI nAma kI kAmadhenu thii| usake kRpAbala se vizvAmitra bhojanAdikA prabandha vasiSThane itakA uttama kiyA ki vizvAmitrake manameM gAyakI prApti kA abhilASa utpanna huaa| vasiSThase vizvAmitra ne kahA ki, "mai apanA samasta rAjya Apa ko dene ko taiyAra hUM parantu kRpayA ApakI kAmadhenu mujhe diijiye|" vasiSTha ne isa prastAva ko asvIkRta kiyaa| sArA rAjya de kara bhI vaha apanI kAmadhenu mujhe nahIM detA isa bAta para use krodha A gayA aura jabaradastI se vaha kAmadhenu ko le jAne lgaa| taba kAmadhenu ke zarIra se hajAroM vIra nikale aura unhoMne vizvAmitra kA parAbhava kiyaa| taba vizvAmitra ko yaha jJAna huA ki "brahmateja hI saccI zakti hai| kSatriyabala usake sAmane kucha bhI nahIM' ataH svayaM brAhmaNa hI bananA hogaa| bAda meM mahAn tapazcaryA kara ve sacamuca brAhmaNa bana gye| 7) sundopasundAkhyAna : hiraNyakazyapU ke vaMza meM nikumbha nAma kA eka asura rAjA thaa| jisake do putra- sunda aura upasanda ke bIca atyanta prema-bhAva aura ekamata thaa| sundopasundoM ne mahAna tapazcaryA kara brahmA se vara mA~gA ki, "eka dusare ke atirikta aura kisI vyakti ke hAthoM hameM mRtyu prApta na ho|" varaprApti hote hI ve unmatta hokara devaRSiyoM ko pIDA dene lge| taba brahmAjI ne tilottamA nAmaka eka atisuMdara apsarA nirmANa kara unake pAsa bheja dii| usakA saundarya dekha kara donoM hI mohAMdha ho gye| sunda kahane lagA, "yaha merI strI tumako mA~ ke samAna hai|" aura upasunda kahane lagA, "yaha merI strI tujhe bahU ke samAna hai|" ve dono bhAI Apasa meM jhagaDane lge| pariNAma yaha huA ki dono bhAiyoM ne Apasa meM lar3a kara eka dUsare kA ghAta kiyaa| 2 "sabhAparva" __mayAsura ko khANDavana se vimukta karane ke kAraNa usane pANDavoM ke lie kRtajJatApUrvaka eka adbhuta rAjaprAsAda nirmANa kiyaa| usa prAsAda meM bahuta hI camatkAra the| jahAM pAnI thA vahAM bhUmi kA bhAsa ho rahA thA aura jahAM bhUmi vahAM pAnI kA bhAsa ho rahA thaa| yaha prAsAda dasa hajAra hAtha lambA cauDA thA aura usakA nirmANa karane ke liye mayAsura ko caudaha mAsa lagAtAra parizrama karanA par3A thaa| pANDavoM ne baDe ThATha bATha se usa mahAn prAsAda meM praveza kiyaa| eka dina nAradamuni pANDavoM se milane ke liye Aye the| unhoMne devasabhA kA varNana kiyA aura pANDavoM se kahA, "tumhAre pitA pANDurAjA mujhe svarga meM mile the| unhoMne yaha sandeza bhejA hai ki tuma rAjasUya yajJa kro|" yaha sandeza suna kara dharmarAja ne zrIkRSNa ko bulA kara unakI rAya lii| kRSNa ne kahA, "rAjasUya yajJa kA vicAra uttama hai parantu isase pahale saba rAjAoM para vijaya prApta karanI hogii| isa samaya jarAsandha atyanta prabala rAjA hai| usane 86 rAjAoM ko guhA meM bandI banA rakhA hai aura bAkI 14 rAjAoM ko jIta kara vaha ekadama 100 rAjAoM ko mahAdeva para balI caDhAne vAlA hai| yadi tuma rAjasUya yajJa karanA cAhate ho to tumheM pahale jarAsandha ko mAra kara una rAjAoM ko mukta karanA hogaa| isa liye bhIma aura arjuna mere sAtha do| hama tInoM zaktiyukti se usakA nAza karake lautteNge| usake bAda dharmarAja kI AjJA lekara ve tInoM nikle| jarAsandha ke yahAM pahuMca kara bhIma aura jarAsandha kA terA dina ahorAtra mallayuddha huaa| caudahaveM dina jarAsandha ko thakA huA sA dekha zrIkRSNa ne bhIma ko sujhAyA ki, "yahI avasara hai|" usake anusAra bhIma ne jarAsandha kI eka jAMgha apane paira se dabAkara 94 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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dUsarI jAMgha hAtha se pakaDa use bIca meM se cIra kara zarIra ke do bhAga kara diye| bAda meM bandI rAjAoM ko vimukta kara, jarAsandha ke putra ko gaddI para biThA kara aura paryApta dravya le kara zrIkRSNa bhImArjunoM ke sAtha indraprastha ko vApasa aaye| isake bAda bhIma Adi cAra pANDavoM ne cAroM dizAoM meM jA kara rAjAoM se dhana prApta kiyA aura rAjasUya yajJa kI siddhatA hone lgii| brAhmaNa, kSatriya Adi sabhI ko nimaMtraNa bhejA gyaa| usake anusAra saba loka ekatrita hue / hastinApura se bhISma, droNa, dhRtarASTra, duryodhana, Adi mahAn loga Ane para yajJakA kucha na kucha kAma hara vyakti para saupA gayA aura yajJa kA Arambha huaa| jaba yajJa meM agrapUjA kA prazna uThA taba dharma ne bhISma se pUchA, "kisa vyakti ko yaha bahumAna denA yogya hogA ?" bhISma ne uttara diyA, "bhagavAna zrIkRSNa hI isake yogya vyakti haiN|" isake anusAra sahadeva ne sabase pahale zrIkRSNa kI pUjA kii| zizupAla ko yaha bAta asahya huii| vaha pANDavoM, bhISma aura zrIkRSNa ko bhI krodhAviSTa ho kara manacAhI gAliyoM dene lagA / yaha dekha kara zrIkRSNa ekatrita samUhoM ko uddezya kara bole ki "suniye, zizupAla kI mAtA ko diye gaye vacana anusAra maine Aja taka isake sau aparAdha sahana kiye haiN| aba yaha vadha karane ke sarvathA yogya hai|" unake smaraNa karate hI upasthita hue sudarzana cakra se zrIkRSNa ne zizupAla kA zirauccheda kiyaa| usI samaya dharmarAja ne zizupAla ke putra ko vahIM rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| avabhRtasnAna ke uparAnta yajJa samApta hone para saba ko yathocita sammAnita kara bidA kiyA gyaa| saba loga svasthAna lautte| kevala duryodhana aura zakuni mayaprAsAda kI zobhA dekhane ke liye tthhre| mayaprAsAda kA darzana dekhate dekhate kaI avasaroM para duryodhana kI apratiSThA huii| vaha dharatI ko pAnI samajha kara apanI dhotI samhAla kara calatA aura pAnI ko bhUmi samajha kara calatA to pAnI meM gira pdd'taa| yaha samajha kara ki daravAjA banda hai vaha use kholane kA prayatna karatA aura daravAje ko khulA jAna kara jAne lagatA to dIvAra se jA TakarAtA / aise hara prasaMga meM usakI khillI uDAI gyii| bhIma ne to "andhe kA beTA" kaha kara use ciddhaayaa| taba zakuni aura duryodhana ne hastinApura kA rAstA sudhArA rAste se calate calate duryodhana ko mUka dekhakara zakuni ne isa mUkatA kA kAraNa jAnanA cAhA / duryodhana to mana hI mana kuDha rahA thA / bolA "pANDavoM kA yaha vaibhava aura mayaprAsAda dekhate samaya merA jo apamAna huA hai vaha mere lie asahya hai, usa vaibhava ko prApta kara sakane kA koI upAya samajha meM na Ane se aisA lagatA hai ki mai AtmahatyA kara luuN|" zakuni ne kahA ki isake liye rAmabANa yukti hai| suno "dharmarAja ko dyUtakalA kA vizeSa jJAna nahIM parantu dyUta kA nimaMtraNa vaha kabhI bhI asvIkRta na karanA usakA vrata hai| mai svayaM kapaTa dyUta meM pravINa huuN| hama pANDavoM ko dyUta khelane ke liye AmaMtrita kara unakA samasta rAjya jIta leMge parantu yaha saba dhRtarASTra kI sammati se hI karanA hogaa|" hastinApura meM Ate hI yaha bAta dhRtarASTra ko sunAI gyii| pahale pahala dhRtarASTra ne isameM bahuta AnAkAnI kI parantu anta meM usane sammati dii| isake liye eka uttama prAsAda kA nirmANa hone para dhRtarASTra ne pANDavoM ke pAsa vidura ke dvArA yaha sandeza bhejA ki, "ve yahAM A kara isa navIna prAsAda kA darzana kareM aura yahIM kauravoM ke sAtha mitratva kI bhAvanA se dyUta kheleM / yaha sunakara dharmarAja draupadI aura anya pANDava vahA~ upasthita hue / yathAsamaya dyUta kA prArambha huaa| jo dAMva zakuni lagAtA thA usameM usI kI jIta thI / sampUrNa rAjya, bandhu aura svayaM dharmarAja bAjI hAra jAne para zakuni bolA, "abhI draupadI to hai| sambhava hai isa dAMva meM tumhArI jIta ho|" parantu vaha dAMva bhI zakuni ne hI jiitaa| isake anantara duryodhana ke kahane para duHzAsana draupadI ko bharI sabhA meM khIMca lAyA / vikarNa aura vidura ne kahA ki, "draupadI kI yaha viTambanA isa sabhA ko zobhA nahIM detii| lekina karNa kI sUcanA ke anusAra duHzAsana ne draupadI kA cIraharaNa karanA caahaa| taba draupadI ne dInatA se sarva zaktimAn zrIkRSNa kI prArthanA kii| usa saMkaTa ke samaya eka vastra ke nIce dUsarA, dUsare ke nIce tIsarA isa prakAra saikaDo vastra nikale / anta meM duHzAsana thaka kara baiTha gayA / duryodhana ne apanI bAyI jaMghA khulI karake draupadI ko dikhaaii| doMno bAra bhImane duHzAsana kA raktaprAzana karane kI aura duryodhana kI bAyI jaMghA gadA ke prahAra se kucalane kI pratijJAe~ kii| jo kucha ghaTanA huI vaha anucita huI yaha jAna kara dhRtarASTra ne draupadI ko vara mAMgane ko khaa| usa vara ke anusAra pANDavoM ko punaH rAjya prApta huA anaMtara ve indraprastha ko lautte| yaha bAta karNa, duryodhana ityAdi ko amAnya thI / duryodhana ne dhRtarASTra se haTha kiyA ki dUsarI bAra dyUta khelane ke liye pANDavoM ko bulAnA hI hogaa| usake anusAra dhRtarASTra ne dyUta kA nimaMtraNa bheja kara pANDavoM ko Adhe rAste se vApasa bulAyA / pANDavoM ko Ane para punaH dyUtArambha huaa| isaliye usako "anudyUta" kahA jAtA hai| isa anudyUta meM eka hI dAMva aura eka hI bAjI thii| jo hAregA use bAraha varSa vanavAsa aura eka varSa ajJAtavAsa karanA hogaa| ajJAtavAsa meM pahuMcAne jAne para phira bAraha varSa vanavAsa karanA hogaa| yaha bhI taya huA ki "yadi pANDava hAreM to unheM draupadI ke sAtha isa bAjI kI bhugatAna karanI pddegii|" yaha dA~va bhI zakuni ne jiitaa| isaliye draupadI ko sAtha lekara pANDava vana meM gye| kuntI vidura ke ghara meM rahane lgii| dhRtarASTra ne pANDavoM ke sAtha ratha, dAsa, dAsI Adi sAmagrI bhejI thii| For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 95

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upakathA 1, jarAsandhajanya : magadha deza meM bRhadratha nAma kA eka rAjA thaa| usakI do rAniyA~ kAzIrAjA kI kanyAe~ thii| usane putraprApti ke liye aneka yajJa kiye the kintu use putraprApti nahIM huii| bRhadratha rAjA jaba vRddha ho gayA taba eka dina use yaha jJAta huA ki kAkSIvAn gautama kA putra caNDakauzika nagara ke samIpa AyA hai| rAjA vahAM gayA aura usane caNDakauzika kI sammAna se pUjA kii| itane meM hI caNDakauzika kI goda para eka Amraphala ttpkaa| RSi ne vaha phala mantrapUjita kara rAjA ko pradAna kiyA aura kahA ki, "isa phala se tumhe putraprApti hogii| "vApasa lauTane para rAjA ne donoM patniyoM ko AdhA AdhA phala khAne ke liye diyaa| kucha kAla ke bAda rAniyA~ garbhavatI huii| yathAkAla prasUti meM unako AdhA AdhA putra huaa| rAnIyoM ne use caurAhe para pheMka diyaa| jarA nAma kI rAkSasI ne una donoM bhAgoM ko joDane para eka saMpUrNa zarIra huaa| jarA ne vaha putra rAjA ko de diyaa| jarA nAma kI rAkSasI ne sandhidvArA utpanna karane ke kAraNa usa putra kA nAma jarAsandha rUDha huaa| upakathA 2, zizupAla janmaH cedi deza ke rAjA ko eka putra huaa| usakI tIna AMkheM aura cAra hAtha the| janma hote hI vaha gardabha ke samAna reMkane lgaa| vaha azubha bAlaka dekhate hI usake mA~ bApa usakA tyAga karane kA vicAra karane lge| itane meM AkAzavANI huI ki "isakA tyAga mata kro| yaha atyanta parAkramI hogaa| zastra se hI ise mRtyu prApta hogii| jisake hAthoM isakA anta hogA vaha isake janma ke pUrva hI utpanna ho cukA hai|" usakI mA~ ne kahA ki, "mai yaha jAnane ke liye atyaMta utsuka hU~ ki, "isakI mRtyU kisake hAtho se hogI?" AkAzavANI ne phira se kahA, "jisakI goda meM biThAne para isake donoM hAtha aura tIsarI A~kha Apa hI Apa giregI, usI ke hAthoM ise mRtyu prApta hogii|" yaha adbhuta vArtA saba ora phailI aura aneka loga usa bAlaka ko dekhane ke liye Ane lge| eka samaya balarAma aura zrIkRSNa apanI phUphI ke isa putra ko dekhane ke liye aaye| bAlaka ko zrIkRSNa kI goda meM rakhate hI usake donoM hAtha aura tIsarI A~kha gala gii| yaha dekha kara usakI mAtA ne zrIkRSNa kI prArthanA kii|" merA putra kitane hI aparAdha kyoM na kare, tuma use kSamA hI krnaa| kRSNa ne kahA ki, "maiM kevala tumhArI ora dekha kara isake eka sau aparAdha kSamA karUMgA aura bAda meM adhika aparAdha karane para isakA vadha kruuNgaa|" isI ke anusAra dharma ke rAjasUya yajJa meM zrIkRSNa ne usakA vadha kiyaa| 3 vanaparva kA sArAMza dyUtakrIDA meM parAbhUta pANDava vanavAsa ke liye nikale taba unake sAtha brAhmaNoM kA melA niklaa| una saba kA bharaNa-poSaNa kaise kiyA jAya isa cintA meM dharmarAja the taba dhaumyaRSi ne unheM sUrya bhagavAna kI ArAdhanA karane kA Adeza diyaa| dharma kI ArAdhanA se sUryabhagavAna prasanna hue| unhoMne use eka tAmrapAtra pradAna kiyA aura kahA ki "isa pAtra se jaba taka draupadI parosatI rahegI taba taka tumhArA anna kama nahIM hogaa|" vaha pAtra le kara dharmarAja kAmyaka vana meM ge| vahA~ jAte samaya kirmIra rAkSasa ne unhe satAyA taba bhIma ne usakA nAza kiyaa| pANDavoM ke vana meM rahate duryodhana, karNAdi unheM mArane ke liye nikle| kintu vyAsa RSi ke kahane se ve vApasa lautte| eka samaya maitreya RSi kauravoM ke yahA~ gye| unhoMne duryodhana ko pANDavoM kA dveSa na karane kA upadeza dete hue kahA, "usase terA kalyANa nahIM hogaa|" duryodhana ne unakA kahanA na mAna kara vaha apanA aMka pITane lgaa| taba RSi ne kupita hokara use zApa diyA ki, "yuddha meM bhIma kI gadA se terA aMka chinnabhinna ho jaaegaa|" pANDavoM ke vanavAsa kI vArtA sunane para zrIkRSNa Adi yAdava gaNa, drupadaputra dhRSTadyumna, zizupAlaputra dhRSTaketu Adi loga pANDavoM ko milane ke liye vana meM gye| vahA~ vArtAlApa meM zrIkRSNa ne kahA ki "mai zAlva rAjA ke sAtha yuddha meM nimagna thA, nahIM to meM yaha dyUta hone hI nahIM detaa|, "anantara zrIkRSNa, subhadrA tathA abhimanyu ko sAtha le kara dvArakA gye| draupadI ke pAMca putroM ko sAtha le kara dhRSTadyumna apane deza gyaa| dhRSTaketu apanI bahana (nakula kI patnI) reNumatI ko sAtha le kara gyaa| tatpazcAt pANDavoM ke dvaitavana meM jAne para draupadI aura bhIma kA mata huA ki kauravoM ne kapaTaprayoga se hamArA rAjya chIna liyA hai, ataH "zaThe zAThyam" nyAya se hama kauravoM ko parAsta kreN| isa para dharmarAja ne uttara diyA, "avicAra se kisI bhI bAta kA phala acchA nahIM hotaa| kauravoM kA pakSa prabala hai| unase yuddha karane kI kSamatA hameM prApta karanI caahiye|" usI carcA ke samaya vyAsa muni vahAM phuNce| unhoMne dharmarAja ko eka maMtra diyA aura kahA "yaha maMtra arjuna ko de kara use divya astra kI prApti ke liye bhejo" bAda meM pANDava kAmyaka vana meM gye| dharmarAja ne arjuna ko vaha maMtra paDhAyA aura divya astroM kI prApti karane ke liye use ravAnA kiyaa| pANDavoM kA nivAsa usa vana meM thA usa samaya bRhadazva muni vahAM aaye| unakI pUjA kara dharmarAja ne unase pUchA ki, "kyA mere samAna abhAgA rAjA Apake dekhane meM yA sunane meM AyA hai?" RSi ne kahA ki, "niSadhadeza meM vIrasena rAjA kA putra nala bahuta hI suMdara thaa| vidarbha deza ke bhImaka rAjAkI kanyA damayantI ne use svayaMvara meM vara liyA thaa| unheM indrasena nAma kA eka putra aura indrasenA nAma kI eka putrI huii| nala ke bhAI puSkara ne dyUta krIDA ke liye nala ko AvAhana kiyaa| damayantI kA virodha hone para bhI cUta kA prArambha huaa| damayantI ne apane 96 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ne uttara deva dAnavoM ke yuddha tIrthayAtrA karane ke bAvakaTa subAhu rAjA kA hotA hai| ho gyaa| isI tAra ora gye| vahA~ misAdhvI draupadI dhaka kara usaka baccoM ko apane mAyake bheja diyaa| dyUta meM parAbhUta hone para nala vana meM gyaa| sAtha meM damayantI bhI gyii| eka samaya damayantI ko nidrita avasthA meM tyAga kara nala calA gyaa| damayantI dukho ho kara kucha dina ke liye apane mausI ke yahAM rahI aura bAda meM vidarbha deza kI ora calI gyii| kucha dina vanavAsa meM kATa kara nala rAjA ayodhyA meM RtuparNa rAjA ke yahA naukarI karatA rhaa| vidarbhadeza meM Ane ke bAda patipatnI ke milana se donoM baDe Anandita hue| RtuparNa se nala ne dyUtavidyA prApta kI thI ataH punazca dyUta khela kara usane apanA rAjya svAdhIna kiyaa| nala rAjA ko tIna varSa ekAko vanavAsakA duHkha sahanA pddaa| parantu he dharmarAja, tere sAtha tere bhAI haiM, draupadI hai, alaga alaga viSayoM para carcA karane ke liye RSigaNa haiN| itane saba sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa, tujhe duHkha karane kA kAraNa nhiiN| yadi tujhe bhaya lagatA hai ki vanavAsa ke bAda duryodhana tujhe dyUta khelane ke liye bulAyegA to maiM tujhe dyUtavidyA sikhAtA huuN|" bRhadazva muni ne dharmako dyUtavidyA sikhaaii|| eka dina lomaza RSi dharmarAja se milane aaye| ve kahane lage ki "maiM indraloka meM gayA thaa| vahA~ indra ne Apa ko saMdeza diyA hai ki, "arjuna ne divya astra- prApta kI hai| devoM kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kara ke vaha tumheM milane vApasa aaegaa|" arjuna ne kahA hai ki "pANDavoM ko tIrthayAtrA karane ke liye kahiye aura usa samaya unakI rakSA karane ke liye Apa unake sAtha jAiye" he dharmarAja, yadi tuma tIrthayAtrA karanA cAhate ho to itanA bar3A parivAra sAtha na rkho|" RSi ke Adeza ke anusAra kevala miSTAnna khAne ke irAde se jo brAhmaNa unake sAtha the, unheM vApasa lauTA kara kevala tapasvI brAhmaNoM ko sAtha le kara pANDava, dhaumya aura lomaza RSi tIrthayAtrA ke liye nikle| isa yAtrA meM dharma ne lomaza RSi se pUchA, "hamane kabhI kucha bhI adharma nahIM kiyaa| phira bhI hameM itanA dukha bhugatanA paDatA hai aura duryodhana ke itanA adharmI hote hue bhI vaha Ananda se rAjya kA upabhoga letA hai isakA kAraNa kyA hai? lomaza ne uttara diyA, "adharma mArga se calane vAle pahale pahale sukhabhoga prApta kara sakate haiM kintu anta meM unakA jar3a se nAza hotA hai| deva dAnavoM ke yuddha meM pahale pahale jIta huI thI dAnavoM kI, parantu vijayonmAda meM ve unmatta ho gaye aura unakA vinAza ho gyaa| isI taraha terI tIrthayAtrA karane ke bAda kauravoM kA vinAza ho kara tujhe rAjya milegaa|" pANDava tIrthayAtrA karate karate uttara pradeza kI ora gye| vahA~ himAcala ke nikaTa subAhU rAjA kA rAjya thaa| usake pAsa dharma ne apane dAsa-dAsI, Adi rakhakara dharma paidala Age gye| mArga meM sAdhvI draupadI ko cakkara A gyaa| thaka kara usakA jI ghabarA huA thaa| usake hoza meM Ane ke bAda bhIma ne hiDiMbA se huye apane putra ghaTotkaca kA smaraNa kiyaa| vaha turanta apanI rAkSasasenA le kara vahAM A gyaa| pANDavoM kI AjJA se usane draupadI ko utthaayaa| anya rAkSasoM ne pANDavoM ko aura brAhmaNoM ko utthaayaa| lomazaRSi AkAza patha se hI cle| isa prakAra ve tIrthayAtrI badarikAzrama phNce| pANDavoM ke vahAM rahate eka dina draupadI ne eka divyasugaMdhI kamalapuSpa dekhaa| use dekha kara draupadI ne haTha liyA ki, "aise bahuta se phUla mujhe caahiye|" usakI mAMga pUrI karane ke liye bhIma uttara dizA kI ora niklaa| use rAste meM eka baMdara milaa| vaha bolA, "abhI maiM bahuta azakta ho gayA huuN| isa liye merI yaha pU~cha jarA bAjU meM rakhakara tU Age jaa|" bhIma ne usakI pUMcha haTAne kA prayAsa kiyA lekina vaha asaphala rhaa| taba bhIma kA ahaMkAra samApta ho gyaa| vaha baMdara hanumAn hai yaha jJAta hone para, bhIma ne usakI kSamAyAcanA kii| hanumAn ne bhIma se kahA ki, "aba tU yahAM se Age nahIM jA sktaa| yaha devaloka kA mArga hai| tujhe yadi divya kamalapuSpoM kI icchA hai to isa rAste se jaa|" hanumAn ne dikhAye rAste se bhIma cala rahA thaa| kamalarakSA ke liye vahA~ asaMkhya yakSa the| unakA vinAza karake bahuta se kamalapuSpa lekara bhIma vApasa A gyaa| badarikAzrama meM jaTAsura nAmaka rAkSasa dharma, nakula, sahadeva aura draupadI ko uThAkara AkAzamArga se bhAga jA rahA thaa| taba bhIma, ghaTotkacAdi rAkSasa aura RSigaNa bAhara gaye the| jaTAsura ne kapaTarUpa se brAhmaNa kA veSa dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| pANDavoM ke zastra aura draupadI kI use icchA thii| isa liye vaha vahAM rahatA thaa| AkAzapatha se jAte jAte sahadeva ne apanI muktatA kara liiN| aura bhIma ko jora jora se pukaaraa| bhIma vahAM aayaa| taba jaTAsura ne sabako nIce rakha diyA aura vaha bhIma ke sAtha yuddha ko siddha huaa| yuddha meM jaTAsura ko bhIma ne mAra ddaalaa| isa ghaTanA ke bAda arjuna se milane ke liye pANDava vahAM se gandhamAdana parvata kI ora nikle| mArga meM unako vRSaparvA rAjarSi kA Azrama dIkha pddaa| vahAM unhoMne eka saptAha nivAsa kiyaa| araNyavAsI brAhmaNoM ko vahAM chor3a kara ve Age nikle| itane meM pANDavoM ko gandhamAdana parvata ke darzana hue usake nikaTa ASTiSaNa rAjarSi kA Azrama thaa| vahA~ bahuta dina vAstavya hone ke pazcAt eka dina pANDavoM ne gandhamAdana giri para ArohaNa kiyaa| vahAM unheM kubera ke darzana hue| kubera ne unase kahA ki "yahAM Apa apanA ghara samajha kara rhiye| ye yakSa ApakI sevA kreNge|" isa taraha vahAM ve eka mAsa rahane ke pazcAt svarga meM pAMca varSa taka raha kara jisane zastrAstroM kA jJAna pUrNarUpeNa grahaNa kiyA thA vaha arjuna apane bhAiyoM ko milane ke liye vahAM aayaa| dharmarAja ke pUchane ke para arjuna ne apanA vRttakathana prArambha kiyaa| "meM Apase bidA le himAlaya parvata para phuNcaa| vahA~ tapa karate samaya eka dina eka varAha merI ora bhAga AyA, jisa para maine bANa choddaa| usI kSaNa eka kirAta ke bANa ne use ghAyala kara diyaa| zikAra para hama donoM ke bANa eka sAtha gire| kirAta ne kahA, "zikAra merA hai| terA use bANa mArane kA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/97 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kyA adhikAra? itanA kaha usane mujha para zaravarSA zurU kI / pratyuttara meM maine bhI usa para bANa chor3e parantu mai hAra gayA aura bhUmi para gira gayA usI samaya kirAta gupta ho gayA aura zrIzaMkara pArvatI ke sAtha vahAM prakaTa huye| unhoMne mujhe abhaya de kara vara mAMgane kI AjJA kii| maine divya astroM kI mAMga kI jisa para zaMkarane mujhe pAzupatAstra sikhAyA aura ve cale gaye / tatpazcAt indra, varuNa, yama aura kubera vahA~ Aye / indra ke atirikta tIna devoM ne mujhe astra diye / indra ne kahA, "tuma svarga meM aao| maiM tumhe vahA~ zastra duuNgaa|" anantara indra kA sArathi mAtali ratha le kara vahAM aayaa| usa ratha para ArUDha ho kara maiM svarga gyaa| vahAM jAte hI indra ne mujhe zastra diye aura vizvAvasu gaMdharva ke putra citrasena ne gAyana, nartana Adi kalAoM kA jJAna diyaa| eka dina indra ne bahuta hI Ananda se mujhe kahA ki "arjuna, aba terI zikSA pUrI ho gaI hai, ataH tujhe gurudakSiNA denI hogii| nivAtakavaca nAma ke daitya hamAre zatru hai aura ve prabala haiN| unheM tU naSTa kara yahI hamAre lie gurudakSiNA hai| maine una dAnavoM kA nAza kiyA aura vApasa Ate Ate mAtali ke kahane ke anusAra kAlakeya asuroM kA bhI nAza kiyaa| indra svarga meM merA bahumAna kiyA aura Ananda se mujhe yahAM Ane kI anujJA dii| unakI AjJA milate hI maiM yahA~ tumheM milane AyA / isa taraha maiMne svarga meM pAMca varSo kA kAla vyatIta kiyA / yaha vRttAnta suna kara dharmarAja ne astra dekhane kI icchA prakaTa kii| arjuna ne sAre astra dikhAye / ne pANDava punazca dvaita vana meM Ane ke liye nikle| rAste meM agastiRSi ke zApa se sarpa ho paDe huye rAjA nahuSa ne, bhIma ko pakar3a liyaa| usake praznoM ke uttara dekara dharmarAja ne bhIma ko vimukta kiyA / tadanantara pANDava dvaitavana meM pahuMce eka dina duryodhana unako lajjita karane ke liye apane samasta vaibhava ke sAtha parivAra, sainya, striyAeM Adi le kara vahAM A gyaa| usI sthAna para gandharvoM se vaha parAjita ho gayA aura una saba ko bAMdha kara gandharva nikle| apane kula kA apamAna na ho isa bhAvanA se pANDavoM ne kauravoM ko vimukta kiyaa| usake pazcAt pANDava kAmyaka vana meM aaye| vahAM unake sattvaharaNa ke liye duryodhana ne durvAsa RSi ko bhejA thA / parantu zrIkRSNa kI sahAyatA se pANDavoM kA sattvarakSaNa huaa| eka samaya draupadI kA haraNa karane kA prayatna jayadratha ne kiyA parantu pANDavoM ne use parAbhUta kara choDa diyaa| apamAnita hone para jayadratha ne tapa kiyA jisake phalasvarUpa "arjuna ke sivAya anya pANDavoM ke viruddha eka dina tujhe yuddha meM vijaya milegI" aisA vara use zaMkara se milA / eka dina dharmarAja ne mArkaNDeya RSi se pUchA ki "mere samAna abhAgA mAnava Apako jJAta hai "taba RSi ne use rAmacandra kI kathA sunaaii|" kyA draupadI ke samAna dusarI pativratA strI hai?" yaha dharmarAja kA dUsarA prazna suna kara mArkaNDeya ne prArambha kiyaa| madradeza ke rAjA azvapati kI putrI sAvitrI kI kathA sunaayii| sAvitrI kA vivAha zAlvadeza ke andha evaM rAjyabhraSTa rAjA dyumatsena ke putra satyavAn se huA thaa| nAradaRSi ke kahane ke anusAra eka varSa ke bAda apane pati kI mRtyU TAlane ke liye sAvitrI ne tIna dina kA vrata kiyA / vrata ke bAda yamarAja satyavAn ke prANaharaNa karane Aye the, parantu sAvitrI ne cAturya se unako prasanna kiyA aura apane pati ko nava jIvana diyaa| isa sAvitrI ke samAna tumhArI draupadI pativratA hai| usake kAraNa tumhAre duHkha dUra hokara tumhe punazca rAjyaprApti avazya hogii| vanavAsa ke bAraha varSa samApta hone Aye the| Age yuddha karanA paDegA isa vicAra se dharmarAja cintAtura the| karNa ke zarIra para janmasiddha kavaca-kuNDala the, jinake kAraNa vaha ajeya thaa| dharmarAja kI isa cintA ko dUra karane ke liye indra ne brAhmaNa kA veza dhAraNa kara, karNa kA kavacakaNDala virahita kiyA aura use eka divya zakti pradAna kii| pANDava punazca dvaita vana meM Aye / kisI brAhmaNa kI agni utpanna karane kI "araNI" eka hirana ne bhgaaii| isa liye pANDava usakA pIchA karane lage / kintu vaha unake hAtha nahIM lagA / pANDava thaka gaye aura ve tRSNArta hokara eka eka kara ke pAnI pIne jAne lge| usa sarovara para eka yakSa rahatA thaa| vaha kahatA, "mere praznoM kA samAdhAna pahale karo aura usake bAda meM pAnI piio|" usake anusAra akele dharmarAja ne usake praznoM ke uttara de kara apane mRta baMdhuoM ko jIvita kiyaa| vaha yakSa nahIM thA balki pratyakSa yamadharma thaa| usane usa brAhmaNa kI araNI vApasa dI aura pANDavoM se kahA ki "tuma terahaveM varSa virATa ke ghara meM rho| mai tumheM vara detA hUM ki vahA~ tumako koI bhI nahIM phcaanegaa|" ( upakathA 1) urvazIzApa : arjuna ke indraloka meM rahate samaya usake saundarya para mohita huI urvazI eka dina usake pAsa aayii| usakI prArthanA na mAnane ke kAraNa usane arjuna ko zApa diyA ki "tuma napusaMka hoNge|" vaha zApa sunakara indra ne kahA ki, "he arjuna, tuma ghabarAo nhiiN| eka varSa ajJAtavAsa ke samaya meM yaha bAta tere hita kI hI hone vAlI hai|" ( upakathA 2) agastya upAkhyAna: agastya RSi ko vivAha karanA thaa| unhoMne eka ati sundara kanyA nirmANa kara santati ke liye tapa karane vAle vidarbha rAjA ko dii| usakA nAma thA lopAmudrA / jaba vaha vivAhayogya huI taba RSi ne usake sAtha vivAha kiyA / lopAmudrA ke kahane ke anusAra RSi dravyArjana ke liye ilvala daitya ke pAsa aaye| vaha daitya apane bhAI vAtApi ko bher3a kA rUpa de kara usakA pakA mAMsa brAhmaNoM ko bhakSaNa ke liye detA thaa| bhojana ke pazcAt vaha vAtApi pukAratA 98 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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thA aura vAtApi brAhmaNoM kA peTa phADa kara nikalatA thaa| isa taraha usane aneka brAhmaNoM kI hatyA kI thii| yahI prayoga agastya RSi para huaa| parantu agastya ne use hajama kara liyA thaa| agastya RSi ke putra kA nAma idhmavAha thaa| kAlakeya nAma ke asura dina meM chipate the aura rAta ko AzramavAsI RSioM kA nAza karate the| isa prakAra RSioM kA nAza hone ke kAraNa yajJAdi kriyAeM baMda paDa gyii| taba devatAoM ne agastya RSi kI prArthanA kii| isa prArthanA ko mAnakara agastya RSi ke samudra pIne ke uparAnta devoM ne kAlakeya asuroM kA saMhAra kiyaa| (upakathA 3) gaMgAvataraNa : rAjA ikSvAku ke vaMza meM sagara nAmaka eka rAjA thaa| use zaMkara ke varadAna se sATha sahasra putroM kI prApti ho gii| eka samaya rAjA sagara ne azvamegha yajJa ke nimitta pRthvI para azva choDA, jisakA rakSaNa sAgaraputra karate the| samudra ke pAsa Ate hI vaha azva adRzya ho gyaa| taba sagaraputroM ne pRthvI kA mathana karake azva kI khoja karanA Arambha kiyaa| pRthvI ke nIce kapila RSi tapa kara rahe the| unake pAsa sagaraputroM ne azva dekhaa| usa samaya sagara patroM ne RSi kA apamAna kiyA jisake kAraNa RSi ne sagaraputroM ko bhasma kara diyaa| yaha bAta nArada RSi se rAjA sagara ko jJAta huI taba usakA pautra aMzumAn rAjagaddI para baitthaa| aMzumAna kA putra dilIpa jaba rAjA huA taba RSi ke tapobala se jalakara khAka hue apane pUrvajoM kI bAta usane sunii| unake uddhAra ke ke liye svarga kI gaMgA ko lAyA jAye isa uddezya se usane Ajanma tapa kiyaa| usake pazcAt usake putra bhagIratha ne gaMgA ko prasanna kiyA aura usakA pravAha dhAraNa karane ke liye, zaMkara ne jaba mAnya kiyA taba bhagIratha ne gaMgA ko pAtAla taka lAkara apane pUrvajoM kA uddhAra diyaa| (upakathA 4) pativratAmAhAtmya aura brAhmaNavyAdhasaMvAda : kauzika nAmaka eka brAhmaNa vedAdhyayana karatA thaa| usa samaya upara se eka vagulI kI viSThA una para girii| brAhmaNa ne kupita ho kara usakI ora dekhate hI vaha mara kara nIce girii| pazcAt vaha brAhmaNa bhikSA mAMgane ke liye eka ghara gyaa| usa samaya patisevA / meM rata pativratA strI ko bhIkha dene meM jarA dera ho gyii| taba vaha brAhmaNa kupita ho kara strI kI nirbhatsanA karane lgaa| usa para vaha strI bolI "mahArAja, bhalA Apake krodha se kyA hogaa| mai koI bagulI nahIM huuN| Apako dharmatattva jJAta nahIM hai| mithilA nagarI meM jAkara dharmavyAdha se vaha jAna lenaa|" yaha suna kara brAhmaNa cakita huA aura vaha dharmavyAdha kI ora gyaa| usa samaya vaha vyAdha mAMsa kATa rahA thaa| usa brAhmaNa ko dekhate hI usane kahA ki "usa pativratA ne Apako kisa liye merI ora bhejA yaha maine jAna liyA hai|" usake pazcAt dharmavyAdha ne brAhmaNa ko dharmatattva batA kara apane mAtA-pitA kA darzana karAyA aura kahA ki "ye mere deva haiN| jaise loga devoM kI pUjA karate haiM vaise hI maiM inakI pUjA karatA huuN| Apa apane mAM bApa kA apamAna karake ghara se bAhara nikle| kintu ve becAre aba andhe ho gaye haiN| isaliye aba Apa apane ghara jA kara unakI sevA kareM yahI ApakA dharma hai|" yaha suna kara brAhmaNa ne usake kahane ke anusAra ghara jAkara apane mAtA-pitA ko saMtuSTa kiyaa| (upakathA 5) draupadI-satyabhAmA saMvAda : pANDavoM ke vanavAsakAla meM unase milane ke liye eka samaya zrIkRSNa ke sAtha satyabhAmA AyI thii| idhara udhara kI bAteM samApta ho jAne ke anantara satyabhAmA ne draupadI ko prazna kiyA, "pANDavoM ke samAna vIra puruSa terI AjJA kaise mAnate haiM? tumhAre pAsa koI khAsa yA mohinI vidyA hai kyA? yadi ho to mujhe kaha denA tAki mai bhI zrIkRSNa ko vaza kruuNgii|" satyabhAmA kA yaha bhASaNa suna kara draupadI ne uttara diyA, "mohinI vidyA se pati ko vaza karanA yaha koI pativratA dharma nahIM hai| kevala mere pAsa sadvartana ke binA koI bhI maMtra-taMtra nahIM hai| mere bartAva kI paddhati maiM tujhe batAtI huuN| pANDavoM ke atirikta anya kisI bhI puruSa kA cintana mai kabhI nahIM krtii| unheM niraMtara santuSTa rakhatI huuN| ghara meM svacchatA, atithi satkAra, kuladharma, kulAcAra ina saba bAtoM ke yogya hone para merA dhyAna sadaiva rahatA hai| ghara meM naukaroM ke hote hue bhI mai svayaM kuntI kI sevA karatI huuN| sabhI parizramI ke khAne pIne kI vyavasthA yogya kAla meM maiM hI karatI huuN| kisI padArtha kA nAza hone nahIM detii| nitya hI haMsamukha raha kara saba ke sAtha prema se vyavahAra karatI huuN| ina saba bAtoM se pANDava mujhe vaza huye haiN| tU bhI isI taraha AcaraNa kara jisameM tU bhI zrIkRSNa ko tere vaza, meM rheNge| (upakathA 6) mudgalopAkhyAna : mudgala nAmaka eka tapasvI RSi apane kuTumba ke sAtha araNya meM rahate the| deva, pitara aura atithiyoM ko saMtuSTa kara jo bhAga bacegA usI para apanA udaranirvAha karane kA unakA niyama thaa| unakI sattvaparIkSA lene ke liye durvAsa RSi vahAM atithi bana kara Aye aura mudgala RSi ne siddha kiyA huA anna khA kara cale gye| phira anna pakane ke bAda saba anna khA kara cale jAnA yahI kAma durvAsa RSi ne jArI rkhaa| mudgala RSi ko anazana karanA pdd'aa| kintu pratyeka samaya unhoMne atithi ko zraddhA ke sAtha saMtoSita karane kA upakrama nahIM chodd'aa| anta meM durvAsa RSi una para prasanna hue| itane meM hI devadUta vimAna se vahAM AyA aura mudgala RSi ko kahane lagA, "Apako Apake puNya ke kAraNa svargaprApti ho gayI hai| Apa vimAna meM baiTha kara svarga cliye|" mudgala RSi ne usase svarga ke guNadoSoM kI pRcchA kii| usa para devadUta ne kahA, "svarga meM sabhI sukhoM kI samRddhi hai| kintu doSa yaha hai ki, svarga meM apane se adhika puNyavAna logoM saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 99 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ke adhika bhoga dekha kara mana meM IrSyA nirmANa hotI hai aura puNya kI samApti hote hI pRthvI para AnA par3atA hai|" yaha suna kara mudgala RSi ne devadUta ko jAne ke liye kahA aura unhoMne yoga, vairAgya, jJAna Adi sAdhanoM se mukti prApta kii| 4 virATaparva ajJAtavAsa ke liye pANDava vicAra kara rahe the| taba dharmarAja kahane lage, "hama rAjA virATa ke yahAM eka varSa taka rheNge| dhaumya RSi hamAre agnihotra, dAsa dAsI Adi le kara rAjA drupada ke yahAM jAyeM aura indrasenAdika hamAre ratha le kara dvArakA jaayeN|" tatpazcAt rAjA ke yahAM rahane kI paddhati kI pUrNa jAnakArI dhaumya RSi ne pANDavoM ko dii| draupadIsahita pANDava anyAnya nAma lekara alaga alaga kAma ke liye rAjA virATa ke yahA~ aaye| Ate samaya unhoMne apane zastra virATanagara ke bAhara eka bar3e zamI vRkSa para rkhe| dharmarAja kaMka kA nAma dhAraNa kara virATa ke sadasya ke nAte rahane lge| bhIma ballava nAma dhAraNa karake virATa kI pAkazAlA kA pramukha bana gye| draupadI sairandhrI nAmase rAjA virATa kI paTarAnI sudeSNAkI dAsI bana gyii| sahadeva tantipAla nAma dhAraNa kara koSAdhyakSa bnaa| arjuna ne bRhannalA nAma dhAraNa kara rAjakanyA ko saMgIta sikhAne kA kArya svIkArA / nakula granthika nAma se azvazAlA kA adhyakSa ho gyaa| cAra mAsa ke pazcAt virATa nagarI meM devatA ke utsava ke nimitta eka melA bharA thA jisameM saikar3oM malla upasthita hue the| unameM se jImUta nAmakA eka mahAn malla thA jisake sAtha yuddha karane ke liye koI bhI taiyAra nahIM thaa| taba virATa kI AjJA le bhIma ne usake sAtha mallayuddha kara usakA nAza kiyaa| usake nAza ke kAraNa loga Anandita hue| dasa mAsa hone ke pazcAt virATa ke senApati tathA zyAlaka kIcaka ne eka samaya draupadI ko dekhaa| usake saundarya para vaha mohita huaa| sudeSNA kI saMmati se vaha draupadI kI minnata karane lgaa| parantu draupadI ne usakA tiraskAra kiyaa| kIcaka ne sudeSNA kI anumati se eka SaDayaMtra rcaa| sudeSNA ne draupadI ko madirA lAne ke liye kIcaka ne yahAM Agraha karake bheja diyaa| draupadI ghara meM Ate hI madonmatta kIcaka ne usakA hAtha pakaDa liyaa| tatkAla draupadI ne apanA hAta chuDA kara kIcaka ko nIce Dhakela diyA aura vaha dauDatI huI rAjasabhA meM A dhmkii| usake pIche kIcaka bhI AyA aura usane draupadI ko nIce girA kara lAtha maarii| rote rote draupadI ne rAjA kI aura rAjasabhA ke logoM kI nindA kii| virATa rAjA ne kahA, "vahAM tumhArA kyA huA yaha maiM nahI jaantaa| so mai isa bAta meM kyA kara sakatA hU~?" virATa kA yaha kahanA sunakara vaha rAnI sudeSNA ke pAsa gyii| usakA sArA kathana sunakara sudeSNA ne kahA, "yadi tU kahegI to mai use sajA duuNgii|" taba draupadI ne uttara diyA "nahIM, Apa kucha bhI na kreN| mere pati gAMdharva haiM, ve usakA badalA leNge| usakI mRtyu kA samaya samIpa AyA hai|" rAta ke samaya draupadI bhIma ke pAsa gyii| virATa rAjA ke liye candana ugAla kara hAthoM ko jo ghaTTe par3a gaye the ve draupadI ne bhIma ko dikhalAye aura vaha rone lgii| usake hAtha apane muMha para rakhakara bhIma bhI kucha samaya ke liye royaa| usake pazcAt draupadI ne usase kahA, "mujhe pIDA pahuMcAne vAlA nIca kIcaka yadi jIvita rahegA to mai prANa tyAga kruuNgii|" yaha suna kara bhIma ne use kIcaka ke vadha kI eka yukti btaayii| draupadI ne vaha mAna lI aura vaha svasthAna aaii| dUsare dina kIcaka rAjagRha meM Akara draupadI se kahane lagA "kala bharI sabhA meM maine tujhe lAtha mArI kintu tujhe chuDAne ke liye koI nahIM AyA, isakA vicAra kr| senApati hone ke kAraNa matsya deza kA vAstava rAjA mai hI huuN| virATa kevala nAmadhArI rAjA hai| isaliye tU merA kahanA maan| mai terA dAsa huuN|" tatpazcAt draupadI ne kahA, "yaha bAta kisI ko bhI jJAta nahIM honI caahiye| apane yahAM jo nRtyazAlA hai vahAM rAta ke samaya saMpUrNa aMdhakAra rahatA hai| usa samaya tU vahAM A jA jisase yaha bAta mere gandharva pati ko bhI jJAta na hogii|" donoM kI yaha bAta pakkI ho kara kIcaka vahAM se gyaa| draupadI ne yaha saMketa bhIma ko btaayaa| bhIma rAta ke aMdhakAra meM vahAM kIcaka ke pahale hI chupa kara baiTha gyaa| kIcaka ke vahAM Ate hI bhIma ne usako mAra ddaalaa| draupadI ne yaha bAta paharedAroM se khii| anantara kIcaka kA zava smazAna kI ora le jAte samaya kIcaka bhAiyoM ne usa bhIDa meM draupadI ko dekhaa| tatkAla unhoMne kIcaka ke zava ke sAtha draupadI ko bAMdhakara le cle| draupadI jora jora se cillAne lgii| yaha sunakara bhIma ne apanA veSa badala kara eka vRkSa ukhADA aura usane kIcaka ke sabhI bhAiyoM ko mAra DAlA aura draupadI ko mukta kiyaa| isa taraha bhIma ne svayaM kIcaka aura usake 105 bhAiyoM ko yAne 106 kIcakoM ko naSTa kiyaa| pANDavoM kI khoja ke liye duryodhana ne gupta dUta bheje the parantu ve pANDavoM kA patA nahIM lagA ske| kintu kIcaka kA vadha gaMdharvo ne kiyA yaha bAta dUtoM ne duryodhana ko khii| yaha sunakara koI kahane lagA, "dUsare acche dUta bheja deN|" koI kahatA thA, "bahudhA pANDavoM kA vinAza huA hogaa|" kauravasabhA meM usa samaya trigata deza kA rAjA suzarmA upasthita thaa| usake kahane kA Azaya thA, "kIcaka kA nAza ho gayA hai isaliye Aja taka usane jo hameM pIDA aura duHkha diyA hai usakA badalA hama leN| mai matsya deza para dakSiNa kI ora se caDhAI kruuNgaa| tuma saba uttara pradeza se aavo|" usakA vaha kahanA karNa ko pasanda aayaa| usake anusAra rAjA suzarmA ne dakSiNa kI ora se caDhAI karake virATa ke godhana kA apaharaNa kiyaa| 100/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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yaha sunakara pANDavoM ko sAtha lekara rAjA virATa ne usa para AkramaNa kiyaa| yuddha meM bhIma ne rAjA suzarmA ko jindA pakaDakara laayaa| virATa ne usako jIvanadAna diyaa| taba vaha nikala gyaa| usa rAta pANDava vahIM para rhe| dUsare dina uttara kI gaueM kaurava senA le jA rahI thii| yaha vArtA virATa putra uttara ko jJAta hone se vaha kahane lagA ki, "kyA kareM? yadi mujhe acchA sArathI mile to mai kauravoM se yuddha kara unase apanI gaueM chuDA kara laauuNgaa|" taba draupadIkI sUcanAnusAra bRhannalAko yAne arjuna ko sArathI banA kara uttara raNabhUmi meM AyA; kintu kauravoM kI mahAna senA dekhate hI vaha ghabarA kara vApasa bhAgane lgaa| arjuna ne use dhIraja de kara zamI vRkSa para rakhe huye apane zastra nikAlane ko khaa| usane apane svayaMkA paricaya bhI uttara ko diyaa| taba uttara ko dhIraja AyA aura vahI arjuna kA sArathI bana gyaa| arjuna ratha meM baiThe kauravoM ke sAtha yuddha karane ke liye taiyAra huaa| __arjuna ko dekha kara duryodhana ne bhISma se pUchA ki, "kyA pANDavoM ke teraha varSa pUrNa hue? hamArI rAya yaha hai ki unake teraha varSa abhI pUrNa nahIM hue haiM aura isa avasthA meM arjuna ke prakaTa hone ke kAraNa pANDavoM ko punaH bAraha varSa vanavAsa karanA caahiye|" bhISma ne kahA ki, "pANDava kabhI bhI adharma nahIM kreNge| unhoMne pratijJA ke anusAra apane teraha varSa pUrNa kiye haiN| unakA AdhA rAjya vApasa denA yahI isa paristhiti meM ucita hogaa|" kintu duryodhana ko yaha bAta nahIM jNcii| anta meM arjuna ne kauravoM ko parAsta kara gaueM mukta kara dii| apane zastra phira se zamI vRkSa ke koTara meM rakha kara arjuna aura uttara nagara vApisa lautte| unake pahale hI virATa aura pANDava vahAM Aye the| pANDava aura draupadI kA paricaya uttara ke dvArA hone para rAjA virATa ne apanI putrI uttarA arjuna ko dene kI icchA vyakta kI parantu arjuna ke kahane para abhimanyu se usakA vivAha virATa rAjA ne bar3e ThATamATa se kiyaa| 5 udyogaparva abhimanyu kA vivAha hone ke uparAnta eka dina, sabhA baiThe hue zrIkRSNa ne kahA, "pANDava apanI pratijJA kA pAlana kara teraha sAla pUre kara cuke haiN| aba unheM AdhA rAjya prApta honA ucita hogaa| parantu kaurava anAyAsa rAjya deMge aisA nahIM lgtaa| ataH unakA mana jAnane ke lie dUta bhejanA caahiye|" zrIkRSNa kI yaha bAta mAnya kI gii| drupadarAjA ne apanA purohita kauravoM kI ora bhejaa| zrIkRSNa dvArakA gye| pANDavoM ne saba rAjAoM kI ora yuddha kI sahAyatA karane ke liye dUta bheje| zrIkRSNa ke dvArakA pahuMcane ke uparAnta duryodhana sahAyatA mAMgane ke liye unake yahAM gyaa| zrIkRSNa usa samaya so rahe the| duryodhana unakI takiyA ke pAsa jA baitthaa| usI samaya usI kArya ke liye arjuna bhI vahAM AyA aura zrIkRSNa ke pairoM ke pAsa baitthaa| isa sthiti meM zrIkRSNa jI jAga utthe| unhoMne arjuna kI ora prathama dekhaa| duryodhana ne kahA, "zrIkRSNa, hama donoM tumhArI dRSTi meM samasamAna hai aura mai pahale AyA hUM, isaliye tuma mujhe sahAyatA do" zrIkRSNa ne usase kahA, "yaha satya hai ki tuma pahale Aye ho parantu maine prathama arjuna ko dekhA hai aura tumase vaha kaniSTha hone ke kAraNa usakA haTha pahale pUrA karanA hogaa| so maiM niHzastra hokara eka pakSa meM rahUMgA aura merI dasa koTi senA dUsare pakSa meM rhegii| isameM se jo arjuna pasaMda kare vaha le|" arjuna ne zrIkRSNa ko hI mAMga liyaa| senA kA sahAya milane se duryodhana prasanna huaa| duryodhana ke jAne ke uparAnta zrIkRSNa ne arjuna se pUchA, "tumane senA ko asvIkRta kara merA svIkAra kisa kAraNa kiyA?" arjuna ne uttara diyA, "jahA~ Apa haiM vahIM vijayazrI hai, dUsarA kAraNa yaha ki bahuta dinoM se mere mana meM yaha vicAra bhI rahA hai ki Apa mere sArathI bneN| Aja merI yaha icchA pUrNa hogii| isI dRSTi se maine ApakA svIkAra kiyaa|" isaprakAra bhAvI yuddha meM zrIkRSNa ne arjuna kA sArathI bananA svIkAra kiyaa| rAjA zalya jaba pANDavoM kI ora A rahA thA to rAste meM duryodhana usakI acchI vyavasthA rakha kara use apanI ora vaza kiyaa| sArI senA duryodhana ke sAtha bheja kara akelA zalya pANDavoM se milane ke liye aayaa| taba yaha jAna kara ki zalyahi karNa kA sArathI hogA, dharmarAja ne zalyako karNa kA tejobhaMga karane kI sUcanA dii| use mAnya kara zalya kauravoM kI ora calA gyaa| drupadarAjA kA purohita kauravoM kI ora gyaa| usane nivedana kiyA ki "pANDavoM ko AdhA rAjya denA yogya hai| aura aisA na kiyA gayA to kauravoM kA yuddha meM nAza hogaa|" bhISma ne isakI puSTi kI parantu karNa ne kahA, "pANDavoM ko yadi aura bAraha varSa vanavAsa karane kI bAta pasanda nahIM to yuddha ke liye unheM siddha honA pddegaa|" yaha matabheda dekha kara dhRtarASTra ne usa purohita ko AdarasatkAra sahita bidA kiyA aura saMjaya ko pANDavoM ke pAsa bheja diyaa| usane dhRtarASTra kA sandeza sunaayaa| "pANDavoM, tuma saba bhAI dhArmika ho ataH tumheM yuddha samAna bhayaMkara kRtya kara ke apane kula kA nAza karane ke badale sarva saMga parityAga kara dvArakAnagarI meM bhIkha mAMgakara apanA udaranirvAha karanA yogya hai| yaha rAjyatRSNA ApakI dhArmikatA kA nAza kregii| dharmarAja kahane lage "Apasa meM yuddha karanA mujhe bhI sammata nahIM hai parantu pratijJA ke anusAra teraha sAla pUre hone ke bAda bhI kaurava hamArA AdhA rAjya dene ke liye taiyAra nahIM hai| isa liye yadi yuddha hogA to usakA doSa dhRtarASTra ko hogA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 101 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hameM nhiiN| phira bhI yuddha ke kAraNa hone vAlA nAza TAlane ke liye kaurava hameM kama se krama pAMca gA~va pradAna to kareM" pANDavoMkA yaha sandeza saMjaya ne dhRtarASTra ko batA kara usakI nindA kii| usa rAta dhRtarASTra ko nIMda na Ane ke kAraNa unhoMne vidurako bulavAkara unase viduranIti kA zravaNa kiyaa| dUsare dina bharI sabhA meM saMjayadvArA dharmarAja kA sandeza kathana karane ke uparAnta bhISma, droNa, vidura, Adi sajjanoM ne duryodhana ko samajhAne kA bahuta prayatna kiyA parantu ve usameM asaphala rahe / "" pANDavoM kI ora se samajhaute ke liye zrIkRSNa hastinApura meM Aye / parantu duryodhana ke ghara para na rahate hue ve vidura ke ghara ruke| dusare dina kauravoM kI rAjasabhA meM jA kara Apasa meM yuddha na ho, isaliye zrIkRSNa ne pANDavoM ko AdhA rAjya dene ke bAroM meM yuktiyukta sundara vyAkhyAna diyaa| zrIkRSNa ke vyAkhyAna ke anantara bhISma, droNa, vidura Adi ne duryodhana ko samajhAne kA bahuta prayatna kiyA parantu duryodhana ne sApha kaha diyA ki, "suI kI noMka para raha sake itanI dharatI bhI pANDavoM ko nahIM duuNgaa|" usake bAda kuntI kA kahanA sunakara zrIkRSNa hastinApura se cale gye| karNa ko pANDava pakSa meM lAne ke liye unhoMne prayatna kiye| kauravoM ke yahAM kA sArA vRtAnta sunA kara unhoMne kahA ki "aba yuddha avazyambhAvI hai| yaha sunakara pANDava senA ke sAtha kurukSetra para yuddha ke liye siddha hue| yaha dekha kara ki "zrIkRSNa pANDavoM kI ora gaye hai, duryodhana ne senA ko yuddha ke liye prastuta hone kI AjJA de kara, kRpAcArya, droNAcArya Adi gyAraha senApatiyoM kI niyukti kI / bhISma ko senAnAyakatva svIkAra karane kI prArthanA kii| usa samaya bhISma ne kahA, "he duryodhana, kaurava aura pANDava merI dRSTi meM eka hI haiN| so maine nizcaya kiyA hai ki mai pANDavoM ko hita kI bAteM sunaauuNgaa| kintu yuddha tumhAre liye hI kruuNgaa| isa meM merI do zarteM hoNgii| eka to mai pANDavoM kA vadha nahIM karUMgA aura dUsarI yaha ki "merA sadA dveSa karane vAlA karNa yadi yuddha meM bhAga le to mai yuddha nahIM kruuNgaa|" karNa ne yaha suna kara pratijJA kI ki, "jaba taka bhISma jIvita haiM, taba taka mai bhI yuddha nahIM kruuNgaa|" bhISma ke netRtva meM kauravoM kI senA bhI kurukSetra para A gyii| pANDavoM kI senA meM drupada, virATa, dhRSTaghumna Adi sAta senApati the, jinameM dhRSTadyumna pramukha senApati thA / dhRSTa senApati arjuna aura usake mArgadarzaka zrIkRSNa the donoM ora kI senAoM ko yuddha ke liye dekha kara balarAma ne dharmarAja se kahA, "isa yuddha meM tumhArI vijaya hogii| bhIma aura duryodhana donoM hI gadAyuddha meM mere priyaH ziSya hai| kauravoM kA vinAza meM nahIM dekha skuuNgaa| isaliye mai tIrthayAtrA karane jA rahA huuN|" itanA kaha kara ve cale gye| bAda meM vidarbha kA rAjA rukmI eka akSauhiNI senA lekara pANDavoM kI ora aayaa| usane arjuna se kahA, "yadi tumako Dara ho yA merI sahAyatA kI apekSA ho to mujhe khnaa| mai akelA hI tumhAre zatruoM kA nAza kruuNgaa|" arjuna ne uttara diyA "mujhe na Dara hai aura na tumhArI sahAyatA kI apekSA bhI / tuma raho yA jaao|" yaha suna kara rukmI ne duryodhana kI ora jAkara vaisA hI prastAva diyaa| duryodhana se bhI usako vahI uttara milaa| usake bAda vaha apane deza kI ora calA gyaa| upakathA 1 prahlAda kI satyaniSThA : pralhAda ke putra virocana aura aMgirA RSi ke putra sudhanvA ke bIca jaba ki ve eka kanyA svayaMvara meM varaNa karane ke hetu se Aye the, vivAda huA ki, "donoM meM kauna zreSTha hai|" isameM yaha nizcita huA kI, jo zreSTha mAnA jAegA vaha dUsare ke jIvana kA adhikArI hogaa| ataH zreSThatA nizcita karane ke liye ve prahlAda kI ora gye| pralhAda ne kahA, "virocana, terI mAtA se isakI mAtA zreSTha hai| mujhase inake pitA aMgirA zreSTha haiN| usI prakAra yaha sudhanvAbhI tujhase zreSTha hai, ataH prANa aba usake hAtha hai|" yaha suna kara sudhanvAne uttara diyA, "he prahlAda, dharma ko sAkSI mAna kara tumane satya kathana kiyA, putra prema se jhUTa nahIM kahA, isa liye aba maiM tumhAre putra tumako vApasa de rahA hU~" / upakathA 2 baiDAlavrata : eka bilAva nadI para tapazcaryA kA DhoMga racA kara baiThA thaa| pakSiyoM ke pAsa Ane para bhI vaha unheM nahIM mAratA thaa| yaha dekha kara cUhoM ne apane bAlabaccoM kI rakSA karane ke liye usase prArthanA kii| hAM nA kahate hue usane yaha dAyitva svIkRta kiyA aura cUhoM para hAtha sApha karanA Arambha kiyaa| yaha bAta cUhoM ke dhyAna meM Ate hI aMtima duSpariNAma kA vicAra kara zeSa cUhe bhAga gye| 6 bhISmaparva 1 janamejaya rAjA ke pUchane para vaizampAyana RSi Age batAne lage, donoM senAoM ke, kurukSetra para ikaThThA hone para yuddha-sambadhI niyama nizcita kiye gaye donoM senAoM ko yuddhArtha siddha dekha kara vyAsa maharSi dhRtarASTra se bole, "yuddha dekhane kI agara icchA ho to kaho divya dRSTi-dvArA saMjaya tumheM yuddha kI vArtA sunaaegaa|" dhRtarASTra ne yuddha kA pUrA samAcAra sunane kI apanI icchA vyakta kii| saMjaya batAne lagA sUryodaya hote hI donoM senAeM yuddha ho gayI raNavAdya bajane lge| bhISmAcArya ne sabake lie utsAhavardhaka bhASaNa diyaa| zrIkRSNa kI sUcanA ke anusAra arjuna ne jayaprApti ke lie bhagavatI kI prArthanA kii| bhagavatI ne icchAnusAra varapradAna kiyA aura arjuna ne ratha para ArohaNa kiyaa| taduparAnta zrIkRSNa, arjuna tathA pANDava pakSa ke sabhI vIra yoddhAoM ne apane-apane 102 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra * * zaMkha bajAye / aba yuddha prArambha ho hI rahA thA ki arjuna ne apanA ratha donoM senAoM ke bIca khaDA karane ke lie zrIkRSNa se khaa| vahAM arjuna ne donoM senAoM meM dekhA kI pitAmaha prapitAmaha, iSTa mitra bandhu, putra, pautra Adi upasthita haiN| unheM mAra kara rAjya pAne kI apekSA bhikSA mAMga kara jInA yogya hogA isa vicAra se nirutsAha hokara ratha meM saMjJA - zUnya sA baiTha gyaa| arjuna ke usa zoka aura moha ko dUra karane ke lie zrIkRSNa ne use apanI gItA sunaayii| arjuna do prakAroM se moha meM A gayA thaa| eka moha yaha thA ki bhISmAdikoM ke zarIra nAza ke sAtha-sAtha unakI AtmA kA nAza hotA hai, aura dUsarA moha, kSAtra dharma yuddha ko, vaha adharma samajhane lagA thA aura bhikSAM dehi adharma ko dharma / avinAzI AtmA ko, arjuna nAzavAn samajha rahA thA aura dharma ko adharma aura adharma ko dharma samajha rahA thaa| isa lie "AtmA kA nAza koI nahIM kara sakatA aura tU kSatriya hone ke kAraNa yuddha karanA terA dharma hai| usako tU kadApi tyAga nahIM sktaa| agara svadharma kA tyAga karegA to tujhe pApa lgegaa| yuddha meM tujhe pApa kI AzaMkA hotI ho to kartavyoM ko nibhAte hue pApoM se alipta rahane kI yogayukti isa prakAra hai, jaya-parAjaya, lAbha-hAnI, sukha-duHkha ityAdi dvandva samAna mAna kara niSkAma nirbhaya buddhi se kartavya karanA caahie|" isa prakAra zrIkRSNa bhagavAn ke upadeza se prabuddha hokara arjuna yuddha ke lie punaH kaTibaddha huA / itane meM dharmarAja zastra nIce rakha kara, kavaca utAra kara hAtha jor3a kara cupake se paidala hI pUrva kI tarapha sthita kauravoM kI senA kI aura jAne lge| unake pIche unake bandhu, zrIkRSNa aura anya rAjA-mahArAjA bhI prastuta huye| dharmarAja ne sIdhe bhISma, droNa, kRpa, zalya ke pAsa pahuMca kara unase prArthanA kI ki unheM saMgrAma meM vijayazrI prApta ho| unameM se bhISma ne batAyA ki mujhe jIta lene kA upAya mai tujhe batAUMgA / droNAcArya ne batAyA ki meM jaba zastra nIce rakhU~, tabhI koI merA vadha kara sakegA, anyathA merA vadha asaMbhava hai| sabhI ne dharmarAja ko AzIvArda diyA ki terI jaya nizcita hai| itanA saba hone para dharmarAja apanI senA kI ora jAne lge| isI bIca zrIkRSNa ne karNa ko pA kara usase kahA ki bhISma ke yuddha meM rahate agara tU kauravoM kI tarapha se yuddha karanA nahIM cAhatA hai to pAMDavoM kI tarapha se yuddha kr| paraMtu yaha sUcanA karNa ne nahIM maanii| dharmarAja ne donoM senAoM ke bIca khaDe ho kara ucca svara se kahA, "kauravoM kA pakSa chor3akara hamAre pakSa meM Ane kI jinakI icchA ho ve A sakate haiN|" vaha suna kara dhRtarASTra kA putra yuyutsu pAMDavoM kI ora A gyaa| sI 1) pahale dina bhISma ne dina bhara ghamAsAna yuddha kiyaa| virATa rAjA ke putra zveta kA vadha kiyA aura pAMDavoM kI bahuta senA naSTa kara dii| bhISma pitAmaha kA parAkrama dekha kara Aja jaya prApta karane kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai samajha kara zAma ko pAMDavoM ne yuddha sthagita kiyaa| donoM senAeM apane-apane zibira ko calI gyii| - 2) dUsare dina pAMDavoM ne senA kI racanA ca-vyUha meM kI sUryodaya ke hote hI bhISmAcAryajI kI mahAvyUha se Abaddha kaurava senA pAMDavoM para car3ha aayii| bhISmAcArya ne pAMDavoM kI senA kA bahuta hI nAza kiyaa| taba unase yuddha karane arjuna prastuta huA / koI kisI ko jIta na skaa| isI samaya bhIma ne kaliMga dezake rAjA zrutAyu aura niSAda rAjA ketumAna kA vadha kiyaa| unakI senA kA isa prakAra nAza kiyA ki bhIma sAkSAt yamarAja hI hai aisA AbhAsa kaurava senA meM nirmANa huaa| taba bhIma ke sAtha bhISma yuddha karane prastuta hue| itane meM sAtyaki ne bhISma ke sArathI ko mAra ddaalaa| usa samaya ghoDe uddAma hokara yuddha-kSetra ke bAhara bhISmAcArya ke ratha ko lekara dauDa paDe / duryodhana ke putra lakSmaNa aura abhimanyu ke bIca yuddha chiDa gyaa| unakI sahAyatA meM eka ora se duryodhana aura dUsarI ora arjuna vahA~ pahu~ca gye| usa samaya arjuna ne ratha ghoDe, hAthI, padAti Adi sabhI virodhiyoM kA saMhAra zurU kara diyaa| taba kauravoM kI senA titarabitara hone lgii| itane meM sUryAsta kA samaya ho aayaa| bhISmAcArya ne yuddha sthagita kiyA aura donoM senAe~ apane-apane zibira meM vizrAma ke lie calI gyiiN| 3) tIsare dina bhISmAcAryane apanI senA ko garuDa-vyUha meM Abaddha kiyaa| udhara pAMDavoM ne ardhacandra-vyUhakI racanA kI thI / yuddha ke prAraMbha meM hI arjuna ne kauravoM kI senA kA atyadhika nAza kiyaa| senA bhAgane lagI / duryodhana ne apane protsAhana se vApasa lauTAyA / parantu duryodhana bhISma droNa ke pAsa jAkara kahane lagA, "Apa apane nijI utsAha se yuddha nahIM kara rhe| Apake rahate pAMDavoM kA vijayI honA mujhe ThIka nahIM laga rahA hai| aba utsAha se yuddha karane kI kRpA kreN|" yaha suna kara bhISmAcArya kruddha ho kara bole, "aba taka kaI bAra tujhako batAyA ki pAMDava ajeya haiN| mai bUr3hA ho gayA huuN| kevala kartavya vaza hokara hI yuddha khela hI rahA huuN|" kauravoMkI senA yuddha ke lie phira se lauTane para arjuna ne mahendra astra kA prayoga kiyaa| usa astra ke prayoga se kauravoM kI senA kA bahuta hI saMhAra huaa| saMdhyA ke samaya, pAMDavoM kI senA apanA jaya ghoSa karate hue apane zibira meM calI gyii| 4) cauthe dina sabere duryodhana ko dekhate hI use mArane ke liye bhIma tejI se daur3a pdd'aa| taba duryodhana ne magadhadezIya dasa hajAra hAthiyoM kI senA bhIma para bhejii| bhImasena ne usa sArI senA kA nAza kiyA, taba duryodhana ne krodha se Adeza diyA kI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 103 For Private and Personal Use Only

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"saba mila kara pahale isa bhIma ko naSTa kroN'| tatkAla usake caudaha bhAI bhIma para TUTa pdd'eN| unameM se ATha bhAiyoM kA bhIma ne vadha kiyA aura zeSa bhAga gye| itane meM bhagadatta hAthI para savAra bhIma para car3ha aayaa| taba ghaTotkaca ne usakA pratikAra kiyaa| ghaTotkaca apanI mAyAvI paddhati se yuddha karane lagA, taba "aba zAma honeko hai| isa samaya isa duSTa nizAcara ke sAtha yuddha khelane se jaya kadApi hone vAlI nahIM hai| hama thaka gaye haiN| pAMDavoM ke zastrAstroM se hama ghAyala bhI hue haiN| isI lie kala hI yuddha kreN|" isa prakAra bhISmAcArya ne droNAcArya tathA duryodhana se salAha karake yuddha sthagita rakhane kA Adeza diyaa| 5) pAMcave dina kA prAraMbha bhISma aura bhIma ke yuddha se huaa| bhIma ne bhISmAcArya para zakti claayii| bhISma ne tIra calA kara vaha zakti toDa ddaalii| itane meM bhIma ne dhanuSya-bANa uTAyA, vaha bhI bhISma ne toDa ddaalaa| vaha dekha kara sAtyaki bhISma para tIra calAne lge| bhISma ne usake sArathI ko mAra ddaalaa| taba ghoDe-sAtyaki ke rathako le kara dUra bhAga khar3e hue| usake bAda bhISma ne pAMDavoM kI senA ke kaI vIroM kA nAza kiyaa| sAtyaki punaH tIra calAte hue A pahuMcA taba duryodhana ne usake pratikAra meM dasa hajAra ratha bhijvaaye| una sabakA nAza sAtyaki ne kiyaa| taba baDe krodha se bhUrizravA sAtyAMka para caDha aayaa| sAtyaki ke dasa putra usase yuddha karane lge| unakA vaha yuddha bahuta samaya taka calatA rhaa| aMta meM bhUrizravA ne sAtyaki ke dasoM putroM ke dhanuSyoM ko aura bAda meM unake mastakoM ko kATa ddaalaa| vaha dekhakara sAtyaki bhUrizravApara bar3e krodha se caDha aayaa| una donoM meM bhayAnaka yuddha huaa| donoM ne eka dUsare ke ghoDe mAra DAle aura hAtha meM DhAla-talavAra lekara yuddha karane lge| taba bhIma ne sAtyaki ko aura duryodhana ne bhUrizravA ko apane rathapara biThA liyaa| isI samaya jaba bhISma ne pAMDavoM kI senA kA atyadhika saMhAra kiyA taba arjuna yuddha karane sAmane prastuta huaa| taba duryodhana ne pacIsa hajAra rathiyoM ko usake pratikAra meM bhijvaayaa| arjuna-dvArA unakA saMhAra hote-hote sUryAsta ke kAraNa niyamAnusAra yuddha sthagita kara donoM senAeM zibira meM vApasa lauttiiN| 6) chaThe dina bhIma ne droNAcArya para AkramaNa kiyaa| droNAcArya ne bhIma para nau tIra chodde| pratyuttara meM bhIma ne droNAcArya kA sArathI maaraa| taba ghoDe kA lagAma pakaDa kara ratha calAnA aura sAtha yuddha karanA donoM kAma sAtha sAtha karate hue droNAcArya ne pAMDavoM kI senA kA bahuta hI vidhvaMsa kiyaa| usI taraha bhISma ne bhI bhayaMkara vidhvaMsa kiyaa| bhIma aura arjuna ne bhI kauravoM kI senA kI vahI durgati kii| anantara bhIma kaurava kI senA kI sImA toDa kara ghusa pddaa| usako jiMdA pakar3ane ke hetu bahuta vIra use ghera kara yuddha karane lge| taba bhImasena hAtha meM gadA uThA kara apane ratha se nIce utara pddaa| usane apanI gadA se usa sArI senA kA nAza kiyaa| bhIma ko kauravoM kI senA meM ghusate dekha kara usakI sahAyatA ke lie dhRSTadyumna dauDa pdd'aa| usane bhIma ko apane ratha para biThA liyA aura pramohanAstra kA prayoga kara ke kaurava senA ko mohita kara diyaa| vaha dekha kara droNAcArya ne prajJAstra kA prayoga kara ke pramohanAstra ko asaphala kara diyaa| isI taraha abhimanyu aura vikarNa, duHzAsana aura kekaya deza ke pAMca vIra, duryodhana aura draupadI ke pAMca putroM meM yuddha huaa| isa samaya bhISma uttara dizA kI ora pAMDava sainya kA aura arjuna dakSiNa kI ora kaurava sainya kA vidhvaMsa kara rahe the| sUryAsta ke samaya duryodhana ne bhIma para AkramaNa kiyaa| bhIma ne usake ratha ke ghoDe mAre, aura tIroM se duryodhana ko mUrcchita girA diyaa| bhISma ne pAMDava sainya kA bahuta vidhvaMsa kiyaa| bhImabANoM se lahuluhAna duryodhana bhISma ke pAsa pahuMca gyaa| bhISmAcAryane use auSadhi de dI jisase duryodhana ke zarIra ke sAre vraNa durusta ho gye| 7) sAtaveM dina kauravoM ne maMDalavyUha aura pAMDavoM ne vajravyUha kI racanA kii| yuddha karate karate bhISma kA ratha dharmarAja ke ratha ke nikaTa A gyaa| donoM ne eka dUsare para saikaDoM bANa chodde| itane me bhISma ne dharmarAjA ke ratha ke ghoDe maare| taba usane nakula ke ratha kA sahArA liyaa| unhoMne apanI sArI senA ko Adeza diyA ki saba mila kara bhISma ko naSTa kreN| vaha sunakara pAMDavoM kI senA bhISma ke irda-girda ikaTThA hokara yuddha karane lgii| bhISma ke bANoM se pAMDavoM kI senA ke sira tADavRkSa ke phala ke samAna Tap Tap TUTa nIce girane lge| droNAcArya ne bhI pAMDavoM kI senA kA bhArI vidhvaMsa kiyaa| 8) AThaveM dina bhISma ke bANoM se pANDava sainya kA bahuta hI nAza hone lgaa| taba dharmarAja ne pUrI senA ko bhISma para car3ha jAne kI AjJA dii| bhISma kI sahAyatA ke lie duryodhana apane baMdhuoM sameta pahu~ca gyaa| taba bhIma ne bhISmAcArya ke sArathI ko mAra kara sunAbha Adi dhRtarASTra ke 3 putroM kA saMhAra kiyaa| duHkhita ho kara duryodhana bhISmAcArya ke pAsa jA kara kahane lagA ki bhIma aba hamAre sarvanAza para tulA huA hai| bhISma kahane lage, "pahale tUne hamArI eka bhI nahIM sunii| bhIma tuma se aba kisI ko jiMdA nahIM rkhegaa| yuddha ke sivA aba koI cArA nahIM hai|" Age cala kara yuddha meM alambuSa rAkSasa ne arjuna ke putra irAvAn kA vadha kiyaa| airAvata nAga kI putravadhU vidhavA huii| kyoM ki garuDa ne usakA pati mAra DAlA thaa| usake putrahIna hone se airAvata ne arjuna ke dvArA putra utpanna karavA liyA thaa| usakA nAma irAvAn thaa| alambuSa rAkSasa ke hAthoM usakA vadha hote dekha kara 104 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bahuta hI kupita hue| olutial ke samaya tuma saba ko loga merI stuti hI va ghaTotkaca ne apanA mAyA jAla phailA diyaa| usake mAyAjAla ke kAraNa saba kaurava senA bhAga jAne lgii| taba bhISmAcArya punaH pAMDava sainya kA nAza karane lge| bhImasena Aveza se Age bddh'aa| usakA dhRtarASTra ke teraha putroM ne pratirodha kiyaa| kaiyoM kA bhIma ne vadha kiyaa| bAkI sAre bhAga gye| bhISma, bhagadatta aura kRpAcArya arjuna ke sAtha yuddha karane lge| usa yuddha meM donoM pakSa ke kaI hAthiyoM, ghoDoM, rathoM aura padAtiyoM kA saMhAra huaa| sUryAsta hone para bhI kucha samaya taka yuddha cAlU hI rahA / taba buddha sthagita kiyA gayA aura donoM sainya apane apane zibira meM cale gye| usa rAta meM duryodhana, duHzAsana, zakuni aura karNa ina cAroM ne "pANDavoM kA nAza kaise ho isa para vicAra karanA zuru kara diyaa| karNa ne kahA, duryodhana, bhISmAcArya kA AMtarika AkarSaNa pAMDavoM kI ora hai| ve tahe dila se yuddha nahIM kara rahe haiN| tU unheM zastra nIce rakhane kaha de| maiM pANDavoM kA saMhAra kara detA huuN| duryodhana ne jAkara bhISmAcArya ko vahI khaa| suna kara ve bahuta hI kupita hue| krodhAveza meM vizeSa kucha na kaha kara unhoMne itanA hI kahA ki, "virATa nagarI meM jaba arjuna ne sabake vastra haraNa liye the, ghoSayAtrA ke samaya tuma saba ko kaidI banA ke gaMdharva le jAne lage, usa samaya karNa kA bala pauruSa kahA~ gayA thA? kala mai vaha pauruSa prakaTa karUMgA ki saba loga merI stuti hI kreNge| lekina mai zikhaMDI ko nahIM maaruuNgaa| vaha janma se strI thaa| bAda meM kisI yakSa kI kRpA se use puruSatva prApta huA hai| isaliye usa para mai tora nahIM claauuNgaa|" vaha suna kara duryodhana apane sthAna A kara so gyaa| 9) nauMve dina bhISmAcArya ne apanI senA ko sarvatobhadra vyUha meM Abaddha kiyaa| idhara pAMDavoM ne mahAvyUha kI racanA kii| usa dina bhISma ne apUrva parAkrama dikhaayaa| unake sAmane khaDA hone kI kisI kI himmata nahIM pdd'tii| pAMDavoM kI senA bhAgane lgii| vaha dekha kara kRSNa ne arjuna ke ratha ko bhISma ke ratha ke sAmane lA khaDA kara diyaa| bhISma aura arjuna ke bIca ghora yuddha prAraMbha huaa| bhISma ke sAmane arjuna ke pauruSa ko adhUrA dekha kara zrIkRSNa ne ghoDoM ki lagAma choDa kara hAtha meM sudarzana cakra dhAraNa kiyA aura ve bhISma ko mArane dauDa pdde| taba kauravoM kI senA meM ajIba tahalakA maca gyaa| itane meM arjuna dauDatA A phuNcaa| usane zrIkRSNa ke caraNoM meM sira navA kara unase prArthanA kI ki, "Apa zastra dhAraNa na karane kI pratijJA kA bhaMga mata kijiye| maiM bhISma ko parAsta karatA huuN|" taba phira zrIkRSNa aura arjuna ratha para ArUDha hue aura yuddha cAlU huaa| bhISma ke adbhuta Aveza ke kAraNa pAMDava sainya bhAga jAne lgaa| usa dina pAMDava sainya kA bhArI vidhvaMsa ho jAne ke kAraNa zibira pahuMcate hI dharmarAja ne baDe hI duHkha ke sAtha zrIkRSNa se kahA, "mai yaha yuddha nahIM cAhatA aura rAjya bhI nahIM caahtaa| mai aba araNya meM jAkara apane deha kA sArthaka kruuNgaa| bhISma pitAmaha se lar3a kara vyartha jAna dene kI apekSA tapazcaryA karanA lAkha gunA acchA hai|" zrIkRSNa bole, "tuma mujhe AjJA do, mai kala hI bhISmAcArya kA vadha karavAtA hai|" lekina dharmarAja ne usa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne kahA bhISma ne mujhe pahale hI dina batAyA hai ki tU phira kabhI aa| mujhe jItane kA upAya mai tujhe btaauuNgaa| tadanusAra hama aba bhISma ke pAsa cale jaaeN| dharmarAja kI bAta mAna kara ve saba bhISmAcArya ke pAsa cale ge| bhISma ne una sabakA baDe AnaMda se Agata svAgata kiyaa| dharmarAja ne bhISma se unake parAjaya kI yukti puuchii| bhISma ne batAyA, tuma zikhaMDI ko Age kara ke lddo| mai usakA muMha bhI nahIM dekhgaa| kyoM ki vaha janma se strI hai| usake pIche raha kara arjana mA para tIra claaeN| taba mai apanA jIvanakArya samApta kara duuNgaa|" 10) dasaveM dina dharmarAjA ke AdezAnusAra arjuna ne zikhaNDI ko Age kara ke bhISmAcArya para itane tIra cAlae ki unakA zarIra chinna vicchinna ho gyaa| bhISma una tIroM ke sahita ratha se nIce gira pdde| devoM ne una para puSpavarSA kii| unake girate girate sUrya dakSiNa kI tarapha jhuka gyaa| yaha bAta unake dhyAna meM A gyii| isaliye uttarAyaNa ke prAraMbha hone taka ve tIroM kI zayyA para vaise hI leTe rhe| bhISma ke gira par3ate hI yuddha ko sthagita karake donoM daloM ke vIra bhISmAcArya ke pAsa baddhAMjali ho kara khaDe rhe| unakA svAgata karake bhISma ne kahA, "merA mastaka laTaka rahA hai| use AdhAra caahie|" vaha suna kara bahutere narama narama takiye le aaye| vaha dekha kara bhISma hNse| unhoMne arjuna kI tarapha dekhaa| bhISmajI kA abhiprAya dhyAna meM le kara arjuna ne tIna tIra isa DhaMga se choDe kI unakA eka takiyA hI laga gyaa| usase bhISma ke laTakate mastaka ko AdhAra mila gyaa| bhISmajI kI surakSA kara dene ke bAda sabhI unakA Adeza lekara bhArI duHkha ke sAtha apane apane sthAna cale gye| dUsare dina sabere hI saba logoM ke pahu~cate hI bhISma ne unase jala maaNgaa| kaiyoM ne unake sAmane khAne kI cIjeM aura jala ke kalaza rkhe| bhISmAcArya ne jala dene arjuna se khaa| arjuna ne dharatI meM tIra calAkara amRta jaisA madhura aura sugaMdhita jala kA nirjhara khiMcavA liyA aura bhISmAcArya kI pyAsa bujhA kara unheM tRpta kiyaa| bhISmajI ne arjuna kI stuti kI aura duryodhana se kahA, "dekha liyA tumane arjuna kA parAkrama? pANDavoM ko jItanA saMbhava nahIM hai| unase baira choDa do unheM unakA AdhA rAja de kara, sukha se dina bitaao|" lekina yaha bAta duryodhana ko nahI jNcii| bAda meM saba logoM ke apane apane saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 105 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nivAsa sthAna cale jAne para karNa bhISma se milane phuNcaa| "tumhArI AMkhoM me khaTakane vAlA tumhArA zatru- maiM karNa A gayA huuN|" unakA kahanA sunate hI bhISmAcArya ne AMkhe kholii| bar3e prema se karNa ko pAsa bulA kara kahA, "sUryase, kuntI kI kokha se janme tuma 'kauMteya' yAne pANDavoM ke sage bhAI ho| tumheM pANDavoM se snehapUrvaka rahanA caahie| baira ko bhUla jAvo jisase yuddha tathA saMhAra nahIM hogaa| maine tumako aba taka jo bhI bhalA burA kahA vaha kevala isaliye ki kaurava-pANDavoM kA baira vidveSa na baDhane paae| tumhArI vIratA se maiM pUrI taraha paricita huuN| maiM cAhatA hUM ki mere patana ke sAtha hI yaha saMgrAma samApta ho|" isa prakAra bhISmAcArya ne karNa ko bahuta kucha smjhaayaa| usa para karNa bolA, "maiM jAnatA hUM ki mai kuntI kA putra huuN| lekina maine duryodhana kA namaka khAyA hai| mai unakA vizvAsaghAta nahIM kara sktaa|" yaha suna kara bhISma ne kahA, "agara tumheM baira bhulA denA ThIka na lagatA ho, to tuma kSatriya dharma ke ucita hI yuddha kro| arjuna ke hAtha tumheM mRtyu tathA sadgati bhI milegii| maine lAkha prayatna kiye ki yuddha na ho, parantu usameM maiM asaphala hI rhaa| bhISmAcArya kA vaha nivedana suna kara unheM praNAma kara ke unakI AjJA se karNa duryodhana ke pAsa lauTa pdd'aa| 7 droNaparva kathana ke anusAra karNa bhISmajI se mila kara lauTa par3A thaa| duryodhana ne karNa se pUchA ki aba bhISmajI ke pazcAt senApati pada kise pradAna kreN| karNa ne droNAcArya jI kA nAma sUcita karane para duryodhana ne unako senApati pada diyaa| senApati banane para droNAcArya ne pAMca dina bar3A hI ghora yuddha kiyaa| eka akSauhiNI se bhI adhika vIroM kA nAza kiyaa| lekina aMta meM dhRSTadyumna ne unakA vadha kiyaa| vaha vRtta sunate hI dhRtarASTra ne droNAcArya kI mRtyu para bhArI zoka prakaTa kiyA aura yuddha kA pUrA vivaraNa batAne ke lie saMjaya ko Adeza diyaa| usa para saMjaya ne batAyA : droNAcArya ke senApati hone para duryodhana ne kahA, "gurudeva, merI yaha icchA hai ki yuddha meM dharmarAja ko tuma jIvita pakaDa laao|" kAraNa pUchane para duryodhana ne batAyA aura apane hRdaya kA chala kapaTa prakaTa kara ke sunaayaa| dharmarAja ko hama maravA DAleM to bhIma, arjuna Adi dUsare bhI hama saba kA pUrA nAza kiye binA sAMsa nahIM leMge aura agara dharmarAja ko jIvita hI pakaDa sake to hama punaH unase dyUta khela sakeMge aura unheM pUrvavat vanavAsa ko bhijavA de skeNge| duryodhana ke dila kI vaha duSTa vAsanA suna kara droNAcArya bole, "acchI bAta hai| mai yaha kAma karake dikhAUMgA kintu arjuna ko kisI taraha se dharmarAja kI rakSA karane kI phursata na milane paae| arjuna dUsarI tarapha kahIM phaMsane para mai dharmarAja ko jIvita pakaDa lA skuuNgaa| arjuna ke samakSa yaha bAta kadApi hone vAlI nahIM hai|" droNAcArya ne apanA ratha dharmarAja ke ratha taka pahuMcA diyaa| yaha dekha kara dharmarAjA kA vinAza huA isa taraha hAhAkAra pANDavoM kI senA meM maca gyaa| yaha sunate hI arjuna vahAM pahuMca gayA aura usane dharmarAja kA rakSaNa kiyaa| zibira pahuMcane para droNAcArya ne duryodhana se kahA, "dekho hama saba arjuna ke vahAM pahuMcane para Aja dharmarAja ko jIvita pakaDane meM asaphala rhe| arjuna ko jItanA asaMbhava hai| isaliye aba arjuna ko dUsarI tarapha kisI na kisI upAya se roka phaMsA denA caahie| vaha suna kara trigarta deza kA rAjA suzarmA aura usake bhAI arjuna ke sAtha yuddha karane kI zapatha le kara apanI senA ke sAtha sannaddha ho gye| jIteMge yA to yuddha meM mara miTeMge isa prakAra kI ghora pratijJA kara lene se ve saMzaptaka kahalAte the| zrIkRSNa ne duryodhana ko jo apanA sainya diyA thA vaha "nArAyaNa gaNa" nAma se prasiddha thaa| vaha bhI saMzaptakoM ke sAtha cala pdd'aa| bArahaveM dina idhara udhara yuddha ke prAraMbha hone ke pahale hI saMzaptakoM ne arjuna ko yuddha ke lie cunautI dii| yuddha ke lie cunautI prApta hone para nA na kahane kI arjuna kI pratijJA thii| dharmarAja kI surakSA kA kAma pAMcAlya rAjaputra satyajit ko saupa kara arjuna saMzaptakoM kA yuddha karane dakSiNa dizA kI tarapha calA gayA aura udhara yuddha meM kAphI saMzaptakoM kA aura nArAyaNa gaNa kA saMhAra karanA usane zuru kara diyaa| 12) arjuna ke saMzaptakoM kI tarapha jAne para bArahaveM dina kA yuddha zuru huaa| droNAcArya ne pAMDava sainya kA bhayaMkara saMhAra kara ke apanA ratha dharmarAja ke ratha ke nikaTa pahuMcA diyaa| taba satyajita sAmane A kara yuddha karane lgaa| lekina droNAcArya ne usakA vadha kiyaa| vaha dekha, sahama kara dharmarAja bhAga gye| anantara virATa rAjA kA choTA bhAI zatAnIka sAmane A gyaa| usakA bhI nAza droNAcArya ne kiyaa| taba pANDava sainya meM bhagadaDa maca gyii| yaha dekha kara duryodhana ko apAra harSa huaa| paraMtu itane me bhIma droNAcArya kI senA kA sAmanA karane caDha aayaa| taba rAjA bhagadatta hAthI para savAra hokara yuddha karane prastuta huaa| usane apane hAthI ko bhIma ke ratha para claayaa| usake hAthI ne bhIma ke ratha ko naSTa kara diyaa| bhIma usa hAthI ke peTa para nIce se muSTiprahAra karane lgaa| taba vaha hAthI cakra ke samAna golAkAra ghUmane lagA, aura bhIma ko pakaDa meM lAne kA maukA DhUMDhane lgaa| bhIma usake peTa ke nIce se saTaka gyaa| hAthI pANDava sainya kA saMhAra karane lgaa| koI usako roka na skaa| pANDava sainya rote cillAte bhAgane lgaa| yaha vArtA suna kara bhagadatta ke vadha ke lie zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ke ratha ko 106 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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chAtI para jhela liyA huA thaa| vaha vaiSNavAstra viSNa se mAMga liyA thaa| usa tarapha mor3a diyA lekina saMzaptakoM ne yuddha ke lie AhvAna kiyA isaliye phira se inase yuddha kara ke arjuna ne dasa hajAra trigarta vIroM aura cAra hajAra nArAyaNa gaNoM ko naSTa kiyA aura bhagadatta se lar3ane pravRtta huaa| phira se suzarmA paryApta sainya ke sAtha yuddha karane pahuMca gyaa| taba suzarmA ke bhAI kA vadha kara ke aura khuda suzarmA ko behoza kara ke arjuna bhagadatta kI tarapha A phuNcaa| arjuna ne hAthI aura bhagadatta ko lakSya kara ke zaravarSA kii| pratyuttara meM bhagadatta ne arjuna para vaiSNavAstra kA prayoga kiyaa| usa astra ko zrIkRSNa ne apane hRdaya para jhela liyaa| vaha astra zrIkRSNa ke kaMTha meM vaijayantI nAmaka kamaloM kI mAlA bana gyaa| bahuta pahale dharatI ne apane putra narakAsura ke lie vaha astra viSNu se mAMga liyA thaa| narakAsura kA vadha zrIkRSNa ke hAthoM hote hI vaha astra bhagadatta ko prApta huA thaa| vaha vaiSNavAstra ajeya hone ke kAraNa usase arjuna ko bacAne ke lie zrIkRSNa ne use apanI chAtI para jhela liyaa| anantara zrIkRSNa ne arjuna se kahA, "bhagadatta bahuta hI bUr3hA ho gayA hai| mAthe para kI sikuDana AMkha para A laTakane se use kucha dikhAI nahIM detA, isaliye usane mAthe para paTTI bAMdha rakhI hai| sUcanA milate hI arjuna ne tIra calA kara usa paTTI ko toDa diyaa| pariNAma bhagadatta ko dikhAI dene meM vighna A pddaa| taba arjuna ne tIra calA kara hAthI aura sAtha sAtha bhagadatta kA saMhAra kiyaa| bhagadatta kA vadha karane para arjuna dakSiNa dizA kI ora yuddha karane calA gyaa| taba droNAcArya ne phira pANDava sainya kA saMhAra karanA prAraMbha kiyaa| vaha dekha kara nIla nAma kA rAjA kauravoM ke sAtha yuddha karane Age bddh'aa| usakA nAza azvatthAmA ne kiyA taba pANDava sainya phira se bhAgane lgaa| itane meM saMzaptakoM ko parAbhUta kara arjuna vahAM pahuMcA aura droNAcArya kI senA kA saMhAra karane lgaa| kauravoM kI senA ko bhAgatI dekha kara karNa Age bddhaa| arjuna ne usa para aneka tIra calA kara usake tIna bhAiyoM kA vadha kiyaa| bhIma ne bhI apanI gadA calA kara karNa kI senA kA bahuta saMhAra kiyaa| 13) terahave dina sabere duryodhana ne droNAcArya se kahA, "ApakA saMkalpa yaha dikhAI detA hai ki hamArA nAza ho| dharmarAja ko Apane kala nahIM pkddaa|" droNAcArya bole, "tere lie mai bharasaka prayAsa to kara rahA hU~, phira bhI tU isa taraha ulAhanA kyoM de rahA hai? khaira Aja pANDava pakSa ke kisI mahAna yoddhA ko mAra kara hI sAMsa lUMgA kintu arjuna ko kahIM dUra rukavA denaa| vaha suna kara saMzaptakoM ne arjuna ko dakSiNa kI ora yuddha meM llkaaraa| arjuna ke cale jAne para droNAcArya ne cakravyUha kI racanA kii| vaha racanA dekha kara dharmarAja kiMkartavya vimUDha ho gye| unhoMne abhimanyu se kahA, "cakravyUha kA bhedana karane kA rahasya tU, arjuna, zrIkRSNa aura pradyumna ina cAra vIroM ke atirikta aura koI nahIM jaantaa| taba tU cakravyUha kA bhedana karane prasthAna kr| hama tere pIche pIche usI mArga se Age bddh'eNge| cakravyUha kA bhedana kara ke abhimanyu ke bhItara praveza karane para bhIma Adi pAMDava abhimanyu ke pIche pIche jAne lage parantu jayadratha ne unakA mArga roka liyaa| pAMDavoM ko usane bhItara nahIM jAne diyaa| vanaparva ke varNanAnusAra bhagavAna zaMkara kA jayadratha ko vizeSa vara prApta thaa| vyUha ke bhItara ghusate hI abhimanyu samUce sainya kA vidhvaMsa karane lgaa| yaha dekha kara duHzAsana usase laDane AyA, lekina abhimanyu ke tIroM se vaha mUrcchita ho gyaa| anantara karNa prastuta huaa| abhimanyu ne usake dhanuSya ko toddaa| isa yuddha meM karNa kA bhAI zalyaputra rukmaratha, duryodhanaputra lakSmaNa Adi vIroM kA abhimanyu ne vadha kiyaa| taba kRpAcArya, droNAcArya, azvatthAmA, karNa, kRtavarmA aura bRhadbala ina chaha vIroM ne abhimanyu ko ghera liyaa| unameM se bRhadvala ko abhimanyu ne naSTa kiyaa| taba droNAcArya ke kahane se karNa ne usakA dhanuSya toddaa| kRtavarmA ne ghoDoM ke prANa hara lie| bAkI tInoM ne usa para bANoM kI bauchAra kii| abhimanyu ne hAtha meM DhAla talavAra utthaaii| droNAcArya ne DhAla-talavAra toDa diyaa| anantara usane cakra dhAraNa kiyaa| usako bhI sabane toDa diyaa| bAda meM abhimanyu ne gadA uThA kara bahutere vIroM kA nAza kiyaa| tadanantara duHzAsana kA putra aura abhimanyu donoM meM gadA yuddha jaba chiDA taba donoM eka dUsare ke gadAghAtoM se mUrcchita ho gire, paraMtu duHzAsana kA putra pahale hoza meM aayaa| abhimanyu khaDA ho hI rahA thA ki duHzAsana ke putra ne usake mastaka para gadA prahAra kiyaa| usI kSaNa abhimanyu mRtyu ke adhIna hokara nIce gira pddaa| abhimanyu kA vadha hone para dono senAeM apane apane zibira calI gyii| abhimanyu kI mRtyu ke kAraNa dharmarAja bahuta hI zoka karane lge| taba vyAsa maharSi vahAM phuNce| unhoMne dharmarAja kI sAMtvanA kii| anantara saMzaptakoM ko parAbhUta karake zrIkRSNa aura arjuna vApasa lautte| arjuna ne abhimanyu ke lie bahuta zoka kiyaa| jaba use patA calA ki jayadratha ke kAraNa pANDava abhimanyu kI sahAyatA meM nahIM bar3ha sake, aura isIse abhimanyu kA vadha huA, taba arjuna ne, "kala sUryAsta se pahale jayadratha kA vadha karUMgA; na kara sakU to khuda jala kara bhasmasAt ho jaauuNgaa|" isa prakAra bhISaNa pratijJA kii| yaha vArtA jayadratha ke kAnoM para paDate hI vaha apane ghara jAne kI taiyAriyAM karane lgaa| lekina droNAcArya ke AzvAsana dene para vaha ruka gyaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/107 For Private and Personal Use Only

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usa rAta meM zrIkRSNa ko nIMda nahIM aayii| unhoMne dAruka se kaha rakhA ki, "kala sabere mere ratha ko sabhI zastrAstroM sahita taiyAra rkh| mai apanA zaMkha vizeSa DhaMga se bjaauuNgaa| usa samaya ratha ko sajA le aanaa| arjuna aura mujhameM tanika bhI bheda na hone ke kAraNa usake hAthoM pratijJA pUrti na hone para mai usako nibhaauuNgaa| 14) caudahaveM dina sabere kaurava sainya ko vyUhabaddha karake droNacArya ne jayadratha se kahA ki tuma yahAM se chaha kosoM para vyUha ke bIca jAkara baittho| vahAM tumheM koI bhI nahIM mAra skegaa| jayadratha kI rakSA ke lie bhUrizravA, karNa, azvatthAmA, zalya, vRSasena aura kRpAcArya kI niyuktiyAM huiiN| unakI sahAyatA meM eka lAkha ghoDe, sATha hajAra ratha, caudaha hajAra hAthI aura ikkIsa hajAra zastrAstroM se yukta padAti sainya diyA huA thaa| jayadratha unake sAtha apane sthAna calA gyaa| zakaTavyUha caubIsa kosa lambA, pIche dasa kosa cauDA banA thaa| usake bhItara Age cakravyUha, ina saba vyUhoM ke madhyama bhAga meM suI se laMbe sUcIvyUha ke mukha para droNAcArya aura ekadama pIche kI tarapha jayadratha thaa| droNAcAryajI kI surakSA ke lie unake pIche kRtavarmA thaa| duHzAsana aura vikarNa sainya ke Age the| sArI siddhatA ho jAne para caudahaveM dina yuddha AraMbha huaa| arjuna ne tejI se Age bar3hakara agADI ke hAthiyoM ke sainya ko lie khaDe duHzAsana ko parAbhUta kiyaa| taba duHzAsana droNAcArya ke pAsa bhAga gyaa| anantara arjuna droNAcArya ke sAmane prastuta huaa| guru droNa se prArthanA karake vaha Age bar3hane lgaa| droNAcArya ne kahA, "mujhe jIte binA Age baDhanA saMbhava nhiiN|" usa para dhyAna na dekara arjuna Age cala pddaa| vaha dekhakara, "zatru ko jIte vagaire tU kabhI Age nahIM baDhatA hai? isa prakAra droNAcArya ke Tokane para Age baDhate ghusate arjuna ne javAba meM kahA, "Apa mere lie zatru nahIM hai, gurudeva haiN| mai tumhArA ziSya yAne putra hI huuN|" vaha kRtavarmA ke sammukha jA phuNcaa| arjuna ke ratha ke pahiyoM kI razrA karane ke lie yudhAmanyu aura uttamaujA do vIra the| unase yuddha karane me lageM kRtavarmA ko dekha kara arjuna akelA hI Age bar3hane lgaa| una donoM ko kRtavarmA ne vyUha ke bhItara nahIM ghusane diyaa| arjuna ko Age bar3hate dekha kAmboja deza kA rAjA zrutAyudha hAtha meM gadA lekara sAmane A gyaa| vaha gadA use ajeya banAne ke hetu varuNa deva ne dI thii| dete samaya varuNa deva ne batAyA thA ki yuddha na karane vAloM para isakA prayoga karoge to gadA tumhI ko naSTa kara degii| lekina bhUla vaza zrutAyugha ne gadA kA upayoga zrIkRSNa para kiyaa| zrIkRSNa yuddha na karane vAloM me hone ke kAraNa gadA ne lauTakara zrutAyudha kA vinAza kiyaa| usake anantara zrutAyudha kA putra sudakSiNa, zrutAyu va azrutAyu unake putra niyatAyu va dIrghAyu ambaSTha rAjA Adi aneka vIroM kA nAza karane para arjuna ke sAmane khar3e hone kI himmata kisI kI na huii| duryodhana ne jaba yaha dekhA kI arjuna avirodha jayadratha kI ora bar3ha rahA hai, taba usane droNAcArya se kahA, "Apako jItanA kisI ko saMbhava nahIM hai, taba arjuna Age kaise bar3hA? merA khAkara Apa pANDavoM kA hita socate rahate haiN|" vaha sunakara drocAcArya ko kheda huaa| ve bole, "arjuna taruNa hai, mai bUr3hA ho gayA huuN| usakA sArathya bhagavAn zrIkRSNa kara rahe haiN| usake ghoDe bahuta hI teja haiN| arjuna jina bANoM ko choDatA hai unase bhI Age eka kosa usakA ratha pahuMca jAtA hai| yahAM vyUha ke agrabhAga meM pANDavoM kA sainya hai, arjuna yahAM nahIM hai| dharmarAja ko jIvita pakaDane yaha acchA mauka dikhAI de rahA hai| mai yahIM yuddha karatA huuN| tU arjuna kI ora jaa| "duryodhana ne kahA, "tumhAre sAmane se jo nikala Age baDhA use mai kaise roka sakU~gA?" usapara droNAcArya ne maMtraprayoga karake duryodhana ko kavaca pahanA diyaa| kavaca dhAraNa kiye duryodhana arjuna kI ora paryApta sainya sAtha meM lekara cala pddaa| aura droNAcArya vahIM yuddha karate rhe| arjuna ko Age bar3hate dekhakara avanti deza ke rAjA viMda aura anuviMda yuddha ke liye sAmane ddtte| unakA nAza karane para arjuna ne tIroM ko eka ghara sA banA liyaa| dharatI kA bhedana kara vahAM eka sarovara nirmANa kiyaa| taba zrIkRSNa ne ratha ke ghoDoM ko kholaa| unake zarIra ke tIroM ko nikaalaa| unheM khUba loTane diyA, pAnI pilAyA, tairAyA, canA Adi khilAkara phira se unheM ratha meM jor3a diyaa| kauravoM kI senA acaraja se ekaTaka dekhatI hI rhii| unase pratikAra meM kucha bhI karate nahIM bnaa| anantara arjuna Age bar3hane prastuta huaa| duryodhana ne usakA pratikAra kiyaa| usake zarIra para kavaca thA, vaha dekhakara arjuna ne apane tIra usake nAkhUnoM aura mAMsa graMthiyoM ke joDo meM claaye| taba duryodhana ko mAntika vedanAeM hone lgiiN| duryodhana kI surakSA tathA sahAyatA meM jo sainya sAtha meM thA, usakA arjuna ne vinAza kara diyA / vaha dekhakara zrIkRSNa ne apanA zaMkha jora se bjaayaa| __ vahAM se jayadratha bahuta dUra nahIM thaa| duryodhana kI vaha hAlAta dekhakara bhUrizravA, azvatthAmA Adi vIra jo ki jayadratha ke rakSaNArtha the, aba arjuna se yuddha karane lge| udhara dharmarAja guru droNAcArya ke sAtha yuddha kara rahe the| yuddha meM unake ghor3e mAre jAne ke kAraNa ve sahadeva ke ratha para savAra hokara yuddhakSetra se haTa gaye the| anantara kekaya deza ke rAjA bRhatkSatra ne kauravoM kI tarapha ke kSetrapUrti rAjA kA vadha kiyaa| cedi deza ke rAjA dhRSTaketu ne kauravoM kI tarapha se ciradhanvA kA vadha kiyaa| magadha deza ke rAjaputra vyAghradatta aura 108 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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unakI senA kA nAza sAtyaki ne kiyaa| RSyazRMga ke putra alambuSa rAkSasa kA, (jisakA dUsarA nAma zAlakaTaMkaTa thA) vadha ghaTotkaca ne kiyaa| usake bAda sAtyaki droNAcArya se yuddha karane lgaa| itane meM pahalI sUcanA ke anusAra zrIkRSNane jo apanI sAMketika zaMkha dhvani kii| vaha dhvani dharmarAja ko sunane ko milii| vaha sunakara unheM aisA lagA ki arjuna para bar3A bhArI saMkaTa maMDarA rahA hai| dharmarAja ne sAtyaki ko AjJA dI ki ve arjuna kI sahAyatA meM zIghra cale jaaeN| sAtyaki droNAcArya ke Age se arjuna ke hI samAna Age bddh'aa| lekina droNAcArya ne usakA pIchA kiyaa| taba sAtyaki ne droNaguru ke sArathI ko maaraa| sAtyaki kA pratikAra jalasaMgha ne kiyaa| usakA nAza karane ke uparAnta sAtyaki ne sudarzana kA bhI nAza kiyaa| bAda duryodhana ke sArathI ko naSTa kara use bhI bhAga jAne para vivaza kiyA, usI taraha duHzAsana ko bhI jIta liyaa| vyUha ke bhItara praveza karane para sAtyaki se droNAcArya ne bAjI lagAkara yuddha kiyaa| unhoMne kekaya rAjA, bRhatkSatra, cedi rAjA, dhRSTaketu aura usakA putra, tathA jarAsaMdha kA putra inakA vadha karake sainya kA bhArI vidhvaMsa kiyaa| idhara arjuna kI ciMtA se dharmarAja ko bhArI duHkha huaa| aba unhoMne bhIma ko udhara yaha kaha kara bhejA ki jAte hI arjuna kA kSema kuzala prakaTa karane ke lie tU jora se garjanA kara jisase maiM nizcita ho jaauuNgaa| dharmarAjA ke Adeza para bhIma cala pddaa| droNAcArya ne use rokaa| guru droNa kA ratha hI bhIma ne uThAkara pheNkaa| isa prakAra ATha bAra ratha uThA pheMka dene para vaha Age nikala pdd'aa| usase yuddha karane duryodhana ke kucha putra prastuta hue, una sabakA usane nAza kiyaa| kRtavarmA ko jIta kara Age bar3hane para sAtyaki aura arjuna ko kaurava senA ke sAtha yuddha karate usane dekhaa| dekhate hI usane bhIma garjanA kii| vaha sunakara idhara dharmarAja ko bar3A hI AnaMda huaa| bhIma kI garjanA suna kara karNa Age bddh'aa| ghor3oM aura sArathI ke marane para vaha vRSasena ke ratha para savAra hokara raNa-kSetra se bhAga niklaa| anantara durmarSaNa Adi pAMca, dhRtarASTra putra raNakSetra para yuddha ke lie phuNce| inakA bhI vadha bhImasena ne kiyaa| phira eka bAra karNa ko bhagAne para duryodhana ke Adeza se usake caudaha bhAI yuddha ke lie A gye| una saba kA vadha bhImasena ne kiyaa| unameM vikarNa bhI thA; jisane dyUta meM hArane para bhI "draupadI dAsI nahIM hai" yaha apanA mata vyakta dhairya se kiyA thaa| vaha yAda karake vikarNa kI mRtyu se bhImasena ko bahuta hI duHkha huaa| vaha bolA, "sabhI kauravoM kA saMhAra karane kI merI pratijJA-pUrti meM hI maine terA vadha kiyaa| sacamuca kSAtra dharma bar3A hI niSThura hai|" isa prakAra apane ikattIsa bhAI bhIma ke hAthoM mAre gae dekhakara duryodhana ko vidura kA hitopadeza yAda aayaa| bhImasena aura karNa donoM meM phira se yuddha zuru huaa| bhIma ne karNa ke hAtha se dhanuSyoM ko bAra-bAra tor3a kara usake dala kA bahuta hI vinAza kiyaa| taba karNa ko bar3A krodha A gyaa| usane astra se bhIma ke ratha aura ghoDoMkA nAza kiyA aura sArathI para tIra claayaa| bhIma ke sArathI ne yudhAmanyu ke ratha kA sahArA liyA aura svayaM bhIma eka mRta hAthI kI Ar3a meM jA chipaa| eka hAthI ko uThAkara jaba vaha khar3A ho gayA, taba karNa ne tIra calAkara hAthI ke aMga-aMga ko tor3a ddaalaa| pazcAt hAthI, ratha, ghoDe Adi bhIma ne jo bhI phekA vaha saba karNa ne toDa ddaalaa| taba bhIma ne apanI muThThI uThAyI, para karNa ke vadha kI pratijJA arjuna kI hone ke kAraNa, bhIma ne karNa ko nahIM maaraa| sAtha hI karNa ne bhI kuMtI ko diye vacana ko yAda kara bhIma ko nahIM maaraa| phira bhI dhanuSya ke sira se use cubhAyA aura "peTU" Adi zabdoM ke usakI khUba niMdA kii| bhIma ne pratyuttara dete hue kahA, "yuddha meM devendra kI bhI kabhI parAjaya hotI hai| tU to mere sAmane se kaI bAra bhAga gayA hai| aba kyoM vyartha bar3hakara bAteM karatA hai?" "ye sArA dRzya arjuna ne dekhA aura usa ne karNa para tIkhe tIra claaye| taba karNa bhIma ko choDa dUra calA gayA aura bhIma bhI sAtyaki ke ratha para savAra hokara arjuna kI aura cala pddaa| sAtyaki se laDane alambuza nAmaka rAjA A dhmkaa| usakA nAza karake duHzAsana Adi jo pratikAra karane vahAM pahuMce unako parAbhUta kara sAtyaki arjuna ke pAsa jA phuNcaa| itane meM bhUrizravA yuddha ke lie A phuNcaa| sAtyaki aura bhUrizravA donoM ne eka dUsare ke ghor3e mAre aura dhanuSyoM ko toddaa| bAda meM DhAla-talavAra lekara unhoMne yuddha kiyaa| DhAla-talavAra ke TUTane para ve donoM bAhu-yuddha karane lge| bhUrizravA ne sAtyaki ko uThAkara bhUmi para paTakA aura eka hAtha meM talavAra lekara aura dUsare hAtha se usake keza pakaDa usakI chAtI para lAta jamAI aura usakA zIza kATane prastuta huaa| itane meM zrIkRSNa kI sUcanA se arjuna ne tIra calAkara usakA khaDgayukta dAhinA hAtha toDa ddaalaa| taba bhUrizravA arjuna se bolA, "mai dUsare se yuddha kara rahA thaa| merA hAtha toDane kA ati nIca karma tUne kyoM kiyA? kRSNa kI saMgati kA hI yaha pariNAma dikhAI detA hai|" usapara arjuna ne kahA, "kSatriya vIra apane dala-bala ko sAtha meM lekara laDate rahate haiM, unako eka dUsare kI rakSA karanI par3atI hai, isI lie usameM merA koI aparAdha nahIM hai| lekina tU svayaM apanI bhI rakSA nahIM kara sakatA, taba apanI senA kI rakSA tU kyA kara skegaa|" yaha sunane para bhUmi para darbha bichAkara bhUrizravA prAyopavezana ke lie saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/109 For Private and Personal Use Only

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baiTha gyaa| taba sAtyaki ne hAtha meM talavAra uThAkara saba logoM ke rokane para bhI bhUrizravA kA sira dhar3a se alaga kara diyaa| sAtyaki kI niMdA karane vAle logoM ko sAtyaki ne uttara diyA kI, "zatru ko jo bhI dukhadAyI, vaha saba kucha avazya kara lenA cAhie, isa prakAra vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM likhA hone ke kAraNa, isameM merA koI bhI doSa nahIM hai| sAtyaki-jaise parAkramI vIra ko bhUrizravA jamIna para kaise paTaka sakA? dhRtarASTra ke isa prazna kA uttara saMjaya ne isa prakAra diyaa| yadu ke vaMza meM vasudeva aura zini do mahAvIra the| devakI kI kanyA kA svayaMvara thaa| zini ne vasudeva ke lie kanyA ko apane ratha para biThA liyaa| usa samaya upasthita rAjAoM se yuddha huaa| anyoM ko to zini ne parAbhUta kiyA, para somadatta ne AdhA dina ghasamAna yuddha kiyA, aura Akhira meM bAhu-yuddha meM zini ne somadatta ko sabake sAmane jamIna para paTaka diyaa| eka hAtha meM talavAra lekara, dUsare hAtha se usake keza pakaDa lie, para use na mArate hue choDa diyaa| somadatta usa apamAna ko sahana nahIM kara skaa| usane zaMkara ko prasanna karake vara mAMga liyA ki mujhe aisA putra do ki jo zini ne jisa prakAra merA apamAna kiyA, usI prakAra saba ke samakSa vaha zini ke putra kA apamAna kara paae| zaMkara ne varapradAna kiyA, aura isIlie bhUrizravA usa durghaTa karma ko kara skaa| - bhUrizravA ke vadha ke pazcAt arjuna ne kaurava-senA kA bahuta saMhAra kiyaa| itane meM sUryAsta kI belA A gyii| jayadratha kI rakSA meM jo pradhAna vIra aura senA thI unako sUryAsta se pahale jItanA asaMbhava dekhakara zrIkRSNa ne yukti claaii| unhoMne sUrya ko AcchAdita kara aMdherA nirmANa kiyaa| usa samaya sUryAsta kA AbhAsa hokara kaurava-senA harSotphulla hokara ucaka-ucaka kara AkAza kI ora tAkane lgii| una saba meM jayadratha bhI eka thaa| zrIkRSNa ne arjuna se kahA, "vaha dekha jayadratha / tIra calA kara usakA sira isa kadara uDA de ki vaha usake pitA vRddhakSatra, jo kurukSetra meM tapazcaryA kara rahe haiM unakI goda meM jA gire; kAraNa jayadratha kA sira jo bhUmi para girAegA usI ke sira ke TukaDe-TukaDe ho jAeMge isa prakAra unhoMne batAyA thaa| isase eka hI tIra se donoM kA nAza hogaa|" usa para arjuna ne tIra calAyA usa tIra se jayadrathakA sira saMdhyA-vaMdana meM saMlagna vRddhakSatra kI goda meM jA pddaa| vRddhakSatra kI usI kSaNa mRtyu ho gyii| jayadratha ke vadha ke uparAnta zrIkRSNa ne sUrya kA kRtrima AvaraNa dUra kiyaa| uparAnta, zrIkRSNa, arjuna, bhIma, sAtyaki, yudhAmanyu aura uttamaujA sabane apane apane zaMkha ucca svara se bjaae| usa svara ko suna kara dharmarAja samajha gaye ki jayadratha kA vadha huA aura unhoMne bhI bAje bajA kara samUcI pAMDava senA ko pramudita kiyaa| jayadratha kA vadha hone ke bAda kRpAcArya aura azvatthAmA ne arjuna para caDhAI kii| unakA parAbhava arjuna dvArA hone para vahAM karNa A phuNcaa| sAtyaki ke liye svataMtra ratha na hone ke kAraNa zrIkRSNa ne apanI zaMkhadhvani se vizeSa saMketa kiyaa| usI kSaNa dAruka ratha lekara phuNcaa| usa para savAra hokara sAtyaki ne karNa ko parAbhUta kiyaa| taba karNa ne duryodhana ke ratha kA sahArA liyaa| itane meM sUryAsta huA, taba zrIkRSNa, arjuna, bhIma, sAtyaki Adi sabhI dharmarAja se milane gye| dharmarAja sabhI se bar3e premase mile|| usa rAta yuddha phira se zuru huaa| pAMDavoM ke bar3hate prabhAva ko dekha kara duryodhana ko bahuta hI duHkha huaa| taba karNa ne kahA, "maiM jAkara sabhI pAMDavoM kA nAza kara detA huuN|" usake isa baDhAI mArane para kRpAcArya aura azvasthAmA ne usakI nindA kii| taba karNa aura azvatthAmA ke bIca kalaha prAraMbha huaa| lekina duryodhana ne donoM ko samajhA diyaa| anantara karNa yuddha karane lgaa| usane pAMDava sainya kA bahuta hI vidhvaMsa kiyaa| bhIma, arjuna, sAtyaki aura dhRSTadyumna inhoMne bhI kaurava-senA kA vaisA hI vinAza kiyaa| usa yuddha meM sAtyaki ne somadatta kA vadha kiyaa| bAda meM aMdherA chA gayA aura hAtha ko hAtha na sUjhatA thaa| taba donoM senAoM me Aga jalAkara yaddha hone lgaa| sAtyaki ne bhUrizravA kA nAza kiyaa| bhImasena ne duryodhana ko aura karNa ne sahadeva ko raNa-kSetra se httaayaa| usa yuddha meM karNa kA pratApa sabako asahya ho gyaa| karNa ke pAsa arjuna ke lie hI surakSita eka zakti saMgRhIta thii| isalie zrIkRSNa arjuna ko usake sAmane nahIM jAne dete the| taba arjuna ne ghaTotkaca ko karNa se laDane bhijavA diyaa| jaTAsura kA putra alambuSa rAkSasa usakA pratikAra karane A pahucAM / usakA vadha ghaTotkaca ke hAthoM hone para alAyudha nAmaka rAkSasa yuddha ke hetu A gyaa| usakA bhI nAza usane kiyaa| uparAnta ghaTotkaca aura karNa donoM meM yuddha prAraMbha huaa| ghaTotkaca kA asahya parAkrama dekha kara karNa ne astra calAyA aura use ratha, sArathI aura ghoDoM kA nAza kiyaa| taba ghaTotkaca AMkha se ojhala ho gayA aura luka-chipakara yuddha karane lgaa| usane apanI rAkSasI mAyA phailA dii| usase kaurava-senA para sabhI dizAoMse taraha-taraha ke zastra Akara AghAta karane lage aura saba kA bahuta hI nAza hone lgaa| taba sabhI ne karNa se kahA ki, "arjuna ke lie jo zakti tU ne khAsa rakhI hai usakA prayoga aba tU ghaTotkaca para kara de| Aja ke isa bhayAnaka saMhAra meM se hama baca gaye to saba milakara arjuna ke vinAza kI yojanA kara leNge| "unaka 110/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Agraha se karNa ne khAsa arjuna ke vadhArtha surakSita indra kI dI huI vAsavI zakti kA ghaTotkaca para prayoga kiyaa| usI kSaNa rAkSasI mAyA kA saMvaraNa hokara ghaTotkaca kA bhI nAza ho gyaa| ghaTotkaca ne marate-marate apanA zarIra itanA phulAyA ki usake mRta zarIra ke nIce Akara kauravoM kI eka akSauhiNI senA naSTa huii| ghaTotkaca kA vadha hote hI udhara yuddha lagAtAra calatA rahane se sabhI ko thakAna ke mAre bhArI nIMda Ane lagI, taba arjuna kI sUcanA ke anusAra sabhI ArAma karane cale gye| kucha samaya bAda caMdrodaya huaa| taba dasa ghaTikA rAtri zeSa bacI thii| anantara donoM senAeM jaga paDI aura unameM phira se yuddha prAraMbha huaa| usa samaya droNAcArya ne drupada rAjA, virATa rAjA aura drupada rAjA ke tIna pautra inakA vadha kiyaa| itane meM sUryodaya huaa| sabhI vIra apane-apane vAhanoM para se utara pdd'e| unhoMne sUryAbhimukha hokara hAtha joDa kara saMdhyAsamaya kA japa-jApa kiyaa| 15) paMdrahaveM dina yuddha kA AraMbha huaa| isa samaya droNAcArya ne astroM kA prayoga karake astra na jAnane vAlI senA kA bahuta hI nAza kiyaa| taba zrIkRSNa ne batAyA "yuddha meM droNAcArya ko jItanA saMbhava nahIM hai| agara una para jhUThamUTha koI yaha prakaTa kare ki azvatthAmA cala basA, to ve zastra ko tyAga deNge| usI samaya unakA vadha ho skegaa|" itane meM mAlavadeza ke rAjA iMdravarmA kA azvatthAmA nAmaka hAthI bhIma ke hAthoM Dhera ho gyaa| bhIma ne zrIkRSNa kI sUcanA ke anusAra droNAcArya para jora se cillAkara kahA ki "azvatthAmA mara gayA" isako asaMbhava mAna kara droNAcArya ne bhIma kI bAta para dhyAna hI nahIM diyA ora ve apanA yuddha calAte rh| unhoMne brahmAstra kA prayoga kiyA aura lAkhoM sainikoM kA saMhAra kiyaa| vaha dekhakara bahuta se RSi-muni gurudroNa ke pAsa pahuMce aura batAne lageM, "Apa adharma se yuddha kara rahe haiN| ApakI mRtyu kI velA samIpa A pahuMcI hai| aba zastroM ko tyAgane kA samaya A gayA hai| phira aisA nIca karma karane kA kabhI na soceN| RSiyoM kA vaha kathana, bhIma kA vaha prakaTana, aura apane mRtyu ke lie hI janma pAe dhRSTadyumna ko sammukha upasthita dekha kara droNAcArya ko bahuta hI duHkha huaa| ina bAtoM meM se bhIma kI ghoSaNA kA tathyAMza jAnane ke lie unhoMne usa saMbaMdha meM dharmarAja se puuchaa| dharmarAja ne zrIkRSNa ke Agraha ke kAraNa aura, "jhUTa bolA jAe to pApa lagatA hai, na bolA jAe to jaya-lAbha nahIM," yaha dharmasaMkaTa jAna kara droNAcArya ke pUchane para jora se kahA "azvatthAmA cala basA" aura "hAthI" ekadama dhImI AvAja meM khaa| utanA jhUTha batAne ke kAraNa dharmarAja kA ratha jo pahale cAra aMgula dharatI se adhara-adhara ghUmatA thA, vaha jamIna para A gyaa| dharmarAjA ke kahane para ki "azvatthAmA cala basA" droNAcArya ko tanika bhI zaMkA nahIM rhii| unhoMne duHkha vaza apane zastra ko tyAga diyaa| prANAyAma karake samAdhi lagAI aura paramAtmA kA dhyAna karate rhe| itane meM dhRSTadyumna ne jhaTa Akara unakA sira talavAra se alaga kara diyaa| droNAcArya ke vadha kI vArtA sunakara azvatthAmA ne pAMDavoM kI senA para "nArAyaNAstra" kA prayoga kiyaa| taba zrIkRSNa ne batAyA "apane-apane vAhanoM para se nIce utara jAo, hAtha ke zastroM ko tyAga do, tabhI yaha astra zAMta ho jaayegaa| isakA aura koI upAya nahIM hai|" "AdezAnusAra sabhI ne zastra tyAga kiyaa| lekina bhIma DaTA rhaa| vaha astra taba bhIma para jA giraa| taba zrIkRSNa ne use ratha ke nIce Dhakela diyaa| taba vaha astra apane Apa zAMta huaa| usake bAda kaurava-pAMDavoM kI senAeM apane-apane zibira calI gyiiN| isa taraha bhAratIya yuddha ke paMdraha dina pUre hue| 8 karNa parva droNAcArya kI mRtyu para sabhI kaurava zoka karate hai| bAda meM saba kI sammati se duryodhana ne senApati ke pada para karNa kI niyukti kii| prAtaHkAla kaurava-senA kI, makara-vyUha meM racanA karake karNa yuddha ke lie prastuta huaa| idhara pAMDavoM ne apanI senA kA ardhacaMdrakAra vyUha banA liyaa| 16) solahave dina bhImasena hAthI para savAra hokara jaba yuddha meM ghusa paDA taba kulUta deza kA rAjA kSemadhUrti yuddha ke lie sammukha khaDA rhaa| vaha bhI hAthI para hI savAra thaa| una donoM kA yuddha hote-hote Akhira bhIma ne apanI gadA se kSemadhUrti aura usake hAthI kA nAza kiyaa| arjuna ke putra zrutakani abhisAra deza ke rAjA citrasena kA aura dharmarAja ke putra prativiMdhya ne citrarAjA kA vadha kiyaa| taba azvatthAmA bhIma para dauddaa| bhIma kA aura usakA bahuta samaya taka yuddha hone ke bAda ve dono eka dusare ke ratho me mUrcchita ho gire| taba unake sArathiyoM ne unake rathoM ko yuddhakSetra se bAhara kara diyaa| kucha dera bAda hoza meM Akara azvatthAmA dakSiNa dizA kI ora jahAM arjuna saMzaptakoM kA nAza kara rahA thA, use yuddha ke lie lalakArane lgaa| taba zrIkRSNa ne ratha ko udhara moDa diyaa| arjuna aura azvatthAmA eka dUsare para tIroM kI vRSTi kara rahe the| taba arjuna ne nizAnA lagA kara usake ghoDoM ke lagAma toDa ddaale| usase ghoDe cauMka kara usake ratha ko karNa kI senA kI tarapha le gye| idhara arjuna phira se saMzaptakoM ke saMhAra meM laga gyaa| itane meM uttara dizA kI ora se pAMDavoM kI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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senA meM halle-gulle kI AvAja zrIkRSNa ko sunAI dii| vahAM mAdha deza kA daMDadhAra, hAthI ra savAra hokara senA kA vidhvaMsa kara rahA thaa| zrIkRSNa ne tatkAla arjuna ke ratha ko usa tarapha moDa diyaa| taba daMDadhAra ne zrIkRSNa aura arjuna donoM para tIra calAkara bar3e jora se garjanA kii| itane meM arjuna ne apane tIroM se usakA dhanuSya, usake donoM hAtha aura mastaka toDa kara usakA nAza kiyA aura hAthI ko bhI mAra ddaalaa| vaha dekha kara usakA bhAI daMDa arjuna para car3ha aayaa| usakA bhI sira arjuna ne kATA, aura dakSiNa dizA meM jAkara saMzaptakoM kA nAza karane kA apanA kAma zuru kiyaa| idhara pAMDya rAjA dvArA karNa kI senA kA nAza dekha kara, azvatthAmA usakA pratikAra karane lgaa| usa samaya azvatthAmA ne bANoM kI ghora vRSTi kii| una sabhI bANoM ko pAMDya rAjA ne vAyavyAstra calA kara uDA diyaa| azvatthAmA ne usake ratha ke ghoDe maare| taba vaha eka hAthI para savAra hokara yuddha karane lgaa| taba azvatthAmA ne apane bANoM se usa hAthI ko tathA pAMDya rAjA ko bhI yama-sadana pahuMcA diyaa| idhara nakula aura karNa meM yuddha chiddaa| usa yuddha meM karNa ne nakula ke ghoDe aura sArathI kA nAza kiyaa| taba nakula bhAgane lgaa| karNa ne usake gale meM dhanuSya DAla kara use pakaDa liyA, aura usase kahA, "tU hama logoM se yuddha karanA choDa de| tere lie hama loga bhArI hai|'' itanA kaha kara kuntI ko die vacana ke anusAra karNa ne use chor3a diyA aura vaha phira se pAMDava-senA kA nAza karane lgaa| yaha yuddha dopahara meM huaa| dUsarI tarapha dharmarAja aura duryodhana ke bIca yuddha hotA rahA, jisameM dharmarAja ke bANoM se duryodhana mUrcchita pddaa| taba bhIma kahane lagA, "ise mArane kI merI pratijJA hai, Apa ise na maareN|" itane meM kRpAcArya ko duryodhana kI sahAyatA meM Ate dekha bhIma gadA lekara unakI senA para TUTa pdd'aa| vaha yuddha tIsare prahara huaa| zAma ko karNa ko Age karake kauravoM kA sainya yuddha meM jaba pahuMca gayA taba arjuna ne bANoM kI vRSTi se AsamAna ko AcchAdita kiyaa| taba karNa ne astra ke prayoga se arjuna ke bANoM ko toDa kara usI astra se pAMDava-senA kA vidhvaMsa zurU kiyaa| yaha dekhakara arjuna ne apane astra se usa astra kA nAza karake kaurava senA kA vinAza kiyaa| 17) satrahave dina sabere karNa ne duryodhana se kahA, "Aja arjuna kA vadha kiye binA maiM vApasa nahIM lauttuuNgaa| yadyapi arjuna ke dhanuSya se bhI prabhAvI merA dhanuSya hai taba bhI usakA sArathya zrIkRSNa kara rahe haiM aura agara zalya merA sArathya kara sake to arjuna kA nAza karane meM maiM avazya saphala hNgaa"| yaha sunakara duryodhana zalya se karNa kA sArathya karane kI prArthanA karane lgaa| usapara zalya bahuta hI kruddha huA aura duryodhana se bolA, "maiM eka kSatriya kulotpanna rAjA hU~ aura tU mujhe sUta kA sArathya karane kA Agraha kara rahA hai| yaha apamAna maiM kadApi sahana karane vAlA nahIM huuN| aisA hI agara calane vAlA hai to maiM apane ghara lauTa calA jAtA huuN|" taba duryodhana ne usakI baDI prazaMsA kI aura kahA, " yaha prathA hai ki zreSTha kaniSTha kA sArathya kre| zaMkara ne tripurAsura kA vadha kiyA usa samaya unakA sArathya pratyakSa brahmadeva ne kiyA thaa| tuma kRSNa se bhI bar3ha kara kuzala sArathI ho, tuma agara karNa kA sArathya karo to karNa nizcaya hI vijaya prApta kreNgaa|" zalya ne kahA, "sabake sAmane tR mujhe kRSNa se bhI bar3ha kara mAna rahA hai, isase meM bahuta hI saMtuSTa ho gayA hai| mai karNa kA sArathya avazya kruuNgaa| lekina kucha bhI sunA kara use apamAnita karatA jaauuNgaa| use vaha saba sahanA pddegaa| "vaha zarta dayodhana aura karNa donoM ko maMjUra hote hI zalya sArathya karane ratha para savAra huA aura karNa bhI yuddha ke lie prastuta huaa| jaba karNa arjuna kA nAza karane kI DIMge mArane lagA, taba usakA yuddhotsAha kama karane ke lie, zalya ne karNa kI manamAnI niMdA karanA zurU kiyaa| isa lie ki (udyoga parva meM) zalya ne dharmarAja ko AzvAsana diyA thA ki maiM karNa kA tejobhaMga karatA rahaMgA, tadanusAra usane kiyaa| zalya kI bAteM suna kara karNa tamatamA utthaa| vaha dekha kara use aura cir3hAne ke lie zalya ne use eka kahAnI sunaaii| eka dhanI vaizya samudra ke taTa para rahatA thaa| usake aneka putra the| ve pratidina taraha-taraha ke pakvAna khAkara bacI khucI jUThana eka kaue ko dete rahate the| unakI jUThana khA-khAkara vaha kauA unmatta ho gyaa| vaha samajhane lagA ki "koI bhI pakSI merI barAbarI nahIM kara skegaa| "eka dina samudra ke taTa para aneka haMsa pahuMca ge| vaizya ke putroM ne kaue se kahA, "tU to sabhI paMchiyoM meM zreSTha hai| kaue ko vaha bAta sahI lagane lagI aura vaha haMsoM ke sAtha uDane kI bAte karane lgaa| haMsa bole, "tU hamAre sAtha kaise ur3a sakegA?" kauA bolA, "uDane ke eka sau eka prakAroM kI jAnakArI maiM rakhatA hUM aura hara eka prakAra se maiM sau yojana dUra uDa jA sakatA hai|" eka haMsa bolA, "sarva sAdhAraNa paMchiyoM ke samAna mai bhI uDanA jAnatA huuN|" anantara donoM uDane lge| samudra para dUra taka uDane para kauA thaka gyaa| jahAM-tahAM pAnI kA phailAva aura utarane kahIM koI peDapaudhA na dekhakara vaha bahuta hI ghabarA gyaa| Age usase nahIM uDA gyaa| vaha samudra kI laharoM meM DUbane lgaa| taba haMsa ne usa para dayA kI aura yaha ur3ane kA kaunasA prakAra hai? isa prakAra kA nAma kyA hai? Adi bAteM kaha kara haMsa ne use apanI pITha para uThA liyA aura samudra ke taTa para lA chor3a diyaa| prastuta kathA sunAkara zalya karNa se bolA, "usa kaue ke samAna tU kauravoM kI jUThana para puSTa huA hai aura garva se phUlakara arjuna ko jIta lene kI icchA vyakta kara rahA hai| are, uttara go-grahaNa ke samaya jaba akelA arjuna hAtha A gayA thA taba 112 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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smaan| siyAra aura hara vaSa aura amRta meM anaa kara sakatA vahA~ tU ne use kyoM nahIM mArA? saca pUchA jAe to arjuna sUrya ke samAna hai aura tU juganU ke smaan| siyAra aura zera, kharagoza aura hAthI, cUhA aura billI, kuttA aura bAgha, jhUTha aura satya, viSa aura amRta meM jitanA aMtara hai utanA tujhameM aura arjuna meM hai| tU jahA~ usakI barAbarI taka nahIM kara sakatA vahA~ use jItane kI bAta to dUra kI hai|" zalya kA bhASaNa sunakara karNa bahuta kruddha huaa| usane zalya kI, usake deza kI, usake AcAroM kI bhArI nindA kI aura batAyA ki, tujhe maiM abhI naSTa hI kara detA, lekina vacanabaddha huuN| phira kabhI isa prakAra kI bAteM karegA to maiM kSamA nahIM kruuNgaa| una donoM meM isa prakAra kA bakheDa hote dekha duryodhana ne donoM ko khUba smjhaa-bujhaayaa| kucha dera bAda karNa phira se yuddha meM pravRtta huaa| satrahaveM dina jaba ki yuddha prAraMbha huA saMzaptakoM kA nAza karane arjuna dakSiNa dizA kI ora calA gayA aura idhara karNa pAMDava-senA kA niHpAta karane lgaa| dharmarAja ne kucha samaya taka karNa se yuddha kiyA, parantu Akhira hAra kara bhAga jAne lgaa| karNa ne usakA pIchA kiyA lekina kuntI ko diye vacana kI yAda kara usane dharmarAja se kahA, "jA tujhe mai jIvita choDa detA huuN| phira kabhI mere sAtha yuddha karane kA sAhasa mata kr| usake bAda bhIma ke parAkrama se kaurava-senA bhAga jAne lgii| taba karNa bhIma se yuddha karane bddhaa| parantu bhImasena ke bANoM se vaha mUrcchita gira pdd'aa| taba usakA ratha zalya ne raNakSetra se httaayaa| anantara duryodhana ke bhAI bhIma para car3ha aaye| lekina ve bhIma ke parAkrama se naSTa ho gye| phira se karNa pAMDava-senA kA nAza karane lgaa| itane meM saMzaptakoM ko mAra bhagAkara arjuna uttara dizA kI ora jA phuNcaa| taba azvatthAmA se usakA bhISaNa yuddha huaa| usa yuddha meM arjuna ke bANoM se azvatthAmA ke mUrcchita hote hI usakA ratha sArathI ne samarAMgaNa se haTA diyaa| duryodhana dharmarAja ke sAtha yuddha kara rahA thA, karNa vahAM para pahaMca kara dharmarAja para tIroM kI varSA karane lgaa| nakula aura sahadeva dharma-rAja kI sahAyatA kara hI rahe the| karNa ne jaba dharmarAja aura nakula ke rathoM ke ghoDe mAre, taba ve donoM sahadeva ke ratha para savAra hue| usa samaya zalya ne karNa se kahA, "karNa, inhe mAra kara tujhe kyA lAbha hone vAlA hai| arjuna ke vadha ke lie duryodhana ne tujhe senApati pada de diyA hai, isa liye usIse jo kucha yuddha karanA ho kara aura apanA kauzalya dikhaa| dUsarI bAta, duryodhana bhImasena se lar3a rahA hai, use bacAne kI apekSA yahAM kyoM apanI zakti yoM hI barabAda kara rahA hai?" usa para karNa duryodhana kI sahAyatA meM dauddaa| idhara dharmarAja karNa ke mantika bANoM se viddha hokara apane zibira meM leTe rahe the| jaba dharmarAja yuddha-kSetra para kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM diye taba unakI khoja meM zrIkRSNa aura arjuna zibira ko phuNce| unhe dekhakara dharmarAja ko aisA lagA ki ve donoM karNa ko naSTa karake zibira lauTe haiM aura unhoMne una donoM kI baDI prazaMsA kii| lekina arjuna ne jaba satya vRttAMta batAyA taba dharmarAja bahuta hI krodhita hue aura arjuna kI nindA karake bole, tU apanA gANDIva dhanuSya dUsare kisI ko degA to vahI karNa kA nAza kregaa|" itanA sunate hI arjuna talavAra uThAkara dharmarAja ko mArane prastuta huaa| arjuna ne apanI pratijJA kara rakhI thI ki jo "gANDIva dhanuSya dUsare ko de de" isa prakAra kahegA usakA ziraccheda mai kruuNgaa| vaha bAta samajhane para zrIkRSNane arjuna ko khUba smjhaayaa| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA viveka samAja dhAraNA kI dRSTi se kaise kare, arjuna ko samajhA diyaa| eka vyAdha pUre samAja ko saMtrasta karane vAle pazu kI hiMsA karane para bhI svargaloka pahuMcA kintu eka tapasvI brAhmaNa, DAkuoM ko saccA mArga dikhAne para usa mArga se baDhe logoM kI hiMsA una DAkuoM se hone para, narka loka ko kaise pahu~cA, Adi tAttvika vicAra batAne para zrIkRSNa ne kahA, "zreSThoM ko "tU" saMbodhita karane para unakA apamAna ho jAtA hai jo unake vadha ke samAnahI samajhA jAtA hai| tU dharmarAja kI nindA kr| usase terI pratijJA kI pUrti ho jaaegii| zrIkRSNa ke kahane para arjuna ne dharmarAja kI nindA kI, aura bolA, "aba mai baDe bandhu ko apamAnita karane ke pAtaka se mukta hone ke lie AtmahatyA kara letA huuN|" taba zrIkRSNa haMsa kara bole, "usake lie zastra kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| tU apane muMha se apanI stuti kara le| basa hai|" tadnusAra arjuna ne Atmastuti kii| vaha sunane ke uparAnta arjuna ke dvArA kI gaI nindA ke kAraNa kupita dharmarAja vana ko jAna ke liye prastuta hue| taba zrIkRSNa ne unake paira par3a kara unheM prazAMta kiyaa| arjuna ne bhI dharmarAja ko praNAma kiyA, aura karNavadha kI pratijJA karake vaha yuddha ke liye cala pdd'aa| samarAMgaNa para Akara arjuna ne yuddha karane bhIma para dharmarAja kA kSema kuzala prakaTa kara diyA aura ve dAnoM kauravasenA kA nAza karane lge| usa para duHzAsana bhIma para dauddaa| una donoM meM kucha kAla taka tuddha claa| anta meM bhImasena ne apanI gadA duHzAsana para itanI tejI se calAI ki vaha ratha se uDakara cAlIsa hAtha dUra jA giraa| hAtha meM khaGag lekara bhIma dauDatA calA gyaa| jisa hAtha meM bhAratavarSa kI samrAjJI draupadI ke keza khIMce the, jisa hAtha ne pANDavoM kI sarvopari pratiSThA kA vastra utArane kA nirlajja prayatna kiyA, usa duHzAsana ke hAtha ko kATa kara bhIma usake gale para pAMva dekara khaDA rahA aura jisameM himmata ho vaha isa narapazu ko aba bacAe, mai isakA rakta prAzana kruuNgaa| "isa prakAra kaurava pakSIya vIroM ke nAma lekara garajakara lalakArane para duHzAsana kI chAtI phoDa kara usakA garama rakta aMjali se pIne lgaa| vaha dRzya dekhakara use pratyakSa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 113 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAkSasa, samajhakara kauravoM kI senA bhAga gii| lekina duryodhana ke dasa bhAI bhIma para aura karNa kA putra vRSasena arjuna para car3ha aaye| bhIma ne una dasoM kA aura arjuna ne vRSasena kA karNa aura duryodhana ke samakSa vadha kiyA / vRSasena kA vadha dekha kara karNa bahuta hI kruddha hokara arjuna ke sAtha yuddha karane lgaa| una donoM kA yuddha dekhane nimita Aye hue devoM tathA dAnavoM meM bhI do dala ho ge| arjuna ke prati sahAnubhUti rakhane vAle iMdra deva the aura kArga kA pakSa sUrya aura daityoM ne liyA thaa| yuddha meM donoM ne bhinna bhinna astroM ke prayoga claae| arjuna pIche nahIM haTa rahA hai, karNa ne khAsa arjuna ke lie aba taka surakSita sarpamukha bANa usa para claayaa| usI bANa para khAMDavavana se bhAgA huA "azvasena" nAmaka nAga Akara arjuna kA badalA lene ke liye baiThA thaa| bANa ko chUTate dekha, zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ke ratha ko nIce dbaayaa| usase vaha bANa arjuna ke mukuTa ko hI chinna karake viphala huaa| usapara arjuna ne mAthe meM zubhra vastra lgaayaa| jo nAga bANa para baiThA thA vahI nAga karNa ke pAsa Akara kahane lagA, "phira se mujhe choDa do| mai arjuna ko naSTa kara detA hUM, "para dUsare ke bala para yuddha karanA maiM nahIM cAhatA " aisA karNa ne kahane para nAga svayaM hI arjuna kI ora tIra ke samAna daur3a pdd'aa| arjuna ne tIra calAkara usake TukaDe TukaDe kara diye / Age kucha samaya taka karNa aura arjuna meM yuddha calatA rhaa| isI bIca karNa zApa ke kAraNa astroM ke maMtra smRti meM lAne meM apane ko asamartha pAtA gayA, aura usake rathakA bAyAM pahiyA (zApa hI ke kAraNa) pRthvI ne nigala liyaa| taba karNa ratha se nIce utarA, aura arjuna se kahane lagA, "mai ratha kA pahiyA khIMca nikAla le rahA huuN| isa samaya mujhapara tIra calAoge to vaha bAta dharma ke viruddha ho jaaegii|" usakA vaha bhASaNa sunakara zrIkRSNa karNa se bole, "aba tujhe dharma kI bAteM yAda A rahI haiM, lekina jisa samaya bharI sabhA meM mahAsatI draupadI kI, jo ki ekavastrA, rajasvalA thI, viDambanA kI, pAMDavoM ko jalAne ke prayatna kiye, bhIma ko viSAnna khilAyA, akele abhimanyu ko anekoM ne milakara mArA, usa samaya terA dharma kahAM calA gayA thA? aba dharma terI rakSA karaneM me asamartha hai| arjuna, kyA dekha rahA hai| tIra calA aura toDa de karNa kA kaMThanAla" / zrIkRSNa kA bhASaNa suna kara karNa ne lajjA vaza sira jhukAyA / pahiyA dharatI se nahIM nikaalaa| karNa usI asahAya avasthA meM yuddha karane lgaa| paraMtu aba usameM utanA sAmarthya nahIM thaa| arjuna ne eka hI tIra meM usakA vadha kara ddaalaa| karNa ke zarIra se nikalA teja sUrya meM jA milaa| karNa kA vadha hone para kaurava pakSa ke kisI vIra meM yuddha ke lie utsAha nahIM rhaa| senA bhAga gii| duryodhana ke lAkha kahane para ve vApasa lauTane taiyAra nahIM hue / taba zalya ke kahane para yuddha ko sthagita karake sabhI apane apane nivAsasthAna (zibira) ko cale gye| unake zibira ko jAte hI bar3e Ananda ke sAtha pANDavasenA apane zibira ko pahuMca gii| ve jora se garajane lge| zrIkRSNa aura arjuna dharmarAja se bar3e hI Ananda se mile aura karNa kA varNana sunAne lge| dharmarAja karNArjuna kA yuddha dekhane bIca meM eka bAra samarAMgaNa gaye the, lekina ghAyala hone ke kAraNa ve adhika samaya taka vahAM nahIM raha ske| aba karNavadha kA vRtAMta sunakara ve phira se vahAM cale gaye aura karNa ko marA par3A apanI AMkhoM se dekhA / taba Ananda ke Avega meM unhoMne kRSNArjuna ko prema se gale lagA liyA aura kahA, "Aja mai dhanya ho gayA huuN| Aja hI maiM samajhatA hUM ki mujhe jaya milI hai| teraha varSa karNa ke AtaMka se mujhe nIMda taka nahIM AtI thii|" aisA kahakara unhoMne zrIkRSNa aura arjuna ko dhanyavAda die / 9 zalya parva vaizampAyana janamejaya rAjA ko Age sunAne lage unnIsaveM dina savere saMjaya hastinApura phuNcaa| usane rAjA dhRtarASTra ko duryodhanAdi sabakA vinAza huA, kRpAcArya kRtavarmA aura azvatthAmA, (tIna kaurava pakSa ke) aura pAMca pANDava, zrIkRSNa aura sAtyaki, (sAta pANDava pakSa ke) kula dasa loga bhAratIya yuddha meM bace, vRtAnta sunAyA / vaha suna kara sabhI putroM kI aura khAsa kara duryodhana kI mRtyu se dukhI hokara dhRtarASTra ne bahuta zoka kiyA aura bAda meM saMjaya se yuddha kA savistara varNana karane ko khaa| taba saMjaya ne batAyA, karNa kI mRtyu ke bAda duryodhanAdi sArI kaurava senA bhAgakara zibira lauTa aayii| taba kRpAcArya ne duryodhana se kahA ki aba bhI pANDavoM kA rAjya unako lauTA do aura unase sandhi kro| senA kA jo nAza huA hai usase adhika aba kucha na ho| bace vIroM tathA sainikoM ko apane ghara jAne do| usa para duryodhana ne kahA, bAta aba yahAM taka pahuMca gayI hai ki pANDava aba hamArI eka bhI nahIM suneMge aura pANDavoM kI zaraNa me jAnA mujhase hogA bhI nahIM / itane logoM kA nAza ho cukane para mai pANDavoM kI zaraNa meM jAUM to loga mujhe kyA kaheMge? aura vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki aba taka jinhoMne mere lie apane sarvasva kI bali caDhAI, unake RNa se mukta hone ke lie mujhe yuddha hI karanA anivArya hai| itanA kaha kara duryodhana ne azvatthAmA se pUchA ki, karNa ke bAda senApati pada kisa suyogya vyakti ko diyA jAya ? taba azvatthAma ne zalya kA nAma sUcita kiyaa| vaha sabako pasaMda A gyaa| taba duryodhana ne zalya ko senApati pada kA abhiSeka kiyaa| 114 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhRtarASTra ne prazna kiyA- saMjaya! karNa kI mRtyu jaba huI taba donoM tarapha kitanA sainya zeSa thA? saMjaya ne batAyA kauravoM ke pakSa meM gyAraha hajAra ratha (11,000), dasa hajAra hAthI (10,000), do lAkha ghoDe (2,00,000) aura tIna karoDa padAti sainya (3,00,00,000) thA, to pANDavoM ke pakSa meM chaha hajAra ratha (6,000) chaha hajAra hAthI (6,000), dasa hajAra ghoDe (10,000) aura do karor3a padAti sainya (2,00,00,000) thaa| 18) aThArahaveM dina sabere yuddha zuru huaa| usa yuddha meM nakula ke hAthoM karNa putra citrasena kA vadha huaa| vaha dekha kara karNa ke dUsare do putra, suSeNa aura satyasena nakula para daudde| nakula ne unakA bhI jaba nAza kiyaa| taba kaurava senA bhayabhIta hokara bhAgane lgii| unakA dhairya bar3hAne ke hetu zalya pANDavoM se yuddha karane lgaa| usane pANDavasenA kI bahuta hAni kI aura dharmarAja para bANoM kI varSA kii| taba bhIma ko baDA krodha aayaa| usane apanI gadA calA kara zalya ke ratha ke ghoDe mAre, sArathI ko mAra giraayaa| sArathI ke giratehI zalya bhAga gyaa| bhImasena gadA ghumAkara yuddha ke liye zalya ko lalakArane lagA taba duryodhanAdi kauravasenA ne bhIma para hamalA cddhaayaa| bhIma kI sahAyatA meM pANDava sainya ke Ate hI jo yuddha huA, usameM duryodhana ne pANDavoM kI tarapha se yuddha karane vAle cekitAna nAmaka yAdava kA vadha kiyaa| zalya ne lauTa kara dharmarAja para tIkhe tIra chodde| taba dharmarAja ne apane pArzvavartiyoM se kahA ki zalya kA kAma mere hisse kA hai| mai usakA sAmanA karake use naSTa kruuNgaa| merA ratha sabhI zastrAstroM se taiyAra rkhie| mere ratha ke bAI ora dhRSTadyumna, dAhine sAtyaki, pIche arjuna, Age bhIma ke rahane para mai zalya ko jIta skuuNgaa| isa taraha kI vyavasthA karake dharmarAja aura zalya eka dUsare para tIra calAne lge| dharmarAja ne zalya ke ratha ke ghoDoM aura dhvaja ko girAyA, taba azvatthAmA zalya ko apane ratha para sahArA dekara dUra haTa gyaa| kucha dera bAda dUsare ratha para savAra hokara zalya dharmarAja ke sAtha laDane phira se A gyaa| una donoM kA yuddha cala rahA thA taba dharmarAja ne zakti nAmaka zastroM se zalyakA nAza kiyaa| usa samaya duryodhana ke rokane para zalya kI senA ke sAta sau rathI pANDava senA para caDha gye| bhIma, arjuna, nakula aura sahadeva ne una sabako parAsta kiyaa| taba kauravoM kI senA bhaya se bhAga jAne lgii| unako dhairya dilAne ke lie jaba duryodhana ke prabhAvI bhASaNa se senA phira yuddha ke lie kaTibaddha ho gyii| unameM se mlecchoM kA rAjA zAlva masta hAthI para savAra hokara Age bddhaa| taba dhRSTadyumna ne usa hAthI ko gadAghAta se Dhera kiyA aura sAtyaki ne eka hI tIra meM zAlva ko naSTa kiyaa| phirase kauravoM kI senA meM bhagadaDa maca gii| senA ko bar3e kaSTa ke sAtha lauTA lekara duryodhana yuddha karane lgaa| taba dhRSTadyumna ne usake ratha ke ghoDoM aura sArathI ko naSTa kiyaa| usa para duryodhana eka ghor3e para savAra hokara zakuni kI ora bhAga gyaa| usake pIche pIche azvatthAmA, kRpAcArya aura kRtavarmA bhI ge| duryodhana ke bhAga jAne para usake bhAI bhImasena para TUTa pdde| bhIma ne una sabakA nAza to kiyA hI, sAtha sAtha hajAroM rathoM tathA bahuta sArI senA ko dhvasta diyaa| aba duryodhana aura usakA bhAI sudarzana do hI ghuDasavAra senA ke bIca raha gye| usa senA kA nAza karane ke lie bhIma, arjuna aura sahadeva tInoM vahA~ pahu~ca gye| taba sudarzana bhIma se aura trigarta deza kA rAjA suzarmA aura zakuni arjuna se yuddha karane lge| arjuna ne apane bANoM se satyakarmA satyeSu aura suzarmA kA tathA unakI senA kA nAza kiyA, aura bhIma ne sudarzana kA vadha kiyaa| jaba zakuni aura usakA putra uluka sahadeva para daudde| taba sahadeva ne pahale uluka ko aura pazcAt zakuni ko paraloka pahuMcA diyaa| anantara bace sabhI sainikoM ko duryodhana ne AjJA dI ki, "pANDavoM kA nAza karake hI muMha dikhaao| "usa AjJA ke anusAra vaha saba senA pANDava senA para dauDa caDha gii| lekina vaha saba pAnDavoM kI senA dvArA mArI gii| dhRtarASTra ne pUchA, "kauravoM kA pUrA sainya jaba naSTa huA taba pANDavoM kI tarapha kitanI senA bacI thii|" .... saMjaya ne batAyA, "do hajAra (2,000) ratha, sAta sau (700) hAthI, pAMca hajAra (5,000) ghur3asavAra aura dasa hajAra (10,000) padAti, itanA sainya pANDavoM ke pakSa meM zeSa bacA thaa| duryodhana kA ghoDA jaba yuddha meM gira paDA taba duryodhana hAtha meM gadA lekara akelA hI cala pddaa| usI samaya dhRSTadyumna ke kahane para mujhe mArA jA rahA thA, para vyAsa maharSi ke vahAM pahuMcate hI aura kahane para usane mujhe jindA choDa diyaa| mai zastratyAga karake jaba hastinApura jA rahA thA, eka kosa kI dUrI para mujhe duryodhana milaa| usane bar3e hI duHkha ke sAtha kahA, "dhRtarASTra se jAkara kaha do ki ApakA putra duryodhana hRd meM ghUsa paDA hai|" itanA kahakara vaha sarovara meM ghusa paDA aura maMtra ke bala para tala meM pahuMca kara cupa baitthaa| usake jAne para kRpAcArya, kRtavarmA aura azvatthAmA, tInoM usakI talAza karate hue vahAM pahuMca ge| maine unheM duryodhana ke jIvita hone kA aura hada meM jA chipeM baiThane kA vRtta sunaayaa| itane meM yaha dekhakara ki pANDava usakI khoja meM vahAM pahuMce unhone mujhe ratha para biThA liyA aura hama zibira pahuMca ge| pUrI senA ke vidhvaMsa kI vArtA zibira meM suna kara sabhI striyAM bhISaNa Akroza karane lgii| duryodhana ke maMtrI una striyoM ko lekara hastinApura kI ora cala pdde| taba dharmarAja kI AjJA lekara yuyutsu unake sAtha gyaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 115 For Private and Personal Use Only

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10 gadAparva zibira meM praveza karane para azvatthAmAdi tInoM ko vahAM rahanA asahya ho gyaa| ve usa hada kI ora jAne pravRtta hue| idhara pANDavoM ne duryodhana kI khUba khoja kI, lekina kucha bhI patA na calane para nirAza hokara apane zibira ko lauTa aae| unake zibira ko lauTa Ane para ye tInoM usa hada ke pAsa pahuMca ge| ve tInoM duryodhana ke sAtha bAteM kara rahe the taba kucha vyAdha vahAM pahuMca ge| duryodhana usa hada meM chipA hai yaha bAta unhoMne pAMDavoM ko btaaii| usa para dharmarAjAdi sabhI jayaghoSa ke sAtha duryodhana ko naSTa karane ke hetu vahAM pahuMcane cala pdde| vaha jayaghoSa dUra hI se sunAI dene para, ve tInoM dUra jAkara eka baragada ke peDa ke nIce baiTha ge| una tInoM ke nivRtta hone para pAMDava vahIM pahuMca ge| zrIkRSNa ke kahane para dharmarAja ne duryodhana kI bahuta hI nirbhatsanA kii| taba vaha kruddha hokara pAnI ke bAhara A gyaa| dharmarAja ke kavaca aura zirastrANa dene para hAtha meM gadA lekara duryodhana bhIma ke sAtha yuddha karane taiyAra huaa| itane meM balarAma apanI tIrthayAtrA samApta karake saMyoga se vahAM pahuMca gye| unake kahane para ve sAre loga kurukSetra pahuMca gaye, aura vahAM una donoM (bhImasena va duryodhana) ke bIca gadAyuddha huaa| koI bhI hAratA jItatA dikhAI nahIM dene lagA, taba arjuna ke pUchane para zrIkRSNa ne batAyA, "bhIma zaktimAn hai sahI, lekina gadAyuddha ke abhyAsa tathA kauzala meM, duryodhana car3hA bar3hA hai| binA yukti kiye, bhIma kA vijaya honA asaMbhava hai| bhIma ne duryodhana kI jAMdha toDane kI pratijJA kI hI hai| usake anusAra bhIma calatA hai to hI duryodhana ko jItane kI saMbhAvanA hai|" yaha suna kara arjuna ne apanI jAMgha para thapakI dekara izAre se bhIma ko sUcita kiyaa| izArA pAkara bhIma jhaTa samajha gayA aura yuddha ke hote hote bhIma ne akasmAt apanI gadA duryodhana kI bAI jAMghapara calAI usI kSaNa duryodhana jamIna para gira pdd'aa| usake nIce girate hI "tUne hamArI bharI sabhA meM gauHgauH kahakara khillI uddaaii| aba bhoga le apane usI karma kA phala" itanA kaha kara bhIma ne usake mAthe para eka lAtha jmaayii| usase dharmarAja ko bahuta hI duHkha huA aura balarAma to hala uThA kara bhIma ko mArane daudd'e| usa para zrIkRSNa ne unako jyoM tyoM karake samajhAbujhA diyaa| taba ve gusse meM hI dvArakA kI ora cale ge| anantara duryodhana zrIkRSNa se bolA, "tU baDA hI duSTa hai| bhISma, droNa, karNa, bhUrizravA Adi vIroM kI anyAya pUrNa hatyA kI jar3a tU hI hai| mai jaba bhIma ke sAtha yuddha kara rahA thA, taba arjuna ke dvArA bhIma ko izAroM se bAI jAMgha para gadA calAne kI sUcanA tUne kii| isa prakAra kA anyAya karane meM tujhe zarma AnI cAhie thii| tere anyAya ke kAraNa hI hamArI hAra ho gii|" duryodhana kA vaha bhASaNa suna kara zrIkRSNa ne kahA, "tUne apane pAtakoM ke kAraNa hI mauta pAI, usakA doSa mujha para mata mddh| bhIma ko jahara khilAnA, pANDavoM ko lAkSAgRha meM jalAne kA SaDayaMtra racanA, bharI sabhA meM rajasvalA mahAsatI draupadI kI viDaMbanA karanA, abhimanyu ko anekoM dvArA mila kara mAranA Adi bahuta se anyAya tU na karatA, pANDavoM ko unakA rAjya pahale hI de detA to bhISma, droNa Adi mahAvIroM kA aura terA bhI nAza nahIM hotaa| hamAre anyAya tere anyAyoM kI pratikriyA hI the| isI lie hameM doSI na ThaharA apane kiye pApoM ke tU phala bhoga rahA hai|" usake bAda zrIkRSNa ke sAtha sabhI zibira ko lauTa aaye| zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ko ratha se pahale nIce utarane ke lie kahA aura Apa pIche se utre| taba apanA udiSTa samApta samajha kara hanumAn bhI vahAM se cale ge| zrIkRSNa ke utarate hI arjuna kA ratha jala kara bhasmasAt ho gyaa| usa acaMbhe ko dekhakara arjuna ne usakA kAraNa puuchaa| taba zrIkRSNa ne batAyA, "mai sArathI ke nAte ratha para hone ke kAraNa aura terA kAma pUrA na ho pAne para terA ratha aba taka nahIM jalA, para aba terA kAma pUrA huA hai| mujhe bhI aba tere sArathI ke rUpa meM usa ratha para baiThane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yuddha meM bhISma, droNAdikoM ke calAe divya astroM ke kAraNa terA ratha jala kara khAka ho gayA hai| usake bAda pAMDava senA kauravoM ke zibira meM ghusa pdd'ii| use vahAM cAMdI, sonA, hIre, mAnika, dAsa-dAsI Adi bahuta kucha milaa| zrIkRSNa ne pAMDavoM aura sAtyaki se kahA ki aba hama Aja kI rAta zibira ke bAhara bitaaeN| tadnusAra ve saba oghavatI nadI ke taTa para rAtabhara ke vizrAma ke lie cale gye| vahAM jAne para dharmarAja ke mana meM isa bAta kI ciMtA uThI ki mahApativratA gAMdhArI krodhavaza zAyada hameM zApa dekara bhasma to nahIM kreNgii| isalie unhoMne zrIkRSNa ko gAMdhArI ke pAsa bhejaa| zrIkRSNa ne dhRtarASTra aura gAMdhArI ke pAsa jAkara bahuta hI yuktipUrvaka bhASaNa se unhe samajhAyA tathA zAMta kiyA aura phira se ve pAMDavoM kI tarapha lauTa aae| kRpAcAryAdi tInoM ko logoM dvArA jaba yaha samAcAra milA ki duryodhana gadAyuddha meM Ahata huA hai, taba ve duryodhana ke pAsa pahuMca gye| gyAraha akSauhiNI senA ke svAmI duryodhana ko vahAM dhUla phAMkate dekhA, taba unhoMne bahuta hI zoka kiyaa| azvatthAmA ne to yahAM taka kahA ki pratyakSa mere pitAjI kI mRtyu se bhI, rAjan terI isa vipanna avasthA kA mujhe bhArI duHkha ho rahA hai| mai pratijJA karatA haiM ki Aja kisI na kisI upAya se pAMDava senA kA vidhvaMsa kruuNgaa| isake lie terI svIkRti 116/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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caahie| yaha suna kara duryodhana ko bar3A Ananda huA aura kRpAcArya ke hAthoM azvatthAmA ko unhoMne senApatitva kA abhiSeka kiyaa| abhiSeka ke anantara duryodhana se vidA lekara ve tInoM vahAM se cala diye aura duryodhana rAtabhara vahI apane hAthoM atIva kaSTa se aMgoM ko nocanevAle giddhoM ko haTAte lahUluhAna par3A rhaa| 11 sauptika parva kRpAcArya, kRtavarmA aura azvatthAmA tInoM duryodhana se bidA hokara eka jaMgala meM cale gye| vahAM kisI peDa ke nIce ratha chor3a kara saMdhyA vaMdana ke bAda vahIM jamIna para so gye| donoM ko bhArI parizrama ke kAraNa nIMda acchI AyI, para azvatthAmA krodha tathA duHkha ke mAre nahIM so skaa|| rAta ke bar3hane para azvatthAmA ko dikhAyI diyA ki usa baragada ke peDa para soe kauoM ko eka ullU Akara mAra rahA hai| vaha dRzya dekhakara ullU ne mAno gurUpadeza hI diyA samajha kara azvatthAmA ne apane donoM mitroM ko jagAyA aura apanA vicAra batAyA, ki kyoM na soe pAMDava sainya kA vidhvaMsa kiyA jaay| usa para vaha anucita hai, adharma hai, usase terI cAroM ora niMdA hogI, Adi Adi kRpAcArya ne samajhA diyA para jaba azvatthAmA apane usa uddiSTa kI pUrti ke lie pAMDava zibiroM ko jAne ratha para jA baiThA taba ve donoM bhI usake sAtha lie| pANDavoM ke zibiradvAra para pahuMcane para azvastathAmA ne kahA, "tuma donoM daravAje para raha kara bhItara se bAhara bhAga Ane vAloM ko naSTa karate rho| mai bhItara jAkara sote hue logoM kA nAza karatA huuN|" itanA kahakara vaha pahale dhRSTadyumna ke pAsa pahuMcA aura lAtoM se use rauMdane lgaa| dhRSTadyumna uThane kI koziza karane lgaa| taba azvatthAmA ne use donoM hAthoM se pakaDA aura uThA kara jamIna para paTaka diyA, aura jisa prakAra binA zastra ke pazu kI hatyA kara dete hai; usI prakAra usane dhRSTadyumna kI hatyA kii| usake bAda zikhaMDI, draupadI ke putra Adi jo bhI vahAM the una sabakA nAza azvatthAmA ne kiyaa| jo bhAga jAne ke irAde se zibira ke daravAje para pahuMce unakA nAza vahAM kRpAcArya aura kRtavarmA ne kiyaa| sabakA nAza karane; para baDI hI prasannatA se ve tInoM duryodhana ke pAsa Ae, aura unhoMne vaha sArA vRttAMta use sunaayaa| vaha saba sunakara usa burI hAlata meM bhI use baDA harSa huA aura thoDe hI samaya meM usake prANa uDa gye| saMjaya dhRtarASTra ko kahatA hai, "dhRtarASTra rAjA! tumhArI duSTa maMtraNA se, anyAyapUrNa vyavahAra se aura ghora aparAdha se hI isa taraha se kauravoM aura duryodhana kI mRtyu ke anantara vyAsajI kI kRpAdRSTi se prApta merI divya dRSTi lupta ho gayI hai| vaizaMpAyana jagamejaya rAjA se bole, "rAjA, dUsare dina prAtaHkAla dhRSTadyumna kA sArathI dharmarAja ke pAsa Akara batAne lagA, "zibira kI sArI senA ko kRpAcArya, kRtavarmA aura azvatthAmA tInoM ne mAra ddaalaa| mai kRtavarmA ke paMjoM se jyoM tyoM karake baca gayA huuN|" vaha vRtta sunakara dharmarAjana kucha dera zoka karate rhe| draupadI ke lie nakula ko bulA bhejA aura ve khuda sabake sAtha zibira meM phuNce| kucha dera bAda draupadI bhI vahAM phuNcii| putroM kI mRtyu se use atIva duHkha huaa| duHkha ke Avega meM draupadI bolI, "mere putroM ko ghAta karane vAlA azvatthAmA jaba taka jIvita hai taba taka mai binA kucha khAe pie yahIM baiThI rhNgii| itanA kaha kara vaha vahIM baitthii| usa para dharmarAja ne usase pUchA, "azvatthAmA to bhAga gayA hai, usako yuddha meM jIta bhI liyA to tujha para kaise prakaTa hogA aura tU usakA vizvAsa kaise kara sakegI?" draupadI ne batAyA, "azvatthAmA ke mAthe para janma se hI eka maNi hai| vaha maNi tumhAre mAthe para birAjate dekhUgI tabhI mai jIvita vaha sakU~gI, anyathA nhiiN|" / vaha sunakara bhIma ratha para savAra hokara azvatthAmA kA nAza karane cala pddaa| nakula usakA sArathI bnaa| bhIma ko cala paDate dekha zrIkRSNa dharmarAja se bole, "bhIma ko akele jAne denA ucita nahIM kyoM ki azvatthAmA jitanA zastrAstravettA hai utanA hI duSTa bhI hai| usakI duSTatA kI eka kahAnI sunAtA hU~, "azvatthAmA ne jaba yaha sunA ki droNAcArya ne arjuna ko brahmAstra sikhAyA hai taba ekAnta meM droNAcArya se brahmAstra mAMgane lgaa| droNAcArya ne usakI adhamatA dekha kara use vaha astra nahIM sikhaayaa| lekina vaha jaba bahuta hI gir3agir3AyA, taba unhoMne vaha astra use sikhA diyA, aura batAyA ki yaha astra mAnavoM para nahIM calAnA caahie| yahI isakA niyama hai| lekina tU adhama hone ke kAraNa isa niyama kA pAlana tujhase nahIM hogaa| brahmAstra prApti ke bAda eka bAra azvatthAmA dvArakA phuNcaa| yAdavoM ne baDI Avabhagata ke sAtha use rakhavA liyaa| eka dina vaha mere pAsa pahuMcA aura merA sudarzana cakra mAMgane lgaa| maine usase kahA, hAM, koI bAta nahIM, uThA le jA cakra, "lekina vaha use uThA na skaa| taba vaha bahuta hI zaramindA huaa| bAda meM maine usase pUchA, "tUne merA cakra kyoM cAhA? kyA karane jA rahA thA tU? taba vaha bolA "mai brahmAstra se anyoM ko jIta sakatA thaa| lekina tumheM jItane kA koI sAdhana mere pAsa nahIM thaa| tumase cakra lekara usIse tumheM jItane kA merA vicAra thaa|" kucha dinoM bAda vaha dvArakA se calA gyaa| dharmarAja, yaha hai azvasthAmA kI adhmtaa| isalie bhIma kA akele jAnA iSTa nahIM hai|" itanA kaha kara zrIkRSNa khuda ratha para savAra ho ge| dharmarAja aura arjana usI ratha para sAtha cala pdd'e| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 117 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dhatthAmA ne apanA kA maNi pAMDavA apanA astra sameTa yuddha hotA hai, atra bhImasena gaMgA ke kinAre vyAsa maharSi ke Azrama para phuNcaa| bhIma ko yaha samAcAra milA thA ki vaha duSTa narAdhama, azvAtthAmA vahIM hai| bhIma ke pIche pIche zrIkRSNa kA bhI ratha vahAM dhmkaa| vaha saba dekhakara ki aba chuTakArA nahIM hai, bhayabhIta hokara pANDavoM ke vidhvaMsa ke lie azvatthAmA ne brahmAstra kA prayoga kiyaa| taba zrIkRSNa ke kahane para pAMDavoM kI tathA sabakI rakSA ke lie arjuna ne bhI brahmAstra kA prayoga kiyaa| donoM astra TakarAkara sarvanAza kA samaya A gayA, taba vyAsa maharSi aura devarSi nArada ne bIca bacAva karake donoM ko apane apane astra sameTa lene ke lie khaa| tadnusAra arjuna ne turanta apane astra ko sameTa liyA, lekina azvatthAmA ko use sameTanA muzkila ho gyaa| taba RSi bole jahAM brahmAstroM se yuddha hotA hai, usa jagaha para bAraha varSa varSA nahIM hotI aura akAla par3atA hai| hamAre kahane para arjuna ne apanA astra sameTa liyA hai| tU agara apanA astra sameTa lene meM Apako asamartha pAtA hai to tU mAthe para kA maNi pAMDavoM ko de de aura astra ko pAMDavoM para prayukta na kara, tabhI tU jindA raha skegaa| usa para azvatthAmA ne apanA astra uttarA ke garbha para prayukta kiyaa| vaha dekha kara zrIkRSNa usase bole "uttarA ke garbha ko to mai jIvita rakha hI lUMgA, para garbhahatyA (bhrUNahatyA) karane vAle tujha mahAduSTa aura pAtakI ko apane pApa kA phala isI janma meM bhugatanA pddegaa| tIna hajAra (3,000) sAla taka tere zarIra se pUyamizrita khUna bahatA rhegaa| usa durgaMdha ko sahate jaMgala meM tujha akele ko bhaTakate rahanA pddegaa| tujhe koI bhI pahacAna nahIM skegaa|" vaha sunakara baDe duHkha ke sAtha pAMDavoM ko apanA maNi sauMpa kara azvatthAmA jaMgala calA gyaa| anantara pAMDava maNi prApta karake apane zibira lauTa aaye| draupadIkI icchA ke anusAra usa maNi ko dharmarAja ne apane mAthe dhAraNa kiyaa| taba draupadI, jo prANa tyAgake nizcaya se dharanA dekara baiThI thI, bar3I prasanna huii| 12 zAnti parva vaizampAyana janamejaya rAjA ko sunAne lage : yuddha meM mRta logoM ke nAma tarpaNa karane ke bAda gaMgA ke bAhara Akara dharmarAja vahIM eka mahinA rhe| eka bAra unakA kSemakuzala pUchane jaba aneka RSi vahA~ padhAre taba dharmarAjA ne aMtaraMga kA duHkha prakaTa kiyaa| dharmarAja ne kahA, "mere hAthoM jAtivadha kA bhArI pAtaka to huA hI hai, lekina hamAre sage bar3e bhAI karNa kA vadha hamAre hAthoM huA, isI kA mujhe bahuta hI duHkha hai| kaurava sabhA meM karNa ne hameM kaisI bhI kar3I bAteM kyoM na sunAI, taba bhI usake caraNoM kI tarapha dekhate hI merA krodha zAMta ho jAtA thaa| usake pAMva kuntI ke pAMvo jaise dIkhate the| lekina vaha aisA kyoM, kucha samajha meM nahI AtA thaa| usakI mRtyu ho jAne para vaha bAta merI samajha meM A gii| aba usako kisakA zApa thA aura aMta meM usake ratha kA pahiyA dharatI ne kyoM nigala liyA vaha kRpA kara btaaeN| nArada RSi bole, "kSatriya, yuddha meM prANArpaNa karake svarga loka meM pahuMca jAye, isaliye devoM ne vaha putra 'kanyA' se utpanna kiyA thaa| usI se Apasa kA vairabhAva bddhaa| usa karNa ne droNAcArya ke pAsa dhanurvidyA kI zikSA grahaNa kii| Age arjuna ko prabala jAna kara eka bAra karNa ne droNAcArya se brahmAstra sIkhane kI prArthanA kii| droNAcArya ne batAyA ki brAhmaNoM yA kSatriyoM ko hI brahmAstra sIkhane kA adhikAra hai| usapara karNa maheMdra parvata para parazurAma ke pAsa calA gyaa| apane ko brAhmaNa (bhArgava gotra kA) batalAkara usane brahmAstra kA prayoga sIkha liyaa| eka bAra karNa ne kisI brAhmaNa kI gAya anajAne maarii| taba usa brAhmaNa ne karNa ko zApa de diyA, "jisase tU spardhA kara rahA hai jise mArane ke lie bar3A bhArI vyUha racA hai, usase yuddha karate samaya tere ratha kA cakra dharatI nigala legI aura vaha bhI tujhe aise hI mAra ddaalegaa| eka bAra parazurAma karNa ke aMka para mAthA Tekakara jaba so rahe the taba eka kIDe ne karNa kI jAMgha ko nIce se katarA, lekina karNa ne jAMgha nahI hilaaii| jAMgha ke garama khUna kA sparza parazurAma ke zarIra meM huA taba ve jAga pdd'e| unheM eka kIr3A dikhAI diyaa| pahale kRtayuga meM vaha daMza nAma kA rAkSasa thaa| usane bhRguRSi kI patnI kA apaharaNa kiyA isaliye usa RSi ke zApa se vaha kIr3A bana gyaa| usake cale jAne para parazurAma karNa se bole, "itanA bhArI duHkha brAhmaNa saha nahIM sktaa| tU brAhmaNa nahIM hai| aba saca saca batA tU yathArtha meM kauna hai? taba, isa Dara se ki parazurAma zApa de deMge (aura apanI vidyA bhI lopa hI jAegI) karNa ne batAyA, "mai brAhmaNa nahIM hU~, kSatriya bhI nahIM hUM, balki sUta huuN| kevala brahmAstra kA prayoga sIkhane ke lie hI Apako maiM bhArgava gotrI hUM btaayaa| vaha suna kara parazurAma krodha ke mAre Aga babUlA hokara bole, "mujhe dhokhA dekara tUne brahmAstra kA prayoga sIkhA, paraMtu aMta samaya meM isa astra ke maMtra yAda nahIM aaeNge| haTa jA yahAM se| tujha jaise jhUThe AdamI ko yahAM eka kSaNa bhI rahanA nahIM caahiye| usake bAda karNa vahAM se cala diyaa| brahmAstra aura sAtha meM do bhayAnaka zApoM ko prApta kara karNa lauTa gyaa|" eka bAra kaliMga deza ke rAjA citrAMgada kI kanyA kA svayaMvara thaa| usameM deza-deza ke rAjA ikaThThA hue the| lekina duryodhana ne usa kanyA kA apaharaNa kiyaa| usa samaya jo yuddha chir3A, usameM karNa ne duryodhana ke lie parAkrama dikhA kara sabhI 118 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAjAoM ko parAsta kiyaa| usakA parAkrama suna kara jarAsaMgha usakA mitra bana gyaa| Age cala kara indra ne tumhAre hita ke lie usake kavaca-kuMDala (jo janmataH use mile the) mAMga, lie| isa taraha se karNa bar3A bahAdura hone para bhI paristhiti se (zApAdi se) pIr3ita thA, aura isI lie arjuna ke hAthoM usakA vadha huaa| lekina yuddha meM mRtyu Ane ke kAraNa use sadgati hI prApta huI hai| isa lie he dharmarAja! usake lie zoka karanA vyartha hai| nArada RSi kA vaha bhASaNa sunane para bhI dharmarAja kA zoka zAMta nahIM huaa| ve phira se vana cale jAne kI aura tapazcaryA karane kI bAteM karane lge| usa samaya arjuna, bhImasena, draupadI, vyAsa maharSi aura zrIkRSNa ne unhe taraha taraha samajhA bujhAne kA prayatna kiyaa| vyAsa maharSi bole "vana meM raha kara tapa karanA brAhmaNa kA kAma hai| kSatriyoM kA mukhya kartavya rAjya karanA hI hai| rAjA adharma karane vAle ko daMDa detA hai| ataH loka dharma para calate hai, usI se rAjA ko sadgati prApta hotI hai| sudyumna rAjA ke rAjya meM do RSi, zaMkha aura likhita rahate the| eka bAra likhita ne apane Azrama ke phala anumati lie binA khA liye| taba zaMkha ne usase kahA, "tUne corI kI hai, usa pAtaka kA daMDa bhugata kara phira yahAM calA aa|" likhita sudyumna rAjA ke pAsa calA gyaa| sudyumna rAjA ne usake donoM hAta kaTavA ddaaleN| likhita apane bar3e bhAI ke yahAM yAne zaMkha ke yahAM lauTa AyA- aura kSamA mAMgane lgaa| taba zaMkha ne kahA, "mai tujha para gussA nahIM huuN| kiye pAtakoM kA prAyazcita bhoganA Avazyaka, isalie maine tujhe rAjA ke pAsa jAne ke lie khaa| aba tU isa nadI meM snAna kr| tadnusAra snAna karate hI likhita ke hAtha pahale jaise caMge ho ge| usa dina se vaha nadI bAhudA (bAhu-hAtha, dA-denevAlI) kahalAne lgii| usa para likhita ne pUchA, to phira tumhIM ne mujhe daMDa kyoM nahI diyA? zaMkha ne batAyA aparAdhI ko daMDa denA rAjA kA kartavya hai, isaliye maine tujhe sudyumna rAjA ke pAsa phuNcaayaa| vyAsa RSi, kahate haiM, vaha sudyumna rAjA kSatriyocita dharmAcaraNa se paramadhAma pahuMca gyaa| tU bhI usakA anukaraNa karake dharmAnukUla rAjya claa| anantara vyAsa maharSi punaH bole, "deva-daitya bhAI-bhAI hone para daitya adharma karane vAle, isalie devoM ne unakA nAza to kiyA hI, para jina zAlAvRka nAma ke aThAsI hajAra (88,000) brAhmaNoM ne unakA pakSa liyA thA unakA bhI nAza kiyaa| kaurava adhArmika the| unakA nAza karane se tujhe pApa nahIM lagA hai| itanA hone para bhI agara tujhe pApa kI zaMkA ho to usase sabhI pApoM kA nAza ho jaaegaa|" usapara dharmarAja ne kahA "mujhe pUrA rAjadharma sunane kI icchA hai|" vyAsa RSi ne batAyA usake lie tU bhISma pitAmaha ke pAsa jAkara unase prArthanA kr| dharmarAjane kahA, "maine hI unako mArA hai, aura aba mai usake pAsa kaise jAU~"? kahakara ve bahuta hI zoka karane lge| taba zrIkRSNa ne kahA, "dharmarAja, dharma kI vRddhi ho, adharma kA nAza ho, aura usase sabakA kalyANa ho etadartha tU apanA vaMzaparaMparAgata rAjya claa| aba adhika Agraha mata kr|" vaha suna kara sabake sAtha dharmarAja hastinApura lauTa aaye| hastinApura pahuMcane para brAhmaNa jaba AzIrvAda de rahe the taba cArvAka nAmakA eka rAkSasa dharmarAja se kahane lagA, "ye sabhI brAhmaNa kahate haiM ki tujha jaisA nijI jAti kA nAza karane vAlA rAjA hama nahIM cAhate haiN| dhikkAra hai tujhe| are guru-hatyA karake jIvita rahane kI apekSA tU mara jAtA to acchA hotaa|" yaha suna kara dharmarAja sabhI brAhmaNoM se prArthanA karake bole, "eka to meM pahale se hI duHkhI huuN| merA dhikkAra kyoM kara rahe hai Apa? yaha duSTa rAkSasa duryodhana kA mitra hai| isake kahane para tuma dhyAna mata do| tumhArA kalyANa ho|" itanA kahakara una brAhmaNoM ne apane tapa-teja se usa cArvAka rAkSasa ko naSTa kara diyaa| usake bAda rAjyAbhiSeka kI saba siddhatA ho jAne para dhaumya RSi ne homahavana kiyA aura zrIkRSNa ne ratnamaya suvarNa siMhAsana para draupadI ke sAtha baiTha dharmarAja ko abhiSeka kiyaa| maMgalavAdya bajane lge| sabhI prajAjanoM ne apane-apane upahAra dharmarAja ko arpita kie, zrIkRSNa kI stuti kI aura sabake AbhAra maane| isa taraha se ThATa-bATa ke sAtha samAroha saMpanna hokara rAjyAbhiSeka kA kAryakrama vidhivat pUrNa ho gayA / sabhI dhanya-dhanya kahane lge| dharmarAja ke zAsana meM sabhI sAnanda dina bitAne lge| eka dina dharmarAja zrIkRSNa ke pAsa gye| taba unheM, zrIkRSNa ko dhyAnastha baiThe dekha kara bar3A acaraja huaa| unhoMne zrIkRSNa se prazna kiyA ki bhagavan, sabhI loga tumhArA dhyAna karate haiM, para tuma kisakA dhyAna kara rahe the| usa para zrIkRSNa ne kahA, "mere ekaniSTha bhakta bhISma zarazayyApara merA dhyAna kara rahe haiM, isa lie merA pUrA dhyAna unhIM kI ora lagA huA thaa| sacamuca bhISma pitAmaha jaisA paramajJAnI phira kabhI nahIM dikhAI degaa| isaliye aba tU unake pAsa calA jA aura apanI sArI zaMkAkuzaMkAoM kA nirasana karA le| usI meM tere mana ko saMtoSa prApta hogaa| tadnusAra sabhI pAMDava, zrIkRSNa Adi loga bhISma ke pAsa cale ge| bhISma pitAmaha ko praNAma karane para zrIkRSNa ne bhISma se kahA, "ApakA zarIra mana Adi samartha haiM na? Apa jaisA sarvajJa isa yuga meM koI bhI nahIM hai, kRpayA dharmarAja ke zaMkA-saMdehoM ko nirasta kara diijie| usa para bhISma pitAmaha bole, "bhagavan, tumhArI kRpA se hI maiM yahA jIvita huuN| anyathA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/119 For Private and Personal Use Only

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merA zarIra vedanAoM se pIr3ita hai| mana aura buddhi meM sthiratA nahIM, jIbha laDakhaDA rahI hai| isa avasthA maiM kyA upadeza de sakatA huuN| isaliye, mujhe kSamA ho| sabhI jJAnI logoM ke guru Apa hI haiM ataH Apa hI dharmarAja ko samucita upadeza diijie|" yaha suna kara zrIkRSNa saMtuSTa ho gae aura unhoMne bhISma pitAmaha ko vara-pradAna kiyA, "tumheM vedanAeM aba nahIM hogI, bhUkha pyAsa nahIM satAeMgI mana buddhi meM sthiratA A jAegI aura saba jJAna sphurita hogaa|" zrIkRSNa ke vara dene para vyAsa Adi RSiyoM ne bhagavAn zrIkRSNa kI pUjA kii| usI kSaNa AkAzastha devatAoM ne puSpoM kI varSA kii| usake anusAra dUsare dina nitya-naimittika upAsanA pUrI karake sabhI bhISma ke pAsa phuNce| zrIkRSNa ne bhISma se pUchA, "aba pIDAeM to nahIM ho rahI haiM?" bhISma ne batAyA, "bhagavan tumhArI kRpA se saba AnaMda hai| aisA laga rahA hai kI maiM phira taruNa bana gayA hUM aura upadeza dene kI sAmarthya bhI A gayI hai| lekina eka bAta pUchanI hai| dharmarAja ko Apa hI svayaM upadeza kyoM nahIM de rahe haiM? zrIkRSNa ne kahA kI maiM upadeza dUM to logoM para kucha vizeSa prabhAva nahIM par3egA; lekina Apa upadeza doge to saba loga ApakA nAma AdarapUrvaka lete rheNge| Apako varapradAna isI liye kiyA hai| Apake isa upadeza ko veda-vAkya ke samAna pavitra maaneNge| taba bhISma pitAmaha ne kahA, "bhagavan ApakA kRpA-prasAda pAkara maiM aba upadeza karatA huuN| dharmarAja prazna karate raheM aura maiM usakA uttara detA jaauuN|" zrIkRSNa ne kahA, " dharmarAja ko Apake sammukha Ane meM lajjA tathA glAni ho rahI hai aura use Dara lagA rahA hai ki kahIM Apa zApa to nahIM deNge| jinakI pUjA honI cAhie unhIMkA vadha bANoM se usane kiyA, isa lie vaha Apake sAmane upasthita hone meM sakucA rahA hai| usapara bhISma pitAmaha ne dharmarAja se kahA, "isameM Darane yA lajjita hone kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| yaha to kSatriyoM kA dharma hI hai| yuddha meM koI bhI virodha meM khaDA ho, sAkSAt guru bhI kyoM na ho, kSatriya ko usakA vadha kara hI denA caahie|" bhISma ke isa bhASaNa se dharmarAja ne dhairya se unake sAmane jAkara unakI vaMdanA kii| bhISma ne dharmarAja se kahA, "ghabarAne kI koI bAta nahIM hai, svastha citta se nIce baiTha kara jo pUchanA ho so khule dila se puucho|" dharmarAja ne sabako praNAma karake pahale rAjadharma ke bAre meM puuchaa| bhISma pitAmaha ne rAja-dharma kA kathana saMkSepa meM kiyA aura anya zaMkAoM ke bAre meM puuchaa| isa taraha se kucha dinoM taka yaha kAryakrama jArI rhaa| dharmarAja ke prazna aura bhISma pitAmaha ke diye uttara aneka haiN| zAntiparva aura anuzAsanaparva, donoM parva inhIM praznottaroM se paripUrNa haiN| unameM se zAMti parva meM rAjadharma, Apaddharma aura mokSadharma tIna prakaraNa hai| una sabakA sArAMza yahAM denA asaMbhava hai| 13 anuzAsanaparva anuzAsana parva meM dharmarAja aura bhISma ke bIca jo praznottara hue ve "dAna-dharma" nAma se vikhyAta hai| ve praznottara bahusaMkhya hone ke kAraNa unakA sArAMza bhI yahAM denA asaMbhava hai| dharmarAja ke sabhI saMzaya jaba nirasta ho gaye aura dharmarAja ko hastinApura jAne kI AjJA dene kA samaya A gayA taba bhISma pitAmaha ne usase kahA, "ki aba zoka karanA choDa de| hastinApura pahuMca kara nyAya-nIti se rAjya kA dAyitva sNbhaalo| sabako sukha-samAdhAna do| yajJa-yAga kara lo, aura uttarAyaNa ke lagate hI mere pAsa aao|" "ThIka hai, jo AjJA'' kahakara bhISma pitAmaha ko praNAma karake saba loga dharmarAja ke sAtha hastinApura lauTa aaye| pacAsa dina ke bAda sUrya uttara kI tarapha jhukaa| uttarAyaNa dekha kara saba logoM ke sAtha dharmarAja bhISma pitAmaha ke pAsa gye| sabhI ne bhISmajI kI vaMdanA kii| pimAmaha ne kahA, "Apa saba loga A gye| bahuta acchA huaa| pUre aThThAvana dina meM yahAM paDA huuN| mAgha mahine kI zukla pakSa kI aSTamI tithi Aja hai| aba uttarAyaNa zurU ho jAne se zarIra tyAgane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai|" itanA kahakara dhRtarASTra aura dharmarAja ko unhoMne aMtima upadeza kiyaa| zrIkRSNa ko vaMdana kara zarIra tyAgane kI anumati maaNgii| sabase "prasthAna" kaha kara unhoMne samAdhi lagAnA prAraMbha kiyaa| samAdhi lagAkara prANoM ko brahmaraMdhra meM le jAte samaya zarIra kA jo-jo bhAga chUTatA gayA usa-usa bhAga ke bANa dhIre dhIre nikala par3ane lge| aMta meM brahma-raMdhrakA bhedana karake jIvAtmA bAhara nikala par3A, usa samaya eka vizeSa prakAra kA teja, "AkAzamArga se Upara uThatA sabako dikhAI diyaa| bhISma ke zarIra ko vastra-prAvaraNoM, puSpa mAlAoM evaM suMgadhita dravyoM se sajA kara caMdana, kapUra Adi se banAI citA para rakha diyaa| use agni dii| sabhI ne tIna ulaTI parikramAeM lagAI aura gaMgA ke taTapara Akara bhISma pitAmaha ke nAma jala-tarpaNa kiyaa| 14 azvamedhikaparva vaizaMpAyana janamejaya rAjA ko Age batAte haiM :- bhISma ke nAma tarpaNa karane ke bAda gaMgA nadI ke bAhara Akara dharmarAjA phira se zoka karane lge| taba dhRtarASTra, vyAsa tathA zrIkRSNa ne unheM upadeza diyA aura azvamegha yajJa karane khaa| dharmarAja ke 120 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bahuta se yAdava kI kRSNa dvArakA se hastinApura AgAstinApura kI tarapha lauTane lagA pADA aura gAr3iyoM kahane para ki yajJa karane ke lie paryApta dhana nahIM hai, vyAsajI ne batAyA ki pahale marutta rAjA ne himAlaya pahADa para yajJa karake jo dhanarAzi vahIM choDa dI hai, bhagavAn zaMkara ko prasanna karake tuma usa mAMga le Avo aura tumhAre yajJa ke lie vaha dhana paryApta hai| yaha sunakara dharmarAja saMtuSTa hue| yaha dekhakara ki dharmarAja ko rAjya prApta huA hai aura pUrA pradeza samRddha huA hai, zrIkRSNa aura arjuna ko baDAhI AnaMda huaa| ve donoM, eka bAra sthAna sthAna ke tIrtha kSetroM ko dekhate hue iMdraprastha phuNce| vahAM mayasabhA meM bar3e Ananda ke sAtha kAla bitAte unameM sukha dukha kI tathA yuddha ke saMbaMdha meM bahuta sI bAteM huii| anaMtara zrIkRSNa arjuna se bole, "mujhe aba dvArakApurI kI yAda A rahI hai| merA yahAM kA kArya aba samApta huA hai| yahAM se mere bidA lene kI bAta tU dharmarAja se kr|" arjuna ne kahA, "vaha to ThIka hai, lekina tumane pahale jo jJAna zrIgItA ke rUpa meM mujhe kurukSetra meM sikhAyA thA, use mai bhUla gayA huuN| dvArakA jAne se pahale vaha jJAna mujhe phira se sikhaao|" zrIkRSNa ne kahA, "aba usa jJAnakA upadeza phira kara sakane meM maiM asamartha hUM, kyoM ki usa samaya yogayukta hokara maine tujhe vaha jJAna sikhAyA thaa|" bAda meM zrIkRSNa dharmarAja se bidA lekara aura azvamegha yajJa meM Ane kA abhivacana dekara subhadrA ke sAtha dvArakA cale gye| idhara pAMDavoM ne vyAsa maharSi kI sUcanA ke anusAra dhana lAne ke lie himAlaya kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| vahAM pahuMcane para kubera tathA rudra kI pUjA arcA karake vahAM vividha prakAra kA dhana prApta kiyaa| lAkho U~ToM, hAthiyoM, ghoDoM aura gAr3iyoM para ve sampatti lAda lAda kara lAte rhe| isa taraha se dhIre dhIre pAMDava hastinApura kI tarapha lauTane lge| pAMDava jisa samaya sampatti lAne cale gaye usa samaya zrIkRSNa dvArakA se hastinApura A gye| unake sAtha meM subhadrA, balarAma, pradyumna, sAtyaki, kRtavarmA Adi bahuta se yAdava the| zrIkRSNa ke hastinApura meM rahate hue parIkSita kA janma huaa| azvatthAmA ke brahmAstra kA prabhAva hone ke kAraNa vaha arbhaka pretarUpa hI thaa| zrIkRSNa ne apane divya sAmarthya se use phira se jIvita kiyaa| usa samaya zrIkRSNa bole, "agara maine kadApi asatya bhASaNa na kiyA ho, agara maine yuddha meM pITha na dikhAI ho, dharma aura brAhmaNa agara mujhe sadaiva priya rahe hoM, arjuna ke bAremeM mere hRdaya meM parAyepana kI bhAvanA na rahI ho, kaMsa Adi kA vadha maine nyAyapUrvaka kiyA ho, yAne ve sArI bAteM satyapara AdhArita hoM, to usI satya ke prabhAva se yaha bAlaka jIvita ho utthe|" itanA kahate hI vaha arbhaka jIvita ho uThA aura calana valana karane lgaa| vaha dekhakara kuntI, subhadrA, uttarA (jo ki usa bAlaka kI mAM hI thii|), draupadI Adi ko jo AnaMda huA usakA varNana ho hI nahIM sktaa| putra kA nAma parIkSita rakhA gyaa| usake janma ke eka mahIne ke bAda pAMDava yajJa ke lie vaha apAra dhanarAzi lekara hastinApura lauTa aaye| bAda meM zubhamUhurta dekhakara vyAsa maharSi kI sUcanA ke anusAra dharmarAja ne yajJa dIkSA lI aura azva ko vijayArtha choDa diyaa| usakI rakSA karane ke lie arjuna pIche pIche jA rahA thaa| yajJa kA azva prAgjyotiSa nagara ko prApta huaa| vahAM bhagadatta ke putra vajradatta ke virodha ko arjuna ne naSTa kiyaa| vahAM tIna dina yuddha huaa| dharmarAja ne, prasthAna karate samaya arjuna se kaha rakhA thA ki jahAM taka ho sake prANahAni na hone paae| tadnusAra arjuna samajhaute se kAma letA thaa| jahAM kisI ne virodha kiyA usI se vaha yuddha karatA thA, lekina soca saMbhalakara aura jIta lene para yajJa meM upasthita rahane kA AmaMtraNa detA jAtA thaa| bAda meM siMdhu deza ko ghoDA phuNcaa| vahAM jayadratha kA putra suratha arjuna ke Ane kA samAcAra pAte hI AtaMka se cala bsaa| usakI senA kA bhI parAbhava ho gyaa| taba jayadratha kI patnI (dhRtarASTra kI kanyA, duryodhana kI bhaginI), duHzalA apane choTe pote ko lekara arjuna ke pAsa calI AI aura usane use arjuna ke caraNoM meM rkhaa| arjuna ne usakI sAMtvanA kii| bAda meM ghor3A maNipuranagara meM phuNcaa| vahAM brabhuvAhana rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| arjuna jaba tIrthayAtrA para thaa| taba usane vahAM kI citrAMgadA aura nAgakanyA ulUpI se vivAha kiyA thaa| arjuna se citrAMgadA ko jo putra huA vahI vaha thA babhruvAhana / arjuna ke Agamana kA samAcAra sunate hI arjuna ke Agata svAgata kI siddhatA karake vaha agavAnI ke lie calA gayA lekina apane putra kI vaha namratA arjuna ko pasaMda nahIM aaii| arjuna ne usakI niMdA kI aura kahA ki, "yuddha meM apanA sAmarthya batAoge tabhI mai tujhe saccA putra maanuuNgaa|" taba bhI vaha yuddha karanA nahIM cAhatA thA, lekina ulUpI ne use yuddha karane vivaza kiyaa| usa yuddha meM arjuna kI mRtyu hone para ulUpI ne nAgaloka meM jAkara saMjIvana maNi lekara arjuna ko jIvita kiyaa| jIvita ho jAne para arjuna ne usase usakA kAraNa pUchA, taba ulUpI ne batAyA ki bhAratIya yuddha meM tumane bhISma pItAmaha ko adharma se maaraa| tumane zikhaMDI ko jaba Age kiyA taba bhISma pitAmaha apane ratha meM pITha phera ke baiThe rahe aura tumane zikhaMDI kI Ar3a meM khaDe hokara bhISmajI para tIra claae| usase aSTa vasu kSubdha hokara unhoMne tumheM zApita kiyA thaa| mere pitAne jaba unakI prArthanA kI aura unheM manAyA taba unhoMne batAyA ki arjuna agara vabhruvAhana ke hAthoM mRtyu pAegA to yaha zApa asara nahIM karegA / isaliye mujhe yaha saba karanA paDA / yaha suna lene ke bAda arjuna una sabako yajJa kA AmaMtraNa dekara Age bddh'aa| usake pazcAt ghoDA magadha deza kI rAjadhAnI "rAjagRha" meM phuNcaa| vahAM jarAsaMdha ke pote, sahadeva ke putra medhasaMdhi ne saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 121 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ghoDe ko rokaa| use parAbhUta karake, arjuna dakSiNa dizA kI tarapha muDakara AMdhra, draviDa, mahiSaka, kollagiri, gokarNa ke rAjAoM ko jIta kara pazcima samudra ke taTa se hokara saurASTra deza, prabhAsatIrtha hokara dvArakA phuNcaa| vahAM yAdavoM ke putra ghor3e ko pakaDa rahe the, para ugrasena aura vasudeva ne unheM rokaa| ghoDA Age calA aura paMcanada (paMjAba) deza se hokara gAMdhAra deza ko phuNcaa| vahAM zakuni kA putra rAjya kara rahA thaa| use jIta lene ke bAda arjuna hastinApura kI tarapha cala pdd'aa| dharmarAja ne bhImasena ko Adeza diyA ki yajJa meM jo bhI atithi abhyAgata A jAeMge, una sabakA acchA prabandha kara diyA jaay| unake AdezAnusAra yajJa maMDapa khUba acchI taraha se sajAyA gyaa| pratidina eka lAkha brAhmaNoM kA bhojana hone para nagAr3A bajAnA taya huA thaa| nagADA dinabhara meM kaI bAra bajAnA par3atA thaa| usa yajJa ke aMtima kAla meM vahAM eka nevalA phuNcaa| usakA AdhA zarIra sone kA thaa| vaha nevalA manuSya jaisA jora se bolane lagA, "kurukSetra meM rahanevAle brAhmaNa ke eka sera sattU kI barAbarI bhI vaha yaha yajJa nahIM kara sktaa|" sunakara vahAM ke brAhmaNoM ne usase usakA Azaya puuchaa| taba vaha kahane lagA, "kurukSetra meM uMchavRtti kA eka brAhmaNa thaa| usake eka strI, eka putra aura putravadhU thii| una cAroM ko paryApta dhAnya zAyada hI milA karatA thaa| eka bAra aise hI kaI dina abhukta rahane para garamI meM use eka sera sattU mile| vaizvadeva hone para atithi vahA~ pahu~ca gyaa| brAhmaNa ne cAra ke lie usa sattU ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA thaa| unameM se apane hisse kA eka bhAga atithi ko de diyaa| taba kahIM vaha atithi tRpta ho gayA, aura usane apanA saccA rUpa bhI prakaTa kiyaa| vaha sAkSAt yamadharma thaa| usane usa brAhmaNa se kahA ki tUne jo yaha dAna karma baDe AnaMda se kiyA, usase terA nAma svarga loka taka pahuMca gayA hai| usake itanA kahate hI svarga se brAhmaNa para puSpavRSTi huii| svarga se usako le jAne eka vimAna A phuNcaa| usa vimAna para savAra hokara vaha brAhmaNa saparivAra svarga meM gyaa| itanA kaha lene para nevalA kucha aura bolA, "brAhmaNa ke pahuMcane para mai apane bila se bAhara A gyaa| vahAM jo jUThA par3A milA usameM maiM lottaa| usI kSaNa usa brAhmaNa ke puNya se merA AdhA zarIra svarNa kA ho gyaa| zeSa AdhA zarIra bhI svarNa kA ho isa AzA se mai isa yajJa meM phuNcaa| lekina nirAzA hI huii| merA bAkI AdhA zarIra sone kA nahIM ho pAyA hai| isalie merA Azaya yahI hai ki usa brAhmaNa ke eka sera sattU kI bhI barAbarI isa yajJa ko nahIM hai| itanA kahakara nevalA vahAMse cala diyaa| 15 AzramavAsika parva dharmarAja ke rAjya karate paMdraha sAla bIta cukane para dhRtarASTra araNya meM rahane calA gyaa| paMdraha varSoM meM dharmarAja ne usakA ucita sammAna rkhaa| usakI anumati ke binA vaha koI bhI kArya nahIM karatA thaa| duryodhana ke samaya dhRtarASTra kI jo vyavasthA thI usase bhI suMdara vyavasthA dharmarAja ne rkhii| lekina bhImasena dharmarAja ke anajAne dhRtarASTra ko tIkhe tAne kasatA thaa| isaliye paMdraha sAloM ke bAda bhISma, duryodhana Adi ke zrAddha karake, vividha prakAra ke dAna dekara sabhI prajAnanoM se bidA lekara dhRtarASTra ne araNyavAsa ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| sAtha meM gAMdhArI, kuntI, vidura aura saMjaya bhI cle| pAMDavoM ne kuntI ko bahuta manAyA ki vaha jaMgala na calI jAe lekina usane nahIM maanaa| dhRtarASTra rAjA una sabake sAtha kurukSetra phuNcaa| vahAM kekaya deza ke rAjA zatayUpa kA Azrama thaa| usa rAjA ko sAtha lekara dhRtarASTra vyAsa maharSi ke Azrama ko cale ge| vyAsa maharSi se dIkSA pAne ke uparAnta phira zatayUpa ke Azrama pahuMca kara dhRtarASTra tapa karane lge| eka sAla ke bAda pAMDava sabhI striyoM ko sAtha meM lekara dhRtarASTra se milane gye| unake sAtha hastinApura ke bahuta se prajAnana the| pAMDavoM ke vahAM pahuMcane para unheM vidura dikhAI nahIM diye| unake saMbaMdha meM pUchatAcha ve kara hI rahe the| ki kisI pizAca ke samAna vidura dUra se Ate dikhAI diye| dharmarAja unase milane jaba jAne lage taba vidura dauDate hue dUra jaMgala cale gae aura eka peDa se saTakara khaDe ho ge| dharmarAja ke vahAM jAne ke bAda vidura ne samAdhi lgaaii| usake zarIra se nikalA teja dharmarAja ke zarIra meM praviSTa huaa| usase dharmarAja ko anubhava huA ki apanA bala bar3hA hai| anantara dharmarAja punaH Azrama lauTa aaye| eka dina vyAsa maharSi dhRtarASTra ke nivAsa meM pdhaare| gAMdhArI kI prArthanA para yuddha meM jo mRta hue the una sabase sabakI bheMTa gaMgA meM snAna karane ke bAda, vyAsa maharSi kI kRpA se ho gii| eka rAta rahane para ve mRtAtmA gaMgA ke jala meM lupta ho gye| anantara vyAsa maharSi ne striyoM se pUchA, "tumameM se kisI ko apane pati ke sAtha paraloka (patiloka) jAnA ho to isa gaMgA ke jala meM praveza kro|" yaha sunakara sabhI vidhavA striyoM ne gaMgA meM praveza kara apane apane pati ke sAtha svarga meM sAnaMda praveza kiyaa| eka mahinA vahAM rahakara pAMDava hastinApura lauTa aae| dhRtarASTra ke jaMgala gae tIna sAla hone ke uparAnta nArada RSi dharmarAja ke pAsa Akara rahane lge| tumhAre dhRtarASTra se milakara, hastinApura lauTa Ane para dhRtarASTra kurukSetra se calakara haridvAra A phuNcaa| eka dina snAna karake Azrama ko lauTate samaya cAroM tarapha dAvAgni bhar3aka uThI thii| taba dhRtarASTra ne saMjaya se kahA, "tU dAvAgni se nikala jaa| hama bahuta kRza ho prajAca ke samAna vidura dUra khaDe ho ge| dharmarAjabhava huA ki apanA bala 122 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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gaye hai, bhAga nahIM skte| hama tInoM bhI isa dAvAgni meM zarIra kI AhutiyAM dekara sadgati ko prApta kreNge|" itanA kahakara dhRtarASTra, gAMdhArI aura kuntI pUrva kI ora muMha kiye dhyAnastha baitthe| taba saMjaya unakI parikramA kara vahAM se cala diyaa| Azrama pahuMca sabhI RSiyoM ko usane vaha bAta batAI aura vaha himAlaya meM calA gyaa| 16 mausala parva vaizaMpAyana janamejaya se kahane lage- dharmarAja ke paitIsa sAla rAjya karane para chattIsaveM varSa kucha RSi dvArakA gae the| yAdavoM ke putroM ne unakA majAka uddaayaa| zrIkRSNa ke putra sAMba ko strI kA veSa dekara RSiyoM ke pAsa jAkara usane pUchA ki yaha strI garbhavatI hai? batAie, ise putra hogA yA putrI? RSi usa chala kapaTa ko samajha gye| unhoMne kahA ise eka lohe kA mUsala hogA, aura usa mUsala se sabhI yAdavoM kA (zrIkRSNa aura balarAma ko chor3akara) nAza hogaa| RSiyoM ke kahane ke anusAra dUsare dina usa sAMba ke peTa se mUsala paidA huaa| use dekhakara sabhI ghabarA gye| ugrasena rAjA ne usa mUsala ko cUrNa karake samudra meM phikavA dene kI vyavasthA kii| __ usake bAda zrIkRSNa ke kahane para sabhI yAdava tIrthayAtrA ke lie prabhAsa tIrtha phuNce| vahAM Apasa meM jhagar3A aura mArapITa zuru huii| mUsala kA cUrNa samudra kI laharoM se kinAre para A gayA thaa| usase utpanna ghAsa ko lekara yAdava eka dUsare para prahAra karane lge| vaha ghAsa vajra ke samAna hone se usa lar3AI jhagaDoM meM usase sabhI yAdavoM kA nAza ho gyaa| vasudeva, balarAma, zrIkRSNa aura striyAM, bAlabacce Adi kucha hI loga jIvita rhe| zrIkRSNa ne dAruka ke hAthoM lar3a jhagar3akara naSTa hue balarAma ke muMha se bar3A sapheda nAga nikala kara samudra meM calA gyaa| zrIkRSNa jaba dhyAna lagA kara baiThe taba jarA nAma ke kisI vyAdha ne unake pAMva ke taluve ko lakSya karake tIra calAyA, aura hirana samajhakara pAsa phuNcaa| vahAM caturbhuja mUrti ko dekhakara vaha vyAdha zrIkRSNa ke caraNoM para gira pdd'aa| usako sAMtvanA dekara zrIkRSNa nijadhAma cale ge| dAruka ne jaba sArA vRttAMta pAMDavoM ko batalAyA taba use sunakara bar3e hI duHkha ke sAtha arjuna dvArakA calA aayaa| vahAM vaha vasudeva se milaa| dUsare dina vasudeva ne bhI prANatyAga kiyaa| usakA agnisaMskAra kara dene para zrIkRSNa, balarAma, Adi yAdavoM ke zarIra jahAM paDe the usa prabhAsa tIrtha para arjuna A phuNcaa| usane sabhI ke zarIroM ko agni saMskAra kiyaa| punaH dvArakA meM Akara sabhI striyoM, bAlakoM, vRddhoM ko sAtha meM lekara vaha cala pdd'aa| zrIkRSNa ke avatAra samApti ke sAta dinoM ke bAda samudra ne dvArakApurI ko AtmasAt kiyaa| dvArakA ke logoM ke sAthameM lekara arjuna paMcanada (paMjAba) deza ko phuNcaa| vahAM AbhIra nAma ke DAkuoM ne yAdavoM kI bahuta sI striyoM ko le bhgaayaa| arjuna dekhatA hI raha gyaa| tUNIra meM usake pAsa eka bhI tIra nahIM bcaa| astroM ke prayogoM ko bhUlatA gyaa| taba baDe hI duHkha ke sAtha bace khuce logoM ko sAtha meM lekara arjuna kurukSetra phuNcaa| usane sAtyaki ke putra ko sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para aura vajra nAmaka yAdavaputra ko iMdraprastha ke rAjya para sthApita kiyA, aura svayaM vyAsa maharSi ke darzana ke lie calA gyaa| ghaTita sArI bAteM usane vyAsa maharSi para prakaTa kI aura unase unakA kAraNa puuchaa| vyAsa RSi ne kahA, " vidhilikhita hai| buddhi, teja, jJAna Adi saba kAla ke anusAra rahate haiN| kAla ke pratikUla jAte hI ve vinAza ko pAte haiN| isa samaya tumhAre lie kAla pratikUla hai| isI lie tumheM astraprayogoM kA smaraNa nahIM rhaa| anukUla kAla ke Ane para phira se smRti A jaaegii| aba tumhArA kalyANa isI meM hai ki tuma sadgati ko prApta kro|" vyAsa RSi kA kathana suna kara arjuna hastinApura pahuMcA aura usane yAdavoM ke vinAza kI pUrI vArtA dharmarAja ko sunaaii| 17 mahAprAsthAnika parva vaizaMpAyana ne Age kahanA AraMbha kiyA- yAdavoM ke vinAza kI vArtA sunakara pAMDavoM ne svarga loka pahuMcane ke lie mahAprasthAna karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| parIkSit ko rAjya dekara aura subhadrA para usakI rakSA kA bhAra saupa kara kRpAcAryajI ko guru niyukta kara, sabhI prajAnanoM kI prArthanA karake, valkala paridhAna kara lene ke bAda draupadI ko sAtha meM lekara pAMcoM pAMDava hastinApura ke bAhara cala pdd'e| unake sAtha eka kuttA thaa| jAte jAte unheM agnideva mile| unake kahane para arjuna ne apanA gANDIva dhanuSya pAnI meM chor3a diyaa| anantara pRthvI kI parikramA karake pANDava uttara dizA kI ora cala pdd'e| himAlaya parvata, vAlukAmaya pradeza pAra kara unheM meru parvata dIkha pdd'aa| vahAM jAte samaya pahale draupadI gira pddii| usakA kAraNa vaha arjuna se vizeSa prema karatI thii| bAda meM sahadeva gira pdd'aa| usakA kAraNa vaha apane ko baDA buddhimAn samajhatA thaa| pazcAt nakula gira par3A kAraNa use apanI suMdaratA kA baDA hI garva thaa| uparAnta arjuna gira paDA usakA kAraNa usane pratijJA kara lI thI ki mai eka dina meM samUce vIroM ko mAra DAlUMgA" lekina usa pratijJA kI pUrti usase nahIM ho pAI aura saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 123 For Private and Personal Use Only

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use apane pauruSa para baDA hI garva thaa| usake bAda bhImasena gira pdd'aa| usake girane kA kAraNa vaha bahuta hI peTU thA aura use apanI zakti kA garva thA sabake gira par3ane para kutA aura dharmarAja donoM ke Age bar3hane para iMdra ratha lekara pahuMca gaye aura akele dharmarAja ko ratha para savAra hone kahane lgaa| lekina dharmarAja usa svAmibhakta kutte ko chor3ane ko taiyAra nahIM the| vaha dekhakara kutte ke rUpa meM yamadharma apane yathArtha rUpa ko prakaTa karate hue bole, "hamane terI parIkSA lii|" usake bAda dharmarAja ko vimAna para biThAkara saMdeha svarga cale ge| 18 svargArohaNa parva vaizampAyana ne Age kahA- svarga loka pahuMcakara dharmarAja ne duryodhana Adi kauravoM ko bar3e hI ThATa bATa se baiTha paayaa| lekina pAMDavoM ko vahAM na pAkara dharmarAja ne vahAM rukanA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| dharmarAja ke batAne para ki jahAM mere karNa bhIma Adi baMdhu aura draupadI sage saMbaMdhI ho vahAM mujhe bhI le calo, eka devadUta naraka ke darzana karAne unheM le gyaa| usa naraka meM bahuta se prANI bhAMti bhAMti kI yAtanAoM ko bhugata rahe the| vahAM se lauTane kA vicAra dharmarAja ke mana meM Ate hI naraka meM vyAkula prANI kahane lage, "dharmarAja, kucha samaya taka aise hI khar3e raho tumhAre zarIra para se AnevAle vAyuse hamArI yAtanAeM dUra ho giiN| hameM bahuta hI sukha mila rahA hai|" unake bola sunakara dharmarAja ne pUchA, "tuma kauna hai? taba "maiM nakula, maiM draupadI, maiM karNa, maiM arjuna, maiM dhRSTadyumna" isa taraha zabda sunAI die / unako sunakara dharmarAja mana hI mana socane lage, inhoMne kucha bhI pAtaka nahIM kiyA taba inheM naraka yAtanA kyoM? aura usa pApI duryodhana ko svarga kA sammAna aura sukha kaise? socate socate ve kupita bhI ho ge| unhoMne deva dharma kI niMdA kii| devadUtoM ko bidA kiyA aura khuda vahAM rukane se snehI saMbaMdhiyoM ko sukha pahuMca rahA hai, isa lie ve vahIM khaDe rahe / devadUta ke sArA samAcAra devoM para prakaTa karane para iMdrAdika deva dharmarAja ke pAsa A gaye, usI kSaNa naraka lupta ho gayA / sugaMdhita vAyu calane lgii| anaMtara iMdra ne dharmarAjA se kahA, "tumhe svarga loka hI prApta hone vAlA hai, lekina sabhI rAjAoM ko naraka meM jAnA par3atA hai| jinakA puNya adhika rahatA hai unheM pahale naraka aura bAda meM svarga milatA hai aura jinakA pApa adhika unheM pahale svarga aura bAda meM naraka milatA hai| tumane azvatthAmA ke marane kA samAcAra AMzika jhUThasaca batAyA isa lie tumheM yaha jhUTA naraka dekhanA pdd'aa| yaha saba AbhAsamAtra hai / yathArtha meM arjuna Adi svarga meM sthita haiN| isa AkAzagaMgA meM aba snAna karake una apane sage saMbaMdhiyoM se milane prastuta ho jAo / itane meM vahAM sAkSAt yamadharma pahuMca gye| ve dharmarAja se bole, "maine terI tIna bAra parIkSA lii| pahalI bAra dvaita vana meM yakSaprazna ke samaya, dUsarI bAra sAtha meM kutte ke samaya, aura yaha tIsarI bAra hai tU tInoM bAra apane satva ke prati jAgarUka hI rahA / tU dhanya hai / tere bhAI naraka meM kaise jA sakate haiM? yaha saba iMdra se tujhe apanI mAyA dikhAI hai| anantara dharmarAja ne AkAzagaMgA meM snAna kiyA, nara deha kA colA tyAga kara divya deha dhAraNa kiyA aura apane baMdhuoM ke pAsa svarga pahuMca kara AnandapUrvaka dina bitAne lge| 1 samagra caritra tujhako maine sunaayaa|" vaizampAyana kahate haiM, "he janamejaya rAjA, isa prakAra kaurava pAMDavoM kA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mahAbhArata kI kathA sunakara janamejaya rAjA ko bhArI Azcarya huaa| usane sarpasatra pUrA kiyaa| sarpoM ke mukta ho jAne para Astika RSi ko bar3A AnaMda huaa| rAjA ne sabhI brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA pradakSiNA ke sAtha bidA kiyA aura vaha takSazilA nagarI se hastinApura lauTa aayaa| isa taraha usa janamejaya rAjA ke sarmasatra meM vyAsa maharSi ke AdezAnurUpa jo mahAbhArata vaizampAyanajI ne sunAyA, isa itihAsa kA dUsarA nAma "jaya" bhI hai| vedoM kI jisa taraha saMhitA rahatI hai, usI taraha mahAbhArata kI yaha lAkhoM zlokoM kI saMhitA vyAsa maharSi ne sarvajanahitArtha nirmANa kii| tIsa lAkha zlokoM kI saMhitA svargaloka meM, paMdraha lAkha zlokoM kI saMhitA pitRloka meM caudaha lAkha zlokoM kI saMhitA yakSaloka meM aura eka lAkha zlokoM kI saMhitA manuSyaloka meM isa taraha kula milAkara sATha lAkha (60,00,000) zlokoM kI racanA vyAsa maharSi ne kI hai| devaloka yAne svarga meM nArada ne devoM ko, pitRloka meM devala RSi ne pitaroM ko, yakSaloka meM zukrAcArya ne yakSoM ko aura manuSya loka meM vaizampAyanajI ne manuSyoM ko pahale pahala yaha racanA sunaaii| 124 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa TippaNI prastuta graMtha ke purANa-itihAsa viSayaka prakaraNa meM graMthoM ke vistAra Adi bahiraMga kA paricaya pradhAnatA se diyA hai| samasta purANa vAGmaya kathAoM kA mahAsAgara hai| unake aMtaraMga kA paricaya kathAoM dvArA denA ucita thA kintu vibha ke kAraNa purANa kathAoM kA paricaya hamane TAlA hai| isa purANetihAsAntargata kathA vAGmaya kA paricaya ekamAtra mahAbhArata kI adbhuta ramya evaM rasotkaTa kathA ke paricaya se yathocita hone kI saMbhAvanA mAna kara, parvAnukrama ke anusAra atIva saMkSepa meM dI hai| (lekhaka saMpAdaka) - For Private and Personal Use Only

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19 "itihAsa viSayaka avAntara vAGmaya'' bhArata ke itihAsa viSayaka vAGmaya kA mUlasrota anya viSayoM ke samAna vedoM evaM purANoM meM milatA hai| tathApi rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ko aitihAsika vAGmaya ke Adi graMtha kahanA ucita hogaa| kAvyAtmaka itihAsa varNana karane kI yaha Arya paraMparA saMskRta vAGmaya ke kSetra meM avirata cala rahI hai| navazikSita samAja meM yaha bhrama phailA hai ki saMskRta vAGmaya meM itihAsa viSayaka jAnakArI dene vAle graMthoM kA pramANa nahIM ke barAbara hai| paraMtu tathya to yaha hai ki prAcIna bhArata ke kevala itihAsa kA hI nahIM api tu sampUrNa prAcIna saMskRti kA Akalana saMskRta vAGmaya ke adhyayana se hI ho sakatA hai| "itihAsa-purANAbhyAM vedaM samupadvhayet' ityAdi Adeza yahI sUcita karate haiN| prAcIna manISI itihAsa ke adhyayana ko vedAdhyayana ke samAna mahattva dete the| chAndogya upaniSada meM itihAsa purANa graMthoM ko "paMcama veda" kahA hai| kauTilya ne apane arthazAstra meM bhI itihAsa ke adhyayana kA mahattva pratipAdana kiyA hai| musalamAnI zAsana ke pradIrgha kAla meM isa rASTra meM sarvakaSa vidhvaMsa hotA rahA; jisameM anya saMskRta graMthoM ke sAtha itihAsa viSayaka mahattvapUrNa graMthoM kA bhI vidhvaMsa huA hogaa| tathApi samprati upalabdha itihAsa viSayaka graMthoM kI saMkhyA upekSaNIya nahIM hai| rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata ke pazcAt itihAsa viSayaka jo mahattvapUrNa kAvyAtmaka graMtha milate haiM, unakI saMkSipta nAmAvalI nimna prakAra hai: itihAsa graMtha lekhaka samaya harSacarita bANabhaTTa I.7 vIM zatI hammIra vaMzakAvya nayacaMdrasUri I. 10 vIM zatI rAjataraMgiNI kalhaNa I. 10 va 12 vIM zatI vikramAMkadevacarita bilhaNa I. 10 va 12 vIM zatI kumArapAlacarita jayasiMhasUri I. 10 va 12 vIM zatI navasAhasAMkacarita padmagupta pRthIrAja vijaya jayAnaka kIrtikaumudI somezvara rAmacarita saMdhyAkaranaMdI ballAlacarita AnaMda bhaTTa prabandhacintAmaNi merutuMga caturviMzatiprabandha rAjazekhara raghunAthAbhyudaya gaMgAdhara sAluvAbhyudaya raghunAtha DiMDima kamparAyacarita gaMgAdevI / ityAdi isa prakAra se aitihAsika mahattva ke vividha kAvyagraMtha bhArata ke anyAnya pradezoM nirmANa hue| una graMthoM kA nirdeza prastuta koza meM yathAsthAna huA hai| musalamAnI zAsanakAla meM phArasI ko rAjabhASA kA mahattva prApta hone ke kAraNa usa bhASA meM itihAsa viSayaka sAmagrI adhika mAtrA meM milanA svAbhAvika hai; paraMtu usa kAla meM bhI saMskRta vAGmaya kI strotasvinI khaMDita nahIM huI thii| usa kAla ke kucha graMthoM kA aitihAsika mahattva upekSaNIya nahIM hai| ina itihAsa viSayaka kAvyoM ke racayitA prAyaH rAjAzrita vidvAna hote the| bhArata meM dIrghakAla taka musalamAnoM kA Adhipatya rhaa| usa kAla meM musalamAna zAsanakartAoM ke viSaya meM kucha stutipara saMskRta graMtha likhe gaye jinameM tatkAlIna itihAsa kA kucha aMza vyakta huA hai| musalamAna sulatAnoM evaM bAdazAhoM ke Azrita itihAsa lekhakoM ne apanI bhASA meM tatkAlIna aitihAsika vRtAnta bharapUra pramANa meM likha rakhA hai| usa vRttAnta ke pUraka graMthoM meM kucha ullekhaniya saMskRta graMtha nimna prakAra haiN| asaphalavilAsa : le. paMDita rAja jgnnaath| I. 17 vIM shtii| viSaya : AsaphakhAna nAmaka saradAra (jo jagannAtha paMDita kA mitra thA) kA guNavarNana / __ jagadAbharaNa : le. paMDitarAja jgnnaath| viSaya : dArAzikoha kA guNavarNana sUktisundara : le. sundrdev| I. 17 vIM shtii| isa subhASita saMgraha meM akabara, muz2akkarazAha, nijAmazAha, zAhajahAM ityAdi musalamAna zAsakoM kI stuti ke zloka saMgRhIta kie haiN| sarvadezavRttAntasaMgraha : le. maheza tthkkur| darabhaMgA nivaasii| jahAMgIra bAdazAha kA crit| birudAvalI : le. ajnyaat| viSaya : jahAMgIra bAdazAha kA caritra / saMskRta kaGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 125. For Private and Personal Use Only

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rASTroDhavaMza : le. rudrkvi| 20 srg| viSaya : bAgula rAjavaMza kA vRttAnta / / rAjavinoda kAvya : le. udayarAja kvi| sAta srg| viSaya : gujarAta ke sulatAna begaDA mahaMmada kA caritra / 17 vIM zatI meM mahArASTra meM zivAjI mahArAja ke samartha netRtva meM, svataMtra hiMdurAjya kA krAMtiyuddha zuru huaa| mahArASTra evaM bhArata ke itihAsa meM mahatvapUrNa rAjakIya parivartana kA yuga 17 vIM zatI se prAraMbha huaa| isa kAlakhaMDa ke itihAsa ke jJAna ke lie jinakA adhyayana Avazyaka hai aise mahattvapUrNa graMtha : parNAlaparvatagrahaNAkhyAnam: - le. jayarAma piNDye zambhurAjacarita : - le. harikavi (sUrata nivAsI) rAjArAmacarita : - le. kezava paMDita / zivakAvya : - le. puruSottama kavi alaMkAramaMjUSA : - le. devazaMkara purohita (isameM mAdhavarAva aura raghunAtharAva pezavA ke caritra kA varNana alaMkAroM ke udAharaNArtha kavi ne kiyA hai| taMjaura ke bhosale rAjavaMza ke itihAsa para AdhArita kAvya graMtha kosalabhosalIyam : le. zeSAcalapati (aaNdhrpaannini)| isa dvayarthI kAvya meM kosalAdhipati prabhu rAmacaMdra aura taMjaura nareza ekojI (zahAjI bhosale kA putra) ke caritra varNita haiN| bhosalavaMzAvalI : - le. gaMgAdhara bhosalavaMzAvalI campU : - le. naidhRva veMkaTeza (taMjauranareza prathama saraphojI kA caritra) zRMgAramaMjarI zAhajIyam (nATaka) : - le. periya ayyA dIkSita kAMtimatIpariNayaH - le. cokkanAtha zAhendravilAsa : - le. zrIdhara veMkaTeza zAhavilAsagItam : - le. DhuMDhirAja zAharAjIyama : - le. lakSmaNa zAharAjasabhA sarovarNinI : - le. lakSmaNa dharmavijayacampU : - le. bhUminAtha (nallA) diikssit| viSaya : zahAjI rAjA kA caritra sumatIndrajaya ghoSaNA : - le. sumticndr| viSaya : zahAjI rAjA kA stavana zAhajiprazasti : - le. bhAskara kavi zarabharAjavilAsa : - le. jagannAtha (kaavlvNshiiy)| viSaya : saraphojI bhosale kA caritra guNaratnAkara : - le. narasiMha kvi| viSaya : saraphojI bhosale kA alaMkAraniSTha caritra zarabhojicarita : - le. anantanArAyaNa zarabhojimahArAjajAtaka : - le. ajJAta sAhityamaMjUSA : - le. sdaaji| I. 1825 / viSaya : zivAjI mahArAja kA caritra evaM bhosale vaMza kA itivRtt| isI paraMparA ke aMtargata aMgrejI zAsana ke prAraMbhakAla meM, rAnI vhikToriyA, eDavarDa, paMcama jaoNrja ina AMgla prazAsakoM ke viSaya bhI kucha kAvya likhe gaye : AMgrejacandrikA : - le. vinAyaka bhtttt| I. 19 vIM shtii| rAjAMglamahodyAnam : - le. rAmasvAmI AMglasAmrAjyamahAkAvya : - le. e.Ara. raajvrmaa| trivAMkura nivaasii| AMglAdhirAjyasvAgata : - le. veNkttnaathaacaary| vizAkhApaTanam ke nivAsI gItabhAratam : - trailokyamohana guh| sarga saMkhyA 21 / viSaya : AMglasAmrAjya evaM mahArAnI vhikToriyA vhikToriyAcarita saMgraha : - le. keralavarma valiyakvaila vhikToriyAmAhAtmya : - le. rAjA surendramohana Taigora 126 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra dillImahotsavakAvya : vijayanIkAvya : le. zrIzvara vidyAlaMkAra bhaTTAcArya sarga 12 le. zrIzvara vidyAlaMkAra bhaTTAcArya sarga 6 le. zivarAma pANDe / prayAga nivaasii| isI lekhaka ne eDavarDa zokaprakAzam nAmaka anya 1910 meM likhA hai| eDavarDa rAjyAbhiSeka daravAram kAvya eDavarDa ke nidhana nimitta I. eDavarDavaMzam dillIprabhA - : www.kobatirth.org le. vemUrti zrInivAsa zAstrI / viSaya: 1911 ke dillI darabAra kA varNana le. zatAvadhAnI zivarAma zAstrI - rAjarAjezvarasya rAjasUyazakti ratnAvalI : le. Izvaracandra zarmA / kalakattA nivaasii| I. 1909 kampanI - pratApa maNDanam le. ajJAta rAnI vhikToriyA tathA eDavarDa bAdazAha ke viSaya meM likhita kAvyoM kI apekSA paMcama jArja ke viSaya meM likhe gaye kAvyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| inameM ullekhanIya hai Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jaoNrjadevacaritam H le. padyanAbha zAstrI : zrIraMgapaTTana nivaasii| (2) lkssmnnsuurii| jaoNrja vaMzam : - le. ke. esa. ayyAsvAmI ayyara / jaoNrja mahArAjavijayamle kocA narasiMha cAlu dillIsAmrAjyamle zivarAma pAMDe / / jaoNrjAbhiSekadarabAra : le. zivarAma pAMDe (prayAga nivaasii)| uttamajaoNrjajAyasI kumbhakoNa nivaasii| ratnamAlikA le. esa. zrInivAsAcArya jaoNrjaprazasti : - le. bhaTTanAtha svAmI (vishaakhaapttttnvaasii)| (2) le. lAlamaNi zarmA (murAdAbAdavAsI) I : yaduvRddhasauhArdam : le. e. gopAlacArya viSaya AThaveM eDavarDa kA strInimitta rAjyatyAga / zloka 600 / ina AMgla prazAsaka viSayaka graMthoM kA aitihAsika mahattva Aja vizeSa nahIM hai, kintu yathAkAla vaha mahattva baDhate jAegA / aitihAsika vAGmaya meM bhUtakAlIna rAjA mahArAjAoM tathA unake vaMzAnucarita para AdhArita sAhitya ko jitanA mahattva hai utanA hI bhUtakAlIna sAdhusaMta evaM AcAryoM ke caritra viSayaka kAvyoM ko bhI denA caahie| saMskRta vAGmaya meM yaha paraMparA mahAkavi azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita nAmaka zreSTha mahAkAvya se pravartita huii| isa paramparA meM ullekhanIya kAvya : : zaMkaravijaya le. AnaMdagiri (arthAt svAmI vidyAraNya ) / jagadaguru zrI zaMkarAcArya ke caritra para AdhArita graMtha bRhatzaMkaravijaya le citsukhAcArya : / ( yA anantAnaMdagiri) / zaMkaravijaya le. vidyAzaMkarAnaMda / saMkSepazaMkaravijaya le. mAdhavAcArya zaMkarAcAryacarita : le. goviMdanAtha / zaMkarAcAryadigvijaya : le. vallIsahAya / zaMkaradigvijayasAra le. sadAnanda / zaMkarA H le. rAjacUDAmaNi diikssit| I. 17 vIM zatI / guruparamparAprabhAva: le. vijayarAghavAcArya (Apa tirupati devasthAna ke zilAlekhAdhikArI the) / zaMkaraguru-carita-saMgraha : le. paMcapAgeza shaastrii| Apa kumbhakoNa ke zAMkaramaTha meM adhyApaka the| mAdhvasaMpradAyI sAdhu purUSoM ke caritra para AdhArita kAvya : le. satyanAthavilasitam : le. zrInivAsa / satyanAthAbhyudayam le. zeSAcArya / satyanAthamAhAtmyaratnAkara : le. ajJAta / ina tInoM graMthoM meM mAdhvasaMpradAyI zrI satyanAthatIrtha kA caritra varNita huA 1 hai zrIsatyanAthatIrthaM san 1644 meM samAdhistha hue mAdhya saMpradAya ke anya AcAryoM ke caritra vizvapriyaguNavilAsaH le. setumAdhava rAghavendra vijaya le. nArAyaNa kavi satyanidhivilAsa le. zrInivAsakavi satyabodhavijaya le. kRSNakavi seturAja vijaya : le. ajJAta / 1 1 zrIrAmAnujAcArya ke caritra para AdhArita graMtha rAmAnujacaritakulakam le rAmAnujadAsa rAmAnujavijaya : le. aNNaiyAcArya zrIbhASyakAracarita le. kauzikavekaTeza zrIzailakula vaibhava le. nRsiMhari yatIndracampU le bakulAbharaNa ina graMthoM ke atirikta rAmAnujadivyacarita, rAmAnujIya aura rAmAnujacarita nAmaka graMtha upalabdha haiM jinake lekhaka ajJAta haiN| : : divyasUricarita : le. garuDavAhana aura prapannAmRta le anntaacaary| ina do graMthoM meM dakSiNabhArata ke AlavAra nAmaka 12 vaiSNava saMtoM ke caritra varNana kiye hai| For Private and Personal Use Only I jaina sAhitya meM satpuruSaviSayaka caritragraMtha ina graMthoM kI saMkhyA bharapUra hai, aura unakA aitihAsika mahattva nirvivAda hai| sukRtasaMkIrtanaH le. Thakkura arisiMha / I. 14 vIM zatI viSaya gujarAta ke rAjanItijJa amAtya vastupAla (I. 13 vIM zatI) kA caritra / sarga 11 / vasantavilAsa : le. bAlacaMdrasUri / I. 14 vIM zatI / viSaya amAtya vastupAla kA caritra / sarga 14 vastupAla kA anya nAma vasantapAla thaa| kumArapAla bhUpAlacarita : le. jayasiMhasUri / viSaya: gujarAta vIra nareza (I. 13 vIM zatI) kumArapAla kA caritra kumArapAlacarita le caritrasuMdara gaNi (aparanAma caritrabhUSaNa I. 15 vIM shtii)| vastupAlacarita le jinadagaNi I. 15 vIM zatI hammIramahAkAvya le. jayacandrasUri I. 15 vIM zatI viSaya cauhAnavaMzIya nareza hammIra aura dillI ke bAdazAha alAuddIna ke bIca huA aitihAsika yuddha / sarga 14 / zloka 1564 / : saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 127

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jagaDUcarita : le. srvaannd| guru dhanaprabhasUri / I. 15 vIM shtii| 7 sargoM ke isa kAvya meM prasiddha jaina zrAvaka jagaDUzAha kA caritra varNita hai| suprasiddha jaina vidvAna hemacandrAcArya ne prabandha nAma eka viziSTa sAhitya prakAra kA sUtrapAta jaina vAGmaya kSetra meM kiyaa| usakA anukaraNa karate hue aneka prabandha graMtha likhe gye| ina jaina prabandho meM tIrthakArAdika prAcIna dharmapuruSoM ke atirikta rAjAmahArAjA, seTha aura muniyoM ke saMbaMdha meM kathA kahAniyoM kA saMgraha milatA hai, jinameM dharmatattvopadeza ke sAtha madhyakAlIna itihAsa kI bharapUra sAmagrI milatI hai| aise prabandho meM ullekhanIya kucha mahatvapUrNa graMtha : prabandhAvali : le. jinbhdr| I. 14 vIM shtii| isameM 40 gadya prabandha haiM jo adhikAMzataH gujarAta, rAjasthAna, mAlavA aura vArANasI se saMbaMdhita aitihAsika vyaktiyoM aura ghaTanAoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| prabhAvakacarita : le. merutuMgasUri / racanA samaya saM 1361 isameM vIrasUri, zAntisUri, mahendrasUri, sUrAcArya, abhayadevAcArya, vIradevagaNi, devasUri aura hemacandra sUri ye ATha saMta gujarAta ke cAlukyoM ke samaya aNahilapATana meM vidyamAna the| ina mahApuruSoM ke sAtha bhoja bhIma (prathama) siddharAja aura kumArapAla jaise rAjAoM kI prasaMga kathAeM dI gayI haiN| isa kRti meM gujarAta se lekara baMgAla taka pUre uttara bhArata kA paryavekSaNa kiyA hai| kalpapradIpa (yA vividha tIrthakalpa) : le. jinprbhuusuuri| isakA kucha aMza jaina mahArASTrI bhASA meM likhA hai| 60 kalpoM ke isa graMtha meM gujarAta, saurASTra, uttarapradeza, rAjasthAna, mAlavA, paMjAba, avadha, bihAra, mahArASTra, vidarbha, karnATaka aura AMdhrapradeza ke tIrthoM ke varNanoM ke sAtha bharapUra aitihAsika jAnakArI milatI hai| saM 1081 meM mahamUda gajanI ke gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| usakA ullekha tathA samagra sAhitya isa graMtha meM milatA hai| prabandhakoza (yA caturvizati prabandha) : le. raajshekhr| guru tilksuuri| isa graMtha kI racanA saM 1405 meM dillI meM huii| isameM 10 jaina AcAryoM, 4 kaviyoM, 7 rAjAoM tathA 3 rAjamAnya puruSoM ke caritroM dvArA itihAsopayogI bharapUra sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai| purAtana prabandhasaMgraha : le. ajJAta / isameM 66 se adhika prabandhoM kA saMgraha hai| samaya I. 15 vIM zatI / muni jinavijayajI dvArA prakAzita / pravacanaparIkSA : le. dharmasAgara upaadhyaay| isameM cAvaDA, cAlukya aura bagheloM kI vaMzAvaliyAM dI gaI haiN| nAbhInandanoddhAra prabandha : (yA zatrujaya tIrthoddhAra prabandha) : le. kkksuuri| guru siddhasUri / I. 15 vIM shtii| isameM tugalaka rAjavaMza tathA gujarAta ke aMtima mahAjana samarAzAha ke saMbaMdha meM mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| mugala zAsana ke kucha aitihAsika tathyoM kI bharapUra jAnakArI padmasundarakRta pArzvanAtha kAvya, rAyamallAbhyudaya, akabarazAhI zRMgAradarpaNa meM tathA karmavaMzotkIrtana kAvya, hIrasaubhAgya mahAkAvya zAnticaMdrakRta kRpArasakoza, siddhicaMdrakRta bhAnucaMdragaNicarita, hemavijaya gaNikRta vijayaprazasti mahAkAvya, zrIvallabha upAdhyAyakRta vijayadevamAhAtmya, meghavijaya gaNikRta vijayadevamAhAtmya vivaraNa, digvijaya zavya evaM devAnaMda mahAkAvya ityAdi jaina kAvyagraMthoM me mukhya varNanIya viSayoM ke sAtha AnuSaMgika rIti se prApta hotI hai jisase mUla bAdazAha ke vyavahAra kA paricaya milatA hai| vaidika vAGmaya meM "nArAzaMsI gAthA" arthAt prasiddha vIroM kI prazaMsA ke sUtroM kA ullekha prasiddha haiN| inhIM gAthAoM se vIra nareza ke parAkrama kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana karane kI paraMparA kA prAraMbha mAnA jAtA hai| isI kAvyapraNAlI meM AlaMkArika zailI meM itihAsa prasiddha vyaktiyoM kI prazastiyAM nirmANa huI jinase bhAratIya itihAsa ke saMyojana ke lie bahuta sI sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| samudragupta ke saMbaMdha meM ilAhAbAda ke staMbhapara utkIrNa, hariSeNakRta prazasti, mandasaura ke sUryamaMdira kI vatsabhaTTikRta prazasti, giranAra zilAlekhoM ke rUpa meM prApta rudradAman kI prazasti evaM siddhasena divAkarakRta guNavacana dvatriMzikA nAmaka caMdragupta (dvitIya) kI prazasti ityAdi prazastisvarUpa kAvyoM kA bhArata ke itihAsa meM atyaMta mahattva mAnA gayA hai| aneka prazastiyAM sthApatya se saMbaddha haiM, jinameM sthApatya nirmAtA yA dAtA ke vRtAnta ke sAtha tatkAlIna rAjA se saMbaMdhita vRtAnta upalabdha hotA hai| sthApatya prazastiyoM ke samAna granthoM ke prAraMbha meM yA aMtima puSpikAoM meM athavA adhyAya samApti meM jo graMtha prazastiyAM upalabdha hotI haiM unameM mahanIya graMthakAroM ke saMbaMdha meM mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| prazastisvarUpa kAvyoM meM udayaprabha sUrikRta sukRtakIrtikallellinI, jayasiMhasUrikRta vastupAla-tejapAla prazasti, naracandra, narendraprabha, yazovIra aura arisiMha Thakkura drArA likhita vastupAla kI prazastiyAM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| isI prakAra muni jinavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita jainapustaka prazastisaMgraha, amRtalAla maganalAla zAha dvArA saMpAdita prazastisaMgraha (bhAga 2), ke, bhujabatI zAstrI dvArA saMpAdita prazastisaMgraha, paramAnanda zAstrI kRta jainagraMtha prazastisaMgraha aura kastUracaMdra kAsalIvAla dvArA saMpAdita prazastisaMgraha graMtha tathA graMthakAroM kI prazastiyAM mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI kI dRSTi se aitihAsika vAGmaya meM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| muni darzanavijaya, muni jinavijaya paMcakalyANavijayagaNi ityAdi vidvAnoM ne jainadharma ke saMghoM kI guru-ziSya paraMparA kA 128 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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likhI gayIM, jina (I-13 vIM zatI) kRta zatAmAlAstavana, zIlavijayakA prAcIna jaina AcAryoM paricaya dene vAlI "paTTAvaliyoM' evaM 'gurvAvaliyoM' ke saMgraha prakAzita kie haiN| inameM saMgRhIta paTTAvalI tathA gurvAvali se zvetAMbara tathA digaMbara sampradAya ke vidvAna AcAryo kI akhaMDIta paraMparA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| ataH inakA aitihAsika mahattva nirvivAda hai| aitihAsika nagaroM evaM tIrthakSetroM kA paricaya purANoM evaM mahAkAvyoM meM milatA hai| jaina vAGmaya meM isI viSaya para tIrthamAlAeM likhI gayIM, jinameM tIrthakSetroM aura unakI padayAtrA karane vAle mahAnubhAvoM kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra ke aitihAsika vAGmaya meM dhanezvara sUri (I-13 vIM zatI) kRta zatrujaya mAhAtmya, madanakIrti kRta zAsana-catustriMziMkA, jinaprabhUsarikRta vividhatIrthakalpa, mahendrasUrikRta tIrthamAlA prakaraNa, evaM dharmaghoSa kRta tIrthamAlAstavana, zIlavijayakRta tIrthamAlA, aura jJAnasAgarakRta tIrthAvalI ityAdi ullekhanIya haiN| vijayadharma sUri ne prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha prakAzita karAyA hai| prAcIna jaina AcAryoM meM "vijJaptipatra" likhane kI paddhati thii| inameM kucha saMskRta meM likhe gaye haiN| ina patroM ke rUpa meM vinayavijayakRta indudUta, vijayAmRtasUrikRta mayUradUta, meghavijaya kRta samasyAlekha tathA cetodUta jaise manohara khaMDAkAvya mile haiN| vijJapti patroM meM sundarasUri dvArA apane guru devasundarasUri ko likhA huA tridazataMragiNI, jayasAgaragaNi ne apane guru jinabhadrasUri ko likhA huA vijJapti-triveNI, vinayAvijaya kA indudUta yAne unhoMne apane guru vijayaprabhasUsira kI likhA huA vijJaptipatra hai| vijayAvijaya tathA anya vijJaptipatra vijayAnaMdasUri tathA vijayadeva sUri ke prati bheje the| DaoN. hIrAnanda zAstrI ke "enzanTa vijJapti patrA" nAmaka saMgraha meM 24 vijJapti patroM kA paricaya diyA hai jina meM 6 saMskRta meM hai| prAcIna kAla meM zilA, stambha, tAmrapaTa kASThapaTTiyAM, kapar3A Adi para rAjAoM kI birudAvaliyAM, saMgrAmavijaya, vaMzaparicaya tathA rAjanItika zAsanapatra, utkIrNa karane kI paddhati thii| prAcIna itihAsa kI jAnakArI ke lie isa prakAra ke "abhilekha sAhitya" kA mahattva nirvivAda mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke abhilekhoM meM kaliMga-nareza khAravela kA hAthIguMphA zilAlekha (I.pU.prathama-dvitIya zatI) ravikIrticarita, cAlukya pulakezi dvitIya kA zilAlekha (I.7 vIM zatI) kakkuka kA ghaTiyAla prastalekha (I.10 vIM zatI) hathuDI ke dhavala rASTrakUTa kA bIjApuralekha (I. 10 vIM zatI) vijayakIrti munikRta siMgra kachavAhA kA dudhakuNDa lekha, (I.11 vIM zatI) jayaMmagala sUri viracita cAyiMga cAhamAna kA sundhAdrilekha, amoghavarSa kA konara zilAlekha, malli-SeNa prazasti, sudaha, madanUra, kulacumbaru aura lakSmezvara Adi se prApta lekha saMskRta bhASIya gadya tathA padya kAvya ke acche udAharaNa mAne jAte haiN| isa prakAra ke saikar3oM abhilekhoM kA saMpAdana, prakAzana, parIkSaNa karane kA kArya jemsa prinsepa, janarala kaniMgahaeNma, rAjendralAla mitra, I. hulza, je.epha. phlITa, luI rAIsa, gerino, bhagavAnalAla indrajI, rAkhAladAsa bainarjI, kAzIprasAda jAyasvAla, veNImAdhava baruA, zazikAnta jaina, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, padmabhUSaNa DaoN. vA. vi. mirAzI, vijaya mUrtizAstrI, pUraNa candra nAhara, DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApUrakara, DaoN. gulAba caudharI, ityAdi vidvAnoM dvArA huA hai| epigrAphikA iMDikA, iMDiyana eNTikverI, jarnala oNpha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha, jaisI patrikAeM evaM graMthoM ke vividha khaMDoM meM ina abhilekhoM kA prakAzana ho cukA hai| saMskRta bhASA ke aitihAsika vAGmaya meM isa prakAra ke sAhitya kA, ajJAta jAnakArI ko jAnane kI dRSTi se, atyaMta mahattva hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 129 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa - 5 nyAya-vaizeSika darzana 1 "nyAya darzana" bhAratIya Astika darzanoM meM nyAyadarzana ko agrasthAna diyA jAtA hai : gautamasya kaNAdasya kapilasya ptNjleH| vyAsasya jaiminezcApi darzanAni SaDeva hi / / isa suprasiddha zloka meM SaDdarzanoM ke pravartakoM kI gaNanA meM nyAyazAstra ke sUtrakAra gautama kA nirdeza sarvaprathama kiyA hai| nyAyazAstra kA mahattva pratipAdana karate hue nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana kahate haiM : pradIpaH sarvavidyAnAm upAyaH srvkrmnnaam| AzrayaH sarvadharmANAM vidyoddeze prkiirtitaa|| (yaha nyAyavidyA anya vidyAoM ko prakAzita karane vAlA pradIpa hai| sAre karmoM kI yuktAyuktatA jAnane kA upAya hai aura sabhI dharmoM kA Azraya hai)| "pramANaiH arthaparIkSaNaM nyAyaH" yaha nyAyazAstra kA prathama mUlasUtra hai jisa ke AdhAra para, parIkSA karate hue, usakI satyAtyatA nirdhArita karanA, isa zAstra kA prayojana hai| jo vicAra nyAya ke siddhAntoM ke anusAra siddha nahIM hotA vaha aprAmANika hone se sarvathA agrAhya mAnane kI buddhivAdI vidvAnoM kI paraMparA hone se, isa zAstra kA mahattva paraMparAgata adhyayana kI paddhati meM vizeSa mAnA jAtA hai| "pramANairarthaparIkSaNaM nyAyaH" isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra nyAyazAstra ko pramANazAstra pramANavidyA, hetuvidyA bhI kahA gayA hai| maharSi gautama isa zAstra ke Adya sUtrakAra haiM, tathApi isakA astitva unase prAcIna kAla meM bhI thaa| chAMdogya upaniSada meM aneka zAstroM kI nAmAvali meM "vAkovAkyam" nAmaka zAstra kA ullekha milatA hai| zrI zaMkarAcAryajI ne "vAkovAkya" kA artha diyA hai tarkazAstra arthAt nyaayshaastr| ina nAmoM ke atirikta isa zAstra kA aura eka nAma hai, "aanviikssikii"| kauTilya ne apane arthazAstra meM rAjapuruSoM ke lie AnvIkSikI, trayI, vArtA aura daNDanIti ina cAra vidyAoM kA adhyayana Avazyaka batAyA hai| ina cAroM vidyAoM meM AnvIkSikI kA vizeSa mahattva batAte hue arthazAstrakAra kauTilya kahate haiM : "balAbale caitAsAM hetubhiranvIkSamANA AnvIkSikI lokasya upakaroti, vyasane abhyudaye ca buddhim avasthApayati, prajJAvaizAradyaM ca kroti'| arthAta yaha AnvIkSikI vidyA, trayI (veda), vArtA (arthavANijyAdi vyavahAra zAstra) aura daNDanIti (rAjanIti zAstra) ina tIna vidyAoM ke balAbala kI parIkSA karane vAlI, saMkaTa meM aura abhyudaya kAla meM buddhi ko sthira rakhane vAlI aura buddhi ko sateja karane vAlI hone ke kAraNa, vizeSa mahattva rakhatI hai| kauTilya ne nyAyazAstra ke artha meM hI "AnvIkSikI" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| nyAyazAstra ke vikAsa meM khaNDana-maNDana kI paramparA dikhAI detI hai| mautama ke nyAyasUtra se isa zAstra kA prAraMbha hotA hai| isa prathama graMtha meM hI bauddha siddhAntoM kA khaNDana sUcita karane vAle kucha sUtra mAne gaye hai| paraMtu nyAyasUtra kA bauddhamata se prAcInatva kucha vidvAna mAnate haiN| unake matAnusAra, sabase pUrva gautama ke adhyAtma-pradhAna nyAyasUtra kI racanA huI hai| usake bAda akSapAda ne usakA navIna saMskaraNa kiyA aura bauddha yuga meM unase kucha prakSepa aura parivardhana hokara hI nyAyazAstra ko vartamAna svarupa prApta huA hai| nyAyasUtrakAra gautama kA samaya I. pU. chaThI tathA cauthI zatAbdI mAnA jAne ke kAraNa yaha vicAra rakhA gyaa| i.pU. dUsarI zatI meM vAtsyAyana ne nyAyasUtroM kA vistRta bhASya likhaa| isa bhASya meM pratipAdita bauddha mata ke pratikUla vicAroM kA khaNDana bauddhadArzanika diGnAgAcArya ne apane pramANa samuccaya meM kiyaa| vasubandhu aura nAgArjuna ne bhI bauddhamata virodhI vicAroM kA khaMDana karane kA prayatna kiyaa| I. chaThI zatAbdI meM udyotakarAcArya ne vAtsyAyana ke nyAyabhASya para nyAyavArtika kI racanA kii| isa meM diGnAgAdi bauddha naiyAyikoM ne Atmatattva ke virodha meM jo prabala tarka upasthita kiye the, unakA prakhara khaMDana udyotakarAcArya ne kiyaa| bauddha aura vaidika nyAyazAstriyoM ke khaNDana-maNDana meM AtmA aura Izvara kA astitva yaha pramukha vivAdya viSaya thaa| udyotakara dvArA prastuta toM kA khaMDana karane kA prayAsa dharmakIrti Adi kucha bauddha paMDitoM dvArA huaa| unakA khaNDana suprasiddha bhASyakAra vAcaspati mizra (9 vIM zatI) ne apanI nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA meM kiyaa| 9 vIM zatI meM jayaMta bhaTTa ne nyAyasUtra para nyAyamaMjarI nAmaka graMtha likhA, jisameM cArvAka, bauddha, mImAMsaka aura vedAntavAdI vidvAnoM ke nyAyavirodhI yuktivAdoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| isI zatAbdI meM bhAsarvajJa ne "nyAyasAra" nAmaka mahattvapUrNa graMtha likhaa| dasavIM zatI meM udayanAcArya ne 130 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAraNa udayanAcArya kRta apohanAma-prakAra dvArA unhoMne, kalyAgatavAda ta kA prazikakRta "nyAyavArtikatAtparya-TIkA-parizuddhi" likhakara vAcaspati mizra kI tAtparya-TIkA ke virodha meM bauddha paMDitoM dvArA, prastuta yuktiyoM kA khaNDana kiyaa| 9 vIM zatI meM bauddha dArzanika kalyANarakSita ne apanI Izvara-bhaMgakArikA meM IzvarAstitva virodhI aneka yuktivAda prastuta kiye the| una saba kA khaMDana udayanAcArya ne "kusumAMjali'' graMtha meM kiyaa| apane Atmatatvaviveka dvArA unhoMne, kalyANarakSita kRta anyApohavicArakArikA, aura zrutiparIkSA tathA dharmottarAcArya (I. 9 vIM zatI) kRta apohanAma-prakaraNa evaM kSaNabhaMgasiddhi ina granthoM meM pratipAdita nAstika vicAroM kA khaMDana kiyaa| isI kAraNa udayanAcArya kA Atmatattvaviveka graMtha "bauddhadhikkAra" isa vaiziSTyapUrNa nAma se prasiddha hai| udayanAcArya dvArA bauddhamatoM kA pUrNatayA nirmUlana hone ke kAraNa, nyAyazAstra ke vikAsa meM sadiyoM se calI naiyAyika aura bauddhoM kI khaMDana-maNDana kI paraMparA kuNThita huii| khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka grantha lekhana kI paraMparA anya kSetroM meM bhI dikhAI detI hai| prAcIna kAla meM dakSiNa bhArata meM zaiva-vaiSNavoM kA matavirodha prasiddha hai| Adhunika kAla meM bhI vaha vAGmayIna kSetra meM jArI hai| I. 14 vIM zatI meM hukkerI (karnATaka) ke basava nAyaka ne zivatattva-ratnAkara nAmaka graMtha likhaa| saMgAMtagaMgAdharakAra naMjarAja (maisUra nivAsI) ne zaiva-tattvajJAna viSayaka 18 grantha likhe| tyAgarAja makhI (rAjazAstrigala) ne zivAdvaita viSayaka nyAyenduzekhara kI racanA kii| ina graMthoM meM pratipAdita zaivamata ke khaMDanArtha "rAmanADanivAsI veMkaTeza ne viSNutattvanirNaya (apara nAma triMzatazlokI) graMtha likha kara vaiSNavamata kA maMDana kiyaa| usakA khaMDana karane ke hetu appayya dIkSita (18 vIM zatI) ne vimata-bhaMjanam graMtha likhA, jisameM unhoneM tyAgarAjamakhI ke zivAdvaita mata kA samarthana kiyaa| kisI rAmazAstrI ne navakoTI nAmaka graMtha meM zaivasiddhAnta kA maMDana kiyA, usakA khaMDana aNNaMgarAcArya zeSa ne "dazakoTI" nAmaka graMtha dvArA hiyaa| kisI mahAdeva paMDita ne prapaMcAmRtasAra nAmaka graMtha meM rAmAnuja evaM mAdhava mata kA khaMDana karate hue advaita mata kA pratipAdana kiyaa| kaMdADa appakoMDAcArya ne advaitavirodhI tathA vaiSNava viziSTAdvaitavAdI sATha graMtha likhe| campakezvara ne zAMkara aura mAdhva mata ke virodhI "vAdArthamAlA" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| vedAntadezika kRta zatadUSaNI ke khaMDanArtha AndAna zrInivAsa ne "sahasrakiraNI' kI racanA kii| prasthAnatrayI ke suprasiddha bhASyakAra AcAryoM ke bhASya granthoM meM yaha khaNDana-maNDana kI praNAlI dikhAI detI hai, jisakA anukaraNa uparinirdiSTa zaiva-vaiSNavoM ke graMthoM meM huA hai| isa praNAlI kA mUla nyAyazAstra ke itihAsa meM milatA hai| astu!! akSapAda gautama (yA gotama) ke nyAyasUtra para I. 17 vIM zatI meM kucha ullekhanIya TIkA graMtha likhe gaye :lekhaka TIkAgraMtha rAmacandra nyaayrhsym| vizvanAtha nyAyasUtravRtti / govinda zarmA nyaaysNkssep| jayarAma nyaaysiddhaantmaalaa| nyAyadarzana meM navyanyAya kI praNAlI kA prAraMbha hone para likhI jAne ke kAraNa ina TIkAoM kA vizeSa mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| 2 "navyanyAya" I. 12 vIM zatAbdI taka sUtra-bhASya paddhati se nyAyazAstra kA adhyayana karane kI paraMparA calatI rhii| paraMtu 12 vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn naiyAyika gaMgozopAdhyAya ke tattvacintAmaNi nAmaka catuHkhaMDAtmaka mahanIya graMtha ke kAraNa yaha gatAnugatika paddhati samApta sI ho gyii| tattvacintAmaNi meM, pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda ina nyAyazAstrokta cAra pramANoM para pratyekazaH eka khaMDa likhA gayA hai| gautama ke nyAyasUtra se lekara AtmA, punarjanma, mokSa jaise AdhyAtmika viSayoM kI vistArapUrvaka carcA karane kI jo paddhati nyAyazAstra me ruDha huI thI, vaha gaMgezopAdhyAya ke graMtha ke kAraNa baMda huii| AdhyAtmikazAstra se aba nyAyazAstra pRthak sA ho gayA aura "navyanyAya' kA udaya huaa| tattvacintAmaNi kA pracAra baMgAla, tamilanADU, mahArASTra, kAzmIra jaise dUravartI pradezoM meM bhI haa| gaMgeza ke patra vardhamAna ne tattvacintAmaNi para prakAza nAmaka TIkA likhii| 13 vIM zatI meM pakSadhara mizra ne tattvacintAmaNi para Aloka nAmaka TIkA likhii| 14 vIM zatI meM navadvIpa (baMgAla) ke zreSTha naiyAyika radhunAtha ziromaNi ne tattvacintAmaNi para dIdhiti nAmaka vaiziSTyapUrNa TIkA likhI, jisameM unhoMne apane nijI abhinava siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kI hai| yaha TIkA mukhyataH anumAnakhaMDa aura zabdakhaMDa para hI hai| radhunAtha ziromaNi ke zreSTha ziSya mathurAnAtha tarkavAgIza ne tattvacintAmaNi ke cAroM khaMDoM para aura usakI dIdhiti TIkA evaM Aloka TIkA para gUDhAprakAzinI-rahasya nAmaka TIkA likhii| I. 17 vIM zatI meM jagadIza bhaTTAcArya ne anumAna khaMDa kI dIdhiti para "jAgadIzI" nAmaka savistara TIkA likhii| isake atirikta tarkAmRta aura zabdazaktiprakAzikA nAmaka do zreSTha graMtha jagadIza bhaTTAcArya ne likhe haiN| naiyAyikoM kI isa mahanIya paraMparA meM gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya (I. 17 vIM zatI) aMtima zreSTha paMDita mAne jAte haiN| inakI gAdAdharI (dIdhiti kI TIkA) tathA mUla gAdAdharI (Atmatattvaviveka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /131 For Private and Personal Use Only

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evaM tattvacintAmaNi ke kucha aMza kI TIkA) unakI vaiziSTyapUrNa kliSTa zailI ke kAraNa prasiddha hai| gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya ne likhe hue nyAyazAstra viSayaka graMthoM kI kulasaMkhyA 52 hai, jinameM vyutpattivAda aura zaktivAda vizeSa prasiddha haiN| upanirdiSTa prauDha pAMDityapUrNa TIkAtmaka graMthoM ke kAraNa nyAyazAstra meM jo durbodhatA nirmANa huI thI, usase mukta kucha subodha graMtha likhe gaye, jinameM vizvanAtha nyAyapaMcAyanana kRta bhASApariccheda, kezava mizra kRta tarkabhASA, aura annaMbhaTTa kRta tarkasaMgraha sarvatra pracalita haiN| tarkasaMgraha para rudrarAma, nIlakaNTha, mahAdeva puNatAmakara Adi kI TIkAe~ prasiddha haiN| kezavamizrakRta tarkabhASApara 14 TIkAe~ likhI gayI hai, jinameM nAgezakRta yuktimuktAvalI, vizvakarmakRta nyAyapradIpa jaisI kucha lokapriya haiN| DaoN. satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne apane "hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana laoNjika" nAmaka graMtha meM arvAcIna kAla ke kucha prasiddha naiyAyikoM ke granthoM kA parAmarza kiyA hai, jinameM 17-18 vIM zatAbdI ke lekhakoM meM harirAma tarkasiddhAnta, kRSNAnanda vAcaspati, jagannAtha tarkapaMcAnana, rAdhAmohana gosvAmI, kRSNakAnta, harirAma, gaMgArAma jaDI (jagadIza kRta tarkAmRta ke TIkAkAra), kRSNabhaTTa ArDe (gAdAdhArI ke TIkAkAra) rAmanArAyaNa, rAmanAtha ityAdi vidvAnoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 19 aura 20 vIM zatAbdI meM bhI yaha paraMparA zaMkara, zivanAtha, kRSNanAtha, zrIrAma, mAdhava, haramohana, prasannatarkaratna, rAkhAladAsa nyAyaratna, kailAzacandra ziromaNi, sItArAmazAstrI, dharmadatta, baccA jhA, vAmAcaraNa bhaTTAcArya, bAlakRSNa mizra, zaMkara tarkaratna, ityAdi prakhyAta naiyAyikoM ne akhaMDita rakhI hai| gaMgezopAdhyAya se lekara prAcIna nyAya kI paraMparA khaMDita hokara navyanyAya kA prAraMbha huA, jisakA AdhArabhUta graMtha tattvacintAmaNi karIba 300 pRSThoM kA hai paraMtu usa para likhe gaye bhASyAtmaka graMthoM kI pRSThasaMkhyA dasa lAkha se adhika mAnI jAtI hai| I. pU. cauthI zatI se I. 17 vIM zatI taka ke pradIrgha kAlakhaMDa meM nyAyazAstra para likhe gaye pramukha graMthoM kI saMkhyA 20 yA 25 se adhika nahIM paraMtu unameM carcita vicAroM meM jo sUkSmatA aura gahanatA hai, vaha sarvathA AzcaryakAraka hai| bhAratIya vicAroM kI vyApakatA rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata aura bhAgavata meM milatI hai| unakI sUkSmatA aura gahanatA nyAyazAstra ke pramukha graMthoM meM dIkhatI hai| gaMgezopAdhyAya (I. 13 vIM zatI) se pravartita navyanyAya kI paraMparA 16 vIM zatI taka mithilA meM prabhAvI thii| mithilA ke paMDita vahA~ ke nyAya graMthoM ko apane kSetra ke bAhara nahIM jAne dete the| 14 vIM zatI meM baMgAla ke suprasiddha naiyAyika vAsudeva sArvabhauma ne jayadeva (yA pakSadhara) mizra ke pAsa adhyayana karate hue tattvacintAmaNi aura nyAya-kusumAMjali ye do graMtha kaMThastha kiye aura kAzI meM raha kara unakA lekhana kiyaa| bAda meM navadvIpa meM lauTakara nyAyazAstra ke adhyayana ke lie apane nijI vidyApITha kI sthApanA kii| taba se nyAyazAstra kI maithila zAkhA khaMDita hokara, navadvIpa zAkhA pracalita huii| 16 vIM zatI se isa zAkhA ke aneka prasiddha naiyAyikoM ne pAMDityapUrNa graMthoM kI racanA kii| yathA radhunAtha ziromaNi (vAsudeva sArvabhauma ke ziSya) 16-17 vIM shtii|| graMtha - tattvaciMtAmaNidIdhiti, bauddhadhikkAra, ziromaNi, padArthatattvanirUpaNa, kiraNAvali-prakAzadIpikA, nyAyalIlAvatI, prakAzadIdhiti, avacchedakatvanirukti, khaNDanakhaNDakhAdyadIdhiti, AkhyAtavAda navAda (kula 9 grNth)| . haridAsa nyAyAlaMkAra bhaTTAcArya : (vAsudeva sArvabhauma ke ziSya)- 16-17 vIM shtii| graMtha - nyAyakusumAMjali-kArikA-vyAkhyA, tatvacintAmaNi prakAza, bhaassyaalokttippnnii| jAnakInAtha zarmA : 16-17 vIM shtii| graMtha - nyAyasiddhAntamaMjarI / kaNAdatarkavAgIza : 17 vIM shtii| grantha - maNivyAkhyA, bhASAratna, apazabdakhaMDana / rAmakRSNa bhaTTAcArya cakravartI : (raghunAtha ziromaNi ke putra) : 17 vIM zatI / grantha - guNaziromaNi-prakAza, nyaaydiipikaa| mathurAnAtha tarkavAgIza : (raghunAtha ke putra) : 17 vIM shtii| inake dvArA likhita kula 10 granthoM meM AyurvedabhAvanA ke atirikta anya sAre graMtha nyAyazAstra viSayaka haiM - tatvacintAmaNirahasya, tatvacintAmaNi-alokarahasya, dIdhitirahasya, siddhAntarahasta, kiraNAvaliprakAza-rahasya, nyAyalIlAvatIrahasya, bauddhadhikkArarahasya aura kriyAviveka aadi| kRSNadAsa sArvabhauma bhaTTAcArya : 17 vIM shtii| graMtha - tattvacintAmaNidIdhiti-prasAriNI, anumaanaalokprsaarinnii| guNAnanda vidyAvAgIza : 17 vIM shtii| graMtha - anumAna-dIdhiti-viveka, Atmatattvaviveka-dIdhitiTIkA, guNavivRttiviveka, nyAyakusumAMjali-viveka, nyAyalIlAvatI-prakAza-dIdhiti-viveka aura shbdaalokvivek| kula 6 grNth| rAmabhadrasArvabhauma : 17 vIM shtii| graMtha - dIdhitiTIkA, nyAyarahasya, guNarahasya, nyAyakusumAMjali-kArikA-vyAkhyA, padArthaviveka-prakAza, ssttckrkrm-diipikaa| (kula 6 grNth|) jagadIza tarkAlaMkAra : 17 vIM zatI / graMtha- tattvacintAmaNi-dIdhiti-prakAzikA (jAgadIzI nAma se prasiddha), tattvacintAmaNi-mayUkha, nyAyAdarza (nyAyasArAvali) zabdazaktiprakAzikA, tarkAmRta, padArtha-tatvanirNaya, nyaayliilaavtii-diidhiti-vyaakhyaa| (kula 7 graMtha / ) rudranyAyavAcaspati : 17 vIM shtii| graMtha - tattvacintAmaNi dIdhiti-parIkSA / 132 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhavanAnanda siddhAnta vAgIza : 17 vIM zatI graMtha tattvacintAmaNidIdhiti prakAzikA, pratyagAlokasAra maMjarI, 1 aura kAraka- vivecana (vyAkaraNa) / harirAma tarkavAgIza : 17 vIM zatI graMtha svaprakAza-rahasya- vicAra / I rAmabhadra siddhAntavAgIza : 17 vIM zatI graMtha govindanvAyavAgIza 17 vIM zatI nyAyasaMkSepa 1 - tattvacintAmaNi- TIkA-vicAra, AcAryamatarahasya- vicAra, ratnakoSa-vicAra aura subodhinI (zabdazaktiprakAzikA TIkA) padArthakhaMDana vyAkhyA smaasvaad| gUDhArthadIpikA, navIna nirmANa, dIdhiti-TIkA, nyAyakusumAMjali kArikA vyAkhyA raghudeva nyAyAlaMkAra 17 vIM zatI grantha dravyasArasaMgraha, padArthakhaMDana - vyAkhyA / gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya : 17 vIM zatI grantha tattvacintAmaNi dIdhiti prakAzikA, tattvaciMtAmaNivyAkhyA tattvaciMtAmaNi AlokaTIkA, muralI TIkA kopavAda rahasya, anumAna cintAmaNidIdhiti TIkA, muktAvalI ratnakoSavAda-rahasya, AkhyAta vAda, kArakavAda, naJvAda, prAmANyavAda dIdhitiTIkA, zabdapramANyavAdarahasya, buddhivAda, yuktivAda, vidhi-vAda, viSayatAvAda, vyutpatti-vAda, zaktivAda aura smRtisaMskAravAda / kula 18 graMtha) / vizvanAtha siddhAntapaMcAnana : 17 vIM zatI grantha alaMkArapariSkAra, kavvAdaTIkA, nyAyasUtravRtti padArthatattvAnoka nyAyatatvabodhinI bhASApariccheda aura subarthaprakAza tathA piMgalaprakAza / nyAyasiddhAntamaMjarI- - bhuussaa| nRsiMha paMcAnana 17 vIM zatI grantha zrIkRSNa nyAyAlaMkAra :17 vIM zatI grantha rAjacUDAmaNi makhI : 17 vIM zatI / graMtha dharmarAjAdhvarINa: 17 vIM zatI graMtha-tatvacintAmaNi- prakAzikA / gopInAtha maunI : 17 vIM zatI graMtha 1 rAmarudra tarkavAgIza : 17-18 vIM zatI graMtha siddhAntamuktAvalI TIkA aura kArakanirNaya ttokaa| 1 17-18 vIM zatI / graMtha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhAvadIpikA (nyAyasiddhAntamaMjarI-TIkA) / tattvacintAmaNi- darpaNa | - tattvacintATIkA zabdAlokarahasya, ujjvalA (tarkabhASATIkA), padArthaviveka 1 tattvacintAmaNi dIdhiti TIkA, vyAptivAda vyAkhyA, dinakarIya-prakAzataraMgiNI, jayarAma tarkAlaMkAra zaktivAda - TIkA / 17-18 vIM zatI / graMtha jayarAma nyAyapaMcAnana tattvAcintAmaNi- dIpikA gUDhArthavidyotana, tattvaciMtAmaNi- Alokaviveka, nyAyasiddhAntamAlA, guNadIdhitivivRtti, nyAyakusumAMjalikArikA vyAkhyA, padArthamaNimAlA aura kAvyaprakAza-tilaka ( kula 9 graMtha) / gaurIkAntasArvabhauma 18 vIM zatI graMtha bhAvArthadIpikA (tarkabhASA kI TIkA), saMyuktamuktAvali, AnandalaharIvaTI aura vidgdhmukhaamnnddnviittikaa| / - rudrarAma : 18 vIM zatI / grantha vAdapariccheda, vyakhyA kRSNakAnta vidyAvAgIza 18 vIM zatI kRSNabhaTTa ArDe : 18 vIM zatI / grantha mahAdeva uttamakara 18 vIM zatI grantha raghunAthazAstrI : 18 vIM zatI graMtha - vyUha, cittarUpa, adhikaraNacandrikA aura vaizeSika- zAstrIya-padArtha-nirupaNa / graMtha nyAyaratnAvalI, upamAnacintAmaNi- TIkA, zabdazakti prakAzikA ityAdi / gadAdharI-karNikA vyAptirahasya - TIkA / gAdAdharI paMcavAda TIkA / For Private and Personal Use Only 3 "nyAyazAstra kA jJeya" "Rte jJAnAt na muktiH" ( jJAna binA mukti nahIM ) yaha bhAratIya dArzanikoM kA sarvamAnya parama zreSTha siddhAnta hai / paraMtu pAramArthika jJAna ke jJeya ke viSaya meM tathA jJAtavya vastu ke svarUpa meM sabhI dArzanikoM meM mArmika matabheda haiN| nyAya darzana ke anusAra pramANa, prameya, saMzaya, prayojana, dRSTAnta, siddhAnta, avayava, tarka, nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, vitaMDA, hetvAbhAsa, chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna, ina 16 padArthoM ke yathArthajJAna se niHzreyasa kI prApti hotI hai| zuddhajJAna kI prApti ke vividha sAdhanoM kA sUkSma vicAra yahI nyAyazAstra kA yogadAna hai aura isI kAraNa anya zAstroM ne nyAyazAstra dvArA prastuta pramANavicAra evaM hetvAbhAsa vicAra svIkRta kiyA haiN| vaidika nyAyazAstra meM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda ye cAra pramANa mAne haiM, isakA kAraNa pramANa (yAne yayArthanubhava) ke bhI cAra prakAra hote haiN| nyAyazAstra ke anusAra prameya meM AtmA, zarIra, indriya, artha, buddhi, manaHpravRtti, doSa, pretyabhAva (punarjanma ), phala duHkha aura apavarga ( yA mokSa) ina 12 AdhyAtmika viSayoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa vibhu nitya aura pratizarIra bhinna hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 133

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anya padArthoM meM saMzaya, prayojana, dRSTAnta, siddhAnta, avayava, tarka Adi 14 padArthoM kA mahattva kevala zAstrArtha yA vAda-vivAda kI dRSTi se hI hai| kisI padArtha ke vAstava svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM svamata-virodhI vyakti se "bhavati na bhavati" karate hue doSAnveSaNa karane kA mArmika mArgadarzana. ina 14 padArthoM ke vivecana meM naiyAyikoM ne diyA hai| anumAna meM paMcAvavyayI vAkya ke dvArA anumeya viSaya ko siddhi kI jAtI hai| ina pAMca avayavoM ke nAma hai pratijJA, hetu udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana / jaise parvatazikhara para agni kA astitva siddha karate hae : pratijJA : parvato'yaM vhinmaan| hetu-dhUmavatvAt / udAharaNa : yathA mahAnayaH (rasoI ghr)| isa prakAra pratijJA hetu aura udAharaNa (yA dRSTAnta) batAne para pakSa (parvata) para liMgopasaMhAra aura sAdhyopasaMhAra karane vAle vAkyoM dvArA samAdhAna kiyA jAtA hai| "vahnivyApya-dhUmavAna ca ayaM parvataH" (agni se nitya sAhacarya rakhane vAlA dhUma se yaha parvata yukta hai)" tasmAt ayaM parvataH vhnimaan| (isa kAraNa yaha parvata vahniyukta hai (isa parvata para Aga lagI hai|) isa prakAra ke upasaMhArAtmaka vAkyoM ko upanayana aura nigamana kahate haiN| anumAna kA yaha paMcAvayavitva bhAratIya tarkapaddhati kA vaiziSTya hai| pAzcAtyoM kI tarkapaddhati meM anumAna ke tIna hI avayava hote haiN| anumAna ke saMbaMdha meM eka mArmika sUcanA hai ki, jaba kisI padArtha ke saMbaMdha meM sAdhaka aura pramANa upalabdha nahIM hone ke kAraNa saMdeha nirmANa hotA hai taba hI paMcAvayavI vAkyoM ke dvArA sAdhyasiddhi karanI caahie| zazazaMga yA vandhyAputra kA astitva anumAna kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| athavA rasoighara meM jahA~ agni aura dhUma donoM pratyakSa dikhAI dete haiM, vahA~ agni kA astitva, anumAna kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| isa saMbaMdha meM nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra udayanAcArya spaSTa kahate haiM ki, "na anupalabdhe na nirNIta arthe nyAyaH pravartate kintu saMdigdhe" arthAt anupalabdha evaM nirNayaprApta viSaya meM anumAna kA avalaMba nahIM hotaa| saMdigdha viSaya meM hI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| __"hetvAbhAsa" paMcAvayavI anumAna meM dUsare vAkya yAne hetuvAkya kA vizeSa mahattva hotA hai| isa hetuvAkya meM pakSasattva, sapakSa-sattva, vipakSa-asattva, asatpratipakSatva aura abAdhita-viSayatva ina pAMca guNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| "parvato vahnimAn" yaha pratijJA siddha karane ke liye batAyA huA "vahinamattvAta" yaha hetuvAkya ina pAMco guNoM se sampanna hai| kabhI kabhI vivAda ke Aveza meM vitaMDavAdI kutArkiko ke hetuvAkya meM hetvAbhAsa hotA hai| hetvAbhAsa kA lakSaNa hai "hetuvad bhAsamAnA ye hetulakSaNavarjitAH" arthAt jina meM hetu kA AbhAsa hotA haiparaMtu hetu kA lakSaNa nahIM hotA aise sadoSa vAkya / hetvAbhAsa ke kAraNa ajJAnI janatA kA buddhibheda hotA hai, ataH unakA yathArtha jJAna pratyeka vivekaniSTha vyakti ko honA atyAvazyaka hai| naiyAyikoM ne hetvAbhAsa kA sUkSma vivecana karate hue usake asiddha, viruddha anaikAntika, prakaraNasama aura kAlAtyayApadiSTa nAmaka pAMca bheda batAye haiN| ina pAMca bhedoM ke bhI avAntara upabheda hote haiN| viruddha, prakaraNasama aura kAlAtyayApadiSTa ina tInoM ke upabhedoM ke jo udAharaNa nyAyazAstra meM diye haiM, unhe dekhate hue yaha dikhAI detA hai, ki vAdavivAda ke Aveza meM kisa prakAra kI gar3abar3I hotI hai| jaise, parvato bhnimaan| dhuumvtvt| isa prasiddha anumAna vAkya meM, "yo yo dhUmavAn sa sa vahnimAn" (jahAM jahAM dhuAM hotA hai vahAM vahAM Aga hotI hai|) isa vyApti ko dhyAna meM lekara, usI ke AdhArapara, kisI sarovara para bAhara kahIM se AyA huA dhuAM dekhakara. "sarovara'yaM vhnimaan| dhUmavattvAt isa prakAra kA tarka kisI ne upasthita kiyA to use grAhya nahIM mAnA jaataa| isakA kAraNa hai ki, isa udAharaNa meM diyA huA hetu (dhUmavattvAt) sadhetu nahIM hai| vaha asad hetu arthAt hetvAbhAsa hai| isa hetu meM uparanirdiSTa asiddhatA (arthAta svarUpAsiddhatA) nAmaka doSa vidyamAna hai| nyAyazAstra meM hatvAbhAsa ke spaSTIkaraNa ke nimitta udAharaNa diye gaye haiM : 1) gaganArAvindaM surbhi| arvindtvaat| sarojAravindavat 2) pRthivyAdayaH catvAraH paramANavaH nityAH / gndhvtvaat| 3) zabdo nityo, dravyatve sati asprshtvaat| 4) sa shyaamo| maitriitnytvaat| 5) zabdo nityH| prameyatvAt 6) zabdo nityaH kRtktvaat| 7) bhUmiH nityaa| gndhvtvaat| 8) zabdo anityaH / nitydhrmaanpaalbdhH| 9) paramANuH anityH| muurttvaat| ghaTavat ityaadi| isa prakAra ke hetvAbhAsa ke udAharaNoM meM batAye gaye hetuvAkyoM meM vidyamAna sadoSatA kA vivecana atyaMta mArmika evaM udbodhaka hai| apane apane pratipakSI ke pratipAdana meM saMbhAvya sadoSatA kA yathArya Akalana hone ke lie pratyeka buddhivAdI ko nyAyazAstrokta ina hetvAbhAsoM kA samyak jJAna honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| kucha zAstrakAroM ne kevalavyatirekI hetu ke lakSaNa meM avyApti, ativyApti aura asaMbhava nAmaka tIna doSoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra unakA antarbhAva paMcavidha hetvAbhAsoM ke antargata hotA hai| zAstrArtha yA vAdavivAda meM jina doSoM ke kAraNa vAdI yA prativAdI kA parAbhava hotA hai unheM 1) chala 2) jAti aura 3) nigrahasthAna kahate haiN| vaktA ke vAkya meM jo mUlabhUta abhiprAya hotA hai, usa kA jAna bUjha kara viparyAsa kara, use doSI 134/ saMskRta vAr3amaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ThaharAnA "chala" (vAkchala yA zabdacchala) kahA gayA hai| jaise: "navakambalo'yaM devdttH|" (devadatta ke pAsa nayA kaMbala hai) aise vaktA dvArA kahA jAne para, (nava zabda ke nau aura nayA do artha hote haiM isa kAraNa, nava zabda para zleSa karate hue, "na hi asya kambaladvayam api sambhAvyate, kuto nava" (isa ke pAsa do kambala bhI nahIM hai, to nava (yAne nau) kaMbala kahAM se ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra vaktA ke abhiprAya kA viparyAsa kutArkika karate haiN| vaktA ke dvArA diye hue udAharaNa se kisI alaga hI viSaya kA sAdharmya yA vaidharmya batA kara, usake mukhya abhiprAya kA viparyAsa jahA~ hotA hai, usa vivAda ko "jAti' kahate haiN| jAti ke prakAraH sAdharmyasama, vaidharmyasama, utkarSasama, apakarSasama, varNyasama, avarNyasama, vikalpasama, sAdhyasama, prAptisama, aprAptisama, dRSTAnta pratidRSTAntasama, anutpattisama, saMzayasama, prakaraNasama, ahetusama, arthApattisama, avizeSasama, upapattisama, upalabdhisama, anilyasama, nityasama, aura kAryasama (kul-24)| "svavyAghAtakam uttaraM jAtiH" arthAta prati-pakSI kA doSa dikhAne ke liye diye hae uttara meM "jAti"- nAmaka doSa utpanna hotA hai| nigrahasthAna kA artha hai vAda meM parAjaya hone kA sthaan| jisa ke kAraNa vaktA kA saMbhrama yA ajJAna vyakta hotA hai usa prakAra ke doSa ko- "nigrahasthAna" kahate haiN| vivAda meM 22 prakAra ke nigrahasthAna hone kI saMbhAvanA mAnI gaI hai jinake nAma haiM : pratijJAhAni, pratijJAntara, pratijJAvirodha pratijJAsaMnyAsa, hetvantara, arthAntara, nirarthaka, avijJAtArtha, apArthaka, aprAptakAla (yAne paMcAvayavI vAkyoM kA kramatyAga) nyUna, adhika, punarukta, ananubhASaNa, ajJAna, apratibhA, vikSepa aura mtaanujnyaa| isa prakAra nyAyazAstra meM pramANa, prameya ityAdi viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| satya-asatya kA nirdoSa nirNaya karane kA jJAna isa zAstra ke dvArA tattvajijJAsuoM ko atiprAcIna kAla se hI isa zAstra ke dvArA diye jAne ke kAraNa eka subhASitakArane isa zAstra kI prazaMsA meM kahA hai ki: mohaM ruNaddhi vimalIkurute ca buddhiM datte ca sNskRtpdvyvhaarshktim| zAstrAntarAbhyasanayogyatayA yunakti tarkazramo na tanute kamihopakAram / / bhAvArthaH tarkazAstra yA nyAyazAstra kA parizramapUrvaka adhyayana karane se buddhi kA moha naSTa hokara vaha nirmala hotI hai| saMskAra zuddha zabdoM kA vyavahAra karane kI zakti prApta hotI hai| anya zAstroM ke adhyayana karane kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| aura bhI aneka prakAra ke bauddhika guNa prApta hote haiN| 4 "bauddha nyAya" nyAyazAstra meM avaidika vidvAnoM kA bhI yogadAna ullekhanIya hai| bauddhoM kA nyAyavicAra hInayAna ke vaibhASika evaM sautrAntika saMpradAyoM meM tathA mahAyAna ke yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika saMpradAyoM meM vibhAjita hai| vaibhASika nyAya meM padArtha ke do bheda (viSaya aura viSayI) mAne haiN| viSayI ke antargata rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna nAmaka pAMca skandha tathA bArA Ayatana (chaH jJAnendriyA~ aura unake chaH viSaya milA kara) tIna dhAtu (indriya, viSaya aura vijJAna), ina 20 tattvoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| viSaya ke antargata rUpadharma, cittadharma, caittadharma aura rUpa-citta-viprayukta dharma ina cAra hetupratyayajanya dharmo kA samAveza hotA hai| jagat kA svarUpa traidhAtuka saMskRta asaMskRta dharmo kA samaSTirUpa, pratyakSavedya evaM kSaNabhaMgura hai| arhat pada kI prApti tathA nirvANa, mAnava jIvana kA prAptavya hai| sautrAntika nyAya meM jJAna ko pratyakSa aura jJeya ko atIndriya arthAt jJAnAnumeya mAnA hai, jaba ki vaibhASika nyAya meM jJAna aura jJeya donoM ko pratyakSa mAnate haiN| yogAcAra nyAya meM vijJAna ekamAtra vastu mAnI jAtI hai| vijJAna ke do bheda haiM- (1) pravRtti-vijJAna aura (2) Alaya-vijJAna / ye donoM vijJAna svaprakAza hote hue kSaNika haiN| jagat ko svataMtra sattA nahIM, vaha vijJAna kA vivarta hai| mAdhyamika nyAya ke anusAra jJAna aura jJeya donoM kalpita haiN| zUnya hI pAramArthika satya hai| yaha jagat zUnya kA hI vivarta hai| isa prakAra bauddha nyAya ke cAra bheda hote hue bhI unameM kucha tattva samAna haiN| jaise do pramANa- (1) pratyakSa aura (2) anumAna, do pratyakSa- (1) savikalpaka aura (2) nirviklpk| vyApti- jina padArthoM meM kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha yA tAdAtmya saMbaMdha hotA hai unhI meM vyApyavyApaka bhAva sarvamAnya hai| nyAya ke do avayava- udAharaNa aura upny| sattA :- sthira padArtha, kI sattA sabhI ko amAnya hai| arthakriyAkAritva hI sattA kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| hetu :- jisameM pakSasatva, sapakSasatva aura vipakSa-asatva hai vahI sadhetu anyathA asadhetu hotA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 135 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hetvAbhAsa :- viruddha, asiddha aura vyabhicArI tIna hI mAne haiN| vAda, jalpa aura vitaMDA ina tIna kathA-bhedoM meM, kevala vAda hI grAhya hai| jalpa aura vitaMDA agrAhya haiN| bauddha nyAya kA vikAsa saMskRta, pAlI aura mAgadhI bhASAoM meM huA hai| Aryadeva, nAgArjuna, maitreyanAtha, asaMga, vasubaMdhu, diGganAga, dharmakIrti, caMdrakIrti, zAMtarakSita ityAdi vidvAnoM ke graMthoM meM bauddha nyAya kA pratipAdana huA hai| 5 "jainanyAya" / jaina nyAya meM zvetAMbara aura digaMbara ina do pradhAna saMpradAyoM ke bheda hai paraMtu donoM ne anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta ko mahattva diyA hai| jaina nyAya kA yaha pramukha siddhAnta hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra kisI bhI padArtha kA ekAnta dRSTi se vicAra na karate hue sarvasamanvayAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karanA yogya mAnA jAtA hai| pratyeka padArtha meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye tIna avasthAe~ hotI haiN| usameM eka hI samaya meM nityAnityAtmakatA tathA sAta bhinna bhinna dharma rahate haiM, jinako jaina nyAya kI paribhASA meM "saptabhaMgI naya" kahate haiN| isa naya anusAra padArtha meM milane vAle sAta dharma :- (1) nitya, (2) anitya, (3) avaktavya, (4) nityAnitya, (5) nityaavaktavya, (6) anitya avaktavya aura (7) nityAnitya avktvy| ina sAta dharmoM ke anusAra padArtha kA svarUpa jAnane ke saptabhaMgInaya ke sAta prakAra haiM, jise "syAdvAda" kahate haiN| jaina darzana ke sabhI siddhAntoM meM syAdvAda kA siddhAnta atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| koI bhI padArtha svarUpataH sat aura pararUpataH asat hotA hai| vaha mRttikA suvarNa ityAdi upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM nitya aura ghaTa- kaTaka Adi kArya ke rUpa meM anitya hotI hai, yaha sArvatrika anubhava "syAdvAda" kA AdhAra hai| kisI bhI padArtha ke svarUpa ko upapatti syAdvAda ke binA nahIM ho sktii| isI kAraNa haribhadra sUri apane anekAnta-jayapatAkA meM kahate haiM ki sAre padArtha "syAdvAda-mudrAMkita" haiN| jaina nyAya meM pratyakSa aura parokSa do pramANa mAne haiN| padArtha kA spaSTa rUpa se grahaNa jisake kAraNa hotA hai vaha pratyakSa aura aspaSTa rUpa se grahaNa karane vAlA parokSa pramANa hai| pratyakSa ke do bheda- (1) sAMvyAvahArika aura (2) paarmaarthik| pahale meM mana indriyA~ Adi bAhya upakaraNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai kintu dUsarA pratyakSa kevala Atmazakti se hotA hai| parokSa ke do bhedaH (1) anumAna (2) shbd| kathA, chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna, nyAyavAkya, sadhetu, hetvAbhAsa ina nyAya ke viSayoM ko jaina nyAya meM bhI svIkRta kiyA hai| siddhasena divAkara, samaMtabhadra, haribhadrasUri, akalaMkadeva, mANikyanaMdI, abhayadevasUri, devasUri, hemacaMdra, yazovijayagaNi Adi jaina darzana ke prakhyAta naiyAyika haiN| bauddha evaM jaina naiyAyikoM ne AstikoM ke vedaprAmANya vAda kA khaMDana karane kA bharasaka prayAsa kiyA aura vaidika naiyAyikoM ne ina nAstika (nAstiko vedaniMdakaH) vidvAnoM kA khaMDana karate hue Izvara aura AtmA kA astitva sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| isI khaMDana-maMDana ke saMgharSa ke kAraNa prAcIna bhArata meM nyAyazAstra kA vikAsa huaa| 6 vaizeSika darzana vaizeSikadarzana kA nyAyadarzana se atyadhika mAtrA meM sAmya hone ke kAraNa, donoM kA nirdeza eka sAtha hotA hai| isa darzana ke pravartaka kA nAma kaNAda hai| kaNAda kA artha "kaNa khAnevAlA", hone se isa kA nAmanirdeza usI artha ke kaNabhakSa, kaNabhuk ina nAmoM se bhI hotA hai| kaNAda ke vaizeSika darzana kA aulukya darzana bhI apara nAma hai| isa kAraNa kaNAda kA vAstava nAma kucha logoM ke matAnusAra uluki mAnA jAtA hai| kaNAda kRta vaizeSika sUtroM kA racanAkAla I. dvitIya se caturtha zatI ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai| ataH isa darzana ko nyAyapUrva mAnate haiN| isa darzanagraMtha ke dasa adhyAyoM meM 370 sUtra haiN| pratyeka adhyAya ke antargata do Ahnika nAmaka vibhAga haiN| vaizeSikasUtra para "rAvaNabhASya"nAmaka bhASya kA prAcIna graMthoM meM nirdeza milatA hai, kintu vaha abhI anupalabdha hai| isa kA prazastapAdakRta bhASya "padArthadharmasaMgraha" nAma se suprasiddha hai| prazastapAda bhASya ko maulika graMtha kI mAnyatA hai, aura isa para udayanAcAryakRta kiraNAvalI evaM zrIdharAcAryakRta nyAyakaMdalI nAmaka do TIkAeM prasiddha haiN| isake bAda vaizeSika darzana ke pratipAdaka jitane bhI graMtha likhe gaye, una sabhI meM nyAya aura vaizeSika kA mizraNa hai| ina meM zivAditya kI saptapadAthIM, laugAkSibhAskara kI tarkakaumudI, vallabhanyAyAcArya kI nyAyalIlAvatI evaM vizvanAtha paMcAnana kRta bhASApariccheda vizeSa pracalita haiN| (vaizeSika darzana viSayaka granthoM aura graMthakAroM kI samagra sUcI pariziSTa meM dI hai)| vaizeSika paribhASA - abhidheyatva aura jJeyatva ina dharmoM se yukta saMsAra kI sabhI vstueN| sapta padArtha - dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva / samagra sRSTi ke sabhI padArtho ke ye sAta hI prakAra hote haiN| nava dravya - pRthvI, Apa, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA aura mana / ina meM pRthvI, Apa, teja aura vAyu ke paramANu nitya padArtha 136/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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hote haiM, aura inase nirmita padArtha anitya hote haiM / pRthvI meM gaMdhAdi pAcoM guNa, Apa (jala) meM rasAdi cAra guNa, teja meM rUpAdi tIna guNa, vAyu meM sparza aura zabda do guNa aura AkAza meM kevala zabda guNa hI hotA hai, vaha sarvavyApI aura aparimita hai| AkAza, kAla aura dik ye tIna apratyakSa, niravayava aura sarvavyApI padArtha haiN| upAdhi ke kAraNa ina meM dina rAta, pUrva, pazcima Adi bhedoM kI pratIti hotI hai| AtmA jJeya, nitya, zarIra se pRthak, indriyoM kA adhiSThAtA, vibhu aura mAnasapratyakSa kA viSaya hai| AtmA ke do bheda- jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA / jIvAtmA-prati zarIra meM pRthak hotA hai / isa kA jJAna, sukhaduHkha ke anubhava se hotA hai| icchA, dveSa, buddhi, prayatna, dharmAdharma saMskAra ityAdi AtmaguNa haiN| paramAtmA - eka aura jagat kA kartA hai| mana aNuparimANa / pratizarIra bhinna / yaha jIvAtmA ke sukha-duHkhAdi anubhava kA tathA aindriya jJAna kA sAdhana hai| dravyavicAra meM vaizeSikoM ne sArA bhara aNuvAda para diyA hai| dravyoM ke paramANu hote haiM, yaha siddhAnta sarvaprathama kaNAda ne pratipAdana kiyaa| dravya ke sUkSmatama avibhAjya aMza ko paramANu mAnA gayA hai| paramANu nitya, svataMtra, indriyagocara hote haiN| unakI "jAti" nahI hotii| do paramANuoM ke saMyoga se dvayaNuka, tIna dvayaNukoM ke saMyoga tryaguNaka, cAra se tryaNukoM ke saMyoga se caturaNuka isa prakAra aNusaMyoga se sRSTi kA nirmANa hotA hai| padArthoM ke guNoM meM, bAhya kAraNoM se jo bhI vikAra utpanna hote haiM, unakA kAraNa "pAka" hotA hai| padArtha ke mUla guNoM kA nAza ho kara, unameM naye guNa kI nirmiti ko 'pAka' kahate haiM / isa upapatti ke kAraNa vaizeSikoM ko "pIlupAkavAdI" kahate haiN| pIlupAka yAne aNuoM kA pAka / isa se viparIta naiyAyikoM kI upapatti meM saMpUrNa vastu kA pAka mAnA jAtA hai, ataH unhe dArzanika parivAra meM "piThara-pAkavAdI" kahate haiN| (2) guNa- dravyAzrita kintu svayaM guNarahita padArtha ko guNa kahate haiN| guNasaMyoga aura viyoga kA koI kAraNa nahIM hotaa| sUtrakAra ne guNoM kI saMkhyA 17 batAI hai kintu bhASyakAroM ne adhika 7 guNoM kA astitva siddha kara unakI saMkhyA 24 mAnI hai| gandha, rasa, rUpa, sparza, zabda, saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, viyoga, paratva, aparatva, buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, gurutva, dravatva, sneha, saMskAra, dharma aura adhrm| inameM saMkhyA, parimANa ityAdi sAmAnya guNa haiM aura buddhi, sukha, duHkha, viziSTa padArthoM meM hone ke kAraNa vizeSa guNa mAne haiN| anya guNoM meM rUpa ke zveta, rakta, pIta Adi 7 prakAra; rasa ke madhura amla, lavaNa Adi 6 prakAra haiN| gandha ke sugaMdha aura durgandha do prakAra haiN| sparza ke zIta, uSNa aura kavoSNa, tIna prakAra haiN| parimANa ke aNu, mahat hasva dIrgha- cAra prakAra haiN| saMyoga ke tIna prakAra- eka gatimUlaka, ubhayagatimUlaka aura sNyogjsNyog| gurutva guNa ke kAraNa vastu kA patana hotA hai| yaha guNa kevala pRthvI aura jala meM hotA hai| snehaguNa kevala jala meM hotA hai| zabda ke do prakAra- dhvanyAtmaka aura varNAtmaka haiN| buddhi ke do prakAra- smRti aura anubhv| saMskAra ke tIna prakAra- bhAvanA (AtmA kA guNa), vega aura sthitisthApakatA haiN| pavitrasaMskAra ke kAraNa AtmA meM dharmaguNa utpanna hotA hai, jisase kartA ko sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai| adharma isake viparIta guNa kA nAma hai| (3) karma - dravyAzrita, guNabhinna aura saMyogaviyoga kA kaarnn| karma ke pAMca prakAra haiM- utkSepaNa (upara pheMkanA) avakSepaNa (nIce pheMkanA) AkuMcana (sikuDanA) prasAraNa (phailanA) aura gmn| AkAzAdi vibhu dravyoM meM karma nahIM hotaa| (4) sAmAnya - "nityama ekam anekAnugatam" - jo nitya aura eka hokara, aneka padArthoM meM jisa kA astitva hotA hai use jAti yA sAmAnya kahate haiN| jaise gotva, manuSyatva ityaadi| sAmAnya ke tIna bheda haiM- (1) para (2) apara aura (3) praapr| jaise sattA yA astitva para sAmAnya hai jo sabhI padArthoM meM hotA hai| ghaTatva apara sAmAnya hai jo kevala ghaTa meM hI hotA hai, aura dravyatva parApara sAmAnya hai, kyoM ki vaha ghaTa tathA anya dravyoM meM hotA hai, kintu sattA ke samAna dravyAtirikta anya padArthoM meM nahIM hotaa| vizeSa : paramANu tathA AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA aura mana jaise nitya aura niravayava dravyoM meM vizeSa nAmaka padArtha rahatA hai, jo sAmAnya se viparIta hotA hai| vizeSa hI eka paramANu kA dUsare paramANu se tathA eka padArtha kA dUsare padArtha se bheda karatA hai| vizeSa padArtha ke kAraNa hI eka AtmA kA dUsare se abheda siddha nahIM hotaa| ApAtataH samAna dikhane vAlI zeSa vastuoM meM parasparabhinnatA, unameM vidyamAna vizeSa ke kAraNa hI siddha hotI hai| isa vizeSa padArtha kI mAnyatA, kaNAdadarzana kI apUrvatA hai| isI kAraNa isa darzana ko "vaizeSika" darzana nAma milA hai| samavAya : saMbandha ke do prakAra hote haiN| (1) saMyoga aura (2) smvaay| vastra aura taMtu jaise avayavI aura avayayoM meM, jala aura zaitya; jaise guNI aura guNa meM, vAyu aura gati jaise kriyAvAn aura kriyA meM, go aura gotva jaise vyakti aura jAti meM evaM vizeSa aura nitya dravya meM jo ayutasiddhatA-mUlaka saMbaMdha hotA hai, use "samavAya" nAmaka padArtha kahate haiN| samavAya-saMbaMdha nitya,aura saMyoga-saMbaMdha anitya hotA hai| abhAva : yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai| (1) saMsargAbhAva - jaise agni meM zaitya kA abhaav| (2) anyonyAbhAva - jaise agni meM jala kA, ghaTa meM paTa kA abhaav| saMsargAbhAva ke tIna prakAra hote haiN| (1) prAgabhAva - jaise utpatti ke pUrva mRttikA meM saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 137 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ghaTa kA abhaav| (2) pradhvaMsAbhAva - jaise phUTe hue ghaTa ke Tukar3oM meM ghaTa kA abhaav| (3) atyantAbhAva - jaise AkAzapuSA yA vandhyAputra kA abhAva / abhAva padArtha" na mAnane para sabhI padArtha nitya rheNge| prAgabhAva na mAnane para sabhI padArtha anAdi mAnane pdd'eNge| pradhvaMsAbhAva na mAnane para sabhI padArtha avinAzI mAnane pddeNge| atyaMtAbhAva na mAnane vaMdhyAputra aura zazazaMga kI sattA mAnanI par3egI; aura anyonyAbhAva na mAnane para, vastuoM meM paraspara abhinnatA mAnanI hoNgii| isa prakAra kI Apatti ke kAraNa abhAva kA padArthatva vaizeSikoM ne mAnA hai| vaizeSika matAnusAra sRSTi kI utpatti paramANu-saMyoga se hotI hai aura paramANu saMyoga IzvarecchA se hotA hai| sRSTi kA pralaya bhI Izvara kI icchA se hI hotA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM jJAna ke do prakAra : (1) vidyA aura (2) avidyA mAne haiN| vidyA ke cAra bheda : pratyakSa, anumAna, smRti aura ArSa (prAtibha) tathA avidyA ke cAra bheda : saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya aura svapna mAne haiN| bauddhoM ke samAna vaizoSika pratyakSa aura anumAna do pramANa mAnate haiN| ataH virodhI dArzanikoM ne unakA nirdeza "ardhavainAzika" (arthAt ardhabauddha) saMjJA se kiyA hai| nyAya darzana meM saMmata, upamAna aura zabda pramANa kA antarbhAva ve anumAna meM karate haiN| kaNAda RSi ne kI huI, "yato'bhyudayAniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharmaH" (arthAt jisa kAraNa abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa (mokSa) kI siddhi hotI hai use dharma kahate haiM) yaha dharma kI vyAkhyA sarvamAnya sI huI hai| dharma ke sAdhaka karma do prakAra ke hote haiN| 1) sAmAnya (ahiMsA, satya, asteya ityAdi) aura 2) vizeSa (varNAzramAnusAra viziSTa karma) / niSkAma karmAcaraNa se tattvajJAna kA udaya hotA hai aura tattvajJAna se niHzreyasa kI prApti hotI hai| duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti tathA AtmA ke vizeSa guNoM kA uccheda hI mukti kA svarUpa isa darzana meM mAnA gayA hai| vaizoSikoM ke vicAroM kA khaNDana, jaina, bauddha tathA vedAntiyoM ne svamata-sthApanA ke nimitta kiyA hai, paraMtu unakI bhautika jagat kI upapatti laukika dRSTi se grAhya mAnI jAtI hai| "kaNAdaM pANinIyaM ca sarvazAstropakArakam" (arthAt kaNAda kA vaizeSika aura pANini kA vyAkaraNa zAstra anya sabhI zAstroM ke jJAna ke lie upakAraka hai|) yaha subhASita saMskRtajJa vidvAnoM meM sarvamAnya huA hai| zabdArtha ke yathocita nirNaya ke lie pANinIya vyAkaraNa jitanA upakAraka hai, utanA hI padArthoM kA svarUpanirNaya karane me vaizeSika darzana upakAraka hai| aitihAsika dRSTyA I. 15 vIM zatI taka vaizeSika aura nyAya darzana kA svataMtra rUpa se vikAsa hotA rhaa| bAda meM donoM darzanoM kA saMmizraNa kara graMtha likhe gye| donoM kI tattvavivecana kI paddhati samAna hone ke kAraNa, kucha matabheda hote hue bhI, donoM kA saMbaMdha (sAMkhya aura yoga ke samAna) nikaTatara mAnA jAtA hai| 138/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa - 6 sAMkhya yoga darzana 1 "sAMkhya darzana" sAMkhya zabda saMkhyA zabda se niSpanna hotA hai; jisake do artha hote haiN| 1) ginatI aura 2) vivekajJAna / mahAbhArata meM ___ "saMkhyA prakurvate caiva prakRti ca prcksste| tattvAni ca caturviMzat tena sAMkhyaM prakIrtitam" / / isa zloka meM saMkhyAdarzana ke kAraNa arthAt sRSTitattvoM kI saMkhyAtmaka (yA gaNanAtmaka) carcA hotI hai isa liye sAMkhya ise mAnA gayA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM 24 prakAra ke prakRti ke mUlatattva, 5 prakAra kI avidyA, 28 prakAra kI azakti, 17 prakAra kI atuSTi, ityAdi saMkhyAtmaka paddhati se tattvoM kI carcA huI hai| "saMkhyA'' zabda kA dUsarA artha hai vivekajJAna / acetana prakRti aura cetana puruSa tattva meM abhinnatA mAnanA yahI aviveka hai| isI aviveka yA ajJAna ke kAraNa puruSa (arthAta jIva) janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta nahIM ho paataa| prakRti-puruSa kI pRthaktA kA jJAna hI vivekajJAna hai| isI se apavarga yA mokSa kI prApti hotI hai; isa siddhAnta kA Agraha pUrvaka pratipAdana "sAMkhya darzana nAma kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| sAMkhyakArikA ke racayitA IzvarakRSNa ne tathA zrIzaMkarAcArya ne isa darzana kA nirdeza "tantra" zabda se kiyA hai| paraMtu prasiddha taMtrazAstra yA taMtravidyA se isakA koI saMbaMdha nhiiN| yaha eka svayaMpUrNa aura aitihAsika dRSTi se atiprAcIna zAstra hai| atharvaveda, tathA kaTha, prazna, zvetAzvatara, maitrAyaNI Adi upaniSadoM meM sAMkhya darzana kI paribhASA kA darzana hotA hai| bhAratIya paraMparA meM, "jJAnaM ca loke yadihAsti kiNcit| sAMkhyAgataM tacca mataM mahAtman" / / (saMsAra meM jo kucha tattvajJAna vidyamAna hai vaha "sAMkhya" se AyA hai|"- isa mahAbhArata ke vacanAnusAra isI darzana ko agrasthAna diyA jAtA hai| mahAbhArata tathA kucha smRti, granthoM meM kapilaprabhRti 26 sAMkhyAcAryoM ke nAma milate haiM, unameM sanat, sanaMdana, sanAtana, sanatkumAra, bhRgu, zukra, kAzyapa, pArAzara, gautama, nArada, agastya, pulastya ityAdi nAma anyAnya saMdarbho meM bhI prasiddhiprApta haiN| bhAratIya paraMparA ke anusAra maharSi kapila sAMkhyadarzana ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| zrImadabhAgavata meM kapila (kardama devahRtI ke putra) ko bhagavAna viSNu kA paMcamAvatAra kahA hai| upaniSada meM bhI "kapilaRSi" kA ullekha milatA hai| ___maeNksamUlara, kolabuka, kItha jaise pAzcAtya vidvAna kapila ko aitihAsika puruSa mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hai| unakA matakhaMDana gAveM nAmaka pAzcAtya paMDita ne hI kiyA hai| aitihAsika carcA ke anusAra sAMkhya paddhati ke vicAra kA AraMbha I. pU. 9 vIM zatI meM mAnA jAtA hai| IzvarakRSNa ne apanI sAMkhyakArikA ke aMta meM isa zAstra kI paraMparA batAyI hai : "puruSArthajJAnamidaM guhyaM paramarSiNA smaakhyaatm| sthityutpattipralayAzcintyante yatra bhUtAnAm / / etat pavitramagrayaM munirAsuraye'nukampayA prddau| Asuripi paMcazikhAya tena ca bahudhA kRtaM tNtrm|| __ ziSyaparamparayAgatamIzvarakRSNena caitdaayryaabhiH| saMkSiptamAryamatinA samyag vijJAya siddhaantm||" arthAt - mokSa puruSArtha viSayaka yaha guhya pavitra jJAna "paramazreSTha RSi kapila ne prathama pratipAdana kiyaa| isa meM bhUtamAtroM kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralaya kA kathana kiyA hai| (kapila) muni ne Asuri ko, aura Asuri ne paMcazikha ko yaha jJAna bar3I kRpA se pradAna kiyaa| Asuri ke bAda jo ziSyaparaMparA nirmANa huI, usake dvArA IzvarakRSNa ko isakA jJAna huA jisane use AryAoM meM saMkSipta rUpa meM graMthita kiyaa| isa prakAra kapila RSi isa darzana ke (athavA bhAratIya dArzanika paraMparA ke) "AdividvAn' mAne jAte haiN| tattvasamAsa aura sAMkhyasUtra nAmaka kapila kI do racanAeM sAMkhya darzanaviSayaka zAstrIya graMthoM meM prathama graMtha mAne jAte haiN| sAMkhyasUtra ke chaha adhyAya aura sUtrasaMkhyA 537 hai| isake paMcama aura chaThe adhyAyoM meM paramatakhaMDanapUrvaka svamata pratipAdana kiyA hai| AsurikRta koI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai kintu prAcIna grantho meM inake siddhAntoM ke ullekha hue haiN| paMcazikha kA SaSTitantra graMtha prasiddha hai| cInI graMthoM ke anusAra yaha graMtha SaSTisahasra (sATha hajAra) zlokAtmaka mAnA jAtA hai| IzvarakRSNakRta "sAMkhyakArikA" isa darzana kA sarvamAnya prAmANika graMtha hai| sAMkhya darzana kI carcA meM isI graMtha kI AryAeM saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 139 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sarvatra uddhRta kI jAtI haiN| I. chaThI zatAbdI meM isa graMtha kA cInI bhASA meM anuvAda kisI paramArtha ne kiyaa| cIna meM yaha anuvAda hiraNyasaptati yA suvarNasaptati' nAma se vidita hai| jaina vAGmaya meM ise "kaNagasattarI" kahA hai| upalabdha sAMkhyakArikAoM kI saMkhyA 69 hone ke kAraNa eka kArikA lupta mAnI jAtI hai| lokamAnya tilaka ne apane gItArahasya meM luptakArikA ke saMbaMdha meM carcA karate hue gauDapAdAcAryakRta bhASya ke AdhAra para 61 vIM kArikA ke bAda eka kArikA kI racanA kii| lokamAnya tilakakRta kArikA : "kAraNamIzvarameke bruvate kAlaM pare svabhAvaM vaa| prajAH kathaM nirguNato, vyaktaH kAlaH svabhAvazva / / " tattvasamAsa, sAMkhyasUtrANi aura sAMkhyakArikA ye tIna hI sAMkhyadarzana ke AdhArabhUta graMtha mAne jAte haiN| ina tInoM ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM vivAda pracalita hai jaise, kyA kapila hI sAMkhyasUtroM ke racayitA haiM? kyA sAMkhyasUtroM kI racanA IzvarakRSNa kI kArikAoM ke anantara huI? sAMkhyasUtroM meM prakSipta bhAga kauna sA hai? isa prakAra ke vivAdoM ke saMbaMdha meM paM. udayavIrazAstrI ne taulanika evaM talasparzI adhyayana karate hue sAMkhyasUtraviSayaka paraMparAgata mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| zAstrIjI ke matAnusAra upalabdha sAMkhyasUtroM meM 68 sUtra prakSipta haiM, kyoMki una meM sAMkhyamata virodhI vicAra grathita hai| IzvarakRSNa kI sAMkhyakArikA para 1) mATharavRtti 2) gauDapAda bhASya 3) yuktidIpikA (lekhaka ajJAta) 4) tattvakaumudI (le. vAcaspati mizra; isa TIkA para kAzI ke Adhunika vidvAna harerAmazAstrI zukla ne suSamA nAmaka savistara TIkA likhI hai|), 5) jayamaMgalA (le. zaMkarAcArya I. 14 vIM zatI), 6) candrikA (le. nArAyaNatIrtha, I. 17 vIM zatI), 7) sAMkhyatattvasvarUpa (le. narasiMha svAmI) ityAdi uttamottama TIkA graMtha likhe gaye haiM, jina se usa graMtha kI vidyanmAnyatA samajha meM AtI hai| kucha dArzanika graMthoM meM vindhyavAsI (yA vindhyavAsa) ke sAMkhya viSayaka siddhAntoM kA ullekha AtA hai, paraMtu isakI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| isakA mUlanAma rudila tathA guru kA nAma vArSagaNya kahA gayA hai| I. 17 vIM zatI meM vArANasI meM vijJAnabhikSu nAmaka dArzanika vidvAna hue| bhikSu nAma hone para bhI ve bauddha nahIM the| "kAlArkabhakSita" sAMkhyadarzana ke punarujjIvana ke liye inhoMne sAMkhyapravacanabhASya kI racanA kii| inake atirikta yogavArtika (vyAsabhASya para), vijJAnAmRtabhASya (brahmasUtra para) aura yogasAra tathA sAMkhyasAra meM yoga aura sAMkhya darzanoM ke siddhAntoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai| vijJAnabhikSu sAMkhyadarzana ke lekhakoM meM aMtima AcArya mAne jAte haiN| 2 tAttvika carcA __ anya sabhI darzanoM ke samAna AtyaMtika duHkhanivRtti tathA sukhaprApti ke mArga kA anveSaNa, sAMkhyadarzana kA bhI prayojana hai| saMsAra ke Adhibhautika, Adhidaivika aura AdhyAtmika duHkhoM se AtyaMtika tathA aikAntika muktatA prApta karane kI icchA rakhane vAle (mumukSu) ke lie dRSTa tathA Anuzravika (arthAt auSadhopacAra, gItanRtya tathA yajJayAga) mArgoM kI apekSA, vyakta, avyakta aura jJa (arthAt prakRti aura puruSa) ina sRSTi ke mUlabhUta tattvoM ke vijJAna kA mArga adhika zreSTha hotA hai kyoM ki anya laukika tathA daivI upAya tAtkAlika tathA hiMsA, asUyA Adi doSoM se yukta hote haiN| sAMkhya matAnusAra ajJAna ke kAraNa puruSa (jIvAtmA) prakRti (yA prakRtijanya dehAdi padArtha) se apanA tAdAtmya mAna kara duHkha bhogatA hai, ataH vaha jaba apanA prakRti se vibhinnatva ThIka samajhatA hai, tabhI vaha duHkhamukta ho sakatA hai| pratyeka bhAratIya darzana ke prAraMbha meM jJAnaprApti kI prakriyA tathA jJAnaprApti ke sAdhana ke saMbaMdha meM tAttvika carcA hotI hai| tadanusAra sAMkhya darzana meM isa saMbaMdha meM carcA prastuta karate samaya dRSTa (pratyakSa) 2) anumAna aura 3) Aptavacana-tIna hI pramANa mAne haiN| sAMkhyakArikA ke TIkAkAroM ne upamAna, arthApatti, aitihya jaise avAMtara pramANoM kA ina tIna pramANoM meM antarbhAva pratipAdana kiyA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ke prameya - (vyakta, avyakta aura jJa) kA yathArthajJAna ina tIna pramANoM ke dvArA hI honA saMbhava mAnA gayA hai| pratyakSa pramANa ke do prakAra : 1) nirvikalpaka aura 2) sviklpk| nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM iMdrayagocara padArtha ke rUpa guNa ityAdi kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| savikalpaka meM rUpa, guNa saMjJA ityAdi kA jJAna hotA hai| ___ anumAna ke do prakAra : 1) vIta tathA 2) aviit| inameM vIta ke do prakAra mAne gaye haiN| : 1) pUrvavat aura 2) sAmAnyato dRSTa / dhUmadvArA vahni kA anumAna pUrvavat kA udAharaNa hai| yaha pUrvAnubhUta sAdhya-sAdhana saMbaMdha para Azrita hotA hai| rUpa zabda Adi viSayoM ke Akalana kI kriyA ke kAraNa, unake netra, zrotra Adi grAhaka indriyoM ke astitva kA anumAna, sAmAnyato dRSTa anumAna kA udAharaNa hai| sAMkhyoM ke dvitIya anumAna prakAra ko arthAta, "avIta" anumAna ko, nyAya darzana meM zeSavat kahA hai| zabda kA guNatva, usameM dravya, karma Adi anya chaha padArthoM kI asiddhatA ke kAraNa jAnA jAtA hai| yaha jJAna "zeSavat" anumAna se hotA hai| Aptavacana meM rAgadveSAdi virahita satpuruSa ke vacana ko tathA apauruSeya evaM svataHpramANa vedavacanoM ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| yakta, avyaktA arthApatti, samaya duSTa (pratyakSA 140/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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satkAryavAda - bhAratIya tattvajJAna meM "satkAryavAda" aura "asatakAryavAda" ina do pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM dvArA huA hai| yaha sRSTirUpa kArya vyakta svarUpa meM utpanna hone ke pUrva astitva meM thA yA nahIM? isa tAttvika prazna kI carcA (mRttikA-ghaTa dRSTAnta ke dvArA) karate samaya, bauddha, naiyAyika aura vaizeSika dArzanikoM ne asatkAryavAda kA puraskAra kiyA hai aura sAMkhya tathA vedAntI dArzanikoM ne "satkAryavAda" kaa| bauddha matAnusAra "asat" tattva se "sat" tatva kI utpatti mAnI gyii| vedAntamatAnusAra ekamevAdvitIya sat (brahma) tattva se kevala AbhAsamaya yA mAyAmaya saMsAra kI utpatti huii| sAMkhya matAnusAra eka hI sat tattva se aneka sadvastuoM kI utpatti huI hai| sat tattva se sRSTi kI utpatti mAnane vAle sAMkhya aura vedAntI donoM "satkAryavAdI" mAne jAte haiM, kintu donoM kI vicAradhArA meM maulika bheda hai| vedAntI saMsAra kI kAraNAvasthA brahmarUpa mAnate haiM, kintu sAMkhyavAdI isa avasthA ko triguNAtmaka-prakRtirUpa mAnate haiN| vedAntI "jaganmithyA" mAnate haiM to sAMkhyavAdI jagat ko satya mAnate haiN| vedAntI ekamevAdvitIya brahma hI jagat kA AdikAraNa mAnate haiM to sAMkhyazAstrajJa prakRti aura puruSa do tattvoM ko AdikAraNa mAnate haiN| isI kAraNa sAMkhya "dvaitI' bhI kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra sadrUpa triguNAtmaka mUla prakRti se utpanna sRSTi ke avAMtara tattvoM kA vargIkaraNa sAMkhya darzana meM atyaMta mArmikatA se kiyA hai| IzvarakRSNa ne yaha vargIkaraNa eka kArikA meM atyaMta saMkSepa meM batAyA hai : "mUlaprakRtiravikRtiH mahadAdyAH prakRtivikRtayaH sapta / SoDazakastu vikAro na prakRtirna vikRtiH puruSaH / / " arthAt mUla prakRti meM satva, raja, tama guNoM kI sAmyAvasthA ke kAraNa koI vikRti nahIM hotii| bAda meM usa sAmyAvasthA meM kSobha utpanna hone ke kAraNa, 'mahat' Adi sAta tattvoM (arthAt mahat yAne buddhi), ahaMkAra aura pAMca tanmAtrAeM (zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha) kI utpatti hotI hai| ye sAta tattva mUlaprakRti ke kArya tathA avAMtara tattvoM ke kAraNa bhI hote haiM; ataH inheM "prakRti-vikRti" (yAne kAraNa tathA kArya) kahA hai| inake atirikta 5 jJAnendriyAM, 5 karmendriyAM, 1 ubhayendriya (mana) aura 5 mahAbhUta solaha tattvoM kI utpatti hotI hai| inase aura kisI bhI tattva kI nirmiti nahIM hotii| ataH inheM "vikAra" (arthAt kevala kAryarUpa) kahA hai| puruSa na to prakRti hai, na hI vikRti / isa prakAra 1) prakRti 2) prakRti-vikRti 3) vikRti 4) na prakRti na vikRti, ina cAra vargoM meM vyakta avyakta sRSTi kA vargIkaraNa sAMkhyadarzanakAroM ne kiyA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra prakRti "triguNAtmakA" mAnI gaI hai| prakRtisvarUpa tIna guNa (satva, raja aura tama) pratyakSa nahIM haiN| saMsAra ke padArthoM ko dekha kara inakA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| eka hI vastu -jaisI koI strI pati ko sukha detI hai, usI ko cAhane vAle manuSya ko duHkha detI hai aura udAsIna manuSya ko na sukha na dukha detI hai| yahI avasthA sarvatra hone ke kAraNa sukha, duHkha aura moha ke kAraNabhUta tIna guNoM kA siddhAnta sAMkhya darzana dvArA sthApita huA hai| ye tIna guNa parasparavirodhI hote haiN| inameM se akelA guNa koI kArya nahIM kara sktaa| ye paraspara sahayogI hokara puruSa kA kArya sampanna karate haiN| __ sat tattva se sRSTirUpa satkArya kI utpatti kA yaha saMkSipta paricayamAtra huaa| isakA pratipAdana karane ke lie "satkAryavAda' nAmaka jo siddhAnta sAMkhyadarzana dvArA apanAyA gayA, usakA samarthana pAMca kAraNoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| IzvarakRSNa ne eka kArikA meM ve kAraNa batAe haiM : ___ "asadkaraNAd upAdAnagrahaNAt srvsNbhvaa'bhaavaat| zaktasya zakyakaraNAt kAraNabhAvAt ca stkaarym||" 1) asadkaraNAt - udAharaNa - tila se hI tela nikalatA hai, bAlU se nhiiN| bAla, meM tela nahIM hotA ataH usase kitane bhI prayatna karane para tela kadApi nahIM niSpanna hotaa| 2) upAdAnagrahaNAt - pratyeka kArya ke liye viziSTa upAdAna kAraNa kA hI grahaNa Avazyaka hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, ghaTa nirmANa karane ke lie miTTI hI Avazyaka hotI hai, tantu nhiiN| 3) sarvasambhavA'bhAvAt - sabhI kArya sabhI kAraNoM se nahIM utpanna hote / bAlU se tela yA tila se ghaTa nahIM nirmANa hotaa| 4) zaktasya zakyakaraNAt - zaktisampanna vastu se zakya vastu kI hI utpatti hotI hai| jaise dUdha se dahI ho sakatA hai kintu tela, ghaTa yA paTa nhiiN| 5) kAraNabhAvAt - pratyeka kArya, kAraNa kA hI anya svarUpa hai| ghaTarUpa kArya, miTTi svarUpa kAraNa kA hI anya rUpa hai| donoM kA svabhAva eka hI hotA hai| sAMkhya aura vedAnta donoM satkAryavAdI haiN| kintu sAMkhya kA satkAryavAda pariNAmavAdI aura vedAnta kA vivartavAdI kahA gayA hai| pariNAmavAda ke anusAra dUdha se dahI jaisA vAstavika vikAra hotA hai vaisA hI prakRti se jagat hotA hai| vivartavAda ke anusAra aMdhakAra meM rajju para sarpa, jisa prakAra AbhAsamAna hotA hai aura prakAza Ane para usakA laya hotA hai, usI prakAra saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 141 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sadvastu (brahma) para avidyA ke kAraNa jagat kevala bhAsamAna hotA hai| "ahaM brahmAsmi" jJAna kA prakAza Ate hI vaha AbhAsa naSTa ho jAtA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir puruSa : isa tattva kA astitva jina pAMca kAraNoM se mAnA jAtA hai unakA saMkalana eka kArikA meM IzvarakRSNa ne kiyA hai : "saMpavAt trigunnaadivipryyaaddhisstthaanaat| puruSo'sti bhItRbhAvAt kaivatyArtha prkRte|" 1) jisa prakAra susamRddha bhavana yA susajjita zayyA dUsare kisI upabhoktA ke lie hI hotI hai (svayaM apane lie nahIM), usI prakAra yaha saMghAtamaya jagat bhogya prakRti ke anya kisI dUsare ke upabhoga ke lie hI hai / 2- 3 ) jisa prakAra susajja ratha jar3a hone ke kAraNa cala nahIM sakatA, use calAne ke lie ajar3a-cetana sArathi kI AvazyakatA hotI hI hai, usI prakAra jaDa zarIroM kA cAlaka unase viparIta svarUpa kA honA caahie| 4) saMsAra meM sabhI padArtha bhogya haiN| ataH unakA koI to bhoktA bhI honA caahie| yaha bhoktA hI puruSa hai| 5) saMsAra meM sabhI duHkhI jIva duHkhoM se mukti hone kI icchA rakhate hue dIkhate haiM jisa meM yaha mukta hone kI pravRtti hotI hai, vahI puruSa hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM avyakta tattvoM ke antargata mUlaprakRti kA ekatva mAnA hai, kintu usase sarvathA viparIta puruSa tattva kA anekatva pratipAdana kiyA hai| janana-maraNa karaNAnAM pratiniyamAd ayugapatRvravRttezca / puruSabahutvaM siddhaM traiguNyaviparyayAccaiva / / isa kArikA meM puruSa kA bahutva siddha karane vAle tIna kAraNa batalAe gaye haiN| 1) sabhI puruSoM kA janma maraNa eka sAtha nahIM hotaa| sabhI kI indriyA~ samAna zaktiyukta nahIM hotii| arthAt eka puruSa kI darzanazakti yA zravaNazakti kSINa yA naSTa hone para sabhI kI nahIM hotii| 2) sabhI kI kAmoM meM pravRtti eka sAtha nahIM hotii| kucha vidyArthI jaba paDhate hai taba dUsare khelate dikhAI dete haiM / 3) pratyeka vyakti ke svabhAva meM bhI aMtara hotA hai| koI udyogazIla hote haiM to dUsare AlasI hote haiN| isa prakAra kA vaicitrya, puruSa tattva eka hI hotA, to nahIM dikhAI detaa| ataH "puruSabahutva" siddha hotA hai| - sAMkhya matAnuyAyiyoM meM do bheda 1) sezvaravAdI aura 2 ) nirIzvaravAdI dikhAI dete haiN| upaniSadoM, mahAbhArata, bhAgavata Adi purANoM meM pratipAdita sAMkhya siddhAnta meM Izvara kA astitva mAnA huA dikhAI detA hai| 1 "mAyAM tu prakRti vidyAdmAyinaM tu mahezvaram" isa prakAra ke mahattvapUrNa upaniSadvacanoM meM sezvaravAdI sAMkhyamata ke bIja spaSTatayA dikhAI dete haiN| mahAbhArata meM sAMkhya aura vedAnta meM vizeSa bheda nahIM dikhAI detaa| pataMjali ke yogadarzana ko "sezvara sAMkhya" aura kapilokta darzana ko "nirIzvara sAMkhya" kahane kI paripATI hai| nirIzvaravAdI sAMkhyadArzanikoM ne IzvarAstikya ke pramANoM kA khaMDana nahIM kiyaa| unheM apanI vivecana prakriyA meM puruSa aura prakRti ina do tattvoM ke AdhAra para vizvotpatti kI samasyA sulajhAnA saMbhava huA, tIsare Izvaratattva kA astitva siddha karane kI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM huI / sAMkhya nirIzvaravAdI hai, kintu "nAstika" arthAt vedaniMdaka nahIM haiN| sAMkhyamatAnusAra puruSa svabhAvataH triguNAtIta yA mukta hI hotA hai, kintu prakRti ke sAtha vaha apanA tAdAtmya, aviveka ke kAraNa mAnatA hai, aura prakRtijanya duHkha bhogatA hai| viveka kA udaya hone para use "apavarga" yA "kaivalya" kI avasthA prApta hotI hai| yaha viveka, "vyakta, avyakta aura jJa kA tattvajJAna hone para hI udita hotA hai| viveka kA udaya hote hI prakRti kA baMdhana sadA ke liye chUTa jAtA hai, aura puruSa yaha anubhava karane lagatA hai ki, "mai sabhI kartRtva se atIta tathA niHsaMga huuN|" yaha anubhUti hI jIvanamukta avasthA hai| jIvanmukta puruSa ko videhamukti prApta hotI hai| yahI mAnavajIvana kA AtyaMtika uddiSTa hai| IzvarakRSNa ne "prakRti" kA svarUpa "nartakI" ke samAna varNana kiyA hai| jisa prakAra kalAkuzala nartakI raMgamaMca para darzakoM ke samakSa apanI kuzalatA dikhA kara svayameva nartana se nivRtta hotI hai, usI prakAra prakRti, puruSa ko bhoga tathA apavarga dene kA vyApAra pUrNa hone para, sarvathA nivRtta ho jAtI hai| jisa puruSa ko usakA svarUpa jJAta hotA hai, usake samAne vaha lajjAvatI strI ke samAna kabhI nahIM upasthita hotI / prakRti kI nivRtti hI puruSa kI kaivalyAvasthA hai| 3 "yogadarzana" yoga zabda "yuj" tathA yujir ( joDanA yA milAnA) dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai| Rgveda meM yoga zabda AtA hai paraMtu vahAM usake artha ekarUpa nahIM mAne jaate| "yogakSema" yaha sAmAsika zabda bhI Rgveda meM AtA hai jahA~ yoga zabda kA artha sAyaNa ne "aprAptaprApaNam" arthAt jo pahale se prApta na ho use prApta karanA, isa prakAra batAyA hai| upaniSadoM, mahAbhArata bhagavadgItA, tathA purANoM meM sAMkhya aura yoga kA ullekha eka sAtha huA hai aura unakA paraspara saMbaMdha bhI ina granthoM meM samAna hI rahA hai kaThoniSada meM | 142 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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"yadA paMcAvatiSThante jJAnAni manasA saha / buddhizca na viceSTati tAmAhuH paramAM gatim / tAM yogamiti manyante sthirAmindriyadhAraNAm / / isa zloka meM yoga kA svarUpa batAyA hai| jJAnendriyAM, mana evaM buddhi kI avicala sthiti ko hI isameM yoga kahA hai| isI upaniSad meM kahA hai ki naciketA ne yamadvArA pravartita "yogavidhi" evaM vidyA ko jAna kara brahmajJAna prApta kiyaa| zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM "dhyAnayoga" zabda kA prayoga tathA Asana evaM prANAyAma kA ullekha AtA hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM "Atmani sarvendriyANi pratiSThApya" isa vAkya meM sabhI indriyoM ko AtmA meM pratiSThApita karane kI ora nirdeza huA hai| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM "tasmAdekameva vrataM caret prANyAcaNa apAnyAcca" isa maMtra meM prANAyAma kI ora saMketa kiyA hai muNDakoSaniSad meM "omiti dhyAyatha AtmAnam" isa vacana meM samAdhi kI vyavasthA dI hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM na kevala "yoga" zabda kA prayoga huA hai api tu yoga kI vidhiyoM kA bhI svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| I | pANinIya sUtroM meM yama, niyama (jo yoga ke aMga hai) tathA yoga, yogin ina zabdoM kI vyutpatti milatI hai| kAzikA meM yoga zabda kI niSpatti" yuj samAdhau (divAdi gaNa) aura "yujir yoge" ( rudhAdi gaNa ) ina donoM dhAtuoM se mAnI hai (dvayorapi grahaNam) / ApastaMva dharmasUtra (I. pU. cauthI yA pAMcavI zatI) meM yoga ko kAma, krodha, lobha Adi 15 doSoM kA nirmUlana karane vAlA zAnti prApta karane kA upAya batAyA hai| vedAntasUtroM meM yoga kI sAdhanAoM kI ora saMketa huA hai| mahAbhArata zAMti parva meM "hiraNyagarbho yogasya vaktA nAnyaH purAtanaH" isa vacana meM (jisa prakAra sAMkhya ke prathama vaktA kapila the, usI prakAra ) hiraNyagarbha RSi ko yoga zAstra ke prathama pravaktA kahA hai / pAtaMjala yogasUtra ke bhASya meM katipaya pUrvamatoM kA nirdeza huA hai. unameM jaigISavya ke mata ko pramukhatA dI hai paraMtu jaigISavya kA koI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| yogadarzana kA sarvazreSTha tathA parama pramANabhUta graMtha hai, pataMjali kA yogasUtra / ise yogadarzana bhI kahate haiN| yogasUtra ke bahuta se saMskaraNa vyAsabhASya aura tatvavaizAradI (vAcaspatimizrakRta TIkA) sahita prakAzita hue haiM kAzI saMskRta sIrIja meM bhojarAjakRta rAjamArtaNDa, bhAvagaNezakRta pradIpikA, nAgojI bhaTTakRta vRtti, rAmAnandayatikRta maNiprabhA anantadevakRta candrikA evaM sadAzivendra sarasvatI kRta yogasudhAkara ina chaha TIkAoM ke sAtha pAtaMjala yogasUtroM kA prakAzana huA hai| yaha sUtragraMtha samAdhi (51 sUtra ) sAdhanA (55 sUtra ) vibhUti, (55 sUtra) evaM kaivalya (34 sUtra) nAmaka cAra adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita haiM / kula sUtra saMkhyA hai 195 / paraMparA ke anusAra pataMjali zeSa bhagavAna ke avatAra mAne jAte haiN| unakI stuti karane vAle do zloka sarvatra prasiddha haiM : 1) pAtaMjalamahAbhASya - caraka pratisaMskRtaiH / manovAkkAyadoSANAM hantre'hipataye namaH / / 2) yogena cittasya padena yAcA malaM zarIrasya ca vaidyakena yo'pAkarot taM pravaraM munInAM pataMjali prAMjaliyanato'smi / / prathama zloka caraka saMhitA kI TIkA ke AraMbha meM AtA hai aura dUsarA zloka vijJAnabhikSu ke yogavArtika meM ullikhita hai| ina zlokoM ke kAraNa Adhunika vidvAnoM ne pataMjali eka yA aneka, yaha vivAda khaDA kiyA hai| isa vicAra meM pro. bI. luDavikha, DaoN. hAvara evaM pro. dAsagupta ityAdi vidvAna do yA tIna pataMjali nahIM mAnateM kintu jaikobI, kItha, vuDas ityAdi vidvAna isa mata ko nahIM maante| yogasUtra ke kAla ke viSaya meM bhI matabheda haiN| bhArataratna pAM. vA. kANe, yogasUtra kA kAla I. pU. dUsarI zatI se pUrva nahIM maante| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana I. 200 I. ke pazcAt nahIM maante| yogasUtra ke vyAsabhASya kI tithi bhI vivAdya hai, kintu ina donoM kI nirmiti meM kaI zatiyoM kA antara mAnA jAtA hai| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM yoga kI vizeSatA anyAnya prakAra se batAI hai; jaise yoga kI vividha sAdhanAoM se kAma, krodha, lobha, bhaya evaM nidrA jaise doSoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| hIna varNa ke puruSa yA nArI bhI yoga mArga ke dvArA paramalakSya kI prApti kara sakate hai| AdhyAtmika zakti prApta hone para yogI apane ko sahastroM zarIroM meM sthAnAntarita kara sakatA hai| AtmanAM ca sahasrANi bahUni bharatarSabha / yogI kuryAd balaM prApya taizca sarvermahIM caret / / ( zAnti 286/26) sAMkhya ke samAna dUsarA jJAna nahIM aura yoga ke samAna koI AdhyAtmika zakti nahIM hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSad ke "na tasya rogo na jarA na mRtyuH / prAptasya yogAgnimayaM zarIram / / " isa maMtra meM yoga kA phala batAyA hai ki yogasAdhanA se sAdhaka kA zarIra yogAgnimaya hotA hai aura use roga jarA evaM mRtyu kA upasarga nahIM hotA / bhagavadgItA, yogazAstra kA pramANabhUta graMtha hai| gItA ke chaThe adhyAya meM yogasiddha yA yogArUDha puruSa kI zreSTha avasthA kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki : sarvabhUtasthamAtmAnaM sarvabhUtAni cAtmani IkSate yogayuktAtmA sarvatra samadarzanaH / / arthAt yogayukta citta hone para sAdhaka sarvabhUtamAtra meM AtmA ko aura AtmA meM sAre bhUtamAtra ko dekhatA hai| vaha sarvatra samadarzI hotA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 143 For Private and Personal Use Only

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4 "sAMkhya aura yoga" yogadarzana meM sAMkhya darzana ke kucha siddhAntoM kA svIkAra huA hai, yathA-pradhAna kA siddhAnta, tIna guNa evaM unakI vizeSatAeM, AtmA kA svarUpa evaM kaivalya (antima mukti meM AtmA kI sthiti)| sAMkhya aura yoga donoM darzanoM meM AtmA kI anekatA mAnI hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM Izvara ko sthAna nahIM hai, kintu yoga darzana meM Izvara (puruSa-vizeSa) kA lakSaNa batAyA hai aura usakA dhyAna karane se cittavRtti kA nirodha arthAt samAdhi-avasthA prApta karane kI sUcanA dI hai- (iishvrprnnidhaanaadvaa)| paraMtu yogadarzana meM Izvara ko vizva kA sraSTA nahIM kahA hai| praNava (oMkAra) hI Izvara kA vAcaka nAma hai jisakA japa (cittavRttinirodhArtha) karanA caahie| sAMkhya evaM yoga donoM kA aMtima prAptavya hai kaivly| kintu sAMkhya, samyakjJAna ke atirikta kaivalyaprApti kA anya upAya nahIM khtaa| sAMkhya kA mArga kevala bauddhika yA jJAnayogAtmaka hai, kintu yogadarzana meM isa viSaya meM eka vizada anuzAsana kI arthAt yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ina ATha aMgoM kI yathAkrama vyavasthA batAyI hai| kaivalya prApti ke lie puruSa, prakRti evaM donoM kI bhinnatA ko bhalI bhAMtI samajha kara, cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ke lie vividha prakAra kI sAdhanA karane para yoga darzana kA Agraha hai| cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha ke lie pAtaMjala yogadarzana ke samAdhipAda meM nau sUtroM dvArA upAya batAye haiM jaise:1) abhyAsavairAgyAbhyAM tannirodhaH (1-14) / 2) Izvara-praNidhAnAd vA (1-27) / 3) tatpratiSedhArtham ekatattvAbhyAsaH (1-36) 4) pracchardana-vidhAraNAbhyAM vA prANasya (1-38) 5) viSayavatI vA pravRttirutpannA manasaH sthitinibandhanI (1-39) / 6) vizokA vA jyotiSmatI (1-40) / 7) vItarAgaviSayaM vA cittam (1-41) / 8) svapnanidrAjJAnAlaMbaM vA (1-42) aura 9) yathAbhimatadhyAnAd vA (1-43) / sAdhanapAda meM bhI tapa, svAdhyAya, IzvarapraNidhAna, dhyAna, yogAMgAnuSThAna, pratipakSabhAvana, ityAdi sAdhanAeM tathA usake phala batAye haiN| 5 saMyama yogadarzana ke vibhUtipAda meM dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samApti ina tInoM kI ekatra sAdhanA ko "saMyama" kahA hai| jaise :pariNAmatraya-saMyama (3-17) / pratyaya-saMyama (3-19) / kAyarUpasaMyama (3-21) / karmasaMyama (3-23) / maitryAdi saMyama (3-24) / 'balasaMyama (25) / sUryasaMyama- (27) / caMdrasaMyama (28) / dhRvasaMyama -(29) / nAbhIcakrasaMyama -(30) / kaNThakUpasaMyama- (31) / kUrmanADIsaMyama - (32) / mUrdhajyotisaMyama- (33) / prAtibhajJAnasaMyama (35) / svArthasaMyama- (36) / zrotrAkAzasaMyama- (42) / kAthAkAzasaMbaMdha sNym-(43)| mahAvidehAsaMyama (44) / sthUlasvarUpasUkSmAnvayArthavatvasaMyama- (45) / indriyAvasthAsaMyama -(48) / sattva-puruSAnyatAkhyAtisaMyama -(50) / kSaNakramasaMyama -(53) / ina vividha prakAra ke saMyamoM meM nipuNatA Ane para sAdhaka ko jina siddhiyoM kI prApti hotI hai, unakA nirdeza yathAsthAna kiyA hai| ina sabhI prakAra ke saMyamoM meM nipuNatA ke kAraNa jo siddhiyAM prApta hotI hai, unakA svarUpa jJAnamaya batalAyA hai, yAne yogI ko vividha prakAra kA atIndriya jJAna prApta karane kI zakti ina saMyamasiddhayoM ke rUpa meM prApta hotI hai jaise :(1) pariNAma trysNymaatatiit-anaagtjnyaanm| (2) saMskAra-sAkSAtkaraNAta puurvjaatijnyaanm| (3) bhuvanajJAnaM sUrye sNymaat| (4) candre (saMyamAt) taaraavyuuhjnyaanm| (5) dhruve (saMyamAt) tdgtijnyaanm| (6) nAbhicakre (saMyamAt) kaayvyuuhjnyaanm| (7) hRdaye (saMyamAt) cittasaMvid / (8) svArthasaMyamAt purussjnyaanm| (9) kSaNakramasaMyamAt vivekajaM jnyaanm| (10) tajjayAt (arthAt saMyamajayAt) prajJAlokaH ityaadi| dvitIyapAda meM hI "ahiMsA pratiSThAyAM tatsaMnidhau vairAgaH (35) / satyapratiSThAyAM kriyaaklaashrytvm-(36)| asteyapratiSThAyAM sarvaratnopasthAnam -(37) / brahmacaryapratiSThAyAM viirylaabhH-(38)| aparigrahasthairye janmakathaMtAsaMbodhaH (39) / zaucAt svAMgajugupsA prairsNsrgH-(40)| sattvazuddhi saumanasya ekAgratA-indriyatraya- Atmadarzana-yogyatvAni ca - (41) / saMtoSAd anuttama sukhalAbhaH (42) / kAyendriyasiddhiH azuddhikSayAt tapasaH (43) / svAdhyAyAd iSTadevatAsaMprayogaH (44) aura samAdhisiddhiH iishvrprnnidhaanaad(45)| ina sUtroM dvArA yamoM aura niyamoM se bhI vividha prakAra kI siddhiyoM kA lAbha batAyA hai| "samAdhisiddhiH IzvarapraNidhAnAd" isa sUtra meM IzvarapraNidhAna se samAdhisiddhi arthAt yoga kI aMtima avasthA kI prApti hotI hai, yaha udghoSita karate hue pataMjali 144/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pramANa viparyaya vikalpa ne bhaviyoga kI zreSThatA kI ora nizcita saMketa kiyA hai| ina saMyama sAdhanAoM ke samAna janma - auSadhi - maMtra - tantra se bhI siddhiyA~ yogasAdhanA se AnuSaMgikatA se prApta hotI haiM, paraMtu sAdhaka ne ina meM phaMsanA nahIM cAhie kyoM ki AtyaMtika dhyeya (samAdhilAbha ) ke mArga meM siddhiyAM vighna svarUpa hotI haiM "te samAdhau upasargAH (3-38) / pAtaMjala yogadarzana ke aMtaraMga kI saMkSipta kalpanA, usake kucha mahattvapUrNa pAribhASika zabdoM ke paricaya se A sakatI hai| ataH yahA~ unakA saMkSepa meM paricaya dete haiN| svayaM pataMjali ne hI apane sUtroM meM pAribhASika zabdoM kA jo spaSTIkaraNa diyA hai, usI ke AdhAra para pAribhASika zabdoM ke sAmAnya artha vizada karane ke liye anantapaDita kRta vRtti kI sahAyatA hamane lI hai| yoga citavRttiyoM kA nirodh| vRtti nidrA smRti abhyAsa vairAgya paravairAgya saMprajJAtasamAdhi asaMprajJAta samAdhi Izvara japa cittavikSeSa samApatti www.kobatirth.org : : pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrA aura smRti / ye citta ke pariNAmabheda hai| : pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama / : mithyAjJAna tathA saMzaya / : vastu ke abhAva meM kevala zabda mAtra ke jJAna se usakI kalpanA karanA / : citta kI bhAvazUnya avasthA / : anubhUta viSaya kA aMtaHkaraNa meM cirasthAyI saMskAra / : citta ko vRttirahita avasthA meM sthira rakhane kA prayatna / : aihika evaM pAralaukika sukhopabhogoM ke prati niricchatA / : viziSTa "puruSa", jise anya puruSoM (jIvoM) ke samAna "kleza" (avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa, aura hai / abhiniveza, ina pAMca cittadoSoM ko yogazAstra meM kleza kahate haiM) karmavipAka (jAti, Ayu aura bhoga) aura vAsanA, ina se saMparka nahIM rahatA, jo sarvajJa, kAlAtIta aura brahmAdi devatAoM kA bhI upadezaka guru : IzvaravAcaka praNava (oMkAra) ke artha kI (yAne Izvara kI) citta meM punaH punaH bhAvanA krnaa| isase citta ekAgra hotA hai| : zArIrika vyathA, sustI, saMzaya, pramAda, zarIra kI jaDatA, viSayAsakti, viparIta jJAna, citta kI asvasthatA, ye aura anya doSa yoga sAdhanA meM cittavikSepa rUpa vighna DAlate hai| ekAgratA kI sAdhanA se hI ina vikSepoM ko haTAyA jA sakatA hai| : vRttiyoM kA kSaya hone ke kAraNa citta sphaTika maNi ke samAna atyaMta nirmala hotA hai| aise citta kI dhyAtA, dhyeya evaM dhyAna se sarUpatA yA tanmayatA / samApatti ke cAra bheda hote hai : 1) savitarkA- jisameM zabda evaM artha kA jJAna aura vikalpakI pratIti hotI hai| (2) nirvitarkA- isameM zabdaartha virahita (zUnyavat) vizuddha pratIti hotI hai| 3) savicArA (4) nirvicArA savita aura nirvitarkA samApati sthUlaviSakya hotI hai savicArA aura nirvicArA sUkSmaviSayA hotI haiN| sUkSmaviSayatva kA artha hai mUlaprakRti (pradhAna) meM vilaya yA paryavasAna honA / sabIja samAdhi uparinirdiSTa samApattiyoM kA hI nAma hai sabIja samAdhi / isI ko "samprajJAta samAdhi" bhI kahate haiN| isa meM utkRSTa nipuNatA prApta hone se RtambharA prajJA kA lAbha hotA hai| *10 : tattvajJAna ke kAraNa / (satva, raja, tama) guNoM ke prati AtyaMtika niricchatA / : vitarka, vicAra, AnaMda aura asmitA sahita svarUpajJAna kI avasthA / : vitarkAdi virahita svarUpajJAna kI avasthA / isa avasthA meM vitarka, vicAra, Adi ruddha hote hue bhI unake saMskAra avaziSTa rahate haiN| = Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir RtambharA prajJA (RtaM satyaM bibharti, kadAcidapi na viparyayeNa AcchAdyate sA RtambharA prajJA / ) arthAta jisa se satya kI hI pratIti hotI hai, viparIta athavA saMzayagrasta pratIti kadApi nahIM hotI, aisI zreSTha prajJA / zrautaprajJA aura anumAnaprajJA se yaha RtambharA prajJA bhinna hotI hai| vaha sAmAnyaviSayA hotI hai, yaha vizeSaviSayA hotI hai| RtambharA prajJA ke kAraNa jo saMskAra hotA hai, vaha samAdhilAbha ke mArga meM bAdhA DAlane vAle anya sabhI saMskAroM ko naSTa karatA hai| = nirbIja samAdhi saMprajJAta yA sabIja samAdhi kA nirodha hone para jaba sArI cittavRttiyAM apane mUla kAraNa meM vilIna hotI haiM taba kevala jo kevala saMskAra mAtra vRtti rahatI haiM, usakA bhI niSedha (neti neti) karane para puruSa (jIvAtmA) ko jo zuddhatama avasthA prApta hotI haiM, usI kA nAma hai nirbIja yA asaMprajJAta samAdhi yoga sAdhanAoM kA aMtima uddiSTa yahI avasthA hai| 1 6 "sAdhanapAda-paribhASA" kriyAyoga = tapa, svAdhyAya (oMkAra pUrvaka maMtrajapa ) aura IzvarapraNidhAna ( sArI kriyAoM kA Izvara ke prati samarpaNa) ina tInoM ko milA kara kriyAyoga kahate haiN| samAdhi avasthA kI prApti ke lie kriyAyoga kI trividhA sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 145 -

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kleza = avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa, aura abhiniveza ina pAMca kAraNoM se duHkha hote haiN| ina duHkhakAraNoM ko "kleza' kahate haiM jinakA nivAraNa dhyAnayoga kI sAdhanA se hotA hai| avidyA = anitya meM nityatA kI, apavitra meM pavitratA kI, duHkha meM sukha kI aura anAtma vastu meM AtmA kI pratIti / (arthAt sarvatra viparIta buddhi)| yaha avidyA hI anya cAra klezoM kI mUla hai| asmitA = draSTA (cetana puruSa) aura usakI darzanazakti (yA sAttvika buddhi) ina meM caitanya aura jaDatA ke kAraNa bhinnatA hote hue bhI, unakI ekAtmatA mAnanA / (laukika bhASA meM Aja kala asmitA zabda kA prayoga ahaMkAra yA svAbhimAna ke artha meM sarvatra hotA hai|) rAga = pUrvAnubhRta sukhasaMvedanA kI smRti ke kAraNa usa sukha ke prati AsaktatA yA AkarSaNa / dveSa = pUrvAnubhUta duHkhasaMvedanA kI smRti ke kAraNa usa ke prati tiraskAra kI bhaavnaa| abhiniveza = pUrvajanma meM mRtyu kA anubhava Ane ke kAraNa isa janma meM zarIraviyoga (arthAta mRtyu) na ho aisI tIvra icchaa| aisI icchA pratyeka prANI mAtra meM rahatI hai| dRzya - prakAza, kriyA aura sthiti jisakA svabhAva hai, indriyAM aura paMca mahAbhUta jisakA pariNAma hai, bhoga aura apavarga (mokSa) jisakA prayojana hai, aise buddhitattva ko dRzya kahate haiN| draSTA - cetanAsvarUpa purusstttv| apane samIpavartI buddhitattva meM pratibiMbita zabda, sparza Adi viSayoM se jo anukUla yA pratikUla anubhRti AtI hai, usakI saMvedanA puruSa pAtA hai| arthAt dRzya hai prakRti aura draSTA hai puruss| prakRti aura puruSa sAMkhya zAstra ke paribhASika zabda haiN| usI artha meM dRzya aura draSTA tathA sva aura svAmI zabda yogazAstra meM prayukta hote haiN| saMyoga = sva (dRzya) zakti aura svAbhizakti (draSTA kI zakti) athavA sva aura svAmI, eka dUsare se vibhinna haiN| unake svarUpa kA jJAna hone kA kAraNa hai unakA saMyoga (svruupsNyog)| isa saMyoga kA kAraNa hai avidyA / guNaparva = vizeSa, avizeSa, liMgamAtra aura aliMga ina cAroM ko guNaparva kahate haiN| ye cAroM zabda pAribhASika haiN| unake arthaHvizeSa = paMcamahAbhUta aura indriyaaN| avizeSa = paMca tanmAtrA (zabdAdi) aura antaHkaraNa liMgamAtra = buddhi aliMga = avyakta prakRti / kaivalya = dRzya aura draSTA (prakRti-puruSa) kI vibhinnatA kA jJAna sthira hone para unakA saMyoga bhI samApta hotA hai| isa saMyoga ke abhAva meM draSTA kI avasthA ko kaivalya kahate haiN| yogAGga = yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ina ATha sAdhanAoM ko pratyekazaH yogAGga kahate haiN| ina ke abhyAsa se saba prakAra kI azuddhiyAM naSTa ho kara jo buddhi meM vizuddhatA AtI hai, usase sAdhaka ko "vivikekhyAti prApta hotI hai| vivekakhyAti = dRzya aura draSTA (prakRti-puruSa) kI AtyaMtika vibhinnatA kI anubhUti / yama = ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca sArvabhauma mahAvratoM ko milA kara "yama" kahate haiN| niyama = zauca (zArIrika aura mAnasika zuddhatA) saMtoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura IzvaraprANidhAna ina pAMcoM ko milA kara niyama kahate haiN| (yama-niyamoM ke pAlana se yogamArga sugama hotA hai| inameM pUrNatA Ane para siddhiyAM bhI milatI haiN| vitarka = hiMsA, asatya, paradhana kA apaharaNa, vyabhicAra, aura bhogasAdhanoM kA saMgraha / ina ke kAraNa yogasAdhanA meM pragati nahIM ho sktii| Asana = baiThane kI viziSTa avasthA jaba sthira aura sukhakara hotI hai taba use Asana kahate haiN| prANAyAma = Asana meM sthiratA Ane para zvAsa aura ucchvAsa kA niyNtrnn| isameM recaka, pUraka aura kuMbhaka kriyA hotI hai| prANAyAma se citta ke raja aura tama kSINa ho kara vaha sattvamaya hotA hai| pratyAhAra - jJAnendriyoM kA apane nijI viSaya se sabaMdha todd'naa| aisA hone para indriyA~ cittasvarUpa kI aura abhimukha ho kara sAdhaka ke adhIna hotI haiM aura sAdhaka indriyoM para vijaya pAtA hai| 7 "vibhUtipAda" dhAraNA = zarIra ke nAbhicakra, nAsikAgra, bhrUmadhya Adi viziSTa sthAna para citta ko sthira krnaa| dhyAna = jisa sthAna para citta kI dhAraNA huI ho, usI kA akhaMDita bhAna rhnaa| 146/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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samAdhi = dhyAnAvasthA meM jaba "svarUpazUnyatA" (apanI nijI pratIti kA abhAva) AtA hai, taba usa AtyaMtika ekAgra avasthA ko samAdhi (samyak AdhIyate manaH yatra) kahate haiN| saMyama = eka hI viSaya para dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samadhi honA / prajJAloka = saMyama meM nipuNatA Ane para dRzya aura draSTA kI vibhinnatA kA buddhi meM prakAza honaa| antaraMga aura bahiraMga = ATha yogAMgoM ke do vibhaag| yama, niyama, Asana aura prANAyAma ye cAra yogAMga sabIja (saMprajJAta yA sAlaMbana) samAdhi ke "bahiraMga" haiM aura dhAraNA, dhyAna, tathA AtyaMtika ekAgratA usI samAdhi kI sAdhanA meM "antaraMga" hote haiN| paraMtu ve hI nirbIja (asaMprajJAta yA nirAlaMbana) samAdhi ke bahiraMga hote haiN| nirodha-pariNAma = citta kI "vyutthAna avasthA" (arthAt kSipta, mUDha aura vikSipta avasthA) aura "nirodha avasthA" (AtyaMtika sAttvikatA kA pariNAma) meM jo saMskAra hote haiM, unake kAraNa ina do avasthAoM kA eka kA dUsare se jo saMbaMdha rahatA hai, use "nirodha-pariNAma" kahate haiN| samAdhi-pariNAma = "nirodhapariNAma" kI avasthA meM vyutthAna-saMskAra kA kSaya aura nirodha saMskAra kA udaya yathAkrama hotA hai| isa samAdhi pariNAma meM citta ke vikSepa dharma kA sarvathA laya ho kara, ekAgratArUpa dharma kA udaya hotA hai| yaha avasthA Ane para citta meM vikSepadharma (arthAt sarvArthatA yA caMcalatA) kA udreka nahIM hotA / nirodha pariNAma se yaha citta kI uccatara avasthA hai| ekAgratA-pariNAma = citta kI ekAgratA meM nipuNatA Ane para zAnta (pUrvAnubhUta) aura udita (vartamAna) vattivizeSa samAna se ho jAte hai| unameM koI vizeSatA nahIM rhtii| pariNAma : citta kI ekAgratA ke kAraNa usake pUrvadharma kI nivRtti ho kara usameM dUsare dharma kA udaya honaa| upari nirdiSTa trividha citta pariNAmoM ke samAna, sthUla sUkSma bhUtoM tathA karmendriyoM evaM jJAnendriyoM meM dharma, lakSaNa aura avasthA svarUpa tIna pariNAma hote haiM aura unake saMyama meM nipuNatA Ane para yogI ko bhUta aura bhaviSya kA jJAna hotA hai| dharmI = vastu ke dharma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : 1) zAnta : (apanA kArya samApta hone para samApta) 2) udita : (vartamAna vyApAra karane vAle) aura 3) zaktirUpa meM rahane vaale| ina trividha dharmoM se jo yukta hotA hai, use "dharmI' kahate hai; jaise suvarNa dharma hai, usase banane vAle vividha alaMkAra dharmI hote haiN| aparAnta = zarIra kA viyog| bhoga = sattva (prakRti kA hI sukharUpa pariNAma) acetana hai aura puruSa cetana hai| ataH donoM meM bhinnatA hai| paraMtu puruSa ko buddhisaMyoga ke kAraNa jo sukhasaMvedanA hotI hai vahI bhoga hai| bandha - purUSa aura citta kA zarIra meM sNbNdh| yaha saMbaMdha karma ke kAraNa hotA hai| yaha saMbaMdha hI bandha hai| jaya = vshiikrnn| mahAvidehA = deha kI mamatA yA ahaMtA se vimukta cittvRtti| arthavattva = triguNoM kI vaha zakti jisase bhoga aura apavarga (mukti) kI prApti hotI hai| kAyasampat = rUpa, lAvaNya, bala aura kaThoratA ityAdi zArIrika guNa / vikaraNabhAva = indriyoM kA zarIranirapekSa vyaapaar| indriyoM kI paMcavidha avasthAoM para saMyama karane meM nipuNatA Ane para yaha siddhi prApta hotI hai| vizokA siddhi = antaHkaraNa ke sabhI bhAvoM para prabhutA tathA srvjnytaa| antaHkaraNajaya se yaha siddhi prApta hotI hai| madhumatI siddhi = pradhAna (mUlaprakRti) ko Atmavaza krnaa| isa siddhi kI prApti hone para yogI ko devatA sahayoga dete hai| sthAnI = deva devtaa| kaivalya = buddhi kI kriyAnivRtti aura puruSa kI bhognivRtti| isI ko buddhi aura puruSa kA "zuddhisAmya" kahA hai| 8 "kaivalyapAda" / prakRtyApUraNa := pUrvajanma ke guNadoSoM kA uttara janma meM saMkramaNa / nirmANacittAni = yogI ne svayaM nirmANa kie hue aneka zarIroM meM nirmita aneka citta / zukla karma = zubha phaladAyaka krm| kRSNa karma = azubha phaladAyaka karma / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 147 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhagavadgItA AdhyAtmika viSayoM meM sabhI dRSTi se paripUrNa upaniSad hai| isake pratyeka adhyAya kI puSpikA meM "yogazAstra" zabda AtA hai| arthAt bhagavadgItA yogazAstra paraka hai| isameM yoga zabda kA prayoga 80 sthAnoM para huA hai; jinameM adhikatara vaha karmayoga ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| bhagavadgItA meM jJAnayoga, bhaktiyoga, karmayoga aura rAjayoga kA pratipAdana huA hai| inameM mukhya pratipAdya yoga ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| lokamAnya tilakajI ne apane prakhyAta prabandha "gItArahasya" meM gItA meM karmayoga kA hI prAdhAnya hone kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ma. gAMdhI gItA ko anAsakti yoga paraka mAnate haiN| zaMkarAcArya jJAnayoga paraka kahate haiM aura jJAnezvara jaise vidvAna saMta bhaktiyoga para bala dete haiN| gItA ke chaTe adhyAya meM yogazAstra ke kriyAtmaka aMga kA upadeza huA hai| inake atirikta adhyAtmayoga, sAmyayoga, vibhUtiyoga ityAdi yogoM kA pratipAdana gItA meM milatA hai| 1 "bauddha jaina yoga" bauddha vAGmaya meM bhI eka pRthak sA yogazAstra pratipAdana huA hai jisakA svarUpa pAtaMjala yogapaddhati se milatA julatA hai| guhyasamAja nAmaka bauddha graMtha meM usa yoga kA vivaraNa huA hai| bauddha yogAcArya "SaDaMga yoga' mAnate hai| unameM prANAyAma pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ke sAtha anumati kA antarbhAva hai| anumati kA artha hai kisI bhI dhyeya kA avicchinna dhyAna jisase pratibhA kI utpatti hotI hai| jaina vAGmaya meM kalikAlasarvajJa hemacaMdra sUri kA yogazAstra athavA adhyAtmopaniSad suprasiddha hai| isake 12 prakAzoM meM se caturtha se 12 ve prakAza taka yogaviSayaka pratipAdana AtA hai| caturtha prakAra meM bAraha bhAvanAe~, cAra prakAra ke dhyAna, aura AsanoM ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai| pAMcaveM prakAza meM prANAyAma ke prakAroM aura kAlajJAna kA nirUpaNa hai| chaThe prakaraNa meM parakAya-praveza para prakAza DAlA hai| sAtaveM meM dhyAtA, dhyeya, dhAraNA aura dhyAna ke viSayoM kI carcA hai| AThaveM se gyArahaveM prakAzoM meM kramazaH padastha dhyAna, rUpastha dhyAna, rUpAtIta dhyAna aura zukla dhyAna kA svarUpa samajhAyA hai| bArahaveM prakAza meM yoga kI siddhi kA varNana AtA hai| isa graMtha para svayaM graMthakAra ne vRtti likhI hai jisakA zloka parimANa hai bAraha hjaar| dUsarI prasiddha TIkA hai indranandIkRta yogiramA / yogaviSayaka carcA meM maMtrayoga, layayoga aura haThahoga kI bhI carcA hotI hai| maMtroM ke japa se sAdhaka kI antaHstha zakti ubuddha hotI hai aura vaha anta meM mahAbhAva samAdhi kI avasthA meM jAtA hai, yaha maMtrayoga kA abhiprAya hai| layayoga ke anusAra annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya ityAdi jIva ke paMcakozoM kA AvaraNa, biMdudhyAna kI sAdhanA ke dvArA zithila hokara, kulakuNDalinI zakti ke utthAna ke kAraNa vaha sahasrAra cakrasthita zivatattva meM vilIna hotA hai| isI ko mahAlaya samAdhi kahate haiN| 10 "haThayoga" haThayoga kA pratipAdana gheraNDasaMhitA (gheraNDAcAryakRta) aura haThayoga-pradIpikA (AtmArAmakRta) ina do graMthoM meM savistara huA hai| matsyendranAtha aura gorakSanAtha ko haThayoga ke pramukha AcArya mAnA gayA hai| zaiva sampradAya, nAtha saMpradAya evaM bauddha yogAcAra saMpradAya meM haThayoga kI sAdhanA para bala diyA gayA hai| . gorakSanAta kRta siddhisiddhAnta-paddhati meM haThayoga kA svarUpa batAyA hai : hakAraH kIrtitaH sUryaH ThakArazcandra ucyte| sUryAcandramasoryogAd haThayogo nigdyte|| arthAt ha = sUryanADI (dAhinI nathunI) aura Tha = caMdranADI (bAyI nathunI) se bahane vAle zvAsavAyu ke aikya ko haThayoga kahate haiN| yaha kriyA atyaMta kaSTasAdhya hai| pAtaMjala yoga zAstra ke samAna haThayoga zAstra kI bhI viziSTa paribhASA hai| yahAM hama gheraNDasaMhatiA ke anusAra kucha mahatvaparNa paribhASika zabdoM kA vivaraNa dete haiM, jisase haThayoga kA svarUpa aMzataH spaSTa hogaa| zodhanakarma = dhautI, basti, neti, naulI, trATaka aura kapAlabhAti / ina kriyAoM ko zodhanakriyA yA SakriyA kahate haiN| dhauti = (cAra prakAra) antadhoti, dantadhauti, hRddhauti aura mUlazodhana / antadhoti = (cAra prakAra) vAtyasAra, vArisAra, vahnisAra aura bahiSkRta (yA prakSAlana) dantadhauti = (4 prakAra) dantamUla, jihvAmUla, karNarandhra aura kapAlarandhra / hRddhauti = (3 prakAra) daNDa, vamana aura vastra / basti = do prakAra jala aura shukl| kapAlabhAti = (3 prakAra) vAtakrama, vyutkrama aura shiitkrm| neti, naulI aura trATaka ke prakAra nahIM haiN| nAmaya ityAdi jIva ke paMcakI maMtrayoga kA abhiprAya hai kI antaHstha zakti 148 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ina SaT kyiAoM se ghaTazuddhi (arthAt zarIra kI nirmalatA) hotI hai aura vaha saba prakAra ke rogoM se tathA kapha, vAta, pitta ke doSoM se mukta hotA hai| jaTharAgni pradIpta hotA hai| ___ AsanoM ke saMbaMdha meM kahA hai ki unase zarIra meM dRDhatA AtI hai| "AsanAni samastAni yAvanto jIvajantavaH" sRSTi meM jitane bhI jIvajantu haiM, unakI zarIrAvasthA ke anusAra Asana ho sakate haiN| unameM 84 Asana karane yogya hai aura unameM bhI adholikhita 32 Asana uttama mAne jAte haiM : siddhaM padmaM tathA bhadraM muktaM vajraM ca svstikm| siMhaM ca gomukhaM vIraM dhanurAsanameva c|| mRtaM guptaM tathA matsya matsyendrAsanameva c| gorakSaM pazcimottAnam utkaTaM saMkaTaM tthaa|| mayUra kukkuTaM kUrma tathA cottaankuurmkm| uttAnamaNDukaM vRkSaM maMDukaM garUDaM vRssm|| zalabhaM makaram uSTraM bhujaMgaM yogmaasnm| dvAtriMzadAsanAni tu matye siddhipradAni c|| inameM siddha, padma, bhadra, mukta, vajra, svastika, siMha, mRta, ugra, gorakSa, makara aura bhujaMga ina bAraha AsanoM ke vizeSa lAbha batAye haiN| padma, bhadra, svastika, siMha aura bhujaMga Asana vyAdhinAzaka haiN| makara aura bhujaMga Asana dehAgnivardhaka haiN| padma, svastika aura ugra Asana marutsiddhidAyaka haiM aura siddha, mukta, vajra, ugra tathA gorakSa Asana siddhidAyaka haiN| mudrA : (kula prakAra 25) mahAbhadrA, nabhomudrA, uDDiyAna bandha, jAlaMdhara bandha, mUlabandha, mahAbandha, mahAvedha, khecarI, viparItakaraNI, yoni, vajroli, zakticAlinI, taDAgI, mANDUkI, zAmbhavI, pArthivI-dhAraNA, AmbhasI-dhAraNA, AgneyI-dhAraNA, vAyavI-dhAraNA, AkAzI-dhAraNA, AzvinI, pAzinI, kAkI, mAtaMginI aura bhujNginii| supta kuNDalinI zakti ko jAgrata karane ke hetu mudrAoM kI sAdhanA Avazyaka mAnI hai| (tasmAt sarvaprayatnena prbodhyitumiishvriim| brahmarandhramukhe suptAM mudrAbhyAsaM smaacret||) haThayoga meM kuNDalinI zakti kA utthApana atyaMta mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai| kiMbahunA kuNDalinI kA utthApana hI isa yoga kA . uddiSTa hai| kuNDalinI ke utthAna se sarva siddhiyoM kI prApti aura vyAdhi tathA mRtyu kA vinAza hotA hai| pratyAhAra se dhIratA kI prApti hotI hai| caMcala svabhAva ke kAraNa bAhara bhaTakane vAle mana ko AtmAbhimukha karanA yahI pratyAhAra hai| prANAyAma se lAghava prApta hotA hai| varSA aura grISma Rtu meM prANAyAma nahIM karanA cAhie tathA usakA prAraMbha nADIzuddhi hone para hI karanA caahie| nADIzuddhi ke liye samanu prANAyAma Avazyaka hote haiN| samuna ke tIna prakAra hote haiN| nirmanu, vAtasAra dhauti kA apara nAma hai| prANAyAma meM kumbhaka kriyA kA vizeSa mahattva hotA hai| kumbhaka ke ATha prakAra : sahitaH sUryabhedazva ujjAyI zItalI tthaa| bhastrikA bhrAmarI mUrchA kevalI cASTakumbhakAH / / prANAyAma kI siddhatA ke tIna lakSaNa hote haiN| prathama lakSaNa zarIra para pasInA aanaa| dvitIya - merukampa aura tRtIya lakSaNa hai bhUmityAga arthAt zarIra bhUmi se Upara utthnaa| yaha prANAyAma kI uttama siddhatA kA lakSaNa hai| khecaratvaM, roganAzaH shktibodhstthonmnii| Anando jAyate citte prANAyAmI sukhI bhvet|| yaha prANAyama kI phalazruti hai| isa zAstra meM zarIrastha vAyu ke dasa prakAra, sthAna aura kriyA, bheda se mAne jAte haiN| hRdayasthAna meM prANa / gudsthAna meM apAna / nAbhisthAna meM smaan| kaMThasthAna meM udAna / vyAna sarva zarIra meM vyApta hotA hai| ina pAMca vAyuoM ke atirikta, nAga = caitanyadAyaka, kUrma = nimeSaNakAraka, kRkala - kSudhAtRSAkAraka, devadatta = jRmbhA (jaMbhaI) kAraka aura dhanaMjaya = zabdakAraka hotA hai| dhyAna kA phala hai aatmsaakssaatkaar| dhyAna ke tIna prakAra : 1) sthUladhyAna : hRdayasthAna meM iSTa devatA kI mUrti kA dhyaan| 2) jyotirmayadhyAna : isake do prakAra hote haiM : (a) mUladhAracakra ke sthAna meM pradIpakalikAkRti brahmadhyAna (A) bhrUmadhyasthAna meM jvAlAvalIyukta praNavAkAra kA dhyaan| 3) sUkSmadhyAna : zAmbhavI mudrA ke sAtha netrarandhra meM rAjamArgasthAna para vihAra karatI huI kuNDalinI kA dhyAna / haThayoga zAstrakAra sUkSmadhyAna kA sarvotkRSTa mahattva batAte haiN| rAjayoga ke samAna haThayoga kA bhI aMtima aMga hai smaadhi| "ghaTAt bhinnaM manaH kRtvA aikyaM kuryAt praatmni|" arthAt mana ko zarIra se pRthak kara paramAtmA meM sthira rakhanA yaha samAdhi kA eka abhyAsa hai, tathA "saccidAnandarUpo'ham" yaha dhAraNA rakhanA dUsarA abhyAsa hai| haThayoga kI SaDaMga sAdhanA kI pariNati samAdhi kI sAdhanA meM hotI hai| gheraNDasaMhitA ke anusAra zAMbhavI, khecarI bhrAmarI aura yonimudrA kI tathA sthUladhyAna kI sAdhanA se samAdhi sukha kA lAbha sAdhaka ko hotA hai| zAmbhavImudrA meM dhyAnayoga samAdhi kI sAdhanA se divya rUpadarzana kA AnaMda milatA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /149 For Private and Personal Use Only

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khecarI mudrA meM nAdayoga samAdhi kI sAdhanA se divya zabda- ke zravaNa kA AnaMda milatA hai| yonimudrA meM layayoga samAdhi kI sAdhanA se divya sparzAnanda kA anubhava AtA hai| isa prakAra divya zabda sparzAdi ke anubhava ko samAdhi sukha kahA hai| inake atirikta bhaktiyogasamAdhi (svakIye hRdaye dhyAyed iSTadevasvarUpakam) aura rAjayogasamAdhi (mR kumbhakena dhruvorantare Atmani manaso layaH) milA kara samAdhi ke chaha prakAra mAne jAte haiN| haThayoga kI saMpUrNa sAdhanA kisI adhikArI mArgadarzaka guru ke AdezAnusAra hI karanA Avazyaka hai, anyathA viparIta pariNAma ho sakate haiN| 11 "bhaktiyoga" rAjayoga aura haThayoga ke samAna bhaktiyoga kA pratipAdana yogazAstra ke antargata hotA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM kucha vidvAnoM ne bhaktitattva kA mUla IsAI mata meM batAte hue bhArata meM usakA pracAra IsAI dharma ke kAraNa mAnA hai| paraMtu unakA yaha mata durAgrahamUlaka evaM nirAdhAra hone ke kAraNa bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne aneka pramANoM se usakA khaMDana kiyA hai| Rgveda ke sabhI sUkta devatAstuti pradhAna haiM aura una sabhI stutiyoM meM devatA viSayaka bhaktibhAva utkaTatA se vyakta huA hai| paraMtu saMhitA aura brAhmaNoM meM "bhakti" zabda kA abhAva hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM "yasya deve parA bhaktiH yathA deve tathA gurau| tasyaite kathitA hyAH prakAzante mahAtmanaH / / " (bhAvArtha - jisake hRdaya meM Izvara evaM guru ke prati parama bhakti hotI hai, usI mahAtmA ko upaniSad meM pratipAdita guhyArtha svataH prakAzita hote haiN| vedAntargata bhaktitattva kA savistara vivaraNa evaM sArvatrika pracAra aura prasAra karane kA kArya bhagavAn vyAsane apane purANoM dvArA kiyaa| zaiva purANoM meM zivabhakti aura vaiSNava purANoM meM viSNubhakti kA aikAMtika aura AtyaMtika mahattva adbhuta AkhyAno, upAkhyAnoM evaM saMvAdoM dvArA pratipAdana kiyA hai| zrImadbhAgavat purANa, rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhAratAntargata bhagavadgItA bhaktimArgI vaiSNavoM ke parama pramANa graMtha haiN| zrImadbhAgavata to bhaktirasa kA amRtodadhi hai| ahirbudhyasaMhitA, IzvarasaMhitA, kapijalasaMhitA, jayAkhyasaMhitA ityAdi pAMcarAtra matAnukUla saMhitAoM meM bhaktiyoga kA ananya mahatva pratipAdana kiyA hai| saMpUrNa pAMcarAtra vAGmaya bhakti kA hI mahattva pratipAdana karatA hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM zravaNaM kIrtanaM viSNoH smaraNaM paadsevnm| arcanaM vadanaM dAsyaM sakhyam aatmnivednm|| isa prasiddha zloka meM bhakti kI nau vidhAe~ batAyI haiN| unameM zravaNa, kIrtana, smaraNa, paramAtmA ke prati dRDha avicala zraddhA nirmANa karate haiN| pAdasevana, arcana aura vandana, saguNa upAsanA kI sAdhanA ke aMga haiM aura dAsya sakhya tathA Atmanivedana bhakta ke AMtarika bhAva se saMbaMdhita aMga haiN| aMtima AtmanivedanAtmikI bhakti sarvazreSTha mAnI jAtI hai| apanA sArasarvasva paramAtmA ke prati samarpaNa karate hue kevala usakI kRpA ko hI apanA ekamAtra AdhAra mAnanA, yahI isa aMtima bhakti kA svarUpa hai| isa bhaktiyoga kA eka pramANabhUta zAstrIya graMtha hai "naardbhktisuutr"| isameM 84 sUtroM meM bhaktiyoga kA yathocita pratipAdana kiyA hai| bhakti kA svarUpalakSaNa, "sA tu asmin paramapremasvarUpA amRtasvarUpA ca / " (arthAta bhakti paramAtmA ke prati parapremamaya hotI hai aura vaha mokSa svarUpa bhI hai, yAne bhakti hI parama puruSArtha hai|) ina prAraMbhika sUtroM meM batA kara, sUtrakAra nArada apanA abhiprAya "nAradastu tadarpitA'khilAcAratA, tadvismaraNe paramavyAkulatA ceti" (arthAt apanA sArA vyavahAra IzvarArpaNa buddhi se karanA aura usa ArAdhya devatA kA vismaraNa hote hI hRdaya meM atyaMta vyAkulatA nirmANa honA) isa sUtra meM vyakta karate haiN| nArada bhaktisUtra meM bhakti kA vibhAjana 11 prakAra kI AsaktiyoM meM kiyA hai| 1) guNamAhAtmyAsakti : nArada, vyAsa, zuka, zaunaka, zANDilya, bhISma aura arjuna isa Asakti ke pratIka haiN| 2) rUpAsakti : isake udAharaNa haiM vraja kI gopstriyaaN| 3) pUjAsakti : lakSmI, pRthu, aMbarISa aura bharata isake Adarza haiN| 4) smaraNAsakti : dhruva, prahlAda, sanaka usake Adarza haiN| 5) dAsyAsakti : hanumAna, akrUra, vidura isake udAharaNa haiN| 6) sakhyAsakti : arjuna, uddhava, saMjaya aura sudAmA isake Adarza haiN| 7) kAntAsakti : rukmiNI, satyabhAmA ityAdi bhagavAn zrIkRSNa kI aSTanAyikAeM isakI Adarza haiN| 8) vAtsalyAsakti : kazyapa-aditi, dazaratha-kausalyA, naMda-yazodA, vasudeva-devakI isake Adarza haiN| 9) AtmanivedanAsakti : aMbarISa, bali, vibhISaNa aura zibi isake Adarza haiN| 10) tanmayatAsakti : yAjJavAkya, zuka, sanakAdi isake Adarza haiN| 150/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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11) paramavirahAsakti : vajra ke gopa gopiyA~ aura uddhava isake Adarza haiN| ina 11 AsaktiyoM meM se kisI na kisI Asakti kA udAharaNa paurANika bhaktoM ke samAna aitihAsika bhaktoM ke bhI jIvana caritroM meM milate haiM tathA unake kAvyoM meM yaha AsaktiyAM sarvatra vyaMjita hotI haiN| isI bhakti rasa ke kAraNa saMtoM kI vANI amRtamadhura huI hai| nAstika ke bhI hRdaya meM bhagavadbhakti aMkurita karane kI zakti unake kavitva meM isI kAraNa samAyI hai| bhaktiyoga kA tAttvika vivecana zANDilyasUtroM meM bhI huA hai| rUpagosvAmI kA bhaktirasAmRtasiMdhu aura ujjvalanIlamaNi, madhusUdana-sarasvatI kA bhaktirasAyana, vallabhAcAryakRta subodhinI nAmaka zrImadbhAgavata kI TIkA, nArAyaNa bhaTTakRta bhakticandrikA ityAdi graMthoM meM, evaM rAmAnuja, vallabha, madhva, niMbArka, caitanya ityAdi vaiSNava AcAryoM ne apane bhASya graMthoM meM yathAsthAna bhaktiyoga kA vivaraNa aura sarvazreSThatva pratipAdana kiyA hai| caitanya mahAprabhu ne bhakti ko "paMcama puruSArtha' mAnA hai tathA bhakti kA AvirbhAva paramAtmA kI saMvit aura hlAdinI zaktidvArA hone ke kAraNa, use bhagavatsvarUpiNI mAnA hai| sabhI AcAryoM ne "mokSasAdhanasAmagrayAM bhaktireva garIyasI" yaha siddhAnta mAnA hai| bhaktimArgI AcAryoM meM bhakti ke do pramukha bheda mAne haiN| 1) gauNI aura 2) praa| gauNI bhakti yAne bhajana, pUjana, kIrtana Adi sAdhanarUpa hai aura parAbhakti (jJAnottara bhakti) sAdhyarUpa hai| gauNI bhakti ke do bheda 1) vaidhI (zAsrokta vidhi ke anusAra ArAdhanA) aura 2) rAgAnugA (jisameM bhakti kA rasAsvAda evaM parama nirviSaya AnaMda kA anubhava AtA hai| sAdhanarUpa gauNI bhakti ke pAMca aMga haiN| 1) upAsaka 2) upAsya 3) pUjAdravya 4) pUjAvidhi aura 5) mNtrjp| bhagavadgItA meM caturvidhA bhajante mAM janAH sukRtino'rjuna / Arto jijJAsurarthArthI jJAnI ca bhrtrssbh|| (7-16) isa zloka meM Arta, jijJAsu, arthArthI aura jJAnI saMjJaka bhaktoM ke cAra bheda batAte hue bhakti ke bhI cAra prakAra sUcita kiye haiN| unameM se pahale tIna prakAra ko 1) saguNa bhakti aura aMtima prakAra ko nirguNa bhakti mAnate haiN| "priyo hi jJAnino'tyartham ahaM sa ca mama priyaH" isa vacana se "vAsudevaH sarvam"- jJAnayukta bhakti kI sarvazreSThatA gItA meM udghoSita kI hai| jJAnI bhakta kI bhakti ahaitukI, niSkAma hotI hai| bhagavatsevA ko hI parama puruSArtha mAna kara jJAnI bhakta kI bhaktiyoga sAdhanA calatI hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM bhakti kA vyApaka svarUpa___ "kAma krodhaM bhayaM sneham aikyaM sauhadameva c| nityaM harau vidadhato yAnti tanmayatAM hi te / / (10-29-15) isa zloka meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa vacana ke anusAra bhaktiyoga yAne Izvara se vRtti kI tanmayatA dvArA saMbaMdha jodd'naa| vaha saMbaMdha cAhe jaisA ho- kAma kA ho, krodha kA ho, bhaya kA ho, sneha, nAtedArI yA sauhArda kA ho| cAhe jisa bhAva se bhagavAn meM nitya nirantara apanI vRttiyAM jor3a dI jAyeM to ve bhagavAna se juDatI haiN| ve bhagavanmaya ho jAtI haiM aura usa jIva ko bhagavAn kI prApti hotI hai| isI vyApaka bhakti siddhAnta ke kAraNa hiraNyAkSa, hiraNyakazipu, rAvaNa, kaMsa, zizupAla jaise asuroM ke Izvaradroha ko "virodha bhakti" aura gopiyoM ke zRMgArika Asakti ko madhurA bhakti mAnA jAtA hai| 12 "karmayoga" bhagavadgItA meM pratipAdita yogazAstra ke antargata karmayoga kA pratipAdana AtA hai| vastutaH "karmayoga" kI saMkalpanA bhagavadgItA kI hI dena hai| gItA ke tIsare adhyAya kA nAma hai "karmayoga" jisameM karma kI AvazyakatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| tIsare adhyAya ke tIsare zloka meM jJAnayoga aura karmayoga nAmaka do niSThAoM kA nirdeza huA hai| pAMcaveM adhyAya ke dvitIya zloka meM, saMnyAsa aura karmayoga kI niHzreyas prApti kI dRSTi se samAnatA hote hue bhI "karmayogI viziSyate" isa vAkya meM karmayoga kA vizeSa mahattva bhagavAna ghoSita karate haiN| isa karmayoga kI paraMparA vivasvAn, manu, ikSvAku ke dvArA prAcInatama kAla se dIrgha kAla taka calatI rahI, paraMtu vaha paramparA utpanna ho kara, karmayoga naSTa sA ho gyaa| bhagavadgItA meM usI kA punarusthAna kiyA gayA hai| vaidika karmakANDa aura gItokta karmayoga meM bahuta antara hai| karmakANDa mukhyataH yajJakarma se saMbaMdhita hai| "yajJo vai zreSThatamaM karma" yaha siddhAnta vaidika karmakANDa meM mAnA jAtA hai| karmayoga meM cittazuddhi aura lokasaMgraha ke hetu niyata karma kA mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| karmakANDa ke aMgabhUta yajJarUpa karma kA phala svargaprApti hai to "karmaNaiva hi saMsiddhim AsthitA janakAdayaH" (janakAdika rAjarSiyoM ko karmayoga ke AcaraNa se hi saMsiddhi arthAta mukti prApta huI) isa vacana ke anusAra karmayoga kA phala mukti batAyA gayA hai| paraMtu "karmaNA badhyate jantuH" yaha zAstrokta siddhAnta sarvamAnya hone ke kAraNa, niyatakarma ke AcaraNa se mokSa kI prApti kaise ho sakatI hai, yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai / gItokta karmayoga zAstra ne usakA uttara diyA hai| __ karma se jIva ko bandhana prApta hone kA eka kAraNa hai, kartRtva kA ahaMkAra aura dUsarA kAraNa hai karmaphala kI aaskti| karmabandhana ke ina do kAraNoM ko TAla kara, arthAt kartatva kA ahaMkAra chor3a kara tathA kisI niyata karma ke phala kI AzA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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na rakhate hue karma kA AcaraNa karane se karmabaMdhana (jo punarjanma kA kAraNa hai) nahIM lgtaa| isa kauzalya se karma karane se (yogaH karmasu kauzalam) cittazuddhi hotI hai| usase AtmajJAna kA udaya ho kara karmayogI ko jIvanamukta avasthA kI saMsiri prApta hotI hai| aisI AtmajJAna pUrNa jIvanmukta avasthA meM, bhagavAn kRSNa ke samAna niyata yA prApta karmoM kA AcaraNa karane se "lokasaMgraha" hotA hai| AtmajJAna (arthAt AtmAnubhava) hone para vAstavika kisI karmAcaraNa kI AvazyakatA na hone para bhI, "lokasaMgraha" ke nimitta karmayoga kA anuSThAna karanA nitAMta AvazyakatA hai| "lokasaMgraha" zabda kA artha, zrI zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra "lokasya unmArgapravRttinivAraNam" aura madhusUdana sarasvatI ke anusAra "svadharma sthApanaM ca" arthAt ajJAnI logoM ko adhArmika aura anaitika karmoM se parAvRtta karanA aura svadharma kI ora pravRtta karanA, yaha sarvamAnya hai| jJAnI puruSa nirahaMkAra aura niSkAma buddhi se yA IzvarArpaNa buddhi se karma nahIM kareMge aura sarvathA karmatyAga yA karmasaMnyAsa (jo tattvataH asaMbhava hai) kareMge to sAmAnya janatA kA jIvana dizAhIna yA AdarzahIna ho kara, usakA nAza hogaa| bhagavadgItokta karmayoga ke vaiyaktika dRSTyA, sattvazuddhi (athavA cittazuddhi) tathA sAmAjika dRSTyA "lokasaMgraha" isa prakAra dvividha lAbha hone se usakI zreSThatA mAnI hai| gItokta karmayoga ke saMbaMdha atyaMta mArmika evaM cikitsaka vivecana mahAn dezabhakta evaM tattvajJAnI lokamAnya bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka mahArAja ne apane gItArahasya yA karmayogazAstra nAmaka prakhyAta marAThI prabaMdha (pRSThasaMkhyA 864) meM kiyA hai| isa prabandha meM karmayoga viSayaka sabhI vivAdya viSayoM kA sapramANa parAmarza liyA gayA hai| isa graMtha kA puNe ke DaoN. AThalekara ne saMskRta meM anuvAda kiyA hai (aprkaashit)| bhArata kI sabhI pramukha bhASAoM tathA aMgrejI, jarmana, phreMca, cInI Adi parakIya bhASAoM bhI isa mahAn graMtha ke anuvAda hue haiN| 13 "jJAnayoga" bhagavadgItA meM jJAnayoga zabda kA prayoga huA hai paraMtu jisa prakAra karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga nAmaka svataMtra adhyAya vahAM haiM, vaisA jJAnayoga nAmaka svataMtra adhyAya nahIM hai| jJAnayoga kA saMbaMdha vedoM ke jJAnakANDa se jor3A jA sakatA hai| jJAnakANDI vidvAnoM kA pramukha siddhAnta hai, "jJAnodeva tu kaivalyam" evaM "tattvajJAnAdhigamAt niHzreyAdhigamaH / / " / arthAt kaivalya yA niHzreyas kI prApti jJAna se (tattvajJAna se) hI hotI hai| tattvajJAna zabda kA artha hai - vastu kA jo yathArtharUpa ho, usakA usI prakAra se anubhava krnaa| jJAnayoga (yA jJAnamArga) meM isa samasta vizva ke Adi kAraNa ke, yathArtha jJAna (arthAt anubhavAtmaka jJAna) ko hI niHzreyas kA ekamAtra sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai| sAtha hI "mo'haM" (vaha vizva kA AdikAraNa hI mai (yAne isa paMcakozAtmaka zarIra meM prasphurita hone vAlA caitanya) hUM), isa anubhUti ko AvazyakatA hotI hai| isa prakAra kA jJAna adhyAtmaviSayaka upaniSadAdi graMthoM tathA dArzanika graMthoM ke zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana kI sAdhanA se jiJjAsu ke hRdaya meM, IzvarakRpA se yA gurukRpA se utpanna hotA hai| jJAnayoga meM "adhikAra" prApta karane ke lie nityAnitya-vastu-viveka, ihAmutraphalabhogavirAga, yamaniyAmadi-vratapAlana aura tIvra mumukSA ina cAra guNoM kI nitAnta AvazyakatA mAnI gayI hai| isI kAraNa saMnyAsI avasthA meM jJAnayoga kI sAdhanA zreyaskara mAnI gayI hai| (cittazuddhi paraka) karmayoga aura (bhagavatakRpA paraka) bhaktiyoga dvArA, jJAnayoga meM kuzalatA prApta hotI hai| pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna, samAdhi kA bhI abhyAsa (tattvAnubhUti paraka) jJAnayoga meM pragati pAne ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai| yaha pragati sAta bhUmikAoM yA avasthAoM meM yathAkrama hotI hai| bhUmikAeM :- 1) zubhecchA : AtmakalyANa ke hetu kucha karane kI utkaTa icchA honaa| 2) vicAraNA : sadgraMthoM ke zravaNa aura cintana se citta kI caMcalatA kSINa honaa| 3) tanumAnasA : saMprajJAta samAdhi ke dRDha abhyAsa se, anAhatanAda, divya prakAza darzana jaise anubhava kA sAttvika AnaMda milnaa| 4) sattvApatti : laukika vyavahAra karate hue bhI akhaNDita AtmAnusandhAna rhnaa| 5) asaMsakti : isa bhUmikA meM sthita sAdhaka ko "brahmavidvara" kahate haiN| vaha nitya samAdhistha rahatA hai| kevala prArabdha karmoM kA kSaya hone ke liye hI vaha dehadhAraNa karatA hai| kisI bhI prakAra kI Apatti se vaha vicalita nahIM hotaa| 6) padArthabhAvanA : nitya Anandamaya avasthA meM rhnaa| zrImadbhAgavata meM varNita jaDabharata kI yahI avasthA thii| 7) turyagA "brahmavid brahmaiva bhavati" isa vacana ke anusAra "ahaM brahmA'smi" yaha aMtima advaitAnubhUti kI avasthA / jJAnayoga kA yahI aMtima uddiSTa hai| 152 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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granthA ko adhika mahattvapUrNa mAthI ko hI "paMcama veda" M laka mAnI jAtI hai| devIbhAgavata 1 "tAMtrika vAGmaya" saMkta bhASA kA tAMtrika vAGmaya sarvathA apUrva hai| yaha atyaMta prAcIna, vaicitryapUrNa tathA vaidika vAGmaya se bhI adhika vistRta evaM vyApaka hai| aeNvhelaoNna ke matAnusAra taMtragraMthoM kI saMkhyA eka lAkha se adhika thii| kucha tAMtrika graMtha I. pU. prathama zatI ke mAne gaye haiN| bahusaMkhya taMtragraMtha ziva-pArvatI saMvAdAtmaka hai| ziva pArvatI ke vividha svarUpoM ke kAraNa zaiva aura zAkta taMtroM meM vividhatA nirmANa huI hai| vaiSNava taMtroM meM viSNu ke vividha avatAroM dvArA aura bauddha taMtroM meM buddha dvArA taMtrajJAna kA pratipAdana huA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya meM taMtra zabda kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM kiyA huA hai| ApaTe ke saMskRta-aMgrejI koza meM isa zabda ke 31 vividha artha diye haiN| usI prakAra vAmanAcArya jhaLakIkara ke nyAyakoza meM isI eka zabda ke 15 pAribhASika artha sodAharaNa diye haiN| "tanyate vistAryate bahUnAm upakAraH yena sakRt pravartitena tat tantram' isa prakAra taMtra zabda kI nirukti mAdhavAcArya ke jaiminIya nyAyamAlA meM dI hai| tAMtrika vAGmaya meM antarbhUta hone vAle prAcIna mahAna graMtha zAradA lipi meM likhe gaye the| unameM vAmakezvara taMtra nAmaka graMtha meM 64 prakAra ke taMtroM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| zAbarataMtra nAmaka graMtha meM saMskRta, hiMdI, marAThI aura gujarAtI ina cAra bhASAoM meM daivatasiddhi ke maMtra diye hai| inhIM maMtroM ko zAbaramaMtra kahate haiN| zAbaramaMtra meM AdinAthAdika bAraha kApAlikoM ke evaM nAgArjuna, jaDabharata, harizcandra, ityAdi aneka taMtramArga pravartakoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| kullUkabhaTa ke anusAra IzvarapraNIta dharmagrandha do prakAra ke hote haiM 1) vaidika aura 2) tAMtrika (dvividhA hi IzvarapraNItAH maMtragraMthA, vaidikAH tAMtrikAzca / ) jina dharmaniSTha logoM kI taMtramArga para AtyaMtika niSThA hotI hai, ve taMtragraMthoM ko hI "paMcama veda" mAnate haiN| baMgAla ke zAkta loga to vedoM se bhI taMtragranthoM ko adhika mahattvapUrNa mAnate haiN| bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti nigamAgamamUlaka mAnI jAtI hai| devIbhAgavata (1-5-61) meM "nigamyate jJAyate anena iti nigamaH" tathA vAcaspati mizra ke tattvavaizAradI (yogasUtroM kI TIkA) meM "Agacchanti buddhim Arohanti yasmAd abhyudaya-niHzreyasopAyAH sa AgamaH" (1-7) isa prakAra nigama aura Agama zabdoM kI niyukti dI gaI hai| prAcIna kAla se pAramArthika sAdhanA kI ye do dhArAyeM bhArata meM calI A rahI haiN| chAMdogya (5-8) aura bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada meM varNita paMcAgni vidyA ke prasaMgoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vaidika tathA Agamika pUjA kI paddhati sAtha sAtha pracalita thii| paraMparA ke anusAra AgamazAstra ke pravartaka AdinAtha zaMkara athavA AdikartA nArAyaNa mAne jAte haiN| zAradAtilaka ke anusAra "AgataM zivavakrebhyo gataM ca girijaashrutau| tadAgama iti proktaM zAstraM paramapAvanam / / isa zloka meM AgamazAstra kI IzvaramUlakatA athavA apauruSeyatA batAyI jAtI hai| taMtrazAstra ke zreSTha graMthakAra bhAskararAya tathA rAghavabhaTTa ke matAnusAra zruti ke anugata hone ke kAraNa taMtroM kA "parataHprAmANya" hai| kintu zrIkaNThAcArya AgamoM ko zruti ke samAna "svataHpramANa' mAnate haiN| kulArNava taMtra meM kaulAgama ko 'vedAtmaka zAstra' kahA hai to zAradAtilaka ke TIkAkAra rAghavabhaTTa AgamoM (arthAt taMtroM ko) smRtizAstra mAnate haiM aura usakA antarbhAva veda ke upAsanAkANDa meM karate haiN| isa prakAra paraMparA ke anusAra Agama taMtrazAstra vedatulya mAnA gayA hai| bheda kevala itanA hI hai ki nigama (veda) brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya ina tIna vargoM ke lie grAhya mAnA hai paraMtu Agama (taMtravidyA) cAro varNoM ke liye grAhya hai| vyApaka dRSTi se taMtragraMthoM ke anuzIlana se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki taMtra do prakAra ke haiM 1) vedAnukUla tathA 2) vedabAhya / tAMtrika vAGmaya meM vedatvAhya taMtroM kA pramANa bharapUra hai| inake AcAra aura pUjA prakAra vaidika taMtroM se viparIta haiN| vedAnukUla taMtroM ke upAsyabheda ke kAraNa tIna prakAra mAne jAte hai 1) vaiSNavAgama (yA pAMcarAtra athavA bhAgavata) 2) zaivAgama aura 3) shaaktaagm| rAmAnuja ke matAnusAra pAMcarAtra Agama viziSTAdvaita kA pratipAdaka hai| zaiva Agama meM dvaita, advaita aura viziSTAdvaita ina tInoM matoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura zaktipUjaka zAktAgama sarvathA advaita kA pratipAdana karatA hai| rudrAgama aura bhairavAgama kA antarbhAva zaivAgama meM hI hotA hai| AgamoM kA carama uddezya mokSa hone para bhI, paravartI pravAha kevala mAraNa, mohana, uccATana, vazIkaraNa Adi kSudra tAmasI uddezyoM kI pUrti ke liye pravAhita huA aura sAdhu saMtoM dvArA varjita mAnA gyaa| taMtrazAstra ke sabhI vibhAgoM meM 1) jJAna 2) yoga 3) caryA aura 4) kriyA nAmaka cAra pAda hote haiN| AgamAnta zaiva athavA zuddha zaiva saMpradAya kA pracAra dakSiNa bhArata meM vizeSa hai| ye sampradAya zaiva AgamoM para AdhArita haiN| zaivAgamoM kI saMkhyA 28 hai jinameM pati (ziva), pazu (jIva) aura pAza (mala, karma, mAyA) ina tIna padArthoM para tAMtrika darzana kA vistAra kiyA hai| zArIrakasUtra ke pAzaSupatAdhikaraNa meM "patyurasAmaMjasyAt' (2-2-35) isa sUtra meM zaivAgama zrutivirodhI hone ke kAraNa vaidikoM ke liye apramANa kahe gaye haiN| usI prakAra zAktAgama (vizeSataH vAmAcAra) bhI apramANa mAnA gayA hai| kintu zAktoM kA dakSiNAcAra paMtha aura vaiSNavAgama vaidikoM ke liye pramANa mAne gaye hai| zaivAgama ke kApAlika, kAlamukha, pAzupata aura zaiva nAmaka cAra prakAroM meM se aMtima (zaiva) Agama ke kAzmIra aura zaiva siddhAnta nAmaka do upabheda mAne gaye haiN| kAzmIrI AgamoM kA uttara bhArata meM aura aMzataH dakSiNa bhArata meM pracAra hai| zaivasiddhAnta kA pracAra kevala dakSiNa bhArata meM hI hai| isa saMbaMdha me yaha itihAsa kAraNa batAyA jAtA hai ki godAvarI ke taTapara bhadrakAlI ke pITha meM zaivoM kA nivAsa thaa| vahAM unake cAra maTha the| rAjendra cola jaba digvijaya ke nimitta saMcAra karate hue vahAM pahuMce taba unhoMne ina zaivoM ko apane pradeza meM vAstavya karane kI prArthanA kii| tadanusAra toDaimaMDala aura colamaMDala meM zaivoM ne nivAsa kiyaa| isI sthAna se zaiva saMpradAya kA dakSiNa bhArata meM pracAra huaa| zaivAgama ke graMthoM kI racanA isI kAla meM mAnI jAtI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 153 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aura zaiva tathA raudra AgAma yojaka, ciMtya, kAraNa, Ajata gairava, makuTa, paMcAmnAya : paraMparAnusAra AgamoM (yA taMtroM) kI utpatti bhagavAna ziva ke pAMca mukhoM se mAnI gayI hai| pAMca mukhoM ke nAma hai : 1) sadyojAta 2) vAmadeva 3) aghora 4) satpura aura 5) iishaan| ina mukhoM se nirgata AgamoM kI kula saMkhyA 28 hai| paMcAmnAya ke antargata 28 AgamoM ke nAma aura zaiva tathA raudra AgamoM meM antarbhUta 28 AgamoM ke nAmoM meM kucha sAmya hai| aThThAIsa zaivAgamoM ke do vibhAga haiM : 1) zaivAgama = kAmika, yojaka, ciMtya, kAraNa, ajita, dIpta, sUkSma, sahasra, aMzumAna aura suprabha (yA suprabheda) (kula 10) / 2) raudrika Agama = vijaya, nizvAsa, svAyaMbhuva, Agneyaka, bhadra, raurava, makuTa, vimala, caMdrahAsa, mukhabiMba, prodgIta, lalita, siddha, saMtAna, nArasiMha, (sarvokta yA sarvottara) paramezvara, kiraNa aura para (yA vAtula) (kula 18) / 64 bhairavAgama : zrIkaMThI saMhitA meM isa taMtra ke "aSTaka' nAmaka ATha vibhAga haiN| ina aSTakoM ke nAma haiM : 1) bhairavASTaka 2) yAmalASTaka, 3) matASTaka, 4) maMgalASTaka, bha) cakrASTaka, 6) bahurUpASTaka, 7) vAgIzASTaka aura 8) shikhaassttk| ina ATha aSTakoM meM pratyekazaH ATha taMtroM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| isa prakAra bhairavAgamoM kI saMkhyA 64 mAnI gayI hai| inameM bhairavASTaka, yAmalASTaka aura matASTaka ke aMtima bhAga aprApya hone ke kAraNa 64 saMkhyA pUrNa nahIM hotii| 64 taMtra : AgamatattvavilAsa meM nimnalikhita 64 taMtroM kI nAmAvalI prastuta kI hai :- svataMtra, phetkArI, uttara, nIla, vIra, kumArI, kAla, nArAyaNI, bAlA, samayAcAra, bhairava, bhairavI, tripurA, vAmakezvara, kukkuTezvara, mAtRkA, sanatkumAra, vizuddhezvara, saMmohana, gautamIya, bRhadgautamIya, bhUta-bhairava, cAmuNDA, piMgalA, vArAhI, muNDamAlA, yoginI, mAlinIvijaya, svacchaMdabhairava, mahA, zakti, ciMtAmaNi, unmattabhairava, trailokyasAra, vizvasAra, taMtrAmRta, mahAphetkArI, vAyavIya, toDala, mAlinI, lalitA, trizakti, rAjarAjezvarI, mahAmAhasvarotara, gavAkSa, gAMdharva, trailokyamohana, haMsapAramezvara, kAmadhenu, varNavilAsa, mAyA, maMtrarAja, kuntikA, vijJAnalatikA, liMgAgama, kAlotara, brahmayAmala, AdiyAmala, rUdrayAmala, bRhadyAmala, siddhayAmala aura kalpasUtra / bhairavAgama ke ATha aSTakoM meM antarbhUta 64 AgamoM ke nAma ina 64 taMtroM se alaga haiN| sUtrapaMcaka : nizvAsa-saMhitA (I. 7 vIM zatI) nAmaka grantha nepAla meM prApta huaa| isa meM laukikasUtra, mUlasUtra, uttarasUtra, nayanasUtra aura gRhyasUtra nAmaka pAca vibhAga haiN| inameM laukikasUtra upekSita hai| utarasUtra meM 18 prAcIna zivasUtroM kA ullekha milatA hai| zubhAgamapaMcaka : vasiSThasaMhitA, sanakasaMhitA, sanaMdanasaMhitA, zukasaMhitA aura sanatkumArasaMhitA ina pAMca ArSa saMhitAoM ko "zubhAgama" kahate haiN| ina saMhitAoM kA tAMtrikoM ke samayAcAra meM antarbhAva hotA hai| samayAcAra kA hI aparanAma hai kaula maarg| zrIvidyAsaMpradAya : tAMtrikoM ke isa saMpradAya meM kAdi, hAdi aura kahAdi nAmaka tIna taMtrabheda mAne jAte haiN| kAdi vibhAga meM pradhAna devatA kAlI hai| isa mata meM tripurA upaniSad aura bhAvanopaniSad vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| hAditamata meM tripurAsuMdarI pradhAna devatA hai| tripurAtApinI upaniSad meM isa mata kA pratipAdana huA hai| durvAsA muni hAdi vidyA ke upAsaka mAne jAte haiN| ___ kahAdi-mata meM tArA athavA nIlasarasvatI pradhAna devatA hai| ka aura ha varNa mahAmaMtra haiM, kakAra se brahmarUpatA aura hakAra se zivarUpatA kI prApti isa mata meM mAnI jAtI hai| baMgAla meM viracita tAMtrika graMthoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| zyAmArahasya, tArArahasya, chinnamastAmaMtrarahasya, mahAnirvANataMtra, kulArNavataMtra, bRhatkAlInataMtra, cAmuMDAtaMtra, bagalAtaMtra ityAdi baMgAlI AcAryoM ke mahattvapUrNa graMthoM meM anya tAMtrikoM ke anaitika vAmAcAra ko TAla kara taMtrAcAra kA zuddhIkaraNa karane kA prayAsa huA hai| tAMtrika graMthoM meM upaniSada, sUtra, mUlataMtra, sAragraMtha, vidhividhAnasaMgraha, svataMtraprabaMdha, vivaraNa ityAdi vividha prakAra hote haiN| parazurAma kalpasUtra jaise graMthoM ko tAMtrika karmakANDa meM vaidika kalpasUtroM jaisI mAnyatA dI jAtI hai| tAMtrika upaniSad graMtha : zaiva, zAkta aura vaiSNava saMpradAyoM meM mAnyatA prApta tAMtrika upaniSadoM kI saMkhyA kAphI baDI hai| prastuta koza meM aneka taMtrika upaniSadoM kA yathAsthAna saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| ina upaniSadoM kI racanAzailI ApAtataH vaidika upaniSadoM ka samAna hai| paraMtu bhASA kI dRSTi se ve utarakAlIna pratIta hote haiN| tAMtrika sAdhakoM kI dRSTi meM ina upaniSadoM ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| taMtravyAkaraNa, zaivavyAkaraNa ityAdi graMthoM meM tAMtrika-vyutpatti kA mArgadarzana kiyA hai| isa paddhati meM varNamAlA ke akSaroM ke gUDha arthoM kA vivecana adhika mAtrA meM hotA hai| yAmalagraMtha : tAMtrika Agama graMthoM ke bAda rudra, skanda, viSNu, yama, vAyu, kubera aura indra ina devatAoM ke nAmoM se saMbaMdhita yAmala graMthoM kI racanA huii| jayadrathayAmala nAmaka 24 hajAra zlokoM kA graMtha brahmayAmala kA pariziSTa mAnA jAtA hai aura piMgalamata yAmala, jayadratha yAmala kA pariziSTa hai / yAmala graMthoM ke nirmAtAoM ne tAMtrika sAdhanA meM jAtibheda ko sthAna nahIM diyaa| sAragraMtha : ina graMthoM meM tAMtrika vidhi-vidhAnoM kA savistara pratipAdana milatA hai| isa prakAra ke tAMtrika graMthoM kI racanA bhArata ke sabhI pradezoM meM madhyayugIta kAlakhaMDa meM huii| taMtramArga kI lokapriyatA sAragraMthoM kI bahusaMkhyA se anumAnita hotI hai| zaMkarAcAryakRta prapaMcasAra aura lakSmaNa dezikakRta zAradAtilaka ityAdi sAragraMthoM ko tAMtrika vAGmaya meM vizeSa mAnyatA hai| vArAhItaMtra 154 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM AgamoM kA svarUpalakSaNa sAta prakAra kA kahA hai| tadanusAra, sRSTi, pralaya, devatArcana, sarvasAdhana, purazcaraNa, SaTakarmasAdhana 1) zAMti, 2) vazIkaraNa, 3) staMbhana, 4) vidveSaNa, 5) uccATana aura 6) mAraNa) aura 7) caturvidha dhyAna, ina sAta viSayoM kA AgamoM meM pratipAdana hotA hai| 2 taMtrazAstra aura veda / jisa prakAra vyAkaraNAdi ko "zAsti iti zAstram" isa vyutpatti ke anusAra zAstra mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra AgamoM ko bhI zAstra mAnA jAtA hai| vyAkaraNa sAdhu zabdaprayoga kA, nyAya pramANaprameyAdi kA, pUrvamImAMsA zAstra kartavyapadArthoM kA aura uttara mImAMsA zAstra AtmasvarUpa kI prApti kA zAsana karate haiN| usI prakAra Agama bhI pUrva aura uttara mImAMsA kA kArya saMpAdana karane ke kAraNa "zAstra" kahA jAtA hai| pUrvamImAMsA aura uttara mImAMsA kA apara nAma hai pUrvataMtra aura utrtNtr| isI kAraNa pUrvamImAMsA viSayaka vAGmaya meM tantravArtika, tantrarahasya, tantrasiddhAntaratnAvalI, taMtrasAra, taMtrazikhAmaNi ityAdi taMtra-zabdayukta granthanAma milate haiN| jaimini ke dvAdazAdhyAyI mImAMsAgrantha meM 11 veM adhyAya kA nAma hI taMtrAdhyAya hai| aMtara kevala itanA hI hai ki taMtrazAstraviSayaka, vArAhItaMtra, yoginItaMtra, ityAdi granthoM ke nAmoM meM taMtra zabda aMta meM milatA hai jaba ki mImAMsAzAstra ke granthoM meM vaha AraMbha meM AtA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra Adhunika samaya meM vijJAna (sAiMsa) ke prAdhAnya ke kAraNa bhASAvijJAna, AyurvijJAna, nADIvijJAna, bhautikavijJAna ityAdi vijJAna zabdayukta zAstroM ke nAma rUDha ho rahe haiM, usI prakAra prAcIna kAla meM taMtra' kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa, taMtra zabda sahita granthoM ke nAma diye gye| mImAMsaka apane karmakANDa meM yAga, homa, dAna, bhakSaNa ityAdi zabdoM kA prayoga karate haiM, usI prakAra taMtrazAstrakAra bhI yAga, homa, mahAyAga, antaryAga, bahiryAga, yAgazAlA, devatA, karma, prayoga, adhikAra ityAdi zabdoM kA prayoga karate haiN| isameM kartA aura anukartA kauna hai yaha kahanA asaMbhava hai| taMtra aura mImAMsA donoM zAstroM kI prAcInatA isa prakAra ke zabdasAmya se siddha hotI hai| vaidika karmoM ke samAna tAMtrika karmoM meM bhI arthajJAna sahita maMtroccAraNa Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| tAMtrika karmoM meM vaidika aura tAMtrika donoM maMtroM kA uccAraNa hotA hai| agastya RSi ne taMtrasiddha maMtroM ke artha kA vivaraNa isI kAraNa kiyA hai| vedamaMtroM ke pratyeka akSara meM adbhuta zakti hotI hai yaha siddhAnta yAjJika mImAMsakoM ke samAna tAMtrikoM ko bhI saMmata hai| vedoM meM jisa prakAra jJAna karma aura upAsanA nAmaka tIna kAMDa hote haiM, usI prakAra taMtroM meM bhI jJAna, caryA aura upAsanA nAmaka tIna vibhAga hote haiN| yAjJika aura tAMtrika ina donoM paramparA meM karma kA prAraMbha karate samaya guruparamparA kA anusmaraNa Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| usI prakAra cittavRtti ko dRDha karane ke lie karmAnuSThAna karate samaya apane zarIra ke bhinna bhinna sthAnoM para zrIcakra ke bhAgoM kA evaM unakI adhiSThAtrI devatAoM kA bhAvanA se vinyAsa taMtrasAdhaka karate haiN| vaidikoM ke yAgoM meM bhI "tasyaivaM viduSo yajJasyAtmA yajamAnaH zraddhA patnI, zarIramidhmam" ityAdi maMtroM ke anusAra yajJIya padArthoM kI bhAvanA kI jAtI hai| Agama (taMtra) aura nigama (veda) mArgoM kI samAnatA kA yaha dyotaka hai| "aSTAcakrA navadvArA devanAM puuryodhyaa| tasyAM hiraNmayaH kozaH svargoM loko jyotiSAvRtaH" yaha eka hI maMtra vaidikoM ke cayanayAga meM aura tAMtrikoM kI sAdhanA meM uccArita hotA hai, yadyapi usakA Azaya bhinna mAnA jAtA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM zrautayAgoM kA anuSThAna karanevAle prAyaH sabhI vaidika vidvAna, tAMtrika paddhati se zrIcakra kI upAsanA karate hai| isa prakAra vaidika aura tAMtrika mArgoM meM prAcIna kAla se abheda sA mAnA huA dikhAI detA hai| 3 upaniSada aura zaktisAdhanA vedoM meM tAMtrika zaktirUpoM ke kucha nAma pAye jAte haiM jaise yajurveda ke "zrIzca te lakSmIzca" isa maMtra meM zrI evaM lakSmI kA nAma AtA hai| inakA saMbaMdha sUrya kI zakti tathA saundarya se mAnA gayA hai| muNDakopaniSada ke "kAlI karAlI ca manojavA c| sulohitA yA ca" (4/1) isa maMtra meM agni kI vividha vargoM kI lapaToM meM jihvA ke AropaNa krama meM 'kAlI' nAma AtA hai kintu laukika aura tAMtrika vyavahAra meM kAlI ityAdi saMjJAoM se mAnavAkRti upAsya devatAvizeSa kA nirdeza hotA hai| sAmaveda ke indraparaka maMtroM meM sUrya kI carcA hai| tadanusAra zaktirUpa sUrya kA paricaya milatA hai| sUrya ke prakAza meM baiThanA tathA svayaM ko sUryazakti se sampanna hote huye anubhava karanA vaidikI zaktisAdhanA mAnI jAtI hai| sAmaveda meM gopavAn RSi kI carcA hai jisane zarIrastha agnizakti (jo rasa-dhAtuoM kA paripAka karatI hai) ke yogakSema kI prArthanA kI hai| vAgdevI kA nirdeza paMcatattvoM se nirmita AkAza meM kiyA gayA hai| isa vAgdevI (arthAta vANI) ke kAraNa hI eka, dUsare ke abhimukha hotA hai| pitaroM kI ArAdhanA karane vAle "zrAddha" karate haiN| zraddhA kI zakti arthAt "zraddhAdevI" mAnava meM rahatI hai| isI zraddhAdevI yA zakti ke kAraNa manuSya meM jJAna kA udaya hotA hai| 'zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnam' yaha siddhAnta bhagavadgItA meM kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra sAmaveda meM jvAlAdevI, aditi, sarasvatI, gAyatrI, tathA gaMgAdevI kI carcA kI gaI hai| atharvaveda meM pazudhana kA dAyitva, nArIzakti ko batAyA hai| vyaSTi jIvana meM nArI bharaNa poSaNa karane bhAryArUpa strI hai| samaSTijIvana meM vahI zakti pRthvI yA dharA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 155 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hai, jisakA nirdeza vizvaMbharA vasudhAnI ityAdi mahanIya zabdoM se kiyA gayA hai| atharvaveda meM pRthvI devatA kI utpatti azvinIkumAroM se batAte hue usakI stuti meM viSNu ko usakI vizAlatA para ghUmane vAlA evaM indra ko usakA rakSaka kahA hai| atharvaveda meM isI pRthvI devatA ko 'kRSNA' kahA hai| tAMtrika graMthoM meM yahI kRSNA 'kAlikA' nAma se nirdiSTa hai| isI veda meM maMtrazakti se murde ke dhuyeM se hone vAlI, pazu evaM manuSya kI roganivRtti kI carcA milatI hai| maMtrazaktizAstra kA mUla isa prakAra atharvaveda meM milatA hai| vaidika zAkta sAdhanAeM viziSTa vastuoM ke mAdhyama se kI jAtI haiN| kRtyA nAmaka mAraNazakti evaM aMzumatI nAmaka prajananazakti kA ullekha atharvaveda meM milatA hai| saMrakSaka kSAtrazakti kA srota jalamayo agnidevatA ko mAnA hai| ina tattvazaktiyoM ke atirikta kAlazakti, agnizakti, sUryazakti, rAtrizakti ityAdi zaktioM kA nirdeza vedamaMtroM meM milatA hai| lokataMtra meM hone vAlI 'chAyApuruSa' sAdhanA kA mUla Rgveda ke saraNyU AkhyAna meM mAnA jAtA hai| saraNyU sUrya kI dharmapatnI kA nAma hai jise chAyA aura amRtA bhI kahA hai| yama chAyA kA hI putra hai / laukika taMtrasAdhanA meM svapnezvarI ( duHsvapna ko susvapna meM parivartita karane vAlI devatA) kA ArAdhanA hotI hai| isa devatA kA mUla Rgveda kI uSA devatA meM mAnA jAtA hai| vedoM meM nirdiSTa indra kI strIrUpa zakti indrANI ko zarIrasthA kuNDalinIzakti mAnA jAtA hai| upaniSadoM meM tAMtrikoM kI zaktisAdhanA kA bIja anekatra milatA hai| kenopaniSad meM haimavatI umAdevI ke svarUpa meM sarvAntaryAminI mahAzakti kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isa zakti ke abhAva meM indra, vAyu Adi devatA nissatva ho jAte hai / gaNapatyuniSad meM mAnava deha ke mUlAdhAra meM sthita zakti kA nirdeza gaNapati, brahmA, viSNu, indra, agni Adi devatAvAcaka nAmoM se kiyA hai| bRhadAraNyaka meM prANimAtra kI vAkzakti ko hI brahma kahA hai, (vAg vai brahma) / rudrahRdayopaniSad meM vyakta ko umA, zarIrastha caitanya ko ziva aura avyakta parabrahma ko mahezvara kahA hai / yogakuNDalI upaniSada meM sarasvatI arthAt vAkzakti ke cAlana se ( yAne maMtrajapa se) kuNDalinI zakti ke cAlana kI carcA milatI hai| bRhadAraNyaka meM parAzakti ko kAmakalA evaM zRMgArakalA kahA hai| gopAlottaratApinI upaniSad meM parAzakti ko hI kRSNAtmikA (arthAt AkarSaNamayI) rukmiNI kahA hai| agni, pRthvI, vAyu, antarikSa, Aditya, dyau candramA evaM nakSatroM ko bRhadAraNyaka me 'aSTavasu' kahA hai| ina vasuoM ko vyavahAra ke lie eka krama meM prastuta karane vAlI zakti ko devyupaniSad meM 'saMgamanI zakti' kahA hai| isI kA nAma durgA zakti bhI hai| atharvaveda ke sItopaniSad meM mUlaprakRti kA nirdeza sItAzakti zabda se kiyA hai| isI ko icchAzakti kriyAzakti evaM sAkSAtzakti nAma, vyavahAra kI dRSTi se diye gaye haiN| atharvaziras upaniSad meM sAdhanA kI dRSTi se nirguNa zakti ke zukla, rakta aura kRSNa varNa mAne gaye haiN| upaniSadoM meM parA zakti kA paricaya guNAtma evaM vyAvahAri rUpa se hai, jaba ki purANoM meM saguNasAkAra rUpa meM milatA hai| 4 taMtra aura purANa purANoM meM dRzya jagat kI triguNamayI kAraNazakti (sattva) mahAlakSmI, (rajas) sarasvatI evaM (tamas ) mahAkAlI ke svarUpa meM varNita hai| pratyeka purANa meM devatAvizeSa ke anusAra eka zakti kI mukhyatA pratipAdana kI hai| AnuSaMgikatA se anya zaktiyoM kI bhI carcA AtI hai| vibhinna devatAoM ke nAmoM se aMkita purANoM meM devatAvizeSa kA mahattva unakI zaktioM ke kAraNa hai| devI bhAgavata meM zivA, kAlikA, bhuvanezvarI, kumArI Adi svarUpoM meM sarvagatA zakti kA nirdeza karate hue unakI sAdhanA, yoga aura yAga dvArA batAyI hai| zarIrasthita kuNDalinI hI bhuvanezvarI hai, usI ko laukika vastuoM kI prApti ke liye aMbikA kahA gayA hai| aMbikAsvarUpa bhuvanezvarI kI ArAdhanA yajJa dvArA vihita mAnI hai| durgati se rakSA hone ke lie durgAdeivI kA sthAna tathA himAlaya meM pArvatI devI kA sthAna batAyA gayA hai| pArvatI ke zarIra se kauzikI hone kI carcA mArkaNDeya purANa evaM devI bhAgavata meM kI hai| pArvatI kA eka svarUpa hai zatAkSI evaM shaakNbhrii| isI devI ne prANiyoM ke duHkha se khinna hokara netroM se jala varSaNa kara zAkAdi ko utpanna kiyA thaa| devIbhAgavata ke saptamaskandha (a. 38 ) meM zakti ke prabheda savistara varNita haiM / navama skandha ( a. 6) meM gaMgA, sarasvatI, lakSmI aura vizeSa rUpa se rAdhA evaM gAyatrI kA mahattva varNana kiyA hai| isI skandha meM svAhA, svadhA, dakSiNA, SaSThI, maMgalacaMDI, jaratkArU manasA evaM surabhi nAmaka zaktiyoM kA bhI varNana hai| zrImadbhAgavata (10 skaMdha) meM vindhyavAsinI devI kA varNana AtA hai, jo kaMsa ke hAtha se chUTa kara vividha sthAnoM para, durgA, bhadrakAlI, vijayA, vaiSNavI, kumudA, caNDikA, kRSNA, mAdhavI, kanyakA, nArAyaNI, IzAnI, zAradA ityAdi nAmoM se sthita huI hai| isI dazama skandha (adhyAya 22 ) meM cIraharaNa ke prasaMga meM kAtyAyanI pUjA ke vrata kA varNana AtA hai| kAtyAyanI kI pUjA tAMtrika paddhati se batAyI gaI hai| rukmiNIvivAha ke prakaraNa meM bhavAnI kI pUjA tAMtrika paddhati se varNita hai| paMcamaskandha (a. 9) meM tAmasI sAdhakoM dvArA saMtati prApti ke liye bhadrakAlI ko narabali arpaNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai| vahAM bhadrakalI kI ArAdhanA ke sAre ullekha tAMtrika paddhati ke udAharaNa haiN| kAlikA purANa (a. 59 ) meM madirApAtra, raktavastrA nArI, siMhazava, lAla kamala, vyAghra evaM vAraNa (hAthI) kA saMgama, RtubhatI bhAryA kA saMgama karane para caNDI kA dhyAna ityAdi tAMtrika sAdhanA se saMbaMdhita nirdeza milate haiN| bauddha saMpradAya meM I. prathama zatI se tAMtrika sAdhanAoM kA prasAra huaa| I. 7 vIM zatI se aneka bauddha taMtroM kA vistAra 156 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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huA jinameM sarahapA kA buddha kapAlataMtra, luIpA kA yoginIsaMcaryA taMtra, kaMbala aura padmavraja kA vajrataMtra, kRSNAcArya kA saMpaTatilaka taMtra, lalitavajra kA kRSNayamAri taMtra, gaMbhIravajra kA mahAmAyA taMtra aura pito kA kAlacakrataMtra ullekhanIya haiN| bauddha tAMtrikoM kA tArAsampradAya I. chaThI yA sAtavIM zatI kA mAnA jAtA hai| 5 taMtrazAstra aura bauddhadharma vedaniSTha ziva, viSNu devI ityAdi devatopAsakoM meM jisa prakAra tAMtrika upAsanA paddhati kA pracAra huA usI prakAra bauddhoM ke mahAyAna saMpradAya meM aura vizeSa kara tibbatI bauddha saMpradAya meM taMtramArga kA vizeSa prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| tattvataH bauddha dharma paMcazIla-pravaNa aura aSTAMgika mArganiSTha hai, paraMtu yathAvasAra zaiva, vaiSNavoM ke prabhAva ke kAraNa bauddhoM meM bhI taMtrasAdhanA kA pracAra huaa| bauddhoM ke tAMtrika vAGmaya meM kriyAtaMtra, caryAtaMtra aura yogataMtra ina tIna prakAra ke graMtha haiM |kriyaatNtr meM dhArmika vidhi, caryAtaMtra meM AcAravidhi aura yogataMtra meM anyAnya yogavidhi batAye gaye haiN| unameM kriyAtaMtra viSayaka graMthoM meM kucha vaidika dharmavidhiyoM kA bhI pradhAnatA se puraskAra kiyA gayA hai| bauddhoM ke AdikarmapradIpa nAmaka kriyAtaMtra viSayaka sUtragraMtha meM prAyaH vaidikoM ke gRhyasUtroM meM pratipAdita dharmavidhi batAye hai| mahAyAna sampradAya ke mumukSu sAdhaka ke liye parimArjana, prakSAlana, prAtaHsAyaMprArthanA, pitRtarpaNa, bhikSAdAna, pUjyapUjana ityAdi karmoM meM upayukta maMtra, isa Adikarma pradIpa meM batAye haiN| kriyAtaMtraviSayaka graMthoM meM yajJAntargata dAna, kucha gUDhArthaka maMtra aura bodhisatvoM ke sAtha zaivapaMthIya daivatoM kI prArthanA ullakhita hai| yoganiSTha bauddha sAdhakoM ke liye yogataMtraviSayaka graMtha nirmANa hue| inameM paramajJAna kI prApti ke liye saMnyAsa tathA dhyAna sAdhanA ke sAtha maMtra, taMtra, mUrchanA jaise aindrajalika prayoga bhI batAye gaye haiN| ina graMthoM kA pratipAdana prAyaH zaivataMtroM ke anusAra dikhAI detA hai| yoginI, DAkinI ityAdi devatA bhI isa bauddha yogataMtra meM mahattvapUrNa mAnI gayI hai| nepAlI bauddhoM ke navavidha dharmAcAra meM tathAgataguhyaka athavA guhyaka samAja nAmaka taMtragraMtha mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| isake prAraMbha meM nAnA prakAra ke dhyAna batAye gaye haiN| paraMtu Age cala kara ghor3A, hAthI, kuttA ityAdi pazuoM ke mAMsa bhakSaNa aura cANDAlakanyAoM se maithuna isa prakAra ke karma batAye haiN| mahAkAlataMtra nAmaka graMtha buddhapraNIta kahA gayA hai| isa graMtha meM zAkyamuni aura devatA ke saMvAda dvArA guptadhana, vAMchita strI, rAjAdhikAra ityAdi kI prApti ke tathA vazIkaraNa mAraNa ityAdi ke upAya sAdhanarUpa meM batAye haiN| saMvarodayataMtra buddha, vajrapANisaMvAdarUpa hai| isameM zivaliMga kA aura zaiva devatoM kA pUjana taMtrasAdhanA ke lie batAyA hai| kAlacakrataMtra ke pravaktA ke rUpa meM Adibuddha kA nirdeza hai| paraMtu usI graMtha meM makkA kSetra aura muslima saMpradAya kA bhI nirdeza milatA hai| nAgArjuna praNIta paMcakrama nAmaka bauddhataMtra ke graMtha meM paramocca yogaprApti kI paMcamAvasthA prApta karane ke liye mahAyAnI devatAoM kA pUjana, gUDhamaMtroM kA uccAraNa, cakra, maMDala Adi kA pUjana batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kI taMtropAsanA se yogI ko sakala bhedAtIta advaitAvasthA prApta hotI hai aisA graMtha kA abhiprAya hai| bauddhoM ke taMtraviSayaka granthoM kI saMskRta bhASA azuddhaprAya hone ke kAraNa saMskRtajJoM ko prasanna nahIM krtii| pramukha bauddha taMtroM kI nAmAvalI (kulasaMkhyA 72) : pramodamahAyuga, paramArthasevA, piMDIkrama, saMpuTodbhava, hevana, buddhakapAla, saMvara (yA saMvarodaya), vArAhI, (yA vArAhIkalpa), yogAMbara, DAkinIjAla, zuklayamAri, vRSNayamAri, pItayamAri, raktayamAri, zyAmayamAri, kriyAsaMgraha, kriyAkaMda, kriyAsAgara, kriyAkalpadruma, kriyArNava, abhidhAnotara, kriyAsamuccaya, sAdhanamAlA, sAdhanasamuccaya, sAdhanasaMgraha, sAdhanaratna, sAdhanaparIkSA, sAdhanakalpalatA, tattvajJAna, jJAnasiddhi, udyAna, nAgArjuna, yogapITha, pIThAvatAra, kAlavIra (yA caMDaroSaNa), vajravIra, vajrasattva, marIci, tArA, vajradhAtu, vimalaprabhA, maNikarNikA, trailokyavijaya, saMpuTa, marmakAlikA, karukullA, bhUtaDAmara, kAlacakra, yoginI, yoginIsaMcAra, yoginIjAla, yogAMbarapITha, uDDAmara, vasuMdharAsAdhana, nairAtma, DAkArNava, kriyAsAra, yamAMtaka, maMjuzrI, taMtrasamuccaya, kriyAvasaMta, hayagrIva, saMkIrNa, nAmasaMgIti, amRtakarNikAnAma saMgIti, gUDhotpAdanAma saMgIti, mAyAjAla, jJAnodaya, vasaMtatilaka, niSpannayogAMbara, aura mhaakaal| ina bauddhoM taMtroM meM se bahusaMkhya taMtroM ke graMthoM ke cInI evaM tibbatI bhASAoM meM anuvAda ho cuke haiN| 6 tAMtrika saMpradAya jainataMtra : jaina paraMparA ke anusAra jaina taMtroM kA prAraMbha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke samaya se mAnA jAtA hai| vidyAnupravAda nAmaka jaina graMtha meM maMtroM tathA vidyAoM kI carcA milatI hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ko Adya jaina tAMtrika isI liye mAnate haiM ki unhoMne smaraNamaMtra se pArzvanAtha kA AvAhana kiyA thaa| I. 3 rI zatAbdI se 11 vIM zatAbdI taka mAnavadeva sUri (laghuzAMtimaMtra), vAdivetAla-zAMtisUri (bRhat zAMtimaMtra) siddhasenadivAkara, mAnatuMgasUri (bhaktAmarastotra), haribhadrasUri, zIlaguNasUri, vIramaNi, zAMtisUri, aura surAcArya ina jaina taMtrAcAryoM ne maMtravidyA kA pracAra jaina samAja meM kiyaa| nAthasaMpradAya pradhAnataH tAMtrika hI hai| taMtrarAja graMtha ke anusAra kaulataMtroM ke pravartaka matsyendrAdi nau siddha nAtha hI the| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/157 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tAtrika sAdhaka dvArA upAsya devatA se saMbadha ora pragati karane meM devatA kA sAhA / pratyeka tAtrika devatA gaNa : taMtramArga meM sAdhaka dvArA upAsya devatA se saMbaMdha joDanA, usakA AvAhana karanA, usakI sahAyatA milAnA ityAdi viSayoM kA gaMbhIra vicAra huA hai| sAdhaka ko satya, jJAna aura AnaMda kI ora pragati karane meM devatA kA sAhAyya milatA hai| devatA yAne paramezvara athavA paramezvarI kI viziSTa zakti hotI hai| maMtrasAdhanA dvArA sAdhaka kA devatA se saMbaMdha sthApita hotA hai| pratyeka devatA kA viziSTa rUpa, varNa, dhyAna, parivAra, vAhana, taMtrazAstra ke marmajJa vidvAnoM ne nirdhArita kiyA hai| maMtra-taMtrAdi sAdhanAoM se divya dRSTi kA unmIlana hone para sAdhaka ko devatAsvarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| mUrtivijJAna, maMtravijJAna jaise zAstroM dvArA tAMtrikoM ne devatAoM ke nAma, rUpa evaM guNa ityAdi kA pratipAdana apane graMthoM meM kiyA hai| tAMtrika sAdhanAoM meM upAsya devatAoM kI ArAdhanA anyAnya rUpoM meM hotI hai| ataH taMtra mArga meM devatAoM kA vaividhya aura vaicitrya nirmANa huaa| pratyeka taMtramArga ke vividha devatAoM ke nAma aura svarUpa kI kalpanA nimna likhita sUcI se A sakatI hai| bhArata meM yatra tatra ina tAMtrika devatAoM kI pratimAeM upalabdha hotI haiM aura aneka kSetroM meM una kI taMtrAnusAra ArAdhanA hotI hai| vaiSNava tAMtrika devatA : lakSmIvAsudeva, lakSmInArAyaNa, harihara, nRsiMha, rAma, kRSNa, dadhivAmana, hayagrIva aura gopaalkRssnn| zAradAtilaka aura taMtrasAra nAmaka graMthoM meM vaiSNava tAMtrikoM kI devatAoM kA savistara varNana milatA hai| tAMtrika zivasvarUpaH zaivataMtra meM AdinAtha mahAkAla ke kSetrapAla, bhairava, baTubhairava nAmaka svarUpa, upAsya mAne jAte haiN| mukhya pUjA se pahale kSetrapAla kI pUjA zaivataMtra meM Avazyaka mAnI. hai zivasvarUpI bhairava ATha prakAra ke hote haiN| bhairava kI pUjA, kAlI devatA ke sAtha kucha tAMtrika karate haiN| gANapatya taMtra meM mahAgaNapati, vIragaNapati, zakti-gaNapati, vidyAgaNapati, haridrAgaNapati, ucchiSTa-gaNapati, lakSmIvinAyaka, heraMba, vakratuMDa, ekadaMta, mahodara, gajAnana, laMbodara, vikaTa aura vighnarAja nAmaka gaNapati ke svarUpa upAsya mAne jAte haiN| merutaMtraprakAza meM ina ke vividha svarUpa varNana kiye haiN| saura tAMtrika devatAH caMdra, mArtaNDabhairava aura agni ina tIna devatAoM ko sUrya se saMbaMdhita mAnA gayA hai| caMdra nIlajaTAdhArI, mArtaNDa ardhAMginI sahita, agni aSTabhuja tathA trinetra, aura caturbhuja evaM sUrya raktakamalAsana para virAjamAna hotA hai| zAkta tAMtrika devatAH muMDamAlA taMtra meM dazamahAvidyA nAmaka devatAoM ke nAma batAye haiM : kAlI tArA mahAvidyA SoDazI bhuvneshvrii| bhairavI chinnamastA ca vidyA dhUmAvatI tathA / / bagalA siddhavidyA ca mAtaMgI kmlaatmikaa| etA daza mahAvidyAH siddhavidyAH prakIrtitAH / / anya sthAna para vidyA-devatAoM kI saMkhyA 27 batAyI hai| nityASoDazikArNava nAmaka graMtha meM 'nityA' nAmaka 16 devatAoM ke nAma batAye haiM : mahAtripurasaMdarI kAmezvarI, bhagamAlinI, klinnA, bheruNDA, vahnivAsinI, mahAvidyezvarI, dUtI, tvaritA, kulasuMdarI, nIlapatAkA, vijayA, sarvamaMgalA, jvAlAmAlinikA aura citraa| zAktataMtra meM dakSiNAkAlI, bhadrakAlI, zmazAnakAlI, kAmakalAkAlI, dhanakAlI, siddhakAlI, caNDIkAlI ityAdI kAlI mAM ke bhinna svarUpa mAne jAte haiN| prANatoSiNI taMtra meM kumArI devatA ko 'sarvavidyAsvarUpA' kahA hai| isa kAraNa zAktataMtra meM kumArIpUjA kA vizeSa mahattva mAnA gayA hai| jaina tAMtrika devatAH sarasvatI, aMbikA, kuberA, padmAvatI, siddhArthakA, idrANI, vidhiprabhA, akSuptA aura ckreshvrii| ye devatAeM, tIrthaMkaroM kI sevikAeM mAnI jAtI haiN| pArzvanAtha kI padmAvatI aura mahAvIra kI siddhArthakA sevikA hai| digaMbara saMpradAya meM jvAlAmAlinI aura mahAjvAlA nAmaka devatAoM kA vizeSa mahattva mAnA gayA hai| tAMtrika upAsakoM meM mAnyatAprApta devI ke 12 rUpa haiM aura unake 12 tIrthakSetra atyaMta pavitra mAne jAte haiN| kAmAkSI - kAMcIpura meM 2) bhrAmarI - malayagiri meM kanyAkumArI - tAmilanADu meM 4) ambA - gujarAta meM 5) mahAlakSmI - kolhApura (mahArASTra) kAlikA - ujjayinI meM lalitA - prayAga meM vindhyavAsinI - vindhyAcala meN| vizAlAkSI - vArANasI meM maMgalacaMDI - gayA meM 11) sundarI - baMgAla meN| 12) gRhyakezvarI - nepAla meN| bAraha vidyezvara : manu, caMdra, kubera, lopAmudrA, manmatha, agastya, agni, sUrya, indra, skanda, ziva, aura kodhabhaTTAraka (athavA durvaasaa)| taMtramArga meM ina bAraha vidyezvaroM meM hI bIja aura maMtroM kA prAdhAnya mAnA jAtA hai| ina meM se kevala manmatha (yA kAmarAja) aura lopAmudrA kA sampradAya jIvita hai| 158 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra graMthakAra gauDapAdAcArya lakSmaNadezika pRthvIrAcArya caraNasvAmI 7 taMtrazAstra ke pramukha graMthakAra taMtrazAstra kA vistAra aura usake aneka prakAra hone se sabhI prakAra ke taMtroM para likhe gaye prAcIna tathA arvAcIna saMskRta graMthoM kI saMkhyA bhI apAra hai| prastuta koza meM ma. ma. gopInAtha kavirAja dvArA saMpAdita tAMtrika sAhitya kI bRhatsUcI se uddhRta aneka graMthoM kA yathAsthAna saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai| aneka graMthoM ke lekhakoM ke nAma upalabdha nahIM tathApi kucha mahanIya lekhakoM kA kArya cirasmaraNIya hai| tAMtrika saMpradAyoM meM mAnyatA prApta 30 taMtrAcAryo kI nAmAvalI yahAM uddhRta kI hai : rAghavabhaTTa puNyAnaMda amRtAnaMdanAtha suMdarAcArya vidyAnaMdanAtha sarvAnaMdanAtha brahmAnaMda pUrNAnaMda gorakSa subhagAnaMda prakAzAnaMda mahIdhara yazaMkara bhAskararAya premanidhi paMta umAnaMda rAmezvara zaMkarAnaMda appayya dIkSita devanAtha ThAkura kAzInAtha tarkAlaMkAra ( zivAnaMda) gIrvANendra raghunAtha tarkavAgIza yadunAtha cakravartI narasiMha ThAkura goviMda nyAyavAgIza - - FELLE - - - - www.kobatirth.org - - graMtha 1) subhagodayastuti, 2) zrIvidyAnasUtra prapaMcasAra, sauMdaryalaharI i. bhuvanezvarIrahasya | zrIvidyArthadIpikA, prapaMcasArasaMgraha i. / zAradatilaka para ttiikaa| kAmakalAvilAsa saubhAgyasubhagodaya lalitArcanacaMdrikA | zivArcanacaMdrikA, kramaratnAvalI i. / sarvollAsataMtra / zAktAnaMdataraMgiNI, tArArahasya | zrItattvaciMtAmaNi, zyAmArahasya / mahArthamaMjarI, parAstotra, pAdukodaya i. / SoDazanityA / taMtrasAra / paMcamahodadhi / tArArahasyavRtti, zivArcanamAhAtmya / saubhAgyabhAskara, saubhAgyacandrodaya i. dIpaprakAza aura aneka TIkAtmaka graMtha / hRdayAmRta, . nityotsava nibaMdha | saubhAgyodaya suMdarImahodaya / saubhAgyakalpadruma / satyakaumudI, maMtrakaumudI, taMtrakaumudI i. zyAmAsaparyAvidhi, taMtrarAjaTIkA, taMtrasiddhAMta kaumudI maMtrarAjasamuccaya i. / prapaMcasArasaMgraha Agama-tarkavilAsa paMcaratnAkara, AgamakalpalatA / tArAbhaktisudhArNava / maMtrArthadIpikA | (bhAratIya saMskRti kozakhaMDa 4 se uddhRta) upAsya devatA aura tAMtrika vAGmaya taMtrika vADmaya meM kAlI, tArA, zrIvidyA (dhoDazI yA tripurasuMdarI) bhuvanezvarI, bhairavI, chinnamastA, dhUmAvatI bagalA, mAtaMgI, aura kamalA ina dasa devatAoM ko daza mahAvidyA kahate haiN| mahAkAlasaMhitA ke anusAra vibhinna devatAeM vibhinna yugoM meM phalapradAna karatI haiM kintu cAroM yugoM meM phalapradAna kA sAmarthya eka mAtra daza mahAvidyAoM meM hai| tAMtrika vAGmaya kI rUparekhA devatAviSayaka graMthoM ke svarUpa se saMkSepataH A sakatI hai| devatAviSayaka graMthoM meM (1) siddhAnta para aura (2) prayogapara graMtha hote hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 159

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kAlI-viSayaka vAGmaya :- 1) mahAkAla saMhitA, 2) kAlajJAna, 3) kAlIkulakamArcana (vimalabodhakRta), 4) bhadrakAlIcintAmaNi, 5) vyomakezasaMhitA, 6) kAlIyAmala, 7) kAlIkalpa, 8) kAlIsaparyAkamakalpavallI, 9) zyAmArahasya (pUrNAnaMdakRta), 10) kAlIvilAsataMtra, 11) kAlIkulasarvasva, 12) kAlItaMtra, 13) kAlIparA, 14) kAlikArNava, 15) vizvasArataMtra, 16) kAmezvarI taMtra, 17) kulacUDAmaNi, 18) kaulAvalI, 19) kAlIkula, 20) kulamUlAvatAra, 21) zyAmAsaparyA (kAzInAtha bhaTTAcAryakRta), 21) kulamuktikallolinI (AdyAnaMdana yA navamIsaha kRta), 22) kAlItattva (rAghavabhaTTakRta), 23) kaulikArcanadIpikA, 24) kumArItaMtra, 25) kulArNava, 26) kubjikAtaMtra, 27) kAlikopaniSad ityAdi pramukha graMthoM ke atirikta karpUrastava, kAlIbhujaMgaprayAta, ityAdi kAlIstotra bhI prasiddha haiN| tArA-viSayaka graMtha :- 1) tArAtaMtra (yA tAriNI taMtra), 2) tArAsUkta, 3) toDalataMtra, 4) tArArNava, 5) nIlataMtra, 6) mahAnIlataMtra, 7) nIlasarasvatItaMtra, 8) cInAcAra, 9) taMtraratna, 10) tArAzAbarataMtra, 11) ekajaTItaMtra, 12) ekajaTAkalpa, 13) ekavIrAtaMtra 14) tAriNInirNaya, 15) mahAcInAcArakrama, 16) tAropaniSad, 17) tArApradIpa (lakSmIbhaTTakRta), 18) tArAbhaktisudhArNava (narasiMha Thavakura kRta), 19) tArArahasya (zaMkarakRta), 20) tArAbhaktitaragiNI (prakAzAnaMdakRta, vimalAnaMdakRta aura kAzInAthakRta), 21) tArAkalpalatApaddhati (nityAnaMdakRta), 22) tAriNIpArijAta (vidvadupAdhyAyakRta), 23) mahogratArAkalpa ityAdi graMtho ke atirikta tArAsahasranAma aura tArAkapUrastotra Adi stotra ullekhanIya haiN| zrIvidyA-viSayaka graMtha :- zrIvidyA ke kAdi, hAdi aura kahAdi nAmaka tIna bheda prasiddha haiN| kAdiyoM kI devI kAlI, hAdiyoM kI tripurasuMdarI aura kahAdiyoM kI tArA (athavA nIlasarasvatI) hai| tInoM saMpradAyoM ke apane apane mAnya graMtha haiM : 1) tripuropaniSad, 2) bhAvanopaniSad, 3) kaulaupaniSad, 4) taMtrarAja (isa para subhagAnaMdanAtha, premanidhipanta, ityAdi vidvAnoM kI aneka TIkAeM haiM), 5) yoginIhRdaya, 6) paramAnaMdataMtra, 7) saubhAgyakalpadruma (mAdhavAnaMdanAthakRta), 8) vAmakezvarataMtra, 9) jJAnArNava, 10) zrIkramasaMhitA, 11) dakSiNAmUrtisaMhitA, 12) svacchandatantra, 13) lalitArcanacaMdrikA, (saccidAnaMdanAthakRta), 14) saubhAgyaratnAkara (vidyAnaMdanAthakRta), 15) saubhAgyasubhagodaya (amRtAnaMdanAthakRta), 16) zaktisaMgamataMtra, 17) tripurArahasya, 18) zrIkramottama (mallikArjunakRta), 19) subhagArcApArijAta, 20) subhagArcAratna, 21) AzAvatAra, 22) saMketapAdukA, 23) caMdrapITha, 24) suMdarImahodaya (zaMkaranaMdakRta) 25) hRdayAmRta (umAnaMdakRta) 26) lakSmItaMtra 27) tripurAsArasamuccaya (lAlabhaTTakRta), 28) zrItattvacintAmaNi aura zAktakrama (pUrNAnaMdaparamahaMsakRta), 29) kAmakalAvilAsa (puNyAnaMdakRta), 30) saubhAgyacaMdrodaya, 31) varivasyArahasya, 32) varivasyAprakAza aura 33) zAMbhavAnaMdakalpalatA (ye cAroM graMtha bhAskararAya-viracita haiM) 34) tripurAsAra, 35) saMketapaddhati, 36) saubhAgyasudhodaya, 37) parApUjAkrama, 38) subhagodayastuti aura 39) zrIvidyAratnasUtra [donoM gauDapAdAcArya (zrIzaMkarAcArya ke paramaguru) viracita] / zrIzaMkarAcArya svayaM tAMtrika upAsaka the isa kA yaha pramANa hai ki vibhinna tAMtrika saMpradAya apanI apanI guruparaMparA meM zrIzaMkarAcArya kA nirdeza karate haiN| bhuvanezvarI viSayaka graMtha :- 1) bhuvanezvarIrahasya, (pRthvIdharAcArya kRta), 2) bhuvanezvarItantra, 3) bhuvanezvarIpArijAta, i.| bhairavIviSayaka graMtha:- 1) bhairavItaMntra, 2) bhairavIrahasya, 3) bhairavIsaparyAvidhi, 4) bhairavIyAmala / chinnamastAviSayaka graMthaH- zaktisaMgamataMtra kA chinnaakhNdd| dhUmAvatIviSayaka graMthaH- prANatoSiNItaMtra / bagalAviSayaka graMtha:- 1) zAMkhAyanataMtra (yA SaDvidyAgama), 2) bagalAkrama kalpavallI, 3) saMmohanataMtra / mAtaMgIviSayaka graMthaH- (mAtaGgI ke aparanAma haiM ucchiSTacANDAlinI aura mahApizAcinI) 1) mAtaMgIkrama (kulamaNikRta), 2) mArtagIpaddhati (rAmabhaTTakRta), yaha graMtha siMhasiddhAntabindu kA eka adhyAya mAtra hai| 3) sumukhIpUjApaddhati (shNkrkRt)| kamalAviSayaka graMtha:- 1) taMtrasAra, 2) zAradAtilaka, 3) zAktapramoda i.| dazamahAvidyAoM ke atirikta gaNapati, gAyatrI, gopAlakRSNa, dattAtreya, narasiMha, bhairava, rAdhAkRSNa, rAmacaMdra, hanumAna, parazurAma, hayagrIva ityAdi devatAviSayaka taMtroM ke vividha prakAra ke graMtha tAMtrika vAGmaya meM milate haiN| 1 tAMtrika paribhASA pratyeka zAstra meM viziSTa arthoM kA cayana evaM prakAzana karane ke lie zAstrakAra paribhASika zabda nirmANa karate haiN| zAstra graMthoM meM una pAribhASika zabdoM kA vivaraNa yA vivecana diyA jAtA hai| zAstrAdhyayana karane vAle jijJAsu ko pAribhASika zabdoM meM nihita artha kA samyak Akalana hue binA usa zAstra kA samyak Akalana nahIM hotA aura usa zAstra meM usakI pragati bhI nahIM hotii| taMtrazAstra kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI bahuta vistRta hai| yahAM sthAlIpulAkanyAya se kucha hI zabda diye haiN| jinakA samagra vivaraNa mUla graMthoM se hI dekhanA ucita hogaa| taMtrazAstra kA ThIka Akalana hone ke lie ina zabdoM ke atirikta aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kA paricaya mUla graMthoM meM dekhanA hogaa| 160/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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guru : siddhi kA mUla hai devatA, devatA kA mUla maMtra, maMtra kA mUla dIkSA aura dIkSA kA mUla guru / arthAta guru hI siddhi kA mUla hai| ziSya : zuddhacitta, indriyajayI aura puruSArthI ziSya hI tAMtrika sAdhanA kA yogya adhikArI hotA hai| taMtra sAdhanA meM guru-ziSya saMbaMdha kA apAra mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| maMtra : pratyeka maMtra meM praNava, bIja, aura devatA yaha tIna tattva hote haiN| dIkSAmaMtra atyaMta prabhAvI hotA hai| sauramaMtra puliMgI, saubhyamaMtra strIliMgI aura paurANika maMtra naMpusaka liMgI mAne jAte haiN| strImaMtroM kA hI apara nAma hai "vidyaa"| nityAtaMtra meM ekAkSarI maMtra ko piMDa, dvayakSarI ko kartarI, tryakSarI se navAkSarI taka bIja aura 20 se adhika akSaroM vAle maMtra ko mAlA kahate haiN| bIja : pratyeka devatA kA apanA eka bIja hotA hai; jaise kAlI kA krI, mAyA kA hrIM, agni kA raM aura yoni kA aiN| bIja ke atirikta pratyeka devatA kA mUlamaMtra hotA hai| maMtracaitanya : maMtra, maMtrArtha aura maMtradevatA ina tInoM kA ekIkaraNa / devatA : paramezvara yA paramezvarI kI viziSTa shkti|| bhAvatraya : pazubhAva vIrabhAva aura divyabhAva arthAt tAMtrika sAdhaka kI tIna adhama, madhyama aura uttama avsthaaeN| AtyaMtika saMsArAsakti ko adhama pazubhAva aura satkarmapravRtti ko uttama pazubhAva kahate haiN| AcArasaptaka : vedAcAra, vaiSNavAcAra, zaivAcAra, dakSiNAcAra, vAmAcAra, siddhAMtAcAra aura kaulaacaar| ukta anukrama se inakI zreSThatA mAnI gayI hai| kaulAcAra sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai| (kaulAt parataraM na hi) zaivAcAra meM pazuhiMsA, dakSiNAcAra meM vijayA (bhaMga) sevana, vAmAcAra meM rajaHsvalA raja aura kulastrI kA pUjana aura kaulAcAra meM 'bhUtapizAcavat' aniyata AcAra vihita mAnA gayA hai| dIkSA : taMtra sAdhanA meM adhikArI guru dvArA anukUla ziSya ko maMtradIkSA Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai| samaya dIkSA aura nirvANa dIkSA nAmaka do prakAra kI dIkSA, sAmAnya vizeSa bheda se hotI hai| nirvANa dIkSA ke do bheda 1) sabIja 2) nirbiij| sabIja dIkSA kA aparanAma hai "putraka dIkSA" athavA "AcArya diikssaa"| Agama graMthoM meM kalA, ekatattva, tritattva, paMcatattva, navatattva, chattIsa tatva pada, maMtra, varNa, bhuvana aura kevalabhubana nAmaka 11 prakAra kI dIkSAe~ batAI haiN| abhiSeka : dIkSA prApta ziSya para gurudvArA jlsiNcn| isa abhiSeka ke zaktipUrNa, kramadIkSA, sAmrAjya, mahAsAmrAjya, yogadIkSA, pUrNadIkSA, mahApUrNadIkSA nAmaka ATha prakAra mAne gaye haiN| sAdhanA : tAMtrika sAdhanA meM uSaHkAla meM guru aura devatA kA dhyAna, mAnasapUjA, maMtrajapa, snAnavidhi, nityArcana, vijayA (bhaMga) grahaNa, bhUtazuddhi, nyAsa, pAtrasthApanA, yaMtrarAjasthApanA, zrIpAtrasthApanA, iSTadaivatapUjA, prANapratiSThA ina vidhiyoM kA pAlana yathAkrama hotA hai| kula : zrIkula aura kAlIkula nAmaka sAdhakoM ke do kula hote haiN| zrIkula meM suMdarI, bhairavI, bAlA, bagalA, kamalA, dhUmAvatI, mAtaMgI aura svapnAvatI ina ATha devatAoM kA aMtarbhAva hotA hai aura kAlIkula meM kAlA, tArA, raktakAlI, bhuvanezvarI, mahiSamardinI, tripurA, durgA aura pratyaMgirA ina ATha devatAoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai|| SoDazocAra pUjA : tAMtrika sAdhaka devatA kI prANapratiSThA hone para jina upacAroM se pUjA karatA hai, ve haiM : Asana, svAgata, pAdya, ardhya, Acamana, punarAcamana, madhuparka, snAna, vasana, AbharaNa, gaMdha, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedya aura vNdn| hiMdusamAja kI upAsanA meM ina SoDazopacAroM kA prayoga rUDha huA hai| paMca makAra : madya, mAMsa, matsya, mudrA aura maithun| inhIM ko "paMcatattva" bhI kahate haiN| vAmAcAra meM ina paMca makAroM kA upayoga Avazyaka mAnA hai| dakSiNAcAra meM paMca makAra kA upayoga nahIM hotaa| ina pAMca makArAdi zabdoM ke artha, taMtrazAstra kA eka vivAdya viSaya hai| ina zabdoM kA laukika arthaprahaNa karane vAle pazubhAvI sAdhakoM ne taMtramArga ko samAja meM niMdApAtra kiyA hai| cakrapUjA : vIrabhAva ke sAdhaka strI-puruSa sAmUhika rItyA maMDala meM baiTha kara vidhipUrvaka surApAna karate haiM taba vaha cakrapUjA kahalAtI hai| rAjacakra, mahAcakra, devacakra, vIracakra, bhairavacakra aura brahmacakra nAmaka chaha prakAra ke cakra hote haiN| bindu : zivAMza aura zaktyaMza kI sRSTi-nirmiti ke pUrva saamyaavsthaa| sRSTi kA AraMbha hote samaya mUla biMdu icchA, jJAna aura kriyA svarUpa meM vibhakta hotA hai / mUla biMdu ko parA vAk aura agrima tIna biMduoM ko pazyaMtI, madhyamA, vaikharI kahate haiN| brahmapura : mAnava shriir| nADI : zarIra meM vidyamAna shktistrot| manuSya deha meM sADhe tIna karoDa nADiyoM meM 14 pramukha haiM jinameM iDA, piMgalA aura suSumNA pramukha haiN| tInoM meM raktavarNa suSumNA sarvazreSTha hai| usake aMtargata citrA brahmanADI mAnI jAtI hai| SaTcakra : mUlAdhAra, svAdhiSThAna, maNipura, anAhata, vizuddha aura aajnyaa| sahasrAracakra zarIra ke Urdhvatama sthAna meM hotA hai| (yogazAstra meM bhI ina cakroM kA mahattva pratipAdana kiyA hai|) saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 161 For Private and Personal Use Only

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brahmagraMthI, viSNugraMthI aura rudragraMthI hai (vedAnta graMthI : maNipura, anAhata aura AjJA cakroM ke apara nAma yathAkrama zAstra meM inhIM ko putraiSaNA, vittaiSaNA aura lokaiSaNA kahate haiM / ) sAmarasya : jIva aura ziva kI nijI zakti se milana kI uccatama sAdhanAvasthA / isa avasthA meM jIva zivasamAna aura jIva kI bhakti, zaktisamAna hotI hai| tAMtrika sAdhaka kA yahI prAptavya hai / 162 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dIrgha kAla taka taMtramArga ke viSaya meM janatA meM anAdara kI bhAvanA rhii| bhaktimArgI sAhitya meM yAjJika aura tAMtrika donoM kI upahAsagarbha niMdA huI hai| isakA kAraNa thA taMtra vAGmaya kI gUDhArthakatA aura apane ko tAMtrika kahane vAloM kI madya, mAMsa maithuna ityAdi ke prati Asakti tathA anaitika vyavahAra / taMtramArga kI yaha badanAmI haTAne kA prayAsa mahArNava taMtra meM huA hai / usa taMtra meM madya mAMsAdi paMca makAra ke saMbaMdha meM sudhAra sUcita kiyA hai| madyapAna meM atireka karane vAle ko devIbhakta nahIM mAnanA caahie| kaliyuga meM maithuna nijI dharmapatnI ke sAtha hI karanA cAhie / madya ke sthAna para dUdha, zakkara aura madhu kA mizraNa lenA cAhie, isa prakAra ke sudhAra mahArNavataMtra meM batAye gaye haiN| taMtramArga ke viSaya meM viparIta dhAraNA samAja meM prasRta hone ke kAraNa tAMtrika vAGmaya kI dIrghakAla taka upekSA hotI rhii| hiMduoM ke dhArmika vAGmaya kA vyApaka evaM gaMbhIra adhyayana karane vAle eca. eca. vilsana, jaoNna, jaoNrja vuDaraoNpha aura unake sahayogI pramathanAtha mukhopAdhyAya, moniyara vilyama, ena. maikanikala Dablyu. je. vilkinsa, oNrthara aeNvhalaoNna, Ara. Dablyu. phrejara ityAdi pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne aura taMtratattva ke lekhaka zivacaMdra vidyArNava ne tAMtrika vAGmaya kA AloDana kiyA aura usake saMbaMdha meM prasRta lokabhrama kA nivAraNa, apane granthoM dvArA karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| padmabhUSaNa gopInAtha kavirAjajI ne tAMtrika sAhitya viSayaka 7 sau pRSThoM kI bRhatsUcI pradIrgha prastAvanA ke sAtha prakAzita kara taMtra zAstra ke jijJAsuoM para mahAna upakAra kiyaa| usa sUcI meM nirdiSTa mahattvapUrNa mudrita granthoM kA ullekha prastuta saMskRta vAGmaya koza meM yathAsthAna huA hai| pItAMbarApITha (vanakhaNDezvara, datiyA, madhyapradeza) ke zrI svAmIjI mahArAja ne tAMtrika sAdhanAoM meM sArI Ayu vyatIta kara Agama (taMtra) aura nigama (veda) ke samanvaya kA mahAn prayAsa kiyA / taMtramArga kI pratiSThA prasthApita karane meM zrI pItAmbarA pIThAdhIzvara svAmIjI kA yogadAna vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa - 8 mImAMsA aura vedAnta darzana 1 "mImAMsA darzana" "mImAMsA" zabda atiprAcIna hai| taittirIya saMhitA, kAThaka saMhitA, atharvaveda, zAMkhAyana brAhmaNa, chAndogya upaniSada Adi prAcIna granthoM meM, "mImAMsante mImAMsamAna, mImAMsita tathA mImAMsA" ityAdi zabdoM kA, kisI saMdehAtmaka viSaya meM vicAra vimarza karanA, isa artha meM prayoga huA hai| pANini (3/1/5-6) ne "san" pratyaya ke sAtha sAta dhAtuoM ke nirmANa kI bAta kahI hai; jinameM eka hai "mImAMsate" jo mAn dhAtu se banA hai; jisakA artha kAzikA meM "jAnane kI icchA' kahA gayA hai| kAtyAyana ke vArtikoM meM prasajyapratiSedha, paryudAsa, zAstrAtideza jaise mImAMsAzAstra ke viziSTa pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM kAzakRtsi dvArA vyAkhyAyita mImAMsA kA ullekha AtA hai| pazcAtkAlIna vidvAnoM ne mImAMsAzAstra ko caturdaza yA aSTAdaza vidyAsthAnoM meM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa kahA hai ("caturdazasu vidyAsu mImAMsaiva garIyasI") kyoM ki vaha vaidika vacanoM ke artha ke viSaya meM utpanna sandehoM, bhrAmaka dhAraNAoM evaM abodhakatA ko dUra karatA hai, tathA anya vidyAsthAnoM ko apane artha spaSTa karane ke lie isakI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| zruti meM pratipAdita karmakANDa aura jJAnakANDa meM se karmakANDa kA viSaya hai yajJa-yAgAdi vidhi tathA anuSThAnoM kA (arthAt vaidika AcAradharma kA) prtipaadn| kumArilabhaTTa ne yahI mImAMsA zAstra kA prayojana batAyA hai- "dharmAkhyaM viSayaM vaktuM mImAMsAyAH pryojnm"| isa prayojana ke anusAra zrutismRtipurANokta dharmazAstra ke sAtha,mImAMsA kA ati nikaTa saMbaMdha hai| dharmazAstra ke lekhakoM ne mImAMsA zAstra ke "niyama" evaM "parisaMkhyA" siddhAnta kA tathA holAkAdhikaraNanyAya kA bahudhA prayoga kiyA hai| karmakANDa vedoM kA pUrvakhaMDa aura jJAnakhaNDa uttarakhaMDa hone ke kAraNa, mImAMsAdarzana ko "pUrvamImAMsA" aura vedAnta darzana ko uttaramImAMsA tathA "nyAyazAstra" bhI kahA gayA hai| mImAMsAviSayaka aneka graMthoM ke (nyAyakaNikA, nyAyaratnAkara, nyAyamAlA i.) "nyAya zabda pUrvaka nAma, isakA pramANa haiN| mImAMsA zAstra ke graMthoM meM ardhajaratIya nyAya, ardhakukkuTIpAkanyAya, paMkaprakSAlananyAya, mASamudganyAya, go-balIvardanyAya, brahmaNaparivrAjakanyAya, adhaMparaMparAnyAya, AkAzamuSThihanananyAya, aMgAginyAya, naSTAzva-dagdharathanyAya, chatrinyAya, niSAdasthapatinyAya, kaimutikanyAya, piSTeSaNanyAya, kAkadantaparIkSAnyAya, sthAlIpulAkanyAya, ityAdi aneka laukika evaM vaidika nyAyoM kA prayoga huA hai| vizeSataH kumArilabhaTTa ne apane taMtravArtika meM ina nyAyoM kA prabhUta mAtrA meM upayoga kiyA hai| isa zAstra ko "nyAyazAstra" mAnane kA yaha bhI eka mahattvapUrNa kAraNa ho sakatA hai| isa zAstra ke kucha graMthoM ke nAmoM meM "taMtra" zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai, jaise kumArilabhaTTakRta taMtravArtika evaM citrasvAmI (20 vIM zatI) kRta taMtrasiddhAnta-ratnAvali ityaadi| ataH yaha "taMtrazAstra" zabda se bhI nirdezita hotA hai| inake atirikta, dharmamImAMsA anIzvara-mImAMsA, vicArazAstra, adhvaramImAMsA, vAkyazAstra ityAdi zabdoM se bhI mImAMsA darzana nirdiSTa hotA hai paraMtu pUrvamImAMsA-darzana yA mImAMsA-zAstra ina zabdoM kA hI prayoga sarvatra rUDha hai| jaiminikRta mImAMsAsUtra isa darzana kA pramukhatama graMtha hai| jaimini kA samaya I.pU. 3 zatI mAnA jAtA hai| unhoMne apane graMtha meM bAdarAyaNa, bAdari, aitizAyana, kAjini lAvukAyana, kAmukAyana, Atreya aura Alekhana nAmaka ATha pUrvAcAryoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| jaimini ke sUtra graMtha meM do bhAga mAne jAte haiN| 1) dvAdazalakSaNI aura 2) saMkarSaNa kANDa (yA devtaakaanndd)| dvAdazalakSaNI ke 12 adhyAyoM meM kramazaH dharmajijJAsA, karmabheda, zeSatva, prayojya-prayojakabhAva, karmakrama, adhikAra, sAmAnyavizeSa, atideza, Uha, bAdha aura taMtra-AvApa ina bAraha viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| mImAMsA ke adhyetA isa dvAdazalakSaNI kA hI pradhAnatayA adhyayana karate haiN| saMkarSaNakAMDa AraMbha se hI upekSita rahA hai tathA isake praNetA ke viSaya meM bhI matabheda hai| kucha vidvAna kAzakRtsra ko isake praNetA mAnate haiN| isa kANDa meM devatAoM para vicAra vimarza huA hai kintu dharmazAstra para isakA koI prabhAva nahIM hai| kucha vidvAna ise "dvAdazalakSaNI" kA pariziSTa mAnate haiN| jaimini ke sUtroM kI saMkhyA 2644 tathA adhikaraNoM kI saMkhyA 909 hai| ina sUtroM para upavarSa (I. 1-2 zatI) aura bhavadAsa ne vRttiyAM likhI thiiN| I. 2 rI zatI meM zabarAcAryane bhASya likhA jo "zAbarabhASya" nAma se prakhyAta hai| zabara ke saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 163 se "dvAdazalakSaNI saMkhyA 909 hai| ina sya" nAma se prakhyAta For Private and Personal Use Only

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pUrva mUla sUtragrantha para kucha TIkAtmaka graMtha likhe gaye the aisA zAbarabhASya ke avalokana se pratIta hotA hai| zAbarabhASya para i. 7 vIM zatI meM kumArilabhaTTa ne tIna mahattvapUrNa vRttigraMthoM kI racanA kI : 1) zlokavArtika 2) taMtravArtika tathA 3) TupaTIkA / kumArilabhaTTa ke prasiddha ziSya maNDanamizra ne vidhiviveka, bhAvanAviveka, vibhramaviveka aura mImAMsAnukramaNI nAmaka graMtha likhe| kumArilabhaTTa ke vaiziSTyapUrNa pratipAdana ke kAraNa unake matapraNAlI ko "bhATTamata" kahate haiN| isa mata ke anuyAyiyoM meM tarkaratna, nyAyaratnamAlA, nyAyaratnAkara tathA zAstradIpikA ina cAra graMthoM ke lekhaka pArthasArathimizra, nyAyaratnamAlAkAra mAdhavAcArya aura bhATTakaustubha, bhATTadIpikA evaM bhATTarahasya ke lekhaka khaMDadeva mizra vizeSa prasiddha haiN| ___ kumArilabhaTTa ke samakAlIna prabhAkara mizra ne zAbarabhASya para do TIkAe~ likhI haiM : 1) bRhatI evaM 2) lghvii| prabhAkara kI vicAraparaMparA ko prAbhAkara saMpradAya tathA gurumata kahate haiN| prabhAkara ke ziSya zAlIkanAtha mizra ne "bRhatI" para RjuvimalA aura "laghvI" para dIpazikhA nAmaka TIkAoM dvArA prAbhAkara mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| unhoMne apane prakaraNapaMjikA nAmaka svataMtra graMtha meM mImAMsAzAstra kA prayojana, pramANavicAra, jJAna tathA AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM savistara vivecana kiyA hai| isI gurumata ke anuyAyI bhavanAtha (yA bhavadeva) ne apane nayaviveka (yA nyAyaviveka) nAmaka graMtha meM zAlIkanAtha ke tInoM graMthoM kA sArAMza diyA hai| prAbhAkara saMpradAya ke lekhakoM meM nyAyaratnAkara (jaiminisUtroM kI vyAkhyA) tathA amRtabindu ke lekhaka candra (jo gurumatAcArya upAdhi se vibhUSita the), prabhAkara vijaya ke lekhaka nandIzvara (I. 14 vIM zatI kerala ke nivAsI), nayatanasaMgraha ke lekhaka bhaTTaviSNu (I. 14 vIM zatI) bhavanAtha mizrakRta nyAyaviveka para arthadIpikA TIkA ke lekhaka varadarAja (I. 16 vIM zatI) ityAdi nAma ullekhanIya haiN| rAmAnujAcAryakRta taMtrarahasya graMtha svalpakAya hote hue bhI "prabhAkaramata-pravezikA" mAnA jAtA hai| "murArestRtIyaH panthAH" yaha lokokti mImAMsAdarzana ke antargata murArimizra ke tRtIya saMpradAya kA nirdeza karatI hai| gaMgeza upAdhyAya evaM unake putra vardhamAna upAdhyAya (I. 13 vIM zatI) ke graMthoM meM (kusumAMjali tathA usakI vyAkhyA) murAri kI tIsarI paraMparA kA ullekha huA hai| isI saMpradAya kA vAGmaya luptaprAya hone ke kAraNa yaha paraMparA Aja vizeSa mahattva nahIM rkhtii| murArikRta tripAdanItinaya aura ekAdazAdhyAyAdhikaraNa, prakAzita hue haiN| prathama graMtha meM jaiminisUtroM ke cAra pAdoM kI evaM dvitIya meM ekAdaza adhyAya ke kucha aMzoM kI vyAkhyA hai| Adhunika kAla meM DaoN. gaMgAnAtha jhA (jinhoMne zAbarabhASya, taMtravArtika aura zlokavArtika kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA) kRta mImAMsAnukramaNikA (le. maMDanamizra) kI mImAMsAmaMDana nAmaka vyAkhyA, vAmanazAstrI kiMjavaDekarakRta pazvAlaMbhanamImAMsA, paM. gopInAtha kavirAja kRta mImAMsAviSayaka hastalikhita graMthoM kI sUcI, karnala jI.esa. jekaba dvArA saMpAdita zAbarabhASya kA sUcIpatra tathA laukika nyAyAMjali (3 khaMDoM meM), ma.ma. veMkaTasubbAzAstrI kA bhaTTakalpataru, ma.ma. cinnasvAmI zAstrI dvArA likhita mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza-TIkA, taMtrasiddhAnta-ratnAvalI aura yajJatattvaprakAza; kevalAnaMda sarasvatI (mahArASTra meM vAI kSetra ke nivAsI) kRta mImAMsAkoza, bhImAcArya jhalakIkarakRta nyAyakoza ityAdi graMthoM ne mImAMsA darzanaviSayaka saMskRtavAGmaya kI paraMparA akSuNNa rakhI hai| 2 "mImAMsA darzana kI rUparekhA" "athAto dharmajijJAsA-" yaha mImAMsA darzana kA prathama sUtra hai| arthAt dharma hI isa kA mukhya pratipAdya hai jisa kA nirdeza karma, yajJa, homa, Adi aneka zabdoM se hotA hai| jaiminisUtroM ke bAraha adhyAyoM meM kula 56 pAda (pratyeka adhyAya meM 4 paad| kevala adhyAya 3 aura 6 meM ATha ATha pAda haiN|) aura lagabhaga eka hajAra adhikaraNoM meM isa mukhya viSaya kA pratipAdana huA hai| inake nirUpaNa ke prasaMga meM saiMkaDoM "nyAya" aura siddhAnta sthApita hue haiM jinakA upayoga prAyaH sabhI zAstroM (vizeSataH dharma zAstra) ne kiyA hai| adhikaraNa meM aneka sUtra Ate haiM jinameM eka pradhAna sUtra aura anya guNasUtra hote haiN| viSaya, saMzaya, pUrvapakSa, siddhAnta aura prayojana tathA saMgati nAmaka chaha avayava adhikaraNa ke aMtargata hote haiN| mImAMsAsUtroM ke "dvAdazalakSaNI" nAmaka prathama khaMDa ke prathama adhyAya meM dharma kA vivecana huA hai| "codanA-lakSaNo'rtho dharmaH" (arthAt-vedoM ke AjJArthI vacanoM dvArA vihita iSTa karma) yaha isa zAstra ke anusAra dharma kA lakSaNa hai| yahAM para vidhi, arthavAda, mantra, aura nAmadheya ina vedoM ke cAroM bhAgoM ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| isI taraha veda ke dvArA niSiddha karma ke anuSThAna se adharma hotA hai| yajJa-yAga dharma hai aura brahmahatyA ityAdi adharma hai| iSTasAdhanatA, vedabodhitatA aura anartha se asaMbaMddhatA jahA~ ho, vahI karma, mImAMsakoM ke matAnusAra, "dharma" kahane yogya hai| vaidika dharma kA jJAna mukhya rUpa se vidhi, arthavAda, mantra, smRti, AcAra, nAmadheya, vAkyazeSa, aura sAmarthya yA ziSTAcAra ina ATha pramANoM se hotA hai| mImAMsAzAstra meM "bhAvanA" eka viziSTa pAribhASika zabda pracalita hai jisa kA artha hai, hone vAle karma kI utpatti ke anukUla, prayojaka meM rahane vAlA vizeSa vyaapaar| yaha vyApAra,veda apauruSeya hone ke kAraNa "yajeta' ityAdi zabdoM meM hI rahatA hai| isa lie ise "zAbdI bhAvanA" kahate haiN| zAbdI bhAvanA ko tIna aMzoM kI apekSA hotI hai :- (1) sAdhya, (2) 164/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza- graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAdhana aura ( 3 ) itikartavyatA / puruSa meM svarga kI icchA se utpanna yAgaviSayaka jo prayatna hai, vahI hai "ArthI bhAvanA" / AkhyAtattva dvArA isa kA abhidhAna kiyA jAtA hai kyoM ki "yajeta" isa AkhyAta ke sunane para "yAga meM yatna kareM" aisI pratIti hotI hai| yahI prayatna AkhyAta kA vAcya hai| "artha" zabda kA artha hai phala phala se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNa isa dvitIya bhAvanA ko "ArthI bhAvanA" kahA gayA hai| ArthI bhAvanA se saMbaMdhita phala, yajJa-yAga Adi kAraNoM se sAkSAt tatkAla nahIM prApta ho sakatA ataH yajJAdi sAdhana aura svargAdi sAdhya ke madhya meM "apUrva" nAmaka pRthak tattva kI sattA mImAMsakoM dvArA mAnI gayI hai| "apUrva" kA yaha siddhAMta zrI zaMkarAcArya ne bhI mAnya kiyA hai| ve use karma kI sUkSma uttarAvasthA tathA phala kI pUrvAvasthA kahate hai yaha "apUrva" cAra prakAra kA hai- (1) paramApUrva (2) samudAyApUrva, (3) utpatyapUrva aura (4) aMgApUrva / yaha apUrva (paramApUrva), phala ke udaya hone taka yajamAna kI AtmA meM avasthita rahatA hai aura phala utpanna hone para naSTa ho jAtA hai| -- zAstra meM yAga, homa, dAna, Adi kamoM kA vidhAna vividha AkhyAtoM (kriyApadoM) dvArA hotA hai jinake abhiprAya meM vibhinnatA hotI hai| isa vibhinnatA ko ThIka jAnane ke lie mImAMsakoM ne chaha pramANa svIkRta kiye haiN| (1) zabdAntara, (2) abhyAsa, (3) saMkhyA, (4) saMjJA, (5) guNa aura (6) prakaraNAntara / ye saba pramANa mAtra karmasvarUpa kA bodha karAne vAlI "utpatti vidhi" ke sahAyyaka haiN| isI utpatti vidhi kA nirUpaNa mImAMsA sUtra ke prathama aura dvitIya adhyAya meM huA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM "viniyoga vidhi" kA nirUpaNa hai| viniyoga kA artha hai aMgatvabodhana / aMgatva kA bodhana karane ke liye zruti, liMga, vAkya, prakaraNa, sthAna, aura samAkhyA ye chaha sahAyyaka pramANa hote haiN| inameM zruti tIna prakAra kI hai (1) vibhaktirUpa, (2) samAnAbhidhAnarUpa aura (3) ekpdruup| liMga do prakAra kA hai| :- (1) sAmAnya saMbaMdha pramANAntara sApekSa aura (2) nirapekSa / prakaraNa do prakAra kA hai :- (1) mahAprakaraNa aura (2) avAntara prakaraNa sthAna do prakAra kA hai| (1) pATha ( isake bhI do prakAra haiM (1) yathAsaMkhya aura (2) saMnidhi / ) aura (2) anuSThAna samAkhyA (arthAt yaugika zabda) ke do prakAra haiM :- (1) laukika aura (2) vaidika / :-- ye aMgatva bodhaka chaha pramANa kramazaH eka dUsare se durbala hote haiN| arthAt zruti sabase prabala aura samAkhyA sabase durbala pramANa hai| isI krama se ina meM pArasyarika virodha hotA hai taba para- pramANa se pUrva pramANa kA bodha grAhya hotA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se ye sabhI bodhaka aMga do prakAra ke haiM (1) sannipatyopakAraka aura (2) aaraadupkaark| unameM prathama kI apekSA dvitIya durbala hotA hai isI adhyAya meM "zeSa" kA vicAra huA hai maMtra puruSArtha ke zeSa hote haiM puruSArtha kartA ke aura kartA kucha karmo kA zeSa hotA hai| yajJa kA adhikArI vedAdhyAyI puruSa hI hotA hai anya nahIM, yaha siddhAnta isa adhyAya meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| . I caturtha adhyAya meM "prayoga" nirUpaNa karate hue prayojya aura prayojaka kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yajJa ke liye jo bhI kartavya AjJApita hotA hai, vaha "kratvartha" aura anya kartavya "puruSArtha" hotA hai arthakarma, pratipattikarma Adi karmoM meM deza, kAla, kartA, kA nirUpaNa karane vAle zrutivAkya, "arthavAda" nahIM api tu "niyama" hote haiN| jina vratoM kA koI viziSTa phala batAyA nahIM hotA, unakA phala svargaprApti samajhanA caahie| kramanirUpaNa paMcama adhyAya kA viSaya hai| isa krama kA saMbaMdha prayogavidhi se hai| anuSThAna ko zIghratA ke sAtha batAnA prayogavidhi kA kArya hai| yaha krama viziSTa prakAra kA anukrama hai| isa Anantarya anukrama ke bodha ke liye mImAMsakoM ne chaha sahAyaka kAraNa yA pramANa batAye haiM :- (1) zruti, (2) artha, ( 3 ) pATha, (4) sthAna (5) mukhya aura (6) pravRtti / inameM bhI (zruti, liMga, Adi aMgatva bodhaka pramANoM kI taraha) "pAradaurbalya" (arthAt uttarottara pramANa kI durbalatA) yathAkrama mAnI jAtI hai| chaThe adhyAya meM "adhikAravidhi" kA vivecana huA hai "darzapUrNamAsAbhyAM svargakAmo yajeta" Adi vAkya adhikAravidhi ke udAharaNa haiM jinameM svargakAma Adi kA adhikArI ke rUpa meM upAdAna kiyA gayA hai| aMgahIna ( aMdha badhira paMgu i.) manuSyoM kA karmAnuSThAna meM adhikAra nahIM hai| mImAMsako ke matAnusAra devatA zarIradhArI nahIM hote, ataH unakA bhI karma meM adhikAra nahIM hai| yajJa karmoM meM vrIhi ityAdi vihita dravya ke abhAva meM nIvAra ityAdi dravyoM ko "pratinidhi" ke rUpa meM apanAyA jAtA hai| SaSTha adhyAya taka "upadeza" se saMbaMdhita viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ina ke bAda ke chaha adhyAyoM meM "atideza" se saMbaMdhita viSayoM kA vicAra huA hai| saptama aura aSTama adhyAya meM atideza ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa rUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| atideza kA artha hai, eka sthAna meM sune hue aMgoM ko, dUsare sthAna para pahuMcAne vAlA zAstra / atideza ke mukhyataH tIna prakAra hote haiM : (1) vacanAtideza, (2) nAmAtideza aura (3) codanA - liNgaatidesh| inameM bhI prathama atideza anya donoM kI apekSA prabala hotA hai| navama adhyAya meM "Uha" kA vivecana kiyA hai| atideza ke anusAra prakRti -yAga meM vihita vidhi yA padArtha, saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 165 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra sAdRzya ke kAraNa vikRti-yAga meM bhI grAhya mAne jAte haiM, taba unako usI kArya ke anusAra banAnA "Uha" kA kArya hai / Uha" ke tIna prakAra : www.kobatirth.org (1) maMtroha, (2) samoha aura (3) saMskAroha / prakRti yAga meM prokSaNa Adi saMskAra brIhI para batAye ho to una ke sthAna para prayukta nIvAra Adi para prokSaNa hote haiN| yaha saMskAra Uha kA udAharaNa hai| prakRti ke atideza se vikRti meM jina aMgoM kI prApti kA saMbhava ho, unakI kisI kAraNa vikRti meM nivRtti hotI hai| isI ko dazama adhyAya meM "bAdha" kahA hai jaise kisI yAga meM vrIhI ke sthAna para sone ke tukar3e vihita hoM, taba atideza se prApta avaghAta yA kaMDana kA koI prayojana na hone se use bAdha AtA hai| yaha bAdha tIna kAraNoM se hotA hai (1) arthalopa, (2) pratyAkhyAna aura (3) pratiSedha ina tIna kAraNoM se hone vAlA bAdha do prakAra kA hotA hai :- (1) prApta bAdha aura (2) aprApta bAdha / saMbaMdha meM bhI mArmika carcA huI hai| : isI bAdha kI carcA meM abhyuccaya, paryudAsa, aura namartha ke gyArahaveM adhyAya meM taMtra aura AvApa kA vicAra hai| anekoM ke uddezya se, aMgoM kA eka hI bAra anuSThAna "taMtra" kahalAtA hai, aura kahIM kahIM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa anuSThAna kI AvRtti bhI hotI hai, taba use "AvApa" kahate haiM / adRzya pariNAma vAle kRtya eka hI bAra kiye jAte haiM aura jinake pariNAma dRzya hote hai, aise kRtyoM kI pariNAma dIkhate taka AvRtti karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| prasaMgavicAra 12 veM adhyAya kA viSaya hai| bhojana guru ke lie banavAyA jAne para, usI samaya dUsare kisI ziSTa kA Agamana huA, to usake svAgata kA pRthag Ayojana nahIM karanA pdd'taa| isa prakAra dUsare se upakAra kA lAbha ho jAne ke kAraNa prayukta aMga kA anuSThAna na karanA "prasaMga" kahA gayA hai| 3 "mImAMsA darzana ke kucha maulika siddhAnta" 1) veda nitya, svayaMbhU evaM apauruSeya aura agopa haiN| 2) zabda aura artha kA saMbaMdha nitya hai, vaha kisI vyakti ke dvArA utpanna nahIM hai| 3) AtmAeM aneka, nitya evaM zarIra se bhinna haiM / ve jJAna evaM mana se bhI bhinna haiN| AtmA kA nivAsa zarIra meM hotA hai / aura devatA gauNa / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 4) yajJa meM havi pradhAna hai, 5) phala kI prApti yajJa se hI hotI hai, Izvara yA devatAoM se nahIM / 6) sImita buddhi vAle loga vedavacanoM ko bhalI bhAMti na jAnane ke kAraNa bhrAmaka bAte karate haiN| (7) akhila vizva kI na to vAstavika sRSTi hotI hai aura na vinaash| 8) yajJasaMpAdana saMbaMdhI karma evaM phala ke bIca donoM ko jor3ane vAlI "apUrva" nAmaka zakti hotI hai| yajJa kA pratyeka kRtya eka "apUrva" kI utpatti karatA hai; jo saMpUrNa kRtya ke apUrva kA choTA rUpa hotA hai / 9) pratyeka anubhava sapramANa hotA hai, ataH vaha bhrAmaka yA mithyA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 10) mahAbhArata evaM purANa manuSyakRta haiM, ataH unakI svargaviSayaka dhAraNA avicAraNIya hai| svargasaMbaMdhI vaidika nirUpaNa kevala arthavAda (prazaMsApara vacana) hai| 11) niratizaya sukha ho svarga hai aura use sabhI khojate hai| 12) abhilaSita vastuoM kI prApti ke lie veda meM jo upAya ghoSita hai, vaha iha yA paraloka meM avazya phaladAyaka hogaa| 13) niratizaya sukha (svarga) vyakti ke pAsa taba taka nahIM AtA jaba taka vaha jIvita rahatA hai| ataH svarga kA upabhoga dUsare jIvana meM hI hotA hai| 14) AtmajJAna ke viSaya meM upaniSadoM kI uktiyAM kevala arthavAda haiM kyoM ki ve kartA ko yahI jJAna detI hai ki vaha AtmavAn hai aura AtmA ki kucha vizeSatAeM hai| 15) niSiddha aura kAmya karmo ko sarvathA chor3a kara, nitya evaM naimittika karma niSkAma buddhi se karanA, yahI mokSa (arthAt janma maraNa se chuTakArA pAne kA sAdhana hai| 16) karmoM ke phala unhIM ko prApta hote haiM jo unheM cAhate haiM / 166 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa (1) nirvikalpa aura (2) savikalpaka / 17 ) pratyakSa jJAna ke do bheda hote haiM :18) vedoM meM do prakAra ke vAkya hote haiM: (1) siddhArthaka (jaise- satyaM jJAnamanantaM brahma) aura (2) vidhAyaka / veda kA tAtparya vidhAyaka vAkyoM meM hI hai| siddhArthaka vAkya antato gatvA vidhi vAkyoM se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNa hI caritArtha hote haiN| 19) vedamantroM meM jina RSiyoM ke nAma pAye jAte haiM ve una mantroM ke "draSTA" hote haiM kartA nhiiN| - - For Private and Personal Use Only

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20) svataH prAmANyavAda- (1) jJAna kI prAmANikatA yA yathArthatA kahIM bAhara se nahIM AtI apitu vaha jJAna kI utpAdaka sAmagrI ke saMga meM, svataH (apane Apa) utpanna hotI hai| 21) jJAna utpanna hote hI usake prAmANya kA jJAna bhI usI samaya hotA hai| usa kI siddhi ke lie anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| 22) jJAna kA prAmANya svataH hotA hai kintu usakA aprAmANya "parataH" hotA hai| 23) padArthoM kI saMkhyAH - prabhAkara ke matAnusAra ATha :- dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, paratantratA, zakti, sAdRzya aura sNkhyaa| kumArila ke matAnusAra eka bhAva aura cAra prakAra ke abhAva milAkara pAMca pdaarth| murArimizra ke matAnusAra :- brahma hI ekamAtra paramArtha bhUta padArtha hai, paraMtu laukika vyavahAra kI upapatti ke lie anya cAra padArtha bhI haiM: (1) dharmivizeSa (niyata Azraya) (2) dharmavizeSa (niyata Adheya), (3) AdhAravizeSa aura (4) pradezavizeSa / 24) yaha saMsAra, bhogAyatana (zarIra), bhogasAdhana (indriyAM) aura bhogaviSaya (zabdAdi) ina tIna vastuoM se yukta tathA anAdi aura ananta hai| 25) karmoM ke phalonmukha hone para, aNusaMyoga se vyakti utpanna hote haiM aura karma phala kI samApti hone para unakA nAza hotA hai| 26) kArya kI utpatti ke lie upAdana kAraNa ke atirikta "zakti" kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai| zaktihIna upAdana kAraNa se kAryotpatti nahIM hotii| 27) AtmA-kartA, bhoktA, vyApaka aura pratizarIra meM bhinna hotA hai| vaha pariNAmazIla hone para bhI nitya padArtha hai| 28) AtmA meM cit tathA acit do aMza hote haiN| cidaMza se vaha jJAna kA anubhava pAtA hai, aura acit aMza se vaha pariNAma ko prApta karatA hai| 29) AtmA caitanyasvarUpa nahIM api tu caitanyaviziSTa hai| 30) anukUla paristhiti meM AtmA meM caitanya kA udaya hotA hai, svapnAvasthA meM zarIra kA viSaya se saMbaMdha na hone se AtmA meM caitanya nahIM rhtaa| 31) kumArila bhaTTa AtmA ko jJAna kA kartA tathA jJAna kA viSaya donoM mAnate haiM, paraMtu prabhAkara AtmA ko pratyeka jJAna kA kevala kartA mAnate haiM, kyoM ki eka hI vastu ekasAtha kartA tathA karma nahIM ho sktii| 32) codanA lakSaNo'rtho dharmaH- vidhi kA pratipAdana karane vAle vedavAkyoM ke dvArA vihita artha hI dharma kA svarUpa hai| 33) bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna, sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa padArtho ko batalAne meM jitanA sAmarthya "codanA" meM (arthAt vidhi pratipAdaka vedavAkyoM meM) hai utanA indriyoM yA anya pramANoM meM nahIM hai| 34) nitya karmoM ke anuSThAna se duritakSaya (pApoM kA nAza) hotA hai| unake na karane se "pratyavAya doSa" utpanna hotA hai| 35) devatA zabdamaya yA maMtrAtmaka hote haiN| mantroM ke atirikta devatAoM kA astitva nahIM hotaa| 36) prAcIna mImAMsA graMthoM ke AdhAra para Izvara kI sattA siddha nahIM mAnI jaatii| uttarakAlIna mImAMsakoM ne Izvara ko karmaphala ke dAtA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| 37) jaba laukika yA dRSTa prayojana milatA hai taba alaukika yA adRSTa kI kalpanA nahIM karanI caahie| 38) vedamaMtroM ke arthajJAna ke sahita kiye hue karma hI phaladAyaka ho sakate haiM, anya nhiiN| 39) kisI bhI graMtha ke tattvajJAna yA tAtpayArya kA nirNaya-upakrama, upasaMhAra, abhyAsa, apUrvatA, phala, arthavAda, aura upapatti ina sAta pramANoM ke AdhAra para karanA caahiye| 40) kisI bhI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana, viSaya, saMzaya, pUrva pakSa, uttara pakSa aura prayojana (yA nirNaya) ina pAMca aMgoM dvArA honA caahie| 4 "vedAnta darzana" prAcIna bhAratIya paraMparA ke anusAra veda kA vibhAjana karmakANDa aura jJAnakANDa nAmaka do kANDoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| karma kANDa ke antargata yajJayAgAdi vidhi tathA anuSThAna kA vicAra hotA hai| jJAnakANDa meM Izvara, jIva, jagat ke saMbaMdha meM vivecana hotA hai| ina donoM kANDoM meM sArA pratipAdana vedavacanoM ke anusAra hI hotA hai| ina kA tarka bhI vedAnukUla hI hotA hai| vedaprAmANya ke anusAra tattvapratipAdana karate samaya jahAM ApAtataH virodhI vedavacana milate haiM, unake virodha kA prazamana karane ke prayatnoM meM "mImAMsA' kA udbhava huaa| yaha mImAMsA do prakAra kI mAnI gayIH (1) karmamImAMsA evaM (2) jJAnamImAMsA / karmamImAMsA ko pUrvamImAMsA aura jJAnamImAMsA ko uttaramImAMsA kahane kI paripATI hai| uttara-mImAMsA hI vedAnta darzana kahA jAtA hai| vaidikajJAna kANDa meM antabhUrta nyAya-vaizeSika-sAMkhya-yoga aura pUrva-uttara mImAMsA ina Astika SaD darzanoM meM dArzanikoM ke tattvacintana kA paramocca zikhara mAnA gayA hai vedAnta drshn| nAstika (veda kA prAmANya na mAnane vAle cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha) aura Astika (vedoM kA prAmANya mAnane vAle) darzanoM ke vaicArika vikAsa ke anukrama kA pratipAdana karate hue kucha prAcIna saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 167 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vidvAnoM ne prAraMbha meM nAstika aura usake bAda Astika darzanoM kI jo sopAna paraMparA mAnI hai, usake anusAra ThIka cintana karane para jijJAsu vedAnta ke advaita vicAra taka pahuMcatA hai| isa darzana paMpa sthUla se sUkSma, sUkSmatara, sUkSmatama isa krama se vaicArika pragati dikhAI detI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dArzanikoM ke AtmaviSayaka vicAra dekhie| atyaMta sthUla buddhi kA manuSya "AtmA vai jAyate putraH" isa vacana ke anusAra putra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai| usake upara cArvAkavAdI "sa vA eSa puruSo annarasamayaH" isa vacana ke anusAra nijI sthUla zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai| isake Age lokA pata matavAdI indriyoM ko, prANAtmavAdI zarIrasaMcArI prANa ko, manavAdI mana ko, yogAcAravAdI (yA vijJAnavAdI) buddhi ko, prabhAkara pImAMsaka jJAna ko, kumArila matAnuyAyI ajJAnasthita caitanya ko, mAdhyamika bauddha zUnya ko aura aMta meM vedAntavATI nitya-zuka zuddha mukta-svabhAvI annaryAmI caitanya ko AtmA mAnate haiN| isa ekamAtra udAharaNa se darzanikoM kI vicAradhArA sthUlatama se sUkSmatama kI ora kisa prakAra bahatI thI aura usakI parisamApti vedAnta darzana meM kisa prakAra huI yaha kalpanA A sakatI hai| isa anukrama se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki anyAnya darzanoM meM ApAtataH bhAsamAna anyonya virodha, aMtima siddhAnta kA Akalana hone kI dRSTi se Avazyaka bheda ke svarUpa kA hai| aMtima siddhAnta ke Akalana ke lie vaha pUraka sA hai / vedAnta darzana kA mUla upaniSado, brahmasUtroM aura bhagavatadgItA isa prasthAnatrayI meM nirvivAda hai| bhASyakAra zrIzaMkarAcAryajI ne isa darzana ko vyavasthita rUpa meM sthApita karane kA kArya apane graMthoM dvArA kiyA, isa tathya ko sabhI mAnate haiM, tathApi zaMkarAcArya se prAcIna vedAntavAdI vidvAnoM ke nAma zrIvyAsakRta brahmasUtroM meM milate haiM jaise:AtreyaH- svAminaH phalazruteH iti AtreyaH (bra sU. 3-3-55) / AzmarathyaH- "abhivyakteH iti AzmarathyaH' (bra.sU. 1-2-39) kArNAjiniH- "carediti cet na upalakSaNArthe kArNAjiniH" (bra.sU. 3-1-9) / kAzakRtstraH - "avasthiteH iti kaashkRtsrH"| (bra.sU. 1-4-22) / inake atirikta auDulomi, jaimini, bAdari, kAzyapa ityAdi pUrvAcAryoM ke nAmoM kA nirdeza brahmasUtroM meM milatA hai| vedAnta darzana meM zrIzaMkara, rAmAnuja, madhva, Adi AcAryo ke bhASyagraMtha agragaNya mAne jAte haiM; paraMtu ina bhASyakAroM ne apane pUrvavartI kucha AcAryoM ke vicAroM kA parAmarza liyA hai| unameM jJAnakarma-samuccayavAdI bhartRprapaMca, zabdAdvaitavAdI bhartRhari (vAkpapadIyakAra) baudhAyana, brahmanaMdI, TaMka, bhAruci, drAviDAcArya, sundarapANDya, brahmadatta Adi nAma ullekhanIya hai| vedAnta darzana kI prasthAnatrayI meM, vyAsakata brahmasUtroM kA vizeSa mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa isa graMtha meM zAstrIya paddhati ke anusAra anya matoM kA parAmarza lete hue brahmavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa graMtha meM cAra adhyAya aura pratyeka adhyAya meM cAra pAda haiN| adhyAyoM ke nAma :- 1) samanvayAdhyAya, 2) avirodhAdhyAya, 3) sAdhanAdhyAya aura 4) phlaadhyaay| isake sUtra itane svalpAkSara haiM ki kisI bhASya kI sahAyatA ke binA unakA artha yA abhiprAya samajhanA atyaMta kaThina hai| mUla sUtrakAra kA saiddhAntika mantavya nirdhArita karane kI AkAMkSA se kucha mahanIya AcAryoM ne brahmasUtra ke bhASya likhe, jo vedAnta darzana viSayaka vAGmaya meM nitAnta mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiM: "brahmasUtra ke bhASyakAra" nAma samaya bhASyAgraMtha siddhAnta 1) zaMkarAcArya - 8-9 vIM zatI - zArIrakabhASya nirvizeSAdvaita 2) bhAskara - 10 vIM zatI - bhAskarabhASya bhedAbheda 3) rAmAnujAcArya - 12 vIM zatI - zrIbhASya - viziSTAdvaita 4) madhvAcArya - 13 vIM zatI - pUrNaprajJabhASya dvaita 5) niMbArkAcArya - 13 vIM zatI - vedAntapArijAta dvaitaadvait| 6) zrIkaNTha - 13 vIM zatI - zaivabhASya zaivaviziSTAdvaita 7) zrIpati - 14 vIM zatI - zrIkarabhASya - vIrazaivaviziSTAdvaita 8) vallabhAcArya -'15-16 vIM zatI - aNubhASya - shuddhaadvait| 9) vijJAnabhikSu -- 16 vIM zatI. - vijJAnAmRta - avibhaagaadvait| 10) baladeva - 18 vIM zatI - goviMdabhASya - aciMtya bhedaabhed| ina zreSTha vidvAnoM ne brahmasUtroM kA arthanirdhAraNa karane ke prayatnoM meM jo vividha siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana apanI pANDityapUrNa zailI meM kiyA hai, usake kAraNa mUla sUtrakAra kA mantavya nirdhArita karanA kaThina ho gayA hai| bhASyakAroM meM zrIzaMkara, rAmAnuja, madhva, aura niMbArka ke dvArA sampradAyoM kI sthApanA huI hai| ina sampradAyoM ke anuyAyI vidvAna apane hI saMpradAyapravartaka ke siddhAnta brahmasUtroM kA mantavya mAnate haiN| ina bhASyakAroM ne bhagavadgItA aura upaniSadoM ke bhASya likha kara, unameM bhI apane siddhAntoM para bala diyA hai| isa matabheda meM sUtroM aura adhikaraNoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM tathA zabdoM ke artha ke viSaya meM bhI matabheda vyakta hue haiN| 168 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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5 "zAMkaramata" vedAnta mata ke pramukha siddhAnta haiM (1) jIva aura brahma ke advaita jJAna se hI mokSa lAbha hotA hai| (2) yathArthajJAna prApti ke sAdhana (yA pramANa) chaha haiM:- pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, AptavAkya, arthApatti aura anuplbdhi| (3) brahmavicAra kA AraMbha karane se pahale jijJAsu ko "sAdhana catuSTaya" se sampanna honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| sAdhana catuSTayaH- (1) nityAnityavastuviveka, (2) aihika evaM pAralaukika viSayabhogoM ke prati prakhara vairAgya, (3) sAdhana SaTka arthAta zama, dama, uparati, titikSA, samAdhAna aura zraddhA ye chaha prakAra kI sAdhanAeM, aura (4) mumukSutvo ina sabhI sAdhanoM ko milA kara "sAdhanacatuSTaya' kahate haiN| jo isa meM pUrNatva pAtA hai vahI vedAnta ke pAramArthika jJAna kA "adhikArI" hotA hai| adhikArI jijJAsu ko bhI vedAnta siddhAntoM kA jJAna tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba vaha, "zAbde pare ca niSNAtaH" (arthAt vedAnta granthoM ke adhyayana meM pravINa evaM AdhyAtmika anubhava se sampanna) zreSTha yogyatA ke guru ke caraNoM meM "dIptazirAH jalarAzimiva-arthAt Aga se jalA huA yA atyaMta tRSArta manuSya jalAzaya kI aura jisa vyAkulatA se jAtA hai, usa vyAkulatA se zaraNa jAkara zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana dvArA jJAna grahaNa karatA hai| adhyAropa : jisa prakAra aMdhere meM rajju para sarpa kA yA prakAza meM zuktikA para cAMdI kA AbhAsa hotA hai, usI prakAra saccidAnanda svarUpa brahmavastu para ajJAna ke kAraNa jagadpI avastu kA AbhAsa hotA hai| vedAntiyoM ke rajju-sarpa dRSTAnta meM aura zuktikA rajata-dRSTAnta meM, rajju evaM zuktikA "vastu" hai aura una para bhAsamAna hone vAle sarpa evaM cAMdI "avastu" hai| vedAnta darzana meM saccidAnandarUpa brahma kA nirdeza "vastu"zabda se aura ajJAna tathA ajJAnajanya jagat kA "avastu" zabda se hotA hai| ajJAna sat nahIM aura asat bhI nhiiN| vaha sat isaliye nahIM ki satya jJAna kA udaya hone para vaha naSTa hotA hai, aura asat isalie nahIM ki, raju-zuktikA para sarpa-rajata kA AbhAsa ajJAna ke hI kAraNa hotA hai| satya vastu para asatya yA mithyA avastu (jagata) ke AbhAsa kA vahI pramukha kAraNa hai| isa prakAra ajJAna, sat evaM asat donoM prakAra kA na hone ke kAraNa vaha "anirvacanIya' (jisakA yathArtha svarUpa batAnA asaMbhava hai|) mAnA gayA hai| vedAnta siddhAnta muktAvalI meM ajJAna kI anarvicanIyatA kA siddhAnta eka sundara dRSTAnta dvArA vizada kiyA hai : "ajJAnaM jJAtumicched yo maanenaatyntmuuddhdhiiH| sa tu nUnaM tamaH pazyed dIpenottamatejasA / / arthAt- jo mUTa buddhi puruSa, kisI pramANa ke AdhAra para ajJAna ko jAnane kI icchA rakhatA hai, vaha tejasvI dIpaka ke sahAre aMdhakAra ko bhI dekha skegaa| isI anirvacanIya ajJAna ko zrI zaMkarAcArya "mAyA" kahate haiN| vedasaMhitA meM mAyA kA nirdeza ekavacanI evaM bahuvacanI donoM prakAra se huA hai| ataH vedavAkya kA nirapavAda prAmANya mAnane vAle vedAntazAstrI, ajJAna ko vRkSa ke samAna vyaSTirUpa aura vana ke samAna samaSTirUpa mAnate haiN| pratyeka jIva meM pRthak pratIta hone vAlA ajJAna vyaSTirUpa hai, aura samasta jIvamAtra meM pratIta hone vAlA sAmUhika ajJAna samaSTirUpa hai| yaha ajJAna jJAnavirodhI, triguNAtmaka, bhAvarUpa, anirvacanIya kintu svAnubhavagamya hai| usameM do prakAra kI zakti hotI hai| 1) AvaraNa zakti aura 2) vikSepa shkti| jisa prakAra alpamAtra megha ativizAla sUryamaNDala ko AcchAdita karatA hai, usI prakAra ajJAna (athavA mAyA) apanI AvaraNazakti se AtmasvarUpa ko AcchAdita karatA hai| vastutaH megha sUrya ko AcchAdita nahIM karatA, vaha draSTA kI dRSTi ko AcchAdita karatA hai| usI prakAra, tuccha ajJAna sarvavyApI paramAtmA ko AcchAdita nahIM karatA, api tu apanI AvaraNa zakti se vaha mAnava kI buddhi ko AcchAdita karatA hai| ataH meghAvaraNa ke kAraNa netroM ko jaisA sUryadarzana nahIM hotA, vaisA hI mAyA kI AvaraNa zakti ke kAraNa buddhi ko parabrahma kA Akalana nahIM hotaa| vikSepazakti : ajJAna kI AvaraNa zakti ke kAraNa rajju AcchAdita hotI hai, aura phira usI sthAna para sarpa jisa zakti ke kAraNa udbhAsita hotA hai, use vikSepa zakti kahate haiN| ajJAna kI isI zakti ke kAraNa brahma para sUkSmatama zarIra se lekara brahmANDa taka kA sArA prapaMca udbhAsita hotA hai / vedAnta kA yaha mAyA viSayaka siddhAnta dArzanika kSetra meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| ___ parabrahma hI saMsAra kA Adi kAraNa hai, yaha vedAnta kA siddhAnta hai| paraMtu kAraNa, upAdAna aura nimitta svarUpa do prakAra kA hotA hai| ghaTa kA "upAdAna kAraNa" mRtikA aura kumbhakAra Adi anya, nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| brahma ko isa prapaMca kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnane meM Apatti AtI hai| upAdAna kAraNa ke guNa usake kArya meM prakaTa hote haiN| (kAraNaguNAH kAryaguNAn Arabhante) isa sarvamAnya tattva ke anusAra cetanatva, nityatva ityAdi brahma ke nijI guNa isa prapaMca meM milane cAhiye, jaise mRttikA ke guNa ghaTa meM, yA taMtu ke guNa paTa meM milate haiN| paraMtu prapaMca kA svarUpa cetana aura nitya brahma ke viparIta (acetana aura anitya) dikhAI detA hai| ataH brahma isa prapaMca kA upAdAna kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| taitirIya upaniSad meM kahA hai ki, "tat sRSTvA tadeva anuprAvizat" (yAne sRSTi nirmANa karane pazcAt brahma usI kArya meM praviSTa huA) isa zrutivacana se brahma kA apane jagatsvarUpa kArya meM praveza kahA gayA hai| upaniSad kA yaha vacana pratyakSa anubhava ke viparIta bhI hai| nimitta kAraNa (cakra, daNDa, turI, vemA Adi) kA apane kArya, (ghaTa, paTa) meM praveza kabhI kisI ne dekhA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/169 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nhiiN| ataH brahma, jagat kA nimitta kAraNa bhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vedAnta mata ke virodhI, isa prakAra ke yuktivAdoM se vedAnta darzana ke brahmakAraNavAda kA khaMDana karate haiN| paraMtu isa prakAra virodhI yuktivAdoM kA khaNDana, vedAnta darzana meM eka sarva paricita evaM samucita dRSTAnta se kiyA gayA hai| vedAntI kahate haiM, jisa prakAra lUtA (makaDI) apane dvArA nirmita taMtujAla kA upAdAna kAraNa evaM nimitta kAraNa hotI hai, usI prakAra brahma isa sRSTi kA ubhayarupa (upAdAna aura nimitta) kAraNa hai| lUtA kI caitanya zakti usake jAla kA nimitta kAraNa, aura usakA zarIra, upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| ThIka usI prakAra ajJAnAcchAdita brahma apanI caitanyapradhAnatA kI dRSTi se sRSTi kA nimitta kAraNa aura ajJAna pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se, upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| vibhinnatA meM abhinnatA siddha karane meM vedAnta ke advaita vAda kI vizeSatA hai| mUla zuddha caitanya aura mAyAyukta caitanya (isI ko Izvara yA prAjJa kahate haiN|) inameM ApAtataH vibhinnatA hote hue bhI vedAntiyoM ne "taptAyaHpiNDa' (Aga ke kAraNa, Aga ke samAna lAlalAla dIkhane vAlA lohe kA gola) kA dRSTAnta dekara abhinnatA pratipAdana kI hai| agnikuNDa meM par3A huA lohapiDa, agni ke samAna lAla aura uSNa hote hue bhI lohe ke bhArAdi guNadharmoM ke kAraNa, vaha lohe kA golA hI mAnA jAtA hai| paraMtu usameM agni ke dAhakatva Adi guNadharma pratyakSa dIkhane ke kAraNa, vaha agnigola bhI mAnA jAtA hai| prastuta tapta lohapiMDa ke dRSTAnta se vibhinnatA meM abhinnatA spaSTa hotI hai| mAyArUpa upAdhi ke kAraNa Izvara aura mUla zuddha caitanya meM dvaita (vibhinnatA) kI pratIti hote hue bhI, mUla svarUpa meM unameM advaita (ekatA) hI hai, yaha vedAnta kA siddhAnta hai| vedAnta zAstra ke anusAra "adhikArI" puruSa ko, gurudvArA "tat tvam asi" isa "mahAvAkya" kA adhyAropa aura apavAda kI paddhati ke anusAra, yathocita upadeza hone para usake manana aura nididhyAsana ke kAraNa yathAvasara, "ahaM brahma asmi' "maiM (vaha sarva vyApI aura sarvAntaryAmI) brahma hU~" isa prakAra kI cittavRtti kA udaya hotA hai| isa cittavRtti ke kAraNa usakA AtmaviSayaka yA brahmaviSayaka ajJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| paraMtu ajJAna kA nAza hone para bhI, ajJAna ke kArya kA (isa jaDa prapaMca kA) anubhava use hogA yA nahIM, yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai| isa prazna kA uttara "kAraNe naSTa kAryam api nazyati" isa siddhAnta vAkya se diyA jAtA hai aura usakA spaSTIkaraNa, "tantudAhe paTadAhaH' arthAt tantu jalane para vastra jala jAtA hai| taMturUpa kAraNa naSTa hone para vastrarUpa kArya kA panazca nAza karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| "tattvamasi' isa mahAvAkya ke upadeza se "ahaM brahmA'smi" yaha cittavRtti udita hone para brahmaviSayaka (yA AtmaviSayaka) ajJAna naSTa hote hI usa ajJAna yA mAyA kA kArya tatkSaNa naSTa hotA hai| advaitasiddhi : "tattvamasi" mahAvAkya ke upadeza se utpanna "ahaM brahmAsmi" svarUpa akhaMDAkAra cittavRtti ajJAna evaM tajanya prapaMca kA laya karatI hai| isa vedAnta siddhAnta se eka prazna upasthita hotA hai ki sAre prapaMca kA laya hone para bhI ajJAna aura prapaMca donoM kA laya karane vAlI "ahaM brahmAsmi" yaha cittavRtti to rahatI hI hogii| isa AzaMkA kA uttara vedAntiyoM dvArA diyA gayA hai| ve kahate haiM yaha citta vRtti bhI ajJAna kA hI kArya hone ke kAraNa "tantudAhe paTadAhaH" isa dRSTAnta ke anusAra, ajJAna naSTa hote hI vilIna ho jAtI hai| Age cala kara prazna upasthita kiyA jAtA hai ki ajJAna, prapaMca aura cittavRtti meM pratibiMba caitanyAbhAsa to pRthak rahatA hI hogA? aura vaha agara pRthak rahatA hogA to zuddhAdvaita kA siddhAnta asiddha raha jAtA hai| isa AzaMkA kA prazamana karane ke liye vedAntiyoM dvArA sarva paricita dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| "darpaNAbhAve mukhapratibimbasya mukhamAtratvam' arthAt jisa prakAra darpaNa (AInA) ke abhAva meM usameM dikhAI dene vAlA mukha kA pratibimba mukha ke rUpa meM hI avaziSTa rahatA hai kiMbahunA vaha pratibimba mukharUpa hI ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra 'ahaM brahmA'smi" cittavRtti meM udabhUta caitanya kA pratibiMba, "tantudAhe paTadAhaH" nyAya ke anusAra vilIna hote samaya mUla svarUpa meM avaziSTa rahatA hai athavA caitanya svarUpa hI ho jAtA hai yaha bAta spaSTa hai| yahI siddhAnta "dIpaprabhA AdityaprabhA'vabhAsane asamarthA satI tayA abhibhUyate" isa dUsare dRSTAnta se adhika vizada kiyA jAtA hai| arthAt dIpaprabhA aura sUryaprabhA donoM svataMtra hone para bhI sUryaprabhA kA udaya hone para, dIpaprabhA apanI maMdatA ke kAraNa sUryaprabhA meM vilIna ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra "ahaM brahmA'smi' cittavRtti meM pratibiMbita caitanya kI maMdaprabhA parabrahma kI mahAprabhA meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| adhikArI ziSya ko "tatvamasi" mahAvAkya kA upadeza gurumukha se milane para usakI cittavRtti meM "ahaM brahmA'smi" bhAva jAgrata hotA hai, athavA usakI cittavRtti "ahaM brahmAsmi"- bhAvamaya hotI hai| yaha cittavRtti tatkSaNa apanA kArya arthAt jIva ke ajJAnAvaraNa kA nAza karatI hai| jisa kSaNa vaha ajJAna naSTa hotA hai usI kSaNa ajJAna-kAryasvarUpa cittavRtti bhI caitanya meM vilIna hotI hai| yaha siddhAnta vedAnta zAstra meM katakacUrNa (phiTakarI kA cUrNa) ke dRSTAnta se vizada kiyA jAtA hai| katakacUrNa malina jala meM par3ane para usakI malinatA naSTa karane kA nijI kArya pUrNa hote hI jala meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra 170/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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"ahaM brahamA'smi' cittavRtti jIva kA caitanya viSayaka ajJAna naSTa karate hI caitanya meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| vedAnta zAstra kI racanA veda saMhitA ke antima bhAga para arthAt upaniSadoM para AdhArita hai| saMskRtavAGmaya meM upaniSadoM kI kulasaMkhyA do sau se adhika hai (dekhie prishisstt)| vedAntadarzana ke pramANabhUta upaniSadoM meM Iza, kena, kaTha, prazna, muNDa, mANDUkya, taittiriya, chAMdogya, aitareya aura bRhadAraNyaka ina dasa pradhAna upaniSadoM ke atirikta zvetAzvatara, pUrva-uttara-nRsiMhatApinI aura zrImadbhagavadgItA upaniSada tathA brahmasUtra itane hI graMtha mAne gaye haiN| paraMtu upaniSadoM meM parasparavirodhI vacana milate haiN| unakA samanvaya vedAntazAstra meM kiyA gayA hai| prastRta brahmaviSayaka vivecana meM "yanmanasA na manute" aura "manasA evaM anudraSTavyam" (arthAt jisa kA mana ke dvArA manana nahIM ho sakatA aura jisakA mana se hI sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai) isa prakAra ke viruddha vacana milate haiN| ina vacanoM kA samanvaya, vRttivyApyatva kA aMgIkAra aura phalavyApyatva kA pratiSedha karate hue vedAntiyoM ne kiyA hai| vidyAraNyajI ne apanI paMcadazI (jo vedAnta zAstra kA parama pramANabhUta prakaraNa graMtha hai) meM eka laukika dRSTAnta dvArA ina virodhI vacanoM kI samasyA sulajhAI hai| "cakSurdIpAvapekSete ghaTAderdarzane ythaa| na dIpadarzane, kintu ckssurekmpekssyte||" isakA Azaya hai ki aMdhere meM ghaTa dekhane ke liye A~kha aura dIpa donoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, paraMtu kevala dIpa ko dekhane ke liye A~kha kI hI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isa prakAra caitanyaviSayaka ajJAna kA aMdhakAra naSTa karake caitanya kA sAkSAtkAra pAne ke liye "ahaM brahmA'smi" citta vRtti aura usa citta-vRtti meM pratibiMbita cidAbhAsa ina donoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isI kAraNa ajJAnarUpa aMdhakAra naSTa karane ke abhiprAya se "manasA eva idam Aptavyam" yA "manasA * va anudraSTavyam" ityAdi zrutivacana yogya haiN| isake virodhI "yanmanasA na manute" yA "yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha" 6 gAdi vacana bhI yogya haiN| prakAzamAna dIpa ko dekhane ke liye dUsare dIpa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vaha svayaM prakAzamAna hAne ke kAraNa use dekhane ke liye kevala A~kha paryApta hai| ghaTa paTAdi jaDa vastu kA jJAna aura parabrahma jaise saccidAnandasvarUpa vastu kA jJAna, inameM kA bheda prastuta "dIpa-ghaTa" dRSTAnta ke dvArA vizada kiyA hai aura sAtha hI virodhI vacanoM kA virodha parihAra karane kI paddhati bhI batAyI hai| samAdhivicAra : jJeya padArtha meM citta kI jJAnAvasthA meM jo nizcala avasthA hotI hai vahI vedAnta matAnusAra samAdhi hai| citta kI isa samAdhistha avasthA ke do bheda hote haiN| 1) savikalpa aura 2) nirviklp| savikalpa samAdhi meM jJAtA, jJeya aura jJAna isa tripuTI kA bhedajJAna rahate hue bhI "ahaM brahmA'smi" svarUpa akhaNDAkArita citta vRtti rahatI hai| vAstavika bhedajJAna ke sAtha jIvabrahma ke advaita kA bhAna rahanA yaha kalpanA vicitra sI lagatI hai paraMtu usakI saMbhAvyatA "mRnmayagavAbhimAne mRdbhAvavat" isa laukika dRSTAnta se vizada kI hai| miTTI ke hAthI, ghor3e, uMTa Adi vibhinna pratimAoM kA jJAna hote hue bhI inake nAmarUpAdi bheda mithyA haiM, aura miTTI hI satya hai, yaha jJAna ho sakatA hai| usI prakAra savikalpa samAdhi kI avasthA meM jJAtA, jJeya aura jJAna isa tripuTI kI bhinnatA kA jJAna hote hue bhI, brahma kI sarvavyApakatA kA anubhava hotA hai| "vibhinnatA meM abhinnatA" yaha kevala kalpanA-vilAsa nhiiN| vaha eka anubhUti kA viSaya hai, yaha vedAnta kA siddhAnta hai| nirvikalpa samAdhi kI kalpanA vizada karane ke lie "jalAkArAkAritalavaNasya jalamAtrAvabhAsaH" yaha dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| namaka pAnI meM vilIna hone para pAnI aura namaka donoM kA pRthak jJAna nahIM hotaa| namaka pAnI meM hI hone para bhI kevala pAnI hI dIkhatA hai| usI prakAra nirvikalpa samAdhi kI avasthA cittavRtti ko prApta hone para jJAtA, jJeya Adi bhedabhAva lupta ho jAte haiN| pAnI meM vilIna namaka ke samAna cittavRtti isa avarasthA meM brahma se ekarUpa hotI hai| isI "jalalavaNa dRSTAnta" ke AdhAra se nirvikalpa samAdhi aura tatsadRza suSupti avasthA meM bheda dikhAyA jAtA hai| suSuti (gADhanidrA) aura nirvikalpa samAdhi ina donoM avasthAoM meM cittavRtti kA bhAna nahIM rhtaa| paraMtu kevala usI ekamAtra kAraNa se donoM avasthAoM meM tulyatA nahIM mAnI jaatii| lavaNayukta jala aura lavaNahIna jala dikhane me samAna hone hue bhI unameM bheda hotA hai| ina do jaloM meM jitanI bhinnatA hotI hai utanI hI suSupti aura nivikalpa samAdhi meM bhI hotI hai| nivikalpa samAdhi meM cittavRtti bhAsamAna nahI hotI, paraMtu usakA abhAva nahIM hotaa| suSupti avasthA meM cittavRtti bhAsamAna na hone ke kAraNa usakA abhAva hI hotA hai| "nirvikalpa samAdhi" vedAnta ke anusAra sAdhakoM kA parama prAptavya hai, paraMtu usake mArga meM "adhikArI" sAdhaka ko bhI, laya, vikSepa, kaSAya aura rasAsvAda ina cAra vighnoM se sAmanA karanA paDatA hai| ina vighnoM ko parAsta karane para hI sAdhaka nirvikalpa samAdhi kA divya anubhava pA sakatA hai| isa avasthA meM citta ko, "nivAtastha dIpa" ke samAna avicalatA Ane ke kAraNa, sAdhaka akhaMDa caitanya kA anubhava pAtA hai, aisA gauDapAdAcArya kahate haiN| jIvanmuktAvasthA : uparinirdiSTa nirvikalpa samAdhi ke satata abhyAsa se sAdhaka ko "jIvanmukta" avasthA prApta hotI hai| "bhidyate hRdayagranthiH chidyante srvsNshyaaH| kSIyante cAsya karmANi tasmin dRSTe praavre||" saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 171 For Private and Personal Use Only

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isa muNDakopaniSad ke maMtra meM jIvanmukta avasthA kA varNana kiyA hai| nirvikalpa samAdhi meM brahma aura AtmA kI ekatA kA sAkSAtkAra hone para akhilabandharahita brahmaniSTha puruSa laukika vyavahAra kisa prakAra karatA hai yA unakA kisa prakAra anubhava pAtA hai? sAmAnya ajJAnI puruSa aura zrIzaMkarAcAryAdi jIvanmukta inake laukika vyavahAra meM jo bheda hotA hai, usakA svarUpa "yathA indrajAlam iti jJAnavAn tad indrajAlaM pazyan api paramArtham idam iti na pazyati" isa indrajAla dRSTAnta se spaSTa kiyA hai| ThIka samajha ke sAtha jAdUgara kA khela dekhane vAle suzikSita manuSya ke samakSa, jAdUgara ne kitanI bhI camatkRti dikhAI to bhI yaha sArI hAthacAlAkI hai, tathya nahIM yaha bAta jAna kara vaha ThIka samajhatA hai usase vicalita nahIM hotA, usI prakAra jisakA ajJAnapaTala advaita prabodha se naSTa hotA hai, usa jIvanmukta ke lie saMsAra ke sAre laukika vyavahAra indrajAlavat mithyA yA tuccha hote haiN| vedAnta, "prasthAnatrayo" (upaniSad brahmasUtra aura bhagavadgItA) rUpa Aptavacana kI mImAMsAdvArA niSpanna huA zAstra hai, paraMtu usake siddhAnta AptavacanoM kI kevala zAbdika mImAMsA se hI prakaTa nahIM hote| usa zAstra ke pravartaka yaha pratijJApUrvaka kahate haiM ki ve svAnubhRti dvArA bhI jJAta ho sakate haiN| rasAyanAdi bhautika zAstroM ke siddhAntoM kA prAmANya prayoga dvArA bhI siddha hotA hai, usI prakAra vedAnta zAstra ke siddhAntoM kA jJAna zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana dvArA avagata hone para yama, (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha) niyama, (zodha, saMtoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya, IzvarapraNidhAna), dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi ina yogazAstrokta aSTAMga yogasAdhanA ko satata sAdhanA se, unakA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAtA hai| aise anubhavasaMpanna vedAntI bhArata meM prAcIna kAla hue aura Aja vidyamAna haiM jinhoMne "sarva khalvida brahma", "tat tvamasi", "ahaM brahmA'smi" ina mahAvAkyoM kA Azaya svAnubhava dvArA jAnA he zrIzaMkarAcArya dvArA pravartita advaita vedAnta kI sthUla rUparekhA yathAzakti subodha paddhati se yahAM batAyI hai| zaMkarAcAryajI ne apane prasthAnatrayI ke bhASyoM meM AdhyAtmika evaM tAttvika carcA meM antarbhUta hone vAle prAyaH sabhI viSayoM para adhikAra vANI se pratipAdana kiyA hai| unake pratipAdana kA bhArata ke dhArmika jIvana para kAphI prabhAva par3A hai| advaita vedAnta kI gaMbhIra carcA karane vAle saikaDoM saMskRta graMtha prAcIna kAla meM likhe gaye aura Aja bhI likhe jA rahe haiN| zrI zaMkarAcAryajI ke granthoM ke atirikta, vAcaspati mizra kA bhAmatIbhASya, citsukhAcAryakRta citsukhI, zrIharSakavikRta khaMDanakhaMDakhAdya, madhusUdana savasvatIkRta advaitasiddhi, vidyAraNyakRta paMcadazI ityAdi graMthoM kI yogyatA dArzanika vAGmaya meM nirupama hai| inake atirikta sadAnaMdakRta vedAntasAra, dharmarAjakRta vedAntaparibhASA, zaMkarAcAryakRta upadezasAhasrI, aparokSAnubhUti aura svAmI satyabodhAzramakRta vedAntaprabodha Adi subodha evaM saMkSipta graMtha zAMkaravedAnta kA adhyayana karane kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| 6 "viziSTAdvaita mata" I. 11 vIM zatAbdI meM rAmAnujAcArya ne apane brahmasUtra zrIbhASya ke dvArA viziSTAdvaita mata kA puraskAra kiyaa| isa bhASya meM bodhAyana, TaMka, dramiDa, guhadeva, kapardI, bhAruci, ityAdi svamAnukUla prAcIna AcAryoM kA ullekha rAmAnujAcArya ne kiyA hai jisase unake viziSTAdvaita mata kI prAcIna paraMparA kI kalpanA AtI hai| vedAntasAra, vedAntadIpa, gadyatraya, gItAbhASya ityAdi rAmAnujAcArya ke graMtha, rAmAnujI vaiSNava saMpradAyI vidvAnoM meM mAnyatA prApta haiN| isa paraMparA meM zrutiprakAzikA, zrutidIpikA, vedArthasaMgraha, tAtparyadIpikA upaniSadvyAkhyA ityAdi aneka graMthoM ke lekhaka sudarzana sUri (12 vIM zatI), tattvaTIkA, adhikaraNasArAvalI, nyAyasiddhAMjana, gItAtAtparyacaMdrikA, ityAdi graMthoM ke nirmAtA veMkaTanAtha (13 vIM zatI), 14 vIM zatI meM Atreya, rAmAnuja, 15 vIM zatI meM varavaramuni, 16 vIM zatI meM zrInivAsAcArya, raMgarAmAnujAcArya ityAdi AcAryoM kI paraMparA avismaraNIya hai| ___ rAmAnujAcArya ne apane siddhAnta dvArA zaMkarAcArya ke advaita mata se virodha vyakta kiyaa| zAMkaramatAnusAra : 1) "brahma satyaM jaganimathyA jIvo brahmaiva nAparaH" aura 2) karmasaMnyAsapUrvaka jJAna se hI mokSaprApti, ye siddhAnta pratipAdana hue haiN| inake kAraNa vaiSNava saMpradAya ke pracAra meM jo rukAvaTa nirmANa huI thI, use haTA kara vaiSNava mata kA puraskAra karane ke hetu viziSTAdvaita mata kI sthApanA rAmAnujAcArya ne kii| isa mata ke anusAra mAyAvAda kA khaMDana karate hue yaha pratipAdana kiyA gayA ki, cit, acit aura Izvara ina tIna tattvoM meM bhinnatA hote hue bhI, cit aura acit donoM Izvara ke zarIra hone ke kAraNa "cidacidviziSTa Izvara" eka hI hai| IzvarazarIrastha sUkSma cit-acit se, sthUla cit acit kI nirmiti hotI hai, ityAdi vicAra prasthApita kiye gaye "viziSTAdvaita' zabda kA eka abhiprAya yaha hai ki, cit-acit-rUpI zarIra se viziSTa paramAtmA kI ektaa| dUsarA abhiprAya hai ki sUkSmazarIra viziSTa paramAtmA kAraNa aura sthUla zarIra viziSTa paramAtmA kArya, ina (kAraNa tathA kArya) meM ekatva hone ke kAraNa viziSToM kA advaita hai| Izvara viSayaka premabhakti ko mahattva dene kI dRSTi se zrIrAmAnujAcArya ne apanA yaha siddhAnta pracArita kiyaa| rAmAnujamata ke anusAra sRSTi kI utpatti sthiti aura samApti karane vAlA Izvara nirdoSa, sanAtana, sarvavyApI, sarvAntaryAyI, AnaMdasvarUpa, sarvajJa evaM sarvazaktimAn hai| vaha caturvidha puruSArtha kA dAtA hone ke kAraNa, Arta, jijJAsu, arthArthI aura jJAnI 172 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhaktajana usake caraNoM meM zaraNa Ate haiN| Izvara kA vigraha divya advitIya saundarya se yukta hotA hai; aura lakSmI, bhU tathA lIlA usakI patniyA~ haiN| vaha pA~ca svarUpoM meM prakaTa hotA hai : 1) parasvarUpa isa svarUpa meM Izvara ko nArAyaNa, parabrahma yA paravAsudeva kahate haiM aura yaha vaikuNTha meM zeSarUpa paryaMka para dharmAdi aSTapAdayukta ratnasiMhAsana para zaMkha cakrAdi divyAyudhoM sahita virAjamAna hai| zrI bhUmI aura lIlA usakI sevA karatI haiN| anaMta, garuDa, vizvaksena ityAdi mukta puNyAtmA usake sahavAsa kA AnaMda pAte haiN| 2) vyUhasvarUpa : sRSTi kI utpatti Adi kArya ke nimitta parasvarUpI Izvara, vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna aura aniruddha nAmaka cAra svarUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| vAsudeva SaDguNaizvaryasampanna hai aura saMkarSaNa jJanavalasaMpanna, pradyumra aizvarya vIryasampanna tathA aniruddha zakti-teja-sampanna hai| isa prakAra prastuta caturvyUha svarUpa meM IzvarI divya guNa vibhAjita hai / 3) vibhavasvarUpa : isameM matsya, kUrma, varAha Adi IzvarI avatAroM kI gaNanA hotI hai| 4 ) antaryAmIsvarUpa : samasta prANimAtra ke aMtaraMga meM vidyamAna isI svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra yogI pAte haiM | 5) mUrtisvarUpa : nagara, grAma, gRha Adi sthAnoM meM upAsaka loga jisa dhAtu-pASANa Adi kI mUrti kI prANapratiSThA karate haiM, usa meM aprAkRta zarIra se Izvara kA nivAsa hotA hai| paramAtmA (Izvara) aura jIvAtmA (vit) donoM meM pratyakRtya vetanatva, kartRtva ityAdi guNadharma hote haiN| jIvAtmA (cit) svayaMprakAzI, nitya, aNuparimANa, agocara, agamya, niravayava, nirvikAra, AnaMdI, ajJAnI kiMtu IzvarAdhIna hai| jIvAtmA asaMkhya hote haiM aura unake vividha varga hote haiM :- 1) baddha, 2) mukta, 3) nitya / baddha jIvAtmAoM meM jo buddhipradhAna hote haiM ve 1) bubhukSu (sukhopabhogoM meM magna) aura 2 mumukSu do prakAra ke hote hai| kucha bubhukSu, alaukika bhoga prApti ke hetu yajJa, dAna, tapa Adi karma karate haiM, to anya koI bubhukSu Izvara kI upAsanA karate haiN| 1 mumukSu jIvAtmAoM meM kucha "kevalI" hone kI icchA rakhate haiM to kucha mokSa kI icchA rakhate haiN| ina mokSArthI jIvoM meM kucha vaidika karmakANDa, jJAnayoga, karmayoga dvArA, apanA adhikAra baDhAte hue aMta meM sarvAMgINa bhaktiyoga ke dvArA Izvara kI prApti karate haiM / prapatti yA ananya zaraNAgati svarUpa bhakti kA adhikAra mAnavamAtra ko hotA hai| bhaktiyoga kI sAdhanA meM pUrNatA Ane ke liye niSkAma karmayoga aura jJAnayoga ( jIva ke prakRti se pRthaktva aura IzvarAMzatva kA jJAna prApta karanA) kA sahAya Avazyaka haiN| bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga se zreSTha hai| yamaniyamAdi yogasAdhanA sahita Izvara kA akhaMDa dhyAna karanA, isI ko bhaktiyoga kahate haiN| bhaktiyoga kI sAdhanA meM sAta aMga mAne jAte hai: 1 ) pavitra AhArAdi se zarIrazuddhi 2 ) vimoka yA brahmacaryapAlana 3 ) abhyAsa ( yathAzakti paMcamahAyajJoM kA anuSThAna 4 ) kalyANa (satya, Arjava, dayA, dAna, ahiMsA ityAdi vratapAlana ) 5 ) vizvanirmAtA kA niraMtara cintana 6 ) anavasAda, ( dainyatyAga) 7) anudhdarSa (sukha duHkha meM samabhAva ) ina sAta sAdhanoM se yukta bhakti yoga kI sAdhanA se Izvara sAkSAtkAra kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| jisa sAdhaka se yaha sAdhanA nahIM ho sakatI usake liye SaDvidhA prapatti aura AcAryAbhivAna yoga kA vidhAna rAjadarzana meM kiyA hai| paDavidhA prapatti AnukUlyasya saMkalpaH pratikRtvasya srjnm| rakSiSyatIti vizvAsaH goptRtvavaraNa tathA AtmanikSepakArpaNye SavidhA zaraNAgatiH / / AcAryabhiyAna yoga kA artha hai AcArya yA guru ko zaraNa jAnA aura unhIM ke upadeza ke anusAra sAre karma karanA / isa yoga meM ziSya ke mokSa kA dAyitva AcArya apane para lete haiN| rAmAnuja mata ke anusAra aparokSa jJAna ke binA mukti nahIM milatI paraMtu yaha jJAna Izvara kI dhruvAsmRti yA akhaMDa smRti ke binA udita nahIM hotaa| vaidika karmoM kA anuSThAna isameM sahAyyaka hotA hai| ataH zaMkarAcArya jahAM kevala jJAna ko hI upAdeya mAnate haiM vahA~ rAmAnujAcArya karma- jJAnasamuccaya ko upAdeya mAnate haiM / karma ke sAtha bhakti ke udaya hone meM tattvajJAna ko ve sahakArI kAraNa mAnate haiN| isa prakAra mukti kA pradhAna kAraNa bhakti hI mAnA gayA hai| bhakti kA sarvazreSTha svarUpa prapatti arthAt ananyazaraNAgati hai| isa zaraNAgati ke liye karmoM kA anuSThAna Avazyaka hai yA nahIM isa viSaya meM rAmAnuja matAnuyAyI AcAryoM meM tIvra matabheda haiN| TaiMkalai nAmaka mata ke lokAcArya prapatti ke lie karmAnuSThAna ko Avazyaka nahIM maante| niHsahAya "mArjArakizora" (billI kA baccA) ko usakI mAtA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka paMhucAtI hai, usI prakAra bhagavAn apane prapanna zaraNAgata bhaktoM ko paramocca avasthA taka pahuMcA hI dete haiN| dUsare vaDakalai mata ke AcArya vedAntavezika "kapikizora" (baMdarI kA baccA) kA dRSTAnta dete hue bhakti sAdhanA meM karmAnuSThAna kI AvazyakatA pratipAdana karate haiM / 13 vIM zatI meM zrIkaNThAcArya ne apane brahmasUtrabhASya dvArA "zaiva viziSTAdvaita" mata kA pratipAdana kiyaa| appaya dIkSita ne zivArka maNidIpikA nAmaka mahattvapUrNa TIkA likhI hai| inakA siddhAnta rAmAnuja siddhAnta ke For Private and Personal Use Only isa bhASya para samAna hI hai / saMskRta vAGmaya koza 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antara itanA hI hai ki yahA~ Izvara zivasvarUpa mAne gaye haiM, tathA saguNa brahma hI paramArthabhUta hai aura cit acit usake prakAra haiN| ziva, mahAdeva, ugra Adi saMjJAeM isa saguNa parabrahma kI hI haiN| 7 "dvaitavAdI mAdhvamata" I. 13 vIM zatI meM karnATaka ke uDupI kSetra ke pAsa pAjaka nAmaka gA~va meM madhyageha bhaTTa (yA nArAyaNAcArya) aura vedavatI (yA vedavedI) ko eka putra huA jisakA nAma unhoMne vAsudeva rakhA thaa| zAstrAdhyayana saMpUrNa hone para vAsudeva ne uDupI ke vidvAna acyutaprekSa, (jo advaitAvAdI the) se saMnyAsa dIkSA lii| saMnyAsa Azrama meM unheM pUrNaprajJatIrtha tathA AnaMdatIrtha nAma diye gaye paraMtu ve sarvatra madhvAcArya nAma se hI prakhyAta hue| madhvAcArya ke ziSya parivAra meM padmanAbhatIrtha, naraharitIrtha, mAdhavatIrtha, akSobhyatIrtha aura trivikramatIrtha nAmaka pAMca vidvAna ziSya the| madhvAcArya ke dvArA uttarAdimaTha nAmaka pramukha maTha uDupI meM sthApita huaa| isake atirikta svAdimaTha, subrahmaNyamaTha ityAdi anya maThoM kI sthApanA ziSyoM dvArA huii| madhvAcArya ko saMpradAya meM vAyudevatA kA avatAra mAnA jAtA hai| ve dvaitavAdI yA bhedavAdI the| unake matAnusAra svataMtra aura asvataMtra ina do pramukha tattvoM meM bhagavAna viSNu svataMtra evaM sakalasadguNa sampanna haiN| anya sabhI asvataMtra haiN| bheda pAMca prakAra ke hote haiN| 1) jIva Izvara bheda 2) jaDa Izvara 3) jIva ajIva bheda 4) jIva jaDabheda aura 5) jaDa ajaDa bheda / paramAtmA aura jIva meM mokSAvasthA meM bhI abheda saMbhava nahIM, jo bhI abheda pratIta hotA hai vaha bhramamAtra hai| saccidAnaMda svarUpa paramAtmA isa sRSTi kA nimitta kAraNa hai aura vaha carAcara vastumAtra meM nivAsI hai| duHkha kA use sparza bhI nahIM hotaa| lakSmI, zrIvatsa aura aciMtya zakti paramAtmA ke vaibhava haiN| mukta jIvAtmA ko bhI usakI prApti nahIM hotii| mokSa prApti ke liye jIva ko paramAtmA kI sevA, aMkana (viSNucihnoM kA taptamudrAoM se aMkana) nAmakaraNa aura bhajana ina tIna prakAroM se karanI caahie| isa prakAra kA apanA dvaitavAdI mata pratipAdana karane ke lie madhvAcArya ne vipula graMtha saMpadA nirmANa kI : 1) gItAbhASya, 2) gItAtAtparya, 3) sUtrabhASya, 4) aNubhASya, 5) mahAbhArata-tAtparyanirNaya, 6) bhAgavata-tAtparya, 7) nakhastuti, 8) yamakabhArata, 9) dvAdazastotra, 10) taMtrasAra, 11) sadAcArasmRti, 12) yatipraNavakalpa 13) jayaMtInirNaya 14) RgbhASya, 15) praNayalakSaNa, 16) kathAlakSaNa, 17) tattvasaMsthAna, 18) tattvaviveka, 19) mAyAvAdakhaMDana, 20) upAdhikhaMDana, 21) prapaMca-mithyAtvAnumAnakhaMDana, 22) tattvodyota, 23) viSNutattvaniNarya, 24) dazopaniSadbhASya, 25) anuvyAkhyAna, 26) saMnyAsa vivaraNa, 27) kRSNAmRtamahArNava, aura 28) karmanirNaya / ina graMthoM dvArA svamata pratipAdana aura zAMkara advaita ke mAyAvAda kA khaMDana madhvAcArya ne kiyA hai| ina kI ziSyaparamparA meM bhI udbhaTa vidvAna hue jina meM jayatIrtha (14 vIM zatI), vyAsatIrtha (15 vIM zatI), raghUttamatIrtha (16 vIM zatI) vanamAlI mizra (18 vIM zatI) satyanAtha yati (17 vIM zatI) veNIdatta, pUrNAnandacakravartI Adi vidvAnoM ne mAdhva mata kA pratipAdana apane TIkAtmaka vAGmaya se kiyaa| jayatIrtha ne madhvAcArya ke sUtrabhASya para, tattvaprakAzikA aura tattvodyota, tattvaviveka, tattvasaMkhyAna, pramANalakSaNa tathA gItAbhASya ke upara anya subodha TIkAeM likhiiN| inakI pramANapaddhati (jisa para ATha TIkAeM likhI gayIM) aura vAdAvalI dvaitavAdI vAGmaya meM mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI haiN| vyAsatIrtha ke graMtha :- nyAyAmRta, tarkatANDava, tAtparyacandrikA (jayatIrtha kI tattvaprakAzikA kI TIkA) mandAramaMjarI, bhedojjIvana - aura maayaavaadkhNddn-ttiikaa| inake nyAyAmRtapara 10 vikhyAta TIkAeM likhI gyiiN| prasiddha advaitI vidvAna madhusUdana sarasvatI ne apanI advaitasiddhi meM vyAsatIrtha ke nyAyAmRta kA khaMDana kiyA hai| bAda meM dvaitavAdI rAmAcArya ne apanI taraMgiNI TIkA meM aura vijayIndratIrtha ne apane kaNTakoddhAra TIkA meM advaitasiddhi ke yuktivAdoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai| raghUttamatIrtha ke graMthaH- inhoMne madhvAcArya ke viSNutattvanirNaya para aura jayatIrtha kI tattvaprakAzikA para bhAvabodha nAmaka vyAkhyAeM likhIM. jisake kAraNa ye bhAvabodhAcArya yA bhAvabodhakAra nAma se prasiddha hue| brahmaprakAzikA madhvAcArya ke bRhadAraNyaka-bhASya kI TIkA hai| vedezabhikSu, raghUttamatIrtha ke ziSya the| inhoMne tattvodyota-paMcikA (aitareya, chAndogya, kena upaniSadoM para madhvAcArya ke bhASyoM kI TIkA) tathA pramANapaddhati (madhvakRta) para bhI inakI TIkA hai| vanamAlI mizra ke graMthaH- mAdhvamukhAlaMkAra, vedAntasiddhAntamuktAvalI (brahmasasUtroM kI ttiikaa)| satyanAtha yatiH- inhoMne appayya dIkSita ke graMtha ke khaMDana meM abhinavagadA, abhinavatarkatANDava, tathA abhinavacaMdrikA (tAtparyadIpikA kI TIkA) ityAdi dvaitamatavAdI graMthoM kI racanA kii| ina graMthoM ke atirikta veNIdattakRta bhedajayazrI tathA vedAntasiddhAntakaNTaka, pUrNAnanda cakravartIkRta tattvamuktAvalI (yA mAyAvAda-zatadUSaNI) ityAdI dvaitavAdI graMtha ullekhanIya haiN| 174 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAdhvamatAnusAra tattvavicAra daza padArthaH- dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, viziSTa, aMzI, zakti, sAdRzya aura abhaav| dravya ke 20 prakAra:- paramAtmA, lakSmI, jIva, avyAkRta AkAza, prakRti, guNajaya,mahattattva, ahaMkAra, buddhi, mana, indriya, mAtrA, bhUta, brahmANDa, avidyA, varNa, andhakAra, vAsanA, kAla aura prtibimb| guNaH- vaizeSika darzana ke 24 guNoM ke atirikta, zama, dama, kRpA, titikSA, aura saundarya Adi / karma ke tIna prakAra:- vihita, niSiddha, aura udAsIna / sAmAnya ke do prakAra:- nityAnitya tathA jAti-upAdhi bheda ke kAraNa hote haiN| vizeSaH- yaha jagat ke samasta padArthoM meM rahatA hai, ata eva ananta hai| bheda vyavahAra ke nirvAhaka padArtha ko vizeSa kahate hai| paramAtmA meM bhI vizeSa kA svIkAra hotA hai| viziSTa:- vizeSaNa se yukta padArtha zakti ke cAra prakAra:- (1) acintya, (2) Adheya, (3) sahaja aura (4) pd| ina meM acintya zakti "aghaTita-ghaTanA-paTIyasI" hotI hai aura vaha bhagavAn viSNu meM nivAsa karatI hai| dUsare ke dvArA sthApita zakti ko Adheya zakti kahate hai| sahajazakti kAryamAtra ke anukUla evaM sarvapadArthaniSThA hotI hai| pada-padArtha meM vAcaka-vAcya saMbaMdha ko padazakti kahate hai| isake do prakAra hote haiM (1) mukhyA aura (2) prmmukhyaa| paramAtmA arthAta sAkSAt viSNu ananta guNaparipUrNa haiN| ve utpatti, sthiti, saMhAra, niyamana, jJAna, AvaraNa bandha aura mokSa ina AThoM ke kartA evaM jaDa prakRti se atyanta vilakSaNa haiN| jJAna, AnaMda, Adi kalyANa guNa hI paramAtmA ke zarIra haiN| ataH zarIra hone para bhI ve nitya tathA sarvasvataMtra haiN| inake matsya-kUrmAdi avatAra svayaM paripUrNa haiN| ve paramAtmA se abhinna haiN| lakSmI:- paramAtmA kI zakti evaM divyavigrahavatI aura nAnArUpa dhAriNI unakI bhAryA hai| vaha paramAtmA se guNoM meM nyUna hai kintu deza aura kAla kI dRSTi se unake samAna vyApaka hai| jIva ke tIna prakAra:- muktiyogya, nityasaMsArI aura tamoyogya / muktiyogya jIva ke pA~ca prakAra:- deva, RSi, pita, cakravartI tathA uttama manuSya / tamoyogya jIva ke cAra prakAra:- daitya, rAkSasa, pizAca aura adhama manuSya / nityasaMsArI jIva, sukha aura duHkha kA anubhava letA huA apane karma ke anusAra UMca-nIca gati ko prApta karatA hai| vaha kabhI mukti nahIM paataa| saMsAra meM pratyeka jIva apanA vyaktitva pRthak banAe rahatA hai| vaha anya jIvoM se tathA sarvajJa paramAtmA se to sutarAM bhinna hotA hai| jIvoM kI anyonya- bhinnatA muktAvasthA meM bhI rahatI hai| mukta jIvoM ke jJAnAdi guNoM ke samAna unake AnaMda meM bhI bheda hotA hai| yaha siddhAnta mAdhvasiddhAnta kI vizeSatA hai| avyAkRta AkAzaH- nitya eka tathA vyApaka hone se yaha kAryarUpa tathA anitya bhUtAkAza se sarvathA bhinna hai| isake abhAva meM samasta jagat eka nibiDa piMDa bana jAtA hai| lakSmI isakI abhimAninI devatA hai| prakRtiH- sAkSAt yA paramparA se utpanna vizva kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| muktajIvoM ke lIlAmaya vigraha, zuddha sattva se nirmita hote haiN| zrI sattvAbhimAninI, bhU-rajobhimAninI evaM durgA tamobhimAninI devatA hai| mAdhvamatAnusAra jo paMcabheda mAne gaye haiM unake parijJAna se mukti prApta hotI hai| yaha parijJAna dvividha upAsanA se saMbhava hai: (1) saMtata zAstrAbhyAsa aura (2) dhyAna / mukti ke cAra pariNAmaH- karmakSaya, utkrAnti, arcirAdimArga aura bhog| bhogarUpA mukti ke cAra prakAra:- salokatA, samIpatA, sarUpatA aura saayujytaa| sAyujyamukti meM jIva paramAtmA meM praveza kara unhIM ke zarIra se AnaMda kA bhoga karatA hai| yahI sarvazreSTha mukti hai| 8 "dvaitAdvaitavAdI niMbArkamata" brahmasUtra meM ullikhita AcAryoM meM Azmarathya aura auDulomi bhedAbhedavAdI the| zAMkara mata kA udaya hone se pUrva bhartRprapaMca ne bhedAbheda mata kA puraskAra kiyA thaa| unake graMtha meM bAdarAyaNA pUrvakAlIna bhedAbhedavAdI AcAryoM kA nAmanirdeza kiyA hai| zaMkarAcArya ke bAda yAdavAcArya aura bhAskarAcArya nAmaka AcAryoM ne bhedAbheda mata kA yuktipUrvaka pratipAdana karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| unake prakhara yuktivAdoM kA khaMDana rAmAnujAcArya ne vedArthasaMgraha meM, udayanAcArya ne nyAyakusumAMjali meM aura vAcaspati mizra ne apane bhAmatI prasthAna meM kiyaa| ina uttara-pakSI graMthoM se bhAskarAcArya ke pratipAdana kI prabalatA dhyAna meM A sakatI hai| bhedAbhedavAda saMskRta vAGmaya koza-graMthakAra khaNDa/175 For Private and Personal Use Only

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yA dvaitAdvaitavAda) kA siddhAnta prasthAnatrayI ke AdhAra para pratipAdana karane kA kArya I. 12 vIM zatI meM niMbAkAcArya ne kiyaa| inakA vAstavika nAma thA niyamAnanda paraMtu kahA jAtA hai rAtri ke samaya niMba vRkSa para arka (sUrya) kA sAkSAt darzana hone ke kAraNa inakA nAma niMbAditya yA niMbArka pddaa| inake pradhAna graMtha haiM: (1) vedAntaparijAtasaurabha ( brahmasUtra kA saMkSipta bhASya ) (2) dazazlIkI ( bhedAbhedamata pratipAdaka dasa zlokoM kA saMgraha, jisa para haridAsa vyAsa AcArya kI mahattvapUrNa TIkA hai| (3) zrIkRSNastavarAja ( pacIsa zlokoM kA svamata pratipAdaka kAvya / isa para atyantasurama, zrutisiddhAnta-maMjarI tathA atyantakalpavallI nAmaka vistRta vyAkhyAeM prakAzita huI hai| inake atirikta niMbArkatattvaprakAza, vedAntatattvabodha, vedAnta-siddhAnta- pradIpa mAdhvamukhamardana ityAdi graMtha bhI ullekhanIya haiM 1 niMbArkAcArya ke pramukha ziSya zrInivAsAcArya ne apane guru ke vedAnta - pArijAta - saurabha para vedAntakaustubha nAmaka bhASya likhA / I. 15 vIM zatI meM kezavabhaTTa kAzmIrI ne (1) kaustubhaprabhA (vedAntakaustubhabhASya kI vyAkhyA) (2) tattvaprakAzikA (gItA kI vyAkhyA aura bhAgavata dazama skaMdha kI vedastuti kI TIkA) (3) kramadIpikA (viSaya- pUjApaddhati kA vivaraNa ) ityAdi granthoM dvArA dvaitAdvaita mata kA puraskAra kiyaa| niMbArka saMpradAya meM harivyAsa devAcArya ke ziSyottama puruSottamAcArya kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| inake graMthoM meM (1) vedAntaratnamaMjUSA ( dazazlokI kI vyAkhyA) tathA (2) zrutyantasuradruma (zrIkRSNastavarAja kI TIkA ) nAmaka do graMtha pANDitya pUrNatA ke kAraNa prasiddha haiN| kRpAcArya ke ziSya devAcArya ne brahmasUtra kI catuHsUtrAdi para siddhAntajAhnavI nAmaka utkRSTa bhASya likhA hai jisameM unhoMne puruSottamAcArya kI vedAnta-ratnamaMjUSA kA yatra-tatra ullekha kiyA hai| siddhAnta jAhnavI para sundarabhaTTa ne siddhAntasetu nAmaka TIkA likhI hai ina granthoM ke atirikta anantarAma kRta vedAnta tattvabodha puruvenamadAsa vaiSNava kRta - zrutyantakalpavallI (zrIkRSNastavarAja kI TIkA), mukundamAdhava (vaMganivAsI) kRta parapakSagirivajra (jisameM advaita mata ke khaMDana kA sazakta prayAsa huA hai / ) ityAdi graMtha bhedAbhedavAdI vAGmaya meM prasiddha haiN| niMbArka praNIta dvaitAdvaita (yA bhedAbheda) vAdI, tattvajJAna paraMparA ke anusAra 'haMsamata' mAnA jAtA hai| haMsasvarUpa nArAyaNa - sanatkumAra-nAradamuni aura niMbArka yaha isa darzana kI guruparamparA mAnI gayI hai| saMpradAya ke anusAra niMbArka bhagavAn viSNu ke sudarzana cakra ke avatAra mAne jAte haiN| | isa darzana meM prakRti, jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA tIna tattva mAne jAte haiN| jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA saMbaMdha bhedAbhedarUpa yA dvaitAdvaita-rUpa hotA hai, arthAt avasthAbheda ke kAraNa jIvAtmA paramAtmA se bhinna tathA abhinna hotA hai| jIvAtmA:- aNupramANa, jJAnasvarUpa, zarIra se saMyoga aura viyoga hone yogya, pratyeka deha meM vibhinna jJAtA, draSTA, bhoktA aura anaMta hote haiN| paramAtmA yA Izvara svataMtra hai 1 jIva ke baddha aura mukta do prakAra hote haiN| baddha jIva ke bubhukSu aura mumukSu do bheda hote haiM, usI prakAra mukta jIva ke bhI do prakAraH (1) nityamukta (jaise vizvaksena, garuDa, zrIkRSNa kI murali ityAdi) aura (2) saMcita karmo kA bhoga samApta hone para mukta / | muktAtmA meM kucha baddha jIvAtmA deva, manuSya yA tiryak yoni meM janma le kara zarIra ke prati ahaMtA mamatA rakhatA hai| Izvara se sAdRzya prApta karate haiM to anya kucha jJAnamaya svarUpa meM hI rahate haiM / prakRtiH- cetanAhIna, jaDasvarUpa mUlatattva ko prakRti kahate haiN| isake tIna bheda mAne jAte haiM: (1) prAkRta (2) aprAkRta aura (3) kAla / prAkRta meM mahata tattva meM paMca mahAbhUta aura unake samasta vikAroM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| aprAkRta ke antargata paramAtmA kA sthAna, zarIra unake alaMkAra Adi jaDaprakRti se saMbaMdha na rakhane vAle divya padArthoM kI gaNanA hotI hai| kAlatattva prAkRta aura aprAkRta tatvoM se bhinna hai, jo nitya vibhu, jaganniyaMtA aura paramAtmA ke adhIna hai| ye tInoM prakRtisvarUpa jaDatatva jIvAtmA ke samAna nitya hote haiN| paramAtmA :- Izvara, nArAyaNa, bhagavAn, kRSNa, puruSottama, vaizvAnara ityAdi purANokta nAmoM se isa tattva kA nirdeza hotA hai| yaha svabhAvataH avidyA, asmitA, rAgadveSa, aura abhiniveza ina doSoM se alipta, sarvajJa, sarvazaktimAn, kalyANaguNa-nidhAna, caturvyUhayukta, vizva ke utpatti sthiti-laya kA ekamAtra kAraNa aura jIvoM ke karmaphaloM kA pradAtA hai| yaha sarvAntaryAmI aura sarvavyApI hai| paramAtmA svayaM AnaMdamaya evaM jIvoM ke AnaMda kA kAraNa hai| vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna aura aniruddha isI paramAtmA ke aMga haiN| kevala ananya zaraNAgatoM ko paramAtmA kA anugraha prApta hotA hai| mukta dazA meM paramAtmA se ekarUpa hone para bhI jIvAtmA kI bhinnatA, prastuta bhedAbhedavAdI mata meM mAnI jAtI hai| ke nimbArka- - matAnusAra prati yA ananyazaraNAgati hI ekamAtra mukti kA sAdhana hai| prapatti ke kAraNa jIva bhagavAn anugraha kA pAtra hotA hai| isa anugraha ke kAraNa bhagavAn kI rAgAtmikI yA premamaya bhakti kA udaya hotA hai jisa ke prakAza se jIva samasta klezoM se mukta hotA hai / nimbArka matAnuyAyI vaiSNava saMpradAya kA pracAra vRndAvana aura baMgAla meM adhika mAtrA meM huA hai| isa saMpradAya meM zrIkRSNa 176 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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hI paramAtmA mAne gaye haiN| zrIkRSNa kI kRpA zAnta, dAsya, sakhya, vAtsalya, tathA ujjvala ina pAMca bhAvoM se yukta bhakti dvArA hotI hai| zrIrAdhA zrIkRSNa kI AhlAdinI zakti hai| rAdhA-kRSNa meM avinAbhAva saMbaMdha hai| krIDA ke nimitta eka hI brahma una do rUpoM meM prakaTa huA hai| 9 tattvasamanvaya bhAratIya darzanoM meM jIva, jagat, Izvara, paramAtmA Adi ke viSaya meM gahana tAttvika vivecana atyaMta mArmikatA se huA hai| isa vivecana meM prAcIna aneka sUtrakAroM, bhASyakAroM, TIkAkAroM ne apanI talasparzinI prajJA evaM krAntadarzinI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| isa vizva kA gUDha rahasya tattvajijJAsuoM ke lie apane apane darzanoM dvArA udghATita karane kA jo prayAsa unhoMne kiyA, usameM eka vizeSa bAta dhyAna meM AtI hai ki tattvoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM anyAya darzanoM meM ekamata nahIM hai| isa mata-vaividhya ke kAraNa sAmAnya jijJAsu ke sandeha kA nirAsa nahIM hotA aura usakI jijJAsA kAyama rahatI hai yA usakI zraddhA vicalita sI hotI hai| upaniSadoM ke vAkyoM meM jahAM paraspara virodha sA pratIta huA vahAM unakA samanvaya dArzanika bhASyakAroM ne mArmika upapatti evaM samucita upalabdhi ke dvArA karate hue jijJAsuoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hai, paraMtu anyAnya dArzanikoM ke tattvakathana meM jo matabheda nirmANa huA, usakA samAdhAna hue binA tattvajijJAsu kI jijJAsA zAMta nahIM ho sktii| zrImadbhAgavata (skandha-11 adhyAya-22) meM vahI jijJAsA udhvavajI ne bhagavAn ke samakSa vyakta kI hai aura usa mArmika jijJAsA kA prazamana samasta dArzanikoM ke dArzanika bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne yathocita yuktivAda se kiyA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM ukta samasyA kA upasaMhAra karane hetu zrImadbhAgavata ke usI adhyAya kA sArAMza uddhRta karanA hama ucita samajhate haiN| uddhava aura zrIkRSNa ke usa saMvAda meM isa matabheda kA samucita samanvaya hone ke kAraNa jijJAsuoM kA yathocita samAdhAna hogA yaha AzA hai| uddhava jI kahate hai, "hai prbho| vizvezvara / " Apane (19 veM adhyAya meM) tattvoM kI saMkhyA, nau, gyAraha, pAMca aura tIna arthAt kula milA kara aTThAIsa batAyI hai| kintu kucha loga chabbIsa, koI paccIsa, koI satraha, koI solaha, koI teraha, koI gyAraha, koI nau, koI sAta, koI chaha, koI cAra; isa prakAra RSimuni bhinna bhinna saMkhyAeM batAte haiN| ve itanI bhinna saMkhyAeM kisa abhiprAya se batalAte haiM? uddhavajI kI isa mArmika jijJAsA kA prazamana karate hue zrIkRSNa bhagavAn kahate haiM : "uddhavajI! isa viSaya meM vedajJa brAhmaNoM ne jo kucha kahA hai, vaha sabhI ThIka hai; kyoMki sabhI tattva saba meM antarbhUta haiM" jaisA tuma kahate ho vaha ThIka nahIM hai, jo mai kahatA hUM vahI yathArtha hai "isa prakAra jagat ke kAraNa ke saMbaMdha meM vivAda hotA hai| isa kA kAraNa ve apanI apanI manovRtti para hI Agraha kara baiThate haiN| vastutaH tattvoM kA eka-dUsare meM anupraveza hai, isa liye, vaktA tattvoM kI jitanI saMkhyA batalAnA cAhatA hai, usake anusAra kAraNa ko kArya meM athavA kArya ko kAraNa meM milA kara apanI icchita saMkhyA siddha kara letA hai| aisA dekhA jAtA hai ki eka hI tattva meM bahuta se dUsare tattvoM kA antarbhAva ho gayA hai| isakA koI bandhana nahIM hai ki kisakA kisa meM antarbhAva ho| isI liye vAdI-prativAdiyoM meM se jisa kI vANI ne, jisa kArya ko jisa kAraNa meM, athavA jisa kAraNa ko jisa kArya meM antarbhUta karake tattvoM kI jitanI saMkhyA svIkAra kI hai, vaha hama nizcaya hI svIkAra karate hai kyoM ki unakA vaha upapAdana yuktisaMgata hI hai| uddhavajI! jina logoM ne chabbIsa saMkhyA svIkAra kI hai, ve aisA kahate haiM ki prakRti ke kArya-kAraNa rUpa cautIsa tattva, paccIsavAM puruSa aura chabbIsavAM Izvara mAnanA caahie| puruSa (yA jIva) anAdi kAla se avidyAgrasta hone ke kAraNa apane Apa ko nahIM jAna sktaa| use AtmajJAna karAne ke liye kisI anya sarvajJa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai isaliye chabbIsaveM Izvara tattva ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| paccIsa tattva mAnane vAle kahate haiM ki isa zarIra meM jIva aura Izvara kA aNumAtra bhI aMtara yA bheda nahIM hai, isaliye unameM bheda kI kalpanA vyartha hai| rahI jJAna kI bAta! vaha to sattvAtmikI prakRti kA guNa hai, AtmA kA nhiiN| isa prasaMga meM sattvaguNa hI jJAna hai, rajoguNa hI karma hai aura tamoguNa hI ajJAna kahA gayA hai| aura guNoM meM kSobha utpanna karane vAlA kAla svarUpa Izvara hai aura sUtra arthAt mahattattva hI svabhAva hai| isa liye paccIsa aura chabbIsa tattvoM kI donoM hI saMkhyA yuktisaMgata hai| tattvoM kI saMkhyA aThThAIsa mAnane vAle, sattva, raja, aura tama-tIna guNoM ko mUla prakRti se alaga mAnate haiN| (unakI utpatti aura pralaya ko dekhate hue vaisA mAnanA bhI cAhiye) ina tInoM ke atirikta, puruSa, prakRti, mahat, ahaMkAra, aura paMcabhUtaye nau tattva, pAMca jJAnendriyAM, pAMca karmendriyAM, mana (jo ubhayendriya hai) aura zabdasparzAdi pAMca (jJAnendriyoM ke) viSaya saba milA kara aThThAIsa tattva hote haiN| inameM karmendriyoM ke pAMca karma (calanA, bolanA Adi) nahIM milAe jAte kyoM ki ve karmendriya svarUpa hI mAne jAte haiN| jo loka tattvoM kI saMkhyA satraha batalAte haiM ve isa prakAra tattvoM kI gaNanA karate haiM- pAMca bhUta, pAMca tanmAtrAeM, pAMca saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/177 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jJAnendriyAM, eka mana aura eka aatmaa| jo loga tattvoM kI saMkhyA solaha batalAte haiM, ve AtmA meM mana kA samAveza kara lete haiN| jo loga teraha tatva mAnate haiM, ve AkAzAdi pAMca bhUta, zrotrAdi pAMca jJAnendriyAM, eka mana, eka jIvAtmA aura eka paramAtmA mAnate haiN| gyAraha tattva mAnane vAle pAMca bhUta, pAMca jJAnendriyAM aura eka AtmA kA astitva svIkAra karate haiN| nau tattva mAnane vAle, pAMca bhUta, aura mana, buddhi, ahaMkAra - ye ATha prakRtiyAM aura navAM puruSa - inhIM ko mAnate haiN| jo loga tattvoM kI saMkhyA sAta svIkAra karate haiM, unake vicAra se pAMca bhUta, chaThA jIva, aura sAtavAM paramAtmA- (jo sAkSI jIva aura sAkSya jagat donoM kA adhiSThAna hai) ye hI tattva haiN| deha, indriya aura prANa Adi kI utpatti paMcabhUtoM se hI huI hai, isa liye ve unheM alaga nahIM ginte| jo loga kevala chaha tattva svIkAra karate haiM, ve pAMca bhUta aura paramapuruSa paramAtmA ko hI mAnate haiN| vaha paramAtmA apane banAye hue paMcabhUtoM se yukta hokara deha Adi kI sRSTi karatA hai aura unameM jIva rUpa se praveza karatA hai| (isa mata ke anusAra jIva kA paramAtmA meM aura zarIra Adi kA paMcabhUtoM meM samAveza hotA hai| jo loga cAra hI tattva svIkAra karate haiM, ve AtmA se teja, jala, aura pRthvI kI utpatti aura jagat meM jitane padArtha haiM saba inhIM se utpanna mAnate haiN| sRSTi ke mUla tattvoM ke saMbaMdha meM dArzanikoM ne jo matabheda vyakta kiye haiM, usI prakAra ke matabheda zrImadbhAgavata ke nirmAtA ke samaya meM bhI the| bhAgavatakAra ne uddhava-kRSNa saMvAda ke dvArA una matabhedoM kA samAdhAna sAkSAt zrIkRSNa ke udgAroM se jisa paddhati se kiyA usI paddhati se anyAnya darzanoM ke tattvaviSayaka matabhedoM kA samAdhAna honA asaMbhava nhiiN| "buddheH phalam anAgrahaH" isa subhASita ke anusAra sAmpradAyikatA ke Agraha yA durAgraha kA tyAga karane vAle apanA aura dUsaroM kA samAdhAna kara sakate haiN| samAdhAna kI yaha paddhati bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne batAI hai| 10 zaivadarzana - evaM saMpradAya vedoM ke rudradevatA viSayaka sUktoM meM evaM maitrAyaNI saMhitA, zvetAzvatara upaniSad, artharvaziras upaniSada, skaMdapurANa, liMgapurANa Adi zaiva purANoM meM rudra tathA zivasvarUpa meM paramAtmA kI stuti huI hai| vaidika sUktoM meM jisa rudra kA varNana huA hai usa devatA ke vAstava svarUpa ke viSaya meM Adhunika yUropIya evaM bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne zodhapatrikAoM dvArA yatra tatra carcA kI hai, jisa meM vaidika rudra yAne himAgirI, agni, sUrya, vyAdhatArA athavA manastattva ityAdi prakAra ke mata pratipAdita hue haiN| vaidika aura paurANika vAGmaya meM rudra ke varNana meM giriza (parvata para zayana karane vAlA) girIza (parvatoM kA Iza), nIlakaMTha, vRSabhavAhana, kapardI (arthAta jaTAjUTadhArI), bhava, zarva, bhUteza, pazupati, pinAkI, kRttivAsA, kapAlabhRt, zUlI, vAmadeva, mahAdeva, trilocana, tryaMbaka, paMcamukha, caturmukha, trimukha, zmazAnavAsI, bhasmadhArI, caMdrazekhara, nIlalohita, ityAdi vividha-prakAra ke vizeSaNoM kA prayoga huA hai| zaiva sampradAyoM meM jisa zivasvarUpI paramAtmA kI upAsanA hotI hai, usakA mAhAtmya jina paurANika kathAoM meM varNana kiyA hai unameM inhIM rudra viSayaka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga sarvatra hone ke kAraNa vaidika rudra tathA purANokta ziva meM ekatA ke saMbaMdha meM saMdeha nahIM hotaa| bhagavAn ziva kI upAsanA mUrtisvarUpa kI apekSA liMgasvarUpa meM hI sarvatra hotI hai| zivaliMga kI vAstavatA ke viSaya meM bhI Adhunika vidvAnoM ne kAphI carcA kI hai| purANoM evaM mahAbhArata meM "zivaliMga" yAne umA-mahezvara ke jananendriya (yoni aura zizna) hone ke pramANa kathAoM evaM vacanoM meM milate hai| pairisa kI dharmapariSada meM gustAva oparTa nAmaka jarmana paMDita ne zaivoM kA zivaliMga puruSa ke jananedriya kA aura vaiSNavoM kA zAligrAma strI ke jananendriya kA pratIka, apane nibadha meM pratipAdana meM kahA thaa| usI pariSada meM svAmI vivekAnaMdajI ne aneka pramANa de kara zivaliMga yajJIya yUpastaMbha kA pratIka siddha kiyA thaa| zivaliMga ko bauddha "stUpa" kI pratimA mAnanevAle bhI yuktivAda rakhe jAte haiN| ___bhArata ke sabhI pradezoM meM zaivasaMpradAya tathA ziva kI upAsanA ati prAcIna kAla se vidyamAna hai| ina zaiva saMpradAyoM ke pAzupata aura Agamika nAmaka do varga hote haiN| pAzupata varga meM nakulIza, kApAlika, kAlamukha, nAtha, evaM rasezvara ityAdi prAcIna paMthoM kA aMtarbhAva hotA hai, aura Agamika varga meM kAzmIra, karnATaka aura tAmIlanADu ke zaiva saMpradAyoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| (a) pAzupata drshn| vAyu purANa ke pUrvabhAga meM "pazupati" arthAt jIva aura jagat svarUpa "pazu" ke adhipati ke mata kA ullekha 11 se 15 veM adhyAyoM meM milatA hai| isa mata ke saMsthApaka lakulI nAmaka yogI the| ataH isa darzana ko lakulIza yA nakulIza darzana kahate haiN| guNaratna ne naiyAyikoM ko zaiva aura vaizeSikoM ko "pAzupata" kahA hai| nyAyavArtika ke racayitA udyotakara ne "pAzupatAcArya" kI upAdhi se apanA paricaya diyA hai| mAdhavAcArya ke sarvadarzana saMgraha meM, rAjazekharasUri ke SaDdarzana-samuccaya meM bhI sarvajJa kI gaNi-kArikA meM isa mata kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| mahezvaracita pAzupatasUtra (kauNDinyakRta paMcArthI bhASya 178 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra * * www.kobatirth.org sahita) isa darzana kA mUlagraMtha mAnA jAtA hai| 15 vIM zatAbdI meM advaitAnanda ne apane brahmavidyAbharaNa nAmaka graMtha meM pAzupatamata kA svataMtra pratipAdana kiyA hai| pAzupata matAnusAra padArtha pAMca prakAra ke hote haiM. (1) kArya, (2) kAraNa (3) yoga, (4) vidhi aura (5) duHkhAnta :- (1) vidyA, (2) kalA aura (3) pazu jIva aura jaDa donoM kA antarbhAva kArya meM hotA hai kyoM ki donoM parataMtra hone se paramezvara ke adhIna hai| kArya tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir -- vidyA- do prakAra kI hotI hai| (1) bodha (citta) aura abodha (arthAta jIvatva kI prApti karAne vAle dharmAdharma) / kalA ke do prakAra -- (1) kAryarUpA (paMcabhUta aura unake guNa) / (2) kAraNarUpA (dasa indriyAM, mana, buddhi aura ahaMkAra) pazu (arthAt jIva ) ke do prakAra (1) sAMjana (zarIrendriya se saMbaddha) aura niraMjana (zarIrendriya virahita ) / (2) kAraNa jagat kI utpatti, sthiti, saMhAra karane vAle mahezvara yaha jJAnazakti, prabhuzakti aura anugrahazakti ke Azraya hote haiN| (3) yoga citta ke dvArA AtmA tathA Izvara kA saMyoga / isake do prakAra aura (2) kriyoparama (bhakti) (1) kriyAtmaka (japa, dhyAna Adi) - (4) vidhi - isa ke do prakAra (1) vrata aura (2) dvaar| vrata ke pAMca prakAra- bhasmasnAna, japa, pradakSiNA Adi / dvAra ke krAthana, spandana, manthana Adi prakAra hote haiN| ina vidhiyoM se mahezvara kI ArAdhanA hotI hai| (5) duHkhAnta (arthAt mokSa) ke do prakAra- (1) anAtmaka ( jisameM duHkhoM kI AtyaMtika nivRtti hotI hai / ( 2 ) sAtmaka jisameM dukzakti aura kriyAzakti kI siddhiyAM prApta hotI hai| pAzupata varga ke kApAlika aura kAlamukha saMpradAyoM meM zavabhasmasnAna, kapAlapAtrabhojana, surAkuMbha sthApana jaise vidhi adRzya siddhiprada mAne gaye haiN| rasezvara darzana meM pArada (pArA) ko zivajI kA vIrya evaM rasezvara mAnA hai| gandhaka ko pArvatI kA raja mAnA hai| ina donoM ke milane se jo bhasma siddha hotA hai usase manuSya kA zarIra yogAbhyAsa ke pAtra hotA hai jisase Atmadarzana hotA hai| ina saMpradAyoM kA samAja meM vizeSa pracAra nahIM hai| kApAlika paraMparA meM AdinAtha, anAtha, kAla, atikAlaka, karAla, vikarAla, mahAkAla, kAla bhairavanAtha, bAhuka, bhUtanAtha, vIranAtha aura zrIkaMTha nAmaka bAraha zreSTha kApAlika mAne jAte haiN| taMtrazAstra kI nirmiti inhIM ke dvArA mAnI jAtI hai| zaivoM ke nAtha saMpradAya paraMparA ke anusAra "AdinAtha" arthAt sAkSAt zivajI Adiguru mAne jAte haiN| zivajI ne pArvatI jI ko jo gUDha AdhyAtma kA upadeza diyA, usakA grahaNa matsyendranAtha ne kiyaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se matsyeMdranAtha hI isa saMpradAgha ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| inakI paramparA meM gorakSa, jAlaMdara, kAnIpha, carpaTa, bharata aura revaNa nAmaka nau "nAtha" hue| sAMpradAyika dhAraNA ke anusAra zrImadbhAgavata ke 11 veM skandha meM ullekhita kavi, hari, antarikSa, prabuddha, pippalAyana, avirhotra drumila, camasa, aura karabhAjana, ina nau siddhoM ke avatAra navanAtha mAne jAte haiN| sabhI nAthoM kI kathAeM adabhutatA se paripUrNa haiN| inake saMpradAya meM haThayogapradIpikA, gorakhabodha, jaise graMtha pramANa haiM aura maMtrataMtroM evaM siddhiyoM ke pragati vizeSa Agraha hai / nAtha paMtha meM jAtibheda nahIM mAnA jaataa| For Private and Personal Use Only Agamika vargIya zaiva saMpradAyoM meM tamilanADu ke nAyanmAra nAmaka satpuruSoM dvArA pravartita saMpradAya kA antarbhAva hotA hai / nAyanamAroM kI kula saMkhyA 63 hai jinameM appara, sundara, mANikka, vAsagara (yA vAcakara), jJAnasaMbaMdhara vizeSa prakhyAta haiN| "tevAram" nAmaka prAcIna tAmilabhASIya kAvyasaMgraha meM ina cAra nAvamAroM ke zivabhaktipUrNa kAvyoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| "tevAram" ke prati sAMpradAyikoM meM nitAMta prAmANya evaM zraddhA hai| dakSiNa bhArata ke aneka zivamaMdiroM meM evaM unake gopuroM para nAyanmAra saMtoM kI mUrtiyAM hotI haiM, jina kI loga pUjA karate haiN| I. 12 vIM zatAbdI meM meyakaNDadeva nAmaka zaivAcArya ne tAmilanADu ke isa zaivamata ko dArzanika pratiSThA, apane zivajJAnabodha nAmaka graMthadvArA prApta karA dii| isa saMpradAya ke sabhI pramANabhUta graMtha tAmilabhASI hai zaivasiddhAntoM para AdhArita yaha eka bhaktiniSTha taMtramArga hai| (A) vIrazaiva mata sAnpradAyika paraMparA ke anusAra kaliyuga meM vIrazaiva mata kI sthApanA, revaNasiddha mallasiddha, ekorAma, paMDitArAdhya aura vizvArAdhya ina pAMca AcAryo dvArA huii| ina pAMca AcAryo meM revaNasiddhAcArya 14 sau varSa jIvita the aura unhoMne zrIzaMkarAcArya jI ko "candramaulIzvara" nAmaka zivaliMga nitya upAsanA ke hetu diyA thaa| ina AcAryo dvArA sthApita zaiva maTha bhArata meM anyAnya sthAnoM meM vidyamAna hai, jahAM maTha, maThapati, sthAvara, gaNagAcArya aura dezika nAma ke pAMca upAcArya kAryabhAra samhAlate haiN| kedAranAtha, zrIzaila ujjayinI, vArANasI aura balehI ina pAMca kSetroM meM vIrazeva saMpradAya ke pramukha pITha vidyamAna haiN| vIrazaiva saMpradAya meM 63 "purAtana" (prAcIna sAdhupuruSa) aura 770 "nUtana purAtana" ( sudhAravAdI satpuruSa) pUjya mAne jAte saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 179 -

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haiN| isa saMpradAya kA svarUpa ekezvaravAdI hai jisameM brahmA, viSNu rudra (traimUrti) ke atirikta mahAziva ko paramezvara mAnA jAtA hai| vIrazaiva darzana ke anusAra sRSTi kA svarUpa dvividha hai- (1) prAkRta (brahmanirmita) aura (2) aprAkRta (zivanirmiti) / bhagavAn zivadvArA jina kA nirmANa huA ve nandI, bhaMgI, reNuka, dAruka Adi mAyAtIta hone ke kAraNa aprAkRta haiN| jJAnazakti aura kriyAzakti se yukta caitanya hI zivatattva hai jo cidacidviziSTa advaitasvarUpa hai| vIrazaiva saMpradAya ke isa prakAra ke tattvajJAna ko "saguNabrahmavAda"- kahA jA sakatA hai| padArthatraya- pazu, pAza aura pati-tIna padArtha haiN| nityamukta, AdhikArika,baddha aura kevala jaDa isa prakAra ke pazu (jIvamAtra) ke uccanIca avasthA ke anusAra bheda hote haiN| trividha dIkSA- sAdhaka ko dIkSA dene kA adhikArI usakA guru hotA hai| vIrazaiva saMpradAya meM 21 prakAra kI dIkSAeM sammata haiM jinameM vedhadIkSA, maMtradIkSA aura kriyAdIkSA pramukha mAnI jAtI haiN| caturvidha zaiva- upAsanA kI utkaTatA ke anusAra zaivoM ke cAra prakAra mAne jAte haiM:- (1) sAmAnya zaiva- jo svayaMbhU, ArSa, daiva aura mAnuSa zivaliMgo kA yadRcchayA darzana hone para pUjana karatA hai| (2) mizra zaiva- zivapaMcAyatana (ziva, aMbikA, zAligrAma, gaNapati aura sUrya) kI nitya pUjA karane vaalaa| (3) zuddha zaiva- maMtra, taMtra, mudrA, nyAsa, AvAhana, visarjana ko ThIka jAnate hue, dIkSA grahaNa kara, parahitArtha pratiSThita zivaliMgoM kI pUjA karane vaalaa| (4) vIra zaiva - dIrghavrata aura upavAsa na karate hue kevala zivaliMga kI ArAdhanA dvArA mukti prApta karane vaalaa| vIra zaiva ke tIna prakAra:- (1) sAmAnya- jo jaMgama guru aura zivaliMga ke atirikta anya devatA kI pUjA nahIM krtaa| (2) vizeSaaSTAvarNa (guru, liMga, jaMgama, vibhUti, rUdrAkSa, caraNatIrtha, prasAda aura maMtra) se sampanna, aura karmayajJAdi paMcayajJa karane vaalaa| (3) nirAbhArI vIrazaiva - varNa-Azrama kA tyAga aura sarvatra saMcAra karate hue upadeza dene vAlA yogii| vizeSa vIrazaiva ke paMcayajJa- (1) karmayajJa (nityazivArcana), (2) tapoyajJa (zarIrazoSaNa), (3) japayajJa (zivapaMcAkSara, praNava aura rudrasUkta kA japa), (4) dhyAnayajJa aura (5) jJAnayajJa - (zaivAgama kA shrvnn-mnn)| / vIrazaiva sampradAya meM zivaliMga kA nitAnta mahattva mAnA gayA hai| ataH isa sampradAya ko liMgAyata saMpradAya kahate haiN| liMgAyata loga gurudvArA prApta zivaliMga zarIrapara dhAraNa karate haiM aura liMgapUjana binA ve jala-annAdi grahaNa nahIM krte| I-11 vIM zatAbdI me basavezvara dvArA karnATaka meM vIrazaiva saMpradAya kA vizeSa pracAra huaa| basavezvara isa saMpradAya ke mahAna sudhAraka evaM pracAraka the| ina kA kAryakSetra karnATaka meM hI hone ke kAraNa kannaDa bhASA meM saMpradAyaniSTha vAGmaya prabhUta mAtrA meM nirmANa huaa| svayaM basavezvara, harIzvara (yA harihara), rAghavAMka, kereyapadmarasa, pAlakurike soma, bhImakavi, jaise lekhakoM kA sAhitya saMpradAya meM mAnyatAprApta hai| isa ke atirikta saMskRta meM zaivAgama nAmaka 28 graMtha, zivagItA, zrutisArabhASya, somanAthabhASya, reNukabhASya, zivAdvaitamaMjarI, siddhAntazikhAmaNi, vIrazaivacintAmaNi, vIramAhezvarAcArasaMgraha, vIrazaivAcArakaustubha, ityAdi graMthoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| bhagavAna vyAsa ne brahmasUtra meM zivaliMga kA hI mahattva varNana kiyA hai| yaha vicAra nIlakaNThabhASya tathA ekareNukabhASya meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa saMpradAya ke anusAra cAroM vedoM kI utpatti zaMkarajI ke niHzvasitoM se hone ke kAraNa veda tathA upaniSada, zaivapurANa vAGmaya aura vedAnukUla smRtigraMtha pramANa mAne jAte haiN| (i) kAzmIrI zaivamata zaivamata kI eka paraMparA kAzmIra meM pracalita huI jisake pravartakoM meM durvAsA, tryaMbakAditya, saMgamAditya, somAnanda ityAdi nAma ullikhita haiN| isa zaiva darzana kA udayakAla tRtIya zatI mAnA jAtA hai| somAnanda kA samaya I. 9 vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai| ina ke samasAmayika vasugupta, tathA kallaTa kA kArya bhI prastuta darzana kI paraMparA meM mahattva rakhatA hai| somAnaMda ke ziSya utpaladeva (I. 9 vIM zatI), unake ziSya lakSmaNagupta aura unake ziSya abhinavaguptAcArya (I. 10-11 vIM zatI) eka alaukika vidvAn the| I. 11 vIM zatI meM abhinavaguptAcArya ke ziSya kSemarAja ne isa mata kI sthApanA meM sahayoga diyaa| kAzmIrI zaivamata kA nirdeza prajJabhijJAdarzana, spandazAstra, SaDardhazAstra, SaGarthakramavijJAna, trikadarzana ityAdi nAmoM se hotA hai| prajJabhijJAdarzana- ajJAna kI nivRtti ke anantara, jIva ko guruvacana se jyoM hI yaha jJAna hotA hai ki maiM ziva hU~". tyoM hI use turaMta AtmasvarUpa (zivatva) kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai| "pratyabhijJA" isa pAribhASika zabda kA Azaya "so'yaM devadattaH" yAne kucha samaya pUrva jisa devadatta ko dekhA thA, vahI yaha devadatta hai, isa udAharaNa dvArA spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kI pratyabhijJA jIva ke aMtaHkaraNa meM ziva ke prati zravaNAdi sAdhana evaM guru kA upadeza ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| pratyabhijJA siddhAnta ke pratiSThApaka granthoM meM somAnanda ke ziSya utpaladevakRta Izvara-pratyabhijJAkArikA (jise sUtra kahate haiM), abhinava-guptAcAryakRta 180/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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lambI aura bRhatI nAmaka do vyAkhyAeM (jo vimarzinI nAma se vidita hai vizeSa prasiddha hai abhinavaguptakRta vyAkhyAeM svapa utpaladeva kRta vRtti tathA vivRtti TIkAoM para likhI gayI haiN| unameM vRtti adhUrI prApta hai aura vivRtti aprApta hai| ataH "sUtra " aura vimarzinI vyAkhyAeM hI isa siddhAnta ke AdhArabhUta grantha hai| abhinavagupta ke ziSya kSemarAja (I-11 vIM zatI) kRta zivasUtra vimarzinI, pratyabhijJAhRdaya evaM spandasandeha aura bhAskarakaNTha (I. 18 vIM zatI) kRta IzvarapratyabhijJATIkA ( yA bhAskarI), bhI pratyabhijJAdarzana ke Akalana ke liye upAdeya haiN| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir I spandazAstra somAnanda ke kaniSTha samasAmAyika vasugupta dvArA kAzmIrI spanda siddhAnta kI pratiSThApanA mAnI jAtI hai spandakArikA nAmaka 71 kArikAoM kI racanA vasugupta dvArA hI mAnI jAtI hai| zivasUtra ke praNayana kA zreya bhI vasugupta ko hI diyA jAtA hai| saMpradAyAnusAra mAnA jAtA hai kI bhagavAn zrIkaNTha ne svapna meM vasugupta ko Adeza diyA thA ki mahAdeva giri ke eka vizAla zilAkhaMDa para uTTaMkita zivasUtroM kA uddhAra aura pracAra kro| ina sUtroM kI saMkhyA 77 hai| vasugupta kI spandakArikA para rAjAnaka rAmakaNTha ne vivRtti nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| zivasUtra para kSemarAja ne vibharzinI TIkA likhI hai spandakArikA zivasUtroM kA saMgraha upasthita karatI hai isa tathya kA pratipAdana kSemarAja ne zivasUtra -vimArzinI meM kiyA hai| spandazAstra ke anusAra, paramezvara kI khAtaMtryazakti hI kiMcit calanAtmaka hone ke kAraNa "spanda" kahI jAtI hai| spandakArikA para bhaTTakallaTa (I. 9 vI zatI) kI spandasarvasva vRtti, utpalavaiSNava (10 oM zatI) kRta spandapradIpikA, kSemarAja (11 vIM zatI) kRta spandasandeha aura spandanirNayavRtti ullekhanIya TIkAeM haiN| I trikadarzana- kAzmIrI zaiva darzana ko prastuta saMjJA prApta hone kA kAraNa hai: siddhAtaMtra nAmakataMtra tathA mAlinItaMtra ina tIna taMtroM kA AdhAra isa mata meM para, apara aura parApara rUpa tIna "trika" mAne jAte haiN| (1) ziva, zakti tathA unakA saMghaTTa " para trika", (2) ziva, zakti tathA nara "apara trika" aura (3) parA, aparA, parAparA ye tIna adhiSThAtrI deviyAM "parApara trika" nAma se prakhyAta haiN| ina tInoM trikoM ke AdhAra para pratiSThita honA "trikadarzana" saMjJA kA kAraNa hai / SaDardhazAstra - kAzmIrI zaiva darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta ke anusAra lipi ke prathama chaha svara- a, A, i, I, u, UusI unmeSakrama kA pratinidhitva karate haiM, jisa krama se "anuttara, AnaMda, icchA, IzanA, unmeSa tathA Urmi" ina zaktiyoM kA parama ziva tattva se ullAsana hotA hai| ina meM se AnaMdazakti, IzAnazakti tathA Urmizakti kramazaH anuttara, icchA tathA unmeSa para AdhArita hotI haiM aura unhI kI kiMcit vikAsonmukha avasthAeM haiN| anuttara, icchA tathA unmeSa kramazaH cit, icchA aura jJAna kahalAtI hai| SaDardhazAsana isI tattva kI aura saMketa karatA hai| kAzmIrIya sAdhakoM meM zaivoM ke samAna kaulamArga sAdhakoM kA saMpradAya pracalita hai abhinavaguptAcArya kaulamAna the| kaula jJAnanirNaya meM paMcamakAra aura paMca pavitra kI carcA AtI hai| paMca makAra meM madya, mAMsa, maMdirA-matsya aura maithuna ina pAMcoM kI gaNanA hotI hai aura paMca pavitra meM viSaya, dhArAmUta, zukra, rakta aura majjA ina kA antarbhAva hotA hai| kaulamArga meM guptatA para vizeSa Agraha hone ke kAraNa, ina laukika zabdoM ke gUDha artha alaga prakAra ke hote haiM jaise maithuna kA artha ziva aura zakti kA samarasIkaraNa hotA hai| kaulamArgIyoM meM bhakSyAbhakSya kA koI vidhi niSedha tathA jAtibheda nahIM hotaa| kuNDalinIzakti kA udbodhana isa mArga kA uddiSTa mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka jIva, kuNDalinI aura prANazakti ke sAtha mAtA ke udara meM praviSTa hotA hai| janma hone para bhI sAmAnyataH jIva jAgRti, svapna aura suSupti avasthA meM jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| ina avasthAoM meM kuNDalinI nizceSTa rahatI hai| usakA udbodhana kaula sAdhanA se kiyA jAtA hai| isa sAdhanA meM pazu vIra evaM divya nAmaka sAdhakoM kI avasthAeM mAnI jAtI haiN| sAmAnya saMsArAsakta sAdhaka pazu avasthA meM hotA hai| vaha jaba adhika utsAha se sAdhanamArga meM pravRtta hotA hai, taba vaha "vIra" kahalAtA hai| vaha jaba AtmAnaMda kI uccatama avasthA meM jAtA hai use "divya" sAdhaka kahate hai kolajJAnanirNaya meM kaulasadbhAva, padotrika, mahatkaula, siddhAmRtakaula, matsyodara kaula ityAdi zAkhAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| saMpradAya ke anusAra yaha mArga yajJayAgAdi mArga se adhika zreyaskara mAnA jAtA hai| kaula sAdhakoM ke nitya AcAra meM trikAlika pUjA, nityajapa, tarpaNa, homa, brAhmaNabhojana isa pAMca vidhiyoM para vizeSa Agraha hotA hai| kaulamArgI, striyoM ke prati atyaMta Adara rakhate hai / " kaula zabda "kula" zabdase niSpanna hotA hai| kula zabda ke anyAnya artha mAne jAte haiM- (1) mUlAdhAracakra (2) jIva, prakRti, dik, kAla, pRthvI, Apa, teja, vAyu AkAza ina nau tattvoM kI "kula" saMjJA hai / (3) zrIcakra ke antargata trikoNa (isI ko yoni bhI kahate haiM) saubhAgyabhAskara graMtha meM kaulamArga zabda kA spaSTIkaraNa "kula zakti, akula ziva kula se akula kA arthAt zakti se ziva kA saMbaMdha hI kaula hai| kaulamata ke anusAra zivazakti meM koI bheda nahIM hai| una kA saMbaMdha agni- dhUma yA vRkSa chAyA ke samAna nitya hotA hai| = For Private and Personal Use Only itihAsa ke anusAra 12 vIM zatAbdI meM ballAlasena ne baMgAla meM kaulapaMtha kA pracAra kiyaa| 13 vIM zatI meM musalamAnI AkramakoM ke atyAcAroM se kaula paMtha kI hAni huI / una ke graMthoM kA vidhvaMsa huaa| 15 vIM zatAbdI meM devIvarabaMdhu nAmaka saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 181

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satpuruSa ne kAmarUpa meM kAmAkhyA devI kI ArAdhanA kI aura paMtha meM kucha vyavasthA nirmANa kii| kAmAkhyA Aja bhI kaulamArgiyoM kA mukhya sthAna hai| kaulAcAra kA virodhI mArga samayAcAra kahalAtA hai| zrIzaMkarAcArya samayAcAra mArgI the| isa mArga meM zrIvidyA kI upAsanA tathA aMtaraMga yoga sAdhanA ko vizeSa mahattva hotA hai / zrIzaMkarAcArya kA sauMdaryalaharI stotra, kavitva tathA tAMtrikatva kI dRSTi se eka apUrva graMtha hone ke kAraNa isa mArga meM usa stotra kA vizeSa mahattva mAnA jAtA hai| sauMdaryalaharI para 35 TIkAeM upalabdha haiM jinameM narasiMha, kaivalyAzrama, acyutAnanda, kAmezvarasUri, lakSmIdhara kI TIkAeM viziSTa mahattva rakhatI haiM / 11 zuddhAdvaitavAdI vallabhamata san 1479 meM vaizAkha vadya ekAdazI ko lakSmaNabhaTTa aura ellamA gArU ke putra vallabha kA janma huaa| kizorAvasthA meM hI yaha bAlaka sarvazAstrapAraMgata huaa| usI avasthA meM use "bAlasarasvatI" "vAkpati" ityAdi mahanIya upAdhiyA~ vidvatsabhA dvArA prApta huii| vijayanagara kI rAjasabhA meM vallabhAcArya ne zAMkaramata kA khaMDana kiyaa| bAda meM ve mathurA meM nivAsArtha rahe the, taba bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne svapna sAkSAtkAvara meM apanI upAsanA kA pracAra karane kA Adeza unheM diyaa| usI nimitta unhoneM jo sampradAya pravartita kiyA vaha "puSTimArgI sampradAya" nAma se sarvatra prasiddha hai / vallabhAcArya ne kula solaha graMthoM kI racanA kI jinameM (1) brahmasUtra para aNubhASya, ( 2 ) tattvadIpa-nibaMdha ( zrImadbhAgavata ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdaka graMtha), (3) subodhinI (zrImadbhAgavata ke 1, 2, 3 aura 10 skandhoM para TIkA), (4) bhAgavatasUkSmaTIkA, (5) pUrvamImAMsAbhASya aura siddhAnta - muktAvalI / ina granthoM dvArA vallabhAcArya kA pragADha pAMDitya vyakta huA hai| vallabhAcArya ke suputra viThThalanAtha ne isI vicAra dhArA kA pracAra apane nibaMdhaprakAza, vidvanmaNDana, zRgAMrarasamaMDana ina granthoM ke atirikta apane pitAjI ke graMthoM para TIkAeM likha kara kiyA / kRSNacaMdra ne aNubhASya para bhAvaprakAzikA nAmaka utkRSTa vyAkhyA likhii| unake upaniSaddIpikA, subodhinI-prakAza, AvaraNa, prasthAna- ratnAkara, suvarNasUkta, amRtataraMgiNI (gItA kI TIkA SoDazagraMthanivRtti Adi pAMDityapUrNa graMtha puSTimArgI (arthAt zuddhAdvaitI) sampradAya meM mAnyatAprApta haiN| kRSNacaMdra ke ziSya puruSottama ne aNubhASya para bhASyaprakAzikA nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| ina graMthoM ke atirikta giridharAcAryakRta zuddhAdvaitamArtaNDa, hariharAcAryakRta brahmavAda aura bhaktirasAsvAda, prajanAthakRta marIcikA, vAlakRSNabhaTTa (yA lAlUbhaTTa) kRta prameyaratnAlaMkAra, vijJAnabhikSukRta vijJAnAmRta, ityAdi graMtha zuddhAdvaitI vedAnta kI paraMparA meM sarvamAnya haiN| vallabhAcArya ke puSTimArgI vaiSNava sampradAya me vedAnta ke zuddhAdvaita siddhAnta ko mAnyatA hai / zuddhAdvaita tattvavicAra vallabhAcArya ke dArzanika vicAra meM brahma, mAyA se alipta ataH nitAnta zuddha hai| isI kAraNa isa mata ko "zuddha advaita" kahA gayA hai| brahma sarvadharmaviziSTa hone se usameM viruddha dharmoM kI sthiti bhI nitya evaM svAbhAvika hai| yaha saMsAra brahma kI lIlAoM kA vilAsamAtra hai, mAyAkalpita nhiiN| brahma ke tIna prakAraH ( 1 ) parabrahma (2) akSarabrahma aura (3) jagat / kAryakAraNa meM abheda hone se kAryarUpa jagat aura kAraNarUpa brahma meM bheda nahIM hai| jisa prakAra lapeTA huA kapaDA phailAne para vahI rahatA haiM, usI prakAra AvirbhAva dazA meM jagat tathA tirobhAvarUpa meM brahma eka hI hai| jagat kI sRSTi evaM saMhAra, parabrahma kI lIlAmAtra hai| isameM kartA kA koI prayAsa tathA uddezya nahIM hai / jagat kI utpatti aura upasaMhAra ke samAna anugraha yA "puSTi" bhI paramAtmA kI nityalIlA kA eka vilAsa hai| zaraNAgata bhaktoM ko sAdhananirapekSa muktipradAna karane ke lie hI bhagavAn yathAkAla avatAra grahaNa karate haiM / bhagavAn zrIkRSNa sAkSAt parabrahma haiM jinhoMne apane avirbhAva kAla meM ajAmila, aghAsura, vrajavadhU, bakI, kaMsa, zizupAla Adi anekoM ko mukti dI jo sAdhananirapekSa thii| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - sarvajJa sarvazaktimAn evaM AnaMdaghana brahma svecchA se apane guNoM ko tirohita kara, agni se sphuliMga ke samAna jIvarUpa prahaNa karatA hai| yaha jIva jJAtA, jJAnasvarUpa aNurUpa tathA nitya hai / jIva tathA jagat parabA ke pariNAma svarUpa haiM, paraMtu pariNAma hone se brahma meM kisI prakAra kA vikAra nahIM hotA / 182 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa jisa prakAra kaTaka - kuNDalAdi alaMkAra suvarNa se abhinna hote haiM usI prakAra cidaMza jIva, brahma se abhinna hai / jIva ke pramukha tIna prakAra haiM (1) zuddha (2) mukta aura (3) sNsaarii| saMsArI jIva ke do prakAra :- daiva aura Asura deva jIva ke do prakAra :- maryAdAmAgIya aura puSTimArgIya muktajIvoM meM katipata jIvamukta aura katipaya mukta hote hai| mukta avasthA meM Ananda aMza ko prakaTita kara jIva saccidAnaMda brahmasvarUpa hotA hai| - jagat ke viSaya meM vallabhAcArya "avikRta pariNAma bAda" kA svIkAra karate haiM ahA se jagat kA pariNAma hotA hai, paraMta dUdha se dahI kA pariNAma hone para, jisa prakAra dUdha meM vikAra utpanna hotA hai, usa prakAra brahma meM koI vikAra nahIM hotA ! sone se aneka alaMkAra banane para bhUla suvarNa meM koI vikAra nahIM hotA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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vallabhamatAnusAra avidyA ke pAMca parva hote haiM :- svarUpAjJAna, dehAdhyAsa, indriyAdhyAsa, prANAdhyAsa tathA antaHkaraNAdhyAsa / isI avidyA ke dvArA kalpita mamatArUpa padArtha ko vallabhAcArya "saMsAra" kahate haiM, jo IzvarecchA ke vilAsa se sadaMzataH prAdurbhUta jagadpa padArtha se sarvathA bhinna hai| saMsAra kA kAraNa avidyA hai jisakA vilaya vidyA (yA tattvajJAna) ke kAraNa hotA hai| avidyA kA laya hone para saMsAra kA bhI nAza hotA hai paraMtu jagat parabrahma kA hI AdhibhautikasvarUpa hone ke kAraNa, usa kA vinAza nahIM hotaa| vaha brahma tathA jIva ke samAna hI nitya padArtha hai| vallabhamata ke anusAra paramAtmA ke tIna prakAra hone ke kAraNa, usa kI prApti ke bhI upAya (yA mArga) tIna mAne jAte haiM :- (1) karmamArga (Adhibhautika svarUpa kI prApti ke lie) (2) jJAnamArga (AdhyAtmika - akSarabrahma kI prApti ke liye) aura (3) puSTimArga yA bhaktimArga, Adhidaivika - parabrahma kI upalabdhi ke liye) "puSTi" kA artha hai bhagavAn kA anugrh| yaha artha "poSaNaM tadanugraha" isa bhAgavatavacana se liyA gayA hai| isa puSTi ke vividha prakAra mAne gaye haiM :- (1) mahApuSTi-aisA anugraha jisa ke kAraNa saMkaTa nivAraNa hokara IzvaraprApti hotI hai| (2) asAdhAraNapuSTi- (yA viziSTa puSTi) jisa anugraha ke kAraNa Izvarabhakti udita hokara IzvaraprApti hotI hai| (3) puSTipuSTi- asAdhAraNa puSTi se utpanna bhakti kI avsthaa| isa ke cAra prakAra:- (1) pravAhapuSTibhakti (2) maryAdApuSTi bhakti, (3) puSTipuSTi bhakti aura (4) shuddhssttibhkti| ina cAroM puSTibhaktiyoM meM (1) prema (2) Asakti aura (3) vyasana avasthAoM kI anubhUti hotI hai| vyasana avasthA puSTibhakti kI sarvocca avasthA hai, jisa se mokSapadavI kI prApti hotI hai jisa ke antaraMga meM vyasana-avasthA dRDhatama hotI hai, vaha bhakta caturvidyA mukti kA tiraskAra karate hue akhaMDa bhagavatsevA meM ramamANa hotA hai| use zrIkRSNasvarUpa parabrahma se divya krIDA karane kA paramAnaMda prApta hotA hai| zuddhapuSTibhakti tathA anya bhakti bhI paramAtmA ke anugraha se hI manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM udita hotI hai| vallabhamata kA puSTi siddhAnta zrImadbhAgavata ke AdhyAtmika tattvoM para AdhArita hai| isa sampradAya meM upaniSada, bhagavadgItA aura brahmasUtra ke sAtha zrImadbhAgavata kI gaNanA hotI hai jise vallabhAcArya atyaMta zraddhA se "samAdhibhASA vyAsasya-" kahate haiN| 12 acintya-bhedAbheda vAdI-cainyamata I. 15-16 vIM zatI meM caitanya mahAprabhu kA avirbhAva vaMgadeza meM huaa| Apake dvArA kRSNabhaktiniSTha vaiSNava sampradAya kA udaya usa pradeza meM huaa| zrI rUpagosvAmI, sanAtana gosvAmI, zrI. jIvagosvAmI, vizvanAtha cakravartI, kRSNadAsa kavirAja, baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa (yA govindadAsa), ityAdi mahAnIya vidvAna bhaktoM ne caitanya mahAprabhu kA vicAra, aneka bhASya evaM prakaraNa granthoM dvArA pratiSThApita kiyaa| isa sampradAya kI kAvyAdi sAhityika racanAeM bhI siddhAntaniSTha haiN| caitanyamatAnuyAyI vAGmaya meM :- zrI rUpagosvAmIkRta dAnakelikaumudI, lalitamAdhava, tathA vidagdhamAdhava ina kRSNa-bhaktiparaka nATakoM ke atirikta, laghumAdhavAmRta, ujjvalanIlamaNi, bhaktirasAmRtasindhu ina granthoM meM bhaktirasa kA sAhityazAstrIya pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| zrI rUpagosvAmI ke jyeSTha bhrAtA sanAtana gosvAmI ne bRhadbhAgavatAmRta, vaiSNavatoSiNI (zrImadbhAgavata dazama skandha kI TIkA), tathA bhaktivilAsa meM caitanyamaya ke siddhAnta tathA AcAra kA varNana kiyA hai| sanAtana gosvAmI ne durgasaMgamanI (zrI rUpagosvAmIkRta bhaktirasAmRtasindhu kI vyAkhyA), kramasandarbha (bhAgavata kI vyAkhyA), bhAgavatasandarbha (yA SaTsaMdarbha), graMtha likhe| bhAgavatasaMdarbha para sarvasaMvAdinI nAmaka TIkA hai| "acintyabhedAbhedavAda" kA yaha zreSTha siddhAntagraMtha mAnA jAtA hai| vizvanAtha cakravartI (17 vIM zatI) ne zrImadbhAgavata para sArArthadarzinI nAmaka TIkA ke atirikta, zrIrUpagosvAmI ke ujjvalanIlamaNi para AnaMdacandrikA TIkA, tathA kavikarNapUra ke alaMkArakaustubha para TIkA likhI hai| baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa ne bhagavAn ke svapna sAkSAtkAra meM prApta Adeza ke anusAra brahmasUtra para caitanya matAnusArI bhASya likhaa| baladevajI kA dIkSAnAma govindAdAsa hone ke kAraNa, tathA unake ArAdhya deva zrIgovindajI ke Adeza ke anusAra isa bhASya kI racanA hone ke kAraNa, yaha graMtha "govindabhASya" kahalAtA hai| caitanyamata ko vedAntasampradAyoM kI mahanIya zreNI meM pratiSThApita karane kA zreya isI govindabhASya ko diyA jAtA hai| itihAsa dRSTyA yaha mata mAdhvamata se saMbaddha hai paraMtu siddhAnta dRSTyA usake dvaitavAda se bhinna hai| caitanya matAnusAra bhagavAn zrIkRSNa hI anantazakti sampanna paramatattva haiN| zakti aura zaktimAn meM bheda aura abheda donoM siddha nahIM hote| inakA saMbaMdha tarkadvArA acintya hai| isa prakAra ke pratipAdana ke kAraNa isa mata ko acintya bhedAbhedavAdI mata kahA jAtA hai| paramAtmA kI zakti ananta evaM acintya hone ke kAraNa, usa paramatattva meM ekatva aura pRthaktva, aMzitva aura aMzatva, donoM kA sahAstitva honA ayukta nahIM mAnanA caahie| paramAtmA zrIkRSNa ekatra tathA sarvatra sarvarUpa hai| usakI acintya zakti ke kAraNa vaha vibhu aura vyApaka hai| zrI, aizvarya, vIrya, yaza, jJAna, aura vairAgya ina divya SaDguNoM kI pUrNarUpa ekatA zrIkRSNa svarUpa meM huI hai| kAraNa, tathA una kAraNa, yaha graMtha " karane kA zreya saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 183 For Private and Personal Use Only

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caitanya saMpradAya ke dArzanika matAnusAra Izvara svataMtra, vibhu, caitanyadhana, sarvakartA, sarvajJa, muktidAtA evaM vijJAnasvarUpa hai| vahI isa sRSTi kA upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa hai| apanI acintya zakti ke kAraNa Izvara jagadpa se pariNata hokara bhI svarUpataH avikRta rahatA hai| jIvatattva :- cinmaya, aNupramANa, anAdi hai paraMtu vaha mAyAmohita aura IzvaraparAGmukha hai| Izvara kI kRpA se hI vaha baMdhamukta ho kara, pRthagapa se brahamAnaMda kA anubhava pAtA hai| prakRti :- nitya aura paramAtmA kI vazavartinI zakti hai| kAla :- eka parivartanazIla jaDa dravya hai jo sRSTipralaya kA nimitta kAraNa hai| karma :- Izvara kI zakti kA hI eka rUpa hai jo anAdi kintu nazvara aura jaDa hai| isa mata ke anusAra zrIkRSNasvarUpa paramAtmA hI upAsya hai jisake anyAnya rUpa batAye gaye haiM :1) svayaMrUpa :- anya kisI AzrayAdi kI apekSA na rakhane vAlA ruup| yaha rUpa anAdi evaM kAraNoM kA kAraNa hai| 2) tadekAtmarUpa :- svayaMrUpa se abhinna kintu AkRti, aMga, saMniveza, caritra Adi meM bhinnavat pratIta hotA hai| bhagavAn jaba apane svayaMrUpa se alpamAtra zakti ko prakAzita karate haiM, taba vaha svAMza rUpa kahalAtA hai| matsyAdi lIlAvatAra svAMzarUpI haiN| jina mahApuruSoM meM jJAna, zakti Adi divya kalAoM se paramAtmA AviSTa sA pratIta hotA hai, ve paramAtmA ke "AvezarUpa" kahalAte haiM, jaise zeSa, nArada, snkaadi| paramAtmA acintya-zakti-sampanna hai| una zaktiyoM meM ataraMga zakti, taTastha zakti aura bahiraMga zakti pramukha haiN| 1) aMtaraMga zakti ko hI cicchakti, yA svarUpazakti kahate haiN| yaha bhagavadrUpiNI hotI hai, aura apane sat aMza meM "sandhinI', cit aMza meM "saMvit", aura AnaMda aMza meM "hlAdinI-' hotI hai| sandhinI zakti se paramAtmA samasta deza, kAla aura dravyAdi meM vyApta hote haiN| saMvit zakti se ve jJAna pradAna karate hai, aura hlAdinI zakti se svAnanda pradAna karate haiN| 2) taTastha zakti :- jIvoM ke avirbhAva kA kAraNa hai| isI ko jIva zakti kahate haiM / yaha zakti paricchinna svabhAva evaM aNutvaviziSTa hotI hai| 3) bahiraMgazakti (yogamAyAzakti) :- isI ke kAraNa jagat kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, aura jIvoM meM avidyA rahatI hai| avidyA ke prabhAva se vaha paramAtmA ko bhUla jAtA hai| paramAtmA aura jIva kA saMbaMdha agni-sphuliMga saMbaMdha ke samAna hai| isa saMbaMdha ko jAnanA hI mukti hai| yaha jagat paramAtmA kI bahiraMga zakti kA vilAsa hone ke kAraNa satya hai| vaha AvirbhAva, tirobhAva, janma aura nAza ina vikalpoM se yukta hote hue bhI akSaya tathA nitya hai| sRSTi-pralaya hone para yaha jagat kAraNasvarUpa paramAtmA meM vidyamAna hotA hai, kevala usakI abhivyakti nahIM hotI, jaisI rAta meM koTarasthita pakSiyoM kI nahIM hotii| caitanya matAnusAra bhakti kA nitAnta mahattva mAnA gayA hai| bhakti "paMcama puruSArtha hai jo anya cAra puruSArthoM se zreSTha hai| vaha paramAtmA kI saMvid aura hlAdinI zakti se yukta hone ke kAraNa sAkSAt bhagavadrUpiNI hai| aizvarya aura mAdhurya do paramAtmA ke rUpa haiN| inameM aizvaryarUpa kI pratIti jJAna se hotI hai aura narAkRti mAdhuryarUpa kI prApti, zAMta, dAsya, sakhya, vAtsalya evaM mAdhurya ina paMcavidha bhaktiyoM ke dvArA kI jAtI hai| mAdhurya bhakti sarvazreSTha hai| isa ke tIna prakAra mAne jAte haiM :- (1) sAdhAraNI, (2) saMmajasA aura (3) smrthaa| kubjA kI bhakti sAdhAraNI, rukmiNI, jAMbavatI Adi bhAryAoM kI saMmajasA aura vrajagopikAoM kI sarvotkRSTa bhakti thI samarthA / sarvotkRSTa bhakta kevala samarthA (mAdhurya) bhakti kI hI apekSA rakhatA hai| dArzanikoM kI mukti vaha nahIM caahtaa| caitanya saMpradAya ke pravartaka caitanya mahAprabhu ne svamatapratipAdana ke lie prasthAnatrayI athavA zrImadbhAgavata para bhASyAdi graMtha nahIM likhe| ve apanI samarthA bhakti meM itane magna, evaM bhAvonmatta the ki, utkRSTa pAMDitya hote hue bhI, isa prakAra kI abhinivezayukta graMtharacanA karanA unake lie asaMbhava thaa| yaha kArya unake anuyAyI vargadvArA huaa| baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa kRta brahmasUtra kA "govindabhASya" caitanyamata kA sarvazreSTha pramANagraMtha mAnA gayA hai| baMgAlI, oDiyA, asAmiyA aura hiMdI kI bhakti pradhAna kavitA caitanyamatAnusAra bhakti rasa se vizeSa prabhAvita hai| prasthAnatrayI tathA zrImadbhAgavata para AdhArita zaMkara, rAmAnuja, madhya, vallabha aura caitanya Adi pramukha AcAryoM ne vedAnta darzana meM vividha prakAra kA tAttvika matapratipAdana kiyA, usameM jo vibhinnatA prakaTa huI, usakA saMkSepataH svarUpa isa prakAra hai:(a) pramANa (A) prameya1) mAdhvamata- pratyakSa, anumAna aura zruti / 1) madhva- paramAtmanirmita jagat 2) rAmAnuja- pratyakSa, anumAna aura zruti / 2) rAmAnuja- paramAtmazarIra-bhUta (dRzya aura adRzya) jgt| 3) vallabha- pratyakSa, anumAna, zruti aura zrImadbhAgavata / 3) vallabha- paramAtmatattva kA pariNAmabhUta jgt| 4) zaMkara- pratyakSa, anumAna, zruti aura anubhava / 4) zaMkara- mAyAmaya jagat 184/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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(i) pramAtA1) madhva- aNurUpa zrIhari kA sevaka 2) rAmAnuja- cetanAvAn aNurUpa 3) vallabha- jJAna evaM bhakti kA AzrayabhUta zrIkRSNasevaka / 4) zaMkara- antaHkaraNayukta caitny| (I) ajJAna1) madhva- paramAtmA kI nimiti para svatva kI bhAvanA / 2) rAmAnuja- viSayoM ke prati mamatvabuddhi / 3) vallabha- apane Apako svataMtra evaM sukhaduHkha kA bhoktA mAnanA / 4) zaMkara- apane Apako dehAdisvarUpa maannaa| (u) jJAna1) madhva- mai zrIhari kA sevaka hU~ yaha pratIti / 2) rAmAnuja- Izvara nitya evaM asaMkhya maMgalaguNayukta hai yaha pratIti / 3) vallabha- mai zrIkRSNa kA sevaka hU~ yaha pratIti / 4) zaMkara- "ahaM brahmA'smi-" yaha pratIti / (U) duHkha1) madhva- nAnAvidha yoniyoM meM janma pAnA / 2) rAmAnuja- nAnAvidha mAnasika piidd'aaeN| 3) vallabha- nAnAvidha yoniyoM meM janma pAnA / 4) zaMkara- asatya ko hI satya mAna kara bhogoM kA anubhv| (R) mokSa1) madhva- maraNottara uttama loka kI prApti aura divyasukhoM kI anubhUti / 2) rAmAnuja- paramAtmA kI kRpA se punarapi duHkhAnubhava na honaa| 3) vallabha- goloka kI prApti aura bhakti sukha meM bheda kI vismRti / 4) zaMkara- jIva-brahma kA advait| vedAnta darzana ke ina mahanIya AcAryoM ke dvArA viziSTa AcArapaddhati tathA vicArapraNAlI ko sthirapada karane ke lie svataMtra saMpradAyoM ke samAna ina vedAnukUla bhaktipradhAna saMpradAyoM kA mahattva hai| Aja kA samasta hiMdu samAja ina sabhI saMpradAyoM kI AcArapaddhati tathA vicArapraNAlI se prabhAvita hai| aitihAsikoM ke madhyayuga meM isI vaiSNavI vicAradhArA kA sarvatra pracAra karane vAle svanAmadhanya saMto kI mahatI paraMparA nirmANa huii| unake graMtha prAdezika bhASIya sAhitya ke ratnAlaMkAra haiN| vaiSNava saMtoM meM dakSiNabhArata (tAmilanADu) ke AlavAra saMtoM kA mahAna yogadAna hai| AlavAra zabda kA artha hai paramAtmA kI bhakti meM nimagna satpuruSa / AlavAroM meM poDagaI, bhUtacAra, peI, tirumalise, namma, madhurakavi, kulazekhara, AMDAla, perI toMDaraDippoDI, tiruppANa aura tirumaI nAmaka 12 AlavAra saMta tAmilanADu meM AvibhUrta hue| prAdezika paraMparA ke anusAra unakA samaya IsA pUrva 20 se 28 vIM zatI taka mAnA jAtA hai| Adhunika itihAsajJa I. 4 thI se 8 vIM zatI meM unakA kAryakAla mAnate hai| inameM AMDAla mahilA thI aura kucha AlavAra to zUdravarNIya bhI the, paraMtu sArA samAja unhe pUjanIya mAnatA rahA hai| "prabandham" nAmaka tAmila graMtha meM ina sabhI AlavAroM ke suvicAraparipluta evaM bhAvavibhora kAvyoM kA saMgraha huA hai| tAmilanADu ke vaiSNava saMpradAya meM prabandham graMtha ko bhagavadgItA ke samAna pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai| AlavAroM kI vaiSNava vicArapraNAlI meM jAtibheda, varNabheda ityAdi mAne nahIM jaate| rAmAnujI vaiSNava saMpradAya ke "prapattivAda" (Izvara ke prati saMpUrNa zaraNAgati) kA mUla AlavAra saMtoM kI vicAradhArA meM milatA hai| svaMya rAmAnujAcArya sabhI AlavAroM ko guru mAna kara unhIM kA viSNubhakti pracAra kA kArya Age calAte rhe| dakSiNa ke zrIraMgam Adi pramukha devAlayoM meM AlavAroM kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA hotI hai| ina AlavAra saMtoM meM nammaAlavAra kI vizeSa khyAti hai| ve bAlyAvasthA meM aMdha ho gae the| paramAtmA kI kRpA se dRSTi lAbha hone para unhoMne viSNubhaktipara kAvyoM kI racanA AraMbha kii| unake ziSya madhura kavi ne ve sArI bhakti racanAeM tADapatra para likhakara saMrakSita kii| nammAlavAra ke dehAMta ke bAda pAMDy rAjA kI paMDitasabhA meM vaha kAvyasaMgraha madhukarakavi ne prakAzita kiyaa| "tiruvoyamolI" nAma se yaha eka sahasra kavitAoM kA saMgraha prakhyAta hai| isa saMgraha meM vedoM kA rahasya samAyA huA mAnA jAtA hai aura use "drAviDa veda" kahate haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 185 For Private and Personal Use Only

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HHHHHHET viSNusvAmI, niMbArka, madhvAcArya aura rAmAnujAcArya ke dvArA saMsthApita sampradAyoM ke anukrama, rudrasaMpradAya, sanakAdi saMpradAya, brahmasaMpradAya aura zrIsampradAya kahate haiN| mahArASTra meM saMta jJAnezvara, ekanAtha, tukArAma aura rAmadAsa ke dvArA cAra prakAra ke vaiSNava saMpradAya pracalita hue| zrIjJAnezvara kA prakAza saMpradAya, ekanAtha kA AnaMda sampradAya, tukArAma kA caitanya saMpradAya aura rAmadAsa kA svarUpa saMpradAya kahA jAtA hai| ina cAra vaiSNava saMpradAyoM ko "vArakarI" catuSTaya kahate haiN| 11 vIM zatI meM cakradhara svAmI dvArA "mahAnubhAva" nAmaka vaiSNava saMpradAya mahArASTra ke vidarbha pradeza meM pravRtta huaa| isa saMpradAya me haMsa, dattAtreya, zrIkRSNa, prazAnta aura paMtha saMsthApaka zrIcakradhara kI upAsanA 'paMcakRSNa' nAma se hotI hai| isa dvaitavAdI saMpradAya kA pramANabhUta vAGmaya 12 vIM zatAbdI kI marAThI bhASA meM upalabdha hai| 15 vIM zatI meM nAgendramuni jaise kAryakartAoM ne mahAnubhAvI vaiSNava mata kA pracAra paMjAba, kAzmIra, aphagAnistAna jaise dUravartI pradezoM meM kiyaa| vahAM bhI sAMpradAya ke loga marAThI ko hI apanI dharmabhASA mAnate haiN| vArakarI saMpradAya kA prAraMbha 12 vIM zatAbdI meM saMta jJAnezvara se mAnA jAtA hai| jJAnezvara ke jyeSTha bhrAtA nivRttinAtha hI unake gurudeva the| nivRttinAtha ko nAtha saMpradAya ke siddha yogI gahanInAtha dvArA anugraha prApta huA thaa| nivRttinAtha kI hI preraNA se jJAnezvara ne apanI 16 varSa kI Ayu meM zrImadbhAgavadgItA para bhASya nirmANa kiyA jo "jJAnezvarI" nAmaka marAThI sAhitya kA sarvazreSTha graMtha mAnA gayA hai| vArakarI saMpradAya meM jJAnezvarI, ekanAthI bhAgavata (zrImadbhAgavata ke 11 veM skandha kI padyAtmaka savistara TIkA) aura saMta tukArAma kA "gAthA' nAmaka bhaktikAvyasaMgraha, parama pramANa mAne jAte haiN| samartha rAmadAsa kA sampradAya rAmopAsaka hai| unake dAsabodha graMtha meM jJAna, vairAgya, upAsanA aura sAmarthya (yA pravRtti mArga) kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| samartha rAmadAsa ne apane kAryakAla meM 11 hanumAnajI ke maMdira tathA 11 sau maThoM kI sthApanA karate hue, samAja meM aisI satarka saMghazakti kA nirmANa karane kA prayAsa kiyA jo chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ke svarAjya saMsthApanA ke mahAna krAMtikArya meM sahAyaka huaa| samartha rAmadAsa se zivAjI mahArAja ne anugraha prApta kiyA thaa| saMta nAmadeva, jJAnezvara ke samakAlIna the| jJAnezvara ne 22 varSa kI Ayu meM samAdhi lene ke bAda, nAmadeva mahArAja ne vArakarI paMtha kI vicAra praNAlI kA pracAra kIrtanoM dvArA sarvatra kiyaa| isa prakAra kA vaiSNavI bhakti mArga kA pracAra karane vAle mahArASTra ke vArakarI saMto meM janAbAI, bahiNAbAI, narahari sonAra, sAvatA mAlI, gorA kuMbhAra (kumhAra), cokhA mahAra, rohIdAsa cAMbhAra (camhAra), bhAnudAsa, ekanAtha, tukArAma, nilobArAya, haibatarAva ityAdi aneka satpuruSoM ke nAma mahArASTra meM prasiddha haiN| Adhunika kAla (20 vIM zatI) meM vidarbha ke mahAn dArzanika saMta prajJAcakSu zrIgulAbarAva mahArAja ne isI vArakarI saMpradAya para AdhArita "madhurAdvaita" saMpradAya kI sthApanA kii| zrI gulAbarAva mahArAja kA AdhyAtmika sAhitya saMskRta marAThI aura hiMdI bhASA meM hai| unake graMthoM kI kula saMkhyA 125 se adhika hai| zrI tukaDojI mahArAja (jo "rASTrasaMta" upAdhi se apane vaiziSTyapUrNa kArya ke kAraNa sarvatra prasiddha hue) ne apane gurudeva sevA meM maMDala dvArA isI saMtaparaMparA kA saMdeza apane ojasvI evaM prAsAdika hiMdI-marAThI bhajanoM dvArA sarvatra dete hue grAmoddhAra evaM svAvalaMbana kA vicAra mahArASTra kI sAmAnya janatA meM pracArita kiyaa| unakA grAmagItA nAmaka 41 adhyAyoM kA padya graMtha mahArASTra meM alpAvadhi meM atyaMta lokapriya huA hai| dezakAlocita samAja sudhAraka vicAroM ke kAraNa yaha grAmagItA saMta sAhitya meM apUrva hai| isa, grAmagItA ke hiMdI aura zrI. bhA. varNekara kRta saMskRta anuvAda prakAzita hue haiN| vaiSNava saMpradAyoM me 14 vIM zatAbdI ke saMta rAmAnaMda kA yogadAna atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| rAmAnaMda ne prAraMbha meM rAmAnujIya viziSTAdvaita saMpradAya kI dIkSA rAghavAnaMda se grahaNa kI thii| bAda meM unhoMne apanA svataMtra saMpradAya sthApana kiyaa| isa abhinava saMpradAya meM kabIradAsa, senA nAI, dhannA jATa, raidAsa camhAra, jaise anyAnya jAtipAti ke 12 pramukha ziSya rAmAnaMda ke anuyAyI the| vaiSNava saMpradAyoM meM jAtIya zreSTha-kaniSThatA kA vikRta bhAva panapA thaa| zrIrAmAnaMda ne bhagavadbhakti karane vAle sabhI mAnava samAna hai, ve sahabhojana bhI kara sakate hai, ityAdi samAnatA kA vicAra dRDhamUla kiyaa| bhagavadbhakti evaM saddharma ke pracAra ke lie laukika janavANI ko mahattva dene kA kArya bhI rAmAnaMdajI ne zurU kiyaa| rAdhAkRSNa kI upAsanA ke samAna, sItArAma kI yugulopAsanA bhI rAmAnaMda ne prasArita kii| rAmAnaMda ke prabhAva se uttara bhArata meM saMta sUradAsa, tulasIdAsa, mIrAbAI, ityAdi vibhUtiyoM ke dvArA kRSNabhakti tathA rAmabhakti kA sarvatra pracAra huA jisakA prabhAva Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| zrImadbhAgavata ke samAna vAlmIkIrAmAyaNa kA bhI yogadAna bhaktimArgI vicAradhArA ke sArvatrika pracAra meM sarvamAnya hai| uttara bhArata meM saMta tulasIdAsajI ke rAmacarita mAnasa ke prabhAva se anya pAdezika bhASAoM bhI rAmacaritra viSayaka hRdya graMtha zreSTha kaviyoM dvArA likhe gaye jinameM tAmila bhASIya kaMbarAmAyaNa, telagubhASIya raMganAtha rAmAyaNa aura bhAskara rAmAyaNa, kannaDa bhASIya pamparAmAyaNa, baMgalAbhASIya kRttivAsA kRta rAmAyaNa, malayAlam bhASIya ejyutaccanakRta adhyAtmarAmAyaNa asamiyA meM mAdhavakandalI kRta rAmAyaNa, uDiyA bhASIya saralAdAsa kRta vilaMkArAmAyaNa aura balarAmadAsakRta rAmAyaNa, marAThI meM ekanAtha kRta bhAvArtha rAmAyaNa, jaise zreSTha graMthoM ke kAraNa rAmopAsanAparaka vaiSNava saMpradAya kA pracura mAtrA meM pracAra huaa| ina rAmAyaNoM ke racayitA vaiSNava saMtoM meM pUjya mAne jAte haiN| 186 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAta meM vaiSNava vicAra dhArA kA pracAra rAmAnuja tathA vallabhAcArya ke saMpradAya ke dvArA zuru huaa| mIrAbAI ke kRSNabhaktimaya gItoM kI saMkhyA 250 se adhika nahIM hai| tathApi una gItoM ne rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM kRSNabhakti kA pracAra atyadhika mAtrA meM kiyaa| 15 vIM zatI meM saMta narasI mehatA kA udaya gujarAta meM huaa| narasI mehatA kI kavitA meM kRSNabhakti kA paramocca svarUpa tathA ucca koTi ke tAttvika vicAra vyakta hue, jinakA prabhAva gujarAta meM vizeSa paDA aura unake pazcAt mAlana, vastoM, premAnaMda, sAmalabhaTa, dayArAma Adi bhaktimArgI kaviyoM dvArA vaiSNava mata kA bharapUra poSaNa huaa| ina sabhI vaiSNava kaviyoM ke kavitva kA prabhAva gujarAtI sAhitya meM dikhAI detA hai| isI prakAra karnATaka meM madhvasaMpradAya kI vaiSNavI vicAradhArA kA prasAra mahAn saMta kavi evaM karnATakI saMgIta ke pitAmaha "bhakta puraMdaradAsa" (I. 15-16 vIM zatI) ke bhaktikAvyoM dvArA huaa| puraMdaradAsa kA kAvyasaMgraha, una ke guru vyAsarAyatIrtha ne "puraMdaropaniSad" nAma se sammAnita kiyA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza- graMthakAra khaNDa / 187 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa - 9 jaina-bauddha vAGmaya 1 jaina vAGmaya __ bhArata ke prAcIna dharmamatoM meM jaina (arthAt jinadvArA prasthApita) dharmamata, mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| baeNrisTara jainI, rAvajI nemicaMda zAha jaise Adhunika jaina vidvAnoM ne veda tathA zrImatadbhAgavata meM ullekhita RSabha evaM jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA ekatva pratipAdana kara, jaina dharmamata ko veda ke samakAlIna mAnA hai| anya matAnusAra mahAvIra pUrva (teIsaveM) tIrthaMkara pArzvadeva ko jaina dharmamata kA pratiSThApaka mAnA gayA hai| aMtima (24 veM) tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA udaya nizcita hI bhagavAna buddha se pahale huA thaa| prAcIna jaina dharma ko vyavasthita svarUpa dene kA zreya unhIM ko diyA jAtA hai| vAstava meM ve jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM the| mahAvIra pUrvakAlIna jaina dharma kA svarUpa nizcita kyA thA, yaha anveSaNa kA viSaya hai| kucha aitihAsika pramANoM ke AdhAra para isa dharma kA pracAra prAcIna kAla meM saMpUrNa bhArata meM aura bhAratabAhya dezoM meM bhI huA thA, yaha tathya siddha huA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt unake ziSya sudharmA ne mahAvIra kA kArya vyavasthita smhaalaa| vidyamAna jaina dharma ke pratiSThApakoM yA saMrakSakoM meM sudharmA kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| prAcIna kAla meM isa dharmamata kA vizeSa prasAra magadha (arthAt bihAra) pradeza meM thaa| I.pU. 310 meM (caMdragupta maurya ke kAla meM) magadha deza meM ghora akAla par3ane ke kAraNa, aneka jaina dharmI logoM ne bhadrabAhu ke netRtva meM dezatyAga kiyaa| jo loga magadha meM hI rahe unake netA the sthUlabhadra, jinhoMne sva-sAmpradAyikoM kA eka sammelana Ayojita kara, apane luptaprAya dharmagraMthoM kA suvyavasthita saMkalana tathA saMskaraNa karane kA mahAna prayAsa kiyaa| akAla ke samApta hone para vApasa lauTe hue bhadrabAhu tathA unake anuyAyI vidvAnoM ne sthUlabhadra ke usa mahAn zodhakArya ko mAnyatA nahIM dii| pariNAma yaha huA kI dharmamata meM do saMpradAya nirmANa hue- (1) bhadrabAhu kA digaMbara aura (2) sthUlabhadra kA shvetaambr| ye donoM saMpradAya Aja bhI bhArata bhara sarvatra vidyamAna haiN| Age cala kara zvetAMbara saMpradAya meM sthAnakavAsI (yA DhuMDhiyA) nAmaka upapaMtha sthApita huaa| isa upapaMtha ne dIkSAprApta yati janoM ke atirikta anya sabhI jaina strI-puruSoM ko dharmagranthoM kA svAdhyAya karane kA svAtaMtrya pradAna kiyaa| ina tIna paMthoM ke atirikta, pItAMbarI, maMdirapaMthI, sAdhupaMthI, sArAvogI, rUpanAmI samAtanadharmI ityAdi vividha upapaMtha jaina samAja meM vidyamAna haiN| I. dasavIM zatI me jaina samAja meM hue udyotana nAmaka mahAn bhaTTAraka ke ziSyoM dvArA 84 "gaccha" (arthAt guruparaMparAeM) jaina samAja meM pracalita huiiN| guccha ke pramukha AcArya ko "sUri" aura ziSya ko "gaNi" kahate hai| tapAgaccha, caMdragaccha, nAgendragaccha, kharataragaccha, caitragaccha, vRddhagaccha, rAjagaccha, sarasvatIgaccha, dharmaghoSagaccha, vimalagaccha, harSapurIya, ityAdi gacchanAma prasiddha haiN| sabhI jaina saMpradAya, jina 24 tIrthaMkaroM ko pUjya mAnate haiM, unakI nAmAvali :- RSabha, ajita, saMbhava, abhinaMdana, sumati, padmaprama, supArzva, caMdraprabha, puSpadanta, zItala, zreyAn, vAsupUjya, vimala, anaMta, dharma, zAMti, kuMthu, ara, malli, munisuvrata, nami, nemi, pArzva aura vardhamAna (mahAvIra) isa krama se prasiddha hai| ina nAmoM kA nirdeza "deva" yA "nAtha" zabdasahita hotA hai| ina meM "malli" yaha nAma strIvAcaka yA purUSavAcaka hai, isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| jaina paraMparA ke anusAra "tIrthaMkara" aneka mAne gaye haiM, kintu unake upadeza meM anekatA nahIM mAnI gii| tattat kAla meM jo bhI aMtima tIrthaMkara ho gae unhIM kA upadeza aura zAsana, jaina samAja meM AcAra tathA vicAra ke liye mAnya rahA hai| isa dRSTi se bhagavAn mahAvIra aMtima tIrthaMkara hone se, unhIM kA upadeza Aja aMtima upadeza hai, aura vahI sarvatra pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai| sarvaprathama bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diyA usakA sakalana dvAdaza aMgoM meM huaa| una kA yaha upadeza bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke upadeza ke sAmana hI thaa| usa upadeza ke Azaya ko zabdabaddha karane kA kArya gaNadhara ke dvArA huaa| ina dvAdazAMgoM ke nAma haiM:- 1) AcAraMga, 2) sUtrakRtAMga, 3) sthAnAMga, 4) samavAyAMga, 5) vyAkhyAprajJapti, 6) jJAtAdharmakathA, 7) upAsakadazA, 8) aMtakRtadazA, 9) anuttaraupapAtikadazA, 10) praznavyAkaraNa, 11) vipAkasUtra aura 12) dRssttivaad| isa aMtima aMga dRSTivAda ke prAmANya ke viSaya meM zvetAMbara-digaMbaroM meM matabheda hai| ina aMgo ke prathama saMkalana kA kArya sthUlabhadra ne pATaliputra (paTanA) meM kiyaa| ataH isa saMkalana ko "pATaliputra-vAcanA" kahate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt 609 veM varSa meM Arya skaMdila kI adhyakSatA meM saMkalana kA dvitIya kArya mathurA meM huaa| ise "mAthurI-vAcanA" kahate hai| tIsarA saMkalana kArya I. pAMcavI zatI 188 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM kAThiyAvADa ke valabhI nagarI meM huA, jisake pramukha the AcArya devrdhignni| ise "valabho-vAcanA" kahate haiN| jainAgamoM ke saMkalana kA kArya isa aMtima "valabhIvAcanA" meM saMpUrNa huaa| zvetAmbarasaMpradAya meM valabhIvAcanA ke Agama ko hI pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| digaMbara saMpradAyI, kAlaprabhAva ke kAraNa mUla AgamoM ko lupta yA naSTa mAnate haiN| zvetAMbara unheM naSTa nahIM maante| dvAdazAMgoM ke atirikta anya jainAgamoM ko "aMgabAhya" kahate haiN| aise aMgabAhya Agama pAMca vargoM meM vibhakta hai:- 1) upAMga, 2) mUlasUtra, 3) chedasUtra, 4) cUlikAsUtra, aura 5) prkiirnnk| aMgabAhya Agama aMga-AgamoM kI racanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNadharoM (arthAta pradhAna ziSyoM) ne kI hai, jaba ki upayukta aMgabAhya AgamoM kA nirmANa bhinna bhinna samaya meM anya sthaviroM dvArA huA hai| digambara (yA acelaka) paraMparA meM, AgamoM ko 1) aMgapraviSTa (arthAt AcArAMgAdi bAraha aMga) aura 2) aMgabAhya, nAmaka do prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| unake aMgabAhya AgamoM meM, nimnokta caudaha graMthoM kA samAveza hotA hai:- sAmAyika, caturviMzAtistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra, kalpAkalpika, mahAkalpika, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka aura nishiithikaa| acelakoM ko kI mAnyatA hai ki aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya nAmoM se nirdiSTa donoM prakAra ke Agama vicchinna ho gaye haiN| sacelaka (zvetAMbara) kevala bArahaveM aMga (dRSTivAda) kA hI viccheda mAnate haiN| zvetAMbarIya aMgabAhya AgamoM ke prathama varga "upAMga" meM nimna likhita bAraha graMtha samAviSTa haiM:- aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya jIvAjIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti candraprajJapti, nirayAvalika, (yA kalpikA), kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA aura vRssnnidshaa| inameM prajJApanA ke saMbaMdha me jo jAnakArI prApta hai, tadanusAra usa upAMga kI racanA zyAmArya (aparanAma-kAlakAcArya) dvArA IsApUrva dvitIya-tRtIya zatAbdI ke bIca mAnI jAtI hai| mUlasUtra aMgabAhya dUsarA Agama hai muulsuutr| ina meM, 1) uttarAdhyayana (I.pU. 2-3 zatI), 2) Avazyaka, 3) dazavaikAlika (I.pU.cauthI zatI meM, AcArya zayamabhavakRta) aura 4) piNDaniyukti (athavA oghaniyukti- jisa kI racanA AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) ne I.pU. chaThI zatI meM kI) ina cAra graMthoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| chedasUtra aMgabAhya tIsarA Agama hai "chedasUtra" jisameM, 1) dazAzrutaskaMnda, 2) bRhakalpa aura vyavahAra, ina tInoM kI racanA Arya bhadrabAhu dvArA I.pU.caturtha zatI meM huI 4) nizItha - (yaha vastutaH "AcArAMga" kI paMcama cUlikA hI hai) isake praNetA AryabhadrabAhu athavA vizAkhagaNi mahattara haiN| 5) mahAnizItha- isakA saMkalana AcArya haribhadra dvArA huA hai aura 6) jItakalpa jisake lekhaka haiM AcArya jinabhadra, samaya I. 8 vIM zatI, ina graMthoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| paMcakalpanAmaka chedasUtra anupalabdha hai| kucha vidvAna jItakalpa aura paMcakalpa meM abheda mAnate haiN| cUlikAsUtra meM 1) naMdIsUtra (devardhigaNi athavA devavAcaka kRta) aura 2) anuyogadvAra sUtra (Arya rakSita kRta) kA antarbhAva hotA hai| prakIrNaka prakIrNakoM meM nimnalikhita graMtha vizeSarUpa se mAnya haiM :- catuHzaraNa, AturapratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparIkSA, tandulavaicArika, saMstAraka, gacchAcAra, gaNividyA, devendrastava aura mrnnsmaadhi| inameM se catuHzaraNa tathA bhaktaparIkSA ke racayitA haiM vIrabhadragaNi (I. 12 vIM shtii)| anya prakIrNakoM ke racayitA ke nAma Adi ke viSaya meM jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM haiN| isa prakAra saMpUrNa jainAgamoM kI saMkhyA 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUlasUtra, 10 prakIrNaka aura 2 cUlikAsUtra milAkara- 45 hotI hai| ina AgamoM meM jaina dharma viSayaka upadeza, vidhi, niSedha, tattvajJAna ityAdi kA sarvaMkaSa jJAna pratipAdita kiyA hai| ina 45 AgamoM sahita una para likhe gaye niyukti, bhASya, cUrNI aura TIkA graMthoM ko milAkara samagra Agama graMthoM ko "paMcAMgI Agama" kahA jAtA hai| ina dharmagraMthoM kI bhASA "ArSa" athavA "ardhamAgadhI" nAmaka prAkRta hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza isI bhASA meM mAnA jAtA hai| ina graMthoM ke gadya aura padya bhAgoM kI bhASA meM aMtara dikhAI detA hai| atyaMta prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kA svarUpa AcArAMga sUtra (AyAraMgasutta) sUtrakRtAMga (sUyagadAMga) aura uttarAdhyayana sUtra, (uttarajhjhayaNasutta) ina tIna Agama graMthoM meM dikhAI detA hai| dharmagraMthoM ke atirikta anya jaina vAGmaya kI bhASA bhI ardhamAgadhI athavA "jaina mahArASTrI" hI hai; kintu usa kA svarUpa dharmagraMthoM kI bhASA se sarvathA bhinna hai| jinadAsa gaNikRta cUrNI nAmaka laghu TIkA graMthoM kI bhASA saMskRta-prAkRta mizrita hai| abhayadeva, malayagiri, aura zIlAMka jaise vidvAnoM ne AgamoM para TIkAe~ likhane ke lie saMskRta bhASA kA avalaMba kiyA hai| jaina darzana kA prAraMbha I. prathama zatI se mAnA jAtA hai| karnATaka ke suprasiddha jainAcArya kuMdakuda (jaina prasthAtrayI yA nATakatrayI ke nirmAtA) ke ziSyottama umAsvAmI ne jainamata ke tAttvika vicAroM kA vyavasthita pratipAdana apane "tattvArthasUtrI' nAmaka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 189 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prasiddha saMskRta graMtha meM grathita kiyaa| bAda meM samaMtabhadra, siddhasena, (ina donoM ne jaina darzana ke "syAdvAda" kI sthApanA kI), akalaMkadeva, siddhasena divAkara, vidyAnaMda, vAdirAjasUri, haribhadrasUri, hemacaMdra, malliSeNa, guNaratna, yazovijaya, jJAnacaMdra ityAdi svanAmadhanya jainAcAryoM ne, saMskRta bhASA meM apane darzana ke aMgopAMgoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| isake atirikta mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya, campU, stotra, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, sAhityazAstra, yogavidyA ityAdi viSayoM para pratibhAzAlI jaina vidvAnoM ne paryAptamAtrA meM saMskRta granthoM kI racanA kI hai| jainAcAryoM kA nyAya, vyAkaraNa jyotiSa, viSayaka saMskRta vAGmaya sarvatra pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai| vAGmaya nirmiti meM saMskRtabhASA kA upayoga, prathama digaMbara aura bAda meM zvetAmbara jainAcAryoM ne kiyA, jisase usa kAla meM saMskRta bhASA ke sArvatrika mahattva kA pramANa upalabdha hotA hai| Aja sarvatra suzikSita samAja meM aMgrejI bhASA kA jo mahattva hai, vahI usa yuga meM saMskRta bhASA ko thA yaha tathya jaina tathA bauddha AcAryoM kI saMskRta vAGmayanirmiti se siddha hotA hai| Adhunika kAla meM sarvatra hiMdI bhASA meM jaina vAGmaya kA prasAra ho rahA hai| hiMdI Aja digaMbara saMpradAya kI "dharmabhASA" sI huI hai vyAkhyAgraMtha prAcIna bhAratIya vAGmaya meM pramANabhUta tathA mahattvapUrNa granthoM ke gUDhArtha kA udghATana karane ke lie una para vivaraNAtmaka lekhana karane kI paraMparA thii| durbodha graMthoM kA rahasya samajhane meM isa prakAra ke graMthoM kI AvazyakatA jijJAsu ko pratIta hotI hai| jaina dharma viSayaka AgamoM" kA vivaraNa karane vAle aneka vyAkhyA, graMtha, yathAvasara nirmANa hue| ye Agamika vyAkhyAgraMtha pAMca prakAroM meM vibhakta kiye jAte haiM : 1) niyuktiyA~, 2) bhASya, 3) cUrNiyA~, 4) saMskRta TIkAeM aura loka bhASA meM viracita ttiikaaeN| niyukti : niyuktiyA~ aura bhASya jainAgamoM kI padyabaddha TIkAeM hotI haiN| ina donoM prakAra ke vivaraNAtmaka graMthoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai| niyuktiyoM meM mUla graMtha ke pratyeka pada kA vyAkhyAna na kiyA jAkara vizeSa rUpa se mahattvapUrNa pAribhASika zabdoM kA hI vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| upalabdha niyuktiyoM meM AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) kRta dasa niyuktiyA~ prasiddha haiN| niyuktiyoM meM "nikSepapaddhati' se zabdArtha kA vyAkhyAna hotA hai| kisI bhI vAkya meM eka zabda ke aneka artha hote haiN| zabdoM ke saMbhAvita vividha arthoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda, unameM se aprastuta aneka arthoM kA niSedha karake, prastuta ekamAtra artha kI sthApanA karanA, isa zailI ko 'nikSepapaddhati' kahate haiN| isa prakAra se nirdhArita artha kA mUla vAkya ke zabdoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha sthApita karanA, yahI 'niyukti' kA prayojana hotA hai| bhASya : niyuktiyoM kI bhA~ti "bhASya" bhI padyabaddha prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gaye haiN| kucha bhASya kevala mUlasUtroM para aura kucha bhASya sUtroM kI niyuktiyoM para bhI likhe gaye haiN| bhASyakAroM meM jinabhadragaNi aura saMghadAsa gaNi ye do AcArya vizeSa prasiddha haiM, jinhoMne vyAkhyeya Agama graMthoM ke zabdoM meM chipe hue vividha artha abhivyakta karane kA kArya kiyaa| ina prAcIna bhASya graMthoM meM tatkAlIna bhArata kI sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, rAjanItika, evaM dhArmika sthiti para prakAza DAlane vAlI bharapUra sAmagrI kA darzana hotA hai| jainoM ke Agamika vAGmaya meM isa vizAla bhASya vAGmaya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| cUrNi : jaina AgamoM kI, saMskRta mizrita prAkRta vyAkhyA "cUrNi" kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra kI kucha cUrNiyA~ Agametara vAGmaya para bhI likhI gaI haiN| cUrNikAroM meM jinadAsagaNi, siddhasenasUri (prasiddha siddhasena divAkara se bhinna), pralaMbasUri aura agastyasiMha ityAdi nAma ullekhanIya haiN| niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM kI racanA ke bAda jaina AcAryoM ne saMskRta meM TIkAoM kA lekhana prAraMbha kiyaa| pratyeka Agama para kama se kama eka saMskRta TIkA likhI hI gii| saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM haribhadra sUri, zIlAMkasUri, vAdivetAla, zAntisUri, abhayadeva sUri, malayagiri, maladhArI hemacaMdra, Adi vidvAnoM ke nAma saMsmaraNIya haiN| ina TIkAkAroM ne prAcIna bhASya Adi ke viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA tathA naye naye hetuoM dvArA unheM puSTa kiyaa| apanI TIkAoM ke lie AcAryoM ne, TIkA, vRtti, vivRtti, vivaraNa, vivecana, vyAkhyA, vArtika, dIpikA, avacUri, avacUrNi, paMjikA, Tippana, Tippanaka, paryAya, stabaka, pIThikA akSarArtha ityAdi vividha nAmoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| jinaratnakoza jaise graMtha meM 75 se adhika vidvAnoM kI nAmAvali milatI hai, jinhoMne AgamoM para saMskRta TIkAeM likhI haiN| jainavAGmayAntargata saMskRta TIkA graMthoM kI saMkhyA kAphI bar3I hai| unameM se kucha vizeSa ullekhanIya TIkAkAroM evaM TIkAoM kI sUcI :TIkAkAra TIkAgraMtha 1) haribhadra 1) nandIvRtti, 2) anuyogadvAra TIkA, 3) dazavaikAlikavRtti (nAmAntara ziSyabodhinI yA bRhavRtti) 4) prajJApanApradeza vyAkhyA, 5) AvazyakavRtti ityAdi / kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya haribhadra ne apane guru ke AdezAnusAra 1444 graMthoM kI racanA kI thii| jaina sAhitya kA bRhad 190/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 2) koTyAcArya 3) gandhahasti (siddhasena) 4) zIlAMka (tatvAditya) 5) zAMtisUra (vAdibetAla) 6) droNasUri 7) abhakdeva 8) malayagiri 9) maladhArI hemacaMdra 10) nemicaMdra 11) zrIcaMdrasUri 12) kSemakIrti 13) mANikyazekhara 14) ajitadevari 15) vijayAvimalagaNi 16) vAnararSi 17 ) vijayavimala 18) bhAvavijayagaNi 19 ) samayasuMdarasUri 20) jJAnavimalasUri 21) lakSmIvallabhagaNi 22) dAnazekharasUri 23) vinayavijaya upAdhyAya 24) samayasundaragaNi 25) zAntisAgaragaNi 26) pRthvIcaMdra 27) vijayarAjedrasUri itihAsa (bhAga-3 le. DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA) meM pR. 362 para haribhadra ke 73 TIkAgranthoM kI sUcI dI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya vivrnn| 1) zastraparijJAvivaraNa 2 ) tattvArthabhASyavRtti 1) AcAraMga vivaraNa 2 ) sUtrakRtAMgavivaraNa | uttarAdhyayanaTIkA / www.kobatirth.org oghaniyuktivRtti / 1) sthAnAMgavati, 2) samavAyAMgavRtti, 3) vyAkhyAprajJAptivRtti, 4) jJAnAdharma kathA vivaraNa, 5) upAsaka dazAMgavRtti, 6) antakRddazAvRtti 7 ) praznavyAkaraNavRtti aura 8) vipAkavRtti / inake upalabdha graMthoM kI saMkhyA 20 evaM anupalabdhoM kI 6 mAnI jAtI hai jinameM 1) nadIvRtti, 2) prajJApanAvRtti, 3) sUryaprajJApti vivaraNa 4) jyotiSkaraNakavRtti 5) jIvAbhigamavivaraNa, 6) rAjaprazrIyavivaraNa, 7) piNDaniyuktivRtti 8 ) bRhatkalpapIThikAvRtti, ityAdi TIkAgraMtha ullekhanIya haiN| 1) AvazyakavRtti pradezavyAkhyA, 2) vizeSAvazyakabhASya bRhadvRtti / AcArAMgadIpikA / gacchAcAravRtti / gacchAcAraTIkA / tandulavaicArikavRtti / uttarAdhyayanavRtti / 1) nizIthacUrNidurga padavyAkhyA, 2) nirayAvalakAvRtti, 3) jItakalpacUrNi viSamapadavyAkhyA / bRhatkalpavRtti (malayagirikRta apUrNa vRtti ko isameM pUrNa kiyA hai) / Avazyaka nirmukti dIpikA uttarAdhyayana vyAkhyA / dazavaikAlika dIpikA / vyAkaraNa suvodhikAvRtti / uttarAdhyayana dIpikA | bhagavatI vizeSapadavyAkhyA / kalpasUtrabodhikA / kalpasUtrakalpakatA / kalpasUtra kalpakaumudI kalpasUtra TippaNaka / kalpasUtrArthabodhinI / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Agama graMthoMpara likhI huI saMskRta TIkAoM kI saMkhyA yahA~ nirdiSTa TIkAoM se bahuta adhika hai| sArI TIkAoM kA nirdeza prastuta saMkSipta prakaraNa meM denA asaMbhava hai| ina saMskRta TIkAoM ke atirikta hindI bhASA meM hastimala, upAdhyAya AtmArAma, upAdhyAya amaramuni Adi vidvAnoM ne tathA gujarAtI meM munidharmasiMha, pArthacaMdragaNi Adi vidvAnoM ne vyAkhyA graMtha likhe haiN| , 2 jaina darzanika vAGmaya jaina dharma kA dArzanika vAGmaya vipula hai| isa darzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai karmavAda, jisa ke pAca siddhAnta mAne jAte haiN| 1) pratyeka karma kA koI phala avazya hotA hI hai / 2) karma karane vAle prANI ko usakA phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai| isa janma meM bhoga na huA to usake lie purnajanma lenA par3atA hai| 3) karmaphala ke isa bhogabandhana se mukta honA jIva ke hI adhIna hai| muktidAtA anya koI nahIM hotA / 4) saMsAra meM vyakti vyakti ke sukha-duHkha meM jo vaiSamya dikhAI detA hai, usakA mUla kAraNa karma hI hai| puNya karma kA phala sukha aura pApa kA phala duHkha hotA hai| 5) karmabandha tathA karmabhoga kA adhiSThAtA prANI svayaM hai| isake atirikta jitane bhI hetu dIkhate haiM, ve saba sahakArI athavA nimittabhUta hai| For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 191 -

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jaina siddhAntAnusAra yaha vizva SaD dravyoM se nirmita hai, jo anAdi ananta aura svayameva vidyamAna haiN| unameM se eka dravya ajIva hai| "jIva" ke viparIta yaha dravya asthira aura ananta parivartanazIla hai| prANI ke zarIra meM "jIva" tattva ke sAtha "ajIva" tattva ghaniSTha saMbaMdha se rahatA hai| usake anusAra sarva prakAra kI kriyA hone ke kAraNa, prANI pratikSaNa "ajIva" tattva ke sUkSma paramANuoM ko AkarSita karatA rahatA hai| karma svayameva kriyAzIla hai, use kArya karane ke lie kisI anya zakti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM cArvAkoM ke atirikta sabhI dArzanikoM ne "karmavAda" ko apanAyA hai| isa siddhAnta kA prabhAva saMpUrNa bhAratIya sAhitya, kalA, dharmamata ityAdi para spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA pratipAdita karmavAda meM karma kI ATha mUlaprakRtiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM : 1) jJAnAvaraNa, 2) darzanAvaraNa, 3) vedanIya, 4) mohanIya, 5) Ayu, 6) nAma gotra aura 7) antraay| ina mUla karmaprakRtiyoM ke avAntara bheda kula milAkara 158 mAne gaye haiN| karma aura punarjanma kA avicchedya saMbaMdha hai| punarjanma na mAnane para vicAra meM tarkadRSTyA 1) kRtapraNAza (arthAt kRta karma kA ahetuka vinAza) aura 2) akRtAbhyAgama (arthAt akRta karma kA bhoga) doSa utpanna hote haiN| ina doSoM se mukta hone ke lie sabhI karmavAdiyoM ne punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko mAnyatA dI hai| jaina dharma ke zvetAmbara aura digaMbara saMpradAyoM meM isa karmavAda kA pratipAdana vividha granthoM meM huA hai| digambara saMpradAya meM jisa "karmaprAbhRta" evaM "kaSAyaprAbhRta" ko AgamarUpa mAnyatA prApta hai, unameM karmaviSaya ke pratipAdana ko vizeSa prAdhAnya hai| "karmaprAbhRta" athavA "mahAkarmaprakRti-prAbhRta" isa saMjJA kA kAraNa, yahI mAnA jAtA hai| isameM chaH khaNDa hone ke kAraNa ise "SaTkhaNDAgama" athavA "SakhaNDa siddhAnta" kahate haiN| digambaroM ke isa "Agama" kA udgamasthAna pUrvokta "dRSTivAda" nAmaka jainAgama kA bArahavAM "aMga" (jo aba lupta hai) mAnA gayA hai| isake raciyatA the dharasena AcArya ke ziSya puSpadanta aura bhuutbli| karmaprAmRta (SaTkhaMDAgama) para kundakundAcArya (aparanAma padmanandimuni) zyAmakuNDa, tumbulUra bappadeva jaise mahAn AcAryoM kI prAkRta TIkAoM ke atirikta, samantabhadra kRta saMskRta TIkA (48 hajAra zloka) evaM vIrasena (I. 8 vIM zatI) aura jayasena (jitasena) kRta dhavalA tathA "jayadhavalA" nAmaka prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita TIkAeM prasiddha haiN| karmavAda para digambarIya sAhitya meM amitagatikRta tathA zrIpAlasuta DaDDhakRta "paMcasaMgraha" nAmaka saMskRta graMtha ullekhanIya hai| inake atirikta nemicaMdrakRta gommaTasAra (I. 11 vIM zatI) para abhayacaMdra kI nemicaMdrakRta labdhisAra para kezavavarNI kI saMskRta TIkAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| zivazarmasUrikRta karmaprakRti (475 gAthAeM) karmasiddhAnta viSayaka eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| isa para malayagirikRta vRtti (8 hajAra zloka) aura yazovijayakRta TIkA (13 hajAra zloka tathA caMdrarSimahattara kRta paMcasaMgraha para svayaM lekhaka kI (9 hajAra zloka) aura malayagiri kI (18 hajAra zloka) TIkA ityAdi bhI ullekhanIya haiN| jainAgamoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM ke atirikta unake sArAMzarUpa Agamika prakaraNoM kI racanA prAkRta padyoM meM huii| prAcIna kAla ke vizAla Agama vAGmaya meM pratipAdita aneka gahana viSayoM ko subodha evaM saMkSipta karane kA prayatna kundakundAcArya, zAntisUri, abhayadevasUri, ratnazekharasUri, haribhadrasUri, zrIcaMdrasUri, nemicaMdrasUri, amRtacaMdrasUri, municaMdrasUri, jinezvarasUri, devasUri Adi aneka vidvAnoM ne apane prAkRta granthoM dvArA kiyA hai| ina prAkRta prakaraNagranthoM meM se bahusaMkhya granthoM para saMskRta TIkAeM jaina vidvAnoM dvArA likhI gaI haiN| prakaraNa graMthoM kA dUsarA prakAra AcAradharmaviSayaka hai| isa prakAra ke prakaraNoM meM upadezamAlA, upadezaprakaraNa, upadezarasAyana, upadezaciMtAmaNi, upadezakandalI, hitopadezamAlA, zIlopadezamAlA, upadezaratnAkara, upadezasaptatikA, dharmakaraNDaka, AtmAnuzAsana ityAdi graMtha ullekhanIya haiN| 3 jaina-yogadarzana jaina dharma ke sabhI paramapUjya tIrthakara yogasiddha mahApuruSa the, ataH jaina sAdhakoM meM yogamArga ke prati vizeSa AsthA sadaiva rahI aura aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne yogaviSayaka graMthoM kI racanA bhI kI hai| yazovijayagaNi ne pAtaMjala yogadarzana ke 27 sUtroM para vyAkhyA likhI, jisa meM sAMkhyadarzana aura jaina darzana meM bheda tathA sAmya kA samyak paricaya dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yoga viSayaka mahattvapUrNa jaina graMthaH 1) yogabindu : le. haribhadra suuri| shlok-527| isa graMtha para sadyogacintAmaNi nAmaka mahattvapUrNa vRtti (zloka-3720) haribhadrasUri kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| isake atirikta haribhadrasUri ne jogasayaga (yogazataka) aura jogavihANa vIsiyA (yoga vidhAna vizikA) nAmaka apane do prAkRta graMthoM para, saMskRta meM vistRta vRtti likhI hai| yazovijayagaNi ne bhI jogavihANavIsiyA para saMskRta meM vivaraNa likhA hai| 192 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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2 ) yogadRSTisamuccaya:- le. haribhadra / zloka - 226 / isa para svayaM graMthakAra kRta 1175 zloka parimANa (59 vRtti aura sAdhurAjagaNi kRta 450 zloka parimANa (aprakAzita) TIkA hai| bhAnuvijayamaNi kI yogadRSTisamuccaya pIThikA prakAzita hai| 3) brahmasiddhisamuccayaH le. haribhadrasUri zlokasaMkhyA 423 se adhika / (4) paramAtmaprakAzaH le padmanandI / zloka - 13001 5) yogasAra:- mUla prAkRta nAma hai jogasAra / le. yogiindu| isa para indranandI tathA eka ajJAta lekhaka kI TIkAeM saMskRta meM haiN| 6) yogazAstra (athavA adhyAtmopaniSad): le. hemacandra sUri ( upAdhi - kalikAlasarvajJa) / 12 prakAzoM meM pUrNa / zloka sNkhyaa-1019| isa para indranandI kRta (I. 13 vIM zatI) yogiramA, amaraprabhasUsirakRta vRtti, aura indrasaubhAgyagaNi kRta vArtika haiM / 7) yogapradIpa ( nAmAntara- yogArNava, jJAnArNavaH - le. zubhacaMdra / samaya- I. 13 vIM zatI / sargasaMkhyA - 12 / zloka - 2077 isa para zrutasAgarakRta tattvatrayaprakAzinI tathA anya do TIkAeM haiN| 8) yogapradIpa:- le. ajJAta / zloka 143 1) dhyAnavicAra:- gadyAtmaka racanA le ajJAta isameM dhyAna ke pramukha 24 prakAra aura aneka anekavidha upa prakAroM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| 10 ) dhyAnadIpikA :- le. sakalacaMdra | I. 16 vIM zatI / 11) dhyAnamAlA :- le. nemidaas| 12) dhyAnasAra:- le. yazakIrti / 13) dhyAnastava: le. bhAskara nandI / 14) dhyAnasvarUpa :- le. bhaavvijy| I. 18 vIM zatI / 15) dvAdazAnuprekSA: 1) somadeva, 2) kalyANakIrti 3) ajJAtakartR / 16) sAmyazataka :- le vijayadevasUri zloka -107 / 17) yogataraMgiNI :- le. ajJAta / isapara jinadatta sUri ko TIkA hai| 18) yogadIpikA :- le. AzAdhara / 19) yogabheda dvAtriMzikA le. paramAnanda / 20) yogamArga le somadeva 21 ) yogaratnAkara:- le. jayakIrti / 22) yogavivaraNa: le. yAdava sUri 23) yogasaMgrahasAra : le. jinacaMdra - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 24) yogasaMgrahasAra - prakriyA:- athavA adhyAtmapaddhati / le. nandIguru / 25 ) yogasAra:- le. gurudAsa 26) yogAMga:- le. shaantrs| zloka- 45001 27 ) yogAbhRta: le. vIrasena deva 28) adhyAtmakalpadrumaH le. "sahasAvadhAnI munisuMdara sUri 16 adhikAroM meM vibhakta isa para dhanavijayagaNikRta adhirohiNI, ratnasUrikRta adhyAtmakalpalatA evaM upAdhyAya vidyAsAgara kRta TIkAeM milatI haiN| 29 ) adhyAtmarAsa- le. raMgavilAsa / (30) adhyAtmasAra:- le. yshovijygnni| sAta prabandhoM meM vibhAjita / zloka - 13001 31) adhyAtmopaniSada le. yazovijayagaNi cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita zloka 203 32) adhyAtmavindu le upAdhyAya harSavardhana 33) adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDaH - le. rAjamalla / zloka -200 / 13 34) adhyAtmataraMgiNIH- le. somadeva / prastRta graMthAvali meM prAyaH saMskRta bhASIya graMthoM kA pradhAnatA se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| inake atirikta prAkRta bhASA meM bhI yoga viSayaka aneka graMtha jaina vicAradhArA ke anusAra likhe gaye haiN| AdhyAtmika sAdhakoM ke jIvana meM yogasAdhanA ke samAna hI nitya aura naimitika AcAra, vrata ityAdi bAtoM kA mahattva saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 193 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hotA hai| jaina dharma meM isa prakAra ke naiSThika evaM zucizIla jIvana ko atyaMta mahatva hone ke kAraNa, isa viSaya kA vivaraNa karane vAle aneka graMtha nirmANa hue jina meM prAkRta graMthoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| unameM se kucha graMthoM para saMskRta TIkAe~ likhI * gii| saMskRta graMthoM meM umAsvAtI kRta prazamarati (zloka-313), zrAvakaprajJapti; samantabhadrakRta ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra (zloka-150); amitagatikRta upAsakAcAra; mAghanandI kRta zrAvakAcAra; jinezvarakRta zrAvakadharma vidhi; ratnazekhara sUri kRta AcArapradIpa (zloka-4065), ityAdi graMtha ullekhanIya haiN| ___ taMtramArga ke prabhAva se bhArata kA eka bhI dharma saMpradAya achUtA nahIM raha skaa| tAMtrika vAGmaya viSayaka prakaraNa meM isa saMbaMdha meM vistArapUrvaka jAnakArI dI hai| jaina vAGmaya meM sakalacandragaNi kRta pratiSThAkalpa; vasunandakRta pratiSThAsArasaMgraha (700 zloka); AzAdhara kRta jinayajJakalpa; jinaprabhasUri kRta sUrimantrabRhatkalpavivaraNa; siMhatilaka sUrikRta vardhamAnavidyAkalpa aura maMtrarAjarahasya; malliSeNakRta vidyAnuzAsana, sukumArasenakRta vidyAnuvAda; malliSeNakRta bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa; vAlinIkalpa, sarasvatI-maMtrakalpa, kAmacAMDAlinIkalpa; candrakRta adbhutakadamvAvatI kalpa; jinaprabhasUrikRta vividhatIrthakalpa ityAdi maMtra taMtra viSayaka graMtha ullekhanIya haiN| inameM se kucha graMthoM meM saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM kA prayoga huA hai tathA una para likhI huI TIkAeM mukhyataH saMskRta bhASA meM haiN| 4 "jaina-kAvya" jaina vAGmaya kA vargIkaraNa Agamika, anvAgamika aura Agametara nAmaka tIna bhAgoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| Agamika vAGmaya meM AcArAMtra Adi 45 AgamoM tathA unapara likhe niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya aura TIkAoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| anvAgamika vAGmaya meM kasAyapAhuDa, SaTrakhaNDAgama tathA kundakundAcArya Adi vidvAnoM ke mahanIya graMtha, tathA anya dArzanika graMthoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| Agametara vAGmaya meM "dharmakathAnuyoga" ke antargata pUjya arhanta tathA kulakara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi mahApuruSoM kI jIvaniyoM se saMbaMdhita kAvyAtmaka sAhitya kA antarbhAva hotA hai| yaha Agametara sAhitya Agamika sAhitya se sarvathA svataMtra nahIM hai| usane prAcIna AgamoM se hI bIjasUtroM ko liyA hai aura bAharI upAdAnoM tathA navIna zailiyoM dvArA unheM pallavita kara, eka svataMtra rUpa dhAraNa kiyA hai| I. cauthI pAMcavI zatAbdI se jaina kAvyoM kI racanA kA prAraMbha mAnA jAtA hai| ina kAvyoM me paurANika, aitihAsika aura zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM, khaNDakAvyoM, gadyakAvyoM, nATaka, campU, kathA Adi vividha lalita kAvyaprakAroM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| prAcIna jaina vAGmaya pradhAnatathA prAkRta tathA saMskRta bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM kevala saMskRta vAGmaya kA saMkSipta paricaya dete hue yathAvasara zreSTha prAkRta graMthoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| "dharmakathAnuyoga" ke antargata kAvyAtmaka racanAkAroM kA pradhAna uddezya yahI thA, kI una dvArA jaina dharma ke AcAra aura vicAra Adi ko ramaNIya evaM rocaka zailI meM prastuta kara, sAmAnya janatA meM dhArmika cetanA evaM bhaktibhAvanA uddIpita ho| isa dhArmika bhAvanA ko prakaTa karane meM unhoMne jainadharma ke jaTila siddhAntoM aura munidharma saMbaMdhI niyAmoM ko utanA adhika mahattva nahIM diyA, jitanA ki jJAtadarzana-caritra ke sAmAnya vivecana ke sAtha, ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, dAna, zIla, tapa, svAdhyAya Adi AcaraNIya dharmoM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| sAmAnya gRhasthAzramI jaina bAMdhavoM ke lie vrata, parva, tIrthAdi-mAhAtmya, tathA viziSTa puruSoM kA caritravarNana karate hue kathAtmaka graMtharacanA kI ora bhI unhoMne vizeSa dhyAna diyaa| ye sabhI kAvyagrantha mukhyataH dhArmika yA dharmaparaka haiN| ina meM se kaI kAvyoM meM brAhmaNa, bauddha, cArvAka Adi darzanoM ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana aura jaina darzana maNDana hai| ye kAvya rasa kI dRSTi se adhikAMza zAntarasa pradhAna hai| ina meM zRgAra, vIra, raudra, Adi anya rasa gauNa hote haiN| aneka jaina paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI kathAvastu jaina paraMparA meM prasiddha zalAkA-puruSoM ke jIvana caritoM ko lekara nibaddha kI gaI hai| ina zalAkApuruSoM kI saMkhyA jinasena aura hemacaMdra ne 63 dI hai| samavAyAMgama meM 24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 1 nArAyaNa aura 1 baladeva ko hI "uttama puruSa" mAna kara kulasaMkhyA 54 dI hai| para unameM 9 pratinArAyaNoM ko jor3a kara 63 saMkhyA banatI hai| bhadrezvara ne apanI kathAvali meM 9 nAradoM kI saMkhyA joDakara zalAkApuruSoM kI saMkhyA 72 dI hai| zalAkApuruSa zabda kA artha, zalAkA arthAta samyaktva se yukta mhaapuruss| hemacadrAcArya kA triSaSTi-zalAkApuruSacarita eka mahAna saMskRta Akara graMtha hai| usameM aneka paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke bIja haiN| ullekhanIya paurANika kAvyoM kI sUci :mahApurANa- (Adi purANa aura uttarapurANa sahita parvasaMkhyA-76) AdipurANa ke lekhaka-jinasena aura gunnbhdr| uttara purANa ke lekhaka guNabhadra aura lokasena / purANasArasaMgraha :- le. dAmanandI / isa meM AdinAtha, caMdraprabha, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ina tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra saMkalita haiN| triSaSTizalAkApurANa (aparanAma-mahApurANa):- le. aashaadhr| adhyaay-24| zloka-4801 194 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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AdipurANa (aparanAma-RSabhanAthacarita) aura uttarapurANa- le. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti / karNAmRtapurANa:- le. kezavasena aura prbhaacNdr| pArzvanAtha kAvya aura rAyamallAbhyudaya :- le. upAdhyAya padmasuMdara ( ye akabara ke darabAra meM sabhAsada the ) caturviMzati-jinendra saMkSipta-caritAniH- le. amaracaMdrasUri (adhyAya -24 / shlok-1802| mahApuruSacarita : le. merutuNg| isameM RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva aura vardhamAna ina pA~ca tIrthakAroM ke caritra haiN| ladhutriSaSTi zalAkApuruSacarita : le. meghavijaya upAdhyAya / hemacandrAcArya kRta graMtha kA yaha saMkSepa hai| parva 10 / zloka 5000 / laghumahApurANa (aparanAma - laghutriSaSTilakSaNa-mahApurANa : le. caMdramuni / triSaSTi-zalAkApuruSacaritra : le. vimlsuuri| 2) le. vajrasena / ina purANAtmaka saMskRta granthoM ke atirikta saMskRta meM tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanacarita saMbaMdhI svataMtra mahAkAvya bhI likhe gaye haiN| unameM nimnanirdiSTa kAvya ullekhanIya haiN| paramAnanda mahAkAvya (aparanAma jinendracarita) : le. amrcndrsuri| isakI racanA vIsaladeva (I. 13 vIM zatI) ke maMtrI padma ke anurodha para kI gaI, ataH isakA nAma "padyAnanda" rakhA gyaa| isameM RSabha, bharata aura bAhubali ke caritra varNita haiN| AdinAtha carita : le. vinayacandra / anya eka vinayacandra dvArA likhita mallinAthacarita, munisuvratanAthacarita tathA pArzvacarita upalabdha haiN| AdinAtha purANa (aparanAma RSabhanAtha caritra) : le. sakalakIrti / ajitanAthapurANa : le. aruNamaNi / yaha maulika racanA na hokara AdipurANa, harivaMzapurANa Adi granthoM meM uddhRta aMzoM kA saMkalana hai| saMbhavanAthacaritra : le. meruutuNgsuuri| (merutuMga nAmake tIna sUri mAne jAte haiN|) padyaprabhacaritra : le. siddhasena suuri|| candraprabhacarita : le. vIranandI (I. 11 vIM zatI) 2) le. asaMga kvi| 3) le. devendr| zloka 5325) / 4) le, sarvAnanda suuri| sarga 13 / zloka 7141) I. 14 vIM shtii| 5) le. bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, sarga 12) 6) le. pNdditaacaary| 7) le. shivaabhiraam| 8) le. daamodr| zreyAMsanAthacarita : le. maantuNgsuuri| sarga 13 / 2) le. bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti / vAsupUjyacarita : le. vrdhmaansuuri| I. 14 vIM shtii| sarga 4 / zloka 5494 / vimalanAthacarita (gadyakAvya) : le. jnyaansaagr| I. 17 vIM shtii| vimalapurANa : le. kRssnndaas| sarga 101 zloka 23641 anantanAthapurANa : le. vAsavasena / dharmanAthacarita : le. nemicndr| dharmazarmAbhyudaya : le. hricndr| zAntinAthapurANa : le. asaMga kvi| sarga 161 zloka 25001 laghuzAntipurANa : le. asaMga kvi| sarga 121 zAntinAthacarita : le. mANikyacandra sUri / sarga 8 zloka, 5574 / inhoMne gammaTakRta kAvyaprakAza para saMketa nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| zAntinAtha mahAkAvya : le. munibhadrasUri / zAntinAthacarita : le. ajitprbhsuuri| sarga 6 / zloka 48551 3) le. bhaavcndrsuuri| 4) munibhadrasUri sarga 191 5) le. jnyaansaagr| 6) le. udysaagr| 7) vatsarAja 8) le. hrssbhuussnngnni| 9) le. knkprbh| 10) rtnshekhrsuuri| 11) le. zAntikIrti, 12) le. gunnsen| 13) le. brhmdev| 14) le. brahmajaya sAgara aura 15) le. zrIbhUSaNa / zAntinAtharAjyAbhiSeka : le. dhrmcndrgnni| zAntinAthavivAha : le. Anandapramoda / zAntinAthacarita : le. meghavijaya gnni| isameM lekhaka ne, zrIharSakRta naiSadhIyacarita ke pAdoM kI pUrti karate hue zAntinAtha kA caritra prastuta kiyA hai| mallinAthacarita : le. vinycndrsuuri| sarga 8 zloka 4355 / isa kAvya meM zvetAmbara jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra mallinAtha ko sI mAnA hai| 2) le. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti (sarga 7, zloka 874) 3) zubhavardhanagaNi, 4) vijayasUri / 5) bhaTTAraka prbhaacNdr| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/195 For Private and Personal Use Only

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munisuvratacarita : le. muniratna suuri| sarga 23 / zloka 6806) 2) le. pdmprbhsuuri| zloka 55551 3) le. vinayacaMdrasUri / sarga 8, zloka 455214) le. arhddaas| 5) le. kRSNadAsa (sarga 23) 6) le. kezavasena / 7) le. bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti / 8) le. hariSeNa / neminAthacaritaH- le. suraacaary| yaha kAvya dvisandhAnAtmaka hai; jisakA eka artha prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha paraka aura dUsarA 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha paraka hotA hai| neminirvANakAvyaH- le. vAgbhaTa (12 vIM zatI) srg-15| nemicaritramahAkAvyaH- le. raamn| I. 14 vIM shtii| neminAthacaritraH- le. daamodr| I. 14 vIM shtii| 2) le. udayaprabha / nemicaritakAvya:- le. vikrm| isameM meghadUta ke pAdoM kI samasyApUrti kavi ne kI hai| neminAtha-mahAkAvyaH- le. kIrtirAja upaadhyaay| srg-12| zloka-703 / neminAthacarita (gadyakAvya):- le. guNavijaya gnni| graMtha 13 vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai| neminirvANakAvya:- le. brahmanemidatta / I. 17 vIM shtii| sarga-161 pArvAbhyudayaH- le. jinasena (prthm)| I.9 vIM zatI / meghadUta kI paMktiyoM kI samasyApUrti karate hue pArzvanAtha kA caritra isameM varNita hai| pArzvanAtha-carita (aparanAma-pArzvanAtha jinezvara carita):- le. vAdirAja sUri / I. 11 vIM shtii| sarga-121 2) le. mANikyacaMdrasUri / srg-10| zloka-67701 3) le. vinycNdrsuuri| I. 14vIM shtii| zloka-49851 4) le. srvaanndsuuri| shlok-8000| 5) le. bhAvadeva sUri / I. 16 vIM shtii| srg-8| shlok-6074| 6) le. sakalakIrti / I. 15 vIM shtii| srg-23| 7) le. padmasuMdara / I. 15 vIM zatI / sarga-718) le. hemavijaya / 9) le. vAdicaMdra / I. 17 vIM shtii| 10) le. vIragaNi (gdygrNth)| mahAvIra caritaH- (aparanAma-vardhamAnacarita yA sanpaticarita):- le. asaMga kvi| I. 11 vIM shtii| vardhamAnacaritaH- (aparanAma mahAvIrapurANa yA vardhamAnapurANa)- le. sklkiirti| amamasvAmicarita:- le. muniratnasUri / I. 13 vIM shtii| sarga-201 zloka-10 hjaar| isameM bhAvI tIrthaMkara amamasvAmI kA caritra varNana kiyA hai| jaina dharma meM jina 24 tIrthaMkaroM ko mAnyatA prApta hai, unake jIvanacaritra isa prakAra vividha paurANika kAvyoM meM likhe gye| ina mahApuruSoM ke caritroM para AdhArita mahAkAvya, bhAravi, mAgha bANa, bhaTTi Adi ke mahAkAvyoM ke anukaraNapara race gaye haiM, jinakA antarbhAva rItibaddha zreNI meM yA zAstrakAvya tathA bahvarthaka mahAkAvyoM meM hotA hai| inameM kaviyoM ne anya mahAkaviyoM ke samAna alpa kathAvastu kA citraNa karate hue apanA pANDitya evaM pratibhAvaibhava prakaTa karane kI ceSTA kI hai| inameM se kucha mahattvapUrNa kAvyoM kA ullekha paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI uparilikhita nAmAvali meM huA hai| vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiM kucha anekArthaka yA "saMdhAna-kAvya" jinakI racanA (saMskRtabhASIya zabdoM kI anekArthakatA ke kAraNa) saMskRta meM hI ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra ke jaTila kAvyoM kI racanA I. 5 vIM 6ThI sadI se hone lgii| jaina saMdhAnakAvyoM meM sabase prAcIna aura uttama mAnA huA "dvisaMdhAna" kAvya dhanaMjaya ne (I. 8 vIM zatI) meM likhA, jisakA nAma hai raaghv-paannddviiy| isameM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathA 18 sargoM meM eka sAtha bar3I kuzalatA se graMthita kI hai| isa vicitra paraMparA meM zrutakIrti traividya kA rAghavapANDavIya, mAdhava bhaTTa kA rAghavapANDavIya, sandhyAkaranandI kA rAmacarita, haridatta sUri kA rAghavanaiSadhIya cidambarakavikRta rAghavapANDavayAdavIya Adi saMdhAnakAvyoM kA antabhAva hotA hai| jaina vAGmaya kI dRSTi se isa prakAra ke kAvyoM meM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa kAvya hai meghavijayagaNikRta "saptasaMdhAnakAvya", jisa ke pratyeka zleSamaya padya se RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ina pAMca tIrthaMkaroM evaM rAma tathA kRSNa ina sAta mahApuruSoM ke caritra vyakta hote haiN| isa kAvya meM 9 sarga haiN| somaprabhAcArya ne "zatArthika" kAvya ke rUpa meM eka hI padya kI racanA kI aura usapara apanI TIkA likhakara 106 -artha nikAle hai jinameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha brahma, viSNu, maheza tathA kucha aitihAsika nRpatiyoM ke bhI caritra vyakta hote haiN| 10 vIM zatAbdI se trivikramabhaTTa kRta nalacampU ke prabhAva se saMskRta meM gadya-padyAtmaka kAvya racanA hone lagI, jise sAhityazAstriyoM ne "campU" nAma diyaa| jaina saMskRta vAGmaya kI paramparA meM somadeva sUrikRta yazastilakacampU (jisameM jaina purANoM meM varNita yazodhara nRpati kI kathA, ATha AzvAsoM meM varNita hai, haricandrakRta jIvandhara-campU aura arhaddAsakRta purudevacampU ye tIna graMtha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| dUtakAvya vizva sAhitya meM saMskRta sAhitya ke dUtakAvya apUrva mAne jAte haiN| kAlidAsa ne apane meghadUta dvArA isa kAvya prakAra ko pravartita kiyaa| pAzcAtya sAhitya para bhI isa kA prabhAva pdd'aa| prAcIna jaina kaviyoM ne isa paddhati ke anusAra kucha dUtakAvyoM 196/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kI racanA kI, jinameM jinasena (I.8 vIM zatI) kA pArzvAbhyudaya, vikrama kA nemidUta (I. 13 vIM zatI), merutuMga kA jainameghadUta (I. 14-15 vIM zatI), caritrasuMdaragaNi kA zIladUta (I. 15 vIM zatI), vAdicaMdra kA pavanadUta (I. 17 vIM zatI), vinayavijayagaNikA indudUta (I. 18 vIM zatI), meghavijaya kA meghadUta samasyAlekha (I. 18 vIM zatI) vimalakIrtigaNa kA candradata aura ajJAtakartRka cetodUta ityAdi dUtakAvya ullekhanIya haiN| ina dUtakAvyoM meM vipralaMbha ke alAvA zAntarasa ko pradhAna sthAna diyA gayA hai| sAhityika sarasatA se apane dharma siddhAntoM evaM dharmaniyamoM ko ina dUtakAvyoM dvArA pracArita karane kA prayAsa huA hai| " jayadevakRta rAga-tAla nibaddha gItagoviMdam ke prabhAva se abhinava cArukIrti paMDitacArya (zravaNabelagola (karNATaka) maTha ke bhaTTAraka I.14-15 vIM zatI) ne gItavItarAga prabandha kI racanA kI, jisameM 25 prabaMdhoM meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke pUrvajanmoM kI kathA varNana karate hue stuti kI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya meM prabhurAmacaMdra kI kathA para AdhArita vividha prakAra ke sAhitya kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hai| uparinirdiSTa tIrthaMkara viSayaka sAhitya ke sAtha hI jaina sAhityikoM ne rAmakathA para AdhArita paurANika kAvyoM kI racanA kii| I-7 vIM zatI meM racita vimalasUri kA "paUmacariya" nAmaka prAkRta kAvya rAmakathA viSayaka jaina kAvyoM kA upajIvya graMtha hai| jainapurANa sAhitya meM yaha saba se prAcIna graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| isameM varNita rAmakathA kA svarUpa vAlmIkIya rAmakathA se aneka prakAroM se bhinna hai| vAlmIkIya aura jainIya rAmAyaNa ke sAre pramukha pAtra nAmataH eka hI haiM, paraMtu unake vyaktitva kA citraNa sarvathA nirAlA hai| yahA~ ke upAkhyAna bhI svataMtra haiN| vimalasUri ne rAmakathA kA nirupaNa jaina dharma ke anukUla karate huye, jaina dharma kA yathocita pratipAdana kiyA hai| saMskRta meM racita rAmacaritroM meM raviSeNa kRta padmacarita yA padmapurANa, devavinaya kRta gadyAtmaka jainarAmAyaNa tathA jinadAsa (I. 16 vIM zatI) somasena, dharmakIrti, candrakIrti bhaTTAraka, candrasAgara, zrIcandra ina lekhakoM ke padmapurANa (yA rAmapurANa) nAmaka graMtha evaM zubhavardhanagaNi kRta padmamahAkAvya, padmanAbhakRta rAmacaritra, prabhAcaMdra (yA zrIcaMdra) kRta padmapurANapaMjikA, ityAdi graMtha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| sotAcaritraparaka granthoM me zAntisUri brahmanemidatta aura amaradAsa ke kAvya ullekhanIya haiN| mahAbhArata kI kathA para AdhArita jinasena (I. 8 vIM zatI) kRta harivaMzapurANa kAvyaguNoM se paripUrNa eka vizvakozAtmaka kathAgraMtha hai| isameM 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA caritra kendrabindu hai, jisakA vistAra, vasudeva, kRSNa, balarAma, pradyumna, sAMba, jarAsaMgha, kaurava, pANDava ityAdi puruSoM kA, jaina mAnyatAnusAra caritravarNana karate hue, kiyA gayA hai| isa graMtha kA svarUpa "jaina mahAbhArata" saMjJA ke yogya hai grantha kI pratyeka puSpikA meM "ariSTanemipurANasaMgraha" nAma se isa purANa kA nirdeza huA hai| I pANDavacarita nAmaka 18 sargoM ke mahAkAvya meM devaprabhasUri (I. 14 vIM zatI) ne jaina paraMparA ke anusAra, SaSThAMgopaniSada tathA hemacandrAcArya kRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita para AdhArita pANDavacaritra kA varNana kiyA hai sAtha meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA cAritra bhI nivedita huA hai| isI prakAra bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke harivaMza purANa meM kaurava pANDava aura zrIkRSNa ke caritroM ke sAtha 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA caritra varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM kula sargasaMkhyA hai 40 paraMtu unameM se prathama 14 sargoM kI racanA sakalakIrti kI hai, aura zeSa sargoM kI racanA, una ke ziSya brahmajinadAsa ne kI hai| sakalakIrti dvArA racita 28 saMskRta graMthoM meM se kucha mahattvapUrNa graMthoM kA nirdeza prastuta prakaraNa meM yathAsthAna huA hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kA pANDavacarita "jainamahAbhArata" nAma se vidita hai isameM 25 parva hai aura pratyeka parva kA prAraMmbha tIrthakara kI stuti se hotA hai prathama parva meM RSabhAdi 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti hai| pANDava caritra viSayaka anya graMtha: pANDavapurANa (sarga-18) le. bhaTTAraka vAdicandra / pANDavapurANa le. zrIbhUSaNa I. 18 vIM shtii| pANDavacaritra (sarga - 18 ) :- le. devvijygnni| I. 18 vIM zatI / pANDavacaritra (harivaMzapurANa): le. zubhavardhanagaNa / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - pANDavapurANa: le. rAmacaMdra ! harivaMzapurANa:- le. zrIbhUSaNa I. 18 vIM zatI / 2) le zrutakIrti, 3) le. jayasAgara 4 ) le. jayAnanda / 5) le maMgarA / isa prakAra rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa jaina sAhityakoM ne una sarasa kathAoM para AdhArita kAvyoM kI racanA paryApta mAtrA meM kI hai, paraMtu una kathAoM meM jaina paraMparA tathA jaina vicAradhArA kA aMza milA kara pRthagAtmatA nirmANa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ! 5) jaina anantvNa saMskRta sAhitya meM stotrAtmaka kAvyoM kI vedoM se prAraMbha hotA hai| indra, varuNa, For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta kaGmaya koza apara

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ityAdi devatAoM ke stotra suprasiddha haiN| samasta purANa vAGmaya meM zatAbadhi stotra sarvatra vikhare hue haiN| unake atirikta mAtRceTa kA arghyazataka, zaivavAGmaya meM puSpadanta kA zivamahimnaHstotra, bANabhaTTa kA caNDIzataka murAri kA sUryazataka, aura zaMkarAdi AcAryoM ke bhAvapUrNa stotra saMskRta sAhitya meM avismaraNIya haiN| jaina dharma meM jJAna, darzana aura caritra para vizeSa Agraha hai| upAsya tIrthaMkara evaM paMca parameSThiyoM (arthAt arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu) ke stotra gAna se, jIva ko isa "triratna" kA bodha hotA hai yaha siddhAnta mAnA gayA hai| ataH saMskRtabhASA meM jaina matAnukUla bhaktipUrNa stotra bahumukhI dhArA meM pravAhita hue| ina meM kucha tArkika zailI meM, kucha AlaMkArika zailI meM, kucha samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM racita hai| jaina samAja meM sabase priya do stotra mAne gaye hai :- 1) mAnatuMgAcArya (I. 7 vIM zatI) kRta bhaktAmarastotra aura 2) kumudacaMdrakRta kalyANamaMdirastotra / prathama stotra meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI 44 (yA 48) padyoM meM evaM dvitIya meM pArzvanAtha kI 44 padyoM meM stuti kI gaI hai| hemacandrAcArya kRta vItarAgastotra aura mahAdevastotra meM, ___ "bhavabIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupagatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA nmstsmai||" "taM vande sAdhuvaMdyaM sakalaguNanidhiM dhvastadoSadviSantaM / buddhaM vA vardhamAnaM zatadalanilayaM kezavaM vA zivaM vaa||" ityAdi vacanoM dvArA sarvamatoM kI ekAtmatA kI udAra bhAvanA utkRSTa rIti se abhivyakta huI hai| jaina stotra vAGmaya meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke guNavarNanapara stotra pramukha haiN| ina meM sabase adhika saMkhyA hai pArzvanAtha se saMbaMdhita stotroM kI / isa ke bAda RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra para likhe stotroM kI saMkhyA AtI hai| zeSa tIrthaMkaroM se saMbadhita stotra aura bhI kama haiN| "kucha ullekhanIya jaina stotrakAra aura stotra" 1) samantabhadra- a) svayaMbhUstotra A) devaagmstotr| i) yuktyanuzAsana, I) jinazatakAlaMkAra / 2) AcArya siddhasena- dvAtriMzikA stotra / - 3) AcArya hemacaMdra- 1) ayogavyavaccheda dvaatriNshikaa| 2) anyyogdvaatriNshikaa| 4) prajJAcakSu zrIpAla- sarvaniyatistuti / 5) rAmacandrasUri- dvAtriziMkAstotra / 6) jayatilakasUri- caturhArAvalicitrastava / 7) vivekasAgara- vItarAgastava (shlissttstotr)| isake 30 artha zleSadvArA nikAle jAte haiN| 8) nayacaMdrasUri- stNbhpaarshvstv| 18 artho kA (shlissttstotr)| . 9) samayasundara- RSabhabhaktAmarastotra / 10) lakSmIvimala- zAntibhaktAmara / / 11) ratnasiMhasUri- nemibhaktAmara / / 12) dharmavardhanagaNi- vIrabhaktAmara / 13) dharmasiMhasUri- sarasvatIbhaktAmara / / inake atirikta jinabhaktAmara, AtmabhaktAmara, zrIvallabhabhaktAmara, evaM kAlIbhaktAmara ityAdi bhaktAmara- zabdAnta stotroM meM mAnatuMga kRta suprasiddha bhaktAmarastotra kI pAdapUrti karate hue stutipadyoM kI racanA kI gaI hai| isI prakAra kumudacaMdrakRta kalyANamaMdira stotra kI samasyApUrti meM bhAvaprabhasUrikRta jainadharmavarastotra, tathA ajJAtakartRka pArzvanAthastotra, vIrastuti, vijayAnadasUrI Izvarastavana, ityAdi stotra ullekhanIya haiN| 14) devanandI pUjyapAda (I. 6 zatI) :- siddhabhakti aura siddhapriyastotra / 15) pAtrakezarI- (I. 6 zatI) - jinendraguNasaMstuti / 16) mAnatuMgAcArya (I. 7 vIM zatI) bhaktAmarastotra (yA AdinAtha stotra) 17) bappabhaTTi- (I. 8 vIM zatI) - sarasvatIstotra, zAntistotra, catuviMzatijinastuti, viirstv| 18) dhanaMjaya (I. 8 vIM zatI) jinshsrnaam| 19) jinasena (I. 9 vIM zatI) jinshsrnaam| 20) vidyAnanda - shriipurpaarshvnaath| 21) kumudacandra (siddhasena I. 11 vIM zatI) kalyANamandira / 22) zobhanamuni- (I. 11 vIM zatI) caturvizatijinastuti / 23) vAdirAjasUri - jJAnalocanastotra, ekIbhAvastotra / .11 vIM 23) vAzimAna (I. 198 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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24) bhUpAlakavi (I. 11 vIM zatI) jincturviNshtikaa| 25) AcAryahemacandra (I. 12 vIM zatI) (ka) vItarAgastotra (kha) mahAdevastotra (ga) mahAvIrastotra / 26) jinavallabhasUri (I. 12 vIM zatI) bhavAdivAraNa, 2) ajitazAntistava ityaadi| 27) AzAdhara (I. 13 vIM zatI) siddhgunnstotr|| 28) jinaprabhUsari (I. 13 vIM zatI) siddhAntAgamastava, ajitazAntistavana ityaadi| 29) mahAmAtyavastupAla (I. 13 vIM zatI) aMbikAstavana / 30) padyanandibhaTTAraka - rAvaNapArzvanAthastotra, zAntijinastotra, vItarAgastotra / 31) munisundara - stotrrtnkosh| 32) bhAnucandragaNi - sUryasahasranAmastotra / _ isa nAmAvalI se jaina stotroM ke bahiraMga svarUpa kI kalpanA A sakatI hai| jainastotrasamuccaya, jainastotrasandoha, ityAdi saMgrahAtmaka grantho meM aneka jainastotra prakAzita hue haiN| kRSNamizra ke prabodha candrodaya nATaka se rUpakAtmaka yA pratIkAtmaka nATakoM kI praNAlI jaise saMskRta nATyakSetra meM nirmANa huI usI paddhati ke anusAra jainavidvAna padmasundara (akabara ke samakAlIna) ne jJAnacandrodaya, tathA vAdicandra ne jJAnasUryodaya, meghavijayagaNi ne yuktiprabodha, jaise nATaka likhakara, una ke dvArA jainamata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sAhitya ke vividha prakAroM dvArA jaina vicAradhArA kA pratipAdana karane ke prayatnoM meM dRzyakAvya yA nATaka kA bhI upayoga pratibhAzAlI jaina sAhityikoM ne kiyA hai| yazazcandra ke mudrita kumudacandra nATaka meM pAMca aMkoM meM jaina nyAya graMthoM meM bahucarcita strImukti kA viSaya cher3A gayA hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya, zarmAmRta jaise chAyAnATakoM tathA moharAjaparAjaya kA bhI isa prakAra ke jaina nATakoM meM nirdeza karanA ucita hogaa| 6 bauddha vAGmaya bauddha dharma viSayaka vAGmaya ko hI bauddha vAGmaya kahA jA sakatA hai| jaise vaidika dharma viSayaka vAGamaya ke vibhinna prakAra vaidika saMskRta bhASA meM nirmANa hue, usI prakAra bauddha dharma se saMbaMdhita vividha prakAra kA vAGmaya nirmANa huA aura use "bauddha vAGamaya" saMjJA AlocakoM ne dii| prAraMbha meM yaha vAGmaya pAlI bhASA meM vikasita huaa| bauddhoM ke "tripiTaka" pAlI bhASA meM hI nirmANa hue aura zrIlaMkA, brahmadeza ityAdi bhArata ke bAhara vAle dezoM meM bhI unheM mAnyatA prApta huii| bauddha mata ke hInayAna aura mahAyAna nAmaka do pramukha saMpradAya nirmANa hue| mahAyAna saMpradAya meM saMskRta bhASA kA upayoga hone lgaa| IsA kI dUsarI aura tIsarI sadI meM saMskRta bhASA kA mahattva sarvatra adhika mAtrA meM bar3hane lgaa| saMskRta bhASA ke vardhiSNu prabhAva ke kAraNa mahAyAnI bauddha vidvAnoM ne bhI saMskRta meM graMtharacanA kA AraMbha kiyaa| unake bahuta se graMtha "saMkarAtmaka saMskRta bhASA" meM nirmANa hue| bauddha saMpradAya ke graMthoM meM I. 2 rI zatI kA mahAvastu nAmaka hInayAna saMpradAya kA prasiddha vinayagraMtha hai, jisa meM bodhisatva kI dazabhUmi kA tathA bhagavAna buddha ke caritra kA pratipAdana, saMskArAtmaka mizra saMskRta meM huA hai| zuddha saMskRta bhASA meM bauddha dharmaviSayaka sAhitya nirmita karane vAloM meM azvaghoSa prabhRti mahAyAna kaviyoM evaM dArzanikoM kA yogadAna mahattvapUrNa hai| isake atirikta bauddha 'saMkara saMskRta' (nAmAntara gAthA saMskRta, bauddha saMskRta yA mizra saMskRta) bhASA meM bauddha vAGmaya nirmANa huaa| madhya bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM ke upara, saMskRta ke AropaNa tathA saMskRta kI vizeSatAoM ke samAveza se isa bauddha saMkara-saMskRta bhASA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| isake mUla meM prAkRta prayoga kA parityAga tathA saMskRta svIkAra kA prayAsa dikhAI detA hai| ejarTana jaise bhASA vaijJAnika isa bhASA kA pRthak astitva mAnate haiM, to luI reno Adi vidvAna ise saMskRta hI mAnate haiN| brAhmaNa evaM zramaNa saMskRti kA samanvaya isa bhASA ke mizra svarUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai| isa mizra saMskRta bhASA meM upalabdha katipaya racanAoM kA prAraMbha kAla IsA kI prathama zatI se bhI pUrva mAnA jAtA hai| mizra saMskRta kI kRtiyA~ prAyaH gadyapadyamayI haiM jina meM gadya bhAga bahudhA saMskRta meM evaM padya bhAga (gAthA) tatkAlIna madhyabhAratIya bhASAoM meM racita hai| gadyasaMskRta meM bauddha saMpradAya ke paramparAgata pAribhASika zabda vidyamAna haiN| zuddha saMskRta meM ina zabdoM kA paribhASika artha meM prayoga nahIM huaa| ina mizra saMskRta meM racita graMthoM meM mahAvastu, lalitavistAra, saddharmapuNDarIka, jAtakamAlA, avadAnazataka, divyAvadAna Adi graMtha vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| kAlidAsAdi saMskRta kaviyoM kI paramparA meM zRMgArikatA ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| bauddha saMskRta kAvyoM meM zAnta rasa ko agrasthAna diyA gayA hai| azvaghoSa ke donoM mahAkAvyoM meM saMbhoga evaM vipralaMbha zRMgAra kA darzana hotA hai paraMtu vaha zRMgAra, kAvya meM zAMtarasa ke pravAha meM pravAhita hotA hai| zAMtarasa aura karuNA, tyAga, dayA jaise udAta bhAvoM kA prAdhAnya bauddha kAvyoM kI anokhI vizeSatA hai| mahAyAna saMpradAya kA lalitavistara nAmaka graMtha (jisameM bhagavAn buddha kI lIlAo kA varNana kiyA hai|) saMskRta vAGmaya koza-graMthakAra khaNDa/199 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAraMbhika bauddha saMskRta vAGmaya meM mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| azvaghoSakRta buddhacarita, saundaranaMda mahAkAvya aura sArIputta prakaraNa nAmaka nATyagraMtha kA bauddha dharma ke pracAra kArya meM vizeSa yogadAna hai| saundaranaMda meM buddha kA bhAI naMda bauddhadharmI hone kI kathA varNita hai aura sArIputta prakaraNa meM sArIputta ora modgalAyana ke bauddhadharma svIkAra kI ghaTanA citrita hai buddhacarita aura saudaranaMda mahAkAvya ke kAraNa prAcIna saMskRta mahAkaviyoM meM azvaghoSa ko agrapUjA kA mAna diyA jAtA hai| paraMtu ina tIna kAvya graMthoM ke atirikta 1) mahAyAna zraddhotpAdazAstra, 2) sUtrAlaMkAra aura 3 ) vajrasUcI (nAmAntara vajracchedikA yA kasUcikopaniSada) jaise dArzanika maitha, gaNDIstotragAthA nAmaka gItikAvya, sAriputraprakaraNa nAmaka nATyagraMtha aura rASTrapAla, urvazIviyoga tathA rUpakAveza (do bhAga) ina graMthoM kA kartA, azvaghoSa ko hI mAnA gayA hai| mahAyAna zraddhotpAdazAstra mUla saMskRta meM saMprati anupalabdha hai kintu paramArthakRta cInI rUpAntara ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| isa rUpAntara para AdhRta, isake do aMgrejI anuvAda ho cuke haiN| sUtrAlaMkAra yA sUtrAlaMkArazAstra gadyapadyAtmaka kathAkAvya hai| yaha bhI kumArajIvakRta cInI anuvAda (I. 5 vIM zatI) ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| isameM rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata ke ullekha yatra tatra milate haiN| 1 vajrasUcI (yA vajrasUcikopaniSad) :- isa graMtha meM vaidika dharma kI varNavyavasthA evaM jAtibheda kA prakhara khaMDana kiyA hai kucha vidvAna dharmakIrti ko isake raciyatA mAnate haiM kintu lokamAnya tilaka, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise vidvAn azvaghoSa ko hI isake racitayA mAnate haiN| gaNDIstomagAthA meM samdharA chaMdobaddha 29 zlokoM meM buddha evaM saMgha kI stuti kI hai| (gaNDI yAne eka prakAra kA suDaula kASThakhaMDa, jisake dvArA pITa kara zabda utpanna kiyA jAtA hai) / I. prathama zatI meM kAzmIra kI rAjadhAnI meM bauddhoM kI saMgIti kA caturtha adhivezana huaa| isake adhyakSa the vastumitra aura upAdhyakSa the mahAkavi azvaghoSa / saMgIti dvArA tripiTakoM para mahAvibhASA nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI gaI aura bauddhadarzana ke pratipAdanArtha saMskRta bhASA kA svIkAra huaa| I. 11 vIM zatI meM dIpaMkara zrIjJAna nAmaka bauddha AcArya tibbata meM nimaMtrita hue / unhoMne tibbatI bhASA meM saikar3oM saMskRta graMthoM ke anuvAda krvaaye| "kaMjUra" nAmaka sthAna meM buddhavacanAtmaka graMthoM kA aura "taMjUra" meM darzana, kAvya, vaidyaka, jyotiSa, taMtra ityAdi viSayoM ke graMthoM kA saMgraha, bustona nAmaka tibbatI vidvAna ne kiyA hai| ina tibbatI anuvAdoM ke kAraNa saMskRta ke aneka naSTa graMthoM kA patA calAtA hai| mahAyAnI graMthoM meM aSTasAhisrikA prajJApAramitA, saddharmapuNDarIka, lalitavistara laMkAvatArasUtra, suvarNaprabhAsa, gaMDavyUha, tathAgataguhyaka, samAdhirAja aura dazabhUmIzvara ina nau graMthoM kA mahatva vizeSa mAnA gayA hai| nepAlI bauddhoM meM inako "navadharma" kahate haiN| saddharmapuNDarIka kI racanA I. prathama zatAbdI meM mAnI jAtI hai| isa graMtha meM 27 adhyAya haiM aura unameM bhagavAn tathAgata evaM bodhisatva avalokitezvara kI mahimA kA varNana hai| prajJApAramitA graMtha meM zUnyatA evaM prajJA ina mahAbAnoM ke mukhya siddhAntoM kA vivecana milatA hai| nepAlI paraMparAnusAra isa graMtha kI zloka saMkhyA savAlAkha thI / vidyamAna graMtha meM ATha hajAra zloka hone ke kAraNa, use " aSTasAhasrikA prajJApAramitA" nAma diyA gayA hai| laMkAvatArasUtra meM bhagavAn buddha ne laMkAdhIza rAvaNa ko jo upadeza diyA usameM "vijJAna" hI ekamAtra satya hai vijJAna ke atirikta vastuoM kI koI sattA nahIM, yaha siddhAnta pratipAdana kiyA hai| bauddhoM ke sUtragraMthoM meM samAdhirAja sUtra meM yogAcAra kA aura suvarNaprabhAsUtra meM bhagavAn buddha ke dharmakArya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai vaibhASika saMpradAya ke graMthoM meM abhidharmajJAna, prasthAnazAstra, abhidharmakoza, vasubaMdhukRta samayapradIpikA ullekhanIya haiN| yogAcAra saMpradAya meM madhyAntavibhAga (maitreya kRta) tathA Arya asaMgakRta mahAyAnasUtrAlaMkAra, mahAyAnasaMparigraha diGnAgakRta pramANasamuccaya, nyAyapraveza, dharmakIrtikRta pramANavArtika aura nyAyaviMdu nAgArjunakRta mAdhyamika zAstra, zAMtarakSitakRta tattvasaMgraha mahattvapUrNa dArzanika graMtha haiN| inake atirikta dazabhUmivibhASAzAstra nAmaka graMtha mahAyAna darzana kA vizvakoSa mAnA jAtA hai| stotra evaM sUtra prAraMbhika bauddhakAvya pradhAnatayA jJAnaniSTha kintu bhAvahIna thA / yathAvasAra mahAyAna saMpradAya ne bhagavAn buddha ko ArAdhya devatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| "buddha saraNaM gacchAmi " isa zaraNAgati vacana kA anupAlana buddha kI arcanA se hone lgaa| sAmAnyataH I. pU. dvitIya zatI meM (jaba kRSNopAsaka saMpradAya kA vikAsa ho rahA thA) buddhabhakti tathA buddhopAsanA kA bhI vikAsa hone lgaa| kAlAntara meM bauddha dharma, zaiva tathA tAMtrika saMpradAyoM se adhika prabhAvita huaa| evaM bhAgavata zaiva aura tAMtrika saMpradAyoM tathA bhagavadgItokta bhaktiyoga ke prabhAva ke kAraNa mahAyAna bauddha saMpradAya meM bhaktiyoga yA bhaktimArga kA prasAra hotA gyaa| isa bhakti ke keMdrabiMdu bhagavAn buddha eka aitihAsika vibhUti the bauddhadharma mUlataH jJAnavAdI tathA karmapradhAna hote hue bhI, utarakAlIna buddhAnuyAyiyoM ne "buddhaM zaraNaM gacchAmi' isa vacana ke anusAra usa mahanIya aitihAsika vibhUti kI ananya bhAva se zaraNAgati svIkAra kI, jisake kAraNa bauddhavAGmaya meM bhaktibhAvapUrNa stotra kAvya kA vikAsa huaa| bauddha upAsakoM ke bhaktipUrNa stotrakAvyoM 200 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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se mUlataH nirIzvaravAdI bauddhadharma kI IzvaravAdI dharma meM pariNati dikhAI detI hai| bauddhoM ke buddhezvaravAda yA buddhabhaktimArga kA pracAra bhArata kI apekSA cIna, tibbata, jApAna Adi dezoM meM adhika huaa| mahAvastu, lalitavistara, azvaghoSa kA buddhacarita mahAkAvya tathA mAtRceTa Adi mahanIya lekhakoM ke sAhitya meM abhivyakta buddhabhakti kA vistAra bauddha stotrakAvyoM meM paryApta mAtrA meM dikhAI detA hai| veM stotrakAra tathA unake stotrakAvya avazya ullekhanIya haiM jaise :stotrakAra stotrakAvya nAgArjuna (zUnyavAda ke pradhAna pratiSThApaka) 1) catuHstava 2) niraupamyastava, 3) acintyastava / harSavardhana (I.7 vIM zatI) 1) suprabhAtastotra (zloka 24) 2) aSTamahAzrIcaityastotra / vajradatta (I.9 vIM zatI) lokezvarazataka (phreMca meM anuvAdita) amRtAnaMda nepAlIya devatAkalyANa paMcaviMzatikA / sarvajJa mizra (kAzmIravAsI) (I. 8 vIM zatI) AryatArA-sragdharAstotra / (tArA avalokitezvara kI strI-rupa pratimUrti haiN|) zlokasaMkhyA . 73, tArAdevI se saMbaMdhita stotroM kI kula saMkhyA 96 batAI jAtI hai unameM se 62 stotroM ke tibbatI anuvAda ho cuke haiN| candragomI tArAsAdhakazataka rAmacandra kavibhAratI (13 vIM zatI) bhaktizataka nAgArjuna :- zUnyavAdI stotrakAroM meM nAgArjuna kA vyaktitva atyaMta prabhAvI thaa| unhoMne bauddha saMskRta sAhitya meM bharapUra yogadAna diyA hai kintu ina kI racanAe~ bhArata ke bAhara cIna, maMgoliyA, tibbata Adi dezoM meM anuvAdarUpa meM adhika prasiddha haiN| nAgArjuna kA caritra evaM vyaktitva eka vivAdya viSaya huA hai| inake dvArA racita graMthoM ke nAma haiM : mAdhyamikakArikA, dazabhUmivibhASAzAstra, mahAprajJApAramitAsUtrakArikA, upAyakauzalya, pramANavidhvaMsana, vigrahavyAvartinI, catuHstava, yuktiSaSTikA, zUnyatAsaptati, pratItyamutpAdahRdaya, mahAyAnaviMzaka aura suttlekh| ina 12 racanAoM meM 'catuHstava' hI eka mAtra stotra kAvya hai, anya sabhI mAdhyamikoM ke zUnyavAda se saMbaMdhita mahatvapUrNa dArzanika racanAeM haiN| mAdhyamikakArikA (zlokasaMkhyA 400) para nAgArjuna ne svayaM "akutobhayA" nAmaka TIkA likhI thI, jisakA tibbatI anuvAda surakSita hai| Aryadeva : Apa nAgArjuna ke pradhAna ziSya evaM uttarAdhikArI the| kiMvadantI ke anusAra apanA eka netra kisI vRkSadevatA ko samarpaNa karane ke kAraNa inheM 'kANadeva' kahate haiM tathA bhagavAn ziva ko eka netra samarpaNa karane kAraNa inheM 'nIlanetra' kahate the| kumArajIva (I. 5 vIM zatI) (jo saMskRta graMthoM ke cInI anuvAdaka ke nAte vAGmayIna kSetra meM prasiddha haiM) ne ina ke jIvanacarita kA cInI anuvAda kiyA hai| Aryadeva kI ina racanAoM meM catuHzataka, mAdhyamika hastavAlaprakaraNa, skhalitapramathana, yuktihetusiddhi aura jJAnasArasamuccaya ye cAra zAstrIya racanAeM zUnyavAdaviSayaka haiM aura caryAmelApanapradIpa, citAvaraNavizodhana, catuHpIThataMtraraja, catuHpIThasAdhana, jJAnaDAkinIsAdhana aura ekadrumapaMjikA ye chaH racanAeM taMtrazAstra se saMbaddha haiN| bhAvaviveka :- inakI 4 kRtiyA~ prasiddha haiM : 1). mAdhyamikakArikA vyAkhyA, 2) madhyamahRdayakArikA, 3) madhyamArthasaMgraha aura 4) hastaratna inake cInI aura tibbatI bhASAoM meM sunavAdamAtra meM vidyamAna haiN| candrakIrti :- (I. chaThavIM zatI) racanAe~ : 1) mAdhyamikAvatAra, 2) prasannapadA (nAgArjuna kI mAdhyamikakArikA kI vyAkhyA) 3) catuHzatakaTIkA (AryadevakRta catuHzataka kI ttiikaa)| zAntideva :- racanAeM : 1) zikSAsamuccaya (kArikAsaMkhyA 27) / isa para lekhaka ne vyAkhyA bhI likhI hai| 2) sUtrasamuccaya aura 3) bodhicaryAvatAra jisa ke 9 pariccheda haiM aura jisa para 11 TIkAeM likhI gii| ina TIkAoM ke kevala tibbatI anuvAda upalabdha haiN| bodhicaryAvatAra meM zAtideva kI AtyaMtika bhAvukatA kA paricaya milatA hai| zAntarakSita :- I. 8 vIM shtii| tibbata meM 'sammevihAra" nAmaka sarva prathama bauddhavihAra kI sthApanA karane kA zreya inhIM ko diyA jAtA hai| inakI ekamAtra racanA, tattvasaMgraha hai, jisa para unake ziSya kamalazIla ne TIkA likhI hai| .. azvaghoSa ke paravartI bauddha sAhityikoM meM Aryadeva, nAgArjuna aura kumAralAta pramukha mAne jAte haiN| kumAralAta kA samaya I. dvitIya zatI tathA nivAsasthAna takSazilA mAnA jAtA hai| ye sautrAntika saMpradAyI the| inake kalpanAmaMDatikA-dRSTAnta-paGkti (nAmAntara kalpanAmaMDatikA yA kalpanAlaMkRtikA) nAmaka grantha meM kavikalpanA se maMDita dRSTAntoM evaM kathAoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| isa graMtha kA cInI bhASA meM anuvAda ho cukA hai| DaoN. lUDarsa ne prastuta graMtha kA anuvAda kiyaa| prAcIna kAla meM cInI bhASAmeM isakA anuvAda ho cukA hai| DaoN. lUDarsane prastuta graMtha ko prakAza meM laayaa| kaniSka ke samaya meM mAtRceTa nAmaka bauddha kavi ne 70 zlokoM kA eka buddha stotra likhaa| kahate haiM ki mAtRceTa ne saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 201 For Private and Personal Use Only

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apanA zarIra kSudhAta vyAghrI ko samarpaNa karane para pravAhita nijI rakta se isa stotra ko likhaa| mAtRceTa ko mahArAjA kaniSka ne apanI sabhA meM nimaMtrita karane para unhoMne vArdhakya ke kAraNa apanI asamarthatA eka kAvyAtmaka patradvArA nivedita kii| 185 zlokoM kA yaha saMskRta patrakAvya mUla rupa meM aprApya hai kintu isakA tibatI anuvAda surakSita hai| tibbata ke taMjUra nAmaka graMthAlaya meM mAtRceTa ke nAma se, varNanArhavarNana, samyakbuddhalakSaNastotra, triratnamaMgalastotra, ekottarIstotra, sugatapaMcatriratnastotra, triratnastotra, mizrakastotra, caturviparyayakathA, kaliyugaparikathA, AryatArAdevIstotra, sarvArthasAdhanAstotraratna evaM maticitranIti nAmaka graMthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| inake atirikta catuHzataka aura arghyazataka (zlokasaMkhyA 153) ina do utkRSTa stotroM ke kAraNa bauddha jagat meM mAtRceTa eka zreSTha stotrakAra mAne jAte haiN| arghyazataka ke tibbatI anuvAda kA punazca saMskRta rUpAMtara kiyA gayA, jisakA nAma hai "zatapaMcAzikA stotr"| gata zata varSoM meM em. e. sTIla; e. grena veMDala; e.vAna. le. kAga; silvA~ levI, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise zreSTha gaveSakoM ne mAtRceTa kI racanAoM ko prakAza meM laayaa| inakI mUla saMskRta racanAeM aprApya hai, kintu tibbatI cInI Adi bAhya bhASAoM meM unake anuvAda surakSita haiN| AryazUra :- yaha eka aise pratibhAsampanna bauddha paMDita the jinhoMne bodhisattva (arthAt bhAvI buddha) kI kAvyamaya janmakathAoM ko apanI jAtakamAlA (yA bodhisattvAvadAnamAlA) meM grathita kiyaa| isa graMtha meM 34 jAtakoM kA saMgraha hai| inameM se katipaya jAtaka pAli jAtakoM para AdhRta haiN| AryazUra kI bhASAzailI azvaghoSa ke samAna pariSkRta hone ke kAraNa azvaghoSa aura AryazUra ko abhinna mAnate haiN| isa graMtha ke tibbatI aura cInI bhASA meM anuvAda ho cuke haiN| cInI anuvAda kA samaya I. 90 se 12 vIM zatI ke bIca kA mAnA jAtA hai| buddhaghoSaracita padyacUDAmaNi nAmaka dasa sargoM kA buddhacaritrAtmaka graMtha san 1921 meM kuppusvAmI zAstrI dvArA prakAzita huA hai| vaibhASika AryacandrakRta 'maitreyavyAkaraNa' nAmaka graMtha ke tibbatI, cIna Adi bhASAoM meM anuvAda surakSita haiN| isake cInI anuvAda se jarmana tathA tokhAriyana bhASA meM anuvAda hue haiN| prastuta graMtha meM bhAvI buddha maitreya ke janma, svarUpa aura svargIya jIvana kA varNana kiyA hai| maddharmapuNDarIka (nAmAntara vaipulyasUtrarAja) :- I. prathama zatAbdI meM racita mahAyAna saMpradAya kA eka mahanIya sUtra graMtha hai| bauddha sAhitya meM sUtta zabda kA artha suta athavA sUkta hai| "alpAkSaramasaMdigdhaM sAravad vizvatomukham" isa suprasiddha kArikA meM 'sUtra' zabda kA jo pAribhASika artha hai, vaha bauddha sAhitya meM nahIM mAnA jaataa| yaha graMtha parivarta nAmaka 27 vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai| eziyA tathA yUropa kI prAyaH sabhI zreSTha bhASAoM meM isakA anuvAda ho cukA hai| DaoN. rAmamohana dAsa ke hindI anuvAda tathA vizada bhUmikA sahita rASTrabhASA pariSad (bihAra) dvArA isakA prakAzana huA hai| isameM buddhabhakti, unakI mUrti tathA stUpa kI pUjA Adi kI apekSA yogika kriyAoM para kama bala diyA jAtA hai| samIkSakoM kI mAnyatA hai ki yaha graMtha bhAgavata saMpradAya, vedAnta darzana evaM bhagavadgItA se pUrNa prabhAvita hai| isameM buddha kA vahI rUpa parilakSita hotA hai, jo bhAgavata saMpradAya meM zrIkRSNa kaa| zAnta, adbhuta evaM bhakti rasa kA isameM pUrNa paripAka huA hai| prajJApAramitAsUtra :- isa graMtha meM mahAyAna saMpradAya kA dArzanika siddhAnta pakSa prakAzita huA hai| isake zatasAhasrikA, paMcavizatisAhasrikA, aSTAdazasAhasrikA evaM dazasAhasrikA, sArdhadvisAhasrikA tathA saptazatikA nAmaka vividha saMskaraNa upalabdha hote haiN| inameM aSTasAhasrikA (27 parivoM meM vibhakta) sarvAdhika prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai aura anya saMskaraNa isI ke vikasita evaM saMkSipta rUpa mAne jAte haiN| prajJApAramitA kA vAcya artha hai (prajJA = jJAna aura pAramitA = pUrNatA arthAt zUnyatA viSayaka paripUrNajJAna) / ina sUtroM (arthAt sUktoM) meM SaT pAramitAoM (dAna, zIla, dhairya, vIrya, dhyAna evaM prajJA) kI vivecanA huI hai| dazabhUmIzvarasUtra :- bauddha paribhASA meM vividha "avataMsakasUtra" upalabdha hote haiM jinameM gaNDavyUha (mahAyAna) sUtra tathA dazabhUmIzvara (yA dazabhUmika) sUtra kA antarbhAva hotA hai| isakA varNya viSaya hai una daza bhUmiyoM kI vivecanA, jinake dvArA samyak saMbodhi prApta kI jAtI hai| isI ke samAna bodhisatva bhUmiyoM kA pratipAdana karanevAlA eka anya grantha hai jisakA nAma hai "dshbhuumikleshcchedikaasuutr"| isakA cInI anuvAda I. prathama zatI meM huaa| avataMsaka sUtra ke samAna 'ratnakUTa' nAmaka sUtra samuccayAtmaka graMtha mahAyAna saMpradAya meM nirmANa hue| isa sUtrasamuccaya meM bRhatsukhAvatIvyUha, akSobhyavyUha, maMjuzrIbuddha-kSetra- guNavyUha, kAzyapaparivarta, akSayamatiparipRcchA, ugraparipRcchA, rASTrapAlaparipRcchA Adi aneka sUtra upalabdha hote haiN| kAraNDakavyUha sUtra meM paurANika paddhati ke anusAra buddha avalokitezvara kI bhakti kA pratipAdana tathA maMtra taMtra kA darzana milatA hai| "OM maNipardo hum" isa prakhyAta SaDakSarI bauddha maMtra kA prathama ullekha isI graMtha meM milatA hai| laMkAvatArasUtra (yA saddharmalaMkAvatAra sUtra) meM daza parivAroM meM rAkSasarAja rAvaNa evaM tathAgata ke saMvAda meM zUnyavAda ke pratikUla vijJAnavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isameM mAMsAhAra ke niSedha kI carcA sarvaprathama huI hai| isa graMtha meM isa bAta para 202 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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vizeSa bala diyA hai ki, samasta gocara padArtha ayathArtha, pratibhAsAtmaka yA vikalpAtmaka haiN| cit mAtra hI satya hai, jo nirAbhAsa evaM nirvikalpa hai| suvarNaprabhAsUtra eka paMdraha parivartoM kA mahAyAna graMtha hai| isake dhArmika evaM dArzanika siddhAntaparaka do bhAga haiN| jApAna meM isa graMtha kI mahatI khyAtI hai| jApAna ke adhipati zokotu ne isakI pratiSThApanA ke nimitta bhavya bauddha maMdira nirmANa krvaayaa| rASTrapAlaparipRcchA (yA rASTrapAlasUtra) meM AcArabhraSTa bauddha bhikSuoM ke zithila evaM dAMbhika caritra kA savistara prakAzana huA hai| ratnakUTa ke antargata ugraparipRcchA, udayanavatsarAja-paripRcchA, upAliparipRcchA, candrottarAdArikA-paripRcchA, vimalazraddhA-dArikA-paripRcchA, sumatidArikA-paripRcchA, akSayamatiparipRcchA Adi aneka paripRcchAsUtra ullekhaniya haiN| 7 dhAraNIsUtra 'dhAraNI' zabda kA ullekha prathamataH lalitavistara tathA saddharmapuNDarIka meM huA hai| yaha zabda rakSAyaMtra (tAbIja athavA maMtrasUtra) ke artha meM yatra tatra vyavahRta huA hai| nepAla meM 'paMcarakSA' nAmaka paMca dhAriNiyoM kA saMgraha adhika pracalita hai| vahAM nyAyAlayoM meM paMcarakSA kI saugandha khAne kI prathA hai| ina paMca dhAriNiyoM meM sammohana evaM vazIkaraNa kI atulanIya zakti mAnI jAtI haiN| inake nAma hai : 1) mahApratisarA 2) mahAsahasrapramardinI, 3) mahAmayUrI, 4) mahAzitavatI aura 5) mhaamNtraanusaarinnii| dhAraNIsUtroM ke antargata gaNapatidhAraNI, nIlakaMThadhAraNI, mahApratyaMgirAdhAraNI jaise graMtha bhArata tathA bhAratabAhya dezoM meM prasiddha haiN| bhagavAn buddha ne jisa paMcazIla-pradhAna aura AryasatyavAdI aSTAMgika mArgI dharmamata kA pratipAdana kiyA, usameM Age calakara vividha saMpradAya nirmANa hue| ina saMpradAyoM ko 'nikAya' kahate haiN| samrATa azoka ke samaya taka bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM 18 nikAya pravartita hue the| ina nikAyoM ke graMthoM meM vicAra aura AcAra meM bheda dikhAI dete haiN| pramukha nikAyoM kI nAmAvali isa prakAra hai : 1) sthiviravAdI (nAmAntara theravAdI yA vaibhASika) - buddhanirvANa ke 300 varSoM bAda kAtyAyanIputra ne jJAnaprasthAnazAstra nAmaka graMtha meM isa atiprAcIna nikAya ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| vasubaMdhu kRta abhidharmakoza meM bhI isa mata kI vicAra praNAlI kA pratipAdana milatA hai| 2) mahIzAsaka 3) sarvAstivAdI : mahArAjA kaniSka isake AzrayadAtA the| paMjAba tathA uttara meM isakA pracAra huaa| isa nikAya ne dharmagraMthoM kI nirmiti ke lie pAlI bhASA ko tyAga kara saMskRta ko apnaayaa| 4) haimaavt| 5) vAtsIputrIya : isa nikAya kA pracAra madhyabhArata ke avaMtI pradeza meM huA thaa| mahArAjA harSa kI bhaginI rAjyazrI ne isa saMpradAya ko prazraya diyA thaa| 6) dharmaguptika : cIna tathA madhya eziyA meM isakA vizeSa pracAra huA 7) kAzyapIya 8) sautrAMtika : (nAmAntara-saMkrAMtivAdI) 1) mahAsAMghika : isa saMpradAya kA pramANa graMtha hai mahAvastu / pATalIputra (paTanA) aura vaizAlI meM isa saMpradAya ke kendra the| 10) bahuzrutIya : mahAsAMghika paMtha kI upazAkhA / 11) caityaka : mahAsAMghika paMtha kI isa upazAkhA ke saMsthApaka the mahAdeva / yaha paMtha buddha aura bodhisatva ko devasvarUpa mAnatA hai| 12) mAdhyamika : (nAmAntara zUnyavAdI) - isa saMpradAya ke matapratipAdana ke hetu nAgArjuna ne aneka graMtha likhe| 13) yogAcAra : (vijJAnavAdI) - isa saMpradAya ke pravartaka the maitrey| isakA pramANa graMtha hai laMkAvatArasUtra / bodhiprApti ke lie yogasAdhanA kA vizeSa mahattva yogAcAra meM mAnA gayA hai| isI saMpradAya meM maMtrayAna, vajrayAna aura sahajayAna ityAdi tAMtrika upasaMpradAya nirmANa hue| maitreya kRta madhyAntavibhAga, abhisamayAlaMkAra, sUtrAlaMkAra, mahAyAna uttarataMtra, evaM dharmadharmatAvibhaMga isa saMpradAya ke mahattvapUrNa graMtha haiN| diGnAga, dharmakIrti aura dharmapAla isa paMtha ke pramukha paMDita the| ina saMpradAyoM ke atirikta nepAla meM cAra bauddha saMpradAya pracalita haiM : 1) svAbhAvika 2) aizvarika 3) kArmika aura 4) yaatrik| IsA kI prathama zatI se bauddha samAja meM zaiva mata ke prabhAva ke kAraNa tAMtrika sAdhanA kA pracAra hone lgaa| sukhAvatIvyUha, amitAyuSasUtra, maMjuzrIkalpa tathAgataguhyakataMtra Adi graMthoM meM bauddhoM kI tAMtrika sAdhanA kA paricaya milatA hai| bauddhoM ke vijJAnavAda ke anusAra vijJAna (arthAt cit mana, buddhi) ke kAraNa, sAMsArika padArthoM kI asatyatA kI pratIti hotI hai; ataH usa 'vijJAna' ko satya mAnanA cAhie isa mata ke pratiSThApaka the maitreya (yA maitreyanAtha) jinhoMne aneka graMthoM kA nirmANa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 203 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kiyA thA kintu unameM se 1) mahAyAnasUtrAlaMkAra 2) dharmadharmatAvibhaMga, 3) mahAyAnautarataMtra, 4) madhyAntavibhaMga aura 5) abhisamayAlaMkArikA ye pAMca graMtha tibbatI aura cInI anuvAda ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| yogAcArasaMpradAya ke zreSTha AcArya AryaasaMga (I. 4 thI zatI) ne 1) mahAyAnasaMparigraha, 2) mahAyAnasUtrAlaMkAra, 3) prakaraNaAryavAcA, 4) yogAcArabhUmizAstra (athavA saptadazabhUmizAstra) nAmaka pAMDityapUrNa graMtha nirmANa kara, yogAcAra mata kI pratiSThApanA kI thii| saptadazabhUmizAstra kA laghu aMza bodhisattvabhUmi nAma se saMskRta meM upalabdha hai| zeSa graMtha cInI tibbatI anuvAdoM ke rUpa meM surakSita hai| I. cauthI zatI ke mahApaMDita vasubaMdhu (AryaasaMga ke anuja) sarvAstivAda ke pratiSThApaka the| inake abhidharmakoSa ke kAraNa tibbata, cIna, japAna Adi dezoM meM bauddha dharma pratiSThita huaa| vasubaMdhu ne 1) saddharmapuNDarIka-TIkA 2) mahAparinirvANa-TIkA, 3) vajracchedikAprajJApAramitA-TIkA aura 4) vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi nAmaka cAra graMtha mahAyAna saMpradAya ke lie likhe aura hInayAna saMpradAya ke lie 1) paramArthasaptati, 2) tarkazAstra, 3) vAdavidhi aura 4) abhidharmakoza (kArikAsaMkhyA 6 sau) nAmaka cAra graMtha likhe| inameM abhidharmakoSa sAre bauddha saMpradAyoM meM mAnyatA prApta graMtha hai| isa para sthiramati kA tattvArthabhASya, diGnAga kI marmapradIpavRtti, yazomitra kI sphuTArthI, puNyavarman kI lakSaNAnusAriNI, zAntasthaviradeva kI aupayikI tathA guNamati evaM vasumitra Adi kI TIkAeM ullekhanIya haiN| svayaM vasubaMdhu ne bhI abhidharmakozabhASya nAmaka TIkA graMtha kI racanA kI thI, jisakA saMpAdana pro. pralhAda pradhAna dvArA jAyasavAla risarca insTiTyUTa, paTanA se huA hai| vasubandhu ke graMtha bhI cInI, tibbatI aura jApAnI anuvAdoM ke rUpa meM surakSita haiN| vasubandhu ke samakAlIna saMghabhadra unake pratispardhI the| inhoMne apane abhidharmanyAyAnusAra (prakaraNasaMkhyA-ATha) tathA abhidharmasamayadIpikA meM vasubandhu ke matoM kA khaNDana kara vaibhASikamata kA punaruddhAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vasubandhu ke ziSyotama sthiramati ne kAzyapa parivartaTIkA, sutrAlaMkAravRttibhASya, triMzikAbhASya, paMcaskandhaprakaraNabhASya, abhidharmakozabhASyavRtti, mUlamAdhyamikakArikAvRti, madhyAntavibhAgasUtrabhASyaTIkA, ina sAta TIkAtmaka graMthoM dvArA apane guru ke siddhAntoM ko vizada karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vasubandhu ke dUsare ziSyottama diGnAgAcArya kA nAma bauddha vAGmaya meM prasiddha hai| zAntarakSita, dharmakIrti, kamalazIla, aura zaMkarasvAmI sadRza vidvAn inakI ziSyaparaMparA meM the| inake graMthoM kI kula saMkhyA lagabhaga eka sau mAnI jAtI hai jinameM 1) pramANasamuccaya 2) pramANasamuccayavRtti 3) nyAyapraveza, 4) hetucakraDamaru, 5) pramANazAstranyAyapraveza, 6) AlaMbanaparIkSA, 7) AlaMbanaparIkSAvRtti, 8) trikAlaparIkSA aura 9) marmapradIpavRtti nAmaka dArzanika graMtha suprasiddha haiN| ina graMthoM ke dvArA bauddhanyAya ko vyavasthita svarUpa pradAna kiyA gyaa| diGnAgAcArya ke graMtha cInI aura tibbatI anuvAdoM ke rUpa meM surakSita haiN| diGnAga ke ziSya zaMkarasvAmI ke hetuvidyAnyAyapraveza, aura 'nyAyapravezatarkazAstra' nAmaka do graMtha ullekhanIya haiN| dharmapAla, nAlaMdA mahAvihAra ke kulapati the| zUnyavAda ke vyAkhyAtA dharmakIrti zIlabhadra (havenasAMga ke guru) inake ziSya the| inake dvArA likhita 1) AlaMbanapratyavadhAnazAstra 2) vijJaptimAtratAsiddhivyAkhyA aura 3) zatazAstravyAkhyA ye tIna graMtha TIkAsvarUpa haiN| dharmakIrti ne bauddhanyAyaviSayaka pramANavArtika, pramANavinizcaya, nyAyabiMdu, sambandhaparIkSA, hetubindu, vAdanyAya aura santAnAntarasiddhi nAmaka sAta graMthoM kI racanA kI jinameM pramANavArtika (zlokasaMkhyA 15 sau) sarvotkRSTa mAnA jAtA hai| isa graMtha para aneka TIkAe~ saMskRta tathA tibbatI bhASA meM likhI gaI haiM jinameM se manorathanandIkRta TIkA prakAza meM A sakI hai| cAndravyAkaraNa ke praNetA candragomI (I. 5-6 zatI) ne stutikAvya tathA nATakoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| rAjataraMgiNI meM inheM vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya kA punaruddhAraka mAnA gayA hai| cAndravyAkaraNa ke atirikta inhoMne 1) ziSyalekhadharmakAvya, 2) AryasAdhanazataka 3) AryAtArantarabalividhi aura lokAnanda nAmaka nATaka kI racanA kI hai| uparinirdiSTa dArzanika AcAryoM evaM kaviyoM ke atirikta dharmajAta (bhAvanAnyathAtvavAdapravartaka) bhadantaghoSa (lakSaNAnyathAtvavAdapravartaka), vasumitra (avasthAnyathAtvavAda ke pravartaka) sautrAntika buddhadeva (anyathAtvavAda ke pravartaka) zrIlAbha (sautrAntikavibhASA pravartaka), yazomitra (sphuTArthA vyAkhyAkAra) Adi AcAryoM ke nAma bauddhavAGmaya kI samIkSA meM ullekhanIya haiN| bauddhoM ke kAvya graMthoM meM buddha, bodhisattva (bhAvI buddha) tathA unake anya vividha rUpoM kI kathAoM kA hI nirdeza hotA hai| buddhokta dharma, karma evaM darzana kA saMgama ina kAvyoM meM sarvatra dikhAI detA hai| isI kAraNa zAstra aura kAvya kA suMdara sAhacarya inameM parilakSita hotA hai| bauddha darzana ke mUlAdhAra viSayoM (citta, cetasika nirvANa, zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJA) athavA usake mUlabhUta siddhAntoM (cAra AryasatyoM pratItyasamutpAda, anAtmavAda, evaM anityavAda Adi) kI sahaja samIkSA, vyaktitva nirmANa paraka bauddhakAcyoM meM bahudhA huI hai| dArzanika jagat meM bauddha kAvyakAroM kA yogadAna nizcaya hI stutya hai| ina samasta bauddha kRtiyoM meM jAtivAda, zAstravAda, daivavAda, ativAda Adi kA prabala virodha lakSita hotA hai| bhagavAna buddha ne paramparAgata samAja jIvana ko navIna DhAMce meM DhAlane kA prayAsa kiyA thA aura yahI ina bauddha saMskRta kRtiyoM meM pratiphalita bhI huA hai| 204/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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8 dArzanika vicAra bauddhamata ke jina dArzanika vicAroM kI abhivyakti saddharmapuNDarIka, prajJApAramitAsUtra, ganDavyUhasUtra, dazabhUmikasUtra, ratnakUTa, samAdhirAjasUtra sukhAvatIvyUha, suvarNaprabhAsUtra tathA laMkAvatArasUtra ina mahAyAnI saMskRta graMthoM meM huI hai, una kA saMkSepataH svarUpa nimnaprakAra kahA jA sakatA hai: - 1 (1) pratItyasamutpAdaH pratItya' arthAt kisI vastu kI prApti hone para 'samutpAda' yAne anya vastu kI utpati ise "kAraNavAda" bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra bAhya aura mAnasa saMsAra kI jitanI bhI ghaTanAeM hotI haiM, unakA kucha nA kucha kAraNa avazya hotA hai| ataH vastueM anitya haiN| unakI utpatti anya padArtho se hotI hai| unakA pUrNa vinAza nahIM hotA aura unakA kucha kArya yA pariNAma avazya raha jAtA hai| pratItyasamutpAda kA siddhAnta madhyamamArgI hai| isameM na to pUrNa nityavAda aura na pUrNa vinAzavAda kA aMgIkAra hai / pratItya samutpAda ke dvArA karmavAda kI pratiSThA hotI hai, jisa ke anusAra manuSya kA vartamAna jIvana, pUrva jIvana ke karmoM kA hI pariNAma hai aura vartamAna jIvana kA bhAvI jIvana ke sAtha saMbaMdha lagA huA hai| karmavAda yaha batalAtA hai ki vartamAna jIvana meM jo bhI karma hama kareMge una kA phala bhAvI jIvana meM hameM prApta hogaa| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kSaNikavAda :- saMsAra kI sabhI vastueM kisI kAraNa se utpanna hotI haiM ataH kAraNa ke naSTa hone para usa vastu kA bhI nAza hotA hai| kSaNika vAda isa se bhI Age jA kara kahatA hai ki kisI bhI vastu kA astitva kucha kAla taka bhI nahIM rahatA / vaha kevala eka kSaNa ke lie hI rahatA hai| anAtmavAda :- eka zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para anya zarIra meM praviSTa hone vAlA 'AtmA' nAmaka cirasthAyI adRSTa padArtha kA astitva bauddha darzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| Izvara :- yaha saMsAra duHkhamaya hai, ataH isa prakAra ke apUrNa saMsAra kA nirmAtA sarvajJa sarvazaktimAn Izvara nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra bIja se aMkura aura aMkura se vRkSa pariNata hotA hai, usI prakAra saMsAra kA nirmANa svataH hotA hai| usa ke lie kisI 'Izvara' nAmaka sarvazaktimAn tatva ke astitva ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai sarvazaktimAn Izvara kA astitva mAnane para manuSya kI svataMtratA samApta hotI hai| vaha AtmoddhAra ke lie udAsIna ho jAegA / bauddha darzana ke vaibhASika, mAdhyamika, sautrAntika evaM yogAcAra nAmaka cAra saMpradAya sarvamAnya haiN| 1) vaibhASika siddhAnta ke anusAra saMsAra ke bAhya evaM Abhyantara sabhI padArtho ko satya mAnA gayA hai tathA unakA jJAna pratyakSa ke dvArA hotA hai / ataH ise "sarvAstivAda" kahate haiN| isa saMpradAya kA sarvamAnya graMtha haiM kAtyAyanIputra kRta "abhidharmajJAna - prasthAnazAstra aura vasubaMdhukRta abhidharmakoza / (2) mAdhyamika:- isa mata ke anusAra sArA saMsAra zUnya hai / isa ke bAhya evaM Antara sabhI viSaya asat haiN| isa mata kA pratipAdana nAgArjana ne apane "mAdhyamikazAstra" nAma graMtha meM kiyA hai| (3) sautrAntika :- isa mata ke anusAra bAhya evaM Abhyantara donoM hI padArtha satya haiN| paraMtu bAhya padArtha ko pratyakSarUpa meM satya na mAna kara anumAna ke dvArA mAnA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa ise "bAhyAnumeyavAda" kahate haiN| isa mata ke cAra prasiddha AcArya haiM, kumAralAla, zrIlAla, vasumitra tathA yazomitra / ( 4 ) yogAcAra :- isa mata ke anusAra bAhya padArtha asatya haiN| bAhya dRzya vastu to cit kI pratIti mAtra hai| vijJAna yA cit hI ekamAtra satya mAnane ke kAraNa ise 'vijJAnavAda' kahate haiN| isa saMpradAya ke pravartaka haiM maitreya jinhoMne madhyAntavibhAga, abhisamayAlaMkAra, sUtrAlaMkAra, mahAyAna uttarataMtra, evaM dharmadharmatAvibhAga nAmaka granthoM dvArA isa mata ko pratiSThita kiyaa| diGnAga, dharmakIrti evaM dharmapAla isI mata ke pratiSThApaka AcArya the| = Arya satya :- bhagavAn buddha ne cAra satyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| :- 1) sarvaM duHkham / 2) duHkhasamudaya, 3) duHkhanirodha aura 4) duHkhanirodhagAminI pratipad / arthAt (1) jIvana jarA maraNapUrNa arthAt duHkhapUrNa hai (2) usa duHkha kA kAraNa hotA hai zarIra-dhAraNa / (3) duHkha se vAstavika mukta honA saMbhava hai aura (4) usa duHkhamukti ke kucha upAya haiM jinheM 'aSTAMgika mArga' kahate haiN| aSTAMgika mArga ke avalaMbana se duHkhanirodha yA nirvANa kI prApti avazya hone kI saMbhAvanA ke kAraNa, yahI zreSTha AcAradharma bauddhamata ke anusAra mAnA gayA hai| aSTAMgika mArga :- 1) samyak dRSTi ke yathArthasvarUpa para dhyAna denA / 2) samyaksaMkalpa vastu dRDhanizcaya para aTala rhnaa| 3 ) sabhyakvAk yathArtha bhASaNa / 4) samyak karmAnta ahiMsA, asteya tathA indriya saMyama 5 ) samyak AjIva nyAyapUrNa upajIvikA calAnA / 6 ) samyak vyAyAma satkarma ke lie prayatnazIla rhnaa| 7 ) samyak smRti lobha Adi citta vikAroM ko dUra krnaa| 8 ) samyak samAdhi citta ko rAga dveSAdi vikAroM se mukta evaM ekAgra krnaa| isa prakAra sAmAnyataH For Private and Personal Use Only = saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 205 -

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dArzanika vicAra pravAha tathA AcAradharma se yukta bauddha dharma meM avAntara matabhedoM ke kAraNa do pradhAna saMpradAya yathAvasara utpanna hue : 1) hInayAna aura 2) mahAyAna / hInayAna meM bauddhadharma kA prAcIna rUpa surakSita rakhane para Agraha hai| mahAyAna udAramatavAdI saMpradAya hai| isI mata kA pracAra cIna, jApAna, koriyA Adi dezoM meM huaa| boddhoM kA saMskRta vAGmaya mahAyAnI paMDitoM dvArA hI nirmANa huA hai| unake kAvyoM meM upari nirdiSTa cAra AryasatyoM evaM aSTAMgika mArga kA sarvatra yathAsthAna pratipAdana huA hai| aSTazIla :- pratyeka mAsa kI aSTamI, caturdazI, paurNimA aura amAvasyA ina tithiyoM ko upoSaNa aura aSTazIloM kA pAlana, AcAra dharma meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| paMcazIla :- ahiMsA, asteya, avyabhicAra, asatyatyAga, aura madyatyAga ina guNoM ko paMcazIla kahate haiN| bauddha dharma kA isa para vizeSa Agraha hai| trizaraNa :- buddha, dharma aura saMgha ko zaraNa jaanaa| 'buddha saraNaM gacchAmi- ityAdi 'trizaraNa' ke maMtroM kA trivAra uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| 1 jAtaka tathA avadAna sAhitya bauddha dharma meM nItitattva para adhika bala hone kAraNa, naitika AcAra kA paricaya samAja ko dene ke liye kathA mAdhyama kA upayoga kiyA gyaa| kathAoM se manoraMjana ke sAtha nIti kA bodha saralatA se diyA jAtA hai| isa kathA-mAdhyama kA upayoga vedoM, brAhmaNoM, upaniSadoM aura vizeSataH purANoM meM pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| bauddha vAGmaya meM isa prakAra kI nItiparaka kathAoM ko jAtaka aura avadAna saMjJA dI gaI hai| avadAna sAhitya meM jAtakoM kA bhI antarbhAva hotA hai| jAtaka kA sarvamAnya artha hai, bodhisatva kI jnmkthaa| bhagavAna buddha ke pUrvajanmoM se saMbaMdhita ghaTanAoM dvArA nItitattva kA bodha dene kA prayatna jAtaka kathAoM meM sarvatra dikhAI detA hai| isa prakAra kI kathAeM pAli-sAhitya meM pracura mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiN| inhIM pAli jAtakoM tathA zrutiparaMparAgata jAtako kA saMkalana kara, AryazUra ne jAtakamAlA (yA bodhisattvAvadAnamAlA) nAmaka prasiddha graMtha kI racanA kii| kumAralAta kRta 'kalpanAmaNDitikA' kA bhI svarUpa isI prakAra kA hai| bhagavAna buddha ke pUrvajanmoM se saMbaMdhita nIti kathAoM kI saMkhyA pAMca sau taka hotI hai| punarjanma aura karmaphala siddhAnta ke anusAra, zAkyamuni ke rUpa meM janma lene pUrva, bhagavAna buddha ke rAjA, saudAgara sajjana, vAnara, hAthI, ityAdi aneka yoniyoM meM utpanna hue aura una janmoM meM unhoMne kSamA, vIrya, dayA, dhairya, dAna, satya, ahiMsA zAMti Adi sadguNoM kA pAlana kiyA aisA ina jAtaka kathAoM meM batAyA gayA hai| nItizikSAtmaka kathAoM kA dUsarA prakAra hai, avadAna kthaa| jAtaka kathAe~ buddha ke vigata jIvana se saMbaMdhita hotI haiM, jaba ki avadAna kathAoM meM pradhAna pAtra svayaM buddha hI hote haiN| tIsarA prakAra hai 'vyAkaraNa', jisameM bhaviSya kI kathA vartamAna karmoM kI vyAkhyA karatI hai| 'bauddhasaMskRta' meM viracita jAtakoM tathA avadAnoM dvArA bauddha dharma kA pracAra sAmAnya janatA meM bharapUra mAtrA meM huaa| avadAna sAhitya aMzataH sarvAstivAdI tathA aMzataH mahAyAnI hai| isa sAhitya meM ullekhanIya graMthoM meM 1) yaMdIzvara yA naMdIzvara kRta avadAnazataka (I-1-2 zatI) 2) karmazataka 3) dasagulam, 4) divyAvadAna, 5) kalpadrumAvadAnamAlA, 6) ratnAvadAnamAlA, 7) azokAvadAnamAlA, 8) dvAviMzatyavadAna, 9) bhadrakalpAvadAna, 10) vratAvadAnamAlA, 11) vicitrakarNikAvadAna aura 12) avadAnakalpalatAisa kI racanA, aucityavicAracarcA ke lekhaka suprasiddha saMskRta sAhityika kSemendra ne 11 vIM zatI meM kii| kSemendra eka vaiSNava kavi the| jAtaka evaM avadAna sAhitya atyaMta prAcIna hone ke kAraNa tathA unameM tatkAlIna samAjajIvana ke aMga-pratyaMgoM kA vAstava citraNa hone ke kAraNa, prAcIna bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke jijJAsuoM ke lie yaha eka adbhuta bhaMDAra hai| prAcIna zAsanavyavasthA, vANijya, vyApAra, AcAravicAra, rIti-rivAja, sAmAjika Arthika vyavasthA, videzoM se saMbaMdha ityAdi vividha viSayoM kA jJAna nItitattvoM ke sAtha isa sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai| eziyA aura yUropa ke sAhitya ko bhI ina nItikathAoM ne prabhAvita kiyA hai| bauddha saMskRta vAGmaya kA parizIlana karate hue yaha bAta vizeSa kara dhyAna meM AtI haiM ki yaha sArA vAGamaya bauddhoM ke mUlabhUta pAli vAGamaya se anuprANita aura vidagdha saMskRta vAGmaya se prabhAvita hai| isa vAGmaya ke aneka mahattvapUrNa graMtha mUla saMskRta rUpa meM Aja aprApya haiM kintu cInI, tibbatI, jApAnI ityAdi bhASA meM anuvAdarUpa meM surakSita haiM aura isa kA vyApaka tathA gaMbhIra adhyayana videza ke vidvAnoM ne adhika mAtrA kiyA hai| citavAdI tathA aMzataka 3) dasagulamA vratAvadAnamA avadAnazataka (I-1- 2 vadAna, 9) bhadrakalpAvadAna sAhityika kSemendra na lI samAjajIvana ke 206 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa - 10 "kAvya zAstra" 1 "kAvya darzana" saMskRta bhASA ke Adya graMtha Rgveda meM paryApta mAtrA meM kAvyAtmakatA pratIta hotI hai| aneka sUktoM meM ramaNIya upamA dRSTAnta bhI milate haiN| kucha sUktoM meM vIrarasa tathA kahIM kahIM nATya guNa bhI milate haiN| vedoM ke SaDaMgoM meM se vyAkaraNa aura nirukta meM zabdoM evaM unake arthoM kA vicAra mArmikatA se huA hai| niruktakAra ne Rgveda kI upamAoM kA vizleSaNAtmaka vicAra kiyA hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM zilAli aura kRzAzva ke naTasUtroM kA nirdeza huA hai| (4-3-110/111) isakA artha pANini ke pUrvakAlIna zAstrIya vAGmaya meM nATyazAstra kI racanA kA zrIgaNeza ho cukA thA kintu alaMkAra zAstra yA sAhitya zAstra kA nirdeza aSTAdhyAyI meM nahIM miltaa| vyAkaraNa bhASyakAra pataMjali ne "AkhyAyikA" nAmaka sAhityaprakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai aura vAsavadattA, sumanottarA tathA bhaimarathI nAmaka tIna AkhyAyikAoM kA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, zrImadbhAgavata jaise kAvyAtmaka itihAsa purANagraMthoM kA pracAra samAja meM atiprAcIna kAla meM huA thA, kintu ina sAre kAvyAtmaka granthoM kI ramaNIyatA kI dRSTi se AlocanA sAhityika dRSTi se karane vAlA prAcIna graMtha bharata kRta nATyazAstra ke atirikta dUsarA nahIM miltaa| nATyazAstra ke vivecana meM kucha prAcIna graMthoM ke astitva ke pramANa milate haiM, kintu ve graMtha aprApya haiN| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne nATyazAstra kI racanA I. dUsarI yA tIsarI zatI mAnI hai| arthAt isake pUrva kucha sadiyoM se saMskRta ke kAvyazAstra kI nirmiti ho cukI thii| nATyazAstra ke 6, 7, 17, 20 aura 32 kramAMka ke adhyAyoM meM kAvyazAstrIya viSayoM kA vivecana milatA hai, jo nATyazAstra kA aMgabhUta haiN| nATyazAstra meM rasoM kA vivecana savistara huA hai| vibhAva, anubhAva, vyAbhicAri bhAva, sthAyI bhAva, ityAdi rasazAstrIya pAribhASika saMjJAoM kA prathama ullekha nATyazAstra meM hI milatA hai| nATyazAstrAntargata rasavivecana hI bhAratIya rasa siddhAnta kA mUla srota hai| kAvyaprayojana mammaTAcArya ke kAvyaprakAza meM "kAvyaM yazase'rthakRte vyavahAravide shivetrksstye| sadyaH parinirvRtaye kAntAsammitatayopadezayuje / / " - isa suprasiddha kArikA meM kAvyanirmiti kI preraNA denevAle 6 prayojana yA hetu batAe haiM : 1) kIrtilAbha, 2) dhanalAbha, 3) vyavahArajJAna, 4) azubha nivAraNa, 5) kAntA ke samAna upadeza aura 6) tatkAla parama aanNd| kAvyanirmiti ke yaha chaH prayojana sarvamAnya haiN| inameM aMtima prayojana (sadyaHparanirvRti) kAvya ke samAna, saMgItAdi anya sabhI lalita kalAoM kA parama zreSTha prayojana mAnA gayA hai| ina prayojanoM ke sAtha hI naisarmika pratibhA, bahuzrutatA aura anyAnya zAstravidyA, kalA, AcArapaddhati Adi kA jJAna bhI sabhI sAhityazAstrakAroM ne kAvyanirmiti ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai| vizeSataH janmasiddha pratibhA (jisakA lAbha pUrvajanya ke saMskAra tathA devatA yA siddha puruSa kI kRpA se manuSya ko hotA hai|) uttama kAvya kI nirmiti ke lie atyaMta Avazyaka hotI hai| janmasiddha pratibhA zakti ke abhAva meM kevala zAstrAbhyAsa Adi parizramoM se nirmita kAvya kI gaNanA madhyama yA adhama kAvya kI zreNI meM kI jAtI hai| sAhitya zAstra meM zabda aura usakI abhidhA, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA nAmaka tIna zaktiyA~ tathA unake kAraNa jJAta hone vAle vAcyArtha, lakSyArtha aura vyaMgyArtha kI gaMbhIratA se carcA huI hai| zabda kI abhidhA zakti ke kAraNa, usake mukhya artha (vAcyArtha) kA bodha hotA hai| vAcyArtha ke tIna prakAra hote haiM : 1) rUDha artha : jo laukika saMketa ke kAraNa zabda meM rahatA hai| 2) yaugika artha : zabda ke prakRti pratyaya Adi avayavoM kA pRthaka bodha hone se vyutpattidvArA isa artha kA bodha hotA hai jaise dinakara, sudhAMzu, Adi yaugika zabdoM se sUrya, caMdra Adi arthoM kA bodha hotA hai| 3) yogarUDha artha : vArija, jalaja Adi zabdoM kA yaugika artha hai pAnI meM utpanna honevAlA zaMkha, zukti, matsya, zaivala Adi madhya Avazyaka hotI hai| janmasidA yA siddha puruSa kI kRpA se Avazyaka mAnA hai| vizeSataH avadhA, kalA, AcArapaddhati saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 207 For Private and Personal Use Only

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koI bhI pdaarth| paraMtu unakA yogarUDha artha hotA hai, kml| isa prakAra ke trividha vAcyArthoM ke kAraNa unake vAcaka zabda ke bhI rUDha, yaugika tathA yogArUDha nAmaka tIna prakAra mAne jAte hai| lakSaNA : sAhitya zAstra meM, "karmaNi kuzalaH" aura "gaMgAyAM ghoSaH" ityAdi udAharaNa, lakSaNAzakti kA svarUpa spaSTa karane ke lie sarvatra diye gaye hai| karmaNi kuzalaH udAharaNa meM "kuzala" zabda kA vAcyArtha hai kuza (darbha) ko kATane meM ctur| isa vAcyArtha ko prastuta vAkya kA ucita artha samajhane meM bAdhA AtI hai| ataH yaha zabda kevala catura artha meM liyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vAcyArtha se anya artha kA bodha, zabda kI lakSaNAzakti ke kAraNa hotA hai| usI prakAra, "gaMgAyAM ghoSaH" udAharaNa meM gaMgA zabda kA lAkSaNika artha gaMgAtIra hotA hai gaMgApravAha nhiiN| "karmaNi kuzalaH" yaha ruDhi lakSaNA kA aura "gaMgAyAM ghoSaH" yaha prayojana lakSaNA kA udAharaNa hai| mImAMsA zAstra meM, jahallakSaNA, ajahallakSaNA aura jahadajahallakSaNA nAmaka lakSaNA ke tIna prakAra kahe gaye hai| kAvya meM tathA vaktRtva meM lAkSaNika zabdoM ke prayoga se manorama vaicitrya utpanna hotA hai| vyaMjanA : sAhityazAstra meM "gato'stamarkaH" yaha vAkya vyaMgyArtha ke udAharaNArtha diyA gayA hai| "sUrya kA asta huA" isa vAcyArtha ke dvArA, brAhmaNa, kisAna, abhisArikA, cora, bAla-bAlikAe~ Adi aneka prakAra ke, zrotA-vaktAoM ko unakI vRtti yA avasthA ke anusAra prastuta vAkya se bhinna bhinna prakAra ke arthoM kI pratIti hotI hai| ye bhinna bhinna artha abhidhAmUlaka vAcyArtha se sarvathA bhinna hote haiN| aise artha ko zabda kA vyaMgyArtha kahate haiN| isa vyaMgyArtha kI pratIti zabda kI jisa zakti ke kAraNa hotI hai use "vyaMjanA" kahA hai| prakaraNagata tAtparyArtha kI pratIti tAtparya nAmaka cauthI vRtti se mAnI gayI hai| 2 "alaMkArazAstra yA sAhityazAstra" ___ alaMkAra zabda kA mukhya artha hai bhUSaNa yA AbharaNa (alaMkArastu AbharaNam" amrkosh)| kavi saMpradAya meM "kAvyazobhAkaro dharmaH" yA "zabdArthabhUSaNam anuprAsopamAdiH" isa artha meM alaMkArazabda kA prayoga rUDha huA hai| __ vAmana ne apane kAvyAlaMkArasUtra meM alaMkAra zabda ke do artha batAe haiN| 1) saundaryam alaMkAraH aura 2) alaMkriyate anen| arthAt kAvya meM saundarya-ramaNIyatA, jisake kAraNa utpanna hote haiM athavA kAvyagata zabda aura artha meM vaicitrya jisake kAraNa utpanna hotA hai athavA kAvyagata zabda aura artha jisake kAraNa suzobhita hote haiM, use alaMkAra kahanA caahiye| rudradAman ke zilAlekha ke anusAra dvitIya zatAbdI I.sa. meM sAhityika gadya aura padya ko alaMkRta karanA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thaa|| vAtsyAyana ke kAmazAstra meM 64 kalAoM meM "kriyAkalpa" nAmaka kalA kA nirdeza huA hai, jo alaMkAra zAstra ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| "alaMkAra" bharata muni ke nATyazAstra meM nATya meM prayukta 36 lakSaNoM kA nirdeza huA hai| inameM se kucha lakSaNoM ko daNDI Adi prAcIna AlaMkArikoM ne alaMkAra ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai| "bhUSaNa" (athavA vibhUSaNa) nAmaka prathama lakSaNa meM kAvya ke alaMkAroM aura guNoM kA samAveza huA hai| bhArata nATyazAstra meM upamA, rUpaka, dIpaka aura yamaka ye cAra nATaka ke alaMkAra mAne gaye haiN| alaMkArazAstra ke vizaSajJoM ko "AlaMkArika" kahA karate the| prAcIna kAla meM alaMkArazAstra ke antargata kevala kAvyagata zabdAlaMkAroM aura arthAlaMkAroM kA hI nahIM, api tu unake sAtha kAvya ke guNa, rIti, rasa aura doSoM kA bhI vivecana hotA thaa| prastuta zAstra ke itihAsa meM yaha dikhAI detA hai ki I. 9 vIM zatI se alaMkAra zAstra kA nirdeza, "sAhitya zAstra" ke nAma se hone lgaa| zabda aura artha kA paraspara anurUpa saundaryazAlitva yahI 'sAhitya' zabda kA pAribhASika artha mAnA jAtA hai| sAhitya zAstra meM kAvya kA prayojana, lakSaNa, zabda evaM artha kI (abhidhA, lakSaNA, aura vyaMjanA nAmaka) zaktiyA~, una zaktiyoM ke kAraNa nirmita vAcya, lakSya, vyaMga aura tAtparya artha, ina arthoM ke vividha prakAra, zabdaguNa, rIti, kAvyAtmA rasa aura usake zRMgAra vIra, karuNa Adi nau prakAra, sthAyI bhAva, vyAbhicAri bhAva, AlaMbana vibhAva, uddIpana vibhAva, rasAbhAsa, kAvyagata zabdadoSa, arthadoSa, rasadoSa, alaMkAradoSa, nityadoSa, anityadoSa, anuprAsa yamaka Adi zabdAlaMkAra evaM upamA, utprekSA rUpaka Adi arthAlaMkAra aura unake vividha prakAra, ina viSayoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai| mammaTAcArya ke suprasiddha kAvyaprakAza meM 10 ullAsa aura 212 sUtraprAya kArikAoM meM ina sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| hemacandrasUri kRta kAvyAnuzAsana meM 8 adhyAyoM aura 208 sUtroM meM ina viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| hemacaMdra aura vizvanAtha (sAhityadarpaNakAra) ne nATyazAstra kA bhI antarbhAva sAhitya zAstra ke antargata kiyA hai| saMskRta sAhityazAstra meM dhvanisiddhAnta yA rasasiddhAnta kI pratiSThApanA hone ke pUrva alaMkAra ko hI kAvya ke ramaNIyatva kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA jAtA thaa| bhAmaha, udbhaTa, rudraTa aura daMDI alaMkAra saMpradAya ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| isa saMpradAya ke anusAra vakrokti alaMkAra hI kAvya kA prANa hai| "saiSA sarvatra vakroktiH anayA'rtho vibhAvyate / yatro'syAM kavinA kAryaH ko'laMkAro'nayA vinaa||" (bhAmahakRta kAvyAlaMkAra 2-85) arthAt kavitA meM vakrokti hI saba kucha hai| vakrokti ke kAraNa hI kAvyagata artha vizeSa rUpa se prakAzita hotA hai| 208 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kavi ne vakrokti ke lie hI prayatna karanA cAhie kyoM ki vakrokti ke binA koI bhI alaMkAra prakaTa nahIM hotaa| sabhI AlaMkArikoM ne arthAlaMkAroM ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai| alaMkAro kI saMkhyA meM yathAkrama vRddhi hotI gyii| bharata ke nATyazAstra meM anuprAsa upamA, rUpaka aura dIpaka ina cAra hI alaMkAroM kA nATyAlaMkAroM ke nAte nirdeza hai| bAda meM alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI gyii| daNDI ne apane kAvyAdarza meM 35 arthAlaMkAroM kI carcA kii| rudraTa ne 68 alaMkAroM kA vivecana karate hue alaMkAroM ke vargIkaraNa ke AdhArabhUta aupamya, vAstava, atizaya tathA zleSa Adi nimitta pratipAdana kiye haiN| vidyAdhara ne apane ekAvalI graMtha meM aupamya, tarka, virodha ityAdi vibhAjaka tattvoM kI carcA kI hai| bAda meM bhinna bhinna alaMkAroM ke vividha prakAroM kA vivecana yathocita udAharaNoM sahita AlaMkArikoM ne kiyA hai| alaMkAroM kI saMkhyA evaM unake lakSaNoM meM zAstrakAroM kA matabheda sarvatra dikhAI detA hai| jaise mammaTa ne kAvyaprakAza meM 61 alaMkAra batAe haiM kintu hemacaMdra ne 29 arthAlaMkAra batAe haiN| saMsRSTi alaMkAra kA antarbhAva saMkara meM kiyA hai| dIpaka ke lakSaNa meM tulyogitA kA samAveza kiyA hai| parivRtti ke lakSaNa meM, mammaTokta paryAya aura parivRtti donoM kA antarbhAva kiyA hai| rasa, bhAva, ityAdi se saMbaMddha rasavat, preyas, urjasvI, samAhita jaise alaMkAroM kA varNana hemacaMdra ne nahIM kiyaa| ananvaya aura upameyopamA ko upamA meM hI antarbhUta kiyA hai, tathA prativastUpamA, dRSTAnta, nidarzanA jaise alaMkAroM ko nidarzanA meM antarbhUta kiyA hai| mammaTa ke svabhAvokti aura aprastutaprazaMsA ko hemacaMdra ne kramazaH jAti aura anyokti nAma diye haiN| upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, atizayokti, ananvaya, bhrAMtimAn, smaraNa, tadguNa, nidarzanA ityAdi alaMkAroM meM bheda hote hue bhI unakA AdhAra upameya aura upamAna kA sAmya yA sAdharmya hai| usI prakAra virodha ke AdhAra para virodhAbhAsa, viSama, pratIpa, pratyanIka atadguNa, vibhAvanA ityAdi alaMkAroM kI racanA huI hai| alaMkAra saMpradAya meM samAsokti, aprastutaprazaMsA, AkSepa jaise anyArthasUcaka alaMkAroM meM pratIyamAna yA vyaMgya artha ke vividha prakAroM kA antarbhAva kiyA hai jisakA prativAda dhvanyAlokakAra AnaMdavardhanAcArya ne kiyA hai| alaMkAra saMpradAya ke pramukha AcArya bhAmaha ne kAvyAntargata rasoM kA antarbhAva rasavat, preya, UrjasvI jaise alaMkAroM meM kiyA hai| 3 "vakrokti saMpradAya" alaMkAravAdI sAhityikoM meM vakrokti arthAt, cAturya pUrNa rIti se kathana (vaidagdhyabhaMgI-bhaNitiH) ko hI kAvya kI AtmA mAnane vAlA eka saMpradAya kuMtaka dvArA pracalita huaa| apane vakroktijIvita nAmaka graMtha dvArA kuMtaka ne isa siddhAnta kI sthApanA kii| bhAmaha ne atizayokti ko kAvya kI AtmA kahate hue (atizayoktireva prANatvena avatiSThate) use "vakrokti" saMjJA dI hai| daNDI ne : 1) svabhAvoktimUlaka aura 2) vakroktimUlaka do prakAra kA vAGmaya mAnA hai| unhoMne vakrokti meM zleSa dvArA saundarya kI niSpatti mAnI hai| unhoMne vakrokti siddhAnta ko vyavasthita svarUpa dete hue use kAvya kA jIvita kahA hai| vakrokti ke siddhAnta ke anusAra pAca prakAra mAne jAte haiM 1) varNavakratA, 2) padavakratA, 3) vAkyavakratA, 4) arthavakratA aura 5) prbNdhvkrtaa| inake atirikta upacAravakratA bhI mAnI gayI hai jisameM dhvani ke aneka bhedoM kA antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai| kiMbahunA dhvani ke sabhI prakAroM kA samAveza kuntaka ne vakrokti meM hI kiyA hai| kuntaka ke bAda vakroktijIvita kA siddhAnta nahIM pnpaa| uttarakAlIna prAyaH sabhI AlaMkArikoM ne vakrokti ko eka alaMkAra mAtra mAnA hai| saMskRta sAhityazAstrakAroM ne apane lakSaNagraMtha likhate samaya saMskRta aura prAkRta kAvyoM meM bheda nahIM maanaa| isI kAraNa aneka sAhitya zAstrIya graMthoM meM udAharaNa ke rUpa meM saMskRta padyoM ke samAna prAkRta (mahArASTrIya) padyoM ke bhI aneka udAharaNa diye haiN| vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke lekhaka vAgbhaTa tathA rasagaMgAdharakAra paMDitarAja jagannAtha jaise kucha manISiyoM ne sabhI svaracita padyoM ke hI udAharaNa diye haiN| kucha graMthakAroM ne yatra tatra svaracita zlokoM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| sAhityazAstrIya graMthoM ke TIkAkAroM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hai| ina TIkAkAroM ne mUla udAharaNoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue anya zlokoM ke bhI udAharaNa yatra tatra joDa die haiN| 4 rIti saMpradAya kAvya kA saundarya bar3hAne vAle tattvoM meM alaMkAroM se pRthak tattva kA pratipAdana, sarvaprathama vAmana ne apane kAvyAlaMkAra-sUtra meM kiyaa| "kAvyazobhAyAH kartAro dharmAH gunnaaH| tadatizayahetavaH tu alaMkArAH" ina sUtroM dvArA vAmana ne guNa aura alaMkAroM kA bheda spaSTa kiyA hai| kAvya meM jina ke dvArA zobhA AtI hai unheM "guNa" kahanA cAhie aura kAvyazobhA kI abhivRddhi jinake kAraNa hotI hai, unheM alaMkAra kahanA caahie| guNa, manuSya ke zaurya dhairyAdi ke samAna hote haiM aura alaMkAra kaTaka-kuNDala-hAra Adi ke samAna hote hai| manuSya ke zaurya-dhairyAdi aura kaTakakuNDalAdi meM jitanA bheda hai, utanA hI kAvya ke guNa aura alaMkAroM meM bhI hai| vAmana ke matAnusAra kAvyaguNa 10 hote haiM : zleSa, prasAda, samatA, mAdhurya, sukumAratA, arthavyukti, udAratva, oja, kAMti aura smaadhi| ina dasa guNoM ke zabdaguNa aura arthaguNa nAmaka do prakAra ke mAne gaye haiN| mammaTAcArya ne ina dasa guNoM kA prasAda, mAdhurya aura oja ina tIna guNoM meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| ve dasa kAvyaguNa nahIM maante| 14 saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 209 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ina dasa guNoM para AdhArita vaidarbhI, gauDI aura pAMcAlI nAmaka tIna rItiyoM kA siddhAnta vAmana ne pratipAdita kiyaa| alpa samAsayukta sarvaguNamayI "vaidarbhI," dIrghasamAsayukta ojoguNapracura gauDI tathA madhyamasamAsayukta mAdhurya-saukumAryaguNayukta pAMcAlI rIti vAmana ne pratipAdana kI hai| yaha rIti hI unake matAnusAra kAvya kI AtmA hotI hai| kAlidAsa ke kAvya meM vaidarbhI, bhavabhUti ke nATakoM meM gauDI aura bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI meM pAMcAlI rIti spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hotI hai| ina tIna rItiyoM ke atirikta rudraTa ne lATI aura bhoja ne AvaMtI evaM mAgadhI nAmaka rItiyoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| mammaTa ne rItivAda kA khaMDana karate hue, upanAgarikA, puruSA aura grAmyA nAmaka tIna pravRttiyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| uparinidiSTa cha: rItiyoM ke nAma vidarbha, gauDa, paMcAla, lATa, avaMtI aura magadha ina pradezoM ke nAmoM se jur3e hone ke kAraNa, una pradezoM se unake nAma kI rIti kA saMbaMdha joDA jAtA hai| paraMtu usameM koI tathya nahIM hai| rItiyoM ke nAma prAdezika haiM, kintu ve sAhityazAstra ke pAribhASika artha meM grahaNa karane caahie| 5 "kAvyadoSa" "vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam" yaha mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta sthApita hote hI, "rasApakarSaka" yA rasahAnikAraka kAraNoM kA vivecana Avazyaka ho gyaa| ina rasApakarSaka kAraNoM ko hI sAhitya zAstrajJoM ne "kAvyadoSa' kahA hai| "rasApakarSakA doSAH" yaha doSoM kA lakSaNa bhI sarvamAnya huA hai| doSavivecana meM zabdadoSa, arthadoSa, alaMkAradoSa, nityadoSa, anityadoSa, ityAdi prakAroM se doSoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA aura una ke udAharaNa saMskRta sAhitya ke kAlidAsAdi zreSTha mahAkaviyoM ke kAvyoM se uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| kAvyaprakAza, sAhityadarpaNa jaise graMthoM meM kiyA huA kAvyadoSoM kA vivecana atyaMta mArmika evaM sarvaMkaSa hai| sAhityazAstrajJoM kI apekSA hai ki, kAvya meM lezamAtra doSa nahIM rahanA caahie| jisa prakAra ekamAtra kuSThavraNa se sArA suMdara zarIra dubhaMga ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra lezamAtra doSa se sundara kAvya bhI niMdAspada ho jAtA hai| kAvyaracanA meM ruci rakhane vAle pratyeka pratibhAsaMpanna sAhityika ko saMskRta sAhityazAstra ke vividha siddhAntoM kA aura vizeSataH kAvyadoSoM kA samyak Akalana karanA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| (sAhitya zAstra viSayaka graMthoM kI jAnakArI ke lie sAhitya viSayaka pariziSTa dekhie|) 6 rasasiddhAnta sAhityazAstra meM rasasiddhAnta kA vivecana sarvaprathama bharata ke nATyazAstra meM huA hai| "vibhAva-anubhAva-vyAbhicAri-saMyogAd rasaniSpattiH" isa nATyazAstrokta sUtra ke AdhAra para sAhitya zAstrIya graMthoM meM rasasiddhAnta kI carcA huI hai| vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyAbhicAri (yA saMcArI) bhAvoM ke saMyoga se, (jaise kisI miSTAnna yA madhura peya meM anyAnya susvAdu padArthoM ke saMyoga se, svataMtrarasa (yA svAda) niSpanna hotA hai|) kAvya-nATakAdi sAhitya ke dvArA sahRdaya pAThaka ke antaHkaraNa meM, rasaniSpatti hotI hai| rasasUtra meM prayukta "niSpatti" zabda kA artha nirdhArita karane meM matabheda nirmANa hue| isa rasa siddhAnta kA vivecana karate hue kucha mahattvapUrNa pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga sAhityazAstra meM huA hai| jaise : 1) sthAyI bhAva : manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM nisargataH rati, hAsa, zoka, krodha, utsAha, bhaya, jugupsA aura vismaya nAmaka ATha bhAva svayaMbhU hote haiN| inake atirikta nirveda , vAtsalya, bhakti ityAdi anya sthAyI bhAva bhI mAne gaye haiN| ina sthAyI bhAvoM kI abhivyakti yA uddIpita avasthA ko rasa kahate haiN| vibhAva :- vAsanArUpatayA sthitAn ratyAdIn sthAyinaH vibhAvayanti, rasAsvAdAkurayogyatAM nayanti, iti vibhaavaaH| arthAt jina ke kAraNa antaHkaraNa meM vAsanA yA prAktana saMskAra ke rUpa se avasthita rati hAsa, zoka, krodha Adi sthAyI bhAva AsvAda ke yogya aMkurita hote haiM, ve vibhAva kahalAte haiN| vibhAva ke do prakAra mAne jAte haiM (1) AlaMbana aura (2) uddiipn| kAvya evaM nATaka ke nAyaka-nAyikA AlaMbana vibhAva aura unake saMbaMdha ke avasara para varNita nadItIra, kuMjavana Adi sthala, zarad, vasaMta Adi samaya, gurujanoM kA asAnnidhya, jaisI paristhiti ko uddIpana vibhAva kahA jAtA hai| zAkuntala nATaka meM duSyanta-zakuntalA AlaMbana vibhAva haiM aura kaNvAzrama, mAlinI tIra, kusumAvacaya Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiM, jinake kAraNa sahRdaya darzaka yA pAThaka ke antaHkaraNa meM rati sthAyI bhAva kA uddIpana hotA hai| anubhAva- "anubhAvayanti ratyAdIn -iti anubhAvAH" arthAt hRdayastha sthAyI bhAva kA anubhava dene vAle, sveda, stambha, romAMca, azrupAta ityAdi zarIragata lakSaNoM ko anubhava kahate haiN| vyabhicArIbhAva : "vizeSeNa abhitaH kAvye sthAyi-naM cArayanti iti vyabhicAriNaH-" arthAt sthAyI bhAva kA paripoSa karate hue, use kAvya meM sarvatra saMcArita karane vAle asthira evaM anizcita bhAvoM ko vyabhicArI yA saMcArI bhAva kahate haiN| zAstrakAroM ne 33 prakAra ke vyabhicArI bhAva nirdhArita kiye haiM:- vairAgya, glAni, zaMkA, matsara, mada, zrama, Alasya, dainya, ciMtA, mUrchA, smRti, dhairya, lajjA, cApalya, harSa, Avega, jaDatA, garva, kheda, utsukatA, nidrA, apasmAra, svapna, jAgRti, krodha, avahitthA, ugratA, mati, vyAdhi, unmAda, maraNa, trAsa aura vitrk| sa bhAva kahate haiN| zAsra zakA, matsara, mada, garva, kheda, u 210/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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uparinirdiSTa ( rati-hAsa Adi) sthAyI bhAvoM kA uddIpana, kAvyagata vibhAva, anubhAva, vyAbhicAri bhAvoM ke saMyoga se hokara zRMgAra (vipralaMbha evaM zRMgAra) hAsya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa, adbhuta, zAMta, vAtsalya aura bhakti nAmaka rasoM kI niSpatti sahRdaya kAvyAsvAdaka ke hRdaya meM hotI hai| abhinavaguptAcArya ne apane dhvanyAlokalocana nAmaka TIkA graMtha meM rasaniSpatti ke saMbaMdha meM, bhaTTa lollaTa, bhaTTanAyaka aura bhaTTa zaMkuka, ina AcAryoM ke matoM kA paricaya dete hue apane mata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / mammaTAcArya ne apane kAvyaprakAza meM isa carcA kA saMkSepa dete hue, abhinavaguptAcArya ke abhivyaktivAda kA samarthana kiyA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhaTTa lollaTa ke matAnusAra vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyAbhicAri bhAvoM kA pAtragata sthAyI bhAva se saMyoga hokara (rAma-sItA Adi pAtragata) sthAyI bhAva ubuddha aura paripuSTa hote haiN| yaha paripuSTa sthAyI bhAva hI rasa kahalAtA hai| rasa vastutaH rAma-sItA duSyanta zakuntalA Adi anukArya pAtroM meM hotA hai, kintu naToM ke kauzalyapUrNa anusaMdhAna ke kAraNa usakI pratIti naTa meM hI hotI hai| zaMkuka ke matAnusAra vibhAva- anubhAva Adi liMgoM yA sAdhanoM dvArA naTagata sthAyI bhAva kA darzaka ko anumAna hotA hai / naTa ko, anukArya rAmAdi se abhinna mAnate hue usa anumita sthAyI bhAva kA AsvAda sahRdaya dvArA liyA jAtA hai| "citra - turaga nyAya" (arthAt miTTI yA lakar3I ke ghoDe ko bAlaka saccA ghoDA mAnatA hai) se kauzalyapUrNa abhinaya ke kAraNa, naTa meM rAmAdi pAtragata sthAyI kA AbhAsa hotA hai| yahI mithyA jJAna rUpa AbhAsa, rasa kahalAyA jAtA hai| isa mata ke anusAra rasa pAtroM meM nahIM, apitu nahIM meM hotA hai| abhinavagupta ke matAnusAra, vibhAvAdi kA anubhava pAte hue, vibhAvanIya aura anubhAvanIya cittavRtti meM udbodhita vAsanArUpa sthAyI kI carvaNA hI rasa hai| isa mata ke anusAra rasa kA AdhAra, pAtra yA naTa donoM nahIM api tu nATya kAvyAdi ke sahRdaya AsvAdakoM kA antaHkaraNa hotA hai| bhaTTanAyaka ke matAnusAra rasa kI "niSpatti", yAne usakI utpatti, anumiti yA pratIti nahIM, api tu "bhojya-bhojaka saMbadha" ke kAraNa, rasika dvArA hone vAlI bhukti hai| bharata ke rasasUtra meM prayukta "niSpatti" zabda kA artha nyAya, sAMkhya, vedAnta jaise pAramArthika darzanoM ke anusAra nirdhArita karane ke prayatna se, sAhityazAstriyoM meM isa prakAra matabheda utpanna hue| vidvatsamAja meM sAmAnyataH abhinava-guptAcArya kA mata grAhya mAnA jAtA hai| bhaTnAyaka ne rasaniSpatti kI prakriyA meM vibhAvAdi sAmagrI ke "sAdhAraNIkaraNa" kI avasthA pratipAdana kI hai| tadanusAra sAhityika kalAkRti kA AsvAda lete samaya, vibhAvAdi kA viziSTa vyakti, deza, kAla Adi se saMbaMdha chUTa kara ve sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika svarUpa grahaNa karate haiM, jisake kAraNa kAvyanATyAdi kalAkRti aura usake AsvAdaka meM bhaujya-bhojaka bhAva saMbaMdha nirmANa hotA hai, aura unheM rasa kI nirvighna pratIti hotI hai| bhaTnAyaka kI yaha sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI prakriyA abhinava guptAcArya ne bhI grAhya mAnI hai| kAvyanATyAdi dvArA yathocita mAtrA meM rasaniSpatti hone ke liye, kavi tathA kalAkAroM ko atyaMta satarka rahanA par3atA hai| isa satakartA meM kucha truTi rahane para rasaniSpatti meM vighna nirmANa hote haiN| kisI kalAkRti meM kavi dvArA aucitya kA pAlana nahIM huA, yA darzakoM dvArA kalAkRti kA yogya Akalana nahIM huA to rasaniSpatti nahIM hotI / "anaucitya" rasabhaMga kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai (anaucityAdRte nAnyat rasabhaMgasya kAraNam) yaha aucityavAdiyoM kA mata sarvamAnya hai| nATyaprayoga meM rasavina tathA anya vighnoM kA nivAraNa karane hetu bharata ne "pUrvaraMga" kA vidhAna kiyA hai| kAvya - nATakoM kA AsvAdaka apane nijI sukha duHkha ke kAraNa vyastacitta hogA, to use ThIka rasAsvAda milanA saMbhava nahIM hotA / rasika darzakoM ko nijI sukha duHkhoM se mukta karane ke hetu nATyaprayoga meM gIta evaM nRtya kA vidhAna bharata ne kiyA hai| bharatAcArya ne nATya kI dRSTi se zRMgAra, vIra, karuNa, adbhuta, hAsya, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa aura raudra ATha hI rasa mAne haiN| udbhaTa ne nauvA zAMta rasa mAnA hai| inake atirikta bhakti kA rasatva madhusUdana sarasvatI, rUpagosvAmI jaise vaiSNava vidvAnoM ne eka hI rasa vAstava mAnate hue, anya rasoM ko gauNatva diyA hai, jaise bhoja ne ahaMkAra hI eka mAtra rasa kahA hai| anya rasoM ko unhoMne bhAva mAnA hai| bhavabhUti "eko rasaH karuNa eva" kahate haiM, anya rasoM ko jalAzaya ke Avarta, taraMga, bubudoM ke samAna vivarta mAtra mAnate hai| agnipurANane zRMgAra ko madhusUdana sarasvatI ne bhakti ko, nArAyaNa ne adbhuta ko hI pramukha rasa mAnA hai| "zRMgArAd hi bhavet hAso raudrAcca karuNo rasaH / vIrAccaivAdbhutotpattiH bIbhatsAcca bhayAnakaH / / isa kArikA meM zRMgAra, raudra, vIra aura bIbhatsa ko 'janaka' aura hAsya, karuNa, adabhuta tathA bhayAnaka ko unake 'janya' rasa mAnA hai| Adhunika kAvyoM meM bhakti ne dezabhakti kA svarUpa grahaNa kiyA hai aura kucha vidvAna dezabhakti rasa ko devabhakti se pRthagAtma mAnate hai / sAhitya zAstrakAroM ne sabhI rasoM ko sukhakAraka yA AnaMdadAyaka mAnA hai| kintu zoka sthAyI bhAva ke uddIpana se pratIta honevAlA karuNa rasa isa viSaya meM vivAda kA viSaya huA hai| jinhoMne karuNa ko duHkharUpa mAnA hai, unakA khaMDana karate hue kahA gayA hai, , ki :"karuNAdAvapi rase jAyate yat paraM sukham sacetasAmanubhavaH pramANaM rAtra kevlm||" For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 211 -

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arthAt karuNa jaise zoka sthAyI bhAva para adhiSThita rasa kI pratIti se parama sukha hotA hai, isa kA ekamAtra pramANa hai sahRdayoM kA anubhv| agara karuNa rasa kI pratIti se sukha ke alAvA duHkha hI hotA, to usakI ora sahRdayoM kI pravRtti nahIM hotii| saMsAra meM duHkhadAyaka viSayoM kI ora koI bhI pravRtta nahIM hotaa| nATyadarpaNakAra rAmacaMdra guNacaMdra ne rasoM ke do prakAra mAne haiN| 1) sukhAtmaka aura 2) duHkhaatmk| zRMgAra, hAsya, vIra, adabhuta aura zAMta rasa sukhAtmaka haiM aura karuNa, bhayAnaka, bIbhatsa tathA raudra rasa duHkhadAyaka mAne haiN| kAvya-nATakoM meM kevala duHkhAtmaka rasa nahIM hote; zreSTha sAhityika sukhAtmaka aura duHkhAtmaka donoM rasoM kA sammizraNa apanI kalAkRti meM karate haiN| sukhAtmaka rasoM kI pRSThabhUmi para, duHkhAtmaka rasa bhI AnaMdadAyI hote haiN| isI kAraNa duHkhadAyaka karuNa rasa sukhaprada hotA hai| brahmAnaMdasahodara zruti ke "raso vai saH" isa vacana meM saccidAnaMda svarUpa paramAtmA ko rasa rUpa kahA hai| yadyapi viSayAnaMda, brahmAnanda aura rasAnaMda ina tIna prakAroM se AnaMda kA trividha nirdeza hotA hai tathApi unameM viSayAnaMda laukika hotA hai| zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha jaise prAkRtika viSayoM kI anukUla saMvedanA se viSayAnaMda kI anubhUti manuSyamAtra ko hotI hai| isa anubhUti ke liye "sahRdayatA" kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| rasAnaMda kI pratIti kAvya-nATyAdi kalAkRtiyoM ke tanmayatApUrvaka AsvAda se sahRdaya ko hI hotI hai aura brahmAnaMda kI anubhUti dhyAnayoga meM siddhatA prApta hone para nirvikalpa samAdhi kI avasthA meM yogI ko hI hotI hai| rasAnaMda kA adhikArI "sahRdaya" hotA hai, to brahmAnaMda kA yogI hotA hai| brahmAnaMda kA mahArasa kucha aura hI hai| usakI tulanA meM kAvya-nATyAdi, ke AsvAda se pratIta honevAlA rasAnaMda gauNa hone ke kAraNa use "brahmAsvAda kA sahodara" yA "brahmAnaMdasaciva" kahA hai| brahmAnaMda yA mahArasa kI anubhUti ke liye, antaHkaraNastha samasta vAsanAoM kA uccheda honA Avazyaka hotA hai, kintu zRMgArAdi navarasoM kI pratIti ke lie, vAsanAgata rAjasikatA aura tAmasikatA kA kSaya kintu sAtvikatA kA paripoSa Avazyaka hotA hai| saMpUrNa vAsanAhIna avasthA se sAttvika vAsanAyukta avasthA gauNa hone ke kAraNa bhI, rasAnaMda ko brahmAnaMda kA saciva yA sahodara (bhrAtA) kahanA ucita hI hai| bharata muni ne apane nATyazAstra meM, nATakocita ATha rasoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, kintu ve ina vividha rasoM kA mUlAdhAra eka "mahArasa' mAnate haiN| zRMgArAdi vividha rasa isa mahArasa ke aMza mAtra haiN| mahArasa kA eka avarNanIya sthAyI bhAva hotA hai| rajoguNa aura tamoguNa se nirmukta citta kI zuddha sattvAtmaka avasthA hI yaha sthAyI bhAva hai| citta ke isa zAMta aura AnandamayI avasthA kA nirdeza, alaMkArakaustubhakAra karNapUra ne "AsvAdAMkura' zabda se kiyA hai, yaha AsvAdAMkura vibhAvAdi rUpa upAdhiyoM ke saMyoga se, zRMgArAdi rasoM kI avasthA meM pallavita aura puSpita hotA hai| saMsAra meM ekatA meM anekatA kI pratIti upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa hI hotI hai| vastutaH ekamevAdvitIya AnaMda meM zRMgAravIrAdi anekavidha AnaMdoM kI pratIti vibhAvAdi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa hI hotI hai| (AgAmI nATya vAGmaya viSayaka prakaraNa meM nATyazAstra kI carcA meM nATyadRSTyA rasa kA vivecana kiyA hai|) 272/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa - 11 "nATyavAGmaya" 1 nATakoM kA prAraMbha saMskRta sAhityazAstrakAroM ne kAvya ke do prakAra mAne haiN| 1) zrAvya aura 2) dRshy| nATyavAGmaya kA antarbhAva dRzya athavA dRzya zrAvyakAvya meM hotA hai| bhAratIya paraMparA ke anusAra nATyoM kA udagam anya sabhI vidyAoM ke samAna, vedoM se mAnA jAtA hai| Rgveda meM kucha nATyAnukUla manorama saMvAda milate haiM, jaise 1) saramApaNi, 2) yama-yamI, 3) vizvAmitra-nadI, 4) agni-deva aura 5) pururavA uurvshii| ina saMvAdoM kA gAyana yA paThana abhinaya sahita hone para nATyadarzana kA anubhava ho sakatA hai| dazama maMDala ke 119 veM sUkta meM somayAga se pramatta indradeva kA bhASaNa "svagata' yA AkAzabhASita" sA pratIta hotA hai| AThave maMDala ke 33 veM sUkta meM, plAyogI nAmaka strIveSadhArI puruSa ko indra dvArA die hue AdezoM meM nATakIyatA kA pratyaya AtA hai| yajurveda ke rudrAdhyAya meM aura atharvaveda ke khilasUkta (navama kAMDa 134 vAM sUkta) meM kumArI aura brahmacArI ke saMvAda meM nATyAtmakatA paryApta mAtrA meM dikhAI detI hai| vaidikoM kI yajJavidhi meM nATakoM kA mUla dekhane vAle vidvAna, somayAga kA somakraya aura mahAvrata yajJa meM calane vAle naTa-naTI ke nRtya gIta tathA vAdyoM kI ora saMketa karate haiN| upaniSadoM ke kucha saMvAdoM para AdhArita choTe choTe saMskRta nATyapraveza karnATaka ke eka vidvAna DaoN. pAMDuraMgI ne hAla hI meM prakAzita kie haiN| vedottarakAlIna vAlmIki rAmAyaNa (1-18-18) meM aura mahAbhArata (vana parva 15-14, zAMtiparva 69, 51, 60) meM paurANika evaM aitihAsika upAkhyAna ke artha meM "nATaka" zabda kA prayoga huA hai| una AkhyAna-upAkhyAnoM kA sAbhinaya gAyana, nATaka kA AbhAsa kara sakatA hai| harivaMza ke viSNuparva meM eka ullekha AtA hai, jisa meM pradyumna, sAMba aura gada ina tIna yaduputroM dvArA prayukta raMbhA nalakUbara kI kathA ke nATyaprayoga kA ullekha AtA hai| harivaMza meM dUsarA ullekha milatA hai ki vajraNAbha daitya kA damana karane ke lie zrIkRSNa ne apane putroM ko niyukta kiyA thaa| apane prayANa ke samaya unhoMne eka rAmAyaNIya ghaTanA para AdhArita nATyaprayoga kiyA thaa| nATakoM ke astitva kA prAcIna nirdeza pANini (I. pU. 6 zatI) kI aSTAdhyAyI meM "pArAzaryazilAlibhyAM bhikSunaTasUtrayoH" aura "karmandakRzAzvAdini" ina sUtroM meM milatA hai| tadnusAra zilAli aura kRzAzva ke naTasUtra nAmaka granthoM ke astitva kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| ina naTasUtroM meM bharatanATyazAstra ke samAna nATakoM se saMbaMdhita niyama rahe hoNge| aise niyama lakSyabhUta nATyavAGmaya ke abhAva meM honA asaMbhava hai| lakSya graMthoM ke abhAva meM lakSaNa graMtha kabhI bhI nahIM ho skte| kAzikAvRtti ke anusAra, nATyagraMthoM kI prAcIna kAla meM AmnAya jaisI pratiSThA thii| bharatanATyazAstra, naToM ko zailAtika kahatA hai; to pANini unheM zailAlin kahate haiN| pataMjali ke mahAbhASya meM "ye tAvad ete zobhanikA nAma ete pratyakSaM kasaM ghAtayanti, pratyakSaM baliM bandhayanti" isa prakAra ke vAkya Ate haiM jinase tatkAlIna nATyaprayoga kA anumAna ho sakatA hai| kauTilIya arthazAstra (I. pU. 4 thI zatI) meM guptacaroM meM naTa-nartakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| nATyazAlA aura kalAkAroM kA prazikSaNa bhI vahAM nirdiSTa hai| prAcIna bauddha aura jaina vAGmaya meM bhI nATakoM ke dhArmika mahattva kA paricaya milatA hai| bauddha sUtroM meM bhikSuoM ke lie, visukadassana, nacca, pekkhA Adi ajJAta svarUpa vAle dRzya dekhane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| paraMtu kAlAntara meM yaha bhAva badala gayA hogA, kyoM ki Aja upalabdha prAcInatama nATaka (sAriputta prakaraNa) azvaghoSa kRta bauddha vAGmaya ke antargata hai| lalitavistara meM bhagavAna buddha ko nATyakalA kA bhI jJAtA batAyA gayA hai| buddha ke samakAlIna biMbisArane eka nATaka kA abhinaya karAyA thA, aisA ullekha milatA hai| avadAnazataka ke anusAra nATyakalA bahuta prAcIna hai| saddharmapuNDarIka para bauddha nATakoM kA hI prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| jainoM ne bhI nATya, sadRzya vihAroM ke niSedha ke sAtha sAtha gIta, vAdya aura nRtya ke abhinaya ko mAnyatA dI hai| apane dharma ke pracAra ke lie jainiyoM ne bhI nATakoM kA Azraya liyA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /213 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ina vividha pramANoM se atiprAcIna kAla se bhArata meM nATyavAGmaya tathA nATyakalA kA vikAsa aura vistAra huA thA, yaha tathya siddha hotA hai| isa viSaya ke aMgoM evaM upAMgoM kI zAstrIya carcA bhI saMsAra ke isa prAcInatama rASTra meM atiprAcIna kAla se zuru huI dikhAI detI hai| bharata kA nATyazAstra bharatAcArya kRta nATyazAstra yaha graMtha bhAratIya nATyazAstrIya vAGmaya meM agragaNya aura parama pramANabhUta yAne "paMcama veda" mAnA gayA hai| bharata ke AvirbhAva kA kAla nizcita nahIM haiN| yUropIya vidvAnoM meM hemana ke matAnusAra bharata isA pUrvakAlIna haiN| renaoNDa ke matAnusAra IsA kI prathama zatI, pizala ke matAnusAra IsA kI chaThI yA sAtavIM zatI, zrI prabhAkara bhAMDArakara ke matAnusAra I. 4 thI zatI aura haraprasAda zAstrI ke matAnusAra IsApUrva dUsarI zatI meM nATyazAstrakAra bharata kA AvirbhAva mAnA gayA hai| isa prAcIna nATyazAstrakAra ne apane pUrvavartI, zilAlI, kRzAzva, dhUrtila, zANDilya, svAti, nArada, puSkara Adi zAstrakAroM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| inake atirikta abhinavabhAratI (bharatanATyazAstra kI TIkA) meM sadAziva, padma aura kohala kA ullekha AtA hai| dhanika ke dazarUpaka meM druhiNa aura vyAsa ke nAma milate haiM aura zAradAtanayakRta bhAvaprakAra meM AMjaneya kA nirdeza huA hai| ye sAre nAma purANoM, sUtragraMthoM aura vaidika saMhitAoM meM yatra tatra milate haiN| ___ bharata ke nATyazAstra meM saMgIta, nRtya, zilpa, chandaHzAstra, vividha bhASA prayoga, raMgabhUmi kI racanA, naTa, zrotAgaNa, ityAdi nATyakalAviSayaka vividha viSayoM kA vivecana huA hai| mAtRgupta, bhaTTanAyaka, zaMkuka (9 vIM zatI) aura abhinavagupta (I. 10 vIM zatI) ina vidvAnoM ne nATyazAstra para TIkAeM likhI haiN| agnipurANa (a. 337-341) meM nATyaviSayaka jo bhI jAnakArI dI gaI hai, usakA AdhAra bharatanATyazAstra hI mAnA jAtA hai| nATya kI kathArUpa upapatti bharatamuni ne nATya ke udagama kI upapatti kathArUpa meM batAI hai| tadanusAra tretAyuga meM kAmakrodhAdi vikAroM se trasta indrAdi devatA brahmAjI ke pAsa jAkara strI-zUdrAdi ajJa logoM kA manoraMjana karane vAle dRzya aura zrAvya krIDAsAdhana kI yAcanA karane lge| brahmAjI ne unakI bAta mAnakara, catuvarga aura itihAsa se sammilita "paMcama veda" arthAt nATyaveda nirmANa kiyA hai| "jagrAha pAThyamRgvedAt sAmabhyo gItameva c| yajurvedAdabhinayAn rasAnAthavarNAdapi / / " isa vacana ke anusAra, Rgveda se pAThya, sAmaveda se gIta, yajurveda se nRtyAdi abhinaya aura atharvaveda se rasa lekara brahmAjI ne una devatAoM kI apekSA pUrI kii| brahmA ke Adeza se vizvakarmA ne raMgazAlA bnaaii| apane sau putroM kI sahAyatA se, zivajI se tANDava, pArvatI se lAsya aura viSNu bhagavAn se nATyavRttiyA~ prApta kara, indradhvaja mahotsava ke avasara para, bharatamuni ne prathama nATyaprayoga kiyA jisameM devatAoM kI vijaya aura asuroM kI parAjaya dikhAI gaI thii| apane nATyazAstra ke prathama adhyAya meM nATyaprayoga kI yaha adbhUta upapatti bharata muni ne dI hai| isI adhyAya meM nATya kI vyAkhyA batAI hai| ___ "yo'yaM svabhAvo lokasya sukhduHkhsmnvitH| so'GgAdyabhinayopetaH nATyamityabhidhIyate / / (nATyazAstra 1-119) arthAt isa saMsAra meM vyakta huA, mAnavoM kA sukhaduHkhAtmaka svabhAva, jaba aMgAdi abhinayoM dvArA pradarzita hotA hai, taba use nATya kahate haiN| pAzcAtya vicAra pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhAratIya nATaka kI utpatti ke viSaya meM vividha prakAra kI upapattiyA~ dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| zrI vebara aura viMDiza kA mata hai ki bhArata meM nATakoM kA prAdurbhAva yUnAnI nATaka se huA hai| bhArata meM rahe hue yUnAnI zAsakoM ne apanI rAjasabhAoM meM yUnAnI nATakoM kA abhinaya karAyA hogaa| unake prabhAva se bhAratIya sAhityikoM ne saMskRta bhASA meM nATaka racanA kI hogii| I. pU. prathama zatAbdI meM yUnAnI zAsaka bhAratIya jIvana meM sammilita hone lage the| bAdazAha sikandara nATakoM meM vizeSa ruci rakhatA thaa| usake vijita dezoM meM sarvatra yUnAnI nATakoM kA abhinaya huA hogaa| usa prAcIna kAla meM ujjayinI aura alekjeMDriyA meM vyApAra hotA thaa| saMskRta nATaka meM "yavanikA" (yA javanikA) zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| yaha zabda yUnAnI prabhAva kA dyotaka hai, kyoM ki yaha yavana (arthAta yUnAnI) zabda se vyutpanna huA hai| bhAratIya aura yUnAnI nATaka meM vastusAmya pAyA jAtA hai| donoM meM rAjA kA eka yuvatI se prema, usameM aneka vighna aura aMta meM sukhadAyaka milana, abhijJAna, prayoga, DAkuoM dvArA nAyikA kA apaharaNa, samudra meM jahAja TUTane se nAyikA kA vipattigrasta honA Adi bAteM donoM dezoM ke nATakoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| 214/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrI pizela ne "sUtradhAra" jaise zabdoM ke AdhAra para saMskRta nATaka kI utpatti kA srota, kaThaputalI ke nAca ko mAnA hai| DaoN. kItha, meksamUlara, haTeMla, olDenabarga jaise vidvAna, Rgveda ke saMvAda sUktoM meM saMskRta nATakoM kA mUla dekhate haiN| unake matAnusAra ina saMvAdAtmaka sUktoM kI saMkhyA anizcita hote hue bhI paryApta hai| yAjJika paraMparA meM ina saMvAdoM kA koI upayoga jJAta nahIM hai| olDenabarga kA mata hai ki ina sUktoM ke maMtra kinhIM gadyamaya AkhyAnoM ke aMga hai, jinameM utkaTa bhAvoM ko padyoM meM grathita kiyA gayA thaa| isa mata kA pratipAdana karane ke lie aitareya brAhmaNa ke zunaHzepa AkhyAna aura zatapatha brAhmaNa ke pururavA-UrvazI AkhyAna ke udAharaNa diye jAte haiN| pro. kItha aura hilebrAMDa jaise vidvAnoM ne saMskRta nATaka kI utpatti kI kalpanA vaidika yajJoM kI kucha vidhiyoM meM mAnI hai| isake udAharaNa meM, somayAga meM somakraya aura mahAvrata meM zvetavarNa vaizya aura kRSNa varNa zUdra kA jhagar3A (jisameM vaizya vijayI hokara zvetavarNa gola carmakhaMDa ko prApta karatA hai) nirdiSTa kiyA jAtA hai| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM ullikhita kaMsavadha aura balibandha ko dhArmika nATaka mAnakara DA. kItha saMskRta nATakoM kI utpatti aura vikAsa, dhArmika kRtyoM aura bhAvanAoM meM nihita mAnate haiN| unake vicAra meM kaMsavadha meM, vanaspatiyoM kI zrIvRddhi kI kAmanA ke nimitta kriyAkalApoM kA hI pariSkRta rUpakAtmaka varNana hai| nATakoM meM vidUSaka kI sattA bhI, nATakoM kI dhArmika kriyAoM se utpatti kI dyotaka mAnI gaI hai| "vidUSaka' pada kA artha hai dUSaNa, gAliyA~ denevAlA vykti| saMskRta nATakoM meM, vidUSaka kA rAnI kI dAsiyoM se kaI bAra garamAgarama uttara pratyuttara hotA hai jisameM use mAra bhI khAnI par3atI hai| isa ghaTanA kA mUla DA. kItha, mahAvrata ke brAhmaNa-gaNikA saMvAda tathA somayAga ke somakraya meM pITe jAnevAle zUdra se jor3ate haiN| vidUSaka brAhmaNa hotA hai, ataH usakA mUla mahAvrata ke brAhmaNa-gaNikA saMvAda ke gAlIpradAna meM ho sakatA hai| nATaka ke prAraMbha meM, indradhvaja kA namaskAra pramukha kRtya hai| bharatanATyazAstra meM ullakhita, mRtyuloka meM pradarzita sarvaprathama nATaka kA prayoga bhI "indradhvajamaha" (maha = utsava) ke avasara para kiyA gayA thaa| indradhvajapraNAma kA yaha pramukha kRtya bhI nATaka kI dhArmika utpatti kA eka prabala pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| paM. haraprasAda zAstrI, nATaka kI utpatti indradhvaja pramANAma kI vidhi meM hI mAnate haiN| kRSNajanmASTamI ke avasara para, kRSNa ke janma aura kaMsa ke vadha kA abhinaya kRSNa kI rAsalIlA aura kRSNa yAtrAeM, bhAratIya nATaka para kRSNopAsanA kA prabhAva sUcita karatI haiN| nATakoM meM zaurasenI gadya kI pradhAnatA bhI zrIkRSNa kI lIlAbhUmi (zUrasena pradeza) kA prabhAva sUcita karatI hai| zrI. belavalakara jaise kucha vidvAn nATaka kA udgama vaidika karmakANDa ke sAtha kiye jAne vAle vinodoM meM mAnate hai| pro. hilebAMDa aura kono kA mata hai ki nATaka kI utpatti dhArmika kriyAkalApoM se mAnanA ayogya hai| ina ko nATaka ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| nATaka kA mUla laukika hI hai| logoM meM anukaraNa kI pravRtti svAbhAvika hotI hai| usa anukaraNa kI kalA meM nipuNa kuzIlava, sUta, bhaMDa jaise kalAkAroM ne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi vIrakAvyoM kI sahAyatA se nATakoM kA vikAsa kiyA hai| ye anukaraNa kuzala loga gAne, bajAne, nAcane meM tathA indrajAla, mUka abhinaya aura tatsadRza kalAoM meM bhI nipuNa the| pro. lyUDarsa ke vicAra meM saMskRta nATaka ke vikAsa meM "chAyA nATaka" eka mahattvapUrNa tattva rahA hai| mahAbhASya meM varNita "zobhanika" (athavA zobhika) mUka abhinetAoM yA chAyAmUrtiyoM kI ceSTAoM ke vyAkhyAtA the| pro. lyUDarsa yaha bhI jAnate haiM ki vIrakAvyoM kI kathAoM ko chAyAcitroM dvArA hRdayaMgama karAyA jAtA thaa| prAcIna naToM kI kalA se milakara chAyAcitroM kA pradarzana nATaka ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| pro. levI kA vicAra hai ki bhAratIya nATaka pahale prAkRta bhASA meM astitva meM aae| saMskRta cirakAla taka dhArmika bhASA mAnI jAtI rhii| usakA sAhitya meM prayoga bahuta bAda meM huaa| taba hI nATakoM meM kramazaH saMskRta kA prayoga AraMbha huaa| unake vicAra meM nATakoM meM prAkRta bhASAprayoga kA yathArthatA se koI saMbaMdha nahIM kyoM ki bhAratIyoM meM yathArthakatA ke sRjana kI pravRtti kA abhAva rahA hai| apane isa mata kI puSTi meM unhoMne nATyazAstra ke kucha pAribhASika zabdoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai, jinakA rupa vicitra sA hai aura jinameM mUrdhanya vargoM kI bahulatA, unake prAkRta mUla ko sUcita karatI hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne isa prakAra, saMskRta nATya ke udagama tathA vikAsa ke viSaya meM jo vividha upapattiyA~ sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, prAyaH sabhI ke yuktivAdoM evaM pramANoM kA khaMDana ho cukA hai| tathApi isa viSaya meM huI bahumukhI carcA nizcita hI mahattvapUrNa hai| 2 nATyazAstrIya pramukha graMtha pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM ullikhita naTasUtra abhI taka prApta nahIM hue| ataH bharata kA "nATyazAstra" nAmaka Akara graMtha hI isa viSaya kA Adya aura sarvazreSTha graMtha mAnA gayA hai| 36 adhyAyoM ke isa graMtha kA svarUpa eka sAMskRtika jJAnakoza saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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ke samAna hai| ataH isameM tatkAlIna nATyakalA evaM saMgIta Adi AnuSaMgika kalA viSayaka bharapUra jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| viSayoM kI vividhatA ke kAraNa pa. baladeva upAdhyAya, DA. go. ke. bhaTa jaise vidvAna nATyazAstra ko ekakartRka nahIM maante| bharata muni ne dI huI nATyamaMDapa athavA prekSAgRha viSayaka jAnakArI, usa prAcIna kAla kI zilpakalA kI paricAyaka hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra nATyagRhoM kI kalpanA bhAratIyoM ne grIka sabhyatA se lI hogI, kyoM ki prAcIna bhArata meM nATyaprayoga prAyaH rAjasabhA meM athavA maMdiroM meM hote the| bharata nATyazAstra meM upalabdha nATyagRha viSayaka vivecana se pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke mata kA anAyAsa hI khaMDana hotA hai| nATyazAstra meM vikRSTa (laMba catuSkoNI) caturasra (catuSkoNI) aura tryastra (trikoNI ) nATyagRha kA varNana diyA hai| inake bhI pratyekazaH jeSTha, madhyama aura kaniSTha prakAra batAe haiN| nATyagRha ke cAra staMbhoM ko brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra saMjJAeM thiiN| prekSAgRha meM raMgapITha, raMgazIrSa aura mattavAraNI nAmaka vibhAga kalAkAroM ke upayoga ke lie rakhe jAte the pardA rahatA thaa| raMgabhUmi para do parde lagA kara, unase tIna vibhAga karane kI prathA thii| saMgIta cUDAmaNi, mAnasAra ityAdi graMthoM meM bhI nATyagRhoM kA varNana milatA hai paraMtu unakA pramANa nATyazAstra ke pramANa se bhinna thaa| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dazarUpaka : bharata nATyazAstra ke bAda likhe hue nATyaviSayaka graMthoM meM dazarUpaka eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| rUpaka arthAt dRzyakAvya ko hI pratipAdya viSaya mAnakara, bharatakRta nATyazAstra ke AdhArapara isa graMtha kI racanA viSNuputra dhanaMjaya ne kI hai| dhanaMjaya, mAlava deza ke paramAravaMzIya rAjA muMja ke samakAlIna (I. 10 vIM zatI) the| dazarUpaka para viSNuputra dhanika ne "avaloka" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| arthAt dhanaMjaya aura dhanika sahodara the| pratAparudvIya : dazarUpaka ke AdhAra para vidyAnAtha ne pratAparudrIya athavA pratAparudrayazobhUSaNa nAmaka graMtha likhA hai| isa saMpUrNa graMtha kA viSaya hai sAhityazAstra, paraMtu usake pAMcave bhAga meM, graMthakAra ne eka paMcAMkI nATaka udAharaNa ke lie prastuta kiyA hai, jisameM apane AzrayadAtA, varaMgaLa ke kAkatIya vaMza ke rAjA pratAparudra (I. 13-14 vI zatI) kI bhUri bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| sAhityadarpaNa: mammaTAcArya ke kAvyaprakAza ke samAna kavirAja vizvanAtha kA yaha graMtha sAhityazAstra ke vividha aMgopAMgoM kA vivecana karatA hai| paraMtu kAvyaprakAza ke samAna isameM nATya viSayaka carcA kI upekSA nahIM huI haiN| sAhityadarpaNa ke tIsare aura chaTheM pariccheda meM, nATyazAstra kI sodAharaNa carcA vizvanAtha ne kI hai| yaha sArA pratipAdana, nATyazAstra aura mukhyataH dazarUpaka para AdhArita hai| vizvanAtha ke pitAmaha kA nAma thA nArAyaNa aura pitA caMdrazekhara "sAMdhivigrahika mahApAtra', upAdhi se vibhUSita the jaganmohana zarmA ke matAnusAra vizvanAtha ne pUrva baMgAla meM (Adhunika bAMgalA deza meM) san 1500 meM brahmaputrA ke kinAre rahate hue sAhityadarpaNa kI racanA kii| baro nAmaka pAzcAtya vidvAna ne vizvanAtha kA samaya 12 vIM zatI mAnA hai| ma.ma. bhArataratna pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe ne vizvanAtha kA AvirbhAva kAla 14 vIM zatI siddha kiyA hai| kAvyaprakAzadarpaNa nAmaka kAvyaprakAza kI TIkA, vizvanAtha ne likhI hai, jisameM aneka saMskRta zabdoM ke artha uDiyA bhASA meM batAye gae haiN| vizvanAtha ke utkaladezI hone kA yaha prabala pramANa ho sakatA hai| 1 inake atirikta sAgaranaMdI (11 vIM zatI) kRta nATakalakSaNa - ratnakoza, hemacaMdra kA kAvyAnuzAsana, rAmacaMdra guNacaMdra ( hemacaMdra ke ziSya) kA nAdarpaNa (jisa meM dhanaMjaya ke matoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai|) ruyyaka (rucaka) kRta nATakamImAMsA, bhojakRta sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa tathA zRMgAraprakAza aura zAradAtanayakRta bhAvaprakAza graMtha nATyazAstrIya vAGmaya meM ullekhanIya haiN| zrI rUpagosvAmI (16 vIM zatI), kAmarAja dIkSita (17 vIM zatI) narasiMha sUri (18 vIM zatI) aura kuravirAma ne bhI nATyaviSayaka carcA apane apane graMthoM meM kI hai| nATya zAstra viSayaka vividha graMthoM meM 1 ) pratipAdya viSaya eka hI hone ke kAraNa aura 2) unakA mUlasrota prAyaH eka hI hone ke kAraNa, viSaya ke vivecana meM samAnatA hai| kahIM kahIM kiMcit matabheda milatA hai| jaise rUpaka ke dasa prakAra bharata, dhanaMjaya, vidyAnAtha, vizvanAtha ziMgabhUpAla aura zAradAtanaya mAnate haiM paraMtu nATikA aura sar3aka ko milA kara bhoja aura hemacaMdra bAraha prakAra mAnate haiM / kintu nATikA aura troTaka ke sahita sAgaranaMdI bAraha bheda mAnate haiM to nATikA aura prakaraNikA ke sAtha bAraha prakAra, rAmacaMdra - guNacaMdra ne mAne haiN| isa prakAra ke nAmamAtra matabheda ke atirikta saMskRta nATyazAstra meM sarvatra samAnatA hI milatI hai| 216 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa aMtaraMga 3 nATyazAstra kA nATya ke artha meM "rUpaka" zabda kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se hotA AyA hai| saMskRta nATyavAGmaya meM rUpaka aura uparUpaka nAmaka do pramukha bheda milate haiN| rUpaka nATyAtmaka aura uparUpaka nRtyAtmaka hote haiN| rUpaka rasapradhAna, caturvidha abhinayAtmaka aura vAkyArthAbhinayaniSTha hotA hai, to usake viparIta nRtya, bhAvAzraya aura padArthabhinayAtmaka hotA hai| jo tAlalayAzraya tathA abhinayazUnya aMgavikSepAtmaka hotA hai, use "nRta" kahA gayA hai| - For Private and Personal Use Only

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rUpaka ke dasa prakAra : nATaka, prakaraNa, bhANa, vyAyoga, samavakAra, Dima, IhAmRga utsRSTikAMka, vIthI aura prahasana ina dasa rUpakoM meM sarvAMgaparipUrNatA ke kAraNa "nATaka" nAmaka rUpakaprakAra pramukha mAnA gayA hai| zAstrakAroM ne paramAnaMdarUpa rasAsvAda, dazavidha rUpakoM kA prayojana yA phala mAnA hai| vastu (kathA), nAyaka aura rasa ina tIna kAraNoM se rUpaka meM dasa bheda nirmANa hote haiM, tadanusAra dasoM rUpakoM kA svarUpabheda saMkSepataH batAyA jA sakatA hai jaise : 1) nATaka : kathA, prakhyAta / nAyaka : divya, adivya, divyAdivya evN| dhIrodAtta guNasaMpanna / nAyikA : nAyaka ke anurUpa divya athavA adivy| pradhAna rasa : zRMgAra athavA viir| aMkasaMkhyA : 5 se 10 tk| dasa se adhika aMka vAle nATaka ko vizvanAtha ne "mahAnATaka" saMjJA dI hai| 2) prakaraNa : kathA : klpit| nAyaka : amAtya, brAhmaNa, athavA vaNik (vyApArI) dhIraprazAnta gunnyukt| (rAmacaMdra-guNacaMdra ke matAnusAra dhIrodatta) "nAyikA : kulastrI athavA veshyaa| vidUSaka aura viTa aavshyk| aMkasaMkhyA : 101 3) bhANa : eka dhUrta pAtra caahie| uktiprayukti / bhAratI vRtti / aMka : 1 / pradhAnarasa : vIra, zRMgAra, hAsya / vRtti : kaishikii| 4) prahasana : 1) zuddha, uttama paatryukt| 2) saMkIrNa : adhama pAtrayukta 3) vikRta : aMkasaMkhyA : 2 / 5) Dima : prakhyAta vastu / zRMgAra aura hAsya rasa varNya / nAyaka saMkhyA 16 1 aMka saMsyA 4 / vRtti sAtvatI aura ArabhaTI / aMgIrasa : raudra 6) vyAyoga : nAyaka : divya prakhyAta rAjarSi / aMka : 1 / yuddhdrshn| rasa : raudra aura viir| nAyaka saMkhyA : zAradAtanaya ke matAnusAra 3 se 10 tk| 7) samavakAra : devadaitya kthaa| aMka 3 / pratyeka aMka meM 4 naayk| kula-nAyakasaMkhyA : 12 / pratinAyaka : asura / bharata ke matAnusAra samavakAra meM tri-vidrava, tri-kaSTa aura tri-zRMgAra caahie| 8) utsRSTikAMka : vastu prakhyAta / aprakhyAta divya puruSoM kA abhaav| yuddha kA abhaav| vRtti bhAratI aMka 1 / 1) vIthI: aMka 1 / pAtra : eka yA do| pradhAnarasa : shRNgaar| anya sabhI rasa caahie| 10IhAmRga : vastu prakhyAta / pAtra : divya uddht| strInimittaka yuddha / aMka 4 / rasa : zRMgAra / aMkoM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra dasa rUpakoM ke chaH bheda hote haiM jaise :eka aMka = bhANa, vyAyoga, vIthI aura utsRssttikaaNk| cAra aMka = Dima, iihaamRg| do aMka = prhsn| pA~ca se sAta aMka = nATaka / tIna aMka = smvkaar| ATha se dasa aMka = prakaraNa / nAyaka saMkhyA kI dRSTi se aneka nAyaka vAle rUpaka tIna hote haiN| Dima : 16 naayk| samavakAra : 4 naayk| vyAyoga : 3 se 10 tk| uparUpaka uparUpaka ke 14 prakAra dhanaMjaya mAnate haiM to vizvanAtha ke anusAra usake 18 prakAra hote haiN| 1) nATikA : yaha nATaka kA uparUpaka mAnA jAtA hai| aMka 4 / rasa : shRNgaar| nAyaka : dhiirllit| nAyikA : do hotI haiN| 1) jyeSThA aura 2) knisstthaa| nAyaka : prakhyAta raajaa| vRtti : kaishikii| isameM nRtyagIta kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| 2) troTaka : vizvanAtha ke matAnusAra isameM 5, 7 yA 1 aMka hote haiN| pratyeka aMka meM vidUSaka kA praveza Avazyaka hai| devatA aura mAnavoM kI mizrakathA hotI hai| kAlidAsa kA vikramorvazIya troTaka kA udAharaNa hai|| 3) goSThI : isameM puruSa pAtra 10 aura strI pAtra 6 hote haiN| vRtti : kaishikii| 4) saTTaka : nATikA ke smaan| vRtti : kauzikI evaM bhaartii| prAkRtabhASApradhAna : isameM sAttvika rasa kA mahattva hotA hai| 5) nATyarAsaka : nAyaka : udAtta / nAyikA : vaasksjaa| aMka 1 / rasa : hAsya, shRNgaar| sNgiitprcur| 10 prakAra ke lAsyAMga prayukta hote haiN|| 6) prasthAnaka : isameM nAyaka - nAyikA dAsa-dAsI hote haiN| vRtti : kaishikii| sNgiitprcur| 7) ullAdha : zAradAtanaya ke matAnusAra isameM 4 nAyikA aura nAyaka hote haiN| aMka : 1 / kaizikI, sAtvatI, ArabhaTI aura bhAratI ye cAroM vRttiyA~ aavshyk| rasa : zRMgAra, haas| saMgItapracura / 8) prekSaNaka : vizvanAtha ke matAnusAra isameM nAyaka nahIM hotaa| sAgaranaMdI ke matAnusAra vividha bhASAeM hotI haiN| una meM zaurasenI prmukh| aMka 1, cAroM vRttiyA~ aavshyk| 1) rAsaka : prakhyAta nAyaka aura nAyikA / pAtrasaMkhyA- pAMca / nAyaka mUDha hotA hai| aMka 1 / vRttiyA~ kaizikI aura bhaartii| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 217 For Private and Personal Use Only

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10) saMlApaka : nAyaka paakhNddii| saMgrAma chala, bhrama ke dRzya aavshyk| aMka 3 yA 4 / rasa-zRMgAra aura krunn| vRttiyAM kaizikI aura bhaartii| 11) zrIgadita : kathAvastu aura nAyaka prakhyAta caahie| bhASA sNskRt| arthAt bhAratI vRtti| aMka 1 / 12) zilpaka : nAyaka brAhmaNa / upanAyaka hIna / aMka 4 / vRttiyA~ 41 ATho rasoM kA udreka / zmazAnAdi ke varNana aavshyk| 13) vilAsikA : nAyaka adhama prkRti| aMka 1 / shRNgaarprcur| dasa lAsyAMga aavshyk| 14) durmallikA : isameM 4 aMkoM meM kramazaH viTa, vidUSaka, pIThamarda aura aMta meM nAyaka isa prakAra krIDA dikhAI jAtI hai| kathAvastu utpAdya (arthAt kAlpanika) jisameM nAyaka nIca prakRti kA hotA hai| vRtti kaishikii| 15) prakaraNikA : yaha prakaraNa nAmaka pramukha rUpaka kA uparUpaka mAnA jAtA hai| kathAvastu utpaady| nAyaka nAyikA - vaNik varga ke hote haiN| anya svarUpa nATikA se samAna hote haiN| 16) hallIza : aMka 1 (zAradAtanaya ke matAnusAra aMkasaMkhyA 2) dhIra lalita avasthA vAle pA~ca chaH dakSiNa puruSa aura strIpAtra ATha caahie| nAyaka udAtta prakRti vaalaa| 17) bhANikA : yaha bhANa kA uparUpaka mAnA gayA hai| aMka 1 / nAyikA udAtta, nAyaka nIca prakRti / vRttiyA~ bhAratI aura kaishikii| __ bharata ne ina dasa rUpakoM evaM satraha uparUpakoM kA prayojana, hitopadeza aura krIDA-sukha kahA hai| (hitopadezajananaM vRtikrIDAsukhAdikRt) nATyazAstra 1-193) abhinavagupta ke matAnusAra isa rUpaka vAGmaya kA kArya guDamizrita kaTu auSadhi ke samAna hotA hai, jisase zrAnta logoM kA cittavikSepa yA manoraMjana hotA hai| (guDacchanna-kaTukoSadhakalpaM cittvikssepmaatrphlm|) rasoM ke anusAra rUpakoM kA vargIkaraNa (1) zRMgAra pradhAna - nATaka, prakaraNa, (vIrarasa gauNa) vIthI aura iihaamRg| vIrarasapradhAna-samavakAra, vyAyoga aura Dima (raudrshit)| hAsyarasapradhAna - prhsn| karuNapradhAna- utsRssttikaaNk| nATaka meM jaba zRMgArarasa pradhAna hotA hai, taba vIra gauNa, aura jaba vIrarasa pradhAna hotA hai, taba zRMgAra gauNa hotA hai| IsA pUrva kAla meM prAcIna bhArata meM chAyAnATaka nAmaka nATyaprakAra pracalita thaa| mahAbhArata aura therIgAthA meM chAyAnATaka ke ullekha milate haiN| mahAbhArata meM rUpopajIvanam zabda AtA hai, jisake spaSTIkaraNa meM TIkAkAra nIlakaNTha ne "chAyAnATaka" kA varNana diyA hai| tadanusAra dIpaka aura padoM ke bIca meM sthApita kASTha-mUrtiyoM ke avayavoM ko sUtra se calita kara parde para chAyA ke rUpa meM paurANika ghaTanAoM ke dRzya dikhAe jAte the| eka mata aisA hai ki, bhArata se hI yaha nATya kalA jAvA, bAlI, sumAtrA, Adi pUrva eziyA ke pradezoM meM prasRta huii| yaha kalA Aja bhI una dezoM meM jIvita hai, jaba ki bhArata meM usakA lopa ho cukA hai| subhaTa kavi kRta dUtAMgada nAmaka chAyAnATaka kA prayoga san 1243 meM cAlukya rAjA tribhuvanapAla ke nimaMtraNAnusAra, kumArapAladeva ke sammAnArtha anahilavADa paTTaNa (gujarAta) meM huA thA aisA ullekha milatA hai| 4 vastuzodhana bahusaMkhya saMskRta rUpakoM kI vastu yA kathA prAyaH rAmAyaNa mahAbhArata aura guNADhya kI bRhatkathA se lI gaI hai| dazarUpakakAra ne mUla kathA ko rUpakocita karane ke lie "vastuzodhana" ke kucha niyama batAe haiN| tadanusAra mUla kathA meM nAyaka kA vyaktitva aura rasayojanA inakI aura dhyAna dete hue, mUla kathA meM jo anucita yA rasa ke viruddha bhAga hogA, usakA tyAga karanA cAhiye, athavA kisI anya rIti se usakI yojanA karanI caahie| jo mUla kathAMza nIrasa aura anucita hogA use arthopakSepakoM ke dvArA sUcita karanA caahiye| paraMtu jo kathAMza madhura, udAtta aura rasabhAvayukta ho, use raMgamaMca para avazya dikhAyA jAnA caahiye| yat tatrAnucitaM kiMcid nAyakasya rasasya vaa| viruddhaM tat parityAjyam anyathA vA prklpyet|| (da.rU. 3-24) nIraso'nucitastatra saMsUcyo vastuvistaraH / dRzyastu madhurodAtta-rasabhAva-niraMtaraH / / (da.rU. 1-57) arthopakSepaka nIrasa aura nATyaprayoga kI dRSTi se anucita kathAbhAga ko jina pAMca prakAroM se sUcita kiyA jAtA hai, unheM "arthopakSepaka" kahate haiN| usake pAMca prakAroM ke nAma haiM - (1) viSkambha (yA viSkambhaka), (2) cUlikA, (3) aMkAsya (yA aMkamukha) (4) aMkAvatAra aura (5) prveshk| prAyaH sabhI nATakoM meM ina meM se kucha prakAra dikhAI dete haiN| ___ anaucitya TAlane kI dRSTi se eka mahattvapUrNa sUcanA dI gaI hai ki nAyaka agara divya prakRti rAjA ho to usakA prema-prasaMga sAdhAraNa strI (arthAt gaNikA) ke sAtha citrita nahIM karanA caahiye| usI prakAra zaMgAra rasa ke varNana meM nAyikA "anyoDhA" (yAne dUsare se vivAhita strI) nahIM honI caahiye| sabhI rUpakoM kI (vizeSataH nATaka aura prakaraNa kI) kathA ke do vibhAga karane cAhiye jisa meM nIrasa aMza sUcya hogA aura bAkI sarasa aMza dRzya paMcasaMdhiyoM meM vibhAjita honA caahie| 218 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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nATyazAstra ke anusAra rUpaka kI kathAvastu kA vibhAjana pAMca saMdhiyoM meM karanA iSTa mAnA hai| ina pAMca saMdhiyoM ke kramazaH nAma haiM:- (1) mukha (2) pratimukha (3) garbha (4) avamarza aura (5) nirvahaNa ! ina pAMca sandhiyoM kI nirmiti, pAca athaprakRtiyoM aura pAMca kAryAvasthAoM ke yathAkrama samanvaya se hotI hai| pAMca arthaprakRtiyAM :- (1) bIja (2) bindu (3) patAkA, (4) prakarI aura (5) kArya pAMca kAryAvasthAeM :- (1) AraMbha (2) yatna (3) praptyAzA (4) niyatApti aura (5) phalAgama / pAMca sandhiyoM ke kula milAkara 64 aMga hote haiM jinakA nATaka racanA meM cha: prakAroM se prayojana hotA hai| iSTasyArthasya racanA, gaupyaguptiH prkaashnm| rAgaH prayogasyAzcarya vRttaantsyaanupkssyH|| (da.ru. 1-55) / isa kArikA meM ve chaH prayojana batAye gaye haiN| zAkuntala, uttararAmacarita, veNIsaMhAra ityAdi zreSTha nATakoM ko TIkAkAroM ne, una nATakoM ke kathAvikAsa kI carcA meM ina sandhiyoM ke 64 aMgoM kA yathAsthAna nirdeza kiyA hai| nATaka, prakaraNa ke atirikta gauNa rUpakaprakAroM meM pAMcoM sandhisthAna nahIM hote| aMka rUpakoM kA sarvazreSTha ghaTakAvayava hotA hai aNk| isameM nAyaka kA caritra pratyakSa rUpa se dikhAyA jAtA hai aura bindu nAmaka arthaprakRti vyApaka svarUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai| vaha nAnA prakAra ke nATakIya prayojana ke saMpAdana kA tathA rasa kA Azraya hotA hai| (pratyakSanetRcarito binduvyAptipuraskRtaH / aMko nAnAprakArArtha-saMvidhAnarasAzrayaH / / (da.rU. 3-30) aMka kA mukhya uddezya hotA hai dRzya vastu kA citrnn| aMka meM vastu kI yojanA aisI ho ki jisameM, kevala eka dina kI hI ghaTanA ho aura vaha bhI "ekArtha" yAne eka hI prayojana se saMbaddha ho| usameM nAyaka tIna yA cAra pAtroM ke sAtha rahe aura nAyaka sahita sAre pAtroM ke nirgamana ke sAtha aMka kI samApti ho| ekAhacaritaikArtham itthmaasnnnaaykm| pAtraistricaturaiH kuryAt teSAmante'sya nirgamaH / / (da.rU. 3-36) vastuzodhana kI dRSTi se kisI bhI aMka meM dIrgha pravAsa, vadha, yuddha, rAjyakrAnti, nagarI ko gherA DAlanA, bhojana, snAna, saMbhoga, ubaTana lagAnA, vastradhAraNa karanA ityAdi prakAra ke dRzya kisI bhI aMka meM maMca para nahIM batAnA caahiye| viSkambhaka, cUlikA ityAdi arthopakSepakoM meM unakI sUcanA kI jA sakatI hai| rUpaka ke vividha prakAroM meM, aMkoM kI saMkhyA zAstrakAroM ne nirdhArita kI hai, jisakA nirdeza prastuta adhyAya meM rUpaka prakAroM ke vibhAjana ke samaya prAraMbha meM kiyA gayA hai| pUrvaraMga nATaka kA prAraMbha "pUrvaraMga" ke vidhAna se hotA hai| pUrvaraMga kA artha hai nATyazAlA meM prayoga ke prAraMbha meM karane yogya maMgalAcaraNa, devatAstavana Adi dhArmika vidhi| isa pUrvaraMga kA vidhAna sUtradhAra dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| raMgadevatA kI pUjA karanevAle ko hI sUtradhAra kahate haiN| (raMgadaivatpUjAkRta sUtradhAra itiiritH|) sUtradhAra ke lauTa jAne para, usI taraha ke vaiSNava veza meM Akara jo dUsarA naTa kathAvastu ke kAvyArtha kI sthApanA karatA hai use "sthApaka" (kAvyArthasthApanAt sthApakaH) kahate haiN| yaha sthApaka, prayoga kI kathAvastu ke anurUpa divya, adivya (martya) athavA divyAdivya rUpa meM maMca para Akara, kAvyArtha kI sthApanA karate samaya, rUpaka kI kathAvastu, usake bIja (arthaprakRti) mukha yA pramukha pAtra kI sUcanA detA hai| (sUcayed vastu bIjaM vA mukhaM pAtramathApi vA (da.rU. 3-3) / isa prakAra vastubIjAdi kI sthApanA aura madhura zlokagAyana se raMgaprasAdana karanA yahI sthApaka ke praveza kA prayojana mAnA gayA hai| nATya prayoga ke prAraMbha meM saMbhAvya vinoM kA parihAra, devatAoM kI kRpA kA saMpAdana aura kAvyArthasUcaka ke nimitta, AzIrvacanayukta "nAndI" gAI jAtI hai| aneka nATakoM meM sUtradhAra hI nAndIgAyana yA maMgalAcaraNa karatA hai| to kaI nATakoM meM nAndIgAyana parde meM hone ke bAda sUtradhAra praveza karatA hai| isa ke bAda sAmAjikoM kA dhyAna, prayoga kI aura AkRSTa karane ke lie "prarocanA" (unmukhIkaraNaM tatra prazaMsAtaH prarocanA) arthAt nATaka kI prazaMsA, naTa dvArA kI jAtI hai| prastAvanA (yA jise Amukha bhI kahate hai) ke kathodghAt, pravRttaka aura prayogAtizaya nAmaka tIna aMga hote haiN| sUtradhAra isa prastAvanA meM naTI, vidUSaka yA pAripArzvaka ke sAtha vArtAlApa karate hue vicitra ukti dvArA prastuta vastu kI aura saMketa karatA hai| isa Amukha kA svarUpa, vIthI athavA prahasana nAmaka rUpaka ke samAna hotA hai| vidhI meM eka do pAtroM dvArA zRMgArika bhASaNa hotA hai aura prahasana meM eka viTa AkAzabhASita dvArA hAsyarasayukta bhASaNa karatA hai| isI kAraNa prarocanA, vIthI, prahasana aura Amukha ye cAra prakAra ke "kAvyArthasUcaka" mAne jAte haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 210 For Private and Personal Use Only

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5 nATyapAtra nATyazAstra meM vividha pAtroM ke prakAra tathA unake guNAvaguNa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| una meM mukhya puruSa pAtra ko nAyaka aura strI pAtra ko nAyikA kahate haiM / dazarUpaka meM nAyaka kI vinamratA, madhuratA, tyAga, priya bhASaNa ityAdi 22 guNoM kA udAharaNoM sahita paricaya diyA hai| ye sAre guNa itane spRhaNIya aura prazaMsanIya haiM ki una se sampanna puruSa athavA strI mAnava kA Adarza mAne jA sakate hai| kathAcitraNa tathA rasodreka kI dRSTi se nAyaka ke cAra prakAra mAne jAte haiN| zAstrokta sAmAnya 22 guNoM ke atirikta, jaba nAyaka sAttvika (arthAt krodha, zoka Adi vikAroM se abhibhUta na hone vAlA), atyaMta gaMbhIra, kSamAzIla, AtmazlAghA na karane vAlA acaMcala mana vAlA, ahaMkAra va svAbhimAna ko vyakta na karanevAlA, aura dRDhavrata arthAt dhyeyaniSTha ho, taba use "dhIrodAtta" nAyaka kahate haiN| zrIrAmacaMdra " dhIrodAtta" nAyaka ke paramazreSTha Adarza hai| rAmAyaNa kI kathAoM para AdhArita sabhI utkRSTa nATakoM meM saMskRta nATyazAstra kA yaha parama Adarza vyaktitva pratibhAsaMpanna nATakakAroM ne citrita kiyA hai| isake viparIta jaba nAyaka darpa (ghamaNDa ) aura IrSyA (matsara) se bharA huA, mAyA aura kapaTa se yukta, ahaMkArI, caMcala, krodhI aura AtmazlAghI hotA hai taba use " dhIrodhdata" kahate hai| rAvaNa dhIroddhata nAyaka kA udAharaNa hai / jo sarvathA nizcinta, gIta-nRtyAdi lalita kalAoM meM Asakta, komala svabhAvI aura sukhAsIna rahatA hai, use "dhIralalita' nAyaka kahate haiN| aise nAyaka kA sArA laukika vyavahAra, usake mantrI Adi sahAyaka karate haiN| vatsarAja udayana isakA udAharaNa hai / nAyaka ke sAmAnya guNoM se yukta brAhmaNa, vaizya, yA mantriputra ko "dhIrazAnta" nAyaka kahA hai| mAlatImAdhava prakaraNa kA mAdhava aura mRcchakaTika prakaraNa kA cArudatta dhIrazAnta koTI ke nAyaka haiN| vIra-zRMgAra pradhAna nATakoM meM dhIrodAtta; raudra-vIra bhayAnaka kI pradhAnatA meM dhIroddhata; aura zRMgAra- hAsya kI pradhAnatA hone para dhIralalita nAyaka kA rUpakoM meM prAdhAnya hotA hai| zRMgAra pradhAna prakaraNoM meM dhIrazAnta nAyaka kA mahattva hotA hai / madhyapAtra rUpakoM meM bhUta aura bhAvI vRttAnta kA kathana athavA zeSa ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA dene ke lie aMkoM ke atirikta viSkambhaka aura pravezaka aMkoM ke bIca bIca meM prayukta hote haiN| una meM kathA se saMbaMdhita pAtroM ke atirikta strI-puruSa pAtra hote haiM, jinheM "madhyapAtra" kahate haiN| viSkambhaka ke madhyapAtra sAmAnya zreNI ke aura pravezaka ke nIca zreNI ke hote haiN| nAyaka ke paricchada (arthAt parivAra) meM pIThamarda (athavA "patAkAnAyaka") viTa, vidUSaka aura pratinAyaka rahate haiM pratinAyaka mukhya nAyaka kA droha karatA hai| usI ko khalanAyaka kahate haiN| yaha khalanAyaka dhIroddhata, pApI aura vyasanI hotA hai| inake atirikta nAyaka ke rAjA hone para usake maMtrI, nyAyAdhIza, senApati, purohita, pratihArI, vaitAlika (stutipAThaka) ityAdi puruSa pAtra AvazyakatA ke anusAra rUpakoM meM rahate haiN| praNayapradhAna nATakoM meM nAyaka ke "narmasaciva" athavA mitra kA dAyitva vidUSaka nibhAtA hai| " vAmano danturaH kubjo dvijanmA vikRtAnanaH / khalatiH piMgalAkSazca saMvidheyo vidUSakaH / (nA.zA. 24-106) vidUSaka ke samAna nAyaka ke priyArAdhana meM sahAya karanevAlA "viTa", karmakuzala, vAdapaTu, madhurabhASI aura vyavasthita vezadhArI hotA hai| inake atirikta vidUSaka ke samAna vinodakArI paraMtu duSTa pravRtti vAlA "zakAra" mRcchakaTika meM AtA hai vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki zakAra eka zaka jAtIya vyakti hotA thA / za-kArayukta bhASA bolanevAle zaka loga, apanI bahanoM ko rAjAoM ke antaHpura meM praviSTa kara, adhikArapada prApta karate hoNge| aise logoM ke kAraNa praNayapradhAna prakaraNoM meM "zakAra" kA pAtra AyA hogaa| rAjA ke antaHpura meM rahane vAle varSavara (hijaDA), kaMcukI, vAmana (baunA), kirAta, kubja isa DhaMga ke nIca pAtra nATakoM meM Avazyaka mAne haiN| nATakoM meM varNita rAmAdi pAtra, dhIrodAtta, dhIralalita Adi avasthA ke pratipAdaka hote haiN| kavi apane pAtroM kA varNana ThIka usI taraha nahIM karate jaisA purANetihAsa meM hotA hai / kavi to laukika AdhAra para hI unakA citraNa karate haiN| apanI kalpanA ke anusAra apane pAtroM meM dhIrodAttAdi avasthAoM ko citrita karate haiN| ye pAtra apanI abhinayAtmaka avasthAnukRti dvArA sAmAjikoM meM rati, hAsa, zoka, ityAdi sthAyI bhAvoM ko vibhAvita karate haiN| yAne sAmAjikoM ke ratyAdi sthAyI bhAva kI pratIti meM kAraNIbhUta hote haiN| isI lie rasazAstra kI paribhASA meM unheM "AlaMbana vibhAva" kahate haiN| pAtroM ke kAraNa vibhAvita hue ratyAdi sthAyI bhAva hI rasika sAmAjikoM dvArA AsvAdita hote haiN| jisa prakAra miTTI se bane hue hAthI ghoDe Adi khilaunoM se khelate hue, bacce unheM sacce prANI samajha kara unase AnaMda prApta karate haiM, usI taraha kAvya ke sahRdaya zrotA yA nATaka ke prekSakagaNa bhI rAma sItA Adi pAtroM meM utsAha, rati Adi bhAva dekha kara svayaM usakA anubhava karate haiM / 220 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAyakavyApAra nAyakavyApAra kA artha hai nAyaka kA vaha svabhAva, jo use kisI vizeSa kArya meM pravRtta karatA hai| ise hI zAstrIya paribhASA meM kahate haiM "vRtti"| ye vRttiyAM, (1) kaizikI (2) sAtvatI, (3) ArabhaTI aura (4) bhAratI nAmaka cAra prakAra kI hotI haiN| nAyaka jaba gIta, nRtya, vilAsa Adi zRMgAramaya ceSTAoM meM ramamANa hotA hai, taba usake komala vyApAra ko kaizikI vRtti kahate haiN| isakA phala hai kAma purussaarth| kaizikI vRtti ke cAra aMga haiM - (1) narma (2) narmasphiMja, (3) narmasphoTa tathA (4) nrmgrbh| ina sabhI narma prakAroM meM nAyaka kI nAyikA ke sAtha jo zRMgAralIlA hotI hai unakA antarbhAva hotA hai| isa zRMgAramaya vyApAra meM hAsya kA samAveza rahatA hai| nATaka meM hAsyayukta zRMgAra rasa kI abhivyakti karanA yahI kaizikI vRtti kA prayojana hotA hai| dhIralalita nAyaka ke caritracitraNa meM isI vRtti kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| jahAM nAyaka kA vyApAra, zokarahita aura sattva zaurya, dayA, komalatA jaise udAtta bhAvoM se paripUrNa hotA hai, vahAM use "sAtvatI vRtti" kahate haiN| isa gaMbhIra vRtti meM (1) saMlApaka, (2) utthApaka, (3) sAMghAtya aura (4) parivartaka nAmaka cAra aMga hote haiN| dhIrodAtta prakRti ke nAyaka kA, pratinAyaka ke sAtha jaba saMgharSa hotA hai, taba sAttvatI vRtti ke aMgoM kA prayoga nATaka meM hotA hai| jahAM mAyA (arthAt avAstava vastu ko mantrabala se prakAzita karanA), indrajAla (vahI kArya tAntrika prayogoM se karanA) saMgrAma, krodha, uddhAMta Adi ceSTAeM pAyI jAtI haiM, vahAM "ArabhaTI" nAmaka vRtti hotI hai| isake bhI (1) saMkSiptikA (2) saMpheTa (3) vastUtthApana aura (4) avapAta nAmaka cAra aMga mAne haiN| dhIroddhata prakRti ke nAyaka ke caritracitraNa meM ArabhaTI vRtti dikhAI detI hai| ina tInoM vRttiyoM ko "arthavRttiyAM" mAnA gayA hai, kyoM ki inameM artharUpa rasa kA saMniveza hotA hai| cauthI bhAratI nAmaka vRtti "zabdavRtti" hone ke kAraNa saMbhASaNAtmaka rahatI hai| isa vRtti kA nATaka ke "pUrvaraMga" meM puruSa pAtroM dvArA prayoga hotA hai| nATaka ke prAraMbha meM prarocanA, Amukha, vIthI aura prahasana ye cAra prasaMga bhAratI vRtti ke aMga mAne jAte haiN| vRtti kA saMbaMdha nAyaka ke rasaparaka vyApAra se hotA hai, ataH zAstrakAroM ne niyama batAyA hai ki : "zRMgAre kaizikI, vIre sAttvatyArabhaTI punH| rase raudre ca bIbhatse, vRttiH sarvatra bhAratI / / (da.rU. 2-62) arthAt zRMgArapradhAna rUpaka meM kaizikI, vIrapradhAna meM sAtvatI, raudra evaM bIbhatsa pradhAna dRzyoM meM ArabhaTI vRtti kA citraNa honA caahiye| bhAratI, zabdapradhAna vRtti hone ke kAraNa usakA prayoga sabhI rasoM meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| zRMgAra, raudra vIra, aura bIbhatsa ye cAra anukAryagata rasa hote haiN| abhinaya kuzala naTa apanI bhUmikA se tanmaya hokara unakA AvirbhAva karate haiM, taba sAmAjikoM ke aMtaHkaraNa meM una pradhAna rasoM ke "sahakArI" hAsya, karuNa, adbhuta aura bhayAnaka ina cAra rasoM kA yathAkrama udreka hotA hai| isI lie kahA hai ki : zRMgArAd hi bhaved hAsaH, raudrAcca karuNo rsH| vIrAccaivAdbhutotpattiH, bIbhatsAcca bhayAnakaH / nATyapravRttiyAM nAyaka kI vRttiyoM ke samAna nATakIya pAtroM kI "pravRttiyA" hotI haiN| ye pravRttiyAM do prakAra kI hotI haiM- (1) bhASApravRtti aura (2) AmantraNa pravRtti / pravRttiyoM kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai - "deza-bhASAkriyAvezalakSaNA syuH prvRttyH| (da.rU. 2-63) arthAt deza tathA kAla ke anusAra pAtroM kI bhinna bhinna bhASA, bhinna bhinna veSa aura bhinna bhinna kriyAoM ko "pravRtti' kahate haiN| inakA jJAna nATakakAra ne laukika jIvana se prApta karanA cAhiye aura unakA yathocita upayoga apanI nATakaracanA meM karanA caahiye| prAcIna nATakoM meM kulIna susaMskRta puruSoM kI aura tapasviyoM kI bhASA saMskRta hI hotI hai| strIpAtroM meM mahArAnI, maMtriputrI tathA vezyAoM ke bhASaNoM meM bhI saMskRta pAThya kA upayoga prazasta mAnA gayA hai| strIpAtroM kA pAThya, prAyaH zaurasenI prAkRta hotA thaa| prAcIna prAkRta bhASAoM ke 21 prakAra the jinameM mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, AvaMtikA, prAcyA, dAkSiNAtyA, bAlhikA ityAdi pramukha bhASAeM thii| pAlI bhASA kA upayoga nATakoM meM nahIM kiyA gyaa| sabhI prAkRta bhASAoM meM mahArASTrI pramukha mAnI gayI hai| vararuci ne apane prAkRta prakAza meM, tathA anya bhI vaiyAkaraNoM ne, mahArASTrI eka pradhAna prAkRta hone ke kAraNa usI kA vyAkaraNa likhA hai, aura anya prAkRta bhASAoM ke kucha vizeSa mAtra batAe haiN| / bharata ke nATyazAstra meM antaHpura ke pAtroM ke lie mAgadhI; ceTa, rAjaputra aura vaNig janoM ke lie ardhamAgadhI; vidUSaka ke lie prAcyA; sainika aura nAgarika pAtroM ke lie dAkSiNAtyA; zabara, zaka Adi pAtroM ke lie vAlhikA, zakAra ke lie saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 221 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakArI; gopAloM ke lie AbhIrI tathA anya gauNa pAtroM ke lie AvaMtikA, paizAcI, zAbarI ityAdi prAkRta bhASAoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| dazarUpaka meM prAkRta bhASAoM ke saMbaMdha meM eka mArmika niyama batAyA hai ki - __ "yaddezaM nIcapAtraM yat, taddezaM tasya bhaassitm||" kAryatazcottamAdInAM kAryoM bhASAvyatikramaH / / " (da.rU. 2-66) / / __ arthAt jo pAtra jisa deza kA rahanevAlA ho, usI deSa kI bolI ke anusAra usakI pAThya bhASA nATaka meM yojita kI jaay| vaise kabhI uttama yA nIca pAtroM kI bhASA meM kisI kAraNa se adala badala bhI ho sakanA hai, yAne uttama pAtra prAkRta kA aura nIca pAtra saMskRta kA yathAvasara prayoga kreN| AmantraNapravRtti :- AmantraNa pravRtti ke niyamAnusAra uttama pAtroM dvArA vidvAna, devarSi, tathA tapasvI pAtra, "bhagavan" zabda se saMbodhita kie jAne caahiye| vipra, amAtya, gurujanoM yA bar3e bhAI ko ve "Arya" zabda se saMbodhita kreN| naTI aura sUtradhAra Apasa meM eka dUsare ko "Arya" aura "Arye' ina zabdoM se saMbodhita kreN| sArathI apane rathI ko AyuSmAn kahe tathA pUjya loga, ziSya yA choTe bhAI Adi ko "AyuSmAn", vatsa, yA "tAta" kheN| ziSya, putra choTe bhAI Adi pUjyoM ko "tAta" yA "sugRhItanAmA" kaha sakate haiN| pAripAzvarka sUtradhAra ko "bhAva" kahe, tathA sUtradhAra pAripArzvaka ko "mArSa" athavA "mAriSa" khe| uttama sevaka rAjA ko deva yA svAmI kaheM aura adhama bhRtya use "bhaTTA" (bhartaH) khe| jyeSTha, madhyama yA adhama pAtra striyoM ko ThIka usI taraha saMbodhita kareM, jaise unake pati ko karate haiM sakhiyAM eka dUsarI ko "halA" kheN| nokarAnI "haje" kahe / vezyA ko ajjukA, kuTTinI tathA pUjya vRddhA strI ko "amba" kheN| vidUSaka, rAnI va sevikA donoM ko "bhavati" zabda se saMbodhita kreN| nATyazAstrokta ina bhASA-pravRtti aura AmantraNa-pravRtti ke niyamoM kA anupAlana sabhI nATakakAroM ne nirapavAda kiyA hai| saMskRta ke Adhunika nATakakAra (jinakI saMkhyA kAphI bar3I hai) prAyaH bhASApravRtti ke niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM krte| ve kevala saMskRta bhASA kA hI sabhI pAtroM ke bhASaNoM meM upayoga karate haiN| vAstavika vartamAna saMskRta nATakoM meM vartamAnakAlIna prAkRta bhASAoM kA prayoga karanA nATyazAstra kI dRSTi se ucita hogaa| arthasahAya nATaka kA nAyaka rAjA ho to usakA sahAyaka maMtrI avazya honA caahiye| usake atirikta Rtvija, purohita, tapasvI, brahmajJAnI Adi "dharmasahAyaka"; mitra, rAjakumAra, ATavika, sAmanta aura sainika ityAdi "daNDasahAyaka" hote haiN| nAyaka kI kAryasiddhi meM sahAyaka hone vAle, varSavara (napusaMka vyakti), kirAta, gUMge, baune ityAdi pAtra antaHpura meM hote haiM aura mleccha, AbhIra, zakAra jaise pAtra anyatra sahAyaka hote haiN| 7 nAyikA saMskRta nATakoM meM nAyaka "uttama prakRti" kA hI hotA hai aura tadnusAra nAyikA bhI "uttama prakRti" kI hI honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isa nAyikA ke svIyA, anyA aura sAdhAraNI (arthAta gaNikA) saMjJaka tIna prakAra hote haiN| ___ svIyA nAyikA zIlasampanna, lajjAvatI, pativratA, akuTila aura pati ke vyavahAroM meM sahAyatA dene meM baDI nipuNa hotI haiN| ina sAmAnya guNoM se yukta svIyA nAyikA ke vayobheda ke anusAra mugdhA, madhyA tathA pragalbhA ye tIna bheda hote hai| jisa nATaka meM dhIralalita nAyaka pramukha hotA hai, usameM ina tIna prakAra kI, yA pragallA aura mugdhA ina do prakAra kI, nAyikAoM ke premasaMbaMdha meM zRMgArarasa kA vikAsa kiyA jAtA hai| uparyukta tIna prakAra kI nAyikAoM meM mugdhA ke bheda nahIM hote| paraMtu madhyA aura pragalbhA ke jyeSThA tathA kaniSThA isa prakAra do bheda hote haiN| saba milA kara prAyaH nAyikA ke 12 bheda nATyazAstrakAra mAnate haiN| nAyikA kA dUsarA bheda hai "prkiiyaa"| vaha kanyakA (avivAhita) aura vivAhita isa taraha do prakAra kI ho sakatI hai paraMtu zRMgArapradhAna rUpakoM meM AlaMbana vibhAga ke rUpa meM anyoDhA arthAta vivAhita parastrI ko kahIM bhI sthAna nahIM denA cAhiye- "nAnyoDhAGgirase kvacit" (da.rU. 2-20) / isa prakAra ko aimasaMbaMdha bhAratIya saMskRti meM sarvathA anaitika mAnA gayA hai| naitikatA kA ullaMghana jahAM hotA hai, vahAM sahRdaya sAmAjikoM ko AnaMda to hotA hI nahIM, pratyuta udvega hotA hai| nATaka meM nItibAhya zRgAMra raMgamaMca para dikhAyA jA sakatA hai, paraMtu vaha ziSTa aura sahRdaya sAmAjikoM ke antaHkaraNa meM rati sthAyIbhAva kA udreka nahIM kara sktaa| sAdhAraNI strI gaNikA hotI hai, jo kalAcatura, pragalbhA tathA dhUrta hotI hai| vezyA kabhI mugdha nahIM ho sktii| yaha vezyA prahasana meM anurAgiNI nahIM hotii| anya rUpakoM meM use nAyaka ke prati anurakta rUpa meM hI citrita kiyA jAtA hai| jina rUpakoM meM, nAyaka divya prakRti athavA dhIrodAtta nRpati hotA hai, vahAM gaNikA kA samAveza nahIM kiyA jaataa|| mugdhA, madhyA, pragalbhA Adi avasthAoM ke atirikta nAyaka ke saMbaMdha meM nAyikA kI mAnasika avasthAeM ATha prakAra kI batAI gaI haiN| ve haiM :- (1) svAdhInapatikA, (2) vAsakasajjA, (3) virahotkaMThitA, (4) khaMDitA, (5) kalahAntaritA, 222 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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(6) vipralabdhA, (7) proSitapriyA aura (8) abhisaarikaa| inameM khaMDitA, kalahAntaritA aura vipralabdhA ye tIna avasthAeM nAyaka ke bahupatnIkatva yA vyAbhicAritva ke kAraNa nAyikA meM utpanna hotI haiN| nAyikA ke parivAra meM dAsI, sakhI, rajakI, dhAya kI beTI, paDosina, saMnyAsinI, zilpinI. ityAdi prakAra kI striyAM hotI haiN| prAyaH nAyaka ke parivAra meM jina guNoM se yukta puruSapAtra hote haiM, unI guNoM ke ye gauNa strIpAtra hote haiN| nAyikA ke vividha prakAroM ke vivecana ke sAtha dazarUpakakAra ne uttama striyoM meM vyakta hone vAle 20 svAbhAvika (sattvaja) alaMkAra batAeM haiN| inameM bhAva, hAva aura helA ye tIna "zarIraja" hote haiN| zobhA, kAnti, dIpti mAdhurya, pragalbhatA, audArya aura dhairya ye sAta "ayatnaja" arthAt jinheM prakaTa karane ke lie striyoM ko koI vizeSa prayatna karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| inake atirakti lIlA, vilAsa, vibhrama Adi dasa 'svabhAvaja' hote haiN| ina alaMkAroM ko nATyaprayoga meM kauzalyapUrNa abhinaya dvArA vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| zRMgAra rasa ke uddIpana meM ina nATakIya alaMkAroM kI strI pAtroM ke lie AvazyakatA hotI hai| 8 nATyarasa rasa siddhAnta kI carcA sAhityazAstra viSayaka pramukha graMthoM meM kI gaI hai| nATyazAstra meM bhI nATyaprayoga kI dRSTi se rasa carca milatI hai| dRzya kAvya athavA rUpaka ke dasa bheda, vastu aura nAyaka kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa hote haiM vaise hI ve rasoM kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa bhI hote haiM jaise nATaka, prakaraNa, vIthI aura IhAmRga meM zRMgAra kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| samavakAra, vyAyoga aura Dima meM hAsya kI aura utkRSTikAMka meM karuNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| "abhinaya" yAne antaHkaraNastha rAga-dveSAdi bhAvoM kI vANI, zArIrika ceSTA, mukhamudrA aura veSabhUSA ityAdi ke dvArA vyakta karanA aura sAmAjikoM ko unake dvArA rasAnubhUti karAnA yahI abhinaya kA kArya hai| "abhinayati-hRdgatAn bhAvAn prakAzayati" iti abhinayaH "yahI "abhinaya' zabda kI laukika vyutpatti batAI jAtI hai| nATyazAstrAnusAra abhinaya ke cAra prakAra hote haiM : (1) AMgika abhinaya - zarIra, mukha, hAtha, vakSaHsthala, bhRkuTI, ityAdi aMgoM kI ceSTAoM dvArA kisI bhAva yA artha ko vyakta karanA hI "AMgika' abhinaya kahA gayA hai| isa meM mukhaja ceSTAoM kA abhinaya chaH prakAra kA, mastaka kI halacala nau prakAra kI, dRSTi kA abhinaya ATha prakAra kA, bhrukuTI ke vinyAsa chaH prakAra ke, gardana hilAne ke cAra prakAra aura hastakSepa ke bAraha prakAra bharatAcArya ne batAe haiN| ina ke atirikta anya aMgoM ke bhI vividha abhinayoM kA bharata ke nATyazAstra meM varNana kiyA hai| (2) vAcika abhinaya- vAkyoM kA uccAraNa karate samaya, Aroha-avaroha, tAra, maMdra, madhyama ityAdi uccAraNa kI vicitratA se bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karanA, vAcika abhinaya kA svarUpa hotA hai| vAcika abhinaya ke 63 prakAra bharatAcArya ne batAe haiN| vAcika abhinaya dvArA sahRdaya aMdhe zrotA ko bhI pAtra kI mAnasika avasthA kA jJAna ho sakatA hai| (3) AhArya abhinaya- yAne bhUmikA ke anurUpa, pAtroM kI veshbhuussaa| vastutaH yaha nepathya kA aMga hai paraMtu zAstrakAroM isa kI gaNanA abhinaya meM kI hai| (4) sAttvika abhinaya- sAmAjikoM ko rati, hAsa, krodha ityAdi sthAyI bhAvoM kI anubhUti karAne vAlI tikSepa, kaTAkSa Adi zArIrika ceSTAoM ko anubhAva kahate haiN| "anu pazcAt bhavanti iti anubhAvAH" isa vyutpatti ke anusAra, sthAyI bhAva ke ubuddha hone ke bAda utpanna hone vAle bhAvoM ko anubhAva kahate haiN| vibhAvoM ko sthAyI bhAvoM ke uddIpana kA kAraNa, anubhAvoM ko kArya aura vyabhicArI bhAvoM ko sahakArI kAraNa rasazAstra meM mAnA gayA hai| pAtroM ke dvArA vyakta hone vAle, anukArya rAma-duSyantAdi ke, rati-zoka ityAdi sthAyI bhAvoM kI sUcanA karAne vAle (bhAvasaMsUnAtmaka) bhAvoM ko dhanaMjaya ne 'anubhAva' kahA hai| ina anubhAvoM meM stambha, pralaya (acetanatA), romAMca, sveda, vaivarNya (mukha kA raMga phIkA par3a jAnA) kampa, azru aura vaisvarya (AvAja meM parivartana) ina ATha bhAvoM ko "sAttvika" (yAne satva arthAta mAnasika sthiti se utpanna hone vAle) bhAva kahate haiN| ina aSTa sAttvika bhAvoM kA pradarzana sAtvika abhinaya ke dvArA hotA hai| rUpakoM meM naTavarga kA yahI pradhAna uddezya hai ki unake upayukta caturvidha abhinayoM dvArA, sAmAjikoM meM rasodreka krnaa| rasa kI niSpatti ke viSaya meM, "vibhAvAnubhAva-vyabhicArisaMyogAd rasaniSpattiH" (vibhava, anubhAva tathA vyAbhicArI bhAvoM ke saMyoga se rasaniSpatti hotI hai) yaha bharata muni kA sUtra, rasasiddhAnta kI carcA karanevAle sabhI sAhityAcAryoM ne paramapramANa mAnA hai| zAkuntala nATaka ke udAharaNa se isa sUtra ke pAribhASika zabdoM kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai| jaise :- duSyanta aura zakuntalA rati sthAyI bhAva ke "AlaMbana vibhAva" haiN| kaNva RSi ke Azrama kA ekAnta, tathA mAlinI nadI kA tIra Adi dRzya donoM ke antaHkaraNa meM aMkurita rati ko uddIpita karate haiM ataH unhe "uddIpana vibhAva" kahate haiN| rati sthAyI bhAva ke uddIpana ke kAraNa una pAtroM ke zarIra meM jo romAMcAdi cinha utpanna hote haiM aura unakI jo ceSTAeM, hotI hai unheM "anubhAva" kahate hai, kyoM ki ye cinha aura ceSTAeM, ratibhAvAnubhUti ke pazcAt utpanna hotI hai yA usa bhAva kA anubhava sAmAjikoM ko karAtI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 223 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rasa zRMgAra- hAsya vIra adbhuta duSyanta zakuntalA meM rati sthAyI bhAva kA udreka hone para una donoM ke mana meM cintA, nirAzA, harSa, ityAdi prakAra ke asthAyI bhAva, samudra meM taraMgoM ke samAna, utpanna hote haiM tathA alpakAla meM vilIna hote haiN| inheM saMcArI yA "vyAbhicArI bhAva" kahate haiN| sthAyI bhAva samudra jaisA hai to saMcArI bhAva taraMgo ke samAna hote haiN| zAstrakAroM ne nau sthAyI bhAva (sAhityadarpaNakAra vizvanAtha ne vAtsalya aura ujjvala nIlamaNikAra rUpa gosvAmI ne bhakti nAmaka dasavAM sthAyI bhAva mAnA hai| ATha sAttvika bhAva aura taiMtIsa vyabhicArI yA saMcArI bhAvoM kA parigaNana kiyA hai| paraMtu nATyazAstrakAra, rati, utsAha, jugupsA, krodha, hAsa, vismaya, bhaya aura zoka ina ATha hI sthAyI bhAvoM kI pariNati kramazaH zRMgAra, vIra, bIbhatsa, raudra, hAsya, adbhuta, bhayAnaka aura karuNa ina ATha rasoM meM (vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicArI bhAvoM ke saMyoga ke kAraNa) mAnate hai| ina ATha rasoM meM zRMgAra, vIra, bIbhatsa aura raudra ye cAra pramukha rasa hote hai aura inase kramazaH hAsya, adbhuta, bhayAnaka aura karuNa nAmaka cAra gauNa rasa utpanna hote haiN| ina zRMgArAdi cAra pramukha aura hAsyAdi cAra gauNa rasoM ke yugmoM se kramazaH antakaraNa kI, vikAsa, vistAra, kSobha aura vikSepa kI sthiti hotI hai| isa kI tAlikA nimna prakAra hogI : cittavRtti vikAsa vistara bIbhatsa bhayAnaka raudra-karuNa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kSobha vikSepa rasa aura tajjanya cittavRtti yA mAnasika avasthA kA yaha vivecana atyaMta mArmika hai| isI vivecana ke AdhAra para sAhitya aura mAnavI jIvana kA dRDha saMbaMdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa rasa vivecana meM zAntarasa ke bAre meM nATyazAstrakAroM ne yaha abhiprAya vyakta kiyA hai ki, laukika jIvana meM zama, sthAyI bhAva (jisakA svarUpa hai saMsAra ke prati ghRNA aura zAzvata parama tattva ke prati unmukhatA ) kA astitva mAnA jA sakatA hai| paraMtu nATyaprayoga meM usa sthAyI bhAva kA paripoSa honA asaMbhava hone ke kAraNa, nATya meM zAnta nAmaka nauve rasa kA astitva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| nATaka meM ATha hI rasa hote haiN| "aSTau nATye rasAH smRtAH " / rUpakoM meM zAnta rasa kA niSedha karane vAloM ke dvArA tIna kAraNa batAe jAte haiM- (1) "nAstyeva zAnto rasaH AcAryeNa apratipAdanAt / " arthAt bharatAcArya ne zAMtarasa kA pRthak pratipAdana na karane ke kAraNa zAMtarasa nahIM hai| (2) "vAstavyaH zAntAbhAvaH rAgadveSayoH ucchettum azakyAdatvAt / " arthAta rAga aura dveSa ina prabala bhAvoM kA samUla uccheda honA asaMbhava hone ke kAraNa, vAstava meM zAntarasa ho hI nahIM sktaa| (3) "samasta vyApAra pravilayarUpasya rAmasya abhinayayogAt, nATakAdI abhinavAtmani niSidhyate" arthAt sAre vyApAroM kA vilaya yahI zama kA svarUpa hone se, usakA abhinaya karanA asaMbhava hai| abhinaya to nATaka kI AtmA hai; ataH usameM "zama" kA niSedha hI karanA cAhiye / rasAniSpatti kA artha "vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicArisaMyogAd rasa- niSpattiH " isa bharata ke nATyasUtra ke viSaya meM AcAryoM ne atyaMta mArmika cikitsA kI hai| bhaTTa lollaTa ke matAnusAra utpAdya utpAdaka bhAva se vibhAvAdi ke saMyoga se "rasotpatti" hotI hai| zaMkuka ke matAnusAra anumApya anumApaka bhAva se "rasAnumiti" hotI hai| bhaTTanAyaka ke matAnusAra bhojyabhojaka bhAva se "rasabhukti" hotI hai| isa prakAra rasa kI (1) utpatti, (2) anumiti, (3) bhukti aura (4) abhivyakti ye cAra artha, mUla "niSpatti' zabda se nikAle gae haiN| ina ke atirikta dazarUpakakAra dhanaMjaya ne bhAva-bhAvaka saMbaMdha kA pratipAdana karate hue, "bhAvanAvAda" kA siddhAnta sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| nATyazAstra kI dRSTi se yaha eka rasaviSayaka pRthak upapatti dene kA prayatna hai / For Private and Personal Use Only 9 kucha pramukha nATakakAra saMskRta nATaka ke udgama evaM vikAsa kA parAmarza lene vAle prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM ne vaidika vAGmaya se lekara anyAnya graMthoM meM prAcIna nATakoM ke astitva ke pramANa die haiM, paraMtu usa prAcIna kAla ke nATakakAroM aura unake nATakoM kA nAmanirdeza karanA asaMbhava hai / usI prakAra bharata se pUrvakAlIna kucha nATyazAstrakAroM ke nAma to milate haiM, paraMtu unake graMtha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM hue / ataH saMskRta nATyavAGmaya ke vividha prakAroM kA vicAra karate samaya, upalabdha nATyavAGmaya kI hI carcA kI jAtI hai| Adya nATaka- viMTaraniTajh aura sTenakano ina pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne azvaghoSa ko saMskRta kA prathama nATakakAra mAnA hai| lAsena ne aneka yuktivAdoM se zUrasena pradeza ko bhAratIya nATya kI janmabhUmi mAnI hai isa pradeza meM IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke prAraMbha 1 224 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa

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meM zakoM kA Adhipatya thaa| mathurA ke zaka nRpati kaniSka (I. 2 zatI kA madhyakAla) kI sabhA meM azvaghoSa the| azvaghoSa ne buddhicarita mahAkAvya aura zAriputra-prakaraNa (athavA zAradvatIputra-prakaraNa) nAmaka nATaka kI racanA kI hai| turaphAna meM upalabdha hastalekhoM meM tIna bauddha nATaka mile| unameM se eka kA aMtima bhAga surakSita hai| usake anusAra nATaka kA uparyukta nAma milaa| usameM nau aMka haiM aura suvarNAkSI ke putra azvaghoSa usake racayitA haiN| prastuta zAradvatIputra prakAraNa meM zAriputra aura maudgalAyana ke bauddhadharma meM dIkSita hone kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| yaha prakaraNa nATyazAstra ke niyamoM ke anusAra likhA hai aura usameM nau aMka haiN| zAriputra dhIrodAtta nAyaka haiN| nAyikA ke viSaya meM aura mUla kathAvastu ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| zAriputra-prakaraNa ke hastalekha meM anya do nATakoM ke aMza bhI milate haiN| yadyapi inake kartRtva ke jJAna ke lie koI pramANa nahIM milatA, tathApi sAhacarya aura zAriputra-prakaraNa kI sadRzatA ke kAraNa, inheM azvaghoSa kI kRtiyA~ mAnanA ucita samajhA jAtA hai| inameM se eka nATaka lAkSaNika hai, jisameM buddhi, kIrti aura dhRti, pAtroM ke rUpa meM maMca para AtI haiN| Age calakara buddha bhI raMgamaMca para Ate haiN| isa lAkSaNika nATaka ke kAraNa prabodhacaMdrodayakAra kRSNamizra kI etadviSayaka maulikatA samApta hotI hai| saMskRta kA yahI Adya lAkSaNika nATaka hai| dUsare nATaka meM magadhavatI nAmaka gaNikA, kaumudhagandha nAmaka vidUSaka, somadatta nAmaka nAyaka, eka duSTa, rAjakumAra dhanaMjaya, ceTI, zAriputra aura modgalAyana isa prakAra ke pAtroM kI rocaka kathA milatI hai| isa nATaka kA uttarakAlIna nATakoM se sAdRzya hai| isa nATaka kA lakSya bhI dhArmika hI rahA hogA paraMtu vaha khaMDita avasthA meM prApta hone ke kAraNa usake pramANa nahIM milte| avadAnazataka (jisakA anuvAda I. tIsarI zatAbdI meM cInI bhASA meM ho cukA thA) ke anusAra kucha dAkSiNAtya naToM ne zAMbhAvatI nagarI se rAjA kI sabhA meM eka bauddha nATaka kA prayoga kiyA thaa| usI prakAra biMbisAra kI sabhA meM eka dAkSiNAtya naTa ne, jJAnaprApti ke pUrvakAla kA buddhacaritra nATyarUpa meM pradarzita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra saMskRta ke prAcInatama upalabdha nATaka bauddha dharma se saMbaMdhita the; yaha vizeSa bAta mAnane yogya hai| bhAsa : kAlidAsa ne apane mAlavikAgnimitra nATaka kI prastAvanA meM bhAsa kA ullekha (saumillaka aura kaviputra ke sAtha) sarvaprathama eka zreSTha aura mAnyatAprApta nATakakAra ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| bhAsa kA samaya paM. gaNapatizAstrI ne buddha pUrva mAnA hai, kItha 300 I. ke samIpa mAnate haiM aura kucha vidvAna IsA pUrva pahalI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnate haiN| bhAsakRta pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa nATaka meM (1-18) azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita kA ullekha milane ke kAraNa, usakA samaya azvaghoSa ke nizcita hI bAda kA hai| kRSNacarita nAmaka graMtha ke anusAra bhAsa ne 20 nATaka likhe the, paraMtu abhI taka unameM se 13 hI jJAta hue haiN| ina nATakoM ko tIna zreNiyoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| (a) mahAbhArata para Azrita rUpaka :- 1) UrUbhaMga 2) madhyamavyAyoga 3) paMcarAtra, 4) bAlacarita 5) dUtavAkya 6) dUtaghaTotkaca aura karNabhAra (A) rAmAyaNa para Azrita :- 8) abhiSeka aura 9) pratimA ' (i) kathAsAhitya para Azrita (athavA kavikalpita) :- 10) avimAraka 11) pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa 12) svapravAsavadatta aura 13) caarudtt| - bhAsa kA prabhAva uttarakAlIna aneka kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM meM spaSTa dIkhatA hai| zUdraka ke mRcchakaTika aura bhAsa ke cArudatta (cAra aMkI) meM vastu, bhASA, varNana aura anukrama taka samAnatA pAyI jAtI hai| bhavabhUti ke uttararAma carita ke dUsare aMka meM, AtreyI ke kathana para svapna-nATaka ke brahmacArI varNana kI gaharI chApa hai| uttararAmacarita ke vidyAdhara kA varNana abhiSeka nATaka ke varNana se mela khAtA hai| bhaTTanArAyaNa ke veNIsaMhAra ke pAtroM kI vividhatA aura udaNDatA, paMcarAtra ke pAtroM ke samAna hI hai| pratimA aura svapna nATakoM ke kaI uttama rocaka aura AkarSaka tattva, kAlidAsa ke zAkuntala meM pAe jAte haiN| pratimA ke valkaladhAraNa kI zobhA kA varNana aura jalasiMcana, zAkuntala nATaka meM pAe jAte haiN| jaise durvAsA kA zApa aura mArIca ke Azrama meM milana kA caNDabhArgava kA zApa aura nArada ke Azrama meM milana, ina prasaMgoM meM sAmya hai| svapna vAsavadatta nATaka meM vINA kI prApti kA prabhAva, zakuntalA kI aMgUThI kI prApti ke prasaMga meM dikhAI detA hai| zUdraka : prakhyAta mRcchakaTika prakaraNa ke raciyatA zUdraka the, jinakA paricaya usI prakaraNa kI prastAvanA meM saMkSepataH diyA hai| parantu usa paricaya meM unake agnipraveza kA ulalkha hone se saMdeha hotA hai ki koI nATakakAra apane maraNa kA ullekha kaise likha sakatA hai| isI kAraNa aneka pAzcAtya vidvAna mRcchakaTika ke kartRtva meM saMdeha prakaTa karate haiN| DA. pizela ke matAnusAra mRcchakaTika ke raciyatA daNDI haiN| "trayo daNDiprabandhAzcatriSu lokeSu vizrutAH" isI subhASita meM daNDI ke tIna prabandhoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unameM dazakumAracarita aura kAvyAdarza to sarvavidita haiN| tIsarA prabandha mRcchakaTika hI ho sakatA hai| DA. saMskRta vAGmaya koza -graMthakAra khaNDa/225 For Private and Personal Use Only

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silvA~ levI ke matAnusAra, kisI ajJAta kavi ne mRcchakaTika kI racanA kara, use zUdraka ke nAma se prasiddha kara diyA hai| DA. kItha zUdraka ko kAlpanika puruSa mAnate haiN| unake matAnusAra vAstavika mRcchakaTika kA lekhaka koI dUsarA hI puruSa honA caahiye| bhAsaracita "daridracArudatta" ke AdhAra para kisI ajJAta kavi ne kucha parivartana aura navIna kalpanAoM kA samAveza kara, prastuta nATaka khar3A kiyA hai| zUdraka ke nAma para yaha ekamAtra prakaraNa upalabdha hai aura yaha saMpUrNa nATyavAGmaya meM apane DhaMga kI akelI aura anokhI kalAkRti hai| isameM corI, juArI evaM cApalUsI hai, rAjA nIca jAti kI rakhelI ko prazraya detA hai| zakAra jaise durjana se Darane vAle ucca padastha adhikArI, hai, nyAya kevala rAjA kI icchA para Azrita rahatA hai, nirdhana brAhmaNa sArthavAha para nitAnta prema karanevAlI taruNa gaNikA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mRcchakaTika meM raMgamaMca kA zAstrIya taMtra ThIka samhAlA hai paraMtu ruDhi evaM paraMparA ko vizeSa mahattva nahIM diyA hai| kathAvastu kA vaicitrya, pAtroM kI vividhatA, ghaTanAoM kA gatimAna saMkramaNa, sAmAjika aura rAjanItika krAMti aura ucca koTi kA hAsya vinoda ina kAraNoM se mRcchakaTika ko vizva ke nATakoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta huA hai| kAlidAsa kAlidAsakRta mAlavikAgnimitra, vikramorvazIya aura zAkuMtala ye tIna nATaka upalabdha haiN| ina tIna nATakoM ke anukrama ke viSaya meM, vidvAnoM meM ekavAkyatA nahIM hai| prAyaH bahusaMkhya vidvAna uparinirdiSTa racanAkrama mAnane ke pakSa meM hai / paraMtu kepalara ne mAlavikAgnimitra ko kAlidAsa kI aMtima racanA mAnA hai| isa nATaka ko kAlidAsa kI racanA na mAnane vAle bhI vidvAna hai paraMtu unake tarkoM kA khaNDana vevara, hyUma, kepalara aura levhI jaise vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| vikramorvazIya kI kathA prAcIna graMthoM meM anyAya rUpa meM milatI hai| kAlidAsa ne apanI kathA matsyapurANa se lI hogI, yaha tarka kiyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa ise " troTaka" nAmaka uparUpaka kahA gayA hai| vAstava meM isakA svarUpa "nATaka" sA hI hai| zAkuntala : saMpUrNa saMskRta nATyavAGmaya meM isa nATaka ko vidvAna rasikoM ne agrapUjA kA mAna diyA hai| isakA anuvAda mAtra par3ha kara jarmanI kA mahAkavi gaTe harSa vibhora hokara nAcane lagA thA / zakuntalA kI mUlakathA mahAbhArata aura padmapurANa meM milatI hai| mUla nIrasa kathA meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne apanI pratibhA se apUrva sarasatA nirmANa kara, use sAre saMsAra meM lokapriya kara ddaalaa| kavi ne zakuntalA kA vyaktitva tIna rUpoM meM citrita kiyA hai| prAraMbha meM vaha tapovana kI nisargaramya pavitra vAtAvaraNa meM mugdhA munikanyA ke rUpa meM kAmavaza hotI huI dIkhatI hai| dUsarI avasthA meM patidvArA tiraskRta hote hI use nIca aura anArya jaise dUSaNoM se sabhA meM phaTakAratI hai aura tIsarI avasthA meM svargIya Azrama meM apane putra ke sAtha rAjA para kSamApUrNa prema karatI huI, unake sAtha iha loka kI ora prayANa karatI huI dikhAI detI hai| komala bhAvanAoM kA AviSkAra aura prakRtisauMdarya kA hRdayaMgama citraNa kAlidAsa ke nATakoM meM sthAna sthAna para pratIta hotA hai| vizAkhadatta: mudrArAkSasa ke raciyatA vizAkhadatta kA nirdeza vizAkhadeva, bhAskaradatta aura pRthu ( vilsana ke matAnusAra, cAhamAna rAjA pRthvIrAja) ina nAmoM se hotA hai isa nATaka kA sAta aMkI saMvidhAnaka, I. pUrva 4 thI zatAbdI meM caMdragupta aura cANakya ne naMda vaMza kA nAza kara jo rAjyakrAMti kI, usa aitihAsika ghaTanA para AdhArita hai| isa nATaka meM varNita vividha AkhyAyikAeM sarvatra prasiddha thIM kucha prAcIna vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra vizAkhadatta ne apanI kathAvastu bRhatkathA se lI aura usameM prasiddha AkhyAyikAoM kA kauzalya se upayoga karane kA prayatna kiyA kuTila rAjanIti kA vyavasthita citraNa karanevAlA mudrArAkSasa jaisA dUsarA nATaka saMskRta sAhitya meM nahIM hai| vizuddha rAjanItika nATaka hone ke kAraNa isameM mAdhurya evaM lAlitya kA sarvathA abhAva hai| candanadAsa kI patnI ekamAtra strIpAtra hai / kintu kathA ke vikAsa meM usakA kucha bhI mahattva nahIM hai / saMskRta meM yaha ekamAtra nATakakAra hai jisane rasaparipAka kI apekSA ghaTanA vaicitrya para hI bala dayA hai| mudrArAkSasa vIrarasapradhAna hone para bhI usameM yuddha ke dRzya nahIM haiN| yahAM zastroM kA dvandva na hokara kuTila buddhi kA adbhuta saMgharSa Adi se aMta taka citrita kiyA huA hai| isa nATaka meM caMdragupta aura cANakya ina donoM ke nAyakatva ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM ne matabheda vyakta kiye haiN| saMskRta nATakoM kI paripATI ke anusAra bharatavAkya kA pATha nAyaka dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai paraMtu mudrArAkSasa meM bhara rAkSasa dvArA kahA gayA hai| 226 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa : harSa jisake AvirbhAva kAla ke viSaya meM vivAda nahIM hai aisA harSa (athavA harSavardhana zilAditya) yaha ekamAtra prAcIna nATakakAra hai| harSa ke nAma para ratnAvalI, priyadarzikA aura nAgAnaMda ye tIna nATaka prasiddha hai, paraMtu inake kartRtva kA zreya use dene meM vidvAnoM ne matabheda vyakta kiyA hai| kAvyaprakAza ke upodghAta meM (1, 2) mammaTa ne "zrIharSAderdhAvakAdInAmiva dhanam " yaha vAkya DAlA hai| isake kAraNa harSa ke lekhakatva ke saMbaMdha meM vivAda para "bANa" zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa kAraNa hAla aura bUlhara ne hai| kAvhela kA mata hai ki, ratnAvalI nATikA kI racanA bANa ne aura nAgAnaMda kI racanA dhAvaka ne kI / pizela kA mata hai - khar3e hue| sAtha hI kucha sthaloM meM "dhAvaka ke sthAna tInoM nATakoM kA kartRtva harSacaritakAra bANabhaTTa ko diyA For Private and Personal Use Only

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ki tInoM rUpakoM kI racanA eka hI lekhaka ne kI hai aura vaha lekhaka harSa kA samakAlIna koI uttama sAhityika hogA, yA to dhAvaka hI hogaa| ratnAvalI meM siMhala rAjakanyA ratnAvalI aura vatsarAja udayana ke premavivAha kI adbhutaramya kathA cAra aMkoM meM citrita kI hai| tInoM rUpakoM meM yaha zrIharSa kI prathama kRti mAnI jAtI hai| adbhutaramya kathAvastu kA saMpUrNa vikAsa isa prakhyAta nATikA meM huA hai| priyadarzikA nATikA meM bhI udayana ke premavivAha kI kathA citrita kI hai| isameM nAyikA priyadarzikA (jo AraNyikA nAma se udayana ke antaHpura meM ajJAta avasthA meM rahatI hai|) aMga rAjA (vAsavadattA mahArAnI kA cAcA) kI kanyA hotI hai| nAgAnanda yaha pA~ca aMkoM kA bauddha nATaka hai| azvaghoSa ke bauddha nATaka apUrNa avasthA meM milate haiN| nAgAnanda meM bhUtadayA ke siddhAnta kA pAlana, bauddha matAnuyAyI nAyaka jImUtavAhana ne kiyA hai| nAyikA malayavatI, apane priyakara kI sajIvatA ke lie gaurI kI ArAdhanA karatI hai| isa prakAra isa nATaka meM bauddha aura zaiva jIvanapaddhati kA samanvaya milatA hai| isa nATaka kA saMvidhAna bRhatkathA yA vidyAdharajAtaka se liyA huA hai| vetAlapaMcaviMzati meM bhI yaha kathA milatI hai| ___ bhaTTanArAyaNa : mahAbhArata meM vastraharaNa ke samaya draupadI kI veNI khIMcI gaI thii| usa apamAna kA pUrA badalA lekara, dayodhana kA vadha kara, bhImasena ne usake rakta se raMge hae hAthoM se veNI kA "saMhAra" arthAt baMdhana kiyaa| isa prakSobhaka ghaTanA para AdhArita veNIsaMhAra nATaka kI racanA bhaTTanArAyaNa ne kI aura usake dvArA saMskRta nATyavAGmaya meM apanA nAma ajarAmara kiyaa| mahAbhArata ke vIroM ke eka dUsare ke prati rAgadveSAdi bhAva kisa prakAra ke the, isakA utkRSTa paricaya veNIsaMhAra ke sAta aMkoM meM diyA hai| bhaTTanArAyaNa mUlataH kAnyakubja (kanauja) ke nivAsI the| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM baMgAla ke pAlavaMzIya rAjA AdizUra athavA AdIzvara ne inheM kAnyakubja se baMgAla meM lAyA thaa| veNIsaMhAra ke bAMgalA bhASIya anuvAdaka zaurIMdramohana Taigora ne, apane bhaTTanArAyaNa ke vaMzaja hone kA abhimAna se ullekha kiyA hai| prastuta nATaka meM duryodhana kA prAdhAnya dekhakara, use nAyaka mAnane vAle vidvAna aMta meM usakA vadha dekha kara, veNIsaMhAra ko saMskRta kA zokAnta nATaka mAnate haiN| paraMtu bhAratIya nATyazAstra ke anusAra "nAdhikArivadhaM kvApi" (dazarUpaka 3-36) adhikRtanAyakavadhaM pravezakAdinA'pi na sUcayet' (dhanikaTIkA) isa prakAra kA nizcita niyama hone ke kAraNa, nATakakAra ne jisakA * vadha sUcita kiyA hai aisA duryodhana veNIsaMhAra kA nAyaka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| saMpUrNa nATaka meM bhImasena kA vyaktitva sAmAjikoM ko adhika AkRSTa karatA hai| apane raktaraMjita hAthoM se draupadI kI veNI gUMthane kA pramukha kArya bhImasena ne hI pUrNa kiyA hai| ataH use veNIsaMhAra kA nAyaka kucha vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai| paramparA kI dRSTi se dhIrodAtta prakRti ke yudhiSThira ko isa nATaka kA nAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| saMskRta nATaka meM "bharatavAkya" kA gAyana yA kathana karane vAlA vyakti nAyaka hI hotA hai aura isa nATaka meM yaha kArya yudhiSThira dvArA saMpAdita kiyA hai| vizvanAtha ne apane sAhityadarpaNa meM, yudhiSThira ko hI veNIsaMhAra kA nAyaka mAnA hai| paraMtu bhaTTanArAyaNa ne yudhiSThira ke vyaktitva kA nAyakocita citraNa nahIM kiyaa| prathama aura paMcama aMka meM yudhiSThira kA ullekha nepathya se hotA hai| kevala aMtima aMka meM hI ve sAmane Ate haiN| isa taraha veNIsaMhAra eka zAstrazuddha nATyakRti hote hue bhI, usakA nAyaka eka vivAda kA viSaya huA hai| bhavabhUti : saMskRta nATakoM ke rasika abhyAsaka bhavabhUti ko kAlidAsa ke samAna zreSTha nATakakAra mAnate haiN| kucha rasikoM ke matAnusAra bhavabhUti kA uttararAmacarita, kAlidAsa ke zAkuntala se bhI adhika sarasa evaM bhAvotkaTa hai| bhavabhUti kA vAstava nAma zrIkaMTha thaa| inhoMne apane mahAvIracarita, mAlatImAdhava aura uttararAmacarita ye tInoM nATaka, kAlapriyanAtha ke yAtrotsava nimitta ukta kramAnusAra likhe the| mAlatImAdhava eka prakaraNa hote hue bhI usameM nATyazAstra kI dRSTi se Avazyaka mAnA gayA "vidUSaka" bhavabhUti ne citrita nahIM kiyaa| mahAvIracarita meM sItAsvayaMvara se lekara rAvaNavadha ke pazcAt ayodhyA pratyAgamana taka kI rAmakathA pratyakSa apratyakSa rIti se citrita kI hai| aisA mAga jAtA hai ki isa nATaka ke paMcama aMka ke 46 veM zloka taka kI racanA bhavabhUti ne kI aura usakA zeSa bhAga kisI subrahmaNya nAmaka kavi ne likhaa| mahAvIracarita kI kathA se saMbaMdha rakhate hue uttararAmacarita kI racanA bhavabhUti ne kI hai| isa prakAra donoM nATakoM ke pratyekazaH sAta sAta aMkoM meM saMpUrNa rAmacaritra bhavabhUti ne nATyaprayogocita kiyA hai| uttarakAlIna rAmanATakoM ke aneka lekhakoM para bhavabhUti ke ina do nATakoM kA kAphI prabhAva par3A hai| mAlatImAdhava kI kathA bhavabhUti ne apanI pratibhA se utpanna kI hai| isameM vAstavatA aura adbhutatA kA saMgama kavi ne kiyA hai| aghoraghaMTa kI ziSyA kapAlakuNDalA dvArA, mAlatI kA balidAna ke lie apaharaNa hone kI vArtA sunane para mAdhava kI zokAkula avasthA kA citraNa bhavabhUti ne, vikramorvazIya meM kAlidAsa dvArA citrita pururavA kI avasthA ke samAna kiyA hai| . para bhavabhUtikAta sAta aMkoM meM se saMbaMdha rakhate saMskata vAGamaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 227 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAnyakubja ke rAjA yazovarmA, bhavabhUti ke AzrayadAtA the| inake dvArA likhita rAmakathAviSayaka rAmAbhyudaya nAmaka nATaka kA, AnaMdavardhana ne dhvanyAloka meM dhanika ne dazarUpaka (1, 42) meM aura vizvanAtha ne sAhityadarpaNa ( 6, 142 ) meM ullekha kiyA hai| paraMtu vaha abhI taka aprApya rahA hai / anaMtaharSa : bhAsakRta svapnavAsavadatta nATaka ke kathAbhAga meM, kucha adhika aMza jor3a kara anahaMgarSa ne " tApasavatsarAja" nAmaka nATaka likhA hai / vAsavadattA ke nidhana kI vArtA sunakara vatsarAja udayana virakta hotA hai| udhara padmAvatI vatsarAja kA citra dekha kara premavivhala aura aMta meM virakta ho jAtI hai| vAsavadattA bhI pativiyoga se hatAza hokara agniprevaza karane prayAga jAtI hai| vahIM para udayana bhI usI hetu jAtA hai| acAnaka donoM kI bheTa hokara nATaka sukhAnta hotA hai| anaMgaharSa ne apane nATaka meM harSa kI ratnAvalI nATikA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mAyurAja : dazarUpaka kI avaloka TIkA (2, 54) meM mAyurAjakRta "udAttarAghava' nATaka kA ullekha milatA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM yaha nATaka bhAsakRta mAnA jAtA thaa| mAyurAja "karacUlI" yA kalacUrI vaMzIya the| apane udAttarAghava meM rAmacandra kI dhIrodAttatA ko bAdhA denevAlA vAlivadha kA prasaMga, mAyurAja ne bar3I kuzalatA se TAlA hai| kAMcanamRga ko mArane ke liye prathama lakSmaNa jAte haiM aura unakI surakSA ke lie rAma jAte haiM, aisA dRzya dikhAyA hai| nATyazAstra kI dRSTi se aise aucityapUrNa parivartana prazaMsanIya mAne gaye haiN| murAri : apane anargharAghava nAmaka sAta aMkI nATaka meM murAri ne apanA paricaya diyA hai| ve mahAkavi evaM "bAlavAlmIki " ina upAdhiyoM se apanA ullekha karate haiN| anartharAghavakAra ne bhavabhUti kA aura prasannarApavakAra jayadeva ne murArikA anusaraNa kiyA hai| anargharAghava meM vizvAmitra ke yajJa se lekara ayodhyA pratyAgamana taka kA rAmacaritra citrita huA hai| nATakakAra "gurUkulakliSTa" hone ke kAraNa, unakI racanA meM bhI kliSTatA kA darzana hotA hai / rAjazekhara: karpUramaMjarI, bAlarAmAyaNa, viddhazAlaMbhajikA aura bAlabhArata ( athavA pracaMDapAMDava ) ina cAra rUpakoM ke atirikta kAvyamImAMsA nAmaka sAhityazAstrIya graMtha aura aneka subhASita rAjazekhara ne likhe haiN| bAlarAmAyaNa (1, 12) meM apane chaH granthoM kA rAjazekhara ne nirdeza kiyA hai| apanA karpUramaMjarI nAmaka prAkRta saTTaka, patnI avaMtisuMdarI (cAhamAna vaMzIya) kI sUcanA ke anusAra rAjazekhara ne likhA isameM apanA nirdeza bAlakavi kavirAja aura nirbhayarAja kA adhyApaka ina vizeSaNoM se diyA hai| bAlarAmAyaNa kA prayoga apane chAtra "nirbhaya'" arthAt pratihAra mahendrapAla kI prArthanA se kiyA thaa| viddhazAlabhaMjikA ke prathama aMka meM, nAyaka vidyAdharamalla, nAyikA mRgAMkAvalI kI mUrti ko mAlA arpaNa karatA hai| isa kAraNa nATaka kA aparanAma mRgAMkAvalI huA hai| isakI racanA tripurI ke kalacUrIvaMzIya rAjA keyUravarSa ke AdezAnusAra rAjazekhara ne kI hai| isa ullekha ke kAraNa, rAjazekhara maheMdrapAla ke pazcAta tripurI nivAsa ke lie gae hoMge yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai viddhadazAlabhaJjikA aura karpUramaMjarI kI kathAeM kavinirmita hai| bAlabhArata ke kevala do aMka upalabdha haiM, jinameM draupadIsvayaMvara aura hRtaprasaMga kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai rAjazekhara kA bhuvanakoSa nAmaka bhUgolavarNanAtmaka graMtha anupalabdha hai bAlarAmAyaNa meM 741 pakSa hai jinameM 200 gadya zArdUlavikrIDita aura 86 padya samdharA jaise pradIrgha vRttoM meM likhe haiN| aMtima aMka meM 105 padyoM meM rAmacandra ke laMkA se ayodhyA taka ke vimAnapravAsa kA varNana hai| isa prakAra ke kAraNoM se bAlarAmAyaNa mahAnATaka kI apekSA laghukAvya sA huA hai| 1 kSemIzvara: apane AzrayadAtA mahIpAladeva ke AdezAnusAra kSemIzvarane caNDakauzika nAmaka pA~ca aMkoM kA nATaka likhA / mArkaNDeya purANAntargata harizcandra kI kathA para yaha nATaka AdhArita hai| caNDakauzika kI taMjaura meM upalabdha pANDulipi meM kavi kA nAma "kSemeMdra" likhA hai ataH bRhatkathAkAra kSemendra aura caNDakauzikakAra inakI ekatA hone ke viSaya meM banela aura pizela ne carcA kI hai| kSemIzvara kA dUsarA nATaka naiSadhAnaMda, nalakathA para AdhArita hai| I jayadeva prasannarAghava nAmaka nATaka meM sItA svayaMvara se ayodhyApratyAgamana taka kA kathAbhAga inhoMne citrita kiyA hai| arthAt bhavabhUti, murAri Adi pUrvavartI rAmanATakoM kI kRtiyoM kA anukaraNa, prasannarAghavakAra ne kiyA hai jayadeva kA caMdrAloka nAmaka sAhityazAstrIya graMtha, appayya dIkSita ne apane kuvalayAnaMda meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| saMskRta nATyavAGmaya meM vizeSa rUpa se yogadAna karane vAle uparinirdiSTa pramukha lekhakoM ke atirikta, hanumAn kavikRta hanumannATaka ( kucha vidvAna madhusUdana mizra ko isa nATaka ke lekhaka athavA saMzodhanakAra mAnate haiM ) 14 aMkoM kA "mahAnATaka", subhaTakavi kRta dUtAMgada nAmaka chAyAnATaka ityAdi nATaka ullekhanIya haiN| 228 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa chAyAnATaka ke prayoga prAcIna kAla meM pracalita the| dUtAMgada ke atirikta bhUbhaTTakRta aMgada, rAmadevakRta subhadrApariNaya, rAmAbhyudaya aura pANDavAbhyudaya ye tIna nATaka, zaMkaralAla kRta sAvitrIcArita, kRSNanAtha svArvabhauma bhaTTAcArya kRta AnaMdalatikA, vaidyanAtha vAcaspatikRta citrayajJa (dakSayajJaviSayaka) ityAdi sAyanATaka ullekhanIya haiN| - For Private and Personal Use Only

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10 lAkSaNika yA pratIka nATaka 12 vIM zatI ke eka saMnyAsI kRSNamizra daNDI ne "prabodhacandrodaya" nAmaka chaH aMkoM kA zAMtarasapradhAna tattvodbodhaka nATaka nirmANa kara, saMskRta nATyavAGmaya meM eka nayI praNAlI kA pravartana kiyaa| advaitavAda ke pratipAdana ke uddezya se isa nATaka meM zraddhA, bhakti, vidyA, jJAna, moha, viveka, dambha, buddhi ityAdi amUrta bhAvoM ko pAtroM ke rUpa meM maMca para lAyA gayA hai| kRSNamizra kA yaha anokhA nATyaprakAra Age cala kara lokapriya huA sA dIkhatA hai| isa prakAra ke lAkSaNika nATakoM meM paramAnaMda dAsa kavi karNapUra (16 vIM zatI) kA caitanyacaMdrodaya, bhUdeva zukla (16 vIM zatI) kRta dharmavijaya, kRSNadatta maithila (17 vIM zatI) kRta puraMjanacaritra, zuklezvaranAthakRta prabodhodaya, zrInivAsa atirAtra yAjI kA bhAvanApuruSottama, AnaMdarAyamakhIkRta (vastutaH vedakavikRta) vidyApariNayana aura jIvanaMdana; kavitArkikasiMha kRta saMkalpasUryodaya, gokulanAtha zarmA kA amRtodaya, nRsiMha kavi kA anumitipariNaya, raMgIlAla (19 vIM zatI) kA AnaMdacaMdrodaya, nRsiMhadaivajJa kA citasUryAlokaH nallA dIkSita kA cittavRttikalyANa aura jIvanamuktikalyANa, brAhmasUryakRta jyotiHprabhAkalyANa, ravidAsakRta mithyAjJAnaviDambana, yazaHpAlakRta mohaparAjaya, kRSNakavikRta muktAcarita, goviMdaputra suMdaradeva kRta muktipariNaya, ghaTTazeSAryakRta prasannasapiNDIkaraNanirAsaH, jAtavedasakRta pUrNapuruSArthacandrodaya, jayaMtabhaTTakRta sanmatanATaka, vaikuNThapurIkRta zAMticarita (bauddhadharmaviSayaka) nATaka, vaidyanAthakRta satsaMgavijaya, anaMtarAmakRta svAnubhUtinATaka, pUrNaguruputra rAmAnujakavikRta vivekavijaya, varadAcArya (nAmAntara ammalAcArya) kRta vedAntavilAsa (athavA yatirAjavijaya hI nahIM api tu jAgatika nATya vAGmaya kA yaha rAmAnujamatapratipAdaka nATaka hai), padmarAja paMDitakRta mahisUrU-zAMtIzvara-pratiSThA (jainadharmIya nATaka); vAdicaMdrasUrikRta jJAnasUryodaya; yazazcaMdrakRta kusumacaMdra, kRSNAnaMda sarasvatIkRta antarvyAkaraNanATya (isake zloka kliSTa haiM jinameM vyAkaraNa zAstra paraka aura nItiparaka artha milate haiN|) ityaadi| lAkSaNika nATaka saMskRta nATyavAGmaya kA, eka vaiziSTyapUrNa anokhA aMga kahA jA sakatA hai| 11 rAmAyaNIya nATaka vAlmIki kA rAmAyaNa bhArata kI sabhI bhASAoM ke asaMkhya sAhityikoM ke lie upajIvya graMtha rahA hai| saMskRta nATakakAroM meM, rAmAyaNIya nATakoM ko likhane kI paraMparA bhAsa se prAraMbha hotI hai aura bhavabhUti ke utkRSTa nATakoM ke prabhAva se bar3hatI huI dikhAI detI hai| kucha zreSTha nATakakAroM kA jo paricaya upara diyA gayA hai, unameM kucha rAmacaritra viSayaka nATakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake atirikta ullekhanIya nATakoM kA saMkSepataH nirdeza mAtra isa prakaraNa meM denA saMbhava hai| nATakakAra nATaka vizeSa bhaTTasukumAra (athavA bhUSaNa) raghuvIracarita pAMca aMkI nRtyagopAla kaviratna rAmAvadAna, pAMca aMkI darpazAtana parazurAmaviSayaka kathAMza para AdhArita suMdara mizra abhirAmavATaka sAta aMkI mahAdeva (sUryaputra) adbhutadarpaNa dazAMkI, aMgadAziSTAI se ayodhyA (nAmAntara mAyArUpaka athavA mAyA pratyAgamana taka kA laMkA meM huA kathA bhAga, nATikA) isa nATaka meM rAma-lakSmaNa mAyAvI darpaNa meM dekhate haiN| rAmanATaka meM kahIM bhI na milane vAlA vidUSaka isa nATaka meM hAsya rasa kI jhalaka dikhAtA hai| mahAdevazAstrI unmattarAghava sAta aMkI rAmabhadra dIkSita (kuMbhakoNa nivAsI) jAnakIpariNaya sAta aMkI, sItA svayaMvara se ayodhyA pratyAgamana taka kI kthaa| madhusUdana (darabhaMgA nivAsI) jAnakIpariNaya cAra aMkI bhaTTanArAyaNa jAnakIpariNaya (veNI saMhAra ke lekhaka se bhinna vyakti) sItArAma jAnakIpariNaya hastimallasena (jaina dharmI) maithilIpariNaya aura aMjanApavanaMjaya subrahmaNya (kRSNasUriputra) sItAvivAha pAMca aMkI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 229 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra bhagavaMtarAya gaMgAdharasUnu rAmacaMdra (hemacaMdra kA ziSya) yajJanArAyaNa bAlakRSNa veMkaTezvara (dharmarAjaputra) maNika (nepAlI kavi, 14 vIM zatI) rAjacUDAmaNi dIkSita (ratnakheTa) zaktibhadra vIrarAghava zrInivAsa (varadaguruputra) tAtArya (vaiSNavaguru) rAmavAriyara zrInArAyaNazAstrI (kuMbhakoNa nivAsI) atirAtrayajvA (appaya dIkSita ke pautra, 17 vIM zatI) veMkaTakRSNa dIkSita (17 vIM zatI) chabilAla zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara nATakakAra rAmAnandarAya (16 vIM zatI) madhusUdana sarasvatI kavIzvara AnaMdadhara rAmacaMdra anaMtadeva (Apadeva ke putra) kRSNarA rAmakRSNa (gujarAta nivAsI) nArAyaNatIrtha vaidyanAtha goviMda kavibhUSaNa zaMkaradeva rUpagosvAmI (caitanya deva ke prathama ziSya) zeSaciMtAmaNi 230 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa rAghavAbhyudaya rAghavAbhyudaya rAghavAbhyudaya aura raghuvilAsa raghunAthavilAsa - muditarAghava rAghavAnaMda (athavA rAghavAbhyudaya ) abhinavarAghavAnaMda rAghavAnaMda AzcaryacUDAmaNi rAmarAjyAbhiSeka sItAdivyacarita sItAnaMda sItArAghava maithilIya kuzakumudvatIya www.kobatirth.org kuzalavavijaya kuzalavodaya zrIrAmasaMgItikA taMjaura ke zahAjI rAjA ke Adeza se likhA X nRtyanATya / 1983 meM kAlidAsa puraskAra prApta / isa prakAra rAmacaritra viSayaka kucha saMskRta nATaka ullekhanIya haiN| ina nATakoM meM kathAnaka kI samAnatA ke kAraNa kucha varNanoM bhASaNoM aura bhASA zailI ke atirikta vaividhya yA vaicitrya milanA asaMbhava hai nATakoM kI yaha nAmAvalI saMskRta sAhityikoM kI rAmabhakti kA eka pramANa hai| nATakoM ke nAmakaraNa meM bhI prAyaH samAnatA hai| rAmacaritra viSayaka itane vividha nATaka nirmANa hone ke bAda bhI bhAsa aura bhavabhUti kA yaza avAdhita rahA hai| kRSNakutUhala mAdhavAnala 12 zrIkRSNacaritra rAmacaritra ke samAna kRSNacaritra bhI aneka sAhityikoM kA priya viSaya rahA hai| kRSNacaritra viSayaka kucha nATakoM kA nirdeza yahA~ diyA hai| vizeSa nATaka jagannAtha vallabha uDIsA ke nRpati pratApa rudra kI AjJA se likhita) X X mAdhavAnala yAdavAbhyudaya kRSNabhakticaMdrikA jAMbavatIkalyANa gopAlakelicaMdrikA kRSNalIlAtaraMgiNI X sAta aMkI kRSNalIlA samRddhamAdhava vidagdhamAdhava vidagdhamAdhava (2) lalitamAdhava ( dazAMkI) rukmiNIharaNa X pAMca aMkI For Private and Personal Use Only X saptAMkI X saptakI saptAMkI saptAMkI saptAMkI " (isa lekhaka ne aneka nATakoM kI racanA kI hai) paMcAMkI Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir X X X X chAyA nATaka isameM gItagoviMda ke padya uddhRta haiM gItagoviMda kA rUpAMtara X saptAMkI (isI nAma ke anya nATaka bhI milate haiN| jinake raciyatA ke nAmoM kA patA nahIM calatA) X

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xxx rAjacUDAmaNi dIkSita rukmiNIkalyANa sarasvatInivAsa rukmiNI kavitArkika siMha rukmiNIpariNaya rAmavarmA rukmiNIpariNaya paMcAMkI / rAjazekhara ke karpUramaMjarI saTTaka kA anukaraNa suMdararAja (keralIya) varadarAjaputra vaidarbhIvAsudeva paMcAMkI zaMkara bAlakRSNa dIkSita pradyumnavijaya saptAMkI vallIsahAya rocanAnaMda pradyumna ke putra aniruddha aura rocanA ke vivAha kI kathA para AdhArita kumAratAtayyA pArijAta satyabhAmAviSayaka gopAladAsa pArijAta umApati pArijAtaharaNa zeSakRSNa 1) satyabhAmApariNaya 2) satyabhAmAvilAsa 3) murArivijaya aura 4) kaMsavadha dAmodara kaMsavadha sAmarAja dIkSita (17 vIM zatI) zrIdAmacarita (buMdela rAjaputra AnaMdarAya ke AdezAnusAra likhita) zrInivAsAcArya sudarzanavijaya pauMDraka ke vinAza kI kathA zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara zrIkRSNasaMgItikA nRtyanATya zrIrAmAyaNa para AdhArita bahusaMkhya nATakoM meM prAyaH sItAsvayaMvara se ayodhyA pratyAgamana taka rAmacaritra citrita kiyA gayA hai paraMtu kRSNacaritra viSayaka nATakoM meM bAlalIlA, kaMsavadha, rAdhApraNaya, rukmiNIsvayaMvara, satyabhAmAsvayaMvara isa prakAra ke sphuTa viSayoM para likhe hue nATaka milate haiN| samagra kRSNa caritra para AdhArita nATaka nahIM milte| ___ 13 mahAbhAratIya nATaka rAmAyaNa ke samAna mahAbhArata ke AkhyAna para AdhArita nATakoM kI saMkhyA bhI kAphI bar3I hai| unameM se kucha ullekhanIya nATaka : nATakakAra nATaka vizeSa kSemeMdra (kAzmIrI) citrabhArata lekhaka ne apane aucityavicAracarcA aura kavikaMThAbharaNa graMtha meM ullekha kiyA hai hastimallasena (jaina AcArya) 1) arjunarAjanATaka 2) bhAratarAjanATaka 3) meghezvara mahezvara sabhAnATaka sabhAparva para AdhArita jayaraNamalla (nepAlI rAjA) sabhAparvanATaka (athavA pAMDavavijaya) zItalacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa ghoSayAtrA sukumAra pille lakSmaNA-svayaMvara (duryodhana kI kanyA aura kRSNa ke putra sAMba kA vivAha) lakSmaNa mANikya (16 vIM zatI) vikhyAtavijaya chaH aMkI karNavadha viSayaka yuvarAja pralhAda (13 vIM zatI) pArthaparAkrama kRSNasUri draupadIpariNaya nallakavi (makhIMdra putra) subhadrApariNaya sudhIMdrayati subhadrApariNaya gururAma subhadrAdhanaMjaya dazAMkI xxx xx saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 231 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vijayIMdrayati subhadrAdhanaMjaya kulazekharavarmA (kerala nRpati) subhadrAdhanaMjaya aura tapatisaMvaraNa sumatijitAmitradeva (bhaTTagrAma nRpati) azvamegha (yudhiSThira ke azvamegha kI kathA para AdhArita) isa prakAra mahAbhArata AdhArita nATakoM meM anya viSayoM kI apekSA subhadrAvivAha kA AkhyAna adhika priya dikhAI detA hai| bhaTTanArAyaNa ke veNIsaMhAra jaisI lokapriyatA aura vidvanmAnyatA, mahAbhArata kathA para AdhArita anya kisI bhI nATaka ko nahIM mila skii| __ anya purANoM kI kathAoM para AdhArita nATakoM meM ziva-pArvatI vivAha kI kathA para AdhArita nATakoM kI saMkhyA adhika dikhAI detI hai| isa viSaya para likhe hue kucha ullekhanIya nATaka : maMgala zivakathA viSayaka nATaka nATakakAra nATaka vizeSa zaMkara mizra (vaizeSika sUtra ke gaurI digaMbara TIkAkAra) rAmacaMdra sumunuvaMzamaNi (17 vIM zatI) gItadigaMbara cAra aNkii| yaha nATaka khATamaMDU ke rAjA pratApamalla ke tulApuruSadAna nimitta likhA gyaa|) jagajjyotirmalla haragaurIvivAha (nepAla nareza- 17 vIM zatI) bANa (vAmanabhaTTa bANa, 15 vIM zatI) pArvatIpariNaya kAlidAsa ke kumArasaMbhava kA anusaraNa veMkaTarAghavAcArya manmathavijaya jagannAtha (taMjaura nivAsI) ratimanmatha veMkaTAcArya pradyumrAnaMdIya aSTAMkI rudrazarmA tripAThI caNDIvilAsa athavA caNDIcarita jIvAnaMda jyotirvid nau aMkI, viSaya zivapatnI kthaa| vaidyanAtha vyAsa gaNezapariNaya saptAMkI ghanazyAma coMDAjIpaMta (Aryaka) kumAravijaya paMcAMkI vIrarAghava vallIpariNaya skaMdakathA para AdhArita bhAskarayajvA vallIpariNaya skaMdakathA para AdhArita anya paurANika kathAoM para AdhArita nATakoM meM vizeSa ullekhanIya nATaka : nATakakAra nATaka vizeSa vIrarAghava (zrIzailasUriputra) iMdirApariNaya lakSmIsvayaMvara viSayaka catuSkavIndradAsa zrInivAsa lakSmIsvayaMvara virUpAkSa nArAyaNIvilAsa zrInivAsAcArya uSApariNaya cayanIcandrazekhararAyaguru mathurAniruddha aSTAMkI kezavanAtha godApariNaya varadarAja-godA-vivAha viSayaka rAmAnujAcArya (zaraNAMbaputra) vAsalakSmIkalyANa vIrarAghavazaraNAMba (1) kanakavallIpariNaya (2) vardhikanyApariNaya nArAyaNa (lakSmIdharaputra) kamalAkaMThIrava kAmAkSI-vallabha yAtrA ke nimitta likhita kucha sAhityikoM ne candramA kI kathA para AdhArita nATaka likhe haiM: nATakakAra nATaka vizeSa nArAyaNa kavi candrakalA xxx paha 232 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra nRsiMhakavi (zivarAmasudhImaNi kA putra) candrakalApariNaya gaMgAdhara rAmacaMdra (taMjaura vAsI) zrInivAsakavi (varadadezika putra) paritiyUra rAmasvAmI kRSNazAstrI gururAma zrInivAsa maNika (nepAlI kavi) kRSNadAsa (keralIya) harihara rAmabhaTTa gokulanAtha jagajjyotirmalla (bhaTagAva ke rAjA 17 vIM zatI) rAmacaMdra (17 vIM zatI, nepAlavAsI) ranakheTa dIkSita paravastu veMkaTa raMganAthAcArya nIlakaMTha dIkSita (appayya dIkSita kA bhatIjA) X paMcAMkI cAra aMkI X isakI nAyikA madanAvatI eka zApita devAMganA thI, usakA bhairava devatA se vivAha isakA viSaya hai| kalAvatI - kAmarUpa isameM kAzInareza kAmarUpa kA kalAvatI se vivAha viSaya hai / bhartRharinirveda viSaya- rAjA bhartRhari aura bhAnumatI kI adbhuta kathA / vasumatI aura citrasena ke vivAha kI kathA para AdhArita nATaka appayya dIkSita, jagannAtha aura eka ajJAta kavi ne likhe haiM / vizeSa jIvavibuddha rAmacaMdra nArAyaNa rudradeva www.kobatirth.org candravilAsa kalAnaMda aura aindavAnanda aMbujavallIkalyANa kaumudIsoma svezvaraprasAdana nATakakAra rAmacaMdra (12 vIM zatI) kSemIzvara siddhivarasiMha (17 vIM zatI meM nepAla ke nRpati) harizcandra kI suprasiddha kathA para AdhArita ye uparinirdiSTa tIna nATaka ullekhanIya haiN| kuvalayAzva aura madAlasA ke AkhyAna para AdhArita nimnalikhita nATaka ullekhanIya haiM : nATakakAra vizeSa lakSmaNamANikya (bhuluyA kA rAjaputra) kRSNAdata maithila ( puraMjanacArita aura sAndrakutUhala nATakoM ke racayitA) (1) saumyasoma (2) hastigirimAhAtmya bhairavAnanda nATaka satyaharizcaMdra harindrayazazcandrikA haridraya nATaka kuvalayAzva kuMbalayAzvIya madAlasA madAlasApariNaya kuvalayAzva lalitakuvalAzca bhaimIpariNaya maMjulanaiSadha, nalabhUmipAlarUpaka nalacaritra paMcAMkI X aSTazaMkI paMcAMkI nalacaritra viSayaka nATaka For Private and Personal Use Only x X X sAta aMkI X X X nalAnaMda saptAMkI nalavilAsa x kalividhUnama aura zUramayUra dazAMkI yayAti aura zarmiSThA kI paurANika kathA ne bhI aneka nATakoM ko janma diyA hai : yayAticaritra saptAMkI Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 233

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vallIsahAya yayAti devayAnIcarita bhaTTa zrInArAyaNazAstrI yayAtitaruNAnaMda zarmiSThAvijaya cAra aMkI (kuMbhakoNaMnivAsI) isI lekhaka ke kAlividhUnana ( dazAMkI), zUramayUra ( saptAMkI) aura jaitrajaivAtRka ( saptAMkI) ye tIna nATaka prasiddha haiN| zaThakopayati (16 vIM zatI meM ahobila maTha ke AcArya) veMkaTezvara abhI taka jina vividha prakAra ke paurANika nATakoM kA paricaya diyA hai unameM se bahutAMza nATakoM kA viSaya svayaMvara yA vivAha hI hai| rasa kI, aura usameM bhI zRMgAra rasa kI pradhAnatA, nATakoM meM zlAghanIya mAnI jAne ke kAraNa, nAyaka nAyikA saMbaMdha meM saMbhAvya rati sthAyI bhAva ke vibhAva anubhAva aura vyabhicArabhAva kA saMyoga karane meM prAyaH sabhI saMskRta nATakakAroM meM apanI pratibhA kA viniyoga kiyA hai| isI ekamAtra uddiSTa se rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA anya purANoM tathA bRhatkathA meM upalabdha vivAha evaM svayaMvara viSayaka AkhyAna aura upAkhyAna nATakakAroM ne khoja khoja kara nikAle aura unake AdhAra para apanI pratibhA ko pallavita kiyA hai| inake atirikta bhI aneka kalpita vivAha viSayaka kathAeM, zRMgAra rasa kI niSpatti ke lie nATyarUpa meM citrita kI gaI haiM : nATakakAra appAnAtha (taMjauravAsI 18 vIM zatI) appAzAstrI zrInivAsadAsa www.kobatirth.org nATaka kAMtimatIpariNaya lavalIpariNaya marakatavallIpariNaya kalyANIpariNaya saugandhikA pariNaya sevaMtikApariNaya vAsaMtikApariNaya nIlApariNaya - X - 234 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa vizeSa paMcAMkI 14 aitihAsika nATaka prAcIna lekhakoM ko Aja ke samAna itihAsa viSayaka sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM thii| aMgrejI rAja kI sthApanA ke pazcAt jitane itihAsa viSayaka prabaMdha aura caritra nirmANa hue, usake zatAMza bhI prAcIna sAhityikoM ko upalabdha nahIM the| bhArata ke vividha pradezoM meM huI mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA bhI jJAna acche acche vidvAnoM ko nahIM thA 19 vIM zatAbdI taka bhArata meM aitihAsika jJAna kI dRSTi se tamoyuga rahA aisA kahane meM atyukti nahIM hogI aura vidvAnoM kA anAdara bhI nahIM hogaa| isI abhAva ke kAraNa 90 pratizata nATaka aura anya sAhitya, paurANika AkhyAna, upAkhyAnoM para AdhArita rhaa| isa paristhiti meM bhI kucha aitihAsika nATaka likhane kA kArya jina sAhityikoM ne kiyA unheM sarvathA abhinandanIya mAnanA yogya hogA / aitihAsika nATakoM meM vizeSa ullekhanIya nATaka; pratAparudrakalyANa varaMgaLa (Andhra) ke suprasiddha kAkatIya vaMza ke rAjA pratAparudra (I. 13 vIM zatI) ke sammAnArtha yaha paMcAMkI nATaka likhA gyaa| isake lekhaka vidyAnAtha pratAparudra ke Azrita kavi the / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir X X X gaMgAdAsa pratApavilAsa vijayanagara ke rAjA mallikArjuna ke mitra caMpakapura (cApanera) ke rAjA gaMgAdAsa bhUvallabha pratApadeva ke Azrita kavi gaMgAdhara ne "gaMgAdAsa - pratApa vilAsa" nAmaka vIrarasapUrNa nATaka likhaa| isa nATaka kA viSaya hai| gaMgAdAsa rAjA kA gujarAta ke yavana rAjA mahaMmada (dUsarA) (1443-52 ) se huA yuddha / kavi svayaM gujarAtI the| x nandighoSavijaya (athavA kamalAvilAsa bhagavAna viSNu kI kathA se saMbaMdhita prastuta nATaka meM lekhaka zivanArAyaNadAsa ne apane AzrayadAtA gajapatirAja narasiMhadeva (17 vIM zatI kA madhya) kA aitihAsika pAtra praviSTa kiyA hai| zRMgAramaMjarI zAharAja taMjaura ke nRpati zahAjI bhosale (17 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha) ke Azrita periappA kavi ne apane AzrayadAtA ke sammAnArtha prastuta zRMgArapradhAna nATaka likhA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only bhojarAja satcarita vedAnta vAgIza bhaTTAcArya ne apane AzrayadAtA, (jo haridvAra se mathurA taka ke vRndAvatI yA vRndAvanI nAmaka pradeza ke rAjA the ) sUrijAna putra bhojarAja ke sammAnArtha yaha do aMkoM kA nATaka likhA hai|

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adbhutArNava - navadvIpa ke rAjA Izvara kI rAjasabhA kA varNana prastuta dvAdazAMkI nATaka meM kavi bhUSaNa ne kiyA hai| aMgrejI sAmrAjya hiMdusthAna meM prasthApita hone ke bAda kucha nATaka saMskRta sAhityikoM ne likhe, jina meM parakIya Adhipatya kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| ina nATakoM kA aMtarbhAva bhI aitihAsika nATakoM meM ho sakatA hai : kaMpanI-pratApamaNDana - lekhaka biMdumAdhava jayasiMhAzvamedhIya - sAtave eDavarDa ke rAjyArohaNanimitta muDumba narasiMhAcArya svAmI ne yaha nATaka likhaa| dillIsAmrAjya - paMcama jArja ke dillI darabAra ke nimitta lakSmaNa sUrI ne isakI racanA kii| aitihAsika nATakoM kA abhAva dUra karane kA prayAsa 19 vIM zatI se prAraMbha huA jaise siddhAntavAgIza ke mivArapratApa, zivAjIcarita, vaMgIyapratApa ye tIna naattk| jIvanyAyatIrtha ke zaMkarAcAryavaibhava, vivekAnandacarita, svAtaMtryasaMdhikSaNa (prahasana) aura svaadhiinbhaartvijyH| mUlazaMkara mANikalAla yAjJika ke pratApavijaya, saMyogitAsvayaMvara, aura chatrapatisAmrAjya (zivAjI caritra viSayaka) bhAratavijaya, zaMkaravijaya, vIra pRthvIrAja, aura gAndhIvijaya / DaoN. veMkaTarAma rAghavana ke pratAparudravijaya, vijayAGkA, vikaTa-nitambA aura anArakalI) zrImatI lIlArAva dayAla ke mIrAcarita, tukArAmacarita, aura jJAnezvaracarita / DA. yatIndravimala caudharI ke bhArataviveka, bhAratarAjendra, subhASa subhASa, dezabaMdhu dezapriya, rakSakazrIgaurakSa, bhArata- hRdayAravinda, zaktisArada, muktisArada, amaramIra, bhAratalakSmI aura vimlytiindr| DA. ramA caudharI (DA. yatIndra vimala caudharI kI dharmapatnI) ke zaMkarazaMkara, rAmacaritamAnasa, bhAratapathika, bhAratAcArya, agnivINA, bhAratatAta, (ma. gAMdhIviSayaka) aura bhAratavIra (zivAjI vissyek)| vIrendrakumAra bhaTTAcArya ke gItagaurAMga aura siddhArtha crit| zrIrAma bhikAjI velaNakara ke rAnI durgAvatI, svAtaMtryalakSmI, chatrapati zivarAja aura lokmaanysmRti| DA. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara ke vivekAnandavijaya aura shivraajyaabhissek| ina ke atirikta sahasrabuddhe kRta abdulamardana aura pratIkAra, raMgAcAryakRta zivAjIvijaya aura harSabANabhaTTIya, satyavratakRta maharSi (dayAnaMda) caritAmRta, nIrpAje bhImabhaTTakRta kAzmIrasandhAnasamudyama aura haidarAbAdavijaya, ke. rAmarAvakRta paurava-digvijaya, DA. gajAnana bAlakRSNa paLasulekRta dhanyo'haM dhanyo'ham (vIrasAvarakara viSayaka), yogendramohanakRta saMyuktA - pRthvIrAja, vizvanAtha kezava chatrekRta pratApazakti, siddhArthapravrajana, DA. baladevasiMha varmAkRta harSadarzana, vinAyaka bokIlakRta zivavaibhava aura ramAmAdhava, ramAkAnta mizrakRta javAharalAla neharU vijaya, hajArIlAla zarmA kRta hakIkatarAya, padmazAstrI kRta baMgalAdeza vijaya aura DA. revAprasAda dvivedI kRta kA~gresaparAbhava, ityAdi Adhunika lekhakoM ke aitihAsika nATakoM kI nAmAvalI se, saMskRta sAhitya kSetra meM dIrgha kAla taka jina aitihAsika viSayoM ke nATakoM kA abhAva yA, vaha prAyaH samApta ho gayA hai, yaha hama kaha sakate haiN| bhArata ke prAcIna aura arvAcIna itihAsa meM jina mahAnubhAvoM ke nAma ajarAmara hue haiM aise adhikAMza zreSTha puruSoM ke caritroM para AdhArita aitihAsika svarUpa ke nATaka arvAcIna kAlakhaMDa meM likhe gae aura prAyaH una sabhI ke prayoga bhI yathAvasara prastuta ho cuke haiN| arvAcIna nATakakAroM ne aura bhI eka viSeSa kArya kiyA hai, aura vaha hai bhArata kI anyAnya prAdezika bhASAoM meM lokapriya hue zreSTha nATakoM ke saMskRta anuvaad| aneka suprasiddha aMgrejI nATakoM ke bhI anuvAda vidvAna lekhakoM ne kie haiM aura unake bhI yathAvasara prayoga prastuta ho cuke haiN| 15 nATakoMkA nATyazAstrIya vargIkaraNa abhI taka saMskRta nATya vAGamaya kA viSayAnusAra vargIkaraNa karate hue saMkSipta paricaya diyA gyaa| prAcIna zAstrakAroM ne jina dazavidha rUpakoM evaM aThAraha prakAra ke uparUpakoM meM nATya vAGmaya kA vargIkaraNa kiyA, unameM se kucha pramukha rUpakoM kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| uparyukta vargIkaraNa meM nATaka, prakaraNa, nATikA isa prakAra ke aneka rUpakoM kA paricaya ho cukA hai| ataH Age avaziSTa rUpakaprakAroM meM viziSTa rUpakoM kA nirdeza kiyA jA rahA hai|| IhAmRga :- kRSNa mitra kRta vIravijaya aura kRSNa avadhUta ghaTikAzataka dvArA viracita sarvavinoda / Dima :- rAmaviracita manmathonmathana aura veMkaTavaradakRta kRssnnvijy| prahasana :- zaMkhadharakRta laTakamelaka- yaha atiprAcIna prahasana mAnA jAtA hai| jyotirIzvara (16 vIM zatI) kRta dhUrtasamAgama, vANInAtha ke putra kavitArkitakRta kautukaratnAkara, sAmarAjakRta dhUrtanartaka, mahezvarakRta dhUrtaviDaMbana, batsarAja-kRta hAsyacUDAmaNi, jagadIzvara saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 235 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kRta hAsyArNava, kavipaMDita kRta hRdayagoviMda, bhAradvAjakRta kAleyakutUhala, gopInAtha cakravartI kRta kautukasarvasva, suMdaradevakRta- vinodaraMga, ziva jyotividakRta muMDitaprahasana, kRSNadattamaithila kRta sAMdrakutUhala, aruNagirinAthakRta somavallI-yogAnaMda aura kavisArvabhaumakRta DiMDima ityAdi vividha prahasanoM meM vezyA aura dhUrta logoM kA vyabhicAramaya jIvana citrita karate hue hAsya rasa nirmANa karane kA prayatna lekhakoM ne kiyA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya kA AkhAda lene vAlA bahusaMkhyAMka varga gaMbhIra prakRti kA aura ucca, udAtta abhiruci rakhane vAlA hone kAraNa, prahasana vAGmaya aura unake prayoga samAja meM lokapriya nahIM hue| Adhunika nATakakAroM ne hAsya rasAtmaka rUpaka nirmANa karane kI aura apanI pravRtti dikhAI hai| utsRSTikAMka (athavA aMka) prAcIna lekhakoM ne rUpaka ke isa prakAra kI aura vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyaa| isa prakAra ke rUpakoM meM bhAskara kavi-kRta unmattarAghava, lokanAtha bhaTTa kA kRSNAbhyudaya, harimohana prAmANika kRta kamalAkaruNavilAsa, maheza paMDitakRta svarNamuktAsaMvAda, rAjavarmabAlakavikRta gairvANIvijaya, varadarAjaputra snuSAvijaya va suMdararAjakRta vaidarbhI-vAsudeva ina kRtiyoM kI pradhAnatA se gaNanA hotI hai| vyAyoga - isa rUpaka prakAra meM bhAsakRta madhyamavyAyoga suprasiddha hai| anya suprasiddha vyAyogoM meM kAkatIya pratApaparudra (13-14 vIM zatI) ke Azrita kavi vizvanAtha kA saugaMdhikAharaNa (mahAbhArata ke bhIma-hanumAna yuddhaprasaMga para AdhArita), nArAyaNaputra kAMcanAcArya kA dhanaMjayavijaya, mokSAditya kA bhImavikrama, rAmacandra kA nirbhayabhIma ityAdi mahAbhArata ke AkhyAnoM se saMbaMdhita vyAyoga ullekhanIya haiN| kRSNacaritra se saMbaMdhita vyAyogoM meM rAmacaMdra ballALakRta kRSNavijaya, parvatezvara putra dharmasUrikRta narakAsuravijaya aura rAmakathA se saMbaMdhita bhAgavata lakSmaNazAstrI kRta rAmavijaya ullekhanIya haiN| garuDAkhyAna viSayaka do Ayoga prasiddha haiM (1) vArANasI ke kavi goviMda (yajJezvara ke putra) kA vinatAnaMda aura eka ajJAta kavi kA prcNddgruudd| bhANa :- yaha rUpaka kA prAcIna prakAra hai, paraMtu upalabdha bhANavAGmaya arvAcIna hai aura vaha bhI prAyaH dAkSiNAtya sAhityikoM ne likhA huA hai| vizeSa ullekhanIya bhANa :lekhaka bhANa vAmana bhaTTabANa (14-15 vIM zatI) zRMgArabhUSaNa rAmabhadra dIkSita (18 vIM zatI taMjaura nivAsI) zRMgAratilaka athavA ayyAbhANa ammalAcArya (vaiSNavAcArya) (1) vasaMtatilakA athavA ammAtilakabhANa aura (2) caulabhANa nallakavi - zRMgArasarvasva. yuvarAja (keralavAsI) rasasadana. varadAcArya anaMgasaMjIvana. varadAcArya (athavA varadArya) anaMga-brahmavidyAvilAsa. lakSmInarasiMha anaMgasarvasva. jagannAtha (zrInivAsaputra) anaMgavijaya. goviMda (pitA- bhaTTaraMgAcArya) gopalIlArNava. haridAsa harivilAsa. vyaMkappA kAmavilAsa. veMkaTakavi (kAMcIvAsI) kaMdarpadarpaNa. zrIkaMTha (abhinava kAlidAsa kA putra) kaMdarpadarpaNa. dhanaguruvarya (varadaguruputra) kaMdarpavijaya, rAmacaMdra dIkSita keralAbharaNa. gururAma madanagopAla-vilAsa. zrIkaMTha (anyanAma- naMjeMdra) (pitA zAmaiyAya) madana mahotsava. ghanazyAma madanasaMjIvana puravanam mAlamaMgala. (mahiSamaMgala) raMgAcArya paMcabANavijaya. trivikrama paMcAyudhaprapaMca. cokkanAtha rasavilAsa. / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 236 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra veMkaTa ( pitA - vedAntadezika) zaMkaranArAyaNa zrInivAsa zrInivAsa vedAntAcArya raMganAtha mahAdezika zrInivAsa (varadAcArya putra) rAmacaMdra vijimUra rAghavAcArya gIrvANendra (pitA- nIlakaMTha dIkSita) kAzyapa (abhinava kAlidAsa) gopAlarAya vaidyanAtha (pitA- kRSNakavi) avinAzIzvara rAjacUDAmaNi dIkSita nRsiMha (madurAnivAsI) rAmava yuvarAja koraDa rAmacaMdra rAmabhadra veMkaTAcArya (surapuravAsI) www.kobatirth.org | | | | | | 1 rasikajanarasollAsa. rasikAmRta. rasikaraMjana. rasollAsa saMpatakumAra vilAsa. (athavA mAdhavabhUSaNa) zAradAnaMdana. sarasakavikulAnaMda, zRMgAradIpaka. zRMgArakoza. saMgAra koza. zRMgAramaMjarI (zrIraMgarAja) zRMgAra pAvana. zRMgArasarvasva zRMgArasarvasva. zRMgArastabaka Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zRMgAra sudhAkara. zRMgArasudhArNava. zRMgArataraMgiNI zRMgArataraMgiNI inake atirikta kucha aprasiddha lekhakoM ke bhANa :- caMdrarekhAvilAsa, kusumakalyANavilAsa, madanabhUSaNa, paMcabANavilAsa, zRMgAracandrikA aura zRMgArajIvana / bhANoM kI isa nAmAvalI meM nirdiSTa nAmoM se inake aMtaraMga kA zRMgArika tathA kAmapradhAna svarUpa dhyAna meM A sakatA hai| aneka bhANoM se saMkalita kI gaI kathAvastu meM kukkuTayuddha, ajayuddha, mallayuddha, saperoM evaM jAdugaroM ke khela, unmatta hAthI ke kAraNa bhagadar3a, vezyAoM kI bastiyoM kA kAmuka vAtAvaraNa, vyabhicArI yuvaka varga, isa prakAra ke dRzya citrita kie haiN| sAmAnya rasikoM ke manoraMjana meM aise dRzya sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa bhANa rUpaka likhane meM acche khyAtanAma sAhityikoM ne bhI ruci dikhAI hai For Private and Personal Use Only mizrabhANa :- isa rUpaka prakAra kA nirdeza, zAhUdeva kRta saMgItaratnAkara (13 vIM zatI) kI kAzIpati kavirAja kRta TIkA meM kiyA huA hai| isI kavirAja ne mukuMdAnaMda nAmaka mizrabhANa likhA hai| rAmasukavizekhara (athavA liMgamaguMTarAma) kA zRMgArarasodaya bhI mizra bhAga hai| mukuMdAnaMda meM nAyaka bhujaMgazekhara kRSNarUpI hokara gopiyoM se krIDA karatA hai| isa prakAra eka hI pAtra kI do bhUmikA ke kAraNa isa rUpaka ko "mizrabhANa" saMjJA dI gaI hogii| kucha nATyazAstriyoM ne "bhANikA" nAmaka eka rUpaka prakAra mAnA hai| rUpagosvAmI kI dAnakelikaumudI bhANikA mAnI jAtI hai| sAhityadarpaNa meM nirdiSTa zrIgadita nAmaka uparUpaka prakAra ke aMtargata mAdhavakRta subhadrAharaNa kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| 16 saMskRta nATya kA sarvAtrika prabhAva prAcIna kAla meM bhArata ne bAhara ke dezoM meM aneka kSetroM meM sAMskRtika yogadAna diyA hai rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura bauddha kathAoM tathA paMcataMtra kI rAjanItika kathAoM kA bAhya dezoM meM madhyayuga meM pracAra huA thaa| pUrva aura madhya eziyA ke aneka rASTroM meM ina ke anuvAda yojanApUrvaka karavAe ge| jAvA meM 11 vIM zatAbdI se pahale hI nATyakalA kA vikAsa huA thA / vizeSataH chAyAnATakoM ke prayoga usa deza meM vividha prakAroM se pradarzita hote hai unameM "vyaMga pUrvA" nAmaka chAyAnATakoM ke saMvidhAnaka, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura usa deza ke manikamaya nAmaka graMthoM ke AkhyAnoM para AdhArita hote hai / jAvAnI nATakoM meM bhAratIya nATakoM kA "sUtradhAra" "dalaMga" nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| "dalaMga" zabda kA artha hai sUtra hilAne vAlA / 1 malAyA, brahmadeza, sayAma aura kAMboDiyA meM, rAmacaritra paraka nATakoM ke prayoga Aja bhI lokapriya haiN| ina sabhI paurastya dezoM meM chAyAnATaka vizeSa pracalita haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya meM ekamAtra "dUtAMgada" chAyA nATaka prasiddha hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha prayoga prakAra una dezoM ke saMparka ke kAraNa bhArata meM pracalita huA paraMtu vaha yahAM sarvatra lokapriya nahIM ho skaa| cIna meM bauddha dharma ke pracAra ke kAraNa vahAM kI nATyasRSTi meM bhI ahiMsAdika bauddha siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle dhArmika nATyamaMca nirmANa hue| saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 237

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musalamAnI zAsana ke pradIrgha kAla meM bhArata kI nATyakalA kevala dakSiNa meM jIvita sI thii| sara vilyama jonsa ko bhAratIya nATaka kA paricaya saMskRta nATakoM kA vAcana karane se ho skaa| pratyakSa prayoga ve dekha nahIM ske| nATyagraMthoM ke vAcana se nATaka yAne DrAmA yaha artha unakI samajha meM A skaa| urdU nATakoM kA prAraMbha mugala saltanat samApta hone ke bAda hotA hai| usa bhASA ke rasikoM ne apane nijI viSayoM ke atirikta, naladamayaMtI, vIra abhimanyu, rukmiNIvivAha, gaMgAvataraNa, rAjA bhartRhari, rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata ke AkhyAna Adi saMskRta viSayoM para nATaka nirmANa kiye aura unameM se kucha lokapriya hue| mahArASTra meM 1841 se nATya saMsthA kA udgama sAMgalI rAjya ke adhipati zrImaMta AppAsAheba paTavardhana aura unake Azrita lekhaka zrI viSNudAsajI bhAve ke prayatnoM se huaa| isase pahale marAThI meM nATaka nahIM the| zrI viSNudAsa bhAvejI kA pahalA nATaka thA siitaasvyNvr| unake anya sabhI nATaka paurANika AkhyAnoM para Azrita hai| prAraMbhika marAThI nATakoM kI nimna likhita nAmAvalI se saMskRta sAhitya ke prabhAva kI kalpanA A sakatI hai - __marAThI nATaka :- subhadrAharaNa, vatsalAharaNa, sItAharaNa, kIcakavadha, duHzAsanavadha, vRtrAsuravadha, rAvaNavadha, dakSaprajApatiyajJa, kaca-devayAnI, surata-sudhanvA, bANAsuravadha, rAsakrIDA, naranArAyaNacaritra, kaurava pANDava yuddha, kirAtArjuna yuddha, indrajitavadha, harizcandra ityaadi| ina saMskRta AkhyAnopajIvI nATakoM ke atirikta zAkuntala, uttararAmacarita prasannarAghava ityAdi utkRSTa saMskRta nATakoM ke anuvAdoM ne marAThI nATyavAGmaya kA poSaNa kiyA hai| hiMdI meM vArANasI ke bAbU harizcandra se jo nATya vAGmaya kI paramparA nirmANa huI usameM, saMskRta-AkhyAnopajIvI nATakoM kI saMkhyA paryApta mAtrA meM bar3I hai| bhArata ke sabhI prAdezika bhASAoM ke sAhityetihAsa aba prakAzita ho cuke haiN| una sabhI bhASAoM ke nATya vAGmaya ke prAraMbhika kAla meM saMskRta AkhyAnoM evaM nATya granthoM kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| 17 arvAcIna saMskRta nATaka prAdezika bhASAoM meM nATaka vAGmaya kI nirmiti kA prAraMbha 19 vIM zatI meM huaa| saMskRta kI nATya vAGmaya paramparA ati prAcIna kAla se akhila bhArata meM akhaMDa cAlU rhii| nATya graMthoM kI nirmiti (aura una nATyoM ke prayoga) saMskRta jagat meM kabhI baMda nahIM rhii| karAla kAla ke prabhAva se abhI taka kitane nATakoM kA vilaya huA yaha kahanA asaMbhava hai| phira bhI Aja jitanA nATya vAGmaya upalabdha hai usameM nirmiti kA kArya satata dikhAI detA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne saMskRta vAGmaya kA parAmarza lene vAle apane graMthoM meM 16 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kI saMskRta sAhitya kI nirmiti kI aura dhyAna na dete hue, usa vAGmaya pravAha ko khaMDita mAna kara, saMskRta ko "mRta" kahane kA dussAhasa kiyaa| paraMtu usa 16 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda jo vipula vAGmaya sabhI viSayoM meM saMskRta ke vidvAnoM ne nirmANa kiyA, usameM nATya graMthoM kA pramANa bharapUra hai| prastuta saMskRta vAGmaya koza meM aneka Adhunika nATakoM eva nATakalekhakoM kA paricaya yathAkrama diyA hai| ina Adhunika nATakoM meM kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti vAGmaya ke adhyayana ke kAraNa, usa navIna paddhati kA anusaraNa tathA pAzcAtya nATyavAGmaya ke adhyayana ke kAraNa, usa navIna paddhati kA bhI anukaraNa aneka lekhakoM ne kiyA hai| isa Adhunika kAlakhaMDa meM pacAsa se adhika pratibhAsaMpanna nATakakAra aura unake dvArA likhita savAsau se adhika utkRSTa nATya graMthoM kA praNayana huA hai| madhyama aura nikRSTa zreNI kI racanAoM ko dhyAna meM lete hue yaha saMkhyA kAphI bar3I hotI hai| prAdezika bhASAoM ke arvAcIna nATyavAGmaya meM, dezakAla paristhiti ke prabhAva ke kAraNa, jitanI vividhatA nirmANa huI, utanI Adhunika saMskRta nATya vAGmaya meM bhI dikhAI detI hai| durbhAgya yahI hai kI Aja kI viziSTa paristhiti meM, aneka kAraNoM se saMskRta bhASA aura saMskRta vidyA kA maulika adhyayana karane vAloM kI saMkhyA meM sarvatra hAsa hone ke kAraNa, saMskRta sAhityikoM ke isa kartRtva kI ora zikSita varga kA bhI dhyAna nahIM hai| -238 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa-12 "lalita vAGmaya" 1 prAstAvika rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura purANa vAGmaya ke AkhyAna-upAkhyAnoM kI rocakatA tathA rasAtmakatA kI apUrvatA se pratibhAsampanna vidvAna sAhityika atiprAcIna kAla se prabhAvita hote rhe| isa prAcIna itihAsa-purANAtmaka vAGmaya kA dRDha parizIlana tathA vyAkaraNa, chandaHzAstra, dharmazAstra, rAjanItizAstra, kAmazAstra, adhyAtmavidyA kA mahAna adhyayana, kathA-AkhyAyikAoM kA paThana-zravaNa tathA laukika jIvana kA sUkSma avalokana ityAdi ke saMskAra se jina kI pratibhA pallavita huI aise lekhakoM ne rasa-rIti-alaMkAra niSTha ramaNIya paddhati kI racanA karane kI prathA zurU kii| isa prakAra kI madhura racanA kA prAraMbha kisa kAla meM huA yaha eka vivAdya prazna hai| vAstava meM vedoM kI "nArAMzasI" gAthAoM tathA kucha kathAoM evaM AkhyAnoM meM rocaka yA cittAkarSaka vAGmaya kA mUla srota dikhAI detA hai| purANoM ke aneka AkhyAnoM, upAkhyAnoM meM usa rocakatA yA ramaNIyatA kA vikAsa huaa| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata pramukhatayA itihAsAtmaka hote hue bhI unake varNanoM evaM saMvAdoM meM yaha vAGmayIna ramaNIyatA kA aMza itanI mAtrA meM vikasita huA hai ki rAmAyaNa ko AdikAvya mAnA gayA aura mahAbhArata ko samasta kavivaroM kA upajIvya AkhyAna mAnA gyaa| vAstava meM samagra purANa vAGmaya aura rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA (purANAntargata) zrImadbhAgavata saMskRta bhASA ke prasanna, madhura evaM ojasvI, rasAtmaka, alaMkArapracura vAGmaya ke upajIvya graMtha hai| isa prakAra ke zabda evaM artha kI vicitratA tathA vyaMjakatA se otaprota vAGmaya ko hI "lalita vAGmaya" saMjJA dI hai| isa lalita vAGmaya ke gadya, padya, mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya, campU, dUtakAvya, stotrakAvya, nATakAdi rUpaka prakAra, kathA, AkhyAyikA ityAdi avAMtara bheda mAne gaye haiN| isa lalita vAGmaya ko hI "sAhitya" saMjJA dI gayI hai| . sAhitya zabda "sahita" se banA hai| isameM zabda aura artha kA sahitatva athavA sahabhAva apekSita hai| darzana, zAstra, vijJAna jaise viSayoM ke atirikta, rAgAtmaka, rasAtmaka, tathA kalpanAtmaka ramaNIya racanA ko hI "sAhitya" kahate haiN| isa prakAra ke lakSya granthoM kA vivecana karane vAle, bharata bhAmaha, daNDI, AnaMdavardhana Adi manISiyoM ke graMtha "sAhityazAstra" ke antargata Ate haiM aura isa prakAra kI zAstrAnukUla racanA karane vAle kavi, nATakakAra, campUkAra Adi lekhaka "sAhityika" yA "sAhityAcArya" mAne jAte haiN| aMgrajI meM liTarecara" aura urdU meM "adaba" zabda sAhitya ke artha ko dhotita karate haiN| saMskRta bhASA meM "sAhitya" zabda ke artha meM sAmAnyataH kAvya zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| AcArya bhAmaha ne (I.6 za.) "zabdArthoM sahitau kAvyam--" isa apanI kAvyavyAkhyA meM sAhitya aura kAvya zabda kI samAnArthakatA sUcita kI hai| paMDitarAja jagannAtha kI "ramaNIyArthaprativAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam" "isa kAvya vyAkhyA meM bhI zabda aura artha kI ramaNIyatA kA sahitatva (sAhitya) adhyAhata hai| mammaTa (I. 12 vIM zatI) kI "tadadoSau zabdArthoM saguNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kvApi" isa suprasiddha kAvyavyAkhyA meM, AcArya hemacaMdra kI "adoSau saguNau sAlaMkArau ca zabdArthoM kAvyam" isa vyAkhyA meM aura vAgbhaTa (I. 12 vIM zatI) kI zabdArthoM nirdoSau saguNau prAyaH sAlaMkArau kAvyam" isa vyAkhyA meM nirdoSa, guNayukta tathA alaMkAraniSTha zabda aura artha ke sahitatva ko hI kAvya kahA hai, jisa kA spaSTa artha yahI hotA hai ki sAhitya aura kAvya donoM zabda prAyaH samAnArthaka haiN| sAhityazAstriyoM ne kAvya kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAroM se kiyA hai| usameM racanA kI dRSTi se "zrAvya" aura dRzya"nAmaka do prakAra pramukha mAne jAte haiN| zrAvya kAvya ke tIna bheda hote hai :- gadya, padya aura mishr| gadya kAvya chandoM ke bandhanoM se mukta hotA hai| phira bhI usake apane kucha Avazyaka niyama hote haiN| gadya kAvya ke "kathA" (kalpitavRttAnta) aura "AkhyAyikA" (aitihAsika vRttAnta) nAmaka do pramukha bheda hote haiN| kathA kA udAharaNa hai bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI aura AkhyAyikA" kA, usI mahAkavi kI dUsarI racanA harSacarita / padya yAne chandobaddha rcnaa| isa ke do bheda hote haiM :- (1) prabandha kAvya aura (2) muktaka kaavy| "pUrvAparArthadhaTanai. prabandhaH" isa lakSaNa ke anusAra pUrvApara saMbaMdha nirvAhapUrvaka kathAtmaka racanA ko "prabandha" kAvya kahate hai| muktaka kAvya ke padya svataHpUrNa hote haiN| sphuTa subhASitoM evaM stotroM kA svarUpa muktakAtmaka hotA hai| prabandhakAvya ke do prakAra mAne jAte haiM : saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 239 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1) mahAkAvya aura (2) kthaakaavy| mahAkAvya kA savistara lakSaNa vizvanAtha ne apane sAhitya darpaNa meM batAyA hai : "sargabandho mahAkAvyaM tatraiko nAyakaH surH| savaMzaH kSatriyo vA'pi dhIrodAtta-guNAnvitaH / / ekavaMzabhavA bhUpAH kulajA bahavo'pi vaa| zRMgAravIrazAntAnAm eko'GgI rasa iSyate / / aMgAni sarve'pi rasAH sarve naattksndhyH| itihAsodbhavaM vRttam anyad vA sjjnaashrym|| catvArastasya vargAH syuH teSvekaM ca phalaM bhvet| Adau nmskriyaashiirv| vastunirdeza eva vaa|| kvacinindA khalAdInAM satAM ca gunnkiirtnm| ekavRttamayaiH padyaiH avasAne'nyavRttakaiH / / nAtisvalpA nAtidIrghA sargA aSTAdhikA ih| nAnAvRttamayaH kvApi sargaH kazcana dRshyte|| sargAnte bhAvisargasya kathAyAH sUcanaM bhvet| sandhyA-sUryendu-rajanI-pradoSa-dhvAntavAsarAH / / prAtarmadhyAhnamRgayA shailrtuvnsaagraaH| sambhoga-vipralambhau ca munisvargapurAdhvarAH / / rnnpryaannopym-mntrputrodyaastthaa| varNanIyA yathAyogaM sAGyapopAGgA amI iha / / kavettasya vA nAmnA nAyakasyetarasya vaa| nAmAsya syAdupAdeyakathAyA sarganAma tu / / (sAhityadarpaNa - 4-315-25) sAhityadarpaNa kA yaha mahAkAvya-lakSaNa sarvamAnya ho cukA hai| yaha lakSaNa kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha ityAdi prAcIna mahAkaviyoM ke prakhyAta mahAkAvyoM ko lakSya rakha kara likhA gayA hai| isa lakSaNa-zlokAvalI ke anusAra mahAkAvya kA svarUpa nimna prakAra honA cAhie: (1) usakA vibhAjana sargoM meM honA caahie| (2) usakA nAyaka dhIrodAtta guNayukta kulIna zratriya yA devatA yA eka vaMza ke aneka rAjA ho| (3) zRMgAra, vIra yA zAnta aGgI rasa aura anya sabhI rasa aGgabhUta hoN| (4) nATaka ke pAMcoM sandhiyoM meM kathAnaka kA vibhAjana ho| (5) usa kA vRttAnta aitihAsika yA kisI satpuruSoM ke caritra se saMbaMdhita ho| (6) prAraMbha meM namana, AzIrvAda, durjananiMdA, sujanastuti ho| (7) usameM caturvidha puruSArgha kA pratipAdana ho| (8) sarga meM eka hI vRtta ho kintu anta meM bhinna vRtta meM zlokaracanA ho| sargoM kI saMkhyA 8 se adhika ho aura unakA vistAra samucita ho| kisI eka sarga meM nAnA prakAra ke vRttoM meM zlokaracanA ho| sarga ke anta meM bhAvI kathA kI sUcanA ho| (9) nisargasauMdarya tathA nagara, Azrama, mRgayA, yuddha, zRMgAraceSTA Adi ke varNana yathAsthAna avazya ho| (10) mahAkAvya kA nAma kavinAma, nAyakanAma ityAdi se saMbaMdhita ho| sarga kA nAma, usameM varNita ghaTanA ke anurUpa ho| isI prakAra kA mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa daNDI ne apane kAvyAdarza meM kara rakhA hai jo prastuta lakSaNa se milatA julatA evaM saMkSipta hai| ___ saMskRta vAGmaya meM kAlidAsakRta raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava, bhAravikRta kirAtArjunIya, mAghakRta zizupAlavadha, aura zrIharSakRta naiSadhacarita, ye "paMca mahAkAvya" sarvazreSTha mAne jAte hai| inameM utkRSTa kavitva aura zreSTha pANDitya, doMnoM guNoM kA prakarSa dikhAI detA hai, ataH inhIMkA adhyayana prAyaH sarvatra hotA A rahA hai| 2 mahAkAvya ina suprasiddha paMca mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta mahAkAvya lakSaNAnusAra likhe gaye mahAkAvyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta baDI hai| isa vibhAga ke anyAnya prakaraNoM meM saMdarbhAnusAra unakA ullekha huA hai| ataH yahAM unakI sUcI dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| mahAkAvyoM kI paraMparA prAyaH pANini kRta pAtAlavijaya yA jAmbavatIjaya mahAkAvya se mAnI jAtI hai| vaiyAkaraNa pANini aura mahAkavi pANini ko DaoN. bhAMDArakara, pITarasana, Adi vidvAna vibhinna mAnate haiM, kintu DaoN. ophrekTa tathA DaoN. pizela donoM meM abheda mAnate haiN| paMtajali ne apane vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya meM vararuci-(vArtikakAra kAtyAyana kA nAmAntara) kRta kAvya (vArarucaM kAvyam) kA tathA vAsavadattA, sumanoharA, bhaimarathI nAmaka gadya AkhyAyikoM kA (jo anupalabdha hai) ullekha kiyA haiN| piMgalamuni ke chandaHsUtroM meM jina laukika chandoM kA vivaraNa huA hai, unake nAmoM kI kAvyAtmakatA evaM zRMgArAtmakatA kI ora saMketa karate hue DaoN. yAkobI ne saMskRta kAvyoM meM unakA prayoga vikramapUrva zatAbdiyoM meM mAnA hai| ina pramANoM ke AdhAra para saMskRta bhASA ke sarasa evaM sAlaMkRta lalitavAGmaya kA athavA kAvyoM kA udaya vikramapUrva zatAbdiyoM meM mAnA jAtA hai| mahAkAvyoM kI yaha paraMparA Aja kI 20 vIM zatAbdI taka akhaMDita rUpa se cala rahI hai| vaha kabhI bhI khaMDita nahIM huii| pAzcAtya samIkSAzAstriyoM ne mahAkAvya ke do rUpa svIkRta kie haiM : 1) saMkalanAtmaka mahAkAvya (epika oNpha grotha) aura 2) alaMkRta mahAkAvya (epika oNpha ArTa) rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ko unhoMne saMkalanAtmaka mahAkAvya mAnA hai jinheM (unake matAnusAra) samaya samaya para vidvAnoM ne parivardhita kiyA hai| arthAta ve ina mahAkAvyoM ko ekakartRka nahIM maante| alaMkRta mahAkAvyoM kA prAdurbhAva rAmAyaNa- mahAbhArata ke pazcAt hI huA 240/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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aura ina para unakA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| saMskRta ke lalita vAGmaya meM, alaMkRta mahAkAvyoM kA hI pravAha akhaMDita cala rahA hai aura isa prakAra ke kAvyoM kI saMkhyA bharapUra hai| alaMkRta kAvyoM meM bahusaMkhya kAvya paurANika viSayoM para AdhArita hai| aitihAsika kAvyoM kI saMkhyA unase kama hai| tIsare zAstrIya mahAkAvya haiM jinameM kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA praNIta zAstroM ke niyamoM kA zata-pratizata pAlana karane kA prayAsa hotA hai aura isa prayAsa ke kAraNa usameM kathAvastu ko gauNatva aura alaMkAra tathA pANDityapradarzana ko prAdhAnya milatA hai| bhAravikRta kirAtArjunIya, mAdhakRta zizupAlanavadha, zrIharSakRta naipadhIya, vastupAlakRta naranArAyaNAnanda Adi isa prakAra ke udAharaNa haiM / mahAkAvyoM meM pANDityapradarzana karane kI eka spardhA sI saMskRta sAhityikoM meM calatI rhii| isa spardhA meM subandhu ne vAsavadattA nAmaka "pratyakSara-zleSamayaH prabandhaH "likha kara jo pAMDityapUrNa kavitva kA Adarza prasthApita kiyA, usakA anusaraNa karate hue apane kAvyagranthoM meM vividha prakAra kI kliSTatA nirmANa karane vAle sAhityikoM kI eka pRthak paraMparA pracalita huii| 12 vIM zatAbdI meM kavirAja ne rAghava-pANDavIya nAmaka dvayarthI kAvya (jisa meM rAmAyaNa aura bhArata kI kathA zleSa ke AdhAra para ekatra racI huI hai|), likha kara "saMdhAna" (yA anekArthaka) kAvya kI prathA zurU kii| eka artha ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda aura eka zabda ke aneka vastuvAcaka artha, saMskRta bhASA ke koSa meM bharapUra mAtrA meM milate haiN| saMskRta zabdoM kI isa vizeSatA kA svacchaMda upayoga karane kI zakti jina kaviyoM meM rahI unhoMne isa prakAra ke "saMdhAna" kAvyoM kI racanA kii| isa paraMparA meM ullekhanIya kAvya :nAbheya nemidvisaMdhAna kAvya :- le-suraacaary| I. 12 vIM shtii| isameM neminAtha aura RSabhadeva kI kathAeM ekatrita kI haiN| isa prakAra kA ajJAtakartRka aura bhI eka kAvya upalabdha hai| kumAravihAra prazastikAvya :- le. hemacaMdra ke ziSya vardhamAna gnni| isa kAvya meM kumArapAla, hemacaMdrAcArya aura vAgbhaTa maMtrI ke saMbaMdha meM vividha artha nikalate haiN| isa kAvya ke 87 veM padya ke 116 artha nikAle gaye haiN| zatArthika kAvya :- le. somaprabhAcArya (vardhamAnagaNi ke smkaalik)| yaha kAvya yAne eka mAtra padya hai, jisase "svayaM kavi ne apanI TIkA meM 106 artha nikAle haiM, jinameM 24 tIrthaMkara, brahmA, viSNu, maheza, tathA cAlukya nRpati jayasiMha, kumArapAla, ajayapAla Adi ke saMbaMdha meM artha nikalate haiN| aSTalakSI :- le. smysundr| I. 16 vIM shtii| catuHsandhAna kAvyaH- le. manohara aura zobhana / saptasandhAnakAvya :- le. jgnnaath| caturvizatisaMdhAnaH :- le. jgnnaath| isake eka hI zloka se 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA arthabodha hotA hai| saptasaMndhAna kAvya :- le. meghavijaya gnni| I.18 vIM shtii| srg-9| pratyeka zleSamaya padya se RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ina tIrthaMkaroM evaM rAma aura kRSNa ina sAta mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA artha nikalatA hai| yAdavarAghavIyam :- le. veMkaTadhvarI (vizvaguNAdarzacampUkAra) I.17 vIM shtii| rAghava-yAdava-pANDavIyam (trisaMdhAna kAvya) : le. cidambara kvi| I. 17 vIM shtii| isa kAvya para kavi ke pitA anantanArAyaNa ne TIkA likhI hai| paMcakalyANacampU : le. cidambara kavi / isameM rAma, kRSNa, viSNu, ziva aura subrahmaNya ina pAca devatAoM ke vivAhotsavoM kA varNana milatA hai| bhAgavatacampU : cidambara kavi / yAdava-rAghava-pANDavIyam : le. anntaacaary| udayendrapura (karnATaka) ke nivaasii| rAghavanaiSadhIyam : le. jayazaMkaraputra haradatta / I. 18 vIM shtii| sarga 2 / kavi ne svayaM TIkA likhI hai| yAdava-rAghavIyam : le. narahari / naiSadhapArijAtam : le. kRSNa (ayyA) diikssit| viSaya : nalakathA aura bhAgavata kI pArijAtaharaNa kthaa| . kosala-bhosalIyam : le. shessaaclkvi| sarga : 61 prastuta kAvya meM taMjaura nareza zahAji (ekojI kA putra) aura prabhu rAmacaMdra kA caritra milatA hai| abodhAkaram : le. taMjaura ke tukojI bhosale kA maMtrI ghnshyaam| isameM nala, kRSNa aura harizcandra ke caritra milate haiN| isI ghanazyAma kavi ne kalidUSaNam nAmaka saMdhAna kAvya likhA hai jisameM saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA meM artha milate haiN| ghanazyAma ne pracaNDarAhUdaya nAmaka lAkSaNika nATaka bhI likhA hai| 16 saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 241 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kaMkaNabandharAmAyaNa : le. kRSNamUrti / I. 19 vIM zatI / isa eka anuSThabh zlokAtmaka rAmAyaNa meM 64 artha milate haiN| yaha zloka kaMkaNAkRti yA maMDalAkAra likhA jAtA hai, aura savya tathA apasavya dizA se par3hA jAtA hai| isI prakArakA kaMkaNabandha rAmAyaNa cAralA bhASyakAra nAmaka kavi ne (I. 20 vIM zatI) likhA hai| nivAsasthAna: kAkarapartI (kRSNA z2ilA AMdhra pradeza) / jaina stotra sAhitya meM isI anekArthaka paddhati se racita kucha stotra upalabdha haiN| navakhaMDa pArzvastava : le. jJAnasUri / vividhArthamaya sarvajJastotra : le. somatilakasUri / navagrahagarbhitapArzvastavana : le. rAjazekharasUri / paMcatIrthIstuti: le. meghavijaya / dvayarthakarNa pArzvastava : le. samayasundara / ityAdi / (prAcIna sAhityoddhAra granthAvalI ( ahamadAbAda ) dvArA prakAzita anekArtha sAhitya saMgraha nAmaka graMtha meM isa prakAra ke kucha jaina kAvyoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| ye sAre sandhAnakAvya, vyAkhyA ke binA durbodha hote haiN| ataH ina kAvyoM ke lekhakoM yA unakI paraMparA ke anya vidvAnoM ko una para TIkAeM likhanI pddii| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir isa prakAra ke "vyAkhyAgamya" kAvyoM kA aura eka prakAra cauthI yA pAMcavI zatAbdI meM prAraMbha huaa| ina kAvyoM rayacitAoM ne alaMkAra tathA vyAkaraNa zAstra kA bodha apane ziSyoM tathA pAThakoM ko dene ke hetu graMthanirmitI kI / bhaTTikAvya isa prakAra kA prathama kAvya hai jisakI racanA I. 4-5 vIM zatI meM huii| isa mahAkAvya ke prakIrNa, prasanna, alaMkAra aura tiGanta nAmaka cAra bhAga haiN| inameM pANinIya sUtroM ke kramAnusAra vyAkaraNa zAstra ke sAre udAharaNa upalabdha hote haiN| dasaveM sarga meM alaMkAroM ke sAre udAharaNa upalabdha hote haiN| apane isa kAvya kI zAstraniSThatA kA abhimAna vyakta karate hue bhaTTi (yA bhartRhari) kahate haiN| dazAnanavadham le yogIndranAtha tarkacUDAmaNi / : "vyAkhyAgamyamidaM kAvyam utsavaH sudhiyAmalam / hatA durmedhasAsmin vidvatpriyatayA mayA (11-34) arthAt yaha merA kavya vyAkhyA kI sahAyatA se hI samajhane yogya hai, ataH buddhimAn pAThakoM ko isameM bharapUra AnaMda milegaa| merI vidvapriyatA ke kAraNa buddhihIna pAThaka isameM naSTa hoNge| bhaTTikAvya kI isa viziSTa praNAlI meM nirmANa hue kucha ullekhanIya kAvya : rAvaNArjunIyam: le. bhUma (athavA bhaumika) kvi| I 7 vIM zatI / sarga 27, viSaya kArtavIrya kA caritra / isameM aSTAdhyAyI ke udAharaNa milate haiN| pANDavacaritam : le. divaakr| sarga 14 / yaha kAvya vyAkaraNazAstraniSTha hai / dhAtukAvyam aura subhadrAharaNam : le. nArAyaNa / pitA brahmadatta / donoM kAvya vyAkaraNaniSTha hai| vAsudevavijayam : le. vAsudeva zrIcihnakAvya : le. kRSNalIlAzuka / sargasaMkhyA 12 / isake aMtima cAra sarga kavi ke ziSya durgAprasAda ne likhe haiM; jinameM trivikramakRta vyAkaraNa ke udAharaNa uddhRta haiN| kRSNalIlAzuka dvArA likhita bhAga meM vararuci ke prAkRta udAharaNoM kA prayoga huA hai| raghunAthabhUpAlIyam : le. kRSNa paMDita / taMjauranareza raghunAthanAyaka ke sabhApaMDita / sarga 8 / isameM kavi ne alaMkAroM ke udAharaNoM dvArA apane AzrayadAtA kA caritra varNana kiyA hai| isakI TIkA vijayendra tIrtha ke ziSya sudhIndratIrtha ne raghunAthanAyaka ke AdezAnusAra likhI / rAmavarmayazobhUSaNam le sadAziva makhI pitA kokanAtha (yA cokkanAtha) viSaya trivaMkura nareza rAmavarmA kA caritra yaha alaMkArazAstrani kAvya hai| : mAdhavarAva pezavA (prathama) aura raghunAtharAva pezavA kA alaMkAraniSTha gunnvrnnn| viSaya trivAMkuranareza vizAkharAma varmA kI stuti / Thagopa- guNAlaMkAra - paricaryA : le. zrIraMga nagara ke bhaTTa kula meM utpanna ajJAtanAmA / I. 17 vIM zatI / viSaya SaThagopa nammAlavAra sAdhu kI alaMkAraniSTha stuti / alaMkAramaMjUSA le. devazaMkara I. 18 vIM viSaya arthacitramaNimAlA : le. ma.ma. gaNapatizAstrI lokamAnyAlaMkAra : le. gajAnana rAmacaMdra karamarakara indaura ke nivAsI lokamAnya tilakajI kA alaMkAraniSTha guNavarNana | alaMkAramaNihAra le. brahmataMtra parakAlasvAmI jo pUrvAzrama meM kRSNammAcArya nAmaka maisUra meM vakIla the| viSaya veMkaTezvarastuti / isI paraMparA meM vividha chandoM ke lakSaNasahita udAharaNa prastuta karane vAle rAmadevakRta vRttaratnAvalI, gaMgAdAsakRta chandomaMjarI, vasaMta tryaMbaka zevaDe kRta vRttamaMjarI ityAdi kAvya likhe gaye, jinakA viSaya viziSTa devatA kI stuti hai| 242 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa 3 "kathAkAvya" prabandha kA dUsarA prakAra hai kathAkAvya jisameM rasAtmaka evaM alaMkArapracura zailI meM romAMcaka tattvoM ke samAveza ke sAtha kathAvarNana hotA hai| yaha chaMdobaddha racanA hone se gadyAtmaka AkhyAyikA evaM kathA se bhinna hai paraMtu gadya padya kA bheda chor3a For Private and Personal Use Only

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diyA jAya to tattvataH unameM bheda nhiiN| kathA ke vibhinna rUpoM kA vargIkaraNa viSaya, zailI, pAtra, evaM bhASA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se kathAeM cAra prakAra kI hotI haiM : dharmakathA, arthakathA, kAmakathA, aura mishrkthaa| inameM se dharmakathA ke cAra bheda kie jAte haiN| AkSepiNI, vikSepiNI, saMvedanI aura nivednii| mizrakathA meM manoraMjana aura kautukavardhaka sabhI prakAra ke kathAnaka rahate haiN| pAtroM ke AdhAra para divya, mAnuSya aura mizra kathAeM kahI gaI haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se saMskRta, prAkRta aura mizra rUpa meM kathAeM likhI gayI haiN| zailI kI dRSTi se sakalakathA, khaMDakathA ullAghakathA, parihAsakathA aura saMkIrNa kathA ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kI kathAeM mAnI gayI haiN| inameM sakalakathA aura khaMDakathA pramukha haiN| sakalakathA kA kathAnaka vistRta hotA hai aura usameM avAntara kathAoM kI yojanA hotI hai| pradyumnasUrikRta samarAdityacarita, jinezvarasUrikRta nirvANalIlAvatI Adi sakalakathA ke udAharaNa haiN| ina bhedoM ke atirikta kathAnaka kI dRSTi se prAcIna kathAsAhitya kA svarUpa bahutahI vaividhyapUrNa hai| inameM nItikathA, lokakathA, purAtanakathA, daivatakathA, dRSTAntakathA, parIkathA, kalpitakathA Adi anekavidha prakAra milate haiN| prAcIna itihAsa evaM purANa vAGmaya meM kathAoM kA bhaMDAra bharA huA hai| una sabhI kathAoM meM upari nirdiSTa kathAprakAra bikhare hue haiN| __ kathA kA lakSaNa amarakoza meM "prabandhakalpanA kathA" isa prakAra kiyA hai| isa lakSaNa kA vivaraNa karate hue sArasundarIkAra kahate haiM, "prabandhena kalpanA arthAt prabandhasya abhidheyasya kalpanA svayaM racanA" arthAt jisa racanA meM vaktavya viSaya kI racanA lekhaka dvArA apanI kalpanA ke anusAra hotI hai, aisI racanA ko kathA" kahate hai| bharata ke matAnusAra kathA "bahanRtA stoka satyA" (bahuta aMzameM asatya aura alpa aMza meM satya) hotI hai| bhAratIya kathA sAhitya kA mUlasrota vaidika vAGmaya meM milatA hai| vaidika kathAoM kA saMgraha sarvaprathama zaunaka ne apane bRhaddevatA graMtha meM kiyaa| isa saMgraha meM 48 kathAeM milatI haiN| jinako zaunaka ne aitihAsikatA kA mahattva diyA hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANavAGmaya, tripiTaka, jainapurANa evaM cUrNiyA~ ityAdi meM upalabdha bahuta sArI kathAoM kA svarUpa dhArmika dRSTyA mahattvapUrNa hai| ina dharmakathAoM kA pravacana aura zravaNa puNyadAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| nItitattvapradhAna kathAoM kA saMgraha jaina kathAkoza, bauddhajAtaka, paMcataMtra, kathAsAritsAgara jaise granthoM meM huA hai| nItiparaka kathAsaMgrahoM kI dRSTi se jaina aura bauddha vAGmaya vizeSa samRddha haiN| bauddha jAtaka kathAoM kI saMkhyA 550 hai| bauddhoM kA "avadAna" sAhitya bhI isI prakAra kA hai| paMcataMtra, hitopadeza aura kathAsaritsAgara meM sAmAnya janajIvana kI pRSThabhUmi para AdhArita vyavahArika nItitattvoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| ina sabhI nItikathAoM kA prabhAva sAre saMsAra ke kathAvAGmayapara atiprAcIna kAla meM par3A hai| nItikathAoM kA udgama vaidika brAhmaNa vAGmaya meM huaa| ina kathAoM meM prANikathAoM yA jantukathAoM kA praveza, mahAbhArata kI nItikathAoM ke dvArA huaa| jina dharmasaMpradAyoM meM karmakANDa kI apekSA nItiniSTha jIvana ko hI dhArmika dRSTi se adhika mahattva diyA gayA aise jaino bauddha, vaiSNava aura zaiva saMpradAyoM meM sabhI prakAra kI naitika kathAoM, tIrthakathAoM aura vratakathAoM ko vizeSa mahattva prApta huaa| ina saMpradAyoM ne apane udAtta dharmavicAroM kA pracAra, subodha kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyaa| bhAratIya kathAoM kA pracAra I. chaThI zatAbdI se pUrva, cIna meM huA thaa| cIna ke vizvakoza meM aneka bhAratIya kathAoM ke anuvAda milate haiN| itAlI kA prakhyAta kavi petrArka ke DikaeNmerAna nAmaka kathAsaMgraha meM aneka prAcIna bhAratIya kathAeM milatI haiN| isApanIti, aliphaphalailA (arabI kathAsaMgraha) tathA bAibala kI bhI aneka kathAoM kA mUla bhAratIya kathAoM meM mAnA jAtA hai| ina kathAoM kA samAja meM kathana karane vAle AkhyAnavid sUta, mAgadha, kathAvakAza, ityAdi nAma ke uttama guNI vaktAoM kA ullekha prAcIna vAGmaya meM milatA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya meM ullekhanIya kathAsaMgraha bRhatkathAmaMjarI : kssemendr| guNADhya kI bRhatkathA (mUla-paizAcI bhASIya graMtha) kA saMskRta saMskaraNa / kathAsaritsAgara : le. somdev| bRhatkathA kA saMskRta rUpAMtara / paMcataMtra : le. vissnnushrmaa| isake pAMca taMtra nAmaka prakaraNoM meM 87 kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| sAtha meM prAcIna graMthoM ke aneka nItipara subhASita zloka uddhRta kiye haiN| hitopadeza :le. nArAyaNa tathA unake AzrayadAtA rAjA dhvlcndr| isameM mitralAbha suhadbheda, vigraha aura sandhi nAmaka cAra bhAgoM. meM paMcataMtra kI kathAeM samAviSTa kI haiN| isameM 679 nItiviSayaka padya haiM jo mahAbhArata, cANakya nItizAstra Adi graMthoM se saMgRhita kiye haiN| vetAlapaMcaviMzati : 1) le. shivdaas| 2) le. jambhaladatta / paMcAkhyAnaka : le. pUrNabhadra sUri / paMcataMtra kA saMzodhita saMskaraNa / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 243 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tantropAkhyAna : le. vsubhaag| siMhAsana-dvAtriMzikA : le. kSemazaMkara muni| zukasaptati : le. cintAmaNi bhaTTa (I. 12 vIM zatI ke pUrva) zukadvAsaptatikA (yA rasamaMjarI) le. ratnasundarasUri / I. 17 vIM shtii| kathAratnAkara : le. haimvijymnni| 256 kathAoM kA sNgrh| bRhatkathAkoza : le. hrissennaacaary| 157 kathAoM kA sNgrh| I. 10 vIM shtii| prabandhacintAmaNi : le. merutuNgaacaary| I. 14 vIM shtii| prabandhakoza (caturviMzati prabaMdha) : le. raajshekhr| I. 14 vIM shtii| vividhatIrthakalpa : le. jinprbhsuuri|| bhojaprabandha : le. bllaalsen| I. 16 vIM shtii| upasthitibhavaprapaMca kathA : le. siddhrssi| I. 10 vIM shtii| prabodhacintAmaNi : le. jyshekhrsuuri| I. 15 vIM shtii| madanaparAjaya : le. naagdev| I. 14 vIM shtii| kAlakAcAryakathA : isa nAma ke graMtha, mahendra, devendra, prabhAcandra, vinayacaMdra, zubhazIlagaNi, jinacaMdra Adi aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne likhe hai| uttamacaritra kathAnaka campakazreSThikathAnaka : le. jinkiirtisuuri| I. 15 vIM shtii| pAlagopAla kathAnaka : samyaktvakaumudI : le. ajJAta kathAkoza : le. ajJAta paMcazatIprabodhasaMbaMdha : le. shubhshiilgnni| I. 15 vIM shtii| 500 se adhika kathAoM kA saMgraha / aMtarakathAsaMgraha : yA vinodakathA sNgrh| le. raajshekhr| eka sau kathAoM kA saMgraha / kathAmahodadhi : le. somacaMdra / kathAratnAkara : le. hemvijy| i. 15 vIM shtii| isameM 258 kathAeM haiN| upadezamAlA prakaraNa : le. dharmadAsa gnni| isameM 542 gAthAoM meM dRSTAnta svarUpa 310 kathAnakoM kA saMgraha hai| dhamopadezamAlAvivaraNa : le. jayasiMha suuri| I. 10 vIM sdii| isameM 156 kathAeM samAviSTa haiN| kathAnakakoza (kathAkoza) : le. jinezvara suuri| I. 16 vIM shtii| zubhazIlagaNi ne prabhAvakathA, puNyadhananRpakathA, puNyasArakathA, zukarAjakathA, jAvaDakathA Adi aneka prabandha likhe haiN| paMcazatIprabodhasaMbaMdha : le. zubhazIla gnni| I. 16 vIM shtii| isa kathAkoza meM 4 adhikAroM meM aitihAsika dhArmika evaM laukika viSayoM se saMbaMdhita 625 kathAoM kA saMgraha huA hai| kathAsamAsa : le. jinabhadra muni| I. 13 vIM shtii| kathArNava : le. padmamaMdira gnni| I. 16 vIM shtii| zloka 75901 kathAratnAkara : (yA kathAratnasAgara) : le. naracandra sUri / I. 13 vIM shtii| puNyAzraya-kathAkoza : le. rAmacaMdra mumukssu| I. 12 vIM shtii| isameM kula milA kara 56 kathAeM haiM jo raviSeNakRta padyapurANa, jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa, hariSeNakRta bRhatkathAkoza aura guNabhadrakRta mahApurANa se lI gaI haiN| dharmAbhyudaya (yA saMghapaticaritra) le. udayaprabhasUri / sarga 15 / zloka 52001 dharmakalpadruma : le. udydhrm| I. 15 vIM zatI ke bAda / zloka 4814 / 9 pallavoM meM vibhakta / dAnaprakAza : le. knkkushlgnni| I. 17 vIM shtii| 8 prakAzoM meM vividha prakAra ke dAnoM kI kathAeM saMgRhita haiN| prastuta lekhaka ne zukla paMcamI kathA, surapriyamunikathA, rohiNyazokacandranRpakathA akSayatRtIyA kathA, mRgasundarI kathA ityAdi kathAprabandha likhe haiN| upadezaprAsAda : le. vijylkssmii| guru vijayasaubhAgya suuri| I. 19 vIM shtii| sUrata meM svargavAsa huaa| isa prabaMdha meM kula milAkara 348 kathAeM dI gaI haiN| 244 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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jaina paurANika sAhitya meM tathA vividha kathAkozoM meM jo aneka prakAra ke kathAnaka Aye haiM, unameM se anekoM para AdhArita svataMtra kathAprabandhoM kI racanAeM huI haiN| aisI racanAoM meM samarAdityakathA, yazodharakathA, zrIpAlakathA, ratnacUDakathA, ityAdi puruSacaritra pradhAna kathAprabaMdha evaM taraMgavatIkathA, kuvalayamAlA kathAprabaMdha ityAdi strIpradhAna tathA zatrujayamAhAtmya, sudarzanacarita, jJAnapaMcamI kathA, bhaktAmara kathA ityAdi tIrthakSetra, pavitratithi, stotra Adi viSayaka kathAeM suprasiddha haiN| pArzvanAtha vidyAlaya zodha saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga 6) ke prakaraNa 3 meM (pR. 231-390 meM jaina kathAsAhitya kA yathocita pradIrgha paricaya diyA hai|) saMskRta gadya sAhitya meM subandhu kI vAsavadattA, bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI dhanapAla kI tilakamaMjarI aura vAdIbhasiMha kA gadyacintAmaNi, apane kalpaguNoM ke kAraNa utkRSTa gadyakAvya mAne gaye haiN| vastutaH kathA kI rocakatA kI dRSTi se unakA antarbhAva prabandhakathAoM meM hI karanA ucita lagatA hai| 4 campUvAGmaya kathAprabandhoM meM uparinirdiSTa padya evaM gadyapradhAna granthoM ke sAtha gadyapadya mizrita zailI meM likhe gae kAvyAtmaka prabandhoM kI praNAlI saMskRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM 10 vIM zatAbdI meM trivikrama bhaTTa kRta nalacampU se prAraMbha huii| isa prakAra ke padyamizrita gadyasAhitya kI nirmiti kanaDa bhASA meM 8-9 vIM zatAbdI meM prAraMbha ho gaI thii| pampa, potra, rana Adi kannaDa sAhityika campUkAvya ke prAraMbhika racayitA mAne jAte haiM; paraMtu ina kannaDa lekhakoM ke pUrva (I. 7 vIM zatI meM) hue daNDIne apane kAvyAdarza meM, "gadya-padyamayI kAcit campUrityabhidhIyate" (kA.da-1/31) isa prakAra vyAkhyA kI hai jise Age cala kara hemacandra aura vizvanAtha ne pramANa mAnI hai| hemacaMdra ne campU kA "sAMka" aura "socchvAsa" honA Avazyaka mAnA hai| kyoM ki kucha campU granthoM kA vibhAjana aMkoM meM aura kucha kA vibhAjana ucchvAsoM meM kiyA gayA thaa| sAtha hI usameM ukti-pratyukti, zUnyatA tathA viSkambhaka honA bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| campU kA gadya aura padya alaMkAraniSTha hotA hai| gadya meM samAsabAhulya aura padya meM chandoM kA vaividhya prazasta mAnA gayA hai| campUkAvyoM ke pUrva hI saMskRta meM gadya-padya mizrita lekhana paddhati kA prAraMbha vaidika vAGmaya se hI hotA hai| kRSNa yajurveda kI tInoM hI zAkhAoM meM gadya-padya racanA hai| atharva veda kA chaThA aMza gadyamaya hai| purANoM meM bhI yaha pravRtti dikhAI detI hai| viSNupurANa kA caturtha aMza tathA zrImadbhAgavatapurANa kA paMcama skandha gadyamaya hai, jisameM pradIrgha samAsoM kA prAcurya hai| tathApi gadyapadyamaya campUkAvya kA pravartakatva trivikramabhaTTa ko hI diyA jAtA hai| inake nalacampU ko "naladamayantIkathA" bhI kahate haiN| DaoN. chabinAtha tripAThI ne apane "campUkAvya kA AlocanAtmaka evaM aitihAsika adhyayana-" nAmaka zodha prabandha meM isa kAvya prakAra kA mArmika samIkSaNa kiyA hai| tadanusAra campUkAvya kA vikAsa dasavIM zatAbdI se satata hotA rhaa| inameM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bhAgavata, zivapurANa, jaina purANavAGmaya jaise prAcIna upajIvya graMthoM para AdhArita hI campUgrantha aneka haiN| inake atirikta caritrayAtrA, kSetradevatA aura unake mahotsava, tathA kAlpanika kathAoM para Azrita campUgrantha milate haiN| kucha ullekhanIya campU :nalacampU :- le-trivikrama bhaTTa (I-10 vIM shtii)| madAlasAcampU :- le-trivikrama bhaTTa (I-10 vIM shtii)| mArkaMDeya purANa kI kathA para AdhArita / yazastilakacampU :- le- somdevsuuri| I-10 vIM shtii| guNabhadra kRta uttarapurANa kI kathA para AdhArita / jIvandharacampU :- le- hrishcndr| I-10 vIM shtii| uttara purANa kI kathA para AdhArita / rAmAyaNacampU :- le-bhojarAja-I-11 vIM shtii| isa campU kA kiSkindhAkANDa ke Age kA yuddhakANDa taka bhAga lakSmaNasUri, rAjacUDAmaNi dIkSita (I-17 vIM zatI) ghanazyAma kavi, Adi lekhakoM ne pUrNa kiyaa| bhAratacampU :- le-anntbhtttt| I-15 vIM shtii| bhAgavatacampU :- le- abhinava kaalidaas| I-11 vIM shtii| vissy-kRssnnkthaa| AnandavRndAvanacampU :- le- kvikrnnpuur| I-16 vIM shtii| gopAlacampU :- le- jIva gosvaamii| I-17 vIM shtii| AnandakandacampU :- le- mitramizra / I-17 vIM shtii| vIramitrodaya nAmaka dharmazAstra viSayaka prasiddha prabandha ke lekhk| parijAtaharaNacampU :- le-zrIkRSNazeSa / prasiddha vaiyaakrnn| I-16 vIM shtii| nRsiMhacampU :- le- suurykvi| I-16 vIM shtii| lIlAvatI (gaNitagraMtha) ke eka TIkAkAra / nIlakaNThavijayacampU :- le-nIlakaNTha diikssit| I-17 vIM shtii| varadAmbikApariNayacampU :- lekhikA- tirumlaambaa| vijayanagara ke adhipati acyutarAya kI pttraanii| I-16 vIM shtii| viSayaacyutarAya aura varadAmbikA kA vivAha / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 245 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AnandaraMgavijaya-campU :- le- zrInivAsa kvi| I-18 vIM zatI viSaya- pAMDicerI ke vyApArI AnaMdaraMga pillai kA caritra tathA tatkAlIna aitihAsika ghttnaa| AcAryadigvijaya campU :- le- vlliishaay| I-16 vIM shtii| viSayaH- zrIzaMkarAcArya kA digvijaya / jagadaguruvijaya campU :- le- shriiknntthshaastrii| zaMkaracampU le- lkssmiipti| zaMkarAcAryacampUkAvya :- le- bAlagodAvarI / rAmAnujacampU- le- raamaanujaary| I-16 vIM shtii| yatirAjavijayacampU- le- ahobalasUri / I-16 vIM shtii| viSayaH rAmAnujAcArya kA caritra / virUpAkSamahotsavacampU :- le- ahoblsuuri| I-16 vIM shtii| vIrabhadradevacampU :- le- pdmnaabh| I-16 vIM shtii| viSayaHla rIvAnareza vIrabhadra kA caritra / vizvaguNAdarzacampU :- le- veNkttaadhaarii| I-17 vIM shtii| viSayaH- doSadarzI kRzAnu aura guNagrAhI vizvAvasu ina do gaganacArI gaMdharvo ke saMvAda meM 17 vIM zatAbdI ke logoM kA tathA tIrthasthaloM kA guNadoSa vrnnn| veMkaTAdhvarI ne hastigiricampU (athavA varadAbhyudayacampU) uttararAmacarita campU aura zrInivAsavilAsa campU nAmakaanya campUgraMtha likhe haiN| yAtrAprabandhacampU :- le- samarapuMgava diikssit| I-16-17 vIM shtii| AnandakandacampU :- le- samarapuMgava diikssit| isameM kucha zaiva saMtoM ke caritra varNana kiye haiN| mandAramarandacampU :- le- kRssnnkvi| I-16 vIM shtii| viSayaH- chandoM ke lakSaNa aura udaahrnn| vidvanmodataraMgiNI campU :- le- ciraMjIva bhttttaacaary| I-16 vIM shtii| viSaya- dArzanika matoM kI AlocanA / mAdhavacampU- le. ciraMjIva bhaTTAcArya / viSaya- zrIkRSNa kA kAlpanika vivAha / citracampU :- le- bANezvara vidyAlaMkAra / I-18 vIM shtii| vivAdArNavasetu nAmaka suprasiddha dharmazAstrIya graMtha ke baMgAlI lekhk| viSaya vaiSNava tattvoM kA prakAzana / tattvaguNAdarzacampU :- le- annnnaiyaacaary| viSaya jaya-vijaya ke savAMda dvArA zaiva aura vaiSNava matoM ke guNadoSoM kA vivecana / gaMgAguNAdarza campU :- le- dattAtreya vAsudeva niguDakara / I-19-20 vIM zatI / viSaya- hAhA-hUhU saMvAda dvArA gaMgAnadI kA guNa-doSa vrnnn| vaikuNThavijayacampU :- le- raaghvaacaary| viSaya tIrthasthaloM evaM maMdiroM kA varNana / kAzikAtilakacampU :- le- rAmabhaTTa-putra niilknntth| viSaya- zaivakSetroM kA vrnnn| vibudhAnandaprabandhacampU :- le- veNkttkvi| viSaya- prvaasvrnnn| zrutakIrtivilAsa campU :- le- suurynaaraaynn| viSaya-pravAsavarNana / keralAbharaNacampU :- le- kezavaputra rAmacaMdra / I-20 vIM shtii| viSaya- pravAsa vrnnn| 17 vIM zatAbdI meM kerala meM nArAyaNa bhaTTapAda athavA bhaTTAtri nAmaka prakAMDa lekhaka hue| inhoMne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura anya purANa graMthoM kI vividha kathAoM para AdhArita 20 campU likhe, jinake nAma haiM :- pAMcAlIsvaMyavaracampU, rAjasUya, draupadIpariNaya, subhadrAharaNa, dUtavAkya, kirAta, bhAratayuddha, svargArohaNa, matsyAvatAra, mRgamokSa, gajendramokSa, syamantaka, kucelavRtta, ahalyAmokSa, niranunAsika, dakSa, tyAga, pArvatIsvayaMvara, aSTamI, goTInagara, kailAsavarNana, zUrpaNakhApralApa, nalAyanIcaritra aura raamkthaa| (rAmakathAviSayaka aneka campU kAvyoM meM ullekhanIya arvAcIna grNth)| campUrAghava :- le- AsurI anntaacaary| (1) campUrAmAyaNa- lekhikA suNdrvllii| rAmAyaNacampU -le satIza rAmazAstrI (2) raamaanuj| rAmacampU- le-baMdalA mUDI raamsvaamii| ema. kRSNammAcAriyara ne apane hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara meM rAmAyaNa viSayaka kucha aprakAzita rAmAyaNa campU graMnthoM kA nAmAvalI dI hai| (pariccheda- 541) ve haiM :amogharAghava-campU :- le- vizvezvaraputra divAkara / kuzalava-campU :- le- veMkaTayyA sudhii| rAmakathAsudhodaya- le- devarAja deshik| rAmabhiSeka- devarAja dezika / sItAvijaya :- le- ghnnttaavtaar| rAmacandra campU le- vizvanAtha (2) raamcNdr| uttarakANDa- raaghv| uttaracampU -le- brahmapaNDita, (2) rAghavabhaTTa (3) bhagavanta / abhinava rAmAyaNa-le- rAmAnuja / kAkutsthavijaya-le- vallIsahAya / sItAcampU- guNDusvAmI shaastrii| mArUtivijaya :- le- rghunaath| aaNjneyvijy| le- nRsiMha / uttaracampUrAmAyaNa :- le- veMkaTakRSNa ityAdi / ___ 17 vIM zatAbdI ke bAda likhe gaye zrIkRSNa caritra viSayaka campU :rAdhAmAdhAvavilAsacampU :- le- jayarAma pipThye / 246/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAgavatacampU :- le- somazekhara (yA raajshekhr)| AnandavRndAvanacampU :- le- prmaannddaas| baalkRssnncmpuu| le- jIvanajI shrmaa| mandAramandacampU- shriikRssnn| rukmiNIpariNaya-leammala aura veMkaTAcArya / rukmiNIvallabhapariNaya.-le- narasiMha tAta / inake atirikta 25 se adhika kRSNacaritra viSayaka campU amudrita haiN| vaiSNava AkhyAnoM para AdhArita campUkAvya : nRsiMha le- kezavabhaTTa, (2) daivajJa durga aura (3) sNkrssnn| varAhacampU- leshriinivaas| gajendracampU le- paMtaviThThala ityAdi ullekhanIya haiN| kucha campUgraMtha aitihAsaka dRSTi se bhI mahattva rakhate haiM, jinameM jayarAma piNDaye kRta rAdhAmAdhavavilAsacampU (isake uttarArdha meM chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ke pitA zahAjI kI rAjasabhA ke vaibhava kA varNana kiyA hai|) zaMkara dIkSita kRta zaMkaracetovilAsacampU (isameM kAzInareza cetasiMha kA caritra vArNita hai) rAjarAjavarmakRta :- vizAkhatulA-prabandhacampU, gaNapatizAstrI kRta vizAkhasetuyAtrA varNana cmpuu| rAmasvAmIzAstrI kRta vizAkhakIrtivilAsacampU ina tIna graMthoM meM trivAMkuranareza vizAkha mahArAja kA caritra varNita hai| bhUminAtha malladIkSita kRta dharmavijayacampU meM taMjauranareza zahAjI (vyaMkojI bhosale ke putra) kA caritra aura veMkaTeza kavikRta bhosalavaMzAvalI campU meM taMjaura ke bhosalA rAjavaMza kA caritra darzana kiyA hai| maisUra nareza ke caritra viSayaka ullekhanIya campU :- mahIzUrAbhivRddhiprabandhacampU le- veMkaTarAma shaastrii| mahIzUradezAbhyudayacampU le- sItArAma shaastrii| kRSNa-rAjendra, yazovilAsa- le- esa narasiMhAcArya / kRSNarAjakalodaya le- yadugiri anntaacaary| zrIkRSNanRpodayacampU le-kukke subrahmaNya shrmaa| tIrthakSetra mAhAtmya viSayaka campU : bhadrAcalacampU :- le- raaghv| viSaya- veMkaTagirI tathA bhagavAn shriinviaas| dharmarAjakRta veMkaTazacampU tathA zrInivAsakavikRta zrInivAsacampU bhI isa viSaya para likhe haiN| mArgasahAyacampU :- le- nvniitkvi| viSaya- viraMcipura kA maargshaaymNdir| vyAghAlayezASTamI-mahotsavacampU viSaya- trivAMkura kA mNdir| sampatakumAravijayacampU le- rNgnaath| viSaya- melakoTe (karNATaka) ke devtaamhotsv| padmanAbhacaritacampU le- kRSNa / viSaya-tiruanaMtarapuram ke bhagavAn padmanAbha kI kathA / hastigiricampU le- veMkaTAdhvarI / viSaya- kAMcIvaram ke devarAja kA maahaatmy| campUkAvyoM kI isa nAmAvalI se yaha spaSTa dikhAI detA hai ki bhArata ke anya pradezoM ke lekhakoM kI apekSA dakSiNa bhArata ke vidvAnoM ne campUkAvyoM kI racanA meM adhika yogadAna diyA hai / jJAta campU kAvyoM kI saMpUrNa saMkhyA ar3hAI sau ke AsapAsa mAnI jAtI hai| 5 "gItikAvya" gItagovindakAra jayadeva kavi ko gItikAvyoM ke yugapravartakatva kA samAna saMskRta sAhitya ke sabhI samAlocaka dete hai| unake gItikAvyoM kI sarasamadhuratA ke kAraNa subhASitakAra harihara, jayadeva kI racanA kA to kAlidAsa se bhI adhika sarasa mAnate haiM : __ "AkarNya jayadevasya govindaanndiniirgirH| bAliSA kAlidAsAya spRhayantu dhayaM tu n|| (subhASitAvalI-17) (jayadeva kI vANI kRSNapremapUrNa hai| use sunane para, kAlidAsa ke kAvya para bAliza loga hI AsthA rkheNge| hama to nahIM rkhte)| isa kAvya meM mAtrika vRttoM ke sAtha saMgIta ke mAtrika padoM kA manohara samanvaya kiyA hai| isa prakAra kI "madhura-komala-kAnta padAvalI" se otaprota rAga-tAlanukUla padaracanA, jayadeva ke pahale kisI ne kI hogI, paraMtu jayadeva kI racanA itanI utkRSTa huI ki ve isa prakAra kI kAvyaracanA ke yugapravartaka ho gye| 12 sargoM ke isa prabandhAtmaka kAvya meM zrImadbhAgavata kI rAsalIlA ke anusAra rAsalIlA tathA rAdhAkRSNa kI vipralaMbha-saMbhogAtmaka zRMgAra lIlA kA varNana huA hai| isa ke pAzcAtya samIkSakoM meM viliyama jonsa ne ise paisTorala DrAmA (pazucAraNa nATya) kahA hai| pizela melo DrAmA (atyuktipUrNa kRtrima nATya) kahate haiM, to silvA~ levI gIta aura nATyakI samanvita racanA mAnate haiM / isa prakAra isa gItikAvya kA svarUpa vivAdya sA huA hai| tamiLa sAhitya meM periyapurANam nAmaka eka prAcIna "geyacaritram" prasiddha hai| vaha 63 nAyanpAroM (zaivasaMtoM) kI caritragAthA para AdhArita hai| isa geyacaritram kA svarUpa saMgIta nATaka sA hotA hai, paraMtu usameM aMka, dRzya ityAdi vibhAga nahIM hote| kucha hera phera kara ke geyacaritram ko nATakavat kiyA jA sakatA hai| jayadeva ke gItagovindam kI yahI avasthA hai| raMgamaMca para gItagoviMda ke nATyavat abhinayapUrNa prayoga hote haiN| dakSiNa bhArata meM "geyanATakam" ke saMgItamaya prayoga bhI lokapriya hai| isa meM nATaka ke abhinaya se saMgIta ko hI adhika pradhAnatA hotI hai| suprasiddha Adhunika "vAggeyakAra" tyAgarAja ke geya nATaka dakSiNa bhAratIya samAja meM atyaMta lokapriya hai| tamiLanADu meM "bhAgavatamelAnATakam" nAmaka eka nRtyaprakAra pracalita hai, paraMtu usakA prAraMbha I. 17 vIM zatI se mAnA jAtA hai| jayadeva kA gItagoviMda 12 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai| saMbhava hai ki gItagoviMda ke sArvatrika pracAra evaM prabhAva ke kAraNa dakSiNa meM bhagavadbhAkti paraka bhAgavatamelAnATakam kA udaya huaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 247 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gItagoviMda kA preraNA sthAna kRSNalIlA hai, jisakA utkaTa aura udAtta rasamaya svarUpa zrImadbhAgavata ke dazamaskandha meM dikhAI detA hai| isa skandha meM veNugIta, gopIgIta, yugalagIta, mahiSIgIta, bhramaragIta, jaise apratima gItakAvya haiN| inakA rasamAdhurya alaukika hai| jayadeva jaise kRSNabhakta ko zrImadbhAgavata ke ina gItakAvyoM se tathA "rAsapaMcAdhyAyI" jaise vipralaMbha zRMgAra rasamaya kAvya se preraNA milane ke kAraNa unakI kRSNabhakti gItagoviMda ke svarUpa meM mukharita huii| isa dRSTi se zrImadbhAgavata ke vividha 'gIta' hI gItikAvya ke mUlasrota mAnanA ucita hogaa| paraMtu gItagoviMda kI "rAga-tAla yojanA" tathA usakI apUrva madhurimA kA anukaraNa karane vAle kaviyoM kI pradIrgha paraMparA saMskRta sAhityikoM meM huI, isa kAraNa gItikAvya ke pravartakatva kA bahumAna unhIMko diyA jAtA hai| kucha ullekhanIya gItikAvya :gItarAghavam :- le. prabhAkara, (2) harizaMkara, (3) rAmakavi, gItagaMgAdharam :- le. kalyANakavi, (2) naMjarAjazekhara, (3) caMdrazekhara srsvtii| gItazaMkarama-le-mRtyuMjaya anaMta nArAyaNa / gItadigambaram :- le- rAmacaMdrasuta vNshmnni| gItagaurIpati :- le-bhaanudaas| sNgiitmaadhvm-le-goviNddaas| saMgItaraghunandanam :- le-priyadAsa, (2) vizvanAtha / saMgItarAghavam :- le-cinnA bommbhuupaal| saMgItasuMdaram :- le-sadAziva dIkSita / gItavItarAgaprabandha :- le. abhinavacArukIrti / gItazatakam :- le- sundraacaary| zivagItamAlikA :- le-cnnddshikhaamnni| gAnAmRtataraMgiNI :- le-TI.narasiMha ayyNgaar| (yA klkisiNh)| zaMkarasaMgItam :- le-jayanArAyaNa / zivagItamAlikA :- le-candrazekhara sarasvatI (Apa kAMcI kAmakoTI zAMkara pITha ke 63 veM AcArya the)| zahAjivilAsagItam :- le-ddhunnddiraaj| kRSNalIlAtaraMgiNI :- le-nArAyaNatIrtha (2) bellaMkoNDa raamraay| kRSNabhAvanAmRtam :- le-vizvanAtha / kRSNAmRta trNgikaa-le-veNkttesh| tIrthabhAratam :- le-zrIdhara bhAskara vrnnekr| zrIrAmasaMgItikA :- le-shrii.bhaa.vrnnekr| zrIkRSNasaMgItikA- le.zrI.bhA.varNekara, (prastuta koza ke saMpAdaka) gItikAvyoM ke Adhunika lekhakoM meM padukoTTA ke prAdhyApaka subrahmaNyasUri ne rAmAvatAram, vizvAmitrayAgam, sItAkalyANam, rukmiNIkalyANam vibhUtimAhAtmyam, hallIza-maMjarI, dolAgItAni ityAdi gItikAvya likhe haiN| mahArASTra ke rAma jozI ne saMskRta-marAThI saMvAdAtmaka dvaibhASika gItakAvya likhe haiN| jayapura ke bhaTTazrI mathurAnAthazAstrI (maMjunAtha) ne apane sAhityavaibhavam, meM relazakaTi (relagADI), vAyuyAna, abdhiyAna (jahAja) TrAmave jaise laukika viSayoM para vividha prakAra ke gItikAvya likhe haiN| kocIna ke vAravUra kRSNa menana ne gAthAkAdambarI nAmaka kAdambarI kA geya rUpAMtara racA hai| veMkaTaramaNArya ne apane kamalAvijayam nATaka meM zrI, strI, sudhI, kanyA, paMkti, zazivadanA, vidyullekhA, kumAralalitA ityAdi abhinava geyakAvyoM ke lakSaNoM kI carcA kI hai| gujarAta meM garabA nRtya kI prathA lokapriya hai| usa nRtya ke yogya saMskRtagItoM kA saMgraha cAMdoda ke saMskRtabhASA pracAra maMDala ne prasiddha kiyA hai| Adhunika saMskRta kaviyoM meM gIti kAvya racanA kI pravRtti adhika mAtrA meM dikhAI detI hai| saMskRta kI mAsika patrikAoM meM Aja kala vRttabaddha kAvyoM kI apekSA gItikAvya adhika prakAzita hote haiN| 6 "dUtakAvya" mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI pratyeka kAvyakRti kI yaha apUrvatA hai ki vaha svasadRza kAvya tathA nATya praNAlI kI pravartaka huI hai| kAlidAsa kI pratyeka kAvyakRti tathA nATyakRti ko Adarza mAnate hue aneka kaviyoM ne apanI pratibhA zakti kA viniyoga kiyA aura tadanusAra mahAkAvyoM tathA nATakoM kI racanA kii| unameM kAlidAsa kA meghadUta yaha khaNDakAvya bhI eka yugapravartaka kalAkRti huI jisake prabhAva ke kAraNa saMskRta sAhitya kSetra meM dUtakAvyoM kI pRthak paraMparA pracalita huii| vastutaH dUtakAvyoM kI paraMparA kA mUla Rgveda ke dazama maNDalastha-108 veM sUkta meM milatA hai; jisameM saramA nAmaka deva-zunI ko paNiyoM pAsa dUtakarma ke liye bhejA gayA hai| rAmAyaNakAra Adikavi vAlmIki ne hanumAn kA dUtakarma atyaMta 248 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prabhAvapUrNa paddhati se citrita kiyA hai| mahAbhArata ke nalopAkhyAna meM varNita haMsa kA dUtakarma sarvatra suvidita hai| isa prakAra dUtadvArA priya vyakti kI ora kAvyAtmaka saMdeza bhejane kI kaviparaMparA kAlidAsa ko ajJAta nahIM thii| meghadUta kI racanA karate samaya rAmAyaNa ke hanumadbhUta kA citra kAlidAsa ke mana meM thA isa kA pramANa "ityAkhyAte pavanatanayaM maithilIvonmukhI sA" isa paMkti meM spaSTa milatA hai| paraMtu kAlidAsa kA megharUpI dUta "dhUmajyotisalitamarutAM sannipAtaH" yAne eka acetana padArtha thaa| isa prakAra ke acetana dUtoM ke mAdhyama se kAvyAtmaka sandeza (yA sandezakAvya) likhane kI pravRtti para bhAmaha ne apane kAvyAlaMkAra meM pratikUla abhiprAya vyakta kiyA hai : "ayuktimad yathA dUtA jlbhRnmaarutendvH| tathA bhramarahArItacakravAkazukAdayaH / / 2-42 / / avAco yuktivAcazca duurdeshvicaarinnH| kathaM dUtyaM prapadyeraniti yuktyA na yujyte||43 / / yadi cotkaNThayA yat tadunmatta iva bhaasste| tathA bhavatu bhUnedaM sumedhobhiH prayujyate / 144 / / arthAt megha, vAyu, caMdra, bhramara, Adi pakSI vANIhIna hone ke kAraNa saMdezavAhaka dUtakarma kaise kara sakeMge? una kA dUtakarma yuktisaMgata nahIM pratIta hotaa| atyaMta utkaNThA ke kAraNa unmatta hokara nAyaka unake dvArA saMdeza bhejate hoge to vaha ThIka nahIM hai| isa prakAra ke dUta acche buddhimAn logoM dvArA bheje gae. kAvyakSetra meM dikhAI dete haiN| isa prakAra kA sAhitya-zAstrakAra bhAmaha kA pratikUla abhiprAya hone para bhI saMskRta sAhityikoM ne usa kI ora vizeSa dhyAna nahIM diyaa| saMdezakAvyoM kI paraMparA avyAhata cAlU hI rhii| __ kucha samAlocakoM ne dUtakAvyoM kA antarbhAva prabandhAtmaka gItikAvyoM meM tathA mukta gItikAvya ke rasAtmaka prakAra meM kiyA hai| rasarahita gIti sAhitya ke arntagata stotra, zataka Adi kAvyaprakAroM kA antarbhAva ve karate haiN| uttama dUtakAvya nAyaka-nAyikA ke viyoga ko pRSThabhUmi para likhe gaye haiN| aisI virahAvasthAmeM dUrastha nAyikA kI smRti se vyAkula nAyaka megha, caMdramA, haMsa pakSI Adi ke dvArA apanI vyathA preyIsI ke prati kAvyarUpa meM bhejatA hai| sAtha hI vaha apane kalpita saMdezavAhaka ko priyA ke nivAsasthAna kA mArga kathana karate hue nadI, parvata, kAnana, nagara, grAma, tIrthakSetra Adi ramaNIya sthAnoM kA citraNa karatA hai, jisameM usakI virahavyathA yA vipralaMbha zRMgAra kI vyajjanA atyaMta hRdayAvarjaka huI hai| dUtakAvyoM kA viSaya itanA hI sImita hone ke kAraNa vaha laghuttara hotA hai| isI kAraNa sAhityazAstrI use "khaNDakAvya" kahate haiN| isa prakAra kI kAvya paraMparA meM meghadUta kI sAtha hI ghaTakharparakAvya (le-ghaTakharpara) ko bhI mahattva diyA jAtA hai| meghadUta aura ghaTakharparakAvya ke paurvAparya ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda hai| abhinavaguptAcArya ne ghaTakharpara kAvya para TIkA likhI hai| usImeM ve use kAlidAsa kI hI racanA mAnate haiN| meghadUta kA spaSTa prabhAva yA anukaraNa, rAmacaMdrakRta ghanavRtta, kRSNamUrtikRta yakSollAsa, rAmazAstrIkRta meghapratisandeza, paramezvara jhA kRta yakSasamAgama jaise kAvyoM meM dikhAI detA hai| jinasenAcArya kRta pArvAbhyudaya kAvya meM pratyeka padya meghadUta ke krama se eka caraNa yA do caraNoM kI samasyA ke rUpa meM le kara pUrA kiyA hai| vikramakavikRta nemidUta meM meghadUta ke antima caraNoM kI samasyApUrti kI gaI hai| merutuMga AcArya ke kAvya kA nAma jainameghadUta he paraMtu isameM meghadUta kI samasyApUrti nahIM hai| caritrasuMdaragaNikRta zIladUta meM kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kA anukaraNa aura usake cauthe caraNa kI samasyApUrti pratyeka zloka meM kI gayI hai| meghavijaya kRta meghadUtasamasyAlekha meM meghadvArA guru ke pAsa sandeza bhejA gayA hai| kAlidAsa ke meghadUta meM pradhAna rasa viyoga zRMgAra, uddIpanavibhAva ke rUpa meM AkAza mArga se dRggocara sRSTike sauMdarya kA rasAnukUla citraNa huA hai| paraMtu usakA anukaraNa karane vAle anya kAvyoM meM sandezavAhaka kI kalpanA ke atirikta rasa, bhAva meM tathA chanda meM bhI vaicitrya AyA hai| jaina saMpradAyI kaviyoM ke dUtakAvyoM meM zRMgArikatA ke sthAna para AdhyAtmika udAttatA kA bhAva pratIta hotA hai| vaiSNava kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM kavIndra bhaTTAcArya kRta udhdavadUta, rUpagosvAmI kRta uddhavasandeza, zrIkRSNasArvabhauma kRta pAdAGkadUta, laMbodaravaidyakRta gopIdUta, trilocana kRta dUta tulasI jaise kAvyoM meM kRSNabhakti kA manojJa udreka dikhAI detA hai| meghadUta ke sandezavAhaka dUta kalpanA kA prabhAva jarmana kavi zIlara para huA thaa| usane apane "mAriyA sTuarTa" nAmaka kAvya meM kArAgRha meM par3I huI nAyikA kA sandeza megha dvArA priyatama kI ora bhejA hai| vizvasAhitya meM bAibala aura paMcataMtra ke anuvAda saMsAra kI sabhI pramukha bhASAoM meM abhI taka hue haiN| meghadUta ke anuvAdoM kI bhI saMkhyA utanI hI baDI hai| isakA pahalA anuvAda 13 vIM zatI meM tibbatI bhASA meM huaa| sana 1847 meM maiksamUllara ne jarmana bhASA meM kiyA huA anuvAda utkRSTa mAnA jAtA hai| aMgrejI anuvAdoM meM amerikana paMDita rAyaDara kA anuvAda utkRSTa mAnA jAtA hai| 19 vIM zatAbdI meM bona Ara gIlDa misTara ne lAtina bhASA meM uttama anuvAda kiye| marAThI bhASA meM bhArata ke bhUtapUrva vidvAna arthamaMtrI DaoN. cintAmaNi dvArakAnAtha dezamukha kA samavRtta anuvAda sarvokRSTa mAnA jAtA hai| dUtakAvya kI vizeSa abhiruci baMgAlI sAhityikoM meM dikhAI detI hai| DaoN. jatIndrabimala caudharI ne sana 1953 meM ne ghaTasarpara kAvya para mahattva diyA jAtA hai| maghaTUkahate haiN| isa prakAra saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 249 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra "baMgIya dUtakAvyetihAsa:" nAmaka prabandha likhA jisame baMgAla ke pacIsa dUtakAvyoM kA savistara paricaya diyA hai| kucha ullekhanIya dUtakAvya : pavanadUta : le dhoyI kavi I-12 vIM zatI siddhadUta le avadhUta rAmayogI, I-13 vIM zatI manodUta :- le-viSNudAsa kavi, I-15 vIM zatI / manodUta :- le- rAmazarmA, I- 15 vIM zatI / uddhavadUtaH le-kavIndra bhaTTAcArya, I-16 vIM zatI / 17 vIM zatI ke dUtakAvya : uddhavasandeza le rUpa gosvAmI pikadUta pAdAMkadUtale zrIkRSNa sArvabhauma / - www.kobatirth.org gopIdUta :- le lambodara vaidya tulasIdUta le trilocana / | / haMsasandeza :- le-vedAnta dezika kavIndrAcArya bhramaradUta le rudravAcaspati kokilasandeza :- le veMkaTAcArya yakSollAsa :- kRSNamUrti / haMsadUta :- raghunAthadAsa pavanadUta :- le-siddhanAtha vidyAvAgIza / I / / vAtadUta :- kRSNAnanda ( yA kRSNanana ) nyAyapaMcAnana / aniladUta - rAmadayAla tarkaratna / pAdapadUta gopendranAtha gosvAmI kokilasandeza : veMkaTAcArya I / 18 vIM zatI ke kucha dUtakAvya : candradUta le kRSNacaMdra tarkAlaMkAra / :- le- trilocana / tulasIdUtaH le vaidyanAtha dvija / 20 vIM zatI ke dUtakAvya / zukasandeza : * tulasIdUta : kokila :- le- haridAsa / kAkadUta-le-rAmagopAla / pikadUta-le-aMbikAcaraNa devazarmA / :- le-raMganAtha vAtAcArya 19 vIM zatI ke dUtakAvya : meghadUta :- - trailokyamohana / bhaktidUta :- le-kAlIprasAda / udhdavadUta :- le-mAdhava / :- - rudra nyAyavAcaspati / pavanadUta le- vAdirAja / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 250 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa sandeza :- le- raMganAtha tAtAcArya / kIrasandeza -le-lakSmI kAntayyA (haidrAbAda nivAsI) / kIradUta :- le-rAmagopAla / bhRMgasaMdeza :lekhikaa-trivennii| bhramarasandeza leya. mahAliMgazAstrI madhukaratUtaH cakravartI rAjagopAla maisUra nivAsI) kokilasandeza :le-1) nRsiMha (2) varadAcArya, (3) veMkaTacArya, (4) uddaNDakavi inake kAvya meM vAsudeva kavikRta bhRMgasaMdeza kA pratisandeza hai| pikasandeza :- le-1) raMgAcArya, 2) kocA narasiMhAcArya kokiladUta le pramathanAtha tarkabhUSaNa kokila-sandeza1) aNNaMgarAcArya 2) guNavardhana, 3) nrsiNh| haMsasandeza :- le- 1) veMkaTeza 2) sarasvatI / garuDasandeza :- kocA narasiMhAcArya / cakorasandeza :- le-1) vAsudeva, 2) veMkaTa, 3) perusUri / mayUrasandeza :- 1) raMgAcArya, 2) zrInivAsAcArya surabhisandeza :--vijayarAghavAcArya subhagasandeza : le-1 ) lakSamaNasUri 2) nArAyaNa kavi pAnyadUtaH le bholAnAtha manodUta le 1 ) vrajanAtha, 2) viSNudAsa, 3) rAmakRSNa / kokasandeza - le-viSNutrAta / hAsyapradhAnadUtakAvya : mudgaratUta le rAmAvatAra zarmA ballavadUta baTukanAtha zarmA kAkadUta : le 1) sahasrabuddhe, 2) rAjagopAla ayyaMgAra alakAmilana : le-dvijendralAla zarmA purakAyastha inake atirikta mArutasaMdeza madhuroSThasaMdeza, rantAGgadadUta, cAtakasaMndeza, padmadUta ityAdi aneka dUtakAvya prakAzita hue haiN| suprasiddha Adhunika vidvAna vasiSTha gaNapati muni ne bhRMgadUta nAmaka kAvya likhA, paraMtu usameM kAlidAsIya dUtakAvya ke mAdhurya kI pratIti na Ane ke kAraNa unhoMne vaha nadI meM pheMka diyaa| / / / : le 7 stotrakAvya mammaTAcArya ne apane kAvyaprakAza meM prAraMbha meM kAvya ke chaha prayojana tathA phala batAeM haiN| unameM "zivetarakSati" yAne amaMgala kA nAza bhI eka prayojana batAyA hai isake udAharaNa meM sUryazatakakAra mayUra evaM gItagoviMdakAra jayadeva Adi kaviyoM kI kAvyaracanA kI kathAeM batAI jAtI haiN| sUryazataka kI racanA ke kAraNa mayUra kavi kA zvetakuSTha naSTa huaa| gItagoviMda ke gAyana se jayadeva kI mRta patnI kA ujjIvana huaa| gaMgAtaTa para gaMgAlaharI ke gAyana se paNDitarAja jagannAtha kA uddhAra huA / nArAyaNIya stotra ke gAyana se nArAyaNabhaTTa vAtaroga se mukta hue, isa prakAra kI stotra kAvya viSayaka aneka kathAeM sarvatra prasiddha haiN| stotrakAvya kA sthAyI bhAva hai upAsya daivata, guru tathA vaMdya mahApuruSa ke prati utkaTa bhakti yA paramaprIti / isa atisAttvika bhAva kA udreka, Rgveda ke indravaruNAdi devatAviSayaka sUktoM meM sarvaprathama milatA hai samagra Rgveda ko Adya stotrasaMgraha kahane For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM atyukti nahIM hogii| Rgveda ke pratyeka sUkta meM stutya devatA ke prati maMtradraSTA RSi ke hRdaya ke sAttvika bhAva vyakta hue haiN| upAsya devatA ke divya guNoM tathA karmoM kA varNana kiyA huA hai| "tvaM hi naH pitA vaso tvaM mAtA zatakrato babhUvitha adyA te sumnmiimhe| (R. 8-98-11) sakhA pitA pitRtamaH pitRNAM / kAmu lokamuzate vayo dhaa|| (kra. 4-98-17) isa prakAra ke kucha maMtroM meM upAsya devatA se mAtA, pitA, sakhA, baMdhu jaisA nAtA bhI jor3A gayA hai| sAtha hI pApakSAlana, puNyalAbha, vijaya, abhyudaya ke lie devatA se prArthanA athavA yAcanA bhI kI gayI haiN| isI prakAra ke maMtra yA sUkta yajurveda aura atharvaveda meM bhI sthAna sthAna para milate haiN| stotravAGmaya meM jisa bhaktibhAva kA nitAnta mahattva hai, usakI mahimA sarvaprathama zvetAzvatara upaniSada ke, "yasya deve parA bhaktiH yathA deve tathA gurau| tasyaite kathitA hyA prakAzante mahAtmanaH" (zvetA. 6-23) ("jisa ke hRdaya meM devatA ke prati tathA guru ke prati bhI parAbhakti hotI hai, usI mahAtmA ko upaniSad ke gUDha arthoM ki pratIti AtI hai|) isa maMtra meM prativAdana kiyA hai| isI bhaktiyoga kA pratipAdana zrImadbhagavadgItA tathA samagra purANa vAGmaya meM kiyA huA hai| zrImadbhAgavata jaise utkRSTa purANa meM aneka madhura stotroM kA bharapUra saMgraha milatA hai| anya sabhI purANoM meM sarvatra stotra kAvya bikhare hue haiN| zaMkara, rAmAnuja, vallabha, madhva, rAmAnaMda, caitanya Adi sabhI vaiSNava, zaiva, jaina, bauddha ityAdi anyAnya sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne apanI apanI dhAraNA ke anusAra ananya bhaktibhAva kA mahattva pratipAdana kiyA hai, aura unake sabhI zreSTha anuyAyI sAhityikoM ne apanI apanI kAvyazakti ke anusAra bhaktibhAvapUrNa stotrakAvyoM kI racanA, saMskRta prAkRta tathA arvAcIna prAdezika bhASAoM meM bharapUra mAtrA meM kI hai| saMsAra kI sabhI bhASAoM meM stotramaya kAvyoM kA jitanA adhika pramANa hai utanA anya prakAra ke kAvyoM kA nahIM hogaa| saMskRta stotrasAhitya atyaMta vizAla evaM sArvatrika hai| isameM upAsya devatA, pavitra nadiyAM, tIrthakSetra, saMta-mahAtmA ityAdi vibhUtiyoM ke prati bhakti evaM laukika viSayabahula tuccha jIvana ke prati virakti utkaTa svarUpa meM vyaMjita huI hai| sAtha hI alaMkAroM kA vaicitrya bhI bharapUra mAtrA meM dikhAI detA hai| tAMtrika vAGmaya meM antarbhUta stotroM evaM kavacoM para janatA kI nitAMta zraddhA hone ke kAraNa unake pArAyaNa hote haiN| rAmAyaNa kA AdityahRdaya, mahAbhArata kA viSNusahasranAma, mArkaNDeyapurANa kA durgAstotra jaise aneka paurANika AkhyAnoM ke aMgabhUta stotroM kA svataMtra pustakoM ke rUpa meM prakAzana huA hai| mahAkAvyoM meM bhI paurANika paddhati se race hue, paraMtu adhika alaMkAramaya stotroM kA pramANa bharapUra mAtrA meM milatA hai| inake atirikta 'sahasraka" tathA "zataka" paddhati ke stotramaya khaNDakAvyoM kA bhI pramANa saMskRta sAhitya meM bharapUra hai| kucha ullekhanIya sahasraka : lakSmIsahasram : le. veMkaTAdhvari / zivadayAsahasram : le. nRsiNh| zivapAdakamalareNusahasram : le. sundreshvr| lakSmIsahasram aura raMganAthasahasram lekhikA trivennii| (prativAdibhayaMkara veMkaTAcArya kI dhrmptnii| I. 10 vIM zatI) nArAyaNIyam : le. naaraaynnbhtttt| umAsahasram le. vasiSTha gaNapatimuni (I. 20 vIM zatI) kSamApanasahasra : le. trivAMkuranareza keralavarmA (I. 19-20 vIM shtii)| mahAbhArata ke aMtargata viSNusahasranAma stotra eka utkRSTa bhagavatstotra mAnA gayA hai, usake anusAra vividha devatAoM ke sahasranAma tAMtrika stotrakAroM ne likhe haiM; jaise ucchiSTagaNeza sahasranAma, kAdisahasranAmakalA, gakArAdigaNapatisahasranAma stotra, gaNezasahasranAma, gAyatrIsahasranAma, jinasahasranAma le. jinsen| jvAlAsahasranAma, tArAsahasranAma, tripurAsahasranAmastotra, dakSiNakAlikakArAdisahasranAma, dazriNAmUrtisahasranAma, durgA-dakArAsahasranAma, pracaNDacaNDikAsahasranAma, baTukabhairavasahasranAma, bAlabhairavasahasranAma, bhadrakAlIsahasranAma, bhavAnIsahasranAma, bhuvanezvarIsahasranAma, maMtrAdhArIbhavAnIsahasranAma, mahAgaNapatisahasranAma, yogezasahasranAma, rakArAdirAmasahasranAma, rAmasahasranAma, lalitAsahasranAma, vArAhI sahasranAma, zivasahasranAma, sUryasahasranAmastotra, le.bhAnucaMdra maNi / sahasranAmakamAlA-kalA (le. tIrthasvAmI / inhoMne 40 sahasranAmoM ke gUDhArthakanAmoM kI kalA nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| AMdhra ke arvAcIna satpuruSa bellakoNDa rAmarAya ne vivarNAdiviSNu-sahasranAmAvalI, hakArAdi-hayagrIva-nAmAvalI aura paramAtmasahasranAmAvalI kI racanA kI aura svayaM unakI vyAkhyAeM bhI likhiiN| naTarAjasahasram nAmaka atiprAcIna stotra kI TIkA AnaMdatAMDava dIkSita aura somazekhara dIkSita ne likhI hai| sahasranAmastotroM ke samAna aSTottarazatanAma stotroM kA pramANa bhI bharapUra hai| isa prakAra ke stotroM kA viniyoga taMtramArga ke sAdhakoM evaM sakAma upAsakoM dvArA yatra tatra yathAvasara hotA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 251 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sahasrazlokAtmaka stotroM ke samAna zatakasvarUpa stotroM kI racanA bhI aneka kaviyoM ne kI hai| adhyardhazataka : le. maatRcett| yaha eka prAcIna bauddhastotra hai| jinazatakAlaMkAra : le. smntbhdr| sUryazataka : mayUrakavi / devIzataka : le. aanNdvrdhnaacaary| gItizataka : le. suNdraary| aMbAzataka : le. sadAkSara, I. 17 vIM shtii| aMbujavallI zataka : le. varadAdezika, I. 17 vIM shtii| inhoMne varAhazataka bhI likhA hai| devyAyazataka le. rmnnaapti| rasavatIzataka : le. dharaNIdhara / rAmazataka : le. somezvara / Izvarazataka : le. avatAra / mInAkSIzataka : hanumatzataka, mAlinIzataka aura lakSmInRsiMhazataka ina cAroM stotroM ke lekhaka haiM parithiyura kRssnnkvi| sudarzanazataka : le. kUranArAyaNa / kAlikAzataka aura Atmanivedanazataka : donoM ke lekhaka haiM baTukanAtha zarmA / komalAmbAkucazataka le. suMdarAcArya, I. 20 vIM shtii| zAradAzataka, vijJaptizataka, mahAbhairavazataka, heTirAjazataka, yogibhogisaMvAdazataka : ina pAMca zatakoM ke lekhaka haiM zrInivAsazAstrI; taMjauranivAsI, I. 19 vIM shtii| nRsiMhazataka aura nakhazataka : donoM ke lekhaka haiM tiruveMkaTa tAtAdezika / padmanAbhazataka : le. trivAMkuranareza rAmavarmakulazekhara, I. 19 vIM shtii| guruvAyurezazataka, vyAghrAlayezazataka aura droNAdrizataka : tInoM ke lekhaka- trivAMkuranareza keralavarmA, I. 19-20 vIM shtii| gaNezazataka : le. aMbikAdatta vyaas| rAmavallabharAjazataka : le. bellaMkoNDa raamraay| kRSNazataka : le. vAktolanArAyaNa menana / sUryazataka aura mArutizataka : le. raamaavtaarshrmaa| zUlapANizataka : le. kastUrI shriinivaasshaastrii| rAdhApriyazataka : le. rAdhAkRSNa tivArI (solApura nivaasii)| kaTAkSazataka : le. gnnptishaastrii| vIrAMjaneyazataka : le. shriishaildiikssit| rakSAbandhanazataka : le. vimalakumAra jaina (klkttaanivaasii)| yugadevatAzataka : le. zrIdhara bhAskara vrnnekr| viSaya zrIrAmakRSNa paramahaMsa) bAlalIlAzataka (aparanAma vAtsalyarasAyanam) : le. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara / uparanirdiSTa zatakAtmaka stotra kAvyoM kI racanA Adhunika kAlakhaNDa meM huI hai| inake atirikta dazaka, aSTaka SaTpadI jaise laghustotroM kI saMkhyA agaNya hai jinameM kucha stotra sarvatra chape haiN| zaMkarAcAryakRta zivamAnasapUjAstotra ke anusAra anyAnya devatAoM ke bhI mAnasapUjAstotra likhe gaye haiN| kucha suprasiddha prAcIna stotra zivamahimnaHstotra : le. puSpadanta nAmaka gandharva / madrAsa kI kitanI hI hastilikhita pratiyoM meM kumArilabhaTTAcArya hI inake kartA likhe gaye haiN| subhagodayastuti : le. gauDapAdAcArya (zaMkarAcArya ke dAdAguru) / lalitAstavaratna aura tripurasundarI mahima stotra donoM ke racayitA durvAsa mAne jAte haiN| saundaryalaharI : le. zaMkarAcArya / zivastotrAvalI : le. utpldev| isameM zivaparaka 21 stotroM kA saMgraha hai| ardhanArIzvarastotra le. rAjataMragiNIkAra klhnnkvi| dInAkrandanastotra : le. loSTakakavi / stutikusumAMjali : jgddhrkRt| 38 zivastotroM kA sNgrh| isakI zlokasaMkhyA 1415 hai| (mAlatImAdhava aura veNIsaMhAra ke TIkAkAra jagaddhara inase bhinna hai)| AnaMdamaMdAkinI : le. madhusUdana srsvtii| kRSNakarNAmRta : le. lIlAzuka / rAmacAryastava : le. raambhdrdiikssit| taMjaura nareza zahAjI (prathama I. 17-19 vIM zatI) ke sbhaakvi| inhoMne rAmabhakti paraka rAmabANastava, vizvagarbhastava (yA jAnakIjAnistotra) varNamAlAstotra aura rAmASTaprAsa ina pAMca stotra kAvyoM meM prabhurAmacaMdra kI stuti kI hai| varadarAjastava : le. appayya dIkSita / gaMgAlaharI yA pIyUSalaharI : le. paMDitarAja jgnnaath| inakI karuNAlaharI, amRtalaharI (yamunAstuti), lakSmIlaharI, sudhAlaharI (sUryastuti) ye avAMtara 4 lahariyAM bhI stotrakAvyoM meM prasiddha haiN| jaina stotra jaina dharma ke prAcInatama stotra prAkRta bhASA meM milate haiN| bAda meM saMskRta bhASA meM dArzanika tathA AlaMkArika zailI meM aneka stotra likhe gye| dArzanika stotroM meM ullekhanIya stotra haiM: samantabhadrakRta svayaMbhUstotra, devAgamastotra, yuttayanuzAsana aura jinshtkaalNkaar| AcArya siddhasenakRta dvaatrishikaaeN| AcArya hemacaMdra kRta ayogavyavaccheda-dvAtriMzikA aura anyayogavyavaccheda dvaatriNshikaa| isI prakAra ke dArzanika stotra vedAntI AcAryoM ne bhI likhe haiN| vyAkhyAoM kI sahAyatA se ye stotra dArzanika prakaraNagranthoM ke samAna udbodhaka hote haiN| 252 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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AlaMkArika jaina stotra sarvajinapatistuti : le. zrIpAla (prjnyaackssu)| caturhArAvali citrastava : le. jytilksuuri| vItarAgastava : le. viveksaagr| isa zleSamaya stotra se tIsa artha nikalate haiN| staMbhapArzvastava : le. nyncndrsuuri| isameM 14 artha milate haiN| pAdapUrtipradhAnastotra : RSabha-bhaktAmara : le. smysundr| zAntibhaktAmara : le. lkssmiiviml| nemibhaktAmara (yA prANapriyakAvya) : le. rtnsiNhsuuri| vIrabhaktAmara : le. dhrmvrdhngnni| sarasvatIbhaktAmara : le. dhrmsiNhsuuri| evaM jinabhaktAmara, AtmabhaktAmara, zrIvallabhabhaktAmara tathA kAlUbhaktAmara ityAdi stotroM meM suprasiddha mAnatuMgAcArya kRta bhaktAmarastotra ke caturtha pAda kI pUrti karate hue, kaviyoM ne apane bhaktimaya bhAva vyakta kiye haiN| bhaktAmarastotra meM 44 yA 48 padyoM meM prathama tIrthaMkara kI stuti mAnatuMgAcArya ne kI hai| bhaktAmarastotra para kanana kuzalagaNikRta TIkA mahattvapUrNa hai| jainastotroM meM kumudacandrakRta kalyANamaMdirastotra bhI vizeSa lokapriya hai| isake 44 padyoM meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI stuti kI hai| samasyApUrti ke lie isa stotra kA AdhAra lete hue bhAvaprabhasUri ne jainadharmapara stotra likhaa| pArzvanAthastotra, vijayanandasUrIzvarastavana, vIrastuti Adi stotroM ke lekhaka ajJAta haiN| inake atirikta jaina stotroM meM devanandIpUjyapAda (chaThI zatI) kRta siddhabhakti Adi bAraha bhaktiyAM aura siddhapriyastotra pAtrakezarI (chaThI zatI) kRta jinendraguNastuti (yA paatrkeshriistotr)| bappabhaTTikRta (8 vIM zatI) sarasvatIstotra, zAntistotra caturvizati jinastuti aura vIrastava dhanaMjayakRta viSApahArastotra, vidyAnaMdakRta zrIpurapArzvanAtha stotra, zobhanamunikRta (11 vIM zatI) caturviMzatijinastuti, vAdirAjasUrikRta jJAnalocanastotra evaM ekIbhAvastotra, bhUpAlakavikRta jinacaturviMzatikA, AcArya hemacaMdra (12 vIM zatI) kRta vItarAgastotra, mahAdevastotra aura mahAvIrastotra, jinavallabhasUrikRta (12 vIM zatI) bhavAdivAraNa, ajitazAntistava Adi anekastotra prasiddha haiN| AzAdhara (I. 13 vIM zatI) kRta siddhaguNastotra, jinaprabhasUrikRta siddhAntAgamastava, ajitazAntistavana, mahAmAtya vastupAla (I. 13 vIM zatI) kRta ambikAstavana, padmanandibhaTTArakakRta rAvaNapArzvanAthastotra, zAntijinastotra, vItarAgastotra, zubhacandrabhaTTArakakRta zAradAstavana, munisuMdara (14 vIM zatI) kRta stotraratnakoza Adi aneka stotra milate haiN| ina vividha stotroM ke saMgraha ke rUpa meM aneka saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiM jaise jainastotrasaMdoha, jainastotrasamuccaya, jainastotrasaMgraha, stotraratnAkara, jinaratnakoza Adi / bauddha stotra bauddha sAhityikoM meM adhyardhazataka (150 zlokoM kA stotra) ke racayitA mAtRceTa stotrasAhitya ke agradUta mAne jAte haiN| inake atirikta zUnyavAdI nAgArjunakRta catuHstava, vajradattakRta lokezvarazataka, sarvajJamitra (8 vIM zatI) kRta AryAtArAsragdharAstotra, rAmacandrakavibhAratIkRta (13 vIM zatI) bhaktizataka, ityAdi bauddhastotra ullekhanIya haiN| bauddhasAhitya meM anya saMpradAyI sAhitya kI apekSA stotrakAvya atyalpa haiN| zaMkara rAmAnujAdi vedAntI AcAryone prasthAnatrayI para bhASya likha kara apanA prauDha pAMDitya vyakta kiyA; usI prakAra saguNa paramAtmA ke prati apanI bhaktibhAvanA vyakta karane vAle madhura stotra bhI likhe haiM aura ve unake maThoM meM gAye jAte haiN| stotra kaviyoM meM jagadguru zaMkarAcArya agragaNya mAne jAte haiN| unakI sAhityika nipuNatA tathA bhAvapravaNatA unake sabhI stotroM meM pratipada abhivyakta hotI hai| . AcAryoM kA stotrasAhitya zaMkarAcAryakRta : saundaryalaharI, devyaparAdhakSamApana, zivAparAdhakSamApana, AtmaSaTka, SaTpadI, dazazlokI, hastAmalaka, carpaTamaMjarI, (bhaja goviMdam), AnaMdalaharI (isa para 30 TIkAeM likhI gaI haiM, jinameM eka svayaM AcAryajI ne likhI hai), dakSiNAmUrtistotra, harimIDe, zivabhujaMgaprayAta, advaitapaMcaratna, dhnyaassttk| zaMkarAcAryajI ke nAma para 2 sau se adhika stotra milate haiN| uparanirdiSTa stotroM ke atirikta prAyaH sabhI stotra uttarakAlIna zAMkarapIThAdhipatiyoM dvArA viracita mAne jAte haiN| madhvAcAryakRtastotra : dvAdazastotra, nakhastuti aura kRssnnaamRtmhaarnnv| rAmAnujAcAryakRtastotra : viSNuvigrahAsanastotra / vallabhAcAryakRta : puruSottamasahasranAma, trividhanAmAvalI, yamunASTaka, madhurASTaka, parivRddhASTaka, naMdakumArASTaka, zrIkRSNASTaka, gopIjanavallabhASTaka, i.| caitanyamahAprabhukRta zlokASTaka, madhusUdanasarasvatIkRta AnaMdamaMdAkinI / upAsakoM meM budhakauzika viracita zrIrAmarakSAstotra, rAvaNakRta zivatANDavastotra, devIpuSpAMjali, zivamahimnastotra, SaTpadI, carpaTapaMjarikA, zivamAnasapUjA ityAdi stotra vizeSa priya haiN| stotra kAvya mukhyataH stutiparaka evaM prArthanAparaka hotA hai| devatAstuti ke samAna mahApuruSoM ke stutiparaka aneka stotra kAvya Adhunika kAla meM likhe gaye haiN| jaise : saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 250 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra - www.kobatirth.org kavIndracandrodaya-viSaya kavIndrAcArya kI aneka vidvAnoM dvArA kI huI stuti / kAlidAsapratibhA dakSiNa bhArata ke 28 kaviyoM dvArA viracita kAlidAsastutiparaka vividha kAvyoM kA sNgrh| ' tIrthabhAratam le. zrIdhara bhAskara vargekara zaMkara mahAvIra ityAdi prAcIna aura vivekAnaMda, stuti padya saMgIta pradhAna haiM aura kavi ne unake kAlidAsarahasyam le zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara - dezikendrastayAMjali kavitAsaMgraha le. kezava gopAla tAmhaNa viSaya zrI zaMkarAcArya, vAsudevAnaMda sarasvatI, lokamAnya tilaka Adi mahApuruSoM kI stuti / le mahAliMgazAstrI viSayakAMcI kAmakoTI pIThAdhIzvara caMdrazekhara sarasvatIjI kI stuti zrImanarasiMhasarasvatImAnasapUjA- le, gopAla mohanAbhinandam- le. gaNezarAmazarmA viSaya- mahAtmA gAMdhI kI stuti saMskRta mAsika patrikAoM meM isa prakAra ke stutikAvyoM kI bharamAra milatI hai| 1 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir viSaya saMpUrNa bhArata ke vividha suprasiddha tIrthakSetra tatrastha devatA evaM buddha, dayAnaMda ma. gAMdhI ityAdi aneka mahApuruSoM kA stavana tIrthabhAratam ke sabhI rAgoM kA nirdeza calanasvaroM ke sAtha pratyeka bhaktigIta ke sAtha meM kiyA hai| 8 subhASitasaMgraha subhASita, sUkta, sUkti, sadukti, suvacana ityAdi samAnArtha zabdoM dvArA eka viziSTa kAvyaprakAra kI ora saMketa kiyA jAtA hai| laukika vyavahAra meM nyAya, AbhANaka, muhAvare, praoNvharba ityAdi dvArA vicAroM kI vaicitryapUrNa abhivyakti hotI hai, usI prakAra sAhityakAroM kI racanAoM meM padya yA gadya vAkyoM meM jaba cittAkarSaka vicAra rakhe jAte haiM, taba use subhASita kahA jAtA hai 1 aise subhASitoM kA vyAkhyAnoM evaM lekhoM meM upayoga karane se unameM rocakatA baDhatI hai| ataH kaI vaktA yA lekhaka aise subhASitoM kA saMgraha svecchA se karate haiN| "kartavyo hi subhASitasya manujairAvazyakaH saMgrahaH " isa prasiddha subhASita meM bhI subhASitoM ko kaNThastha karane kA saMdeza diyA hai| isa liye ki subhASitoM ke yathocita prayoga se, vaktA yA lekhaka saba prakAra ke logoM ko vaza kara sakatA hai "ajJAn jJAnavato'pyanena hi vazIkartuM samartho bhavet ") sAhityazAstriyoM ne mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya, muktaka, campU, nATaka ityAdi sAhitya prakAroM ke tathA unake avAMtara upabhedoM ke lakSaNa batAe haiM, paraMtu "subhASita" kA lakSaNa kisI zAstrakAra ne nahIM kiyaa|" nUnaM subhASita-raso'nyarasAtizAyI" isa vacana meM "subhASitarasa" kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura yaha rasa anya rasoM se zreSTha bhI kahA hai| subhASitoM ke jo anyAnya prAcIna aura arvAcIna saMgraha prakAzita hue haiM, unameM devatAstuti, rAjastuti, anyokti, navarasa, nAyaka nAyikA kA sauMdarya varNana, RtuvarNana, mUrkhaniMdA, paMDitaprazaMsA, satkAvyastuti, kukAvyaniMdA, sAmAnya nIti, rAjanIti ityAdi vividha viSayoM para purANa, rAmAyaNa, bhArata, paMca mahAkAvya prasiddha smRtigraMtha, nATaka, muktakakAvya ityAdi grantho se cune hue zlokoM kA aura vaicitryapUrNa gadyavacanoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| ina padyoM yA gadyoM ko Aptavacana sA prAmANya tattvataH nahIM hai, paraMtu aneka vidvAna aise subhASitoM ko Apta vAkyavat uddhRta bhI karate haiN| pratibhAzAlI vaktA yA lekhaka ke dvArA aise "subhASita " viSaya pratipAdana ke Aveza meM yA varNana ke ogha meM, unameM sUcita utkaTa anubhava ke kAraNa, anAyAsa vyakta hote haiN| vyavahAra meM to kabhI kabhI choTe bacce ke bhI mukha se "subhASita " nikala Ate haiM aura ve prauDhoM ne grahaNa karane yogya hote haiN| isI lie kahA hai ki "vAlAdapi subhASitaM graahym| sAre hI vedavacanoM ko Aptavacana kA prAmANya hai, tathApi una meM bhI aneka aise vAkya haiM jinakA subhASitoM kI paddhati se upayoga hotA hai, jaise :- " nAyamAtmA balahInena labhyaH / ahamindro na parAjigye / svargakAmo yajeta / mAtRdevo bhava, pitRdevo bhava / yAni asmAkaM sucaritAni tAni tvayopAsyAni no itarANi" ityAdi / purANoM aura rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ke subhASitoM ke svataMtra saMgraha aba prakAzita ho cuke haiN| suprasiddha subhASita saMgrahoM meM bhartRhari (7 vIM zatI) ke nItizataka, vairAgyazataka aura zRMgArazataka meM kucha subhASita pUrvakAlIna graMthoM se saMkalita hue haiN| saMbhava hai ki kucha padya anya ajJAta kaviyoM ke kAvyoM se saMkalita aura kucha svayaM bhartRhariviracita hoNge| subhASita saMgrahAtmaka graMthoM kA eka vizeSa guNa hai ki unameM aneka ajJAta kaviyoM ke idhara udhara bikhare hue manohara sphuTa padya surakSita rahe, sAtha hI kucha kaviyoM ke nAma bhI / bhojarAja ke sabhAkaviyoM kA citraNa, nAma tathA padya, sUktigranthoM ke kAraNa hI upalabdha hotA hai| usI prakAra, "bhAsanATakacakre'picchekaiH kSipte parIkSitum / svapnavAsavadattasya dAhako'bhUnna pAvakaH / / " isa ajJAta-kartRka ekamAtra subhASita ke kAraNa upalabdha bhAsanATakoM kA jJAna huA anyathA ve sAre (13) nATaka ajJAtakartRka nATakoM kI nAmAvalI meM jamA ho jaate| 254 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAcIna subhASita saMgraha :subhASita - saM. vidyAdhara / I. 12 vIM shtii| baMgAla meM mAladA jile ke nivaasii| zloka- 1739 / saduktikarNAmRta - saM. shriidhrdaas| I. 13 vIM shtii| zloka- 23801 sUktimuktAvalI- saM. jlhnn| ye devagirI (mahArASTra) ke yAdavaMzIya rAjA kRSNa (I. 13 vIM zatI) ke hastivAhinI pati the| inhoMke nAma bhAnukavi ne yaha saMgraha banAyA hai| prasannasAhityaratnAkara- saM. nandana paMDita I. 15 vIM shtii| zArgadharapaddhati- saM. shaanggNdhr| I. 14 vIM shtii| zloka 46161 subhASitAvalI- saM. vllbhdev| kaashmiirnivaasii| I. 15 vIM shtii| zloka- 3528 / padyAvalI- saM. ruupgosvaamii| isameM kRSNa paraka 386 zlokoM kA saMgraha hai| sUktiratnahAra- saM. kliNgraay| I. 14 vIM shtii| sUktiratnAkara- saM. siddhcndrmnni| I. 13 vIM shtii| prastAvaratnAkara- saM. haridAsa |ii. 16 vIM shtii| subhASitahArAvalI. saM. hridaas| sUktisundara- saM. suMdaradeva I. 17 vIM shtii| padyataraMgiNI- saM. vrjnaath| padyaveNI- saM. veNIdatta I. 17 vIM shtii| padyaracanA- saM. lakSmaNabhadra aMkolakara, I. 17 vIM shtii| zloka- 7561 padyAmRtataraMgiNI- saM. haribhAskara, I. 17 vIM shtii| zloka 301 / zlokasaMgraha- saM. maNirAma diikssit| 17 vIM zatI zloka 16,061 zaMgArAlApa- sa. raamyaajnyik| I. 16 vIM shtii| isa meM zRMgAramaya 1 sahasra se adhika zlokoM kA saMgraha hai| sUktimAlikA-saM. nArojI paMDita / I. 16 vIM shtii| zloka-- eka sahasra se adhika, jinameM 238 zloka dazAvatAra varNana paraka haiN| vidyAdharasahasraka- saM. vidyAdhara mishr| mithilaanivaasii| padyamuktAvalI- saM. ghAzIrAma (2) goviNdbhtttt| subhASita sudhAnidhi- saM. saaynnaacaary| I. 14 vIM shtii| zloka 11181 / puruSArtha-sudhAnidhi- saM. saaynnaacaary| isameM mahAbhArata, purANoM upapurANoM ke subhASitoM kA saMkalana tathA AkhyAnoM kA saMkSepa ekatrita kiyA hai| adhyAyasaMdhyA- dharmaskandha- 45, arthaskandha 23, kAmaskandha-14, mokSaskandha- 191, padyAvalI- saM. mukuMdakavi, (2) vidyAbhUSaNa, (3) ruupgosvaamii| prasatAvacintAmaNi- saM. cNdrcuudd| prastAvataraMgiNI- saM. shriipaal| prastAvamuktAvalI- saM. keshvbhttttii| prastAvasArasaMgraha- saM. rAmazarmA / prastAvasAra- saM. sAhityasena / subhASitakaustubha- saM. veNkttaadhvrii| subhASitAvalI- saM. sakalakIrti / subhASitaratna koza- saM. kRssnnbhtttt| subhASitaratnAvalIsaM. umaamheshvrbhtttt| sArasaMgraha- saM. shmbhudaas| sArasaMgrahasudhArNava- saM. bhaTTagoviMdajit / subhASitanIti- saM. veNkttnaath| subhaassitpdaavlii| saM. zrI nivAsAcArya / subhASitamaMjarI- saM. cakravartI veMkaTAcArya / subhASitasarvasvasaM. gopInAtha / sUktivAridhi- saM. pedubhtttt| sUktimuktAvalI- saM. vizvanAtha / sUktAvalI- saM. lakSmaNa / subhASitasuradrama- . (1) kelADI basavappAnAyaka (2) khaMDerAya bsvytiindr| subhASitaratnAkara- saM. (1) munivedAcArya, (2) kRSNa (3) umApati, (4) ke.e. bhATavaDekara / subhASitaraMgasAra- saM. jgnaath| sabhyAlaMkaraNa- saM. goviMdajit / budhabhUSaNa- chAtrapati saMbhAjI (zivAjI mahArAja ke putra) sabhyabhUSaNamaMjarI- saM. gautama / padyataraMgiNI- saM. vrajanAtha / jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke subhASita saMgraha prAyaH dhArmika tathA naitika sadAcAra evaM lokavyavahAra viSayaka haiN| ina meM ullekhanIya graMtha haiM :- amitagatikRta subhASita rtnsndoh| arhaddAsakRta bhavyajana- knntthaabhrnn| somaprabhakRta sUktimuktAvalI kAvya / narendraprabhakRta vivekapAdapa tathA vivekakalikA / malliSeNakRta sjjncittvllbh| somaprabhakRta shRNgaar-vairaagytrNginnii| rAjazekharakRta uddeshytrNginnii| harisenakRta kpuuprkr| darzana vijayakRta anyoktishtk| haMsavijayagaNikRta anyoktimuktaavlii| dhanarAjakRta dhanadazatakatraya (viSayazaMgAra, nIti, vairAgya) tejasiMhakRta dRssttaantshtk| ye sAre subhASita' graMtha ekakartRka haiM, arthAt inameM anyAnya kaviyoM ke kAvyoM kA saMgraha nahIM hai| zrIzaMkarAcAryakRta vivekacUDAmaNi kA svarUpa adhyAtmaparaka subhASitasaMgraha ke samAna hI hai| jagannAthapaMDitarAjakRta bhAminIvilAsa meM unake zRMgAra, karuNa, mAnta rasamaya tathA anyoktiparaka subhASitoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| viThThalapaMta (viThobA aNNAdaptaradAra) kRta suzlokalAghava meM mahArASTra ke aneka aitihAsika saMtoM kI prazaMsA vaiziSyapUrNa zailI meM kI hai| zloka saMkhyA 500 se adhik| zrI. ga. jo. jozI kRta kAvyakusumaguccha, zrI. arjunavADakara kRta kaNTAkAMjali, mahAliMgazAstrIkRta vyAjoktiratnAvalI, aura drAviDAryAsubhASita saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 255 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sptpti| DaoN. cintAmaNarAva dezamukhakRta gAndhIsUktimuktAvalI (gAMdhIjI kI aMgrejI saduktiyoM kA padyAnuvAda), DaoN. kurtakoTI zaMkarAcAryakRta samatvagIta, aura zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara kRta mandormimAlA ityAdi ekakartRka subhASitoM ke vividha saMgraha prakAzita hue haiN| Adhunika kAla meM kAzInAtha pAMDuraMga paraba dvArA saMpAdita subhASitaratnabhANDAgAra yaha graMtha aMtima subhASitasaMgraha mAnA jAtA hai| isa meM 7 prakaraNoM meM dasa hajAra se adhika vividha viSayoM para prAcIna kaviyoM dvArA racita zlokoM kA saMgraha huA hai| pUrvakAlIna prAyaH sabhI subhASitasaMgrahoM kA isake saMpAdana meM sahAya liyA gayA hai| aba taka isakI 8 AvRttiyAM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| subhASita vAGmaya meM aba AvazyakatA hai, 17 vIM zatI ke bAda hue kaviyoM ke subhASitoM kA saMgraha karane kii| prAcIna subhASita saMgrahoM ne prAcIna ajJAta kaviyoM kI smRti, unake zlokoM ke rUpa meM jIvita rkhe| Adhunika kAlakhaMDa meM prAdezika bhASAoM kA vizeSa mahattva aura prAdezika sAhitya kA bolabAlA hone ke kAraNa Adhunika saMskRta sAhitya upekSita rahA hai| aisI avasthA meM arvAcIna saMskRta subhASitoM kA bRhatsaMgraha saMpAdita honA nitAnta Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| 1 kozavAGmaya subhASitasaMgrahoM ke samAna saMskRti vAGmaya ke kSetra meM zabdakoza, hastalikhita saMgrahakoza, saMskRta zabda aura unake anyabhASIya paryAya koza, anyAnyazAstroM ke paribhASika zabdakoza, mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI akArAdivarNAnukramaNikA ityAdi vividha prakAra kA koza vAGmaya prAcIna kAla se Adhunika kAla taka yathAvasara nirmANa hotA rhaa| cikitsAtmaka evaM zodhAtmaka kArya karane vAle vidvAnoM kA kArya, aise kozoM se sugama hotA hai| yaha nirvivAda hai ki saMskRta kozavAGmaya kA prAraMbha "nighaMTu"se huvaa| nighaNTu kI racanA vaidika maMtroM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie kI gii| nighaMTu meM vedokta kevala durbodha evaM ArSa zabdoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| yAskAcArya kA nirukta (jo vedAMga mAnA jAtA hai) prastuta nighaNTu kA hI bhASya hai| isI prakAra kavijanoM ko kAvyaracanA meM upayogI kozoM kI racanA murAri, mayUra, vAmana, zrIharSa, bilhaNa ityAdi sAhityikoM ne kii| zrIharSakRta zleSArthapadasaMgraha uttarakAlIna zleSapriya kaviyoM ko avazya sahAyaka huA hogaa| madhya eziyA meM kAzagara meM eka ATha pRSThoM kA koza prApta huA hai| isakA lekhaka koI bauddha paMDita mAnA jAtA hai jisakA kAla aura nAma vidita nahIM; paraMtu yahI ajJAtakartRka evaM ajJAtanAmA apUrNa graMtha Adhunika aitihAsikoM ke matAnusAra saMsAra kA prathama koza mAnA jAtA hai| anyAnya TIkA graMthoM meM kAtyAyana kRta nAmamAlA, vAcaspatikRta zabdArNava, vikramAdityakRta saMsArAvarta, vyADikRta utpalinI ityAdi prAcIna kozoM ke nAma milate haiM, paraMtu saMpUrNa bhArata meM atyaMta lokapriya koza hai amarasiMhakRta nAmaliMgAnuzAsana, jo "amarakoza" nAma se suprasiddha hai| anuSTup chaMda meM likhe hue prastuta koza ke tIna kANDoM meM dasa hajAra zabdoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| nAma ke sAtha hI usake liMga kA paricaya isa koza kI vizeSatA hai| I. chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva hI isa koza kA cInI bhASA meM anuvAda ho cukA thaa| Aja taka isa para pacAsa se adhika TIkAeM likhI gayIM, jina meM kSIrasvAmIkRta (I. 11 vIM zatI) amarakozodghATana aura bhAnujI bhaTTa (I. 17 vIM zatI) kRta "rAmAzramI" TIkA sarvamAnya haiN| amarakoza ke prabhAva se aneka padyAtmaka zabdakozoM kI nirmitI prAyaH 7 vIM zatAbdI se 17 vIM zatAbdI taka . hotI rhii| kucha pramukha koza :hArAvalI (yA trikANDakoza) - le. puruSottama dev| I. 7 vIM shtii| dhanaMjayanighaNTu (yA nAmamAlA) le. dhnNjy| 9 vIM shtii| anekArthanAmamAlA - le. dhanaMjaya / abhidhAnaratnamAlA - le. halAyudha / I. 10 vIM shtii| vaijayantI - le. yaadvprkaash| 11 vIM shtii| zabdakalpadruma - le. keshvsvaamii| 12 vIM shtii| vizvaprakAza - le. mheshvr| 12 vIM shtii| nAnArtharatnamAlA - le. abhypaal| 12 vIM shtii| abhidhAnacintAmaNi - le. hemcNdr| 12 vIM shtii| (hemacaMdra ne anekArthasaMgraha, dezInAmamAlA aura nighaNTuzeSa nAmaka anya tIna koza likhe haiN|) nAnArtharatnamAlA - le. irugapada dnnddaadhinaath| 14 vIM shtii| nAnArthazabdakoza - le. medinIkara - 14 vIM shtii| zabdacandrikA aura zabdaratnAkara - le. vaamnbhtttt| 15 vIM shtii| sundaraprakAza-zabdArNava - le. pdmsuNdr| 16 vIM shtii| kalpadruma - le. kezava devjny| 17 vIM shtii| nAmasaMgrahamAlA - le. appayya diikssit| 17 vIM shtii| ye aura isa prakAra ke anya prAcIna zabdArtha-kozoM meM paryAya zabda bhI saMskRta bhASIya hI hote haiN| una meM eka vastuvAcaka samAnArtha aneka zabdoM kA evaM eka eka zabda ke aneka arthoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| anyAnya kozakAroM ne zabdoM kI vyavasthA anyAnya paddhati se kI hai, jaise kisI koza meM liMgAnusAra, kisI meM zabda kI akSarasaMkhyA ke anusAra, kisI meM akSarakramAnusAra to kisI meM paryAyI zabdoM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra zabdavyavasthA kI gayI hai| ina kozoM ke atirikta ekAkSarakoza, dvirUpakoza, 256 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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trirUpakoza, ityAdi ajJAtakartRka koza likhe gaye haiN| mahAvyutpattikoza (le. ajJAta) meM bauddha dharma meM pracalita viziSTa saMjJAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa milatA hai| 16 vIM zatAbdI meM pArasI-prakAza nAmaka phArasI zabdoM ke saMskRta paryAyoM kA koza likhA gyaa| isa ke pahale karNapUra ne saMskRta- pArasika prakAza kI racanA kI thii| zAhajahAM ke samakAlIna vedAMgarAya ne jyotiSa viSayaka zabdoM kA koza phArasIprakAza nAma se likhaa| zivAjI mahArAja ne apane sabhApaNDita raghunAtha haNamaMte dvArA rAjavyavahArakoza kI racanA krvaayii| isa padyAtmaka koza meM tatkAlIna musalamAnI rAjyoM meM pracalita phArasI rAjakIya zabdoM ke saMskRta paryAya diye haiN| bhASAzuddhi ke kArya meM prathama prayAsa yahI rhaa| isa rAjyavyavahAra koza kA yahI vizeSa mahattva hai| saMskRta bhASA ke pracAra kA hAsa Adhunika kAla meM hone lagA, taba se saMskRta ke anya bhASIya paryAya dene vAle akArAdivarNAnusAra sUcIprAya kozoM kI racanA kA prAraMbha huaa| isa prakAra ke kucha ullekhanIya koza :DikzanarI oNpha beMgAlI aeNNDa saMskRta - le. grebja haaguun| 1833 meM laMdana meM mudrita / saMskRta - iMgliza DikzanarI - le. bena phe| 1866 meM laMdana meM mudrita / saMskRta aeNNDa iMgliza DikzanarI - le. raamjsn| 1870 meM laMdana meM mudrit| paeNkTikala saMskRta DikzanarI - le. AnaMda-rAma bruaa| kalakattA - I. 18771 saMskRta - iMgliza DikzanarI - le. keplr| TrAnsabarga - 1891 / saMskRta- iMgliza DikzanarI - le. moniyara vilyms| oNksaphorDa DikzanarI - 1899 / isa koza kI sudhArita AvRttiyAM 1956 meM dillI se aura 1957 meM lakhanaU se prakAzita huii| sarasvatIkoza - le. jIvarAma upaadhyaay| murAdAbAda - 1912 sTUDaNTas iMglizasaMskRta DikzanarI - le. vAmana zivarAma aaptte| muMbaI - 1915 / paeNkTikala saMskRta - iMgliza-DikzanarI - le. vAmana zivarAma aaptte| muMbaI - 1924 / isI mahattvapUrNa koza kI sudhArita AvRtti prakAzita karane kA kArya puNe kI prasAda prakAzana saMsthA ne kiyaa| sana 1957 meM prathama khaNDa aura 58 meM dvitIya khaMDa kA prakAzana huaa| saMskRta- hiMdIkoza - le. dvArakAprasAda cturvedii| lkhnuu-1917| saMskRta- hiMdIkoza - le. vizvaMbharanAtha shrmaa| murAdAbAda- 1924 / paeNkTikala saMskRta DikzanarI - le. maikddonel| laMdana- 1924 / padyacaMdrakoza - le. gaNezadatta shaastrii| lAhora- 1925 saMskRta - gujarAtI zabdAdarza - le. girijAzaMkara mehtaa| ahamadAbAda-1924 / sArtha- vedArthanighaNTu- le. zivarAmazAstrI ziMtre yaha vaidika-marAThI koza hai| Adarza hindI- saMskRta koza- le. rAmasvarUpa shaastrii| vArANasI-1936 / Adhunika- saMskRta- hiMdIkoza- le. Rssiishvrbhtttt| aagraa-1955| saMskRta zabdArtha- kaustubha- le. dvArakAprasAdazarmA aura tAriNIza jhaa| prayAga-1957 / vyavahArakoza- le. sadAziva nArAyaNa kulkrnnii| naagpuur-1951| isa koza kI vizeSatA yaha hai kI isameM laukika vyavahAra meM upayukta rAjakIya, yAMtrika, audyogika zabdoM ke saMskRta paryAya hiMdI, marAThI aura aMgrajI zabdoM ke sAtha diye gaye haiN| kozakAra ne aneka vyavahAropayukta aMgrejI zabdoM ke saMskRtaparyAya vyutpatti kI prakriyA ke anusAra, svayaM nirmANa kiye haiM, jo prAcIna kozoM meM nahIM milte| Adhunika nAnAvidha zAstroM ke vikAsa ke kAraNa yUropIya bhASAoM meM agaNita pAribhASika zabdoM ko nirmiti huii| saMskRta yA anya prAdezika bhASAoM meM unake paryAya na hone ke kAraNa jo samasyA bhAratIya bhASAkSetra meM nirmANa huI thI, use nivAraNa karane kA kArya, suprasiddha kozakAra DaoN. raghuvIra ne kiyaa| apane AMglabhAratIya koza meM, saMskRta bhASA kI vyutpattiprakriyA ke anusAra nae pAribhASika zabdoM kI nirmiti unhoMne kii| isa ke lie unhoMne svayaM aneka bhASAoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| DaoN. raghuvIra ne (1) arthazAstra zabdakoza (2) AMgla-bhAratIya pakSinAmAvalI, (3) AMglabhAratIya prazAsana zabdakoza, (4) khanija abhijJAna, (5) tarkazAstra pAribhASika zabdAvalI (6) vANijya zabdakoza, (7) sAMkhyikI zabdakoza ityAdi zabdakozoM ke dvArA saMskRta bhASA kI zabdasaMpadA meM sahasrAvadhi navIna zabdoM kA yogadAna diyA hai| zAsanakartAoM kI anAsthA ke kAraNa DaoN. raghuvIra ke zabdakoza, pratyakSa vyavahAra meM upayogI nahIM ho ske| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/257 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ina zabdakozoM ke atirikta vividha zAstrIya koza arvAcIna kAla meM mirmANa hue jaise :koza kartA dhAturUpacandrikA - vhI.vhI.upAdhyAya dhAturatnAkara (ATha bhAgoM meM) - zrIdharazAstrI pAThaka aSTAdhyAyI zabdAnukramaNikA - zrIdharazAstrI pAThaka mahAbhASya zabdAnukramaNikA saMskRtadhAturUpakoza - kR. bhA. vIrakara saMskRta zabdarUpakoza tiGntArNavataraNikoza pratyayakoza - guMDerAva harakare (haidarAbAda nivaasii)| nyAyakoza - bhImAcArya jhlkiikr| mImAMsAkoza (cAra bhAga) - kevalAnaMda sarasvatI nighaNdumaNimAlA (yA vaidikakoza)- madhusUdana vidyAvAcaspati / gojJAnakoza :- paM. zrIpAda dAmodara saatvlekr| usameM gomAtA viSayaka vaidika maMtroM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| aitareya brAhmaNa-AraNyaka koza :- kevalAnaMda srsvtii| kauSItakI brAhmaNa- AraNyaka koza :vaidika koSa :- (brAhmaNa-vAkyoM kA saMgraha):- haMsarAja / sAmavedapAdanAm akArAdivarNAnukramaNikA- svAmI- vizvezvarAnaMda aura svAmI nityAnaMda / dharmakoza :- (vyavahArakANDa)-3 bhAgoM meM tarkatIrtha- lakSmaNazAstrI joshii| dharmakoza :- (upaniSatkAMDa) (cAra bhAgoM me)- tarkatIrtha lakSmaNazAstrI joshii| smRtitattvamH raghunaMdana bhttttaacaary| isameM 28 smRtiyoM kA saMgraha hai| smRtInAM samuccaya :- 27 smRtiyoM kA sNgrh| purANaviSaya anukramaNikA : yazapAla TaMDana / purANazabdAnukramaNikA - (3 bhAgoM meN| DI. Ara. diikssit)| mahAbhAratazabdAnukramaNikA - gaNitIya koza :- DaoN. vrajamohana / bharatakoza- nATyasaMgIta viSayaka pAribhASika zabda koza / bhAratIya rAjanIti koSa (kAlidAsa khaMDa) le- veMkaTazazAstrI joshii| vaidikapadAnukramakoSa (sAta bhAgoM meM) le. vishvbndhushaastrii| sarvataMtrasiddhAnta- padArtha-lakSaNasaMgrahavaidikazabdArtha pArijAtakauTilIya arthazAstra padasUcI/ 3 bhAgoM meM- . purAtana jainavAkyasUcI bRhatstotraratnAkara-500 stotroM kA sNgrh| jainastotra ratnAkarakahAvata ratnAkara-saMskRta hiMdI aura aMgrejI kahAvatoM kA sNgrh| zabdakoza nirmiti ke kSetra meM puNe ke Dekkana kaoNleja dvArA eka mahattvapUrNa upakrama sana 1942 se DaoN. sumaMta maMgeza ko ke netRtva meM calatA rahA hai| isa mahAn koza meM I-pU. 14 vIM zatI se I-18 vIM zatI taka saMskRta bhASA meM nirmita sarvAMgINa vAGmaya prakAra ke do hajAra graMthoM se pAMca lakSa zabdoM kA saMgraha, unakI vyutpatti, yathAkAla huA arthAntara tathA vividha granthoM meM unake prayoga ityAdi aneka prakAra kI jAnakArI ke sAtha, kiyA jA rahA hai| isa kArya meM yUropa tathA jApAna ke aneka vidvAna vinA vetana sahakArya dete hai| kozanirmiti kI dizA meM Adhunika kAla meM jo vizeSa mahattvapUrNa kArya huA, isa prakAra kA kArya prAcIna kAla meM nahIM ho skaa| vaha kArya yAne prAcIna hastalikhita graMthasaMgrahoM kI sUciyAM bnaanaa| jarmana paMDita maiksamUlara ne kahA hai ki sAre saMsAra meM bhArata hI ekamAtra aisA deza hai jahA~ hastalikhita graMthoM meM vipula jJAnabhaMDAra bharA huA 258 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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1 hai apane "iMDiyA, vhATa iTa kaeNna TIca asa" nAmaka suprasiddha grantha ke dvArA unhoMne bhArata ke hastalikhita granthabhAMDAroM kI ora vidvAnoM kA citta AkRSTa kiyaa| usa prakAra kI preraNA ke kAraNa kucha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhAratIya hastalikhita graMthoM ke sUcIrUpa koza nirmANa karanA prAraMbha kiyaa| maiksamUlara kA dhyAna bhArata ke saMskRta hastalikhita graMthabhAMDAroM para jaba kendrita huA, usake pahale kI madhyayugIna barbara prazAsakoM ke vidhvaMsaka AkramaNoM meM, agaNita graMthoM kA nAza ho cukA thaa| san 1784 meM kalakatte meM rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI kI sthApanA ho kara saMskRta pAMDulipiyoM kA saMcayana prAraMbha huaa| isa sosAiTI ke dvArA sara vilyam jonsa aura unakI suvidya patnI ne sana 1807 meM, saMskRta graMtha saMgraha kI prathama sUcI prakAzita kI sara vilyama jonsa saMskRta ke mahAn jijJAsu the| unake saMskRta adhyayana kI kahAnI baDI manoraMjaka evaM sphUrtiprada hai| sana 1807 meM henarI TaoNmasa kolabUka ko eziyATika sosAiTI oNpha beMgAla nAmaka saMsthA kA adhyakSapada prApta huaa| unake dvArA saMgRhIta sAre hastalikhita saMskRta graMtha, laMdana ke iMDiyA oNphisa meM surakSita rakhe gye| isa kArya ke lie unhoMne apane nijI dhana kA bhI vyaya kiyA / isI sosAiTI dvArA sana 1817 se 1834 taka paM. hariprasAda zAstrI ke netRtva meM granthasUcI ke prathama sAta bhAga siddha hue / agrima bhAgoM kA saMpAdana zrI. cintAharaNa cakravartI aura candrasena gupta dvArA sana 1945 taka huaa| DaoN. bUlhara ne (sana 1837-1898) pairIsa, laMdana, oNksaphorDa Adi sthAnoM para saMskRta graMthoM kI jAnakArI prApta kii| maiksamUlara kI preraNA se ve bhArata meM Aye muMbaI me zikSA vibhAga meM uccAdhikAra para ve niyukta hue baoNmbe saMskRta sIrIja nAmaka granthamAlA kA prakAzana unhoMne zAsakIya sahAyatA se zurU kiyaa| yaha granthamAlA saMskRta paMDitoM ke lie upakAraka huii| sana 1866 meM muMbaI, madrAsa aura baMgAla ke prazAsakoM dvArA zodhakArya ko protsAhana diyA gyaa| DaoN. bUlhara, muMbaI rAjya kI zodhasaMsthA ke adhyakSa hue| unhoMne 2300 mahattvapUrNa hastalikhita graMthoM kA saMzodhana evaM saMpAdana krvaayaa| gujarAta, kAThiyAvADa aura siMdha ina pradezoM meM DaoN. bUlhara ke netRtva meM hastalikhita saMskRta graMthoM kA saMkalana aura saMzodhana huaa| sana 1871-83 ke bIca muMbaI se una graMthoM kA sUcIpatra prakAzita huA / sana 1875 meM saMskRta graMthoM ke zodhakArya ke saMbaMdha meM DaoN. bUlhara kA eka mahatvapUrNa prativRtta prakAzita huaa| rAjasthAna aura madhyabhArata ke saMsthAnoM se aneka pAMDulipiyAM maMgavA kara unakA prakAzana sana 1887 meM DaoN. bUlhara ne krvaayaa| unhIM se preraNA pA kara kucha vidvAna isa apUrva kArya meM pravRtta hue| zrIrAjendralAla mizra ne "noTisesa oNpha saMskRta maeNnyuskripTas' nAmaka 9 khaNDoM kA prakAzana kiyaa| haraprasAda zAstrI ne agrima do khaMDa prakAzita kie| viMTaraniTas ne boDaliyana lAibrerI ke saMgraha kI sUcI karane kA kArya zurU kiyaa| DaoN. kItha ne DaoN. sTIna kI "iMDiyana insTiTyUTa" (oNksaphorDa) meM surakSita saMgraha kI sUcI taiyAra kI jo 1903 meM oNksaphorDa ke klerenDana presa dvArA mudrita huii| boDaliyana lAibrerI ke pAli graMthoM kI sUcI karane kA kArya phreMkapharTara ne sana 1882 meM pUrNa kiyaa| DaoN. vebara (I. 1825-1901) ne barlina ke rAjakIya pustakAlaya ke saMskRta hastalikhita granthoM kI bRhatsUcI taiyAra kI aura DaoN. bUlhara dvArA balIna pustakAlaya meM prApta hue 500 jaina hastalikhita graMthoM kA sUkSma adhyayana kara jaina vAGmaya para prakAza ddaalaa| sana 1869 meM kebrija ke TriniTI kaoNleja ke graMthasaMgraha kI bRhatsUcI oNphreTa ne taiyAra kii| sana 1870 meM jemsa DI alIj ne kolambo meM bhAratIya saMskRta graMthoM kI sUcI prakAzita kii| usI varSa ena. sI. barnela ne laMdana ke iMDiyA oNphisa ke saMskRta granthoM kI sUcI kA prakAzana kiyaa| sana 1880 meM klAsIphAIDa iMDeksa TU di saMskRta maeNnyuskripTas ina di paeNlesa a~T taMjaura yaha khaMDa barnela ne laMdana meM prakAzita kiyaa| jyUliyasa egaliMga ne sana 1887 aura 1896 meM laMdana meM do sUciyAM prakAzita kii| 1935 meM kItha aura TaoNmasa kI sUcI aura olDenabarga kI sUcI kA prakAzana laMdana se huaa| laMdana ke iMDiyA oNphisa meM Aja bhI isa prakAra kA kArya cAlU hai| sana 1883 meM josila baMDAla aura rAisa DevhiDsa ne keMbrija vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta aura pAlI granthoM kI sUcI prakAzita kii| sana 1874 meM madhya bhArata ke saMskRta graMthoM kI sUcI DaoN. epha. kIlahaoNrna ne prakAzita kii| unhoMne sana 1877-73 meM sarakAra dvArA kharIde gaye hastalikhita graMthoM kI sUcI taiyAra kii| muMbaI rAjya ke hastalikhitoM kI sUcI zrI. kAzinAtha kuMTe ne sana 1880-81 me taiyAra kI, usakA prakAzana 1881 meM kIlahaoNrna ne krvaayaa| pITarsana ne kI bRhatsUcI 1883 aura 1898 meM chaH khaMDoM meM prakAzita huii| isake atirikta unhoMne alvara nareza ke saMgraha kI sUcI bhI siddha kii| pITarsana ke bAda yaha kArya DaoN. rAmakRSNa gopAla bhAMDArakara ne samhAlA / isa saMbaMdha meM unakA prativRtta sana 1897 meM muMbaI se prakAzita huaa| DaoN. bhAMDArakara ne 1917 se 1929 taka kI avadhi meM orieMTala lAibrerI (puNe) ke hastalikhitoM kI sAta sUciyAM prakAzita kii| zrI hari dAmodara velaNakara ne raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI ke saMgraha kI sUciyAM taiyAra kI, jo sana 1926, 28 tathA 30 meM prakAzita huI / sana 1880 meM taMjora ke sarasvatI mahala ke hastalikhitoM kI sUcI karnela ne kii| bAda meM yaha kArya pI.pI.esa. zAstrI ne smhaalaa| unhoMne taiyAra kI huI bRhatsUcI 19 khaMDoM meM prakAzita huI taMjaura ke sarasvatImahala meM Aja 25 hajAra hastalikhita graMtha surakSita hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM graMthasUcI kA kArya gustAva oparTa ne zurU kiyaa| unake saMpAdita do khaMDa sana 1880 aura saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 259 For Private and Personal Use Only

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1885 meM prakAzita hue| maisUra aura kUrga rAjya meM granthasUcI kA saMpAdana kArya lebija rAIsa ne kiyaa| 1884 meM unakI sUcI baMgalora meM prakAzita huii| madrAsa sarakAra kI orieMTala maeNnyuskrie lAIbrerI kI ora se sana 1893 meM prathama sUcI kA prakAzana huaa| yaha kArya bAda meM zeSagirI zAstrI e. zaMkaran Adi vidvAnoM ke saMcAlakatva meM cAlU rhaa| abhI taka isa lAibrerI dvArA 30 se adhika sUcIkhaMDa prakAzita hue| aDyAra (madrAsa ke antargata) thiosophikala sosAiTI kA jAgatika keMdrasthAna hai| isa jAgatika saMsthA kA apanA eka vizAla hastalikhita graMthasaMgraha hai| san 1920 aura 28 meM "e keTalA~ga oNpha di saMskRta maeNnyuskripTas" nAma ke do khaNDa prakAzita hue| 1942 meM DaoN. kunhan rAjA aura ke mAdhavakRSNa zarmA ne vaidika bhAga kI sUcI prakAzita kI aura 1947 meM vhI. kRSNammAcArya ne vyAkaraNa bhAgoM kI sUcI taiyAra kii| dakSiNa bhArata kI kucha sUciyoM kA prakAzana 1905 meM halDana ne kiyaa| sana 1895 se 1906 taka kalakattA saMskRta lAIbrerI ke hastAlikhita saMgraha hI sUcI paM. hRSIkeza zAstrI aura zivacandra guMI ne taiyAra kii| kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya dvArA 1930 meM asamIja maeNnyUskrie nAmaka do sUcIkhaNDa prakAzita hue jina meM saMskRta graMthoM kA ullekha bharapUra mAtrA meM huA hai| rAyabahAdura hIrAlAla zAstrI ne purAne "madhyapradeza aura berAra" ke hastalikhitoM kA prativRtta taiyAra kiyA thA, jisakA prakAzana sana 1926 meM nAgapUra meM huaa| vArANasI ke sarasvatI bhavana meM savAlAkha se adhika pANDulipiyoM kA mahAn saMgraha hai| sana 1953 se 58 taka unameM se 1600 granthoM kI sUcI ATha khaMDoM meM prakAzita huii| ilAhAbAda kI gaMgAnAtha jhA zodhasaMsthA dvArA bhI aneka sUcIkhaMDoM kA prakAzana huA hai| jammU-kAzmIra ke raghunAtha maMdira ke granthAlaya ke hastalikhitoM kI sUcI DaoN. sTIna dvArA taiyAra huii| sana 1894 meM vaha muMbaI meM prakAzita huii| kAzmIra nareza ke pustakAlaya kI sUcI taiyAra karane kA kAma paM rAmacaMdra kAka aura harabhaTTa zAstrI ne kiyaa| sana 1927 meM usakA prakAzana puNe meM huaa| rAjasthAna aura madhyabhArata ke graMthasaMgrahoM kA prativRtta DaoN. bhAMDArakara ne taiyAra kiyaa| 1907 meM vaha muMbaI meM prakAzita huaa| baDodA kI seMTrala lAIbrerI kI sUcI jI. ke. goDe aura ke esa. rAmasvAmI zAstrI ne taiyAra kii| sana 1925 meM gAyakavADa orieMTala sIrIj kI ora se usakA prakAzana huaa| DaoN. kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla aura e. benarjI ne mithilA ke saMgraha kI sUcI taiyAra kI, jisakA prakAzana sana 1927 se 40 taka kI avadhi meM, cAra khaMDoM meM bihAra-uDIsA-rIsarca sosAyaTI ne kiyaa| ujjayinI kI orieMTala maeNnyuskripTa lAibrerI dvArA sana 1936 aura 1941 meM sUcI kA prakAzana huaa| pATaNa (gujarAta) ke jaina graMthoM kI sUcI kA saMpAdana sI.DI. dalAla ne prAMrabha kiyA aura ela. bI. gAndhI ne vaha saMpUrNa kiyaa| gAyakavADa orieMTala sIrIj ne apanI prathama sUcI kA prakAzana 1937 meM baDodA meM kiyaa| 1942 meM dvitIya sUcI prakAzita huii| jaisalapIra rAjya ke graMthAlaya kI sUcI bhI gAyakavADa orieMTala sIrIja dvArA hI prakAzita huaa| tirUanantapura (triveMdrama) ke sarakArI pustakAlaya kI sUcI ATha bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| "kaiTelogasa kaiTelAgoram" ___ 19 vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka bhArata meM jinakI vividha pANDulipiyoM kI sUciyA~ prakAzita huI unameM ullikhita sabhI graMthoM kI sarvakaSa bRhattama sUcI kA saMpAdana karane kA apUrva kArya DaoN.AphreTa ne prAraMbha kiyaa| sana 1891, 1896 aura 1903 meM isa ke prathama tIna khaMDa, kaiTelogasa kaiTelogora meM nAma se lipajhiga (jarmanI) meM prakAzita hue| san 1935 5 se oNphreTa kI sUcI kI sudhArita aura saMvardhita AvRtti saMpAdita karane kA kArya, DaoN. kunhana rAjA aura DaoN. ve. rAghavan ina prasiddha vidvAnoM ke netRtva meM madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya dvArA prAraMbha huaa| isa "nyU keTalogasa keTelogoram" kA prathama khaMDa (jisa meM kevala akArAdi nAmaka graMthoM kI hI praviSTiyAM hai) madrAsa yunivharsiTI saMskRta sIrija dvArA sana 1949 meM prakAzita huaa| hastAlikhita graMthoM kI sUcI karane kA yaha kArya saMskRta vAGmaya ke itihAsa meM sarvathA apUrva hai prAcIna rAjA mahArAjAoM ne aura maThAdhipatiyoM ne apanI paddhati ke anusAra apane apane sthAnoM para hastAlikhita graMthoM kA saMcayana kiyaa| musalamAnI zAsana ke pradIrgha ApAta kAla meM unameM se aneka sthAnoM kA vidhvaMsa rAjyakartAoM kI asahiSNutA evaM asaMskRtatA ke kAraNa huaa| phira bhI jo saMgraha surakSita rahe, una sabhI meM saMcita vAGmayarAzi ke sUcIkoza karanA eka rASTrIya mahattva kA kArya honA Avazyaka thaa| abhI taka kucha mahattvapUrNa kozoM tathA unake svanAmadhanya saMpAdakoM tathA saMsthAoM kA nirdeza mAtra isa prakaraNa meM huA hai| ina ke atirikta jina mahAnubhAvoM ne isa kSetra meM kArya kiyA, unameM esa. jaikobI. vhI. phAsabola, jaoNna. sI. nesaphIlDa, phreDrika levIja, ityAdi pAzcAtya paMDitoM kA tathA unhI kI paddhati se isa kArya ko calAne vAle bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM ma.ma. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, paM. devIprasAda, DaoN. zyAma suMdaradAsa, DaoN. pitAMbaradatta, DaoN. prabodhacaMdra, muni jinavijaya, rAmazAstrI, bAgacI, AcArya vizvabandhu zAstrI, DaoN. dharmendra, paM. rAdhAkRSNa, eca.Ara. raMgasvAmI ayyaMgAra, ke. bhujabalIzAstrI, padmabhUSaNa DaoN. rA. nA. dAMDekara, ityAdi aneka kAryakartAoM ke nAmoM kA kRtajJatA se nirdeza karanA Avazyaka hai| kaiTelAgArakI sUciyA~ prasana 1891, 260 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prakaraNa-13 arvAcIna saMskRta vAGmaya gata zatAbdI se maiksamUlara, viMTaraniTjha, kItha, mekDonela ityAdi yUropIya paMDitoM ne saMskRta vAGamaya kA samAlocana evaM vivecana karane vAle aneka samIkSAtmaka itihAsagraMtha nirmANa kiye| isa prakAra saMskRta vAGamaya kA parAmarza lene vAle vAGmayetihAsAtmaka graMtha isa ke pUrva nirmANa nahIM hue the| ina yUropIya samIkSakoM ne prAyaH 16 vIM zatAbdI taka nirmANa hue viziSTa graMthoM kA samAlocana karate hue saMskRta vADamaya kA paricaya diyA aura usakA mUlyamApana karane kA prayatna kiyaa| kucha samIkSakoM ne yUropIya vAGmaya ke sAtha saMskRta vADamaya kI tulanA prastuta karate hue, apane anukUla pratikUla abhiprAya prakaTa kie| paraMtu ina samIkSakoM ne prAyaH 16 vIM zatI taka nirmita graMthakAroM kA hI parAmarza liyaa| paMDitarAja jagannAtha ko saMskRta vAGamaya kA aMtima pratinidhi mAnate hue yaha sArA vivecana athavA samIkSaNa kA kArya ina vidvAnoM ne kiyaa| yUropIya paMDitoM kA Adarza sAmane rakhate hue bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI isI prakAra ke graMtha bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM aMgrajI evaM hiMdI-prabhRti prAdezika bhASAoM meM nirmANa hie| paraMtu ina bhAratIya samIkSAkAroM ne prAyaH yUropIya vidvAnoM kA anukaraNa mAtra kiyaa| jagannAtha paMDita ke pazcAt saMskRta vAGmaya kA pravAha kuMThita huA, saMskRta bhASA mRtavat hone ke kAraNa saMskRta paMDitoM kI vAGmaya nirmANa karane kI kSamatA naSTaprAya huI, isa prakAra kA pracAra sarvatra huaa| isa pracAra kI vAstavatA yA avAstavatA kA parIkSaNa kiye binA bhAratIya vidvAnoMne bhI saMskRta vAGmaya kA parAmarza liyA gyaa| jagannAthottara kAla meM nirmita sAhitya kI ora saMskRtajJoM kA dhyAna AkarSita na hone ke kucha kAraNa haiM jinameM pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki saMskRta ke vidvAna vyAsa, vAlmIki, kAlidAsa bANabhaTTa jaise prAcIna sAhityikoM kI lokottara kalAkRtiyoM meM hI niraMtara ramamANa rhe| una svanAmadhanya mahAsArasvatoM ke atirikta anya sAhityikoM evaM zAstrI-paMDitoM dvArA nirmita vAGmaya kA avagAhana yA AloDana karane kI icchA unameM kabhI aMkurita nahIM huii| dUsarA ullekhanIya kAraNa yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki navanirmita saMskRta graMthoM kA mudraNa evaM prakAzana karane meM kisI kA sahakArya na milane se navanirmita sAhitya kA pracAra atyalpa mAtrA meM huaa| bhArata ke anyAnya pradezoM meM rahane vAle saMskRta lekhakoM kA paraspara saMparka na hone ke kAraNa bahuta sArA prakAzita vAGmaya bhI ajJAta sA rhaa| a.bhA. prAcyavidyA pariSad jaisI pratiSThita saMsthAoM evaM vizvavidyAlayoM ke saMskRta vibhAgoM ne bhI arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya kA samucita saMkalana karane meM yathocita tatparatA nahIM btaaii| 20 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya kA parAmarza lene kI pravRtti vidvAnoM meM aMkurita huii| DaoN. kRSNammAcAriyara kA "hisTrI oNpha klAsikala saMskRta liTarecara", DaoN. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara kA "arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya" 1963 meM prakAzita (marAThI meM), DaoN. hIrAlAla zukla kA "Adhunika saMskRta sAhitya", 1971 meM prakAzita (hiMdI meM), DaoN. uSA satyavrata kA TveMTietha seMcurI saMskRta plej (1972 meM prakAzita) ina graMthoM ke kAraNa tathA usake pUrva sana 1956-57 meM DaoN. veMkaTarAma rAghavan dvArA likhita Adhunika saMskRta vAGmaya viSayaka kucha aMgrejI sphuTa lekhoM ke kAraNa arvAcIna saMskRta vAGmaya kI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita huaa| 17 vIM se 20 vIM zatI taka kA kAlakhaMDa saMskRta vAGmaya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se arvAcIna kAla khaMDa mAnA jAtA hai| isa avadhi meM paMDitarAja jagannAtha ke samakAlIna 104 graMthoM ke lekhaka appayyA dIkSita, 60 graMthoM ke lekhaka ratnakheTa nIlakaNTha dIkSita, 64 graMthoM ke lekhaka ghanazyAma kavi, 143 graMthoM ke lekhaka bellaMkoMDa rAmarAya, 108 graMthoM ke lekhaka rAdhA maMDalam nArAyaNa zAstrI, 93 nATakoM ke lekhaka ma. ma. lakSmaNasUrI, 135 graMthoM ke lekhaka paM. madhusUdanajI ojhA, tathA bhaT mathurAnAtha zAstrI, mahAliMga zAstrI, kSitIzacaMdra caTopAdhyAya, zrIpAdazAstrI hasUrakara, kAvyakaMTha vAsiSTha gaNapatimuni, brahmazrI kapAlI zAstrI, akhilAnaMda zarmA, svAmI bhagavadAcArya, paM. dRSIkeza bhaTAcArya, AppAzAstrI rAzivaDekara, vidhuzekhara bhaTAcArya, prajJAcakSu gulAbarAva mahArAja, vAsudevAnaMda sarasvatI, paMDitA kSamAdevI rAva. DaoN. rAghavana, DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya, DaoN. vIrendrakumAra bhaTTAcArya ityAdi arvAcIna saMskRta sAhityikoM kArya atyaMta zlAghanIya hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza- graMthakAra khaNDa/261 For Private and Personal Use Only

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paramparA kA rakSaNa madhyayugIna saMskRta sAhityikoM meM se subandhu, kavirAja, sandhyAkaranandI, dhanaMjaya jaise lekhakoM ne jisa prakAra yarthI, vyarthI mahAkAvya nirmANa kara bhASAprabhutva kA eka adbhuta nidarzana sthApita kiyA, usI Adarza ke anusAra arvAcIna sAhityikoM meM yAdava-rAghavIyam ke lekhaka veMkaTAdhvarI (17 vIM zatI) rAghava-yAdava pANDavIya evaM paMcakalyANacampU ke lekhaka cidambarakavi (17 vIM zatI) rAghava-naiSadhIya ke lekhaka haradatta (18 vIM zatI) aura kosalabhosalIya ke lekhaka zeSAcalapati (18 vIM zatI), sAta arthoM vAle saptasaMdhAna kAvya ke lekhaka meghavijayagaNI ityAdi vidvAnoM ne zleSapracura kAvyaracanA kI viziSTa paramparA arvAcIna kAlakhaMDa meM akSuNNa rkhii| 19 vIM zatI ke kRSNamUrti aura cArlA bhASyakAra zAstrI ne "kaMkaNabaMdharAmAyaNa" nAmaka eka mAtra anuSTup chaMdobaddha zloka kI, racanA kI jisake yathAkrama 64 ora 128 artha nikalate haiM aura una artho dvArA saMpUrNa rAmakathA kA nivedana hotA hai| ina zlokoM ke sAre artha unhoMne hI svayaM TIkA dvArA vizada kiye haiN| saMskRta sAhitya ke pratikUla kAla meM kAvya nATakAdi kI racanA ina sAre sAhityikoM ne kisa uddezya se kI, isa prazna kA uttara aneka lekhakoM ne apane zabdoM meM diyA hai| (yazolAbha, arthaprApti, vyavahArajJAna kI prApti, amaMgala kA nivAraNa, tatkAla paramAnaMda kI prApti aura kAntAsaMmita upadeza ina paraMparAgata prayojanoM ke atirikta, saMskRta bhASA kI sevA, anyabhASIya sAhitya kA saMskRtajJoM ko paricaya, chAtroM kA hita ityAdi navIna prayojanoM se, ina arvAcIna lekhakoM ne saMskRta meM sAhityanirmiti kii| aneka sAhityikoM ke antaHkaraNa meM kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti jaise prAcIna mahAkaviyoM kA anukaraNa karane kI tIvra preraNA hone ke kAraNa ve saMskRta sAhityanirmiti meM pravRtta hue| isa prakAra ke sAhityiyoM ne svayaM apanA nirdeza una prAcIna mahAkaviyoM ke mahanIya nAmoM kI upadhi dhAraNa karate hue kiyA hai| athavA unake sahadaya pAThakoM ne unheM usa prakAra kI upAdhiyAM dii| jaise :"abhinava-kAlidAsa" = yazobhUSaNakAra mAdhava ora saMkSepazaMkaravijayakAra gopAlasvAmI shaastrii| nUtana-kAlidAsa - vikramarAghava kvi| kaliyuga-kAlidAsa = zRMgArakozabhANa ke lekhk| kerala-kAlidAsa = kerlvrmmhaaraaj| abhinava-bhavabhUti = zrInivAsa dIkSita (ratnakheTa), abhinava-rAmAnuja - zrInivAsaguNAkAra mahAkAvya ke lekhaka mAyAvAdi-mataMgaja = kNtthiirvaacaary| navIna-pataMjali = perusuuri| abhinavabhartRhari - paM. tejobhAnu zRMgArAdi zatakamaya ke lekhaka, abhinava-paMDitarAja = pulya umAmahezvarazAstrI, abhinava bhoja = taMjaura nareza zahAjI (ekojI kA putra) bhosale, abhinava-jayadeva -zAhavilAsagIta ke racayitA duNDhikavi, Andhra pANini = kosalabhosalIyakartA shessaaclpti| ina vyaktinAmoM ke atirikta granthoM ke bhI nAma dekhie :- abhinavakAdambarI (lekhaka- mhaisUra ke rAjakavi ahobila narasiMha), abhinavabhAratam (le. narasappA), abhinavabhAratacampU (le. zrIkaNThakavi), abhinava gItagoviMda, abhinavarAmAyaNa, abhinavabhAgavata, abhinavavAsavadattA, abhinavahitopadeza ityaadi| ina granthanAmoM se bhI yaha spaSTa dikhAI detA hai ki ArvAcIna saMskRta lekhakoM meM prAcIna sAhityikoM tathA unakI prakhyAta vAGmaya kRtiyoM kA anukaraNa karane kI tIvra AkAMkSA thii| ina AkAMkSA se prerita hokara hI aneka graMthoM kI racanA arvAcIna kAla meM huii| kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza kA anukaraNa karane kI preraNA se, guruvaMza (le. lakSmaNazAstrI, (18 vIM zatI), bhaTavaMza (le. yuvarAjakavi) ityAdi vaMzAnucaritAtmaka kAvyagraMthoM kI racanA huii| isa pravRtti kI vikRti, jArjavaMza (le. appAzAstrI ayyara) aura eDavarDavaMza (le. urvIdattazAstrI, lakhanaU nivAsI) jaise kAvyoM meM dikhAI detI hai| mAghakRta zizupAlavadha kA anukaraNa karane kA prayatna karate hue vaMzIdhara zarmA ne duryodhanavadha nAmaka mahAkAvya likhaa| vatsakulotpanna vAmana kavi ne bANabhaTTa kA yaza haraNa karane kI AkAMkSA se vIranArAyaNacaritra nAmaka gadya prabandha kA nirmANa kiyaa| (vaha prayatna sarvathA niSphala rahA, yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|) vyAkaraNazAstra ke dvArA sAdhita zabdoM kA upayoga kara kAvyaracanA kA eka anokhA Adarza bhaTTI ne sthApita kiyaa| usa Adarza ko lekara bhAgavatavyaMjana (le. DhuNDirAja kAle, 19 vIM zatI), mohabhaMga, (le. DaoN. rasika bihArI jozI, 1976) / jaise kAvya bhI arvAcIna kAlakhaMDa meM nirmANa hue| 17 vIM zatAbdI se 20 vIM zatAbdI taka saMskRta vAGmaya kA arvAcIna kAlakhaMDa mAnA jAtA hai paraMtu isa arvAcIna kAlakhaMDa ke bhI do khaMDa spaSTatayA dikhAI dete hai| pahalA kAlakhaMDa 19 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke sAtha samApta hotA hai aura dUsarA kAlakhaMDa aMgrejI zAsana kI prasthApanA ke bAda pAzcAtya vAGmaya kA paricaya yahAM ke vidvAnoM ko hone ke kAraNa, 19 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se adyayAvat mAnA jAtA hai| isa prathama kAlakhaMDa meM nirmita prAdezika bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM saMta sAhitya aura kucha lokasAhitya ke atirikta anya sArA sAhitya, tatkAlIna saMskRta sAhitya se kisI prakAra alaga sA nahIM thaa| isa kAla ke saMskRta ke sAhityika jisa prakAra rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura bhAgavatAdi purANagraMthoM ko upajIvya mAnakara apanI pratibhA pradarzita karate the, usI prakAra hiMdI, marAThI, bAMgalA prabhRti prAdezika bhASAoM ke sAhityika bhI unhIM paramparAgata yA gatAnugatika viSayoM ko lekara kAvyaracanA karate rhe| paraMtu usameM bhI saMskRta lekhakoM ke campU, nATaka, khaMDakAvya ityAdi vAGmaya prakAra SUSHo prakhyAta vAGmaya kRtiyoM kAladAsa ke raghuvaMza kA anukaraNa kI racanA huii| isa pravRtti 262 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pracalita nahIM hue the| arvAcIna saMskRta sAhityikoM ne parasparAgata viSayoM para AdhArita rAmAyaNasArasaMgraha (le. appayya dIkSita), rAmAyaNakAvya (le. madhuravANI), rAmayamakArNava (le. vyaMkaTeza), rAmavilAsakAvya (le. rAmacaMdra tarkavAgIza), rAghavIya (le. rAmapANivAda), sItAsvayaMvara (le. kAzInAtha) ityAdi rAmacaritraviSayaka aneka kAvyagraMthoM kI nirmiti kI athavA pArijAtaharaNa, rukmiNIharaNa, kaMsavadha (le. rAjacUDAmaNi) mAdhavamahotsava (le. sUryanArAyaNa), vikramabhArata (le. zrIdhara vidyAlaMkAra), pAMDavavijaya (le. hemacaMdrAcArya) ityAdi kRSNacaritra se saMbaMdhita kAvyoM kI bhI racanA kii| usI prakAra ina paurANika viSayoM para AdhArita nATaka, prakaraNa bhANa, campU jaise anya prakAroM ke graMtha bhI saMskRta sAhityikoM ne paryApta mAtrA meM nirmANa kiye| arvAcIna prAdezika bhASIya sAhitya kA yaha eka vaiziSTya mAnA jA sakatA hai| 19 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka prAdezika bhASIya sAhityoM meM nATya vAGmaya kI nirmitI nahIM huI thii| asamiyA bAMgalA jaisI kucha bhASAoM meM nATya vAGmaya kI paraMparA dikhAI detI hai, paraMtu usakA svarUpa saMskRtaniSTha hI hai| vIracaritoM para AdhArita mahAkAvyoM kI nirmiti karane kI paraMparA saMskRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM atiprAcIna kAla se niraMtara calatI rhii| usa paraMparA ko bhI arvAcIna saMskRta sAhityikoM ne akSuNNa rakhI hai| chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ke vIracaritra evaM puNyacAritrya ne aneka pratibhAzAlI lekhakoM ko preraNA dI, jisa ke phalasvarUpa kavIndra paramAnandakRta zivabhAratam (17 vIM zatI), kAlidAsa vidyAvinodakRta zivacaritam (19 vIM zatI) Adhunika bANabhaTTa aMbikAdatta vyAsa kRta zivarAjavijaya (gadyakAvya), vhI. vhI. sovanIkRta zivAvatAraprabandha, DaoN. zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara viracita 68 sargoM kA zivarAjyodaya (prastuta mahAkAvya ko sana 1974 meM sAhitya akAdamI kA puraskAra prApta huA) DaoN. tripAThIkRta kSatrapaticarita ityAdi vividha mahAkAvya Adhunika kAla meM nirmANa hue| isI paraMparA meM rudrakavikRta jahAMgIracarita (17 vIM zatI) rAmayyAkRta gajhanavImahaMmadacarita (19 vIM zatI), pAMDuraMgakavi kRta vijayapurakathA (19 vIM zatI), aura chajjUrAmakRta sulatAnacarita jaise muslima rAjAoM ke caritra para AdhArita kucha kAvya bhI nirmANa hue|| aMgrejoM ke prazAsana kAla meM, vhikToriyAcaritasaMgraha (le. vrajendranAtha zAstrI, sana 1887), vhikToriyAmAhAtmya (le. rAjA zaurIndramohana TAgora, sana 1897) prItikusumAMjali (le. kAzI ke kAlIpatha paMDita- 1897 (vijayinIkAvya) le. zrIzvara vidyAlaMkAra bhaTTAcArya- 1902) AMglasAmrAjya (le. rAjavarmA), AMglajarmanIyuddhavivaraNa (le. tirumala bukkapaTTanaM zrInivAsAcArya- 1924), samarazAntimahotsava (le. pI. vhI. rAmacaMdra AcArya- 1924), yaduvRddha (eDavarDa) sauhArda (le. gopAla ayaMgAra- 1937), ityAdi kAvya mahArAnI vhikToriyA, saptama eDavarDa, paMcamajArja jaise AMgla nRpatiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM nirmANa hue| __ mahAkAvyoM ke samAna stotrakAvya, zatakakAvya, dUtakAvya, gItikAvya, gadyakAvya, campU ityAdi lalita vAGmaya ke vividha prAcIna prakAra saMskRta sAhitya ke arvAcIna sevakoM ne akhaMDita cAlU rkhe| inake viSaya bhI prAyaH gatAnugatika svarUpa ke hI dikhAI dete haiN| ina lekhakoM ne prAcIna vAGmaya paraMparA akSuNNa rakhI isalie unakI vizeSa prazaMsA karane kI athavA unhoMne gatAnugatika rUDha viSayoM se bAhya viSayoM kA parAmarza nahIM liyA, isa kAraNa unakI nindA karane kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke pratikUla kAlakhaMDa meM bhI sura-bhAratI kA pravAha ina mahAnubhAvoM ne akhaMDita rakhA yahI inakA kArya hai| isa kAla meM nirmita hiMdI, marAThI, baMgAlI, prabhRti prAdezika bhASAoM ke sAhityikoM ke viSaya meM bhI isI prakAra kA abhiprAya diyA jA sakatA hai| bhArata ke sAhitya kSetra meM sana 1857 kI rAjyakrAMti ke bAda kucha vizeSa prakAra kA parivartana prAraMbha huaa| aMgrejI rAjasattA kI preraNA se sthApita Adhunika vizvavidyAlayoM meM zikSA dIkSA pAye hue navazikSita sAhityikoM ne, pAzcAtya sAhitya kA vaiziSTa apane nijI bhASA ke sAhitya meM lAne kA prayatna zuru kiyaa| isa prakriyA ke kAraNa mahAkAvyoM tathA anya kAvya prakAroM meM paurANika viSayoM ke atirikta viSayoM kA antarbhAva hone lgaa| rAjastuti paraka kAvyoM meM musalamAna evaM aMgreja rAjAoM ke saMbaMdha meM likhe gae kucha kAvyoM kA nirdeza upara huA hai| una viSayoM ke atirikta azvaghoSa ke buddhicarita kI paramparA meM jinakA antarbhAva ho sakegA aise mahApuruSa viSayaka mahAkAvya Adhunika kAla meM nirmANa hue, jinameM nimnalikhita kAvya vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM :1) yazodharAmahAkAvya : 20 sarga, lekhaka ogaTI parIkSita shrmaa| (sana 1976) 2) kristubhAgavatam : 33 sarga, lekhaka pI. sI. devAsiyA (sana 1976 meM sAhitya akAdamI puraskAra prApta) 3) yezusaurabha : le. somvrmraajaa| 4) zrImadAdyazaMkara-janmakAlakAvya : lekhaka zivadAsa bAlige (sana 1954) 5) zrIgurugoviMdasiMhacarita : lekhaka DaoN. styvrt| (sana 1967 meM sAhitya akAdamI puraskAra praapt)| 6) zrInArAyaNavijaya : lekhaka ke. balarAma pnnikk| viSaya-kerala ke Adhunika saMta nArAyaNa guru, 21 sarga (sana 1971) 7) tyAgarAjacarita : le. suMdarezazarmA (sana 1979) 8) dIkSitendracarita : le. DaoN. vhI. rAghavan 9) vizvabhAnu : le. nArAyaNa pille, viSaya-svAmI vivekaanNdcritr| 21 sarga (sana 1980) saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 263 For Private and Personal Use Only

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10) bhAratapArijAta : le. svAmI bhgvdaacaary| viSaya-mahAtmA gAMdhI kA caritra / 27 sarga (sana 1980) isa praNAlI meM javAharalAla neharu, subhASacaMdra bosa, rASTrapati rAjendraprasAda, lokamAnya tilaka, ityAdi Adhunika rASTranetAoM ke caritroM para AdhArita mahAkAvyoM kA antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| kAlidAsa ke meghadUta se pravartita dUtakAvya kI paraMparA ko akSuNNa rakhanevAle Adhunika dUtakAvyoM kI saMkhyA kAphI bar3I hai| Adhunika dUtakAvyoM meM haMsadUta, pavanadUta, caMdradUta, hanumaddUta, gopIdUta, tulasIdUta, pikadUta, kAkadUta, bhramaradUta, pAnthadUta tathA kokilasaMdeza, kIrasaMdeza, haMsasaMdeza, garuDasaMdeza, mayUrasaMdeza, mAnasasaMdeza ityAdi kAvyoM kA nirdeza mAtra karanA paryApta hai| dUtakAvya ke samAna zataka, stotra ityAdi khaNDakAvyoM kI paraMparA ko akSuNNa rakhate hue, usameM viSayoM kI navInatA nirmANa karane kA prayAsa dikhAI detA hai| ballavadUta (le. ghaTakanAtha zarmA) mudgaradUta (le. rAmAvatAra zarmA) palAMDuzataka (le. zrIkRSNarAma zarmA), holika zataka (le. vizvezvara) sammArjanIzataka (le. anantAcAra), kaliviDambana (le. nIlakaNTha dIkSita), kaliyugAcAryastotra, cahAgItA, kaoNphI-zatakam ityAdi kAvyoM ke nAmoM se hI patA cala sakatA hai ki Adhunika saMskRta sAhityika hAsya rasa kI niSpatti karane meM kitanA rasa lene lage haiN| hAsya rasa ke sAtha hI rASTrabhakti kA pariSoNa karanevAle, bhAratImanoratha (le. ema. ke. tAtAcArya) bhAratIzataka (le. mahAdeva pANDeya) bhAratIgItA (le. vhI. Ara. lakSmI ammala) bhAratIstavaH (le. kapAlI zAstrI) ityAdi aneka stotrAtmaka khaMDakAvya Adhunika saMskRta sAhitya kI vizeSatA dikhAte haiN| rASTrabhakti kA Aveza Adhunika mahAkAvyoM tathA nATakoM meM bhI yathAsthAna bharapUra mAtrA meM dikhAI detA hai| kaI mahAkAvyoM ke sarga isa rASTrabhakti se otaprota haiM jisakA abhAva prAcIna mahAkAvyoM meM thaa| jayadeva ke gItagoviMda ke prabhAva se eka abhinavakAvya saMpradAya 12 vIM zatI se saMskRta sAhitya kSetra meM pravartita huaa| gItarAghava (le. prabhAkara) gItagirIza (le. rAmakavi) gItagaurIpati (le. caMdrazekhara sarasvatI), gItaraghunandana (le. priyadAsa) zahAjigItavilAsa (le. DhuMDhirAja), kRSNalIlAtaraMgiNI, (le. nArAyaNatIrtha); tIrthabhAratam, zrIrAmasaMgItikA aura zrIkRSNasaMgItikA (le. zrI. bhA. varNekara) ityAdi aneka gItikAvya Adhunika kAla meM nirmANa hue jinhoMne gItagoviMda kI paraMparA satata pravAhita rkhii| aneka Adhunika nATakoM meM zlokoM ke sthAna para gItikAvyoM kA prayoga zuru huA hai| kocIna ke kavi vAravUra kRSNa menana ne bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI kA geya kavitA meM rUpAMtara kiyaa| jayapura ke sAhityAcArya bhaT mathurAnAthazAstrI (maMjunAtha) ne apane sAhitya vaibhava meM hiMdI aura urdU bhASA ke gajhala, ThumarI, dohA, caupAI, kavitta, savaiyA ityAdi geya chadoM meM bharapUra kAvya racanA kii| ina geya kAvyoM ke viSaya bhI reDio, havAI jahAja, moTaragADI jaise Adhunika haiN| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke samAna viziSTa zAstrIya viSayoM para gadya prabandhoM kI racanA arvAcIna saMskRta lekhakoM ne kI hai| Adhunika paddhati ke nibaMdha vAGmaya meM vizeSatayA ullekhanIya graMtha haiM :nibaMdha lekhaka viSaya kavikAvyavicAra rAjagopAla cakravartI sAhityazAstra hautradhvAntIdivAkara kRSNazAstrI dhule dharmazAstra bAlavivAhahAniprakAza rAmasvarupa pariNayamImAMsA nareza zAstrI uddhAracaMdrikA kAzIcaMdra mAnavadharmasAra DaoN. bhagavAnadAsa khristadharmakaumudI-samAlocanA vajralAla mukhopAdhyAya satyArthaprakAza dayAnaMda sarasvatI zAMkarabhASyagAMbhIrya nirNayakhaMDana gaurInAtha zAstrI . tattvajJAna bhASyagAMbhIryanirNayamaMDana veMkaTarAghava zAstrI nUtanagItAvaicitryavilAsa gItAdAsa pAzcAtyazAstrasAra AppAzAstrI rAzivaDekara kSetratattvadIpikA ilAtura rAmasvAmI bhUmitI sanAtanabhautikavijJAna veMkaTaramaNayyA netracikitsA DaoN. bAlakRSNa zivagama muMje zArIra vijJAna pratyakSazArIra gaNanAtha sena vijJAna 264 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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siddhAntanidAna rasajalanidhi AyurvedIyapadArthavijJAna zArIradarzana bhASAtantra bhASAzAstrasaMgraha gIrvANabhASAbhyudaya pI. ema. verIyara DaoN. ciM. ga. kAzIkara hilekara zAstrI zayama zAstrI esa. TI. jI. varadAcAriyara zrInivAsa rAghavana bhASAvijJAna upanyAsa nibaMdha ke samAna gadya upanyAsa kA Adhunika vAGmaya prakAra bhI saMskRtajJoM ne apanAyA aura aneka upanyAsoM kA yogadAna saMskRta sAhitya meM diyaa| vAstavika yaha vAGmaya prakAra AkhyAyikA aura kathA ke rupa meM prAcIna kAla se bhArata meM pracalita thaa| pAtaMjala mahAbhASya meM vAsavadattA, sumanottarA, bhemarathI ina AkhyAyikAoM kA ullekha AtA hai| vAsavadattA kA adhyayana karane vAloM ke lie "vAsavadattika" saMjJA rUDha thii| inake atirikta vararucikRta cArumati, zrIpAlikRta taraMgavatI, rAmila-saumilakRta zUdrakakathA ityAdi AkhyAyikAe~ IsApUrva kAla meM prasiddha thiiN| harizcaMdra kI mAlatI, bhoja kI zRMgAramaMjarI, kulazekhara kI AzcaryamaMjarI, rudraTa kI trailokyasuMdarI, aparAjita kI mRgAMkalekhA ityAdi avAntara AkhyAyikAoM kA bhI nirdeza saMskRta sAhityikoM ne AdarapUrva kiyA hai| prAcIna lalita gadya lekhakoM meM bANabhaTTa, daNDI aura subandhu ina tIna sAhityikoM ne jo lokottara pratibhAsAmarthya aura saMskRta bhASA kA vaibhava vyakta kiyA vaha vizvavikhyAta hai| inakI paraMparA bhUSaNabhaTTa (bANabhaTTa kA putra evaM kAdambarI ke uttarArdha kA lekhaka), cakrapANi dIkSita (dazakumAracarita ke uttarArdha kA lekhaka) AnaMdadhara (10 vIM zatI, mAdhavAnala kathA kA lekhaka) dhanapAla (11 vIM zatI, tilakamaMjarI kA lekhaka) soDuDhala (11 vIM zatI, udayasuMdarI kA lekhaka) vAdIbhasiMha (12 vIM zatI, gadyacintAmaNi kA lekhaka), vidyAcakravartI (13 vIM zatI gadyakarNAmRta kA lekhaka) agasti (14 vIM zatI kRSNacaritra kA lekhaka) vAmana (abhinava bANabhaTTa, 15 vIM zatI) vIranArAyaNacarita kA lekhaka aura devavijayagaNi (16 vIM zatI, rAmacarita kA lekhaka) ityAdi mahAn gadya kaviyoM ne akhaNDita cAlU rkhii| bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI ke adabhuta prabhAva ke kAraNa Adhunika kAlakhaMDa meM DhUMDhirAjakRta abhinavakAdambarI (18 vIM zatI) maNirAmakRta kAdambaryarthasAra, kAzInAthakRta saMkSiptakAdambarI, vhI. Ara. kRSNammAcAryakRta kAdambarIsaMgraha tathA harSacaritasAra, DA. vA. vi. mirAzI kRta harSacaritasAra, ahobila narasiMhakRta abhinavakAdambarI (arthAt trimUrtikalyANa) ityAdi kAdambarIniSTha graMtha prakAzita hue| inake atirikta isa paraMparA meM zrIzaila dIkSita kRta zrIkRSNAbhyudaya, kRSNammAcAryakRta suzIlA aura maMdAravatI, nArAyaNazAstrI khistekRta divyadRSTi, cakravartI rAjagopAlakRta zaivalinI aura kumudinI, jaggU bakulabhUSaNakRta jayantikA, haridAsa siddhAntavAgIzakRta saralA aura rAmajI upAdhyAya kRta dvA supANAM ityAdi upanyAsAtmaka graMtha ullekhanIya haiN| aMbikAdatta vyAsa kRta zivarAjavijaya kA ullekha zivAjI viSayaka kAvyoM meM upara AyA hai| upanyAsoM ke samAna laghukathAoM kI nirmiti Adhunika saMskRta vAGmaya kI vizeSatA kahI jA sakatI hai| prAyaH sabhI saMskRta mAsika patrikAoM meM Adhunika paddhati kI kathAe~ niraMtara prakAzita hotI A rahI haiN| Adhunika saMskRta nATakoM kA saMkSepataH paricaya nATyavAGmaya viSayaka prakaraNa meM AyA hai| ataH isa prakaraNa meM usakA pRthak nirdeza karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya ke Adhunika saMskRta nATaka nAmaka graMtha meM prAyaH sabhI Adhunika nATakoM evaM nATakakAroM kA yathocita parAmarza liyA gayA hai| - anuvAda 19 vIM zatAbdI taka saMskRta granthoM ke hI anuvAda anya bhASAoM meM karane kI prathA thii| pUrvakAlIna sAhityika anya bhASIya graMthoM ko saMskRta bhASA meM anuvAdita karane ke saMbaMdha meM udAsIna yA parAGmukha the| paraMtu 19 vIM zatI ke uttarArdha se anuvAdita sAhitya paryApta mAtrA meM saMskRta bhASA meM nirmANa hone lgaa| isa anuvAdita saMskRta vAGmaya kA yaha vaiziSTya hai ki, isa meM bhArata kI vibhinna prAdezika bhASAoM tathA aMgrejI jaisI videzI bhASA ke uttamottama graMthoM ke anuvAda, saMskRta kI akhila bhAratIyatA ke kAraNa, anAyAsa nirmANa hue| ina anuvAdoM meM tulasIrAmAyaNa, jJAnezvarI, tirukkuraLa, dhammapada, gAthAsaptazatI, miliMdaprazna, kathAzataka, kAmAyanI, zrIrAmakRSNakathAmRta, manobodha, umarakhayyAma kI rubAiyAM, arebiyana nAiTas, bAIbala ityAdi suprasiddha graMthoM ke saMskRta anuvAda vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| zeksapIyara, Taigora, vivekAnanda, mahAtmA gAMdhI, vinobAjI bhAve, yogI araviMda, arastU, jarmana kavi gaTe ityAdi zreSTha lekhakoM ke graMtha aMzataH anuvAdita ho cuke haiN| marAThI ke prAyaH sabhI lokapriya nATakoM ke saMskRta anuvAda aura prayoga ho cuke haiN| svataMtra bhArata ke saMvidhAna kA gadya aura padyAtmaka anuvAda bhI huA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/265 For Private and Personal Use Only

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patra-patrikAe~ 19 vIM zatAbdI meM bhArata ke vividha prAntoM ke netAoM ne lokajAgRti ke hetu aMgrejI tathA hiMdI, bAMgalA prabhRti prAdezika bhASAoM meM vRttapatra tathA mAsika patrikAe~ prakAzita karanA prAraMbha kiyaa| lokajAgRti ke isa vAGmayIna kArya meM saMskRta paNDitavarga bhI agresara huaa| sana 1866 meM vArANasI ke rAjakIya saMskRta vidyAlaya se "kAzIvidyAsudhAnidhi" nAmaka prathama saMskRta patrikA prakAzita huii|| sana 1876 meM isakA prakAzana sthagita hone ke bAda 1887 se 1977 taka yaha "paMDitapatrikA" prakAzita hotI rhii| vArANasI se 1876 se pUrNamAsikI athavA pratyagranandinI nAmaka patrikA satyavrata sAmazramI ke saMpAdakatva meM prakAzita hone lgii| isa prakAra saMskRta ke niyatakAlika sAhitya kA udgama kAzI (yA vArANasI) jaise saMskRta vidyA ke mahAn keMdra se huaa| 1871 se 1914 taka lAhaura se RSIkeza bhaTTAcArya ke saMpAdakatva meM vidyodaya kA prakAzana prAraMbha huaa| paMjAba vizvavidyAlaya ke adhikArI DA. vulanara kA isa kArya meM protsAhana thaa| lAhaura kA tyAga kara paM. RSIkeza bhaTTAcArya kalakattA meM nivAsArtha ge| taba se vidyodaya kA prakAzana kalakatte se hone lgaa| DaoN. rAmagopAla mizra ne sAgara vizvavidyAlaya se pIeca.DI. upAdhi ke lie "saMskRta patrakAritA kA itihAsa" nAmaka zodha prabaMdha likhA hai| (pRSThasaMkhyA 235) prAptisthAna viveka prakAzana, sI. 11/17 maoNDala TAUna, dillii-9| isameM 19 vIM aura 20 vIM zatAbdI meM udita evaM astaMgata prAyaH sabhI niyatakAlika patrikAoM kA savistara parAmarza liyA gayA hai| Adhunika saMskRta vAGmaya kA parAmarza lene vAle kucha zodhaprAya nibaMdhoM evaM prabandhoM meM bhI niyatakAlika sAhitya kA paryApta vivecana huA hai| zrIrAma gopAla mizra kI sUcI ke anusAra 19 vIM zatAbdI meM 54 aura 20 vIM zatAbdI meM 166 patra-patrikAe~ saMskRta vAGmaya kSetra meM nirmANa huiiN| Aja karIba 40 patrikAe~ prakAzita ho rahI haiN| maisUra se sudharmA nAmaka dainika patrikA 1970 se avyAhata cala rahI hai| saMskRta meM dainika patraka prakAzita karane kA sAhasa triveMdrama kI jayantI aura puNe kI saMskRti ke saMpAdakoM ne bhI kiyA thaa| saMskRta patrapatrikAoM ke saMpAdana kA kArya viziSTa uddezya se calA thaa| kAMcIvaram ke prativAdibhayaMkara maTha ke adhipati anantAcArya ne apanI maMjubhASiNI nAmaka mAsika patrikA apane maTha kA matapracAra karane ke uddezya se calAI thii| madrAsa ke Ara. kRSNammAcArya kI sahRdayA kA uddezya paurasya evaM pAzcAtya vidyAoM kA samanvaya karanA thaa| ayodhyAvAsI kAlIprasAda tripAThI ne apanA saMskRtam sAptAhika "asyAmeva zatAbdayAM saMskRtaM rASTrabhASA bhavatu" isa dhyeya se prerita hokara pratikUla paristhiti meM claayaa| saMskRta kevala dhArmika vyavahAra kI hI bhASA nhiiN| usa bhASA meM adyayAvat laukika vyavahAra karane kI bhI kSamatA hai| yaha siddha karane kI mahattvAkAMkSA sabhI patrapatrikAoM ke saMpAdana ke pIche rahI aura prAyaH sabhI patrapatrikAoM ne saMskRta bhASA kI vaha zakti acchI prakAra se siddha kii| saMskRta eka akhila bhAratIya bhASA hone ke kAraNa, ina niyatakAlikoM kA kSetra saMpUrNa bhAratavarSa rhaa| bhArata ke sabhI pradezoM ke pramukha zaharoM se saMskRta patrapatrikAoM kA prakAzana huA yaha ullekhanIya hai|| dUsarI ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki Adhunika saMskRta sAhitya kA bahuta sArA utkRSTa aMza ina patrikAoM meM yathAvasAra prakAzita hotA gyaa| golDasmitha ke haramiTa kAvya kA anuvAda (ekAntavAsI yogI) paMDita jagannAthaprasAda ke saMsAracakra nAmaka hindI upanyAsa kA anuvAda, vAsiSThacaritam ityAdi graMtha kAMcIvaram kI maMjubhASiNI meM kramazaH prakAzita hue| sadhRdayA meM zeksapIyara ke kAvyoM ke anuvAda evaM suzIlA nAmaka upanyAsa prakAzita huaa| paM. aMbikAdatta vyAsa kA suprasiddha zivarAjavijaya, AppAzAstrI rAzivaDekara kI saMskRtacandrikA meM prakAzita huaa| vArANasI kI saMskRtabhAratI meM ravIndranAtha Taigora kI suprasiddha gItAMjalI kA saMskRta anuvAda prakAzita huaa| paM. vasanta gADagILa kI zAradApatrikA aura jayapura kI bhAratI meM zrI. bhA. varNekara kA 68 sargoM kA mahAkAvya zivarAjyodaya prakAzita huaa| prA, azoka akalUjakara kI AppAzAstrI sAhityasamIkSA, DaoN. ga. bA. paLasulekRta vivekAnaMdacarita ityAdi pacAsa se adhika pustakeM kramazaH tathA graMtharUpa meM vasaMta gADagILa kI zAradA meM prakAzita huii| sabhI zreSTha niyatakAlikoM meM yathAvasara prakAzita kathA, upanyAsa, khaMDakAvya, nATaka Adi kA yathocita saMkalana karanA aura unheM svataMtra graMtharUpa meM yA kozarUpa meM prakAzita karanA eka Avazyaka kArya hai| isa prakAra saMkalana abhI nahIM ho sakA to arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya kA bahuta sArA saMrakSaNIya aMza kAla ke karAla gAla meM grasta ho jaaegaa| Adhunika niyatakAlika vAGmaya ke kAraNa saMskRta gadya meM mahAna parivartana huA hai| prAcIna lekhakoM kI zliSTa evaM dIrgha samAsAdi ke kAraNa kliSTa lekhana zailI samApta hokara sarala subodha lekhana zailI pracAlita huI hai| purAne mudrita graMthoM meM saMdhiyukta mudraNa ke atireka se durvAcanIyatA doSa nirmANa huA hai| (jisa ke kAraNa saMskRta eka durbodha bhASA mAnI gaI thI) vaha niyatakAlika sAhityadvArA haTAyA gyaa| Adhunika yuga ke rAjakIya, sAmAjika, Arthika vyavahAroM meM evaM yAMtrika jIvana meM Avazyaka Azaya vyakta karane ke lie prAcIna saMskRta sAhityameM na milane vAle aneka navIna saMskRta zabdoM kA pracAra ina "niyatakAlikAoM ke dvArA sarvatra ho rahA hai| kucha patrikAoM meM prAdezika bhASAoM meM viziSTa artha meM rUDha hue saMskRta zabda 266 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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unhIM arthoM meM prayukta hote haiM, paraMtu aise kucha doSa kSamya mAne jA sakate haiN| saMskRta niyatakAlikoM kA isa pratikUla kAla meM bhI jo avyAhata prakAzana hotA AyA aura Aja bhI ho rahA hai usase isa bhASA para lAdA gayA mRtatva kA AkSepa anAyAsa khaMDita hotA hai| katipaya ullekhanIya patrapatrikAoM kI nAmAvalI pratazaH pariziSTa meM dI hai| saMskRta niyatakAlikoM kI yaha nAmAvalI pariziSTa (gha) meM nirdiSTa DaoN. rAmagopAla mizra ke saMskRta patrakAritA kA itihAsa nAmaka zodha prabaMdha para AdhArita hai| usa nAmAvalI ke atirikta bhI kucha aura nAma bhI jor3e gaye haiN| isa sUcI ke anusAra kalakattA se 17, vArANasI se 32, baMbaI se 11, madrAsa se 11, aura dillI se 5 patrikAoM kA prakAzana huaa| asama aura siMdha se isa kArya meM yogadAna nahIM huaa| saMskRta vAGmaya kI nidhi meM Adhunika kAla meM anuvAdita granthoM evaM niyatakAlikoM ke dvArA ullekhanIya yogadAna huA hai| saMskRta vAGmayetihAsa ke prAcIna kAlakhaMDa meM jina mahAn preSakAroM ne apanA vaiziSyapUrNa yogadAna paryApta mAtrA meM diyA una meM bahuta sAre pratibhAsaMpanna evaM pAMDityasampanna mahAnubhAvoM ke nAma sarvavidita hai durbhAgya kI bAta yaha hai ki ArvAcIna kAlakhaMDa meM jinhoMne isa sanAtana vAGmaya nidhi ko zrIvRddhi bharapUra mAtrA meM kI, aise granthakAroM ke nAma unake pradeza meM bhI prakhyAta nahIM ho skeN| aise aprasiddha paraMtu zreSTha graMthakAroM meM paMDitarAja jagannAtha ke samakAlIna, appayya dIkSita (104 graMthoM ke nirmAtA ) taMjaura ke nRpati raMghunAthanAyaka, unakI dharmapatnI rAmabhadrAmbA, aura maMtrI goviMda dIkSita, ralakheTa zrInivAsa dIkSita (abhinava bhavabhUti / ) taMjaura ke tukojI mahArAja kA maMtrI ghanazyAna kavi, kerala nivAsI nArAyaNa bhaTTapAda (bhaTTAtri), rAjasthAna ke samIkSAcakravartI madhusudanajI ojhA, (135 graMthoM ke lekhaka ), karnATaka ke vAsiSThagaNapati muni aura unake ziSya brahmazrI kapAlIzAstrI, mahArASTra ke vAsudevAnaMda sarasvatI, prajJAcukSa gulAbarAva mahArAja, appAzAstrI rAzivaDekara, baMgAla ke pa. hRSIkeza bhaTTAcArya, gaNanAtha sena, vArANasI ke gAgAbhaT kAzIkara, ityAdi aneka svanAmadhanya mahAnubhAvoM ne saMskRta ke zAstrIya evaM lAlityapUrNa vAGmaya kI paraMparA akhaMDita rakhI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 267

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saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa aMbAlAla purANI (prA.) - aravindAzrama ke saMskRta paNDita / kRti-yogirAja aravinda ke tattvajJAna kA sUtrarUpa saMgraha 'pUrNayoga suutraanni'| aMbikAdatta vyAsa (paM.) - I. 19 vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha gadya-lekhaka, kavi evaM nATakakAra / pitA-durgAdatta zAstrI (gaudd)| samaya 1858 se 1900 ii.| inake pUrvaja bhAnapura grAma (jayapura rAjya) ke nivAsI the kintu inake pitA vArANasI jAkara vahIM basa ge| vyAsajI, rAjakIya saMskata mahAvidyAlaya paTanA meN| adhyApaka the, aura ukta pada para jIvana paryanta rhe| inake dvArA praNIta grathoM kI saMkhyA 75 hai| inhoMne hindI aura saMskRta donoM bhASAoM meM samAna adhikAra ke sAtha racanAeM kI haiN| vyAsajI ne chatrapati zivAjI ke jIvana para 'zivarAja-vijayam' nAmaka gadyakAvya kI racanA kI hai, jo 'kAdaMbarI' kI zailI meM racita hai| inakA 'sAmavatam' nAmaka nATaka, 19 vIM zatI kA zreSTha nATaka mAnA jAtA hai| paMDita jitendriyAcArya dvArA saMzodhita 'zivarAjavijayam' kI, 6 AvRttiyAM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| kavi ambikAdatta apanI asAdhAraNa vidvattA tathA pratibhA ke kAraNa samakAlIna vidvanmaNDalI meM 'bhAratabhAskara', 'sAhityAcArya', 'vyAsa' Adi upAdhiyoM se bhUSita the| inheM 19 vIM sadI kA bANabhaTTa mAnA jAtA hai| zrI. vyAsa jIvanaparyanta sAhityArAdhanA meM lIna rahe / unakI pramukha kAvya-kRtiyAM : 1) gaNezazatakam, 2) zivavivAhaH (khaNDakAvya), 3) sahasranAmarAmAyaNam (isameM eka hajAra zloka haiN| yaha 1898 I. meM paTanA meM racA gyaa)| 4) puSpavarSA (kAvya), 5) upadezalatA (kAvya), 6) sAhityanalinI, 7) ratnASTakam (kathA)yaha hAsyarasa se pUrNa kathAsaMgraha hai| 8) kathAkusumam (kathAsaMgraha), 9) zivarAjavijayaH (upnyaas)| (1870 meM likhA gayA, kintu isakA prathama saMskaraNa 1901 I. meM prakAzita huA), .10) samasyApUrtayaH, kAvyakAdambinI (gvAliyara meM prakAzita) 11) sAmavatam (yaha nATaka, paTanA meM likhA gyaa| isakI preraNA mahArAja lakSmIzvarasiMha se prApta huI thii| yaha skandapurANa kI kathA para AdhArita hai tathA isameM chaha aMka haiM), 12) lalitA nATikA, 13) mUrtipUjA, 14) guptAzuddhidarzanam, 15) kSetra-kauzalam, 16) prastAradIpikA aura 17) saaNkhysaagrsudhaa| akabarI kAlidAsa - I. 16-17 vIM sdii| mUla nAma goviMda bhtttt| akabara ke zAsanakAla meM jina saMskRta paMDitoM ko udAra rAjAzraya milA, unhIM meM se eka haiN| vahIM 'akabarI kAlidAsa' yaha upAdhi milii| mahArAjA rAmacaMdra kA bhI Azraya inheM prApta thaa| apanI prazasti meM unhoMne svayaM likhA hai - anArAdhya kAlImanAsvAdya gaurImRte mantratantrAdvinA zabda-cauryAt / prabaMdhaM pragalbhaM prakartuM viriciprapaMce madanyaH kaviH ko'sti dhanyaH / (padyaveNI- 786) artha kAlI kI ArAdhanA, gaurI kA AsvAdana, maMtrataMtra evaM zabdacaurya ke bagaira pragalbha prabaMdha nirmANa karanA tathA pravacana karanA, isa kAmoM meM brahmA kI sRSTi meM mujhe chor3a kara aura kauna kavi hai? akalaMkadeva - I. 8 vIM sadI (digaMbarapaMthIya jaina trkaacaary| kavi-upAdhi praapt| aneka bauddha paMDitoM ke sAtha vAdavivAda kara dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina darzana kA bauddha mata ke prabhAva se rakSaNa kiyaa| gRdhrapicchaviracita tattvArthasUtra para tattvArthavArtika graMtha kI racanA dvArA, jaina siddhAnta para kiye jAne vAle vividha AkSepoM kA inhoMne nirAkaraNa kiyaa| saMmatabhadrakRta AptamImAMsAgraMtha para aSTazatI nAmaka svalpAkSara TippaNa prastuta kiyaa| pramANasaMgraha, nyAyavinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya evaM laghIyastraya ye cAra prakaraNa graMtha likha kara jaina pramANazAstra kI vyavasthita punarracanA kii| jJAnakoza-svarUpa ke graMtha likhane kI jo prathA vAcaspatimitra, udayana, zAMtarakSita Adi darzanakAroM ne prArambha kI, usakI preraNA akalaMkadeva ke graMtha se hI milii| rAmasvAmI ayyaMgAra ke anusAra kAMcI ke himazItala rAjA kI sabhA meM inhoMne bauddhoM kA parAbhava kiyaa| pariNAmataH bauddha dakSiNa se cale gye| ____ pAMDava-purANa meM eka daMtakathA hai-himazItala rAjA ke darabAra meM bauddha dArzanika ke sAtha akalaMkadeva kA vAdavivAda huA jisameM bauddha dArzanika kI hAra huii| vAdavivAda ke prAraMbha meM akalaMdeva ko saMdeha huA ki bauddha paMDita ke nikaTa jo pAtra hai, usameM koI mAyAvI putalI hai, jo apane svAmI ko jitAne meM sahAyaka ho rahI hai| akalaMdeva ne turaMta usa pAtra ko Thokara mArakara ulaTa diyaa| pariNAmataH bauddha dArzanika kI vAdavivAda meM parAjaya huii| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt dakSiNa meM bauddhoM kA prabhAva prAyaH samApta ho gyaa| darzanazAstrI hone para bhI akalaMkadeva kA hRdaya bhakta kA thaa| apane akalaMkastotra meM ve kahate haiM : trailokyaM sakalaM trikAlaviSaya sAlokamAlokitaM sAkSAyena yathA nije karatale rekhAtrayaM sAGguli / rAgadveSa-bhayAmayAntaka-jarA-lolatva-lAbhodayo nAlaM yatpadalaGghanAya sa mahAdevo mayA vNdyte|| 268 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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artha- jisane trikAla viSaya, sakala trailokya, ko hAtha kI aMguliyAM aura una para jo rekhAeM hai, unake samAna sAkSAt dekhA hai evaM rAga, dveSa, bhaya, roga, mRtyu, jarA, caMcalatA, lobha ye vikAra jisake pada kA ullaMghana karane meM asamartha haiM, usa mahAdeva (mahAvIra) ko maiM vaMdana karatA huuN| akAlajalada - mahArASTrIya kavicUDAmaNi rAjazekhara ke prapitAmaha / samaya I. 8-9 vIM shtii| unakI koI bhI racanA prApta nahIM hotI, para 'zAgadharapaddhati' prabhRti sUkti-saMgrahoM meM inakA 'bhekaiH koTarazAyimiH' - zloka milatA hai| usI prakAra rAjazekhara ke nATakoM meM inakA ullekha prApta hotA hai tathA unhIM kI 'sUkti-muktAvalI' meM inakI nimna prakAra prazasti kI gaI hai akAlajaladendoH sA hRdyA vcncndrikaa| nityaM kavicakorairyA pIyate na tu hiiyte|| akSapAda - samaya-san 150 ke AsapAsa / nyAyasUtra ke krtaa| ssoddsspdaarthvaadii| mAdhavAcArya ne sarvadarzana meM nyAyazAstra ko akSapAdadarzana hI kahA hai| padmapurANa evaM anya kucha purANoM meM kahA gayA hai ki nyAyazAstra gautama (athavA gotama) kI racanA hai| nyAyasUtra vRtti ke kartA vizvanAtha ne isa sUtra ko gautamasUtra kahA hai| saMbhavataH akSapAda aura gautama donoM ne ise likhA ho| ___ gautama mithilA ke to akSapAda kAThiyAvADa ke prabhAsa kSetra ke the| brahmAMDapurANa ke anusAra akSapAda ke pitA somazarmA evaM kaNAda the| gautama aura akSapAda eka hI hai aisA mAnA jAtA hai| eka daMtakathA batAI jAtI hai- vicAramagna gautama kue~ meM gire| kaThinAI se unheM bAhara nikAlA jA skaa| punaH aisI sthiti nahIM ho, isaliye unake pairoM meM hI AkheM nirmANa kI gii| akhaMDAnanda sarasvatI - zrImat zaMkarAcArya ke advaita-siddhAMta para 'tattvadIpana' nAmaka graMtha ke rcyitaa| akhilAnanda zarmA - Arya samAjI vidvaan| racanA- 'dayAnanda digvijaya' (21 sargoM kA mhaakaavy)| racanA kA uddeza jn-jaagRti| samaya- 20 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| aggala - mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustaka gaccha aura kundakundAnvaya ke vidvAna zrutakIrti vidyadeva ke shissy| pitA-zAntIza / maataapocmbikaa| janma-iMgelezvara grAma (dakSiNa) meN| rAja-parivAra dvArA smmaanit| samaya- 11 vIM zatI kA aMtima caraNa aura 12 vIM zatI kA praarNbh| racanA candraprabhapurANa (vi.saM. 1146) jisameM 16 AzvAsa haiN| acyuta nAyaka - samaya 1572-1614 ii.| raghunAtha nAyaka (1614-1633 I.) tathA vijaya rAghava nAyaka (1633-1673 I.) ke rAjaguru rhe| inake graMthoM ke saMrakSaNa hetu jo granthAlaya taMjaura meM banAyA gayA vahI Aja sarasvatI mahala ke nAma se sarvatra prasiddha hai| racanA- pArijAtaharaNa nAmaka 5 aMkoM kA naattk| acyuta zarmA- 'bhAgIrathIcaMpU' ke rcyitaa| pitaa-naaraaynn| mAtA-annapUrNA / inake caMpU-kAvya kA prakAzana, gopAla nArAyaNa kaMpanI se ho cukA hai| ajayapAla - I. 11 vIM shtii| 'nAnArthasaMgraha' nAmaka koza ke krtaa| ajitadeva sUri- candragacchIya mahezvara sUri ke shissy| samaya I. 16 vIM zatI / graMtha AcArAMgadIpikA nAmaka (zIlAMkAcAryakRta AcArAMgavivaraNa ke AdhAra para viracita ttiikaa)| ajitanAtha nyAyaratna (ma.ma.)- bNgaalii| 'baka-dUta' ke rcyitaa| 'ajitaprabhasUri-I. 13 vIM shtii| paurNasika gacchIya jainAcArya / guruparamparA-candrasUri, devasUri, tilakaprabha, vIraprabha, aura ajitaprabha / graMtha- (1) zAntinAthacarita (5000 zloka) aura (2) bhaavnaasaar| ajitasena (ajitasenAcArya) . I. 13 vIM shtii| dakSiNadezAntargata tuluva pradeza ke nivaasii| senagaNa porArigaccha ke muni| alaMkAra-zAstra ke vettaa| 1245 I. meM rAnI viTThalAmbA ke putra kAmarAya vaMganarendra prathama ke lie graMtha-nirmANa kA kArya kiyaa| graMtha-zRMgAramaMjarI aura alaMkAracintAmaNi (pAMca pariccheda) tathA ciMtAmaNi-prakAzikA nAmaka ttiikaa|| aNNArya (aNNayAcArya)- tattvaguNAdarza' nAmaka campU-kAvya ke prnnetaa| samaya 1675 I. se 1725 I. ke Asa-pAsa / pitA zrIzailavaMzIya zrIdAsa taataacaary| pitAmaha aNNayAcArya, jo zrIzaila-parivAra ke the| aNNArya kA yaha kAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai| isa kAvya meM aNNArya ne zaiva. va vaiSNava siddhAMtoM kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai| aNe, mAdhava zrIhari -lokanAyaka bApUjI aNe ke nAma se samUce bhArata meM vizeSataH mahArASTra meM prsiddh| janmadina di. 29 agasta 1880 / janmasthAna- mahArASTra ke yavatamAla jile kA vaNI nAmaka gaaNv| kRSNayajurveda kI taittirIya zAkhA ke telaMganAvAsI brAhmaNa parivAra meM janma lekara bhI Apane Rgveda kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| caMdrapura tathA nAgapura meM zikSA pUrNa hone ke pazcAt, yavatamAla meM vakAlata evaM sArvajanika kArya kA prAraMbha / lokamAnya tilaka ke agragaNya anuyAyI ke nAte, homarUla-AMdolana kA prasAra vizeSa utsAha se kiyaa| phira vakAlata kA tyAga kara, dezabaMdhu cittaraMjana dAsa ke svarAjya-pakSa kA pracArakArya vidarbha meM kiyaa| madanamohana mAlavIya, lAlA lAjapatarAya, paM. motIlAla neharU, mahAtmA gAMdhI, paM. javAharalAla neharU Adi netAoM ke sAtha Apane vividha prakAra ke rASTrIya kAryoM meM vidarbha ke netA ke nAte sahakArya kiyaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne jaba namaka-satyAgraha kA AMdolana zurU kiyA, taba zrI. aNe ne jaMgala-satyAgraha kA svataMtra AMdolana vidarbha meM chedd'aa| isa satyAgraha meM rASTrIya svayaMsevaka saMgha ke saMsthApaka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 269 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra DaoN. hegaDevArajI, zrI. aNe ke sahakArI satyAgrahI rahe / sana 1941 meM Apa vAisarAya kI zAsana pariSada ke sadasya cune gae the, para AgAkhA~ - pailesa meM gAMdhIjI ke upavAsa ke samaya Apane vaha ucca pada chor3a diyaa| san 1943 meM Apa zrIlaMkA meM bhArata sarakAra ke ejaMTa niyukta kie ge| svataMtratA ke pazcAt deza kI vidhAna nirmAtrI sabhA ke bhI Apa sadasya rahe / bAda meM lokasabhA ke bhI sadasya rahe / mahArASTra meM vidarbha ke pRthak rAjya kA AMdolana bhI Apane khar3A kiyA thaa| sana 1951 meM Apa dIrgha kAla taka puNe meM asvastha rhe| zarIra kI usa atyaMta vikala avasthA meM, zarIra plaistara meM par3A hote hue bhI, antaHkaraNa kI zAMti ke lie Apane apane pUjya gurudeva zrI. lokamAnya tilaka kA saMskRta padyAtmaka caritra likhane kA saMkalpa kiyA aura pAMca-chaha varSoM meM apanA 'tilaka - yazorNavaH' nAmaka padyamaya tilaka caritra pUrNa kiyA / san 1960 meM ApakA dehAMta hone ke pazcAt san 1962 meM isa graMtha ko sAhitya akAdamI kA puraskAra diyA gyaa| padmavibhUSaNa upAdhi bhArata sarakAra kI ora se vibhUSita / rASTrIya AMdolanoM meM agrasara rahate hue bhI saMskRta pAMDitya kA rakSaNa karate hue saMskRta meM mahattvapUrNa graMtha kA nirmANa karanA, bApUjI aNe kI vizeSatA thI vidarbha pradeza ke prAyaH sabhI rAjakIya, dhArmika, sAhityika, zaikSaNika kAryoM ko ApakA saMpUrNa sahakArya milatA rhaa| bApUjI aNe kA avAMtara marAThI-aMgrejI lekhana, 'akSaramAdhava' nAmaka graMtha meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| atirAtrayAjI tripura- vijayacampU' nAmaka kAvya ke racayitA / 'nIlakaMTha-vijayacaMpU' ke racayitA nIlakaMTha dIkSita ke sahodara bhrAtA / samaya 17 vIM zatI kA mdhy| inakA caMpU-kAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai| www.kobatirth.org - - atri Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke 37, 43 evaM 76-77 veM sUkta inake nAma se haiN| isa maMDala ke anya sUkta inake gotraja RSiyoM ke dRSTa haiN| janmakathA isa bhAMti hai prajApati ne sAdhyadevoM sahita trisaMvatsara nAmaka eka satra AraMbha kiyaa| usameM vAgdevI prakaTa huii| use dekha prajApati aura varuNa kA mana vicalita huaa| donoM kA vIrya patana huaa| vAyu ne use agni meM ddaalaa| usa agnijvAlA se bhRga, aura aMgAroM se aMgirA RSi kA janma huaa| ina do suMdara baccoM ko dekha kara vAgdevI ne prajApati se kahA- "ina donoM ke samAna tIsarA putra Apa mujheM de|" prajApati ne svIkAra kiyA, aura pratisUrya hI jise kahA jAya aisA putra nirmANa kiyA / vahI the atri (bRhad devatA - 9, 101 ) / dUsarI kathA svAyaMbhuva manvaMtara meM brahmA ke netra se inakA janma huaa| brahmA ke dasa mAnasaputroM meM se ek| kardama prajApati kI anasUyA nAmaka kanyA inakI patnI thii| inhoMne 270 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir catUrAtra nAmaka yAga prAraMbha kiyA ( tai.sN.7.1.8)| kisI kAraNa kArAvAsa bhI bhoganA pdd'aa| agni se azvinI kI kRpA se baca pAye (R. 1.118.7) / sUryagrahaNa saMbaMdhI jJAna prathamataH inheM hI huA isI kAraNa grasta sUrya ko atri hI vApasa lAte haiM, yaha dhAraNA banI (R.5.40.5.9.) / atrikula ke puruSa, kavi the aura yoddhA bhI / atri kA parjanyasUkta ojasvI hai R. 83 eka sthAna para unhoMne kahA hai visamaNaM kRNuhi vittameSAM ye bhuJjate apRNanto na uktheH / apavratAn pravase vAvRdhAnAn brahmadviSaH sUryAd yAvayasva / / (R.5.42.9.) artha- jo loga stotra gAkara peTa bharate haiM para kaur3I kA bhI dAnadharma nahIM karate, devatAoM ko saMtuSTa nahIM karate, unakA dhana kSaNa bhara bhI Tikane na do| usI bhAMti sanmArga se bhraSTa, bharapUra bAlabacce hone se masta, dharma kA (zana kA) dveSa karane vAle jo duSTa hoMge, unhe sUryaprakAza se aMdhakAra meM gADa do| atri saptarSiyoM meM se eka haiN| ve atyaMta karmaniSTha evaM tejasvI the| unheM unnIsaveM dvAparayuga kA vyAsa kahA jAtA hai| anasUyA se datta, durvAsa, soma aura aryamA nAmaka cAra putra evaM amalA nAmaka eka kanyA unheM huii| dAzarathI rAma jaba vanavAsa meM the, taba inake Azrama meM bhI gaye the| isa daMpatI ne unakA svAgata kiyaa| vahAM se agalA mArga (rAma-lakSmaNa ko) atri ne hI dikhAyA (vA.rA. 2-117 119 ) / atrisaMhitA evaM atrismRti nAmaka do graMtha inake nAma para haiN| manu ne atyaMta gaurava ke sAtha inakA mata svIkAra kiyA hai ( 3.16) / atrisaMhitA meM 9 adhyAya haiN| yoga, japa, karma vipAka, prAyazcita Adi kA vicAra unameM kiyA gayA hai| ve sUtrakAra bhI hai| adhIrakumAra sarakAra- I. 20 vIM zatI / 'pAzupata' nAmaka (ekAMkI) tathA 'kacadevayAnI' nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| pa. baMgAla meM medinIpura ke nivAsI / anantakIrti- anantakIrti nAma ke aneka vidvAna hue haiN| ye haiM- 'prAmANyabhaMga' ke racayitA aura 'siddhiprakaraNa' tathA sarvajJasiddhi ke kartA (I. 8-9 vIM shtii)| ye racanAeM bRhat vAdirAja dvArA ullikhita haiN| vidyAnaMda nAmaka vidvAna inake samakAlIna the / anaMtadeva- I. 13 vIM sdii| bhAskarAcArya ke vaMza ke eka jyotiSI 'mahAgupta-siddhAnta' ke bIsaveM adhyAya aura bRhajjAtaka para inhoMne TIkAe~ likhI hai| / anantadeva - I. 16 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / guru- rAmatIrtha / kRtiyAM (1) manonuraMjana athavA haribhakti (nATaka) aura (2) zrIkRSNabhakticandrikA, jo viSNubhakti evaM zRMgAra rasapradhAna racanA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only

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anaMtadeva- I. 17 vIM shtii| paiThana (mahArASTra) ke ekanAtha mahArAja ke bAda cauthe puruss| pitA kA nAma aapdev| Apadeva ne 'mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza' nAmaka graMtha likhA hai| mImAMsAzAstra kA adhyayana isa parivAra meM paraMparA se cala rahA thaa| inake AzrayadAtA, alamoDA evaM nainItAla ke candravaMzIya zAsaka bAjabahAdura the (17 vIM sdii)| unhIMkI preraNA se anaMtadeva ne 'rAjadharmakaustubha' nAmaka graMtha likhA"bAjabahAduracaMdra-bhUpatestasyabhUriyazase prtnyte| rAjadharmaviSaye'tra kaustubhe'nekapaddhatiyuto'rtha-dIdhitiH / / " inhoMne rAja-dharma ke pUrvasvIkRta siddhAntoM kA samAveza karate hue, apane isa graMtha kI racanA kI hai| anantadeva kI anya racanAeM haiM- sainika zAstra tathA trivrnnik-dhrm| inakA racanA-kAla 1662 I. ke AsapAsa hai| ___ bhArata ke sarvocca nyAyalaya ne inake 'smRtikaustubha' nAmaka graMtha ko pramANabhUta mAnA hai| dattaka vidhAna para isameM ullekha hai| saMskArakaustubha, agnihotra-prayoga Adi graMtha bhI inhoMne likhe haiN| ye kRSNabhakticaMdrikA nAmaka nATaka ke bhI praNetA haiN| anantanArAyaNa- bRhadammA tathA mRtyuMjaya ke putra / rcnaa-'sraaphojiicritm'| 'paMcaratnakavi' kI upAdhi praapt| I. 19 vIM shtii| anantanArAyaNa- I. 18 vIM shtii| ye pANDya-pradezIya the| inheM keralanareza mAnavikrama tathA tricUranareza rAmavarmA dvArA sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| inakA 'zRMgArasarvasva' nAmaka bhANa prasiddha hai| anaMtabhaTTa- 'bhAratacaMpU' tathA 'bhAgavatacaMpU' ke rciytaa| samaya ajnyaat| kahA jAtA hai ki bhAgavatacaMpU' ke praNetA abhinava kAlidAsa kI pratispardhA ke kAraNa hI inhoMne ukta do caMpU-kAvyoM kA praNayana kiyA thaa| isa dRSTi se inakA samaya 11 vIM zatI hai| 'bhAratacaMpU' para mAnavadeva kI TIkA prasiddha hai, jisakA samaya 16 vIM zatI hai| pa. rAmacaMdra mizra kI hindI TIkA ke sAtha 'bhAratacaMpU' kA prakAzana, caukhaMbA vidyAbhavana se 1957 I. meM ho cukA hai| anantavIrya (bRhad anantavIrya)- anantavIrya nAma ke aneka vidvAna hue haiN| unameM se hummavaMzI paMcavastivartI prAMgaNa ke pASANa-lekha meM (I.1077) akalaMka-sUtra ke vRttikartA ke rUpa meM inakA nAmollekha hai| ye draviDasaMgha ke AcArya-graMthakAra rahe haiN| ye vAdirAja ke dAdAguru aura zrIpAla ke sadharmA the| samaya I. 10-11 vIM shtii| ravibhadra ke shissy| racanAeM siddhivinizcaya-TIkA aura pramANa-saMgraha-bhASya yA pramANasaMgrahAlaMkAra (dArzanika grNth)| maNipravAla kI taraha inakI gadya-padyamaya railI caMpUkAvya jaisI hai| akalaMka ke siddhivinizciya kI TIkA karate samaya inhoMne prakaraNagata artha ko svaracita zlokoM meM vyakta kiyA hai| anaMtavIrya- samaya lagabhaga 11 vIM sdii| jainadharmI digaMbarapaMthI __ aacaary| inhoMne parIkSAmukha nAmaka graMtha para prameyaratnamAlA evaM akalaMka ke graMtha para nyAyavinizcayavRtti nAmaka TIkAeM likhI haiN| anantAcArya- 'prapannAmRtam' kAvya ke rcyitaa| isameM dakSiNa bhArata ke alavAra-saMpradAya ke katipaya sAdhuoM kA caritra graMthita hai| anantAcArya- maisUra rAjya ke udyendrpur-nivaasii| inhoMne 'yAdava-rAghavapANDavIyam' nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kii| bhagavAna kRSNa, rAma, tathA pAMDavacaritra viSayaka tIna arthoM kI sabhaMga aura abhaMga zleSadvArA abhivyakti yaha isa kAvya kI anokhI vizeSatA hai| anaMtAcArya (anaMta) - samaya - I. 18 vIM shtii| kANvavaMzIya brAhmaNa pNddit| kANvasaMhitA (zukla yajurveda) kA bhASya (bhAvArthadIpikA) inakI pramukha racanA hai| inake anya graMtha haiM- (1) zatapathabrAhmaNa bhaassy| isake 13 veM arthAt aSTAdhyAyIkANDa ke bhASya kA eka lekha madrAsa meM hai| (2) knnvknntthaabhrnn| isake hastalekha bhI madrAsa meM haiN| (3) padArtha-prakAza nAmaka yAjuSa prAtizAkhya-bhASya aura (4) bhaassik-suutr-bhaassy| ina kRtiyoM meM se kANva-saMhitA ke uttarArdha para viracita bhASya-graMtha meM anantAcArya kA mAtR-pitRnAma, nivAsa-sthAna ityAdi viSayaka kucha jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| tadanusAra pitA nAgadeva yA nAgeza bhtttt| mAtA-bhAgIrathI aura ve kAzI meM rahate the| anaMtAcAryajI svayaM ko prathama zAstrIya kahate haiN| kANva-saMhitA ke kevala uttarArdha para bhASya-racanA karane kA kAraNa yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki kevala pUrvArdha para hI sAyaNAcAryajI kA bhASya upalabdha hai, uttarArdha para nhiiN| kintu hAla kI meM saMpUrNa kANvasaMhitA para sAyaNAcAryajI kI bhASyaracanA upalabdha hone kA dAvA kucha abhyAsakoM ne kiyA aura tadnusAra graMtha prakAzita bhI huA hai| isase yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki anantAcAryajI ko kANvasaMhitA kA sAyaNAcAryaviracita samagra bhASya upalabdha nahIM thaa| anantAcAryajI kI bhASya-racanA para mahIdharAcAryajI (mAdhyandinasaMhitA ke bhASyakAra) kA prabhAva hai| zrauta artha ke atirikta kaI mantroM meM anantAcAryajI ne paurANika artha dikhAyA hai| inhoMne brAhmaNa-graMtha kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA thaa| saMbhavataH ve mAdhva-saMpradAya ke the| anantAcArya- samaya- 1874-1942 I. / zrI. rAmAnuja sampradAya ke prakANDa paNDita, mahAna dArzanika tathA dharmapracAraka the| ve kAMcIvarastha prativadi-bhayaMkara maTha ke adhipati the| inhoMne apane mata ke pracArArtha 'maMjubhASiNI' nAmaka patrikA kA aneka varSoM taka sampAdana aura bhArata-bhramaNa kiyaa| 'saMsAracaritam' aura 'vAlmIki-bhAvapradIpa', inakI zreSTha racanAe~ haiN| inakI anya racanAeM haiM- vAsiSThacaritam tathA ekAMtavAsI yogI( aMgrejI kAvya (haramiTa) kA anuvaad)| ED saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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anaMtArya - I. 16 vIM sdii| karnATaka meM melakoTe meM nivAsa / inhoMne jJAnayAthArthyAvAda, pratijJAvAdArtha, brahmalakSaNanirUpaNa Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| 1 anantAlvAra- inhoMne rAmazAstrI ke zatakoTi kA khaNDana karane hetu nyAyabhAskara kI racanA kii| isakA khaMDana rAjazAstrIgala ne apane 'nyAyenduzekhara' meM karate hue zaivAdvaita mata kI sthApanA kii| anAdi mizra - I. 18 vIM zatI / bhAradvAja gotrIya khaMDapArA (utkala) ke rAjA nArAyaNa maMgapArA dvArA sammAnita / Apa adhyApana bhI karate the pitA zataMjIva (muditamAdhava gItikAvya ke kartA) / pitAmaha - mukund| inake eka pUrvaja divAkara kavicandra rAya ne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI, jinameM 'prabhAvatI' nATaka suvikhyAta hai| kRtiyAM maNimAlA (nATikA), rAsasaMgoSThI (saMgIta) aura kelikallolinI (kAvya) / anubhUtisvarUpAcArya- eka prakANDa vaiyaakrnn| inhoMne 'sArasvataprakriyA', 'AkhyAtaprakriyA' aura 'dhAtupATha' nAmaka graMthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| kahate haiM- inheM sAkSAt devI sarasvatI se vyAkaraNa kA jJAna prApta huA thaa| apane vyAkaraNa-graMthoM kA prasAra karane hetu ve vivdanmaNDalI meM bhASaNa dete the tathA apanA nayA vyAkaraNa prastuta karate the / 1 eka samaya bhASaNa karate samaya ve galata prayoga kara baitthe| taba vidvanmaNDalI ne parihAsa ke sAtha usa prayoga kA AdhAra batAne ke liye khaa| AcArya pramAda kara cuke the| ataH AdhAra batAne meM svayaM ko asamartha pAkara, 'kala batAUMgA' aisA AzvAsana diyaa| bAda meM sarasvatI mandira meM jAkara unhoMne devI kI prArthanA kii| unakI ArAdhanA se prasanna hokara devI ne unakA mArgadarzana kiyaa| dUsare dina vidvanmaNDalI meM unhoMne apanA uttara btaayaa| unake batAe samAdhAna se saba prasanna hue| annaMbhaTTa I. 17 vIM sadI kA uttarArdha / 'tarkasaMgraha' nAmaka . eka atyaMta lokapriya graMtha ke racayitA / janma- telaMgaNA ke garikapAda grAma meM pitA- tirumalAcArya, jinakI upAdhi advaitavidyAcArya kI thii| annaMbhaTTa ne kAzI meM jAkara vidyAdhyayana kiyA thA inhoMne aneka dArzanika graMthoM kI TIkAeM likhI haiM, para inakI prasiddhi 'tarkasaMgraha' ke kAraNa hI hai jisakI 'dIpikA' nAmaka TIkA bhI inhoMne likhI hai| inake anya TIkA- graMthoM ke nAma haiM- rANakojjIvanI (nyAyasudhA kI vizada TIkA), brahmasUtravyAkhyA, aSTAdhyAyI TIkA, udyotana (kaipaTapradIpa para vyAkhyAna graMtha) aura siddhAnta, jo nyAyazAstrIya graMtha arthA jayadeva viracita 'manyAloka' kI TIkA hai| inake 'tarkasaMgraha' para 25 TIkAeM tathA dIpikA' para 10 vyAkhyAna prApta hote haiN| inameM govardhana mizra kRta 'nyAyabodhinI', zrIkRSNa dhUrjaTa dIkSita-racita 'sidhdAMta caMdrodaya, caMdrajasiMhakRta 'padakRtya' tathA nIlakaMTha dIkSita racita 'nIlakaMTha' prabhuti TIkAeM atyaMta prasiddha haiN| 272 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir annadAcaraNa ThAkura tarkacUDAmaNi- janma san 1862 meM somapArA grAma (baMgAla), jilA noAkhAlI meM huA thA / kalakattA aura vArANasI meM inhoMne adhyayana kiyaa| kAzI ke vidvat samAja ne inheM tarkacUDAmaNi kI upAdhi pradAna kii| ye mImAMsA, sAMkhya aura yoga ke jJAtA the| kucha kAla ke liye ye banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM prAdhyApaka rhe| Apane 'suprabhAtam' nAmaka eka patrikA kA bhI kuzala saMpAdana kiyA / Apa aneka sarasa laghugItoM ke praNetA the| ApakI ullekhanIya racanAeM isa prakAra haiM: praNati, prArthanA, AzA, zizuhAsya, vanavihaMgaH, nidrA, tadatItaM, kalpanA Adi laghugIta, rAmAbhyudayam aura mahAprasthAnam (donoM mahAkAvya), RtucitraM aura kAvyacandrikA (kAvyazAstra se saMbaMdhita racanAeM ) kimeSa bhedaH (sAmAjika racanA ), tattvasudhA nAmaka sAMkhyakArikA kI TIkA, nyAyasudhA aura vaizeSikasudhA atraiyAcArya Apane apane 'rAmAnujavijayam' nAmaka kAvya meM rAmAnujAcArya kA caritra prathita kiyA hai| aparAjita sUri- aparanAma zrI vijaya yA vijayAcArya / yApanIya saMgha ke jaina AcArya candranandi mahAkarma prakRtyAcArya ke praziSya aura baladeva sUri ke ziSya / samaya I. 9 vIM zatAbdI / racanAeM - zivArya kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA para vijayodayA nAmaka bRhat TIkA tathA dazavaikAlika sUtra para TIkA / appaya dIkSita I. 17-18 vIM zatI / draviDa brAhmaNa / pitA nArAyaNa dIkSita / bAraha varSa kI Ayu meM pitA ke pAsa adhyayana pUrNa / pitA va pitAmaha advaitI hone se Apane advaita mata kA prasAra kiyA, aura zrIzaMkArAcArya kI advaita-paraMparA ke sarvazreSTha AcArya bane / zaiva hone para bhI appaya anAgrahI the I murArau ca purArau ca na bhedaH pAramArthikaH / tathApi mAmakI bhakticandra prdhaavti|| artha- viSNu va ziva meM paramArthataH bheda nahIM, para merI bhakti caMdrazekhara ziva ke prati hI hai| zaiva-siddhAnta kI sthApanA hetu Apane zivArka-maNidIpikA, zivatattvaviveka, zivakarNAmRta Adi graMthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| zAMkarasiddhAnta meM vAcaspati mizra, rAmAnujamata meM sudarzana evaM mAdhvamata meM jayatIrtha kA jo sthAna hai, vahI sthAna zrIkaMTha saMmpradAya meM, 'zivArka-maNidIpikA' kI racanA ke kAraNa appaya dIkSita kA mAnA jAtA hai| kuvalayAnaMda, citramImAMsA Adi sAhityika graMthoM ke kartA appaya dIkSita, kaTTara zivabhakta the| eka samaya ve anavadhAna se viSNu maMdira meM ge| vahAM viSNu mUrti ke sammukha hI unhoMne zivArAdhanA zurU kii| zivabhakti meM ve itane tallIna ho gae ki viSNumUrti zivaliMga meM parivartita ho gii| darzanArthI logoM ne yaha camatkAra dekhA tathA unheM btaayaa| taba unheM satya pratIta huaa| phira unhoMne viSNustuti prAraMbha kI tathA usameM lIna ho For Private and Personal Use Only

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ge| taba thor3e hI samaya meM maMdira meM phira viSNumUrti virAjamAna huI dikhAI dii| darzanArthI loga yaha dekha bar3e Azcaryacakita hue tathA appaya dIkSita ke prati unake mana meM Adara kI vRddhi huii| prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa, dArzanika evaM kAvyazAstrI appaya dIkSita, saMskRta ke sarvataMtrasvataMtra vidvAna ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| inhoMne vividha viSayoM para 104 graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| ye dakSiNa bhArata ke nivAsI tathA taMjaura ke rAjA zAhajI bhosale ke sabhA-paMDita the| inake dvArA racita pramukha graMthoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai- (1) advaita vedAMta viSayaka 6 graMtha, (2) bhaktiviSayaka 26 graMtha, (3) rAmAnuja-mata-viSayaka 5 graMtha, (4) madhvasiddhAMtAnusArI 2 graMtha, (5) vyAkaraNasaMbaMdhI graMtha-nakSatravAdAvalI, (6) pUrvamImAMsAzAstrasaMbaMdhI 2 graMtha, (7) alaMkAra-zAstra viSayaka 3 graMtha-vRttivArtika, citramImAMsA tathA kuvlyaanNd| inameM se prathama do graMtha adhUre raha ge| tIsarA graMtha 'kuvalayAnaMda', appaya dIkSita kI alaMkAraviSayaka atyaMta lokapriya racanA hai| isameM zatAdhika alaMkAroM kA nirUpaNa hai| ina graMthoM ke atirikta inake nAma se prAkRtamaNidIpa aura vasumatIcitrasenIya nAmaka do nATaka bhI haiN| appaya ke guNoM para lubdha hokara, caMdragiri (AMdhra) ke rAjA veMkaTapati rAyalu ne unake parivAra evaM vidyArthiyoM ke liye agrahAra diyA thaa| dakSiNa kI aneka rAjasabhAoM meM bhI unheM bidAgI evaM mAnasammAna prApta hotA rhaa| Apane kAverI ke kinAre aneka yajJa kiye| kAzI meM vAstavya kiyaa| vahIM para paMDitarAja jagannAtha se bheMTa huii| jagannAtha paMDita ne inakI 'citramImAMsA' kA khaMDana kiyA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se ve nirguNabrahmavAdI the para usa brahma kI upalabdhi ke liye sAdhana ke rUpa meM unhoMne saguNopAsanA svIkAra kii| appaya dIkSita ke samaya ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| appayyAcArya- mRtyu- I. 1901 meN| racanA-'anubhavAmRtam' jisameM sAMkhya, yoga tathA vedAnta kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| appA tulasI (kAzInAtha)- racanAeM- saMgItasudhAkara, abhinavatAlamaMjarI aura rAgakalpadrumAMkura (I. 1914) / tInoM graMtha saMgItazAstra paraka haiN| apyA dIkSita - (apara nAma apyA zAstrI athavA periya appaashaastrii)| taMjaura ke nikaTa kilayUra agrahAra ke nivaasii| kavitArkika-sArvabhauma kI upAdhi se maNDita / taMjauranareza zAhajI (1684-1711 I.) se samAzrayaprApta kvi| pitA-cidambarezvara dIkSita, jinhoMne kAmadeva nAmaka vidvAn ko zAstrArtha meM jItane ke kAraNa, taMjaura nareza se svarNa-zibikA aura erakaraNa kA agrahAra pAyA thaa| guru-kRSNAnanda dezika, pillezAstrI aura udayamUrti / racanAeM:- zRMgAramaMjarI-zAharAjIya, madanabhUSaNa (bhANa), gaurImAyUra (campU) aura AcAra-navanIta / abhayacandra (siddhAMtacakravartI)- mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha, kundakundAnvaya kI iMgelezvara zAkhA ke zrIsamudAya meM hue mAghanaMdi bhaTTAraka ke ziSya / bAlacaMndra paNDitadeva ke zrutaguru / samaya-I. 14 vIM shtii| krnaattkvaasii| graMtha-gommaTTasAra jIvakANDa kI mandaprabodhikA TIkA tathA karmaprakRti (gdy)| isa para abhayacandra ke ziSya kezava ne TIkA likhI hai| abhayadeva - I. 13 vIM zatI ke eka jaina kvi| inhoMne 19 sargoM meM 'jayaMtavijaya' nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| isa mahAkAvya meM magadha-nareza jayaMta kI vijaya-gAthA,2,000 zlokoM meM varNita hai| abhayadeva sUri- dhAranivAsI seTha dhanadeva ke putra / prArambha meM caityavAsI, para bAda meM suvihita mArgI vardhamAna sUri ke praziSya aura jinezvara sUri ke shissy| pATana meM svargavAsa (vi.saM. 1135) / samaya-vi. kI 11-12 vIM shtii| graMtha- (1) sthAnAMgavRtti (vi.saM.1120) droNAcArya ke sahayoga se, 14,250 zloka prmaann| (2) samavAyAMgavRtti (vi.saM. 1120) anahilapATana meM samApta, 3,575 zloka prmaann| (3) vyAkhyAprajJAvRtti (vi.saM. 1128) 18,616 zloka pramANa / (4) jJAtAdharmakathAviviraNa (vi.saM.1120)- 3800 zloka pramANa / (5) upAsakadazAMgavRtti, (6) aMtakRddazAvRtti, (7) anuttaropapAtikadazAvRtti, (8) praznavyAkaraNavRtti, (9) vipAkavRtti aura (10) auppaatikvRtti| ye sabhI vRttiyAM zabdArthapradhAna haiN| kahIM-kahIM prAkRta udhdaraNa bhI haiN| sAMskRtika sAmagrI se sabhI otaprota haiN| abhayapaNDita- I. 17 vIM shtii| guru-somsen| jainpNthii| graMtha- 'rvivrtkkss| abhinaMda- 'rAmacarita' nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| samaya I. 9 vIM zatAbdI kA mdhy| pitA-zatAnaMda; ve bhI kavi the| inhoMne apane AzrayadAtA kA nAma zrIhAravarSa likhA hai| 'rAmacarita' mahAkAvya meM kiSkiMdhAkAMDa se lekara yuddhakAMDa taka kI kathA 36 sargoM meM varNita kI gaI hai| yaha graMtha adhUrA hai| isakI pUrti ke liye do pariziSTa (4-4 soM ke) hai| inameM se prathama pariziSTa ke racayitA svayaM abhinaMda haiN| dvitIya pariziSTa kisI 'kAyasthakulatilaka' bhIma kavi kI racanA hai| anya kRtiyAM-bhImaparAkrama (nATaka) aura yogvaasisstth-sNkssep| abhinaMdana - 'gauDa abhinaMda' ke nAma se vikhyAta kAzmIrI paMDita / samaya- I. 10 vIM shtii| inhoMne 'kAdaMbarIsAra' nAmaka 10 sargoM kA eka mahAkAvya likhA hai| pitA-prasiddha naiyAyika jayaMta bhaTTa / 'kAdaMbarIsAra' meM anuSTup chaMda meM 'kAdaMbarI' kI kathA saMguMphita kI gaI hai| kSemendra ne inake anuSTap chaMda kI prazaMsA kI hai| 'kAdaMbarIsAra' kA prakAzana, kAvyamAlA saMkhyA 11 meM muMbaI se ho cukA hai| abhinaMda dvArA praNIta eka aura graMtha hai- 'yogvaasisstthsaar'| abhinava kAlidAsa- uttarI pentAra ke kinAre sthita vidyAnagara 18 saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 273 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ke rAjA rAjazekhara ke raajkvi| samaya 11 vIM shtaabdii| (taMtrazAstra kA graMtha), 3. mAlinIvijayavArtika (mAlinIvijayataMtra inake dvArA racita do caMpU-kAvya upalabdha hote haiM- (1) nAmaka graMtha kA vArtika), 4. taMtrAloka (taMtrazAstra kA Akara bhAgavatacaMpU tathA (2) abhinvbhaartcNpuu| bhAgavatacaMpU kA graMtha) 5-6. taMtrasAra, taMtravaTadhAnikA, 7-8. dhvanyAlokalocana prakAzana gopAla nArAyaNa kaMpanI, buka-selarsa, kAlabAdevI, va abhinava-bhAratI (dhvanyAloka' va bharata-nATya-zAstra kI muMbaI, se 1929 I. meM huA hai| dvitIya graMtha abhI taka TIkAeM), 9. bhagavadgItArthasaMgraha (gItA kI vyAkhyA), 10. aprakAzita hai| inakI kavitA meM uttAna zrRMgAra kA bAhulya hai paramArthasAra (105 zlokoM kA zaivAgama-graMtha) aura 11. tathA inake zrRMgAra-varNana para rAja-darabAra kI vilAsitA kA pratyabhijJAvimarzinI (utpalAcAryakRta IzvarapratyabhijJAsUtra kI TIkA / pUrNa prabhAva hai| yaha graMtha 4 hajAra zlokoM kA hai)| jayaratha ne 'taMtrAloka' abhinavagupta - bharata kRta nATyazAstra ke praNayana ke pazcAt para 'viveka' nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI hai| zatAbdiyoM taka isa viSaya para jo cintana huA, vaha lekhabaddha abhinavagupta ke prakAzita ukta 11 va zeSa 39 aprakAzita rUpa meM prAyaH anupalabdha hai| kavi tathA nATakakAra vyavahAra graMthoM ko 3 vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai- dArzanika, meM nATyasiddhAntoM kA anusaraNa karate rahe tathA prasaMgavaza kisI sAhityika aura taaNtrik| inakI lekhana-sAdhanA kI avadhi, zAstrIya viSaya para abhimata bhI prakaTa karate rhe| isa 980 I. se lekara 1020 I. taka siddha hotI hai| Apa cintana-paramparA kA paricaya, AcArya abhinavagupta kii| uccakoTi ke kavi, mahAn dArzanika evaM sAhitya-samIkSaka haiN| 'abhinavabhAratI' nAmaka nATyazAstra kI TIkA se milatA hai| inhoMne rasa ko kAvya meM pramukha sthAna dekara usakI mahattA apane viSayagata maulika vivecana ke kAraNa, unake dvArA vyAkhyAta pratipAdita kI hai| inakA rasaviSayaka siddhAnta, 'abhivyaktivAda' tathA nirNIta siddhAntoM ko pramANabhUta samajhA jAtA hai| nATya kahA jAtA hai jo manovaijJAnika bhitti para AdhArita hai| inhoMne tathA kAvyazAstra ke paravartI ciMtaka inake RNI haiN| AcArya vyaMga-rasa ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnA hai| abhinavagupta, kAzmIrIya abhinavagupta kA samaya 950 I. se 1030 I. hai| pratyabhijJArzana ke mahAn AcArya haiN| apane 'pratyabhijJAvimarzinI' inakA vaMza ziva-bhakti ke lie prasiddha thaa| ve nAmaka graMtha meM, inhoMne apane vaMza kA varNana kiyA hai| zaiva-pratyabhijJAdarzana ke siddha tathA mAnya AcArya the| unakA zaMkarAcArya se unakA vAdavivAda huA, tathA AcArya dvArA harAye sArA ciMtana isI darzana se prabhAvita hai| ve nATyazAstra ke 36 gae guptajI unake ziSya hue aisI bhI eka kathA pracalita hai adhyAyoM kI saMgati, zaiva darzana ke 36 tattvoM se biThalAte para unakA ziSyatva UparI dikhAvA mAtra thaa| hRdaya meM ve haiN| unakI adhikAMza racanAeM ukta darzana kI vividha zAkhAoM AcArya se baDe aprasanna the, tathA apanI hAra kA badalA lenA para haiN| sAhityazAstra ke kSetra meM dhvanyAlokalocana tathA cAhate the| taba jAraNamAraNAdi upAya se unhoMne zaMkarAcArya ko abhinavabhAratI nAmaka do TIkA-graMthoM ke AdhAra para hI ve bhagaMdara se pIDita kiyA, AcArya bar3e trasta hue| roga ne haTane AcArya-pada para abhiSikta hue| ve prAcIna paramparA ko usake kA nAma nahIM liyaa| saba ziSyagaNa bhI duHkhita hue| anta mUlabhUta pramANita rUpa meM jAnate the, jaba ki paravartI AcArya meM indra dvArA prerita azvinIkumAra prakaTa hue, tathA unhoMne isa ina paraMparAoM kA adhikAMza abhinavagupta ke uddharaNoM se jAnate roga kA bheda btlaayaa| AcArya ke ziSyoM ne devavaidyoM dvArA hai| nATya ke prANabhUta tattva 'rasa' ke pAraMpArika vivecana kI batAe hue mAMtrika upAya se roga httaayaa| roga ke dUra hote samIkSA ke uparAnta abhinavagupta ne hI isake tAttvika svarUpa hI abhinavagupta kI tatkAla mRtyu ho gii| ko spaSTatApUrvaka udghATita tathA pratiSThita kiyaa| abhinava cArukIrti paNDitAcArya- dezIgaNa ke jaina AcArya / AcArya abhinava gupta ke kathana se jJAta hotA hai ki belugulupura ke nivaasii| naiyAyika aura taarkik| iMgulezvara bali inake pUrvaja aMtarveda (doAba) ke nivAsI the, kiMtu bAda meM ke aacaary| zravaNabelagola paTTa para AsIna / janma-dakSiNa kAzmIra meM jAkara basa ge| pitA-nRsiMha gupta / pitAmaha-vArAha bhArata ke siMhapura meN| gaMgavaMza ke rAjaputra devarAja dvArA sammAnita gupt| pitA kA anya nAma 'cukhala', aura mAtA kA vimalA (zaka saM. 1416 I. san 1564) / racanAeM 1. gItavItarAga yA vimlklaa| braahmnn-kl| Apane apane 13 guruoM kA ___(24 prbNdh)| 2. prameyaratnamAlAlaMkAra (navyanyAya zailI meM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai jinameM prasiddha haiM- nRsiMhagupta (inake likhI prameyaratnamAlA kI ttiikaa)| pitA), vyomanAtha, bhUtirAjatanaya, indurAja, bhUtirAja aura bhtttttaut| abhinava rAmAnujAcArya- kArbeTa-nivAsI vAdibhAskara-vaMzIya / Apa parama zivabhakta tathA AjIvana brahmacArI the| pitaa-veNkttraay| inake dvArA racita mahAkAvya ___ inhoMne aneka viSayoM para 41 graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| 'zrInivAsa-guNAkAra-kAvyam' meM 17 sarga haiN| prathama ATha sargoM unameM se prakAzita 11 graMthoM ke nAma haiM- 1. bodhpNcdshikaa| kI TIkA kavi ne svayaM likhI tathA zeSa sargoM kI inake bandhu (zivabhaktiviSayaka 15 zloka), 2. parAtriMziMkA-vivaraNa varadarAja ne| 274/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra amarakIrti aindravaMza ke eka prasiddha vidvAna traividya upaadhipraapt| samaya- 13-14 vIM zatI / graMtha- dhanaMjaya kavi kI nAmamAlA kA bhASya / isa bhASya meM yazaH kIrti, amarasiMha, halAyudha indranaMdI, somadeva, hemacandra, AzAdhara Adi kavi ullikhita haiN| amaracandra sUri (kavisArvabhauma) janmataH brAhmaNa, para yAda meM jainadharma ke zvetAmbara - sampradAya meM dIkSita hue| Apane vAyaDagaccha ke jinadatta sUri ke ziSya kavirAja arisiMha se sArasvata - maMtra kI prApti kI, jisakI sAdhanA padmazrAvaka ke bhavana ke ekAnta bhAga meM kI thii| inake pANDitya se AkRSTa hokara vAghelAvaMzI gujarezvara bIsaladeva (I. 14 vIM zatI) ne inheM apanI rAjasabhA meM nimantrita kiyA thaa| unhoMne vahAM 108 samasyAoM kI pUrti karate hue rAjasabhA ko vismita kara diyA / inake Azukavitva se vastupAla bhI prabhAvita the| inhoMne yaMgiyAbADA meM mUrti pratiSThApita kii| samaya- 13 vIM zatI / graMtha- 1. caturviMzati jinendra-saMkSiptacaritAni (24 adhyAya aura 1802 padya), 2. padmAnanda mahAkAvya (jitendracarita 18 sarga aura 6381 padya), 3. bAlabhArata (18 parva, 44 sarga, 6950 zloka ), 4. kAvyakalpalatA yA kavi-zikSA, 5. kAvya- kalpalatAvRtti, 6. sukRta saMkIrtana, 7. kAvyakalpalatA maMjarI, 8 svAdizabdasamuccaya, 9. kAvyakalpalatAparimala, 10 kAvyakalApa, 11. chandoratnAvalI, 12. alaMkAra - prabodha aura 13. suuktaavlii| amaradatta I. 10 vIM zatI ke pUrva baMgAla nivAsI / 'amaramAlA' nAmaka koza ke kartA / - www.kobatirth.org amaradevasUri candragaccha ke eka vidvAna isa gaccha meM vardhamAna sUri kI ziSya paraMparA meM padmendu ke ziSya / samaya I. 13 vIM shtaabdii| Apa kA saphala mahAkAvya, lokakathA para AdhArita evaM suprasiddha paMca mahAkAvyoM ke saMdarbhoM se prabhAvita hai| amaramANikya- I. 16 vIM zatI noAkhAlI ke rAjA lakSmaNamANikya ke putra vaikuNThavijaya (nATaka) ke prnnetaa| amaruka (amaru ) 'amaru - zataka' nAmaka prasiddha zRMgArika muktaka kAvya ke rcyitaa| isameM eka sau se adhika sphuTa padya haiN| inake jIvana-vRta ke viSaya meM adhikRta jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI / anya graMthoM meM uddhRta inake padyoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya 750 I. ke pUrva nizcita hotA hai / amaruka se saMbaMdhita nimna do prazastiyAM prApta hotI haiN| bhrAmyantu mAravayAme vimUDhA rasamIpsavaH / amaruddeza evAsau sarvataH sulabhI rasaH / / amaraka- kavitva- DamarUka nadena vihitA na saMcarati / zrRMgArabhaNitiranyA dhanyAnAM zravaNavivareSu / / (sUkti-muktAvalI 4-101) * Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir eka kiMvadaMtI ke anusAra amaruka jAti ke svarNakAra the| ye mUlataH zrRMgAra rasa ke kavi hai apane suprasiddha muktaka kAvya meM inhoMne tatkAlIna vilAsI jIvana (dAMpatya evaM praNaya- vyApAra) kA sarasa citra khIMcA hai, jise paravartI sAhityAcAryo ne apane lakSaNoM ke anurUpa dekhakara, lakSya ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| zAMkaradigvijaya meM kahA gayA hai ki zaMkarAcArya ne jisa mRta rAjA kI deha meM praveza kiyA thA, usakA nAma amaru thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki amaru kI deha meM praveza karane ke bAda, vAtsyAyana -sUtra ke AdhAra para zaMkarAcArya ne kAmazAstra kI vividha avasthAoM aura prasaMgoM para sau zloka likhe / amaruzataka saMskRta praNaya-kAvya kI sarvazreSTha racanA hai| dIrgha aura nAdamadhura chaMda isakI vizeSatA hai| amaru ke anusAra praNaya hI sarvaMkaza devatA hai| eka mugdhA kA zabdacitra prastuta hai : mugdhe mugdhatayaiva netumakhilaH kAlaH kimArabhyate mAnaM dhatsva dhRtiM badhAna, RjutAM dUre kuru preyasi / sakhyavaM pratibodhitA prativacastAmAha bhItAnanA nIcaiH zaMsa hRdi sthito hi nanu me prANezvaraH zroSyati / / artha- he mundhe tU apanA samaya mundhAvasthA (bholepana) meM hI kyoM vyatIta kara rahI hai? arI premike, jarA rUTha, dhairya rakha aura priyatama se saralatA ko dUra rakha / sakhI ke isa upadeza para, preyasI mudrA para bhaya dikhAte hue sakhI se bolIarI jarA dhIre batA hRdaya meM basA merA prANezvara sana legA / amarasiMha- amarakoza nAmaka suprasiddha saMskRta zabdakoza ke kartA / paraMparA ke anusAra inheM vikrama ke navaratnoM meM sthAna prApta thaa| vilsana inakA kAla IsA pUrva pahalI sadI kA mAnate haiM, jabaki anya saMzodhaka IsA kI tIsarI yA pAMcavI sadI / amitagati (prathama) amitagati nAmaka do graMthakAra hue haiN| amitagati (prathama) nemiveSa ke guru tathA devasena ke ziSya the / samaya-navama zatAbdI kA madhyabhAga / graMtha-yogasAra-1 ra- praabhRt| amitagati (dvitIya) - I. 11 vIM sadI / digambara jaina sampradAya ke mAthura saMgha ke eka graMthakAra / paramAra vaMza ke vAkpatirAja muMja ke darabArI vidvAna / inake graMthoM meM pramukha haiMsubhASitaratnasaMdoha, dharmaparIkSA aura zrAvakAcAra ( upAsakAcAra), paMcasaMgraha, ArAdhanA, bhAvanAdvAtriMzatikA, caMdraprajJapti, sAiyadvIpaprajJapti, vyAkhyAprajJapti Adi / amRtacandra sUri I. 9 vIM zatI kAlidAsa ke TIkAkAra mallinAtha ke samAna hI kundakunda ke TIkAkAra amRtacandra sUri haiN| janmataH kSatriya yA brAhmaNa ('Thakkara' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai) / samaya 10-11 vIM zatI / racanAeM- puruSArtha siddhayupAya, tatvArthasAra aura samayasAra klsh| TIkAgraMtha- samayasAra TIkA, saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 273 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pravacanasAra-TIkA aura paMcAstikAya-TIkA / ammala (amalAnaMda)- 'rukmiNI-pariNaya-caMpU' nAmaka kAvya ke rcyitaa| samaya- I. 14 vIM zatI kA aMtima caraNa / ammala ko amalAnaMda se abhinna mAnA gayA hai, jo prasiddha vaiSNava AcArya the| inhoMne 'vedAMta-kalpataru' (bhAmatI-TIkA kI vyAkhyA), 'zAstra-darpaNa' tathA paMcapAdikA kI 'vyAkhyA' nAmaka graMthoM kA bhI praNayana kiyA hai| devagiri ke yAdavoM ke rAjya meM nivAsa thaa| ammAla AcArya - samaya- I. 17 vIM sadI kA aMtima crnn| kAneI ke vaiSNava aacaary| pitA-ghaTita sudrshnaacaary| rAmAnuja ke darzana evaM digvijaya para yatirAjavijaya athavA vedAMtavilAsa nAmaka nATaka kI racanA / anya kRtiyAM haiM colabhANa va vsNttilkaabhaann| amiyanAtha cakravartI- mRtyu san 1970 meN| ema.e. tathA kAvyatIrtha / hugalI meM saMskRta-pariSada ke sNsthaapk| pitA-durgAnAtha / putrI-DaoN. vANI bhttttaacaary| kRtiyAM-harinAmAmRta, sambhavAmi yuge yuge, dharmarAjya, zrIkRSNa-caitanya aura meghnaad-vdh| ayyapArya- mUla saMghAnvayI puSpasena ke ziSya / pitA-karuNAkara / mAtA- arkAmbA / gotra- kAzyapa / maMtracikitsA-zAstra ke vizeSajJa / kAryakSetra-varaMgala (tailaMga deza kI raajdhaanii)| samaya- I. 14 vIM zatI, rAjA rudradeva ke kAla meM / graMtha- jinendr-klyaannaabhyudy| aruNagirinAtha (dvitIya)- kumAraDiNDima tathA DiNDima caturtha ke nAma se bhI jnyaat| pitA-rAjanAtha (dvitiiy)| AzrayadAtA- (1) vijayanagara ke rAjA vIranarasiMha (1505 se 1509 I.) tathA (2) kRSNadeva rAya (1509 se 1530 ii.)| pArendra agrahAra ke nivaasii| 'kavirAja' tathA 'DiNDima', 'kavisArvabhauma' kI upAdhiyoM se smlNkRt| aneka bhASAoM para adhikaar| kRtiyAM- vIrabhadravijaya (saMskRta- Dima) aura kRSNarAjavijayam (telgu)| aruNadatta- I. 12 vIM zatI ke lgbhg| pitA-mRgAMkadatta / baMgAla ke nivaasii| kRtiyAM- sarvAMga-sundarA (vAgbhaTa ke 'aSTAMgahRdaya' para bhASya) aura suzruta para bhaassy| aruNamaNi (lAlamaNi)- kASThAsaMgha, mAthuragaccha, puSkaragaNa ke gRhsth-vidvaan| zrutakIrti ke praziSya aura budharAghava ke shissy| pitA-kAnhaNasiMha / graMthanAma- 'ajitnaath-puraann'| arjuna mizra- mahAbhArata ke TIkAkAra / 'purANasarvasva' graMtha ke rcyitaa| baMgAla ke nivaasii| alamelammA- madrAsa nivaasii| I. 1922 meM isa viduSI ne 'buddhacaritam' kI racanA kii| ahaMdadAsa (arhata)- I. 13 vIM zatI (aMtima caraNa) / AzAdhara ke shissy| mAlava pradeza kAryakSetra rhaa| graMtha-munisuvratakAvya (10 sarga) uttarapurANa para AdhArita, purudeva-campU (10 stabaka) aura bhavyajanakaNThAbharaNa (242 pdy)| 'purudeva campU meM inhoMne jaina saMta purudeva kA jIvana-vRttAMta diyA hai| avatAra kAzyapa- Rgveda ke nauveM maMDala ke 53 se 60 sUkta inake nAma para haiN| somapAna se yoddhA meM vIrazrI utpanna hotI hai, yaha ina sUktoM meM pratipAdita hai| azvaghoSa- eka bauddha mhaakvi| inake jIvana-saMbaMdhI adhika vivaraNa prApta nahIM hote| inake 'sauMdaranaMda' nAmaka mahAkAvya ke aMtima vAkya se vidita hotA hai ki inakI mAtA kA nAma suvarNAkSI tathA nivAsa sthAna kA nAma sAketa thaa| 'mahAkavi' ke atirikta, ye 'bhadanta', 'AcArya', 'mahAvAdI' Adi upAdhiyoM se bhI vibhUSita the| upAdhiyoM kI puSTi hotI hai| __inake graMthoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ye jAti ke brAhmaNa rahe hoNge| inakI racanAoM kA pradhAna uddezya hai bauddha dharma ke vicAroM ko kAvya ke pariveza meM prastuta kara, unakA janasAdhAraNa ke bIca pracAra krnaa| azvaghoSa kA vyaktitva bahumukhI hai| inhoMne samAna adhikAra ke sAtha kAvya evaM dharmadarzana viSayaka graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| inake nAma para pracalita graMthoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai :(1) vajrasUcI- isameM varNa-vyavasthA kI AlocanA kara sArvabhauma samAnatA ke siddhAMta ko apanAyA gayA hai| katipaya vidvAna ise azvaghoSa kI kRti mAnane meM saMdeha prakaTa karate haiN| (2) mahAyAna- zraddhotpAda zAstra- yaha dArzanika graMtha hai| isameM vijJAnavAda evaM zUnyavAda kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| (3) sUtrAlaMkAra yA kalpanAmaMDitikA- sUtrAlaMkAra kI mUla prati prApta nahIM hotii| isakA kevala cInI anuvAda milatA hai jo kumArajIva nAmaka bauddha vidvAn ne paMcama zatI ke prAraMbha meM kiyA thaa| isa graMtha meM dhArmika evaM naitika bhAvoM se pUrNa kAlpanika kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| (4) buddhacarita- yaha eka prasiddha mahAkAvya hai| isameM bhagavAna buddha kA caritra, 28 sargoM meM varNita hai| raghuvaMza aura buddhacarita meM yatra tatra sAmya hai| (5) sauMdaranaMda- yaha bhI mahAkAvya hai| isameM bhagavAna buddha ke anuja naMda kA caritra varNita hai| (6) zAriputra-prakaraNa- yaha eka nATaka hai jo khaMDita rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| isameM maudgalyAyana evaM zAriputra ko buddha dvArA dIkSita kiye jAne kA varNana hai| ___ inakI samasta racanAoM meM bauddhadharma ke siddhAMtoM kI jhalaka dikhAI detI hai| buddha ke prati aTUTa zraddhA tathA anya dharmo ke prati sahiSNutA, inake vyaktitva kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA hai| inakA vyaktitva eka yazasvI mahAkAvyakAra kA hai| inakI kavitA meM zrRMgAra, karuNa, evaM zAMtarasa kI vegavatI dhArA abAdha 276/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra gati se pravAhita hotI hai| azvaghoSa, samrAT kaniSka ke samasAmayika the| sthiti-kAla I. prathama zatI hai| bauddha dharma ke aneka tathya prApta hote haiM, jinake anusAra ye kaniSka ke samakAlIna siddha hote haiN| cInI paraMparA ke anusAra azvaghoSa bauddhoM kI caturtha saMgIti yA mahAsabhA meM vidyamAna the| yaha sabhA kAzmIra ke kuMDalavana meM kaniSka dvArA bulAI gaI thii| azvasUkti kANvAyana eka vaidika sUktadraSTA / iMdra ko soma arpaNa na karanevAlI vimukta jamAtoM kA ullekha inake sUktoM meM hai| ye sAmadraSTA bhI the| aSTAvadhAnI somanAtharacanA- svararAgasudhArasam nATyacUDAmaNi / saMbhavataH ye hI telagu kavi nAcana somana haiM, jinheM bukkarAva prathama (vijayanagara) ne dAna diyA thaa| samayaI. 14 vIM zatI / yA - www.kobatirth.org - ataH inakA graMthoM meM aise asaMga (Arya vasubaMdhu asaMga) prasiddha bauddha dArzanika vasubaMdhu ke jyeSTha bhraataa| puruSapura (pezAvara) nivAsI kauzika gotrIya brAhmaNa kula meM janma samaya tRtIya zatAbdI ke aMta va caturtha zatAbdI ke madhya meM samudragupta ke samaya meM vidyAmAna / guru- maitreyanAtha / bauddhoM ke yogAcAra - saMpradAya ke vikhyAta aacaary| inake graMtha cInI bhASA meM anUdita hai (unake saMskRta rUpoM kA patA nahIM calatA) inake graMthoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai (1) mahAyAna saMparigraha- isameM atyaMta saMkSepa meM mahAyAna siddhAMtoM kA vivecana hai| cInI bhASA meM isake 3 anuvAda prApta hote haiN| (2) prakaraNa AryavAcA yaha graMtha 11 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| isakA pratipAdya hai yogAcAra kA vyAvahArika evaM naitika pakSa / hvenasAMga kRta cInI anuvAda upalabdha hai| (3) yogAcArabhUmizAstra athavA saptadaza bhUmizAstrayaha graMtha atyaMta vizAlakAya hai| isameM yogAcAra ke sAdhana-mArga kA vivecana hai| saMpUrNa graMtha apane mUla rUpa meM (saMskRta meM) hastalekhoM meM prApta hai| rAhulajI ne isakA mUla hastalekha prApta kiyA thaa| isakA choTA aMza (saMskRta meM) prakAzita bhI ho cukA hai| (4) mahAyAnasUtrAlaMkAra ye apanI racanAoM ke kAraNa aneka guru se bhI suprasiddha hue| asaMga- I. 10 vIM zatI / jantamaH brAhmaNa, bAda meM jaina mata kA svIkAra kiyA / pitaa-pttumti| mAtA-pairetti / guru-nAganandI / putra- jinApa / dakSiNa bhAratIya cola rAjA zrInAtha ke samakAlIna / racanAeM varddhamAnacarita, zAntinAthacarita (2500 padya), laghu zAntinAthapurANa (12 sarga, uttarapurANa kI kathAvastu para AdhArita) / asahAya- manusmRti ke eka ttiikaakaar| meghAtithi ke sAtha inakA nAma liyA jAtA hai| gautamadharmasUtra aura nAradasUtra para bhI inhoMne TIkAeM likhI hai| ahobala ye bhAskara vaMzotpanna the| pitA kA nAma nRsiMha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir thaa| inhoMne rudrAdhyAya kA vistRta vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| bhASya (vyAkhyAna ) zloka-rUpa meM hai| isa TIkA kA anya nAma 'kalpalatA' hai / ahobalAcAryajI ne gadyarUpa kAvya bhI likhA ho aisA tarka hai| ahobala I. 17 vIM sdii| saMgItapArijAta nAmaka graMtha ke kartA / draviDa braahmnn| pitA zrIkRSNa paMDita / pitA ke pAsa saMgItazAstra kA adhyayana / dhanavaDa riyAsata ke Azraya meM raha kara hindusthAnI saMgIta kA abhyAsa kiyaa| inake graMtha meM, zruti aura svara bhinna nahIM, eka haiM, yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| viziSTa svara kI dhvani ke liye khINA kI tAra viziSTa laMbAI kI cAhiye, isa khoja kA zreya inhIM ko diyA jAtA hai / ahobala - nRsiMha- maisUra nareza voDiyAra, dvitIya (1732-1760 I.) tathA cAmarAja voDiyAra (1760-1776 I.) dvArA sammAnita / 'nalavilAsa' nAmaka chaH aMkI nATaka ke prnnetaa| 'yatirAjavijaya ahobala-sUrike caMpU' racayitA / pitA- veMkaTAcArya, mAtA lakSmIaMbA guru-rAjagopAla muni / samaya I. 14 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / 'yatirAjavijaya- caMpU' meM rAmAnujAcArya ke jIvana kI ghaTanAeM varNita haiN| inhoMne 'virUpAkSa vasaMtotsava' nAmaka eka anya caMpU kI bhI racanA kI hai| isameM 9 dinoM taka calane vAle virUpAkSa mahAdeva ke vasaMtotsava kA varNana hai / yaha kAvya madrAsa se prakAzita ho cukA hai| AMgirasa- atharvaveda ke pravartaka / dvirAtrayAga kA prAraMbha inhIM ke dvArA mAnA jAtA hai / AprAyaNa yAskAcArya ne apane nirukta meM jina prAcIna AcAryo kA nirdeza kiyA hai, unameM AgrAyaNa ekatama hai / nirukta meM AgrAyaNa kA mata cAra bAra uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| AMjaneya- saMgItavidyA ke prAcIna jnyaataa| nArada, zAgadeva, zAradAtanaya Adi ne inake matoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| inhoMne 'hanumada - bharatam' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai| AtmAnanda - I. 13 vIM zatI / RgvedAntargata 'asyavAmIya sUkta' ke bhASyakAra / kevala eka choTe-se sUkta para bhASya-racanA karate hue graMthakAra ne lagabhaga sattara graMthoM kA pramANa diyA hai| isa bhASya ke aMta meM AtmAnanda likhate haiM "adhiyajJa-viSaye skndaadibhaassym| niruktamadhidaivata-viSayam / idaM tu bhaassy-mdhyaatmvissym| na ca bhinnaviSayANAM virodhaH / " arthAt skaMdAdi AcAryo kA bhASya yajJIya vicAroM tathA nirukta daivata vicAroM se nigaDita hai; kintu yaha bhASya AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se likhA gayA hai| viSaya bhinna hone ke kAraNa nirdiSTa bhASyoM kA anyAnya virodha hone kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM / AdhyAtmika dRSTi se maMtroM kA vyAkhyAna karane kI paraMparA isa deza meM bahuta purAtana hai| isa paraMparA kA pAlana rAvaNAcArya ne bhI kiyA, yaha ullekhanIya hai AtmAnandAcArya, zaMkaramatAnuyAyI avdaitavAdI the| For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 277

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Atreya- taittirIya saMhitA ke padapAThakAra / bhaTTa bhAskarAcArya ne apane taittirIya saMhitA ke bhASya meM AtreyajI kA nirdeza 'padapAThakAra', isa vizeSaNa se kiyA hai| sabhI saMhitAoM ke pada-pATha eka hI samaya meM hue hoMge, aisA vivdAnoM kA tarka hai| bhAdityadarzana- kaThamantrapATha ke (sambhavataH cArAyaNIya mantra-pATha ke) bhaassykaar| pitA kA nAma veda aura guru kA nAma maadhvraat| Adenta- mahAbhASyapradIpa-sphUrti ke lekhk| pitAatirAtra-AptoryAmayAjI veMkaTa / AnaMdagiri- I. 12 vIM sdii| inhoMne zaMkarAcArya ke sabhI bhASyoM para TIkAeM likhI haiN| zAMkaradigvijaya-graMtha inhIM kA mAnA jAtA hai| graMtha kI puSpikA meM lekhaka kA nAma anaMtAnaMdagiri hai| Age cala kara zaMkarAcArya kI gaddI para AsIna hue| advaitavedAnta ke itihAsa meM inakA nAma ajarAmara hai| Ananda jhA- I. 20 vIM shtii| nyaayaacaary| lakhanaU vi.vi. meM vyaakhyaataa| 'punaHsaMgama' nAmaka rUpaka ke prnnetaa| AnandatIrtha- samaya 1283-1317 ii.| AnandatIrtha kA hI dUsarA nAma madhvAcArya thaa| inhoMne RksaMhitA ke cAlIsa sUktoM para bhASya-racanA kii| ye madhva (dvaita) saMpradAya ke pratiSThApaka AcArya the| saMhitA-maMtroM kA bhagavatparaka artha dikhalAne ke lie inhoMne bhASyaracanA kii| madhva-saMpradAya meM jayatIrtha aura rAghavendra nAmaka do mahApuruSa hue| unhoMne madhvabhASya kA vistRta vyAkhyAna kiyaa| jayatIrthajI ke vivaraNa kA phira se vivaraNa narasiMhAcAryajI ne kiyaa| narasiMhAcAryajI ke samAna nArAyaNAcArya ne bhI jayatIrtha kI vyAkhyA kA vivaraNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra AnandatIrthajI kA bhASyagraMtha aneka vyAkhyAkartAoM kA preraNA-sthAna rahA hai| AnandatIrthajI kA bhASya sarvathA bhaktisaMpradAya kA puraskAraka hai| inhoMne 'bhAgavatatAtparya-nirNaya' nAmaka graMtha kI bhI racanA kI hai| AnandanArAyaNa- I. 18 vIM shtii| ye 'paMcaratna kavi' ke nAma prasiddha the| inhoMne rAma-kathA para AdhArita 'rAghavacaritam' nAmaka 12 sargoM kA mahAkAvya likhaa| kavi ne apane AzrayadAtA saraphojI bhosale ke nAma se yaha kAvya prasiddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA, isa liye saraphojI hI isake kavi haiM, yaha graha rUDha huaa| isa prakAra kA kAvya-lekhana karane kI kSamatA vidvAna rAjA saraphojI meM thI, yaha vastusthiti bhI isa graha (dhAraNA) ko kAraNIbhUta huI hogii| Anandabodha- I. 16 vIM shtii| pitA- jAtaveda bhaTTopAdhyAya / Anandabodha bhaTTopAdhyAya ne saMpUrNa kANva-saMhitA para bhASya-racanA kii| adhyAyoM kI parisamApti para isa bhASya kA nAma / 'kANvavedamantra-bhASyasaMgraha' aisA likhA hai| AnandarAya makhI- I. 17 vIM zatI (uttraardh)| mRtyu lagabhaga 1735 I. meN| taMjaura ke marAThA rAjA zAhajI prathama, saraphojI prathama tathA tukojI ke dharmAdhikArI evaM senaadhikaarii| pitAnRsiMharAya, ekojI tathA zAhajI ke maMtrI the| pitAmaha gaMgAdhara-ekojI ke maMtrI the| kRtiyAM- AzvalAyana-gRhyasUtra-vRtti, vidyApariNayana (nATaka), aura jIvAnandana (naattk)| Anandavardhana- kAzmIra ke nivaasii| samaya 9 vIM zatAbdI kA uttraardh| prasiddha kAvyazAstrI va dhvani-saMpradAya ke pravartaka / kAvyazAstra ke vilakSaNa pratibhAsaMpanna vykti| dhvanyAloka jaise asAdhAraNa graMtha ke. prnnetaa| 'rAjataraMgiNI' meM inheM kAzmIra nareza avaMtivarmA kA sabhA-paMDita batAyA gayA hai muktAkaNaH zivasvAmI kviraanndvrdhnH|| prathA ratnAkarAzcAgAt saamraajye'vntivrmnnH|| (5-4) / -muktAkaNa, zivasvAmI, AnaMdavardhana evaM ratnAkara avaMtivarmA ke sAmrAjya meM prasiddha hue| ___ avaMtivarmA kA samaya 855 se 884 I. taka mAnA jAtA hai| AnaMdavardhana dvArA racita 5 graMtha- viSamabANalIlA, arjunacarita, devIzataka, tantrAloka aura dhvnyaalok| sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa graMtha 'dhvanyAloka' meM dhvani-siddhAMta kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, aura anya sabhI kAvyazAstrIya matoM kA aMtarbhAva usI meM kara diyA gayA hai| devIzataka nAmaka graMtha (zloka 110) meM, inhoMne apane pitA kA nAma 'noNa' diyA hai| hemacandra ke kAvyAnuzAsana meM bhI inake pitA kA yahI nAma AyA hai| Anandavardhana ne prasiddha bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ke graMtha 'pramANa-vinizcaya' para 'dhottamA' nAmaka TIkA bhI likhI hai| harivijaya nAmaka prAkRta kAvya ke bhI ye praNetA haiN| ApastaMba- bhRgukulotpana eka sUtrakAra brhmrssi| kazyapa RSi ne diti se jaba putrakAmeSTi yajJa karAyA, taba ApastaMba usake AcArya the| patnI kA nAma akSasUtrA evaM putra kA karki thaa| taittirIya zAkhA (kRSNayajurveda kI 15 adhvaryu zAkhAoM meM se eka) kI eka upazAkhA ke suutrkaar| yAjJavalkya-smRti meM smRtikAra ke rUpa meM inakA ullekha hai| sarvazrI ketakara, kANe evaM DaoN. bUlhara ke anusAra, ApastaMba AMdhra ke rahe hoNge| graMtharacanA- 1. ApastaMba zrautasUtra, 2. A. gRhyasUtra, 3. A. brAhmaNa, 4. A. maMtrasaMhitA, 5. saMhitA, 6. A. sUtra, 7. A. smRti, 8. A. upaniSad, 9. A. adhyAtmapaTala, 10. A. antyeSTiprayoga, 11. A. aparasUtra, 12. A. prayoga. 13. A. zalbasUtra aura 14. A. dhrmsuutr| ApastaMba-dharmasUtra kA racanAkAla I. pUrva 6 se 3 zatI hai| inake mAtA-pitA ke nAma kA patA nahIM cltaa| nivAsa sthAna ke bAre meM bhI vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| DaoN. bUlara prabhRti ke anusAra ye dAkSiNAtya the, kiMtu eka maMtra meM yamunAtIravartI sAlvadezIya striyoM ke ullekha ke kAraNa, inakA nivAsa sthAna madhyadeza mAnA jAtA hai| inake 'ApastaMba-dharmasUtra' para haradatta 278 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ne 'ujjvalA' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| inakA yaha sUtra-graMtha (haradatta kI TIkA ke sAtha) kuMbhakoNam se prakAzita ho cukA hai| Apizali- pANini ke pUrvavartI eka vaiyaakrnn| yudhiSThira mImAMsakajI ke anusAra inakA samaya 3000 vi. pU. hai| inake mata kA ullekha 'aSTAdhyAyI', 'mahAbhASya', 'nyAsa' evaM 'mahAbhASyapradIpa' prabhRti graMthoM meM prApta hotA hai| 'mahAbhASya' se patA calatA hai ki kAtyAyana va pataMjali ke samaya meM hI inake vyAkaraNa ko pracAra va lokapriyatA prApta ho cukI thii| prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM meM sarvAdhika sUtra inake hI prApta hote haiN| isase vidita hotA hai ki inakA vyAkaraNa, pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke samAna hI prauDha va vistRta rahA hogaa| inake sUtra anekAneka vyAkaraNa-graMthoM meM bikhare hue haiN| inhoMne vyAkaraNa ke atirikta 'dhAtupATha', 'gaNapATha', 'uNAdisUtra' evaM 'zikSA' nAmaka cAra anya graMthoM kA bhI praNayana kiyA hai| inake 'dhAtupATha' ke udhdaraNa 'mahAbhASya', 'kAzikA', 'nyAsa' tathA 'padamaMjarI' meM upalabdha hote haiM tathA 'gaNapATha' kA ullekha bhartRhari kRta 'mahAbhASya-dIpikA' meM kiyA gayA hai| 'uNAdi-sUtra' ke vacana upalabdha nahIM hote| 'zikSA' nAmaka graMtha 'pANinIya-zikSA' se milatA-julatA hai| isakA saMpAdana paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne kiyA hai| bhAnujI dIkSita ke uddharaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne eka kozagraMtha kI bhI racanA kI thii| inake 'akSarataMtra' meM sAmagAna viSayaka stobha varNita haiN| inakA prakAzana satyavrata sAmAzramI dvArA kalakattA se ho cukA hai| inake katipaya upalabdha sUtra isa prakAra haiM- 'ubhasyobhayo dvivacanaTApoH' (taMtrapradIpa, 2-3-8)- 'vibhaktyantaM padam' aadi| nyAsakAra jinendrabuddhi ne unake dhAtupATha kA nirdeza kiyA hai ki- Apizali as dhAtu kA 'sa' mAtra svIkAra karate haiM, pANini ke samAna as bhuvi aisA unakA pATha nahIM hai| asti Adi meM guNa (aT) aura AsIt Adi meM vRddhi (AT) kA Agama mAna kara Apizali rUpa-siddhi mAnate haiN| AppArAva ke.vhI.ena.- saMskRta-kaoNleja kovUra (godAvarI) se ema. e. hue / racanA- 'gaMgAlaharI' / yaha prakAzita ho cukI hai| Ara. kRSNamAcArya- samaya 1869-1924 I. / 'sahRdayA' nAmaka madrAsa kI mAsika patrikA meM Ara. kRSNamAcArya kI aneka racanAeM prakAzita huI haiN| unakI prakAzita kRtiyAM haiM- 'suzIlA' (bhAratIya nArI kA citraNa karane vAlA sarasa gadyakAvya), meghasandezavimarzaH (anusandhAnapradhAna samIkSA), pAtivratam, pANigrahaNam, 'vararuci', 'vAsantikasvapnaH' aura 'yathAbhimata' (zeksapIyara ke nATaka kA anuvaad)| Aryadeva- bauddha-darzana ke mAdhyamika mata ke zAstrakAra AcAryoM meM inakA nAma mahattvapUrNa hai| samaya 200 se 300 I. ke biic| caMdrakIrti nAmaka vidvAna ke anusAra ye siMhala dvIpa ke nRpati ke putra haiN| inhoMne apane apAra vaibhava kA tyAga kara nAgArjuna kA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyA thaa| zUnyavAda ke AcAryo meM inakA sthAna hai| vustona nAmaka vidvAna ke anusAra inakI racanAoM kI saMkhyA 10 haiM: 1. catuHzataka- isameM 16 adhyAya va 400 kArikAeM haiN| isakA cInI anuvAda hvenasAMga ne kiyA thaa| isakA kucha aMza saMskRta meM bhI prApta hotA hai| isameM zUnyavAda kA pratipAdana hai| 2. cittavizuddhi-prakaraNa- isameM brAhmaNoM ke karmakAMDa kA khaMDana va tAMtrika bAtoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| isameM vAra evaM rAziyoM ke nAma prApta hone se vidvAnoM ne isa graMtha ke kisI anya Aryadeva kI kRti mAnA hai| ___3. hastalAghava-prakaraNa- isakA nAma 'muSTi-prakaraNa' bhI hai| isakA anuvAda cInI va tibbatI bhASA meM prApta hotA hai aura unhIM ke AdhAra para isakA saMskRta meM anuvAda prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| yaha graMtha 6 kArikAoM kA hai jinameM prathama 5 kArikAeM jagat ke mAyika rUpa kA vivaraNa prastuta karatI haiN| aMtima (6 vIM) kArikA meM paramArtha kA vivecana hai| isa para diGnAga ne TIkA likhI hai| 4. zeSa graMthoM ke nAma haiM- skhalitapramathanayukti, hetusiddhi, jJAnasAra-samuccaya, caryAmelApana-pradIpa, catuHpITha-taMtrarAja, catuHpITha-sAdhana, jJAna-DAkinI-sAdhana evaM ekdrumpNjikaa| 'catuHzataka' inakA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| ___ Aryadeva-deva, kANadeva tathA nAlanetra nAmoM se bhI ye jAne jAte the| Aryacandra- eka bauddha kvi| kumAralAta va mAtRceTa ke smkaaliin| sambhavataH sautrAntika sNprdaayii| racanA- maitreyvyaakrnn| AryabhaTTa (prathama)- jyotiSa zAstra ke eka mahAn aacaary| kusumapura (paTanA) ke nivaasii| bhAratIya jyotiSa kA kramabaddha itihAsa AryabhaTTa (prathama) se hI prAraMbha hotA hai| inake vizvavikhyAta graMtha kA nAma 'AryabhaTIya' hai jisakI racanA inhoMne apane anubhavoM ke AdhAra para kI hai| janmakAla- 476 I. / inhoMne "taMtra' nAmaka eka anya graMtha kI bhI racanA kI hai| inake ye donoM hI graMtha Aja upalabdha haiN| inhoMne sUrya tathA tAroM ko sthira mAnate hue, pRthvI ke ghUmane se rAta aura dina hone ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kiyaa| inake prasiddha graMtha 'AryabhaTIya' kI racanA, paTanA meM huI thii| isa graMtha meM AryabhaTTa ne caMdragrahaNa va sUryagrahaNa ke vaijJAnika kAraNoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| 'AryabhaTIya' kA aMgrejI anuvAda DaoN. kerna ne 1874 I. lAiDena (haoNlaiMDa) meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| isakA hindI anuvAda udayanArAyaNasiMha ne san 1903 meM kiyA thaa| saMskRta meM 'AryabhaTIya' kI 4 TIkAeM prApta hotI hai| sUryadeva yajvA kI TIkA sarvottama mAnI jAtI hai jisakA nAma hai 'aarybhtttt-prkaash'| mUla graMtha ke cAra pAda haiM- gAtikApAda saMskRta vAGmaya koza-pathakArakhaNDa/m For Private and Personal Use Only

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gaNitapAda, kAlakriyApAda aura golapAda / zloka-saMkhyA 121 hai| da. bhArata meM isa graMtha kA pracAra vizeSa rUpa se huaa| isake AdhAra para banA paMcAMga dakSiNa ke vaiSNavapaMthI logoM ko mAnya hai| AryabhaTTa (dvitIya) - I. 8 vIM shtii| jyotiSa-zAstra ke eka AcArya aura gnnitii| bhAskarAcArya ke pUrvavartI / jyotiSa-zAstra viSayaka eka atyaMta prauDha graMtha 'mahAArya siddhAMta' ke prnnetaa| bhAskarAcArya ke siddhAMta-ziromaNi' meM inake mata kA ullekha milatA hai| AryazUra- 'jAtakamAlA' yA 'bodhisattvAvadAnamAlA' nAmaka prasiddha graMtha ke rcyitaa| samaya- I. tRtIya-caturtha shtii| AryazUra ne bauddha jAtakoM ko lokapriya banAne kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai| azvaghoSa kI bhAMti bauddhadharma ke siddhAMtoM ko sAhityika rUpa dene meM AryazUra kA bhI bar3A yogadAna hai| 'jAtakamAlA' kI khyAti bAharI bauddha-dezoM meM bhI thii| isakA cInI rUpAMtara (kevala 14 jAtakoM kA) 690 se 1127 I. ke madhya huA thaa| itsiMga ke yAtrA-vivaraNa se jJAta huA ki 7 vIM zatAbdI meM isakA bahuta pracAra ho cukA thaa| ajaMtA kI dIvAroM para 'jAtakamAlA' ke kaI jAtakoM ke citra (dRzya) aMkita haiN| ina citroM kA samaya 5 vIM zatAbdI hai| 'jAtakamAlA' ke 20 jAtakoM kA hindI anuvAda, sUryanArAyaNa caudharI ne kiyA hai| AryazUra kI dUsarI racanA kA nAma hai- 'pAramitA-samAsa' jisameM 6 pAramitAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| 'jAtakamAlA' kI bhAMti isakI bhI zailI sarala va subodha hai| anya racanAeM- subhASitaratnakaraMDaka-kathA, prAtimokSasUtrapaddhati, supathanirdezaparikathA aura bodhistvjaatk-dhrmgNddii| AryazUra kI kAvyazailI, kAvya ke upakaraNoM para unake adhikAra ko dikhAI huI, atyukti se rahita va saMyata hai| unakA gadya va padya samAna rUpa se sAvadhAnI ke sAtha likhA gayA hai aura pariSkRta hai| AzAdharabhaTTa (prathama) - kAvyazAstra ke eka jaina aacaary| jnmsthaan-ajmer| I. 13 vIM shtii| mANDalagar3ha (mevADa) ke mUla nivaasii| bAda meM mevAr3a para zahAbuddIna gorI ke AkramaNoM se trasta hokara dhArA nagarI meM A base / jaati-vrdhrvaal| pitaa-sllkssnn| maataa-shriiraanii| ptnii-srsvtii| putrnaam-chaahdd| mAlavanareza arjuna varmadeva ke sandhivigraha mNtrii| guru-mahAvIra pnnddit| 'nayavizvacakSu', 'kalikAlidAsa', 'prajJApuMja' Adi nAmoM se ullikhita / ziSyanAma- madanakIrti, vizAlakIrti va devacandra / dhArAnagarI se dasa mIla dUra nalamacchapura meM sarasvatI kI sAdhanA karate rhe| neminAtha maMdira hI unakA vidyApITha rahA hai| ye vyAghraravAlavaMzIya the, aura Age cala kara jaina ho gae the| racanAeM- AzAdhara dvArA likhita bIsa graMtha milate haiM, jinameM mukhya graMtha cAra haiM- 1. adhyAtma-rahasya aparanAma yogoddIpana (72 padya), 2. dharmAmRta- isake do khaNDa haiM- anagAradharmAmRta jo munidharma kI vyAkhyA karatA hai aura sAgAradharmAmRta jo gRhastha-dharma ko spaSTa karatA hai, 3. jinayajJakalpa- yaha graMtha pratiSThAvidhi kA samyak pratipAdana karatA hai aura 4. triSaSTismRticaMdrikA- 63 zalAkA- puruSoM kA saMkSipta jIvana-paricaya prastuta karatA hai| inake atirikta mUlArAdhanA-TIkA, iSTopadezaTIkA, bhUpAlacaturvipUrtiTIkA, ArAdhanAsAra TIkA, prameyaratnAkara, kAvyAlaMkAra-TIkA, sahasra-nAmastavana TIkA, bharatezvarAbhyudaya (caMpU) Adi graMtha bhI ullekhanIya haiN| inhoMne apane eka graMtha 'triSaSTismRticaMdrikA' kA racanA-kAla 1236 diyA hai| inakA patA DaoN. pITarasana ne 1883 I. meM lagAyA thaa| saMskRta alaMkAra-zAstra ke itihAsa meM do AzAdhara nAmadhArI AcAryoM kA vivaraNa prApta hone se nAma-sAdRzya ke kAraNa, DaoN. haricaMda zAstrI jaise vidvAnoM ne donoM ko eka hI lekhaka mAna liyA thA para vastutaH donoM hI bhinna haiN| dvitIya AzAdhara bhaTTa kA patA DaoN. bUlara ne 1871 I. meM lagAyA thaa| AzAdharabhaTTa (dvitIya)- kAvyazAstra ke eka AcArya / samaya I. 17 vIM zatAbdI kA aMtima crnn| pitA-rAmajI bhtttt| guru-dharaNIdhara / inhoMne apanI 'alaMkAra-dIpikA' meM apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai- "zivayostanayaM natvA guruM ca dhrnniidhrm| AzAdhareNa kavinA raamjiibhttttsuununaa||' inhoMne appaya dIkSita ke 'kuvalayAnaMda' kI TIkA likhI hai| ataH ye unake paravartI siddha hote haiN| inake alaMkAraviSayaka 3 graMtha prasiddha haiM- kovidAnaMda, triveNikA va alaMkAra-dIpikA / kovidAnaMda abhI taka aprakAzita hai| isakA vivaraNa triveNikA' meM prApta hotA hai| DaoN. bhAMDArakara ne 'kovidAnaMda' ke eka hastalekha kI sUcanA dI hai jisameM nimna zloka hai prAcAM vAcAM vicAreNa shbd-vyaapaarnirnnym| karomi kovidAnaMdaM lkssylkssnnsNyutm|| zabdavRtti ke isa apane prauDha graMtha para AzAdhara bhaTTa ne svayaM hI 'kAdaMbinI' nAmaka TIkA bhI likhI hai| "triveNikA' kA prakAzana 'sarasvatI-bhavana-TeksTa' graMthamAlA, kAzI se ho cukA hai| alaMkAra-zAstra-viSayaka ina 3 graMthoM ke aura 2 TIkAoM ke atirikta AzAdhara bhaTTa ne 'prabhApaTala' va advaitaviveka' nAmaka do darzana-graMthoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| ye AzAdhara bhaTTa (prathama) se sarvathA bhinna vyakti haiN| inakA patA DaoN. bUlara ne 1871 I. meM lagAyA thaa| AzAnanda- samaya 1745-1787 ii.| Apa mahArAjA anUpasiMha ke prapautra mahArAjA gajasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM bIkAnera meM nivAsa karate the| Apane rAjA ke Azraya meM rahakara 'AnandalaharI' ko praNIta kiyA thaa| Azmarathya- vyAsakRta brahmasUtroM meM inakA ullekha hai| inake anusAra paramAtmA evaM vijJAnAtmA meM paraspara bhedAbheda saMbaMdha hai| 280 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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zaMkarAcArya evaM vAcaspati mizra ne inheM viziSTAdvaitavAdI kahA hai| Asuri - sAMkhyadarzana ke pravartaka maharSi kapila ke sAkSAt shissy| DaoN. e. bI. kItha ke anusAra ye aitihAsika puruSa nhiiN| isake viparIta ma.ma. DaoN. gopInAtha kavirAja evaM 'sAMkhya philaoNsaphI' nAmaka graMtha ke praNetA DaoN. go. ne inheM aitihAsika vyakti mAnA hai| 725 I. ke AsapAsa hue haribhadra sUri nAmaka eka jaina vidvAna ne, apane graMtha 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' meM, 'Asuri' nAma se eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai - mahAbhArata (zAMtiparva) bhAgavata meM bhI kapila dvArA vilupta 'sAMkhya-darzana' kA jJAna, apane ziSya 'Asuri' ko dene kA varNana hai| ukta tathyoM ke prakAza meM 'Asuri'ko kAlpanika vyakti mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| inakI koI bhI racanA prApta nahIM hotii| iMdulekhA- eka kvyitrii| inakA kevala eka zloka vallabhadeva kI 'subhASitAvalI' meM prApta hotA hai eke vArinidhau pravezamapare lokAMtarAlokanaM, kecit pAvakayogitAM nijagaduH kSINe'hani caMDArciSaH / mithyA caitadasAkSikaM priyasakhi pratyakSatIvrAtapa, manye'haM punaradhvanInaramaNIceto'dhizete raviH / / isameM sUryAsta ke saMbaMdha meM suMdara kalpanA hai- 'kisI kA kahanA hai ki sUryadeva saMdhyAkAla meM samudra meM praveza kara jAte haiN| para kisI ke anusAra ve lokAMtara meM cale jAte haiM para mujhe ye sArI bAteM mithyA pratIta hotI haiN| ina ghaTanAoM kA koI pramANa nahIM hai| pravAsI vyaktiyoM kI nAriyoM kA citta virahajanya bAdhA ke kAraNa adhika saMtapta rahatA hai| jJAta hotA hai ki sUryadeva isI komala citta meM rAtri ke samaya zayana karane ke liye praveza karate hai, jisase unameM atyadhika garmI utpanna ho jAtI hai| isa zleka ke atirikta isa kavayitrI ke saMbaMdha meM kucha bhI jAnakArI nahIM hai| iMdra (indradatta)- kathAsaritsAgara ke cauthe taraMga ke anusAra pANini ke pUrva bhI vyAkaraNakAroM kA eka sampradAya thaa| vyADi, vararuci evaM iMdradatta usa sampradAya ke pramukha the| iMdra kA vyAkaraNa-graMtha upalabdha nahIM parantu abhinava zAkaTAyana ke 'zabdAnuzAsana' meM usake uddharaNa haiN| indra (prA.) - kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya meM saMskRta ke adhyApaka / racanA- bhagavad(buddha) gItA (pAlI dhammapada kA saMskRta anuvaad)| indranandi- dakSiNavAsI pratiSThAcArya aura mantravid / vAsavanandi ke praziSya aura bappanandi ke shissy| samaya dazama shtaabdii| racanA- 'jvAlamAlinIkalpa' (mNtrshaastr)| isa graMtha ke 10 pariccheda aura 372 padya haiN| indrabhUti- eka prasiddha bauddha (vajrayAnI) grNthkaar| uDDiyAna ke raajaa| padmasaMbhava ke pitaa| inake teIsa graMthoM ke anuvAda taMjUra nAmaka tibbata ke graMthAlaya meM milate haiN| 'kurUkullAsAdhana' evaM 'jJAnasiddhi' ye do graMtha saMskRta meM upalabdha haiN| indumitra (indu) - 'anunyAsa' nAmaka kAzikA-vyAkhyA ke rcyitaa| isa vyAkhyA ke uddharaNa aneka vyAkaraNa-granthoM meM prApta hote haiN| inameM aura tantrapradIpakAra maitreyarakSita meM zAzvata virodha thaa| zrImAn zarmA ne anunyAsasAra nAmaka TIkA racI hai| inhIM zarmA ne sIradeva kI paribhASAvRtti' para vijayATIkA kI racanA kI hai| immAdi prauDha devarAya- vijayanagara nareza (I.sa. 1422-1448) / rcnaa-rtirtn-prdiipikaa| viSaya- kaamshaastr| iribiThi kANva- Rgveda ke 8 veM maMDala ke 16-18 sUktoM ke draSTA / i.su. sundarArya- I. 20 vIM shtii| janma-tirucirApallI / madrAsa ke raajkvi| inheM ma.ma. paNDitarAja kRSNamUrti zAstrI dvArA 'abhinava-jayadeva', tathA saMskRta sAhitya pariSad dvArA 'abhinava-kAlidAsa' kI upAdhiyAM prApta huI thiiN| ye tirucirApallI kI saM.sA. pariSad ke maMtrI rhe| ye abhinetA tathA nirdezaka bhI the| kaI prAcIna saMskRta nATakoM kA nirdezana inhoMne kiyaa| kRtiyAM- samudrasya svAvasthAvarNana (kAvya), stotramuktAvalI, gAnamaMjarI, umApariNaya tathA mArkaNDeyavijaya (nATaka) tathA tamila meM tIna upnyaas| IzAnacandra sena- bNgaalii| 'rAjasUya-satkIrti-ratnAvalI' nAmaka kAvya ke rcyitaa| IzvarakRSNa- sAMkhya-darzana ke eka AcArya aura 'sAMkhyakArikA nAmaka suprasiddha graMtha ke rcyitaa| zaMkarAcAryajI ne apane 'zArIrakabhASya' meM 'sAMkhyakArikA' ke uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| ataH inakA zaMkara se pUrvavartI honA nizcita hai| vidvAnoM ne inakA AvirbhAva-kAla caturtha zataka mAnA hai, kiMtu ye isase bhI adhika prAcIna haiN| 'anuyogadvAra-sUtra' nAmaka jaina-graMtha meM 'kaNagasattarI' nAma AyA hai jise vidvAnoM ne 'sAMkhyakArikA' ke cInI nAma 'suvarNasaptati' se abhinna mAna kara, inakA samaya prathama zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa nizcita kiyA hai| 'anuyogadvAra sUtra' kA samaya 100 I. hai| ataH IzvarakRSNa kA usase pUrvavartI honA nizcita hai| ___ 'sAMkhyakArikA' para aneka TIkAoM va vyAkhyA-graMthoM kI racanA huI hai| inameM se vAcaspati mizrakRta 'sAMkhyatattva-kaumudI' sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa TIkA hai| kAzI ke harerAma zAstrI zukla ne isa kaumudI para suSamA nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| DaoN. AdyAprasAda mizra ke hiMdI anuvAda ke sAtha sAMkhyatattvakaumudI prakAzita ho cukI hai| Izvara zarmA- I. 18 vIM zatI kA mdhy| bimbalI grAma (kerala) ke nivaasii| 'zRMgAra-sundara' nAmaka bhANa ke rcyitaa| IzvarAnanda sarasvatI- rAmacandra sarasvatI ke shissy| inhoMne 'bRhat mahAbhASya pradIpa vivaraNa' kI racanA kI jisakI tIna pratiyAM upalabdha haiN| inhoMne apane guru kA nAma satyAnanda likhA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 281 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhauphekTa ke anusAra satyAnanda hI rAmacandra sarasvatI haiN| samayaI. 1678-17101 IzvaropAdhyAya- I. 8 vIM shtii| aandhrvaasii| nyAya, mImAMsA, vyAkaraNa tathA dharmazAstra meM pAraMgata / zAMkara-mata ke anuyaayii| inhoMne jyotiSmatI evaM ilezvaravijaya nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| udgItha - I. 18 vIM shtii| skaMdasvAmI, nArAyaNa aura udgItha ina tIna AcAryoM ne milakara RgbhASya-racanA kii| arthAt zailI meM samAnatA na honA ina bhASyoM meM svAbhAvika hai| udgIthAcArya ne yAjJika paddhati ke anusAra pUre vistAra se bhASyaracanA kI hai| paravartI bhASyakAroM ne udgIthAcAryajI kA nirdeza kiyA hai| nirukta-bhASya ke eka racayitA skaMda-mahezvara, saMbhavataH udgIthAcArya ke ziSya the| udgItha-bhASya meM graMthakAra ke nAma Adi kA kucha saMketa milatA hai| tadanusAra ve karnATaka kI vanavAsI nagarI ke nivAsI the| uyAditya- Ayurveda ke vishessjny| guru-shriinndi| graMtha-nirmANa kA sthAna- rAmagiri jo trikaliMga ke beMgI meM sthita hai| trikaliMga janapada, mandAja ke uttara pIlakaTa nAmaka sthAna se lekara uttara gaMjAma aura pazcima meM bellArI karnala, bidara tathA cAndA taka vistRta hai| 'rAmagiri', nAgapura kA samIpavartI rAmaTeka bhI ho sakatA hai| nRpatuMga amoghavarSa (prathama) ke samaya auSadhi meM mAMsa-sevana kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie ugrAditya ne 'kalyANakAraka' nAmaka bRhadkAya graMtha kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| samaya-I. 9 vIM shtaabdii| graMtha ke 25 paricchedoM aura do pariziSToM meM svAsthya-saMrakSaNa, garbhotpatti, annapAnavidhi, vAta-pitta-kapha, rasAyana Adi kA vistRta varNana hai| utprekSAvallabha- mUla nAma gokulanAtha / I. 6 vIM shtii| inhoMne 'bhikSAtma' nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| isameM zaMkara ke zRMgAra-vilAsa kA varNana hai| utpaladeva- I. 9 vIM shtii| trikadarzana ke eka aacaary| inakI 'ziva-stotratali' prasiddha hai| isameM 21 zloka haiM kaNThakoNaviniviSTamIza te kAlakUTamapi me mhaamRtm| apyupAttamamRtaM bhavadvapur bhedavRtti yadi me na rocte|| artha- he bhagavan tumhAre kaMTha ke kone meM jo viSa hai, vaha bhI mujhe amRta samAna hai| para tumhAre zarIra se alaga amRta bhI milA to vaha mujhe acchA nahIM lgelaa| yaha zloka suprasiddha kAvyaprakAza meM uddhRta hai| udaya kavi- 'mayUra-saMdeza' nAmaka saMdeza-kAvya ke praNetA / samaya- I. 14 vIM shtaabdii| inhoMne 'dhvanyAlokalocana' para 'kaumudI' nAmaka TIkA bhI likhI thI jo prathama udyoga taka hI prApta hotI hai| isake aMta meM jo zloka hai, usase patA calatA hai ki isa graMtha ke racayitA udaya nAmaka rAjA (kSamAbhRt) the| udayaprabhadeva- jyotiSa-zAstra ke eka AcArya / samaya- I. 13 vIM shtii| inhoMne 'Arambhasiddhi' yA 'vyavahAracaryA' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai| isa graMtha meM unhoMne pratyeka kArya ke liye zubhAzubha muhUtoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| isa para ratnezvara sari ke ziSya hemahaMsagaNi ne vi.saM. 1514 meM TIkA likhI thii| udayaprabhadeva kA yaha graMtha vyAvahArika dRSTi se 'muhUrtaciMtAmaNi' ke samAna upayogI hai| udayAnAcArya- racanA- 'vNshltaa'| isa mahAkAvya meM paurANika tathA aitihAsika rAjavaMzoM kA varNana hai| udayanAcArya- eka suprasiddha maithila naiyaayik| inakA janma darabhaMgA se 20 mIla uttara kamalA nadI ke nikaTastha maMgaraunI nAmaka grAma meM eka saMbhrAMta brAhmaNa-parivAra meM huA thaa| 'lakSaNAvalI' nAmaka apanI kRti kA racanA-kAla inhoMne 906 zakAbda diyA hai| inake anya graMtha hai- nyAyavArtika-tAtparya-TIkAparizuddhi, nyAyakusumAMjali tathA Atmatattva-viveka / ina graMthoM kI racanA inhoMne bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA uThAye gae praznoM ke uttara-svarUpa kI thii| inhoMne 'prazastapAda-bhASya' (vaizeSikadarzana kA graMtha) para 'kiraNAvalI' nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| isameM bhI inhoMne bauddha-darzana kA khaMDana kiyA hai| 'nyAya-kusumAMjali' bhAratIya darzana kI zreSTha kRtiyoM meM mAnI jAtI hai aura udayanAcArya kI yaha sarva zreSTha racanA hai| Izvara ke astitva ke liye bauddhoM se vivAda ke samaya, anumAna-pramANa se Izvara kA astitva siddha nahIM kara pAne para, eka brAhmaNa aura eka zramaNa ko lekara ve eka pahAr3I para cale gye| donoM ko vahAM se nIce dhakela diyaa| girate hue brAhmaNa cillAyA- 'mujhe Izvara kA astitva mAnya hai', to zramaNa cillAyA 'use mAnya nahIM / brAhmaNa baca gayA, zramaNa kI mRtyu ho gaI paraMtu udayanAcArya para hatyA kA Aropa lgaa| isa para udayana purI ke jagannAtha maMdira meM jAkara bhagavAn ke darzana kI prArthanA karane lge| usa samaya mAnyatA thI ki bhagavAn puNyavAn logoM ko hI darzana dete haiN| tIsare dina bhagavAn ne svapna meM Akara kahA- kAzI jAkara svayaM ko jalA kara prAyazcitta karo, usake bAda hI merA darzana ho skegaa| usake anusAra udayanAcArya ne agni ko deha arpita kiyA para marate samaya unhoMne kahA aizvaryamadamattaH san mAmavajJAya vrtse| pravRtte bauddhasaMpAte madadhInA tava sthitiH|| arthaH- bhagavan, aizvarya ke mada meM Apa merA dhikkAra kara rahe haiM, para bauddhoM kA prabhAva bar3hane para to ApakA astitva mere adhIna hI thaa| udayarAja-prayAgadatta ke putra / rAmadAsa ke ziSya / racanA-rAjavinoda kaavym| sAta sagoM ke isa kAvya meM gujarAta ke sulatAna 282 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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begaDA mahaMmada kA stutipUrNa varNana hai| uddaMDa kavi samaya- 16 vIM zatAbdI kA praarNbh| pitA raMganAtha | mAtA- raMgAMbA / badhula gotrIya brAhmaNa kula meM jnm| 'kokila-saMdeza' nAmaka kAvya ke prnnetaa| isake atirikta 'mallikA - mAruta' nAmaka (10 aMkoM ke) eka prakaraNa ke bhI racayitA kAlIkaTa ke rAjA jamUrina ke sabhA-kavi / udbhaTa nAma se ye kAzmIrI brAhmaNa pratIta hote haiM inakA samaya I. 8 vIM zatI kA aMtima caraNa va 9 vIM zatI kA prathama caraNa mAnA jAtA hai| kalhaNa kI 'rAjataraMgiNI' se jJAta hotA hai ki ye kAzmIra nareza jayApIDa ke sabhA-paMDita the aura unheM pratidina eka lAkha dInAra vetana ke rUpa meM prApta hote the vidvAn dInAralakSeNa pratyahaM kRtavetanaH / bhaTTo'bhUdbhaTastasya bhUmibhartuH sabhApatiH / / (4-495) - jayApIDa kA zAsanakAla 779 I. se 813 I. taka mAnA jAtA hai| abhI taka udbhaTa ke 3 graMthoM kA vivaraNa prApta hotA bhAmaha - vivaraNa, kumArasaMbhava (kAvya) va kAvyAlaMkAra - sArasaMgraha / unameM bhAmaha - vivaraNa, bhAmahakRta 'kAvyAlaMkAra' kI TIkA hai, jo saMprati anupalabdha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha graMtha iTAlI se prakAzita ho gayA hai para bhArata meM abhI taka nahIM A sakA hai| isa graMtha kA ullekha pratihAreMdurAja ne apanI 'laghuvivRti' meM kiyA hai| abhinavagupta, ruyyaka tathA hemacaMdra bhI apane graMthoM meM isakA saMketa karate haiN| inake dUsare graMtha kumArasaMbhava kA ullekha pratihAreMdurAja kI 'vivRti' meM hai| inameM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke 'kumArasaMbhava' ke AdhAra para ukta ghaTanA kA varNana hai| 'kumArasaMbhava' ke kaI zloka udbhaTa ne apane tIsare graMtha 'kAvyAlaMkAra sArasaMgraha' me udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye haiN| pratihAreMdurAja va rAjAnaka tilaka, udbhaTa ke do TIkAkAra haiM, jinhoMne kramazaH 'laghuvivRti' tathA 'udbhaTa viveka' nAmaka TIkAoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| udbhaTa bhAmaha kI bhAMti alaMkAravAdI AcArya haiN| 'abhinava bhAratI' ke chaThe adhyAya meM inakA ullekha hai'nirdeze caitatkramavyatyasanAdityauddhAH' abhinavabhAratI meM 'naitaditi bhaTTalollaTa' ullekha ke kAraNa, inheM lollaTa kA pUrvavartI mAnA jAtA hai| ataH ye sAtavIM zatI ke antima athavA AThavIM zatI ke AraMbhika ke bhAga ke mAne jA sakate haiN| udbhaTa ne 'udghaTAlaMkAra' nAmaka eka aura graMtha kI racanA kI hai aura bharata muni ke 'nATya-zAstra' para TIkA likhI hai| inake samaya jayApIDa kI rAjasabhA meM manoratha, zaMkhadatta, caTaka, saMdhimAn tathA vAmana maMtrI the| sadguru-santAna parimala graMtha (kAmakoTipITha ke 38 veM AcArya ke samaya kI racanA ) meM bhI yaha darzita hai| rAjA jayApIDa, kallaTa nAma dhAraNa kara, anyAnya rAjyoM kA bhramaNa karate hue gaur3a deza meM aayaa| vahAM pauNDaravardhana gAMva ke kArtikeya mandira meM usane bharata nATya dekhaa| vaha itanA prabhAvita huA ki kamalA nAmaka nartikA ko apane sAtha le gayA tathA use apanI rAnI bnaayaa| saMbhavataH isI rAjA ke Adeza se udbhaTa ne apanI sAhitya-zAstrIya kRti 'kAvyAlaMkAra - sArasaMgraha' kI racanA kI hai| "yotakara samaya- I. SaSTha zatAbdI / zaiva AcArya / bauddha paMDita dharmakIrti ke samakAlika / 'vAtsyAyanabhASya' para 'nyAyavArtika' nAmaka TIkA graMtha ke racayitA / inhoMne apane 'nyAyavArtika' graMtha kA praNayana, dinAga prabhRti bauddha naiyAyikoM ke tarkoM kA khaMDana karane hetu kiyA thaa| apane isa graMtha meM bauddha mata kA paMDityapUrNa nirAsa kara brAhmaNa-nyAya kI nirdaSTatA pramANita kI hai| subaMdhu kRta 'vAsavadattA' meM inakI mahattA isa prakAra pratipAdita kI gaI hai- 'nyAyasaMgatimiva udyotakarasvarUpAm' / svayaM udyotakara ne apane graMtha kA uddezya nimna zloka meM prakaTa kiyA hai Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - "yadakSapAdaH pravaro munInAM zamAya zAstraM jagato jagAda / kutArvikAjJAnanivRttihetoH, kariSyate tasya mayA prabaMdhaH / / " ye bhAradvAja gotrIya brAhmaNa tathA pAzupata saMpradAya ke anuyAyI the- ('iti zrIparamarSibhAradvAja - pAzupatAcArya zrImadudyotakarakRtau nyAyavArtike paMcamo'dhyAva') Apa pAzupatAcArya ke nAma se bhI jAne jAte the| Apane diGnAga ke AkramaNa se kSINaprabha hue nyAya-vidyA ke prakAza ko punarapi udyotita karAte hue, apane zubhanAma kI sArthakatA siddha kii| inakA yaha graMtha atyaMta prauDha va pAMDityapUrNa hai / katipaya vidvAna kAzmIra ko inakA nivAsasthAna mAnate haiM, to anya kucha vidvAna mithilA ko| upaniSad brAhmaNa (saMnyAsI) kAMcIvaram nivaasii| inhoMne 100 upaniSadoM tathA bhagavadgItA para bhASya-racanA kI hai| - upAdhyAya padmasundara - nAgaura nivAsI jaina tapAgaccha ke vidvAn / guru- padmameru aura praguru Anandameru / akabara dvArA sammAnita / svargavAsa vi.saM. 1639 graMtha (1) rAyamallAbhyudaya (cobIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA caritra) - seTha caudharI rAyamalla kI abhyarthanA aura preraNA se racita (2) bhaviSyaratacarita (3) pArzvanAtharAya pramANasuMdara, (4) suMdaraprakAzazabdArNava, (5) zRMgAradarpaNa, (6) jambUcArita, aura (7) hAyanasuMdara 1 For Private and Personal Use Only upAdhyAya meghavijaya vyAkaraNa, nyAya, sAhitya, adhyAtmavidyA, yoga tathA jyotirjJAna ke niSNAta pnnddit| samaya I. 17 vIM shtii| guruparamparA- hIravijaya, kanakavijayazIlAvijaya siddhivijaya kamalavijaya kRpAvijaya meghavijaya tapAgacchIya jaina vidvAn vijayaprabhasUri dvArA 'upAdhyAya' kI padavI se vibhuussit| rAjasthAna aura gujarAta pramukha kAryakSetra / pramukha graMtha - 1. arhadgItA (36 adhyAya 772 zloka ), 2. yuktiprabodha (isameM banArasIdAsa ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA gayA saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 283

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra , hai), 3. candraprabhAmakaumudI vyAkaraNa ( 8000 zloka ), 4. laghutriSaSTicaritra (5000 zloka ), 5. zrIzAntinAthacaritra (6 sarga), naiSadhIya kAvya kI samasyApUrti, 6. meghadUta samasyA- pAdapUrti (130 zloka ), 7. devAnaMdAbhyudaya mahAkAvya ( mAghakAvya samasyArUpa), 8. zaMkhezvara prabhustavana, 9. zrIvijayasenasUri -digvijaya kAvya-tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, 10. mAtRkAprasAda, 11. saptasaMdhAna mahAkAvya (RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, kRSNa evaM rAmacandra kA zleSapUrNa varNana ), 12 hastasaMjIvanI (525 zlokoM meM hastarekhAvijJAna svopajJavRttisahita) 13. varSaprabodha, aparanAma meSamahodaya (13 adhikAra aura 3500 zloka ), 14. ramalazAstra, 15 sImaMdharasvAmi-stavana, 16. parvalekhA, 17. bhaktAmara TIkA, 18. brahmabodha, 19. madhyamavyAkaraNa (3500 zloka ), 20. yAvaccakumAra svAdhyAya, 21. laghuvyAkaraNa, 22. pArzvanAthanAmAvalI, 23. udayadIpikA, 24. rAvaNapArzvanAthopakrama, 25. paMcatIrthastuti (RSabhanAtha, zAMtinAtha, saMbhavanAtha, neminAtha tathA pArzvanAtha kA ekasAtha varNana ), 26. bhUvizvetyAdikAvya-vivaraNam, 27. viMzati-yaMtravidhi, 28. paMcamIkathA, 29. dharmamaMjUSA, 30 arjunapatAkA aura 31. vijayapatAkA / upendranAtha sena- I. 20 vIM zatI / kalakattA- nivAsI / kRtiyAM pallI- chavi, makarandikA, kundamAlA (upanyAsa) tathA Ayurveda sNgrh| www.kobatirth.org beka kumArila bhaTTa ke ziSya bhavabhUti evaM uMbeka donoM eka hI vyakti ke nAma mAne jAte haiN| kumArila ke 'zlokavArtika' kI eka kArikA para unhoMne TIkA likhI hai| citsukhAcArya viracita citsukhI ke anusAra uMbeka evaM bhavabhUti alaga-alaga vyakti haiN| inake dvArA zlokavArtika para likhI tAtparya - TIkA evaM maMDana mizra - racita bhAvanAviveka para likhI TIkA upalabdha hai| ubhayakuzala- jyotiSa zAstra ke eka aacaary| phala- jyotiSa ke marmajJa / samaya- I. 17 vIM zatI / ye muhUrta va jAtaka donoM hI aMgoM ke paNDita the| 'vivAhapaTala' va 'camatkAra - ciMtAmaNi' inake prasiddha graMtha hai, aura donoM hI graMthoM kA saMbaMdha phala jyotiSa se hai| umApati- mithilA nivaasii| 'pArijAtaka-haraNa' nATaka ke racayitA / umApati (umApatidhara ) - I. 12 vIM zatI / baMgAla ke rAjA lakSmaNasena kI kavi-sabhA ke paMcaraloM meM se ek| saMbhavataH maMtrI / ballAlasena ke pitA vijayasena ke, devapArA - zilAlekha ke lekhaka veMkaTa kavisArvabhauma ke matAnusAra 'kRSNacarita'kAvya ke lekhaka / umApati zarmA dviveda 'kavipati' janma san 1894 meN| janmagrAma - uttara pradeza ke devariyA jile kA pakar3I nAmaka grAma / Apane kaI graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, jinameM 'zivastuti' va 284 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa - - 'vIraviMzatikA' vizeSa prasiddha haiN| dvitIya graMtha meM hanumAnajI kI stuti hai / 'pArijAta - haraNa' ApakA sarvAdhika prauDha mahAkAvya hai jisakA prakAzana 1958 I. meM huA hai / umApati zivArya - cidambaram ke nivAsI / samaya- I. 12vIM zatI se pUrva / racanA - aumApatyam (saMgItaviSayaka graMtha) / umAsvAti (umAsvAmI ) - inakA janma sthAna magadha hai| zrutaparamparA ke jainAcArya apara nAma gRddhapicchAcArya dakSiNa bhAratIya kundakundAnvaya ke anuyaayii| samaya- I. prathama zatAbdI kA antima bhaag| inake dvArA praNIta graMtha hai tattvArtha athavA tattvArthasUtra racanA kA hetu siddhavya nAmaka zvetAmbarIya vidvAna dvArA likhita sUtra 'darzana-jJAna-caritrANi mokSamArga' ke prAraMbha meM samyak pada kA yoga / 'AtmA kA hita kyA hai - isa prazna ke uttara meM tattvArtha sUtra kI racanA kI gaI hai| zrutasAgara dvArA sUri-tattvArthavRtti ke prAraMbha meM praznakartA ke rUpa meM dvaipAyaka nAmakA ullekha hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir umAsvAti ne vikrama saMvat ke prAraMbha meM 'tattvArthasUtra' kA praNayana kiyA thaa| apane isa graMtha para inhoMne svayaM hI bhASya likhA hai| isakA mahattva donoM hI jaina saMpradAyoM (zvetAMbara va digaMbara) meM samAna hai| digaMbara jainI inheM umAsvAmI kahate haiN| umeza gupta I. 19 vIM zatI 'vaidyaka-zabda-sindhu' ke krtaa| baMgAlI / - uvaTa - samaya I. 12 vIM zatI ke AsapAsa / zuklayajurveda mAdhyandina saMhitA ke prasiddha bhASyakAra / uvaTAcArya ne yajurveda saMhitA - bhASya ke anta meM apane kAla Adi kA saMketa diyA hai| tadanusAra bhoja rAjA ke samaya avantIpura meM rahate hue vAcArya ne bhASya-racanA kI, yaha bAta spaSTa hai| inake pitA kA nAma vajraTa thA / uvaTAcArya ke anya graMtha haiM- (1) R - prAtizAstra bhASya, (2) yajuH prAtizAkhyabhASya aura (3) RsarvAnukramaNI bhASya tIsare graMtha ke lekhaka yahI upAcAryajI haiM yA anya, isa viSaya meM ekamata nahIM hai| usI taraha uvaTAcAryajI ke RgbhASya-racanA ke viSaya meM bhI matabheda hai / yaha bAda to niHsaMdigdha hai ki uvaTAcArya kA bhASya zatrughna, mahIdhara Adi mAdhyaMdina veda bhASyakAroM kA AdhAra bhASya rahA / uvaTAcAryajI kA bhASya saMkSipta aura mArmika hai| mahIdharAcArya ne, usI kA apanI zailI ke anusAra vivaraNa kiyA hai| uvaMTAcArya jJAna-karma-samuccayavAda ke samarthaka the| isase bhASyakAra kI svataMtra bhUmikA aura pratibhA kA paricaya milatA hai| uvaTa-bhASya kA nayA saMskaraNa Avazyaka hai, kyoM ki upalabdha saMskaraNoM meM kaI sthAnoM para mahIdharAcArya kA bhASya hI uvaTAcArya ke nAma para diyA gayA hai| For Private and Personal Use Only RddhinAtha jhA - I. 20 vIM shtii| janma- zAradApura (mithilA) meN| kulanAma sakarAdi / rAjakumAra ke shikssk| rAjamAtA ko purANa sunAte the| sAhityAcArya kI upAdhi prApta mahArAnI

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mahezvaralatA mahAvidyAlaya ke praacaary| tatpUrva lohanA vidyApITha meM pradhAna adhyaapk| pitA- ma.ma.harSanAtha zarmA ('uSAharaNa' ke / lekhk)| raajsbhaapnnddit| maithilI meM bhI aneka nATakoM kA / sarjanA kRtiyAM-zazikalA-pariNaya (pAMca aMkI nATaka) aura pUrNakAma (ekAMkI ruupk)| bhASika jyotiSa zAstra ke eka aacaary| inake bAre meM koI pramANika vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotaa| inheM jaina dharmAnuyAyI jyotiSI mAnA jAtA hai| 'kaiTalogas kaiTAgorama' (AphreTa kRta) meM inheM prasiddha jyotiSazAstrI AcArya garga kA putra kahA gayA hai| RSiputra kA likhA huA 'nimittazAstra' nAmaka graMtha saMprati upalabdha hai| tathA inake dvArA racita eka saMhitA ke uddharaNa, 'bRhatsaMhitA' kI bhaTTotpalI TIkA meM prApta hote haiN| jyotiSa-zAstra ke prakAMDa paMDita varAhamihira ke ye pUrvavartI jJAta hote haiN| varAhamihira ne 'bRhajjAtaka' ke 26 veM adhyAya meM inakA prabhAva svIkAra kiyA hai| ema. ahamada (prA.)- vilsana mahAvidyAlaya (muMbaI) meM phArasI ke praadhyaapk| anuvAda- kRti 'duHkhottara' sakham' (mUla arabI kathAsaMgraha alpharajabAdaSpidda) aura phArasI meM dehistAnI se anUdita jAme uhliikaayaan| oka, mahAdeva pAMDuraMga- puNe ke nivaasii| Apane saMta jJAnezvara praNIta jJAnezvarI (bhAvArtha-dIpikA ke prathama 6 adhyAyoM) kA saMskRta-anuvAda kiyA jo mudrita bhI ho cukA hai| anya racanAeM- kurukSetram (15 sargo kA) mahAkAvya aura mmNg-rsvaahinii| mopamanyava- yAskAcAryadvArA nirdiSTa niruktakAroM meM ekatama / AcArya aupamanyava kA mata niruktakAra ne bAraha bAra upasthita kiyA hai| bRhaddevatA meM bhI aupamanyava AcArya kA eka bAra nirdeza hai| aurNavAbha- niruktakAra yAskAcArya ne AcArya aurNavAbha kA pAMca bAra nirdeza kiyA hai| bRhadevatA meM bhI aurNavAbha AcArya kA eka bAra nirdeza milatA hai| prasiddha RgbhASya-raciyatA AcArya veMkaTamAdhava bhI apane prathama RgbhASya meM aurNavAbha kA nirdeza karate haiN| audumbarAyaNa- yAskAcArya ne jina bAraha nirUktakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, unameM audumbarAyaNa eka haiN| nirukta 1-1 meM yaha nAma ullikhita hai| audaMbarAcArya- vaiSNavoM ke niMbArka-saMpradAya ke pravartaka AcArya niMbArka ke ziSya / nivAsasthAna- kurukSetra ke pAsa / mukhya graMtha(1) auduMbara-saMhitA aura (2) zrI. niMbArka-vikrAMti / aurabhaTTa- 'vyAkaraNapradIpikA' nAmaka aSTAdhyAyI-vRtti ke lekhk| samaya -I.18 vIM shtii| kaMThamaNi zAstrI- janma- 1898 ii.| zrI. zAstrI kA janma datiyA (madhyapradeza) meM huA, kintu unakA karmakSetra kAMkaraulI rahA hai| unake pitA zrI. bAlakRSNa zAstrI the / Apa kAMkaraulI mahArAjA ke nijI paNDita aura unake hI vidyA-vibhAga, sarasvatI-bhaNDAra, pustakAlaya tathA citrazAlA ke adhyakSa the| Apako mahopadezaka, zuddhAdvaitabhUSaNa evaM kaviratna kI upAdhiyAM tathA svarNapadaka puraskArasvarUpa prApta haiN| Apake prasiddha kAvya haiM- 1. cAya-caturdazI, 2. upAlambhATa, 3. 'pakvAnnaprazastiH , 4. kAvya-maNimAlA aura 5. kvitaa-kusumaakr| "surabhAratI" patrikA meM bhI ApakI sphuTa racanAeM prakAzita huI haiN| Apake patrikA NR 5. kAvatA-kusumAkara dvArA sampAdita grantha haiM- 1. IzAvAsyopaniSat (saTIka), 2. kenopaniSat (saTIka), 3. viSNusUktam (saTIka), 4. zrInAtha-bhAvoccaya (saTIka), 5. rasikaraMjanam (AryAsaptazatI) tathA 6. smprdaay-prdiip| kaMdADa appakoNDAcArya- Apane advaita-virodhI tathA viziSTAdvaita (vaiSNava) vAdI 60 graMtha likhe| (DaoN. rAghavana dvArA ullikhit)| kakSIvAna- Rgveda ke suuktdrssttaa| dIrghatamA aura uzija ke putr| unakI janmakathA isa prakAra batAyI jAtI hai- dIrghatamA eka bAra nadI meM gira par3e aura bahate-bahate aMgadeza ke kinAre jA lge| unhoMne vahAM ke rAjA se bheMTa kii| rAjA ko saMtAna nahIM thii| ataH dIrghatamA se putraprApti kI AzA se rAjA ne uzija nAmaka apanI dAsI ko unake pAsa bhejaa| unase jo putra huA, vahI kakSIvAn haiN| ve svayaM ko pajrakula kA mAnate the| ve kSutiratha priyaratha aura sindhutaTa para rAjya karanevAle bhAvya rAjA ke purohita the| ve svayaM bar3e dAnI the| unhoMne dAna kI mahattA isa prakAra batAyI hai nAkasya pRSThe adhitiSThati zrito yaH pRNAti sa ha deveSu gcchti| sasmA Apo dhRtamarSanti sindhavastasmA iyaM dakSiNA pinvate sdaa| arthAt jo koI dAna-dharma se Izvara ko saMtuSTa karatA hai, vaha svarga ke zikhara para pahuMcakara vahIM nivAsa karatA hai| deva-maMDala meM usakA praveza hotA hai| svarga tathA pRthvI kI nadiyAM usakI ora hI ghRta kA pravAha bahA kara le jAtI haiN| usI ke liye yaha urvarA bhUmi samRddhi se bhara jAtI hai| kakSIvAn ke sUktoM meM indra va azvinoM ke sAmarthya aura paropakAra kI aneka kathAoM ke bIja hai| kaNAda- vaizeSika darzana ke prvrtk| unake kaNAda, kaNabhakSa, kaNabhuk, ulUka, kAzyapa, pAzupata Adi vividha nAma haiN| inake AdhAra para ye kAzyapagotrI ulUka muni ke putra siddha hote haiN| eka janazruti ke anusAra ve sar3aka para gire hue yA khetoM meM bikhare hue anAja ke kaNoM kA bhojana karate the| isaliye ve 'kaNAda' khlaaye| sUtrAlaMkAra meM unheM "ulUka" REFE saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 285 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ve rAtri meM AhAra kI khoja meM bhaTakate the| "vAyupurANa' ke anusAra kaNAda kA janma prabhAsa kSetra meM huA thA aura ve avatAra tathA prabhAsanivAsI AcArya somazamana ke ziSya the| udayanAcArya ne apane "kiraNAvalI" grantha meM unheM kazyapa-putra mAnA hai| pAzupata-sUtra meM kaNAda ko pAzupata kahA gayA hai| eka januzruti ke anusAra bhagavAna ziva se sAkSAtkAra hone para unakI kRpA aura Adeza se kaNAda ne vaizeSika darzana kI racanA kii| racanAkAla buddha se ATha sadI pUrva mAnA jAtA hai| isameM 10 adhyAya haiM, aura hara adhyAya meM do Ahnika haiN| vaizeSika darzana meM padArtha ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa guNoM kI carcA evaM paramANuvAda ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana hai| kaNAda tarkavAgIza- I. 17 vIM shtii| racanAeM- maNivyAkhyA, bhASAratnam aura apshbdkhnnddnm| kanhaiyAlAla- vallabha-saMpradAsa kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, bhAgavata kI mahApurANatA ke pakSa meM gaMgAdhara bhaTTa dvArA likhita"durjana-mukha-capeTikA" para, Apane "prahastikA" nAmaka vyAkhyA likhii| mUla "capeTikA" to laghu hai, kiMtu Apane apanI vyAkhyA- "prahastikA" meM viSaya kA bar3e vistAra ke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA hai| prastuta vyAkhyA kI puSpikA se Apa gaMgAdhara bhaTTa ke putra nirdiSTa kiye gaye haiN| kapAlIzAstrI ti.vi.- brahmazrI upAdhi se vibhuussit| pANDecarI araviMdAzrama ke nivaasii| racanA- (1) Rgveda kA siddhAMjana nAmaka bhASya, (2) vAsiSThagaNapatimunicaritam aura mAtRbhUstavana tathA bhAratIstavaH Adi aneka rASTravAdI muktaka kAvya / kapila (maharSi)- sAMkhyadarzana ke aadhaacaary| janmasthAna- siddhpur| kardama va devahUti ke putra / bhAgavata purANa meM inheM viSNu kA 5 vAM avatAra kahA gayA hai| inake bAre meM mahAbhArata, bhAgavata Adi graMthoM meM paraspara-virodhI kathana prApta hote haiN| svayaM mahAbhArata meM hI prathama kathana ke anusAra ye brahmA ke putra haiM, to dvitIya varNana meM agni ke avatAra kahe gae haiM (mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, adhyAya 218) / ataH kaI dezI-videzI Adhunika vidvAnoM ne inheM aitihAsika vyakti na mAna kara kAlpanika hI mAnA hai| para prAcIna paraMparA meM AsthA rakhane vAle vidvAna, inheM eka aitihAsika vyakti evaM sAMkhyadarzana kA Adi pravartaka mAnate haiN| gItA meM bhagavAna zrIkRSNa, svayaM ko siddhoM meM kapila muni batAte haiN| "siddhAntoM kapilo muniH" (gItA 10-26) / brahmasUtra ke "zAMkarabhASya" meM zaMkara ne inheM sAMkhya-darzana kA Adya upadeSTA aura rAjA sagara ke 60 sahasra putroM ko bhasma karane vAle kapila muni se bhinna svIkAra kiyA hai| [brahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya (2-1-1)] | ina vivaraNoM ke astitva meM kapila kI vAstavikatA ke prati saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| prasiddha pAzcAtya vidvAna gAbe ne apane graMtha "sAMkhya philaoNsaphI" meM maiksamUlara va kolabuka ke niSkarSoM kA khaMDana karate hae kapila ko aitihAsika vyakti siddha kiyA hai / maharSi kapila racita do graMtha prasiddha hai| "tattvasamAsa" aura "saaNkhysuutr"| kapila ke ziSya kA nAma Asuri thA jo sAMkhyadarzana ke prasiddha AcArya haiN| kapila ke praziSya paMcazikha haiM aura ve bhI sAMkhyadarzana ke AcArya haiN| takoM aura tathyoM se niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kapila buddha se pahale tathA kama-se-kama kucha upaniSada likhe jAne ke pUrva hI khyAti prApta kara cuke the| buddha ke janmasthAna "kapilavastu" kA nAmakaraNa bhI, vahAM kapila muni ke vAstavya ke kAraNa huA mAnA jAtA hai| kapila ke sAMkhya-zAstra meM karma kI apekSA jJAna ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| zvetAzvara-upaniSad meM sAMkhya-siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kapila ne sarvaprathama prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda-jJAna ke dvArA vikAsavAda ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| kapila nirIzvaravAdI the| kapila ke nAma para sAMkhyasUtra aura tattvasamAsa ke alAvA vyAsa-prabhAkara, kapila-gItA, kapila-paMcarAtra, kapila-saMhitA, kapila-stotra va kapila-smRti nAmaka graMtha prasiddha haiN| kapiladeva dvivedI : I. 20 vIM shtii| kAzI hindU vi. vi. ke dharmazAstra vibhAga ke adhykss| rAdhAprasAda zAstrI ke putra / paMjAba meM em.e., zAstrI, ema.o.ela., elaela.bI. Adi upAdhiyAM prApta kii| bhArata sarakAra ke nyAyavibhAga ke vizeSa kaaryaadhikaarii| tatpazcAt u. pra. zAsana ke videsh-kaaryaadhikaarii| saMskRta-pariSad ke saMsthApaka evaM prvrtk| "parivartana" nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| kamalabhAva : mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya dezIgaNa aura pustakagaccha ke AcArya mAghanandi ke shissy| samaya I. 13 vIM shtii| grNth-shaantiishvrpuraann| mallikArjuna ne isa graMtha se kucha padya uddhRta kiye haiN| kamalazIla : kAla I. 8 vIM shtii| zAMtarakSita ke ziSya tathA bauddha nyAya ke paMDita, nAlaMdA meM taMtrazAstra ke adhyaapk| bAda meM tibbata ke rAjA ke nimaMtraNa para tibbata cale gye| cInI dharmopadezaka mahAyAna hozaMga ko vAda-vivAda meM parAsta kiyaa| nyAyabiMdu pUrvapakSa aura tatvasaMgrahapaMjikA nAmaka do granthoM ke lekhk| kamalAkara bhaTTa (prathama) * I. 17 vIM zatAbdI ke eka dhrmshaastrkaar| pitA-rAmakRSNa bhtttt| inakA graMtha-lekhana-kAla, 1610 se 1640 I. taka mAnA jAtA hai| inake graMthoM se jaisA spaSTa hai, ye nyAya, vyAkaraNa, mImAMsA, vedAMta, sAhitya zAstra, veda aura dharmazAstra ke prakAMDa paMDita the| inake dvAra praNIta graMthoM kI saMkhyA 22 hai, jinameM adhikAMza dharmazAstra viSayaka haiN| inake nirNayasiMdhu, dAnakamalAkara, zAMtiratna, vivAdatAMDava, gotrapravaradarpaNa, karmavipAkaratna Adi graMthoM meM nirNayasiMdhu, vivAda-tAMDava tathA zUdrakamalAkara ati prasiddha graMtha haiN| 286 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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"zUdrakamalAkara" meM zUdroM ke dhArmika kartavyoM kA tathA "vivAdatAMDava" meM paitRka sampatti ke vitaraNa, dAve, pramApa, daNDa ke prakAra Adi kA vivecana hai| "nirNayasindhu" to nyAyAlayoM meM Aja bhI pramANa graMtha ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| kamalAkara bhaTTa (dvitIya) - jyotiSazAstra ke eka AcArya / inhoMne "siddhAntatattvaviveka" nAmaka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa jyotiSa zAstrIya graMtha kI racanA saM. 1580 meM kI hai| inheM gola aura gaNita donoM kA marmajJa batalAyA jAtA hai| ye prasiddha jyotiSI divAkara ke bhrAtA the aura inhoMne apane ina bhrAtA se hI isa viSaya kA jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| inhoMne bhAskarAcArya ke siddhAnta kA aneka sthaloM para khaMDana kiyA hai aura saurapakSa kI zreSThatA svIkAra kara brahmapakSa ko amAnya siddha kiyA hai| karamarakara, gajAnana rAmacandra - indaura ke mahArAja holakara mahAvidyAlaya ke praadhyaapk| rcnaa-lokmaanyaalNkaar| isameM lokamAnya tilakajI kA stavana hai tathA alaMkAroM ke chAtropayukta udAharaNa bhI haiN| karavIrya - Ayurveda ke aacaary| suzruta ke samakAlIna aura dhanvaMtari ke shissy| inhoMne eka zalyataMtra vikasita kiyA thA kiMtu vaha upalabdha nhiiN| karNajayAnanda - mithilAnareza mAdhavasiMha (1776-1808 I.) ke samakAlIna / "rukmAMgada" nAmaka kIrtaniyA paramparA ke nATaka ke rcyitaa| karNappArya - krnaattkvaasii| guru klyaannkiirti| gopana rAjA ke putra lakSmIdhara ke Azrita kvi| samaya I. 12 vIM shtii| graMtha-neminAtha purANa, vIrezacarita aura maaltii-maadhv| aneka zreSTha kaviyoM dvArA inakI prazaMsA huI hai| karNapUra - janma 1517 ii.| alaMkAra zAstra ke AcArya evaM vaiSNava kvi| pitA-zivAnanda sen| baMgAla ke kAMcanapADA ke nivaasii| mahAprabhu caitanya ke shissy| inake pitA ne unakI AjJAnusAra apane putra kA nAma paramAnandadAsa rkhaa| phira mahAprabhu inheM purIdAsa kahane lge| sAta varSa kI Ayu meM purIdAsa dvArA racita eka zloka ke prathama do padoM kI pramukhatA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara, mahAprabhu ne unheM "karNapUra" kahanA prAraMbha kiyaa| kRtiyAM-caitanyacandrodaya (mahAnATaka) caitanyacaritAmRta (mahAkAvya), gaMgAstava, vRttamAlA, pArijAtaharaNa, AnandavRndAvana (campU), alaMkArakaustubha (TIkA graMtha), kRSNalIloddezadIpikA, gauragaNoddezadIpikA, varNaprakAzakoSa, AryAzataka (aprApta) aura camatkAracandrikA (aprApta) / "alaMkArakaustubha' para 3 TIkAeM milatI haiN| karNazruta vAsiSTha - vaidika suuktdrssttaa| inhoMne soma ke stavana meM 58 RcAoM vAle sUkta kI racanA kI hai jisameM upamA Adi alaMkAroM kA vipula upayoga kiyA gayA hai| soma ne kisa prakAra niguta nAmaka AryazatruoM ko gaharI nidrA meM sulA kara unakA saMhAra kiyA isakA nirUpaNa bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kalya lakSmInarasiMha - I. 18 vIM shtii| kaushikgotrii| pitA-ahobala sudhii| upAsya daivata AMdhra meM kurnUla jile ke ahobala parvata para pratiSThApita lakSmInarasiMha / kRtiyAM-janakajAnandana nAmaka pAMca aMkI nATaka, kavi kaumudI tathA vishvdeshikvijy| pitA kI kRtiyAM-sAhityamakaranda tathA alaMkAracintAmaNi / kalyANakIrti - mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha ke bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti ke ziSya / kArkala ke mtthaadhiish| paTTasthAna-panasoge (maisUra) ziSya- devcNdr| samaya I. 15 vIM shtii| graMtha-jinayajJakalodaya, jJAnacandrAbhyudaya, jinastuti, tattvabhedASTaka, siddharAzi, phaNikumAra-carita aura yazodharacarita (1850 shlok)| kalyANamalla - I. 17 vIM shtii| baradvAna nivAsI shresstthii| bharata mallika ke AzrayadAtA / kRti-mAlatI (meghadUta para ttiikaa)| kalyANamalla - rcnaa-anNgrNg| (kAmazAstraviSayaka graMtha) avadha nareza ladAkhAna lodhI (ahamadakhAna kA beTA) ko prasanna karane hetu rcit| kalyANarakSita - kAla I. 9 vIM shtii| eka bauddha dArzanika / dharmottarAcArya ke guru / Apane pAMca graMthoM kI racanA kii| 1. sarvajJasiddhikArikA, 2. bAhyArthasiddhikArikA, 3. zrutiparIkSA, 4. anyApohavicArakArikA aura 5. iishvrbhNgkaarikaa| ina sabhI graMthoM ke kevala tibbatI anuvAda hI upalakSa haiN| kalyANavarmA - bhAratIya jyotiSa ke eka prasiddha AcArya / samaya 578 I., kintu Adhunika yuga ke prasiddha jyotiSa zAstrI paM. sudhAkara dvivedI ke anusAra 500 ii.| inhoMne "sArAvalI" nAmaka jAtakazAstra kI racanA kI hai jisameM 42 adhyAya haiN| yaha graMtha varAhamihira racita "bRhajjAtaka" se bhI AkAra meM baDA hai| lekhaka ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA varAhamihira, yavana jyotiSa va narendrakRta "horAzAstra" ke AdhAra para huI hai aura unake matoM kA sAra saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| bhaTTotpala nAmaka jyotiSa zAstrI ne, apanI bRhajjAtaka TIkA meM, inake zlokoM ko udadhRta kiyA hai| inakI "sArAvalI" meM DhAI hajAra se bhI adhika zloka haiN| "sArAvalI" kA prakAzana nirNaya sAgara presa se ho cukA hai| kalhaNa - "rAjataraMgiNI' nAmaka suprasiddha aitihAsika mahAkAvya ke rcyitaa| kAzmIra ke nivaasii| ADhyavaMzIya brAhmaNa kula meM jnm| inhoMne apane saMbaMdha meM jo kucha aMkita kiyA hai, vahI unake jIvanavRtta kA AdhAra hai| "rAja taraMgiNI" kI pratyeka taraMga kI samApti meM "iti kAzmIrika mahAmAtya zrIcampakaprabhusUnoH kalhaNasya kRtau rAjataraGgiNyAM" yaha vAkya aMkita hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki inake pitA kA nAma campaka thA aura ve kAzmIra nareza harSa ke mahAmAtya the| kAzmIra nareza harSa kA zAsana kAla 1089 se 1101 I. taka thaa| caMpaka ke nAma kA kalhaNa ne atyaMta Adara ke sAtha saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 287 For Private and Personal Use Only

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taba ullekha kiyA hai| isase unake kalhaNa ke pitA hone meM kisI (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| vyavasAya se vaidy| pitA-kavi karNapUra / bhI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM raha paataa| maataa-kauslyaa| kRtiyAM "kAvyacandrikA" aura "cikitsA kalhaNa ne caMpaka ke anuja kanaka kA bhI ullekha kiyA rtnaavlii"| hai jo harSa ke kRpApAtroM meM se the| unhoMne parihArapura ko kanaka kavicandra dvija - asama nareza mahArAja zivasiMha (1714-1744) kA nivAsa sthAna kahA hai aura yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki ke Azrita kvi| kRtiyAM-dharmapurANa kA anuvAda (I. 1735 jaba rAjA harSa buddha pratimAoM kA vidhvaMsa kara rahe the taba meM) aura kAmakumAra haraNa, nATaka (I. 1724-31 ke biic)| kanaka ne apane janmasthAna kI buddhapratimA kI rakSA kI thii| kavicUDAmaNi cakravartI - bhAgavata kI kevala vedastuti para (rAjataraMgiNI 7/1097) / kalhaNa ke isa kathana se yaha niSkarSa ___ "anvayabodhinI" nAmaka saphala sArthaka TIkA ke prnnetaa| apanI nikalatA hai ki inakA janmasthAna parihArapura thA aura ye svayaM isa TIkA ke aMta meM Apane kevala itanA hI paricaya diyA bauddhadharma kA Adara karate the| kalhaNa zaiva the| isa tathya hai ki ve brAhmaNa varNa tathA vRMdAvana nikuMja ke vAsI the| kI puSTi "rAjataraMgiNI" kI pratyeka taraMga meM ardhanArIzvara ziva inake samaya kA ThIka patA nahIM cltaa| kintu inakI TIkA kI vaMdanA se hotI hai| kalhaNa kA vAstavika nAma kalyANa anvayabodhinI bahuta purAnI mAnI jAtI hai| aSTaTIkA bhAgavata thA aura ve alakadatta nAmaka kisI vyakti ke Azraya meM meM vaha prakAzita bhI ho cukI hai| rahate the| inhoMne sussala ke putra rAjA jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla kavitArkika - I. 16-17 vIM shtii| noAkhAlI meM bhuluyA meM (1127 se 1159 I.) "rAjataraMgiNI" kA praNayana kiyA ke rAjA lakSmaNa-mANikya ke purohit| pitA vANInAtha / thaa| isa mahAkAvya kA lekhana do varSoM meM (1148 se 1150 racanAeM-kautukaratnAkara (prahasana) aura jAmavijayam (kaavy)| I.) huA thaa| zaivamatAnuyAyI hote hue bhI kalhaNa bauddha dharma "jAmavijayam" meM kaccha ke jAmavaMza kA varNana hai| yaha ke ahiMsA tattva ke pUrNa prazaMsaka the| inhoMne bauddhoM kI kAvya 7 sargoM kA hai| udAratA, ahiMsA va bhAvanAoM kI pavitratA kI atyadhika kavitArkikasiMha - vedaantcaary| pitA- veNkttaacaary| gotraprazaMsA kI hai| rAjA ke guNoM kI ye bodhisatva se tulanA kauzika / racanA-AcAryavinayacampU, isameM vedAMtadezika (14 vIM karate haiN| (rAja 1/34, 1/138) / "zrIkaNThacarita' meM kalhaNa zatI) kA caritra nivedita kiyA hai| kI prazasti prApta hotI hai| (25/78, 25/79 va 25/80) / kalhaNa kI ekamAtra racanA "rAjataraMgiNI' hI prApta hotI kavi parameSThI - nAmAntara kavi prmeshvr| pampa, nayasena, hai| isameM unhoMne atyaMta prAcIna kAla se lekara 12 vIM aggala, kamalabhava, guNavarma dvitIya, pArzvapaNDita, guNabhadra, jinasena zatAbdI taka kAzmIra kA itihAsa aMkita kiyA hai aura Adi kanaDa evaM saMskRta kaviyoM dvArA ullikhita / aitihAsika zuddhatA evaM racanAtmaka sAhityika kRti, donoM grNth-vaagrthsNgrh| AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kI hai| unhoMne aitihAsika tathyoM kA kavi madana - I. 17 vIM shtaabdii| "ghaTakharpara" nAmaka kAvya vivaraNa, kaI srotoM se grahaNa kara, use pUrNa banAyA hai| kalhaNa kA samasyA ke rUpa meM upayoga karate hue kAvya racanA kI kA vyaktitva, eka niSpakSa va prauDha aitihAsika kA hai| rAjataraMgiNI jisakA nAma hai "kRssnnliilaa"| . ke prAraMbha meM unhoMne yaha vicAra vyakta kiyA hai ki "vahI kavirAja - kIrtinArAyaNa aura candramukhI kA putra / vanavAsI guNavAna kavi prazaMsA kA adhikArI hai, jisakI vANI, atIta kA ke kadamba rAjAoM kA raajkvi| pitA vahIM para senApati / citraNa karane meM ghRNA yA prema kI bhAvanAoM se mukta aura rAjA kA nAma kaamdev| samaya 12 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / nizcita hotI hai| ("zlAghyaH sa eva guNavAn rAgadveSa bhisskRtaa| vakrokti-nipuNatA ke lie prasiddha hai| racanAe~ pArijAtaharaNam bhUtArthakathane yasya stheyasyeva sarasvatI" -11 1/7) / kalhaNa 10 sargoM kA kaavy| indrodyAna se zrIkRSNa dvArA pArijAta kA ne itihAsa ke varNana meM isa Adarza kA pUrNataH pAlana kiyA haraNa isa kAvya kI kathA vastu hai| zliSTa zabdAvalI ke hai| kavi ke rUpa meM unakA vyaktitva atyaMta prakhara hai| unhoMne abhAva meM yaha kAvya madhuratA se pUrNa hai| saMbhavataH kavi kI svayaM ko itihAsavettA na mAna kara, eka kavi ke rUpa meM hI prathama racanA hai| dUsare kAvya rAghavapANDavIyam meM rAmAyaNa tathA prastuta kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM amRta kA pAna karane se kevala bhArata kI kathA zleSamaya racanA dvArA varNita hai| pIne vAlA hI amara hotA hai, kintu sukavi kI vANI, kavi kavirAja - inhoMne chatrapati zivAjI dvArA mirjA rAjA jayasiMha evaM varNita pAtroM, donoM ke hI zarIra ko amara kara detI hai| ko phArasI meM likhe gae mahattvapUrNa patra kA saMskRta meM anuvAda (rAja 1/3) / inake utkRSTa kavitva ne hI kAzmIra ke itihAsa kiyA hai jisakI zloka saMkhya 60 hai| ko prakAzita kiyA hai| kavi rAma - I. 17 vIM zatI / "digvijayaprakAza" ke rcyitaa| kavicandra - I. 17 vIM shtii| kulnaam-dtt| dIrghAGka grAma kavi vAcaspati - I. 11 vIM shtii| baMgAla nivaasii| rAjA 288 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra harivarmadeva ke maMtrI bhavadeva ke mitra "bhavadevakulaprazasti" nAmaka kAvya ke racayitA / kavIndra paramAnanda nevAsekara racanA "shivbhaartm"| chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja kA jIvana caritra anyAnya bhASAoM meM upalabdha hai, tathApi isa caritra graMtha kI aitihAsika prAmANya kI dRSTi se, vizeSa yogyatA hai| kavi kI vidvattA ko pahacAna kara mahArAja ne unheM caritra lekhana kA Adeza diyA thaa| kavIndra paramAnanda zivAjI mahArAja ke sAtha AgarA gae the| aMtima avasthA meM Apane saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA thaa| mahArASTra meM lohagaDa ke pAsa kavIndra kI samAdhi vidyamAna hai| www.kobatirth.org kavIndra paramAnanda 20 vIM zatI lakSmaNagaDha ke RSikula meM nivAsa racanA krnnaarjuniiym| - kavIndrAcArya sarasvatI inakI stutiyoM kA saMgraha kavIndracandrodaya nAma se prakAzita hai| samaya 17 vIM zatI / racanAeM haMsasaMdezam aura kavIndrakalpadrumaH / 1 kavIzvara jaNu zrIvakulabhUSaNa jaggu alavAra ayyaMgAra nAma se prasiddha pitA-tirunArAyaNa melakoTe (karnATaka) nagara ke nivaasii| racanA-bANabhaTTa kI zailI kA anusaraNa karate hue racita kathA jayantikA / anya racanAeM sthamantakaH va adbhutAMzukam (donoM nATaka) tathA karuNArasataraMgiNI va hayagrIvastuti (donoM stotra ) / - kazyapa eka vaidika sUktadraSTA / agni ke ziSya aura vibhAMDaka ke guru / marIci ke putra / mAtA kA nAma hai kardamakanyA klaa| ye tArkSya va ariSTanemi nAmoM se bhI jAne jAte haiM / inakI gaNanA saptarSiyoM aura prajApatiyoM meM kI jAtI hai| vAyupurANa meM inake kula kI mahimA batAI gaI hai / diti va aditi kazyapa kI bhAryAeM thIM diti se daityoM aura aditi se AdityoM arthAt devoM kI utpatti huii| bhAgavata ke anusAra kazyapa kI ariSTi nAmaka anya cAra bhAryAeM batAyI gayI haiN| manuSya, pazu, pakSI, nAga, jalacara Adi saba kazyapa kI saMtati haiM / 19 inake sambandha meM eka kathA yaha bhI batAI jAtI hai - parazurAma ne samUcI pRthvI ko niHkSatriya banA kara, sarasvatI ke taTa para rAmatIrtha meM azvamegha yajJa kiyaa| kazyapa hI usa yajJa ke adhvaryu the| yajJa kI samApti para dakSiNA ke rUpa meM parazurAma ne vijita pRthvI (madhyapradeza) kazyapa ko de dii| kazyapa ne vaha pRthvI brAhmaNoM ko sauMpa dI aura svayaM vanavAsa svIkAra kiyaa| isI prakAra eka aura kathA batAyI jAtI hai jaba kazyapa RSi ne arbuda ( arAvalI ) parvata para mahAna tapa kiyA taba anya RSiyoM ne unheM gaMgA lAne ke liye khaa| kazyapa ne ziva kI upAsanA kara unase gaMgA prApta kii| jisa sthAna para unheM gaMgA milI vaha sthAna kazyapatIrtha nAmase vikhyAta huA / gaMgA ko kAzyapI bhI kahA jAtA hai| viSNu bhagavAna ke vAhana garuDa ko inhoMne nArAyaNa mAhAtmya batAyA / kazyapa ke nAma para kazyapasaMhitA (vaidyakIya) kazyapottara saMhitA, kazyapasmRti va kazyapasiddhAnta ye cAra graMtha batAeM jAte hai / baudhAyana ne apane dharmasUtra meM kazyapa mata kA pratipAdana isa prakAra kiyA hai : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir "krItA dravyeNa yA nArI sA na patnI vidhIyate / sAna daive na sA pitrye dAsIM tAM kazyapo'bravIt / / " arthAt dravya dekara jisa strI ko kharIdA gayA, vaha patnI nahIM ho sktii| use daiva pitRkArya meM koI adhikAra nahIM hotaa| vaha kevala dAsI hotI hai| kazyapa kula meM chaha RSi hue haiM: kazyapa, avatsAra, naidhuva, raibhya, asita va devl| kazyapa kA gotra kAzyapa hai| zAMDilya gotra se inakA mela nahIM baitthtaa| jina brAhmaNoM ko apane gotra kA jJAna nahIM unakA gotra kAzyapa hI mAnA jAtA hai| kastUrI raMganAtha I. 19 vIM zatI kA prArambha kulanAma-vAdhUla / pitA vIrarAghava kavi mAtA kanakavallI guru zrIvatsarvazodbhava veMkaTakRSNamArya / aneka zAstroM meM pAraMgata / bAla-kiMgRhapurI ke nivAsI / "raghuvIra vijaya" nAmaka samavakAra (eka prakAra kA rUpaka) ke prnnetaa| - kastUrI zrInivAsa zAstrI samaya I. sa. 1833 se 1917) godAvarI jile ke (Andhra) kUcimaMcIvarI agrahAra gAMva ke nivAsI racanAeM zUlapANizatakam, stotrakadambaH, dvAdazamaMjarI, zivAnandalaharI zivapAdastutiH nRsiMhastotram va smudraassttkm| kAtyAyana ( vaiyAkaraNa) - "aSTAdhyAyI" para vArtika likhane vAle prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa jinheM "vArtikakAra kAtyAyana" ke nAma se khyAti prApta hai| zrI. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra 'mahAbhASya 3 / 2 / 118) meM inakA sthitikAla vi. pU. 2700 varSa hai| saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke munitraya meM pANini, kAtyAyana evaM pataMjali kA nAma AtA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa ko pUrNa banAne ke liye hI kAtyAyana ne apane vArtikoM kI racanA kI thI jinameM aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kI bhAMti hI prauDhatA va maulikatA ke darzana hote hai| inake vArtika, pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke mahattvapUrNa aMga haiM jinake binA vaha apUrNa lagatA hai| - For Private and Personal Use Only 1 prAcIna vAGmaya meM kAtyAyana ke liye kaI nAma Ate haiN| kAtya, kAtyAyana, punarvasu, medhAjit tathA vararuci, aura kaI kAtyAyanoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai- kAtyAyana kauzika, AMgirasa, bhArgava evaM kAtyAyana dvAmuSyAyaNa / "skaMdapurANa" ke anusAra inake pitAmaha kA nAma yAjJavalkya, pitA kA nAma - kAtyAyana aura inakA pUrA nAma vararuci kAtyAyana hai| kAtyAyana bahumukhI pratibhA se saMpanna vyakti the| inhoMne vyAkaraNa ke atirikta kAvya, nATaka, dharmazAstra va anya aneka viSayoM para sphuTa rUpa se likhA hai| inake graMthoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| svargArohaNa (kAvya) isakA ullekha "mahAbhASya" (4/3/110) meM "vAraruca" kAvya ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 289

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tathA samudragupta ke "kRSNacarita" meM bhI isakA nirdeza hai| isake aneka padya "zAraGgadhara paddhati", "saduktikarNAmRta" va "sUktimuktAvalI" meM prApta hote haiN| inhoMne koI kAvyazAstrIya graMtha bhI likhA thA jo saMprati anupalabdha hai, kintu isakA vivaraNa "abhinavabhAratI" va "zrRMgAraprakAza" meM hai| ___ inake anya graMthoM ke nAma haiM-"bhAja", "saMjJaka zloka" tathA "ubhysaarikaabhaann"| kAtyAyana ke nAma para kula 26 graMtha prApta hote haiN| kAtyAyana (smRtikAra) - "kAtyAyanasmRti" ke racayitA bhArataratna pI. vI. kANe ke anusAra inakA samaya IsA kI tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdI hai| inakA dharmazAstra viSayaka koI bhI graMtha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huA hai| vividha dharmazAstrIya graMthoM meM inake lagabhaga 900 zloka uddhRta haiN| dasa nibaMdha graMthoM meM inake vyavahAra saMbaMdhI uddhRta zlokoM kI saMkhyA 900 mAnI jAtI hai| ekamAtra "smRticaMdrikA" meM hI inake 600 zlokoM kA ullekha hai| jIvAnaMda saMgraha meM kAtyAyanakRta 500 zlokoM kA eka graMtha prApta hotA hai| yahI graMtha "karmapradIpa" yA "kAtyAyanasmRti" ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| isa graMtha ke aneka udAharaNa mitAkSarA va aparArka ne bhI diye haiN| kAtyAyanasmRti lekhaka kauna hai, yaha bhI vivAdAspada viSaya huA hai| kAsthakya - yaha nAma nirukta meM sAta bAra aura bRhaddevatA meM eka bAra nirdiSTa hai| isa nirdeza ke AdhAra para, kAtthakya AcArya, na kevala gaNyamAnya niruktakAra api tu baDe yAjJika bhI hoMge aisA vidvAnoM kA tarka hai| kAmaMdaka - prAcIna bhAratIya rAjyazAstra ke eka praNetA evaM rAjyazAstra viSayaka graMtha "kAmaMdakanIti" ke rcyitaa| inake samaya nirUpaNa ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya nhiiN| DA. anaMta sadAziva Altekara ke anusAra, "kAmaMdakanIti" kA racanAkAla 500 I. ke AsapAsa hai| isa graMtha meM bhAratIya rAjyazAstra ke katipaya lekhakoM ke nAma ullikhita haiM jinase inake lekhana kAla para prakAza paDatA hai| manu, bRhaspati, indra, uzanA, maya, vizAlAkSa, bAhudaMtIputra, parAzara va kauTilya ke uddharaNa, "kAmaMdakanIti" meM yatra tatra prApta hote haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA kauTilya ke bAda hI huI hogii| kAmaMdaka ne apane graMtha meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki isa graMtha ke lekhana meM kauTilya ke "arthazAstra" kI viSayavastu kA Azraya grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| "kAmaMdakanIti" kI racanA 19 sargoM meM huI hai| isa graMtha meM 1163 zloka haiN| graMthAraMbha meM vidyAoM kA vargIkaraNa karate hue unake 4 vibhAga kiye gae haiN| AnvAkSIkI, trayI, vArtA va dNddniiti| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki naya (nyAya) va anaya kA samyak bodha karAnevAlI vidyA ko daMDanIti kahate haiN| isameM varNita viSayoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai :- rAjya kA svarUpa, rAjya kI utpatti kA siddhAnta, rAjA kI upayogitA, rAjyAdhikAravidhi, rAjA kA AcaraNa, rAjA ke kartavya, rAjya kI surakSA, maMtrimaMDala, maMtrimaMDala kI sadasyasaMkhyA, kAryapraNAlI, maMtra kA mahattva, maMtra ke aMga, maMtra ke bheda, maMtraNA-sthAna, rAjakarmacAriyoM kI AvazyakatA, rAjakarmacAriyoM ke AcAra va niyama, dUta kA mahattva, yogyatA, prakAra va kartavya, cara va usakI upayogitA, koza kA mahattva, Aya ke sAdhana, rASTra kA svarUpa va tattva, sainya, bala, senA Adi ke aNg| kAmaMdakakRta vividha rAja maMDaloM ke nirmANa kA varNana bhAratIya rAjyazAstra ke itihAsa meM, abhUtapUrva dena ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| kAmAkSI - taMjaura jile ke gaNapati agrahAra kI nivaasii| paMcapAgezAcArya kI knyaa| kAlidAsa ke anukaraNa para racanA "rAmacaritam" jisameM kAlidAsa ke zabda tathA vAkyoM kA pracura prayoga hai| pati- vidvAn muthukRssnn| kaDalora meM saMskRta kI praadhyaapikaa| samaya 19 vIM shtii| samasta lekhana kArya vaidhavyAvasthA meM huaa| sabhI kRtiyAM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| kAlanAtha- I. 12 vIM shtii| yajurmanjarI ke lekhk| yajurmanjarI, yajurvidhAnAntargata lagabhaga 250 maMtroM kA bhASya hai| kAlanAthAcArya ne apane graMtha meM apanA paricaya diyA hai| tadanusAra ve mahArAja devarAjA ke sabhApaNDita aura paMcanada ke nivAsI the| saMbhavataH yaha sthAna rAjasthAna samIpavartI hogA aisA vidvAnoM kA tarka hai| yajurmaMjarI, uvaTabhASya kI chAyAmAtra pratIta hotI hai| kAlahastI- "vasucaritracaMpU' nAmaka kAvya ke rciytaa| ye appaya dIkSita ke ziSya kahe jAte haiN| samaya 17 vIM shtii| "vasucaritracaMpU' abhI taka aprakAzita hai| usakA vivaraNa taMjaura kaiTalAga saMkhyA 4/46 meM prApta hotA hai| kAlidAsa- mahAkavi kAlidAsa saMskRta ke sarvazreSTha kavi va nATakakAra tathA bhAratIya sAhitya aura prAcIna bhAratIya aMtarAtmA ke pratinidhi haiN| bhAratIya sauMdarya-darzana kI sabhI vibhUtiyAM inake sAhitya meM samAhita ho gaI haiN| aise suprasiddha kavi kA jIvanacaritra adyApi anumAna kA viSaya banA huA hai| mahAkavi ne apane graMthoM meM sthAna-sthAna para jo vicAra vyakta kiye haiM, unase unakI prakRti kA patA calatA hai| apane "raghuvaMza"mahAkAvya ke prathama sarga meM kavi ne apanI vinamra prakRti kA paricaya diyA hai| apanI pratibhA ko hIna batAte hue mahAkavi, raghu jaise tejasvI kula ke varNana meM svayaM ko amartha pAte haiM aura choTI nAva dvArA sAgara ko pAra karane kI taraha apanI mUrkhatA pradarzita karate hai (1/2-4) / kavi, vidvAnoM kI mahattA svIkAra karate hue, unakI svIkRti para hI apanI racanA ko saphala mAnatA haiM (zAkuMtala 1/2) / kavi hone para bhI unameM Alocaka kI pratibhA vidyamAna hai| ve pratyeka prAcIna vastu ko isaliye stutya nahIM mAnate ki vaha purAnI hai aura na naye 290 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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padArtha ko kevala navInatA ke kAraNa burA mAnate haiM ( mAlavikAgnimitra 1/2 ) / aneka vyaktiyoM ne kAlidAsa kI prazastiyAM kI haiM, tathA aneka graMthoM meM unakI prazaMsA ke padya prApta hote haiN| udA.rAjazekhara, daMDI, bANa (harSacarita 1/16), tilaka maMjarI (25), AryA- saptazatI (35), soDDala, kRSNabhaTTa, somezvara, zrIkRSNa kavi, bhoja va subhASitaratnabhAMDAgAra (2/19, 2/21) / inake suprasiddha kAvya "meghadUta" ke tibbatI tathA siMhalI bhASA meM prAcIna kAla meM hI anuvAda ho cuke haiN| kAlidAsa upamA-samrAT mAne jAte hai- (upamA kAlidAsasya") aura kavikulaguru tathA kavitAkAminI ke vilAsa jaise durlabha upAdhiyoM se bhUSita haiN| kAlidAsa ke jIvana va janma tithi ke bAre meM vidvAnoM kA ekamata nahIM isake kaI kAraNa batAye gae haiN| svayaM kavi kA apane viSaya meM kucha bhI na likhanA, inake nAma para kaI prakAra kI kiMvadaMtiyoM kA pracalita honA tathA kRtrima nAmoM kA jur3a jAnA aura kAlAMtara meM saMskRta sAhitya meM "kAlidAsa " nAma kI upAdhi ho jaanaa| kiMvadaMtiyoM ke anusAra ye apane jIvana ke prAraMbhika varSoM meM kamUrkha the, tathA Age calakara devI kAlI kI kRpA se ye mahAn paMDita bne| kiMvadaMtiyAM inheM vikrama kI sabhA kA ratna va bhoja kI rAjasabhA kA kavi bhI batalAtI hai| inake bAre meM laMkA meM bhI eka janazruti pracalita hai| tadanusAra laMkA ke rAjA kumAradAsa kI kRti "jAnakIharaNa" kI prazaMsA karane para ye rAjA dvArA laMkA bulAe gae the| isI prakAra inheM "setubaMdha" mahAkAvya ke praNetA pravarasena kA mitra kahA jAtA hai evaM mAtRkeTa se ve abhitra mAne jAte haiN| inake janma-sthAna ke bAre meM bhI yahI bAta hai| koI inheM baMgAlI, koI kAzmIrI, koI mAlava-nivAsI, koI maithila, evaM koI baksara ke pAsa kA rahane vAlA batalAtA hai| kAlidAsa kI kRtiyoM meM ujjaina ke prati adhika AtmIyatA pradarzita kI gaI hai| ataH adhikAMza vidvAna inheM mAlava nivAsI mAnane ke pakSa meM haiN| idhara vidvAnoM kA jhukAva isa tathya kI aura adhika hai ki inakI janmabhUmi kAzmIra va karmabhUmI mAlavA thI padmabhUSaNa ma.ma. DaoN. mirAzI vidarbha pradeza se bhI inakA saMbaMdha joDate haiN| kAlidAsa ke sthiti-kAla ko lekara bhAratIya va pAzcAtya paMDitoM meM atyadhika vAda-vivAda huA hai| inakA samaya IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI se lekara I. chaThI zatAbdI taka mAnA jAtA rahA hai| paraMparAgata anuzruti ke anusAra mahAkavi kAlidAsa, samrAT vikramAditya ke navaraloM meM se eka the| inake graMthoM meM bhI vikrama ke sAtha rahane kI bAta sUcita hotI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki kAlidAsa ke "zAMkutala" kA abhinaya vikrama kI "abhirUpa-bhUyiSThA" pariSada meM hI huA thaa| "vikramorvazIya nATaka meM bhI "vikrama" kA nAma ullikhita hai / "anutsekaH khalu vikramAlaMkAraH " isa vAkya se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kAlidAsa kA vikrama se saMbaMdha rahA hogA abhinaMdakRta "rAmacarita mahAkAvya" ke "khyAtiM kAmapi kAlidAsakRtayo nItAH zaMkArAtinA " isa kathana se bhI vikrama ke sAtha mahAkavi ke saMbaMdha kI puSTi hotI hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki kAlidAsa zakArAti arthAt zaka AkrAntAoM ko parAsta karane vAle vikrama kI sabhA meM rahe hoNge| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAlidAsa ke samaya nirUpaNa ke bAre meM tIna mata pradhAna haiM- (ka) kAlidAsa kA AvirbhAva SaSTha zataka meM huA thA, (kha) inakI sthiti guptakAla meM thI aura (ga) vikrama saMvat ke AraMbha meM ye vidyamAna the| prathama mata ke poSaka phargyusana prabhRti vidvAna haiN| inake matAnusAra mAlavarAja yazodharmA ke samaya meM kAlidAsa vidyamAna the| inhoMne chaThI zatAbdI meM hUNoM para vijaya prApta kara, usakI smRti meM 600 varSa pUrva kI tithi dekara mAlava saMvat calAyA thaa| yahI saMvat Age calakara vikrama-savaMt ke nAma se pracalita huA / ina vidvAnoM ne "raghuvaMza" meM varNita hUNoM kI vijaya ke AdhAra para kAlidAsa kA samaya chaThI zatAbdI mAnA hai tatra hUNAvarodhAnAM bhartRSu vyaktavikramam / kapolapATalAdezi babhUva raghuceSTitam / 1 (4/66) para yaha mata amAnya ho gayA hai kyoM ki kumAragupta kI prazasti ke raciyatA vatsabhaTTi (473 I.) kI racanA meM kAlidAsakRta "RtusaMhAra" ke kaI padyoM kA pratibiMba dikhAI detA hai| dvitIya mata ke anusAra kAlidAsa gupta kAla meM hue the| isameM bhI do mata haiM- eka ke anusAra ve kumAragupta ke rAjakavi the, aura dvitIya matAnusAra inheM candragupta dvitIya kA rAjakavi mAnA jAtA hai| pro. ke. bI. pAThaka ne inheM skaMdagupta vikramAditya kA samakAlIna kavi mAnA hai| inake anusAra vallabhadevakRta nimna zloka hI isa mata kA AdhAra hai"vinItAdhvazramAstasya siMdhutIraviceSTanaiH / dudhuvurvAjinaH skNdhaaNllgnkuNkumkesraan||" pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne inheM zakoM ko parAjita kara bhArata se bAhara khader3ane vAle candragupta dvitIya kA rAjakavi mAnA hai| "raghuvaMza" ke caturtha sarga meM varNita raghu-vijaya, samudragupta kI digvijaya se sAmya rakhatI hai tathA iMdumatI ke svayaMvara meM prayukta upamA ke varNana meM candragupta ke nAma kI dhvani nikalatI hai| para yaha mata bhI nahIM Tika pAtA kyoM ki dvitIya candragupta prathama vikramAditya nahIM the aura inase bhI pahale prAcIna mAlavA meM rAjya karane vAle eka vikrama kA patA laga cukA hai| ataH kAlidAsa kI sthiti guptakAla meM nahIM mAnI jA sktii| tRtIya mata ke anusAra kAlidAsa IsA pUrva prathama zatI For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 291. -

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ke mAne jAte haiN| ve vikramAditya ke navaratnoM meM pramukha mAne dvitIya sarga meM sudakSiNA va dilIpa ke udAtta svarUpa ke citraNa gae haiN| hAla kI "gAthAsaptazatI" meM vikrama nAmaka dAnazIla meM mAnavacaritra ke aMtaHsauMdarya kI abhivyakti huI hai| raghuvaMza rAjA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai (5/64) / smitha ke anusAra ke iMdumatI-svayaMvara meM dIpa-zikhA kI apUrva upamA ke kAraNa isakA racanA-kAla 70 I. ke AsapAsa hai| vidvAnoM ne vikrama kavi, "dIpazikhA-kAlidAsa" ke nAma se vikhyAta ho gaye hai| kA samaya IsA se eka sau varSa pUrva mAnA hai| inhIM vikramAditya kAlidAsa ne jahAM nAgarika jIvana kI samRddhi va vilAsitA ko "zakAri" kI upAdhi prApta huI thii| IsA ke 150 varSa kA citraNa kiyA hai vahIM taponiSTha sAdhakoM ke pavitra vAsa-sthAnoM pUrva, zakoM ke bhArata para AkramaNa kA vivaraNa prApta hotA kA bhI svAbhAvika citra upasthita kiyA hai| kavi kA mana hai| ataH isase "zakAri" upAdhi kI saMgati meM bhI koI jitanA ujjayinI, alakA va ayodhyA ke varNana meM ramA hai, bAdhA nahIM pdd'tii| bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne isa vikrama ko aitihAsika usase kama Asakti pArvatI kI tapaniSThA va kaNva RSi ke vyakti mAna kara unakI rAjasabhA meM kAlidAsa kI upasthiti Azrama-varNana meM nahIM dikhAI paDatI / svIkAra kI hai| abhinaMda ne apane "rAmacarita" meM isa bAta kAlidAsa rasaniSTha kalAkAra haiN| ve pradhAnataH zrRMgAra rasa kA ullekha kiyA hai ki kAlidAsa kI kRtiyoM ko zakAri kI aura AkarSita haiM kintu aja-vilApa, rati-vilApa va yakSa dvArA khyAtiprApta huI thii| ke azru-sikta saMdeza-kathana meM karuNA kA zrota umar3a paDatA kAlidAsa ke AzrayadAtA vikrama kA nAma maheMdrAditya thaa| hai| aja-vilApa va rati-vilApa meM atIta kI praNaya-krIDA kavi ne apane nATaka "vikramorvazIya" meM apane AzrayadAtA kI madhura smRti ke citra raha-raha kara pAThakoM ke hRdaya kI ke isa nAma kA saMketa kiyA hai| bauddhakavi azvaghoSa ne, tAroM kA jhaMkRta kara dete haiN| jinakA samaya vikrama kA prathama zataka hai, kAlidAsa ke aneka eka saphala nATakakAra hone ke kAraNa kAlidAsa ne apane padyoM kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| isase kAlidAsa kA samaya, donoM prabaMdhakAvyoM meM nATakIya saMvAdoM kA atyaMta kuzalatA ke vikrama saMvat kA prathama zataka siddha hotA hai| kAlidAsa ko sAtha niyojana kiyA hai| dilIpa-siMha-saMvAda, raghu-indra-saMvAda, uttarakAlIna mAnane vAle vidvAna, kAlidAsadvArA azvaghoSa kA va pArvatI-brahmacArI-saMvAda, utkRSTa saMvAda-kalA kA nidarzana anukaraNa mAnate haiN| karate haiN| kAlidAsa ko 7 kRtiyAM prasiddha haiM jinameM 4 kAvya tathA kAlidAsa ne apane graMthoM meM sthAna-sthAna para samasta bhAratIya 3 nATaka haiN| RtusaMhAra, kumArasaMbhava, meghadUta, raghuvaMza, vidyA ke prauDha anuzIlana kA paricaya diyA hai| inakI rAjanaitika mAlavikAgnimitra, vikramorvazIya va abhijnyaan-shaakuNtl| ina va dArzanika evaM sAmAjika mAnyatAeM Thosa AdhAra para adhiSThita kRtiyoM dvArA kAlidAsa bhAratIya saMskRti ke rasAtmaka vyAkhyAtA haiN| inhoMne jIvana ke zAzvata evaM sArvabhaumika tattvoM kA rasAtmaka siddha hote haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti ke 3 mahAna viSayoM- tapa, citra prastuta kara vAstavika artha meM "vizvakavi" kI upAdhi tapovana va tapasyA, kA inhoMne vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| prApta kI hai| zAkuMtala, raghuvaMza va kumArasaMbhava meM ina tInoM kA udAtta rUpa kAlidAsa viSayaka kathAe~ aMkita hai| kAlidAsa ke kAvya meM bhAratIya sauMdarya-tattva kA utkRSTa rUpa citraNa huA hai| manuSya evaM prakRti donoM kA madhura kAlidAsa kA koI adhikRta caritra upalabdha nahIM hai| saMparka va adbhuta ekarasatA dikhA kara kavi ne prakRti ke prAcIna sAhityikoM meM kAlidAsa-viSayaka jo bhI kucha kathAeM bhItara sphurita hone vAlI hRdaya saMvedanA ko pahacAnA hai| inake . pracalita haiM, ve hI usa mahAkavi kA caritra hai| ballAlakavi adhikAMza prakRti-varNana, svAbhAvikatA se pUrNa va rasamaya haiN| kRta "bhoja-prabaMdha" meM kAlidAsa-viSayaka vividha dantakathAeM kavi ne prakRti ko bhAvoM kA AlaMbana banA kara usake dvArA saMkalita kI gaI haiM jinase unake vyaktitva ke kucha pahaluoM rasAnubhUti karAI hai| kumArasaMbhava va zAkuMtala meM pazuoM para kA paricaya ho sakatA hai| unameM se kucha kathAeM saMkSepa meM prakRti ke mAdaka evaM karuNa prabhAva kA nidarzana huA hai| yahAM dI jA rahI haiM :kumArasaMbhava to mAnoM kavi kI sauMdarya-cetanA kI ramaNIya kAlidAsa kathA- 1 (vivAha) brAhmaNa-kula meM utpanna raMgazAlA hI hai| isameM kavi ne himAlaya ko jaDa sRSTi kA kAlidAsa ke mAtA-pitA use bAlyakAla meM hI chor3a kara cale rUpa na dekara, "devatAtmA" kahA hai jahAM para sabhI devatA ge| eka gvAle ne use pAla-posa kara baDA kiyaa| vaha Akara nivAsa karate haiN| aThAraha varSa kI Ayu taka anapaDha evaM jaDabuddhi hI thaa| sthAnIya rAjA kI kanyA sundara, suvidya tathA kalAbhijJa thii| ___ kAlidAsa bhAratIya sAMskRtika cetanA ke punarjAgaraNa ke usake vivAha ke liye usake pitA ne kaI vara dekhe para usa kavi hai| inakI kalAtmaka kavitA meM prema, sauMdarya va mAnavatA kanyA ko eka bhI pasanda na aayaa| taba rAjA ne Uba kara ko unnata karanevAle bhAvoM kI abhivyakti huI hai| raghuvaMza ke varasaMzodhana kA kArya apane pradhAna ko sauNpaa| kisI kAraNavaza 292 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAjakanyA se asaMtuSTa pradhAna ne use nIcA dikhAne ke liye, se tripurAri bhagavAn zaMkara kA bhI pauruSa AdhA raha gayA kAlidAsa ko hI vara banAnA caahaa| tadanusAra darabAra meM (ardhnaarii-ntteshvr)| rAjA ne isa para prasanna hokara mahAkavi kAlidAsa acche vastra pahane huA tathA paNDita-maNDalI ne ghirA ko lakSa suvarNa-mudrAoM se puraskRta kiyaa| huA praviSTa huaa| kanyA ne yaha jAnakara ki vaha mahApaNDita kAlidAsa kathA-4 (dezatyAga) kAlidAsa kavimaNDala meM apane ziSyoM ke sAtha upasthita hai, usakA suMdara rUpa dekhA sarvazreSTha hote hae bhI unakA vezyAgamana dhyAna meM rakhate hue tathA ziSyoM se bAtacIta kara, usakI parIkSA lii| monI paNDita rAjA bhoja mana meM khinna the| rAjA kA abhiprAya jAnakara ko, jisake rUpa meM kAlidAsa upasthita thA, baDA vidvAn jAna kAlidAsa bhI apane prati avajJA kA anubhava karate hue kara, usane apane vivAha ke liye cunaa| rAjasabhA meM upasthita nahIM hue| taba bhoja ne unheM bulavAyA ___parantu vivAha ke pazcAt zIghra hI bhaMDAphoDa hokara yaha satya tathA bar3e Adara se baitthaayaa| yaha dekha anya paNDitoM ko IrSyA usane jAnA ki kAlidAsa nirA mUrkha hai| vivAha hone se vaha huii| unhoMne Apasa meM carcA kara antaHpura kI eka dAsI ko kucha kara bhI na paaii| anta meM rAjakanyA ne use kAlI kI dhana dAna se saMtuSTa kara, usake dvArA kAlidAsa ke rAnI upAsanA kara, vidyA prApta karane ko khaa| kAlidAsa bhI ugra lIlAvatI ke sAtha avaidha sambandha kI jhUThI vArtA rAjA taka tapasyA meM juTa gayA tathA devI ko prasanna na hote dekha apanA pahuMcA dii| rAjA ne satya jAnane ke lie svayaM asvastha hone zISa devI ko arpaNa karane ko siddha huaa| yaha dekha devI kA bahAnA kara rAnI se pathya-bhojana mNgvaayaa| rAnI ne mUMga prasanna huii| usane usake sira para varada-hasta rkhaa| taba se dAla kI khicaDI rAjA ke sammukha rkhii| binA chilake kI vaha vidvAn tathA pratibhAsaMpanana kavi huA aura huA "kAlidAsa' mUMgadAla dekha kara rAjA ne kAlidAsa se pUchA- "mudgadAlI ke nAma se prasiddha / gadavyAlI kavIndra vituSA kthm"| kAlidAsa ne tvarita uttara kAlidAsa kathA-2 (kAvya-racanA kI preraNA) kAlIdevI diyA- "andhovallabhasaMyogAjjAtA vigatakaMcukI' (annarUpa se kRpA-prasAda pAkara kAlidAsa jaba ghara lauTA, taba usakI vallabha se milane ke kAraNa yaha vigatakaMcukI huI hai)| yaha patnI ne use pUchA- "asti kazcid vAg-vizeSaH' (ApakI sunakara rAnI lIlAvatI muskuraaii| isase rAjA ko avaidha saMbaMdha vANI meM kucha badala huaa)| prazna suna kara, jisakI vANI . ke prati vizvAsa ho gayA tathA usane kAlidAsa ko apanA devI ke prasAda se punIta huI thI usa kAlidAsa ne, dhArAvAhika deza choDa jAne kA Adeza diyaa| kAlidAsa ke cale jAne rUpa se usa prazna-vAkya kA eka-eka zabda lekara, usase para jaba rAnI ko kAraNa jJAta huA, to usane tIna prakAra se prArambha kara, do mahAkAvya tathA eka khaNDakAvya kI racanA divya kara apanI zuddhatA rAjA ke sammukha siddha kii| taba karate hue apanI patnI ko sunaayaa| "asti" zabda se pazcAtApa se dagdha rAjA kAlidAsa ke liye vilApa karane lge| kumArasambhava prArambha huaa| "kazcit" zabda se meghadUta prArambha phira unhoMne apanI sabhA meM samasyA rakhakara usakI pUrti ke huA, tathA vAgvizeSa ke "vAk" se raghuvaMza- mahAkAvya prasRta liye kavivRnda ko sAta dina kA samaya diyaa| kavimaNDala huaa| isa adbhuta kAvyastrota tathA pravAha se rAjaputrI stimita ne pUrti karane meM apane ko asamartha pAkara nagarI choDa kara ho gii| parantu jisakI preraNA se use yaha siddhi prApta huI anyatra jAnA nizcita kiyaa| kAlidAsa ne yaha jAna kara unake thI usa apanI patnI ko, vaha mAtA tathA guru mAnane lgaa| sammukha samasyA-pUrti kara dii| taba eka kavi ne rAjA ke pAsa isa nae rizte se usakI patnI baDI asaMtuSTa huI tathA krodha vaha samasyApUrti rakha use svayaM kI racanA btaayaa| kintu rAjA se usane zApa diyA ki usakI mRtyu kisI strI ke hI hAthoM ne kAlidAsa kI hI racanA jAna kara unheM khoja nikAlA tathA hogii| isa prakAra bhizapta hokara. kAlidAsa kA jIvanapravAha svayaM jAkara unheM ve sammAnapUrvaka apane sAtha vApasa le aae| nae rUpa se prasRta huA tathA usakA adhikatara samaya vezyAoM kAlidAsa ke punarAgamana se rAja-sabhA kAvyagoSThI se punaH ke sahavAsa meM bItane lgaa| camaka utthii| kAlidAsa kathA-3 (vezyAsakti) kAlidAsa kI vezyA kAlidAsa kathA-5 (ekazilAnagarI meM) eka bAra zrIzaila -laMpaTatA ke kAraNa rAjA bhoja kI sabhA ke sabhI paMDita unase se koI brahmacArI rAjasabhA meM aayaa| usakI alpa Ayu dekha ghRNA karane lge| rAjA bhI isase baDe cintita hue| eka kara rAjA prabhAvita hue| unakI kyA sevA kI jAve yaha puuchaa| samaya sabhA meM baiThe rAjA ke mana meM vicAra AyA- "yaha brahmacArI ne kahA- "rAjan, hama vArANasI jA rahe haiN| rAste prajJAvAn kavi vezAgamana jaisA pramAda karatA hai, yaha sarvathA meM manovinoda ke liye kAvyagoSThI ke liye Apake paNDitavRMda anucita hai"| kAlidAsa ne rAjA kA mAnasa jAnakara kahA- . sapatnIka hamAre sAtha prasthita hoN"| rAjA ne tadanusAra Adeza anaMga kAmadeva kI caMcalatA se devatA bhI prabhAvita haiM, phira diyaa| rAjasabhA ke sabhI paNDita brahmacArI ke sAtha ge| manuSyoM kI kyA kthaa| dekhiye na, isa dahanazIla kAmavikAra akele kAlidAsa nahIM ge| unhe kAraNa pUchane para unhoMne saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 293 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kahA- "rAjan, kAzItIrtha ko ve loga hI jAte hai, jo bhagavAn zaMkara se dUravartI hoN| jisake hRdaya meM hI umApati kA nivAsa ho usake liye vahI bar3A tIrtha hai|" paNDitoM ke kAzI kSetra kI ora prayANa karane ke bAda rAjA ne kAlidAsa se pUchA- "tumane Aja koI vArtA sunii|" kAlidAsa ne "hAM" kahate hue kahA- "meru-mandAra kI guphAoM meM, himAlaya para mahendrAcala para, kailAsa ke zilAtala para, malaya parvata ke anyAnya bhAgoM para tathA sahayAdri para bhI cAraNagaNa ApakA hI yazogAna karate haiM aisA maine sunA hai"| yaha uttara sunakara rAjA bahuta prasanna hue tathA kAlidAsa ko vizeSa dhana dekara puraskRta kiyaa| phira bhI brahmacArI ke sAtha kAlidAsa ke na jAne se bhoja ne socA ki yaha kavi vezyAlaMpaTa hone se hI merI AjJA kA ullaMghana kara, nahIM gyaa| isa vicAra se unhoMne AtmaglAni kA anubhava kiyA tathA kAlidAsa kI avajJA kii| taba kAlidAsa turanta dhArA nagarI se prasthAna kara ekazilA nagarI ke rAjA ballAla kI sabhA meM phuNce| vahAM apanA paricaya dekara unhoMne rAjA kA yazogAna kiyaa| usase prasanna hokara rAjA ne unheM Azraya diyaa| eka bAra rAjA ne unheM ekazilA nagarI kA varNana karane ke liye khaa| kAlidAsa ne eka zloka prastuta kiyA, jisakA bhAva thA "ekazilA nagarI meM vicaraNa karanevAle yuvaka svayaM ko pagapaNa para binA kisI aparAdha ke zRMkhalA - baddha pAte haiM kyoM ki ve hariNI ke samAna netroM vAlI vahAM kI sundariyoM ke kaTAkSoM se apane ko pIDita pAte haiM yaha sunakara ballAla nRpa baDe prasanna hue| kAlidAsa kathA 6 (pratyAgamana) kAlidAsa ke paradezagamana se bhoja baDe dukhI the| rAjA kI khinnatA tathA kRzatA dekha maMtriyoM ne socA ki kAlidAsa kI vApasI se hI rAjA prasanna hoNge| sabakI mantraNA se eka amAtya ballAla rAjya meM kAlidAsa ke pAsa pahuMcA tathA unheM eka patra diyaa| usameM thA "he kokila, AmravRkSa para ciranivAsa kara anya vRkSa kA Azraya lete tuma lajjita nahIM hote| tumhArI vANI to AmravRkSa para hI zobhA detI hai, na ki khaira yA palAza jaise jhAr3oM pr|" kAlidAsa ne patra paDhA tathA rAjA kI avasthA sunii| phira ballAlanupati se bidA lekara ve turaMta mAlaya deza vApisa aae| rAjA bhoja ne apane parivAra ke sAtha unakA svAgata kiyaa| kAlidAsa kathA-7 (bhojo divaM gataH) ekabAra bhoja ne kAlidAsa se kahA- "merI mRtyu kA varNana karo" / taba kAlidAsa kruddha ho ge| unhoMne rAjA kI nindA kI aura unakI vezyA vilAsavatI ke sAtha ve ekazilA nagarI ko cale ge| kAlidAsa ke viraha se udvigna tathA trasta rAjA bhI unheM 294 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa khojane ke liye, kApAlika kA veza dhAraNa kara, nikala pdde| ghUmate-ghUmate ve ekazilA nagarI meM praviSTa hue kAlidAsa ne kApAlika ko dekhakara vinaya se pUchA- "he yogirAja, ApakA nivAsa kahAM hai|" yogI ne batAyA- "hama dhArAnagarI meM rahate haiN"| taba kAlidAsa ne bhoja kI kuzala puuchii| yogI ne batAyA"bhojo divaM gataH " yaha sunate hI kAlidAsa bhUmi para gira paDe tathA vilApa karane lge| unake mukha se zloka prasphuTita huA "adya dhArA nirAdhArA / nirAlambA sarasvatI / paNDitAH khaNDitAH sarve / bhojarAje divaM gate / / " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zloka suna yogI saMjJAhIna hokara gira paDA / use hoza meM lAne ke prayAsa meM kAlidAsa ne unheM pahacAna liyA ki vaha bhoja hI hai| hoza meM Ane para unase kahA "Apane merI vaMcanA kii| phira ukta zloka ko unhoMne nimna rUpa diyA "adya dhArA sadAdhArA / sadAlambA sarasvatI / paNDitA maNDitAH sarve / bhojarAje bhuvaM gate / / " prasanna hue bhoja ne unheM AliMgana diyA aura unheM sAtha lekara dhArAnagarI ko prasthita hue| kAlidAsa kathA-8 (kuntalezvara dautya) candragupta vikramAditya kI kanyA prabhAvatI kA vivAha vAkATaka rAjA dvitIya rudrasena se huA thaa| rAjA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt rAnI prabhAvatI ne apane alpavayIna putra ko gaddI para baiThAyA, tathA vaha svayaM kArobAra dekhane lgii| usake zAsana kA hAla jAnane ke liye candragupta ne kAlidAsa ko vidarbha bhejaa| jaba kAlidAsa vahAM kI rAjasabhA meM upasthita hue to unheM ucita sthAna para nahIM baiThAyA gyaa| taba ve bhUmi para baiTha ge| sabhAsadoM ke haMsane para unhoMne bhUmi kA mahattva varNana kiyA- 'meru parvata tathA sapta sAgara isa bhUmi para hI sthita haiM, tathA ise zeSa nAga ne apane sira para dhAraNa kiyA hai| isa liye mere samAna logoM ke baiThane ke liye yahI yogya sthAna hai|" taba kAlidAsa kA ucita sammAna huaa| lauTakara candragupta ko unhoMne batAyA"he rAjana, kuntalezvara (pravarasena dvitIya) apane zAsana kA sArA bhAra Apake Upara DAla kara, svayaM vilAsa meM magna haiN|" kAlidAsa dvArA yaha jAna kara candragupta ne kahA ki pravarasena aisA hI kreN| yaha ThIka hai| "pibatu madhusugandhInyAnanAni priyaannaam| mayi vinihitabhAraH kuntalAmadhIzaH / / " kAlidAsa kathA - 9 (lIlApuruSa) eka bAra rAjA bhoja ke sira meM darda prAraMbha huaa| upacAroM se kama hone ke badale, vaha adhikAdhika baDhatA gyaa| rAjavaidyoM ke upacAra nirarthaka For Private and Personal Use Only

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hue dekha Ayurveda para se bhoja kA vizvAsa atyaMta zithila yoge viyoge divasoGganAyA huaa| taba azvinIkumAra brAhmaNa-veza dhAraNa kara, Ayurveda meM aNoraNIyAn mahato mhiiyaan||" vizvAsa kI punaH sthApanA karane ke liye svarga se upasthita Azaya "meM yajJopavIta hAtha meM lekara zapathapUrvaka kahatA hue| unhoMne zalya-cikitsA dvArA siradarda kA mUla kAraNa naSTa hUM ki aGganA ke sahavAsa meM dina choTe se choTA usake kara rAjA ko svastha tathA Azvasta kiyaa| prasanna hokara rAjA viyoga meM bar3e se bar3A hotA hai|" ne pathya puuchaa| unhoMne batAyA yaha pUrti suna, virodhI sabhya bhI kAlidAsa kA Adara karane lge| ___ "manuSyoM ke liye pathya uSNa jala se snAna, dugdhapAna tathA kAlidAsa kathA - (12) (pratyutpanna buddhi) - eka bAra kulIna striyoM se saMgata aura--1" "manuSya" kA nirdeza sunakara dhanaMjaya kavi bhoja kI sabhA meM Ae tathA rAjA ke sammukha rAjA ne pUchA- "phira, Apa kauna hai|" aura unakA hAtha apanA zloka sunAne ko prastuta hue| itane meM kAlidAsa ne pakaDa liyaa| taba antarhita hote hue ve bole- "zeSa bhAga unase bAtacIta karate hue unakA likhA zloka pddhaa| Azaya kAlidAsa btaayeNge| mahAkavi ne turaMta batAyA "snigdhamuSNaM ca yaha thA - "mAgha kAvya meM 100 apazabda haiM, bhArata meM 300, bhojanam" tathA kAlidAsa ke kAvya meM agaNita apazabda hai| akelA Azcarya se cakita hokara rAjA ne vaha vRtta sabako sunaayaa| dhanaMjaya hI aisA kavi hai jisake kAvya meM apazabda nahIM hai| taba sabhI vismita hue aura kAlidAsa ko "lIlApuruSa" mAnane dhanaMjaya ke parokSa, kAlidAsa ne apazabda ke badale "Apazabda" lge| kara diyaa| isase dhanaMjaya ke zloka paDhane para sArI sabhA kAlidAsa kathA-10 (dInasahAyaka) rAjA bhoja kI sabhA haMsane lgii| "Apazabda" kA artha jalavAcaka zabda hotA meM kAlidAsa apane pANDitya tathA pratibhA kA hI pradarzana nahIM hai| dhanaMjaya kavi sabhA meM lajjita huye tathA yaha kAlidAsa karate the api tu daridrI, jaDabuddhi brAhmaNoM ko puraskAra bhI kI hI karatUta hai jAna ge| dilAte the| eka bAra eka daridra brAhmaNa sabhA meM upasthita kAlidAsa kathA - (13) (asahAya ke sahAyaka) - huA tathA pANDityapradarzana ke liye pAsa kucha bhI na hone se, eka dariddha mandabaddhi vipra. madrI bhara cAvala kI poTalI liye. kevala puruSa sUkta kI prathama paMkti kA uccAra kara mauna khaDA rahA- rAjadarzana ke liye dhArA nagarI meM aayaa| jaba vaha eka vRkSa "sahasrazIrSA puruSaH sahasrAkSaH sahasrapAt" . ke nIce vizrAma kara rahA thA taba kucha zarAratI logoM ne . yaha suna sAre sabhya tathA rAjA haMsane lge| taba brAhmaNa usakI poTalI se cAMvala nikAla liye, tathA usameM thoDe kI dIna mudrA dekhakara, kAlidAsa bole- "calitazcakitazchannastava koyale rakha diye, vipra ko isa kA patA nahIM claa| jaba / sainye pradhAvati" (he rAjan, isa brAhmaNa ne bar3I khUbI se vipra sabhA meM pahuMca kara rAjA ke sammukha poTalI kholane lagA saMkSepa meM ApakI stuti kI hai| jaba ApakI senA kUca karatI taba koyele dekha kara daMga raha gyaa| lajjA se vaha adhovadana hai, taba hajAra sira vAlA zeSanAga vicalita hotA hai, indra ho gyaa| rAjA bhI baDe kruddha hue| isa samaya kAlidAsa usa cakita hotA hai| tathA sau pairoM vAlA sUrya senA ke saMcalana vipra kI sahAyatA ko prastuta ho kahane lage - "rAjan, krodha se ur3ane vAlI dhUli se Acchanna ho jAtA hai| apane mauna na kreN| vipra kA Azaya samajhane kI kRpA kareM / usakA Azaya hai - kA vaiziSTyapUrNa samarthana dekhakara daridra brAhmaNa kAlidAsa ke arjuna ne khANDava vana jalAyA, para usameM vidyamAna sArI pairoM para gira pddaa| rAjA ne bhI use ucita dravya pradAna kara divya auSadhiyAM jala gii| hanumAna ne laMkA jalAI para vaha bidA kiyaa| jalane para sone kI ho gii| bhagavAna zaMkara ne kAmadeva ko kAlidAsa kathA - (11) (zRMgAra-pravaNatA) - bhoja rAjA jlaayaa| yaha unakI kRti baDI ayogya thii| parantu logoM ko kI sabhA meM kAlidAsa ko nIcA dikhAne ke liye eka bAra saMtApa dene vAle dAridraya jalAne hetu yaha vipra Apake pAsa virodhI sabhyoM ne upaniSadvAkya hI samasyArUpa meM prastuta kiyA, AyA hai|" yaha soca kara ki kAlidAsa kI racanA zRMgArapracura hotI hai, vipra kI kRti kA yaha adbhuta artha jAna kara sAre sabhya jaba ki isakI pUrti meM zRMgAra nahIM A sktaa| ataH ve Azcarya se cakita hue tathA kAlidAsa kI sarAhanA karane lge| samasyApUrti meM hAra jaaeNge| samasyA thI : dhana pAkara vipra bhI prasanna haa| aNoraNIyAnmahato mahIyAn" (yaha brahmavarNana kaThopaniSat meM hai)| kAlidAsa vidyAvinoda - "zivAjIcaritam" kAvya ke kiMtu isakI pUrti bhI kAlidAsa ne zRMgAra rasa meM hI isa lekhk| prastuta kAvya kalakattA saMskRta-sAhitya-patrikA ke 11 prakAra kara dikhAI ve aMka meM kavi dvArA prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| yajJopavItaM paramaM pvitrm| kAlIcaraNa vaidya - I. 19-20 shtii| baMgAla ke nivAsI / kare gRhItvA zapathaM karomi / kRti-cikitsaasaarsNgrh| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 295 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAlIpada tarkAcArya (ma. ma.) - samaya 1888-1972 ii.| prakhara vaktA aura sazakta lekhk| chadmanAma kAzyapa kvi| janma pharIdapura jile ke koTalipArA unaziyA grAma meN| kAnyakubja mishr| madhusUdana sarasvatI tathA haridAsa siddhAntavAgIza ke vNshj| pitA-sarvabhUSaNa haridAsa zarmA / ucca zikSA bhATapADA meM, ma. ma. paNDita zivacandra sArvabhauma ke paas| 1931 meM kalakate ke rAjakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM nyAya ke praadhyaapk| "tarkAcArya", vidyAvAridhi", "tarkAlaMkAra" (zaMgerI maTha ke zaMkarAcArya dvArA), "mahAkavi" (hAvaDA saMskRta paNDita samAja dvArA) ko upAdhiyoM se vibhuussit| 1941 meM mahAmahopAdhyAya bne| 1961 meM rASTrapati dvArA pANDitya prazastipatra praapt| 1972 meM badevAna vi.vi. se DI.liTa. upAdhi se smmaanit| 1954 meM sevAnivattA abhinaya meM ruci| saMskRta nATya prayogoM meM inakI cArudatta. cANakya, candanadAsa, bhIma, yudhiSThira, rAma, kaNva, duSyanta, virATa va duryodhana kI bhUmikAeM suvikhyAta hai| kRtiyAM - (nATaka) - naladamayantIya, mANavaka-gaurava, prazAnta-ratnAkara, symntkoddhaar-vyaayog|| mahAkAvya-satyAnubhava, yogibhaktacarita / / kAvya-AzutoSAvadAna, aalok-timir-vair|| gdy-mnomyii| smaalocnaa-kaavycintaa| darzana-nyAyaparibhASA, jAtibAdhaka vicAra, IzvarasamIkSA, nyaayvaishessiktttv-bhed| inake atirikta ATha darzana graMthoM kI AlocanA / padyAnuvAda-ravIndrapraticchAyA, giitaaNjlicchaayaa| baMgAlI graMtha-navagItAcchAyA, caNDIchAyA tathA vividha pA aura nibNdh| . praNavapArijAta tathA saMskRta-sAhitya-pariSat-patrikA ke Apa saMcAlaka-saMpAdaka the| "kAzyapakavi" upanAma se katipaya sAhityika nibNdh| kAlIprasAda tripAThI - ayodhyA se 1930 se prakAzita "saMskatama" nAmaka sAptAhika kA AmaraNa saMpAdana kiyaa| kArNAjini - vyAsa va jaiminI se pUrvakAla ke vedAntI aacaary| punarjanma ke viSaya meM inakA mata hai ki anuzayabhUta karmoM ke dvArA prANiyoM kA nayI yoniyoM meM janma hotA hai| anuzaya kA artha hai bhoge hue karmoM ke atirikta zeSa karma / inake nAma para eva, smRti graMtha bhI hai| mitAkSarA, aparArka, smRticandrikA va zrAddhaviSayaka graMthoM meM inakI smRtiyoM kA ullekha hai| kAzakRtsra - eka prAcIna vaiyaakrnn| paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra inakA samaya 3100 varSa vi.pU. hai| inake vyAkaraNa, mImAMsA va vedAnta saMbaMdhI graMtha upalabdha hote haiN| pAtaMjala "mahAbhASya" meM inake "zabdAnuzAsana" nAmaka graMtha kA ullekha hai - "pANininA proktaM pANinIyam Apizalam kAzakRtsram iti|" mahAbhASya ke prathama Ahnika meM inake graMthoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai-kAzakRtsra zabdakalApa, dhaatupaatth| saMprati "kAzakRtsra vyAkaraNa" ke lagabhaga 140 sUtra upalabdha hue haiN| kAzirAja, prabhunArAyaNa siMha - zAsanakAla 1889-1925 ii.| vedAnta meM prviinn| sUktisudhA nAmaka saMskRta patrikA meM racanAeM prakAzita / "pArthapAtheya' nAmaka uparUpaka ke prnnetaa| kAzIkara ciM. ga. - puNe nivaasii| racanA - AyurvedIya pdaarthvijnyaanm| isameM Ayurveda kI pArzvabhUmi vizada kI gaI hai| Apa puNe vizvavidyAlaya dvArA DI. liTa. (DAkTara oNpha liTarecara) isa ucca upAdhi se vibhUSita vidvAna haiN| vaidika vAGmaya ke Apa vizeSajJa mAne gae haiN| kAzInAtha upAdhyAya - I. 18 vIM zatAbdI ke dharmazAstriyoM meM inakA nAma atyaMta mahattva kA hai| inhoMne "dharmasiMdhasAra" yA "dharmAbdhisAra" nAmaka vRhad graMtha kI racanA kI hai| graMtha kA racanA kAla 1790 ii.| upAdhyAyajI kA svargavAsa 1805 I. meM huA thaa| inakA janma mahArASTra ke ratnAgiri jile ke aMtargata golavalI nAmaka grAma meM huA thaa| ye kahADe brAhmaNa the| inake dvArA praNIta anya graMthoM ke nAma haiM - "prAyazcittazekhara" va "vitthtthl-RmNtrbhaassy"| dharmasiMdhusAra 3 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai va tRtIya pariccheda ke bhI do bhAga kiye gaye haiN| isa graMtha kI racanA "nirNayasAgara" ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| kAzinAtha zarmA dvivedI ("sudhIsudhAnidhi") - rukmiNIharaNa mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| yaha mahAkAvya 20 vIM zatI ke prasiddha mahAkAvyoM meM ginA jAtA hai| isakA prakAzana 1966 I. meM huA hai| dvivedIjI vArANasI ke nivAsI haiN| kAzIpati - maisUranareza kRSNarAja dvitIya ke pradhAna maMtrI najarAja (1739-59 I.) kA inheM samAzraya prApta thaa| kaunnddinyvNshii| Apa nyAyazAstra ke prakANDa paMDita aura saMgIta ke bhI marmajJa the| kRtiyAM-mukundAnanda (mizra bhANa) tathA zravaNAnandinI vyAkhyA (naMdarAja likhita "saMgItagaMgAdhara" kI ttiikaa| kApIraka mahAnaMda yati - I. 17 vIM zatAbdI ke eka aacaary| advaitabrahmasiddhi nAmaka graMtha ke rcyitaa| yaha grantha advaita darzana kA eka prAmANika grantha mAnA jAtA hai jisameM ekajIvatva hI vedAnta kA pramukha siddhAnta hai, isa vicAra kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| kAzyapa - pANini ke pUrva ke eka vaiyaakrnn| samaya 3000 varSa vi.pU. (paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusaar)| inake mata ke 2 uddharaNa "aSTAdhyAyI" meM prApta hote haiN| "tRSimRSikRSeH kAzyapasya" 1/2/25 aura "nodAttasvaritodayamagAryakAzyapagAlavA nAm" 8/4/67 / "vAjayasaneyaprAtizAkhya" meM bhI zAkaTAyana ke sAtha inakA ullekha hai| "lopaM kAzyapazAkaTAyanau" 4/5/| inakA vyAkaraNa graMtha saMprati aprApya hai| inake anya graMthoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : (1) kalpa :- kAtyAyana (vArtikakAra) ke anusAra aSTAdhyAyI (4/3/103) meM "kAzyapakalpa" kA ullekha hai, (2) chaMdaHzAstra :- piMgala ke "chaMdaHzAstra" meM (7/9) kAzyapa 296 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kA mata diyA gayA hai ki inhoMne tadviSayaka graMtha kI racanA kI thI, (3) AyurvedasaMhitA-nepAla :- ke rAjaguru paM. hemarAja zarmA ne "Ayurveda saMhitA" kA prakAzana saM. 1955 meM karAyA hai| (4) purANa :- "sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa' kI TIkA meM "kAzyapIya purANasaMhitA" kA ullekha hai (3/229) / "vAyupurANa" se patA calatA hai ki isake pravaktA kA nAma "akRtavraNa kAzyapa" thaa| kAzyapIya sUtra-"nyAyavArtika" meM (1/2/23) udyotakara ne kaNAdasUtroM ko "kAzyapIya sUtra" ke nAma se uddhRta kiyA hai| kAzyapa bhaTTabhAskara mizra - sAmaveda ke ArSeya brAhmaNa para inhoMne "sAmavedArSeyadIpa" nAmaka bhASya likhA thaa| kAzyapa bhaTTa sAyaNacArya ke samakAlIna hoMge aisA pratIta hotA hai| kibe, gaMgAdhara dattAtreya - madrakanyA-pariNayacaMpU, zivacaritracaMpU tathA mahAnATaka- sudhAnidhi nAmaka tIna graMthoM ke prnnetaa| samaya I. 17 vIM zatI kA aMtima caraNa ye udaya parivAra ke dattAtreya ke putra the| "madrakanyApariNayacaMpU" abhI taka aprakAzita kIrtivarmA - cAlukyavaMzIya (solaMkI) mahArAja trailokyamalla (san 1044-1068) ke putra / mAtA ketanadevI jisane zatAdhika jainamaMdiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| karnATaka kaarykssetr| samaya I. 11 vIM shtii| graMtha- govaidya (pazucikitsA grNth)| gurunaamdevcndr| Apa yoddhA bhI the| kizorIprasAda - rAsapaMcAdhyAyI zrImadbhAgavata kA hRdaya hai| usa para TIkA likhane kA kArya aneka vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| unameM "vizuddha-rasadIpikA" ke praNetA kizorIprasAda kA apanA vizeSa sthAna hai| "zrImadbhAgavata ke TIkAkAra" nAmaka graMtha meM kizorIprasAda ko viSNusvAmI saMpradAya kA anuyAyI batAyA gayA hai| kiMtu AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ke matAnusAra ye rAdhAvallabhI saMpradAya ke vaiSNava saMta the| isa saMpradAya kI rAdhA- bhAvanA kA prabhAva kizorIprasAda kI "vizuddha-rasa-dIpikA" nAmaka paMcAdhyAyI kI TIkA para bahuta adhika hai| isa TIkA meM bhaktimaMjUSA, bhaktibhAvapradIpa, kRSNayAmala evaM rAghavendra sarasvatI praNIta padya uddhRta haiN| yaha kizorIprasAdajI ke bhaktizAstrIya pAMDitya kA pramANa hai| kItha e. bI. - inakA pUrA nAma Arthara beriDola kItha thaa| ye prasiddha saMskRta premI AMgla vidvAna the| inakA janma 1879 I. meM briTena ke neDAbAra nAmaka prAMta meM, aura zikSA eDinabarA va AksaphorDa meM huii| ye eDinabarA vizvavidyAlaya meM saMskRta evaM bhASAvijJAna ke adhyApaka 30 varSoM taka rhe| inakA nidhana 1944 I. meM huaa| inhoMne saMskRta sAhitya ke saMbaMdha meM maulika anusaMdhAna kiyA hai| inakA "saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' apane viSaya kA sarvocca evaM prAmANika graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne saMskRta sAhitya va darzana ke atirikta rAjanItizAstra para bhI kaI prAmANika graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, jinameM adhikAMza saMbaMdha kA bhArata se hai| ye mekDonala ke ziSya the| inake dvArA praNIta graMtha isa prakAra hai : Rgveda ke aitareya evaM kauSItakI brAhmaNa kA dasa khaNDoM meM anuvAda (1920 I.), zAMkhAyana AraNyaka kA aMgrejI anuvAda (1922 I.), kRSNayajurveda kA do bhAgoM meM aMgrejI anuvAda (1924 I.), hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara (1928 I.), vaidika iMDeksa (mekDonala ke sahayoga se), rilIjana eNDa philaoNsAphI Aph veda eNDa upaniSadas, buddhisTa philAsAphI ina iMDiyA eNDa sIlona aura "saMskRta DrAmA" nAmaka graMtha / kIlahAna - DA. phrAnjha kIlahAna mUlatayA jarmana nAgarika the| kAlakhaNDa I. sa. 1840-1908 | saMskRta bhASA va vyAkaraNa ke prati vizeSa ruci| I.sa. 1866 meM puNe ke kAleja meM saMskRta va prAcya bhASA ke prAdhyApaka ke rUpa meM niyukti| "paribhASenduzekhara" kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kara inhoMne pataMjali ke mahAbhASya kI AvRtti kA prakAzana kiyaa| prAcIna bhAratIya zilAlekhoM, tAmrapaToM Adi kA adhyayana kara inhoMne guptakAla ke bAda ke rAjavaMzoM kA kAlakrama nirdhAraNa kiyA tathA kalacuri saMvat ke ArambhakAla kI khoja kii| tatkAlIna sarakAra ne "epigrAphikA iMDikA" nAmaka traimAsika inhIM kI preraNA se zuru kiyA thaa| kuNDina - I. 5 vIM shtii| taittirIya saMhitA ke bhASyakAra / taittirIya saMhitA se saMbaMdhita kANDAnukramaNI graMtha meM likhA hai ki taittirIya saMhitA ke padakAra aura vRttikAra kuNDina haiN| baudhAyana gRhyasUtra meM bhI "kauNDinyAya vRttikArAya" (kauNDinya vRttikAra) aisA ullekha hai| kuntaka (kuMtala) * samaya I.sa. 925-1025 / sAhitya zAstrIya "vakroktijIvita" nAmaka suprasiddha graMtha ke prnnetaa| isameM vakrokti ko kAvya kI AtmA mAna kara usake bhedopabheda kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana hai| kuMtaka ne apane graMtha meM "dhvanyAloka" kI AlocanA kI hai aura dhvani ke kaI bhedoM ko vakrokti meM aMtarbhUta kiyA hai| mahimabhaTTa ne inake eka zloka meM aneka doSa darzAe haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ye AnaMdavardhana aura mahimabhaTTa ke madhya meM hue hoNge| kuMtaka aura abhinavagupta eka dUsare ko uddhRta nahIM krte| ataH ye donoM samasAmayika mAne jAte haiN| isa prakAra kuMtaka kA samaya dazama zataka kA aMtima caraNa nizcita hotA hai| kAvyamImAMsA ke kSetra meM AnaMdavardhana ke pazcAt kuMtaka eka khyAtiprApta sAhityazAstrajJa haiN| inhoMne vakroktijIvita aura apUrvAlaMkAra nAmaka do graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| kuMtaka kA "vakroktijIvita" graMtha, vakrokti saMpradAya kA prasthAna graMtha evaM bhAratIya kAvya zAstra kI amUlya nidhi hai| isameM dhvani ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnane vAle vicAra kA pratyAkhyAna karate hue vaha zakti vakrokti ko saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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hI pradAna kI gaI hai| isameM vakrokti, alaMkAra ke rUpa meM prastuta na hokara, eka vyApaka kAvyasiddhAnta ke rUpa meM upanyasta kI gaI hai| isa graMtha meM vakrokti ke 6 vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| varNavakratA, padapUrvArddhavakratA, padottarArdhavakratA, vAkyavakratA, prakaraNavakratA va prbNdhvkrtaa| upacAravakratA nAmaka bheda ke aMtargata kuMtaka ne samasta dhvani prapaMca kA (usake adhikAMza bhedoM kA) aMtarbhAva kara diyA hai| vakrokti ko kAvya kI AtmA mAna kara kuMtaka ne apUrva maulika pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai aura yugavidhAyaka kAvyazAstrIya siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI hai| "apUrvAlaMkAra" meM kAvya viSayaka viziSTa bhUmikA spaSTa kI gaI hai| kuMdakuMdAcArya- jaina-darzana ke prasiddha AcArya / janma draviDa deza meN| digaMbara sNprdaayii| samaya-prathama zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne "kuMdakuMda" nAmaka graMtha kA praNayana kiyA jisakA drAviDa nAma "koNDakuNDa" hai| inake anya 4 graMtha bhI prasiddha haiM jinheM jaina-Agama kA sarvasva mAnA jAtA hai| graMthoM ke nAma haiM- niyamasAra, paMcAstikAyasAra, samayasAra, aura prvcnsaar| aMtima 3 graMtha jainiyoM meM "nATakatrayI' ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| kumbha (mahArANA)- samaya- 1433-1468 ii.| pitaa-mokl| patniyAM-kuMbhaladevI va apuurvdevii| mahArANA kumbhA medapATa (mevADa) meM cittaur3a ke rAjA the| inake graMthoM kA ullekha cittauDa ke kIrtistambha ke zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA hai| mahArANA kumbhA ke prasiddha graMtha haiM- 1. saMgItarAja yA saMgItamImAMsA, 2. bANaracita caNDIzataka para vRtti, 3. jayadevaracita gItagovinda kI rasikapriyA TIkA, 4. vAdyaprabandha, 5. rasa-ratnakoSa, 6. nRtyaratnakoza evaM 7. pAThyagIta, 8. saMgItakramadIpikA, 9. eka liMgAzraya aura 10. kumbhsvaamimNdaar| kukke subrahmaNya zarmA- racanA- zrIkRSNanRpodayaprabandhacampU (maisUra nareza kA critr)| anya rcnaa-shraavtii-jlpaatvrnnn-cmpuu| kacimAra- kAmazAstra ke aupaniSada khaNDa ke rcnaakaar| inake graMtha meM bhinna prakAra kI auSadhiyoM kA prayoga batAyA hai| isa prAcIna racanA kA nAma hai- kucimAratantra / vartamAna upalabdha racanA (jo adhUrI hai) I. 10 vIM zatI kI hogI aisA anumAna hai|| kumAradAsa- "jAnakIharaNa" nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| inake saMbaMdha meM ye tathya prApta haiM : (ka) inakI janmabhUmi siMhaladvIpa thI, (kha) ye siMhala ke rAjA nahIM the, (ga) siMhala ke itihAsa meM yadi kisI rAjA kA nAma kavi ke nAma se milatA julatA thA, to vaha kumAra dhAtusena kA thaa| parantu ve kumAradAsa se pRthak vyakti the, (gha) kavi ke pitA kA nAma mAnita va do mAmAoM kA nAma megha aura agrabodhi thaa| unhIM kI sahAyatA se inhoMne apane mahAkAvya kI racanA kI thI aura (Da) kumAradAsa kA samaya I. 7 vIM zatI mAnA gayA hai| "jAnakIharaNa" 20 sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai jisameM rAma-janma se lekara rAma-rAjyAbhiSeka taka kI kathA dI gaI hai| kumAradAsa kI prazasti me soDDhala va rAjazekhara ne nimna udgAra vyakta kiye haiM babhUvuranye'pi kumAradAsabhAsAdayo hanta kvindvste| yadIyagobhiH kRtinAM dravaMti cetAMsi caMdropala-nirmitAni / / -soDDhala jAnakIharaNaM kartuM raghuvaMze sthite sti| kaviH kumAradAsazca rAvaNazca yadi kSamaH / / __ -rAjazekhara, sUktimuktAvali (4-86) kumAradAsa kAlidAsottara (camatkArapradhAna mahAkAvyoM ke) yuga kI upalabdhi haiM jinakI kavitA kalAtmaka kAvya kI uMcAI ko saMsparza karatI hai| kumAralAta- samaya- I. 2 rI shtii| nAgArjuna ke samakAlIna / bauddha-darzana ke aMtargata sautrAMtika mata ke pratiSThApaka aacaary| takSazilA-nivAsI kiMtu alaukika vidvattA evaM prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke kAraNa kabaMdha ke adhipati dvArA apanI rAjasabhA meM sAdara aamNtrit| unhIM ke Azraya meM graMtha-racanA saMpanna / bauddha-paraMparA ke anusAra ye 4 prakAzamAna sUryoM meM haiM, jinameM azvaghoSa, deva va nAgArjuna Ate haiN| inake graMtha kA nAma hai"kalpanAmaNDatikA-dRSTAMta jo turaphAna meM DaoN. lUDarsa ko hastalikhita rUpa meM prApta huA thaa| isa graMtha meM AkhyAyikAoM ke mAdhyama se bauddha-dharma kI zikSA dI gaI hai| isa graMtha kA mahattva, sAhityika va sAMskRtika donoM hI dRSTiyoM se hai| pratyeka kathA ke prArambha meM kumAralAta ne bauddhadharma kI kisI mAnya zikSA ko uddhRta kiyA hai aura usake pramANa meM AkhyAyikA prastuta kI hai| kumAratAtAcArya- pitaa-veNkttaacaary| taMjauranareza raghunAtha nAyaka kA purohita / racanA- paarijaatnaattkm| kumArila bhaTTa- I. 7 vIM zatI ke prakhyAta dArzanika / mImAMsAdarzana ke tIna AdhArabhUta graMthoM- (zlokavArtika, taMtravArtika aura TapaTIkA) ke rciytaa| bauddha darzana kA khaMDana kara karmamArga kA pravartana tathA vaidika dharma kA punarujjIvana karane vAle isa dArzanika ne mImAMsA-zAstra me bhATTa-sampradAya kI sthApanA kii| vidyAraNyakRta zAMkaradigvajaya meM inheM skanda kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai| inake viSaya meM yaha kathA batAyI jAtI hai- sudhanvA rAjA ke darabAra meM inhoMne bauddha va jaina paMDitoM ko parAsta kiyA aura rAjA kI AjJA se yaha kaha kara ki "yadi veda sacce hoMge to mujhe coTa nahIM pahuMcegI", parvata kI coTI se kUda paDe kintu unheM koI kharoca taka nahIM aayii| bAda meM rAjA ne eka nAva meM sarpa rakha kara prazna kiyA- isameM kyA haiN| bauddha jaina paMDitoM ne kahA- isake bhItara sarpa hai| kintu kumArila bhaTTa ne kahA- isameM zeSazAyI kI mUrti hai aura vahI saca niklaa| isa kAraNa rAjA ne bauddha 298 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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va jaina paMDitoM kA tiraskAra kiyaa| jaina graMthoM ke anusAra kumArila bhaTTa, mahAnadI ke taTa pr| sthita jayamaMgala nAma gAvaM ke yajJezvara bhaTTa ke putra the| mAtA kA nAma candraguNA thaa| janmadivasa-vaizAkha porNimA, ravivAra, yudhiSThira saMvat 2110 / inheM jainiyoM ne sAkSAt yama kI upamA dI hai| inhoMne sarvaprathama jaiminisUtra-bhASya va jaina bhaMjana nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kI thii| kumArila bhaTTa prakhara karmakANDI the| bauddha mata kA khaNDana karane hetu bauddhoM se hI unake mata kA jJAna unhoMne prApta kiyaa| isa kAma meM bauddhoM ke sammukha unheM vedamAtA kI nindA bhI karanI par3I para pUrA bauddha mata jAna kara, unhoMne usakA khaNDana kiyA, tathA karmakANDa kI sthApanA kii| eka anya kathA ke anusAra eka bAra bauddhoM ne unheM apane mata kI puSTi ke liye pahADa para se kUdane ko khaa| ve saharSa taiyAra hue tathA "yadi veda pramANa haiM, to mujhe kucha nahIM hogA"-- aisA kaha kara kUda ge| ve jIvita to rahe, para "yadi" ke prayoga se, pramANyazaMkA prakaTa hone se unakA paira cauTa khA gyaa| vedamAtA kI anicchA se kI huI nindA tathA "yadi" kahakara prakaTa huI prAmANyazaMkA ke aparAdhoM ke liye unhoMne "tuSAgnisAdhana" kara prAyazcita kiyaa| jaba ve tuSAgni para baiThe the, unake pAsa vivAda karane tathA jJAnamArga kI mahattA sthApita karane zaMkarAcArya aae| unhoMne "tuSAgnisAdhana" na karane kI hArdika prArthanA kumArila bhaTTa se kii| ve nahIM maane| vAdavivAda ke liye unhoMne AcArya ko apane pradhAna ziSya maMDanamizra ke pAsa bhejaa| tuSAgnisAdhana se bhaTTa kI mRtyu baDI kaSTadAyaka rahI para unhoMne kRtanizcaya hokara vaha prAyazcitta liyaa| kumudacandra- katipaya vidvAnoM ke mata meM siddhasena divAkara kA aparanAma parantu yaha mAnyatA tathyasaMgata nahIM mAnI jaatii| gujraat-nivaasii| gujarAta ke jayasiMha siddharAja kI sabhA meM gAdI sIradeva ke sAtha inakA zAstrArtha huA thaa| samaya- I. 12 vIM shtii| rcnaa-klyaannmNdir-stotr| yaha stavana bhAvapUrNa aura sarasa hai| kumudendu- mUlasaMgha-nandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa ke vidvAn / mAghanandi saiddhAntika ke guru| karnATaka ke saMskRta kvi| samaya- I. 13 vIM shtii| pitA-padmanandI vrtii| mAtA-kAmAmbikA / pitavya-arhanandI vrtii| ye mantrazAstra ke bhI vidvAna the| graMtha :kumudendu-raamaaynn| kulakarNI, digambara mahAdeva- saMskRtAdhyApaka nyU iMgliza skUla, sAtArA / racanA-dhArAyazodhArA / isa laghukAvya meM kulakarNI ne mAlava-pradeza tathA usake itihAsa kA varNana kiyA hai| kulakarNI, sadAziva nArAyaNa- nAgapura kI saMskRta bhASA pracAriNI sabhA ke sNsthaapk| rcnaa-vyvhaarkosh| saMskRta bhavitavyam sAptAhika meM Apake aneka nibaMdha prakAzita hue| kulabhadra- kaarykssetr-raajsthaan| samaya- 13-14 vIM zatI / racanA-sArasamuccaya (330 pdy)| yaha dharma aura nItipradhAna sUktikAvya hai| kullUkabhaTTa- samaya- I. 12 vIM shtii| manusmRti kI TIkA manvarthamuktAvalI ke rcyitaa| baMgAla ke naMdanagAva meM vArendra brAhmaNa-kula meM jnm| pitA kA nAma-bhaTTa divAkara thaa| inake dharmazAstra viSayaka anya grantha haiM- smRtisAgara, zrAddhasAgara, vivAdasAgara va aashaucsaagr| zrAddhasAgara meM pUrvamImAMsA viSayaka carcA ke sAtha hI zrAddha sambandhI jAnakArI dI gayI hai| kRpArAma tarkavAgIza- maithila pnnddit| vArena hesTiMgja dvArA niyukta graMtha lekhana samiti ke sadasya / racanA-navyadharmapradIpikA / kRSNakavi-I. 17 vIM shtii| pitA-nArAyaNa bhaTTapAda / kRSNakavi ne kisI rAjA kA caritra-grathana dhanAzA se apane "tArAzazAGkam" nAmaka kAvya meM kiyA hai| yaha kAvya prakAzita ho cukA hai| kRSNakavi- racanA- rghunaathbhuupaaliiym| taMjaura ke rAjA raghunAtha nAyaka ke Azrita / Apane AzrayadAtA kA stavana tathA alaMkAroM kA nidarzana isa racanA meM kiyA hai| rAjA ke Adeza para vijayendratIrtha ke ziSya sudhIndrayati kI TIkA likhii| kRSNa kaura- racanA bhyNkkaavym| 16 srg| viSaya-sikkhoM kA itihaas| kRSNakAnta vidyAvAgIza (ma.ma.)- I. 19 vIM shtii| navadvIpa (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| kRtiyAM-gopAla-lIlAmRta, caitanyandrAmRta tathA kAminI-kAma-kautukam nAmaka tIna kAvya, nyAya-ratnAvalI, upamAna-ciMtAmaNi aura jagadIza kI "zabda-zakti-prakAzikA" para ttiikaaeN| kRSNa gAMgeya- pitaa-raameshvr| racanA- sAtrAjitIpariNayacampUH / kRSNacaMdra- eka puSTimArgIya aacaary| inhoMne brahma-sUtra para, "bhAva-prakAzikA" nAmaka mahattvapUrNa vRtti likhI hai| yaha vRtti, mAtrA meM vallabhAcArya jI ke "aNu-bhASya" se bar3ha kara hai| ye prasiddha puSTimatIya AcArya puruSottamajI ke guru the| kRSNajiSNu- samaya- I. 15 vIM shtii| bhaTTAraka ratnabhUSaNa AmnAya ke anuyaayii| pitaa-hrssdev| maataa-viirikaa| graMthavimalapurANa (2364) / anuja- maMgaladAsa kI sahAyatA se isa graMtha kI racanA huii| kRSNadatta maithila- I. 18 vIM shtii| bihAra meM darabhaMgA ke nikaTa ujhAnagrAma ke nivaasii| pitaa-bhvesh| maataa-bhgvtii| bhAI-purandara, kulapati tathA shriimaalikaa| paramparA se zaiva yA zAkta paNDita / sampati vaMzaja RddhinAtha jhA, darabhaMgA ke nikaTa lohanA meM saMskRti vidyApITha ke praacaary| nAgapura ke devAjIpaMta se samAzraya prApta / kRtiyAM- puraMjanavijayam, tathA kuvalayAzvIyam (nATaka), gItagopIpati va rAdhA-rahasya (kAvya), sAndrakutUhala. saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 299 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(prahasana) aura gItagoviMda para gaMgA nAmaka vyAkhyA, jo se racita jyotiHzAstra viSayaka graMtha hai| vidvAnoM dvArA samAdRta / rAdhAkRSNa ke sAtha gItagoviMda kA pratyeka gIta ziva-pArvatI-paraka kRSNanAtha nyAyapaMcAnana- I. 19 vIM shtii| bNgaalii| kRtiyAMbatAtI hai| racanAeM saMskRta-prAkRta-mizrita haiN| zAkuntala va ratnAvalI (nATakoM) para saMskRta TIkAeM / kRSNadAsa kavirAja- caitanya-mata ke mUrdhanya vaiSNava aacaary| kRSNanAtha nyAyapaMcAnana- I. 20 vIM shtii| bNgaalii| SaT-gosvAmiyoM ke samAna hI apane nirmala AcaraNa evaM janmagrAma-pUrvasthalI (baMgAla) kRti- "vAtadUtam" (duutkaavy)| bhakti-graMthoM ke praNayana dvArA bhakti kI prabhA caturdik chiTakAne kRSNapanta- I. 19-20 vIM shtii| pitaa-vaidynaath| pitAmahavAle bhaktoM meM kRSNadAsa kavirAja kI khyAti saba se adhika vizvanAtha, guru- raMgAppA baalaajii| unnIsavIM zatI ke uttarArdha hai| ve baMgAla ke bardavAna jile ke nivAsI the| ApakA janma tathA bIsavIM zatI ke prArambha meM praNIta racanAeM- kAmakaMdala 1496 I. meM huA thaa| pitaa-bhgiirth| mAtA- sunaMdA devii| (nATaka), ratnAvalI (gadya) tathA kAlikA (mandAkrAntA) shtk| mAtA-pitA bacapana meM hI paralokavAsI hue| jAti ke kAyastha / kRSNaprasAda zarmA ghimire- kAThamAMDU (nepAla) ke nivaasii| zyAmadAsa nAmaka apane bhAI ke nAstika vicAroM se ye bar3e 20 vIM zatI ke eka zreSTha saMskRta kvi| vidyAvAridhi evaM vyathita rahA karate the| bacapana meM hI graMtha-racanA meM saMlagna kaviratna ina upAdhiyoM se vibhuussit| Apake dvArA likhita 4 hue| inake pramukha saMskRta graMthoM ke nAma haiM- goviMda-lIlAmRta, mahAkAvya haiN| (1) zrIkRSNa caritAmRtam (do vibhAgoM meM kRSNakarNAmRta kI TIkA, prema-ratnAvali, vaiSNavASTaka, prakAzita), (2) nAciketasam. (3) vRtravadham aura (4) kRSNalIlAstava, rAgamAlA aadi| yyaaticritm| ina 4 mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta manoyAna aura ___ ApakI sarvazreSTha racanA hai- "caitnycritaamRt"| yaha graMtha zrIrAmavilApa nAmaka do khaMDa-kAvya tathA pUrNAhuti aura mahAmoha baMga-bhASA meM hai para usameM braja bhASA kA bhI paryApta mizraNa nAmaka do nATaka bhI zarmAjI ne likhe haiN| zrIkRSNagadyasaMgraha hai| isa 3 khaMDoM vAle graMtha meM caitanya mahAprabhu ke jIvana aura zrIkRSNapadyasaMgraha kI bhI racanA Apane kI hai| Apake caritra kA vistRta varNana hai| jisa prakAra gosvAmI tulasIdAsa dvArA nirmita satsUktikusumAMjali, satpuruSoM ke stutipara kAvyoM kA graMtha rAmacarita mAnasa hindI bhASI janatA ke liye sakala kA saMgraha hai| saMpAtisaMdeza eka saMdezakAvya hai| (kula graMtha 12) / zAstroM kA sAra tathA niHspaMda hai, usI prakAra kRSNadAsa kavirAja kRSNammAcArya Ara. vhI.- paMcama jArja ke rAjyabhiSeka para kA caitanya-caritAmRta baMgAla kI vaiSNava janatA ke liye pUjya hai| racita kAvya ckrvrtictvaariNsht| anya racanAeM- (1) sugama bhASA meM durgama tattvoM kA vizadIkaraNa isa graMtha-ratna kAdambarIsAraH, (2) harSacaritasAraH, (3) vemabhUpAlacaritam, (4) kI vizeSatA hai| bhaktoM ke Agraha para 79 varSa kI Ayu meM mahAkavisubhASitAni, (5) sAhityaratnamaMjUSA, (6) kavirAja ne isa graMtha kI racanA prAraMbha kI aura 7 varSoM meM subhASitazatakam, (7) prastutAMkuravimarzaH (8) viluptakautukam, graMtha pUrA kiyaa| (9) vRttavArtikaTIkA, (10) citramImAMsATIkA, (11) kRSNadAsa kavirAja ke samakAlIna nityAnaMdadAsa ke vikhyAta vANIvilApaH, (12) akalApivilApaH, (13) anyApadeza, graMtha premavilAsa meM kavirAja avasAna kI vicitra ghaTanA (14) vAyasavaizasam, (15) zrIdezika-triMzat, (16) ullikhita hai| tadnusAra kavirAja ne jaba sunA ki unake graMtha dharmarAjavijJaptiH, (17) bhAratagItA (svadezastutiparaka) aadi| kI ekamAtra hastalikhita prati ko DAkU lUTa meM le gae to ye sabhI kAvya mudrita ho cuke haiN| tatkSaNa inakI mRtyu ho gii| yaha ghaTanA 1598 I. kI hai| kRSNammAcArya- pitA- rNgnaathaacaary| tirupati ke nivaasii| isa prakAra ve pUre 102 varSa jIvita rhe| racanA- (1) mandAravatI, Adhunika zailI meM 18 prakaraNoM kA kRSNadAsa sArvabhauma bhaTTAcArya- I. 17 vIM shtii| upnyaas| (2) vilaaptrNginnii| (3) rsaannvtrNg-bhaann| tattvacintAmaNi, dIdhitiprasAriNI tathA anumAnAlokaprasAriNI nAmaka kRSNa mizra - samaya- I. 11 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| tIna racanAeM inake nAma para prApta haiN| ApakA "prabodhacaMdrodayam" nAmaka nATaka atyaMta vaiziSTyapUrNa kRSNadevarAya- vijayanagara ke raajaa| zAsanakAla 1509 se hai| yaha nATaka prayogakSama nahIM hai| phira bhI ucca dhArmika 1530 I. tk| tulavarAjavaMza meM jnm| pitA kA nAma nrs|| vicAra aura gaMbhIra tattvajJAna kA kAvyamaya AviSkAra karane meM kRtiyAM- telagu aura saMskRta meM katipaya rcnaaeN| saMskRta isa nATaka ne jo saphalatA prApta kI, vahI apane-Apa meM rUpaka-uSApariNaya, jAmbavatI-kalyANa, rasamaMjarI (gadyaprabaMdha) bahuta-kucha hai| isa nATaka ke pAtra mAnavI nahIM, ve bhAvarUpa telagu graMtha madAlasAcarita, satyAvadhUsAntvana, sakalakathAsaMgraha evaM pratIkAtmaka haiN| AdhyAtmika bhAvanAoM ko rUpakoM dvArA aura jnyaan-cintaamnni| dRzya karate hue, isa nATaka meM unakA paraspara saMbaMdha bhalI kRSNadaivajJa- samaya 17 vIM shtii| racanA- krnnkaustubh| yaha bhAMti darzAyA gayA hai| isa nATaka kA uddezya hai viSNubhakti paMcAgazuddhi ke prayAsa hetu chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ke Adeza kI mahimA sthApita krnaa| inakI isa nATya-zailI kA anukaraNa 300 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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adyAvadhi cAlU hai| gaNapatistuti,karkoTakastuti, rAmacaMdrastuti, abhava-stuti, kRSNastuti, kRSNa mizra 'haMsa' kSeNI ke saMnyAsI tathA zAMkarAdvaitamata ke vizvArdhikastuti, kRSNacaritam, abhinavakaustubhamAlA, kramadIpikA, pracAraka bhe| inakA eka ziSya darzanazAstra ke adhyayana meM zAMkarahRdayAMgana, vRndAvanastuti (rAsavarNana), kAlavadha (mArkaNDeya anutsuka thaa| use mArga para lAne ke liye inhoMne "prabodha kathA), govindAbhiSekam (zrIcihnakAvyam) aura kRSNakarNAmRtam candrodaya" kI racanA kI thii| isa nATaka kA kathAnaka bhAgavata jisase Apa vikhyAta hue| se liyA gayA hai| nATaka kI prastuti meM rAjA kIrtivarmA apane kRSNazAstrI - I. 19 vIM shtii| pUrNa nAma-brahmazrI paritiyakRSNa senApati gopAla kI sahAyatA se karNadeva ko harAtA hai isakA shaastrii| janma kalamagavaDI grAma (tAmiLanADU) meN| keralanareza ullekha kara, kRSNamizra isa Anandotsava meM prastuta nATaka ke rAmavarmA kA Azraya prApta / kAvya, darzana, vyAkaraNa va dharmazAstra prayukta hone kI ghaTanA kA nirdeza karate hai| kIrtivarmA kA meM nipunn| guru-vidyAnAtha dIkSita / Apane 16 varSa kI avasthA kAla, I. 1049 se 1100 hai| ataH kRSNa mizra kA kAla meM hI "kaumudI-sauma" nAmaka nATaka kI racanA kii| I. 11 vIM zatI nizcita hotA hai| kRSNa sArvabhauma- aparanAma kRSNanAtha sArvabhauma bhaTTAcArya / kRSNamUrti- I. 17 vIM zatI kA uttraardh| vasiSTha gotrIya / samaya- I. 18 vIM shtii| nivAsasthAna-pazcima baMgAla kA pitaa-srvshaastrii| kRtiyAM- madanAbhyudaya (bhANa) aura yakSollAsa shaaNtipur| inhoMne navadvIpa ke rAjA raghurAma rAya kI AjJA se (kaavy)| inhoMne svayaM kA nirdeza abhinava kAlidAsa ke rUpa "padAGkadta" kI racanA kI thii| isa tathya kA nirdeza inhoMne meM kiyA hai| apane isa dUtakAvya ke aMta meM kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM kRSNamUrti- I. 19 vIM shtii| racanA- kngknnbndh-raamaaynnm| kRSNasArvabhauma ne zrIkRSNa ke eka padAGaka ko dUta banA kara yaha rAmAyaNa kevala eka zloka kA hai| isa eka zloka ke kisI gopI dvArA kRSNa ke pAsa saMdeza bhijavAyA hai| 64 artha nikalate haiN| usameM pUrI rAma-kathA samAviSTa hai| __apane pitA durgAdAsa cakravartI kI bhAMti ye bhI kRSNa-bhakta kRSNarAma vyAsa- AyurvedAcArya / jayapura-nivAsI zrI. kundanarAma the| inheM sAmaMta ciMtAmaNi, rAmajIvana tathA unake putra rAjA ke jyeSTha putr| janma 1871 ii.| jayapura ke sbhaa-pNddit| inakI raghurAma rAya (1715-1728 I.) ina tInoM se samAzraya prApta prasiddha kRtiyAM haiM- 1. kacchavaMza-mahAkAvyam, 2. thaa| anya kRtiyAM- 1. AnaMdalatikA (nATaka), 2. kaSNa-padAmRta jayapuravilAsakAvyam, 3. sArazatakam, 4. muktakamuktAvalI, 5. (stotra) aura 3. mukuMdapada- mAdhurI (saTIka kaarikaaeN)| jayapuramelakutukam, 6. AryAlaMkArazatakam, 7. gopAlagItam, kRSNasudhI- paM. jagannAtha ke vNshj| uttarameru (kAMcI ke 8. galpasamAdhAnam, 9. holImahotsava, 10. mAdhavapANigrahaNotsava, pAsa) meM vaastvy| racanA- kaavyklaanidhi| yaha eka 11. kAzInAthastava, 12. govindabhaTTabhaMgam, 13. chandazchaTAmardanam, sAhityazAstrIya racanA hai jisameM udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se 14. smarazatakam, 15. palANDarAjazatakam va 16. AzrayadAtA kaullamanareza rAmavarmA kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| cndrcritmnnddnm| kRSNAnaMda- samaya- I. 14 vIM shtii| "sahRdayAnaMda" nAmaka prathama do kAvyoM meM jayapura ke aneka rAjAoM kA caritra mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| 15 sargoM meM racita isa kAvya meM, rAjA grathita kiyA gayA hai| "sArazatakam", zrIharSa ke "naiSadha" nala kA caritra varNita hai| ye jagannAthapurI ke nivAsI the| kAvya kA saMkSepa hai| inakA eka padya vizvanAtha kavirAja dvArA racita "sAhitya-darpaNa" kRSNalAla 'nAdAna' (DA.) - dilliinivaasii| dillI vi.vi. meM uddhRta hai| yaha mahAkAvya (hindI anuvAda sahita) caukhaMbA meM saMskRta vibhAga meM upaacaary| san 1956 meM "bhAratI" vidyAbhavana vArANasI se prakAzita ho cukA hai| patrikA kI pratiyogitA meM "ziMjArava" zIrSaka padya-racanA para prathama puraskAra praapt| kRtiyAM- ziMjArava (kAvya) va pratikAra kRSNAnaMda vyAsa (paM.) - janma- 1790 ii.| dillI-nivAsI (ekaaNkii)| 'saMskRta zodhaprakriyA evaM vaidika adhyayana' nAmaka eka sNgiitjny| inhoMne 1842 I. meM "rAgakalpadruma' nAmaka ApakA hindI prabaMdha sana 1978 meM prakAzita / saMgItaviSayaka graMtha kI racanA kii| isa graMtha meM dhUpada, dhamAra, kRSNalIlAzuka - pitaa-daamodr| maataa-niilii| "IzAnadeva khyAla, TappA, ThumarI Adi viSayoM kI maulika jAnakArI prastuta kI gaI hai| tantrapaddhati' ke lekhaka IzAnadeva ke ziSya / zvetAraNya (dakSiNa kailAsa) ke mRtyuMjaya ke bhkt| muktisthala nivaasii| zrIkRSNa mevADa kI mahArAnI dvArA inheM 'rAga-sAgara" kI upAdhi se ke parama upaask| samaya- I. 11 vIM shtii| vRMdAvana meM mRtyu|| vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| kucha kAla taka ye mevADa ke kAvya ke sAtha vyAkaraNa va darzana-zAstra meM bhI naipuNya prApta / rAjakavi bhI rahe the| inakI anya prasiddha kRti hai- sudrshncNpuu| kRSNalIlAzuka kI anya racanAeM haiM- sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa kI ke. Ara. naiyara alavAye - I. 20 vIM shtii| "alabdha-karmIya" TIkA, puruSakAra (tattvajJAnaparaka), tribhuvanasubhaga, nAmaka prahasana ke prnnetaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 301 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra bailakara, vyaMkaTeza bApUjI janma I. 1797 racanAeM jyotirgaNitam, saurArya brahmapakSIyatithigaNitam ketakI bhASyam, ketakIgrahagaNitam, vaijayantI, bhUmaNDalIya sUryagrahagaNitam marAThI meM bhI jyotiHzAstra viSayaka lekhana kiyA hai| www.kobatirth.org kedArabhaTTa sambhavataH I. 12 vIM zatI / baMgAla ke nivAsI / "vRttaratnAkara" ke kartA pitA pabbeka (saMbhavataH "vAsanAmanjarI" ke praNetA) inake vRttaratnAkara graMtha para 20 se adhika TIkAeM likhI gaI hai| - keralavarmA zravaNakoranareza (19-20 vIM zatI) inhoMne prabhUta tathA utkRSTa sAhityanirmiti kI hai| kerala - kAlidAsa kI upAdhiprApta racanAeM guruvAyurezazatakam vyAdhAlayezazatakam droNAdvizatakam, vizAkharAjamahAkAvyam kSamApanasahasram aura zRMgAramaMjarIbhANa / 302 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa I kevalAnanda sarasvatI samaya I.sa. 1877-1955 mahArASTra ke vAI nAmaka grAma meM sthita prAjJa pAThazAlA ke saMsthApaka / inakA pUrvanAma nArAyaNa sadAziva marAThe thaa| prajJAnaMda sarasvatI svAmI inake guru the| saMskRta bhASA aura prAcIna dharmagranthoM ke gahare adhyayana ke bAda Apane adhyApana kSetra meM praveza kiyA aura rASTrabhakti se otaprota dharmapracAraka taiyAra karane ke uddezya se nayI zikSA paddhati taiyAra kI dhArmika evaM sAmAjika kSetroM meM kAlAnurUpa parivartana evaM sudhAra ke ve pakSapAtI the| Apane aneka granthoM kA saMpAdana kiyA jinameM se kucha isa prakAra hai- 1. mImAMsAkoza (khaNDa 7 ), 2. avdaitasiddhi kA marAThI anuvAda 3. aitareyaviSayasUcI 4. kauSItakIbrahmaNa kI sUcI, 5. taittirIya maMtra - sUcI, 6. satyASADhasUtra - viSayasUcI, 7. advaitavedAntakoza 8. aitareya brAhmaNa AraNyaka koza tathA, 9. dharmakoza (6 khaNDa) ke saMpAdaka tarkatIrtha lakSmaNazAstrI jozI Apake pramukha ziSyoM meM suprasiddha kAryakartA haiM / kezava pitA- zrInivAsa / racanA - satyadhyAnavijayam / 5 srgaatmk| inake choTe bhAI ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| kezava eka jyotiSa zAstrajJa inhoMne "vivAhavRMdAvana" aura "karaNakaMThIrava" nAmaka do graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| inameM se kevala prathama graMtha hI upalbadha hai| samaya- 14 vIM zatI / kezava kAzmIrI- samaya I. 13-14 zatI / nibArka saMpradAya ke eka prasiddha digvijayI aacaary| kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne 3 bAra digvijaya kara "digvijayI" kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| kAzmIra meM adhika kAla taka nivAsa karane ke kAraNa "kAzmIrI" upanAma se vikhyAta the| ye alAuddIna khilajI (zAsana kAla 1296-1320 I.) ke samakAlIna mAne jAte hai| inakA apara nAma "kezavabhaTTa" hai| kahate haiM ki mathurA ke kisI musalamAna subedAra ke AdezAnusAra, eka phakIra ne lAla daravAje para eka maMtra TAMga diyaa| jo bhI hindu udhara se nikalatA, maMtra ke prabhAva se usakI zikhA kaTa jAtI aura - vaha musalamAna bana jaataa| isa bAta kI sUcanA pAkara kAzmIrIjI usa sthAna para apane ziSyoM sahita pahuMce, aura apane prabhAva se usa maMtra ko niSprabha kara ddaalaa| kezava kAzmIrI mathurA meM dhruva TIle para nivAsa karate the inake aMtardhAna kA sthAna mathurA kA nArada-TIlA hai, jahAM inakI samAdhi banI huI hai| inakA janmotsava jyeSTha zukla caturthI ko manAyA jAtA hai| kAzmIrIjI ke viSaya meM nimra zloka prasiddha haivAgIzA yasya vadane hRt-kaMje zrIhariH svym| yasyAdezakarA devA maMtrarAjaprasAdataH / / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nAbhAdAsajI ne inake dvArA kiyA gayA camatkAra tathA saMpanna digvijaya ko vyakta karane vAlA nimna chappaya likhA haikAsamIra kI chApa pAta tApana jagamaMDana, dRDha hari-bhakti-kuThAra Anamata viTapa vihaMDana / mathurA madhya maleccha dala kari vara baTa jIte, kAjI ajita aneka dekhi parace bhaya bhIte / vidita bAta saMsAra saba, saMta sAkhi nAhina durI / zrI "kezavabhaTa" naramukuTa maNi, jinakI prabhutA nistarI / / (chappaya 75) zrI. kezava kAzmIrI ke graMtha niMbArka saMpradAya kI atula saMpatti hai inake dvArA praNIta graMtha hai- (1) tattva- prakAzikA (gItA kA nirkamatAnuyAyI bhASya), (2) kaustubha prabhA (zrInivAsAcArya ke "vedAMta kaustubha" kA pAMDityacUrNa bhASya), (3) prakAzikA (dazopaniSad para bhASya jisameM kevala "muNDaka" kA bhASya prakAzita ho cukA hai) (4) bhAgavata TIkA, (jinakI kevala "veda-stuti' kA bhASya upalabdha tathA prakAzita hai aura (5) kramadIpakA (satilaka) jo pUjA paddhati kA vivaraNAtmaka graMtha hai| kezavadaivajJa - jyotiSa zAstra ke eka AcArya / 'grahalAghavakAra" gaNeza daivajJa ke pitA pazcimI samudra taTavartI naMdigrAma ke nivAsI / AvirbhAva-kAla san 1456 I. / pitA kamalAkara, guru- vaijnaath| inake dvArA racita graMthoM ke nAma haiM; grahakautuka, varSamahasiddhi tithisiddhi jAtaka paddhati, jAtaka paddhativivRtti, tAjika-paddhati siddhAntavAsanApATha, muhUrtatastva, kAyasthAdidharmapaddhati, kuMDApTakalakSaNa aura gnnit-diipikaa| graha - gaNita va phalitajyotiSa donoM ke hI marmajJa the / kezavapaNDita- racanA- "raajaaraamcritm"| isameM rAjArAma mahArAja (chatrapati zivAjI ke suputra) aura marahaThA vIroM dvArA, auraMgajeba se apane sAmrAjya ke rakSaNa hetu kiye gae mahAn saMgharSa kA varNana hai| - For Private and Personal Use Only kezavabhaTTa 'nRsiMhacaMpU' yA 'prahlAdacaMpU' nAmaka kAvya ke racayitA / golAkSI parivAra ke kezavabhaTTa inake pitAmaha the / pitA - anaMtabhaTTa / inakA janma godAvarI jile ke (AMdhra) puNyastaMba nAmaka nagara meM huA thaa| "nRsiMhacaMpU" (prahlAdacaMpU)

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kA racanA - kAla 1684 I. hai| isakA prakAzana kRSNAjI gaNapata presa, muMbaI se, 1909 I. meM ho cukA hai| kezava mizra kAvyazAstra ke eka aacaary| inhoMne "alaMkAra - zekhara" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai| samaya 16 vIM zatAbdI kA aMtima caraNa / graMtha racanA, kAMgaDA nareza mANikyacandra ke Agraha para kii| "alaMkAra - zekhara" meM 8 ratna yA adhyAya hai va kArikA, vRtti aura udAharaNa isake 3 vibhAga haiN| adhyAyoM kA vibhAjana 22 marIciyoM meM huA hai| svayaM lekhaka ne kArikA va vRtti kI racanA kI hai| udAharaNa anya graMthoM se liye haiN| graMtha meM varNita viSaya haiM (1) kAvya - lakSaNa, (2) rIti, (3) zabda-zakti, (4) ATha prakAra ke padadoSa, (5) aThAraha prakAra ke zabda-doSa, (6) ATha prakAra ke artha-doSa, (7) pAMca prakAra ke zabda-guNa, (8) alaMkAra va (9) ruupk| graMthakAra ke anusAra kArikAoM kI racanA, "bhagavAn zauddhodani" ke alaMkAra-graMtha ke AdhAra para huI hai| kezava mizra samaya- I. 13 vIM zatI / nyAyadarzana ke lokapriya lekhakoM meM kezava mizra kA nAma adhika prasiddha hai| inakI prasiddha racanA "tarkabhASA" hai| saMskRta meM tarkabhASA ke 3 lekhaka hai, aura tInoM bhinna-bhinna darzana ke anuyAyI haiN| kezava mizra ke ziSya baMgAla ke govardhana mizra ne prastuta "tarkabhASA" para "tarkabhASAprakAza" nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| govardhana ne apanI vyAkhyA meM apane guru kA paricaya bhI diyA hai| kezava mizra ke pitA kA nAma balabhadra aura do jyeSTha bhrAtAoM ke nAma vizvanAtha va padmanAbha the| apane bar3e bhAI se tarkazAstra kA adhyayana karake hI kezava mizra ne apane graMtha kA praNayana kiyA thaa| ye mithilA ke nivAsI the| kezivarAja samaya I. 11 vIM zatI sudhArNava ke kartA mallikArjuna ke putra / hoyasAlavaMzI rAjA narasiMha ke kaTakopAdhyAya sumanobANa ke dauhitra aura janakavi ke bhAMje krnaattkvaasii| graMtha-colapAlakacarita, subhadrAharaNa, prabodhacandra, kirAta aura zabdamaNidarpaNa | - kaikiNI, vyaMkaTarAva maMjunAtha (DaoN.) - muMmbaI ke prasiddha DAkTara va kavi / zaikSaNika pAtratA bI.e. ema.bI.bI.esa., epha. Ara. sI. esa. sAhityabhUSaNa DAkTaranI ne apane pUrvaja sAdhu (jo kAravAra jile ke kaikiNI grAmavAsI the) zivakaivalya kA caritra 6 ullAsoM meM "zivakaivalyacaritam" nAmaka kAvya meM prathita kiyA hai| kaiTabhaTTa samaya I. 11 vIM zatAbdI eka kazmIrI vaiyAkaraNa jinhoMne pataMjali ke mahAbhASya para "pradIpa" nAmaka samIkSA graMtha likhaa| isa "pradIpa" para 15 TIkAeM likhI gaI hai| inake bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki inheM pANinIya vyAkaraNa kaMThastha thA / "pradIpa" meM aneka sthAnoM para "sphoTavAda" kA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhASya kI prAcIna TIkAoM meM bhartRhari ke pazcAt "pradIpa" kA hI krama AtA hai| "devIzataka" ke TIkAkAra kaiyaTa se, pradIpakAra kaiyaTa bhinna haiN| pitA-jaiyaTa upAdhyAya / guru-mheshvr| ziSya udyotkr| kokkoka- samaya I. 12 vIM zatI / pAribhadra ke pAtra / tejo ke putra racanA- rtirhsym| nayacandra aura kumbhakarNa dvArA ullekh| kogaNTi sItArAmAcArya I. 20 vIM zatI / adhyAtma-zAstra tathA tantra meM niSNAta / sAhityasamiti, guNTura ke sadasya / pratijJA- kaulsa, Amukha, ekalavya tathA padmAvatI caraNa cAraNa cakravartI nAmaka cAra ekAMkiyoM ke praNetA / kocA narasiMhAcArya tirupati ke zrInivAsAcArya ke putra / racanAeM pikasandezam tathA garuDasandezam nAmaka dUtakAvya / kauccuNNi bhUpAlaka- apara nAma tAmpUrAn / janma 1858 I. meM, koTiliMgapura (kocIna) ke rAjavaMza meM mUla nAma rAmavarmA / cAcA godAvarmA se kAvyazAstra kI zikSA paaii| saMgIta tathA indrajAla meM vizeSa ruci / kocIna ke rAjA dvArA "kavisArvabhauma " kI upAdhi prApta / guru- kRSNazAstrI / kRtiyA~- anaMgajIvana tathA viTarAjavijaya bhANa, viddhayuvarAja carita, zrIrAmavarmakAvya, viprasandeza, bANayuddhacepU aura devadevezvara-zataka / godAvarmA kA adhUrA rAmacarita bhI inhoMne pUrNa kiyA / koraDa rAmacandra- Andhra-nivAsI racanA (1) "svodayakAvyam" AtmacaritraparakagraMtha (yaha racanA aprakAzita hai ) (2) ghanavRttam (prakAzita) / kolabruka I.sa. 1765 se 1837 eka briTiza prAcyavidyA paMDita / pUrA nAma - henarI TAmas kolabuka / kalakattA meM mukhya nyAyAdhIza ke pada para rahate inhoMne veda, saMskRta-vyAkaraNa, jaina AcAra, hindU vidhi, bhAratIya darzana, jyotiSa Adi kA gaharA adhyayana kara aneka lekha likhe| yUropIya janatA ko prathama bAra hinduoM ke pavitra graMthoM aura darzanoM kA paricaya karAyA / inake pAsa aneka saMskRta hastalikhitoM kA saMgraha thA jo IsTa iMDiyA kampanI ko 1818 meM dAnasvarUpa diyA gyaa| ko. lA. vyAsarAjazAstrI - "vidyAsAgara" kI upAdhi se vibhUSita samaya I. 20 vIM zatI kRtiyAM mahAtmavijaya, vidyunmAlA, cAmuNDA, zArdUlasampAta, nipuNikA tathA anya 19 laghu nATaka / kauSItakI Rgveda ke kauSItakI brahmaNa ke kartA inake nAma para AraNyaka upaniSada, sAMkhyAyana zrauta va gRhyasUtra Adi graMtha pAye jAte haiN| inake matAnusAra prANa hI brahma hai| mana usakA bhASyakAra, vANI usakI sevaka, AMkha saMrakSaNa aura kAna - zravaNendriya hai| yajJopavIta dhAraNa, Acamana va ugate sUrya kI upAsanA - yaha trividha upAsanA bhI inhoMne batAyI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 303

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kohala svayaM bharata muni ne kohala ko yaha sammAna diyA hai ki "zeSa nATyazAstrIya vivecana kauhala hI kareMge"" zeSamuttarataMtreNa kohalaH kathayiSyati" / saMbhavataH kohala ne saMgIta, nRtya aura abhinaya ke sambandha meM bhI zAstraracanA kI hogI / - abhinavagupta ne apanI TIkA meM aneka sthaloM para kohalAcArya ko uddhRta kiyA hai / nAndI - vivecana ke prasaMga meM uddharaNa hai" ityeSA - kohalapradarzitA nAndI upapannA bhavati / / nATya ke rasa, bhAva Adi / aMgoM kI gaNanA ke samaya abhinavagupta ne inheM kohalAbhimata kahA hai, bharatAbhimata nahIM ("anena tu zlokena kohalamatena ekaadshaaNgtvmucyte| na tu bharate" / ) nATyazAstra tathA abhinavabhAratI meM kula milA kara 8 sthaloM para kohala ke nAma kA ullekha hai| bhAvaprakAzana tathA nATyadarpaNa meM rUpakoM kI saMkhyA ke prasaMga meM tathA anyatra inakA ullekha hai| ziMgabhUpAla ne bhI kohalAcArya kA ullekha kiyA hai| dAmodaragupta ne "kuTTanImata" nAmaka kRti meM bharata ke sAtha hI kohala kA ullekha kiyA hai| bAlarAmAyaNa meM kohala ko nATyAcArya ke rUpa meM prastAvanA meM hI uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / rAmakRSNa kavi ke mata se, kohala tIsarI zatI I. pUrva meM hue the| "bharata iva nATyAcAryaH kohalAdaya iva naTAH " isa abhinavabhAratI ke ullekha se pratIta hotA hai ki kohala bharata kI paramparA ke AcAryoM tathA prayoktAoM meM parigaNita hue haiN| saMgItaratnAkara meM kohala ke saMgIta saMbaMdhI aneka uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| pArzvadeva ke saMgItasamayasAra meM kohala tathA dattila ko saMgItazAstra ke AcArya ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai / kohalaprokta graMtha kA 13 vAM adhyAya madrAsa ke zAsakIya hastalikhita graMthAgAra meM vidyamAna hai jisakA nAma "kohalarahasya" hai / yaha graMtha khaNDita hai| isameM kohala kA ullekha, bharataputra ke rUpa meM huA hai "kohalamatam" nAmaka eka graMtha bhI milA hai aisA zrI. zukla kahate haiN| isameM puSpAMjali kA mAtra svarUpa milatA hai inhoMne hI "kohalIyam" nAmaka grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai jo tAlapatra para likhita hai tathA landana kI iMDiyA Aphisa lAyabrerI meM saMgrahita hai| ye sabhI grantha apUrNa tathA aprakAzita haiN| kohala ke uttarAdhikArI hone evaM abhinavagupta ke matoM ko lekara niSkarSa nikAlate hue zrI zukla ne likhA hai ki nATyazAstra kI racanA ke samaya bharata atyaMta vRddha the jisase grantha meM hI "muninA bharatena yaH prayogo" Adi ullekhoM meM bharata ko muni kahA gyaa| lekhana ke anta samaya taka kohala prasiddha prApta nATyAcArya ho gae the tathA avaziSTa viSayoM para likhane kI kSamatA bhI unahIM kI thii| ataH svayaM bharata ne yaha bhaviSyavANI kI ki avaziSTa bhAga kohala hI pUrNa kregaa| DaoN. rAghavan ne bharata ke bAda kohala ko hI sarvAdhika 304 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mahattvapUrNa AcArya nirUpita karate hue kahA hai ki nATyazAstra meM bharata ke pUrvatantra ke sAtha kohala ke uttaratantra ke viSaya bhI upapAdana tathA upabRMhaNa ke rUpa meM samAviSTa haiN| saMgItaratnAkara ke TIkAkAra kallinAtha ke dvArA uddhRta grantha saMgItameru kisI anya AcArya kI racanA hai tathA kohala ke nAma se usakA pracAra kiyA gayA hai aisA DA. rAghavana kA mata hai / kautsavya atharva pariziSTa kI kula 78 saMkhyA meM kautsava kA nirukta-nighaNTu 48 vAM hai| isa AtharvaNa nirukta-nighaNTu meM kucha aise pada Ate hai jo upalabdha arthavazAkhA meM nahIM milate; atharvaveda kI kisI ajJAta zAkhA se unakA saMbaMdha hogA aisA vidvAnoM kA tarka hai| kauzika kucha RcAoM ke draSTA, eka gotra RSi tathA kauDiNya ke ziSya / pANini ke anusAra eka zAkhA ke pravartaka / inake nAma para ye grantha haiM: 1. kauzikasUtra, 2. kauzikasmRti, 3. kauzikazikSA va 4. kauzikapurANa kuzika vizvAmitra ke pUrvaja tathA bharata ke purohita the / kuzika kula hI kauzika ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| vizvAmitra ke pitA gAdhI bhI kauzika nAma se jAne jAte the| kauzika bhaTTabhAskara I. 11 vIM zatI yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA ke bhASyakAra sAyaNAcArya, devarAja yajjA, zrIkaNThAcArya, vizvezvarabhaTTa mAndhAtA Adi bhASyakAra bhaTTa bhAskarAcArya kA pramANa rUpa se nirdeza karate haiN| bhaTTabhAskarapraNIta "taittirIyabhASya" meM caturtha kANDa mudrita nahIM phira bhI caturthakANDa ke antargata rudrAdhyAya para bhaTTabhAskarAcAryajI kA bhASya upalabdha hai| saMhitA bhASyakAra aura rudrabhASyakAra kauzika abhinna haiM yA bhinna, isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| eka eka zabda ke aneka artha dene ke kAraNa bhaTTa bhAskarAcAryajI kA vizeSa nirdeza hotA hai| kauzika rAmAnujAcArya zrIraMgapaTTaNam nivAsI / racanA - atharvazikhAvilAsaH / isameM vaiSNavamata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / kramadIzvara saMkSiptasAravyAkaraNa ke racayitA / isakI svopajJa TIkA (rasavatI) kA jumaranandI ne pariSkAra kiyA thaa| isa liye vaha jaumara ke nAma se jJAta hai| kroSTuka niruktakAra ke rUpa meM yAskapraNIta nirukta meM AcArya kroSTuka kA eka bAra nirdeza hai| bRhadevatA meM bhI inakA eka bAra nirdeza milatA hai| - kSamAkalyANa I. 18 vIM zatI / racanA "yazodharacaritam " (jaina rAjA yazodhara kA caritra ) / kSamAdevI rAva prasiddha kavayitrI / janma 4 julAI 1890 ko puNe meN| pitA zaMkara pAMDuraMga pnnddit| bacapana meM hI pitRviyoga kAkA ke yahAM vidyArjana pati kaMbaI ke DA. rAghavendra raav| aneka bhASAoM tathA krIDAoM meM naipuNya / aMgrejI aura marAThI meM lekhn| sana 1930 se, ma. gAMdhI ke satyAgraha 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Andolana ke prabhAva se saMskRta meM bhI lekhana praarNbh| likhe| ve haiM :- 1. amarakozodghATanama, 2. nipAtAvyayopasargavRtti, racanAeM-satyAgrahagItA, uttrstyaagrhgiitaa| (rASTrIya Andolana kI 3. gaNavRtti, 4. amRtataraMgiNI (athavA karmayogAmRtataraMgiNI) ghaTanAeM inameM varNita hai| vicitrapariSadyAtrA, zaMkarajIvanAkhyAnIyam, aura 5. nighnnttuttiikaa| vedabhASyakAra devayajvAcArya ne pramANarUpa rAmadAsacaritam, tukArAmacaritam, mIrAlaharI, zrIjJAnezvaracaritam, meM aneka bAra kSIrasvAmI kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ye taMtrazAstra kathAmuktAvalI, kaTuvipAka (nATaka), mahAsmazAnam (nATaka), ke jJAtA tathA Ayurveda ke paMDita the| vanauSadhivarga para inhoMne kathApaMcakam, grAmajyoti (donoM padyAtmaka kathA) aura mAyAjAlam TIkA likhI hai| (aakhyaayikaa)| kSura - I. 12 vIM shtii| sAyaNAcArya apane taittirIya bhASya svayaM kSamAjI dvArA kiye gae aMgrejI anuvAdasahita prakAzita meM bhaTTa bhAskarAcArya ke sAtha AcArya kSura kA pAMca bAra 5 kAvya haiM : rAmadAsacaritam, tukArAmacaritam, jJAnezvaracaritam, ullekha karate haiN| kSura-bhASya anupalabdha hai| mIrAlaharI aura zaMkarajIvanAkhyAnam (isame inake pitAjI kA kSemakIrti * I. 14 vIM shtii| gurunAma-vijayacandra sUri jo caritra citrita hai)| jagaccandra sUri ke ziSya the| gurubhrAtA vajrasena aura pdmcndr| kSArapANi - Atreya punarvasu ke chaThaveM ziSya tathA aayurvedaacaary| samaya I. 13 vIM shtii| graMtha-bRhatkalpavRtti (malayagirikRta inhoMne kAyacikitsA para graMtha likhA jo "kSArapANitaMtra" ke bRhatkalpa kI apUrNa vRtti ko pUrNa karane kA zreya) / pIThikAbhASya nAma se vikhyAta hai| yaha Aja upalabdha nahIM kintu anya kI 606 gAthAoM se Age ke saMpUrNa bhASya (laghubhASya) kI graMthakAroM ne isake zloka udadhRta kiye haiN| vRtti ke krtaa| kSitIzacandra caTTopAdhyAya (DaoN.) - janma sana 1896 meM, kSemIzvara - samaya 10 vIM shtii| "naiSadhAnaMda" va "caNDakauzika" joDAsAMko (kalakattA) meN| zAstrI tathA vidyAvAcaspati / san / nAmaka do nATakoM ke prnnetaa| rAjazekhara ke samasAmayika kavi / 1949 meM ddii.litt,| AzutoSa mahAvidyAlaya meM do tIna varSoM kanojanareza mahIpAla ke Azraya meM raha kara "caNDakauzika" taka adhyaapn| phira 35 varSoM taka kalakattA vi.vi. meM nATaka kI racanA kii| inake nATakoM kI sAhityika dRSTi se tulanAmUlaka bhASAzAstra vibhAga meM adhyApana / veda tathA vyAkaraNa vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| ke vishessjny| Apa homiyopethI ke jJAtA the aura rogiyoM kI kSemendra - siMdhu ke pautra, prakAzendra ke putra, "dazAvatAracarita" niHzulka cikitsA karate the| pitA- shrccndr| mAtA- nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| inhoMne kAvyazAstra evaM kAvya-sRjana giribaalaadevii| kRtiyAM "andhairandhasya yaSTiH pradIyate (ekAMkI) donoM hI kSetroM meM samAna adhikAra se apanI lekhanI calAI aura SaSThItaMtra nAmaka gadya upnyaas| surabhAratI, maMjUSA tathA hai| ye kAzmIra ke nivAsI the| logoM ko caritravAna banAne kalakattA orieMTala jarnala kA smpaadn| saMskRta sAhitya pariSad ke hetu inhoMne rAmAyaNa va mahAbhArata kA saMkSipta varNana apanI kI patrikA kA sAta varSoM taka smpaadn| baMgalA tathA aMgrejI __"rAmAyaNamaMjarI" va "mahAbhAratamaMjarI" meM kiyA hai| inakA meM aneka anusandhAnAtmaka graMtha likhe haiN| inake dvArA saMpAdita racanAkAla 1037 I. hai| inhoMne rAjA zAlivAhana (hAla) ke patrikAoM meM "maMjUSA" kA vizeSa sthAna hai| inake adhikAMza sabhApaNDita guNADhya ke paizAcI bhASA meM likhita alaukika nibaMdha isI patrikA meM prakAzita hue| vyAkaraNa zAstra kI graMtha kA "bRhatkathAmaMjarI' ke nAma se saMskRta padya meM anuvAda inakI jJAnagarimA, "maMjUSA" se hI prakaTa huii| inakA. jIvana kiyA hai| inakI dUsarI kathA kRti "bodhisattvAvadAnakalpalatA" hai| vRttAnta "maMjUSA" ke aMtima aMka meM prakAzita huA hai| inakI (1052 ii.)| isameM bhagavAn buddha ke prAcIna jIvana saMbaddha zailI vyaMgapradhAna thii| Apane gurudeva ravIndranAtha ThAkura kI kathAeM padya meM varNita haiN| "dazAvatAra-carita" meM inhoMne svayaM kathAoM-kavitAoM ke samAna hI anya kaviyoM kI racanAoM ko "vyAsadAsa" likhA hai| (10-14) / prasiddha AcArya ke bhI saMskRta anuvAda kiye aura unheM patra patrikAoM meM chpvaayaa| abhinavagupta inake guru the jinakA ullekha "bRhatkathAmaMjarI" kSIrasAgara vA. kA. - I. 20 vIM shtii| "nATye ca dakSA meM hai (19-37) ye kAzmIra ke do nRpoM- anaMta (1018 se vayam" nAmaka prahasana ke prnnetaa|| 1063 I.) va kalaza (1063 se 1089 I.)- ke zAsanakAla kSIrasvAmI - samaya I. 1080 se 1130 ii.| pitA bhaTTa meM vidyamAna the| ataH inakA samaya 11 vIM zatAbdI hai| iishvrsvaamii| saMbhavataH kaashmiirvaasii| kaThazAkhA ke adhyetaa| inhoMne "aucityavicAracarcA", "kavikaMThAbharaNa" va "tilaka" kSIrasvAmI ne pANinIya dhAtupATha ke audIcya pATha para "kSIrataraMgiNI' nAmaka 3 kAvyazAstrIya graMtha likhe haiN| inheM sAhityazAstra ke nAmaka vRttigraMtha likhaa| isakA romana lipi meM prathama prakAzana aucityasaMpradAya kA pravartaka mAnA jAtA hai| inake nAma para karane kA zreya jarmana paNDita libiza ko hai| dUsarA sudhArita 33 graMtha pracalita haiM jinameM 18 prakAzita va 15 aprakAzita saMskaraNa paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne devanAgarI meM prakAzita kiyaa| haiN| prakAzita graMthoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : rAmAyaNamaMjarI, kSIrasvAmI ne "kSIrataraMgiNI" ke atirikta pAMca graMtha aura mahAbhAratamaMjarI, bRhatkathAmaMjarI, dazAvatAracarita (1066 I.), saMskRta vAGmaya koza- graMthakAra khaNDa/305 For Private and Personal Use Only

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: bauddhAvadAna - kalpalatA, cArucaryAzataka, dezopadeza, darpa dalana, caturvargasaMgraha, kalAvilAsanarmamAlA, kavikaMThAbharaNa, aucityavicAracarcA, suvRttatilaka, lokaprakAzakakoSa, nItikalpataru aura vyAsASTaka / aprakAzita racanAoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiN| nRpAlI ( isakA nirdeza rAjataraMgiNI va kaMThAbharaNa meM hai), zazivaMza (mahAkAvya), padyakAdaMbarI, citrabhArata nATaka, lAvaNyamaMjarI, kanakajAnakI, muktAvalI, amRtataraMga, (mahAkAvya), pavana- paMcAzikA, vinayavallI, munimatamImAMsA, nItilatA, avasarasAra, lalitaratnamAlA aura kavikarNikA / kSemendra kI 3 saMdigdha racanAeM bhI hai hastiprakAza, spaMdanirNaya aura spedasaMdoha / apanI ukta 33 kRtiyoM meM inhoMne anekAneka viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| vyaMga va hAsyospAdaka racanA ke to ye saMskRta ke yazasvI prayoktA haiN| "aucityavicAracarcA" meM aucitya hI kAvya kA prANa hai yaha siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| isakA eka zloka isa prakAra hai : ucitaM prAhurAcAryaH sadRzaM kila yasya yat / ucitasya ca yo bhAvastadaucityaM pracakSate / / arthAt jo jisake anurUpa hai vahI ucita hai, aisA AcArya kA kathana hai| isa ucita kA jo bhAva hai vahI aucitya kahalAtA hai| apane dIkSAguru bhAgavatAcArya somapAda kI zikSA ke kAraNa zaivamaNDala se parivRtta hone para bhI kSemendra parama bhAgavata the| khaMDadeva mizra mImAMsA darzana ke bhATTamata ke anuyAyI / janma kAzI meM / pitA rudradeva / nidhana kAla-vikrama saMvat 1722 | rasagaMgAdharakAra paMDita jagannAtha ke pitA perubhaTTa ke guru inhoMne mImAMsA darzana ke bhATTa-mata ke itihAsa meM "navyamata" kI sthApanA kara, navayuga kA zubhAraMbha kiyA / jIvana ke aMtima dinoM meM inhoMne saMnyAsa grahaNa kara liyA thaa| saMnyAsI hone para inakA nAma 'zrIdharendra yatIndra" huA thaa| inhoMne 3 uccastarIya graMthoM kI racanA kI hai ve haiM : mImAMsAkaustubha (bhAikaustubha), bhATTadIpikA va bhAirahasya / bhATTakaustubha mImAMsA sUtroM para racita vizada TIkA graMtha hai| bhATTadIpikA inakA sarvottama graMtha hai isa para 3 TIkAeM prApta hotI haiN| isa prakAra Apa mImAMsAdarzana ke prauDha lekhaka haiN| kharanAda Ayurveda ke eka prAcIna AcArya unakA gotra bharadvAja thaa| pANinIya gaNapATha tathA taduttarakAlIna cAMdravyAkaraNa meM inakA ullekha hai| vaidyakazAstra para inakI saMhitA, caraka ke TIkAkAra bhaTTa haricandra ke pUrvakAla meM racI gayI aneka TIkAgraMthoM meM isa saMhitA ke vacana udadhRta kiye gaye haiM / kharakhaNDIkara de. khaM. (DaoN.) - I. 20 vIM zatI / ahamadanagara nivAsI kRtiyAM suvacanasandoha (gIta saMkalana) cyavanabhArgavIya nATikA / tathA khAMDekara rAghava paNDita khAnadeza (mahArASTra) ke nivAsI / racanAeM kheTakRti, paMcAMgArka aura paddhati candrikA / ye tInoM graMtha 306 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa jyotiSaviSayaka haiN| khAsanIsa, ananta viSNu inhoMne mUla bhAvArthadIpikA (bhagavadgItA kI zreSTha marAThI TIkA jJAnezvarI) kA saMskRta meM anuvAda kiyaa| isake 6-6 adhyAyoM ke do khaNDa, " gIrvANajJAnezvarI" ke nAma se prakAzita ho cuke haiN| zrI. khAsanIsa jata saMsthAna (mahArASTra) ke nyAyAdhIza the / khiste, nArAyaNazAstrI ( ma. ma.) janma kAzI meM 1892 I. meM / pitA bhairavapanta / bacapana meM hI shaastraadhyyn| 18 varSa kI Ayu meM hI dakSAdhvaradhvaMsama (khaNDakAvya) kA lekhana jo "sAhityasarovara" (hindI mAsika) meM kramazaH prakAzita huA / sarasvatI bhavana graMthAlaya kAzI ke adhikaarii| 'gavarnameMTa saMskRta sIrIja mAlA" meM 20 graMtha prakAzita kiye| padabhAra grahaNa ke samaya graMthAlaya meM 13,999 graMtha the, inakI vyavahAra caturatA tathA dIrgha parizrama se vaha saMkhyA 60,999 taka phuNcii| inake ziSya varga meM amerikana DA. nArmana brAuna, DaoN. phreMkalina ejaraTana, DaoN. polamena tathA kucha jarmana tathA aMgreja saMskRta paNDita bhI the| zAsakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya (kAzI) meM aneka varSoM taka adhyApana kArya kiyA / racanAeM - dakSAdhvaradhvaMsam, vidvaccaritpaMcakam (campUkAvya), abhijJAna zAkuntalam kI lakSmITIkA, svapnavAsavadattam kI TIkA aura daridrANAM hRdayam tathA divyadRSTi nAmaka do upanyAsa / san 1944 meM Apa "amarabhAratI" nAmaka patrikA ke saMpAdaka bne| isa patrikA meM ApakI aneka racanAeM prakAzita huii| ma. ma. gaMgAdhara zAstrI Apake guru the / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - - khetA samaya I. 15-16 vIM zatI / racanA samyaktvakaumudI / 3999 zloka / AdhyAtmika graMtha / yaha graMtha jahAMgIra bAdazAha ke rAjyakAla meM likhA gayA khota, skanda zaMkara I. 20 vIM zatI / nAgapura nivAsI / kabaDDI kI krIDA meM atyaMta nipuNa / vAI kI prAjJa pAThazAlA meM saMskRta kA adhyayana kRtiyAM mAlAbhaviSyam, hA hanta zArade, lAlAvaidya, dhruvAvatAra aura araghaTTaghaTa ye sabhI chAtropayogI laghu nATikAeM haiM aura utsavoM ke avasara para nAgapura tathA muMbaI meM maMcita ho cukI haiN| nAgapura meM kRSi vibhAga se sevAnivRtta hue| gaMgAdAsa (gaMgadAsa I. 16 vIM zatI pitA gopAladAsa ) / - / vyavasAya se vaidya baMgAla ke nivAsI kRtiyAM chandomaMjarI, kavizikSA acyutacarita, dinezacarita aura chandogovinda / gaMgAdAsa "vRttimuktAvalI" ke kartA / "chandomaMjarI" kAra gaMgAdAsa ke bhinna / gaMgAdevI I. 14 vIM shtii| "madhurAvijaya" (yA "vIrakaMparAya carita") nAmaka aitihAsika mahAkAvya kI rcyitrii| vijayanagara ke rAjA kaMpaNNA kI mahiSI evaM mahArAja bukka kI putravadhU / I. sa. 1361 va 1371 meM kaMpaNNA ne maduraI para AkramaNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kiyA thaa| taba rAnI gaMgAdevI apane pati ke sAtha gaI thii| inhoMne apane parAkramI pati kI vijaya yAtrAoM kA varNana ukta mahAkAvya meM kiyA hai| yaha kAtya adhUrA hai aura 8 sargoM taka hI prApta hotA hai| gaMgAdhara- isa nAma ke cAra lekhaka hue (1) bilhaNa ke "vikramAMkadevacarita" ke anusAra, ye karNa ke darabAra meM kavi the| inake aneka zloka zrIdhara kavi ne apane "saduktikarNAmRta" meM uddhRta kiye haiN| (2) mAdhyaMdina zAkhA ke eka smArta pNddit| inhoMne kAtyAyanasUtra para TIkA tathA "AdhAnapaddhati" Adi graMtha likhe haiN| (3) 15 vIM zatAbdI ke eka jyotiSI, jo zrIzaila ke pazcima meM saMgera nAmaka grAma meM rahate the| "cAMdramAna" nAmaka tAMtrika graMtha ke lekhk| (4) muhUrtamArtaDakAra nArAyaNa ke putra / gotra-kauzika, shaakhaa-vaajsneyii| nivAsa-ghRSNezvara (mahArASTra) ke uttara meM TApara nAmaka graam| Apane "grahalAghava" para "manoramA" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| (5) vRttadhumaNikAra gaMgAdhara- taMjAvara ke rAjA vyaMkojI ke amAtya / rcnaa-bhosl-vNshaavli| rAjaputra zAhajI kI prazasti / / gaMgAdhara kavirAja- samaya- san 1798-1885 / murzidAbAda (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| vyvsaay-vaidyk| kRtiyAM :- durgavadha (kAvya), lokAlokapuruSIya (kAvya), harSodaya (citrakAvya) aura chndonushaasn| (vyAkaraNa viSayaka) :- dhAtupATha, gaNapATha (mugdhabodha), zabda-vyutpattisaMgraha, pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI kI vRtti aura kAtyAyana-vArtika-vyAkhyA / (TIkAeM) :- amaruzataka-TIkA, padAMkadUta-vivRti aura kaumAravyAkaraNa ttiikaa| (kAvyazAstrIya)prAcyaprabhA (agnipurANa para AdhArita alaMkAra-viSayaka graMtha), chandaHpATha va chndHsaar| (nATikA)- tArAvatI- svyNvr| (vaidyaka viSayaka)- jalpakalpataru, paMcanidAnavyAkhyA, nADIparIkSA, rAjavallabhakRta "dravyaguNa" kI vyAkhyA, Ayurveda-saMgraha, Ayurveda-paribhASA, bhaiSajya-rasAyana aura mRtyuNjy-sNhitaa| gaMgAdharabhaTTa- vallabha-saMpradAya ke mUrdhanya vidvaan| bhAgavata kI mahApurANa ke pakSa meM laghu-kalevara-graMthakAroM meM se ek| racanA kA nAma- "durjn-mukh-cpettikaa"| inakI "capeTikA" para paMDita kanhaiyAlAla dvArA "prahastikA" nAmaka vistRta vyAkhyA likhI gaI jo prakAzita bhI hai| gaMgAdhara zAstrI- vaaraannsii-nivaasii| samaya- I.19 vIM shtii| kRtiyAM haiM- "haMsASTakam" tathA "ali-vilAsa-saMllApam" ye donoM dArzanika stotra haiN| gaMgAdharendra-sarasvatI- racanAeM- svArAjyasiddhiH (mudrita), vedAntasiddhAntasUktimaMjarI aura siddhaantcndrikody| gaMgAnanda kavIndra- samaya I. 16 vIM zatI kA aarNbh| maithila pNddit| apane kAvyoM kI racanA inhoMne bIkAnera meM raha kara kI thii| kavIndra kI racanAeM haiM- 1. varNabhUSaNam (kAvya-zAstra kA graMtha), 2. kAvyaDAkinI (isameM kAvya doSoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai), 3. bhRgadUtam (dUtakAvya) evaM 4. mandAramaMjarI (ruupk)| gaMgAprasAda upAdhyAya- inakA janma uttara pradeza ke naradai grAma meM di. 6 sitaMbara 1881 I. ko huA thaa| inhoMne prayAga se aMgrejI aura darzana meM ema. e. kiyA thaa| Apa kaI viSayoM va bhASAoM ke paMDita tathA aMgrejI va hindI meM aneka graMthoM ke lekhaka the| inake prasiddha graMtha haiM- philaoNsAphI oNpha dayAnaMda, aitareya va zatapatha brAhmaNa ke hindI anuvAda, mImAMsA-sUtra va zAbara-bhASya kA hindI anuvAda aadi| Apa Arya samAjI the| ApakA Aryodaya nAmaka saMskRta kAvya bhAratIya saMskRti kA kAvyAtmaka itihAsa mAnA jAtA hai| gaMgArAma dAsa- bNgaalii| "zarIra-nizcayAdhikAra" nAmaka Ayurveda viSayaka graMtha ke lekhk| gaMgAsahAya (paM)- samaya- 1811-1889 ii.| bUMdI ke mahArAva rAmasiMha ke samaya meM sekhAvATI se Aye hue gaMgAsahAya darzana va prAcya vidyA ke vidvAna the| inhoMne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI, jinameM se prasiddha grantha haiM : paramezvara-zataka (kAvya) va nyaay-prdiip| gaMgAsahAya- bhAgavata kI Adhunika TIkAoM meM mAnyatAprApta TIkA "anvitArtha-prakAzikA" ke prnnetaa| inhoMne TIkA ke upodghAta meM apanA pUrA paricaya nibaddha kiyA hai| tadanusAra ye pATaNa nAmaka sthAna ke nivAsI the| yaha sthAna, pAMDuvaMzIya taumara anaMgapAla ke vaMzaja mukuMdasiMha ke zAsana meM thaa| mAtA-lakSmI, jo bacapana meM hI cala bsiiN| pitA-paMDita rAmadhana / inhIMse Apane sakala zAstro evaM bhAgavata kA adhyayana kiyaa| aneka rAjadarabAroM se inakA samaya-samaya para. saMbaMdha rahA / bUMdI-nareza rAmasiMha ke yahAM Apa aneka varSo tara amAtya-pada para kAryarata rahe, vRddhAvasthA prApta hote hI inhoMne amAtya-pada choDa diyA aura bhAgavata ke anuzIlana meM saMlagna hue| inhoMne prAcIna TIkAoM kA adhyayana kiyA kiMtu anvayamukhena saralArtha-dIpikA vyAkhyA na milane para, inhoMne svAntaHsukhAya "anvitArtha prakAzikA" kA praNayana kiyaa| usa samaya (1955 vikramI- 1898 I.) ApakI Ayu 60 varSa se adhika thii| bhAgavata meM prayukta prasiddha-aprasiddha sabhI prakAra ke chaMdoM kA lakSaNapUrvaka nirdeza saMbhavataH gaMgAsahAya ne hI pahalI bAra kiyA hai| gaMgeza upAdhyAya (gaMgerI upAdhyAya)- samaya I. 13 vIM shtii| prasiddha maithila naiyAyika AcArya gaMgeza upAdhyAya, nyAya-darzana ke aMtargata navyanyAya nAmaka zAkhA ke pravartaka haiN| inhoMne "tattva-ciMtAmaNi" nAmaka yugapravartaka graMtha kI racanA kara saMskRta ArAmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 307 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nyAya-darzana meM yugAMtara kA AraMbha kiyA thA aura usakI dhArA hI palaTa dI thii| "tattva-ciMtAmaNI" kA praNayana 1200 I. ke AsapAsa inhoMne kiyaa| prastuta graMtha kI pRSThasaMkhyA 300 hai, jaba ki usa para likhe gaye TIkAgraMthoM kI pRSTha-saMkhyA 10 lAkha se bhI adhika hai| gaMgeza ke putra vardhamAna upAdhyAya bhI apane pitA ke samAna bahuta baDe naiyAyika the| inhoMne bhI "tattva-ciMtAmaNi" para "prakAza" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| gautama ke kevala eka sUtra- "pratyakSAnumAnopamAnazabdAH pramANAni" para racita "tat-ciMtAmaNi'- graMtha meM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna va zabda-ina 4 pramANoM kA vivecana gaMgezajI ne kiyA hai| gaMgezajI kI lekhana-zailI atyaMta prauDha va zAstra-zuddha hone ke kAraNa jyotiSa ko choDa prAyaH sabhI uttarakAlIna zAstrIya graMthoM para unakI zailI kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| gajapati vIrazrI nArAyaNadeva- pitA- pdmnaabh| pArlA kImeDI (uDIsA) meM, I. 1700 meM raajyaadhipti| puruSottama ke pAsa sNgiit-shikssaa| racanA- "saMgIta-nArAyaNa" jisameM apanI anya racanA "alaMkAracaMdra" kA ullekha inhoMne kiyA hai| aneka kaviyoM tathA unakI racanAoM kA isameM ullekha hai| gaNadharakIrti- gujraat-nivaasii| puSpadanta ke praziSya aura kuvalayacandra ke shissy| racanA- somadevAcArya ke dhyAnavidhi para "adhyAtmataraMgaNI" nAmaka vistRta ttiikaa| vATagrAma meM gujarAta ke cAlukyavaMzI rAjA jayasiMha (yA siddharAja jayasiMha) ke kAla meM yaha TIkA likhI gii| samaya I. 12 vIM shtii| gaNanAtha sena- I. 20 vIM shtii| baMgAlI vidvaan| kRtiyAMchandoviveka, pratyakSazArIra va siddhaant-nidaan| gaNapatimuni (vAsiSTha)- I. sa. 1878-1936 / janma-Andhra ke vizAkhApaTTaNam jile ke kavalarAyI grAma meM, ayyala somayAjI ke parivAra meN| pitaa-nrsiNhshaastrii| maataa-nrsaaNbaa| Ayu ke 6 varSa taka ye rogagrasta the aura inheM vANI bhI prApta nahIM huI thI kintu bAda kI Ayu meM alpa kAla meM hI inhoMne saMskRta gaNita, jyotiSa, paMcamahAkAvya Adi kA adhyayana pUrNa kara liyaa| isI avadhi meM sahasrAvadhi saMskRta zlokoM kI racanA kii| apanI mAtA kI janmapatrikA dekhakara mRtyu dina kA bhaviSya kathana kiyA, jo sahI niklaa| chAtrAvasthA meM hI inakA vivAha ho gayA kintu gRhasthI meM unakA mana nahIM rmaa| 14 varSoM kI avasthA meM dhArtarASTrasaMbhava nAmaka khaMDakAvya kI racanA kii| 18 varSa kI Ayu meM peramA nAmaka agrahAra meM jAkara tapa karane lge| bAda meM baMgAla ke navadvIpa meM eka sAhitya-pariSad ke avasara para zIghrakavitva kI pravINatA se "kAvya-kaMTha" kI upAdhi prApta kii| inake kucha pramukha graMtha :- umAsahasram, indrANI-saptazatI, zivazataka, bhuMgadUta, vizvapramANa-carcA, vivAhadharmasUtram, IzopaniSadbhASyam tathA Ayurveda va jyotiSa para 5-6 graMthoM ke alAvA mahAbhArata-vimarzaH nAmaka prakaraNa-graMtha / ramaNa maharSi aura yogI araviMda ke ziSya tathA mitra / gaNapatizAstrI (ma.ma.)- inhoMne apane "zrImUlacaritam" kAvya meM trAvaNakora-rAjavaMza kA caritra varNana kiyA hai| anya kAvya "arthacintAmaNimAlA" meM trAvaNakora ke rAjA vizAkharAma kA stavana hai| Apa trivendrama meM dIrghakAla taka saMskRtAdhyApaka rahe / tadanantara "kyUreTara" ke pada para niyukti huii| isa kAryakAla meM "bhAsanATaka-cakra" prakAzita kara bahuta khyAti prApta kii| gaNapatizAstrI- I. 19-20 vIM shtii| taMjaura jile ke nivaasii| racanAeM-kaTAkSazatakam, dhruvacaritam, rasikabhUSaNam, gururAjasaptatiH taTATAkA-pariNayam aura anyaapdeshshtkm| gaNeza daivajJa- jyotiSa-zAstra ke eka zreSTha mahArASTrIya AcArya / pitaa-keshv| maataa-lkssmii| san 1517 I. meM jnm| inhoMne 13 varSa kI Ayu meM hI "graha-lAghava" nAmaka mahattvapUrNa graMtha kI racanA kI thii| inake dvArA praNIta anya graMtha haiMlaghutithi-ciMtAmaNi, bRhattithi- ciMtAmaNi, siddhAnta-zirAmaNiTIkA, lIlAvatI-TIkA, vivAha-vRMdAvana-TIkA, muhUrta-tattva-TIkA, zrAddhAdi-nirNaya, chaMdorNava-TIkA, sudhIra-raMjanI-yaMtra, kRSNa-janmASTamI-nirNaya aura holikaa-nirnny|| gaNeza daivajJa kathAH- yaha prasiddha jyotiSI "grahalAdhava" ke lekhaka haiN| inake pitA-kezava jAne mAne jyotiSazAstra vizArada the| eka bAra kezava dvArA batAyA gayA samaya galata nikalA taba saba ne unakA upahAsa kiyaa| isa se apamAnita hokara vaha gaNeza maMdira meM gae tathA vahAM unhoMne tapazcaryA Arambha kii| gaNeza ne prasanna hokara unheM dRSTAMta diyA ki vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa vaha grahazodha tathA gaNita ThIka se kara na pAeMgeM usa samaya gaNeza svayaM unake putrarUpa meM janma grahaNa karanekA AzvAsana diyaa| yahI putra Age calakara gaNeza daivajJa ke nAma se prasiddha hue| grahavedha tathA gaNita donoM kAryoM meM vaha pravINa the| inake paira meM AMkha nikalane se vaha samAja meM Adara ke bhAjana hue| gaNezarAma zarmA (paM)- janma 27 mArca, 1908 ii.| janmasthAna DUMgarapUra, kintu inakA kAryakSetra jhAlAvADa rahA hai, ataH inakI gaNanA pUrvI rAjasthAna ke kaviyoM meM hotI hai| pitA-zrI. kedAralAla zarmA / bhAratadharmamahAmaNDala dvArA Apako "vidyAbhUSaNa" kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| "jyotiSopAdhyAya', "sAhitya-ratna" Adi upAdhiyAM bhI Apako prApta thiiN| Apa jhAlAvADa ke rAjendra kAleja meM saMskRta ke prAdhyApaka rahe haiN| sAhitya sammelana dillI dvArA Apako svarNapadaka bheMTa kiyA gyaa| ApakI pramukha kRtiyAM haiM : ___1. AzIHkusumAMjalI, 2. zrIlAmaNiprazastiH, 3. zrImohanAbhyudayaH (gAMdhIjI para), 4. mahiSamardinI- stutiH, 5. devIstutiH, 6. saMskRtakathAkuMja, 7. lakSmaNAbhyudaya (isameM DUMgarapura ke rAjA lakSmaNasiMha kA caritra graMthita hai| 308 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta gadya meM bhI Apa samayopayogI grantha likhate rahe haiN| zrImahArAvala - rajata jayantIgraMtha kA Apane saMpAdana kiyA / bhAratI, madhuravANI, saMskRtaranAkAra, saMskRtasAketa, saMskRtacandrikA, divyajyotiH, sarasvatI, saurabha, bhAratavANI ityAdi patra-patrikAoM meM Apake aneka lekha, kavitA, kathA prakAzita hue haiN| gadAdhara cakravartI bhaTTAcArya- samaya- I. 17 vIM zatI / pitA - prasiddha naiyAyika | guru harirAma trkaaNlNkaar| navadvIpa (baMgAla) ke prasiddha navya naiyAyikoM meM inakA sthAna sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| samaya- 17 vIM zatAbdI / inhoMne raghunAtha ziromaNi ke suprasiddha graMtha "dIdhiti" para vizada vyAkhyA - graMtha kI racanA kI hai jo inake nAma para "gAdAdharI" kI abhidhA se vikhyAta hai| inake dvArA racita graMthoM kI saMkhyA 52 batalAyI jAtI hai| inhoMne udayanAcArya ke prasiddha graMtha "Atmatattva-viveka" va gaMgeza upAdhyAya ke "tattva- ciMtAmaNi" para TIkAeM likhI haiM jo "mUlagAdAdhArI" ke nAma se prasiddha hai "tattva- ciMtAmaNi" ke kucha hI bhAgoM para TIkA likhI gaI haiN| "zaktivAda" va "vyutpattivAda", inake nyAya-viSayaka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa maulika graMtha haiM 2. inake kucha anya graMthoM ke nAma haiM- muktAvalI TIkA, ratnakoSavAdarahasya, AkhyAtavAda, kArakavAda, zabda- prAmANyavAda rahasya, buddhivAda, yuktivAda, vidhivAda aura viSayatAvAda i. / gAgAbhaTTa kAzIkara I. 17 vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn mImAMsaka va dharmazAstrI / paiThaNa-nivAsI dinakara bhaTTa ke putra / ye bAda meM kAzI gye| inakA vAstavika nAma vizvezvara thA kintu pitAjI pyAra se gAgA kahA krte| vahI nAma rUDha ho gyaa| pramukha graMtha- 1. mImAMsA - kusuMmAjali (pUrvamImAMsAvRtti), bhATTaciMtAmaNi 3. rAkAgama (jayadeva ke caMdrAloka para TIkA), 4. dinakarodyota (dharmazAstra para likhe isa graMtha kA prAraMbha pitA - dinakara bhaTTa ne kiyA thA), nirUDhapazubaMdhaprayoga, 5. piDapitRyajJaprayoga 6. sujJAna-durgodaya (solaha saMskAroM kA vivecana) 7. zivAkoMdaya (zivAjI ke Adeza para pUrvamImAMsA para likhA gayA ), 8. samayanaya ( yaha graMtha saMbhAjI rAjA ke liye likhA gayA) 9 ApastaMbapaddhati 10. azaucadIpikA, 11. tulAdAnaprayoga, 12 prayogasAra aura zivarAjyAbhiSekaprayoga / " + gAgAbhaTTa ne zivAjI mahArAja kA vratabaMdha karA, vaidika paddhati se unakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| zivAjI sisodiyA vaMza ke kSatriya the, yaha anveSaNa unhoMne kiyaa| I. 16 va 17 vIM zatAbdI ke muslima bAdazAhoM ke darabAroM meM bhI unake parivAra ko sammAna prApta thA / rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda zivAjI ne vipula dhana-sampadA dekara unakA gaurava kiyA thA / gAgAbhaTTa ko zivarAjyAbhiSeka - vidhi ke hetu AmaMtrita kiyA jAne para unhoMne "zivarAjyAbhiSeka prayoga" kI racanA kI thI jo puNe ke itihAsa-anveSaka vA. sI. bendre dvArA 42 pRSThoM Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kI prastuti sahita prakAzita hai| mUla hastalikhita prati bIkAnera rAjya ke saMgraha se prApta huI thii| DaoN. zrI. bhA. varNekara ne isakA marAThI anuvAda kiyA, jo muMbaI vizvavidyAlaya ke "kaoNronezana vhaoNlyUma meM mUla prathasahita 1974 meM prakAzira huaa| gADagILa vasaMta anaMta puNe nivAsI zAradA nAmaka pAkSika patrikA ke saMpAdaka evaM zAradAgaurava graMthamAlA ke saMcAlaka / isa graMthamAlA meM 50 se adhika saMskRta granthoM kA prakAzana zrI gADagIla ne kiyA hai| gAthI Rgveda ke 19 se 22 ve sUktoM ke draSTA / inameM se do sUktoM meM azvina kI stuti kI gaI hai| sarvAnukramaNi ke anusAra gAdhI kuzika ke putra aura vizvAmitra ke pitA the| gArgya (gArgyAcArya)- pANini ke pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNa / paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra inakA samaya I. pU. 4 thI zatAbdI hai| pANinikRta aSTAdhyAyI meM inakA ullekha 3 sthAnoM para hai- (1) 7-3-991 (2) 8-3-201 (3) 8-4-67 / va inake matoM matoM ke ke uddharaNa "RkprAtizAkhya" "vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya" meM prApta hote hai| isase inake vyAkaraNaviSayaka graMtha kI prauDhatA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| inakA nAma garga thA aura ye prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa bhAradvAja keM putra the / yAskakRta "nirukta" meM bhI eka gArgya nAmaka vyakti kA ullekha hai tathA "sAmaveda" ke padapATha ko bhI gArgya-racita kahA gayA hai| mImAMsAkajI ke anusAra "nirukta" meM uddhRta mata vAle gArgya va vaiyAkaraNa gArgya abhinna hai- "tatra nAmAni sarvANyAkhyAtajAnIti zAkaTAyano niruktasamayazca na sarvANIti gAmyoM vaiyAkaraNAnAM caike" (nirukta 1-12 ) / prAcIna vADmaya meM gArgya racita kaI graMthoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| ve haiM nirukta, sAmaveda kA padapATha, zAlAkya-taMtra, bhUvarNana, taMtrazAstra, lokAyatazAstra, devarSicarita aura sAmataMtra inameM se sabhI graMtha vaiyAkaraNa gArgya ke hI haiM yA nahIM, yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai / gArgya AMgirasa kula ke gotrakAra va maMtrakAra RSi hai| ye kula mUlataH kSatriya the| bAda meM inhoMne tapobala se brAhmaNatva prApta kiyaa| gArgya ke sambandha meM dharma-zAstrakAra hone kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| yadyapi inakA sampUrNa grantha kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi aparArka, smRticandrikA, mitAkSarA Adi graMthoM meM inake grantha ke aneka udhdaraNa liye gaye haiM / gAlava - eka prAkpANini vaiyAkaraNa / paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra inakA samaya I. pU. 4 thI zatAbdI hai| AcArya gAlava kA pANini naM 4 sthAnoM para ullekha kiyA hai( aSTAdhyAyI 6-3-61, 8-4-67, 7-1-74 aura 7-3-99) / anyatra bhI inakI carcA kI gaI hai, jaise- "mahAbhArata" ke zAMtiparva (342-103,104) meM gAlava, "kramapATha" " zikSApATha" ke pravaktA ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| inhoMne vyAkaraNa va saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 309 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ke atirikta anyAnya graMthoM kI bhI racanA kI thii| daivatagraMtha, vedanA-vedanagIti, 5. sUktimuktAvali, 6. zRMgAralaharI aura 7. zAlAkyataMtra, kAmasUtra, bhUvarNana aadi| suzruta ke TIkAkAra ___ "bhAratI", "saMskRtaratnAkAra" Adi patrikAoM meM prakAzita DalhaNa ke anusAra gAlava dhanvaMtari ke ziSya the| inake pitA rcnaaeN| kA nAma galu yA galava mAnA jAtA hai| bhagavaddattajI ke giridharalAla vyAsa zAstrI- janma- 2 apraila 1894 I. ko anusAra ye zAkalya ke ziSya the| udayapUra (mevAr3a) meM huaa| pitA-govardhana zarmA / saMskRta-sAhitya __ yAskapraNIta "nirukta" meM ullikhita niruktakAroM meM kI sevA ke lie kendrIya sarakAra dvArA 100/- ru. pratimAha gAlava ekatama haiN| gAlavAcArya kA nirukta meM ekabAra aura anudAna prApta / inakI prasiddha racanAeM haiM- 1. abhinava-kAvyaprakAza bRhadevatA meM cAra bAra ullekha milatA hai| gAlatra ke nAma (prathama va dvitIya bhAga), 2. kAvya-sudhAkara (candrAlokavRttirUpa), se eka brAhmaNa-graMtha" bhI prasiddha hai| "mahAbhArata' ke zAntiparva 3. svajIvanavRttam (kAvyam), 4. medapATetihAsaH (kAvyam) / meM gAlava nAma kA jo ullekha hai, usase eka aura niSkarSa saMpAdana- 1. vIrabhUmiH- saMskRta-padya-racanA, 2. yogasUtram, saMmata ho sakatA hai ki unakA gotra bAbhravya thaa| 3. paramArthavicAra, 4. caturacintAmaNiH (bhAgyatrayI), 5. giridharalAla gosvAmI- kAzI meM nivaas| kAzIvAle gosAI mahimnastotram, 6. candrazekharaH / aura giridharajI mahArAja ke nAmoM se prsiddh| saMpUrNa bhAgavata gIrvANendra dIkSita- I. 17 vIM shtii| nIlakaNTha dIkSita ke para "bAlaprabodhinI" nAmaka TIkA ke lekhk| vallabhAcArya tRtIya putra / zikSA pitA se paayii| kRtiyAM- anyApadeza-zataka kI TIkA "subodhinI' kI racanA aMzataH hone se sAMpradAyika (kAvya) aura zRMgArakoza (bhaann)| matAnusAra taditara skaMdhoM kA tAtparya anirNita raha gayA thaa| guNanandI- I. 10 vIM shtii| jainendra vyAkaraNa para zabdArNava isI abhAva kI pUrti, giridharalAlajI ne "bAlaprabodhinI" ke nAmaka vyAkhyA Apane likhI hai| jainendra dhAtupATha kA saMzodhana praNayana dvArA kii| bhI Apane kiyA hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita jainendra inakA dUsarA graMtha hai "shuddhaadvaitmaartnndd"| isameM inake mahAvRtti ke anta meM guNanandI dvArA saMzodhita dhAtupATha chapA hai| janmakAla kA ullekha 1847 sarvat (1780 I.) diyA gayA guNabhadra (prathama)- janmasthAna- dakSiNa arkATa jile kA hai| inhoMne subodhinI kA hI nahIM pratyuta prauDha dArzanika graMthoM tirumaruGkuNDam nagara / senasaMgha ke AcArya / guru-jinasena dvitIya / kA bhI anusaMdhAna evaM manana kiyA thaa| paMDita hone ke dAdAguru-vIrasena / sAdhanAbhUmi-karnATaka aura mahArASTra / sthitikAlaatirikta ye bar3e siddha puruSa the| kAzI kA prakhyAta gopAla rASTrakUTa akAlavarSa ke smkaaliin| I. navamazatI kA antima maMdira, inakA sAdhanA-sthala thaa| isa maMdira ke ye svAmI the| bhaag| racanAeM- AdipurANa (jinasena dvitIya dvArA adhUre choDe kahate haiM ki giridharalAlajI ke AzIrvAda se zreSTha hiMdI AdipurANa ke 43 veM parva ke caturtha padya se samApti paryanta sAhityika bhArateMdu harizcaMdra kA janma huA thaa| ataH unake 1620 padya-) zaka saM. 820, uttarapurANa (mahApurANa kA uttara upakRta hone ke kAraNa bhAratendu ke pitA apanI kavitAoM meM bhAga), AtmAnuzAsana aura jinadattacarita kAvya / apanA upanAma "giridhara" rakhate the| guNabhadra (dvitIya)- I. 13 vIM shtii| "uttara purANa" ke ye gopezvarajI ke ziSya the| inhoMne AcArya vallabha ke racayitA guNabhadra se bhinn| mANikya sena ke praziSya aura "aNu-bhASya" ko apanI pAMDityapUrNa TIkA se maMDita kiyaa| nemisena ke shissy| kavi ne bilAsapura ke jaina maMdira meM rahakara ye vyAkaraNa ke marmajJa vidvAna hone ke kAraNa pATha-bheda ke lambakaMcukavaMza ke mahAmanA sAhU zubhacandra ke putra balhaNa ke pravINa samIkSaka the| ataH inhoMne aNubhASya ke aneka pAThoM Agraha se dhanyakumAra-caritakAvya (sAta sarga) kI racanA kii| kA vivecana kara, usakA vizuddha svarUpa prastuta kiyaa| inakA yaha racanA mahobe ke candela nareza paramAdi deva ke zAsana-kAla vikhyAta graMtha "zuddhAdvaita-mArtaNDa", zuddhAdvaita ke siddhAMto ke pratipAdana meM upakAraka hai| guNabhUSaNa- samaya- I. 14 vIM shtii| mUla saMgha ke vidvAna giridhArIlAla zarmA telaMga bhaTTa (paM.)- janma- san 1895 vinayacandra ke praziSya aura trailokyakIrti ke ziSya / ii.| ApakA janma alavara meM huA thaa| pitA- raNachoDajI syAdvAda-cUDAmaNi ke nAma se khyaatipraapt| racanA gunnbhuussnntelNg| ye vyAkaraNa, sAhitya va vedAnta ke vidvAna haiN| Apa zrAvakAcAra (tIna uddezya) yaha graMtha vasunandi- zrAvakAcAra se "kavikiMkara" ke nAma se likhate haiN| san 1915 se 1935 prabhAvita hai| taka ye alavara va jhAlAvADa ke narezoM ke Azraya meM rhe| guNaviSNu- I. 13 vIM shtii| guNaviSNu kRta chAndogyamaMtra-bhASya,, vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa aneka rogoM se AkrAMta hokara jhAlAvADa sAmaveda kI kauthuma zAkhA ke maMtroM para likhA hai| inameM meM nivAsa karane lge| inakI prakAzita racanAeM haiM- 1. adhikAMza maMtra sAmamaMtra brAhmaNa ke hI haiM aura anya mantra Rtuzatakam, 2. alavaravarNanam, 3. mudrAmAhAtmyam, 4. kucha lupta sAma mantra pATha se lie hue ho sakate haiN| guNaviSNu "kavikikara" jhAlAvADa ke AkrAMta hokara 1. 310/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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baMgAla athavA mithilA ke nivAsI hoNge| ve mahArAja ballAlasena aura lakSmaNasena ke kAla meM rAjapaNDita the| sAyaNAcArya ne guNaviSNu AcArya se sahAyatA lI aisA vidvAnoM kA tarka hai| guNaviSNu AcArya ne pAraskara gRhyasUtra aura maMtra-brAhmaNa para bhI bhASya racanA kI haiN| guNAnanda vidyAvAgIza- 17 vIM shtii| racanAeManumAnadIdhitivivekaH, Atmatatmaviveka-dIdhiti-TIkA, guNavivRtti-viveka, nyAyakusumAMjaliviveka, nyAyalIlAvatIprakAza, dIdhitivivekaH aura zabdaloka-vivekaH / guruprasanna bhaTTAcArya- janma-san 1882 meN| smRti-paNDita kAzIrAma (vAcaspati) ke putra / kRtiyAM- zrIrAma (mahAkAvya) va mAthura (khaNDakAvya) / nAbhAga-carita (nATaka), bhAminIvilAsa aura madAlasA-kuvalayAzva tathA vruuthiniicNpuu| DhAkA aura vArANasI meM saMskRta ke prAdhyApaka rhe| gururAma- I. 16 vIM shtii| uttara arkATa jile ke nivaasii| pitA-svayaMbhU diikssit| mAtA-rAjanAtha kI knyaa| racanAeMharizcandracarita (campU), ratnezvara-prasAdana (nATaka), subhadrA-dhanaMjaya (nATaka), madana-gopAla-vilA: (bhANa) aura vibhAgaratnamAlikA / gulAbarAva mahArAja- samaya 1831-1915 I. janma- amarAvatI (vidarbha) jile ke lonITAkalI nAmaka zrama meM zakAbda 1803 meM huaa| pitA-goMdujI mohoDa aura maataa-alokaabaaii| mUla kSatriya, paraMtu ve svataH ko zUda kahate the| jaba ve 7-8 varSa ke bAlaka the taba unakI AMkhoM kI jyoti sadA ke liye calI gyii| unake sAtha sautelI mAtA kA vyavahAra acchA na hone se ve prAyaH ghara ke bAhara hI rahA krte| aMdhatva ke kAraNa de pAThazAlA nahI jA sakate the| ve ekapAThI the| ataH jo-kucha zravaNa karate, vaha unheM turanta mukhodgata ho jAtA thaa| gAva meM kabhI-kabhI ekAdha mullA-maulavI A jAtA to ve usake nikaTa jAkara usase kurANa kI AyateM zravaNa krte| ___ eka bAra gulAbarAva mahArAja apane par3osI ke yahAM khelane gaye the| usI samaya paDosa ke sItArAma bhuyAra kI mAM apanI potI ke sAtha vahAM phuNcii| usane vinoda meM 12 varSa ke gulAba se kahA- "eka mukke meM nAriyala phoDa do, to apana potI meM tumheM dUMgI" unhoMne ne vaha praNa pUrNa kara dikhaayaa| aMdha gulAba kA vivAha usI kanyA manakarNikA ke sAtha huaa| mahArAja ne sabhI zAstroM kA jJAna zravaNa se hI prApta kiyA thaa| veda-vedAnta se lekara saMgIta, vaidyaka, sAhityazAstra, thiyaoNsaphI, pAzcAtya darzana, Adhunika vijJAna, itihAsa Adi viSayoM para unhoMne adhikAra-vANI se vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| mahArAja ne sUtragrantha se lekara Akara granthoM taka vividha prakAra kI racanAeM marAThI, hindI aura saMskRta bhASA meM kI haiN| unakI saMkhyA 125 hai| sabhI graMtha nAgapura meM prakAzita / unakI saMskRta racanAoM kI nAmAvali isa prakAra hai| ___1. antarvijJAnasaMhitA, 2. Izvaradarzana, 3. samasUtrI, 4. durgAtattvam, 5. kAvyasUtra-saMhitA, 6. zizubodha-vyAkaraNa, 7. nyAyasUtrANi, 8. ekAdazI-nirNaya, 9. purANamImAMsA, 10. nAradIya-bhaktyadhikaraNa-nyAyamAlA, 11. bhaktisUtra, 12. zrIdharocchiSTapuSTi, 13. ucchiSTapuSTilekha, 14. Rgveda-TippaNI, 15. bAlavAsiSTha, 16. zAstrasamanvaya, 17. AgamadIpikA, 18. yuktitattvAnuzAsana, 19. tattvabodha, 20. SaDdarzanaleza-saMgraha, 21. bhaktitattvavivekaH, 22. priyapremonmAda, 23. goviMdAnandasudhA, 24. mAnasAyurveda, 27. saMpradAyakusumamadhu, 28. saccinnirNaya, 29. kAntakAntAvAkyapuSpam aura 30. maatraamRtpaanm| gulAbarAva mahArAja madhurAdvaita saMpradAya ke pravartaka the| mahArAja kahate the ki mujhe saMta jJAnezvara ne godI meM lekara kRpA-dRSTi se nihArA, aura merI yogyatA Adi na dekhate hue mujha para apanI karuNA kI varSA kara apane nAma kA mantra mujhe (sana 1901) diyaa| isa sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt mahArAja ko jJAnasiddhi prApta huii| mahArAja kI patnI manakarNikA patiparAyaNa to thI hI, sAtha hI zreSTha ziSyA bhI thii| eka bAra mahArAja ne apanI patnI ko kasauTI para parakhane kA nizcaya kiyaa| unheM cAra mAsa kA ikalautA putra thaa| putra-mohavaza patnI kA citta paramArtha-mArga se vicalita to nahIM hotA yaha parakhane ke liye, eka dina rAtri ko (disaMbara 1905) unhoMne patnI se kahA ki vaha apane hAtha se saMtAna ko viSa khilA de| usa kasauTI para manakarNikA kharI utrii| mahArAja ko parama saMtoSa huaa| bAda meM manakarNikA ko jJAta huA ki pati ne putra ko pilAne jhUTha-mUTha kA viSa diyA thaa| di. 20 sitaMbara 1915 ko, Ayu ke 34 veM varSa meM, mahArAja ne apanI ihalIlA samApta kii| guha trailokyamohana - racanA- giitbhaartm| viSaya-AGgla sAmrAjya tathA samrAjJI vhikToriyA kA yazogAna / guhadeva - I. 8 vIM yA 9 vIM shtii| yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA ke eka bhASyakAra / saguNa brahma hI upaniSadoM kA pratipAdya hai, yaha inakA siddhAMta hai| zAstrokta karma ke binA Izvara prApti saMbhava nahIM- yaha mata bhI inhoMne pratipAdita kiyA hai| inakA bhASya-graMtha upalabdha nahIM, kiMtu devarAja yajvA ne apane nighaMTu-bhASya kI bhUmikA meM aura rAmAnujAcArya ne apane vedArtha-saMgraha meM guhadeva kA nirdeza kiyA hai| gokulacandra- Apane aSTAdhyAyI-saMkSipta vRtti kI racanA kI hai| gokulanAtha - pitA- mahAkavi vidyAnidhi pItAmbara / gRhasthAzrama ke prArambhika dina zrInagara ke rAjA phatehazAha (1684-1716) ke samAzraya me rhe| bAda meM mithilaa-nivaasii| mithilA ke rAjA rAghavasiMha (1703-1709) ke prItyartha "mAsamImAMsA" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| kAzI meM 90 varSa kI avasthA meM mRtyu / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 311 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gotama eka vaidika RSi / pitA rahugaNa / zatapatha ke anusAra ye rAjA janaka aura RSi yAjJavalvaya ke samakAlIna the (zatapatha brAhmaNa 11.4.3.20 ) / atharvaveda meM bhI inakA do bAra ullekha AtA hai| (4.29.6.18.3.16 ) / inheM vAmadeva aura nodhA nAmaka do putra the / RgvedA rakSoghna agni kA sUkta (R. 4.4) gautama se unake putra vAmadeva ko prApta huA thA (R. 4.4.11) / satkRtya aura bhakti ke saMyoga se aMgirasa dvArA prathama agni nirmANa kiyA aisA isane ullekha kiyA hai (i.R. 83.4 ) / inhoMne gautama aura bhadra nAmaka prasiddha sAmoM kI racanA kii| ye eka stoma ke kartA haiN| inakI gaNanA saptarSiyoM meM hotI hai| pratyeka maMgalakArya meM gautama ke nimna maMtra kA paThana kiyA jAtA hai. svasti na indro vRddhazravAH svasti naH pUSA vizvavedAH / svasti nastArkSyo ariSTanemiH svasti no bRhaspatirdadhAtu / / (R. 1.89.6) artha-jJAnasaMpanna iMdra, sarvajJa pUSA, jisake ratha kI gati apratihata hai aise tArkSya tathA bRhaspati hamArA maMgala kreN| inake viSaya meM pracalita do AkhyAyikAoM meM se eka isa prakAra hai sarasvatI nadI ke kinAre videghamAdhava apane purohita gautama ke sAtha rahate the| eka dina videghamAdhava ke mukha se vaizvAnara- agni pRthvI para gira pdd'aa| vaha agni sabhI vastuoM ko bhasma karatA huA pUrva dizA kI aura bar3hatA gayA / videghamAdhava aura gautama ne usakA pIchA kiyaa| vaizvAnara- agni kI gati sadAnIrA nadI ke taTa para pahuMcate hI ruka gii| videghamAdhava ne agni se pUchA "aba meM kahAM rahUM? agni ne uttara diyA- "isa sadAnIrA nadI kI pUrva dizA meM tuma rho"| videghamAdhava vahIM rahane lge| taba se usa kSetra kA nAma videha huaa| (za.brA. 1.4.1.10 ) / isa AkhyAyikA kA mahattva aitihAsika hai| isase sUcita hotA hai, ki videSamAdhava va gautama dvArA yajJapradhAna Arya-saMskRti kA vistAra pUrva dizA kI ora huaa| Rgveda meM gautama ke aneka sUkta haiM (1.74-93, 9.31, 9.67 Adi) / godAvarmA (godavarmA) janta - 1800 I. / nampUtiri brAhmaNa / vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, hastizAstra va dharmazAstra meM pravINa kerala ke yuvarAja, paraMtu virakta pravRtti / kRtiyAM mahendravijaya (mahAkAvya) jo vAlkudbhava ke nAma se bhI jJAta hai| tripuradahana (laghu kAvya), rasasadana (bhANa), rAmacarita (mahAkAvya), jisake 13 sargoM kI racanA ke bAda 312 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa inakI mRtyu hone se, unake vaMzaja rAmavarmA ne use 40 sargo meM pUrNa kiyaa| dazAvatAra daNDaka (stotra ) tathA anya nau stotragrantha aura sudhAnaMdalaharI / sabhI graMtha mudrita ho cuke haiN| gopAla - rAjadharma ke nibaMdhakAra / inhoMne "rAjanIti - kAmadhenu" nAmaka nibaMdha graMtha kA praNayana kiyA thA, jo saMprati anupalabdha hai| inakA samaya 1000 I. ke AsapAsa hai| rAjanIti-nibaMdhakAroM meM gopAla sarvaprathama nibaMdhakAra ke rUpa me Ate haiN| caMDezvarakRta "rAjanIti - ratnAkara" va "nibaMdha - ratnAkara" meM gopAla kI carcA kI gaI hai| gopAla cakravartI - I. 17 vIM zatI / kulanAma- vaMdyaghaTIya / pitA durgAdAsa kRtiyA amarakoza tathA caNDIzataka para ttiikaaeN| gopAla zAstrI I. 19-20 vIM zatI vizAkhApaTTanam ke nivAsI / "sItArAmAbhyudaya" nAmaka kAvya ke praNetA / gopAla zAstrI 20 vIM zatI kAzI ke nivaasii| I. / vyAkaraNAcArya, sAhityAcArya va nyAyatIrtha / san 1921 se 1947 taka kAzI- vidyApITha meM darzana ke AcArya / bhAratIya svatantratA saMgrAma meM kArAvAsa / vRddhAvasthA meM jyotirmaThastha badarInAtha veda-vedAMga mahAvidyAlaya ke pradhAnAcArya / "paNDitarAja", "darzanakesarI" tathA " mahAmahAdhyApaka" - upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta / kRtiyAM - nArIjAgaraNa, gomahimAbhinaya tathA pANinIya nAmaka nATaka / gopAlasena kavirAja I. 17 vIM zatI senabhUma (baMgAla) ke nivAsI / "yogAmRta" graMtha ke kartA / gopInAtha kavibhUSaNa - karaNavaMzIya vAsudeva pAtra ke putra / pitA - vAsudeva, khiminDI ke gajapati jagannAtha nArAyaNa ke rAjavaidya / samaya- I. 1766 se 1806 racanAeM kavicintAmaNi aura rAmacandra-vihAra (kAvya) / gopInAtha cakravartI- "kautukasarvasva" (prahasana) ke prnnetaa| samaya 18 vIM zatI uttarArdha / gopInAtha dAdhIca janma san 1810 ke lagabhaga / jayapura nareza savAI mAdhavasiMha (san 1880-1922) kA samAzraya prApta / AcArya jIvanAtha ojhA se vyAkaraNa, nyAya, sAhitya, vedAnta kI shikssaa| bAda meM jayapura ke saMskRta vidyAlaya meM adhyApaka kRtiyAM mAdhava-svAtaMtrya (nATaka), vRtta- cintAmaNi, zivapadamAlA, svAnubhavASTaka, rAma saubhAgya zataka, svajIvana-carita, Ananda- raghunandana, yazavanta pratApa prazasti, nIti- dRSTAMta - paMcAzikA Adi 23 saMskRta graMtha / satya-vijaya tathA samaya-parivartana nAmaka do hindI nATaka | gopInAtha maunI I. 17 vIM zatI racanAeM zabdAlokarahasyam, ujvalA (tarkabhASA TIkA) aura pdaarth-vivek-ttiikaa| - - - - gopendra timma bhUpAla- zAlva vaMzIya vijayanagara ke rAjA / I. 15 vIM zatI / racanA - vAmana ke kAvyAlaMkArasUtra kI TIkA evaM tAladIpikA /

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gopendranAtha gosvAmI - I. 20 vIM shtii| baMgAlI / "pAdapa-dUta" / govardhana - (1) I. 16 vIM shtii| naiyaayik| inhoMne ke rcyitaa| kezavamizra ke tarkabhASA nAmaka grantha para tarkabhASAprakAza nAmaka gopezvara- saM. 1836-1897 / inhoMne puSTimArgIya purUSottamajI TIkA likhI hai| ke "bhASya-prakAza" para "razmi" nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| (2) baMgAla meM bhI isI nAma ke eka vyakti hue jinhoMne goyIcandra- jaumara-vyAkaraNa-pariziSTa ke racanAkAra / "purANasarvasva" nAmaka grantha likhA hai| jaumara-vyAkaraNa ke khila pATha kI vRtti likhii| isa goyIcandra (3) draupadIvastraharaNam ke lekhaka kRta vRtti kI 6 vyAkhyAkAroM ne vyAkhyA racI hai| (4) madhukelivallI ke lekhaka gorakhanAtha (gorakSanAtha) - inake avirbhAva-kAla ke saMbaMdha govardhanAcArya - "AryA-saptazatI" nAmaka zrRMgAra pradhAna muktaka meM matabheda haiN| kucha vidvAna inakA samaya I. 11-12 zatAbdI kAvya ke rcyitaa| pitA-nIlAMbara somyaajii| baMgAla ke rAjA meM mAnate hai| inake janma tathA varNa ke saMbaMdha meM matamatAntara lakSmaNasena ke Azrita kvi| samaya- 1075-1125 I. / inhoMne haiN| DaoN. mohanasiMha inheM vidhavA kI avaidha santAna batAte haiN| apane AzrayadAtA kA ullekha apane grantha meM isa prakAra kiyA hai| gorakSasiddhAntasaMgraha meM inheM "IzvarI santAna" kahA gayA hai, sakalakalAH kalpayituM prabhuH prabaMdhasya kumudabaMdhozca / jisakA artha hai anaurasa sntaan| matiratnAkara ke anusAra ye senakulatilakabhUpatireko rAkApradoSazca / / 39 / / zUdra haiN| DA. dvivedI inakA janma brAhmaNa-kula meM batAte haiN| apane kAvya kI prazaMsA karate hue ve kahate haiM - DA. rA.ciM. Dhere ke matAnusAra inakA janma dakSiNa meM base hue masaNapadarItigatayaH sajjanahRdayAbhisArikAH surasAH / kAzmIrI brAhmaNa paNDita ke kula meM huA hai| gorakSanAtha atyaMta virakta puruSa the| jJAnezvara mahArAja unheM "viSayavidhvaMsakavIra" madanAdvayopaniSado vizadA govardhanasyAryAH / / 51 / / vizeSaNa se sambodhita karate haiN| AryAvRtta meM racita 756 zlokoM kI "AryAsaptazatI" meM inake pramukha ziSya the- mahArASTra ke amaranAtha aura gahinInAtha, kahIM kahIM zrRMgAra kA citraNa parAkASTA para pahuMca gayA hai, ujjayinI ke rAjA bhartRhari, baMgAla ke rAjA gopIcandra aura jisakI AlocakoM ne niMdA kI hai| anyokti kA prayoga prAyaH nItiviSayaka kathanoM meM hI kiyA jAtA rahA hai para inhoMne vimalA devii| zrRMgArAtmaka saMdarbho meM bhI isakA prayoga aisI kuzalatA ke sAtha inake saMskRta granthaH- amanasva, amaraugha, prabodha, gorakSapaddhati, kiyA hai ki kalApriyatA va zabdavaicitrya unakA sAtha nahIM choddte| gorakSasaMhitA, yogamArtaNDa, gorakSakalpa, avadhUtagItA, gorakSagItA aadi| "gItagoviMda" ke racayitA kavi jayadeva inakI prazaMsA isa gorakSanAtha ne IzvaropAsanA meM deza, kAla, dharma, vaMza, jAti prakAra karate haiM - ke bandhanoM ko tyAjya mAnA, aura vaha bAta apane AcaraNa "zrRMgArottarasatprameyaracanairAcAryagovardhana / spardhI ko'pi na vizrutaH" / / se siddha kara dikhaaii| inake ziSyoM meM hindU aura musalamAna artha - zrRMgArapradhAna kavitA karane meM AcArya govardhana ke donoM the| bAbA ratana hAjI inakA pramukha musalamAna anuyAyI sAtha pratidvandvitA kara sakane vAlA dUsarA koI sunA nhiiN| thaa| Aja bhI nAtha sampradAya kI rAvala zAkhA meM musalamAna inake do ziSyoM ke nAma hai - udayana aura balabhadra / bahusaMkhyAMka haiN| striyAM tathA antyaja bhI inake anuyAyI the| goviMda - (1) samaya - 13 vIM shtii| inakI ziSyA vimalAdevI tathA mayanAvatI nAmaka do mahilAeM rcnaa-raagtaal-paarijaat-prkaash| isa graMtha meM zAGgadeva kA thiiN| baMgAla ke haDipA nAmaka aMtyaja bhI, jo Age cala kr| ullekha milatA hai| jAlandaranAtha nAma se vikhyAta hue, inake anuyAyI the| (2) samaya - I. 15 vIM shtii| jaati-agrvaal| gotr-grg| akhila bhAratIya stara para mata-prasArArtha, gorakhanAtha dvArA pitA- saahu| mAtA- pdmshrii| graMtha- puruSArthAnuzAsana / graMthastha lokabhASA vizeSataH hindI ko apanAyA gyaa| Age cala kara prazasti ke anusAra yaha graMtha kAyastha lakSmaNa kI preraNA se anya sAdhusantoM ne unhIM se preraNA prApta kara lokabhASA ko nirmita huaa| hI apane vicAra-prasAra kA mAdhyama banAyA, yaha vizeSa lakSaNIya (3) shriinivaasputr| racanA kRssnncndrodyH|| bAta hai| gorakhanAtha varNAzrama ke kaTTara virodhaka the| ve govindakAnta vidyAbhUSaNa - I. 19-20 shtii| gauDa baarendr| zabda-prAmANya ke sthAna para AtmAnubhUtiprAmANya ko mahattva dete the| pitA - shriikaant| zAlikhA grAma (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| golokanAtha baMdyopAdhyAya- I. 19 vIM shtii| jiyArAkhI "laghubhArata" ke krtaa| (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| kRtiyAM- devyAgamana tathA hIrakajubilI- govinda khannA nyAyavAgIza - I. 17 vIM shtii| racanAeM - kaavy| nyAyasaMkSepa, padArthakhaNDana-vyAkhyA aura samAsavAda / saMskRta bAipaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 313 For Private and Personal Use Only

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govindadAsa - I. 16 vIM zatI kA mdhy| baMgAlI vaiSNava kvi| "karNAmRta" tathA "saMgItamAdhava" nAmaka kRSNabhaktipara gItakAvya ke rcyitaa| govindadAsa - I. 17 vIM shtii| satkAvyaratnAkara, kAvyadIpikA tathA cikitsAmRta TIkA ke krtaa| govinda dIkSita - I. sa. 1554-16261 karnATakI braahmnn| kAverI nadI ke kinAre sthita paTTIzvaram grAma ke muulnivaasii| ayyana nAma se bhI pahicAne jAte the| patnI kA nAma nAgambA thaa| donoM kA eka putalA paTTIzvaram ke mandira meM Aja bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| taMjaura ke rAjA acyutarAya nAyaka tathA rAjA raghunAtharAya nAyaka ke pradhAna the| inhoMne "harivaMzasAracaritam" nAmaka grantha tIna khaNDoM meM likhA hai| inake dvArA racita pada "saMgItasudhAnidhi" nAmaka grantha meM saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| vedAnta, dharma, zilpa, saMgIta Adi zAstroM para bhI inhoMne grantharacanA kI hai| apane "sAhityasudhA" nAmaka kAvya meM inhoMne rAjA acyuta va rAjA raghunAtha kA caritra varNana kiyA hai| inhoMne eka abhinava vINA kA AviSkAra kiyA jisameM caudaha parde hote haiN| yaha "taMjaura" ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| audArya, nIti-nipuNatA, dhArmikatA, vidvattA Adi guNoM se vibhUSita hone ke kAraNa rAjA prajA donoM para inakA prabhAva thaa| govindapAda - advaita saMpradAya ke eka pramukha AcArya, gauDapAdAcArya ke ziSya aura zaMkarAcArya ke guru| ye narmadA taTa para nivAsa karate the| "rasahRdayatantra" nAmaka eka grantha kI racanA kI hai| govindabhaTTa - (1) bIkAnera ke nivaasii| inhoMne vahAM ke rAjA ke yaza kA varNana apane kAvya "rAmacandrayazaHprabandha" meM kiyA hai| ___ (2) padyamuktAvalI nAmaka subhASitasaMgraha ke lekhk| govinda bhaTTAcArya - I. 17 vIM shtii| rudra vAcaspati ke putra / "padyamuktAvalI' ke rcyitaa| govindarAja - I. 11 vIM shtii| pitA- bhttttmaadhv| pitaamh-naaraaynn| inhoMne manusmRti para TIkA likhii| inakA smRtimaMjarI nAmaka dharmazAstraviSayaka grantha bhI prasiddha hai| govinda rAya - I. 19 vIM shtii| "svAsthya-tattva" nAmaka AyurvedaviSayaka graMtha ke rcyitaa| govinda sAmantarAya - I. 18 vIM shtii| baaNkii| (utkala) ke nivaasii| pitaa-raamcNdr| pitaamh-vishvnaath| tInoM ko "sAmantarAya" upAdhi thii| "samRddhamAdhava" nAmaka sAta aMkI nATaka ke racayita / "kavibhUSaNa" kI upAdhi se bhI vibhuussit| govindAnanda - 1) inhoMne zaMkarAcArya ke zArIrabhASya para "ratnaprabhA" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| 2) I. saM. 1500-1554 / mUlataH drvidd| pazcAt bAMkurA ke nivaasii| pitA-gaNapati bhtttt| "kavikaMkaNAcArya" nAma se vibhuussit| inake dharmazAstra viSayaka dAnakaumudI, zuddhi kaumudI, zrAddhakaumudI tathA varSakRtya-kaumudI nAmaka pramukha cAra grantha upalabdha haiN| inake arthakaumudI aura tattvArthakaumudI nAmaka do TIkA graMtha bhI haiN| arthakaumudI, zuddhidIpikA kI tathA tatvArthakaumudI, zUlapANi ke prAyazcittaviveka kI, TIkA hai| amarakoza kI TIkA bhI Apane likhI hai| goSUkti kANvAyana - Rgveda ke 8 ve maMDala ke 13 veM aura 14 veM sUkta ke racayitA jinameM indra kI isa prakAra prazaMsA kI gayI hai - indra ne bala nAmaka asura kA vadha kiyA, cAro aura saMcAra karane vAlI adhArmika ToliyoM kA vinAza kiyA. namacI rAkSasa kA zirazcheda kiyA, tathA guphA meM chipA kara rakhI gaI gAyoM kA AMgirA RSi ke liye uddhAra kiyaa| eka RcA isa prakAra hai - indreNa rocanA divo daLhAni iMhitAni c| __ sthirANi na parANude / / AkAza meM jo tejasvI aura lakSyavedhI nakSatra khacAkhaca ubhare hue dikhAI dete haiM, ve apane apane sthAna para indra dvArA dRDhatA se sthira kiye gaye haiN| unheM koI bhI zakti hilA nahIM sktii| gauDApAdAcArya - I. 6 vIM shtii| zrIzaMkarAcArya ke guru govindAcArya ke ye guru the| ye mahArASTra ke sAMgalI jile ke bhUpAla nAmaka grAma ke mUla nivAsI the| pitA-viSNudeva, maataa-gunnvtii| inakA vyAvahArika nAma zukadatta thaa| ___ gauDApAdAcArya bacapana meM hI tapazcaryA karane ke liye ghara se nikala pdde| tapazcaryA kAla meM unheM dRSTAnta huA, jisake anusAra ve guru kI khoja meM vaMgadeza meM jiSNudeva nAmaka siddhapuruSa ke pAsa gye| guru ne unheM dIkSA dI aura atyaMta dUra se paidala cala kara Aye hue apane ziSya kA, 'gauDapAda' arthAt paidala cala kara gauDa deza AyA huA aisA anvarthaka nAma rkhaa| inakI guru paraMparA "vyAsaM zukaM gauDapAdaM mahAntam" isa prakAra batAte haiM parantu "zuka" se kisI nizcita vyakti kA bodha nahIM hotaa| advaita siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karane vAle prAcIna AcAryoM meM gauDapAdAcArya kA nAma agraNI hai| unhoMne mAMDUkyopaniSad para kArikAyeM likhI hai jinameM advaita vedAnta kA saMpUrNa tattvajJAna saMkSepa meM grathita kiyA hai| eka kArikA isa prakAra hai - ajAtasyaiva bhAvasya jAtimicchAnti vAdinaH / ajAto hyamRto bhAvo martyatAM kathameSyati / / na bhavatyamRtaM maryaM na maya'mamRtaM tthaa| prakRteranyathAbhAvo na kathaMcid bhaviSyati / / artha - dvaitavAdI, jo ajanmA hai usase AtmA ke janma 314/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kI kAmanA karate haiN| (AtmA janma grahaNa karatA hai aisA . "niMbArkasahasranAma" graMtha ke prnnetaa| mAnate haiN)| jo vastu ajAta aura amara hai, vaha martya kaise gaurIkAnta sArvabhauma - I. 18 vIM shtii| vaMga pradeza vAsI hogii| amara vastu kabhI martya nahIM hotI tathA martya kbhii| naiyaayik| inhoMne bhAvArthadIpikA, tarkabhASA-TIkA, sayuktiamara nahIM hotI / prakRti ke viparIta kadApi kucha nahIM hotaa| muktAvali, AnandalaharItarI, vidagdhamukhaNDana-TIkA tathA anugItAbhASya, uttaragItAbhASya, cidAnandakelivilAsa, vivAdArNavabhaMjana Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| (devImAhAtmya TIkA), sAMkhyakArikAbhASya Adi grantha bhI gaurIkAnta dvija kavisUrya - asama nareza kamalezvarasiMha gauDapAdAcArya dvArA racita batAye jAte haiN| (1785-1810) dvArA sammAnita zaiva pNddit| pitA-govinda / gautama - nyAyazAstra ke prAmANabhUta AdyagraMtha "nyAyasUtra" "vighnebhajanmodaya" nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| ke racayitA maharSi gautama haiN| samaya- vikrama pUrva caturtha shtk| gaurIprasAda jhAlA - muMbaI ke senTa jheviyara mahAvidyAlaya meM nyAyazAstra ke nirmANa kA zreya inhIM ko diyA jAtA hai, yadyapi sNskRtaadhypk| racanA-suSamA (sphuTa kAvya saMgraha) isa saMbaMdha meM matavibhinnatA bhI kama nahIM hai| "padmapurANa" (uttarakhaMDa adhyAya-263), "skaMdapurANa" (kAlikA khaMDa, gRtsamada - pitA kA nAma aMgirasa kula ke shnhotr| ye adhyAya 17), "naiSadhacarita" (sarga 17), "gAMdharvataMtra" va zanaka ke dattakaputra the| gRtsa kA artha hai prANa tathA mada kA "vizvanAthavRtti" prabhRti graMthoM meM gautama ko hI nyAyazAstra kA artha hai apaan| prANApAna kA samanvaya arthAt gRtsamada / pravartaka kahA gayA hai| kintu katipaya graMthoM meM akSapAda ko gRtsamada tathA unake kula ke loga, Rgveda ke dUsare maMDala nyAyazAstra kA racayitA batalAyA gayA hai| aise graMthoM meM ke raciyatA haiN| "nyAyabhASya", "nyAyavArtika-tAtparya-TIkA" va "nyAyamaMjarI" ke ____ AcArya vinobA bhAve ke kathanAnusAra gRtsamada bahumukhI nAmoM kA samAveza hai| eka tIsarA mata kavivara bhAsa kA hai, pratibhA-saMpanna vaidika RSi the| ve jJAnI, bhakta kavi, gaNitajJa, jo medhAtithi ko nyAyazAstra ke racayitA mAnate haiN| prAcIna vijJAnavettA, kRSisaMzodhaka tathA kuzala bunakara the| samudra kI vidvAna gautama ko hI akSapAda mAnate haiM para Adhunika vidvAnoM bhApa se paryanyavRSTi hotI hai, yaha unhoMne sarvaprathama btaayaa| ne isa saMbaMdha meM aneka vivAdAspada vicAra vyakta kiye haiM yaha unakI vaijJAnika pratibhA kA paricAyaka hai| ye vidarbhavAsI jinase yaha prazna adhika ulajha gayA hai| DaoN. surendranAtha dAsaguptA the| isa pradeza meM inhoMne kapAsa kI khetI prAraMbha kI thii| ne apane prasiddha graMtha "hisTrI oNpha iMDiyana philaoNsAphI bhAga-2" unake sUktoM meM katAI-bunAI ke dRSTAMta pramukhatA se pAye jAte meM gautama ko kAlpanika vyakti mAna kara, akSapAda ko nyAyasUtra haiN| nimnalikhita RcA isakA udAharaNa haikA praNetA svIkAra kiyA hai para anya vidvAna dAsaguptajI se sAdhvapAsi sanatA na ukSite sahamata nahIM hai| "mahAbhArata" meM gautama va medhAtithi ko uSAsAnaktA vayyeva raNvite / / (R. 2.3.6.) abhinna mAnA gayA hai| artha- yaha yauvanADhya rAtri pakSiyoM ke samAna ramaNIya hai "medhAtithirmahAprAjJo gautamastapasi sthitaH" tathA saMlagna hai| yaha kAlarUpa dhAge se niraMtara vastra bunatI (zAMti parva, adhyAya 265-45) / hai| gRtsamada gaNita kI guNAkAra prakriyA ke AviSkAraka the| yahAM eka saMjJA vaMzabodhaka tathA dUsarI nAmabodhaka hai| isa nimna RcA meM mAnoM do-eka-do, do-dUnA cAra, do-trika-chaha, samasyA kA samAdhAna nyAyazAstra ke vikAsa kI do dhArAoM ___Adi isa prakAra de kara ginatI kahI gayI hai| ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, jisake anusAra prAcIna nyAya A dvAbhyAM haribhyAmindra yAhyA kI do paddhatiyAM thii| (1) adhyAtmapradhAna aura (2) tarkapradhAna / caturbhirA ssddbhirhRymaanH| inameM prathama dhArA ke pravartaka gautama aura dvitIya ke pratiSThApaka ASTAbhirdazabhiH somapeya akSapAda mAne gaye haiN| isa prakAra prAcIna nyAya kA nirmANa mayaM sutaH sumakha mA mRdhaskaH / / (R.2.18.4) maharSi gautama evaM akSapAda ina donoM mahApuruSoM ke sammilita artha- he iMdra, tumheM hama AmaMtrita karate haiN| isaliye tuma prayatna kA phala mAnA gayA hai| (ratha ko) do azva jota kara, cAra jota kara, chaha jota kara gauradhara - I. 13 vIM shtii| suprasiddha "stutikusumAMjali" ke Ao, yA icchA ho to ATha yA dasa jota kara aao| he kartA jagaddhara ke pitaamh| Apane yajurveda para "vedavilAsa" paramapavitra devatA, yahAM somarasa chanA hai use asvIkAra mata kro| nAmaka RjubhASya kI racanA kI hai| inake sUktoM meM aneka ojapUrNa RcAyeM hai jo unake gauranAtha - samaya 15 vIM zatI (pUrvArdha) / racanA - sNgiitsudhaa| vijigISu prayogazIla tathA jIvanaviSayaka udAtta dRSTikoNa ko gauramukhAcArya - vaiSNavoM ke niMbArka saMpradAya ke pravartaka prakaTa karatI haiN| udA. AcArya nibArka ke shissy| nivAsasthAna - naimiSAraNya / "prAye prAye jigIvAMsaH syAma" saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 315 For Private and Personal Use Only

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artha- "jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM hama vijayI hoM" para RNA sAvIradha matkRtAni / / mAhaM rAjannanyakRtena bhojm|| (R. 2.28.9.) he varuNa aisA karo ki maiM apane dvArA kiye gae RNoM se mukta ho sakU tathA mujha para aisA avasara na Ae ki maiM dUsaroM ke parizrama para jIvananivArha kruuN| Upara gRtsamada kA vaidika caritra diyA gayA hai| unakA paurANika caritra kucha bhinna hai| vAcaknavI RSi kI kanyA mukuMdA, rukmAMgada nAmaka rAjaputra para atyaMta mohita thii| eka bAra usane rAjaputra se kAma-pUrti kI yAcanA kii| paraMtu rAjaputra ne vaha asvIkAra kii| taba mukuMdA ne use zApa diyA ki use mahAroga hogaa| rukmAMgada kI prApti ke liye mukuMdA kI vyAkulatA kA indra ne lAbha utthaayaa| usane rukmAMgada kA rUpa dhAraNa kara mukuMdA se samAgama kiyaa| isa saMbaMdha se gRtsamada kA janma huaa| eka dina gRtsamada zrAddha-karma ke liye magadharAja ke yahAM aneka RSiyoM ke sAtha upasthita hue the| vahAM atri ke sAtha gRtsamada kA vAda-vivAda chiDa gyaa| atri ne unheM RSisamudAya ke samakSa jAraja-putra kahakara tiraskRta kiyaa| gRtsamada isa apamAna se kSubdha ho apane Azrama meM lauTa Ae aura apanI mAM se apane janmadAtA ke viSaya meM puuchaa| mAM ne zApa ke bhaya se saba-kucha saca-saca batalA diyaa| ve atyaMta duHkhita hue| isake bAda unhoMne gaNeza kI kaThora upAsanA kii| gaNezajI una para prasanna hue| gaNezajI ne unake dvArA mAMgA gayA brAhmaNya kA varadAna unheM diyaa| isa kAraNa gRtsamada ko gANapatya saMpradAya kA pravartaka mAnA jAtA hai| ghaTakarpara- paramparAnusAra vikramAditya ke nau ratnoM meM se ek| "ghaTakapara" nAmaka yamakabaddha kAvya ke rcyitaa| apane kAvya ke aMtima zloka meM kavi Atmastuti ke sAtha kahatA hai "yadi yamaka-kAvya-racanA meM mujhe koI jItegA, to usake ghara, maiM ghaTakarpara se pAnI bhruuNgaa| meM yaha zapathapUrvaka kahatA hUM ki merI racanA mere hI nAma se jJAta hai| saMbhavataH zloka meM prayukta "ghaTakara" zabda ke kAraNa kavi kA yahI nAma par3a gyaa| kevala 22 zlokoM ke inake "ghaTakarpara' (viraha-kAvya) para sAta se adhika vidvAnoM kI TIkAeM haiM aura isa kAvya kA jarmana bhASA meM anuvAda huA hai| ghanazyAma (kavi-Aryaka)- taMjaura ke rAjA tukojI bhosale (1729-1733 I.) ke mNtrii| do patniyAM- kamalA tathA suMdarI viduSI thiiN| donoM ne mila kara "viddhazAlaMbhajikA" kI "camatkAra-taraMgiNI" TIkA likhii| zAkaMbarI paramahaMsa ke ye dauhitra the| ye ghaTakarpara ke TIkAkAra hai| inhoMne bAraha varSa kI Ayu meM bhojacaMpU ke "yuddhakANDa" kA praNayana kiyaa| sau se adhika racanAeM, jinameM 64 racanAeM saMskRta, 20 prAkRta tathA zeSa anya bhASAoM meM haiN| taMjaura ke sarasvatI-bhavana meM, inake adhikAMza graMtha prApya / sarvajJa, kaNThIrava, suranIra, vazyavAk ina upAdhiyoM tathA "Aryaka" nAma se prasiddha the| pramukha racanAeM- kumAravijaya (nATaka), madanasaMjIvana (bhANa), navagrahacarita, Damaruka, pracaNDa-rAhUdaya, anubhUti-cintAmaNi (nATikA), pracaNDAnuraMjana (prahasana), AnandasundarI (saTTaka) aura bhavabhUti ke nATaka-mahAvIra carita ke 2 anupalabdha aNk| aprApya graMtha- gaNeza-carita, trimaThI nATaka, eka Dima aura eka vyAyoga jo camatkAra-taraMgiNI meM ullikhita hai| kAvya- bhagavatpAdacarita, SaNmatimaNDana, aura anyApadezazataka / prasaMgalIlArNava, veMkaTacarita aura sthalamAhAtmyapaMcaka (aprApya) TIkAeM- uttara-rAmacarita, bhAratacampU, viddhazAlabhaMjikA, nIlakaMThavijaya campU, abhijJAnazAkuntala tathA dazakumAracarita pr| aprApya TIkAeM- mahAvIracarita, vikramorvazIya, veNIsaMhAra, caNDakauzika, prabodha-candrodaya, kAdambarI, vAsavadattA, bhojacampU tathA gAthAsaptazatI pr| inake atirikta, "abodhAkara" nAmaka vyarthI zleSakAvya, jisakA pratyeka zloka harizcandra, nala tathA kRSNaparaka hai| "kalidUSaNa" nAmaka kAvya, saMskRta tathA prAkRta donoM meM siddha / Apa "Damaruka" nATya-vidhA ke praNetA haiN| ghanazyAma trivedI- saMskRta evaM samAjazAstra meM upAdhiprApta / ela.ela.bI. hone ke bAda sAhityazAstrI hue| nATyakalA meM vizeSa abhiruci| savA sau se adhika saMskRta-nATakoM meM abhinaya tathA digdarzana kiyaa| ahamadAbAda kI gujarAta saMskRta pariSad ke pramukha kAryakartA ke nAte saMskRta kI sevA meM rata / nUtana nATya prasthAnam nAmaka ApakA laghunATakasaMgraha, jisameM satyavAdI harizcaMdra, rAjayogI bhartRhari, menA gurjarI, mahAsatI tolalam ityAdi ATha subodha nATakoM kA saMgraha hai, bRhad gujarAta saMskRta pariSada, ahamadAbAda dvArA sana 1977 meM prakAzita huA hai| ghule, kRSNazAstrI (ma.ma.)- samaya- 19-20 vIM shtii| vidvAna paNDitoM kA kul| pUrvajoM ne graMtha-nirmiti kara buddhimattA kA paricaya diyaa| dakSiNa meM pezavAoM ke Azrita (anantazAstrI ghule-durbodhpdcndrikaa| raajaaraambhtttt-sptshtii-dNshoddhaar| rAmakRSNabhaTTa-nAmasmaraNa-mImAMsA, malamAsa-TIkA, aSTAvakra-TIkA, bhAgavata-virodha parihAra, isa prakAra ghule vaMza kI graMthasevA hai| I. 1886 ke lagabhaga buMdelakhaNDa meM jaagiir| sadAzivabhaTTa kA kAzI meM vAstavya thaa| taduparAnta nAgapura meM aagmn| isI parivAra meM sItArAma zAstrI (bhAUzAstrI) ko ma.ma.kI upAdhi / dharmazAstra tathA vyAkaraNa meM paarNgt| inhIM ke putra kRssnnshaastrii| janma- 31-5-18731 purAnI tathA naI paddhati se zikSA prApta / saMskRta ke sAtha hindI, aMgrejI, baMgAlI, gujarAtI, phrenca, 316/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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urdU-sAhitya kA bhI gahana jnyaan| chAtrAvasthA meM hI patitoddhAra-mImAMsA nAmaka prabaMdha lekhana (viSaya-patita hinduoM kA uddhaar)| hautradhvAnta-divAkaraH tathA sApiNDayabhAskaraH nAmaka do zAstrIya prbndh| vAcakastavaH nAmaka kAvya vidyArthI dazA meM, tathA "haraharIyam" zleSagarbha kAvya prauDhAvasthA meN| usakI pANDitya tathA pratibhApUrNa TIkA svalikhita / lokamAnya tilakajI se vaidika saMzodhana kI sphuurti| Rgveda ke marAThI anuvAda meM likhita TippaNiyoM se unakA adhikAra jJAta hotA hai| vedaviSayaka marAThI lekha unake ziSya sAhityAcArya bAlazAstrI haradAsa (nAgapura) dvArA I. 1949 meM prkaashit| anapatya mRtyu se ghule vaMza kI vidvat-paraMparA khaNDita / "haraharIyam- "kAvya san 1953 meM nAgapura kI saMskRta-bhavitavyam patrikA meM kramazaH prkaashit| caNDikAprasAda zukla (DaoN.) - I. 20 vIM shtii| ema.e.DI.liT. / prayAga vi. vi. ke pravAcaka "vIravadAnya" tathA "tApasadhanaMjaya" nAmaka nATakoM ke prnnetaa| caNDIdAsa mukhopAdhyAya - I. 13 vIM zatI ke lgbhg| baMgAlI braahmnn| gaMgAtaTavartI ketugrAma (uddhAraNapura ke pAsa) ke nivaasii| kRti-kaavyprkaash-diipikaa| caNDezvara - mithilA-nareza harisiMha deva ke mNtrii| pitA-vIrezvara / pitaamh-devaadity| samaya 14 vIM zatAbdI kA prathama crnn|| caNDezvara ne "nibaMdha-ratnAkara' nAmaka vizAla graMtha kI racanA kI hai| inakI anya kRtiyAM haiM : rAjanIti-ratnAkara, ziva-vAkyAvalI evaM dev-vaakyaavlii| inhoMne rAjanIti-ratnAkara ke viSayoM kA cayana karate samaya dharmazAstroM, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA nItigraMthoM ke vacanoM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| rAjya kA svarUpa, rAjya kI utpatti, rAjA kI AvazyakatA va usakI yogyatA, rAjA ke bheda, uttarAdhikAra-vidhi, amAtya kI AvazyakatA, maMtraNA, purohita, sabhA, durga, koSa, zakti, bala, bala-bheda, senA ke padAdhikArI, mitra, anujIvI, dUta, cara, pratihAra, SADguNya maMtra Adi viSayoM para inhoMne apane vidvattApUrNa vicAra vyakta kiye haiM yathA - "prajArakSako raajetyrthH| rAjazabdo'pi nAtra ksstriy-jaatiprH| amAtyaM vinA rAjyakArya na nirvahati / bahubhiH saha na mNtryet|" / candrakAnta tarkAlaMkAra (ma.ma.) - san 1836-1908 / baMgAlI vidvaan| kRtiyAM-satIpariNaya (kAvya), candravaMza (mahAkAvya), kAtantrachandaHprakriyA (vyAkaraNa), kaumudI-sudhAkara (prakaraNa) aura alaMkAra-sUtra (saahityshaastr)| ___ darzana, dharma va kAvya kI sarvocca zikSA pAkara kalakatte ke rAjakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM adhyaapk| "mahAmahopAdhyAya" tathA "tarkAlaMkAra" kI upAdhiyoM se alNkRt| kaI graMthoM kA mudraNavyaya svayaM vahana kiyaa| phira dhanAbhAva se ciMtita / taba serapura ke haracandra caturdharINa dvArA Apake sabhI graMtha prakAzita hue| caMdrakIrti (bauddhapaMthI) - janma dakSiNa meM sthita samanta nAmaka sthAna meN| bAlyakAla se hI Apa pratibhAsampanna the| bauddha mata svIkAra karane ke bAda, zIghra hI saMpUrNa piTakoM kA adhyayana saMpanna kiyaa| AcArya kamalabuddhi dvArA nAgArjuna kI kRtiyoM kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| AcArya candragomin ke pratidvandI mAne jAte haiN| prAsaMgika mata ke smrthk| I. 7 vIM zatI meM mAdhyamika saMpradAya ke pratinidhi mAne jAte the| dakSiNa bhAratIya buddhipAlita nAmaka vidvAn ke ziSya kamalabuddhi ke ziSya / mahAyAna darzana ke prakAMDa paMDita mAne jAte haiN| inheM nAlaMdA mahAvihAra meM adhyApaka kA pada prApta huA thaa| inake dvArA racita 3 graMtha prasiddha haiM: (1) mAdhyamikAvatAra - isakA mUla rUpa prApta nahIM hotA, kintu tibbatI bhASA meM isakA anuvAda prApta hai| isameM caMdrakIrti ne zUnyavAda kA vizada vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| (2) prasannapadA - yaha maulika graMtha na hokara, nAgArjunaracita "mAdhyamikakArikA" kI TIkA hai| (3) catuHzataka-TIkA- yaha Aryadevaracita catuHzataka nAmaka graMtha kI TIkA hai| candrakIrti (jaina paMthI) - kASThAsaMdha, nandItaragaccha, vidyAgaNa ke bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa ke paTTadhara shissy| matapracArArtha dakSiNa yAtrA kii| "vAdivijetA" isa upAdhi se bhuussit| 17 vIM shtii| racanAeM : pArzvanAthapurANa (15 sarga, 2715 zloka), 2 RSabhadevapurANa (25 sarga), 3 kathAkoza, 4 pANDavapurANa, 5 nandIzvarapUjA Adi candragomin - baMgAlI kSatriya kula meM jnm| guru-sthiramati / candrakIrti ke pratipakSI tathA samakAlIna / bahumukhI pratibhA se sampanna / bauddhasAhitya meM dArzanika, vaiyAkaraNa tathA kavi ke rUpa meM khyaat| stutikAvya tathA naattyrcnaakaar| ItsiMga ne (673 I.) inakA eka pavitra dhArmika vyakti tathA bodhisattvarUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI inheM yuvarAja vizvantara se sambaddha saMgIta nATakakAra batAyA hai| rAjataraMgiNikAra ne inheM mahAbhASya kA punaruddhAraka mAnA hai| inhoMne vyAkaraNa meM naye saMpradAya kI sthApanA kI, jise cAndravyAkaraNa kahate haiN| bauddha yogAcArasaMpradAya ke zreSTha vidvAna, vasubandhu ke praziSya tathA sthiramati ke ziSya mAne jAte haiN| tArAdevI ke ananya bhkt| racanAeM - ziSyalekhadharma kAvya, AryasAdhanazataka, Arya tArAntara-balividhi (tArAsAdhakazataka) lokAnanda (nATaka) aura caandrvyaakrnn| inhoMne dakSiNa bhArata tathA laMkA kI yAtrA kI thii| saMskRta meM bauddha dharmaviSayaka choTe baDe 60 graMthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| ina graMthoM kA tibbatI bhoTa bhASA meM anuvAda huA hai| "ba" tathA "va" kA samAna uccAraNa mAnanA, inake baMgAlI hone kI puSTi karatA hai| candradhara zarmA - janma 11 janavarI, 1920 I. ko| pitA-kRSNadatta saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 317 For Private and Personal Use Only

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shaastrii| inhoMne ema.e.DI.liTa., elaela.bI. kI upAdhiyAM prApta kAraNa ye adhyayanArtha paidala hI kAzI pahuMce aura aneka saMkaToM kii| ye sAhityAcArya va sAhityaratna bhI the| adhyApana ApakA kA sAmanA karate hue sAhityAcArya kI parIkSA uttIrNa hue| pramukha kArya hai| Apa hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke darzana jayapura ke rAjakumAra ke zikSaka banakara jayapura gye| deza ke vibhAga ke adhyakSa rahe haiN| Apake graMtha haiM : 1. zraddhAbharaNam vibhinna bhAgoM kI upadezaka ke rUpa meM yAtrA karane para aneka (khnnddkaavy)| isa para uttarapradeza rAjya dvArA puraskAra pradAna kaTu anubhava aaye| phalasvarUpa AjIvana naukarI yA paravazatA kiyA gayA hai| 2. stotratrayo, 3. 16 vIM zatAbdI ke aprakAzita se dUra rahane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| svataMtra lekhana hI AjIvikA surjanacaritamahAkAvyam kA hindI anuvAda tathA saMskRta TippaNI kA ekamAtra sAdhana rhaa| 1913 meM "zAradA' patrikA ke sahita prathama bAra saMpAdana va prakAzana Apane kraayaa| sampAdana kArya kA prAraMbha kiyaa| "daridrakathA" unakI svAbhAvika candrabhUSaNa zarmA - racanA-jIvitavRttAMta (saMskRta vidyAlaya pravRtti kA dyotaka thii| niHzulka zikSA ke kaTTara samarthaka vArANasI ke vidvAna AcArya paM. becanarAma kA critr)| hone ke kAraNa zikSA se kabhI kamAI nahIM kii| ye dhArmika candramohana ghoSa - I. 20 vIM shtii| kRti-chndHsaarsNgrh| pravRtti ke the, tathA saMskRta bhASA ke pracArArtha satata prayAsa karate rhe| candrazekhara - utkala nivaasii| utkalanareza gaNapati vIrakesarI candrazekhara sarasvatI - 18 vIM shtii| kAMcI-kAmakoTI ke deva (1736-1773 I.) kA samAzraya praapt| pitA-gopInAtha / zAMkarapITha ke 63 veM aacaary| racanA - (1) gItagaMgAdharam pitA tathA putra donoM raajguru| donoM dharmAcArya tathA yajJasampAdana (2) shivgiitmaalikaa| premii| pitA ne saptasoma tathA vAjapeya yajJa kiye| putra ne caMdrasena - jyotiSazAstra ke eka aacaary| samaya I. 7 vIM cayanayajJa kiyaa| isI kAraNa "cayanIcandrazekhara" kI upAdhi shtaabdii| karnATaka prAnta ke nivaasii| "kevalajJAnahorA' nAmaka se smlNkRt| nyAyazAstra ke pnnddit| "madhurAniruddha" nAmaka graMtha ke prnnetaa| inhoMne apane isa graMtha meM bIca-bIca meM kannaDa ATha aMkoM ke nATaka ke rcyitaa| bhASA kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| yaha apane viSaya kA vizAlakAya candrarSimahattara - vidvAnoM ne RSi zabdAnta nAma ke kAraNa, graMtha hai| isameM 4 hajAra ke lagabhaga zloka haiN| viSaya sUci samaya vikrama kI navIM dasavIM zatAbdI mAnA hai| graMtha- paMcasaMgraha ke anusAra yaha racanA horA viSayaka na hokara saMhitA viSayaka (mUla graMtha prAkRta meM) / lagabhaga 1000 gaathaaeN| yoga, upayoga, racanA siddha hotI hai| graMtha ke prAraMbha meM caMdrasena ne svayaM apanI guNasthAna, karmabandha, bandhahetu, udaya, sattA, baMdhanAdi ATha karaNa prazaMsA kI hai| Adi viSayoM kA vivecn| graMthakAra kI vopajJavRtti saMskRta meN| cakra kavi - samaya I. 17 vIM sadI kA aMtima caraNa / 9000 zloka prmaann| svopajJavRtti ke anta meM AcArya ne _ "draupadIpariNaya-campU", "rukmiNIpariNaya", "jAnakIpariNaya", apane ko pArzvarSi kA pAdasevaka arthAt ziSya batAyA hai| "pArvatIpariNaya" va "citraratnAkara" nAmaka graMthoM ke prnnetaa| "pArzvarSaH pAdasevAtaH kRtaM zAstramidaM myaa"| pitA aMbA lokanAtha / mAtA- aNbaa| pAMDya va cera nareza ke caMdrazekhara - rasavAdI AcArya (mahApAtra) kavirAja vizvanAtha sbhaakvi| "draupadIpariNaya-caMpU" ke pratyeka adhyAya meM inhoMne ke pitaa| utkala ke pratiSThita paMDitakula meM jnm| Apa apanA paricaya diyA hai| "draupadIpariNaya-campU", "jAnakIpariNaya" vidvAn, kavi va saMdhivigrahika the| inhoMne "puSpamAlA" va aura "citraratnAkara' prakAzita ho cuke haiN| "bhASArNava" nAmaka graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA thaa| ina graMthoM kA cakrapANi datta : 1- cakrapANi kA samaya 11 vIM zatAbdI ullekha, inake putra vizvanAtha dvArA praNIta "sAhityadarpaNa' nAmaka hai| pitA kA nAma nArAyaNa jo gauDAdhipati nayapAla (1038-1055 suprasiddha graMtha meM hai| I.) kI pAkazAlA ke adhikArI the| AyurvedazAstra ke prasiddha candrazekhara (paM) (gauDamitra) - I. 17 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| graMtha "cakradatta" ke prnnetaa| vIrabhUma (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| vaidy| pitA- janamitra / "surjanacarita' nAmaka ekamAtra prasiddha inhoMne vaidyaka graMthoM ke atirikta zizupAla vadha, kAdaMbarI, mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| kavi ne isa kAvya kI racanA apane dazakumAracarita va nyAyasUtra kI TIkAeM likhI haiN| inake AzrayadAtA bUMdI ke rAjA rAva surjana ke Adeza para kI thii| cikitsAzAstra viSayaka graMthoM ke nAma haiM : vaidyakakoSa, Ayurvedaisa kAvya ke 20 sarga haiM jinameM kavi ke AzrayadAtA rAva diipikaa| (carakasaMhitA kI TIkA), bhAnumatI (suzruta kI TIkA) surjana kA caritra grathita hai| dravya-guNa-saMgraha, cikitsAsAra-saMgraha / vyaMgya-daridrazubhaMkaraNam evaM caMdrazekhara bhaTTa - I. 16 vIM shtii| kRti-vRttamauktikam cakradatta (cikitsaasNgrh)| (chandazAstra vissyk)| baMgAla ke nivaasii| 2- racanA - prakriyApradIpaH (prakriyAkaumudI kI vyaakhyaa)| candrazekhara zAstrI - sa. 1884-1934 ii.| inakA janma bihAra isa lekhaka ne prauDhamanoramA kA khaNDana bhI eka graMthadvArA kiyA ke ArA jile meM nimeja gAMva meM huaa| pitA zaMkaradayAla hai| vaha graMtha anupalabdha hai| ojhaa| parivAra ke sadasyoM kI zikSA ke prati udAsInatA ke cakravartI rAjagopAla - samaya 1882-1934 ii.| 318/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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maisUra vizvavidyAya meM saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa / racanAeM :- kAvyaH madhukara dUta, viyogivilApa tathA gaMgAtaraMga Adhunika zailI ke upanyAsa :- zaivAlinI va kumudinI / dIrgha kathAe~ vilAsakumArI va saGgaram / pravAsavarNana tIrthATanam / sAhityazAstrIya prbNdh"kvikaavyvicaarH"| "tIrthATanam" ke 4 adhyAya haiM, jinameM bhArata pravAsa meM prApta vividha anubhavoM kA varNana hai| sabhI kRtiyAM prakAzita ho cukI hai| catura kallInAtha pitA-lakSmIdhara vijayanagara ke immAdi devarAva (mallikArjuna) ke Azrita I. 15 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / racanA - zAGgadeva ke saMgItaratnAkara nAmaka prasiddha graMtha kI vidvamAnya ttiikaa| - catura dAmodara catura kallInAtha ke vaMzaja / pitA- lakSmIdhara / samrAT jahAMgIra kI sabhA ke sdsy| I.sa. 1605 se 1627 / rcnaa-sNgiitdrpnn| caturbhuja I. 15 vIM zatI / rAmakeli grAma (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| paitRka grAma- karaMja / kavi nityAnaMda ke pautra / "haricarita" (kAvya) ke praNetA / caturbhuja racanA :- sAhityazAstrIyaH- prabandharasakalpadrumaH / isameM 65 prastAva tathA eka sahasra zloka haiN| kavi ne apane parama mitra AzakakhAna ke putra zAhastekhAna kI kRpA prApta karane isakI racanA kii| zAIstekhAna, zreSTha darje ke saMskRta kavi the| unake 6 zloka isa prabandha ra - rasakalpadruma meM haiM uddhRta 1 caturvedasvAmI I. 16 vIM zatI / Rgveda bhASya ke praNetA / bhagavadgItA para paramArtha nAmaka TIkA sAmabhASya ke lekhaka devajJa sUryapaNDita ina caturvedAcArya athavA caturvedasvAmI ke ziSya the| sUryapaNDita kA samaya I. 16 vIM zatI nizcita hai, arthAt caturvedasvAmI kA bhI vahI samaya samajhanA cAhiye / caturvedAcArya kA RgvedabhASya upalabdha nahIM hai| catravIra I. 16 vIM zatI / kAzakRtsra ke dhAtupATha para inakI TIkA kannaDa bhASA meM hai| lekhaka kA pUrA nAma kAzIkANDa cannavIra kavi thA / gotra- atri / zAkhA - taittirIya / nivAsa- sahyAdri maNDalavartI kunnttikaapur| sArasvata vyAkaraNa, puruSasUkta aura namaka- camaka kI kannaDa TIkAeM inakI anya racanAeM haiN| cannavIra kI kannar3a TIkA meM kAzakRtsra vyAkaraNa ke 137 sUtra upalabdha hote haiN| isalie saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke itihAsa meM inakA mahattva mAnA gayA hai| caraka Ayurveda zAstra ke vidvAna / inhoMne Ayurveda para graMtha likhA jo "carakasaMhitA" nAma se vikhyAta hai| caraka ke janma ke sambandha meM bhAvaprakAza meM kathA isa prakAra hai| jaba bhagavAn viSNu ne matsyAvatAra grahaNa kara vedoM kA uddhAra kiyA, taba zeSa bhagavAn ko sAmaveda ke sAtha atharvavedAntargata Ayurveda kI prApti huii| eka bAra zeSa bhagavAn pRthvI para guptacara banakara bhramaNa kara rahe the, taba unhoMne asaMkhya vyAdhigrasta logoM ko dekhaa| unheM atyaMta pIr3A huI / logoM ke rogopazama ke liye kyA upAya kiye jAyeM, isa vicAra se ve atyaMta asvastha hue| Age unhoMne isa kArya ke liye pRthvI para eka muni ke yahA~ janma grahaNa kiyaa| cara ke rUpa meM ve bhUtala para Aye the, isaliye ve "caraka" nAma se vikhyAta hue / agniveza caraka ke guru the| caraNa vaidya (athavaMzAkhA) kauzikasUtra (6-37) kI kezava kRta vyAkhyA ke atharva pariziSTa meM (22-2), vAyupurANa meM ( 61-69 ) tathA brahmANDapurANa meM caraNa vaidya kA nirdeza milatA hai| - caritra sundaragaNI I. 15 vIM zatI / racanA - "zIladUtam" / meghadUtapaMktiyoM kA samasyApUrtirUpa tattvopadeza isa khaMDa kAvya kA viSaya hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - cANakya I. 4 thIM zatI / inakA janmanAma viSNugupta thA / zAyada caNaka ke putra hone ke kAraNa inheM cANakya nAma prApta huA aura kuTila rAjanItijJa hone ke kAraNa ye kauTilya khlaae| bundelakhaNDa ke nAgoda ke samIpa nAcanA nAmaka grAma hai jise DA. harihara dvivedI cANakya kA mUla sthAna batalAte haiN| Arya cANakya nAma hI sarvAdhika pracalita hai| ye brAhmaNa the| takSazilA meM inakA vidyAdhyayana huaa| bAda meM isI vidyApITha meM inakI AcAryapada para niyukti huii| yahIM se unakI vidvatA kI kIrti saMpUrNa bhAratavarSa meM phailii| cANakya ke samaya bhAratavarSa gaNarAjyoM meM vighaTita thaa| koI bhI kendrIya sattA nahIM thii| isa prakAra kI paristhiti meM bhArata kI akhaNDatA kI surakSA ke liye cANakya ne deza meM sabala tathA sakSama kendrIya sattA kI AvazyakatA anubhava kii| isake liye unhoMne magadha ke tejasvI yuvaka caMdragupta ke netRtva meM krAnti kI yojanA bnaayii| For Private and Personal Use Only vizAkhadatta ne apane mudrArAkSasa nAmaka prasiddha nATaka meM cANakya kA caritra citraNa karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| vahI unakA prasiddha caritra mAnA jAtA hai| itihAsa tajJoM ke matAnusAra cANakya ne candragupta ke netRtva meM magadha meM zaktizAlI kendrIya sattA sthApita kara bhArata kI akhaNDatA kI rakSA kii| cANakya kA yaha mahAn kArya bhAratIya itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM se likhA gyaa| cANakya kA dUsarA mahAn kArya rAjanItiviSayaka eka atulanIya graMtha "arthazAstra" kI racanA yaha grantha bhAratIya rAjanIti kA Adarza hai| saMskRta ke zAstrIya vAGmaya meM yaha atulanIya hai| isa graMtha ke pandraha prakaraNoM meM rAjyavyavahAra saMbaMdhI 180 viSayoM kI carcA kI gayI hai 1 magadha sAmrAjya ke mahAmantrI banane ke pazcAt bhI cANakya saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 319 -

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra eka sAdhAraNasI parNakuTI meM hI RSi ke samAna nivAsa kiyA karate the, rAjaprAsAda meM nhiiN| I avaMtI kSetra meM kSiprA tathA cAmalA nadiyoM ke saMgama para sthita zaMkhoddhAra sthAna para 82 varSa kI Ayu meM unakI mRtyu huii| cAmuNDarAva mUla nAma gommaTa athavA gommttraay| I. 10 vIM zatI / mAtA- kAlikAdevI / pitA gaMgavaMza ke rAjyAdhikArI / mahArAja mAnasiMha tathA rAjamalla dvitIya ke pradhAnamaMtrI / brahmakSatriya vaMza / guru- ajitasena tathA nemicandra siddhaantckrvrtii| kannaDa aura saMskRta ke vidvAna prasiddha yoddhA aura senApati karnATaka meM zravaNa belagola ke vindhyagiri parvata para bhagavAn bAhubali kI 57 phITa UMcI vizAla kAya mUrti kA nirmANa (I. 981 meM) evaM candragiri para eka jaina maMdira kA bhI nirmANa kraayaa| putra - jinadeva | graMtha - caritrasAra (cAra prakaraNa) cAralu bhASyakAra zAstrI samaya 20 zartoM kA pUrvArdha / racanA kaMkaNabandha rAmAyaNa / yaha rAmAyaNa eka hI zloka kA hai, aura usa zloka ke 128 artha nikalate haiN| AcaryakAraka tathA kliSTa racanA kA yaha namUnA hai| kavi AMdhra meM kRSNA jile ke kAkarapAratI grAma nivAsI the| - - www.kobatirth.org * 1 cArAyaNa pANini pUrvakAlIna eka vaiyAkaraNa paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra, inakA samaya I. pU. 4 thI zatI / ye veda vyAkhyAtA, vaiyAkaraNa va sAhitya zAstrI the| "logAkSigRhyasUtra" ke vyAkhyAtA devapAla (5-1) kI TIkA meM cArAyaNa ( aparanAma cArAyaNi) kA eka sUtra vyAkhyAsahita uddhRta hai / inakA ullekha "mahAbhASya" (1-1-73) meM pANini va roDhi ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / vAtsyAyana - kAmasUtra va kauTilya kRta arthazAstra (5-5) meM bhI kisI cArAyaNa AcArya ke mata kA ullekha hai| cArAyaNa ko "kRSNa yajurveda" kI "cArAyaNIya zAkhA" kA racayitA bhI mAnA jAtA hai, jisakA "cArANIya maMtrArSAdhyAya" nAmaka aMza upalabdha hai| inake anya graMtha haiM- cArAyaNIyazikSA va cArAyaNIya saMhitA inhoMne sAhitya - zAstra saMbaMdhI kisI graMtha kI bhI racanA kI thI, jisakA ullekha sAgaranaMdI kRta "nATaka- lakSaNa - ratnakoza" meM hai| cArucandra rAyacaudhurI I. 19-20 shtii| bNgaalii| ekavIropAkhyAna (gadya) ke lekhaka / cArvAka I. pUrva 23 vIM zatAbdI yudhiSThira zaka 661 prabhavanAma saMvatsara meM vaizAkha paurNimA ko dopahara meM janma tathA yudhiSThira zaka 727 meM puSkaratIrtha ke samIpa yajJagiri nAmaka parvata para inakI mRtyu mAnI jAtI hai| pitA iMdukAMta mAtA svagviNI / I. 8 vIM zatAbdI se sAhitya meM cArvAka kA nAma aneka bAra AyA hai| prabodhacaMdrodaya nATaka meM ullekha hai ki lokAyata darzana ke saMsthApaka bRhaspati ke cArvAka ziSya the| mAdhavAcArya apane sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM cArvAka kA ullekha, "nAstikaziromaNi" vizeSaNa se karate haiN| usI graMtha meM cArvAka 320 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa darzana kA paricaya milatA hai| mahAbhArata meM eka saMnyAsI cArvAka kA ullekha AtA hai| (zAMti 37, 38, zalya 65 ) / bhAratIya yuddha kI samApti para jaba yudhiSThira azvamedha yajJa kI taiyArI kara rahe the, taba cArvAka ne vahAM upasthita hokara unase pUchA "raktapAta kara aura bAMdhavoM kI hatyA kara tumane yaha jo vijaya pAyI hai, use saccI vijaya kahA jAyegA kyA?" isa prazna se vahAM ekatrita brahmavRMda kahane lagA "yaha duryodhana kA mitra cArvAka, manuSya na hokara yativeSadhArI rAkSasa hai"| usa para kRSNa ne kahA "yaha zreSTha tapasvI hai, paraMtu brAhmaNoM kA apamAna karane ke kAraNa ise zApa milA hai ki isakI mRtyu brAhmaNoM dvArA hI hogii|" tadanusAra Age calakara, cArvAka kI mRtyu brahmateja se dagdha hokara hI huI / mahAbhArata ke zalya parva meM cArvAka kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : jaba duryodhana ne dekhA ki usakA vinAzakAla sannikaTa hai, taba use apane parivrAjaka mitra cArvAka kA smaraNa hotA hai / usake mana meM vizvAsa hotA hai ki usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt cArvAka hI usakA vIrocita aMtyasaMskAra kregaa| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prA. AThavale inakA AvirbhAvakAla, I. 2 rI zatI se 7 vIM zatI ke bIca mAnate haiM / cintAnarasiMha- godAvarI (Ava) jile ke yenugumahala ke (Andhra) nivAsI / gaNita, jyotiSa Adi ke jAnakAra paNDita / bahuta kAla taka vijayanagara ke rAjA ke Azrita jIvana ke uttarArdha meM saMnyAsa liyA / racanA citsUryodaya nATaka / cintAmaNi - I. 16 vIM zatI (uttarArdha) / saMbhavataH zeSavaMzIya tathA nRsiMha ke putra / pitA- godAvarI parisara chor3a kAzI meM jA base the| ciMtAmaNi ne vahAM taNDanavaMzIya rAjA govindacandra ke Azraya meM "govindArNava' nAmaka dharmazAstrIya graMtha kI racanA kii| mahAbhASya kaiyaTaprakAza ke praNayana dvArA inhoMne kAzI meM vaiyAkaraNa paramparA kI sthApanA kI, jisameM Age calakara bhaTTojI tathA nAgojI Adi vidvAn hue| bhAI zeSakRSNa ko kAzirAja govardhanadhArI kA AzrayaprApta thaa| = - anya kRtiyAM- 1) rasamaMjarIparimala, 2) rukmiNIharaNa (nATaka), jisakA gujarAtI anuvAda muMbaI se 1873 I. meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| ciMtAmaNikRta "mahAbhASya-kaipaTaprakAza", bIkAnera ke anUpa saM. pustakAlaya meM vidyamAna hai| cintAmaNi jyotirvid govindaputra zivapura nivAsI racanA 1630 ) / prastAra - cintAmaNi (I. cintAmaNi dIkSita sAtArA (mahArASTra) ke nivaasii| racanAeM - sUryasiddhAntasAriNI aura golAnandaH / ciTTiguDura varadAcAriyara- ciTTiguDara (Andhra) narasiMha saMskRta kalAzAlA ke saMsthApaka racanAeM- vAmanazatakam, kI For Private and Personal Use Only

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dAzarathizatakam, kRSNazatakam bhAskarazatakam, subhASitazatakam, (teluguzatakakAvyoM ke anuvAda) aura suSuptivRttam / citsukhAcArya samaya 1220-1284 I. advaita vedAnta ke mahanIya AcArya guru jJAnottama tatsaMbaMdhI aneka graMthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| Apa apanI maulika prameya bahulA kRti "tattvadIpikA" (prakhyAta nAma citsukhI) se vikhyAta haiM jo advaita vedAMta kA pramANa-graMtha hai, parantu inakI vyAkhyAyeM bhI kama mahattva kI nhiiN| inameM zArIraka bhASya kI bhAvaprakAzikA, brahmasiddhi para abhiprAyaprakAzikA tathA naiSkarmyasiddhi para bhAvatattvaprakAzikA paryApta rUpa se vikhyAta haiM / inhoMne viSNupurANa tathA bhAgavata para bhI vyAkhyAyeM likhI thiiN| jIva gosvAmI dvArA nirdiSTa bhAgavata ke vyAkhyAkAroM kA kAlakrama ajJAta hai phira bhI citsukhAcArya hI bhAgavata ke sarvAdhika prAcIna vyAkhyAnusAra pratIta hote haiN| zrIdhara svAmI ne viSNu purANa ke apane vyAkhyA "AtmaprakAza" ke AraMbha meM citsukha-racita vyAkhyA kA kiyA hai kintu yaha TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai| isI prakAra bhAgavata ke vyAkhyA graMtha kA nirdeza hI itara TIkAgraMthoM meM milatA hai| samagra graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| jIva gosvAmI ne apanI bhAgavata - vyAkhyAoM meM citsukha dvArA nirdiSTa pATha kA sammAna ke sAtha saMketa kiyA hai| yadi yaha TIkA upalabdha ho to bhAgavata ke artha - paramArtha jAnane ke atirikta usake mUla pATha kI bhI samasyA kA vizeSa samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| citsukha kA samaya nirdhAraNa, zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| dakSiNa ke do zilAlekhoM meM citsukha kA nAma milatA hai| 1220 I. ke zilAlekha meM citsukha somayAjI kA tathA 1284 I. ke zilAlekha meM citsukha bhaTTAraka upanAma narasiMha muni kA ullekha hai| ye donoM graMthakAra, prasiddha advaita vedAMta citsukha se abhinna mAne jAte haiM ataH unakA samaya, ina zilAlekhoM ke samakAlIna (1220 I. 1284 I.) mAnA jAtA hai| citsukha ke kucha anya choTe-baDe graMtha haiM paMcapAdikA vivaraNa kI vyAkhyA "bhAvadyotinI" "nyAyamakaraMdaTIkA", "pramANaratnamAlA vyAkhyA", "khaMDanakhaMDadya - vyAkhyAna", "adhikaraNasaMgati", "adhikaraNamaMjarI" aura vRhatzaMkaravijayaH / citrasena- I. 17 vIM zatI / baradvAna nivaasii| jaina dharmaguru / racanA - citracampU / citrabhAnu isa kavi ke tIna kAvya vizeSa ullekhanIya hai(1) pANDavAbhyudayam (2) bhAratodyotaH tathA (3) taruNabhAratam / cidambara- pitA- ananta nArAyaNa / cidambara kA vilakSaNa bhASA - prabhutva lakSaNIya hai| racanA- rAghava yAdava- pANDavIyam (sandhAnakAvya ) / isa para pitA kI TIkA anya racanAeM (1) paMcakalyANacampU / isa paMcArthazliSTa kAvya meM pAMca devatAoM ke 21 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vivAha kA varNana zleSAlaMkAra se varNita hai| isa para svayaM kavi kI TIkA hai aura (2) bhAgavata - campU / cidvilAsayati racanA - zaMkaravijayavilAsaH / yaha saMvAdAtmaka kAvya hai| saMvAdaka haiM- vijJAnakAMDa aura tapodhana / ciraMjIva bhaTTAcArya- samaya- 15 vIM zatI / vAstavanAma - rAmadeva athavA vAmadeva kintu ciraMjIva nAma se vikhyAta / zatAvadhAnI rAghavendra bhaTTAcArya ke putra / DhAkA ke nAyaba dIvAna yazavantasiMha kA samAzraya prApta thaa| mUlataH rAdhApura (baMgAla) ke nivAsI / gotra - kAzyapa / kRtiyAM kalpalatA, zivastotra, zRMgAra taTinI, mAdhavacampU aura vidvanmodataraMgiNI ( isameM inhoMne apane vaMza kA varNana kiyA hai| do graMtha, kramazaH kalakattA tathA muMbaI se prakAzita) / ciraMjIva zarmA - samaya I. 18 vIM zatI / baMgAla ke nivAsI / kRtiyAM kAvyavilAsa aura vRttrtnaavlii| cUDAnAtha bhaTTAcArya - I. 20 vIM shtii| zAsakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, kAThamANDU (nepAla) ke prAcArya "pariNAma" nAmaka sAta aMkI nATaka ke prnnetaa| caitanya (gaurAMga mahAprabhu) kRSNacaitanya- samaya-1485-1536 I. / gauDIya vaiSNava mata athavA caitanya-mata ke pravartaka / vaMzadezIya nadiyA (navadvIpa) ke eka pavitra brAhmaNa kula meM janma (1485 I.) / bAlyakAla kA nAma vizvaMbhara mizra / navadvIpa ke prakhyAta paMDita gaMgAdAsa se vidyaadhyyn| samasta zAstroM meM, vizeSataH tarkazAstra meM, atyadhika vicakSaNatA prApta / aneka paMDitoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyaa| apanI pAThazAlA kholakara chAtroM ko jJAnadAna kA kArya kiyA / pitA jagannAtha ne unakA nAma vizvaMbhara rakhA thaa| mAtA zacidevI unheM nimAI ke nAma se pukAratI thIM kyoM ki unakA janma nIma-vRkSa ke tale huA thA / pAsa-paDosa ke loga unakA gauravarNa dekhakara unheM gaurahari kahate the / gaurAMga prabhu ke nAnA mahAn jyotiSI the| gaurAMga ke janma ke pazcAt usake zarIra ke zubhacinha dekhakara unhoMne bhaviSyavANI kI thI ki eka mahApuruSa avatarita huA hai / apane pitA ke zrAddha hetu 1507 I. meM gayA dhAma gye| vahAM IzvarapurI se vaiSNava- dIkSA lii| phira purIjI ke gurubhAI kezaba bhAratI se 1508 I. meM saMnyAsadIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa tabhI se kRSNacaitanya ke nAma se vikhyAta hue aura vRddhA mAtA tathA taruNa patnI ke sneha - mamatva ko bhulAkara, rAdhAkRSNa kI bhakti ke pracAra meM juTa ge| caitanya mahAprabhu ne akhila bhArata ke vikhyAta tIrtho kI yAtrA karate hue bhakti kA pracAra kiyaa| san 1510-11 I. meM uttara bhArata kI yAtrA karate samaya inakA dhyAna vRMdAvana ke uddhAra kI ora gyaa| ataH inhoMne apane sahapAThI lokanAtha For Private and Personal Use Only bADmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 321 -

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gosvAmI ko isa kArya hetu vRMdAvana bhejaa| ye svayaM bhI kAzI, prayAga hote hue vRMdAvana pahuMce aura kucha mahInoM taka vahAM nivAsa kiyaa| kintu inakI lIlA-sthalI banI jagannAthapurI, jahAM ratha-yAtrA ke avasara para baMgAla ke bhaktoM kI apAra bhIr3a juTatI thii| inase saMbaMdhita kAzI kI do ghaTanAeM caitanya caritAmRta meM ullikhita haiM- (1) baMgAla ke navAba husenazAha ke pradhAna amAtya sanAtana ko bhakti kA upadeza aura (2) svAmI prakAzAnaMda sarasvatI kI zAstrArtha meM praajy| prakAzAnaMda mahAn advaita vedAMtI the, kintu mahAprabhu ke upadeza se kRSNabhakta bane aura prabodhAnaMda ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| ___ mahAprabhu caitanya, zrIkRSNa ke avatAra mAne jAte haiN| bhaktamAla kI TIkA meM priyAdAsa ne likhA hai- "jasumatisuta soI sacIsuta gaura bhye"| saMpradAya meM bhI anaMtasaMhitA, zivapurANa, vizvasArataMtra, nRsiMhapurANa tathA mArkaMDeyapurANa ke tattat vacanoM ke anusAra inheM avatAra mAnA jAtA hai| jIva gosvAmI ne bhI bhAgavata kI TIkA "kramasaMdarbha" ke AraMbha meM hI inake avatAra kI sUcanA, bhAgavata ke prakhyAta zloka (12-32) ke dvArA diye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI agale padyoM meM isa zloka kA artha vizeSa dete hue unhoMne unakA nirgalitArtha nimna prakAra diyA hai antaH kRSNaM bahigaura drshitaanggaadivaibhvm| kalau saMkIrtanAdyaiH sma kRSNacaitanyamAzritAH / / caitanya ke jIvana-kAla meM hI bahuta se logoM ko unake avatAra hone meM vizvAsa ho gayA thA parantu unakI mUrti kI pUjA saMpradAya meM kaba AraMbha huI isakA nirNaya kaThina hai| isa bAre meM vaMzIdAsa aura narahari sarakAra kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya mAnA jAtA hai| "vaMzI-zikSA' ke anusAra vaMzIdAsa ne caitanya kI mUrti-pUjA kA pracAra kiyaa| inhoMne caitanya kI dharmapatnI zrIviSNupriyA devI ke liye caitanya kI kASTha-mUrti banAI aura narahari sarakAra ne caitanya ke viSaya meM bahuta se padoM kI racanA kI tathA caitanya-pUjA ke vidhividhAnoM ko vyavasthita kiyaa| parantu caitanyamata kA zAstrIya rUpa, vidhi-vidhAnoM kI vyavasthA, bhaktizAstra ke siddhAntoM kA nirNaya baMgAla meM na hokara, sudUra vRMdAvana meM jina vidvAna gosvAmiyoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA, ve chaha gosvAmI (SaT gosvAmI ke nAma se) prasiddha haiN| __ caitanya mahAprabhu kA koI bhI graMtha prApta nahIM hotaa| kevala 8 padyoM kA eka lalita saMgraha hI upalabdha hai| ye 8 padya, caitanya dvArA samaya-samaya para bhaktoM se kahe gaye the| nimna pada / meM caitanya ke upadeza kA sAra hai jIve dayA, nAme ruci, vaiSNava sevana, ihA ite dharma nAI suno sanAtana / sanAtana gosvAmI ko kAzI meM do mAsa taka upadeza dene ke pazcAt caitanya ne ukta pada ko hI saba kA sAra batalAyA thaa| DaoN. rAjavaMza sahAya "hIrA" ke saMskRta sAhitya koza ke anusAra caitanya ke ziSyoM ne "dazamUlazloka" ko inakI racanA mAnA hai| cokanAtha- I. 17 vIM shtii| gadAcArya tippAdhvarIndra ke paMcama putra / guru-svAmI zAstrI va sItArAma shaastrii| baMdhudvaya-kuppAdhvarI aura tirumala shaastrii| pitA ke agrahAra zAhajIpuram ke nivaasii| taMjaura ke rAjA zAhajI bhosale se samAzraya praapt| dakSiNa karnATaka ke basava-bhUpAla kI rAjasabhA meM bhI kucha samaya taka aashry| kRtiyAM- (do nATaka) sevAntikA-pariNaya tathA kAntimatI-zAharAjIya, aura rasavilAsa (bhANa) / chajjUrAma zAstrI- janma-zekhapura lAvalA (karnAla janapada, kurukSetra), meM, san 1895 meN| pitaa-mokssraam| Azukavi / "kaviratna" kI upAdhi se alNkRt| SaDdarzana-viSayaka pAMDitya ke kAraNa, 25 varSa kI avasthA meM zaMkarAcArya dvArA "vidyAsAgara" kI upAdhi praapt| yamunAtaTavartI gaurizaMkara mandira vidyAlaya meM adhyaapk| racanA- "sulatAnacaritam" (mhaakaavy)| anuprAsayukta / kalpanA naiSadha ke smaan| paM. mahAvIra prasAda dvivedI ne kavi kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| anya racanAeM- (1) durgAbhyudaya (nATaka), (2) chajjurAma-zatakatrayam, (3) sAhityabindu, (4) mUlacandrikA, (nyAyamuktAvalI kI TIkA), (5) saralA nAmaka nyAyadarzana kI vRtti, (6) sArabodhinI (sadAnanda kRta vedAntasAra kI ttiikaa)| sabhI prakAzita / aprakAzita racanAeM- (1) nirukta-paMcAdhyAya kI parIkSA-TIkA, (2) vyAkaraNa mahAbhAkya ke do AhnikoM kI parIkSA-TIkA, (3) kurUkSetra-mAhAtmya TIkA aura, (4) prtykssjyotissm| "sAhityabindu" ke sambandha meM kisI TIkAkAra ne kahA hai ki sAhitya-sarvajJa paM. chajjUrAmajI ke Ane se paMDitarAja jagannAtha aura vizvanAtha nirarthaka hue| chatrasena- guru- smntbhdr| racanAeM- merupUjA, pArzvanAthapUjA, anantanAtha-stotra aadi| samaya-I. 18 vIM shtii| chatre, vizvanAtha- pitaa-keshv| janma-nAsika (paMcavaTI) meM di. 27 aktUbara 1906 | mAdhyamika zikSA ke bAda rela-vibhAga meM krmcaarii| saMgIta-kalA meM kucha naipuNya prApta kiyaa| harikIrtana aura pravacana ke kAryakrama sevAkAla meM karate the| 36 varSoM kI sevA ke bAda avakAza prApta hone para saMskRta sAhitya racanA meM uttarAyuSya saphala kiyaa| nivAsa sthAna- kalyANa (jilA-ThANe mahArASTra) / graMtha- zrIsubhASacaritam, kAvyatriveNI (isameM Rtucakram, gaMgAtaraMgam aura godAgauravam ina tIna khaNDa kAvyoM kA antarbhAva hai)| siddhArthapravrajanaM (nATaka), apUrvaH zAMtisaMgrAmaH (gAMdhIjI kI dANDIyAtrA para 322 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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racita ekAMkikA), saMgIta-zikSaNam (tIna aMkI nATaka), suputra / racanA- "saMgItacUDAmaNi" / raNarAgiNI lakSmIH (jhAMsI kI rAnI lakSmIbAI ke saMbaMdha meM jagaddhara - bhavabhUtikRta "mAlatI-mAdhava" prakaraNa ke TIkAkAra / ekAMkikA), vadhUparIkSaNam (ekAMkikA) pitA-mahAmahopAdhyAya paNDitarAja mahAkavirAja dharmAdhikArI zrI. zrI chatre kA bahuta-sA sAhitya amRtalatA, vizvasaMskRtam ___ ratnadhara pnnddit| mAtA- dmyntii| ratnadhara ke pUrvaja the vidyAdhara, gurukulapatrikA, puruSArtha, ekatA ityAdi prasiddha mAsika patrikAoM rAmezvara / ye sabhI mImAMsaka vidvAna the| meM satata prakAzita hotA rhaa| zrI. chatre ne marAThI meM saMskRta samaya 15 vIM shtii| anya kRtiyAM- sarasvatI-kaMThAbharaNa kI sAhitya se saMbaMdhita kucha chAtropayogI pustakeM bhI likhI haiN| TIkA, saMgIta-sarvasva tathA shiv-stotr| muMbaI-AkAzavANI se Apake javAharasvargArohaNam, jagannAtha - isa maithila kavi ne apane 20 sargayukta mahAkAvya nATyarUpa-meghadUtama, kIcakahananam, nandinIvarapradAnam, "tArAcandrodayam" meM tArAcandra nAmaka eka sAdhAraNa rAjA kA siddhArtha-pravajanam, zrIkRSNadAnam, saMnyAsi-saMtAnam, luNTAko caritra likhA hai| maharSiH parivartitaH, yezujanma ityAdi nabhonATaka yathAvasara jagannAtha - bhaTTAraka narendra-kIrti ke shissy| khnnddelvaal-vNsh| dhvanikSepita hue the| samartha rAmadAsa kA manobodha, moropaMta kI gotr-logaannii| pitA-somarAja shresstthii| bhAI- vaadiraaj| takSaka kekAvalI aura gre kavi kI elijI jaise prasiddha kAvyoM ke (vartamAna nAma ToDA) ngr-nivaasii| rAjA jayasiMha dvArA saMskRta anuvAda zrI. chatre ne kie haiN| isake atirikta marAThI smmaanit| samaya 17 vIM zatI kA anta aura 18 vIM zatI meM ApakI 25 pustakeM prakAzita huiiN| aneka saMsthAoM dvArA kA praarmbh| racanAeM- (1) caturviMzati sandhAna (svopajJa TIkA ApakA sammAna huaa| rela-vibhAga ke karmacArI-varga meM zrI. sahita), (2) sukhanidhAna, (3) jJAnalocanastotra, (4) chatre saMskRta sAhitya ke ekamAtra upAsaka rhe| zrRMgArasamudrakAvya, (5) zvetAmbaraparAjaya, (6) neminarendra stotra, jagajIvana (paM.)- janma 1704 I. / mAravADa-zAsaka ajitasiMha (7) supeSTa-caritra aura (8) krmsvruupvrnnn| ye prAkRta va ke smkaaliin| ajitasiMha hI inakI racanA ke pratipAdya viSaya saMskRta donoM ke vidvAna the| haiN| Apake dvArA racita "ajitodaya-kAvyam", 23 soM kA jagannAtha- phatehazAha (1684-1716 I.) ke smaashrit| baMgAla mahAkAvya hai| ke nivaasii| vNsh-tiirbhkti| pitaa-piitaambr| aneka racanAoM jagajjyotirmalla- nepAla nresh| pitA-tribhuvanamalla / kAryakAla meM se kevala "atandra-candra prakaraNa" upalabdha hai| I. 1617-1633 / sNgiitjny| kRtiyAM- padmazrIjJAna likhita jagannAtha - [1] taMjaura ke mahArAja saraphojI "nAgara-sarvasva" para TIkA, saMgIta-sArasaMgraha, svarodaya-dIpikA, bhosale (1711-1728 I.) ke maMtrI zrInivAsa ke putra / gIta-paMcAzikA, saMgIta-bhAskara aura shlok-sNgrh| kaaklvNshiiy| cAcA-raghunAtha, nyAyazAstra ke paNDita / svayaM jagadIza tarkapaMcAnana - samaya I. 16 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / rAjatantra meM niyukt| sambhavataH pitA ke pazcAt rAjamaMtrI pada kAvyaprakAza kI "rahasya-prakAza" nAmaka TIkA ke krtaa| para viraajmaan| jagadIza bhaTTAcArya (tarkAlaMkAra) - I. 17 vIM shtii| kRtiyAM- anaMgavijaya (bhANa), zRMgArataraMgiNI (bhANa) tathA mathurAnAtha tarkavAgIza ke pazcAt hue eka zreSTha naiyaayik| inhoMne zarabharAja- vilAsakAvya (isameM gIvArNa vidyArasika tathA "sarasvatI zrI. raghunAtha ziromaNi ke TIkA-graMtha dIdhiti para "jAgadIzI' mahala" nAmaka saMskRta graMthAlaya ke saMsthApaka saraphojI rAje nAmaka vistRta TIkA likhI hai| isake atirikta tarkAmRta va bhosale kA caritra varNita hai| racanA kA kAla 1722 ii.)| zabdazaktiprakAzikA nAmaka do graMthoM kI racanA bhI Apane kii| [ / / ] saraphojI bhosale ke mantrI bAlakRSNa kA putra / inameM se zabdazakti-prakAzikA ko jagadIza bhaTTAcArya kA sarvasva mAnA jAtA hai| isameM sAhityikoM kI vyaMjanA nAmaka zabda-zakti racanA- (1) rtimnmthm| (2) vsumtiiprinnym| kA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| zabda-zaktiviSayaka yaha atyaMta jagannAtha - taMjaura ke mahArAjA pratApasiMha (1739-1763 I.) prAmANika graMtha hai| navadvIpa (baMgAla) ke prasiddha naiyAyikoM meM ke smaashrit| vizvAmitra gotrii| pitA- bAlakRSNa rAjamaMtrI the| bhaTTAcAryajI kA sthAna atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| inake kucha anya guru- kAmezvara / pratApasiMha se anujJA lekara kaashiiyaatraa| lauTate graMthoM ke nAma haiM : tattvaciMtAmaNimayUkha, nyAyAdarza aura samaya puNe ke pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAva se samparka prApta huaa| pdaarthtttvnirnny| vahIM "vasumatIpariNaya' nAmaka nATaka kI racanA, jisakA prathama jagadIzvara bhaTTAcArya -mhaamhopaadhyaay| trkaalNkaar| I. 18 abhinaya pezavA ne svayaM dekhA thaa| vIM shtii| "hAsyArNava nAmaka prahasana ke prnnetaa| kRtiyAM- vasumatIpariNaya tathA ratimanmatha (nATaka), azvadhATI jagadekamalla cAlukya - kalyANa ke cAlukyavaMzIya rAjA tathA bhAskara-vilAsa (kAvya) aura hRdayAmRta tathA (I.sa. 1138 se 1150) / tIsare somezvara pazcima cAlakya ke nityotsava-nibandha (tAMtrika grNth)| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 323 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jagannAtha - janma- san 1758 meM, gujarAta ke nhAnI boiU AsaphakhAM kI preraNA se inheM apane yahAM bulAyA aura grAma meN| aashukvi| bhAvanagara ke rAjA bakhtasiMha ke raajkvi|| "paMDitarAja" kI upAdhi dekara inheM sammAnita kiyaa| zAhajahA~ baDodA-nareza ke dvArA bhI sammAnita / mUrtikalA, saMgIta, citrakalA kI mRtyu ke bAda ye ekAdha varSa ke liye prANa-nArAyaNa ke tathA nRtya meM prviinn| ApakI aneka kRtiyoM meM prasiddha haiM- pAsa gae hoMge aura phira vahAM se Akara apanI vRddhAvasthA nAgaramahodaya, zrIgovindarAvavijaya, ramA-ramaNAMdhisarojavarNana mathurA meM bitAI hogii| (viSNustuti) / vRddhavaMzavarNana, 1912 meM bhAvanagara se prakAzita) paMDitarAja kI racanAeM- rasagaMgAdhara, citramImAMsAkhaNDana, tathA saubhAgyamahodaya (naattk)| gaMgAlaharI, (yA pIyUSalaharI), amRtalaharI, karuNAlaharI (yA jagannAtha - samaya- 18 vIM shtaabdii| jayapuranivAsI gnnitjny|| viSNulaharI), lakSmIlaharI, sudhAlaharI, Asapha-vilAsa (zAhajahAM "siddhAnta-samrAT" tathA "siddhAnta-kaustubha' nAmaka do ke mAmA AsaphakhAM kA caritra- AkhyAyikA ke mAdhyama se| jyotirgaNita viSayaka graMthoM ke rcyitaa| yaha graMtha apUrNa hai), prANAbharaNa (kAmarUpa nareza prANa-nArAyaNa jagannAtha - aravindAzrama ke shissy| mAtAjI kI phrAnsIsI kI prazasti), jagadAbharaNa (udayapUra ke rAjA jagatsiMha kA bhASA meM racita nItikathAoM kA saMskRta anuvAda (mUla pustaka varNana), bhAminIvilAsa (phuTakala padyoM kA kA saMgraha), "belajistRvAra" kathAmaMjarI ke nAma se prakAzita) anya racanAeM manoramAkucamardana (vyAkaraNa viSayaka TIkA-graMtha, bhaTTojI dIkSita zrImAtuH suuktisudhaa| (mAtAjI kI phrAnsIsI subhASitoM kA ke manoramA-graMtha kA khaMDana), yamunAvarNanacaMpU, azvadhATI paNDitarAja prAsAdika anuvAda) aura agnimaMtramAlA- vedoM ke agniviSayaka zataka (anupalabdha) aadi| maMtroM para araviMdamatAnusAra bhaassy| bAdazAha zAhajahAM kI lAvaNyavatI mAnasakanyA lavaMgI aura jagannAtha tarkapaMcAnana - samaya - I. 18 vIM shtaabdii| jagannAtha paNDita kI praNaya-kathA bahuta prasiddha hai| vNgprdesh-vaasii| viliyama jonya kI sUcanA para hiMdU nyAyavidhAna jagannAtha mizra - I. 18 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| para "vivAdabhaMgArNava"- graMtha likhaa| aMgreja nyAyAdhIzoM ko kRti-chndHpiiyuuss| nyAyadAna ke kArya meM isa graMtha kA bahuta upayoga huaa| jagannAthazAstrI - samaya 1897 ii.| pratApagar3ha ke rAjapaNDita / jagannAtha datta - I. 19-20 shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| kRti- inhoMne haribhUSaNakAvya, utsavapratAna, kAvya-kusuma ityAdi kRtiyoM cikitsaartn| kI racanA kii| aneka saMskRta patra-patrikAoM meM bhI ApakI jagannAtha paMDitarAja - Andhra pradeza ke muMguja nAmaka grAma racanAeM prakAzita huI haiN| meM jnm| samaya- 1590 se 1665 ii.| eka mahAn kAvyazAstrI jaganmohana - cauhAnavaMzIya rAjA baijala ke Adeza para inhoMne va kvi| inakA yugapravartaka graMtha "rasagaMgAdhara" hai, jo bhAratIya ___dezAlivivRti" kI racanA kii| isameM samakAlIna 56 rAjAoM AlocanA-zAstra kI aMtima prauDha racanA mAnI jAtI hai| paMDitarAja kA caritra-varNana tathA aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hone telaMga brAhmaNa tathA mugalabAdazAha zAhajahAM ke sabhA-paMDita the| se, tatkAlIna itihAsa para prakAza paDatA hai|| inheM zAhajahAM ne hI "paMDitarAja' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA ___ jaggU ziMgarArya- janma- san 1902 meN| mRtyu-san 1960 meN| thaa| inake pitA kA nAma perUbhaTTa (yA peramabhaTTa) aura mAtA yaduzailapura (melakoTe) ke nivaasii| kRtiyAM-yuvacarita (nATaka), kA nAma lakSmI thaa| puruSakAra-vaibhavastotra, anyoktimAlA, RtuvarNana, granthijvara- carita, ___ isI prakAra paMDitarAjakRta "bhAminIvilAsa" se jJAta hotA vedAntavicAramAlA aura zibivaibhava (nATaka) / inameM se zibivaibhava hai (4-45) ki inhoMne apanI yuvAvasthA dillIzvara zAhajahAM ko choDa anya sabhI racanAeM aprakAzita haiN| ke Azraya meM vyatIta kI thii| ye 4 rAjapuruSoM ke Azraya meM jaggU zrIbakulabhUSaNa - janma 1902 meN| pUrNa nAma- jaggU rhe| ve haiM- jahAMgIra, jagasiMha, zAhajahAM va praann-naaraaynn| alvaaraiyyNgaar| pitaa-shriinaaraaynnaary| pitAmaha- mahAkavi jaggU paMDitarAja ne prAraMbha ke kucha varSa jahAMgIra ke Azraya meM bitaaye| shriishiNgraary| kulanAma-bAladhanvI, gotra kaushik| inake cAcA 1627 I. ke bAda ye udayapura nareza jagatsiMha ke yahAM cale maisUra mahArAja ke rAjapaNDita the| Apa yadugiri (maisUra) kI ge| kucha dina vahAM rahe aura unakI prazaMsA meM "jagadAbharaNa' saMskRta mahApAThazAlA meM sAhitya ke adhyApaka rhe| 17 veM kI racanA kii| 1628 I. meM jagatsiMha gaddI para baitthe| zAhajahAM varSa se saMskRta racanA praarNbh|| bhI 1628 I. meM hI gaddI para baiThe the| kRtiyA- (nATaka)- adbhutAMzuka, maMjulamaMjIra, pratijJAkauTilya, kucha dinoM bAda zAhajahAM ne unheM apane yahAM bulA liyaa| saMyuktA, prasannakAzyapa, syamaMtaka, balivijaya, amUlyamAlya, kintu kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra inheM jagatsiMha ke yahAM se apratimapratima, maNiharaNa, pratijJAzAntanava, navajImUta, yauvarAjya, AsaphakhAM ne (kAzmIra ke sUbedAra ke mAmA) apane pAsa vIrasaubhadra, anaMgadA (mahAkAvya) adbhutadUta (prakAzita) tathA bulAyA aura ye usI ke Azraya meM rahe tathA zAhajahAM ne aprakAzita kAvya- karuNarasa- taraMgiNI, zRMgAralIlAmRta aura 324 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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pthikoktimaalaa| (gadya)- yaduvaMzacarita (prakAzita) aura uttarArdha siddha hotA hai| ApakI yaha kRti nyAyazAstra para eka upAkhyAna-ratnamaMjUSA (aprkaashit)| (campU) bhArata-saMgraha svataMtra graMtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai| (prakAzita) va yatirAja (aprkaashit)| inake atirikta cAra jayanta- 16 vIM shtii| tattvacandrikA nAmaka prakriyA kaumudI daNDaka stotra / kula 30 rcnaaeN| kI TIkA ke lekhk| jaTAdhara - I. 15 vIM shtii| pheNI nadI ke taTa para sthita jayakAnta - racanAeM haiM- (1) "dhruvacaritam" (2) "prahlAda cATIgrAma ke nivaasii| kRti-abhidhAnatantra / / cari m" (3) "ajaamilopaakhyaanm"| (4) govardhana kRSNa jaTAsiMha nandi - jinasena, udyotanasUri, cAmuNDarAya Adi critm| AcAyoM dvArA ullikhita / krnaattkvaasii| koppala meM samAdhimaraNa / jayakIrti - krnaattkvaasii| samaya- I. 10 vIM shtii| graMthalaharAtI huI lambI jaTAoM ke kAraNa jaTila yA jaTAcArya chndo'nushaasn"| inameM vaidika chandoM ko choDakara ATha adhyAyoM kahalAye the| samaya- I. 7 vIM zatAbdI kA antima paad|| meM vividha laukika chaMdoM kA vivaraNa kiyA hai| asaMga kavi racanA- varAGgacarita nAmaka paurANika mahAkAvya (31 sarga aura ne inakA ullekha kiyA hai| 1805 shlok)| jaina purANakathA para mahAkAvya AdhArita hai| jayatIrtha - samaya- lagabhaga 1365-1388 / inake jIvana kI janArdana - I. 13 vIM zatI / bNgaal-nivaasii| racanA- rghuvNsh| sAmAnya ghaTanAoM kA jJAna, unake "digvijaya-graMtha' se bhalI-bhAMti janna - samaya- 12-13 vIM shtii| krnaattknivaasii| vaMza kamme / prApta hotA hai| tadanusAra unakA pUrvAzrama kA nAma dhoMDoMpata pitaa-shNkr| mAtA- gNgaadevii| guru- naagvrm| inake pitA raghunAtha thaa| mahArASTra meM paMDharapura se lagabhaga 12 mIla kI zaMkara, hayazAlavaMzIya rAjA narasiMha ke senApati the| jannakavi, dUrI para sthita eka gAMva meM unakA janma huA thaa| unake sUktisudhArNava graMtha ke kartA mallikArjuna ke sAle aura pitA jamInadAra the| inakI AraMbhika zikSA-dIkSA acchI huI zabdamaNidarpaNa ke kartA kezirAja ke mAmA the| colakula thii| 20 varSa kI Ayu meM hI inake jIvana meM AdhyAtmika narasiMha deva ke sbhaakvi| durga meM jaina maMdira ke nirmaataa| moDa aayaa| eka bAra ghor3e para savAra hokara ye kahIM jA rahe racanA- yazodharacaritra aura anntnaath-puraann| the| pyAsa joroM se lagI thii| ataH samIpastha parvata kI jamadagni - pitA- bhRgukula ke RcIka RSi (padmapurANa ke talahaTI se bahane vAlI nadI meM, ghoDe para savArI kase hI ye anusAra bhRgu)| maataa-styvtii| ptnii-rennukaa| rumaNvAna, suSeNa, bhItara cale gae aura ghoDe kI pITha para baiThe-baiThe hI muMha vasumAna, viSvAvasu tathA parazurAma nAmaka putra / bhinna-bhinna purANoM navAkara inhoMne apanI pyAsa bujhaaii| nadI ke dUsare kinAre se meM inakA caritra bhinna-bhinna prakAra se varNita hai| eka mahAtmA inheM dekha rahe the| mahAtmA ke bulAne para ye Rgveda ke navama maNDala ke 62 tathA 65 evaM dasaveM unake pAsa ge| unhoMne kucha prazna puche| phalataH inako apane maNDala ke 110 veM sUkta kI racanA inhoMne kI hai| pUrva janma kI ghaTanAeM smaraNa ho aaiiN| mahAtmA the mAdhva-mata jamadagni nAma ke anurUpa krodhI the| eka bAra patnI ko kI guru-paraMparA meM 5 veM guru akssobhytiirth| unhoMne dIkSA dekara sarovara se snAna kara loTane meM derI huI, to inhoMne putroM ko inheM apanA ziSya banAyA aura nAma rakhA jytiirth| prasiddha advaitI vidvAna vidyAcaraNa svAmI ke ye samakAlIna the| inhoMne apanI mAtA kA vadha karane kI AjJA kI parantu usa kA apane graMthoM meM zrIharSa, AnaMdabodha evaM citsukha ke matoM ko AjJA pAlana kevala parazurAma ne kiyaa| isa liye jamadagni ne zeSa cAra putroM kA vadha kara ddaalaa| jamadagni parazurAma para uddhRta kara, unakA khaMDana kiyA hai| atyanta prasanna huye the| ataH unhoMne use vara mAMgane ke liye jayatIrtha ne madhvAcArya ke graMthoM para nitAMta prauDha evaM khaa| taba parazurAma ne apanI mAtAsameta cAroM bhAiyoM ko prameya-saMpanna TIkAeM likhI haiM, unake siddhAMtoM ko apane jIvita karane kI prArthanA kii| jamadagni ne usakI prArthanA vyAkhyAnoM dvArA vizada, bodhagamya tathA hRdayAkarSaka banAyA aura svIkAra kara lI aura apanI patnI aura cAroM putroM ko punarjIvita navIna graMthoM kA nirmANa kara madhva-mata ko zAstrIya mAnyatA ke kiyaa| ucca zikhara para pratiSThita kiyaa| jayatIrtha dvArA praNIta graMthoM jayaMtabhaTTa - "nyAya-maMjarI" nAmaka prasiddha nyAyazAstrIya kI saMkhyA 20 hai jinameM pramukha haiM- tattva-prakAzikA, nyAyasudhA, TIkA-graMtha ke prnnetaa| samaya-navama zataka kA uttarArdha / bhaTTojI gItAbhASya-prameya-TIkA, gItA-tAtparya-nyAyadIpikA, vAdAvali aura ne apane isa graMtha meM "gautama-sUtra" ke katipaya prasiddha sUtroM pramANa-paddhati / pramANa-paddhati para 8 TIkAeM prApta huI haiN| madhva para prameyabahulA vRtti prastuta kI hai| isameM cAvArka, bauddha, tathA vyAsarAya ke sAtha jayatIrtha dvaita-saMpradAya ke "munitraya" mImAMsA, vedAnta-matAvalaMbiyoM ke matoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai| meM samAviSTa hote haiN| jayatIrtha kI RkbhASya-TIkA para narasiMhAcArya "nyAya-maMjarI" meM vAcaspati mizra va dhvanyAlokakAra AnaMdavardhana kI vivRtti tathA bArAyaNAcArya kI bhASyaTIkAvivRtti prasiddha hai| kA ullekha hone ke kAraNa inakA samaya navama zataka kA jayatIrtha ne kaI sthaloM para sAyaNAcArya kA khaNDana kiyA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 325 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| yadi vaha saca ho, to jayatIrtha kA samaya 14 vIM zatI ke bAda mAnanA ucita hogaa| jayadeva - chanda zAstra ke racayitA / abhinavagupta dvArA ullikhita / samaya I. kI prArambha kI shtiyaaN| yaha racanA sUtrarUpa hone se inakA samaya sUtrakAla meM IsA pUrva 2 rI yA 3 rI zatI ho sakatA hai| jayadeva (pIyUSavarSa) - "caMdrAloka" nAmaka lokapriya kAvyazAstrIya graMtha ke prnnetaa| "gIta-goviMda" ke racayitA jayadeva se sarvathA bhinn| inhoMne "prasanna-rAghava" nATaka kI bhI racanA kI hai| tatkAlIna samAja meM ye "pIyUSavarSa" ke nAma se vikhyAta the- "caMdrAlaukamamuM svayaM vitanute pIyUSavarSaH kRtI"(caMdrAloka 1-2) / pitA- mhaadev| mAtA- sumitrA / - "prasanna rAghava nATaka (hindI anuvAda sahita) caukhaMbA se prakAzita ho cukA hai| ye saMbhavataH 13 vIM zatAbdI ke madhya caraNa meM rahe hoNge| "prasannarAghava" ke kucha zloka "zAGgadharapaddhati" meM uddhRta haiM jisakA racanA-kAla 1363 I. hai| AcArya jayadeva ne mammaTa ke kAvyalakSaNa kA khaMDana kiyA hai, ataH ve unake paravartI haiN| inhoMne "vicitra" evaM vikalpa" nAmaka alaMkAroM ke lakSaNa ruyyaka ke hI zabdoM meM diye haiN| ataH ye ruyyaka ke bhI pazcAdvartI siddha hote haiN| isa prakAra inakA samaya ruyyaka (1200 I.) evaM zAgadhara (1350 I.) kA madhyavartI nizcita hotA hai| kucha vidvAna inheM tathA maithila naiyAyika pakSadharamizra abhinna siddha karanA cAhate haiN| para aba yaha prAyaH nizcita ho gayA hai ki ye donoM bhinna vyakti the| pakSadhara mizra kA samaya 1464 I. hai| kauNDiNya gotrIya AcArya jayadeva hari mizra ke ziSya the| eka tarkazAstrajJa ke rUpa meM inhoMne gaMgeza upAdhyAya ke "tattvaciMtAmaNi" para "Aloka" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai jo inake "prasannarAghava' meM ullekha se vidita hotI hai| ye dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjAzraya meM rahe the| jayadeva - eka yuga-pravartaka giitikaar| inhoMne "gItagoviMda" nAmaka eka lokapriya gIti-kAvya kI racanA kI hai| ye baMgAla ke rAjA lakSmaNa sena ke sabhA-kavi the| inakA samaya I. 12 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai| "gIta-goviMda" meM rAdhA kRSNa kI lalita lIlA kA manorama va rasasnigdha varNana hai| isa para rAjasthAna ke rAjA kuMbhakarNa va eka ajJAtanAmA lekhaka kI TIkAeM prApta hotI haiM, jo nirNayasAgara presa se prakAzita hai| jayadeva kA nivAsa sthAna keMdubilba yA kaMdulI (baMgAla) thA, para katipaya vidvAna inheM baMgAlI na mAnakara utkala-nivAsI kahate haiN| jayadeva ke saMbaMdha meM katipaya prazastiyAM prApta hotI haiM, tathA kavi ne svayaM bhI apanI kavitA ke saMbaMdha meM prazaMsA ke vAkya kahe haiM - yadi harismaraNe sarasaM mano yadi vilaasklaasukutuuhlm| kalitakaumalakAMtapadAvalIM zruNu tadA jydev-srsvtiim| (svavacana : gIta-goviMda, 1-3) sAdhvI mAdhvIka ciMtA na bhavati bhavataHzarkare karkazAsi, drAkSe drakSyanti ke tvAmamRtamRtamasi kSIra nIraM rasaste / mAkaMda kaMda, kAMtAdhara dharaNitalaM gaccha, yacchanti bhAvaM, yAvacchRGgArasAraM svayamiha jayadevasya vizvagvacAMsi / / (gIta-goviMda) __ jayadeva ke pitA kA nAma bhojadeva aura mAtA kA nAma ramAdevI thaa| bahuta dinoM taka isa daMpati ko saMtAna nahIM huii| isake liye unhoMne jagannAtha kI ArAdhanA kii| jagannAtha kI kRpA se unheM putraprApti huii| jayadeva ke samaya utkala para kAmadeva kA zAsana thaa| katipaya vidvAnoM ke anusAra, unhIM ke Azraya meM rahate huye jayadeva ne "gIta-goviMda" kI racanA kii| kahate haiM ki gItagoviMda ke zravaNa ke binA rAjA kAmadeva annagrahaNa nahIM karate the| ____kiMtu jayadeva ke vivAha ke saMbaMdha meM eka kiMvadaMtI haikeMdupATaNa (kiMdubilva) meM devazarmA nAmaka eka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| vaha niHsaMtAna thaa| usane bhagavAna jagannAtha se manautI kI ki yadi use saMtAna huI to vaha use bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM samarpita kara degaa| kucha dinoM pazcAt usake yahAM eka kanyA ne janma liyaa| usane usakA nAma padmAvatI rakhA, aura usake yuvA hone para use maMdira ke pujArI ko sauMpa diyaa| rAta ko pujArI ne svapna dekhA ki bhagavAna jagannAtha use Adeza de rahe haiM ki ve padmAvatI ko jayadeva ko samarpita kara deN| bhagavAna ke AdezAnusAra dUsare dina prAtaH pujArI padmAvatI ko apane sAtha lekara jayadeva ke pAsa phuNcaa| jayadeva gAMva ke bAhara kuTiyA meM saMnyasta vRtti se rahate the| pujArI ne apane svapna kI bAta unase khii| jayadeva ko usa para vizvAsa nahIM huA para pujArI padmAvatI ko vahIM choDakara calA gyaa| aMtataH anicchApUrvaka jayadeva ko use patnI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| padmAvatI ke pAtivratya ke saMbaMdha meM bhI eka bahuta hI adbhuta AkhyAyikA pracalita hai : eka bAra rAjA lakSmaNasena jayadeva ke sAtha zikAra khelane gye| idhara ranivAsa meM lakSmaNasena kI rAnI aura padmAvatI vArtAlApa meM magna thiiN| rAnI ko padmAvatI ke pAtivratya kI parIkSA lene kI icchA huii| usane eka dUta ke sAtha kAnAphUsI kara SaDayaMtra rcaa| kucha samaya pazcAt dUta dauDA-dauDA rAnivAsa meM AyA aura usane zikAra khelate samaya jayadeva kI mRtyu ho jAne kI vArtA sunaaii| vaha samAcAra sunate hI padmAvatI ke prANapakherU uDa gye| kucha samaya pazcAt rAjA lakSmaNasena aura jayadeva AkheTa se rAjaprAsAda lotte| rAjA ne jaba yaha sunA ki unakI rAnI 326/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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/ padmAvatI kI mRtyu ke liye uttaradAyI hai, taba ve bahuta kupita hue aura apanI rAnI ko mArane ke liye daur3e, jayadeva ne unheM manA kiyA aura kahA - jaba maiM jIvita hUM, to padmAvatI kA punajIvita honA saMbhava hai| unhoMne saMjIvanI aSTapadI kahakara jaise hI patnI kI deha para jalasiMcana kiyA, vaha saceta hokara uTha baitthii| ___ "gItagoviMda" ke atirikta jayadeva ko katipaya baMgAlI pardo kA bhI racayitA batalAyA jAtA hai| ina padoM kA samAveza gurugraMthasAhaba tathA dAdUpaMthI sAdhakoM ke padasaMgrahoM meM bhI huA hai| mUla baMgAlI padoM kA svarUpa, una graMthoM meM hiMdI, paMjAbI yA rAjasthAnI ho gayA hai| jayadeva- kerlnivaasii| somayAga karane para saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyaa| racanA- pUrNapuruSArtha-candrodayam (naattk)| jayarAma nyAyapaMcAnana - I. 17 vIM shtii| kRSNanagara ke rAjA rAmakRSNa kA samAzraya prApta / rAmabhadra sArvabhauma ke ziSya / kRti - kAvyaprakAza para "rahasyadIpikA" (apara nAma "tilaka" athavA "jayarAmI") nAmaka ttiikaa| jayarAma nyAyapaMcAnana (tarkAlaMkAra) - I. 17-18 vIM shtii| guru- rAmabhadra sArvabhauma / racanAeM- tattvaciMtAmaNi-dIdhiti- gUDhArthavidyotana, ta.ci. Alokaviveka, nyAyasiddhAntamAlA, dIdhiti vivRtti, nyAyakusumAMjalikArikAvyAkhyA, padArthamaNimAlA (yA padArthamAlA), vRMdAvanavinoda (kAvya), kAvyaprakAzatilaka (sAhityazAstrIya) aura shktivaad-ttiikaa|| uparokta graMthoM meM se "padArthamaNimAlA'' inakA sarvottama graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| bhImasena dIkSita ne apane do graMthoM meM inheM tathA devanAtha tarkapaMcAnana ko tarkazAstra kA pramANa kahA hai| jayarAma kRSNanagara ke rAjA rAmakRSNa (navadvIpAdhipati) ke Azraya meM rahate the| jayarAma pANDe - muMbaI ke eka prasiddha vyaapaarii| zeara bAjAra meM prtisstthaa| arthazAstrajJa dharma aura artha puruSArtha para zataka racanAeM-dharmazatakam aura arthshtkm| jayarAma piNDye - zivAjI mahArAja ke smkaaliin| 5 sargoM ke inake "parNAlaparvata-grahaNAkhyAna" kAvya meM zivAjI mahArAja kA panhAlA kile para pradarzita parAkrama varNita hai| isa choTe se kAvya ko aitihAsika mahattva hai| ____ 12 bhASAoM ke tajJa tathA ina saba bhASAoM meM kAvya karane kI kSamatA unameM thii| prastuta kAvya, bhArata itihAsa saMzodhaka maNDala, puNe ke prasiddha saMzodhaka sadAziva mahAdeva divekara ne abhyAsapUrNa prastuti ke sAtha tathA marAThI anuvAda sahita prakAzita kiyA hai| anya racanA - raadhaamaadhvvilaas-cmpuu| jayarAmazAstrI - sAhityAcArya / racanA - jvaahrvsntsaamraajym| 7 sarga, 500 shlok| 1950 I. ko paM. javAharalAla neharU kI SaSThyabdipUrti ke varSa meM prakAzita / jayarAzi bhaTTa - I. 7 vIM shtaabdii| cArvAka mtaanuyaayii| "tattvopaplavasiMha" nAmaka grantha ke rcyitaa| isameM vaidika aura jaina tattvajJAna kA khaNDana hai| jayazekhara sUri - aMcalagacchIya mahendrasUri ke shissy| isa gaccha ke saMsthApaka AryarakSita sUri the, jinakI dasavIM pIr3hI meM mahendraprabhasUri hue| unake tIna ziSya the - munizekhara, jayazekhara aura merutuMga suuri| samaya - I. 16 vIM shtii| graMtha-jainakumAra-sambhava (vi. saM. 1483) / (bharata kI utpatti kA varNana 11 srg)| inake anya graMtha haiM 1) upadezacintAmaNi (saM. 1436), 2) prabaMdhacintAmaNi (vi. saM. 1464) aura 3) ammillcrit| jayasena - I. 10 vIM shtii| bhAvasena sUri ke ziSya / lADabAgaDasaMgha ke vidvAna / samaya I. 12 vIM zatI kA mdhykaal| inheM jayasena prathama kahA jAtA hai| isa nAma ke anya vidvAna hue haiN| racanA - dhrmrtnaakr| ___kundakunda ke TIkAkAra jayasena dvitIya, sAdhu mahIpati ke putra cArubhaTa jo uttarakAla meM jayasena khlaaye| guru kA nAma sokasena aura dAdA guru kA nAma vIrasena / samaya I. 11-12 vIM shtii| racanA kundakunda ke samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya para ttiikaaeN| jayasenApati - varaMgalanareza kAkatIya gaNapati (I. sa. 1200 se 1265) ke gjsenaaprmukh| rcnaa-vRtt-rtnaavlii| (I. sa. 1254 meM rcit)| jayasvAmI - samaya - I. 16 vIM zatAbdI se pUrva / AzvalAyana brAhmaNa ke bhaassykaar| jayasvAmI aura jayantasvAmI eka hI ho sakate haiN| apane "saMskAratattva" ke malamAsa prakaraNa meM graMthakartA raghunandana AzvalAyana brAhmaNa ke bhASyakAra jayasvAmI kA nirdeza karate haiN| jayantasvAmI ne AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra para "vimalodaya" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jayanta svAmI ke atirikta jayasvAmI bhI koI anya graMthakAra hue hoN| "hArIta smRti" para bhI jayasvAmI kI TIkA upalabdha hai| jayasvAmI - harisvAmI ke putr| inhoMne "tANDyabrAhmaNa" para bhASya racanA kI hai| usa bhASya kA nAmAntara, paMcaviMzArthamAlA hogA, aisA anumAna hai| jayAditya aura vAmana - aSTAdhyAyI kI kAzikA nAmaka vRtti inakI sammilita racanA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM mahAbhASya tathA bhartRhari ke bAda yaha saba se prAcIna tathA mahattvapUrNa vRtti hai| itsiMga ke anusAra jayAditya kA mRtyukAla vi.saM. 718 hai| __vAmana (sAhityakAra), vizrAntavidyAdhara (jaina vyAkaraNakAra) tathA liMgAnuzAsanakAra ina sabase kAzikAkAra bhinna haiN| samaya vi.saM. 650 se 7181 saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 327 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jalhaNa - 13 vIM shtii| racanA - sUktimuktAvalI / jAtukarNya - tIsarI yA pAMcavI zatI ke eka dharmasUtrakAra / pitA- kaatyaayn| guru- AsurAyaNa tathA yaask| inake eka ziSya kA nAma pArAgarva thaa| jAtukarNya dvArA racita AcAra tathA zrAddha saMbaMdhI sUtra aneka vyaktiyoM ke granthoM meM bikhare hue milate haiN| vizvarUpa, aparArka, halAyudha tathA hemAdri ne tathA smRticandrikA, zrautasUtra Adi granthoM meM inake sUtroM kA AdhAra liyA gayA hai| jitendriya - samaya I. 11 vIM shtii| vNgvaasii| inake nAma para graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| jImUtavAhana ke "kAlaviveka" tathA raghunandana ke "dAyatattva" nAmaka graMthoM meM jitendriya ke vyavahAra evaM uttarAdhikAra saMbaMdhI matoM kA ullekha hai| jinacandra - dillI kI bhaTTAraka gaddI ke aacaary| inhoMne prAcIna graMthoM kI nayI nayI pratiyAM karAkara maMdiroM meM pratiSThita kii| jIrNoddhAra kiyaa| racanAeM-siddhAntasAra aura jincturviNshtistotr| inake atirikta hindI racanAeM bhI upalabdha haiN| bAgheravAla jaati| jIvarAja pApaDIvAla ne jo vi. saM. 1548 meM pratiSThA karAI thI, usakA AcAryatva zubhacandra ke ziSya jinacandra ne hI kiyA thaa| jIvanakAla 91 vrss| jinadAsa - Ayurveda ke niSNAta pnnddit| cikitsaashaastrii| pitA rekhaa| maataa-rekhshrii| dharmapatnI-jinadAsI / putr-naaraaynndaas| jinadAsa ke pitA raNastambha meM bAdazAha zerazAha ke dvArA sammAnita hue| navalakSapura ke nivaasii| samaya I. 16 vIM zatI / racanA holIreNukA-carita (vi. saM. 1608) 843 pdy| jinadAsagaNi - koTikagaNIya, vajrazAkhI gopAlagaNi mahattara ke shissy| samaya vi. saM. 650-750 / jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne jaina Agama graMthoM para cUrNiyAM likhI haiM / nandIcUrNi, anuyogadvAracUrNi, AvazyakacUrNi, dazavaikAlika-cUrNi, uttarAdhyAyanacUrNi, AcArAMgacUrNi, sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi aura vyaakhyaaprjnypti-cuurnni| ina cUrNiyoM kI bhASA prAyaH prAkRta bahula saMskRta hai| uttarAdhyayana cUrNi aura sUtrakRtAMga-cUrNi meM saMskRta bhAga adhika hai| karmaprakRticUrNi (7000 zloka prAmaNa) zAyada jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI hI ho| jinasena (prathama) - I. 8 vIM shtii| jaina paMthI putrATasaMgha ke aacaary| guru-kiirtissenn| mUlataH dkssinnvaasii| racanA hrivNshpuraann| (I. 783) / racanAsthAna-vardhamAnapura (vartamAna dhAra jile kA badanAvara), jahAM hariSeNa ne apane kathAkoSa kI racanA kI thii| raviSeNa ke padmacarita se prabhAvita / paurANika mahAkAvya meM bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA caritra citraNa tathA pANDavoM aura kauravoM kA lokapriya caritra bhI suMdaratA ke sAtha aMkita hai| kathAvastu 36 sargoM meM vibhakta hai| jinasena (dvitIya) - I. 9-10 vIM shtaabdii| bacapana meM hI jaina paMtha kI dIkSA lii| guru kA nAma vIrasena aura dAdAguru kA aarynndi| gurubhAI kA nAma jysen| unake satIrtha dazaratha nAmaka AcArya the| unake ziSya guNabhadra ne AdipurANa ke avaziSTa aMza ko pUrA kiyaa| jinasena kA saMbaMdha citrakUTa, baMkApura aura baTagrAma se rahA hai| rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA amoghavarSa dvArA sammAnita rahe haiN| ataH janmasthAna mahArASTra aura karnATaka kI sImAbhUmi anumAnita kI jA sakatI hai| brAhmaNa kul| racanAeM-pArvAbhyudaya (saMdezakAvya), AdipurANa aura jayadhavalA ttiikaa| pArvAbhyudaya (graMthArgata jAnakArI ke anusAra) kAlidAsa ke meghadUta nAmaka kAvya kI samasyApUrti hai| isameM 364 mandAkrAntA chanda haiN| caubIsa jaina purANoM meM sarvAdhika prasiddha 12 hajAra zlokoM vAle AdipurANa meM RSabhadeva ke dasa pUrva janmoM kI kathAeM varNita haiN| jayadhavalA TIkA mUlataH vIrasena (guru) kI hai, para unake svargastha ho jAne para use jinasena ne pUrI kI, jisakA pramANa cAlIsa hajAra zloka haiN| jinendrabuddhi - I. 8 vIM shtii| bauddha pnnddit| "sthavira jinendra" tathA bodhisattvadezIyAcArya" ke nAmoM se vikhyAta / baMgAla ke pAla rAjA ke smaashrit| kAzikA vivaraNa paMjikA (apara nAma "nyAya") nAmaka pANinIya vyAkaraNa viSayaka graMtha ke racayitA / kAzikA kI TIkAoM meM yaha sarvAdhika prAcIna graMtha hai| jImUtavAhana - samaya - 1090-1130 I. ke biic| sthAna - raaddhaa| pribhdrkulotpnn| baMgAla ke rAjA viSvaksena kI rAjasabhA meM nyAyAdhIza tathA baMgAla ke prasiddha dharmazAstrakAra / inhoMne kAlaviveka, vyavahAramAtRkA (nyAyamAtRkA) tathA dAyabhAga nAmaka tIna graMtha likhe haiN| "kAlaviveka" meM dhArmika kRtyoM tathA saMskAroM ke liye ucita kAla ke viSaya meM vivecana hai| "vyavahAramAtRkA" meM nyAyAlayIna kAryapaddhati, nyAyAlayoM kA saMvidhAna, nyAyAlayoM kA vargIkaraNa tathA aSTAdazAdhikAra vidhi kA vivaraNa hai| ___"dAyabhAga" meM svAmitva, saMpattivibhAjana, uttarAdhikAra, strIdhana, vidhavA-vivAha Adi viSayoM kA vivecana hai| isa graMtha para raghunandana kI TIkA prasiddha hai| kolabuka ne isakA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai| baMgAla ke sabhI nyAyAlayoM meM dAyabhAga graMtha pramANa mAnA jAtA rhaa| isameM hindU kAnUnoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana karate hue aneka vicAra "mitAkSarA" ke viruddha vyakta kiye gae haiN| jIvagosvAmI - samaya lagabhaga 1575-1625 ii.| baMgAla meM jnm| bhAradvAja gotrI yajurvedI braahmnn| goDIya matAvalaMbI, udbhaTa vidvAna, bhAgavata ke marmajJa tathA pAThAdi ke nimitta baDe hI jAgarUka ttiikaakaar| ApakI gaNanA gauDIya vaiSNava samAja ke daidIpyamAna ratnoM meM kI jAtI hai| "durgama saMgamanI" TIkA ke AraMbha meM inhoMne apane jyeSTha pitRvya sanAtana evaM vallabha kA nirdeza kiyA hai| bAlyakAla meM pitA kA dehaaNt| ataH mAtA kI dekharekha 328 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM shikssaa| apane bhakta pitRvyoM kI bhakti tathA vairAgya ke ujvala Adarza se prabhAvita ho alpAyu meM hI ghara bAra tyAga kara parama virakta bana ge| kAzI meM madhusUdana sarasvatI se vedAMta zAstra kA pUrNa adhyayana kiyaa| pazcAt vRMdAvana meM apane pitRvyoM kI saMgati meM Akara rahane lge| prakAMDa paMDita ke rUpa meM inakI khyAti sarvatra phailii| kahate haiM ki inhoMne asama ke rUpanArAyaNa nAmaka eka uddhata saMnyAsI ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara, usakA garvaharaNa kiyA thA kitu inake pitRvya sanAtanajI unase isa vaiSNava virodhI kArya para ruSTa hue the| bAda meM rUpa gosvAmI ne baDI yukti se inheM kSamA pradAna karAI thii| bAdazAha akabara ke Agraha karane para ye eka dina ke liye AgarA bhI gae the| bhajana bhakti aura graMthapraNayana hI inake jIvana kA vrata thaa| inake graMtha gauDIya vaiSNava saMpradAya ke siddhAntoM ke prakAza staMbha haiM jinameM inakI vidvattA pAThakoM ko paga paga para vismita karatI hai| inake pramukha graMthoM ke nAma haiN| SaTsaMdarbha, kramasaMdarbha, durgamasaMgamanI, brahmasaMhitA kI TIkA, kRSNa-karNAmRta kI TIkA, harinAmAmRta-vyAkaraNa aura kRssnnaarcn-diipikaa| brahmasaMhitA kI TIkA aura kRSNakarNAmRta kI TIkA ko caitanya mahAprabhu apanI dakSiNa yAtrA ke samaya apane sAtha le gae the| inake atirikta inakI anya racanAeM bhI milatI haiN| caitanya mata ke SaTgosvAmiyoM (6 AcAryo) kA kArya, isa mata ke itihAsa meM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| jIva gosvAmIjI, ina chahoM gosvAmiyoM meM niHsaMdeha pragalbhatama AcArya the| inakA alaukika kArya vivecaka ko vismaya vimugdha karane vAlA hai| ye eka aise mahanIya AcArya haiM jinhoMne bhAgavata para 3 TIkAoM kA praNayana karate hue, usake rahasyabhUta evaM gUDhatama artha kI abhivyakti kii| inake atirikta inhoMne laghutoSiNI, dhAtusaMgraha, sUtramAlikA, mAdhavamahotsava, gopAlacaMpU, gAyatrIvyAkhyA nivRtti, gopAlatApinI, yogasArastotra Adi choTe bar3e graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| kevala 25 varSa kI Ayu meM hI apane cAcA rUpa gosvAmI se vaiSNava paMtha kI dIkSA lI aura Ajanma naiSThika brahmacArI rahakara apane saMpradAya kI sevA meM saMlagna rhe| inhoMne caitanya mata ko sudRr3ha dArzanika bhitti para pratiSThita kiyaa| ataH inheM caitanya mata kA mahAn bhASyakAra kahA jAtA hai| jIvadhara zarmA - I. 17 vIM shtii| mevADa ke kvi| inakI kRti hai : "amarasAra" nAmaka mhaakaavy| isameM mevAr3a ke rANA pratApa, rANA amarasiMha aura rANA karaNasiMha ke zAsanakAla kA varNana hai| jIvanalAla nAgara - samaya - 1823-1869 ii.| nAgara bUMdI ke mahArAjA rAmasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM bUMdI rAjya ke mukhyamaMtrI the| "kRSNakhaNDakAvya" inakI prasiddha kRti hai| jIvanalAla pArekha - I. 20 vIM shtii| sUrata mahAvidyAlaya meM vyAkhyAtA / "chAyAzakuntalA" nAmaka ekAMkI rUpaka ke prnnetaa| jIva nyAyatIrtha - janma- I. 1894 meM baMgAla ke caubIsa paraganA jile ke bhaTTapallI (bhATapADA) grAma meN| paMcAnana tarkazAstra ke putr| guru-kAzI nivAsI ma.ma. rAkhAladAsa / 1929 meM kalakattA vi.vi. meM saMskRta ke praadhyaapk| vahAM 29 varSa adhyApana / phira bhaTTapallI ke saMskRta kAleja ke praacaary| "praNavapArijAta" tathA "arthazAstra" nAmaka patrikAoM ke sNpaadk| rASTrapati puraskAra se smmaanit| 1955 se saTIka mahAbhArata kA smpaadn| jIvabudha - I. 17 vIM shtii| pitA- konerI raajaa| janma upadraSTA vaMza meM jisameM paNDitarAja jagannAtha hue the| racanA-"nalAnanda" nAmaka naattk| jIvarAja - "gopAlacampU" ke rcyitaa| isakA prakAzana vRMdAvana se vaMgAkSaroM meM huA hai| inhoMne svayaM hI apane isa campU kAvya para eka TIkA likhI hai| Apa mahAprabhu caitanya ke samakAlIna va parama vaiSNava the| ye mahArASTra nivAsI tathA bhAradvAja gotrotpanna kAmarAja ke pautra the| jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara - I. 19 vIM shtii| kRtiyAM-harSacarita, dazakumAracarita tathA vAsavadattA para vyaakhyaaeN| mRcchakaTika, zAkuntala, ratnAvalI, mudrArAkSasa, mAlatImAdhava, uttararAmacarita, bAlarAmAyaNa, viddhazAlabhaMjikA tathA karpUramaMjarI ina nATakoM kI vyaakhyaaeN| "kAvyasaMgraha" (saMskRta padya rcnaaeN)| raghuvaMza, kumArasambhava, meghadUta, bhaTTikAvya, kirAta, zizupAlavadha, ghaTakarpara tathA nalodaya para ttiikaaeN| sAhityadarpaNa para "vimalA" nAmaka vRtti tathA zrutabodhavyAkhyAna / juha - Rgveda ke 10 veM maNDala ke 109 veM sUkta ke draSTA / isa sUkta meM unhoMne kahA hai ki sRSTi aura usake liye Avazyaka tapa kI utpatti satya se huI hai| jaimini . kautskulotpnn| vedavyAsa ke ziSya / sAmaveda ke adhyApaka va prsaark| pUrvamImAMsAdarzana ke sUtrakAra ke rUpa meM maharSi jaimini kA nAma prasiddha hai| samaya I.pU. 4 thI shtii| viSNuzarmA kRta "paMcataMtra" meM hAthI dvArA jaimini ke kucala diye jAne kI ghaTanA kA ullekha hai| (mitrasaMprApti, 36 shlok)| maharSi jaimini, mImAMsA darzana ke pravartaka na hokara usake sUtrakAra mAne jAte haiM kyo ki inhoMne apane pUrvavartI va samasAmayika 8 AcAryoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| ve hai : Atreya, Azmarathya, kArNAjini, bAdari, aitizAyana, kAmukAyana, lAbukAyana va aalekhn| para ina AcAryoM ke koI bhI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hote| jaiminikRta "mImAMsAsUtra" 16 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai jisameM isa darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isa para aneka vRttiyoM va bhASyoM kI racanA huI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 329 . 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inheM sAmaveda kI jaiminIya zAkhA, jaiminIya brAhmaNa tathA 1) jJAnasAgara - jainadharmI bRhattapAgaccha ke ratnasiMha ke ziSya / jaiminiyopaniSad brAhmaNa kA bhI racayitA mAnA jAtA hai| inake grNth-vimlnaathcrit| sAmyatArtha, khaMbhAta meM saM. 1517 meM atirikta jaiminikozasUtra, jaimininighaMTu, jaiminipurANa, racita, zASTarAja seTha kI prArthanA pr| pAMca sarga, gadya racanA / jyeSThamAhAtmya, jaiminibhAgavata, jaiminibhArata, jaiminisUtra, anya rcnaa-shaantinaathcrit| bhASA aura zailI AkarSaka / jaiminisUtrasArikA, jaiministotra Adi aneka granthoM kA bhii| jJAnasuMdarI - 19 vIM shtii| kumbhakoNam kI prakhyAta nrtkii| racayitA inheM batAyA jAtA hai| nRtya gIta tathA vaktRtva meM atyaMta nipunn| maisUra rAjya se dharmarAja yudhiSThira ke yajJa ke Rtvija aura janamejaya ke kaviratnam upAdhi se satkAra huA thaa| racanA - hAlAsyacampU sarpasatra ke udgAtA kA nAma bhI jaimini hI thaa| 6 stabakoM kA kAvya / viSaya-mInAkSI-sundareza vivAha prasaMga jozI lakSmaNazAstrI (tarkatIrtha) - vAI (mahArASTra) ke kA varNana, kumbhakoNam se mudrit| nivAsI, mahArASTra ke suprasiddha sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika netaa| jJAnendrasarasvatI - siddhAntakaumudI kI tattvabodhinI nAmaka suprasiddha racanA - 1) dharmakoza (vyavahArakANDa) 3 bhAga, 2) dharmakoza vyAkhyA ke lekhk| guru-vAmanendra srsvtii| ziSya-nIlakaNTha (upaniSatkANDa) 4 bhaag| guru- kevalAnanda sarasvatI, jo svayaM __ vaajpeyii| bhaTTojI dIkSita ke samakAlIna- vi.saM. 1550-1600 mahAn vaidika kozakAra the| TI. gaNapati zAstrI (ma.ma.) - 20 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / jozI ga. go. - racanA - kaavy-kusumgucch| isameM mahArASTra bhAsa nATaka cakra ke prakAzana se vizeSa prkhyaat| apanI ke arvAcIna zreSTha saMskRta paNDita ma. ma. vAsudeva zAstrI racanA arthacitra maNimAlA meM trivAMkuranareza (keralavAsI) abhyaMkara kI stati hai| vizAkharAmavarmA kA stavana alaMkAroM ke udAharaNArtha kiyA hai| jJAnakIrti - I. 17 vIM shtii| yati vAdibhUSaNa ke ziSya / anya racanAeM - bhAratetihAsa aura mAdhavIvasanta-nATakam / akacharapura (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| baMgAla ke mahArAjA mAnasiMha Taigora surendramohana - kAvya- vhikttoriyaamaahaatmym| I. sa. ke pradhAna amAtya nAnU ke Agraha se, yazodharacarita mahAkAvya 1898 / anya racanA- prinsa paMcAzat (prinsa oNpha velsa kI kA nirmANa 1659 meM kiyaa| stuti)| "rAjA" aura "sara" upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita / jJAnabhUSaNa (bhaTTAraka) - jJAnabhUSaNa nAmaka cAra pradhAna AcArya ThAkura omaprakAza zAstrI - I. 20 vIM shtii| hariyANA bhaTTAraka hue| unameM vimalendrakIrti ke ziSya bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa meM adhyApaka / "kSamAzIlo yudhiSThiraH" nAmaka rUpaka ke praNetA / adhika prasiddha haiN| gujarAta nivaasii| mUrtipratiSThApaka / golAlArIya DaDDA - cittor3a nivaasii| pitA-zrIpAla / jAti-prAgvATa (porvaadd)| jaati| draviDadeza mahArASTra aura rAjasthAna kaarykssetr| samaya- samaya- I. 11 vIM shtii| graMtha "paMcasaMpraha" jo prAkRta paMcasaMgraha vi.saM. 1500-1562 / prtisstthaacaary| racanAeM-AtmasaMbodhanakAvya, kA anuvAdasA lagatA hai| amitagati ne DaDDA ke "paMcasaMgraha" RSimaNDalapUjA, tattvajJAnataraMgiNI va pUjASTaka-TIkA, kA AdhAra lekara eka aura paMcasaMgraha racA hai| paMcakalyANakodyApanapUjA, neminirvANakAvya paMcikA TIkA, bhaktAmarapUjA, DAMge sadAziva aMbAdAsa - muMbaI vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta zrutapUjA, sarasvatIpUjA, sarasvatIstuti, zAstramaMDalapUjA, AdinAtha phAga, paramArthopadeza aadi| inake vibhaagaadhykss| racanA-bhAvacaSakaH rubAiyoM kA saMskRta padyoM evaM atirikta kucha hindI racanAeM bhI prApya haiN| hiMdI gadya meM anuvaad| jJAnavimalasUri - tapAgacchIya jaina vidvaan| aparanAma DAU, mAdhava nArAyaNa - dAravhA (vidarbha) ke nivAsI navavimalagaNi / vIra-vimala-gaNi ke ziSya / samaya- I. 17-18 vkiil| racanAeM- vinodlhrii| viSaya- hari-hara tathA umA-ramA vIM shtii| graMtha :- praznavyAkaraNa-sukhabodhikAvRtti / tarasipura meM kA parihAsagarbha sNvaad| inameM sAmAnya vyaktijIvana ke sukhadukha sukhasAgara ke sahayoga se likhita / (vi.saM. 1783) / graMthamAna kA hRdayasparzI citraNa karate hue kavi ne sAMsArika jIvana ko 7500 shlok| sukhI banAne ke liye paraspara AcArAtmaka upAya batAye haiN| inakA vinoda ucca koTi kA tathA vidvajjanoM kA mana prasanna jJAnazrI - baMgAla nivaasii| I. 10 vIM shtii| vikramazIla maTha ke dvaarpnnddit| "vRttimAlAzruti" ke rcyitaa| karane vAlA hai| isa para inake cacere bhAI kI TIkA hai| Degvekara pAMDuraMga zAstrI - puNe nivaasii| mRtyu dinAMka jJAnazrI - I. 14 vIM shtii| bauddhaacaary| mAdhavAcArya ne 24-11-1961 ko| paMDharapura meM vyAkaraNa, nyAya va vedAnta ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai| ye kSaNikavAda ke adhyaapk| harSadarzana nATaka aura kurukSetra (kAvya) ke praNetA / puraskartA the| inhoMne kAryakAraNabhAvasiddhi, kSaNabhaMgAdhyAya, manobodhaH (samartha rAmadAsasvAmI kRta) kA samavRta anuvAda / vyApticarcA, bhedAbhedaparIkSA, anupalabdhirahasya, apohapakaraNa, IzvaradUSaNa, yoganirNaya, sAkArasiddhi Adi graMtha likhe haiN| kucha DhuNDirAja - jyotiSa zAstra ke AcArya / pAthapurA ke nivAsI / vidvAnoM ke anusAra ye kAzmIra nivAsI the| pitA- nRsiMha daivjny| guru- jnyaanraaj| samaya I. 16 vIM shtii| 330/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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inhoMne "jAtakAbharaNa' nAmaka phalitajyotiSa ke eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha kI racanA kI hai jisameM do hajAra zloka haiN| DhuNDirAja vyAsa yajvA - pitA- lkssmnn| guru- tryNbk| nivAsa- svaamiimlai| racanA "zAhavilAsam", yaha saMgIta pradhAna kAvya zAhajI bhosale kA caritra varNana karatA hai| kavi kI anya racanAeM- "abhinava-kAdambarI' (kAvya) tathA vizakhAdatta ke "mudrArAkSasa'' para vidvanmAnya ttiikaa| Dhoka, bhAskara kezava - mhaaraassttriiy| "zrIkRSNadautya' nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| tapatItIravAsI- inhoMne apane mUla nAma kA nirdezana karate hue tapatItIravAsI isa nAma se hI apanA nirdeza kiyA hai| grantha-samartha rAmadAsa svAmI kRta manAce zloka nAmaka mahArASTra ke lokapriya graMtha kA manobodha nAma se anuvAda / tapezvarasiMha- gayA ke nivAsI, vakIla / racanA-punarmilanam jisameM rAdhA- mAdhava kA punarmilana citrita hai| atirikta racanA-haripriyA (khaNDakAvya, 108 shlok)| tapovanasvAmI- mlbaar-nivaasii| "Izvaradarzanam' yA "tapovanadarzanam" nAmaka kAvya meM kavi ne Atmacaritra likhA hai| 1950 I. meM likhita yaha kAvya tricUra meM prakAzita / saMskRta sAhitya meM Atmacaritrapara graMtha atIva durlabha hai| ataH inakA graMtha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| tAmpurAna- kerlnivaasii| 19 vIM shtii| cAra rattanAeM- (1) kirAtArjuna, (2) subhadrAharaNa, (3) dazakumAracarita aura (4) jarAsandhavadha / vyaayog| tAmhana, kezava gopAla (ma.ma.)- mArisa kAleja (navIna nAma, nAgapUra mahAvidyAlaya) ke bhUtapUrva praacaary| racanAeMkavitA-saMgraha (svaracita 24 kAvyoM kA saMgraha) jisameM devatA stotra, zrIrAmastava, zrIrAmASTaka, zrIrAmayaSTikam, zrIrAmastuti, tathA sthAnIya pramukha vyaktiyoM kI stuti prAsAdika bhASA meM likhI hai| tArAcandra (yA tArAcaraNa)- I. 19 vIM shtii| vArANasI nareza ke raajpnnddit| ma.ma. pramathanAtha tarkabhUSaNa ke pitaa| kRtiyAM- (kAvya)- kanakalatA, zRMgAra-ratnAkAra, kAnanazatakam (nisarga-varNanaparaka) aura rAmacandrajanma (bhaann)| tArAnAtha tarkavAcaspati- I. 1822-1885 1 bNgaalii| kRtiyAMAzubodha vyAkaraNa, zabdArtha-ratna, vRttaratnAkara-vivRtti / kumArasambhava, mAlavikAgnimitra, veNIsaMhAra, vikramorvazIya, tathA mudrArAkSasa, mahAvIracarita Adi nATakoM kI ttiikaaeN| tigmakavi- pitaa-jgguu| sthAna- indrpaalym| racanAsujanamanaHkumudacandrikA (apane pitAmaha ke janamanobhirAma nAmaka telugu kathAsaMgraha kA anuvAda / tirazcI- eka suukt-drssttaa| AMgirasa kulotpanna hone ke kAraNa inheM tirazcI AMgirasa kahate haiN| inake nAma para Rgveda meM 8-95 yaha indra-sUkta haiN| unhoMne svayaM ko eka siddhahasta sUktakAra batAyA hai| tirumala kavi- tirumalanAtha tathA trimalanAtha nAmoM se bhI jnyaat| pitA- bommakaNThi gNgaadhr| aandhr-prdeshii| "kuhanAbhaikSava prahasana' ke praNetA (san 1750) / tirumalAcArya- I. 17 vIM shtii| gotr-shNtthmrshn| telaMganA meM gaDabala ke nivaasii| aashrydaataa-paalbhuupaal| racanAkalyANapuraMjana (naattk)| tiruveMkaTatAtAdezika- nelor-nivaasii| racanAeM- nRsiMhazatakam, nakharazatakam aura stutimaalikaa| tulajarAya (tulAjI rAje bhosale)- taMjaura ke nresh| I. 1729 se 1735 / racanAeM-saMgIta-sArAmRta aura nATyavedAgama / tejobhAnu (paM)- raavlpinnddii-nivaasii| janma- 1880 ii.| pitA- pN.vissnnudtt| paMjAba meM saMskRta-pracAra kA mahat kArya kiyaa| khyAtiprApta racanAeM- viprapaMcadazI, zrIcandracaritam, statimuktAvalI, nItizatakam, vairaagyshtkm| isa zatakatraya ke lekhana se "abhinavabhartRhari" kI upAdhi prApta / toTakAcArya- I. 8 vIM shtii| Adya zaMkarAcAryajI ke caturtha shissy| mUla zubhanAma AnaMdagiri, kintu bAda meM kevala "giri" nAma se hI pahacAne jAne lge| zAMkarabhASya ke vyAkhyAkAra AnaMdagiri aura ye AnaMdagiri donoM bhinna haiN| Adya zaMkarAcAryajI ne inheM badarInArAyaNa ke jyotirmaTha kA pIThAdhikArI niyukta kiyA thaa| toTakAcArya ke nAma para aneka graMtha haiN| unakI pramukha racanA hai- tottkshlok| kAlanirNaya nAmaka graMtha bhI inhIMkA batAyA jAtA hai| inake zrutisArasamuddharaNa nAmaka graMtha meM 179 zloka toTaka chaMda meM haiM jinameM atyaMta subodha rIti se advaitavedAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isI ke kAraNa inheM toTakAcArya yaha upAdhi prApta huii| tyAgarAja- janma tiruvArura meM, I. sa. 1758 meM, vaidika brAhmaNa kula meN| pitA- rAmabrAhmaNa, / mAtA-pitA kA bAlapana meM dehAnta / kauTuMmbika pIDA kA anubhv| asIma raambhkti| bhaktiparaka gIta-racanA (aashurcnaa)| deza meM tathA bAhara bhI prsiddhi| uttarAyuSya meM saMnyAsa / mRtyu I. 1846 meN| prArambha kI gIta-racanA saMskRta meM huI hai| inake gIta dakSiNabhArata meM atyaMta lokapriya haiN| tyAgarAja makhI (rAjUzAstrigala)- mannAraguDI (tAmilanADU) ke zivAdvaita siddhAnta ke samarthanArtha "nyAyenduzekharaH" kI racanA kii| trilocanadAsa- I. 13 vIM shtii| amarakoza ke ttiikaakaar| trilocanAditya- I. 14 vIM shtii| divAkara (I. 1385) aura caritravardhana nAmaka TIkAkAroM dvArA ullekh| racanA- nATyAlocana aura locnvyaakhyaaNjn| trivikrama- I. 11 vIM shtii| gauDa braahmnn| anahilavADa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 331 For Private and Personal Use Only

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paTTana (gujarAta) ke nivaasii| pitA- raaghvaary| kRtiyAM- bRhavRtti (sArasvata vyAkaraNa para bhASya), udyota (kAtantravRtti para TIkA) aura vRtt-rtnaakr-taatpryttiikaa|| trivikrama- I. 19 vIM shtii| pitA-ciddhanAnanda / agrj-tryNbk| paMcAyudha-prapaMca bhANa ke rcyitaa| trivikrama paMDita- I. 13 vIM shtii| eka dvaitI aacaary| dakSiNa bhArata ke kaakmtth-nivaasii| pitA-subrahmaNyama bhaTTa, zrIviSNu kI upAsanA se, DhalatI Ayu meM unheM eka putra kI prApti huii| trivikrama bAlyAvasthA se hI buddhimAn the| unakA saMpUrNa adhyayana apane pitA ke hI mArgadarzana meM huaa| kAvyazAstra ke adhyayana kI samApti ke pazcAt unhoMne advaita vedAMta kA adhyayana prAraMbha kiyaa| kintu isa darzana ke kaI siddhAMtoM se ve sahamata na ho ske| ataH pitAjI kI anumati se ve bhaktimArga kI ora mudde| bAda meM eka bAra madhvAcAryajI se zAstrArtha meM parAjita hone para unhoMne unakA ziSyatva svIkAra karate hue unake mArgadarzana meM dvaitamata kA adhyayana prAraMbha kiyaa| alpAvadhi meM hI ve mAdhvamata ke bar3e paMDita bana ge| phira madhvAcArya kI AjJA se unhoMne AcAryajI ke bhASya para tattvapradIpa nAmaka eka TIkAgraMtha likhA, jise dekha madhvAcAryajI parama saMtuSTa hue| / inhoMne "uSAharaNa" nAmaka ekA kAvyagraMtha kI bhI racanA kI jo kAlidAsa ke zAkuMtala jaisA hI lokapriya huaa| ye AjIvana mAdhvamata kA pracAra karate rhe| trivikrama bhaTTa- I. 10 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| "nalacaMpU' nAmaka caMpU-kAvya ke rcyitaa| inakI yaha kRti saMskRta sAhitya kA prathama aura utkRSTa caMpU-kAvya hai| inhoMne apane "nalacaMpU" meM apane kula-gotrAdi kA jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, usake anusAra inakA janma zAMDilya gotra meM huA thaa| pitAmaha-zrIdhara / pitA-nemAditya yA devAditya / rASTrakUTavaMzIya nRpa iMdrarAja tRtIya ke sbhaa-pNddit| iMdrarAja tRtIya ne apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke avasara para aneka prakAra ke dAna diye the jinakA ullekha abhilekha meM kiyA gayA hai aura una prazastiyoM ke lekhaka trivikrama bhaTTa hI haiM zrItrivikramabhaTTena nemAdityasya sUnunA / katA zastA prazasteyamiMdrarAjAGaghrisevayA / / iMdrarAja kI prazasti ke zloka kI zleSamayI zailI, "nalacaMpU" ke zleSabahula padyoM se sAmya rakhatI hai |trivikrmbhtttt ke nAma para eka anya graMtha bhI pracalita hai jisakA nAma hai "mdaalsaa-cNpuu"| kintu tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para / donoM kAvyoM kA lekhaka eka hI vyakti siddha nahIM hotaa| saMskRta sAhitya meM zleSa-prayoga ke liye inakI adhika prazasti hai| inakA "nalacaMpU' kAvya adhUrA hai| usake adhUre rahane ke bAre meM eka kiMvadaMtI pracalita hai - "kisI samaya samasta zAstroM meM niSNAta devAditya (nemAditya) nAmaka eka rAjapaMDita the| unakA putra trivikrama thaa| prAraMbha meM usane kukarma hI sIkhe the, kisI zAstra kA adhyayana nahIM kiyA thaa| eka samaya kisI kAryavaza devAditya dUsare gAMva cale ge| rAjanagara meM unakI anupasthiti jAna kara eka vidvAna rAjabhavana AyA va rAjA se bolA- rAjan mere sAtha kisI vidvAn kA zAstrArtha karAiye, anyathA mujhe vijaya-patra dIjiye |raajaa ne dUta ko Adeza diyA ki vaha devAditya ko bulA laaye| rAjadUta dvArA jaba yaha jJAta huA ki devAditya kahIM bAhara gae haiM, to usane unake putra trivikrama ko hI zAstrArtha ke lie bulavA liyaa| trivikrama bar3I ciMtA meM pdde| zAstrArtha kA nAma sunate hI unakA mAthA tthnkaa| aMtataH unhoMne sarasvatI kI stuti kii| taba pitRparaMparA se pUjita kuladevI sarasvatI ne unheM vara diyA - "jaba taka tumhAre pitA lauTa kara nahIM Ate, maiM tumhAre mukha meM nivAsa kruuNgii"| isa vara ke prabhAva se rAjasabhA meM apane pratidvaMdvI ko parAjita kara rAjA dvArA bahuvidha sammAna prApta kara trivikrama ghara lautte| ghara Akara unhoMne socA ki pitAjI ke Agamana-kAla tara sarasvatI mere mukha meM raheMgI, yaza ke liye meM koI prabaMdha kyoM na likha ddaaluu| ataH unhoMne puNyazloka rAjA nala ke cAritra ko gadya-padya meM likhanA prAraMbha kiyaa| isa prakAra 7 veM ucchvAsa kI samApti ke dina unake pitAjI kA Agamana ho gayA aura sarasvatI unake mukha ke bAhara calI gii| isI liye unakA "nalacampU" kAvya adhUrA raha gyaa| parantu isa kiMvadaMtI meM adhika sAra nahIM hai kyoM ki trivikrama bhaTTa kI anya racanAeM bhI prApta hotI haiN| "nalacampU" ke TIkAkAra caNDapAla ne inakI prazasti meM nimna zloka likhA hai - zaktistrivikramasyeva jiiyaallokaatilNdhinii| damayaMtI-prabaMdhena sadA blimtorjitaa|| suprasiddha jyotirgaNitI bhAskarAcArya ke ye chaTaveM pUrvaja the| bhAskarAcArya ke pote caMgadeva ke pATana-zilAlekha ke anusAra inheM "kavicakravartI" yaha viruda prApta huA thaa| inakA gharAnA sahyaparvatAzrita vijalaviDa nAmaka gAMva kA nivAsI rhaa| unake gharAne meM jJAnopAsanA kI paraMparA sAta-ATha pIDhiyoM taka calI aisA pratIta hotA hai| nalacaMpU, saMskRta caMpUsAhitya kA haka uttama graMtha hai| isakA dUsarA nAma hai dmyNtiikthaa| trivikrama ke madAlasAcaMpU ke viSaya meM kucha bhI jAnakArI upalabdha nhiiN| triveNI - I. 1817 se 1883 / upendrapura ke vidvAna anantAcArya kI knyaa| peraMbudUra ke prativAdibhayaMkara veMkaTAcArya pati / vaidhavya dazA meM apane ArAdhya daivata kA mandira zAsakIya sAhAyya se bnvaayaa| 19 vIM sadI kI prasiddha lekhikaa| racanAeM - lakSmIsahasram aura rNgnaathshsrm| 332 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra trivedI lakSmInArAyaNa (sAhityAcArya) jayapura nivaasii| racanA- purusikNdriiym| viSaya- puru tathA siMkadara kI aitihAsika ghaTanA anya racanAeM (1) vAgIzvarIstavarAja (2) Rtuvilasita (kAvya), (3) svarNeSTakIya (nATaka), (4) tribhaNDaghaTTaka (bhANa), (5) zizuvilasita (hindI chanda meM saMskRta kAvya ) / trailokyamohana guha ( niyogI) I. 19-20 vIM zatI / "meghadautya" nAmaka dUtakAvya ke racayitA / pAbanA (baMgAla) ke nivAsI / * www.kobatirth.org - tryaMbaka pitA zrIdhara racanA- zrInivAsakAvyam / tryaMbaka pitA - padmanAbha / racanA - zrInivAsakAvyam daNDanAtha nArAyaNa bhaTTa sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa kI vyAkhyA hRdayahAriNI ke racayitA / hRdayahAriNI sahita sarasvatI- kaMThAbharaNa ke sampAdaka kA mata hai ki nArAyaNa bhaTTa bhoja ke senApati vA nyAyadhIza the / samaya- I. 14 vIM zatI / - daMDI I. 6 vIM va 7 vIM zatI eka prasiddha saMskRta mahAkavi aura kAvyazAstrajJa / inhoMne apane graMthoM meM mahArASTrI prAkRta kI prazaMsA kI hai, vaidarbhI rIti ko zreSTha mAnA hai aura AMdhra, cola, kaliMga va vidarbha-pradezoM kA vipula varNana kiyA hai| unake kAvya meM kAverI nadI tathA dAkSiNAtya rIti-rivAjoM kA aneka sthAnoM para ullekha milatA hai| isa AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne unheM dAkSiNAtya mAnA hai| daMDI ke prapitAmaha dAmodara pitAmaha manoratha, pitAvIradatta aura mAM kA nAma gaurI thaa| yaha jAnakArI unakI avaMtisudarIkathA meM milatI hai| tadanusAra kAMcIsthita pallava - rAjasabhA meM Apa kavi the| unake jIvanakAla ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai, kintu bahusaMkhya abhyAsaka unheM chaThI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kA mAnate haiN| daMDI ke nAma para prasiddha aneka graMthoM meM se kevala do hI upalabdha haiN| unameM se prathama kAvyAdarza graMtha hai kAvyazAstraviSayaka, aura dUsarA dazakumAracarita hai-gadya kAvyarUpa kathA | svataMtra kAvyacarcA ke prAraMbhika kAla meM racita kAvyAdarza graMtha ko saMskRta sAhityazAstra ke itihAsa meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna tathA vidvajjanoM meM Adara prApta hai| vaidarbhI zailI meM likhe gae gadyaSedha dazakumAracarita kA padalAlitya rasikoM ko mugdha karane vAlA hai| isIliye "daMDinaH padalAlityam" kaha kara saMskRta ke rasikoM ne daNDI kI zailI kA gaurava kiyA hai| kiMvadaMtI kI paraMparA ke anusAra inhoMne 3 prabaMdhoM kI racanA kI thii| inameM pahalA "dazakumAracarita" hai, va dUsarA "kaavyaadrsh"| tIsarI racanA ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| pAzcAtya paMDita pizela kA kahanA hai ki inakI tIsarI racanA "mRcchakaTika' hI hai, jo bhramavaza zUdraka kI racanA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| kucha vivdAnoM ne "chaMdoviciti" ko inakI tRtIya kRti mAnA hai, kyoM ki isakA saMketa "kAvyAMdarza" meM bhI prApta hotA hai| para DaoN. kItha ke anusAra "chaMdoviciti" va "kAlapariccheda" daMDI kI svataMtra racanA na hokara kAvyAdarza ke do pariccheda the| adhikAMza vidvAna "avantisuMdarIkathA" ko unakI tIsarI kRti mAnate haiM, jo eka apUrNa graMtha hai| avantisuMdarI - kathA meM daMDI ke jIvana carita ke bAre meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| isake navIna pATha ke anusAra, bhAravi, daMDI ke prapitAmaha dAmodara ke mitra the| daMDI, bANa va harSavardhana ke pUrvavatIM hai, aura unakA samaya 600 I. ke AsapAsa nizcita hotA hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir abhivyaMjanA zailI ke nirvAha meM saMtulana upasthita kara daMDI ne saMskRta meM navIna paddhati prAraMbha kI hai| caritra-citraNa kI viziSTatA, daMDI kI nijI vizeSatA hai| inake bAre meM kaI prazAstiyAM prApta hotI haiM yathA jAte jagati vAlmIkau zabdaH kaviriti sthiraH / vyAse jAte kavI caiti kavayazceti daNDini / / 1 datta upAdhyAya san 1275-1310 eka dharmazAstrakAra / mithilA ke nivAsI inhoMne dharmazAstra para AcArAdarza, chAndogADika, pitRbhakti, zuddhinirNaya, zrAddhakalpa, samayapradIpa, vrattasAra Adi aneka saMskRta graMtha likhe haiN| chAMdogAhnika va zrAdhdakalpa ye graMtha sAmavedI logoM ke liye hai aura unameM nityakarmaviSayaka jAnakArI hai| pitRbhakti va AcArAdarza graMtha haiM yajurvedI logoM ke liye / pitRbhakti nAmaka graMtha ke aneka uddharaNa rudradhara ne upayoga meM liye haiN| samayapradIpa tathA vratasAra nAmaka graMthoM meM vratoM, vrata-tithiyoM Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dattaka mathurA ke eka brAhmaNa ke putra janma pATaliputra meM / mAtA kI mRtyu se anya brAhmaNI dvArA paaln| isaliye dattaka / vezyA vyavasAya para prabandha racanA kintu apraapt| kevala do dattakasUtra, zyAmilaka aura Izvaradata dvArA nirdiSTa hai| gaMgaveza ke mAdhavavarmA dvitIya ne dattaka-sUtra para vRtti likhI (samaya I. 380 ) / kevala do adhyAyoM kI chandobaddha vRtti upalabdha / saMbhavataH dattaka-mata para AdhArita yaha lekhaka kI svataMtra racanA ho / dattAtreya kavi "dattAtreyacampU" nAmaka kAvya ke racayitA / samaya 17 vIM zatAbdI kA aMtima caraNa / pitA vIrarAghava / mAtA - kuppammA / guru- miinaakssyaacaary| inhoMne apane campU- kAvya meM viSNu ke avatAra dattAtreya kA varNana kiyA hai| dattila eka nATyAcArya va saMgItAcArya DaoN. dIkSita ke anusAra kohala ke bAda dattila (yA detila) hI sarvAdhika khyAta AcArya rahe haiN| dhRvA ke sambandha meM dattila ke mata kA ullekha abhinavagupta ne kiyA hai rasArNavasudhAkara meM tathA kuTTanImatam meM bhI inakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| rAmakRSNa kavi ne dattila ke "gAMdharva-vedAsAra" nAmaka graMtha kA ullekha For Private and Personal Use Only - saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 333

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kiyA hai| kAmasUtra ke anusAra pATaliputra kI gaNikAoM ke unhoMne agni se prArthanA kI hai ki vaha mRtaka ke kalevara ke anurodha para kAmazAstra ke vaizika adhyAya kI racanA dattaka kisI bhI bhAga ko idhara yA udhara na hone dete hue use pUrNataH me kI thii| ye dattaka, daMtila yA dattila se abhinna the yA dagdha kare aura use pitaroM ke loka meM le jAkara chodd'e| nahIM yaha saMdigdha hai| abhinavabhAratI kI bar3odA meM surakSita jisa mRtaka kI deha ko agni ne dagdha kiyA, usake liye pAMDulipi meM Atodya tathA tAla ke prasaMga meM dattila ke aneka aMta meM damana ne yaha AzvAsana mAMgA hai ki dahanabhUmi para padya uddhRta haiN| isase kevala yaha suspaSTa hai ki ye bhI eka punaH dUrvAkuroM kI hariyAlI phaile aura vallariyoM kI AlhAdadAyaka nATyAcArya the| dattila ko AcArya vizvezvara ne bharata kA pUrvavartI zItalatA chaae| mAnA hai paraMtu bAbUlAla zukla ne samakAlIna mAnA hai| surendranAtha ___ isa prakAra eka mRta saMbaMdhI ke prati snehabhAvanA se sarobAra dIkSita kA bhI yahI mata hai| zrI. zukla ke anusAra AcArya hone ke kAraNa isa sUkta ko kAvyAtmakatA prApta huI hai| damana dattila kA "dattila-kohalIyam" nAmaka nRtyakalA viSayaka graMtha ko yama kA putra mAnA jAtA hai| hai jisakI aprakAzita pANDulipi taMjaura ke granthAgAra meM vidyamAna dayAnaMda sarasvatI - samaya- 1824-1883 ii.| mUla nAma hai| "dattilam" nAmaka prasiddha tathA sarvavidita prApya saMgIta mUlazaMkara (muuljii)| pitA- aMbAzaMkara, sAmazAkhIya audIcya graMtha kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nATyazAstra ke saMgItakalA brAhmaNa / karmaTha, dharmaniSTha, saMpanna zaiva parivAra meM janma / janmasthAna viSayaka 28 veM adhyAya meM dattila ke mata kA ullekha prAyaH moravI (kaatthiyaavaadd)| pitA ke pAsa ATha varSa kI Ayu meM 14 bAra kiyA gayA hai, tathA usake kucha uddharaNa bhI haiN| hI yajurveda kA adhyayana tathA vyAkaraNa se pricy| choTI bharata ke eka putra ko inhoMne saMgIta sikhAyA thaa| bharata ne bahana tathA pitRvya kI mRtyu ke kAraNa saMsAra se virakti / apane graMtha meM dattilAcArya kA ullekha kiyA hai| gRh-tyaag| svAmI pUrNAnaMda se sana 1845 meM saMnyAsa- dIkSA daphtaradAra, viThobAaNNA - san 1813-1873 / eka mahArASTrIya / svAmI virajAnaMda ke pAsa vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana / rcnaaeNkvi| inakA janma bedare upanAmaka zAMDilyagotra ke dezastha satyArtha-prakAza, saMskAra-vidhi, RgvedAdi-bhASya-bhUmikA, grAmhaNa-parivAra meM ka-hADa meM huA thaa| mUlataH unakA gharAnA Rgveda-bhASya, yajurveda-bhASya, uNAdikoza-vRtti aadi| bedara kA, kintu inake pitAmaha pezavA kI sevA meM kahADa Arya-samAja ke saMsthApaka, vedoM ke Adhunika bhASyakAra aura vibhAga ke daphtaradAra bane aura ka-hADa hI meM yaha gharAnA basa mahAn samAja-sudhAraka ke nAte suprsiddh| guru virajAnaMda kI gyaa| tabhI se inakA parivAra bedare ke badale daphtaradAra-upanAma icchA ke anusAra kI huI pratijJAnusAra unhoMne apanA pUrA se pahacAnA jAne lgaa| jIvana satya ke pracAra, mUrtipUjA va aMdha rUDhiyoM ke khaMDana-uccATana viThobAaNNA ne saMskRta evaM marAThI zreSTha kaviyoM kI racanAoM tathA vaidika jJAna kI punaHsthApanA ke hetu samarpita kara diyA thaa| kA sUkSma adhyayana kiyA thaa| apanI rasIlI vANI se ve dayAnaMdajI kA janma vedavidyA ke hAsakAla meM huA purANoM kA kathana bhI kiyA karate the| apane vaktRtva ko saMgIta thaa| aMgrejI vidyA bar3I tejI se bhArata meM pratiSThita hone lagI se sajA kara, unhoMne kIrtana-kalA meM bhI prAvINya prApta kiyA ___ thii| apanI bhAratIya vidyA ke saMbaMdha meM udAsInatA bhI usI thaa| bacapana se hI ve Azukavi the| unhoMne saMskRta meM aneka taraha phaila rahI thii| aise samaya dayAnandajI prakaTa hue aura kAvyoM kI racanA kii| ve bhagavAna rAma ke upAsaka the| unhoMne unhoMne Rgveda aura yajurveda para bhASya-racanA kara veda-vidyA para apanI rAmabhakti, apane kAvya meM aneka prakAra se vyakta kI nayA prakAza ddaalaa| hai| unhoMne gajendracaMpU, suzlokalAghava, heturAmAyaNa, vedoM meM ekezvara-upAsanA hI pratipAdita hai, yaha unakA mantavya prabodhotsavalAghava, sAdhupArSadalAghava Adi dasa-bAraha saMskRta thaa| sAyaNa-sadRza pUrvavartI bhASyoM se unhoMne kucha sahAyatA lI kAvya-graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| unake marAThI kAvya para bhI kintu artha kA vyAkhyAna svataMtra rUpa se kiyaa| karma, upAsanA saMskRta kA kAphI prabhAva hai| va jJAnakANDa kA adhika vistAra na kara unhoMne saMhitAmaMtroM ke apanI Ayu ke sAThaveM varSa, caitra vadya ekAdazI ke dina mUla artha kI khoja karane para hI adhika dhyAna diyaa| ataH prAtaH inhoMne ihaloka choddaa| apane kIrtanoM ko prabhAvazAlI pUrvavartI bhASyakAroM kA unhoMne ucita sthala, para khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| banAne hetu mahArASTra ke kIrtanakAra Aja bhI viThobAaNNA ke unake mata se aruci rakhane vAle abhyAsaka bhI unakI saMskRta ba marAThI kAvya kA sahArA liyA karate haiN| asAdhAraNa vidvattA, alaukika pratibhA, utkRSTa vaktRtva va damA - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke solahaveM sUkta ke draSTA vAkyaTutA, svadezAbhimAna aura parama vedaniSThA ko sadaiva mAnate kintu Rgveda meM inakA kahIM para bhI nAmollekha nhiiN| apane rheNge| pratikUla kAla meM unhoMne vedaniSThA jagAI aura vedavidyA eka mRta saMbaMdhI ke kalevara ko bhasmasAt karane vAlI agni ke rakSaNa ke lie tathA vedAnukUla samAja-sudhAra ke lie Arya ko saMbodhita karate hue isa sUkta kI racanA damana ne kI hai| samAja jaisI prabhAvI saMghaTanA kI sthApanA kii| 334 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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dayAlapAla muni - racanA- rUpasiddhi (zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa dAnazekharasuri- tapAgacchIya hemavimala sUri ke samakAlIna / kA prkriyaa-grnth)| isake atirikta do TIkAkAroM ne prakriyA jina mANikyagaNi ke praziSya aura anantahaMsagaNi ke ziSya / graMtha kI racanA kI hai| abhayacandrAcArya (prakriyAsaMgraha), aura graMtha :- bhgvtii-vishesspd-vyaakhyaa| saMbaddha viSayoM kA vistRta bhAvasena vidyadeva (zAkaTAyana ttiikaa)| rUpasiddhi prakAzita vivecana isa graMtha meM kiyA hai| hai para zeSa do aprApya haiN| bhAvasena ko "vAdiparvatavajra' bhI dAmodara- I. 17 vIM shtii| gujarAta ke saMnyAsI kvi| vedoM kahate haiN| ke upaask| racanA- "pAkhaNDa-dharma-khaNDana" nAmaka tIna aMkI dave, jayantakRSNa harikRSNa - kAryavAha, saMskRta vizva prissd|| naattk| kRti-somanAtha pratiSThApana ke prasaMga para racita somraajstvH|| dAmodara- puSTi-mArga (vallabha-saMpradAya) kI mAnyatA ke anusAra 40 zlokoM kA shivstotr| bhAratIya vidyAbhavana dvArA AMglAnuvAda bhAgavata kI mahAparANatA ke pakSa meM sahita prakAzita / muMbaI ke bhAratIya vidyAbhavana ke nideshk|| "zrImadbhAgavata-nirNaya-siddhAnta" nAmaka laghu kalevara graMtha ke aMgrejI meM likhe hue aneka zodhalekha prakAzita haiN| zaMkarAcArya lekhk| prastuta kRti eka svalpAkAra gadyAtmaka racanA hai jisase dvArA mahAmahopAdhyAya upAdhi prApta / dAmodara dvArA purANoM ke vistRta anuzIlana kiye jAne kA dAMDekara, rAmacaMdra nArAyaNa (padmabhUSaNa)- janma- sana 1901 meM, paricaya milatA hai| sAtArA (mahArASTra) meN| Dekkana kaoNleja (puNe) meM ucca zikSA dAmodarazarmA gauDa (paM.)- vaidy| vArANasI meM vAstavya / grhnn| 1931 meM hiDalabarga (jarmanI) meM em. e. upAdhi tathA e.em.es.| racanA-abhinava-zArIram (pRSTha 582, zvetakRSNa tathA 1938 meM vahIM para pIeca.DI. upAdhi praapt| 1932 se 50 raMgIna citroM va AkRtiyoM sahita) / vaidyanAtha AyurvedIya prakAzana / taka phargyusana kAleja (puNe) meM saMskRta ke aacaary| 1939 1975 ii.| se bhAMDArakara prAcyavidyA saMsthAna ke satata avaitanika sciv| dAmodarazAstrI- samaya- 1848-1909 I. meM nUtana vicAroM se Dekkana ejyukezana sosAiTI ke mNtrii| 1964 se 74 taka puNe saMbaMdhita pAkSika patra "vidyArthI' kA sampAdana kara Apane vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta uccAdhyayana keMdra ke nideshk| vizva ke sabhI dezoM meM, jahAM bhI saMskRta ke sammelana hue, vahAM saMskRta sAhitya kI apUrva sevA kI hai| unake dvArA racita, bhArata ke pratinidhi hokara sahabhAgI hue| videzoM meM sarvatra "bAlakhelam" nAmaka pAMca aMkoM vAlA nATaka, zrIgaMgASTakam tathA jagannAthASTakam Adi aSTaka, kAlidAsa va harSavardhana kI mAnyatA praapt| 1943 se a. bhAratIya prAcyavidyA pariSad ke zailiyoM kA apanA kara likhI gayI "candrAvali" nATikA ke saciva kA daayitv| vizva saMskRta sammelana, vArANasI-adhivezana atirikta dArzanika siddhAntoM ke vivecana meM "ekAntavAsaH" ke adhykss| avakAza prApti ke bAda puNe vizvavidyAlaya meM nAmaka nibaMdha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| "emeriTas prophesara" pada prApta / ina vividha saMmAnoM ke atirikta 1973 meM iNTaranezanala yUniyana phAra orieMTala aeNNDa eziyana diGnAga- "kundamAlA" nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| isa nATaka sTaDIja ke adhyakSa, yUnesko ke janarala aseMblI oNpha dI kI kathA "rAmAyaNa" para AdhRta hai| rAmacaMdra-guNacaMdra dvArA iMTara nezanala kaunsila phaoNra philaoNsAphI aeNNDa hyUmenisTika racita "nATya-darpaNa" meM "kuMdamAlA" kA ullekha hai| ataH sTaDIja ke sadasya, ityAdi vividha prakAra ke durlabha sammAna inakA samaya 1000 I. ke nikaTa mAnA gayA hai| bauddha nyAya DaoN. dANDekarajI ko prApta hue| graMtha- dera vedika (1938), ke janaka AcArya diGnAga se ye bhitra haiN| jJAnadIpikA (Adiparva) 1941, e hisTrI Aph guptAj 1941, diGnAga- ucca brAhmaNa-kula meM jnm| baudhdanyAya ke janaka / progresa oNpha iMDika sTaDIja (1942), rasaratnadIpikA (1945), dIkSA ke pUrva kA nAma nAgadatta / ye dakSiNI brAhmaNa the| janma vaidika bibliogrAphI, prathama khaMDa (1951), dvitIya khaMDa kAMcI ke nikaTa siMhavakra nAmaka gAMva meN| prAraMbha meM ve (1961), tRtIya khaMDa (1973), nyU lAiTa oNn vaidika hInayAna saMpradAyAMtargata vAtsIputrIya zAkhA ke nAgadatta ke ziSya mAithaoNlAjI (1951), zrautakoSa-tIna khaNDo meM (1958-73), the| pazcAt tripiTaka kA sUkSma adhyayana karane ke bAda unhoMne kriTikala eDizana oNpha dI mahAbhArata zalyaparva (1961), mahAyAna paMtha meM praveza kiyA aura ve AcArya vasubaMdhu ke anuzAsanaparva (1966), subhASitAvalI (1962), sam AspekTas ziSya bne| vasubaMdhu ke mArgadarzana meM unhoMne mahAyAna paMtha ke oNpha hisTri oNpha hiMduIjma (1967), isa bahumUlya vAGmaya sabhI pramANabhUta graMtho kA adhyayana kiyaa| kahate haiM ki una sevA ke atirikta deza-videza kI aneka zodha patrikAoM tathA para bodhisattva maMjuzrI kI asIma kRpA thii| ataH unheM kucha abhinaMdana graMthoM meM DaoN. dANDekarajI ke aneka vidvattApUrNa nibaMdha bhI agamya na rahatA thaa| unakI tIkSNa buddhi tathA prakAMDa prakAzita hue haiN| saMskRta vAGmaya kI sevA Apane kevala pAMDitya kI kIrti jaba nAlaMdA pahuMcI, to nAlaMdA vidyApITha aMgrejI ke mAdhyama se kii| saMskRta bhASA meM ApakI koI ke AcArya ne unheM vahAM sAdara AmaMtrita kiyaa| vahAM pahuMca racanA nhiiN| kara unhoMne sudurjaya nAmaka eka vaidikadharmIya tArkika ko tathA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 335 For Private and Personal Use Only

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anya vaidika paMDitoM ko vAda-vivAda meM parAbhUta kiyaa| isa ityaadi| vijaya ke kAraNa unheM tarkapuMgava yaha viruda evaM "paMDitoSNISa" inhoMne bauddhanyAya ko suvyavasthita karane meM pUrNa yoga diyA / nAmaka zirobhUSaNa prApta hue| tathA gautama aura vAtsyAyana ke paMcAvayava-vAkya kA khaNDana taduparAMta diGnAga ne mahArASTra aura uDIsA-pradezoM meM saMcAra kara, anumAna ke lie tIna avayava hI paryApta haiM yaha pramANita karate hue aneka jaina paMDitoM ko vAda-vivAda meM parAjita kiyaa| kiyA / mahArASTra ke AcArya vihAra meM ve dIrgha kAla taka rahe th| dinakara- I. 19 vIM shtii| pitA-ananta (mahAn gnnitjny)| diGnAga ne nyAyazAstra para nyAyapraveza, hetucakraDamaru, racanAeM- grahavijJAna-sAriNI, mAsa-praveza-sAriNI, lagna-sAriNI, pramANazAstra, AlaMbanaparIkSA, pramANasamuccaya Adi aneka saMskRta krAntisAriNI, dRkkarmasAriNI, candrodayAMkajAlam, grahamAnajAlam, graMthoM kI racanA kii| kintu kevala "nyAyapraveza" ke atirikta pAtasAriNI-TIkA aura yntr-cittaamnni-ttiikaa| unakA anya koI bhI graMtha mUla svarUpa meM upalabdha nhiiN| dinakarabhaTTa- I. 17 vIM shtii| eka saMskRta dharmanibaMdhakAra / unake kucha graMthoM ke tibbatI bhASAnuvAda dikhAI dete haiN| diGnAga inheM divAkarabhaTTa bhI kahate haiN| nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA evaM kA mukhya graMtha hai "prmaannsmuccy"| chaha paricchedoM meM vibhAjita dharma zAstroM ke ve prakAMDa paMDita the| kahA jAtA hai ki ve yaha graMtha, pramANoM ke saMbaMdha meM samaya-samaya para race gaye zivAjI mahArAja ke Azrita the| unake bhAI lakSmaNabhaTTa ne zlokoM kA saMgraha hai| apane isa graMtha meM diGnAga ne, do apane AcAraratna nAmaka graMtha meM unakI stuti nimna zabdoM meM kI haipUrvAcAryoM, vAtsyAyana aura gautama kA khaMDana kiyA hai| DA. ____ "jisa prakAra AdivarAha ne jala meM DUbI huI pRthvI ko kItha, pro. mekDonela prabhRti ke anusAra inakA samaya 400 I. hai| Upara nikAlA, usI prakAra jisane apane kula kI pratiSThA ko san 557 se 569 taka ke kAlakhaMDa meM, diGnAga ke ucca pada taka pahuMcAyA aura jisase gaMgA ke samAna (pavitra) do graMthoM kA anuvAda cInI bhASA meM kiyA gayA thaa| vidyA prasRta huI, usa jyeSTha bhrAtA kI arthAt bhaTTa divAkara pramANasamuccaya kA tibbatI anuvAda tibbatI rAjAlAmA de-pa-ze-kha kI, meM stuti karatA huuN|" ke sahayoga se hemavarmA nAmaka eka bhAratIya bauddha paMDita ne __dinakara bhaTTa ne zAstradIpikA para bhaTTa-dinakaramImAMsA athavA kiyaa| graMtha kA tibbatI nAma hai che-m-kuNt-ii| bhATTadinakarI, zAMtisAra, dinakarodyota athavA bhATTa dinakarodyAMta diGnAga atyaMta vAdanipuNa evaM Akramaka pravRtti ke paMDita ye graMtha likhe haiN| kintu kahA jAtA hai ki inameM se aMtima the| unake pazcAt hue udyotakara, vAcaspati mizra, kumArila graMtha unake hAthoM se pUrA na ho sakA thaa| use unake suprasiddha bhaTTa, surezvarAcArya prabhRti vaidika paMDitoM tathA prabhAcandra, vidyAnaMda putra vizvezvara (gAgAbhaTTa kAzIkara) ne pUrA kiyaa| prabhRti jaina dArzanikoM ne diGnAga ke matoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai| inakA nirvANa uDIsA ke eka vana meM huaa| dilIpakumAra rAya- I. 20 vIM shtii| dvijendralAla rAya ke putra / racanA- pitA kI baMgAlI kavitAoM ke saMskRta-anuvAda / inheM bauddha nyAya kA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| prAcIna naiyAyikoM meM diGnAga kA sthAna atyaMta ucca hai| itsiMga ke divAkara- jyotiSazAstra ke eka aacaary| samaya I. 17 vIM AlekhAnusAra, unake graMthoM ko bhAratIya vidyA-kendroM meM pAThyagraMthoM shtii| inake cAcA ziva devajJa atyaMta prasiddha jyotiSI the| kA sthAna prApta thaa| gaMgeza upAdhyAya ke kAla taka (san divAkara ne inhIM se jyotiSa zAstra kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| 1200) bhAratIya nyAyavidyA ke kSetra meM diGnAga kA hI sAmrAjya inhoMne "jAtaka-paddhati" nAmaka phalita jyotiSa ke graMtha kI racanA kI hai| isake atirikta "makaraMda-vivaraNa" va rhaa| kezavIya-paddhati" nAmaka TIkAgraMthoM kI bhI inhoMne racanA kI diGnAga ke jIvana ke vAstavya kA adhikAMza kAla uDIsA hai| inakA dUsarA maulika graMtha hai "paddhati-prakAza" jisakI meM rhaa| ye maMtrataMtra-vizeSajJa bhI the| uDIsA ke arthamaMtrI sodAharaNa TIkA inhoMne svayaM hI likhI hai| bhadrapAlita (jise inhoMne bauddha dIkSA dI thIM) ke sUkhe harItakI-vRkSa ko Apane prayoga se harA-bhArA kiyaa| inakI divAkara- pitaa-vishveshvr| racanA-rAghavacampU / ziSya-zAkhA meM dharmakIrti, zAntarakSita, kamalazIla, zaMkarasvAmI divekara, hari rAmacaMdra (DaoN)- samaya- I. 20 vIM shtii| jaise vidvAna the| gvaaliyr-nivaasii| prayAga vi.vi. se ema.e.DI.liT. / madhyabhArata racanAeM- nyAyadarzana para inake dvArA lagabhaga sau graMtha racita / meM sarvocca zaikSaNika padoM para rAjakIya sevA meM rata rhe| haiM, jinameM pramukha graMtha haiM- (1) pramANasamuccaya, (2) "kAlidAsamahotsavam" nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| vaidika tathA pramANasamuccaya-vRtti, (3) nyAyapraveza, (4) hetucakraDamaru, (5) aitihAsika viSayoM para inhoMne aneka maulika zodhanibaMdha likhe haiN| pramANazAstra-nyAyapraveza, (6) AlambanaparIkSA, (7) divya AMgirasa- Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala kA 107 vAM sUkta AlambanaparIkSAvRtti, (8) trikAlaparIzrA aura (9) marmapradIpavRtti inake nAma para hai| dakSiNA kI mahimA hai sUkta kA viSaya / 336 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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inake kathanAnusAra devatAoM ke liye kiye jAne vAle yajJa meM dI jAne vAlI dakSiNA meM daivI pravRtti kI pUrNatA hotI hai| dakSiNA ke kAraNa prApta hone vAlI aneka bAteM Apane nimna RcA meM batAI haiM dakSiNAvAn prathamo hUta eti dakSiNAvAn grAmINaragrameMti / tameva manye nRpatiM janAnAM yaH prathamo dakSiNAmAvivAya / / (R. 10-107-5) artha- jo dakSiNA detA hai, usI kA nAma (logoM ke mukhoM para) prathama AtA hai| jo dakSiNA arpaNa karatA hai, vahI apane gAvaM meM netA kahalA kara zreSTha padavI prApta karatA hai| sarvaprathama va bharapUra dakSiNA dene vAle puruSa ko hI meM janatA kA rAjA mAnatA huuN| isa sUkta ke aMta meM dAnamAhAtmya kA varNana bhI hai| dIkSita rAjacUDAmaNi (yajJanArAyaNa)- I. 17 vIM shtii| inheM yajJanArAyaNa ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne tIna graMthoM kI racanA kI hai- jaiminisUtra para taMtrarakSaNAmaNi nAmaka TIkA, kapUravAtika aura jamini ke saMkarSaNakAMDa (yA devatA kAMDa) para saMkarSaNa nyAyamuktAvali nAmaka ttiikaa| inhoMne eka saMskRta nATikA bhI likhI hai| dIkSita samarapuMgava- I. 17 vIM shtii| racanA-tIrthayAtrA-praMbadha (aneka tIrthakSetroM tathA mandiroM kA kAlpanika varNana isameM hai)| dInadvija- I. 19 vIM zatI kA prathama crnn| asm-nivaasii| sandikevaMzIya rAjA baraphukana dvArA sammAnita / "zaMkhacUDavadha' nAmaka AMkiyA nATaka ke racayitA / racanAkAla- san 1803 ii.| dIrghatamA- Rgveda ke prathama maMDala ke 140 se 164 taka ke 25 sUktoM ke Apa draSTA haiN| AMgirasa gotra ke dIghatarmA, utathya va mamatA ke putra the| apane cAcA bRhaspati ke zApa se ve janmAMdha the| tadviSayaka eka kathA bRhadevatA meM milatI hai| mAtA ke garbha meM hI unheM saMpUrNa vedavidyA avagata ho cukI thii| unhoMne agni kI prArthanA kI aura usakI kRpA se unheM dRSTi prApta huii| ___ inakI patnI kA nAma thA prdvessii| usase inheM gautama prabhRti aneka putra hue| kintu apane kula ke atyadhika vistAra hetu inhoMne goratividyA prApta kI, aura ve logoM ke sAmane strI-samAgama karane lge| taba pradveSI dUsarA pati karane ke liye udyukta huii| yaha dekha unhoMne maryAdA DAla dI ki "strI ko yAvajjanma eka hI pati honA caahiye"| phira ve purohita bne| unhoMne yamunA ke kinAre bharata dauSyaMti ko aiMdra mahAbhiSeka kiyA thaa| lokamAnya tilaka ne "dIrghatamA' zabda kA jyotirviSayaka artha lagAyA hai- dIrgha divasoparAMta asta hone vAlA suury| RSi dIrghatamA kA Rgveda kA sUkta (1.164), "asya vAmIya sUkta" ke nAma se prasiddha hai| tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se to yaha sUkta baDA hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| usakI nimna RcAeM prasidhda haiM dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyA samAnaM vRkSaM prisssvjaate| tayoranyaH pippalaM svAdvatyanaznannanyo abhicAkazIti / / ___ (R. 1. 164. 20) vedAMtiyoM ke anusAra isa RcA meM jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA AlaMkArika varNana hai| isameM pippala (phala) khAne vAlA arthAt viSayopabhoga karane vAlA hai jIvAtmA, aura nirAsakta raha kara kisI bhI prakAra kA bhoga na karate hue kevala sAkSitva se rahanevAlA hai prmaatmaa| dIrghatamA ne vedoM kI stuti nimnaprakAra kI haiRco akSare parame vyoman yasmin devA adhi vizve niSeduH / yastana veda kimRcA kariSyati ya ittad vidusta ime samAsate / / (R. 1.164.39) ___ artha- RcAeM, akSara avinAzI atyucca svarloka meM rahatI haiM, jahAM sabhI devoM ne vAsa kiyA hai| isa bAta ko jo vyakti samajha nahIM pAtA use vedoM kA bhI kyA upyog| jinheM yaha artha samajhA ve saba ekatrika (sAmaMjasyapUrvaka).rahA karate hai| DaoN. sampUrNAnaMda ke anusAra apanI parAvalaMbitA tathA anya kaTu anubhavo kA vicAra karane se dIrghatamA ke aMtakaraNa meM krAMtikArI parivartana huaa| bhogoM se parAvRtta hokara ve AtmasvarUpa kA ciMtana karane lage aura aMtataH nirvikalpa samAdhi taka phuNce| DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra dIrghatamA hai dIrghakAlIna aMdhakAra arthAt vizvotpatti ke rahasya ko sulajhAne kA prayatna karanevAle eka tattvaciMtaka RSi kA upnaam| dRSya jagat kA vaijJAnika evaM dArzanika dRSTikoNa se artha lagAnevAle prathama draSTA the ye dIrghatamA RSi / duHkhabhaMjana- 18 vIM zatI meM vArANasI ke nivaasii| rcnaacndrshekhrcritm| durgAcArya- yAskAcArya ke nirukta para likhI gaI upalabdha TIkAoM meM durgAcArya kI TIkA sarvAdhika prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI hai| kintu jaisA ki durgAcArya kI TIkA se vidita hotA hai, isase pUrva bhI kucha AcAryoM ne nirukta para TIkAeM likhIM thiiN| durgAcArya ne apanI TIkA meM apane vivecana ke samarthanArtha una pUrvAcAryoM ke vacanoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| katipaya graMthoM ke anusAra Apa jaMbumArgasthita Azrama meM rahate the| kintu isa sthAna kA patA nahIM cltaa| DA. lakSmaNa-svarUpa ke matAnusAra yaha sthAna kAzmIra meM hogaa| isake viparIta paM. bhagavaddatta, durgAcArya ko gujarAta ke nivAsI mAnate haiN| durgAcArya kI TIkA meM maitrAyaNI saMhitA ke aneka uddharaNa haiM aura prAcIna kAla meM yaha saMhitA gujarAta hI meM adhika pracalita thii| yahI hai bhagavaddatta kI ukta mAnyatA kA AdhAra / 22 saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/337 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra durgAcArya likhita nirukta TIkA kI upalabdha prAcIna hastalikhita prati san 1387 ke AsapAsa kI hai| tadanusAra durgAcArya 14 vIM zatAbdI ke hone caahiye| kiMtu vai. kA. rAjavADe durgAcArya ko 10 vIM athavA 11 vIM zatAbdI ke mAnate haiN| udgIthAcArya prabhUti vedabhASyakAroM ne paryApta sthaloM meM durgAcArya ko pramANa mAnA hai usase durgAcArya kI prAcInatA aura zreSThatA spaSTa hotI hai| inakA nAma bhagavad durgAsiMha thaa| bhagavad upAdhi se ve viziSTa zreNI ke saMnyAsI hoMge aisA anumAna hai| www.kobatirth.org apane nijI kApiSThala vasiSTha gotra kA ve nirdeza karate haiN| saMnyAsI rahate hue apane gotra kA nirdeza unhoMne kyoM kiyA yaha ciMtA kA viSaya haiN| aneka pUrvavartI graMthoM se unhoMne uddharaNa lie jinakA mUla abhI ajJAta hai| isase durgAcArya ke pANDitya kI gaharAI spaSTa hotI hai| "IdRzeSu zabdArthanyAyasaMkTeSu mantrArthaghaTaneSu duravabodheSu matimatAM matayo na pratihanyante / vayaM tvetAvadatrAvabudhyAmahe iti / " (aise kaThina mantroM ke vyAkhyAna meM vidvAnoM kI buddhiyAM nahIM rukatI / hama to yahAM itanA hI jAnate haiM) / yaha udgAra durgAcAryajI kI pragalbhatA aura vinaya kA dyotaka hai| durgAcArya kI nirukta-vRtti ke aneka saMskaraNa nikale hai| isase bhI graMtha aura graMthakAra kA prAmANya spaSTa hotA hai / durgAdattazAstrI - I. 20 vIM sadI himAcala pradeza ke kAMgaDA jile ke antargata naleTI jaise choTe se gAMva meM rahate hue Apane saMskRta sAhitya kI acchI sevA kI vidyAlaMkAra evaM sAhityaratna ina upAdhiyoM se Apa vibhUSita haiM, aura Apako rASTrIya puraskAra bhI prApta huA hai| kRtiyAM (1) rASTrapathapradarzanam (18 adhyAyoM kA kAvya), (2) tarjanI (11 adhyAyoM kA kAvya), (3) madhuvarSaNam (7 sargo kA kAvya), (4) vatsalA (chaha aMkoM kA sAmAjika nATaka) (5) viyogavallarI (gadya kathA) aura (6) tRNajAtakam (sAmAjika lghunaattk)| ina graMthoM ke nirmANa se Apane saMskRta sAhityikoM meM pratiSThA prApta kI hai| durgAdAsa I. 16 vIM zatI / prakANDa naiyAyika vAsudeva sArvabhauma vidyAvAgIza ke putra / kulanAma- gAMgulI / kRtiyAMsubodhA ( vyAkaraNa graMtha ) yaha mugdhabodha kI TIkA hai| durgAprasanna devazarmA vidyAbhUSaNa I. 20 vIM zatI / kulanAmabhaTTAcArya guru- kAlIpada tarkAcArya pitA- vidvacandrakizora vAcaspati / "ekalavya-gurudakSiNA" nAmaka nATaka ke praNetA / durgAprasAda tripAThI samaya- I. 19 vIM zatI / nivAsasthAnaekaDalAgrAma pitA- kodiiraam| guru-choTaka mizra / kulapati ke nAte durgAprasAdajI ne saikaDoM chAtroM kA adhyApana kiyA thaa| kAzikAsAra- TIkA, zabdenduzekhara- TIkA, balabhadrIya sArasvataTIkA, rasamaMjarITIkA aura rAsapaMcAdhyAyI TIkA nAmaka TIkAgraMtha aura " - 1 338 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa - purANaparimala, jAtakazekhara ( jyotiSa - graMtha ) tathA pratiSThApradIpa, saMskAradarpaNa aura dAnacaMdikA nAmaka tIna karmakANDaviSayaka Apake graMtha adyApi aprakAzita hai| trivikrama-kavikRta rAmakIrtikumudamAlA nAmaka khaMDakAvya para ApakI mAdhurI nAmaka TIkA mUla graMtha sahita zrIcaMdrabhAnu tripAThI ne ilAhAbAda se prakAzita kI hai| durmitra Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala kA 105 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| inhoMne indra ke azvoM aura usake vajra kI kSamatA kA varNana kiyA hai| inake isa sUkta meM nimna mAnasazAstrIya vicAra prastuta hai - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir A yorindraH pApaja A marto na zazramANo bibhIvAn / zubhe yadyuyuje tvissiivaan|| (R. 10-105-3) artha- jo vAsanAeM (vRttiyAM) pAtaka se udbhUta hotI haiM, unakA nAza indra karatA hai kyoM ki martya (mAnava) parizrama se katarAne vAlA tathA bhIrU hai kintu kisI zubha kArya ke liye pravRtta hote hI vahI baDA dhairyazAlI bana jaavegaa| isa sUkta ke 11 veM maMtra meM durmitra ne svayaM ko kutsaputra kahA hai / duvasyU- Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala kA 100 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| eka dharmapariSadake avasara para yajJamaMDapa meM isa sUkta kI racanA huI hogii| isa sUkta kA viSaya hai indra, sUrya, agni, dhenu prabhRti devatAoM kI stuti| isa sUkta kI pratyeka RcA ke aMta meM "hama svataMtra bane raheM" aisI prArthanA kI gaI hai kintu hama unheM apanI zaraNa meM lAkara hI choDeMge" - aisA AtmaviSvAsa bhI aMta meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai| saMbaMdhita sUkta kI eka RcA isa prakAra hai Urja gAvo yavase pIvo attanatratasya yAH sadane koze ave / tanureva tanvo astu bheSajamA sarvatAtimaditiM vRNImahe / / artha- he dhenuoM, tRNadhAnya se paripUrNa isa bhUmi para tuma ( caratI ho taba mAnoM ) oja aura puSTi kA hI sevana karatI ho tathA saddharma ke gRha meM vaha oja ( dugdha ke rUpa meM) prakaTa karatI ho, to tumhArA zarIrajanya (dugdha) hamAre zarIroM ke liye auSadhi bane kyoM ki hama yahI varadAna mAMgate haiM ki hamArA sarvatopari maMgala ho aura hama sadA svataMtra bane raheM / svAtaMtrya prema isa sUkta kA vaiziSTaya hai| 1 dRDhabala- eka AyurvedAcArya pitA- kapilabala tadanusAra inako kApilabali bhI kahA jAtA thaa| kAzmIrasthita paMcanapura ke nivaasii| anumAnataH ApakA kAla vAgbhaTa ke pahale kA ( arthAt san 300 ke AsapAsa kA) mAnA jAtA hai kyoM ki vAgbhaTa aura jejjaTa ne Apake vacanoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| aisA kahate haiM ki carakasaMhitA kA kucha bhAga Apane pUrNa kiyA thA / TULacyuta veda ke 9veM maMDala ke 25 ve sUkta ke dRSTA ye agastya kula ke haiN| inhoMne apane sUkta meM sauma prazasti For Private and Personal Use Only -

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kA mAna kiyA hai| tadaMtargata eka RcA isa prakAra hai - +ne anya aneka graMthoM va graMthakAroM ke matoM kI samIkSA karate aruSo jagayan giraH somaHpavata AyuSak / hue bAda meM svayaM ke mata prastuta kiye haiN| indraM gacchan kavikratuH / / inake graMtha ko dakSiNa ke nyAya-vibhAga meM bar3A mAna diyA artha- tejasvI tathA kAvya-sphUrti pradAna karane vAlA soma, jAtA hai| "smRti-caMdrikA", saMskRta nibaMdha-sAhitya meM atyaMta mAnavoM kA hita karane hetu indra kI aura jAne vAlA ye atyaMta mUlyavAn nidhi ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| smRti-caMdrikA ke pAMca pratibhAvana soma, dekhiye kisa prakAra pravAhita hai| somarasa ko kAMDoM ke atirikta inhoMne rAjanIti-kAMDa kA bhI praNayana kiyA buddhi-cAturya kA eka sAdhana batAnA hI isa RcA kA Azaya hai| inhoMne rAjanIti-zAstra ko dharma-zAstra kA aMga mAnA hai pratIta hotA hai| va use dharmazAstra ke hI aMtargata sthAna diyA hai| dharma-zAstra de. ti. tAtAcArya - I. 20 vIM shtii| naI dillI ke dvArA sthApita mAnyatAoM kI puSTi ke liye inhoMne apane graMtha nivaasii| racanA "punaHsRSTi" va "sopAnazilA nAmaka ruupk| meM yatra-tatra dharmazAstra, rAmAyaNa va purANa ke bhI uddharaNa diye haiN| deva- I. 12 vIM shtii| racanA- pANinIya dhAtupATha para 200 devanandi pUjyapAda - I. 5-6 vIM shtii| jinasena, zubhacandra, zlokoM kI vRtti para lIlAzukamuni ne puruSakAra nAmaka vArtika guNanandi, dhanaMjaya Adi AcAryoM dvArA ullikhita kavi aura likhA hai| paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne yaha vArtika prakAzita daarshnik| mUla nAma devaanndi| bAda meM buddhi kI mahattA ke kiyA hai| isa graMtha meM samAna rUpa vAlI aneka gaNoM meM kAraNa "jinendrabuddhi" tathA "pUjyapAda" bhI khlaaye| paThita dhAtuoM kA vibhinna gaNoM meM pATha karane ke prayojana kA pitA-mAdhavabhaTTa aura mAtA- shriidevii| braahmnn-kul| karnATaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai|. ke "kole" nAmaka grAma ke nivaasii| nandisaMgha ke AcArya / deva vizvanAtha - I. 17 vIM shtii| shaivsNprdaayii| godAvarI-parisara sarasvatI-gaccha ke anuyaayii| ke dhArAsura nagara ke nivaasii| bAda meM kAzI meM pratiSThita / kahA jAtA hai mAtA zrIdevI ke bhrAtA kA nAma pANini racanA- "mRgADkalekhA" (naattikaa)| thaa| pUjyapAda kI bahana kA nAma kamalinI thA jisakA putra devakI menana - I. 20 vI shtii| madrAsa ke kvIna merI nAgArjuna thaa| sAMpa ke muMha se phaMse meMDhaka ko dekha kara saMsAra mahAvidyAlaya meM saMskRta-vibhAga kI adhykssaa| sevAnivRtti ke se virakta hue aura digambara dIkSA grahaNa kii| pANini ke pazcAt ernAkulama (kerala) meM vaastvy| "kucela-vRtta" tathA . apUrNa vyAkaraNa ko pUrNa kiyaa| nAgArjuna ko siddhiyAM sikhaayiiN| "sairandhI' nAmaka prekSaNakoM (AperA) kI rcyitrii| AkAzagAminI vidyAdhArI hone se videha-kSetra Adi kA bhramaNa devakumArikA - eka kviyitrii| udayapura ke rANA amarasiMha kiyaa| prastuta kathA kI satyatA vicAraNIya hai| inake atirikta inake pati the| samaya- 18 vIM zatAbdI kA puurvaardh| inhoMne katipaya anya ghaTanAeM bhI ullekhanIya haiN| - ghora tapazcaraNAdi "vaidyanAtha-prAsAda-prazasti" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai jisakA ke kAraNa AMkhoM kI jyoti naSTa ho gii| kucha maMtra sAdhanA prakAzana "saMskRta poyaTesesa" nAmaka graMtha meM (1940 I. meM se usakI punaH prApti huii| inheM auSadhi-Rddhi kI upalabdhi kalakattA se huA hai)| isa graMtha meM 142 padya haiM jo pAMca huii| kahate hai ki inake pAda-spRSTa-jala ke prabhAva se loha prakaraNoM meM vibhakta haiN| prathama prakaraNa meM udayapura ke rANAoM _svarNa meM pariNata ho jAtA thA aise ye mahAn yogI the| kA saMkSipta varNana hai va dvitIya prakaraNa meM rANA saMgrAmasiMha pUjyapAda, gaMgavaMzIya rAjA avinIti ke putra durvinIti (I. kA abhiSeka varNita hai| zeSa prakaraNoM meM maMdira kI pratiSThA 6 vIM zatI) ke zikSA-guru the| akalaMka dvArA pUjyapAda kA kA varNana hai| ullekha huA hai| ataH pUjyapAda kA samaya pAMcavI zatI kA devaNa bhaTTa - I. 13 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / rAjadharma ke uttarArdha aura chaThI zatI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai| eka mAnya nibaMdhakAra va yaajnyik| pitA- kezavAditya bhaTTopAdhyAya / racanAeM- dazabhakti, janmAbhizeSa, tattvArthavRtti (sarvArtha-siddhi), DaoN. zAmazAstrI ke matAnusAra ye AMdhra-pradeza ke nivAsI ho samAdhitantra, iSTopadeza, jainendra-vyAkaraNa, siddhipriyastotra, sakate hai kyoM ki apane graMtha meM mAmA kI putrI se vivAha vaidyaka-zAstra, chandaHzAstra, zAntyaSTaka, sAra-saMgraha / ina graMthoM para karane kA inhoMne vidhAna kiyA hai jise AMdhra meM mAnyatA hai| kundakunda, umAsvAti, samantabhadra Adi AcAyoM kA prabhAva dharmazAstra para likhA gayA inakA "smRticaMdrikA' graMtha pAMca parilakSita hotA hai| kAMDoM meM vibhAjita hai| usameM saMskAra, Ahnika, vyavahAra, zrAddha, prAyazcitta Adi viSaya samAviSTa haiN| prastuta pratha meM unhoMne devanAtha upAdhyAya - I. 18 vIM shtii| maithila brAhmaNa / prAyaH sabhI TIkAkAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vijJAnezvara kA prvtpur-nivaasii| pitaa-rghunaath| mAtA- gunnvtii| "uSAharaNa" baDe Adara ke sAtha nirdeza karate hue bhI unhoMne kucha sthAnoM nATaka ke rcyitaa| para apanA matabheda bhI vyakta kiyA hai| isa graMtha meM devaNabhaTTa devanAtha ThAkura - I. 16 vIM shtii| mithilA ke nivaasii| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 339 For Private and Personal Use Only

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inakA pUrA gharAnA hI vidyAvAn thaa| inhoMne mImAMsA para ko arpita kiyA taba inhoMne "bAlamArtaNDavijayam" nAmaka adhikaraNakaumudI nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai jisameM mImAMsA nATaka kI racanA kii| rAjA bAlamArtaNDa ne hI trAvaNakora ke aura dharma ke saMbaMdha kA abheda pratipAdita kiyA hai| padmanAbha-maMdira kA jIrNodhdAra kiyA thaa| devanAtha tarkapaMcAnana- I. 17 vIM shtii| prasiddha baMgAlI devavijaya gaNi - tapAgaccha ke aacaary| vijayadAna sUri ke naiyaayik| kRtiyAM- rasikaprakAza aura kaavykaumudii| praziSya aura rAmavijaya ke shissy| kAryakSetra- gujraat| racanA devanArAyaNa pAMDe- saMskRta sAhitya suSamA kA saMpAdana / (rAjApura "pANDavacaritra" jo devaprabhasUrikRta "pANDavacaritra" mahAkAvya (u.pra.) ke nivaasii)| kA saMskRta meM gadyAtmaka rUpAntara hai (18 srg)| jaina-rAmAyaNa devapAla - kaTha mantrapATha ke bhaassykaar| yaha svataMtra graMtha nahIM (vi.saM. 1652) aura kucha anya racanAeM bhI inake nAma para api tu kaTha-gRhyabhASya ke aMtargata hI upalabdha hai| isase prApta huI haiN| vidvAnoM kA tarka hai ki devapAla ke pitA haripAla ne kaTha devavimala gaNi - eka jaina mhaakvi| samaya- I. 16 vIM mantrapATha para bhASyaracanA kI thI aura putra devapAla ne use shtii| inhoMne "hIra-saubhAgya" nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI svakRta gRhyabhASya meM saMmilita kiyaa| veda-maMtroM kA yajJaparaka hai jisameM hIravijaya sUri kA carita varNita hai| isa mahAkAvya tathA adhyAtmaparaka artha dene meM devapAla kI zreSThatA abhyAsakoM ke 17 sarga haiN| sUrijI ne mugala samrATa akabara ko jaina ko pratIta hotI hai| dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| devaprabha sUri - eka jaina kvi| I. 13 vIM shtii|| devazaMkara purohita - I. 18 vIM shtii| rAThoDa grAma (gujarAta) maladhArI gaccha ke aacaary| racanA- pANDavacarita nAmaka (18 ke nivaasii| racanA - alaMkAramaMjUSA jisameM baDe mAdhavarAva sarga) vIrarasapradhAna mahAkAvya / graMtharacanA municandrasUri ke ziSya tathA raghunAtharAva ina do pezavAoM kA caritra-varNana karate hue devAnanda sUri ke anurodha para huI hai| bhASA-zailIgata prauDhatA alaMkAroM ke udAharaNa diye haiN| pezavAoM para likhI gaI yahI aura kavitva-kalA kA abhAva / kathAnaka kA AdhAra SaSThAMgopaniSad ekamAtra saMskRta racanA hai| tathA triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita hai| devasUri- san- 1086-1169 / zvetAMbara paMtha ke eka jaina devarAja yajvA- I. 14 vIM shtii| samagra vaidika nighaNTu ke AcArya, muni candrasUri ke shissy| inhoMne nyAyazAstra para bhaassykaar| pitA-yajJezvara Arya aura pitAmaha- devarAja yajvA / "pramANanaya-tattvAlokAlaMkAra" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI aura gotra-atri / nivAsa-sthAna rNgeshpurii| devarAja yajvA ne naighaNTuka usa para svayaM hI "syAdvAdaratnAkara' nAmaka TIkA bhI likhii| kA nirvacana hI adhika vistAra se kiyA hai| isa graMtha kA jaina nyAya meM ina graMthoM ko pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai| gujarAtha mUla AdhAra AcArya skandasvAmI kA RgvedabhASya aura skandamahezvara ke anahilapaTTaNasthita jayasiMhadeva ke darabAra meM eka bAra kI niruktabhASya-TIkA hai| phira bhI skaMdabhASya para vizeSa bala digaMbarapaMthI kumudAcArya se inakA zAstrArtha huaa| vAda kA hai| "skaMda- svAmivyatirikta bhASyakAra" isa taraha nirdeza devarAja viSaya thA- striyAM nirvANa pada ko prApta kara sakatI haiM yA yajvA ke bhASya meM milatA hai kintu yaha kauna bhASyakAra hai nhiiN| isa vAda meM yaha siddha karate hue ki striyAM bhI yaha ThIka samajha meM nahIM aataa| nirvANa-pada prApta kara sakatI haiM, devasUri ne kumudAcArya ko devarAja yajvA sAyaNAcArya ke vacana uddhRta nahIM krte| parAjita kiyaa| inhoMne san 1147 meM phalavardhigrAma meM eka isase ve sAyaNa ke pUrvavartI haiM yaha bAta sUcita hotI hai| cetya kA nirmANa karAyA aura arasANA meM inhoMne neminAtha kI AcArya devarAja yajvA ne durgAcArya ko kahIM bhI uddhRta nahIM mUrti sthApita kii| kiyA yaha Azcaryajanaka hai kintu durgAcArya kI prAcInatA devasena - samaya I. 10 vIM shtaabdii| guru nAma- vimlgnni| pramANAntara se spaSTa hai| devarAja ke nirvacana meM svataMtra rUpa racanAeM - darzanasAra, bhAvasaMgraha, AlApapadhdati, laghunayacakra, bahuta kama likhA gayA hai| vahAM purAtana pramANoM kA saMgraha ArAdhanAsAra aura tatvasAra / sulocanAcaritra ke racayitA devasena atyadhika hai| se bhinna (devasena nAma ke aneka jaina AcArya prasiddha haiM) devarAja sUri - upAdhi- "abhinava kaalidaas"| kerala ke devasvAmI - I. 11 vIM shtii| vimalabodha ke graMtha rAjA bAlamArtaNDa varmA (1729 se 1758 I. taka) tathA unake vidita hotA hai ki inhoMne Rgveda para bhASya likhA thaa| bhAgineya rAmavarmA (1758-1798) ke pramukha sbhaapnnddit| AzvAlAyana zrautasUtra para bhI inakA bhASya hai| bhaTTojI likhita madrAsa ke tinnevellI janapada meM paTTamaDADa grAma ke nivaasii| caturviMzatimata nAmaka graMtha kI TIkA meM devasvAmI ke mata kA pitA- shessaadri| san 1765 I. meM jina bAraha brAhmaNoM ko ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prApta ullekha ke anusAra devasvAmI agrahAra pradAna kiyA gayA unameM devarAja pramukha the| san 1750 ne zAbarabhASya para bhI vyAkhyA likhI hai| mahAbhArata kI meM jaba mArtaNDa ne digvijaya ke pazcAt apanA rAjya padmanAbha vimalabodhanAtmaka TIkA meM pUrvavartI TIkAkAra ke nAte devasvAmI 340/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kA nirdeza hotA hai| ye sabhI bhinna vyakti haiM yA abhinna, yaha devacandra suri| graMtha - candraprabhacarita - vi. saM. 1260 / isameM gaveSaNA kA viSaya hai| vajrAyudha napa kI kathA vistAra se varNita hai jisakA uttarabhAga devAcArya - nibArka saMpradAya meM prasiddha kRpAcArya ke ziSya / nATaka zailI meM likhA gayA hai| inakI sarvazreSTha racanA hai "siddhAntajAhnavI" jo brahmasUtra kA devendra bhaTa - I. 14-15 shtii| racanA - sNgiitmuktaavlii| vistRta samIkSAtmaka bhASya hai| isa graMtha meM niMbArka se 7 vIM devendrakIrti - I. 16 vIM shtii| kAraMjA ke balAtkAragaNa ke pIDhI meM sthita puruSottamAcArya dvArA praNIta "vedAnta-ratnamaMjUSA" aacaary| graMtha - kalyANamaMdirapUjA aura viSApahArapUjA / kA ullekha hai| ataH ye avAMtarakAlIna graMthakAra haiN| guruparaMparA devendranAtha caTTopAdhyAya - racanA - vaMgavIraH pratApAdityaH nAmaka meM kramAMka 16 pr| gurjarAdhipa rAjA kumArapAla ke abhiSeka aitihAsika upnyaas| kAla meM ye vartamAna mAne jAte haiN| Apake samaya taka eka hI ziSyaparaMparA thii| kintu pazcAt do zAkhAeM huii| pradhAna devendra vaMdyopAdhyAya - I. 19-20 vIM shtii| kRti - pANiniprabhA nAmaka vyAkaraNa viSayaka grNth| zAkhA meM suMdara bhaTTAcArya tathA dUsarI zAkhA meM vraja-bhUSaNa devAcArya prasiddha hue| devezvara yA devendra - vAgbhaTa ke patra / esa. ke. De. kA kathana hai ki ye vAgbhaTa donoM sAhityazAstrajJoM se bhinna haiN| ye mAlavA devAtithi - Rgveda ke AThave maMDala kA cauthA sUkta inake nareza ke mahAmAtya the| eka zloka meM inhoMne hammIra mahInAma para hai| isa sUkta meM iMdra-sUryastuti hai| turvaza rAjA ke mahendra kI prazaMsA kI hai| isa cauhAna napa kA samaya I. 13 yajJa meM dAna meM sau ghoDe prApta hue aisA unakA kathana hai| vIM zatI hai| racanA - kviklpkttaa| samaya I. sa. 13001 sUryastuti meM unhoMne eka nirAle hI prakAra kI prArthanA sUrya se dezamukha, ciMtAmaNi dvArakAnAtha - (padmavibhUSaNa) kI hai jo nimnAMkita hai - janma I. 18961 janmasthAna- koMkaNa meM rohe nAmaka gAva / saM naH zizIhi bhujayoriva kSuraM rAsva rAyo vimocn| muMbaI aura keMbrija meM shikssaa| barisTara tathA AI.sI.esa. kI tve tannaH suvedamustriyaM vasu yaM tvaM hinoSi martyam / / (R. 8,4,16) upAdhi prApta hone para sana 1910 se aneka ucca adhikArapada __ artha - donoM hAthoM meM pakar3a kara jisa prakAra churI ko ___para vibhUSita kie| 1950 meM svataMtra bhArata ke arthamaMtrI bane ghisA jAtA hai, usI prakAra (saMkaToM ke patthara para ghisa kara) aura saMyukta mahArASTra rAjya kI sthApanA ke viSaya meM matabheda hama logoM ko tIkSNa bnaaiye| he duHkhavimocana, hameM akSaya ke kAraNa maMtrIpada kA tyAga kiyaa| aneka jAgatika saMsthAoM saMpatti pradAna kiijiye| jo uSaHkAla kI kAMti ke samAna ke padAdhikArI rahane kA sammAna zrI. dezamukha ke samAna prAyaH tejasvI haiM aura (jise Apa martya mAnava kI ora sahaja hI anya kisI ko nahIM milaa| kalakattA, karnATaka, annamalai, bikhera dete haiM), ve Apake pAsa ke gauoM ke jhuMDa Adi ilAhAbAda, nAgapura aura paMjAba ina vizvavidyAlayoM dvArA Apako akSaya dhana hameM prApta ho| DAkTara Apha sAyansa evaM DAkTara Apha liTarecara jaisI zreSThatama devApi - Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala kA 98 vAM sUkta devApi upAdhiyAM asAmAnya vidvattA ke kAraNa dI giiN| DA. dezamukha ke nAma para hai| ye kurukulotpanna eka rAjaputra tathA rAjA zaMtanu kI saMskRta sAhitya meM atyadhika ruci prAraMbha se hI rhii| ke jyeSTha baMdhu the| kuSTharoga se pIDita hone ke kAraNa, rAjagaddI 'gAMdhIsUktimuktAvalI' nAmaka mahAtmA gAMdhI ke vacanoM kA para na baiThate hue tapasyA hetu inhoMne vana kI ora prasthAna padyAnuvAda tathA saMskRtakAvyamAlikA (aneka sphuTa kAvyoM saMgraha) kiyA thaa| isI liye choTe bhAI zaMtanu rAjagaddI para Ae ina graMthoM ke atirikta meghadUta kA marAThI bhASA meM samazlokI kintu bar3e bhAI ke jIvita rahate hue choTe bhAI ke rAjA banane anuvAda Apane kiyA hai jo marAThI ke aneka anuvAdoM meM ke kAraNa devatAoM ne rAjya meM parjanyavRSTi baMda kara dii| taba sarvotkRSTa mAnA gayA hai| bhagavadgItA para ApakA eka nibaMdha zaMtanu ne devApi ko rAjA banane hetu savinaya AmaMtrita kiyaa| __ graMtha aura amarakoza para vyAkhyAgraMtha aMgrejI meM prakAzita hue isa para devApi ne zaMtanu se kahA se kahA "tuma yajJa karo haiN| (prakAzaka uppala pabliziMga hAUsa naI dillI-2) / mRtyu aura mai tumhArA purohita banUMgA, isase parjanyavRSTi hogii|" sana 1980 meM haidarAbAda meN| iMDiyA iMTaranezanala evaM anya tadanusAra zaMtanu ne yajJa kiyA aura usake phalasvarUpa sarvatra anekavidha sAMskRtika saMsthAoM kI saMsthApanA Apane kI hai| parjanyavRSTi huii| uparokta sUkta kI racanA devApi ne isI yajJa ApakI dharmapatnI zrImatI durgAbAI dezamukha eka viduSI, ke samaya kI thii| caritra se devApi kSatriya the aisA pratIta svAtaMtryasainika tathA prasiddha sArvajanika kAryakartA hone ke kAraNa hotA hai, phira bhI unake dvArA paurohitya kiye jAne kI kathA bhArata zAsana dvArA "padmavibhUSaNa upAdhi' se sammAnita thiiN| hai| (R. 10,98,11) / thor3e bahuta aMtara se devApi ke viSaya daivajJa sUrya - "nRsiMhacaMpU' nAmaka kAvya ke prnnetaa| racanA meM yahI jAnakArI purANavAGmaya meM bhI milatI hai| kAla I. 16 vIM zatI kA madhya bhaag| inhoMne nRsiMha caMpU meM devendra . nAgendragacchIya vijayasiMha sari ke ziSya devendra yA svayaM kA paricaya diyA hai| (5-76-78) / tadanasAra devaja sarya saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 341 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAradvAja kulodabhava nAganAtha ke pautra va jJAnarAja ke putra the| dvijendralAla purakAyastha (prA.) - racanA alkaamilnm| inakA janma godAvarI taTastha vArdhA nAmaka nagara meM huA thaa| viSaya- meghadUta kA pUraka khaNDa kAvya, yakSapatnI kA viraha inhoMne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai jinameM "lIlAvatI' va tathA miln| 113 shlok| anya racanA advaitAmRtasAraH / "bIjagaNita" kI TIkAeM bhI haiN| nRsiMhacaMpU kA prakAzana kRSNa dvivedagaGga - inhoMne mAdhyandina AraNyaka para mukhyArthaprakAzikA bradarsa dvArA jAlaMdhara se huA hai| nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| vebara ne usakA saMkSepa apane zatapatha doDayya - Atreya gotrIya viprottama jaina dhrmaavlmbii| piriyapaTTaNa brAhmaNa ke saMskaraNa ke anta meM chApA hai| ke nivaasii| karaNikatilaka devappa ke putr| guru nAma- paNDita dhanaMjaya (naighaNTuka) - nighaNTu ke praNetA hone ke kAraNa muni| samaya I. 16 vIM shtii| graMtha - bhujabalicaritam / inheM naighaNTuka dhanaMjaya bhI kahA gayA hai| pitA- vasudeva / kAlidAsa se prbhaavit| mAtA- shriidevii| guru- dshrth| viSApahAra stotra ke mAdhyama se dyA dviveda - nItimaMjarI (athavA vedamaMjarI) nAmaka eka apane putra ko sarpa viSa se mukta kiyaa| samaya lagabhaga I. nItiparaka padya graMtha ke rcyitaa| AnaMdapura (gujarAta) ke 8 vIM shtii| racanAeM- dhanaMjayanighaNTu yA anekArtha nivAsI tathA zukla yajurvedIya braahmnn| Apane isa graMtha kI nAmamAlA (246 padyoM kA zabdakoza), viSApahArastAtra (39 racanA, sana 1494 meM kii| caturvidha puruSArthoM ke saMdarbha meM pdy)| isa para aneka TokAeM likhI gaI haiN| rAghava-pANDavIya Rgveda ke saMdeza ko spaSTa karane vAlA yaha graMtha nItiparaka nAmaka dvisandhAna mahAkAvya sandhAna zailI kA sarvaprathama mahAkAvya saMskRta sAhitya meM sammAnita hai| (sarga 18) / isameM Adyanta rAma aura kRSNa caritoM kA nirvAha, ___ isa graMtha para svayaM dyA dviveda ne hI saMskRta meM TIkA bhI pratyeka zloka ke do do arthoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isa likhI hai| isa graMtha meM vaidika sAhitya kI nAnAvidha kathAoM mahAkAvya kI gaNanA jainiyoM ke "apazcima ratnatraya' meM kI kA paricaya prApta hone ke sAtha hI unake naitika mUlyoM kA jAtI hai| dhanaMjaya kI isa dvayarthI kAvyazailI kA anukaraNa darzana bhI hotA hai| Age ke aneka kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| draviDAcArya - inhoMne chAMdogya upaniSad para bRhad bhASya likhA dhanaMjaya - "dazarUpaka" nAmaka suprasiddha nATyazAstrIya graMtha hai| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad para bhI inakA bhASya hone ke ullekha ke prnnetaa| samaya- 10 vIM sadI kA aMtima crnn| pitAmilate haiN| zaMkarAcArya ne inheM Agamavid va saMpradAyavid kaha vissnnu| bhrAtA- dhnik| "dazarUpaka" kA praNayana paramAravaMzI kara gauravAnvita kiyA hai| zaMkarAcAryajI ne inake matoM kA rAjA muMja (vAkpatirAja dvitIya) ke darabAra meM huA thaa| muMja kahIM para bhI khaMDana nahIM kiyA hai| rAmAnuja saMpradAya ke katipaya kA zAsanakAla 974 I. se 994 I. taka hai| svayaM dhanaMjaya graMthoM meM draviDAcArya nAmaka eka prAcIna AcArya kA ullekha ne bhI isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa apane "dazarUpaka' nAmaka milatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra zaMkarAcAryajI dvArA graMtha meM (4-86) kiyA hai| gauravAnvita draviDAcArya aura ye draviDAcArya bhinna haiN| kahate haiM dhanaMjaya va unake bhrAtA dhanika donoM hI dhvani-virodhI ki ina dUsare draviDAcArya ne, pAMcarAtra siddhAnta kA avalaMba AcArya haiN| ye rasa ko vyaMga na mAnakara bhAvya mAnate haiN| karate hue tamila bhASA meM kucha graMthoM kI racanA kii| arthAt inake matAnusAra rasa va kAvya kA saMbaMdha bhAvyabhAvaka kA hai| "na rasAdInAM kAvyena saha vyaMgavyaMjaka bhAvaH kiM tarhi droNasUri - pATanasaMgha ke pramukha pdaadhikaarii| bhAvyabhAvakasaMbaMdhaH / kAvyaM hi bhAvaka bhAvyA rasAdayaH" (avaloka samaya I. 11-12 vIM shtii| graMtha- oghaniyukti aura usake TIkA, dazarUpaka (4-30) / laghubhASya para vRtti / prAkRta aura saMskRta uddharaNa bhI haiN| Apane __inhoMne zAMtarasa ko nATaka ke liye anupayukta mAnA hai kyoM abhayadeva sUrikRta TIkAoM kA saMzodhana bhI kiyA hai| ki zama kI avasthA meM vyakti kI laukika kriyAeM lupta ho dvArakAnAtha - I. 18 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| govindavallabha jAtI haiN| ataH usakA abhinaya saMbhava nahIM hai| inakI yaha prakaraNa ke rcyitaa| bhI mAnyatA hai ki rasa kA anubhava darzaka yA sAmAjika ko dvijeMdranAtha zAstrI - bIsavIM zatAbdI ke AryasamAjI lekhaka hotA hai| anukArya ko nahIM (a. TI. 4-38) padmagupta, aura mhaakvi| inake dvArA racita graMtha haiM : yajurvedabhASyam, ____ dhanapAla aura halAyudha inake mitra the| RgvedAdibhASya bhUmikA prakAzaH, vedAntattvAlocanam, saMskRtasAhitya dhanapati sUri - samaya lagabhaga I. 1725 I. eka vidvAna -vimarzaH evaM svarAjyavijaya (mhaakaavy)| isakA racanAkAla vaiSNava vyaakhyaakaar| zrImadbhAgavata kI rAsa-paMcAdhyAyI evaM 1955 I. hai| "svarAjyavijaya" mahAkAvya kI racanA 1960 bhramaragIta (10-47) kI bhAgavatagUDhArthadIpikA nAmaka TIkA I. meM inhoMne pUrNa kii| vRMdAvana ke AryasamAjI gurukula ke tathA bhagavadgItA kI bhASyotkarSa-dIpikA nAmaka TIkA ke Apa kulapati the| nivAsa sthAna mertth| prnnetaa| guru- bAlagopAla tIrtha tathA pitA- raamkumaar| Apane 342 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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apanI bhagavadgItA kI TIkA kA racanAkAla 1864 vi. saM. (1707 I.) svayaM hI diyA hai| zrIdhara svAmI ke samAna ye bhI rAsa-paMcAdhyAyI ko nivRtti mArga kA upadeza dene vAlI mAnate haiN| inakI bhASyotkarSadIpikA AcArya zaMkara ke gItA bhASya ke utkarSa ko pradarzita karane vAlI hai| kiMtu advaita ke AcAryapravara madhusUdana sarasvatI ke artha para AkSepa karane se bhI ye parAGmukha nahIM hote| inakI bhAgavata / gUDhArthadIpikA, "aSTaTIkA bhAgavata" ke saMskaraNa meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| dhanapAla - I. 10 vIM shtii| merutuMgAcArya ke prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi nAmaka graMtha meM dhanapAla kA caritra AyA hai| saMkAzya gotra ke brAhmaNa sarvadeva Apake pitA the| prAraMbha meM dhanapAla jaina dharma ke virodhI the, kintu bAda meM jainadharma kA adhyayana kara ve jaina bana ge| Apa bhojarAjA ke sabhA meM paMDita the| dhanapAla ke graMthoM ke nAma hai : pAIlacchInAmamAlA, tilakamaMjarI aura RsspNcaashikaa| pAIlacchInAmamAlA hai unakA prAkRtakoza, jo prAkRta kA ekamAtra koza hai| dhanapAla kA saMskRta graMtha hai tilkmNjrii| yaha graMtha rAjA bhoja ko atyaMta priya thaa| dhanapAla kI bhASA kA gaurava karate hue paMDitoM kA praznArthaka kathana hai ki dhanapAla ke sarasa vacana aura malayagiri ke caMdana se kauna saMtuSTa na hogaa| dhanezvara yA dhaneza - mahAbhASya ke ttiikaakaar| vopadeva ke guru / TIkA- cintAmaNi nAmaka vyAkaraNa viSayaka graMtha aura anya racanA "prakriyA-ratnamaNi' uplbdh| samaya vi. kI 13 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / dhanezvara sUri - candragaccha ke prasiddha jaina aacaary| samaya 610 ii.| "zatrujaya" nAmaka mahAkAvya ke rcyitaa| isa mahAkAvya meM inhoMne zatrujayatIrtha ke uddhAraka 18 rAjAoM kI prasiddha daMtakathAoM kA varNana 14 sargoM meM kiyA hai| isameM bauddha zAstrArtha kA bhI ullekha hai| tatkAlIna zAsaka zilAditya the| DA. hIrAlAla jaina ne inakA samaya 7-8 vIM zatI mAnA hai| dhanvantari - inheM Adya dhanvaMtari kA hI avatAra mAnA gayA hai| purANAMtargata vaMzAvali ke anusAra inakA janma caMdravaMzI rAjakula meM huA thaa| "harivaMza" meM suhotra, kAzika, dIrghatapA, dhanvaMtari ke krama se inakI vaMza paraMparA dI huI hai| (1,32,18,22) / kucha, purANoM meM inheM dIrghatapa kA pautra tathA dhanvA kA putra mAnA gayA hai| dhanvaMtari ko Ayurveda kA pravartaka mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne bhAradvAja se Ayurveda kA jJAna prApta kiyA, usakA aSTAMgoM meM vibhAjana kiyA aura vaha jJAna apane aneka ziSyoM ko pradAna kiyaa| purANoM ne inheM vidvAna, sarvarogapraNAzana, mahAprAjJa, vAvizArada, rAjarSi Adi vizeSaNoM se gauravAnvita kiyA hai| inake nAma para cikitsAdarzana, cikitsAkaumudI, yogaciMtAmaNi, sannipAtakalikA, guTikAdhikAra, dhAtukalpa, ajIrNAmRtamaMjarI, roganidAna, vaidyaciMtAmaNi, vidyAprakAzacikitsA, dhanvaMtarinighaMTu, vaidyabhAskarodaya aura cikitsAsArasaMgraha nAmaka teraha graMtha haiN| unameM se kucha graMtha upalabdha ho cuke haiN| inake prapautra kAzIrAja divodAsa ko bhI "dhanvantari" kA biruda prApta huA thaa| dharaNIdAsa - I. 11 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| anekArtha saMgraha (aparanAma dharaNIkoza) ke krtaa| dharmakIrti (AcArya) - I. 7 vIM shtii| eka bauddha naiyaayik| saMbhrAMta brAhmaNakula meM jnm| mUlataH ye AMdhrapradeza ke tirumalai ke nivAsI the| prAraMbha meM inhoMne vaidika paraMparA ke graMthoM kA uttama adhyayana kiyA thA, kintu bauddha paMDitoM ke saMparka meM Ane ke bAda unhoMne bauddha dharma svIkAra kiyaa| nyAyazAstra meM vizeSa abhiruci hone ke kAraNa inhoMne suprasiddha bauddha naiyAyika diGnAga ke ziSya Izvarasena ke pAsa bauddhanyAya kA adhyayana kiyaa| pazcAt ve nAlaMdA mahAvihAra pahuMce aura vahAM para unhoMne saMghasthavira vijJAnavAdI AcArya dharmapAla kA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyaa| brAhmaNa darzanoM kA jJAna karAne vAle kumArila inake prathama guru the kintu kumArila aura dharmakIrti ne eka dUsare ke matoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai| dharmakIrti ne brAhmaNa tArkikoM kA khaMDana karane hetu aneka graMtha likhe| "pramANavArtika' unakA sarvazreSTha graMtha hai| isake atirikta nyAyabiMdu, hetubiMdu, pramANavinizcaya, vAdanyAya, saMbaMdhaparIkSA aura samAntarasiddhi nAmaka anya 6 graMtha bhI unake nAma para haiN| inameM se pramANavartika, nyAyabiMdu evaM vAdanyAya nAmaka kevala tIna graMtha hI mUla saMskRta rUpa meM upalabdha haiN| zeSa graMthoM ke tibbatI anuvAda prApta hue haiN| "nyAyamaMjarI"kAra jayaMta bhaTTa (1000 I.) jaise virodhakoM ne bhI AcArya dharmakArti kI prazaMsA kI hai| bauddha nyAya paraMparA meM diGnAga ke pazcAt dharmakIrti kA hI sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| itsiMga ne apane yAtrA varNana meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai| mahApaMDita DA. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne tibbata se inake graMtha khoja nikAle haiN| usake pUrva brAhmaNa naiyAyikoM ke graMthoM meM hue nAmAllekha ke atirikta inake bAre meM kucha bhI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM thii| dharmakIrti - nyAyabindukAra dharmakIrti se bhinna bauddha paMDita / samaya vi. saM. 1140 ke lagabhaga / racanA- rUpAvatAra, prakriyAnusArI granthoM meM sabase praaciin|| dharmakIrti - I. 17 vIM shtii| dharmakIrti nAma ke aneka vidvAna bhaTTAraka paramparA meM hue| unameM lalitakIrti ke ziSya jaina mata ke balAtkAragaNa jerahaTa zAkhA ke AcArya dharmakIrti kI do saMskRta racanAeM milatI haiM - padamapurANa aura harivaMzapurANa / dharmatApasa - Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 114 veM sUkta ke rcyitaa| isameM unhoMne vizvedeva kI stuti kI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza-graMthakAra khaNDa/343 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dharmadAsa - I. 11 vIM zatI ke puurv| baMgAla nivaasii| "vidagdhamukha-maNDana" nAmaka kAvya ke prnnetaa| dharmadAsa - candra vyAkaraNa para aneka vRttiyAM likhI kiMtu sabhI apraapy| kevala eka vRtti jarmanI meM romana lipibaddha hai| usa para dharmadAsa racayitA hone kA ullekha hai para yudhiSThira mImAMsakajI ko saMdeha hai ki vaha candragomI dvArA racita hogii| dharmadeva gosvAmI - I. 18 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / kehatI satra (asama) ke nivaasii| kRtiyAM-narakAsura vijaya kAvya, dharmodaya kAvya tathA dharmodaya naattk| dharmadhara - I. 16 vIM shtii| pitA- yazapAla / mAtA- hiiraadevii| golaaraaddaanvyii| inake vidyAdhara aura devadhara nAmaka do bhAI the| patnI- nndikaa| putra- parAzara aura mnsukh| sarasvatIgaccha ke anuyaayii| guru- bhaTTAraka padmanandI yogii| racanAeM- zrIpAlacarita aura nAgakumAracarita (I. 1454) / cauhAnavaMzI rAjA mAdhavacandra dvArA smmaanit| nalhU sAhU kI preraNA se nAgakumAracarita kI racanA kii| dharmapAla - I. 7 vIM zatI ke eka bauddha naiyaayik| tamilanADu ke kAMcIpuram meM jnm| ATha bhAiyoM meM sabase baDe pramukha maMtrI ke jyeSTha putr| diGnAga ke prvrtii| kizorAvasthA meM hI saMsAra se virakta ho kara dharmapAla ne gRhatyAga kiyaa| ghUmate phirate nAlaMdA vidyApITha meM raha kara Apane bauddha dharma kA adhyayana kiyaa| phira Apa vahIM para pradhAnAcArya bne| usa vidyApITha ne "bodhisattvavid' padavI dekara Apako gauravAnvita kiyaa| suprasiddha bauddha paMDita zUnyavAda ke vyAkhyAtA dharmakIrti tathA yuAnaccAMga ke guru zIlabhadra Apake hI ziSya the| cInI yAtrI yuAna cvAMga aura itsiMga ne dharmapAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| ___dharmapAla ne pANini ke vyAkaraNa para eka vRtti likhI hai jisakA nAma hai vedvRtti| isake atirikta Apake bauddha dharma viSayaka saMskRta graMtha prasiddha haiN| ve hai :- AlaMbana-pratyavadhAna zAstravyAkhyA, vijJAptimAtratAsiddhi-vyAkhyA, zatazAstravyAkhyA aadi| eka graMtha kA cInI bhASA meM anuvAda ho cukA hai |aisaa kahA jAtA hai ki kauzAMbI meM aneka brAhmaNoM ko zAstrArtha meM Apane parAbhUta kiyaa| dharmapAla bauddhadarzana ke yogAcAra matAnuyAyI dArzanika the| dharmabhUSaNa (abhinava) - abhinava dharmabhUSaNa, vardhamAna bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the| vijayanagara ke rAjA devarAya prathama dvArA sammAnita / vijayanagara ke nivaasii| samaya I. 13 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / racanA- nyAyadIpikA (tIna pricched)| isameM pramANa, pramANa ke bheda aura parokSa pramANa kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dharmarAja kavi - "veMkaTezacaMpU' ke prnnetaa| nivAsasthAna tNjaur| ye I. 17 vIM zatI ke aMtima caraNa meM vidyamAna the| inakI kAvyakRti abhI taka aprakAzita hai| usakA vivaraNa taMjaura keTalAga meM prApta hotA hai| dharmarAjAdhvarIMdra - eka prAcIna naiyaayik| dakSiNa bhArata sthita bolAgulI ke nivaasii| veMkaTanAtha inake guru the| inhani tattvaciMtAmaNigraMtha para pahale kI dasa TIkAoM kA khaMDana karate hue eka naI TIkA likhii| inakA pramukha graMtha hai- vedaaNtpribhaassaa| vedAMtaviSayaka vicAroM ko samajhane kI daSTi se yaha graMtha atyaMta upayogI mAnA jAtA hai| dharmasUri - I. 15 vIM shtii| AMdhra meM guMtUra jile ke tenAlI samIpastha kaThezvara gAMva ke nivaasii| janma vArANasI ke eka pratiSThita brAhmaNa kula meN| yaha gharAnA alaukika buddhimattA tathA pAMDitya ke liye prasiddha thaa| dharmasUri ke pitAmaha dharmasudhI ne tapasyA dvArA yaha varadAna prApta kiyA thA ki unake kula meM sAta pIDhiyoM taka pAMDitya kI paraMparA calatI rhe| unake tInoM hI putra mahApaMDita the| unase parvatanAtha ke suputra dharmasUri kA to caudaha vidyAoM para prabhutva thaa| nyAyazAstra meM ve vizeSa rUpa se pAraMgata the| dharmasUri kA "sAhityaratnAkara' nAmaka graMtha bahuta prasiddha hai| dasa taraMgoM meM vibhAjita isa graMtha meM saMpUrNa kAvyazAstra kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake atirikta dharmasUri ne kRSNastuti va sUryazataka nAmaka do stotroM tathA bAlabhAgavata aura kaMsavadha evaM narakAsuravijaya nAmaka do nATaka bhI likhe haiN| dhamottarAcArya - I. 9 vIM shtii| ye kalyANarakSita aura dharmakaradatta ke ziSya the| ye bauddhoM ke sautrAntika mata ke anuyAyI the| inhoMne pramANaparIkSA apoha nAmaka prakaraNa tathA paralokasiddhi, kSaNabhaMgasiddhi aura pramANavinizcaya- TIkA nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kii| inake atirikta inhoMne dharmakIrti ke nyAyabiMdu para nyAyabiMduTIkA nAmaka graMtha bhI likhA hai| dhAnuSkayajvA (dhanvayajvA) - I. 13 vIM shtii| eka vaiSNava aacaary| inhoMne Rgveda, yajurveda va sAmaveda ina tInoM vedoM para bhASya likhe, kintu unameM se aba eka bhI upalabdha nhiiN| vedAcArya kI sudarzanamImAMsA meM inakA trivedI bhASyakAra athavA trayIniSTha vRddha kahakara aneka bAra ullekha huA hai| dhoyI - I. 12 vIM shtii| "pavanadUta" nAmaka eka saMdeza kAvya tathA "satyabhAmAkRSNasaMvAda" ke prnnetaa| inake kaI nAma milate haiM yathA dhUyi, dhoyI va dhoyik| ye baMgAla ke rAjA lakSmaNasena ke darabArI kavi rhe| zrIdharadAsakRta "saduktikarNAmRta" meM inake padya uddhRta hai, jo ki zaka saM. 1127 yA 1206 I. kA graMtha hai| ma. ma. haraprasAda zAstrI ke anusAra kavirAja dhoyI pAladhigadhi tathA kAzyapa gotra ke rADhIya brAhmaNa the| inake vaidya jAtIya hone kA AdhAra vaidya vaMzAvalI graMthoM meM duhisena yA dhuyisena nAma kA ullikhita honA hai| "gItagoviMda" se jJAta hotA hai ki lakSmaNasena ke darabAra meM umApatidhara, zaraNa, govardhana, dhoyI aura jayadeva kavi rahe the| inheM "kavirAja" upAdhi prApta huI thii| apane saMdezakAvya "pavanadUta meM (zloka saM. 101 va 103) inhoMne svayaM ko "kavikSmAmRtAM meM (praloka meM 101 din hone ko cakravartI" tathA "kavinarapati" kahA hai| FREE 344 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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HEATRE dhyAneza nArAyaNa cakravartI - I. 20 vIM shtii| ravIndrabhAratI vi.vi. meM praadhyaapk| ravIndranAtha ThAkura ke nATakoM, gItoM ke saMskRta anuvAda kiye| vizvezvara vidyAbhUSaNa ke sAtha "dasyuratnAkara" nAmaka nATaka kI racanA kii| naMdarAja zekhara - zaiva tattvajJAna viSayaka 18 graMthoM ke rcyitaa| maisUra ke kRSNarAja dvitIya ke srvaadhikaarii| racanA- saMgItagaMgAdharam naMdakumAra zarmA - navadvIpa ke narezacandra (1639 IsavI) kA samAzraya praapt| "rAdhA-mAna-taraMgiNI" ke rcyitaa| naMdapaMDita - samaya 1595-16301 vinAyaka paMDita ke zubhanAma se prasiddha eka kAzInivAsI dhrmshaastrkaar| bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke dhanikoM kI ora se naMdapaMDita ko Azraya prApta thaa| loga inheM dharmAdhikArI mAnate the| graMtharacanA - vidvanmanoharA (pArAzarasmRti para TIkA), pramitAkSarA va pratItAkSarA (mitAkSarA para TIkA), zrAddhakalpalatA, smRtisiMdhu (isakI racanA maheMdra gharAne ke maMgo rAjA ke putra harivaMza varmA ke nirdezAnusAra), tattvamuktAvali, kezavavaijayaMtI (athavA vaijayaMtI), isameM karnATaka sthita vijayapura ke brAhmaNa rAjavaMza kI jAnakArI hai| (yaha graMtha koDapa nAyaka ke putra kezava nAyaka ke nAma para hai) navarAtrapradIpa, harivaMzavilAsa, kAzIprakAza, tIrthakalpalatA, zuddhicaMdrikA, kAlanirNayakautuka, jyotiHsArasamuccaya, smArtasamuccaya aura dttkmiimaaNsaa| naMdalAla vidyAvinoda - sana 1885 I. meM prakAzita "garvapariNati" nAmaka nATaka ke lekhk| baMgAla ke nivaasii| naMdikezvara - "abhinayadarpaNa' nAmaka nRtya kalA viSayaka graMtha ke prnnetaa| rAjazekhara ne apanI "kAvyamImAMsA" meM kAvya vidyA kI utpatti para vicAra karate hue kAvyapuruSa ke 18 snAtakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unameM naMdikezvara kA bhI nAma hai| inhoMne rasa viSaya para graMtha likhA thA, aisA rAjazekhara kA mata hai / ___"rasAdhikArikaM nNdikeshvrH'| bahuta dinoM taka bharata va naMdikezvara ko eka hI vyakti mAnA jAtA rahA, kiMtu "abhinaya darpaNa" ke prakAzita ho jAne se yaha bhrama dUra ho gyaa| naMdikezvara ne apane graMtha meM bharata dvArA nirmita "nATyazAstra" kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki donoM hI vyakti bhinna the aura naMdikezvara bharata ke paravartI the| DaoN. manamohana ghoSa ne "abhinayadarpaNa" ke AMglAnuvAda kI bhUmikA meM siddha kiyA hai ki naMdikezvara kA samaya 5 vIM zatAbdI hai, para aneka vidvAna inheM 12 vIM va 13 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kA mAnate haiN| naMdipati - I. 18 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / pugaulI (mithilA) nivaasii| kRtiyAM- kRSNakelimAlA tathA do aprApta nATakakadambakelimAlA aura rukmiNIsvayaMvara naMdI - nandI athavA taNDu yA nandikezvara nAmoM ko abhinavagupta ne paryAyavAcaka mAnA hai| abhinavabhAratI ke caturtha adhyAya meM nandimata kA ullekha hai| bharatamuni ke tANDava zikSaka hone kI bAta taNDu nAma se hI pramANita ho jAtI hai| yaha tANDava nRtya sAkSAt ziva se nandI ne pAyA thaa| vAstava meM taNDu tathA nandI do bhinna AcArya haiM aisA vAcaspati gairolA kA mata hai| nandI kA suprasiddha graMtha "abhinayadarpaNa" hai jo atyaMta lokapriya rahA hai| nandikezvara kA "nandibharatoktasaMkarahastAdhyAya" nAmaka hastalikhita graMtha apUrNa prApta hotA hai aisA zrI zukla kA mata hai| bharata ke nATyazAstra kI puSpikA meM "nandipraNItaM saMgItapustakaM" ke ullekha se nandi tathA bharata ko eka mAnane kA upakrama bhI huA hai| vAstava meM bharata ke ziSyatva tathA naMdi ke mahattva kA hI yaha saMketa hai| rAjazekhara ne "rUpaka-nirUpaNIyaM bharataH" tathA "rasAdhikArikaM nandikezvaraH" likhakara isa tathya kA samarthana kiyA hai| vAcaspati gairolA ne manamohana ghoSa, rAmakRSNa kavi Adi vidvAnoM ke etadviSayaka vicAroM kA vivecana karate hue "abhinayadarpaNa" ke kartA nandikezvara ke samaya ko terahavIM zatI ke AsapAsa sthira kiyA hai| naMdIzvara - I. 12 vIM shtii| ye keralI' brAhmaNa the| mImAMsA para likhe gaye inake graMtha kA nAma hai prbhaakrvijy| yaha graMtha prabhAkaramata kI pravezikA hI hai| naMdIzvara ne apane isa graMtha meM zAlikanAtha va bhavanAtha nAmaka do pUrvasUriyoM kA sAdara ullekha kiyA hai| isa graMtha ke Aja kevala ikkIsa prakaraNa hI upalabdha haiN| nabhaHprabhedana- Rgveda kA 10-112 yaha sUkta Apake nAma para hai| isa sUkta kA viSaya hai indra kA parAkrama aura somarasa kI stuti / nayacandra sUri- jainamatIya kRSNagaccha ke sthApaka jayasiMhasUri ke shissy| prasiddha naiyaayik| samaya-I. 15 vIM shtii| graMtha(1) hammIra-mahAkAvya (vi. saM. 1448)- gvAliyara ke tomara nRpati vIramadeva kI preraNA se nirmit| raNastaMbhapura ke yuddha (vi.saM. 1357) meM alAuddIna khilajI ke sAtha vIratApUrvaka lar3ane vAlA yoddhA hammIradeva isa kAvya kA nAyaka hai| 14 soM meM 1572 padya haiN| yaha duHkhAnta mahAkAvya hai| (2) rambhAmaMjarI- prAkRta bhASIya sadRka, jisameM saMskRta kA bhI prayoga hai| hammIra mahAkAvya kI nirmiti se saMbaMdhita eka ghaTanA, svayaM kavi ke hI zabdoM meM isa prakAra hai__eka bAra tomara vIra kI rAjasabhA meM kisI ne kahA ki prAcIna kaviyoM ke samAna kAvya karane kI zakti aba kisI bhI kavi meM dikhAI nahIM detii| ina zabdoM se tilamilAkara tathA usa AvhAna ko svIkAra karate hue nayacaMdra sUri ne zrRMgAra, vIra va adbhuta rasoM yukta caudaha sargo kA kAvya prastuta kara vIra hammIra ke zauryazAlI jIvana ko amara kara diyaa| nayacaMdra ke isa kAvya meM jaina kavi amaracaMdra kA lAlitya aura zrIharSa kI vakrimA parilakSita hotI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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gacA hA nayasena- mUlasaMgha-senAnvaya-candrakavATa anvaya ke vidvAna aura viSaya-maisUranareza kA critr| vizacakravartI narendrasUri ke shissy| vyAkaraNa aura nyAyazAstra narasiMhAcArya svAmI- janma- san 1842 meM vijayanagara ke ke vidvAna / cAlukyavaMzIya bhuvanaikamalla (san 1069-1076) samIpa siMhAcalam meN| pitaa-viirraaghv| pitAmaha-nRsiMhArya / dvArA prshNsit| malliSeNa ke guru jinasena ke sdhrmaa| samaya- vijayanagaranareza Ananda gajapatinAtha (1851-1897 I.) kA I. 11-12 vIM shtii| graMtha-katraDavyAkaraNa aura dhrmaamRt| samAzraya praapt| saMskRta, prAkRta aura kannaDa ke vidvaan| graMtha kannaDa meM hote kRtiyAM- ujjvalAnanda (upanyAsa), alaMkAra-sArasaMgraha, hue bhI saMskRta se atyadhika prabhAvita / nItirahasya, rAmacandrakathAmRta, bhAgavata i. graMtha tathA cAra naracaMdra upAdhyAya- samaya- I. 14 vIM shtaabdii| inhoMne nATaka-vAsavI-pArAzarIya, rAjahaMsIya (prakaraNa), gajendra (vyAyoga) jyotiSa-zAstra-viSayaka aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI thI, kintu tathA shiitsuury| kula gyAraha graMthoM ke lekhk| saMprati "beDAjAtaka vRtti" va jyotiSa-prakAza" nAmaka graMtha hI prApta hote hai| "beDAjAtaka vRtti" kA racanAkAla saM. 1324 narahari - inakA "yAdavarAghavIya" nAmaka kAvya (dvayarthI) mAgha sudi 8 ravivAra batAyA jAtA hai| "jyotiSa-prakAza" kRSNa aura rAma ke caritra para AdhArita hai| isake atirikta phalita jyotiSa kI mahattvapUrNa racanA hai jisameM muhUrta va saMhitA racanA :- chndHsundrm| cndrlkssmotprekssaa| shRNgaarshtkm| kA suMdara vivecana hai| "beDAjAtaka vRtti' meM lagna va caMdramA. narendranAtha caudhurI- I. 20 vIM shtii| kAvya-tattva-samIkSA ke dvArA sabhI phaloM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| nAmaka graMtha ke rcyitaa|| narendra sena- I. 18 vIM shtii| narendra sena nAma ke aneka narapati mahAmizra- nyAsaprakAza ke lekhk| samaya- vi. saM. vidvAna hue haiN| unameM "siddhAntasAra" ke kartA narendra sena aura 15 vIM zatI (puurvaardh)| inake atirikta jinendrabuddhi ke nyAsa "pramANaprameyakalikA" nAmaka nyAyaviSayaka graMtha ke lekhaka para puNDarIkAkSa vidyAsAgara aura ratnamati kI TIkAeM ullikhita haiN| narendrasena, prasiddha haiN| unake guru the chatrasena / narasiMha- zrImadhvAcArya ke RgbhASya para jayatIrthakRta TIkA-graMtha "dharmaratnAkara" ke kartA narendra, jayasena ke vaMzaja haiN| ye ke vivRtikaar| ve karnATaka aura mahArASTra kI sImA para rahate guNasena ke ziSya the| samaya- I. 18 vIM shtaabdii| the aisA anumAna, unake ubhayabhASAparicAyaka kucha sthaloM ke racanA-siddhAntasAra-saMgraha / tattvArthasUtra aura amitagati zrAvakAcAra AdhAra se hotA hai| se prabhAvita / narendrasena ke nAma se eka pratiSThA-graMtha bhI milatA hai| TI. narasiMha ayyaMgAra- (aprnaam-klkisiNh)| i. 1867-1935 / baMgalora meM praadhyaapk| racanAeM- pusspaaNjlistotrm| narendrAcArya- samaya- vi. saM. 1110 / sArasvata vyAkaraNa ke puSpasenasamaya rAjyArohaNam (nATaka) evaM tamilavaiSNavagItoM ke prvktaa| isa mUla vyAkaraNa kI prakriyA ko sarala karane vAle anuvaad| anubhUtisvarUpAcArya, narendrAcArya aura narendrasena, eka hI vyakti narasiMhakavi- alaMkAra-zAstra ke eka aacaary| inhoMne / haiN| aneka vyAkaraNoM ke jnyaataa| mUla graMtha apraapy| ataH "naMjarAja-yazobhUSaNa" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA, vidyAnAtha kRta usakI prakriyA ko sarala karane vAlI narendrAcArya kI kRti hI "pratAparudra -yazobhUSaNa" ke anukaraNa para kI hai| yaha graMtha sArasvata vyAkaraNa ke nAma se jJAta hai| isa para 18 TIkAeM maisUra rAjya ke maMtrI naMjarAja kI stuti meM likhA gayA hai| likhI gaIM tathA aneka rUpAntara kiye gae hai|| isakA prakAzana gAyakavADa orieMTala sIrIja graMtha-saMkhyA 47 navaraMga- jainsNprdaayii| 17 vIM zatI / racanA- prmhNs-critm| se ho cukA hai| nallA dIkSita - samaya- 1684 se 1710 ii.| kauzika narasiMha kavi - racanA- zivanArAyaNamahodayam ke lekhk| gotriiy| apara nAma "bhuuminaath"| "abhinava-bhojarAja" kI narasiMha kavirAja- dAkSiNAtya vaidika brAhmaNa / pitaa-niilknntth| upAdhi / cola pradeza meM kumbhakoNam ke samIpa "kaNDaramANikya" kRti-madhumatI nAmaka vaidyakazAstraviSayaka grNth| agrahAra meM jnm| pitA-bAlacaMdra / guru-rAmabhadra dIkSita ke hI narasiMha mizra- utkala pradeza meM mayUrabhaMja ke nikaTa keojhara parivAra se sNbdhd| ziSya-sadAziva brahmendra aura rAmanAtha ke rAjA balabhadra bhaMja (1764-1782 I.) ke dvArA sammAnita / mkhiindr| apane "dharmavijayacaMpU' meM taMjaura ke zAsaka rAjA "zivanArAyaNa-bhaMjamahodaya" nATaka ke rciytaa| zAhajI kI jIvana-gAthA prastuta kI hai| anya kRtiyAMnarasiMhAcArya- I. 20 vIM shtii| yaha madrAsa ke paNDita haiN| zRMgArasarvasva (bhANa), subhadrApariNaya, jIvanmuktikalyANa aura inakA "AryanaiSadham" nAmaka kAvya, AryAvRtta meM "naiSadha" cittavRtti-kalyANa nAmaka 3 nATaka aura advaitamaMjarI nAmaka kAvya kA saMkSepa hai| nibNdh| prathama do kRtiyoM kI racanA satrahavIM zatI aMtima narasiMhAcArya esa.- racanA- kRssnnraajendryshovilaascmpuu| caraNa meN| zeSa tIna aThArahavIM zatI prathama caraNa meN| 346 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kerala-nivAsI / navakRSNadAsaaThArahavI zatI / "kalAvatI - kAmarUpa" nAmaka nATaka ke racayitA / navahasta raghunAtha gaNeza- samaya- 1650-1713 I. / samartha rAmadAsa svAmI ke mitra / taMjaura ke rAjA ekojI (vyaMkojI) bhosale (jo chatrapati zivAjI ke sautele bhAI the) kI patnI dIpAbAI ke Azrita hokara rhe| inakA "bhojanakuhala" nAmaka graMtha bhAratIya pAkazAstraviSayaka eka mattvapUrNa graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| anya graMtha hai- sAhityakutUhala, prAyazcittakutUhala, janArdana mahodadhi, dharmamitra- mahodadhi, kAzI-mImAMsA marAThI bhASA meM "narakavarNana" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA raghunAtha navahasta ne kI hai / anantadeva inake guru the| bhojanakutUhala meM ekeka bhojyapadArtha ke kaI prakAra batAe gae haiN| lekhaka mahArASTrIya hone ke kAraNa, mahArASTrIya bhojana padArthoM kA varNana adhika mAtrA meM milA hai| dAkSiNAtya iTalI kA bhI varNana "bhojanakutUhala" meM hai| nAgacandra- aparanAma - abhinava pampa sarasvatI aura lakSmI kA anUThA samanvaya sthala / bIjApura meM vizAla mallinAtha jina mandira nirmAtA / bIjApura nivaasii| guru- vakragaccha ke vidvAn meghacandra ke sahAdhyAyI bAlacandra / samaya- I. 12 vIM zatI / graMthamallinAthapurANa (14 AzvAsa) aura rAmAyaNa | nAgacandra- mUlasaMgha, dezIvagaNa, pustakagaccha ke vidvAn lalitakIrti tathA devacandra munIndra ke ziSya karnATakavAsI viprakula gotra zrIvatsa / pArzvanAtha aura gumarAmbA ke putra / samaya- I. 16 vIM zatI racanA viSApahArastotra ekIbhAvastotra Adi para ttiikaaeN| nAgadeva I. 14 vIM zatI pitA mallugitU sArasvata kula meM utpanna / cikitsAzAstra ke jAnakAra haradeva dvArA likhita apabhraMza ke mathapAparAjaDa graMtha ke AdhAra para kavi ne saMskRta meM madanaparAjaya nAmaka rUpaka kAvya kI racanA kii| nAgavarma ( prathama ) - nAgavarma nAma ke do jaina kavi haiN| prathama nAgavarma beMgIdeza ke beMgIpura nagara nivAsI kauDiNya gotrIya benAmayya brAhmaNa ke putra / mAtA-polakacve / gurunAma - ajitasenAcArya / rakkasagaMgarAja ( rAcamalla ke bhAI) tathA cAmuNDarAya ( I. 984-999) ke darabArI kavi | yoddhA bhI the| samaya- I. 10-11 vIM zatI graMtha chando'mbunidhi tathA kAdambarI kA padyAnuvAda | nAgavarma (dvitIya) - nAgavarma dvitIya janmataH brAhmaNa the / pitA dAmodara cAlukyanareza jagadekamalla ke senApati aura jana kavi ke guru kannaDa sAhitya meM kavitA-guNodaya" nAma se khyaatipraapt| samaya I. 12 vIM zatAbdI / graMtha-kAvyAvalokana, karnATaka bhASAbhUSaNa aura vastukoza karnATaka bhASAbhUSaNa saMskRta meM kannar3a bhASA kA utkRSTa vyAkaraNa hai| isameM mUla sUtra aura vRtti saMskRta meM tathA udAharaNa kannaDa meM diye gae haiN| isI ko Adarza mAna kara bhaTTAkalaMka dvitIya (sana 1604) ne kannaDa kA zabdAnuzAsana nAmaka saMskRta vyAkaraNa likhA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir "vastukoza" kavaDa meM prayukta hone vAle saMskRta zabdoM kA artha batalAne vAlA padyamaya nighaNTu yA koza hai| "kAvyAvalokana " alaMkAra zAstra kA graMtha hai| 1 nAgArjuna - baudhda paMDita / samaya-134- se 220 I. 1 racanA- arjunabharatam nAmaka (aMzataH prApta) saMgIta viSayaka graMtha / nAgArjuna samaya 166-196 I. baudhda-darzana ke eka siddhAMtazUnyavAda ke pravartaka tathA use dArzanika rUpa dene vAle ucca zreNI ke dArzanika inhoMne baudhda sAhitya ko aneka graMtha diye haiN| bhArata kI apekSA tibbata, cIna, maMgoliyA Adi bAhya dezoM meM adhika vikhyAta haiN| inake sthala-kAlAdi tathA jIvanacaritra viSayaka tathya ajJAta haiN| itanA nizcita huA hai ki ye dArzanika nAgArjuna, tAntrika nAgArjuna tathA rAsAyanika nAgArjuna se bhinna haiN| cInI tathA tibbatI-paramparA meM ye tInoM eka hI vyakti mAne gae haiN| ArogyamaMjarI, yoga- zataka, rasaratnAkara tathA rasendrabhaMga Adi graMthoM ke racayitA tathA tAntrika nAgArjuna sarvathA bhinna hai| lohazAstravid tRtIya nAgArjuna kalpanAmAtra hai| rAsAyanika tAMtrika tathA lohazAstravida nAgArjuna I. pU. 2 yA 3 rI zatI ke mAne jAte haiN| ataH dArzanika baudhda nAgArjuna, unase pazcAta hI hai| cInI va tibbatI bhASA meM inake 20 graMthoM ke anuvAda prApta hote haiM / prakhyAta baudhda bhikSu tathA saMskRta graMthoM ke cInI rUpAntarakAra kumArajIva ne nAgArjuna tathA vasubandhu kA jIvana-vRttAnta likhA hai (cInI anuvAda I. 405) / usase jJAta hotA hai kI nAgArjuna dakSiNa kosala yA prAcIna vidarbha ke nivAsI the / prathama brAhmaNa the kintu zrIkRSNa evaM gaNeza kI preraNA se baudhdadharma svIkRta / tAranAtha ke anusAra guru-rAhulabhadra / veda-brAhmaNa ke adhyayana ke uparAnta baudhda dharmagraMthoM kA parizIlana kiyaa| vhena sAMga ke anusAra ye bauddha dharma ke cAra sUryA meM se eka the| samaya ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM meM ekamata nahIM hai| racanAeM (1) mAdhyamikakArikA (2) dazabhUmi vibhASAzAstra, (3) mahAyajJApAramitA sUtrakArikA (4) upAyakauzalya, (5) pramANavidhvaMsana, (6) jimahayyAvartinI (7) catuHstava, (8) yuktiSaSTikA (9) zUnyatAsaptati (10) pratItyasamutpAdahRdaya, (11) mahAyAnaviMzaka, (12) sahRllekha, (13) eka zlokazAstra (14) prazAdaNDa, (15) niropamyastava aura ( 16 ) acintyastava aadi| inameM se kevala do graMtha (kra. 1 aura 6) mUla saMskRta rUpa meM prApta hote haiN| nAgeza paNDita samaya I. 20 vIM zatI muMbaI ke gokuladAsa tejapAla saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya ke chAtra vyAkaraNAcArya kAvyatIrtha zAligrAma dvivedI tathA acyuta pAdhye ke sAtha " bhrAnta - bhArata" nATaka kI racanA kii| nAgeza bhaTTa ( mahAbala bhaTTa) san 1741-1782 Apako mahAbala bhaTTa bhI kahA jAtA thaa| karnATaka ke kAravAra For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 347

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra jile ke haladIpura nAmaka gAMva meM ApakA janma huaa| Apa vaiSNava sampradAyI sArasvata brAhmaNa the| pitA- veMkaTezabhaTTa | mAtA - satIdevI / dharmazAstra, jyotiSa, yAjJika Adi viSayoM meM nAgezabhaTTa niSNAta the| yaha vidyA unhoMne apane pitAzrI se hI prApta kI thii| www.kobatirth.org nAgezabhaTTa ne dharmazAstra tathA jyotiSa zAstra para 6 bar3e-bar3e graMtha likhe| inake smRtyarthamuktAvalI, tAMtrikamuktAvalI aura Agama nAmaka tIna graMtha dharmazAstra viSayaka hai tathA AyataMtra AryAkautuka aura mahAbalisiddhAMta nAmaka tIna graMtha haiM gaNita viSayaka / kanArTaka ke logoM ne nAgezabhaTTa ko zrautasmArta kamoM meM agramAna diyA thaa| yaha sammAna unake vaMzajoM ko Aja taka prApta hai| nAgezabhaTTa ko AsapAsa ke gAMva vAloM kI aura se bhUmi, varSAsana Adi aneka suvidhAeM pradAna kI gaI thiiN| nAgojI bhaTTa samaya 1700-50 ke lgbhg| kAzI ke eka prasiddha mahArASTrIya vaiyAkaraNa va dArzanika pitA- zivabhaTTa mAtA satI / kAle aura upAdhye inake kulanAma (upanAma) the| uttarabhAratIya zrRMgaverapura ke rAjA rAmarAjA inake AzrayadAtA the / nAgojI bhaTTa ne bhaTTojI dIkSita ke pautra hari dIkSita ke yahAM vyAkaraNa zAstra kA, tathA paMDita rAmarAma bhaTTAcArya ke yahAM nyAyazAstra kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| inake tIsare guru the zaMkarabhaTTa / vyAkaraNa, dharmazAstra, alaMkArazAstra, itihAsa, purANa, kAvyazAstra, sAMkhya, yoga Adi vividha viSayoM para nAgojI bhaTTa ne tIsa se adhika graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| tIrtheduzekhara, AcAreMduzekhara, azaucanirNaya tithIndusAra Adi hai inake dharmazAstraviSayaka graMtha / kintu pANinIya vyAkaraNa para likhita mahAbhASyapradIpodyota paribhASeMduzekhara, laghuzabdeduzekhara, bRhatzabdeduzekhara, vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjarI nAmaka graMthoM tathA rasagaMgAdhara va rasataraMgiNI ina sAhityazAstrIya graMthoM para likhe gaye bhASyoM ke kAraNa unakI kIrti dUra-dUra taka phailii| apane guru ke prati zraddhAdara vyakta karane hetu nAgojI bhaTTa ne "zabdaratna" nAmaka vyAkaraNaviSayaka graMtha kI racanA karate hue, use unhIMke nAma se prasiddha kiyA / aneka zAstroM para vipula graMtha - racanA karane para bhI unakI vidvattA kA pramukha kSetra vyAkaraNazAstra hI thaa| inakA pAMDitya jJAnakoza ke svarUpa kA thaa| Apane pacAsa varSo se bhI adhika kAlAvadhi taka zAstropAsanA kI / eka AkhyAyikA ke anusAra, jayapura ke rAjA savAI jayasiMha ne san 1714 meM adhametha kA paurohitya karane hetu nimaMtraNa kiyA thA, kintu svayaM dvArA kSetrasaMnyAsa liye jAne kA kAraNa batAkara nAgojI bhaTTa ne usa nimaMtraNa ko asvIkAra kara diyaa| kAzIkSetra meM 62 varSa kI Ayu meM ApakA dehAMta huaa| nAthamuni samaya- 824 se 924 I. / dakSiNa bhArata ke vaiSNavoM meM raMganAtha muni ke nAma se vikhyAta viziSTAdvaitavAda 348 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ke AcArya tamila veda ke punruddhaark| zaThakopAcArya kI ziSya paraMparA meM Ate haiM janmasthAna vIranArAyaNapuram zrIraMgam meM nivAsa / nAthamuni ko siddhiyAM prApta thIM / ataH unheM yogIMdra bhI kahA karate the| unake mUla nAma kA patA nahIM cltaa| saMnyAsa lene ke pazcAt ve nAthamuni khlaae| nAthamuni saMskRta va tamIla ina donoM bhASAoM ke paMDita the| ApakA sabase baDA vADmayIna kArya hai AlavAra saMtoM ke gItoM kA saMkalana evaM saMpAdana "nAlAviradivyaprabaMdham" nAmaka saMkalana meM bAraha AlavAroM ke cAra hajAra gItoM kA saMgraha hai| nammAlavAra kI ziSyaparaMparA ke parAMkuza muni the nAthamuni ke guru nAthamuni ke gyAraha ziSyoM meM, puMDarIkAkSa, kuskanAtha aura lakSmInAtha pramukha the| unhoMne bhI apane guru ke bhaktisiddhAMta kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| rAmAnujAcArya ke viziSTAdvaita mata kI nIMva, nAthamuni ne hI ddaalii| vedAntadezika nAmaka AcArya to nAthamuni ko hI viziSTAdvaita saMpradAya ke saMsthApaka mAnate haiN| nAthamuni dvArA likhita saMskRta graMthoM ke nAma haiM- nyAyatattva, puruSanizcaya aura yogarahasya inameM se nyAyatatva ko viziSTAdvaita mata kA sarvaprathama graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| zrInivAsadAsa nAmaka paMDita ne apane graMtha meM nAthamuni kA ullekha vyAsa aura bodhAyana ke samakakSa kiyA hai| nAthamuni ke pautra yAmunAcArya, prasiddha rAmAnujAcArya ke guru the / nAnyadeva - tirahuta (mithilA) ke rAjA / baMgAla ke vijasena dvArA I.sa. 1160 meM parAsta / nepAla kI tarAI meM karkoTaka-vaMza ke rAjya-saMsthApaka / rAjyakAla (levI ke anusAra ) I.sa. 1097 se 1147 taka / racanA- sarasvatI - hRdayabhUSaNa yA sarasvatI hRdyaalNkaarhaar| atirikta racanAeM mAlatImAdhava-TIkA, bharatanATya zAstrabhASya ( bharatavArtika) / 'abhinava bhAratI' meM abhinava gupta ne "uktaM nAnyadevena svabharatabhASye" aisA nirdeza kiyA hai| isase bhArata bhASyakartA nAnyadeva kA astitva siddha hotA hai| nAbhAka Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke kramAMka 39 se 42 taka ke sUkta nAbhAka ke nAma para haiN| inhoMne eka RcA meM apane nAma kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| (8-41-2) / ye kaNvakula ke hoNge| Apane apane eka sUkta meM mAMdhAtA kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH ve mAMdhAtA ke uttarakAlIna hone caahiye| vAyu, bhAgavata va viSNu ina purANoM meM dI gaI vaMzAvalI ke anusAra Apa zruta ke putra haiM kintu matsya purANa meM Apako bhagIratha kA putra kahA gayA hai| nAbhAka ke sUktoM kA viSaya hai agni evaM varuNa kI stuti / unake matAnusAra agni kAvyaspUrti kA poSaNa karane vAlA hai| vaha devatAoM meM vAsa karatA hai| vaha sAta RSikuloM kA agraNI hai| nAbhAka ne agni se duSTavinAzaka zakti kI yAcanA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra kI hai| tatsaMbaMdhI unakI eka RcA isa prakAra hai nyagne navyasA vacastanUSu zaMsameSAm / nyarAtI rarAvNAM vizvA ayo arArito yuccchantvAmuro nabhantAmanyake sme|| (R. 8-39-2) artha hai agnideva hamArI isa apUrva prArthanA se ina (duSToM) kI gAliyoM ko unake zarIroM hI meM bhasma kara ddaaliye| usI prakAra dAnazIla bhaktoM ke zatru aura AryoM ke sabhI zatru mUDha hokara yahAM se pUrI taraha calate bane tathA sabhI duSToM kA nAza ho jaaye| nAbhAka ne apanI eka RcA meM apane kAvya ke mananIya hone kA AtmavizvAsa vyakta kiyA hai (R. 8-39-3) / www.kobatirth.org nAbhAnediSTha Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 61 va 62 kramAMka sUkta inake nAma para haiN| vizvedevoM kI prArthanA ina sUktoM kA viSaya hai| nAbhAnediSTha haiM manu ke putra / inakI kathA isa prakAra hai : - nAbhAnediSTha jaba vidyArjana hetu gurugRha rahate the, taba unake tIna bhAiyoM ne samUce pitRdhana ko Apasa meM bAMTa liyaa| ghara lauTane para jaba unhoMne apane hisse ke bAre pUchA, to unake pitA bole- "vatsa, saMpatti kA baMTavArA kyA koI baDI bAta haiM / tuma acche suzikSita ho| tumheM kahIM para bhI saMpatti prApta ho sakatI hai / aba yadi tumheM saMpatti cAhiye hI ho to suno| pAsa hI navagva aMgirasa svarga-prApti ke liye eka yajJa kara rahe haiN| usa yajJa meM 6 dinoM taka anuSThAna karane para unako buddhibhrama hogaa| taba tuma vahAM eka sUkta khnaa| isase unakA kArya saphala hogA aura ve tumheM eka sahasra godhana deMge / taba nAbhAnediSTha yajJasthala phuNce| sAtaveM dina yajJa meM gar3abar3I ho gii| yaha dekha nAbhAnedina Age bar3e aura "idamitthA" (Rgveda 10-61) yaha sUkta unhoMne kahA / pariNAmasvarupa yajJa kI nirvighna saphala samApti huii| nAbhAnediSTha kI vidvattA se aMgirasa prasanna hue, aura unhoMne nAbhAnediSTha ko eka sahasra godhana dAna meM diyA / isa godhana ko ghara le jAte samaya mArga meM unheM vAstoSyati rudra mile| bole "yaha merA bhAga hone ke kAraNa, yaha godhana tuma mujhe de ddaalo|" sunakara nAbhAnediSTha ne kahA" apane pitA kI sUcanAnusAra maine isa dAna kA svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH meM vaha tumheM nahIM duuNgaa| taba rudra bole- "acchA, to tuma jAkara isa bAre meM apane pitA se pUcha Ao aura phira mujhe ucita uttara do|" tadanusAra nAbhAnediSTha ne jAkara apane pitA se pUchA / pitA ne batAyA- "vatsa, vaha bhAga rudra kA hI hai"| nAbhAnedie ne lauTakara pitA kA nirNaya jyoM-kA-tyoM sunA diyaa| isa satya kathana se rudra prasanna hue aura unhoMne vaha godhana nAbhAnediSTa ko puraskAra meM de diyaa| nyAyya va satya bhASaNa unheM atyaMta priya hai| unake sUktoM para se bhI - yahI bAta parilakSita hotI hai| ve kahate haiN| makSU kanAyAH sakhyaM navagvA RtaM vadataM Rtayuktimagmam / dvivarhaso ya upa gopamAgudakSiNAso acyutA dudukSan / / (12-61-10) artha- nyAya bhASaNa tathA dharmAnukUla yojanA karane vAle navagvoM ne yuvatI kA prema tatkAla saMpAdana kara liyaa| ve savyasAcI navagva-rakSaka jo devatA kI ora gae unhoMne aihika lAbha kI AzA na kara jo acala evaM zAzvata ke rUpa meM (prasiddha ) thA usI kA dohana kiyaa| inakI kathA aitareya brAhmaNa ke samAna hI sAMkhyAyana brAhmaNa tathA sAMkhyAyana zrautasUtra meM bhI AyI hai| nArada kANva paurANika nArada se ye bhinna haiN| Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala kA 13 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| indra kI stuti isa sUkta kA viSaya hai| RSi nArada kANva kahate haiN| ki jisa prakAra indra balavAna aura sajjanapratipAlaka hai, usI prakAra ve kAvya ke sphUrtidAtA bhI haiN| unake sUkta kI eka RcA isa prakAra hai : vRSAyamindra te ratha uto te vRSaNA harI / vRSA tvaM zatakrato vRSA havaH / / ( 8-13-31) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - artha- he indra, tumhArA yaha ratha vIryazAlI hai usI prakAra tumhAre azva bhI vIryazAlI haiN| he apAra kartRttva vAle devatA, Apa svayaM to vIryazAlI haiM hI, kintu ApakA nAmasaMkIrtana bhI vaisA hI vIryazAlI hai| isake atirikta 9 veM maMDala ke 104 aura 105 kramAMka ke do sUkta, parvata nAradI isa saMyukta nAma para hai| soma kI stuti ina sUktoM kA viSaya hai| nArAyaNa I. chaThI zatI / vaidika sAhitya meM nArAyaNa nAma ke aneka lekhaka hue hai| skandasvAmI, nArAyaNa aura udgItha ina tIna AcAryoM ne mila kara Rgveda para bhASya racanA kI / nArAyaNa nAmaka anya do vidvAnoM ne AzvalAyana zrautasUtra aura AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra para bhASya likhe haiM / - For Private and Personal Use Only zrImadhvAcArya kRta RgbhASya para jayatIrtha praNIta vyAkhyA kI vivRtti likhane vAle aura eka nArAyaNa hue haiM / RgbhASyakAra nArAyaNa ke putra the sAmaveda-vivaraNakAra mAdhava bhaTTa / unhIM kA zloka bANabhaTTa ne maMgala zloka ke svarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isI AdhAra para nArAyaNAcArya kA kAla sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pahale mAnA gayA hai| AzvalAyana zrautasUtra bhASyakAra nArAyaNAcArya ke pitA kA nAma narasiMha, aura gotra garga thaa| AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra ke bhASyakAra nArAyaNa, zrautasUtra bhASyakAra nArAyaNa se arvAcIna hai| jayatIrtha praNIta vyAkhyA kI vivRtti likhane vAle nArAyaNAcArya bahuta hI arvAcIna haiM isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ho sakatA / nArAyaNa jyotiSa-zAstra ke eka aacaary| samaya 1571 I. / - - saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 349

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ka paat| pitA- anaMtanaMdana, jo TApara grAma ke nivAsI the| inhoMne "muhUrta-mArtaNDa" nAmaka muhUrtaviSayaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai| nArAyaNa nAmaka eka anya vidvAna ne bhI jyotiSa-viSayaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai, jinakA samaya 1588 I. hai| "kezavapaddhati" para racita inakI TIkA prasiddha hai| inhoMne bIjagaNita kA bhI eka graMtha likhA thaa| nArAyaNa - I. 16 vIM shtii| pitA-zaMkara, jinheM gaNita tathA jyotiSajJAna ke kAraNa bRhaspati kA avatAra mAnA gyaa| kerala meM kocIna ke rAjA rAjarAja kA inheM Azraya prApta thaa| gaNita-zAstra ke vizeSajJa hote hue bhI nArAyaNa sAhityopAsaka the| kRtiyAM- mahiSamaMgala (bhANa), rAsakrIDA (padya), uttararAmacarita (campU) aura bhASAnaiSadhacampU (malayAlama bhASA meN)| nArAyaNa gAMgAdhari - samaya 18 vIM zatI / racanA- vikrmsencmpuu|| taMjaura ke zAhajI rAjA ke amAtya tryaMbaka ke pote| nArAyaNa guru - sana 1856-1928 / kerala ke eka mahAn dharmasudhAraka / triveMdrama se sAta mIla kI dUrI para sthita caMbAjhantI grAma tathA eluvA nAmaka aspRzya jAti meM jnm| pitA-mAtana / mAtA- kuhii| prAraMbha meM apane cAcA tathA bAda meM rAman pille nAmaka eka vidvAna se saMskRta bhASA kI zikSA grahaNa kii| kerala pradeza meM usa samaya bhI achUtoM ko saMskRta sIkhane kI chUTa thii| ataH nArAyaNa guru ne prAraMbhika tIna varSoM taka saMskRta va tamila ke vedAntaviSayaka graMthoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura chAtroM ko saMskRta tathA tamila pddhaaii| vedAMta kA adhyayana karate hue unheM virakti utpanna huii| usI avasthA meM unakI bheTa caTTAMbI svAmI aura thaikkara ayyubU nAnaka do yogiyoM se huii| unake mArgadarzana meM nArAyaNaguru ne yogAbhyAsa prAraMbha kiyaa| phira kanyAkumArI ke samIpa maruttamalai nAmaka sthAna para pillA thADama nAmaka guphA meM rahate hue unhoMne ghora tapasyA kii| phira samAja jIvana ke nirIkSaNArtha tamilanADu tathA kerala pradezoM kI yAtrA kii| una dinoM savarNa hinduoM dvArA achUtoM kI baDI avahelanA kI jA rahI thii| aspRzya hone ke kAraNa svayaM nArAyaNa guru ko bhI satata tIsa varSoM taka aneka kaThinAiyAM jhelanI paDI thiiN| usa sthiti se lAbha uThAte hue IsAI tathA musalamAna loga achUtoM ko apane-apane dharmoM meM khIMcane hetu saMlagna the| vizeSa kara machue evaM eluvA jAti ke loga IsAI banAye jA rahe the| usa sthiti ko dekhate hue nArAyaNa guru ne apanI bhArata-bhramaNa kI yojanA sthagita kI aura ve samAjoddhAra ke kArya meM juTa ge| tadartha arUvippurama nAmaka gAva meM unhoMne apanA vAstavya sthira kiyaa| pratidina dhyAna-dhAraNA ke pazcAt nArAyaNa guru dIna-dukhiyoM pariNAmasvarUpa adhikAMza nimna varga ke loga unase prema karane lge| unhoMne adhikArI paruSoM ko paramArtha mArga kA upadeza denA bhI prAraMbha kiyaa| ___ kerala ke vikRta bane dhArmika evaM sAmAjika jIvana ko sudhArane hetu, sarvaprathama unhoMne achUtoddhAra kA kArya prAraMbha kiyaa| usa samaya spRzyoM ke maMdiroM meM achUtoM ko praveza baMdI thI, kintu achUta samAja ke aMtaHkaraNa para susaMskAroM kI dRSTi se, unake liye devAlayoM kA honA Avazyaka thaa| ataH nArAyaNa guru ne eka zivamaMdira bnvaayaa| kisI aspRzya vyakti dvArA nirmita yahI bhArata kA pahalA maMdira hai| bAda meM unhoMne kucha aura maMdiroM kA bhI nirmANa kraayaa| ina maMdiroM ke liye unhoMne eka svataMtra upAsanA-paddhati bhI nirmANa kii| sAtha hI samAja meM vedAMta ke pracAra hetu, nArAyaNa guru ne navIna saMnyAsI-maTha bhI sthApita kiye| alpAvadhi meM hI ye maTha-maMdira, hindU samAja ke saMgaThana tathA jJAna-pracAra ke prabhAvI kendra bana ge| nArAyaNa guru ne sabhI jAtiyoM ko samAna mAnA aura sabhI ko saMnyAsa lene kI chUTa dii| unhoMne aspRzyoM ko advaita kI sIkha dI aura madyapAna para pratibaMdha lgaayaa| pazubali kI prathA kA aMta karate hue Apane aneka sAmAjika sudhAroM kI nIMva rkhii| "sadAcAra hI sarvazreSTha dharma hai| jAtibheda kA vicAra evaM usakI carcA mata kro| isa saMsAra meM kevala eka hI jAti hai, aura vaha hai mAnava jaati| paramAtmA bhI eka hI hai- isa prakAra ke apane upadezoM se nArAyaNa guru ne logoM ke hRdaya jIta liye| pariNAmasvarUpa videzI IsAI dharma kI ora pravAhita aspRzya samAja kA pravAha kerala pradeza meM ruka gyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki yadi nArAyaNa guru na hue hote, to kerala kA bahusaMkhya hindU samAja IsAI bana gayA hotaa| unakA pratipAdana thA ki jatihIna va vargahIna navIna samAja kA nirmANa karane hetu, hindU samAja meM AMtarjAtIya vivAha hone caahiye| jo dharma acchAI kI ora unmukha hone kI preraNA detA hai, vahI saccA dharma hai| nArAyaNa guru ke ina vicAroM evaM kAryakalApoM se, gurudeva ravIndranAtha ThAkura aura mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise zreSTha puruSa bhI unakI ora AkRSTa hue the| zivagiristhita unake Azrama jAkara, ye donoM hI mahApuruSa nArAyaNa guru se mile the| unake dvArA malayAlam bhASIya graMthoM meM "Atmopadezatakam" nAmaka kAvya graMtha meM, unake sabhI upadezoM kA sAra hai| isake atirikta saMskRta meM nArAyaNa guru ne vipula upadezaparaka evaM stotrAtmaka vAGmaya kI nirmiti kI hai, jo graMtharUpa meM prakAzita hai| kerala ke barakama nAmaka gAMva meM ApakA dehAnta huaa| vahAM para unakI samAdhi banAI gaI hai| vahAM ke Azrama meM, niHzulka dene lge| ve auSadhiyAM rAmabANa siddha hone lgiiN| 350 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra hIna kahalAne vAlI aneka jAtiyoM ke logoM ne saMskRta evaM vedAMta kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| nArAyaNatIrtha - I. 17 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| ye smArta brAhmaNa the, aura taMjaura meM rahate the guru-zivarAmAnaMdatIrtha / zrIkRSNalIlA-taraMgiNI (12 taraMga) nAmaka graMtha meM nArAyaNatIrtha ne svayaM kA nirdeza zivarAmAnaMdatIrthapAdasevaka kaha kara kiyA hai| Apane jayadeva ke gItagoviMda kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA thA unheM jayadeva kA avatAra mAnA jAtA hai| nArAyaNatIrtha I. 18 vIM shtii| AMdhra meM godAvarI jile meM kRSimantrI ke nivAsI mImAMsA darzana ke eka prakhyAta vidvAn / saMnyAsa lene ke pahale kA nAma goviMda zAstrI / kAzI ke nIlakaMTha sUri ke suputra zivarAmatIrtha se saMnyAsa-dIkSA lii| dIkSA se pUrva, mImAMsA para bhATTaparibhASA nAmaka graMtha kI racanA / isa graMtha meM jaiminIya sUtra ke bAraha adhyAyoM kA sArAMza saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| mImAMsA ke samAna hI Apane vedAMta para bhI graMtha likhe hai| Apako eka pratibhAzAlI vidvAn ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai / nArAyaNa dIkSita taMjaura ke rAjA zAhajI bhosale (1683-1711) kI rAjasabhA ke sadasya racanA adbhutapaMjara (nATaka) / nArAyaNa paNDita kAla 900 tathA 1373 I. ke bIca mAnA jAtA hai| dhavalacandra kA samAzraya prApta / suprasiddha "hitopadeza" nAmaka nItikathA saMgraha ke racayitA / (2) AzleSAzatakam ke lekhaka / * - * www.kobatirth.org nArAyaNa nAyara kerala meM nemmara grAma ke nivAsI racanAzIlapaTTikAram nAmaka prasiddha malayAlam bhASIya graMtha kA anuvAda / nArAyaNa bhaTTa samaya- I. 16 vIM zatI / janma- madurA ke nivAsI eka bhRguvaMzI dIkSita brAhmaNa kula meM / bAlyakAla se hI kRSNabhakti meM pale hue nArAyaNabhaTTa, bAda meM sthAyI nivAsa hetu brajamaMDala gae aura vahAM para unhoMne kRSNadAsa brahmacArI se dIkSA grahaNa kii| nArAyaNabhaTTa ne brajamaMDala ke mAhAtmya ko bahuta vRddhiMgata kiyaa| bhAgavata tathA varAhAdi purANoM meM zrIkRSNa lIlA ke jina sthAnoM kA ullekha hai, ve sthAna kAlapravAha meM vismRta ho cuke the| nArAyaNabhaTTa ne una sthAnoM ko khoja nikAlA aura brajamaMDala ke vanoM, upavanoM, tIthoM tathA devI-devatAoM kA mAhAtya vRddhiMgata karane kI dRSTi se evaM kRSNabhakti ke prasArArtha aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| usI prakAra bhaktoM dvArA kRSNalIlA kA anukaraNa kiyA jAne hetu unhoMne rAsa nRtya kA bhI prasAra kiyaa| tadartha unhoMne brajamaMDala meM aneka sthAnoM para rAsa-maMDaloM kI sthApanA kii| nArAyaNabhaTTa ne saMskRta bhASA meM vrajotsavacaMdrikA, vrajotsavAhlAdinI brajabhaktivilAsa, bhaktabhUSaNasaMdarbha Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bRhatnajaguNotsava, bhaktiviveka, sAdhanadIpikA Adi sATha graMtha likhe hai| govardhana parvata ke samIpa sthita rAdhAkuMDa ke taTa para bAraha varSo taka vAstavya karane ke pazcAt nArAyaNabhaTTa brajamaMDala ke aMtargata UMcegAva meM rahane gae, aura vahAM para unhoMne apanA gRhasthajIvana prAraMbha kiyaa| UMcegAMva meM unhoMne baladevajI kI, aura barasAnA meM lADalIlAlajI kI pUjA-arcA prAraMbha kii| vaha vRtti (kArya) unake vaMzajoM dvArA abhI taka cAlU hai / UMcegAMva meM hI nArAyaNabhaTTa kI samAdhi hai / nArAyaNabhaTTa janma sana 1513 meM eka zreSTha mImAMsaka tathA dharmazAstrI / vizvAmitra gotrIya dezastha RgvedI braahmnn| mUla nivAsasthAna paiThaNa (mhaaraassttr)| kuladevatA - kolhApura kI mahAlakSmI / kahate haiM ki inake pitA rAmezvarabhaTTa ne putraprApti ke hetu mahAlakSmIjI kI manautI mAnI thI aura unhIM ke kRpAprasAda se nArAyaNabhaTTa kA janma huA / inake putra kA nAma zaMkarabhaTTa / Apane apane pitAjI ke pAsa hI zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| rAjA ToDaramala se inakI mitratA thI / gAdhivezAnucarita tathA bhaTTa nAmaka graMthoM ke ullekhAnusAra nArAyaNabhaTTa ne baMgAla va mithilA ke paMDitoM ko vAda vivAda meM parAjita kiyA thaa| ApakI vidvattA ke kAraNa hI kAzIkSetra meM dAkSiNAtya paMDitoM ko pratiSThA prApta huI thii| Apane kAzI meM mahArASTrIya logoM kI eka bastI bsaaii| utkRSTa vidvattA tathA sadAcaraNa ke kAraNa Apako "jagadguru" kI padavI prApta huI thI / ataH maMtrajAgara ke prasaMga para samasta vaidikoM meM inake gharAne ko agrapUjA kA sammAna diyA jAne lagA, jo abhI taka cAlU hai| inake vaMzajoM ne inheM pratyakSa viSNu kA avatAra mAnA hai nirNayAsiMdhukAra kamalAkara bhaTTa kahate haiM "vedoM ke uddiSTa dharma kI rakSArtha zrIhari ne nArAyaNabhaTTa ke nAma se manuSya rUpa dhAraNa kiyA, mere aise pitAmaha ko maiM vaMdana karatA huuN| 1 kahA jAtA hai ki mugaloM dvArA udhvasta kAzI vizvezvara kA maMdira inhoMne phira se banavAyA thA / inhoMne pArthasArathI mizra ke zAstradIpikA nAmaka graMtha ke eka bhAga para TIkA likhI aura dUsare bhAga para unake suputra zaMkarabhaTTa ne nArAyaNabhaTTa kI vRttaratnAkara para likhI TIkA prasiddha hai, aura unake mUhUrtamArtaMDa, aMtyeSTi-paddhati, tristhalIkhetu tathA prayogaratna nAmaka graMtha ullekhanIya hai| prayogarala meM vivAha se garbhAdhAna taka ke sabhI saMskAroM kA inhoMne vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| anya graMtha avananirNaya, ArAmotsargapaddhati AturasaMnyAsavidhi, jIvacchraddhaprayoga AhitAgnimaraNadAhAdi paddhati, mahArudrapaddhati athavA rudrapaddhati, kAzImaraNamuktiviveka, gotrapravaranirNaya, tithinirNaya, tulApuruSadAnaprayoga, divyAnuSThAnapaddhati, mAsamImAMsA, kAlanirNayakArikA vyAkhyA, vRkSotsargapaddhati, lakSahomapaddhati aura saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 351 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kA citikalAvilAsamatApravAlam, viSNuzrAddhapaddhati haiM inake dharmazAstraviSayaka graMtha / nivaasii| "brahmavidyA" mAsika ke sampAdaka zrInivAsa zAstrI nArAyaNa bhaTTapAda - samaya 1560-1666 I. / kavi, vyAkaraNakAra ke bandhu / pANDitya tathA kavitva ke liye "bhaTTazrI" aura aura miimaaNsk| aparanAma bhttttaatri| melakuttUra (malabAra) ke "bAlasarasvatI' kI upAdhiyAM praapt| asAdhAraNa vaktRtva / rcnaaeNnivaasii| kerala meM jnm| pitA- maatRdtt| putra- kRssnnkvi| sundaravijayam (mahAkAvya), gaurIvilAsa (campU), cintAmaNi nambudri braahmnn| vivAhoparAnta zikSA kA praarmbh| eka kathA (AkhyAyikA), AcAryacaritam (gadya) nATakadIpikA ke anusAra guru kA vAtavikAra inhoMne apane yogasAmarthya se (nATyazAstrIya prabaMdha, 12 bhAga) vimarza (sAhityazAstrIya prabandha, vayaM para liyaa| guruvAyUra ke zrIkRSNa kI stuti meM racita 6 bhAga) aura kAvyamImAMsA (2 adhyaay)| inakA pradhAna sahasra zlokoM kA nArAyaNIyam nAmaka bhaktistotra atyaMta lokapriya lekhana hai 91 nATaka (purANa ke rocaka viSayoM pr)| 10 hai| bhaTTojI dIkSita, inakI prazaMsA suna milane gae, paraMtu nATaka madrAsa tathA cidambaram meM prkaashit| nATyanAmAvali : unakI (106 varSa kI Ayu meM) mRtyu hone se bheMTa na ho skii| tripuravijayam (12 aMka), maithiliiym| 10 aMkI nATaka :racanAeM - (1) pAMcAlIsvayaMvaracampU, (2) rAjasUyacamyU, kalividhUnana, citradIpa, bAlacandrikA, muktamandAra, kRtakayauvata, (3) draupadIpariNayacampU, (4) subhadrAharaNacampU, (5) madhumAdhavIyama, avakIrNakauzikam, mAkandamakarandam, brahmavidyA, dUtavAkyacampU, (6) kirAtacampU, (7) bhAratayuddhacampU, (8) dRssttrohitm| (9 aMkI nATaka) mugdhabodhanam, bhaTTabhAsIyam, svargArohaNacampU, (9) matsyAvatAracampU, (10) nRgamokSacampU, bAlacandrikA, mRknnddkody| (8 aMkI nATaka) raktasArasam (11) gajendramokSacampU, (12) syamantakacampU, (13) amRtamanthanam, maithilIvijayam, vizvavIravratam, viirvaishvaanrm| (7 kucelavRttacampU, (14) ahalyAmokSacampU, (15) aMkI nATaka) sAmantasovidallam, sudatIsamitiMjayam, niranunAsikacampU, (16) dakSayAgacampU, (17) pArvatIsvayaMvaracampU, bhAmAbhiSaGgama, citinigraham, gUDhakauzikam, madAlasA, (18) aSTamIcampU, (19) goSThInagaravarNanacampU, (20) mandArikAvilAsam, mahilAvilAsam, ratnamAlA, varaguNodayam, kailAsavarNanacampU, (21) zUrpaNakhApralApacampU, (22) hArahaimavatam, kalivijayam, muktApravAlam, bhagnAzakam, nalAyAnIyacampU aura (23) raamkthaacmpuu| ayazcaNakam, kanakAGgI, kAMcanamAlA, prauDhaparapantapam, mArutimairAvaNam, lavaNalakSmaNam, klAntakaunteyam, vyatyastabhaktam, ___ inameM se kra. 2 va 9 prakAzita / anya racanAeM- prakriyAsarvasva vijayayAdavam, jaitrajaivAtRkam, shuurmyuurm|| 6 aMkI nATaka(vyAkaraNa) aura mAnameyodaya (miimaaNsaa)| mugdhamantharam rAjIvinI, zazizAradIyama, maMjulamandiram, kAmamaMjarI, nArAyaNa kavi - samaya 17-18 vIM shtii| "vikramasenacaMpU" subhadrAharaNam, mandAramAlA, puSkararAghavam, krUrasApatyama, nAmaka kAvya graMtha ke rcyitaa| inhoMne apane caMpU kAvya meM zizuvinimayam, zivadUtam, vidrANamAdhavam, baalpraahunnikm| 5 jo paricaya diyA hai, usake anusAra ye marahaThA zAsana ke aMkI nATaka = prAjJasAmantam, muSTipAtheyam, tribadarama, bilhaNIyama, saciva tathA gaMgAdhara amAtya ke putra the| inake bhAI kA nAma bhImarathI, prasannapArthama, kAntimatI, bhaTTarAjIyam, mUDhakauzikam, bhagavaMta thaa| inake caMpU kAvya meM pratiSThAnapura ke rAjA vikramasena sItAharaNam, stabdhapANDavam, kliSTakIcakam, pluSTakhANDavam, kI kAlpanika kathA guMphita kI gayI hai| dhRSTadhaureyam, niruddhAniruddham, zyenadUtam, viddhavedanam, nArAyaNarAva cilukurI (DA.) - I. 20 vIM shtii| zikSA viSTabdhacApalam, dUtavIram, manoramA, baddhabADavam, muktmndrm| ema.e., pIeca.DI. el.ttii.| anantapura (karnATaka) kI prabhutva 4 aMkI nATaka = muktaavlii| 3 aMkI = taraMgiNI, svairAcAra kalAzAlA meM saMskRta tathA kannaDa ke adhyaapk| madhavidhanama, bhbaalishm| 2 aMkI = shobhaavtii| 1 aMkI "vizvakalApariSada" se aneka upAdhiyAM prApta / "vikramAzvatthAmIya" = zarabhavijayam, muktakezI, maNimekhalA, mhissaasurvdhm| nAmaka vyAyoga ke prnnetaa| inake atirikta 21 mahAprabaMdha tathA katipaya prAthamika zikSA nArAyaNa vidyAvinoda - I. 16 vIM shtii| pUrvagrAma (baMgAla) ke liye upayukta pustakeM bhI inake nAma para haiN| ke nivaasii| abhidhAnataMtra ke kartA jaTAdhara ke pautra / kRti / zabdArtha-sandIpikA (amarakoza para vRtti)| nArAyaNazAstrI kAMkara - I. 20 vIM shtii| jayapura nivaasii| "narANAM nApito dhUrtaH" tathA "svAtaMtryayajJAhuti" nAmaka ekAMkiyoM nArAyaNazAstrI - samaya lagabhaga vi. saM. kI 18 vIM shtii| ke praNetA / inake dvArA racita kucha stotra kAvya bhI prakAzita haiN| "mahAbhASyapradIpa" kI vyAkhyA ke lekhk| mAtA pitA kA nAma ajJAta / nallA dIkSita ke putra nArAyaNa dIkSita inake jAmAta nArAyaNasvAmI - pitA- maNDoya naaraaynn| guru- nRsiMhasUri / san 1750 ke lagabhaga "kaitavakalAcandra" (bhANa) kA lekhana the| guru- dharmarAja yajvA (nallA dIkSita ke bhaaii)| kiyaa| nArAyaNa zAstrI - janma 1860 ii.| mRtyu 1911 / pitA- nArAyaNAcArya ne tANDya bhASya para bhASya likhA hai, aisA maisUra rAmasvAmI yjvaa| mAtA- sItAMbA / taMjaura jilAntargata neDukAverI sUcipatra (1922) se spaSTa hotA hai| 352 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra nibArkAcArya dvaitAdvaita mata ke (aitihAsika pratinidhi) pravartaka AcArya dArzanikatA tathA prAcInatA kI dRSTi se vaiSNava saMpradAyoM meM inake mata kA vizeSa mahattva hai| saMpradAya ke anusAra isa mata ke sarvaprathama upadeza, haMsAvatAra bhagavAn haiN| unake ziSya sanatkumAra haiN| sanatkumAra ne isakA upadeza nAradajI ko diyA aura nAradajI se yaha upadeza niMbArka ko prApta huaa| isa paraMparA ke kAraNa yaha mata (saMpradAya) haMsasaMpradAya, sanakAdi saMpradAya (yA sanAtana saMpradAya), devarSi saMpradAya Adi nAmoM se kahA jAtA hai| www.kobatirth.org - AcArya nibArka kI janma tithi kArtika zukla paurNimA mAnI jAtI hai, aura isI dina tatsaMbaMdhI utsava manAye jAte haiN| AcArya kA nizcita deza kAla Aja bhI ajJAta hai / kahA jAtA hai ki ye telaMga brAhmaNa the aura dakSiNa ke bellArI jile ke nivAsI the kintu tailaMga pradeza se Aja nivArka mata kA saMbandha tanika bhI nahIM hai| na to inake anuyAyI Aja vahAM pAe jAte haiM aura na inake kisI saMbaMdhI kA hI patA udhara calatA hai| niMbArka vaiSNavoM kA akhAr3A vRMdAvana hI hai| Aja bhI govardhana samIpastha "nimbagrAma" inakA pradhAna sthAna mAnA jAtA hai / AcArya svabhAva se hI baDe tapasvI, yogI evaM bhagavad bhakta the| kahA jAtA hai ki dakSiNa meM godAvarI ke tIra para sthita vaidUryapattana ke nikaTa aruNAzrama meM inakA janma huaa| pitAaruNamuni / mAtA jayaMtIdevI / ye bhagavAna ke sudarzana cakra ke avatAra mAne jAte haiN| sunate haiM ki inake upanayana saMskAra ke samaya svayaM devarSi nArada ne upasthita hokara inheM " gopAla maMtra" kI dIkSA dI, tathA "zrI-bhU-lIlA" sahita zrIkRSNopAsanA kA upadeza diyA / inakA mUla nAma niyamAnaMda thA / niyamAnaMda kI niMbArka aura niMbAditya ke nAma se prasiddhi kI kathA "bhaktamAla" ke anusAra isa prakAra hai : 23 mathurA ke pAsa yamunA tIra ke samIpa dhruvakSetra meM AcArya virAjamAna the| taba eka saMnyAsI Apase milane aae| unake sAtha AdhyAtmika carcA meM AcArya itane tallIna ho gae ki unheM patA na calA kI sUrya bhagavAn astAcala ke zikhara se nIce cale gye| saMdhyAkAla upasthita ho gyaa| apane saMnyAsI atithi ko bhojana karAne ke liye udyuta hone para AcArya ko patA calA ki rAtri bhojana niSiddha hone ke kAraNa saMnyAsIjI rAta ko bhojana nahIM kreNge| atithi satkAra meM upasthita isa ar3acana se AcArya ko bar3I vedanA huii| tabhI eka adabhuta ghaTanA ghttii| saMnyAsIjI tathA svayaM AcArya ne dekhA ki Azrama ke nIma vRkSa ke Upara bhagavAna sUryadeva camaka rahe haiN| taba AcArya ne prasanna hokara atithi saMnyAsI ko bhojana kraayaa| pazcAt sUryadeva asta hue aura sarvatra ghanA aMdhakAra chA gyaa| isa camatkAra tathA bhagavadUkRpA ke kAraNa inakA nAma "niMbAditya" Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aura "niMbArka" par3a gayA aura isI nAma se ye prasiddha ho ge| usI prakAra jahAM camatkAra huA, vaha sthAna Aja bhI nimbagrAma ke nAma se prasiddha hai / AcArya ke AvirbhAva-kAla kI nizciti, pramANoM ke abhAva meM asaMbhava hai| inake anuyAyiyoM kI mAnyatA ke ' anusAra, inakA udaya kaliyuga ke AraMbha meM huA thA aura inheM bhagavAn vedavyAsa kA samakAlIna batAyA jAtA hai| isake viparIta Adhunika gaveSaka AcArya kA samaya I. 12 vIM zatI yA usake bhI bAda mAnate haiN| DaoN. bhAMDArakara ne guruparaMparA kI chAna-bIna karate hue inakA samaya I. sa. 1162 ke AsapAsa mAnA hai| navIna vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM yahI AcArya kA prAcInatama kAla hai / katipaya niMbArkAnuyAyI paMDitoM kA kathana hai ki unake AcArya yogI hone ke kAraNa dIrghajIvI the, aura ve 200-300 varSo taka jIvita rhe| jo kucha bhI ho, kiMtu isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki AcArya nibArkadvArA pravartita saMpradAya, anya vaiSNava saMpradAyoM se prAcInatama hai| isakI prAcInatA ke pakSa meM bhaviSya purANa kA nimna padya bhI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| tadanusAra, ekAdazI ke nirNaya ke avasara para niMbArka kA mata uddhRta kiyA gayA hai aura niMbArka ke prati asIma Adara vyakta karane hetu unheM "bhagavAn" vizeSaNa se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai : niMbArko bhagavAn yeSAM vAchiMtArthaphalapradaH / udaya - vyApinI grAhyA kule tithirupoSaNe / / ukta padya ko kamalAkara bhaTTa ne apane "nirNayasiMdhu " meM, aura bhaTTojI dIkSita ne bhaviSya purANIya mAna kara sAdara ullikhita kiyA hai (draSTavya saMkarSaNazaraNa deva racita "vaissnnv-dhrm-surm-mNjrii")| For Private and Personal Use Only AcArya nivArka ke 4 ziSya batAye jAte haiM- (1) zrInivAsAcArya (pradhAna-ziSya), (2) auduMbarAcArya (3) gauramukhAcArya aura (4) lakSmaNa bhaTTa AcArya niMbArka kI sarvatra prasiddha 5 racanAoM ke nAma haiMvedAMta - pArijAta-saurabha (vedAMta bhASya), daza-zlokI, zrIkRSNa - stavarAja, maMtra - rahasya - SoDazI tathA prapannakalpavallI inake atirikta, puruSottamAcArya tathA suMdara bhaTTAcArya prabhRti avAMtara lekhakoM ke ullekhoM se vidita hotA hai ki AcArya ne gItA - vAkyArtha prapatti - ciMtAmaNi tathA sadAcAra prakAza nAmaka 3 aura graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA thA paraMtu abhI taka ye 3 graMtha upalabdha nahIM haiN| dArzanika pakSa kI ora dhyAna dene para spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya nibArka ne "bhartRbheda siddhAnta" se lupta gaurava ko punaH pratiSThita kiyaa| ina vedAMtAcAryoM ke vicAra aba jana-mAnasa se ojhala ho cuke hai, kiMtu nivArka kA kRSNopAsaka saMpradAya bhakti-bhAva kA pracAra karatA huA Aja bhI bhakta janoM ke saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 353

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kA vipula Adara kA bhAjana banA huA hai| nAma se eka guphA dikhAI jAtI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki vahAM nibArkAcArya ne jisa svataMtra darzana kI nIMva rakhI, use para tapasyA karake hI unheM "zivayoga" prApta huA thaa| dvaitAdvaita darzana kahate haiN| inake vedAMtapArijAtasaurabha nAmaka graMtha nijaguNazivayogI ke kAla ke bAre meM matabheda hai, jo I. meM brahmasUtra para vyAkhyA hai| dazazlokI meM niMbArka-saMpradAya ke 12 vIM se 16 vIM zatAbdI taka mAnA jAtA hai| unake kannaDa upAsya-daivata rAdhAkRSNayugala kA varNana hai| zeSa graMthoM meM graMthoM kI bhASA ke AdhAra para narasiMhAcArya unheM 12 vIM zatAbdI yugala-upAsanA kA rahasya prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| kA nahIM maante| zAMtaliMga svAmI ne vivekaciMtAmaNi nAmaka niMbArkAcAryajI ke pUrva jagannAthapurI baudhdoM kI vihArabhUmi kanaDa graMtha kA marAThI anuvAda san 1604 meM kiyA thaa| thii| use vaiSNavoM kA kendra banAne kA mahatkArya kiyA AcAryazrI ___ ataH unakA kAla 16 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kA to hai hii| ne| jagannAtha-maMdira ke zikhara para jo cakra hai, use niMbArkAcArya nijaguNa ne kannaDa bhASA meM vedAMtaviSayaka viveka ciMtAmaNi kA pratIka mAnakara bhaktajana zraddhApUrvaka usakA darzana karate haiN| ke atirikta aura bhI kaI graMtha likhe| una se unakI vidvattA niraMtara bhagavAn ke sAnidhya meM rahane ke kAraNa AcAryajI ko tathA SaTzAstra-saMpannatA vyakta hotI hai| raMgadevI nAmaka kRSNasakhI kA bhI avatAra mAnA jAtA hai| nijaguNa dvArA racita bhaktigIta karnATaka ke gAMva-gAMva uttara bhArata meM niMbArka-saMpradAya ke aneka maMdira haiM aura meM bar3e cAva se gAye jAte hai| nijaguNa ne do saMskRta graMtha rAjasthAna ke salemAbAda meM saMpradAya kI sarvazreSTha gaddI hai| bhI likhe the| unake nAma hai : darzanasAra aura AtmatarkaciMtAmaNi / vRMdAvana, mathurA, rAdhAkuMDa, govardhana tathA nImagAva meM bhI isa unakI vicAradhArA para vivekAsiMdhu evaM amRtAnubhava nAmaka do saMpradAya ke maMdira haiN| vahAM zrIniMbArkajI ne pracArakArya kiyA thaa| marAThI graMthoM kA vizeSa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| __isa saMpradAya ke anuyAyI mAthe para gopIcaMdana kA khaDA nityAnanda- I. 14 vIM shtii| uttara baMgAla ke karaMjagrAma ke tilaka lagAte haiM, aura usake madhya bukke kA kAlA TIkA nivaasii| "haricarita' ke lekhaka caturbhuja ke pitAmaha / lagAte haiN| ye anuyAyI zubhra vastra paridhAna karate haiM, apane "kRSNAnanda" nAmaka kAvya ke prnnetaa| gale meM tulasI-kASTha kI mAlA pahanate haiM aura apane nAma ke nityAnanda- jyotiSa-zAstra ke, eka gauDavaMzIya AcArya / Age lagAte haiM, 'dAsa' athavA 'zaraNa' uppd| eka-dUsare kA pitaa-devdtt| samaya I. 17 vIM zatAbdI kA praarNbh| inhoMne abhivAdana karate samaya ve "jaya sarvezvara" kA ghoSa karate haiM 1639 meM "sidhdAMtarAja" nAmaka eka mahanIya jyotiSa-graMtha kI aura maTha-pramukha ko mahaMta kahate haiN| isa saMpradAya ke anuyAyiyoM racanA kI thii| ye indraprasthapura ke nivAsI the| inakA ke virakta aura gRhastha aise do bheda haiN| niMbArka ke harivyAsa "sidhdAMtarAja" graha-gaNita kA atyaMta mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| yaha nAmaka eka ziSya, gRhastha anuyAyiyoM ke pramukha the| mathurA graMtha sAyanamAna kA hai| isameM grahoM ke bIja-saMskAra bhI kathana ke samIpa dhuvasena nAmaka sthAna para unakA mukhya keMdra hai| kiye gaye haiN| niMbArkAcArya "rasika bhAgavata" saMpradAya ke Adya AcArya nityAnanda-I. 20 vIM zatI / bNgaal-nivaasii| bhAradvAja gotrIya / haiN| unhoMne rAgAtmaka bhakti ke kevala priyAvat bhAva kA hI pitA-rAmagopAla smRtiratna / pitAmaha-madhusUdana / zAsakIya saMskRta aMgIkAra kiyA thaa| kintu eka aMtaHsAdhaka hone ke kAraNa mahAvidyAlaya, kalakattA ke bhAratIbhavana meM adhyaapk| unhoMne bAhya strI-veza Adi kA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| niMbArka kRtiyAM- meghadUta, prahlAda-vinodana, tapovaibhava aura ne vrajamaMDala meM vaiSNava-bhakti kA jo pravAha prAraMbha kiyA thA, siitaaraamaavirbhaav| usI ne Age calakara saMpUrNa uttara bhArata ko AplAvita kara diyaa| niguDakara, dattAtreya vAsudeva- I. 19-20 vIM shtii|| nityAnanda zAstrI- janma 1875 I. meN| mAdhava kavIndra ke saMskRta vidyAlaya, rAjApura (mahArASTra) ke aacaary| suputr| inakA janma jodhapura meM huA thaa| ye Azukavi, rcnaa-gNgaagunnaadrshncmpuu| isameM saMvAdoM dvArA guNadoSa-vivecana kavirAja, sAhityaratna, kavibhUSaNa, kaviratna, mahAkavi, kiyA gayA hai| anya racanAeM- jAnakIharaNam, rukmiNIharaNam, vidyAvAcaspati Adi upAdhiyoM se sammAnita the| inakI racanAeM buddhacaritam tathA ratnAvali kI spaSTIkaraNAtmaka TIkA evaM nimnAMkita haiNrghuvNshsaarH| __ 1. mArutistavaH, 2. laghu-chandolaMkAra-darpaNa, 3. hanumadUtam nijaguNa-zivayogI- ina kA mUla nAma thA nijgunnraay| pahale (khaNDakAvya), 4. zrIrAmacaritAbdi-ratnam, 5. AryAmuktAvalI, ye maisUrasthita zaMbhuliMgana beTTa para rAjya karate the| kAlAMtara 6. kRSNASTaprAsa, 7. puSpacaritam, 8. AryAnakSatramAlA, 9. se vairAgya ke kAraNa unhoMne zivayogasAdhanA kA mArga apnaayaa| AtmArAmapaMcaraMgam, 10. lakSmISaTpadI (stotra), 11. gaMgASTapadI zaMbhuliMga unakA ArAdhya daivata thA, jisakA unhoMne apane (stotra), 12. zAradAstavaH (saMskRtacandrikA- 13/6, 1906 pratyeka graMtha meM ullekha kiyA hai| zaMbhuliMga ke parvata para inake I.) 13. samasyApUrtayaH, 14. meghadUtam (nATaka), 15. 354 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - prathakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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prahlAda-vinodanam (nATaka), 16. sItArAmavirbhAvam (nATaka), aura 17. tapovaibhavam (naattk)| nityAnanda zAstrI ne kucha granthoM kA sampAdana bhI kiyA thaa| yathA- 1. sUktimuktAvalI, 2. cetodUtam, 3. vizvezvara-smRtigavardhi-AryavidhAnam-uttarArdha (do bhaag)| "dadhimathI" ora "sanAtana" nAmaka patrikAoM ke saMpAdana kA kArya bhI inhoMne kiyA thaa| nidhruva kANva- kshyp-vNsh| avatsAra ke suputr| ptniisukeshaa| Rgveda ke 9 veM maMDala kA 63 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai kintu saMpUrNa sUkta meM nidhruva kANva kA nAma kahIM para bhI dikhAI nahIM detaa| inake isa sUkta kA viSaya hai soma-stuti / soma kI stuti karate hue nidhruva ne usase aneka bAtoM kI apekSA kI hai| tatsaMbaMdhI do RcAoM kA bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai- he pAvana soma, he AlhAdaprada, tuma sabhI dhokhebAja duSToM ko pUrI taraha mAra bhgaao| he parAkramI soma, rAkSasoM ko jAna se mAra ddaalo| rAkSasoM kA niHpAta kara he soma, tuma garjanA karate hue apane pravAha se tejasvI tathA utkRSTa sAhasa hamArI ora laao| inakA kathana hai ki somarasa meM saMpUrNa vizva ko AryadharmI banAne kI kSamatA hai| nizcalapurI- I. 17 vIM shtaabdii| gusAI-paMtha ke eka graMthakAra / inhoMne saMskRta bhASA meM "rAjyAbhiSeka-kalpataru" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| gAgAbhaTTa ne chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja kA vaidika paddhati se rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA thaa| unake usa prayoga ke aneka doSa-sthala nizcalapurI ne apane isa graMtha meM darzAe haiN| pratIta hotA hai ki nizcalapurI eka uttama jyotiSI bhI the| unhoMne zivAjI mahArAja ko cetAvanI dI thI ki unake rAjyAbhiSeka ke pazcAt terahaveM, bAIsaveM aura pacapanaveM dina una para kucha saMkaTa AveMge aura unakI bhaviSyavANI sahI niklii| taba zivAjI ne nizcalapurI ko bulavAkara unase tAMtrika paddhati ke anusAra punaH vaidika rAjyAbhiSeka ke chaha mahIne bAda apanA tAMtrika rAjyAbhiSeka karavA liyA thaa| nItivarmA- I. 10 vIM shtii| baMgAla yA kaliMga (utkala) ke nivaasii| "kIcakavadha' nAmaka citra-kAvya ke prnnetaa| nIpAtithi- Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke 34 sUkta ke draSTA / phira bhI saMpUrNa sUkta meM nIpAtithi ke nAma kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| ye kaNva-kula ke hoNge| isI sUkta kI pahalI va cauthI RcA meM kaNva kA ullekha hai| isa sUkta kA viSaya hai indra kI stuti / usakI do RcAeM isa prakAra hai A no gavyAnyazavyA sahasrA zUra dardRhi / divo amuSya zAsato divyaM yaya divaavso|| A naH sahasrazo bharAyutAni zatAni c| divo amuSya zAsato divyaM yaya divaavso|| (R. 8.34.14-15) artha- (he indradeva) idhara padhAriye, hajAroM gaueM, hajAroM azva Adi prakAra kA aizvarya hameM saupie (aura) phira divyaloka ko gamana kiijiye| praskaNva dvArA ullikhita eka pramANa ke anusAra eka bAra indra ne nIpAtithi kI rakSA kI thI (8.49.9) / eka anya sthala para zruSTigU dvArA kiye gaye ullekha ke anusAra indra ne isake ghara somarasa kA pAna kiyA thA (8.51.1) / nIpAtithi ne eka sAma kI bhI racanA kI thI, aisA paMcaviza brAhmaNa meM kahA gayA hai (14.10.4.) / nIje bhImabhaTTa- janma-san 1903 meN| kanyAna (dakSiNa karnATaka) ke nivaasii| prAraMbhika zikSA kammeja saMskRta pAThazAlA meN| tatpazcAt pareDAla mahAjana saMskRta mahApAThazAlA se "sAhitya-ziromaNi" kI padavI prApta kii| "kAzmIra-sandhAna-samudyama" tathA "haidarAbAdavijaya" nAmaka samakAlIna ghaTanAoM para AdhArita nATakoM ke prnnetaa| Adhunika rAjanaitika ghaTanAoM kA citraNa ina nATakoM kI vizeSatA hai| nIlakaMTha- I. 15 vIM zatAbdI meM hue eka zaivAcArya / nIlakaMTha ne vIrazaiva paMthaviSayaka "kriyAsAra" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai| isake atirikta kannaDa bhASA meM bhI ApakA eka graMtha hai| inake matAnusAra kevala vIrazaivAgama hI vaidika hai jaba kI anya Agama hai avaidik| Apane apane graMtha meM zaktiviziSTa advaitabrahmarUpI ziva ke mAhAtmya kA varNana kiyA hai| nIlakaMTha- I. 16 vIM shtaabdii| eka prasiddha jyotissii| maataa-pdmaa| "ToDarAnaMda" nAmaka ApakA eka prasiddha graMtha jo aba pUrNAvasthA meM upalabdha nahIM, phira bhI usa graMtha kA vivaraNa anyatra milatA hai| tadanusAra pratIta hotA hai ki isa graMtha ke tIna skaMdha hoMge- gaNita, muhUrta aura horaa| isa graMtha ke upalabdha bhAga kI zlokasaMkhyA eka hajAra hai| akabara ke maMtrI ToDaramala ke nAma para isa graMtha kA nAmakaraNa huA honA caahiye| nIlakaMTha ko akabara bAdazAha ke darabAra meM "paMDiteMdra" kI padavI prApta huI thii| jaisA ki inake putra goviMda ne likha rakhA hai, ye eka bar3e mImAMsaka aura sAMkhyazAstrajJa bhI the| jyotiSa kI tAjika-paddhati para, inakA samAtaMtra (varSataMtra) nAmaka eka aura graMtha hai| use "tAjika-nIlakaMThI" bhI kahate haiN| yaha graMtha vibhinna TIkAoM sahita chapA hai| isa graMtha para vizvanAtha kI sodAharaNa TIkA upalabdha hai| nIlakaMTha ne eka jAtaka-paddhati kI bhI racanA kii| usake sATha zloka haiN| vaha mithilA meM prasiddha hai| Aphreca-sUcI ke anusAra inake anya graMtha haiM- tithiratnamAlA, praznakaumudI athavA jyotiSakaumudI va daivajJavallabhA (jyotiSaviSayaka), jaiminI-sUtra para subodhinI nAmaka TIkA tathA grahakautuka, grahalAghava va makaraMda nAmaka graMthoM para likhe TIkAgraMtha / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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nIlakaNTha- kAla-1610 se 1670 I. / racanA- adhrshtkm| azlIlatA se aspRSTa zRMgArikatA isa kAvya kA vaiziSTya hai| ati tarala kalpanAzakti kA yaha udAharaNa hai| atirikta racanAeMzRMgArazatakam, jArajAtazatakam, cimanIzatakam (vivAhitA muslima strI tathA brAhmaNa yuvaka kA premasaMbaMdha varNita) tathA zabdazobhA nAmaka vyAkaraNa viSayaka lghugrNth| nIlakaNTha- I. 17 vIM shtii| kerala ke saMgrAma grAma (vartamAna kuDallUra) meM jnm| kul-nmbuudirii| gotr-gaadhi| racanAkamalinI-kalahaMsa (naattk)| nIlakaMTha- aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM mahArASTra meM hue| eka zaiva-parivAra meM inakA janma huA thaa| inake AcAryoM ke zubhanAma haiM kAzInAtha aura shriidhr| Apake kathanAnusAra Apane kisI ratnAjI nAmaka vyakti ke kahane se "devIbhAgavata" para TIkA likhii| lagabhaga bAraha graMthoM ke racayitA nIlakaMTha taMtrazAstra ke UMce paMDita the| inake taMtraviSayaka graMtha haiMdevIbhAgavata kI TIkA, kAtyAyanI taMtra kI TIkA, zaktitattvavimarzinI aura kaamklaarhsy| devIbhAgavata kI TIkA meM nIlakaMTha ne devI ko mAyAviziSTa brahmarUpa batAyA hai aura kahA hai ki devI ko pazubali bhAtI hai| nIlakaNTha- keoMjhara (ur3IsA) ke rAjA balabhadra bhaMja (1764-1782 I.) tathA janArdana bhaMja (1782-1831) dvArA smmaanit| "bhaMjamahodaya" nAmaka nATaka ke rciytaa| nIlakaNTha- rAmabhaTTa ke putra / racanA- kAzikAtilakacampU (gaMdharvo ke saMvAda-mAdhyama se zaiva-kSetroM kA vrnnn)| nIlakaMTha caturdhara- I. 17 vIM shtii| inake dvArA likhita mahAbhArata kI suprasiddha TIkA kA nAma "nIlakaMThI" va "bhArata-bhAva-dIpa" hai| pitA-goviMda caudhrii| mAtAphullAMbikA / gautamagotrIya / godAvarItaTastha karpUranagara (koparagAvamahArASTra) meM rahate the| alpakAla kAzIkSetra meM bhI nivAsa thaa| inake kathanAnusAra mahAbhArata kI "bhAratabhAvadIpa" TIkA inhoMne kAzI meM hI likhii| isake atirikta maMtrakAzIkhaMDaTIkA, maMtrabhAgavata, maMtrarAmAyaNa, vedAMtazataka, zivatAMDavavyAkhyA, SaTtaMtrIsAra, gaNezagItA-TIkA, harivaMza-TIkA, saurapaurANikamatasamarthana, vidhurAdhAnavicAra, AcArapradIpa Adi graMtha bhI nIlakaNTha caturdhara ne likhe haiN| ye mahArASTrIya the kiMtu "saptazatI" para likhI apanI "subodhinI" nAmaka TIkA meM inhoMne svayaM ko caturdhara mizra kahalAyA hai| usI prakAra apanI isa TIkA ko unhoMne bhASya kahA hai| Apane veda-maMtroM ko ekatra kara "maMtra-rAmAyaNa" nAmaka jisa suprasiddha graMtha kA nirmANa kiyA, usase rAmopAsanA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| saMprati inake vaMzaja kAzI meM rahate haiN| mahAbhArata vanaparva (162-11) kI TIkA karate hue inhoMne likhA hai "nipuNataramupapAditametadasmAbhiH kANvazatapathabhASya ekapAdI-kANDe" arthAt ye kANvazatapatha ke bhASyakAra the| ekapAdI kANDa kA hI dUsarA nAma "ekavAyI kANDa" dAkSiNAtya hastalekhoM meM milatA hai| ataH vidvAnoM kA tarka hai ki bhASyakAra nIlakaNTha, uttarabhArata meM rahane vAle (saMbhavataH vArANasI-vAsI) mahArASTrIya hoNge| nIlakaNTha dIkSita - I. 17 vIM shtii| guru-veMkaTezvara aparanAma ayyA diikssit| pitA- nArAyaNa dIkSita tathA cAcA appayya dIkSita se dharmazAstra tathA vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana kiyaa| inheM apane brAhmaNya para abhimAna thaa| mAtA - bhuumidevii| gotr-bhaardvaaj| madurAI ke tirumala nAyaka Adi rAjAoM ke paitIsa varSoM taka mNtrii| san 1659 I. meM sevAnivRtta / antima Azrama tAmraparNI ke taTa para rAjA kI ora se agrahAra rUpa meM prApta pAlAmaDaI grAma meN| vahIM para Aja bhI unakI samAdhi vidyamAna hai| racanAeM- aghaviveka (dhrmshaastr)| kaiyaTa-vyAkhyA (vyaakrnn)| ziva-tattvarahasya (drshn)|| mahAkAvyazivalIlArNava (madurA ke hAlAsyanAtha AkhyAna para 22 soM kA mahAkAvya) aura gaMgAvataraNa- 8 sagoM kA kAvya / / khaNDakAvya- kaliviDambana, sabhAraMjana, zAntivilAsa, anyApadezazataka aura vairaagyshtk|| bhaktikAvyaAnanda-sAgara-stava; zivotkarSamaMjarI, caNDIrahasyam, rAmAyaNa-sAra-saMgraha aura raghuvIra-stava; nalacarita (nATaka), nIlakaNThavijaya (campU), mukunda-vilAsa (aprkaashit)| nIlakaNTha bhaTTa - samaya- lagabhaga 1610 ii.| pitA-zaMkara bhaTTa, pitAmaha- nArAyaNa bhaTTa, jyeSTha bhrAtA- kamalAkara bhaTTa aura putra- zaMkara bhtttt| ye sabhI vidvAn va graMthalekhaka the| nIlakaMTha bhareha ke rAjA bhagavaMtadeva ke sabhA-paMDita the| inhoMne bhagavaMtadeva ke sammAna meM "bhagavaMtabhAskara" nAmaka dharmazAstra viSayaka bRhadkAya graMtha kA praNayana kiyA thaa| isa graMtha ke 12 vibhAga haiM jo mayUkha ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| nIlakaMTha ne anya graMthoM kA bhI praNayana kiyA thaa| ve haiM- vyavahAratattva, kuMDodyota, dattakanirUpaNa va bhArata-bhAvadIpa (mahAbhArata kI saMkSipta vyaakhyaa)| nIlakaMTha kI apane cacere bhAI kamalAkara se spardhA rahatI thii| aneka sthAnoM para ina donoM ke mata paraspara-virodhI haiN| nIlakaMTha ne mImAMsA kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| nIlakaMTha vAjapeyI - vi.saM. 1575-1625, bhASyatattvaviveka nAmaka vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya kI vyAkhyA ke racayitA / (madrAsa ke hastalekha pustakAlaya meM vidyamAna) lekhaka rAmacaMdra kA pautra,varadezvara kA putra aura jJAnendra sarasvatI kA ziSya thaa| racanAeM- pANinIya-dIpikA, paribhASAvRtti, siddhAnta-kaumudI kI sukhabodhinI TIkA, gUDhArtha-dIpikA kA tattvabodhinI nAmaka vyaakhyaan| 356 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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nIlAMbara zarmA - san 1823-1883 / jyotiSa-zAstrava ke eka aacaary| maithilIya braahmnn| paTanA ke nivAsI aura vahIM jnm| inhoMne kucha samaya taka apane bar3e bhAI jIvanAtha ke pAsa, tathA bAda meM kucha dinoM taka kAzI kI pAThazAlA meM jyotiSa zAstra kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| alavara-nareza shivdaassiNh| kI sabhA meM ye mukhya jyotiSI ke pada para rhe| inhoMne pAzcAtya paddhati ke anusAra "gola-prakAza" nAmaka eka graMtha kI racanA kI hai| pAMca adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita isa graMtha ke viSaya haiM : jyotpatti, trikoNamiti-siddhAMta, cApIya rekhAgaNita-siddhAMta aura cApIya trikoNamiti-siddhAMta / isa graMtha kA prakAzana bApUdeva ne kAzI meM kiyaa| nIlAMbara ne katipaya bhAskarIya graMthoM para TIkAeM bhI likhI haiN| pitA-zaMbhunAtha shrmaa| namedha- Rgveda ke 8 veM maMDala ke kramAMka 89-90, 98-99 aura 9 veM maMDala ke kramAMka 27 va 29 ke sUkta nRmedha ke nAma para haiM kiMtu una sUktoM meM nRmedha kA nAma kahIM para bhI dikhAI nahIM detaa| AMgirasakulotpanna namedha sAmoM ke bhI draSTA the| agni ne inheM saMtati pradAna kI aisA Rgveda meM ullekha hai (R. 10-83-3) / inake eka suputra zakapUta bhI sUktadraSTA the| Rgveda ke eka ullekhAnusAra, eka bAra mitrAvaruNa ne namedha kI rakSA kI thI (R. 12-132-7) / pratIta hotA hai, ki namedha parUcchepa ke zatru the| indra evaM soma kI stuti nRmedha ke sUktoM kA viSaya hai| unake matAnusAra soma kAvyavRttipreraka / tathA pApanAzaka hai| nRsiMha - I. 16 vIM shtii| godAvarItaTastha golagrAmastha divAkara ke kula meM nRsiMha kA janma huA thaa| Apane apane pitA tathA cAcA ke pAsa adhyayana kiyaa| nRsiMha ne sUryasiddhAMta para "saurabhASya" nAmaka eka graMtha kI racanA kii| zlokasaMkhyA hai- 42001 Apane "siddhAntaziromaNi" para vAsanAvArtika athavA vAsanAkalpalatA nAmaka eka TIkA bhI likhI jisakI zloka saMkhyA 5500 hai| nRsiMha- I. 16 vIM shtii| suprasiddha grahalAghavakAra gaNeza daivajJa ke bhtiije| jaisA ki sudhAkara ne likha rakhA hai, Apane madhyagrahasiddhi nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| isa graMtha meM kevala madhyama-graha hI diye haiN| grahalAghava kI TIkA aura grahakaumudI nAmaka eka aura graMtha Apake nAma para hai| nRsiMha- sanagaravaMzIya brAhmaNa kvi| I. 18 vIM shtii| maisUra ke nivaasii| pitA-sudhImaNi, bhAI-subrahmaNya, guru-yogAnanda / guru se parA vidyA kA adhyayana aura pitA se jJAna-vijJAna kaa| eka anya guru-peruml| AzrayadAtA-naMjarAja (1739-59 I.) maisUra ke rAjA kRSNarAja dvitIya (1734-1766 I.) ke zvazura tathA srvaadhikaarii| abhinava- kAlidAsa kI upAdhi se prkhyaat| candrakalA-kalyANa (nATaka) ke prnnetaa| nRsiMha- I. 18 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| kairaviNIpurI (madrAsa) ke nivaasii| bhAradvAja gotr| pitaa-kRssnnmmaacaary| anumiti-pariNaya (nATaka) ke prnnetaa| nyAyazAstra para yaha lAkSaNika nATaka AdhArita hai| nRsiMha paMcAnana - I. 17 vIM shtii| rcnaanyaaysiddhaant-mNjrii-bhuussaa| nRsiMha (bApUdeva) - san 1821-1890 / eka suprasiddha jyotiSI va gnnitjny| mahArASTrIya RgvedI cittapAvana braahmnn| mUla nivAsa-nagara jile kA godAvarI- taTastha ttokegaav| nAgapura meM ApakA prAthamika zikSaNa huA aura vahIM para DhuMDhirAja nAmaka eka kAnyakubja brAhmaNa vidvAn ke pAsa bhAskarAcArya ke lIlAvatI va bIjagaNita nAmaka graMthoM kA adhyayana huaa| nRsiMha kA gaNita-viSayaka jJAna dekhakara, vilkinsana nAmaka eka aMgreja adhikArI unheM sihUra kI saMskRta pAThazAlA meM adhyayanArtha le ge| vahIM para sevArAma nAmaka eka gurujI ke pAsa unhoMne rekhAgaNita kA adhyayana kiyaa| san 1841 meM nRsiMha kAzI kI eka saMskRta-pAThazAlA meM rekhAgaNita ke adhyApaka bane aura bAda meM vahIM para bane gaNita-zAkhA ke mukhyaadhyaapk| san 1864 meM greTa briTena va AyarlaMDa kI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI ke aura san 1868 meM baMgAla kI eziyATika sosAyaTI ke ve sammAnanIya sadasya bne| pazcAt san 1869 meM unheM kalakattA tathA ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlayoM kI phelozipa pradAna kI gii| phira san 1887 meM sarakAra ne unheM mahAmahopAdhyAya kI padavI se gauravAnvita kiyaa| nRsiMha dvArA likhe gae graMtha haiM- rekhAgaNita, sAyanavAda, jyotiSAcAryAzayavarNana, aSTAdazavicitrapraznasaMgraha (sottara), tattvavivekaparIkSA, mAnamaMdirastha-yaMtra- varNana aura aNkgnnit| inake atirikta nRsiMha dvArA likhita kucha choTe-baDe aprakAzita lekha haiMcalanakalAsiddhAntabodhaka bIsa zloka, cApIyatrikoNamiti saMbandhI kucha sUtra, siddhAMta graMthopayogI TippaNiyAM, yaMtrarAjopayogI chedyaka va lghushNkucchinnkssetrgunn| nRsiMha ke kucha graMthoM ke hindI aura aMgrejI anuvAda bhI prakAzita ho cuke haiN| nRsiMhAcArya - "tripura-vijaya-campU" ke rcyitaa| taMjora ke bhosalA nareza ekojI ke amaatyprvr| caMpU- kA racanA-kAla I. 16 vIM zatI ke madhya ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jAtA hai| pitA-bhAradvAja gotrotpanna AnaMda yjvaa| "tripura-vijayacampU" eka sAdhAraNa koTi kA kAvya hai jo abhI taka aprakAzita hai| isakA vivaraNa taMjaura keTalAga saMkhyA 4036 meM prApta hotA hai| nRsiMhAzrama - I. 16 vIM shtii| eka AcArya va graMthakAra / ye pahale dakSiNa meM tathA bAda meM kAzI meM rahate the| inake guru the sarvazrI gIrvANeMdra sarasvatI aura jgnnaathaashrm| kahA jAtA hai ki inake saMparka meM Ane para hI appayya dIkSita ne zAMkaramata kI dIkSA lI thii| inake dvArA likhe gae graMthoM ke saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/357 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAma haiM- vedAntatattvaviveka, tattvabodhinI, bhAvaprakAzikA, advaitadIpikA aura bheddhikkaar| inake atirikta nRsiMhAzrama ne paMcapAdikA-vivaraNa va prakAzikA nAmaka do TIkAeM bhI likhI haiN| nyAyavijaya munimahArAja - jaina muni| vaaraannsii-nivaasii| rcnaa-sndesh| isa nItiparaka kAvya meM chAtroM ko upayukta sandeza cAra bhAgoM meM diyA gayA hai| nema bhArgava - Rgveda ke 8 veM maMDala kA 100 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| isa sUkta meM nema bhArgava ne indra kI stuti kI hai| isake sAtha hI unake dvArA vyakta vANI-viSayaka vicAra nimnAMkita haiM devIM vAcamajanayanta devAstAM vizvarUpAH pazavo vadanti / sA no mandreSamUrjaM duhAnA dhenurvAgasmAnupa suSTutaitu / / artha- usa divya vANI ko devatAoM ne hI janma diyaa| kisI bhI svarUpa kA prANI ho, vaha bolatA hI hai| (cAhe vaha spaSTa dhvanita ho, yA na ho)| vaha ullasita divya vANI, eka dhena hI hai| vaha utsAha va ojasvitA kA bharapUra dUdha detI hai| to isa prakAra kI vaha manaHpUrvaka stuti kI gaI divya vANI, hama logoM ke samIpa aave| nemicandra - prathama nemicaMdra ko, siddhAntagraMthoM kA gahana adhyayana manana aura ciMtana hone ke kAraNa, "siddhAnta-cakravartI' kI upAdhi pradatta / dezIyagaNa ke aacaary| guru-abhayanandi, vIranandi aura indranandi / ziSya- gaMgavaMzI rAjA rAcamalla ke pradhAna maMtrI aura senApati cAmuNDarAya, jinhoMne zravaNabelagolA (maisUra) meM sthita vindhyagiri para 57 phITa UMcI bAhubali svAmI kI manojJa pratimA pratiSThita kI thii| cAmuNDarAya kA pArivArika nAma "gommaTa' thaa| isalie ukta pratimA ko gommaTezvara bhI kahA gayA hai| isa mUrti kA sthApanA kAla I. 981 hai| ataH nemicandra kA samaya I. 10 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha hai| graMtha-gommaTasAra, trilokasAra, labdhisAra, kSapaNakasAra, dravya-saMgraha, pratiSThApATha aadi| dvitIya nemicandra - nayanandi ke ziSya the| samaya I. 12 vIM zatI ke AsapAsa / racanAeM- mahAbhArata kA jaina rUpAMtara, jainoM ke uttarAdhyayana para TIkA aura bhavavairAgya zataka nAmaka svataMtra grNth| tRtIya nemicandra ne 16 vIM zatI meM gommaTasAra para "jIvatattvapradIpikA' nAmaka TIkA likhI thii| caturtha nemicandra bhojakAlIna "dravyasaMgraha" ke racayitA haiM jinheM "siddhAntadeva" kahA gayA hai| samaya I. 12 vIM shtii| racanAeM- laghudravyasaMgraha aura bRhadrvyasaMgraha / kAryakSetra- rAjasthAna (bUMdI ke paas)| nemicandra sUri - aparanAma-devendra gnni| udyotanAcArya ke ziSya upAdhyAya Amradeva ke shissy| gurubhmAtA- municandra sUri / aNahilapATana nagara kAryakSetra / samaya- I. 11-12 vIM shtii| graMtha- uttarAdhyayana-sukhabodhAvRtti (vi.saM. 1128), zAntyAcArya vihita ziSyasaMhitA nAmaka bRhadvRtti para AdhArita / nevAsakara, paramAnaMda kavIndra - I. 17 vIM shtii| inakA mUla nAma thA govida nidhivAsakara arthAt nevaaskr| ye mahArASTra meM nevAsA ke rahane vAle the aura inake gharAne kI kuladevI thI ekviiraa| jaisA ki unhoMne likhA hai, isa devI se hI unheM vAksiddhi athavA pratibhA prApta huI thii| paramAnaMda kavIndra aneka varSoM taka adhyayanArtha kAzI meM rhe| san 1673 meM ve mahArASTra loTe aura polAdapura meM rahakara chAtroM ko paDhAne lge| unakI kIrti sunakara zivAjI mahArAja polAdapura meM unase mile| san 1674 meM zivAjI kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| usa prasaMga para paramAnaMda kavIndra vahAM upasthita the| usa samaya zivAjI ne unase kahA ki ve unake jIvana para eka bRhat kAvya kI racanA kreN| yaha bAta paramAnaMda ne apane nimna zlokoM dvArA batAI hai yo'yaM vijayate vIraH parvatAnAmadhIzvaraH / dAkSiNAtyo mahArAjaH zAharAjAtmajaH zivaH / / sAkSAnnArAyasyAMzastridazadvezidAraNaH / sa ekadAtmaniSThaM mAM prasAdyedamabhASata / / yAni yAni caritrANi vihitAni mayA bhuvi / vidhIyante ca sumate tAni sarvANi varNaya / mAlabhUpamupakramya prathitaM matpitAmaham / kathAmetAM mahAbhAga mahanIyAM niruupy|| artha - durgo (kiloM) ke adhipati, dakSiNa ke mahArAjA, pratyakSa viSNu ke avatAra, devadrohiyoM ke saMhArakartA, zahAjI ke putra vIra zivAjI jo vijayoM se vibhUSita hai, unhoMne eka bAra mujha brahmaniSTha ko prasanna karate hue kahA - ____ "he subuddhe, maine isa pRthvI para jo jo kArya kiye tathA saMprati jo kArya kara rahA hUM, una saba kA Apa varNana kiijiye| mere pitAmaha suprasiddha mAlojI rAjA prAraMbha karate hue, he mahAbhAga, Apa isa mahanIya kathA kA kathana kreN| taba paramAnaMda ne 100 adhyAyoM kI yojanA karate hue zivAjI ke caritra para eka mahAkAvya kI racanA karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| kintu niyojita mahAkAvya ke 32 veM adhyAya ke 9 zloka hI pUre ho ske| san 1661 meM zivAjI dvArA zrRMgArapura para kI gaI caDhAI taka kA zivacaritra usameM saMguphita hai| isa mahAkAvya ko paramAnaMda ne nAma diyA "sUryavaMza", paraMtu prakAzana saMsthA ne ise "zivabhArata" nAma se prakAzita kiyaa| isa graMtha para zivAjI mahArAja ne unheM kavIndra kI padavI se vibhUSita kiyaa| isa graMtha ko lekara paramAnaMda vArANasI gae the| isa bAre meM graMtha ke pahale hI adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki kAzI ke paMDitoM kI prArthanA para unhoMne gaMgAjI ke taTa para isa mahAkAvya kA pATha kiyA thaa| 358 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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zivAjI mahArAja ke hI zAsanakAla meM unakI zAsana vyavasthA, jIvana kArya Adi kA pratyakSa avalokana karate hue hI paramAnaMda ne isa mahAkAvya kI racanA kI thii| ataH aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI prastuta "zivabhArata" graMtha ko zivAjI caritra kI dRSTi se baDA mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| naiva vyaMkaTeza - racanA - bhosala vaMzAvali cmpuu| manalUra ke dharmarAja ke putra / caMpU kA kevala prathama bhAga upalabdha / anya racanAeM- rAghavAnandam (nATaka), nIlApariNayam (nATaka) aura sabhApativilAsam (naattk)| taMjauranareza saraphojI bhosale (18-19 vIM zatI) dvArA "sAhityabhoga" kI upAdhi se sammAnita / nodhA gautama - Rgveda ke pahile maMDala ke 58-64 tathA AThaveM maMDala ke 88 va 93 kramAMka ke sUkta inake nAma para haiN| gautama kulotpanna nodhA acche kavi bhI the| unheM apane kAvya ke bAre meM sArtha abhimAna thaa| ve kahate haiM - ___ "he nodhA, vIryazAlI, atyaMta pUjya atyaMta kartRtvavAn aise marutoM ke sammAnArtha unake guNoM ko saMbodhita karate hue eka suMdara stotra arpaNa kro| eka kavi hone ke kAraNa manana dvArA acchA kauzala sAdhya kara, maiM yajJa ke avasara para prabhAvasaMpanna stotroM kI pAnI kI bhAMti vRSTi kruuNgaa|" / ___ ina sabhI sUktoM meM agni, indra, maruta va soma kI stuti hai| agni viSayaka stuti kI unakI RcA nimnAMkita hai : mUrdhA divo nAbhiragniH pRthivya athAbhavadaratI rodasyoH / te taM tvA devAso janayanta devaM vaizvAnara jyotiridAryAya / / artha- agni hai dhuloka kA mastaka aura pRthvI kI nAbhi, vaha dhuloka tathA bhUloka kA adhipati banA hai| saMpUrNa vizva ke prati mitratva dhAraNa karanevAle he agnideva, Apa isa prakAra ke zreSTha devatA hone ke kAraNa, Apa Arya janoM ke prakAza (mArgadarzaka) baneM isa hetu, Apako divya janoM ne janma lene ke liye prerita kiyaa| nodhA ne marUtoM ke sUkta meM (1.64) marutoM saMbaMdhI paryApta caritraviSayaka jAnakArI dI hai| nyAyavAgIza bhaTTAcArya - I. 18 vIM shtii| racanA - "kAvyamaMjarI"| baMgAla ke nivaasii|| paMcapAgeza zAstrI - (kvirtn)| kumbhakoNam ke zAMkara maTha meM adhyaapk| samaya I. 19-20 vIM shtii| racanAeMharizcandravijayacampUH, tATaMkapratiSThAmahotsava campUH, jagadguru aSTottarazatakam, rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa caritam, zaMkaragurucarita-saMgraha tathA aneka devtaastotr| sabhI mudrita / paMcazikha - sAMkhyadarzana ko vyavasthita va susaMbaddha karane vAle prathama aacaary| sAMkhyadarzana ke pravartaka maharSi kapila ke ziSya AcArya Asuri ke ye ziSya the| inake siddhAMta vAkya aneka graMthoM meM uddhRta haiM, jinheM paMcazikhasUtra kahA jAtA hai| yathA - 1) ekameva darzanaM khyAtireva darzanam (yogAbhASya, 1-4) / 2) tamaNumAtramAtmAnamanuvidyAramItyevaM tAvatsaMprajAnIte (yoga, 1-36) / 3) tatsaMyogahetu vivarjanAt syAdayamAtyaMtiko duHkhapratikAraH / (yogabhASya 2-17, brahmasUtra-bhAmatI, 2-2-10) / cInI paraMparA, paMcazikha ko "SaSTitaMtra' kA racayitA mAnatI hai jisameM 60 hajAra zloka the| inake siddhAMtoM kA vivaraNa "mahAbhArata" meM bhI prApta hotA hai| (zAMtiparva, adhyAya 302-308) / "SaSTitaMtra" ke praNetA ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| udayavIra zAstrI va kAlIpada bhaTTAcArya, "SaSTitaMtra" kA racayitA kapila ko mAnate hai| bhAskarAcArya ne bhI apane brahmasUtra ke bhASya meM kapila ko hI "SaSTitaMtra" kA praNetA kahA hai| "kapilamaharSipraNIta SaSTitaMtrAkhyasmRteH (brahmasUtra 2-1-1) para ma.ma.DA. gopInAtha kavirAja ke anusAra, paMcazikha hI "SaSTitaMtra" ke praNetA haiN| paMcAcArya - vIrazaiva mata ke pravartaka pAMca aary| inake zubhanAma haiM ekorAmArAdhya, paMDitArAdhya, revaNArAdhya, marulArAdhya aura vishvaaraadhy| kahA gayA hai ki ye AcArya zivaliMga se uddhRta hue aura unhoMne vizvasaMcAra karate hue zivabhakti kA sarvatra pracAra kiyaa| isa saMbaMdha meM zivajI pArvatI se kahate haiM : madAdisarvalokAnAM jagadguruvarottamAH / / artha - mere pAMca mukhoM se utpanna hue ye pAMca AcArya, mere tathA sabhI logoM ke zreSTha guru haiN| ___ ina AcAryoM ne karnATaka ke bAle honnUra, mAlavA kI ujjayinI, himAlaya ke kedArakSetra, zrIzailakSetra tathA kAzI ina pAMca sthAnoM para dharmapITha sthApana kiye| mAnA jAtA hai ki ina pAMca AcAryoM ne upaniSadAdi graMthoM para bhASyoM kI racanA kI thI, kintu abhI taka unameM se eka bhI bhASya upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| paMcAnana tarkaratna (ma.ma.) - janma- san 1866 meM baMgAla ke caubIsa paraganA jile ke bhaTTapallI (bhATApADA) meN| 19 varSa kI avasthA meM pitA- nandalAla vidyAratna, jayarAma nyAyabhUSaNa, rAkhAladAsa nyAyaratna, madhusUdana smRtiratna, tArAcaraNa tarkaratna, bhAskara zarmA Adi se zikSA prApta kii| san 1885 se 1937 taka vaMgavAsI presa meM saMpAdana tathA saMzodhana meM rata rhe| naeNzanala kAleja va saMskRta sAhitya pariSad kI sthApanA kii| zAradA bila kA virodha karate hue, "mahAmahopAdhyAya' kI upAdhi kA tyAga kiyaa| "anuzIlanI" nAmaka krAntikArI dala kA gaThana kiyaa| alIpura bama visphoTa ke saMdarbha meM sana 1907 meM bandivAsa meM rhe| kRtiyAM - pArthAzvamedha va sarvamaMgalodaya (kAvya), amaramaMgala tathA kalaMkamocana (nATaka), brahmasUtra para zaktibhASya, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata,paMcadazI, vaizeSika darzana, sAMkhyatatva kaumudI Adi saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 359 For Private and Personal Use Only

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para ttiikaaeN| pakSadhara mizra - samaya I.kI 13 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha / inakA mUla nAma thA jydev| kisI bhI siddhAMta ko lekara usakA eka pakSa (pakhavADe) taka samarthana karate rahane ke unake svabhAva ke kAraNa, unheM "pakSadhara" kahate the| inhoMne gaMgeza upAdhyAya ke tattvaciMtAmaNi nAmaka graMtha para, Aloka nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| inake ziSya rucidatta mizra bhI prakAMDa paMDita the| unhoMne vardhamAna ke kusumAMjaliprakAza para "makaraMda" nAmaka tathA gaMgerI kI tattvaciMtAmaNi para "prakAza" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| paTTAbhirAma zAstrI (vidyAsAgara evaM mImAMsAnyAyakesarI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita) - - samaya I. 20 vIM shtii| mahArAjA saMskRta kaoNleja, jayapura ke adhyakSa evaM kalakattA vi. vi. meM mImAMsA praadhyaapk| "navoDhA vadhUH varazca" nAmaka prahasana ke prnnetaa| vArANasI meM nivAsa / pataMga prAjApatya - Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala kA 177 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| ye prajApati ke priya putra the| eka kathA ke anusAra, inake dvArA nirmita sAma (maMtra) ke kAraNa, uccaiHzravasa kaupeya ko mRtyu ke pazcAt dhUmrazarIra prApta huaa| unake dvArA viracita sUkta kI eka RcA isa prakAra hai - pataGgamaktamasurasya mAyayA hadA pazyanti manasA vipazcitaH / samudre antaH kavayo vicakSate marIcInAM padamicchanti vedhasaH / / (R. 10.1.77) artha - yaha pataMga = (paramAtmarUpa pakSI athavA sUrya) apanI IzvarIya mAyA se (atayaM zakti se) vyApta hone ke kAraNa uttama jJAnI jana use kevala apane hRdaya kI saMvedanA se yukta mana se hI pahacAnate haiN| gUDha kalpanA taraMga meM nimagna rahanevAle kavi bhI (vizvarUpI) sAgara ke udara meM hI use dekhate haiM aura vidhAtA (svAnubhavI) hote haiM, ve usake prakAza sthAna kI prApti kI icchA karate haiN| sUrya kA varNana "pataMga" isa nAma se karane ke kAraNa inheM 'pataMga' yaha nAma prApta huA hogaa| pataMjali - I. 2 rI shtii| "vyAkaraNa-pahAbhASya" ke racayitA, yogadarzana ke praNetA tathA Ayurveda kI caraka paraMparA ke janaka pataMjali kI gaNanA, bhArata ke agragaNya vidvAnoM meM kI jAtI hai| isI liye unheM namana karate hue bhartRhari ne apane graMtha vAkyapadIya ke prAraMbha meM nimna zloka likhA hai - yogena cittasya padena vAcAM malaM zarIrasya ca vaidyakena / yo'pAkarot taM pravaraM munInAM pataMjaliM prAMjalirAnato'smi / / artha - yoga se citta kA, pada (vyAkaraNa) se vANI kA va vaidyaka se zarIra kA mala jinhoMne dUra kiyA, una munizreSTha pataMjali ko meM aMjali baddha hokara namaskAra karatA huuN| pataMjali ke anya nAma haiM- gonIya, goNikAputra, nAganAtha, ahipati, cUrNikAra, phaNibhRta, zeSAhi, zeSarAja aura padakAra / nivAsa sthAna - gonarda grAma (kAzmIra) athavA goMDA u. pr.| mAtA- gonnikaa| pitAjI kA nAma upalabdha nhiiN| rAmacaMdra dIkSita ne pataMjalicarita nAmaka unakA caritra likhA hai jisameM pataMjali ko zeSa kA avatAra mAnakara, tatsaMbaMdhI nimna AkhyAyikA dI gaI hai eka bAra jaba zrIviSNu zeSazayyA para nidrita the, zaMkarajI ne apanA tAMDava nRtya prAraMbha kiyaa| usa samaya zrIviSNu gaharI nidrA meM nahIM the| ataH svAbhAvikataH unakA dhyAna usa zivanRtya kI ora AkarSita huaa| usa nRtya ko dekhate hue zrIviSNu ko itanA AnaMda huA, ki vaha unake zarIra meM samAtA nahIM thaa| ataH unhoMne apane zarIra ko bar3hAnA prAraMbha kiyaa| viSNu kA zarIra vRddhiMgata hote hI zeSa ko unakA bhAra asahya ho utthaa| ve apane sahasra mukhoM se phUtkAra karane lge| usake kAraNa lakSmIjI ghabarAIM aura unhoMne zrIviSNu ko nIMda se jgaayaa| unake jAgate hI unakA zarIra AkuMcita huaa| taba chuTakAre kI sAMsa lete hue zeSa ne pUchA "kyA Aja merI parIkSA lenA cAhate the|" isa para zrIviSNu ne zeSa ko, zivajI ke tAMDava nRtya kA kalAtmaka zreSThatva vizada karake btaayaa| taba zeSa bole - "vaha nRtya eka bAra mai dekhanA cAhatA huuN"| isa para viSNu ne kahA - "tuma eka bAra punaH pRthvI para avatAra lo, usI avatAra meM tuma zivajI kA tAMDava nRtya dekha skoge|" / tadanusAra avatAra lene hetu ucita sthAna kI khoja meM zeSajI cala pdde| calate calate gonarda nAmaka sthAna para, unheM goNikA nAmaka eka mahilA, putraprApti kI icchA se tapasyA karatI huI dIkha pddii| zeSajI ne use mAtRrUpa meM svIkAra karane kA mana hI mana nizcaya kiyaa| ataH jaba goNikA sUrya ko arghya dene hetu siddha huI taba zeSajI sUkSma rUpa dhAraNa kara usakI aMjali meM jA baiThe aura usakI aMjali ke jala ke sAtha nIce Ate hI, usake sammukha bAlaka ke rUpa meM khaDe ho ge| goNikA ne unheM apanA putra mAna kara godI meM uThA liyA aura bolI "merI aMjuli se patana pAne ke kAraNa, mai tumhArA nAma pataMjali rakhatI huuN"| pataMjali ne bAlyAvasthA se hI vidyAbhyAsa prAraMbha kiyaa| phira tapasyA dvArA unhoMne zivajI ko prasanna kara liyaa| zivajI ne unheM cidaMbara kSetra meM apanA tAMDava nRtya dikhalAyA aura padazAstra para bhASya likhane kA Adeza diyaa| tadanusAra cidaMbaram meM hI raha kara pataMjali ne pANini ke sUtroM tathA kAtyAyana ke vArtikoM para vistRta bhASya kI racanA kii| yaha graMtha "pAtaMjala mahAbhASya" ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| isa mahAbhASya kI kIrti sunakara, usake adhyayanArtha hajAroM 360 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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paMDita pataMjali ke yahAM Ane lge| pataMjali eka yavanikA (parde) kI oTa meM baiTha kara, zeSanAga ke rUpa meM una sahasroM ziSyoM ko eka sAtha paDhAne lge| unhoMne ziSyoM ko kaDI cetAvanI de rakhI thI ki koI bhI yavanikA ke aMdara jhAMka kara na dekhe| kintu ziSyoM ke hRdaya meM isa bAre meM bhArI kutUhala jAgrata ho cukA thA ki eka hI vyakti eka hI samaya itane ziSyoM ko graMtha ke anyAnya bhAga kisa prakAra par3hA sakatA hai| ataH eka dina unhoMne jaba yavanikA dUra kI, to unheM dikhAI diyA ki pataMjali sahasramukha zeSanAga ke rUpa meM adhyApana kArya kara rahe haiM kintu zeSajI kA teja itanA prakhara thA ki unheM dekhane vAle sabhI ziSya turaMta jala kara bhasma bhA ziSya turata jala kara bhasma ho ge| kevala eka ziSya jo usa samaya jala lAne ke liye bAhara gayA thA, baca gyaa| pataMjali ne use Adeza diyA, ki vaha suyogya ziSyoM ko mahAbhASya pddhaae| phira pataMjali cidaMbara kSetra se gonarda grAma lautte| vahAM pahuMca kara unhoMne apanI mAtAjI ke darzana kiye, aura phira apane mUla zeSa rUpa meM ve praviSTa ho ge| mahAbhASya ke samAna hI pataMjali ne Ayurveda kI caraka saMhitA bhI likhI aisA kahA gayA hai| caraka saMhitA kA mUla nAma hai aatreysNhitaa| kRSNa yajurveda kI eka zAkhA thI crk| usake anuyAyiyoM ko bhI caraka hI kahA jAtA thaa| aisA prasiddha hai ki caraka loga sAmAnyataH AyurvedajJa, mAMtrika tathA nAgopAsaka the| kahA jAtA hai ki pataMjali bhI usI zAkhA ke hoNge| carakasaMhitA atri ke nAma para hote hue bhI adhikAMza vidvAna mAnate haiM ki pataMjali ne usa para prabalasaMskAra avazya kiye hoNge| pataMjali ko Ayurveda kI acchI jAnakArI thI, yaha bAta unake mahAbhASya se bhI dikhAI detI hai| unake mahAbhASya meM zarIraracanA, zarIrasauMdarya, zarIravikRti, roganidAna, auSadhivijJAna Adi ke viSaya meM aneka sthAnoM para ullekha Ae haiN| __ yogasUtroM kI bhI racanA pataMjali ne hI kI aisA prasiddha hai kiMtu bhASyakAra, yogasUtrakAra tathA carakasaMskartA ko eka hI vyakti mAnanA, aneka vidvAnoM ko mAnya nhiiN| unakA tarka hai ki ye tInoM pataMjali bhinna kAla ke bhinna vyakti hone caahiye| yogasUtroM meM ArSa (RSipraNIta) prayoga nahIM haiN| sUtroM ke arthoM ke liye adhyAhAra (vAkyapUrti ke liye zabda-yojanA) kI AvazyakatA nahIM paDatI aura usakI racanA-zailI mahAbhASya ke anurUpa spaSTa evaM prAsAdika hai| ina AdhAroM para DaoN. prabhudayAla agnihotrI, mahAbhASyakartA ko hI yogasUtroM kA kartA mAnate haiN| anya kisI bhI dArzanika kI tulanA meM yogasUtrakAra eka zreSTha vaiyAkaraNa pratIta hote haiN| cakrapANi nAmaka eka prAcIna TIkAkAra ne bhI nimna zloka dvArA pataMjali ko eka hI vyakti mAnA hai pAtaMjala-mahAbhASya-carakapratisaMskRtaiH / manovAkkAyadoSANAM hante'hipataye namaH / / artha- yogasUtra, mahAbhASya tathA carakasaMhitA kA pratisaMskaraNa ina kRtiyoM se, kramazaH mana, vANI evaM deha ke doSoM kA nirasana karane vAle pataMjali ko maiM namaskAra karatA huuN| caraka zabda ke kalpita artha lekara vidvAnoM ne jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM uname dvivedI kahate haiM- adhyayana kI samApti ke pazcAt, pataMjali kucha samaya ke liye "caraka" arthAt bhramaNazIla rhe| vibhinna pradezoM va grAmoM meM ghUma-phira kara, unhoMne pANini kAtyAyana ke pazcAt saMskRta bhASA ke zabda-prayogoM meM jo parivartana rUDha hue unakA adhyayana kiyA, aura unakA nirUpaNa karane hetu "iSTi" ke nAma se kucha naye niyama bnaaye| puNe nivAsI zrI. a. ja. karaMdIkara ne caraka ke cara arthAt guptacara isa artha ke AdhAra para apanI saMbhAvanA vyakta karate hue likhA haiM___"prAraMbha meM pataMjali ne eka guptacara kI bhUmikA se bhArata bhramaNa kiyA hogaa| usa sthiti meM unakA samAveza, arthazAstra meM varNita satrI nAmaka guptacaroM meM huA honA caahiye| Arya cANakya ne apane arthazAstra meM kahA hai ki pitRhIna va AptahIna bAlakoM ko sAmudrika, mukha-parIkSA, jAdU-vidyA, vazIkaraNa, Azrama-dharma, zakuna-vidyA Adi sikhAkara, unameM se saMsarga athavA samAgama dvArA vRtta-saMgraha karane vAle guptacaroM kA cunAva kiyA jAnA caahiye| pataMjali ko goNikA-putra kaha kara hI pahacAnA jAtA hai| ataH unake pitAjI kI akAlamRtyu huI hogI aura ve nirAdhAra rahe hoNge| pariNAmasvarUpa satrI nAmaka guptacaroM ke bIca hI unakI zikSA-dIkSA huI hogI, athavA unhoMne svecchA se hI usa sAhasI vyavasAya kA svIkAra kiyA hogaa|" __pataMjali ke janmasthAna ke bAre meM bhI vidvAnoM kA ekamata nahIM haiN| pataMjali ne kAtyAyana ko dAkSiNAtya kahA hai| isase anumAna hotA hai, ki ve uttara bhArata ke nivAsI rahe hoNge| unake janma-grAma ke rUpa meM gonarda grAma kA nAmollekha ho cukA hai| kintu gonarda kA saMbaMdha goMDapradeza se bhI mAnate haiN| katipaya paMDitoM ke matAnusAra gonarda grAma avadha pradeza kA goMDA hogaa| vebara isa gAvaM ko magadha ke pUrva meM sthita mAnate haiN| kaniMgahaima ke anusAra, gonarda hai gauDa kintu pataMjali the AryAvarta kA abhimAna rakhane vaale| ataH unakA janma-grAma, AryAvarta hI meM kahIM-na-kahIM honA cAhiye, isameM saMdeha nhiiN| usa dRSTi se vaha gonarda, vidizA aura ujjaina ke bIca kisI sthAna para honA caahiye| pro. silvhA~ levhI bhI gonarda ko vidizA va ujjaina ke mArga para hI mAnate haiN| unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki vidizA ke samIpa sthita sAMcI ke bauddha stUpa ko, AsapAsa ke prAyaH sabhI gAMvoM ke logoM dvArA dAna diye jAne ke ullekha milate haiM, kintu usameM gonarda ke logoM ke nAma dikhAI nahIM dete| isa bAta para unhoMne Azcarya bhI vyakta saMskRta vAGmaya koza- graMthakAra khaNDa/361 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kiyA hai| tathApi isa para se anumAna nikalatA hai ki gonarda zaMkarAcArya, rAmAnuja, sAyaNa jaise mahAn AcArya kintu kevala ke loga kaTTara bauddha-virodhaka hoNge| aise bauddha-virodhakoM ke / pataMjali kA bhASya hI, "mahAbhASya" hone kA sammAna prApta kendra meM pataMjali pale yaha ghaTanA, unake caritra kI dRSTi se kara skaa| isa mahAbhASya dvArA vyAkaraNa ke sUkSmAtisUkSma mahattvapUrNa hai| vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya se yaha sUcita hotA hai, ki / rahasyoM taka kA udghATana kiyA jAtA hai| : pataMjali kI maurya samrAT bRhadratha kA vadha karAne vAle puSyamitra ___isake sAtha hI apane isa graMtha meM zabda kI vyApakatA para zuMga se mitratA thii| pataMjali ne vyAkaraNa kI parIkSA pATalIputra prakAza DAla kara, pataMjali ne "sphoTavAda" nAmaka eka navIna (paTanA) meM dii| vahIM para una donoM kI mitratA huI hogii| dArzanika siddhAMta kI nIMva bhI DAlI hai| anAdi, anaMta, bauddha bana kara vaidika dharma kA virodha karane vAle maurya-kula akhaMDa, ajJeya, svayaMprakAzamAna Adi nAnA vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kA uccheda kara, bhArata meM vaidikadharmI rAjya kI prasthApanA karane zabdabrahma hI sRSTi kA AdikAraNa hai, aisA pataMjali mAnate haiN| kI yojanA, una donoM ne vahIM para banAI hogii| isa dRSTi se pataMjali kI racanAeM- vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya ke atirikta pataMjali a. ja. karaMdIkara ne pataMjali se saMbaMdhita AkhyAyikAoM ko nAma se saMbaMdhita nimna kRtiyA~ haiaitihAsika, artha lagAne kA nimna prakAra se prayatna kiyA hai mahArAja samudragupta kRta "kRSNacarita" meM pataMjali ko- "mahAnaMda" ___ zrI viSNu ne apane zarIra ko baDhAyA aura usakA bhAra yA "mahAnaMdamaya" kAvya kA praNetA kahA gayA hai jisa meM zeSajI ko asahya huaa| isakA artha yaha ki pRthvIpati rUpI kAvya ke bahAne yoga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| viSNu arthAt maurya samrAT dvArA apanI adhikAra-maryAdA kA __ "saduktikarNAmRta' meM bhASyakAra ke nAma se nimna zloka kiyA gayA ullaMghana, pataMjali ke samAna hI madhyabhArata ke uddhRta kiyA gayA haisabhI nAgakuloptannoM ko asahya ho cukA thaa| pratIta hotA hai yadyapi svacchabhAvena darzayatyambudhirmaNIn / ki pataMjali kA nAgakula se ghaniSTa saMbaMdha thA, kyoMki unheM tathApi jAnudanno'yamiti cetasi mA kathAH / / zeSanAga kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai| ina nAgoM kA puSyamANava 2. zAradAtanaya-racita "bhAvaprakAzana" meM kisI vAsukI nAmaka eka saMgaThana, puSyamitra ke hI netRtva meM nirmANa huA AcArya kRta sAhityazAstrIya graMtha kA ullekha hai| isameM bhAvoM hogA yaha bAta dvArA rasotpatti kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isase anumAna hotA ___ "mahIpAlavacaH zrutvA judhuSuH puSyamANavAH" arthAt mahIpAla hai ki pataMjali ne koI kAvyazAstrIya graMtha likhA hogaa| kA (rAjA kA) vacana sunakara puSyamAnava prakSubdha hue- isa 3. lohazAstra- zivadAsakRta vaidyaka graMtha "cakradatta" kI mahAbhASyAMtargata zloka se sUcita hotI hai| yaha kalpanA, TIkA meM lohazAstra nAmaka graMtha ke racayitA pataMjali batAe gae haiN| prabhAtacaMdra caeNTarjI se lekara DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla taka 5. siddhAMta-sArAvalI- isake praNetA bhI pataMjali kaha gae haiN| aneka vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kI hai| puSyamitra ke sAtha hI pataMjali ne bhI isa saMgaThana kA netRtva kiyA hogaa| 6. koza- aneka koza-graMthoM kI TIkAoM meM vAsaki, zeSa, phaNapAti va bhogIMdra Adi nAmoM dvArA racita koza-graMtha puSyamitra zuMga va pataMjali donoM hI vaidika dharma evaM saMskRta ke uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| bhASA ke abhimAnI the| puSyamitra ne do azvamegha yajJa kiye the, aura unakA paurohitya kiyA thA pataMjali ne / vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya pataMjali kA samaya- bahusaMkhya bhAratIya va pAzcAtya vidvAnoM likha kara to pataMjali ne saMskRta bhASA ko gaurava ke zikhara ke anusAra pataMjali kA samaya 150 I. pU. hai; para yudhiSThira para hI pahuMcA diyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa pAlI-ardhamAgadhI jaisI mImAMsakajI ne jora dekara batAyA hai, ki pataMjali, vikrama bauddha-jainoM kI dharmabhASAeM taka saMskRta ke sAmane pichaDa gii| saMvat se do hajAra varSa pUrva hue the| isa saMbaMdha meM abhI "saMskRta tathA apabhraMza zabdoM se yadyapi eka jaisA hI artha taka koI nizcita pramANa prApta nahIM ho sakA hai para aMtaHsAkSa vyakta hotA hai, phira bhI dhArmika dRSTi se saMskRta-zabdoM kA ke AdhAra para inakA samaya-nirUpaNa koI kaThina kArya nhiiN| hI upayoga kiyA jAnA cAhiye, kyoMki aisA karane se abhyudaya "mahAbhASya" ke varNana se patA calatA hai ki puSyamitra ne hotA hai"- aisA pataMjali ne kahA hai| usa kAla meM pataMjali kisI aise vizAla yajJa kA Ayojana kiyA thA, jisameM aneka va puSyamitra dvArA kiye gaye saMskRta bhASA ke punarutthAna ke purohita the, aura unameM pataMjali bhI the| ve svayaM brAhmaNa kAraNa hI rAmAyaNa-mahAbhAratAdi mahAn graMthoM kA akhila bhArata yAjaka the aura isI kAraNa unhoMne kSatriya yAjaka para kaTAkSa kiyA haimeM sAmAnyataH eka hI svarUpa meM pracAra huA, aura bhArata kA yadi bhavadvidhaH kSatriyaM yAjayet (3-3-147, pR. 332) / ekarASTrIyatva aba taka Tika skaa| puSyamitro yajate, yAjakAH yAjayaMti / tatra bhavitavyam vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya hai pataMjali kI ajarAmara kRti| bhArata puSyamitro yAjayate, yAjakAH yAjayaMtIti yajvAdiSu meM aneka bhASyoM kA nirmANa huA jinake nirmAtA the zabara, cAviparyAso vaktavyaH (mahAbhASya, 3-1-26) / jI ne jora parva hue the| isa para aMtaHsAkSa 362 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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isase patA calatA hai, ki pataMjali kA AvirbhAva kAlidAsa ke pUrva va puSyamitra ke rAjya-kAla meM huA thaa| "matsya-purANa" ke anusAra puSyamitra ne 36 varSoM taka rAjya kiyA thaa| puSyamitra ke siMhAsanAsIna hone kA samaya 185 I. pU. hai, aura 36 varSa kama kara dene para usake zAsana kI sImA 149 I. pU. nizcita hotI hai| golDasTukara ne "mahAbhASya" kA kAla 140 se 120 I. pU. mAnA hai| DaoN. bhAMDArakara ke anusAra pataMjali kA samaya 158 I. pU. ke lagabhaga hai para pro. bebara ke anusAra inakA samaya kaniSka ke bAda arthAt I. pU. 25 varSa honA caahiye| DA. bhAMDArakara ne pro. bebara ke isa kathana kA khaMDana kara diyA hai| bothaliMka ke matAnusAra pataMjali kA samaya 200 I. pU. hai (pANinIj graamettik)| isa mata kA samarthana meksamUlara ne bhI kiyA hai| kItha ke anusAra pataMjali kA samaya 140-150 I. pU. hai|| padmagupta (parimala)- I. 11 vIM shtii| pitA-mRgAMkagupta / dhArA nagarI ke siMdhurAja ke jyeSTha bhrAtA rAjA muMja ke Azrita kvi| inhoMne saMskRta sAhitya ke sarvaprathama aitihAsika mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| isa mahAkAvya kA nAma hai "nvsaahsaangkcrit"| yaha itihAsa evaM kAvya donoM hI dRSTiyoM se mAnyatA prApta hai| isa mahAkAvya ke 18 sarga haiM, aura isameM siMdhurAja ke pUrvajoM arthAt paramAravaMzIya rAjAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa kRti para mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke kAvya kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| isakI racanA sana 1005 ke AsapAsa huI thii| isakA, hindI anuvAda sahita prakAzana caukhambA-vidyAbhavana se ho cukA hai| padmagupta, "parimala kAlidAsa" kahalAte the| dhanika va mammaTa ne inheM uddhRta kiyA hai| padmanaMdi- isa nAma ke aneka satpuruSa jaina saMpradAya meM he| ve sabhI saMmAnita hai paraMtu una meM saMskRta graMthakAra ke rUpa meM padmanaMdi dvitIya viziSTa ullekhanIya haiN| gurunAma-vIranandi / samaya I. 11 vIM shtii| racanAeM-1. padmanandi pNcviNshtikaa| isameM dharmopadezAmRta (198 padya), dAnopadezana (54 padya), upAsakasaMskAra (12 padya), dezavratodyotana (27 padya), sadbodhacandrodaya (50 padya) Adi 26 viSayoM kA suMdara varNana milatA hai| isa graMtha ke kannaDa TIkAkAra bhI padmanaMdi haiN| kAryakSetra kolhApUra tathA miraja rahA hai| padmanaMdi bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke ziSya / jAti-brAhmaNa / mUlasaMgha sthita nandisaMgha balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatI gaccha ke aacaary| ziSyanAma- madanadeva, nayanandi aura mdnkiirti| I. 13 vIM shtaabdii| prtisstthaacaary| racanAeM:- 1. jIrApallI-pArzvanAtha stavana (10 padya), 2. bhAvanA-paddhati (34 padya), 3. zrAvakAcArasAroddhAra (tIna pariccheda), 4. anantavratakathA (85 padya) aura 5. vadamAnacarita (300 pdy)| padmanAbha- I. 15 vIM zatI (puurvaardh)| janmataH kAyastha the, bAda meM guNakIrti bhaTTAraka ke upadeza se jaina dharma svIkAra kiyaa| gvAliyara ke AsapAsa ke nivaasii| graMthaH yazodharacarita (9 srg)| yaha graMtha padmanAbha ne gvAliyara ke tomaravaMzI rAjA vIramadeva ke maMtrI kuzarAja ke Agraha se likhA thaa| padmanAbha- kAmazAstrI ke putr| I. 19 vIM shtii| godAvarI ke taTa para koTipallI meM jnm| Andhra ke koTipallI gAvaM ke mahotsava meM pradarzana hetu likhita racanA "tripurvijy-vyaayog"| padmanAbha- mUlataH aandhnivaasii| tadanantara kAzI-vAstavya meM racanA- lIlAdarpaNabhANaH (shRNgaarik)| padmanAbha datta- vi. saM. 1400 / "supadma" nAmaka vyAkaraNa kI rcnaa| pitaa-daamodrdtt| pitaamh-shriidtt| anya racanAeM-supAma-paMjikA, prayogadIpikA, uNAdivRtti, dhAtukaumudI, yaGluGvRtti, gopAlacarita, AnandalaharI (mAghaTIkA), chandoratna, AcAracandrikA, bhUriprayogakoza aura pribhaassaavRtti| TIkAeM-viSNumizra (supadmamakaranda), rAmacaMdra, zrIdhara cakravartI, kAzIzvara prabhRti ne "supadma' para TIkAeM likhI haiN| isa vyAkaraNa kA pracAra baMgAla ke kucha jiloM taka hI sImita rhaa| inake atirikta supadmavyAkaraNa viSayaka granthakAroM kI vyAkaraNa-racanA alpamAtrA meM pracalita hai:- zubhacandra kRta-cintAmaNi vyaakrnn| bharatasenakRta-drutabodha vyAkaraNa aura rAmakiMkarakRta-Azubodha vyAkaraNa / rAmezvara-zuddhAzubodha vyAkaraNa / zivaprasAda-zIghrabodha vyaakrnn| kAzIzvara-jJAnAmRta vyAkaraNa / ruupgosvaamii-hrinaamaamRt| jiivgosvaamii-hrinaamaamRt| bAlarAma paMcAnana- prabodhaprakAza vyAkaraNa / vijjala bhUpati- prabodha-caMdrikA vyaakrnn| vinAyaka - bhaavsiNhprkriyaa| cidrUpAzrama - dIpavyAkaraNa / nArAyaNa surananda - kArikAvalI vyaakrnn| narahari - bAlabodha vyaakrnn| padmanAbha mizra (pradyotana bhaTTAcArya)- samaya - I. 16 vIM shtii| pitA-balabhadra mizra / maataa-vijyshrii| mUlataH bNgaalii| kAzI meM nivAsa / "vIrabhadrasena caMpU' sahita aneka graMthoM ke praNetA, jinameM kAvya ke atirikta darzana-graMthoM kA bhI samAveza hai| isa caMpU ke sAtha hI inakI dUsarI pramukha kRti jayadeva kRta "caMdrAloka" kI zaradAgama TIkA hai| ___ "vIrabhadrasena caMpU' kA racanA-kAla 1577 I. hai (7-7), jise inhoMne rIvAnareza rAmacaMdra ke putra vIrabhadradeva ke Agraha para likhA thaa| isa caMpU-kAvya kA prakAzana prAcyavANI-maMdira, 3, pheDarezana sTrITa kalakattA-9 se huA hai| padmanAbha zAstrI- vhI. jI. shriirNgnivaasii| racanA-jArja-devacaritam jo rAjabhaktipradIpa ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai anya racanA-pavanadUtam (khaNDa kaavy)| jArja devacaritam meM AMglanRpa paMcama jArja kA caritra varNita hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 363 For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmanAbhAcArya- I. 16 vIM shtii| Apa zobhanabhaTTa nAma se eka udbhaTa vidvAn ke rUpa meM cAlukyoM kI rAjadhAnI kalyANa nagarI meM suprasiddha the| isI nagarI meM madhvAcArya se hue zAstrArtha meM parAjita hone para unhoMne madhvAcAryajI kA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyaa| tabhI madhvAcArya ne unakA nayA nAma rakhA padmanAbhAcArya / madhvAcArya ke pazcAt ve hI unake maTha ke uttarAdhikArI bne| unhoMne madhvAcAryajI ke graMthoM para TIkAeM tathA padArthasaMgraha, madhvasiddhAMtasAra Adi kucha graMtha bhI likhe haiN| padmanAbhAcArya- 19 vIM shtii| koImatUra meM vkiil| racanAeM-govardhana-vilAsam aura dhruvatapaH / padmapAdAcArya- I. 8 vIM shtii| Adya zaMkarAcAryajI ke cAra pramukha ziSyoM meM se ek| kAzyapagotrIya RgvedI braahmnn| cokadeza ke nivaasii| Apake mAtA-pitA ahobala kSetra meM rahate the| narasiMha hI kRpA se padmapAda kA janma huA thaa| pitAjI ke samAna Apa bhI narasiMha ke bhakta the| narasiMha kI preraNA se ve vedavidyA ke adhyayanArtha kAzI ge| vahAM para vedAdhyayana karate samaya unakI bheTa Adya zaMkarAcAryajI se huii| AcArya zrI ne padmapAda kI parIkSA lI, aura usameM bhalIbhAMti uttIrNa huA dekha, unheM saMnyAsa kI dIkSA dekara unakA nAma rakhA pdmpaadaacaary| Age calakara ve zaMkarAcAryajI ke nissIma bhakta bne| inake padmapAda nAma ke bAre meM eka rocaka AkhyAyikA prasiddha hai___ eka bAra unheM zaMkarAcAryajI kI karuNa pukAra sunAI dii| pukAra sunate hI padmapAda apane gurudeva ke pAsa pahuMcane ke liye utAvale ho utthe| mArga meM thI alakanaMdA ndii| nadI para pula bhI thA kintu vyagratAvaza pula se na jAte hue, padmapAda sIdhe nadI ke pAtra meM se hI gurudeva kI ora jAne lge| nadI kA jala-stara UMcA thaa| parantu padmapAda kI bhAkta ke sAmarthya ke kAraNa unake hara paga ke nIce kamala-puSpa utpanna hote gae aura una puSpoM para paira rakhate hue unhoMne sahaja hI alakanaMdA ko pAra kiyaa| isa prakAra unake pairoM ke nIce padmoM kI utpatti hone ke kAraNa unakA nAma padmapAda pdd'aa| padmapAdAcArya sadaiva zaMkarAcAryajI ke sAtha bhramaNa kiyA karate the| eka bAra gurudeva kI anujJA prApta kara ve akele hI dakSiNa bhArata kI yAtrA para nikale aura kAlahastIzvara, zivakAMcI, ballAleza, puMDarIkapura, zivagaMgA, rAmezvara Adi tIrtho kI yAtrA kara ve apane gAMva lautte| phira ve apane mAmA ke gAMva jAkara rhe| isase pUrva ve brahmasUtra-bhASya para apanA "paMcapadikA" nAmaka TIkA-graMtha likha cuke the| unake mAmA dvaitI the| apanA bhAMjA vidyAsaMpanna hokara brahmasUtra-bhASya para TIkA-graMtha likha sakA, yaha dekha mAmA baDe prasanna hue| kintu jaba unhoMne vaha TIkA-graMtha paDhA to unheM vidita huA ki bhAMje ne unake dvaita mata kA khaMDana karate hue advaita mata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa mAmAjI ko baDA burA lagA aura ve mana-hI-mana padmapAda kA dveSa karane lge| padmapAda ko mAmA ke dveSa kI jAnakArI nahIM thii| ataH phira se tIrthayAtrA para nikalate samaya unhoMne apanA TIkA-graMtha mAmA ke hI yahAM rakha choddaa| mAmAjI, jo isa prakAra ke avasara kI tAka meM the hI, ve cAhate the ki bhAMje kA TIkA-graMtha to naSTa ho, kintu tatsaMbaMdhI doSAropaNa una para koI bhI na kara ske| isa uddezya se unhoMne svayaM ke ghara ko hI Aga lagA dii| ghara ke sAtha hI bhAMje kA TIkA-graMtha bhI jala gyaa| tIrthayAtrA se lauTane para padmapAda ko vaha azubha vArtA vidita huii| mAmAjI ne bhI duHkha kA pradarzana karate nakrAzru bhaaye| padmapAdAcArya ko isa durghaTanA se duHkha to huA, kintu ve hatAza nahIM hue| ve bole- graMtha jala gayA to kyA huaa| merI buddhi to surakSita hai| maiM graMtha kA punarlekhana kruuNgaa| taba padmapAdAcArya kI buddhi ko bhI naSTa karane ke uddeSya se. unake mAmA ne una para viSaprayoga kiyaa| viSamizrita anna-bhakSaNa ke kAraNa, unakI buddhi bekAra ho gii| taba padmapAda ne apane gurudeva ke pAsa jAkara vahIM rahane kA nizcaya kiyaa| usa samaya zaMkarAcAryajI kerala meM the| padmapAda ne vahAM pahuMca kara unheM sArA vRttAMta nivedana kiyaa| AcAryazrI ne apane ziSya kA sAMtvana kiyA aura usakI buddhi bhI use punaH prApta karA dii| taba padyapAda ne apanA TIkA-graMtha phira se likhaa| padmapAdAcArya ne zaMkarAcAryajI ke advaita mata kA prabhAvapUrNa pracAra karane kA mahAn kArya kiyaa| vedAnta ke samAna hI ve taMtrazAstra ke bhI prakAMDa paMDita the| unake dvArA likhe gae graMthoM meM, prastuta paMcapAdikA nAmaka TIkA-graMtha hI pramukha hai| zaMkarAcAryajI ke brahmasUtra-bhASya para likhI gaI, yaha pahalI hI TIkA hai| isameM catuHsUtrI kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa graMtha para Age calakara aneka mahattvapUrNa vivaraNagraMtha likhe ge| ___ isake atirikta vijJAnadIpikA, vivaraNaTIkA, paMcAkSarIbhASya, prapaMcasAra tathA AtmAnAtmaviveka jaise anya kucha graMtha bhI padmapAdAcArya ke nAma para hai| padmaprabha maladhArideva- vIranandi siddhAntacakravartI ke shissy| kAryakSetra tmilnaaddu| pazcimI cAlukyarAjA tribhuvanamalla somezvara deva ke smkaaliin| padmanaMdi-paMcaviMzatikA ke kartA padmanaMdi se maladhAri padmaprabhadeva bhinna rahe haiN| samaya I. 12 vIM shtii| racanAeM-niyamAnusAra-TIkA tathA paarshvnaath-stotr|| padmaprabhasari- jyotiSa zAstra ke eka aacaary| samaya I. 10 vIM shtaabdii| inhoMne "bhuvana-dIpaka" nAmaka jyotiSa-viSayaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai, jisa para siMhatilaka sUri ne vi.saM. 1362 meM "vivRtti" nAmaka TIkA likhI thii| inhoMne "munisuvrata-carita", kuMthucarita" va "pArzvanAtha-stavana" nAmaka 3 anya graMthoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| 364 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmazAstrI- I. 20 vIM shtii| siMgAlI grAma (jilA pithaurAgaDha, u. pra.) ke nivaasii| rAjakIya uccamAdhyamika vidyAlaya, bhIlavADA (rAjasthAna) meM variSTha sNskRt-adhyaapk| pitaa-shriibdriidtt| kRtiyAM- baMgalAdeza-vijaya, sinemAzataka, svarAjya, padya-paMcataMntra, lokatantra-vijaya, leninAmRta-mahAkAvya (u. pra. zAsana dvArA purskRt| soviyata-bhUmi neharU-puraskAra praapt)| hindI rcnaa-mhaaviircritaamRt| "mahAvIra-vizeSAMka' kA smpaadn| padmazrI (jJAna)- "nAgara-sarvasva' ke rcyitaa| bauddha bhikSu / inhoMne "kuTTanImatam" kA ullekha kiyA hai aura "zAGgaMdhara gaddhati" meM inakA ullekha hai| ataH inakA samaya 1000 I. ke lagabhaga mAnA gayA hai| padmasundara- samaya-1532-1573 ii.| Anandameru ke praziSya aura padmameru ke shissy| bhaTTArakIya paNDita-paramparA se jur3e hue| sAhU rAyamalla kI prernnaa| carasthAvara (mujaphpharanagara jile kA vartamAna carathAvala) kAryakSetra rhaa| racanAeMbhaviSyadattacarita (5 sarga), rAyamallAbhyudaya mahAkAvya (25 sarga), suMdara-prakAza-zabdArNava (koSa), zrRMgAra-darpaNa, hAyanasuMdara (jyotiSa), pramANasuMdara, jJAnacandrodaya (nATaka) aura pArzvanAtha kaavy| padmasuMdara, mugala samrATa akabara ke sabhA-paMDita the aura unheM jodhapura ke rAjA mAladeva ne sammAnita kiyA thaa| paramAnanda cakravartI- I. 15 vIM shtii| pitA-vrajacaMdra / rcnaa-shRNgaarsptshtii| kAvyaprakAza kI "vistArikA-TIkA" evaM naiSadha-kAvya kI TIkA ke krtaa| paramAnanda zarmA- janma 1870 I. meN| prAcIna mAravADa rAjya ke antargata pAlI nAmaka grAma ke nivaasii| zrImAlI dvivedI ke putra / inakI prasiddha kRtiyAM hai- 1. vidhavA-vilApaH (kavitA), 2. vijJaptiH (nibandha) aadi| paramAnanda zarmA kavIndra-I. 19-20 shtii| jayapura rAjyAntargata lakSmaNagaDha ke RSikula meM rahane vAle kavIndra ne, saMpUrNa rAmacaritra kAvya, pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara likhA hai| unake nAma- maMtharAdurvilasitam, dazarathavilApaH, mArIcavadham, meghanAdavadham aura raavnnvdhm| paramezvara jhA- yakSa-milana-kAvya (yA yakSa-samAgama), mahiSAsura-vadha (nATaka), vAtAhvAna (kAvya), kusuma-kalikA (AkhyAyikA) tathA Rtu-varNana kAvya ke rcyitaa| samaya, vi.saM. 1913 se 1981 tk| bihAra ke darabhaMgA jilA ke taruvanI (taronI) nAmaka grAma ke nivaasii| pitA-pUrNanAtha yA bAbUnAtha jhaa| jo vyAkaraNa ke acche paMDita the| paramezvara jhA svayaM baDe vidvAn the| vidvat-samAja ne unheM "vaiyAkaraNa-kesarI", karmakAMDodhdAraka" tathA "mahopadezaka" Adi upAdhiyAM pradAna kI thiiN| tatkAlIna sarakAra kI ora se bhI inheM mahAmahopAdhyAya kI upAdhi prApta huI thii| "yakSa-milana kAvya" meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke "meghadUta" ke uttarAkhyAna kA varNana hai| isa saMdeza-kAvya kA prakAzana vi.saM. 1962 meM darabhaMgA se ho cukA hai| parAkuza - I. 16 vA shtii| racanA - narasiMhastavaH / parAMkuza rAmAnuja - I. 18 vIM shtii| racanAeM - zrIprapatti, narasiMhamaMgalAzaMsana, kSIranadIstava, vihagezvarastava, devarAjastava, lakSmInarasiMhastava aura vaikuNThavijaya cmpuu| parAzara - vasiSTha RSi ke pautra, gotra pravartaka va graMthakAra / Rgveda ke prathama maMDala ke 65 se 73 taka ke sUkta parAzara ke nAma para haiN| ye sabhI sUkta agniviSayaka evaM kAvyamaya haiN| apane upameyoM ko aneka upamAnoM se vibhUSita karanA hai parAzarajI kI vizeSatA / isa dRSTi se nimna RcA ullekhanIya hai| puSTirna raNavA kSitirna pRthvI girina bhujma kSodo na zaMbhu / atyo nAjman tsargaprataktaH siMdhurna kSodaH ka I vraate| (R. 1.65.3.) artha - utkarSa ke samAna ramaNIya, pRthvI ke samAna vistIrNa, parvata ke samAna (phala puSpAdi) bhogya vastuoM se paripUrNa, udaka (jala) ke samAna hitakArI, tathA tIvra vega se nikalA azva maidAna meM jisa prakAra adhika gatimAna hotA hai, mahAnadI jisa prakAra apane donoM taToM ko bhagna karane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai, usI prakAra kI hai yaha agni / vastutaH ise kauna pratibaMdhita kara skegaa| pArAzarajI ko agni kA divyatva tathA mahanIyatva pratIta huA hai| kAtyAyana kI sarvAnukramaNI meM, parAzara ko vasiSTaputra zakti kA putra kahA gayA hai, kintu nirukta meM kI gaI vyutpatti ke AdhAra para unheM batAyA gayA hai vasiSTha kA putr| vahAM parAzara zabda kI "parAzIrNasya sthavirasya jajJe" atyaMta thake hue vRddha se inakA janma huA, aisI vyutpatti dI hai| parantu usa para se parAzara ko vasiSTha kA putra mAnanA samucita nahIM kyoM ki apane sabhI putroM kA nidhana ho jAne ke kAraNa, vasiSTha ko kevala inhIM kA AdhAra utpanna huA thA, aura usI para se yaha vyutpatti nirmANa huI hogii| tatsaMbaMdhI kathA isa prakAra hai : eka bAra vasiSTha hatAza sthiti meM apane Azrama ke bAhara nikle| taba unake putra zakti kI vidhavA patnI adRzyaMtI bhI cupake se unake pIche ho niklii| kucha samaya ke uparAnta vasiSTha ke kAnoM para veda dhvani Ane lgii| pIche muDa kara dekhane para unake dhyAna meM AyA kI vaha dhvani adRzyaMtI ke udara se A rahI hai| taba apane vaMza kA aMkura jIvita hai yaha jAnakara vasiSTha Azrama meM lautte| yaha vidita hone para ki apane pitA zakti ko rAkSasoM ne mAra DAlA hai, parAzara ne sabhI rAkSasoM kA saMhAra karane hetu rAkSasa satra AraMbha kiyaa| pariNAma svarUpa usameM niraparAdha saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 365 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAkSasa bhI mAre jAne lge| ataH pulastyAdi RSiyoM ne unheM usa satra se parAvRtta kiyaa| parAzara ne unakI bAte mAnate hue usa satra ko roka diyaa| taba RSi pulastya ne "tuma sakala zAstra pAraMgata tathA purANa vaktA banoge" aisA unheM varadAna kiyA (viSNu pu. 1.1) / rAkSasa satra hetu siddha kI gaI agni ko parAzara ne himAlaya ke uttara meM sthita eka araNya meM DAla diyaa| agni abhI taka parva ke dina rAkSasoM, pASANoM va vRkSoM kA bhakSaNa karatI hai aisA viSNu purANa (1.1) evaM liMga purANa (1.64) meM kahA gayA hai| eka bAra parAzarajI tIrtha yAtrA para the| yamunA ke taTa para satyavatI nAmaka eka dhIvarakanyA unheM dikhAI dii| ve usake rUpa va yauvana para lubdha ho utthe| usake zarIra se Ane vAlI matsya kI durgaMdhi kI ora dhyAna na dete hue jaba kAmAtura hokara ve usase bhoga kI yAcanA karane lage, taba vaha bolI "ApakI icchA pUrNa karane para merA kanyA bhAva dUSita hogaa"| taba parAzara ne satyavatI ko do varadAna diye| 1) terA kanyAbhAva naSTa nahIM hogA aura 2) tere zarIra kI matsya gaMdha naSTa hokara prApta hogI aura vaha eka yojana taka phailegii| ye varadAna diye jAne para satyavatI parAzarajI kI icchA pUrti hetu sahamata huii| taba parAzarajI ne bharI dopahara meM nAva para koharA nirmANa karate hue apane ekAMta ko logoM kI dRSTi se ojhala banAne kI vyavasthA kI aura phira satyavatI kA upabhoga liyaa| usa saMbaMdha se satyavatI ko vedavyAsa nAmaka putra huA (ma.bhA. 63, 105 bhAga pu. 1, 3) / parAzara se pravRtta hue parAzara gotra ke gauraparAzara, nIlaparAzara, kRSNaparAzara, zvetaparAzara, zyAmaparAzara va dhUmraparAzara nAmaka 6 bheda haiN| ___ parAzara ne rAjA janaka ko jisa tattvajJAna kA upadeza diyA thA, usI kA sArAMza Age calakara bhISma pitAmaha ne dharmarAja (yudhiSThira) ko btaayaa| use parAzaragItA kahate haiN| (mahA. zAMti. 291-299) / isake atirikta parAzarajI ke nAma para jo graMtha milate haiM unake nAma haiM- bRhatpArAzara, horAzAstra (12 hajAra zlokoM kA jyotiSa viSayaka graMtha), laghu pArAzarI, bRhatpArAzarIya dharmasaMhitA (3300 zloka, pArAzara dharmasaMhitA (smRti), parAzaroditaM vAstuzAstram (vizvakarmA ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai), pArAzara saMhitA (vaidyaka zAstra), parAzaropapurANa, parAzaroditaM nItizAstram evaM parAzaroditaM kevlsaarm| ye saba graMtha likhane vAle parAzara, sUktadraSTA parAzara se bhinna pratIta hote haiN| isI prakAra kRSisaMgraha, kRSiparAzara va parAzara taMtra nAmaka graMtha bhI parAzara ke nAma para haiM kintu ye parAzara kauna, isa bAre meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| kRSiparAzara nAmaka graMtha kI zailI para se yaha graMtha IsA kI 8 vIM zatAbdI ke pahale kA pratIta nahIM hotaa| kRSiparAzara nAmaka graMtha meM khetI para par3ane vAlA graha nakSatroM kA prabhAva, bAdala aura unakI jAtiyAM, varSA kA anumAna, khetI kI dekhabhAla, beloM kI surakSitatA, hala, bIja kI boAI, kaTAI va saMgraha, gobara kA khAda Adi se saMbaMdhita jAnakArI hai| isa graMtha para se anumAna kiyA jAtA sakatA hai ki usa kAla meM yahAM kI khetI atyadhika samRddha thii| parAzara Ayurveda ke eka kartA va cikitsaka the| agniveza, bhela aura parAzara samakAlIna the yaha bAta caraka saMhitA se vidita hotI hai (sUtra 1, 31) / parAzara taMtra meM kAyacikitsA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| parAzarajI ne hatyAyurveda nAmaka eka aura graMtha kI bhI racanA kI hai| hemAdri ne unake matoM para vicAra kiyA hai| parAzarajI kA yaha graMtha svataMtra thA athavA unakI jyotiSa saMhitA kA hI vaha eka bhAga thA, isa bAre meM matabheda hai| parAzara - phala jyotiSa ke prAcIna aacaary| inakI ekamAtra racanA "bRhatpArAzara-horA" hai| isI graMtha ke adhyayana ke uparAnta vidvAnoM ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai, ki parAzara varAhamihira ke pUrvavartI the| inakA samaya saMbhavataH 5 vIM zatI, aura nivAsakSetra pazcima bhArata rahA hogaa| inake nAma para aneka graMtha prApta hote haiM jaise "parAzara smRti" aadi| kauTilya ne inake nAma va mata kA cha: bAra ullekha kiyA hai para vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki smRtikAra parAzara, jyotirvid parAzara se bhinna haiN| kaliyuga meM parAzara ke graMtha ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| "kalau pArAzaraH smRtH"| paritoSa mizra - I. 13 vIM shtii| mImAMsA darzana ke eka maithila aacaary| kumArila bhaTTa ke taMtravArtika para, Apane ajitA nAmaka eka vyAkhyA likhI hai| isa vyAkhyA ke ajitA nAma para se Age calakara paritoSa mizra ko "ajitAcArya" ke nAma se pahacAnA jAne lgaa| isI vyAkhyA para mithilA ke hI nivAsI anaMta nArAyaNa mizra ne vijayA nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| parucchepa devodAsI - Rgveda ke prathama maMDala ke kramAMka 127 se 139 taka ke sUktoM ke drssttaa| ina sUktoM meM agni, indra, vAyu, mitrAvaruNa, pUSA va vizvadeva kI stuti hai| indra kI prArthanA karate hue ve kahate hai - tvaM indra rAyA parINasA yAhi pathA anehasA puro yAhyarakSasA sacasva naH parAka A sacasvAstamIka A pAhi no dUrAdArAdabhiSTibhiH sadA pAhyabhiSTibhiH / (R. 1, 129, 9) ___artha - he indra jo mArga vipula vaibhava kA va nirdoSa ho, usI mArga se hameM le clo| jisa mArga meM rAkSasa na hoM, usI mArga se hameM le calo, hama paradeza meM ho to bhI hamAre sAtha raho, aura hama apane ghara meM ho to bhI hamAre sAtha rho| hama pAsa ho yA dUra, Apa sadA hI apane kRpA chatra 366/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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se hamArI rakSA kiijie| parvate, raghunAthazAstrI - bhora nAmaka grAma ke nivaasii| ___ eka bAra maMtra sAmarthya ke bAre meM parucchepa va namedha ke racanA- zAMkara padabhUSaNam aura padabhUSaNam (gItA kI bIca spardhA lgii| taba nRmedha ne gIlI lakaDiyoM meM dhuMAM ttiikaa)| utpanna kiyaa| yaha dekha parucchepa ne binA lakaDI ke hI agni palasule, gajAnana bAlakRSNa (DaoN.) - janma sana prajjvalita kara dikhaaii| yaha ghaTanA taittirIya brAhmaNa meM aMkita 1921 meM sAtArA (mahArASTra) meM, sana 1948 meM puNe hai (2, 5, 8, 3) / se ema.e. kI parIkSA uttIrNa hone para saMskRta dhAtupAThoM parvaNIkara, sItArAma - I. 18 se 19 vIM shtii| sItArAma, para zodhaprabaMdha likhakara, sana 1957 meM Apane pIeca.DI. jayapura ke mahArAjA ke Azraya meM the| parvaNI nAmaka grAma, kI upAdhi prApta kii| Adhunika vaiyAkaraNo meM Apa jisa para se ukta upanAma pracalita huA, mahArASTra meM nAsika sammAnita haiN| bhAMDArakara prAcyavidyA maMdira meM Apane saMzodhana ke pAsa hai| sarvaprathama sItArAmajI ke pUrvaja mAdhavabhaTTa jayapura ge| evaM adhyApana kA kArya kiyaa| sana 1981 meM puNe vidyApITha __ saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsakAroM ko abhI abhI taka itanA se prAdhyApaka pada se sevAnivRtta hone ke bAda Apa bhAMDArakara hI jJAta thA ki sItArAmajI ne kumArasaMbhava ke 8 se 17 sagoM prAcyavidyA maMdira meM nidezaka hue| saMskRta bhASA kA taulanika para eka bhASya likhA hai; kintu jayapurasthita unake gharAne meM, aura aitihAsika paricaya karAnevAle "siksTI upaniSadAja oNpha taduparAMta unakA vipula sAhitya upalabdha huA hai| sItArAmajI dI vedAj" nAmaka DAyasanakRta jarmana graMtha kA anuvAda aura kA "jayavaMza" nAmaka eka mahAkAvya, rAjasthAna vi.vi. ne sau se adhika zodhanibaMdhoM ke atirikta, DA. palasule ne prakAzita kiyA hai| isameM jayapura ke rAjavaMza aura usake saMskRta meM, "samAnamastu vo manaH" (bhArata zAsana dvArA puraskAra kAryoM ke atirikta pramukha darzanIya sthAnoM kA bhI varNana hai| prApta nATaka), vinAyaka-vIragAthA (vIra sAvarakara kA caritra), isake atirikta, Apa nimna graMtha saMpadA ke dhanI haiN| vivekAnaMdacaritam, nAmaka maulika racanAeM, agnijAH aura kamalA kAvya- rAghavacarita, nalavilAsa (laghukAvya) va nRpvilaas| (vIra sAvarakara ke marAThI kAvyagraMthoM ke anuvAda, "athA'to vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye sabhI kAvya graMtha saTIka haiN| jJAnadovo'bhUta" "dhanyeyaM gAyanI kalA", kheTagrAmasya cakrodbhavaH, __ aSTaka (10)= zivASTaka, sUryASTaka, bhairavASTaka, devyaSTaka, bhrAtRkalahaH nAmaka marAThI nATakoM ke saMskRta anuvAda bhI likhe heraMbASTaka, gaMgASTaka, viSNUvaSTaka aura hnumdssttk| zeSa do, haiN| puNe meM "bhAratavANI" nAmaka saMskRta patrikA bhI Apane abhI taka upalabdha nahIM ho sake haiN| zurU kI thI, jo alpa avakAza meM baMda huii| anya graMtha sAhityasAra, sAhityasudhA, kAvyaprakAza-TIkA, pAMDuraMga - I. 19 vIM shtii| racanA - vijypurkthaa| isameM kumArasaMbhava-vyAkhyA, chaMdaHprakAza, alaMkAra zAstra para tIna graMtha, vijayapura ke yavana bAdazAhoM kA caritra varNita hai| gaNita viSaya para eka grNth| (jo abhI taka upalabdha nahIM pAMDe, rAjamala - I. 16 vIM shtii| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza ho sakA hai) aura sattAIsa nakSatra maalaa| va hindI ina cAra bhASAoM meM Apane graMtha likhe haiN| una graMthoM parvata kANva - Apa kANva kula ke the| Rgveda ke ke nAma haiM- lATI saMhitA, jaMbusvAmIcaritra, adhyAtma-kamalamArtaMDa, 8 veM maMDala kA 12 vAM sUkta Apake nAma para hai| 9 veM ____ paMcAdhyAyI aadi| kuMdakuMdAcArya ke samayasAracaritra, adhyAtma maMDala ke kramAMka 104 va 105 vAle sUkta haiM "parvata-nAradau" kamalamArtaMDa, paMcAdhyAyI Adi, saMskRta graMthoM para Apane TIkAeM isa sammilita nAma pr| kintu kahA jAtA hai ki ina do bhI likhI hai| hindI jaina gadya meM yahI sarvAdhika prAcIna TIkA sUktoM ke bhI draSTA, parvata kANva hI the| indra kI stuti karate hai| isake atirikta saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza va hindI ina hue Apa kahate haiM - cAroM hI bhASAoM meM rAjamala pAMDe dvArA likhe gae vaiziSTyapUrNa na yaM vivikto rodasI nAntarikSANi vjrinnm| graMtha prasiddha hai| amAdidasya titviSe smojsH|| (R. 8, 12, 24) pATaNakara, parazurAma nArAyaNa - I. 20 vIM shtii| artha - AkAza va pRthvI ye donoM loka bhI indra ratnAgiri meM janma / pitA - nArAyaNa zarmA / dAdA-mAdhava zarmA / kA Akalana nahIM kara sakate, aura aMtarikSa to kadApi prapitAmaha- nrhribhtttt| aparAnta vidyApITha se bI.e. tathA prayAga nhiiN| isake viparita inhIM kI (indra kI) ojasvitA vidyApITha se ema.e. kI upAdhi praapt| Dekkana kAleja, puNe ke kAraNa sabhI (vizva) ujjvala hotA hai| meM DA. rAmakRSNa gopAla bhANDArakara ke shissy| aneka dezoM isa sUkta meM indra aura viSNu ke aikAtmarUpa kI meM adhyApana kaary| san 1905 meM "vIradharmadarpaNa" nAmaka kalpanA kI gaI hai| isase vidita hotA hai ki Rgveda nATaka kI rcnaa| ke kAla meM hI viSNu eka svataMtra devatA ke rUpa meM pAThaka, ratnAkara - kharataragaccha ke candravardhanagaNI ke praziSya pratiSThA prApta karane lage the| aura meghanandana ke shissy| samaya I. 16 vIM shtii| graMtha saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 367 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zAntisUri dvArA likhita "jIvaviyAra" para saMskRta vRtti (vi.saM. vidvAna inheM kauzAMbI yA prayAga kA nivAsI mAnane ke pakSa meM 1610) salekazAha ke rAjya meN| isa para meghanandana (vi.saM. haiM, kintu adhikAMza mata zAlAtura ke hI poSaka haiN| pANini 1610) samayasundara (vi.saM. 1698), IzvarAcArya tathA kSamAkalyANa ke guru kA nAma thA vrss| varSa ke bhAI kA nAma upavarSa / (vi.saM. 1850) ne bhI saMskRta meM vRttiyAM likhI haiN| 2) pANini ke bhAI kA nAma piMgala va unake ziSya kA nAma racanAvicAra para vRtti| kautsa milatA hai| "skaMda purANa" ke anusAra pANini ne go pAThaka, vAsudeva - I. 20 vIM shtii| ema.e., sAhityAcArya / parvata para tapasyA kI thI jisase unheM vaiyAkaraNoM meM mahatva bI.DI. kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda ke praacaary| "sAmmanasya' traimAsika prApta huaa| patrikA ke smpaadk| kRtiyAM- prabuddha, ArAdhanA, sAmmanasya "goparvatamiti sthAnaM zaMbhoH prakhyApitaM puraa| Adi laghu naattk| yatra pANininA lebhe vaiyAkaraNikAgratA / / " pAThaka, zrIdharazAstrI (ma.ma.) - dhuliyA (mahArASTra) nivAsI / arUNAcala mahAtmya, uttarArdha 2-28) / inake dharmazAstra ke vyAkhyAna (pustakabaddha) nAgapura vi.vi. meM pANini kI mRtyu - "paMcataMtra" ke eka zloka ke anusAra mImAMsA tathA dharmazAstra kI zAstrI parIkSA ke liye pAThya pANini siMha dvArA mAre gae the (paMcataMtra, mitrasaMprApti zloka pustaka ke rUpa meM nirdhArita the| anta meM saMnyAsI hokara Apa 36) / eka kiMvadaMtI ke anusAra inakI mRtyu trayodazI ko gaMgAtaTa para nivAsa karane cale ge| AcArya vinobAjI bhAve huI thii| ataH abhI bhI vaiyAkaraNa ukta divasa ko anadhyAya ke gItA-pravacana nAmaka graMtha kA saMskRta anuvAda Apane hI karate haiN| kiyA hai| anya racanA - assttaadhyaayiishbdaanukrmnnikaa| pANini ke graMtha - "mahAbhASya-pradIpikA" se jJAta hotA hai, pANini (bhagavAn) - "aSTAdhyAyI' nAmaka advitIya vyAkaraNa / ki pANini ne "aSTAdhyAyI" ke atirikta "dhAtupATha", gaNapATha, graMtha ke prnnetaa| pAzcAtya va Adhunika bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke uNAdisUtra va liMgAnuzAsana kI racanA kI hai| kahA jAtA hai anusAra, inakA samaya I. pU. 7 vIM zatI hai, kintu paM. yudhiSThira ki pANini ne "aSTAdhyAyI" ke sUtrArtha parijJAna ke liye vRtti mImAMsaka ke anusAra ye vi.pU. 2900 varSa meM hue the| inakA likhI thI, kintu vaha anupalabdha hai, para usakA ullekha vRtta, adyAvadhi ajJAta hai| prAcIna graMthoM meM inake kaI "mahAbhASya" va "kAzikA" meM hai| nAma milate haiM yathA pANina, pANi, dAkSIputra, zAlaki, zikSAsUtra- pANini ne zabdoccAraNa ke jJAna ke liye "zikSAsUtra" zAlAturIya va aahik| ina nAmoM ke atirikta pANineya va kI racanA kI thI jisake aneka sUtra vibhinna vyAkaraNa graMthoM pANiputra ye nAma bhI inake liye prayukta kiye gaye haiN| puruSottama meM prApta hote haiN| pANini ke mUla "zikSA sUtra" kA uddhAra deva kRta "trikAMDa zeSa" nAmaka graMtha meM sabhI nAma ullikhita haiN| svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI ne kiyA tathA usakA prakAzana "varNoccAraNa kAtyAyana va pataMjali ne pANini nAma kA hI prayoga kiyA zikSA" ke nAma se saM. 1936 meM kiyA thaa| hai| pANina nAma kA ullekha "kAzikA" va "cAMdravRtti" meM pANini kA kavitva - vaiyAkaraNa kI pracalita daMtakathA ke prApta hotA hai| dAkSIputra nAma kA ullekha "mahAbhASya", anusAra pANini ne "jAmbavatIvijaya" yA "pAtAlavijaya" samudragupta kRta "kRSNacarita" va zlokAtmaka "pANinIya-zikSA' nAmaka eka mahAkAvya kA bhI praNayana kiyA thaa| usake katipaya meM hai| zAlAturIya nAma kA nirdeza bhAmahakRta "kAvyAlaMkAra", zloka lagabhaga 26 graMthoM meM milate haiN| rAjazekhara, kSemeMdra va "kAzikA vivaraNa paMjikA", "nyAsa" tathA "guNaratna mahodadhi' zaraNadeva ne bhI isa mahAkAvya kA ullekha karate hue usakA meM prApta hotA hai| praNetA pANini ko hI mAnA hai| pANini dvArA praNIta eka aura vaMza va sthAna - paM. zivadatta zarmA ne "mahAbhASya" kI kAvya graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| usakA nAma hai "paarvtiiprinny'| bhUmikA meM pANini ke pitA kA nAma zalaGka va unakA pitR rAjazekhara ne vaiyAkaraNa pANini ko kavi pANini (jAMbavatI vyapadezaka nAma "zAlAki" svIkAra kiyA hai| zAlAtura vijaya ke praNetA) se abhinna mAnA hai| kSemeMdra ne apane "suvRtta aTaka ke nikaTa eka grAma thA, jo lAhura kahalAtA thaa| tilaka" nAmaka graMtha meM sabhI kaviyoM ke chaMdoM kI prazaMsA pANini ko vahIM kA rahanevAlA batAyA jAtA hai| vebara ke karate hue pANini ke "jAti" chaMda kI bhI prazaMsA kI hai| anusAra pANini udIcya deza ke nivAsI the, kyoM ki zAlaMkiyoM katipaya pAzcAtya va bhAratIya vidvAna, (jaise pITarsana va bhAMDArakara) kA saMbaMdha vAhIka deza se thaa| zyU AG cuAG ke anusAra kahate haiM ki kavi evaM vaiyAkaraNa pANini aise sarasa va alaMkRta pANini gAMdhAra deza ke nivAsI the| inakA nivAsa sthAna zlokoM kI racanA nahIM kara skte| sAtha hI isa graMtha ke zAlAtura, gAMdhAra deza (aphaganistAna) meM hI sthita thA, jisake zlokoM meM bahuta se aise prayoga haiM jo pANinIya vyAkaraNa se kAraNa pANini zAlAturIya kahalAte the| inakI mAtA kA nAma siddha nahIM hote, arthAta ve apANinIya yA azuddha haiM para rudraTa dAkSI hone ke kAraNa inheM "dAkSIputra" kahA jAtA thaa| kucha kRta "kAvyAlaMkAra" ke TIkAkAra namisAdhu ke kathana se, yaha 368 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza- graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAta nirmUla siddha ho jAtI hai|| unake anusAra pANini kRta "pAtAlavijaya" mahAkAvya meM "saMdhyA vadhUM gRhya kareNa bhAnuH" meM "gRhya" zabda pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke mata se azuddha hai| unakA kahanA hai ki mahAkavi bhI apazabdoM kA prayoga karate haiM aura usI ke udAharaNa meM pANini ne yaha zloka prastuta kiyA hai| DA. AphreTa va DA. pizela ne pANini ko na kevala zuSka vaiyAkaraNa api tu sukumAra hRdaya kavi bhI mAnA hai| ataH pANini ke kavi hone meM saMdeha kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| "zrIdharadAsakRta saduktikarNAmRta' (saM. 1200) meM subaMdhu, raghukAra (kAlidAsa) harizcaMdra, zUra, bhAravi va bhavabhUti jaise kaviyoM ke sAtha dAkSIputra kA bhI nAma AyA hai jo pANini kA hI paryAya hai - "subaMdhau bhaktirnaHka iha raghukAre na ramate dhRtirdAkSIputre harati harizcaMdro'pi hRdym| vizuddhoktiH zUraH prakRtimadhurA bhAravigiraH tathApyaMtarmodaM kamapi bhvbhuutirvitnute"| mahArAja samudragupta racita "kRSNacarita" nAmaka kAvya meM batAyA gayA hai ki vararuci ne pANini ke vyAkaraNa va kAvya donoM kA hI anukaraNa kiyA thaa| __"jAMbavatI-vijaya" meM zrIkRSNa dvArA pAtAla meM jAkara jAMbavatI se vivAha va usake pitA para vijaya prApta karane kI kathA hai| durghaTavRttikAra zaraNadeva ne "jAMbavatI-vijaya" ke 18 veM sarga kA uddharaNa apane graMtha meM diyA hai| usase vidita hotA hai ki usameM kama se kama 18 sarga avazya hoNge| pANini kA samaya - DA. pITarsana ke anusAra aSTAdhyAyIkAra pANini evaM vallabhadeva kI "subhASitAvalI" ke kavi pANini eka haiM aura unakA samaya IsavI sana kA prAraMbhika bhAga hai| vebara va maiksamUlara ne vaiyAkaraNa va kavi pANini ko eka mAnate hue, unakA samaya IsA pUrva 500 varSa mAnA hai| DA. oTo bothaliMka ne "kathAsAritsAgara" ke AdhAra para pANini kA samaya 350 I.pU. nizcita kiyA hai, para golDasTakara va DA. rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara ke anusAra inakA samaya 700 I.pU. hai| DA, belavalakara ne inakA samaya 700 se 600 I. nirdhArita kiyA hai aura DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla inakA samaya 500 I.pU. mAnate haiN| ina sabhI ke viparIta paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka kA kahanA hai, ki pANini kA AvirbhAva vi.pU. 2900 varSa huA thaa| maiksamUlara ne apane kAlanirNaya kA AdhAra, "aSTAdhyAyI' (5,1,18) meM ullikhita sUtrakAra zabda ko mAnA hai, jo isa tathya kA dyotaka hai ki pANini ke pUrva hI sUtra graMthoM kI racanA ho cukI thii| maiksamUlara ne sUtrakAla ko 600 I.pUrva se 200 I.pU. taka mAnA hai, kintu unakA kAla vibhAjana vidvAnmAnya nahIM hai| ve pANini va kAtyAyana ko samakAlIna mAna kara, pANini kA kAla 350 I.pU. svIkAra karate haiM, kyoM ki kAtyayana kA bhI samaya yahI hai| golDasTUkara ne batAyA ki pANini kevala Rgveda, sAmaveda va yajurveda se hI paricita the para atharvaveda va darzana graMthoM se ve aparicita the kintu DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne isa mata kA khaMDana kara diyA haiM / pANini ko vaidika sAhitya ke kitane aMza, kA paricaya thA,isa viSaya meM vistRta adhyayana ke AdhAra para thIme kA niSkarSa hai ki Rgveda, maitrAyaNI saMhitA, kAThaka saMhitA, taittirIya saMhitA, atharvaveda, saMbhavataH sAmaveda, Rgveda ke pada pATha aura paippalAda zAkhA kA bhI pANini ko paricaya thaa| arthAt yaha saba sAhitya unase pUrva yuga meM nirmita ho cukA thaa| golDaskUTara ne yaha mAnA thA ki pANini ko upaniSad sAhitya kA paricaya nahIM thA, ataH unakA samaya upaniSadoM kI racanA ke pUrva honA cAhiye yaha kathana nirAdhAra hai, kyoMki sUtra 1-4-79 meM pANini ne upaniSad zabda kA prayoga aise artha meM kiyA hai, jisake vikAsa ke liye upaniSad yuga ke bAda bhI kaI zatIyoM kA samaya apekSita thaa| kItha ne isI sUtra ke AdhAra para pANini ko upaniSadoM ke paricaya kI bAta prAmANika mAnI thii| tathya to yaha hai ki pANinikAlIna sAhitya kI pAridhi vaidika graMthoM se kahI Age bar3ha cukI thii| adyAvadhi zodha ke AdhAra para pANini kA samaya I.pU. 700 varSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| pANinikRta "aSTAdhyAyI" bhAratIya jana jIvana va tatkAlIna sAMskRtika pariveza ko samajhane ke liye svaccha darpaNa hai| isameM anekAneka aise zabdoM kA suguMphana hai, jinameM usa yuga ke sAMskRtika jIvana ke citra kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| tatkAlIna bhUgola, sAmAjika jIvana, Arthika avasthA, zikSA va vidyA saMbaMdhI jIvana, rAjanaitika va dhArmika jIvana, dArzanika ciMtana, rahana sahana, veza bhUSA va khAna pAna kA samyak citra "aSTAdhyAyI" meM surakSita hai| kiMvadaMtiyAM - I. 7 vIM zatAbdI meM bhArata bhramaNa karate hue cInI yAtrI yuAna cvAMga zalAtura bhI gayA thaa| taba unheM pANini se saMbaMdhita aneka daMtakathAeM sunane ko miliiN| unake kathanAnusAra vahAM para pANini kI eka pratimA bhI sthApita kI huI thii| vaha pratimA saMprati lAhora ke saMgrahAlaya meM hai kintu dIkSita use buddha kI pratimA mAnate haiN| pANini ke jIvana caritra kI dRSTi se kiMvadaMtiyoM tathA AkhyAyikoM para hI nirbhara rahanA paDatA hai| kathAsaritsAgara meM eka kiMvadaMtI isa prakAra hai : varSa nAmaka eka AcArya pANini ke guru the| unake pAsa pANini aura kAtyAyana paDhA karate the| ina donoM meM kAtyAyana kuzAgra buddhi ke the jaba ki pANini maMdabuddhi ke| kAtyAyana sabhI viSayoM meM pANini se Age rahA krte| yaha sthiti pANini ko asahya ho utthii| ataH gurugRha kA tyAga kara ve himAlaya gye| vahAM para zivajI kA prasAda prApta karane hetu unhoMne ghora tapasyA kI / zivajI ne prasanna hokara unheM saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 360 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pratibhAzAlI buddhi pradAna kii| pANini ke sammukha nRtya karane hue zivajI ne apanA DamarU 14 bAra bjaayaa| DamarU se jo dhvani nikale unakA anukaraNa karate hue pANini ne aiuNa, Rluk, eoG Adi 14 pratyAhAra sUtra banAe (kathAsaritsAgara 1.4) / pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI, ina 14 zivasUtroM para hI AdhArita hai| zalAtura gAMva meM yuAna cvAMga ko pANini ke bAre meM jo AkhyAyikAeM vidvAnoM se sunane ko milI unakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai - ati prAcIna kAla meM sAhitya kA vistAra atyadhika thaa| kAlakrama se usakA hAsa hotA gayA aura eka dina sabhI kucha zUnya ho gyaa| usa samaya jJAna kI rakSA hetu devatAoM ne pRthvI para avatAra liyaa| unhoMne phira vyAkaraNa va sAhitya kI nirmiti kii| Age cala kara vyAkaraNa kA vistAra hone lgaa| use atyadhika vRddhiMgata huA dekha brahmadeva va indra ne logoM kI AvazyakatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue, vyAkaraNa ke kucha niyama banAe aura zabdoM ke rUpoM ko sthira kiyaa| Age cala kara vibhinna RSiyoM ne apane apane matAnusAra alaga alaga vyAkaraNoM kI racanA kii| unake ziSya va praziSya una vyAkaraNoM kA adhyayana karane lage kintu unameM jo maMdabuddhi ke the unheM una saba kA yathAvat Akalana na ho pAtA thaa| usI kAla meM pANini kA janma huaa| adhyayana yAtrA - pANini kI grahaNa zakti janmataH hI tIvra thii| unhoMne dekhA ki mAnava kI AyumaryAdA tathA vyAkaraNa ke vistAra kA Apasa meM mela baiThanA saMbhava nhiiN| ataH pANini ne vyAkaraNa meM sudhAra karane tathA niyamoM ke nirdhAraNa dvArA azuddha zabda prayogoM ko ThIka karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| vyAkaraNa viSayaka sAmagrI ke saMgraha hetu ve turaMta yAtrA para cala pdde| isa yAtrA meM unakI bheTa huI Izvaradeva nAmaka eka prakAMDa paMDita se| pANini ne Izvaradeva ke sammukha apane navIna vyAkaraNa kI yojanA prastuta kii| Izvaradeva kA mArgadarzana prApta kara pANini ekAMta sthAna meM phuNce| vahAM baiTha kara unhoMne ATha adhyAyoM ke eka naye vyAkaraNa kI nirmiti kii| phira unhoMne apanA vaha vyAkaraNa graMtha pATaliputra sthita samrAT naMda ke pAsa bhijvaayaa| samrATa ne usa graMtha ko upayukta va sArabhUta ghoSita kiyaa| taba samrATa ne eka AjJApatra prasArita karate hue Adeza diyA ki vaha graMtha unake sAmrAjya meM paDhAyA jaaye| magadha samrAT naMda pANini ke mitra bana gae the| mahatI sUkSma dRSTi- pANini isa dRSTi se narmadA ke uttara ke prAyaH saMpUrNa bhU-bhAga meM ghUme the| vividha prakAra ke padArthoM ke bAre meM pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI meM niyama aura ullekha milate haiN| isa para se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bhASA-viSayaka sAmagrI juTAne hetu, pANini ne vibhinna pradezoM kI kitanI vyApaka yAtrA kI thii| pANini ne udIcyAma, prAcyAm ke nidezoM ke sAtha apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki kisa pradeza ke loga kisI zabda vizeSa kA hasva-dIrgha Adi kI dRSTi se kisa prakAra uccAraNa kiyA karate hai| inhIM bAtoM se prabhAvita hokara kAzikAkAra ke gauravodgAra vyakta hue- "aho mahatI sUkSmekSikA vartate sUtrakArasya" (pANini kI yaha kitanI mahAn sUkSmadRSTi hai) pANini ne apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM janapada, grAma, nagara, saMgha gotra, caraNa Adi kI sudIrgha sUci bhI dI hai| gotroM ke lagabhaga eka hajAra nAma pANinIya gaNoM ne saMgrahita kiye hue haiN| aSTAdhyAyI meM 500 grAmoM va nagaroM kI pUrI sUcI milatI hai| sAtha hI tatkAlIna rIti-rivAja kalA-kauzala, deva-dharma, upAsanA kI paddhatiyAM, logoM kI rahana-sahana, zikSA-dIkSA, jIvana-vyavayasAya Adi aneka bAtoM kI bhI jAnakArI pANini ke isa vyAkaraNa-graMtha se upalabdha hotI hai| vedatrayI, vedoM kI vibhinna zAkhAeM, vedAMga, brAhmaNa, mahAbhArata, kathAgAthAtmaka sAhitya, zrautasUtra va dharmasUtra, upaniSad tathA dRSTa va prokta ke antargata Ane vAlA adhikAMza vAGmaya pANini ko jJAta thA, aisA dikhAI detA hai| apane isa sarvagrAhI svarUpa ke kAraNa pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI, prAtizAkhyoM ke samAna saMbaMdhita veda-vizeSa taka hI sImita nahIM rhii| usane apanA saMbaMdha sabhI vedoM se sthApita kiyaa| sAmaveda ke RktaMtra nAmaka prAtizAkhya ke aneka sUtra pANini ke sUtroM se milate-julate pratIta hote haiN| una donoM kI tulanA karate hue DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kahate haiM- pANini ne apane pahale ke sUtroM ko bhASA, artha evaM vista hI dRSTiyoM se pallavita kiyaa| pANini ne kisakA aura kitanA RNa liyA yaha nirdhArita karane kI dRSTi se nizcita sAdhana upalabdha nahIM phira bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki viSaya-pratipAdana kI dRSTi se aSTAdhyAyI apane-Apa meM paripUrNa hai| vedoM se lekara samasta saMskRta vAGmaya kA adhyayana usake kAraNa sulabha hotA hai| bhaTTojI dIkSita ne aSTAdhyAyI para AdhArita "siddhAMta kaumudI' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| usameM vaidikI prakriyA va svara-prakriyA nAmaka do prakaraNa haiN| vaidikI prakriyA meM batAyA gayA hai ki pANini ke vyAkaraNa-viSayaka niyama kisa prakAra samasta vaidika vAGmaya ko lAgU paDate haiM aura svara-prakriyA me vaidika bhASA ke uccAra kisa prakAra kiye jAyeM isakA vivecana hai| apane vyAkaraNa-viSayaka sUtroM kI racanA karate samaya pANini ne saMpUrNa vaidika graMtha-bhAMDAra va upaniSadoM kA AloDana kiyA thA aisA pratIta hotA hai| ___ pANini vyAkaraNa kI sarvakaSa vizeSatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zikSA-graMthoM meM nimna zloka aMkita kiyA gayA hai yena dhautA giraH puMsAM vimalaiH zabdavAribhiH / tamazcAjJAnajaM bhinnaM tasmai pANinaye namaH / / 370/ saMskRta vAkAya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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artha- jinhoMne nimarla zabda-jala se mAnavoM kI vANiyoM ko dhokara svaccha kiyA aura ajJAnajanya aMdhakAra ko dUra kiyA, una pANini ko namaskAra / pAtrakesarI kulIna brAhmaNa ahicchatra (pAMcAla kI rAjadhAnI ) nivAsI imila saMgha ke AcArya anantavIrya, zAntarakSita Adi AcAryoM ne unakA nAmollekha kiyA hai| samaya-I. kI chaThI zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura sAtavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha / rAjya kA mahAmAtyapada choDa kara trilakSaNakadarthana meM bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSAdvyAvRttirUpa hetu ke trairUpya kA khaNDana kara anyathAnupapannatva rUpa hetu kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha " stotra" bhI samantabhadra ke stotroM ke samAna nyAyazAstra kA graMtha hai| pAtrakesarI ko naiyAyika kavi kahA jA sakatA hai| pAdhye, kAzInAtha anaMta- san 1790-1806 | dharmazAstra ke nibaMdhakAra / pitA - anaMta pAdhye va mAtA annapUrNA / mUla grAma ratnAgiri jile kA golavalI kintu pAMDuraMga ke bhakta hone ke kAraNa paMDharapura jA base aura jIvana ke aMta taka vahIM para rhe| inhe bAbA pAdhye bhI kahA jAtA thA / Apane dharmasiMdhu nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI / dhArmika vyavahAra ke liye Avazyaka dharmazAstrIya viSayoM kA vicAra Apane isa graMtha meM uttama rIti se kiyA hai| kAzInAtha upAkhya bAbA pAdhye paMDharapura meM eka saMskRta pAThazAlA bhI calAte the| tadartha pezavA kI ora se unheM 1,200 ru. vArSika mAnadhana diyA jAtA thaa| bAbA ne paMDharapura ke viThobA kI pUjA ke upacAroM meM vRddhi kI / svaracita saMskRta stavana- gIta (AratiyAM), viThobA kI AratI ke prasaMga para (vyaktizaH athavA sAmUhika paddhati se) gAne kI prathA bhI pAdhye bAbA ne prAraMbha kii| apanI vidvattA tathA apane sadAcaraNa ke kAraNa bAbA ke prati paMDharapura meM bar3A zraddhAbhAva nirmANa ho cukA thaa| ataH bar3e-se-bar3e pratiSThAprApta mahAnubhAva evaM rAjA-mahArAjA bhI pAMDuraMga (viThobA ) ke darzana karane ke pazcAt bAbA ke darzana hetu avazya jAyA karate the| apane dehAvasAna ke kucha samaya pUrva, pAdhye bAbA ne saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA thA / 'bAbAvAkyaM pramANam'- yaha kahAvata isI bAbA pAdhye ke kAraNa cAlU huii| pAyaguMDe, vaidyanAtha- I. 18 vIM zatI / pitA - rAmabhaTTa / putra bAlaMbhaTTa guru-nAgojI bhaTTa patnI lakSmI cAturmAsyaprayoga, vedAntakalpataru - maMjarI, prabhA (zAstra- dIpikA kI vyAkhyA) Adi racanAeM pramukha haiN| mahAbhASya- pradIpodyota ke vyAkhyAkAra / pAyu bhAradvAja Rgveda ke 6 veM maMDala kA 75 vAM aura 10 veM maMDala kA 87 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| prathama sUkta meM pAyu bhAradvAja ne dhanuSya, bANa, tUNIra (tarakaza ), kavaca (jiraha-bastara), bhujabaMdha, ratha, sArathI evaM vIra yoddhAoM ke Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bAre meM gauravapUrvaka va AtmIyatA se likhA hai| isa sUkta para se pratIta hotA hai ki sUkta-draSTA kA yA to pratyakSa yuddhakSetra se saMbaMdha AyA hogA, athavA unhoMne yuddhoM kA ati nikaTa sUkSma nirIkSaNa kiyA hogaa| sUktakAra kA dhanuSya para aTUTa vizvAsa hai / " dhanuSa kI sahAyatA se hama vizva para vijaya prApta kareMge" aisA ve AtmavizvAsapUrvaka kahate hai| dUsarA sUkta rakSohAgni sUkta ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa sUkta meM sUktakAra ne muradeva, yAtudhAna, kravyAda va kimIdina nAmaka rAkSasoM kA vadha karane kI agni se prArthanA kI hai| jaba abhyAvartI cAyamAna aura prastoka sAMjaya kA varazikhoM ne yuddha meM parAbhava kiyA taba pitA bharadvAja ne pAyu ko unake liye yajJa karane ko kahA thaa| pArthasArathI vaiyAkaraNapaMcAnana lugviDa grAmavAsI jamIMdAra veMkaTAdri appArAva ke Azrita racanAeM madanAnandabhANaH, ArtistavaH aura svApapratyayaH (yaha do stotrakAvya) / pArthasArathi mizra (mImAMsAkesarI) mImAMsAdarzana ke aMtargata bhATTa-mata ke eka aacaary| pitA yajJAtmA / samaya- I. 12 vIM zatI / mithilA ke nivaasii| inhoMne apanI racanAoM dvAra bhaTTa paraMparA ko adhika mahattva va sthAyitva pradAna kiyA mImAMsA - darzana para inakI vidvanmAnya 4 kRtiyAM upalabdha hota haiM- taMtraratna, nyAya- ratnAkara, nyAya- ratnamAlA va zAstra- dIpika (pUrva miimaaNsaa)| "taMtraratna", prasiddha mImAMsaka kumArila bhaT racita "TupTIkA" nAmaka graMtha kI TIkA hai| "nyAya - ratnAkara bhI kumArila bhaTTa kI racanA " zlokavArttika" kI TIkA hai "nyAya -ratnamAlA" inakI maulika kRti hai jisa para rAmAnujAcA ne (17 vIM zatI) "nANakaratna" nAmaka vyAkhyA- graMtha kI raca kI hai| "zAstra - dIpikA " bhI prauDha kRti hai / isI graMtha kAraNa inheM "mImAMsA - kesarI" kI upAdhi prApta huI "zAstra - dIpikA " para 14 TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| somanAtha appaya dIkSita kI kramazaH "mayUkha-mAlikA" va mayUkhAvalaM nAmaka TIkAeM prasiddha haiM / apane graMthoM dvArA pArthasArathi mizra ne bauddha tattvajJAna nAstikavAda, vijJAnavAda va zUnyavAda kA sapramANa khaMDana ka hue vedAnta zAstra ke vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa kiyA unakI TIkA kI zailI vyaMgapUrNa hai| unhoMne aneka navIna prasthApita kiye haiN| mImAMsA darzana ke itihAsa meM inakA sTa advitIya mAnA jAtA hai| inake pitA yajJAtmA, tatkAlIna vidvA meM eka dArzanika ke nAte suprasiddha the pArthasArathi ne apa pitA ke hI pAsa samasta zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| pArithI kRSNa kavi- I. 19 vIM zatI / racanAeM mInAkSIzataka mAlinIzataka, hanumatUzataka, lakSmInRsiMhazataka, kaumudIsoma (nATaka), kali-vilAsa-maNi-darpaNaH (kAvya) aura rAmAyA ke eka bhAga para rasanisyandinI nAmaka TIkA / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 37 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAlyakIrti- apara nAma shaakttaayn| prAcIna Arya zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke racayitA the| ye arvAcIna jaina zAkaTAyana haiN| inhoMne bhI vyAkaraNa racanA kI hai| yApanIya saMpradAya ke prabhAvI lekhk| samaya vi.saM. 871-9241 anya racanAeM-strImukti, kevlbhukti| Apane nijI zabdAnuzAsana se saMbaMdhita dhAtupATha para dhAtuvitaraNa nAmaka pravacana kiyA hai| zAkaTAyana kA dhAtupATha pANini ke udIcya pATha se adhika milatA hai| pArzvadeva- (saMgItakAra)- mahAdevArya ke ziSya aura abhayacaMdra ke prshissy| zrIkAnta jAti ke Adideva evaM gaurI ke putra / daakssinnaaty| inake saMgItasamayasAra graMtha meM bhoja, somezvara, paramArdina Adi kA ullekha hone se tathA siMgabhUpAla dvArA graMtha ullikhita hone se inakA samaya I. 12-13 vIM zatI hogaa| "saMgItaratnAkara" se prabhAvita yaha graMtha 9 adhikaraNoM meM vibhAjita hai| isa graMtha meM saMgIta se adhyAtma kA saMbaMdha joDA gayA hai| pArzvadeva ke anusAra saMgIta se mukti milatI hai na ki darzana se| pArzvadeva svayaM ko "saMgItAkara" aura "zrutijJAna-cakravartI' kahate haiN| piMgala- Apane vedoM ke 5 veM aMga chaMda para, chandaHsUtra nAmaka sUtrarUpa graMtha kI racanA kii| isake 8 adhyAya haiN| isameM prAraMbha se lekara cauthe adhyAya ke 7 veM mUtra taka vaidika chaMdoM ke lakSaNa batAye haiM aura usake pazcAt laukika chaMdoM kA varNana kiyA hai| Apa piMgalAcArya athavA piMgalAnAga ke nAma sa bho jAne jAte the| Apake kAla ke bAre meM paryApta jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| kItha ne ApakA kAla IsA pUrva 200 varSa nizcita kiyA hai| chandaHsUtra para likhI gaI bhAva-prakAza nAmaka kA meM Apako pANini kA choTA bhAI batAyA gayA hai| pAla ne apane graMtha meM krauSTakI, yAska, kAzyapa, gautama, agirasa, bhArgava, kauzika, vasiSTha, setava prabhRti AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| piMDya. jayarAma - I. 17 vIM shtii| pitA-gaMbhIrarAva va mAtA- gNgaaNbaa| chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ke pitA zAhajI rAjA bhosale jaba baMgalora (karnATaka) meM zAsaka ke rUpa meM sthira hue, taba jayarAma piMDye unake Azraya meM phuNce| Apa 12 bhASAeM jAne the| rAjA zAhajI kI stuti meM Apake dvArA likhA gayA rAdhAmAdhavavilAsa-caMpU nAmaka saMskRta kAvya prasiddha hai| aitihAsika pramANoM kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kAvya graMtha mahattvapUrNa hai| __ ke. vhI. lakSmaNarAva ke matAnusAra rAdhAmAdhavavilAsa caMpU kI racanA, zAhajI ke putra ekojI ke zAsana kAla meM huI aura jayarAma piMDye, ekojI tathA chatrapati zivAjI donoM ke hI Azrita kavi rahe the| tadanasAra jayarAma piMDye ne zivAjI mahArAja ke viSaya meM bhI paNAlaparvatagrahaNAkhyAnam nAmaka eka kAvya kI racara kI thii| isa AkhyAnakAvya kA bhI aitihAsika mahattva vitrikA zivAjI mahArAja ne jIvA kArya va dhavala caritra para mugdha hokara Apane unake saMpUrNa jIvana ko vividha bhASAoM meM kAvyabaddha karane kA prayAsa bhI prAraMbha kiyA thaa| pitAmaha - samaya- anumAnataH 400 se 700 I. ke biic| "pitAmahasmRti" ke prnnetaa| Apane apanI smRti meM vyavahAra kA vizeSa vicAra kiyA hai| Apake matAnusAra veda, vedAMga, mImAMsA, smRti, purANa va nyAyazAstra kA dharmazAstra meM samAveza hotA hai| Apane batAyA hai ki koI bhI abhiyoga (dAvA) pahale grAma paMcAyata meM, phira nagara meM, aura usake pazcAt rAjA ke sammukha calAyA jAnA caahiye| yadi vAdI tathA prativAdI eka hI deza, nagara athavA gAMva ke hoM, to saMbaMdhita abhiyoga kA nirNaya sthAnIya rIti prathAoM tathA saMketoM ke anusAra diyA jAya kintu vAdI va prativAdI bhinna gAvoM ke hone kI sthiti meM, saMbaMdhita abhiyoga kA nirNaya zAstrAnusAra hI diyA jAnA caahiye| pitAmaha ke Ahnika, vyavahAra va zrAddha saMbaMdhI vacanoM ko "smaticaMdrikA" meM uddhata kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra vizvarUpa ne, aneka azauca viSayaka mata kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unheM dharmavaktAoM meM sthAna diyA hai| inakI smRti ke uddharaNa, "mitAkSarA' meM bhI prApta hote haiN| pitAmaha ne nyAyAlaya meM jina 8 kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA para bala diyA hai ve haiM- lipika, gaNaka, zAstra, sAdhyapAla, sabhAsada, sonA, agni aura jl| pippalAda - eka Rssi| isa zabda kA artha hai pIpala ke peDa ke patte khAkara jIvita rhnevaalaa| inakI mAtA ke tIna nAma milate haiM gabhastinI, suvarcA va subhdraa| gabhastinI dadhIci RSi kI patnI thii| dadhIci ke dehAvasAna ke samaya gabhastinI garbhavatI thI tathA anyatra rahatI thii| pati ke nidhana kA samAcAra vidita hote hI unhoMne apanA peTa cIra kara garbha ko bAhara nikAlA tathA use pIpala vRkSa ke nIce rkhaa| pazcAt ve satI giiN| gabhastinI ke isa garbha kA vRkSoM ne saMrakSaNa kiyaa| Age calakara isa garbha se jo zizu bAhara nikalA, vahI pippalAda khlaayaa| pazu pakSiyoM ne isa zizu kA pAlana poSaNa kiyA tathA soma ne use sabhI vidyAeM sikhaaii| yaha jJAta hone para ki apane mAtRpitRviyoga ke liye zani graha kAraNIbhUta hai, pippalAda ne zani ko AkAza se nIce giraayaa| zani unakI zaraNa aayaa| taba zani ko yaha cetAvanI dekara ki 12 varSa kI Ayu taka ke bAlakoM ko ve bhavikya meM pIDA na pahuMcAeM, pippalAda ne unheM chor3a diyaa| aisA kahate haiM ki gAdhi (vizvAmitra ke pitA), pippalAda va kauzika (vizvAmitra) isa trayI kA smaraNa karane se zani kI pIDA nahIM hotii| devatAoM kI sahAyatA se apane mAtA pitA se milane pippalAda svargaloka gae, vahAM se lauTane para unhoMne gautama kI kanyA se vivAha kiyaa| saMmkana vAda mAya ke gazakAra khapata For Private and Personal Use Only

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pippalAda ke pitA dadhIci RSi ne jisa sthAna para deha tyAga kiyA thA, vahAM para kAmadhenu ne apanI dugdha dhAsa chor3I thii| ataH usa sthAna ko "dugdhezvara" kahA jAne lagA / pippalAda usI sthAna para tapasyA kiyA karate the| isaliye use pippalAdatIrtha bhI kahate haiN| vedavyAsajI ne apane ziSya sumaMtu ko atharvasaMhitA dI thii| pippalAda unhIM sumaMta ke ziSya the| inhoMne atharvaveda kI eka zAkhA kA pravartana kiyA thaa| ataH usa zAkhA ko pippalAda zAkhA kahA jAne lgaa| inhoMne atharvaveda kI eka pAThazAlA bhI sthApita kI thI / pippalAda eka mahAn dArzanika bhI the| jagat kI utpatti ke bAre meM kabaMdhI kAtyAyana dvArA pUche gae prazna kA uttara unhoMne isa prakAra diyA sRSTi kI utpatti ke pUrva jagatkartA the| unhoMne re va prANa kI jor3I kA nirmANa kiyaa| prANa AtmA se utpanna huA, aura AtmA para chAyA ke samAna phaila gyaa| mana kI kriyA se prANa mAnavI zarIra meM praveza karate hue svayaM ko 5 rUpoM meM vibhAjita karatA hai| unhoMne gArgya ko batAyA gaharI nIMda meM indriyAM niSkriya rahatI haiM, kevala pratIti hI kArya kiyA karatI hai zaivya satyakAma se ve kahate haiM, oMkAra kI vibhinna mAtrAoM kA dhyAna karane se jIva-brahmaikya sAdhya hotA hai| eka anya sthAna para ve batAte haiM- oMkAra kA dhyAna va yogamArga ke dvArA parabrahma kI prApti hotI hai| zarabha upaniSad, pippalAda kA mahAzAstra hai| isameM brahmA, viSNu va maheza kI ekarUpatA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| bhISma pitAmaha ke nirvANa ke samaya, pippalAda anya munijanoM ke sAtha vahAM para upasthita the / pI. esa. veriyara (vhI. ena. nAyara) malabAra pradezIya / racanA - anugrahamImAMsA jisakA viSaya hai, jaMnurogoM kI cikitsA / puMDarIka viThThala I. 16-17 vIM zatI eka suprasiddha gAyaka va saMgItajJa / jAmadagnya gotrIya brAhmaNa / maisUra ke nivAsI / kIrti saMpAdana hetu san 1570 meM Apa maisUra chor3a kara uttara kI ora cala paDe, aura pahalA paDAva kiyA burahAnupara meM / puMDarIka viThThala ke samaya uttara hindustAnI saMgIta paddhati meM baDI avyavasthA phailI thii| ataH rAjA burahAnakhAna ne inase kahA ki ve usa saMgIta paddhati ko anuzAsanabaddha suvyavasthita rUpa deN| tadanusAra kAryAraMbha kI dRSTi se puMDarIka viTula ne uttara va dakSiNa kI saMgIta paddhatiyoM kA taulAnika adhyayana kiyA aura bAda meM "sadrAga caMdrodaya" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| phira ve rAjapUta rAjA mAnasiMga ke Azraya meM pahuMce, tathA mAnasiMga ke nirdezAnusAra Apane "rAgamaMjarI" nAmaka graMtha likhaa| pariNAmasvarUpa saMgItazAstrajJa ke rUpa meM Apako dillI bulavAyA gyaa| akabara ke Azraya meM puMDarIka ne "rAgamAlA" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| isa graMtha meM unhoMne rAgoM ke vargIkaraNa - hetu parivAra-rAga-paddhati apnaaii| yaha paddhati, rAgoM meM dikhAI dene vAlA svarasAmya ke tattva para AdhArita haiN| vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra isa prakAra rogoM ke guTa nirmANa karane vAlI puMDarIka kI yaha paddhati, anya tatsama paddhatiyoM se adhika sayuktika hai| dAkSiNAtya saMgIta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue puMDarIka ne eka navIna paddhati kA nirmANa kiyaa| inake anya graMtha haiM- viThThalIya, rAganArAyaNa aura nRtyanirNaya / saMgIta - vRttaratnAkara ke praNetA viThThala tathA puMDarIka viThThala eka hI haiN| puMDarIka viTThala ko dillI meM vipula sammAna prApta huaa| puMDarIkAkSa vidyAsAgara I. 15 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivAsI / pitA - zrIkAnta / kRtiyAM kAvyaprakAza, daNDI - vAmana ke sAhityazAstrIya graMtha bhaTTakAvya tathA kalApavyAkaraNa para ttiikaaeN| kArakakaumudI nAmaka vyAkaraNa graMtha / nyAsaTIkA aura kAtantra pariziSTa- TIkA / 1 punnazeri nIlakaNTha zarmA san 1859-1935 paTTAmbI ke saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM AcArya putrazeri nIlakaNTha zarmA kerala ke pratiSThita vidvAna the| Apako "paNDitarAja' kI upAdhi prApta thii| patra patrikAoM ke mAdhyama se saMskRta ke pracAra kA uddezya sAmane rakha kara, Apane vijJAnacintAmaNi aura "sAhitya ratnAvali" nAmaka patrikAoM kA kuzala sampAdana kiyaa| vyaMgAtmaka nibandhoM ke lekhaka aura aneka "zatakoM" ke praNetA ke rUpa meM inakI vizeSa khyAti thii| zailabdhi zataka paTTAbhiSeka prabandha, sAttvikasvapra aura Ayazataka inakI prasiddha racanAeM hai| puruSottama racanA- zivakAvyam / isameM zivAjI mahArAja se dUsare bAjIrAva pezavA taka marAThA sAmrAjya kA itihAsa varNita hai| puruSottama ( kaviratna ) janma- gaMjama jile meM sana 1790 meM / racanAeM - rAmacandrodaya, rAmAbhyudaya, bAlarAmAyaNa aura rAgamAlikA / inake putra kaviratna nArAyaNa mizra kI bhI saMgIta, balabhadravijaya, zaMkaravihAra, kRSNavilAsa Adi aneka racanAeM haiN| - - - - puruSottamajI inakA janma saM. 1724 meM AcArya vallabha se 7 vIM pIDhI meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma pItAMbara / AraMbhika jIvana mathurA meM aura bAda kA sUrata meM biitaa| inhoMne AcArya vallabha ke "aNubhASya" para "bhASyaprakAza" nAmaka pAMDityapUrNa vyAkhyAna likhe, jisameM aNubhASya ke gUDhArtha kA prakAzana hone ke atirikta anya bhASyoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana bhI hai| isa vyAkhyA kI yahI vizeSatA hai| puruSottamajI ke anya mukhya graMtha haiM (1) subodhinI - prakAza, (2) upaniSaddIpikA, (3) AvaraNabhaMga, (4) prasthAna - ratnAkara, (5) suvarNasUtra (vidvanmaNDana kI pAMDityapUrNa vivRti), (6) amRtataraMgiNI (gItA kI puSTimArgIya TIkA) tathA (7) SoDaza-graMtha vivRta / zrImadbhAgavata-svarUpa zaMkAnirAsa nAmaka apanI racanA meM Apane zrImadbhAgavata ke aSTAdaza purANoM ke saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 373 -

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aMtargata hone kA mata, paramatakhaMDana pUrvaka sthApita kiyA hai| 'zatrubhayaMkara, vRtranAzana, abhayaloka dhAraka Adi vizeSaNa prayukta puruSottamajI kA / / vana I. 1838 meM mAnA jAtA hai| ye kie haiN| inake sUkta kI eka RcA meM indra kA mAhAtmya isa kRSNacandra mahArAja ke ziSya the| inake "bhASyaprakAza" para, prakAra varNita hai : jo zreSThoM meM bhI zreSTha, pUjanIyoM meM bhI inake guru kI brahma-sUtravRtti (bhAvaprakAzikA) kA vizeSa prabhAva atyaMta pUjanIya tathA varadAna dene ke liye sadaiva siddha rahate par3A hai| hai, una (indradeva) kA stavana kIjiye / saMkaTa cAhe kSudra ho puruSottamajI (puruSottamalAlajI) dvArA praNIta graMthoM kI saMkhyA athavA dustara ho, saMkaTa kAla meM unhIMko pukArA jAnA caahiye| 45 batalAI jAtI hai| inameM kucha to TIkA graMtha haiM aura anya sattvaprApti kA prayatna karate samaya unhIM kI pukAra kI jAnI svataMtra nibaMdha graMtha haiN| graMthoM ke praNayana ke sAtha hI ye mUrdhanya caahie| (R. 8-70-8) / paMcaviMza brAhmaNa meM (14.9.29) vidvAnoM se zAstrArtha kara vijaya prApta kiyA karate the| zakti inheM vaikhAnasa bhI kahA gayA hai| taMtra ke marmajJa vidvAna bhAskararAya tathA zaiva darzana ke AcArya pulastya - eka sAMkhyAcArya va smRtikaar| mahAbhArata meM (Adi appayya dIkSita se hue zAstrArtha kA vivaraNa vallabha saMpradAya 66-10) inheM brahmadeva kA mAnasaputra tathA bhAgavata meM (4.1) ke itihAsa meM milatA hai| kapila kA bahanoI batAyA gayA hai| mitAkSarA meM inake kucha puruSottamajI vastutaH zuddhAdvaita mata ke prANa the| inhIM ke zloka die gae haiN| pulastyasmRti kI racanA inhoMne anumAnataH prayAsa se saMpradAya kI dArzanika pratiSThA meM vizeSa vRddhi huii| I. 4 thI va 7 vIM zatI ke bIca kI hogii| AcArya vallabha, gosAI viThThalanAtha aura puruSottamajI zuddhAdvaita pulya umAmahezvara zAstrI - isa kavi ne apane "durgAnugrahakAvyam" mata ke "trimuni" mAne jAte haiN| meM vArANasI ke tulAdhAra zreSThI kA puSkara kSetra ke samAdhi puruSottama deva - I. 12 vIM athavA 13 vIM shtii| baMgAla nAmaka vaizya kA tathA vijayavADA ke dhanADhya vyApArI cuNDUrI ke eka prasiddha bauddha vaiyaakrnn| deva, inakI upAdhi thii| reDDI kA caritra varNana kiyA hai| reDDI kA caritra dhanAzA se ataH aSTAdhyAyI kI vaidikI prakriyA ko choDa kara, Apane likhA hai aisA unhoMne kahA hai| zeSa sUtra para bhASya likhA jo bhASAvRtti ke nAma se suprasiddha isa kavi ne apanI anya racanA meM Andhra ke vidvAn sAdhu hai| puruSottama deva, rAjA lakSmaNasena ke Azrita the| inhIMkI bellamakoNDa rAmarAya kA caritra varNana, azvadhATI chanda ke 108 preraNA se Apane bhASAvRtti kI racanA kii| sRSTidhara nAmaka eka zlokoM meM kiyA hai| baMgAlI paMDita ne deva kI bhASAvatti para TIkA likhI hai| puSpadaMta - zivamahimnaHstotra ke rcyitaa| yaha stotra sarvatra bihAra ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne inake prastuta graMtha ko pramANa graMtha ke atyadhika lokapriya hai kiMtu usake kartA ke nAma (puSpadaMta) rUpa meM mAnyatA dI hai| ke atirikta jIvana caritra viSayaka anya koI bhI adhikRta devajI dvArA likhita anya graMthoM ke nAma hai : mahAbhASyalaghuvRtti, jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM ho paatii| zivabhakta loga mahimnaH stotra bhASyavyAkhyAprapaMca, gaNavRtti, prANapaNA, kArakakArikA, durghaTavRtti, ko vaidika rUdrasUkta ke samakakSa maMtramaya mAnate haiN| trikAMDazeSa, amarakoza- pariziSTa, paribhASAvRtti (lalitAvRtti), pusadekara, zAGgadhara - I. 16 vIM shtii| eka mahAnubhAva jJApakasamuccaya, uNAdivRtti, dvirUpakoza, kArakacakra, sampradAyI vyutpanna braahmnn| pusade (vidarbha, jilA amarAvatI) hArAvalI-koza, varNadezanA aura ekAkSara-koza / inake atirikta ke nivaasii| aneka zAstroM meM paarNgt| saMskRta va marAThI nalodayaprakAza nAmaka nalodaya kAvya kI TIkA bhI Apane likhI hai| bhASAoM meM vipula grNthrcnaa| gItA para kaivalyadIpikA nAmaka puruSottamAcArya (vivaraNakAra) - niMbArka sNprdaayii| saMskRta va marAThI meM ttiikaaeN| kAvyacUDAmaNi nAmaka prasiddha AcArya niMbArka kI 7 vIM pIDhI meM sthit| Apane niMbArkAcAryajI saMskRta graMtha ke krtaa| marAThI meM gItApraznAvalI, paramahaMsa-dharmake "dazazlokI" nAmaka graMtha para, "vedAMta-ratnamaMjUSA" nAmaka mAlikA Adi graMtha bhI likhe haiN| vizAla vivaraNa bhASya likhA hai| dazazlokI tathA zrInivAsAcAryajI pUrNasarasvatI - I. 14 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / kerala meM dakSiNa ke rahasyaprabaMdha nAmaka graMthoM para vivaraNa likhane vAle prathama malabAra ke eka brAhmaNa parivAra meM jnm| guru kA nAmaAcArya hone ke kAraNa, Apa "vivaraNakAra" ke rUpa meM prasiddha puurnnjyoti| kahate haiM ki guru va ziSya donoM hI saMnyAsI the haiN| Apake dUsare graMtha kA nAma hai "shrutyNtsurdrum"| usameM aura tricUrasthita maTha meM rahate the| pUrNasarasvatI dvArA likhe gae zrIkRSNastavarAja para vedAMtaparaka TIkA hai| graMthoM ke nAma haiM- vidyullatA (meghadUta para TIkA), bhakti maMdAkinI (zaMkarAcAryajI ke viSNupAdAdi ke zAnta-stotra para puruhanmA (vaikhAnasa) - AMgirasa kulotpnn| Rgveda ke 8 TIkA), RjuladhvI- mAdhava para kAvyamaya TIkA, haMsadUta (meghadUta veM maMDala kA 70 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| indra kI stuti / kI zailI para likhA gayA kAvya) aura kamalinI-rAjahaMsa (pAMca isa sUkta kA viSaya hai| puruhanmA ne indra ke liye akhaMDAnaMdapUraNa, aMkoM kA naattk)| 374 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAlakoM evaM madivAlayo va gaNoM ko nhiiN| isI pana vidvatpariSada inake atirikta kucha aura bhI TIkA graMtha Apane likhe haiN| saMskRta sAhitya ko samRddha karane vAle kerala ke paMDitoM meM, pUrNasarasvatIjI kA apanA eka vizeSa sthAna hai| periyaappA dIkSita - kilAyUra ke cidambara ke putr| racanA - zRMgAramaMjarI, zAhajIyam (nATaka), taMjAvara nareza zahAjI kA vilAsa varNana inake kavitva kA viSaya hai| perUsUri - I. 18 vIM shtii| sambhavataH kAMcIpura ke nivaasii| pitA- veMkaTezvara / mAtA- veMkaTAmbA / "vasumaMgala" (nATaka) ke rcyitaa| anya kAvyakRtiyAM- rAmacandravijaya, bharatAbhyudaya va ckorsNdesh| paiThInasI - arthava pariziSTa ke aMtargata tarpaNa kI sUci meM ApakA nAma samAviSTa hai aura Apake dvArA aMkita zrAddha vidhiyoM ke kucha vidhi, atharvavedIya zrAddhavidhiyoM se milate julate haiN| isa AdhAra para kahA jAtA hai ki Apa atharvavedI hoNge| smRti-caMdrikA tathA aparArka, haradatta prabhRti ke graMthoM meM paiThInasI ke paryApta vacana uddhRta haiN| aputra kA dhana vidvatpariSad ko prApta honA cAhiye, rAjA ko nhiiN| isI prakAra ApakA kahanA hai, ki devAlayoM va gaNoM kI dharohara kA tathA avayaska bAlakoM evaM mahilAoM ke dhana kA viniyoga, rAjA ne svayaM ke liye nahIM karanA caahiye| pauSkarasAdi - saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke prAcIna AcArya / paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra inakA samaya 3100 varSa vi.pU. hai| inakA ullekha mahAbhASya ke eka vArtika meM huA hai| ("cayo dvitIyAH zari pauSkarasAderiti vAcyam 8-4-48) / pitA- pusskrt| nivAsasthAna- ajamera ke nikaTastha pusskr| taittirIya prAtizAkhya" (5-40) ke mAhiSeya bhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki pauSkarasAdi ne kRSNa yajurveda kI eka zAkhA kA pravacana kiyA thaa| inake mata "hiraNyakezIya gRhyasUtra' (1-6-8) evaM "Agnivezya gRhyasUtra" (1-1 pR. 9) meM bhI ullikhita hai| "ApastaMba dharmasUtra" meM bhI (1-19-7 1-18-1) puSkarasAdi AcArya kA nAma AyA hai| pautra Atreya - Rgveda ke 5 veM maMDala kA 73 vAM va 74 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| azvidevoM kI stuti ina sUktoM kA viSaya hai| 74 veM sUkta kI 4 thI RcA meM inakA nAma hai| usameM Apane yaha batAyA hai ki unhoMne soma yAga kI dIkSA lI thii| dIkSA kAla meM Apa duSToM ke caMgula meM phaMse the| kintu azvidevoM ne unheM unase mukta kiyaa| yaha bAta unakI RcAoM se dhvanita hotI hai| unake sUkta kI eka RcA isa prakAra hai - satyamid vA u azvinA yuvaamaahurmthobhuvaa| tA yAman yAmahUtamA yAmannA mRlyttmaa|| (5.73.9) artha - aho azvI, Apako (jagat kA) maMgala karanevAle kahate haiM, vaha sarvathA satya hI hai| isI liye yajJa meM (bhaktajana) Apa logoM kI atyAgrahapUrvaka prArthanA kiyA karate haiM (kyoMki) yajJa meM pukAra kI jAne para Apa hI atyaMta sukha dene vAle haiN| azvidevoM ko paura Atreya kavi-pratipAlaka kaha kara bhI saMbodhita karate haiN| prakAzAtma yati - I. 13 vIM shtii| rAmAnujAcArya dvArA zAMkara mata ke khaMDana kA prayatna kiyA jAne para, prakAzAtmayati ne zAMkara mata ke samarthanArtha padmapAdAcAryakRta paMcapAdikA para "paMcapAdikA-vivaraNa" nAmaka TIkA likhii| advaita tattvajJAna ke kSetra meM, isa TIkA graMtha ko atyaMta mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| vedAMta tattvajJAna meM bhAmatI prasthAna ke pazcAt vivaraNa-prasthAna ke rUpa meM eka navIna prasthAna kA upakrama, prakAzAtma yati ne kiyaa| prastuta TIkA graMtha meM advaita mata kA aura vizeSataH padmapAdAcArya ke mata kA vizeSa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zArIrakabhASya para nyAyasaMgraha va zabdanirNaya nAmaka do aura bhI graMtha yatijI ne likhe haiN| inheM "prakAzAnubhava" nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| prakAzAnaMda - I. 15 vIM shtii| jJAnAnaMda ke shissy| inakA pramukha pAMDityapUrNa graMtha, vedAnta-siddhAMta-muktAvali hai| yaha vedAMta kA pramANabhUta graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| yaha graMtha gadya padyAtmaka hai| gadya meM yuktivAda hai| prakAzAnaMda ke matAnusAra mAyA anirvacanIya hai, ajJAna pramANagamya nahIM hai, AtmA kevala AnaMdasvarUpa na hokara AnaMdavAn tathA duHkhavAn bhI ho sakatI hai aadi| prastuta graMtha para appayya dIkSita ne siddhAMtadIpikA nAmaka vRtti likhI hai| vedAMta-siddhAMta-muktAvali ke atirikta prakAzAnaMda dvArA likhe gae tAMtrika graMthoM ke nAma haiM : manoramAtaMtrarAja TIkA, mahAlakSmI-paddhati, zrIvidyA-paddhati Adi / pragAtha kANva - Rgveda ke 8 ve maMDala ke kramAMka 10, 48, 51 va 54 ke sUkta Apake nAma para haiN| inheM pragAtha nAmaka maMtravizeSa kA draSTA mAnA gayA hai| yajJa meM zaMsana karane samaya eka viziSTa paddhati se do RcAoM kI tIna RcAeM karate haiM, jinheM "pragAtha" kahA jAtA hai| ina pragAthoM ko, saMbaMdhita devatA ke anusAra, brahmaNaspada pragAtha kANva ne apane sUktoM meM indra, azvI va soma kI stuti kI hai| somarasa ke bAre meM inhoMne kAvyamaya bhASA meM likhA hai| soma ke pAna se ullasita hokara ve kahate haiN| apAma somamamamRtA abhUmAganma jyotiravidAma devaan| kiM nUnamasmAn kRNavadarAtiH kimu dhUrtiramRta martyasya / / (R. 8.48.3) artha - hamane soma rasa kA prAzana kiyA, hama amara hue, divya prakAza ko prApta hue| hamane devoM ko phcaanaa| aba dharma vimukha duSTa hamArA kyA kara leNge| he amara deva, mAnavoM kI dhUrtatA bhI aba hamArA kyA ahita kara skegii| isake uparAMta gragAtha kANva ne svayaM ko agni ke samAna saMskRta vAGmaya koza * graMthakAra khaNDa / 375 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ujjavala banAne tathA sabhI prakAra kI samRddhi pradAna karane kI soma se prArthanA kI hai| pracetA AMgirasa Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala kA 164 sUkta inake nAma para hai| duHsvapnanAza isa sUkta kA viSaya hai| tatsaMbaMdhI eka RcA isa prakAra hai anAma vA bhUmAnAgaso vayam jAgratsvapraH saGkalpaH pApo yaM dviSmastaM sa Rcchatu yo no dvessttitmRcchtu|| (R. 10.164.5) artha- dekho, Aja hamane vANI para vijaya prApta karane ke sAtha hI apanA uddiSTa bhI sAdhya kiyaa| apanA niraparAdhI honA bhI siddha kiyaa| phira bhI jAgrat yA nidrita avasthA meM jo koI durvAsanA hamAre mana meM chipI baiThI ho, vaha pApI vAsanA hamAre zatruoM kI ora unmukha ho; jo hamArA dveSa karate haiM, unakI ora jAve / 1 prajApati inakI eka zrAddhaviSayaka smRti hai / usameM 198 loka vividha chaMdo meM hai caritrakozakAra citrAva zAstrI ke kathanAnusAra prastuta smRti meM kalpazAstra, smRti, dharmazAstra evaM purANoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| azaucya va prAyazcitta se saMbaMdhita inake zloka, yAjJavalkya smRti para likhI gaI mitAkSarA TIkA meM diye gaye hai apane parivAjaka diya meM inakA eka gadyAtmaka udhdaraNa samAviSTa kiyA hai| isI prakAra smRti-caMdrikA, parAzara mAdhavIya evaM katipaya anya graMthoM meM bhI inake vyavahAra - viSayaka zloka apanAe gae haiN| prajApati ke matAnusAra niputrika vidhavA kA apane pati kI saMpatti para adhikAra hotA hai, use apane pati kA zrAddha karane kA bhI adhikAra hai| prajApati parameSThI veda ke 10 ve maMDala ke 129 meM sUkta ke draSTA / yaha sUkta, "nAsadIya" ke nAma se prasiddha hai / prajApati vAcya inake nAma para Rgveda ke tIsare maMDala ke sUkta kramAMka 38, 54, 55 va 56 haiN| inheM 9 veM maMDala ke 101 veM sUkta kI 13 se 16 taka kI RcAoM kA bhI draSTA mAnA jAtA hai| prajApati inakA vyaktinAma va vAcya kulanAma hai ye donoM hI nAma kAlpanika hai| inako prajApati vaizvAmitra I bhI kahate haiM / vizvAmitra kulotpanna ke matAnusAra, prajApati vAcya va prajApati vaizvAmitra ye do bhinna vyakti hone caahiye| inhoMne apane sUktoM meM vyakta kiye kucha vicAra isa prakAra haiM cAhe koI kitanA hI baDA yuktivAn, sUjJa yA sajjana ho, kiMtu purAtana kAla se abAdhita sidhda hue devoM ke niyamoM ko vaha bAdhA nahIM pahuMcA sakatA dyAvApRthivI sabhI mAnavoM va devoM ko dhAraNa karatI haiN| aisA karate hue ve kabhI nahIM thktiiN| devoM kI ora jAne kA mArga vAstava hI meM gUDha hai| ye RSi kavi hRdaya ke haiN| anya draSTA kaviyoM se ve kahateM haiM- apane stotroM ko veda na rahane do, unheM suMdara va suzobhita 376 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bnaaoN| unheM jisa prakAra ke ihaloka utkRSTa sukhoM kA upabhoga karane kI tIvra AkAMkSA hai, usI prakAra prajJAvaMtoM ke darzana va sahavAsa kA AkaSarNa bhI hai| unhoMne aneka devatAoM ko saMbaMdhita karate hue RcAoM kI racanA kI hai va unake dvArA saMbaMdhita devatA ke sAmarthya ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| nimra RcA meM ve paramezvara kA varNana tIna svarUpoM meM karate haiM tripAjasyo vRSabho vizvarUpa utatryudhA purUSaH prajAvAn / tryanIkaH patyate mAhinAvAntsa retodhA vRSabhaH zazvatInAm / / (R. 3.56.3 ) / / artha- ye jo anaMta rUpoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA, manoratha pUrNa karanevAlA va vIryazAlI paramezvara hai, usakI UrjAsthitA tIna prakAra kI hai| usake vakSasthala bhI tIna hI haiN| usakI prajA tIna lokoM meM bhArI huI hai| usake prakAzamaya rUpa bhI tIna prakAra ke haiN| vaha sarvazreSTha deva trailokya kA prabhu hai / aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki purANa-kAla meM sattva - raja-tama para AdhArita jo trimUrti - kalpanA udita va vikasita huI tathA mUrtikalA meM bhI svIkRta kI gaI, usakA bIja ukta maMtra meM hai| prajAvAn prAjApatya Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala kA 183 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| isa sUkta ke koI vizeSa devatA nahIM haiN| isameM RSi apanI preyasI ko, putra kI prApti ke hetu apane pAsa Ane kA Agraha karate haiN| ataH isa sUkta ko saMtatidAyaka mAnA gayA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki "pravargya" nAmaka anuSThAna meM isa sUkta kA paThana karane se saMtati kA lAbha hotA hai| pratardana Rgveda ke 9 veM maMDala kA 96 vAM sUkta va 10 veM maMDala ke 179 veM sUkta kI dUsarI RcA inake nAma para hai| inhoMne apane sUkta meM pavamAna soma kI prazaMsA kI hai| ve kahate haiM- somarasa kA prabhAva vANI ko cAlanA, mana ko preraNA va stavanoM ko sphUrti detA hai, isI prakAra somarasa kA prAna karane vAle vIra saMgrAma meM nirbhayatApUrNa laDate haiN| soma kI prArthanA meM unakI RcA isa prakAra hai: yathA pavathA manave vayodhA amitrahA varivo viddhaviSmAn / evA pavasva draviNaM dadhAna indre saM tiSTha janayAyudhAni / / artha- yauvana kA bala - utsAha lAne vAlA, zatruoM kA vadha karane vAlA, samAdhAnI vRtti dene vAlA va divya janoM ko havirbhAga pahuMcAne vAlA tU jisa prakAra pahale manu ke liye pAvana pravAha se pravAhita rahatA thA, usI prakAra aba bhI saMpatti ke sAtha Akara apane pravAha se baha, indra meM vAsa kara, aura yuddha meM zastroM ko prakaTa kara / pratAparudra deva I. 16 vIM zatI / ur3IsA meM rAjya karanevAle gajapati gharAne ke eka rAjA / sarasvatIvilAsa nAmaka graMtha ke racayitA / apanI rAjadhAnI meM paMDitoM kI sabhA Ayojita kara tathA unase carcA karane ke pazcAt Apane prastuta graMtha likhA / For Private and Personal Use Only

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isa graMtha meM Arthika vidhAna (dIvAnI kAnUna) va dharmazAstroM kA mata hai ki mizrajI ke graMthoM ke anuzIlana se ve bhaTTajI ke niyamoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| Age cala kara isa graMtha ko vidhAna (kAnUna) kA svarUpa prApta huaa| prabhAcaMdra - gurunAma- padmanandI saiddhaantm| dakSiNa bhAratIya / __ Apane pratApa mArtaNDa nAmaka eka aura graMtha kI bhI racanA zravaNa belagola zilAlekhoM meM ullikhita / kAryakSetra uttarabhArata kI hai| usake padArtha nirNaya, vAsarAdi nirUpaNa, tithi nirUpaNa, (ghaaraangrii)| mANikyanandI ke shissy| caturbhuja kA nAma bhI pratinirUpaNa va viSNu bhakti zIrSaka nAmaka pAMca vibhAga haiN| guru ke rUpa meM ullikhita / samaya ke bAre meM tIna mAnyatAeM pratApasiMha deva - jayapura ke mhaaraajaa| I. 1779-1804 / haiM (1) I. 8 vIM zatAbdI, (2) I. 11 vIM zatAbdI aura racanA - sNgiitsaagrH| (3) I. 1065 / inameM dvitIya mata adhika yuktisaMgata hai| pratiprabha Atreya - Rgveda ke 5 veM maMDala kA 49 vAM sUkta bhojadeva aura jayasiMha deva (I. 1065) ke rAjyakAla meM ve inake nAma para hai| savitA kI prArthanA isa sUkta kA viSaya / rhe| racanAeM - prameyakamalamArtaNDa (parIkSAmukha vyAkhyA), hai| prastuta sUkta kI eka RcA isa prakAra hai - nyAyakumudacandra (laghIyastraya vyAkhyA), tattvArthavRtti padavivaraNa tanno anarvA savitA varUyaM tatsiMdhava iSyanto anugman / (sarvArthasiddhi vyAkhyA), zAkaTAyananyAsa (zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa vyAkhyA), zabdAmbhojabhAskara (jainendra vyAkaraNa vyAkhyA), upa yad voce adhvarasya hotA rAyaH syAma patayo vAjaratnAH / / pravacanasAra, sarojabhAskara (pravacanasAra vyAkhyA), gadyakathAkoSa artha - jisakA kisI bhI prakAra kA ahita nahIM ho (svatantra racanA), ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAraTIkA, samAdhitantraTIkA, sakatA, aisA savitA hI hamArA abhedya kavaca hai| vegavAna kriyAkalApa TIkA, AtmAnuzAsana TIkA aura mahApurANa ttippnn| nadiyAM hamArI icchA pUrNa karane ke liye bahatI haiN| isI liye prAyaH ye sabhI graMtha mahAkAya haiN| maiM adhvara (yajJa) kA hotA prArthanA karatA hUM ki hama loga prabhudatta zAstrI - I. 20 vIM shtii| dillI nivaasii| "saMskRta sattvADhya va (divya) vaibhava ke adhipati bneN| vAgvijaya" nAmaka 5 aMkI nATaka ke prnnetaa| isa nATaka meM prabodhAnanda sarasvatI - I. 16 vIM shtii| kRtiyAM- saMgIta-mAdhava, prAcIna prAkRta ke sthAna para arvAcIna prAkRta (hiMdI) kA vRndAvana-mahimAmRta tathA caitanyacandrAmRta / upayoga kiyA hai| prabhAkarabhaTTa - I. 16 vIM zatI kA uttraardh| mAdhava bhaTTa prabhuvasu AMgirasa - Rgveda ke 5 veM maMDala ke 35 va 36 ke putra / baMgAlI naiyaayik| kRtiyAM rasapradIpa, alaMkAra-rahasya veM tathA 9 veM maMDala ke bhI 35 va 36 veM sUkta inake nAma tathA laghu saptazatikA stotr| para haiN| prathama do sUktoM kA viSaya indra kI stuti hai va dvitIya prabhAkara mizra (guru) - I. 7 vIM shtii| aneka vidvAnoM do sUktoM kA viSaya soma kI stuti hai| Apane iMdra ke liye ke matAnusAra kumArila bhaTTa ke ziSya va mImAMsA kSetra meM azanidhara, apAraprajJa, atulabala, bhaktoM para kRpA karane hetu "gurumata" ke sNsthaapk| ApakI alaukika kalpanAzakti para avatIrNa honevAlA Adi aneka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA mohita hokara kumArila bhaTTa ne inheM "guru" kI upAdhi se hai| isa pratyeka vizeSaNa se indra ke caritra ke vividha aMga gauravAnvita kiyaa| taba se ApakA ullekha "guru" ke hI spaSTa hote haiN| unakI eka RcA isa prakAra hai| nAma se hone lgaa| asmAkamindrehi no rathamavA purndhyaa| bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa meM mizrajI kA zubhanAma eka vayaM zaviSTha vIryaM divi zravo dadhImahi dedIpyamAna rUpa meM aMkita hai| apane svataMtra mata kI pratiSThApanA divi stomaM manAmahe (R. 5.35.8) karane hetu, Apane "zAbarabhASya" para bRhatI athavA nibaMdhana artha - he indra deva, hamArI ora kRpayA Agamana kIjiye tathA laghvI athavA vivaraNa nAmaka do TIkAeM likhIM haiN| unameM aura apanI pragalbha buddhi se hamAre (mano) ratha para apanI se bRhatI prakAzita ho cukI hai| apanI amogha vicArazakti anukaMpA kI chAyA (saMrakSA) rkhiye| he sAmarthyasAgara, hama ke bala para mizrajI ne mImAMsAdarzana ko vicArazAstra banAne meM Apake suyaza ko svarga meM bhI sthira kara sakeM tathA svarga meM sahAyatA kI, aura darzana para sthApita kumArila bhaTTa ke bhI Apake hI guNAnuvAda kA ciMtana ho aisI yojanA kiijiye| ekAdhipatya ko dUra kiyaa| apanI eka RcA meM (R. 5.36.6) prabhuvasu AMgirasa ne kappusvAmI zAstrI ne prabhAkara mizra kA kAla san 610 se unheM prApta eka dAna kA varNana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM "nyAyI 690 ke bIca tathA kumArila bhaTTa kA kAla san 600 se va sAmarthya ke prazaMsaka zrutaratha (rAjA) ne 2 avalakSa 660 ke bIca nizcita kiyA hai| pro. kItha va DA. gaMgAnAtha (abalakha) azva, una para ArUDha azvavIra aura unake sAtha jhA ke matAnusAra mizrajI san 600 se 650 ke bIca hue ____ 300 sainika mujhe arpaNa kiye| he maruta prabho, usa yuvA tathA bhaTTajI unase kucha kAla ke uparAMta hue| ina vidvAnoM zrutaratha rAjA ke sammukha, usake adhInastha prajAnana natamastaka rhe"| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 377 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pramathanAtha tarkabhUSaNa ( ma.ma.) vArANasI ke rAjapaNDita tArAcandra ke putra janma san 1866 meM, bhATapArA, jilA caubIsa paraganA, baMgAla meM kRtiyAM (kAvya) rAsarasodaya, vijayaprakAza, aura kokiladUtam / - www.kobatirth.org prayasvanta Atreya Apane Rgveda ke 5 veM maMDala ke 20 veM sUkta kI racanA kI hai| agni kI stuti usa sUkta kA viSaya hai| prastuta sUkta kI eka RcA isa prakAra hai ye agne nerayanti te vRddhA ugrasya zavasaH / apa dveSo apahvaro nyavratasya sazcire / / (R. 5.20.2) artha- he agnidevatA, Apa umra evaM utkaTa balADhya hone para bhI jo ucca pada para pahuMce hue athavA vayaska loga Apake aMtaHkaraNa ko (bhaktidvArA) dravIbhUta nahIM karate, ve nizcita hI dUsaroM kI sevA meM rata puruSoM ke dveSa va tiraskAra ke pAtra hote haiN| prayAga veMkaTAdri racanA vidvanmukhabhUSaNa ( mahAbhASya TippaNI) / isI graMtha ke aDyAra meM upalabdha dUsarI prati kA nAma hai / vidvanmukhamaNDana / - prayoga bhArgava Rgveda ke 8 veM maMDala kA 102 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| Apane vividha nAmoM se agni kI stuti kI hai| anna kI prApti ke hetu kiye jAne vAle prayatnoM ke saphala hone kI ve kAmanA karate haiN| unakI eka RcA isa prakAra hai - tvayA ha vidhujA vayaM codiSThena yaviSya abhiSmo vAjasAtaye / (R. 8.102.3) artha he ati yuvA agne, samRddhi hetu hameM preraNA dene vAle ApakI sahAyatA se hama loga anna kI prApti ke liye kiye jAne vAle yuddha meM zatru kA parAbhava kreNge| - prahlAda buvA I. 18 vIM shtii| amRtAnubhava nAmaka (jJAnezvara kRta) AdhyAtmika marAThI graMtha kA saMskRta meM anuvAda kiyaa| pitA- shivaajii| guru- rAghava paMDharapura (mahArASTra) ke nivAsI / bAlyakAla se hI paramArtha meM ruci / bAlyajIvana viSayaka aneka AkhyAyikAoM meM se eka isa prakAra hai| eka bAra unakI mAM ne kahA "mai devAlaya jA rahI hUM / AMgana meM dAla sUkhane ke liye phailAI huI hai| use gAya na khAe isakA dhyAna rkhnaa"| mAM ke jAne ke pazcAt eka gAya AyI aura dAla ko khAne lagI, kintu prahlAda ne use nahIM rokaa| isI bIca mAM devAlaya se lauttii| gAya ko dekha mAM baDI krodhita huI tathA gAya ko mArane ke liye dauDI / taba pralhAda ne mAM kA hAtha pakar3A aura kahA "mAM, pahale apanI dAla kA vajana karake dekha lo, kama huI to hI gAya ko pITanA / " mAM ne vaisA hI kiyA aura pAyA ki dAla tanika bhI kama nahIM huii| chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja kI auraMgajeba 378 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa mRtyu ke uparAnta, ati vizAla senA ke sAtha dakSiNa para chA gyaa| devAlayoM ko girAnA aura deva mUrtiyoM kI viTaMbanA karanA, usake atyAcAroM kA pramukha aMga thaa| ataH paMDharapura jAkara bhagavAn viThThala kI mUrti ko naSTa karane kA usane nizcaya kiyaa| yaha bAta vidita hote hI prahlAdabuvA ne viThThala mUrti ko devAlaya se uThAkara apane ghara meM chipA diyaa| auraMgajeba kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usa mUrti kI devAlaya meM punaH prANapratiSThA kI gii| kahA jAtA hai ki vaha mUrti Aja taka vahAM hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir "amRtAnubhava" ke saMskRta anuvAda ke atirikta pralhAdabuvA ne marAThI meM zrIpAMDuraMga mAhAtmya, ahilyoddhAra, sItAsvayaMvara, pramANa lakSaNa Adi prakaraNa graMtha likhe| Apa uttama kIrtanakAra bhI the| bhAgavata ke dazama skaMdha kA pArAyaNa karate hue mAgha vadya ekAdazI ke dina pralhAdabuvA kA dehAvasAna huaa| unakI samAdhi paMDharapurasthita maMdira meM hI hai pravartakopAdhyAya racanA mahAbhASyapradIpa prakAzikA (prakAza) / isa graMtha ke aneka hastalekha upalabdha haiM / prazastapAda ( prazastadeva ) - vaizeSika darzana ke prasiddha AcArya / "padArthadharmasaMgraha" nAmaka maulika graMtha ke racayitA / samayaIsA kI caturtha zatI kA aMtima caraNa / inake graMtha kA cInI bhASA meM (648 I. meM) anuvAda ho cukA thA / prasiddha jApAna vidvAna DA. uI ne usakA AMgla bhASA meM anuvAda kiyaa| isa graMtha kI vyApakatA va maulikatA ke kAraNa isa para aneka TIkAeM likhI gaI haiN| vaizeSika sUtra ke pazcAt isa darzana kA atyaMta prauDha graMtha, "prazastapAdabhASya" hI mAnA jAtA hai| ("padArthadharmasaMgraha " kI prazasti, "prazastapAdabhASya" ke rUpa meM hai) yaha vaizeSika darzana kA Akara graMtha hai| - isa graMtha meM bhASya graMtha ke koI bhI lakSaNa nahIM phira bhI aneka vidvAn ise bhASyagraMtha ke tulya hI mAnate haiN| svayaM prazastapAda ne ise bhASya graMtha nahIM batAyA hai| udayanAcAryajI ke matAnusAra vaizeSika sUtroM para prasiddha rAvaNabhASya ke vistRta hone ke kAraNa, prazastapAdajI ne vaizeSika siddhAntoM kA saMkalana saMkSepa meM kiyA hai| priyaMvadA - I. 17 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha, pitA zivarAma | pati- raghunAtha pharIdapura (baMgAla) meM nivAsa "zyAmarahasya" (kRSNabhaktiparaka kAvya ) kI racayitrI / For Private and Personal Use Only premacandra tarkavAgIza samaya I. 19 vIM shtii| bNgaalii| kRtiyAM - zAkuntala, uttararAmacarita aura kAvyaprakAza para ttiikaaeN| bakulAbharaNa zaThagopa ke putra apane "yatIndracampU" meM inhoMne rAmAnujAcArya kA caritra likhA hai / baTukanAtha zarmA (prA.) janma vArANasI meM sana 1895 meN| upanAma- bAlendra / kAzI hindU vi.vi. meM prAdhyApaka / pitA IzvarIprasAda mizra / kRtiyAM- ballavadUta, zatakasaptaka,

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Atmanivedana-zataka, kAlikASTaka, sItAsvayaMvara Adi mahAkAvya sNgRhiit| tathA pANDitya-tANDavita (prhsn)| Apane bharata ke nATyazAstra baladevasiMha varmA (DA.) - I. 20 vIM zatI / ema.e.,pIeca.DI. / kA (saMzodhita saMskaraNa kA) bhI prakAzana kraayaa| vyaakrnnaacaary| zimalA vi.vi. (himAcala pradeza) meM prAdhyApaka badarInAtha zAstrI - I. 20 vIM shtii| baDaudA nivaasii| tathA saMskRta vibhaagaadhykss| saMskRta aura bhASAvijJAna para prabhutva / "vidyAsudhAnidhi" kI upAdhi se vibhuussit| "ratnAvali' nAmaka "harSadarzana" nAmaka ekAMkI ke prnnetaa| puSpagaNDikA ke prnnetaa| balarAmavarmA (bAlarAmavarmA) - kocIna nareza bAlamArtaNDa badarInAtha zarmA - mujapharapura (bihAra) ke nivaasii| racanA- varmA ke bhtiije| janma san 1724 meN| rAjAdhikAra 1753 I. dIdhitiH (dhvanyAloka kI subodha ttiikaa)| se 1798 / zUra, dayAlu, lokapriya, dharmarAja ina nAmoM se bhI babhra Atreya - Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke tIsaveM sUkta ke prsiddh| kaviyoM ke liye udaar| svayaM bhaassaashaastrii| inakI rcyitaa| isa sUkta kA viSaya iMdrastuti hai| rAjasabhA ke sadasya sadAziva makhI kI racanA "rAmavarmayazobhUSaNam" ___ isa sUkta meM babhru Atreya ne svayaM kI jAnakArI bhI dI tathA appaya dIkSita ke vaMzaja veMkaTa subrahmaNyAdhvarin kI racanA hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki babhra Atreya RNaMcaya nAmaka rAjA "vsumtiiklyaannm"| svayaM inakI racanA bAlarAmabharatam ke Azraya meM rahate the| (saMgItaviSayaka) hai| baru - AMgirasa kula ke eka suuktdrssttaa| Rgveda ke dasaveM ballAlasena - baMgAla ke rAjA vijayasena inake pitA the| maMDala ke 96 veM sUkta ke rcyitaa| aitareya brAhmaNa (6.25) I. sa. 1158 meM ye gaddI para baitthe| inake guru kA nAma tathA zAMkhAyana brAhmaNa (25.8) meM inakA ullekha hai| aniruddha bhaTTa thaa| barbarasvAmI - skandasvAmI ke nirdezAnusAra durgAsiMha ke atirikta ___ inhoMne adbhutasAgara (jyotiSaviSayaka) dAnasAgara, nirukta ke eka vyAkhyAkAra / pratiSThAsAgara, AcArasAgara tathA vratasAgara nAmaka (dharmazAstra viSayaka) graMthoM kI racanA kii| baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa - I. 18 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / medinIpura nivaasii| inakA janma baMgAla meM vaizya jAti meM huA ___ ballAlasena atyaMta parAkramI puruSa the aura jyotiSazAstra ke thaa| inhoMne gauDIya vaiSNava dharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| rUpa prasiddha AcArya bhii| inhoMne 1168 I. meM "adbhutasAgara" gosvAmI kI stavamAlA tathA utkalikA vallarI ke ttiikaakaar| nAmaka graMtha kA praNayana kiyA thaa| inhoMne grahoM ke saMbaMdha meM jitanI bAteM likhI haiM, unakA svayaM parIkSA kara vivaraNa diyA inhoMne pItAMbaradAsa ke nikaTa zAstrAdhyayana karane ke pazcAt hai| yaha graMtha inhoMne unake rAjyAbhiSeka ke 8 varSoM ke bAda vaMdAvana meM jAkara vizvanAtha cakravarti kA (jinakA svataMtra paMtha likhA thaa| yaha apane viSaya kA vizAla graMtha hai, jisameM thA) ziSyatva grahaNa kiyaa| vizvanAtha cakravartI ke pazcAt baladeva lagabhaga 8 hajAra zloka haiN| isa graMtha kA prakAzana prabhAkarI hI unake uttarAdhikArI hue| inhoMne vaiSNava saMpradAya kI dRSTi yaMtrAlaya kAzI se ho cukA hai| se graMtha lekhana kiyaa| basava nAyaka - hukkerI (karnATaka) ke nivaasii| racanA-zivatattva usa samaya vRMdAvana jayapuranareza ke zAsanAdhIna thaa| kucha rtnaakrH| I. 18 vIM shtii| IrSyAlu logoM ne vRMdAvana ke caitanya saMpradAya ke viruddha rAjA bANabhaTTa - samaya I. 7 vIM shtii| saMskRta ke sarvazreSTha ke kAna phuuNke| rAjA ne satyAsatya kA patA lagAne ke liye kathAkAra va saMskRta gadya ke sArvabhauma smraatt| saMskRta ke jayapura meM paMDitoM kI sabhA bulaayii| usa sabhA meM upasthita sAhityakAroM meM ekamAtra bANa hI aise kavi haiM, jinake jIvana hokara baladeva ne akATya pramANoM se siddha kara diyA ki ke saMbaMdha meM paryApta mAtrA meM prAmANika jAnakArI upalabdha caitanya mata vedavirodhI na hokara vedAnUkula hai| hotI hai| inhoMne apane graMtha "harSacarita" kI prastAvanA va usa sabhA meM paMDitoM ne unase pUchA - "tumhAre mata kA ___ "kAdaMbarI" ke prAraMbha meM apanA paricaya diyA hai| brahmasUtrabhASya hai kyaa|" baladeva ne kahA "abhI taka nahIM hai, inake pUrvaja sonanada ke nikaTastha prItikUTa nAmaka nagara ke paraMtu vaha nirmANa kruuNgaa"| isake pazcAt baladeva ne brahmasUtra nivAsI the| katipaya vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha sthAna bihAra para vaiSNavamatAnusAra goviMdabhASya likhaa| prAMta ke ArA jile meM "piyaro" nAmaka grAma hai, to anya isake atirikta inhoMne siddhAMtaratna, padyAvalI, kRSNAnaMdinI, kucha vidvAna use gayA jile ke "deva" nAmaka sthAna ke nikaTa vyAkaraNakaumudI, prameyaratnAvali, sAhityakaumudI, vedAMtasyamaMtaka, "piTro" nAmaka grAma mAnate haiN| bANa kA kula pAMDitya ke kAvyakaustubha, chaMdaHkaustubhabhASya Adi graMtha likhe hai| liye vikhyAta thaa| ye vAtsyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake baladevasiMha . vArANasI ke nivaasii| racanA- yahAM aneka chAtra yajurveda kA pATha kiyA karate the| kubera ke cakravarti-vhikToriyA-bhArata varSe 32 vijyptrm| I. 1889 meM cAra putra hue| inameM se pAzupata ke putra kA nAma arthapati saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 379 For Private and Personal Use Only

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thaa| arthapati ke 11 putra the jinameM se citrabhAnu ke putra 'unhIM se zikSA prApta / bANabhaTTa the| bANa kI mAtA kA nAma rAjadevI thaa| nadiyA ke mahArAja kRSNacandra ke sbhaakvi| bAda meM inakI mAM kA dehAMta inakI bAlyAvasthA meM hI ho cukA murzidAbAda meM alivardIkhAna ke pAsa rhe| phira bardavAna ke thaa| pitA dvArA hI inakA pAlana poSaNa huaa| 14 varSa kA rAjA citrasena ke pAsa I. 1744 taka rhe| usakI mRtyu ke Ayu meM bANa ke pitA bhI inheM akelA choDa svargavAsI hue| pazcAt phira kRSNacandra ke Azraya meN| anantara kalakattA ke ataH yogya abhibhAvaka ke saMrakSaNa ke abhAva meM ye aneka zobhA bAjAra ke mahArAja navakRSNadeva ke Azraya meN| anta prakAra kI zaizavocita capalatAoM meM phaMsa gae aura dezATana meM san 1755 meM kAzIyAtrA kii| karane ke liye nikle| inhoMne aneka gurukuloM meM adhyayana ___ vArena hesTiMgja ke AdezAnusAra "vivAdArNava-setu" kI kiyA aura kaI rAjakuloM ko dekhaa| racanA, jo phArasI tathA aMgrejI meM anUdita hai| yaha graMtha 21 vidvattA ke prabhAva se inheM mahArAja harSavardhana kI sabhA meM khaNDoM meM hai| ye samasyApUrti meM advitIya Azukavi the|| sthAna prApta huaa| kucha dinoM taka vahAM rahakara bANa apanI kRtiyAM- candrAbhiSeka (nau aMka), citracampU, rahasyAmRta janmabhUmi ko lauTe aura harSavardhana kI jIvana gAthA prastuta kii| (mahAkAvya), vArANasIzataka, zivazataka (kAvya), hanumatstotra, phira inhoMne apane mahAn graMtha "kAdaMbarI" kA praNayana prAraMbha tArAstotra aura vivAdArNavasetu (dharmazAstra-viSayaka jJAna-koza ke kiyA, kintu inake jIvana kAla meM yaha graMtha pUrA na ho skaa| smaan)| unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt unhIM kI zailI meM unake putra bhUSaNabhaTTa bAdarAyaNa- I. pU. 6 vIM zatI (anumaantH)| inake dvArA ne unakI "kAdaMbarI' ke uttara bhAga ko pUrNa kiyaa| kucha racita brahmasUtroM ko vedAMtasUtra athavA vyAsasUtra kahate haiN| ye vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki kaI sthaloM para bANatanaya "vyAsa"- upAdhi se vibhUSita the| inhoMne apane brahmasUtroM meM ne apane pitA se bhI adhika prauDhatA pradarzita kI hai| upaniSadoM ke bhinna-bhinna siddhAMtoM kA nivedana kiyA hai| ___ bANa kI saMtati ke bAre meM kisI bhI prakAra kA ullekha bApUdeva zAstrI- janma-1686 I. mRtyu-1755 I. / pitA-sItArAma / nahIM hai| dhanapAla ko "tilakamaMjarI' meM bANatanaya puliMdhra kA mUla nivAsa-ahamadanagara (mhaaraassttr)| adhyayanArtha adhika kAla varNana hai, jisake AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne unakA nAma pulina kAzI meM vaastvy| bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya jyotiHzAstra kA bhaTTa nizcita kara diyA hai| "kevalo' pi sphuran bANaH karoti taulanika abhyAsa kara aneka bhASAoM meM graMtha-lekhana / Adhunika vimadAn kviin| kiM putaH kluptasaMdhAnaH puliNdhrkRtsnnidhiH||" kAla ke ekameva zreSTha jyotiHzAstrajJa / zAsakIya saMskRta kAleja anumAna hai ki inake guru bhacu nAmaka mahApaMDita the aura meM adhyaapk| racanAeM- rekhA-gaNitam (prathamAdhyAya), inakA vivAha mayUrabhaTTa nAmaka eka vidvAna paMDita kI bhaginI trikoNamitiH, sAyanavAda, prAcIna aSTAdazavicitra-prazna-saMgraha, ke sAtha huA thaa| tattvaviveka-parIkSA, mAnamandirasya yaMtravarNanam, aMkagaNitam Adi bANakata 3 graMtha prasiddha haiN| harSacarita, kAdaMbarI aura prkaashit| anya hastalikhita graMtha prkaashit| hindI meM prabhUta cnnddiishtk| inakI anya do kRtiyAM bhI prasiddha haiM, ve haiM : lekhana / lIlAvatI kA eka saMskaraNa prakAzita / siddhAntaziromaNi pArvatIpariNaya va mukaTatADitaka para vidvAn inheM anya bANabhaTTa ke golAdhyAya kA tathA sUryasidhdAnta kA aMgrajI anuvAda nAmadhArI lekhaka kI racanAeM mAnate haiN| bANabhaTTa ke bAre meM vilkinsana kI sahAyatA se kiyaa| maithila paNDita nIlAmbara aneka kaviyoM kI prazastiyAM upalabdha hotI haiN| bANabhaTTa kA zarmA kI pAzcAtya paddhati ke anusAra likhita saMskRta racanA samaya 607 I. se 648 I. (mahArAja harSavardhana kA zAsanakAla) golaprakAzaH kA prakAzana kiyaa| pANDitya ke kAraNa zAsana taka hai| dvArA sI.AI.I. tathA mahAmahopAdhyAya kI upAdhiyAM pradatta / bANabhaTTa atyaMta pratibhAzAlI sAhityakAra haiN| inhoMne kAdaMbarI kI racanA kara, saMskRta kathA sAhitya meM yuga pravartana kiyaa| bAlakavi- I. 16 vIM shtii| uttara arkATa meM muluMDrama ke harSacarita kI prastAvanA meM inakI alaMkAra pracura zailI saMbaMdhI nivaasii| bAda meM AzrayadAtA kI khoja meM kerala meM Agamana / mAnyatA kA patA calatA hai| inake varNana saMskRta kAvya kI kocIna ke rAjA rAmavarmA dvArA Azraya prApta / pitA-kAlahastI / nidhi haiN| dhanapAla ne unheM amRta utpanna karane vAlA gaMbhIra pitaamh-mllikaarjun| prapitAmaha-yauvanabhAratI (kvi)| gurusamudra kahA hai| apanI varNanacAturI ke liye bANa prAcIna kAla kRssnn| racanAeM- (1) rAmavarmAvilAsaH, (2) ratnaketUdaya nATakam, se hI prasiddha rahe haiM aura AcAryoM ne inake isa guNa para (3) zivabhaktAnaMdam (4) gairvaanniivijym| mugdha ho kara "bANocchiSTaM jagata sarvama" taka kaha diyA hai| bAlakRSNa- taittirIya saMhitA ke bhASyakAra / bANezvara- I. 18 vIM shtii| janma-hugalI janapada (baMgAla) bAlakRSNa dIkSita- janma-1740 I. meM / dIkSitajI jayapura-nivAsI ke guptapallI grAma meN| pitA-rAmadeva (tarkavAgIza naiyaayik)| audIcya brAhmaNa the| mAravADa-zAsaka ajitasiMha ke samaya meM 380/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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inakA janma huA thaa| "ajitasiMhacaritam" mahAkAvya, inakI ekamAtra kRti hai jisameM ajitasiMha kA caritra 10 sargoM meM varNita hai| bAlacanda- mUla saMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustaka gaccha aura kundakundAnvayake vidvAn / guru-nayakIrti / bhraataa-daamnndii| samayaI. 12 vIM shtii| graMtha-pravacanasAra, samayasAra, paMcAstikAya, paramAtmaprakAza aura tattvArthasUtra (tattvaratna-pradIpikA) ina pAMcoM graMthoM para TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| bAlasarasvatI- vyAkaraNa ke eka suprasiddha paMDita tathA kavi bhI the| inakA rAghavayAdava-pAMDavIya nAmaka mahAkAvya (zabdazleza dvArA) tIna artho ko prakaTa karatA hai| kAvya kA pratyeka zloka rAma, kRSNa tathA pAMDava tInoM se saMbaMdhita artha prakaTa karatA hai, jisase saMpUrNa kAvya meM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA bhAgavata kI kathA kA samAveza ho gayA hai| inhoMne caMdrikApariNaya nAmaka eka anya kAvya kI bhI racanA kI hai| bAlacaMdra sUri- samaya- I. 13 vIM shtaabdii| "vasaMta-vilAsa" nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnet.| isa mahAkAvya meM rAjA vastupAla kA jIvana-caritra varNita hai| kavi ne isakI racanA, vastupAla ke putra ke manoraMjanArtha kI thii| "prabaMdha-ciMtAmaNi" ke anusAra yaha kAvya vastupAla ko itanA adhika rucikara pratIta huA ki unhoMne isa para bAlacaMdra sUri ko eka sahasra suvarNa mudrAeM pradAna kI aura unheM AcArya-pada para abhiSikta kiyaa| bAhavRkta Atreya- Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke 71 evaM 72 * do sUkta inake nAma para haiN| ina sUktoM meM mitra aura varuNa kI stuti kI gayI hai| eka RcA isa prakAra hai- . mitrazca no varuNazca juSatA yjnymissttye| ni barhiSi sadatA sompiitye|| artha- hamArI abhIpsA pUrNa ho isake liye mitra aura varuNa hamAre isa yajJa ko svIkAra kreN| isa liye aba donoM devatAoM, somarasa ke AsvAdana ke liye isa kuzAsana para Apa ArohaNa kIjiye! bilvamaMgala- (lIlAzuka) pitA-dAmodara / mAtA-nIlI yA niirii| apane jIvana ke pUrvArdha meM ye atyaMta viSayAsakta the| ciMtAmaNi nAmaka vezyA ke ghara para dina-rAta par3e rahate the| ___eka bAra apane pitA kI zrAdhdatithi para bhI ve ciMtAmaNi vezyA ke yahAM gye| vezyA ko apAra duHkha huaa| usane unakI nirbhatsanA karate hue kahA, mujha para jitane Asakta ho utanA bhagavAn kRSNa para prema karo to tumhArA aura tumhAre kula kA uddhAra ho jaayegaa| bilvamaMgala ko uparati huii| vahAM se ve sIdhe vrajabhUmi kI ora cala pdd'e| rAha meM somagiri nAmaka mahAtmA se inakI bheMTa huii| unhoMne bilvamaMgala ko vaiSNavadIkSA dI aura inakA nAma "lIlAzuka" rkhaa| inakI yAtrA jArI rhii| rAste meM suMdara-suMdara vastuoM ko dekha kara inakA mana unakI ora AkRSTa hotA thaa| eka dina inake mana meM vicAra AyA "AMkhe baDI pApI haiN| ve bhagavAn ke darzana meM bAdhaka haiM, kyoM ki ye aneka viSayoM kI ora mana ko AkarSita karatI haiN| unhoMne turaMta eka kAMTA lekara usase apanI donoM AMkhe bedha ddaalii| dRSTivihIna bilvamaMgala Thokare khAte hue braja kI ora calane lge| kahate hai ki bhagavAn kRSNa ko inakI dayA aayii| unhoMne bAlaka kA rUpa dhAraNa kara unheM apane hAtha kA sahArA diyA aura vRMdAvana taka pahuMcA diyaa| vahAM unhoMne bilvamaMgala se bidAI maaNgii| paraMtu inhoMne unakA hAtha dRDhatA se pakaDa rakhA / phira bhI bhagavAn kRSNa hAtha chur3A kara cala pdd'e| taba inheM anubhava huA ki inheM pahuMcAne vAlA bAlaka svayaM bhagavAna kRSNa the| usa samaya inake mukha se nimna zloka nikalA hastamutkSipya yAto'si balAtkRSNa kimdbhutm| hRdayAdyadi niryAsi pauruSaM gaNayAmi te|| bilvamaMgala vRMdAvana meM rahane lge| vahAM inhoMne kRSNa kI sarasa aura madhura lIlAoM para 112 zloka rce| inake ye zloka "kRSNakarNAmRta" ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| caitanya mahAprabhu inakA nitya pATha karate the isase kRSNakarNAmRta kI mahattA pramANita hotI hai| kRSNakarNAmRta kA nimna zloka bilvamaMgala kI hari-darzana kI utkaTatA prakaTa karatA haiamUnyadhanyAni dinAntarANi hare tvadAlokanamantareNa / anAthabandho karuNaikasindho hA hanta hA hanta kathaM nayAmi / / artha he hari, he anAtha baMdhu, he karuNAsAgara, tumhAre darzana ke binA mere viphala siddha honevAle dina maiM kaise pAra kruuN| mujhe atyaMta duHkha ho rahA hai| bilhaNa- pitA-jyeSTha kalaza aura maataa-naagdevii| janma-kAzmIra ke pravarapura ke nikaTavartI grAma khAnamukha meM / kauzika gotrI braahmnn| bilhaNa ke prapitAmaha aura pitAmaha vaidika vAGmaya ke prakAMDa paMDita the| inake pitA ne pataMjali ke mahAbhASya para TIkA likhI thii| bilhaNa ne veda, vyAkaraNa tathA kAvyazAstra kA adhyayana kAzmIra meM hI pUrNa kiyA thaa| I. sa. 1062-65 ke bIca kisI samaya bilhaNa ne kAzmIra choDA aura deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM kA bhramaNa kiyaa| aMta meM karnATaka ke cAlukakyavaMzIya samrATa vikramAMka kI rAjasabhA meM unheM sammAnapUrvaka Azraya milaa| vahIM inhoMne kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza ke anukaraNa para "vikramAMkadeva-carita' nAmaka mahAkAvya likhaa| unakA aura paryAya se bilhaNa kA samaya 1076-1127 bilhaNa kA karNasuMdarI nAmaka nATaka aura caurapaMcAzikA nAmaka laghu praNayakAvya bhI upalabdha hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 381 For Private and Personal Use Only

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caurapaMcAzikA ke saMbaMdha meM eka kiMvadaMtI isa prakAra hai- bilhaNa kA kisI rAjakumArI para prema thaa| yaha vArtA rAjA ko jJAta hote hI usane bilhaNa ko mRtyudaMDa diyaa| jaba sipAhI vadhastaMbha kI ora bilhaNa ko le jAne lage, taba inake mana meM apane anubhUta praNaya kI smRtiyAM ubhara AyIM aura inhoMne unheM zlokabaddha kiyaa| una zlokoM ko suna kara rAjA kA mana dravita huaa| usane bilhaNa ko mukta kiyA tathA unakA rAjakanyA ke sAtha vivAha bhI kara diyaa| aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke nidarzana meM ye baDe jAgarUka rahe haiN| vaidarbhI-mArga ke kavi haiN| bilhaNa ne rAjAoM kI kIrti ora apakIrti prasAraNa kA kAraNa, kaviyoM ko mAnA hai| inake mahAkAvya kA sarvaprathama prakAzana je.jI. bUlhara dvArA 1875 I. meM huA thaa| phira hindI anuvAda ke sAtha vaha caukhaMbA vidyAbhavana se prakAzita huaa| buddhaghoSa- samaya- saMbhavataH 4-5 vIM shtii| TIkAkAra buddhaghoSa se bhinn| inhoMne "padmacUDAmaNi' nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| ye pAlI-lekhakoM va bauddha-dharma ke vyAkhyAkAroM meM mahanIya sthAna ke adhikArI haiN| inhoMne "visuddhimagga" nAmaka bauddha-dharma-viSayaka graMtha kA bhI praNayana kiyA hai, tathA "mahAvaMza" va "aThaTha kathA" nAmaka graMtha bhI inake nAma para pracalita haiN| ye brAhmaNa se bauddha hue the| inake eka graMtha kA cInI anuvAda 488 I. meM huA thaa| jaisA ki inake mahAkAvya "padmacUDAmaNi" se jJAta hotA hai, ye azvaghoSa tathA kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM se pUrNataH paricita the| budhdadeva pANDeya- I. 20 vIM shtii| dayAnaMda kanyA vidyAlaya, mIThApUra (paTanA) meM adhyaapk| "Adikavi" nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| buddhapAlita- samaya- prAyaH pAMcavIM shtii| mahAyAna sampradAya ke mahAn aacaary| zUnyavAda ke pramukha vyaakhyaakaar| prAsaMgika mata ke prtisstthaapk| isake kAraNa vizeSa prasiddha / racanA-mAdhyamika-kArikA para "akutobhayA" nAmaka ttiikaagrNth| anya svataMtra racanA nhiiN| budha Atreya- Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke prathama sUkta ke rcyitaa| isa sUkta meM agni kI stuti kI gayI hai| budhavIsa- vNsh-agrvaal| sAhU totU ke putra aura ma. hemacandra ke shissy| samaya- I. 16 vIM shtii| graMtha-bRhatsiddhacakra-pUjA, dharmacakra-pUjA, nandIzvara-pUjA aura yssttimNddl-yntr-puujaapaatth| bUlhara je. jI.- jarmanI ke praacy-vidyaa-vishaard| jarmanI meM 19 julAI 1837 I. ko jnm| hanovara-rAjya ke aMtargata, voraleTa nAmaka grAma ke nivaasii| eka sAdhAraNa pAdarI kI saMtAna / zaizava se hI dhArmika ruci| ucca zikSA prApti ke / hetu gArTijana vizvavidyAlaya meM praviSTa va vahAM saMskRta ke anUdita graMthoM kA adhyyn| 1858 I. meM DAkTareTa kI upAdhi prApta kI, aura bhAratIya vidyA ke adhyayana meM saMlagna hue| Arthika saMkaTa hote hue bhI bar3I lagana ke sAtha bhAratIya hastalikhita pothiyoM kA anveSaNa kArya prAraMbha kiyaa| tadartha Apa perisa, laMdana va oNksaphorDa ke iMDiyA Aphisa-sthita vizAla graMthAgAroM meM upalabdha sAmagriyoM kA AloDana karane ke liye ge| saMyogavaza laMdana meM maiksamUlara se bheMTa hokara isa kArya meM paryApta sahAyatA prApta huii| laMdana meM ye viMDasara ke rAjakIya pustakAlaya meM saha-pustakAlayAdhya ke rUpa meM niyukti hae va aMtataH gArTijana-vizvadyiAlaya ke pustakAlaya meM saha-pustakAlayAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM inakI niyukti huii| bhAratIya vidyA ke adhyayana kI utkaTa abhilASA ke kAraNa ye bhArata Ae aura maiksamUlara kI saMstuti ke kAraNa baMbaI-zikSA-vibhAga ke tatkAlIna adhyakSa hArvaDa ne inheM muMbaI-zikSA-vibhAga meM sthAna diyaa| yahAM ye 1863 I. se 1880 I. taka rhe| vizvavidyAlaya kA jIvana samApta hone para inhoMne svayaM ko lekhana-kArya meM lagAyA aura "orieMTa eNDa oNksIDeMTa" nAmaka patrikA meM bhASA-vijJAna va vaidika zodhaviSayaka nibaMdha likhane lge| inhoMne "baMbaI saMskRta-sIrIja' kI sthApanA kI, aura vahAM se "paMcataMtra", "dazakumAra-carita" va "vikramAMkadevacarita' kA saMpAdana va prakAzana kiyaa| san 1867 meM sara remAMDa vesTa nAmaka vidvAna ke sahayoga se inhoMne "DAijesTa-oNpha hiMdU laoN' nAmaka pustaka kA praNayana kiyaa| inhoMne saMskRta kI hastalikhita pothiyoM kI khoja kA kArya akSuNNa rakhA, aura 1868 I. meM etadartha zAsana kI ora se baMgAla, muMbaI va madrAsa meM saMsthAna khulvaaye| DA. kIlahAna, bUlhara, pITarsana, bhAMDArakara, banela prabhRti vidvAna bhI isa kArya meM lge| bUlhara ko muMbaI zAkhA kA adhyakSa banAyA gyaa| bUlhara ne lagabhaga 2300 pothiyoM ko khoja kara unakA uddhAra kiyaa| inameM se kucha barlina-vizvadyiAlaya meM gayIM tathA kucha pothiyoM ko iMDiyA oNphisa lAibrerI laMdana meM rakhA gyaa| san 1887 meM inhoMne lagabhaga 500 jaina graMthoM ke AdhAra para jarmana bhASA meM dharma-viSayaka eka graMtha kI racanA kI, jise bahuta prasiddhi prApta huii| isa prakAra aneka varSoM taka niraMtara anusaMdhAna-kArya meM juTe rahane ke kAraNa inakA svAsthya girane lagA / ataH Arogya lAbha hetu, ye vAyanA (jarmanI) cale ge| vAyanA-vizvavidyAlaya meM inheM bhAratIya sAhitya va tattvajJAna ke adhyApana kA kArya milaa| vahAM inhoMne 1886 I. meM "orIeMTala insTITyUTa' kI sthApanA kI aura "orIeMTala jarnala' nAmaka patrikA kA prakAzana inhoMne kiyaa| inhoMne 30 vidvAnoM ke sahayoga se " enasAyaklopeDiyA oNpha iMDo-Aryan risarca" kA saMpAdana-kArya prAraMbha kiyA kintu isake kevala 9 bhAga hI prakAzita ho ske| apanI maulika pratibhA ke kAraNa, bUlhara vizvavizruta vidvAna 382 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza-graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ho ge| eDinabarA-vizvavidyAlaya ne inheM DAkTareTa kI upAdhi gAthAeM dI gayI haiN| manusmRti ko cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita se vibhUSita kiyaa| di. 8 apraila 1898 I. ko jhIla me karane kA zreya jina cAra RSiyoM ko diyA jAtA hai, unameM naukA-vihAra karate hue ye acAnaka jala-samAdhistha ho ge| bRhaspati eka haiN| anya tIna RSi haiM- AMgirasa, nArada aura bhRgu / usa samaya ApakI Ayu 61 varSa kI thii| bRhaspati mizra-I. 15 vIM shtii| pitA-govinda / mAtA-nIlamukhAyI bRhaduktha vAmadeva - vAmadeva ke putra haiM yA vaMzaja, isa viSaya devii| "rAyamukuTa" ke nAma se vikhyAta / rADha pradeza (baMgAla) meM nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke nivaasii| gauDa-nareza se samAzraya prApta / kRtiyAM- padacandrikA ke 54-56 sUktoM ke drssttaa| inake putra kA nAma vAjina thaa| athavA amarakoza-paMcikA, vyAkhyAbRhaspati (raghuvaMza tathA kumAra putra kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake zarIra ke bhAga le jAne kI para TIkA) aura nirNayabRhaspati (mAgha kAvya para ttiikaa)| inhoMne devatAoM se prArthanA kI hai (10-56) / aitareya brAhmaNa beDula subrahmaNya zAstrI- I. 20 vIM shtii| saMskRta tathA se jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne pAMcAla deza ke durmukha nAmaka telugu meM ema. e.| e. vI. esa. ArTsa kAleja, vizAkhApaTTama rAjA kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA thaa| meM telugu ke vyaakhyaataa| "varuthinI-pravara" nAmaka ekAMkI ke ___ inake tInoM sUkta iMdra-stutiparaka haiN| ina sUktoM meM inakI prnnetaa| pratibhA kA paricaya milatA hai| ye sUkta zreSTha kAvyaguNoM se yukta haiN| bellamakoNDa rAmarAya- alpajIvana kAla meM lokottara graMthasambhAra bRhaddiva AtharvaNa- Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 120 veN| kI nirmiti karane vAle prakANDa vidvaan| janma 1875 I. meN| sUkta ke draSTA / yaha sUkta iMdrastutiparaka hai| zAkhAMyana AraNyaka pitA-mohanarAya, maataa-hnumaambaa| narasArAbupeTa (Andhra) ke meM inheM sumnayu kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| (15-1) / nivaasii| pitA kA zIghra hI dehaant| kAkA ke pAsa adhyayana / bRhanmati AMgirasa- Rgveda ke navama maMDala ke 39 veM tathA guru-siitaaraam| hayagrIvopAsanA evaM ratnagurU ke pAsa sAdhanA / 40 veM sUkta ke draSTA / ina sUktoM meM soma kI stuti kI gayI hai| adbhuta kaavy-shkti| prAyaH 16 varSa kI Ayu meM bRhaspati- Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 71 tathA 72 veM sUkta rukmiNI-pariNaya-campU: (saTIka) aura kRSNalIlAtaraMgiNI ina kAvyoM kI nirmiti| AdilakSmI se vivaah| dainika ke drssttaa| inake nAma kI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai- "vAg bRhatI kAryakrama-upAsanA, adhyApana, adhyayana, cintana tathA graMthazodhana tasyA eSa patistasmAdu bRhaspatiH", vANI kA pati bRhaspati / va lekhn| siddhAnta-kaumudI para zarad-rAtriH nAmaka TIkA / guruapane sUkta meM divya vANI kA mahattva batalAte hue ye rAmazAstrI prsnn| campU-bhAgavata kI TIkA guru ke Adeza se kahate haiM- "saktumiva titaunA punanto yatra dhIrA manasA vAcamakrata / kii| inakI kula racanAeM 143 haiN| Ayu maryAdA 38 varSa / atrA sakhAyaH sakhyAni jaante| bhadreSAM lakSmIrnihitAdhi vaaci"| madhumeha se mRtyu| pulya umAmahezvara zAstrI ne inakA caritra (R. 10-71-2) / likhA (108 zloka) aura inakI kucha racanAoM kA prakAzana artha- jisa prakAra calanI se sattU chAnakara sApha karate haiM, kiyaa| usI prakAra zuddha buddhi ke satpuruSa apane aMtaHkaraNa se hI pramukha racanAeM- bhagavadgItAbhASyArtha-prakAza, samudramanthana-campUH, bhASaNa karate haiN| aise samaya ve usa bhASaNa kA marma samajhate kandarpadarpavilAsa (bhANa), zArIraka-catuHsUtrIvicAraH, haiM jo bhagavAn ke priya hote haiM tathA ina (satpuruSoM kI) zaMkarAzaMkara-bhASyavimarzaH, vedAntakaustubha, advaitavijaya, murArinATaka vANI meM maMgalarUpa lakSmI nivAsa karatI hai| vyAkhyA, dazAvatArASTottarANi, dharmapraMzasA, kAmamImAMsA, inheM caturviMzati rAtra, anya kucha yAgoM (te.saM.7-4-1) tathA tritarasammatam, vidyArthividyotanam, rAmAyaNAntarArtha, bhAratAntarArtha, kucha sAmoM ke racayitA kahA jAtA hai| batAyA jAtA hai ki mokSaprAsAdaH, brAhmaNazabdavicAraH aadi| inhoMne yAjJavalkya ko tattvajJAna kI zikSA dI thii| bokIla, vinAyakarAva- janma-di 8-1-1890 ko, sAtArA bRhaspati (arthazAstrakAra)- arthazAstra ke eka prAcIna aacaary| jile meN| snAtakIya zikSA puNe ke phargyusana kAleja meN| san inake dvArA racita arthazAstra kA graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai, paraMtu 1939 se 1945 taka zikSA vibhAga meM inspekttr| puNe meM kauTilya ne apane "arthazAstra" graMtha meM bArhaspatya zAkhA ke prAdhyApaka ke pada para bhI rhe| pravRtti aadhyaatmik| matoM kA chaha bAra ullekha kiyA hai| kRtiyAM- (nATaka)- zrIkRSNa-rukmiNIya, saubhadra, zrIzivavaibhava, rAjA ke 16 pradhAnamaMtrI hoM aisA inakA mata thaa| mahAbhArata bhImakIcakIya va ramA-mAdhava jisameM mAdhavarAva pezavA aura ke anusAra (zAMti 59.80.85) brahmA dvArA dharma, artha tathA unakI dharmapatnI satI ramAbAI kA vyaktitva citrita kiyA hai| kAma-viSaya para likhe hue pracaMDa graMtha kA, inhoMne 3 hajAra (bAlopayogI-bAlarAmAyaNa), bAlabhAgavata aura bAlabhArata / inake adhyAyoM meM saMkSepa kiyA hai| vanaparva meM (mahAbhArata) bRhaspati-nIti atirikta marAThI aura aMgrejI meM bhI graMtha-lekhana kiyA hai| kA ullekha hai| zAMtiparva meM bRhaspati ke kucha zloka tathA bodhAyana- saMbhavataH IsA pUrva chaThI se tIsarI zatI ke bIca saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 383 For Private and Personal Use Only

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inakA AvirbhAva huA thaa| kalpasUtra ke rcyitaa| ye kRSNayajurvedIya the| barnela ke anusAra inake chaha sUtra upalabdha haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM- 1. zrautasUtra, 2. karmAntasUtra, 3. dvaidhasUtra, 4. gRhyasUtra, 5. dharmasUtra aura 6. zulbasUtra / baudhAyana-zAkhA ke loga saMprati Andhra meM kRSNA nadI ke muhAne ke nikaTavartI kSetra meM adhika saMkhyA meM haiN| bopadeva- mugdhabodha nAmaka laghu vyAkaraNa-tantra ke prnnetaa| pitaa-keshv| garu-dhanezvara (dhrmesh)| nivAsa-daulatAbAda (devagiri) ke samIpa / devagiri ke hemAdri ke mntrii| samaya-vi.saM. 1300-1350 / anya raca pAeM-kavi-kalpadruma nAmaka dhAtupATha-saMgraha aura usakI TIkA, muktAphala, harilIlIvivaraNa, zatazlokI (vaidyaka graMtha) aura hemAdri nAmaka dharmazAstrIya nibandha / bommakAMTi rAmaliMgazAstrI- I. 20 vIM shtii| usmAniyA vi.. vi. haidarAbAda meM saMskRta-vibhAgAdhyakSa / zikSA-ema.e. (bhAratIya purAtattva) pIeca.DI. (saMskRta) tathA shaastrii| prAcya tathA pAzcAtya vidyAoM ke jnyaataa| nATyasAhitya Adhunika videzI paddhati para vikasita kiyaa| kRtiyAM- satyAgrahodaya (nATaka), dazagrIva (padya-saMvAda), javAhara-zradhdAMjali, laghugItasaMgraha, geyAMjali (kavitA-saMkalana), saMskRtikaraNam, zunaHzepa (ekAMkI), meghAnuzAsana (ekAMkI), sugrIva-sakhya, mAtRgupta (ekAMkI), devayAnI aura yAminI (nabhonATya) aura vikraant-bhaart| brajanAtha tailaMga- "manodUta" nAmaka saMdeza-kAvya ke rcyitaa| racanA-kAla, vi.saM. 1814 / isa kAvya kI racanA, inhoMne vRMdAvana meM kI thii| pitaa-shriiraamkRssnn| pitAmaha-bhUdhara bhaTTa / ye paMcanaMda ke nivAsI mAne jAte haiN| brahma kRSNadAsa (kezavasena sUri)- lohapattana ngr-nivaasii| pitaa-hrss| maataa-viirikaadevii| jyeSTha bhraataa-mNgldaas| kASThAsaMgha ke paTTadhara bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke shissy| samaya- I. 17 vIM shtii| racanAeM- munisuvrata-purANa (vi.saM.1681)-23 sarga aura 3025 pdy| karNAmRta-purANa va SoDazakAraNa vratodyApana / brahmagupta (gaNakacakracUDAmaNi)- samaya- 598-665 I. / pitaa-jissnnu| gaNita-jyotiSa ke suprasiddha aacaary| inakA janma 598 I. meM paMjAba ke "bhilanAlakA" nAmaka sthAna meM huA thaa| inhoMne "brahmasphuTa-siddhAMta" va "khaMDa-khAdyaka" nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| ye bIjagaNita ke pravartaka va jyotiSa zAstra ke prakAMDa paMDita mAne jAte haiN| inake donoM hI graMthoM ke anuvAda arabI bhASA meM hue hai| "brahmasphuTa-siddhAMta" ko arabI meM "asinda hinda" va "khaMDa-khAdyaka" ke anuvAda ko "alarkanda" kahA jAtA hai| AryabhaTTa ke pRthvI-calana-siddhAMta ko khaMDita karate hue, inhoMne pRthvI ko sthira kahA hai| apane graMthoM meM brahmagupta ne aneka sthaloM para AryabhaTTa, zrISeNa, viSNacaMdra prabhRti AcAryoM ke matoM kA khaMDana karate hue, unheM tyAjya batalAyA hai| brahmagupta ke anusAra ina AcAryoM kI gaNanA-vidhi se grahoM kA spaSTa sthAna zuddha rUpa meM nahIM aataa| sarvaprathama inhoMne gaNita va jyotiSa ke viSayoM ko pRthak kara, unakA varNana alaga-alaga adhyAyoM meM kiyA hai aura gaNita-jyotiSa kI racanA vizeSa krama se kI hai| AryabhaTTa ke niMdaka hote hue bhI, inhoMne jyotiSa viSayaka tathyoM ke atirikta bIragaNata, aMkagaNita va kSetramiti ke saMbaMdha meM aneka maulika siddhAMta prastuta kiye haiM, jinakA mahattva Aja bhI usI rUpa meM akSuNNa hai| "brahmasphuTa-siddhAMta' mUla va lekhaka-kRta TIkA ke sAtha kAzI se 1902 I. meM prakAzita / saMpAdaka- sudhAkara dvivedii| mUla va AmarAja-kRta saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha kalakattA se prakAzita / bhAskarAcArya ne inheM "gaNaka-cakra-cUDAmaNi' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA hai| aMgrejI anuvAda pI.sI.senaguptA, kalakattA dvAra, sNpnn| brahma jinadAsa- kundakundAnvayI, sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke kaniSTha bhraataa| balAtkAragaNa kI IDara-zAkhA ke pramudha aacaary| pitA-karNasiMha, maataa-shobhaa| jaati-huvNdd| samaya- vi. sa. 1450-15251 ziSyanAma-manohara, mallidAsa, guNadAsa aura nemidaas| racanAeM-jambUsvAmi-carita (11 sarga), harivaMzapurANa (14 sarga), rAmacarita (83 sarga), puSpAMjalivrata-kathA-, jambUdvIpa-pUjA sArddhadvaya-dvIpapUjA, saptarSi pUjA, jyeSTijinavarapUjA, gurupUjA, anantavratapUjA aura jalayAtrAvidhi / rAjasthAnI bhASA meM bhI inhoMne 53 graMtha race haiN| brahmajJAnasAgara- I. 17 vIM shtii| guru-zrIbhUSaNa / graMtha nemidharmApadeza aura dazalakSaNa kthaa| brahmatantra parakAla svAmI- maisUra ke parakAla maTha ke 31 veM adhipati (I. 1839 se 1916) / racanA- alaMkAramaNihAraH / kAvya meM veMkaTezvara-stuti tathA alaMkAroM kA nidrshn| ye svAmI maisUra ke prasiddha kRSNammAcArya vakIla the| inhoMne anyAnya viSayoM para 67 graMthoM kI racanA kii| unameM se kucha pramukha haiM - raMgarAjavilAsacampU, kArtikotsavadIpikAcampU, zrInivAsavilAsacampU, capeTAhatistuti, uttarAGgamAhAtmya, rAmezvara-vijaya, nRsiMha-vilAsa, madanagopAla-mAhAtmya Adi / brahmadatta- eka mahAn vedaaNtii| Adya zaMkarAcArya dvArA apane bRhadArANya ke bhASya meM inakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vedAntadezikAcArya apanI sarvAthasiddhi nAmaka TIkA meM brahmadatta ke kucha matoM kA ullekha karate haiN| ye dhyAnaniyogavAdI the aura jIvan-mukti nahIM mAnate the| mokSa ko ye adRSTa phala mAnate the| TIkAkAra surezvarAcArya tathA jJAnottama inheM jJAnakarmasamuccayavAdI mAnate haiN| brahmadeva- racanAeM- 1. bRhadrvyasaMgraha-TIkA, 2. paramArthaprakAza-TIkA, 3. tattvadIpaka, 4. jJAnadIpaka, 5. pratiSThAtilaka, 6. vivAhapaTala, tathA 7. kathAkoSa / brahmanemidatta- I. 16 vIM shtii| mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha 384 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra balAtkAra-gaNa ke jaina vidvAn / bhaTTAraka malliSeNa ke ziSya / agravAla / gotra- goyala / AzAnagara (mAlava pradeza) ke nivAsI / racanAeM ArAdhanA-kathA- koza, neminAtha- purANa, zrIpAlacarita, sudarzanacarita, rAtribhojanatyAga kathA prItaMkara- mahAmunicarita, dhanyakumAracarita neminirvANa-kAvya, nAgakumAra- kathA aura dharmopadezapIyUSavarSa zrAvakAcAra inake atirikta hindI meM bhI inakI racanAeM upalabdha haiM / www.kobatirth.org brahma ziva- karnATakavAsI / vatsagotrI brAhmaNa / pitA aggaladeva / gurunAma - vIranandI / kIrtivarmA aura Ahavamalla nareza ke samakAlIna pahale vaidika matAnuyAyI, bAda meM liMgAyatI bne| tatpazcAt jaina dharmAvalaMbI hue| samaya- I. 12 vIM zatI / graMthasamayaparIkSA / 1 brahmazrI kapAlI - zAstrI - yogirAja aravinda ke pramukha ziSya / vedopaniSadantargata gUDha AdhyAtmika jJAna kA saMzodhana karane meM vyasta / Adhunika samaya ke ramaNa maharSi, tathA vasiSTha - gaNapati-mui kapAlI zAstrI ke preraka tathA sphUrtidAyaka the| bhAradvAja gotra pitA-vizvezvara / tiruvoSipuri-nivAsI / pitA ke pAsa vedAdhyayana / 20 varSa kI Ayu taka Ayurveda tathA jyotiSazAstra meM naipuNya prApta / gAyatrI sAdhanA / vedavidyA kA gUDha khojane kI anivAra abhilASA / vAsiSTha gaNapati muni se sNprk| unake dvArA mantrataMtrAdi sAdhanA meM vizeSa gati / ramaNa maharSi se bheMTa / antaH preraNA se pANDIcerI meM yogirAja aravinda kA ziSyatva grahaNa kara unake aMgrejI graMthoM dvArA (lAiTas Ana di upaniSadAja tathA thaoNTasa oNn di tantrAja) upaniSadoM para tathA tantramArga para prakAza / yogirAja araviMda ke pUrNayoga-siddhAnta ke anusAra, Rgveda-siddhAMjanabhASya / ( bhUmikA sahita) 60 varSa kI Ayu meM likhA / vAsiSTha gaNapati muni kA caritra likhA tathA unakI racanAoM para TIkAeM likhii| "bhAratIstavaH " likha kara dazabhakti kA paricaya diyaa| aise dezabhakta yogI tathA vedarahasyajJa mahApuruSa kA dehAvasAna, san 1953 meM huA / brahmatithi kANva Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke pAMcave sUkta ke raciyatA / isa sUkta meM azvinI-devatAoM kI stuti kI gayI hai / brahmAnaMda sarasvatI - I. 17 vIM zatI / ye gauDa brahmAnaMda nAma se bhI vikhyAta haiN| mUlataH baMgAla prAnta ke nivAsI / paraMtu kAzI - kSetra meM rahate the| inake nArAyaNatIrtha tathA paramAnaMda sarasvatI do guru the / inhoMne brahmasUtra para muktAvali nAmaka tathA jaimini sUtra para mImAMsA caMdrikA nAmaka TIkA graMtha likhe haiN| inakA, advaitasiddhi para advaitacaMdrikA nAmaka TIkAgraMtha bahuta prasiddha hai| isa TIkA ke laghu tathA guru do bheda upalabdha haiN| laghurUpa, caMdrikA nAma se sarvatra vikhyAta hai / ina graMthoM ke atirikta, "advaitasiddhAMtavidyotana" nAmaka inakA aura eka graMtha hai| ye bhaTTa saMpradAyAnugAmI mImAMsaka the| bhagavaMta kavi ( bhagavaMtarAya gAMgAdhari ) samaya 1687 se 25 - 1711 I. ke Asa pAsa / ye narasiMha ke ziSya tathA zAhajI rAjA bhosale ke putra ekojI (zivAjI ke sautele bhAI) ke mukhya saciva gaMgAdharAmAtya ke putra the| inhoMne apane caMpU kAvya meM apanA paricaya diyA hai| anya kRtiyAM rAghavAbhyudaya (nATaka) mukuMdavilAsa ( kAvya ) aura uttararAmacampU (vAlmIki rAmAyaNa para AdhArita ) bhagavatprasAda svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya ke saMsthApaka tathA uddhava ke avatAra mAne gae brahmAnaMda svAmI (1837 vi. 1866 vi.) ke pautra / inhoMne apane saMpradAya ke anusAra bhAgavata kI vyAkhyA likhI jisakA 'bhaktaraMjanI' nAma hai| yaha vyAkhyA bhagavatprasAda ke putra bihArIlAla kI AjJA se 1940 vi. 1883 I. meM prakAzita huI hai| isakA racanA kAla 1850 I. ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| I Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - - bhagavadAcArya svAmI I. 20 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / Apane "bhAratapArijAtam" nAmaka 26 sarga ke mahAkAvya kI, loka-jAgRti- hetu, racanA kii| isa mahAkAvya meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kA caritra varNita hai| svAmIjI janmataH bihArI the| ahamadAbAda meM ApakA dIrghakAla nivAsa rhaa| bhArata pArijAta ke atirikta pArijAtApahAra aura pArijAtasaurabha nAmaka gAMdhI caritra se saMbaMdhita racanAeM tathA brahmasUtravaidikabhASya aura sAmasaMskArabhASya nAmaka Apake graMtha prakAzita haiM / hue = bhagIrathaprasAda tripAThI - I. 20 vIM zatI / upanAma - vAgIza / janmagrAma - vilaiyA (ma.pra.) ke khuraI sTezana ke samIpa, jilA sAgara pUrA kuTumba saMskRta bhASAbhASI saMskRta vi.vi. vArANasI se vyAkaraNAtmaka zodhaprabandha para "vidyAvAcaspati" kI upAdhi | saMskRta vi. vi. vArANasI meM anusandhAna saMcAlaka / "sArasvatI suSamA" nAmaka patrikA ke pradhAna sampAdaka / hindI tathA saMskRta meM bahuvidha rcnaaeN| "kRSakANAM nAgapAzaH " nAmaka rUpaka ke praNetA / For Private and Personal Use Only bhaTTa akalaGka vyAkaraNa- racayitA / svayaM usa para maMjarI - makaranda nAmnI TIkA likhii| TIkA kA prAraMbhika bhAga landana meM surakSita / samaya lagabhaga vi.saM. 700 / - bhaTTa akalaMka jaina darzana ke eka aacaary| ye digaMbara matAvalaMbI jaina AcArya the| samaya- I. 8 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha / inake 3 laghu graMtha prasiddha haiN| laghIyastra, nyAya-vinizcaya evaM pramANa - sNgrh| tInoM hI graMthoM kA pratipAdya viSaya jaina-nyAya hai| inake atirikta bhaTTa akalaMka ne kaI jaina graMthoM ke bhASya bhI likhe hai / tattvArtha sUtra para "rAjavArtika" va AptamImAMsA para " aSTazatI" ke nAma se inhoMne TIkA-graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| bhaTTa guNaviSNu pitA-dAmukAcArya samaya 16 vIM zatI se / pUrva / racanA - maMtrabrAhmaNa kA bhASya / bhaTTagopAla I. 9 vIM shtii| ye saMgItajJa the| inhoMne saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 385

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tAlazAstra para tAladIpikA nAmaka graMtha aura bharata ke nATyazAstra bhaTTanAyaka - I. 10 vIM shtii| kAvya-zAstra ke AcArya / ke kucha aMzoM para TIkA likhI hai| "rAjatarAMgaNI' meM ullekhita bhaTTanAyaka se bhinna / "hRdaya-darpaNa" bhaTTa goviMdasvAmI - aitareya brAhmaNa ke bhASyakAra / samaya-saMbhavataH nAmaka (anupalabdha) graMtha ke prnnetaa| inake mata, abhinavabhAratI, navama zatAbdI se puurv| devagrantha kI puruSakAra vyAkhyA ke kartA vyakti-viveka, kAvya-prakAza, kAvyAnuzAsana mANikyacaMdra-kRta zrIkRSNa-lIlAzuka muni, aura medhAtithi (anukramataH) spaSTa kAvyaprakAza kI saMketa-TIkA meM uddhata haiN| bhaTTanAyaka ne rUpa se aura aspaSTa rUpa se bhaTTa govinda svAmI kA nirdeza bharatakRta "nATyazAstra" kI bhI TIkA likhI thii| bharata muni karate haiN| govinda svAmI ne saMbhavataH bodhAyana dharmasUtra para bhI ke rasa-sUtra ke tRtIya vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM bhaTTanAyaka kA bodhAyanIya dharmavivaraNa likhA hogaa| nAma kAvyaprakAza meM AtA hai| inhoMne rasavivecana ke kSetra meM bhaTTa tauta - abhinavaguptAcArya ke guru| "kAvyakautuka" nAmaka "sAdhAraNIkaraNa" ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kara bhAratIya kAvya kAvya-zAstraviSayaka graMtha ke prnnetaa| isa graMtha meM inhoMne zAMtarasa zAstra ke itihAsa meM yuga-pravartana kiyA hai| ko sarvazreSTha rasa siddha kiyA hai| "abhinavabhAratI' ke aneka inakA samaya I. 9 vIM zatI kA aMtima caraNa yA 10 vIM sthaloM meM abhinavagupta ne bhaTTa tauta ke mata ko "upAdhyAyAH" zatI kA prathama caraNa hai| inake rasaviSayaka siddhAMta ko yA "guravaH" ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| unake ullekha se bhuktivAda kahate haiN| tadanusAra na to rasa kI utpatti hotI hai vidita hotA hai ki bhaTTa tauta ne nATya-zAstra kI TIkA bhI aura na anumiti, api tu bhukti hotI hai| inhoMne rasa kI likhI thii| bhadra tauta kA racanA kAla 950 I. se 980 ke sthiti sAmAjikagata mAnI hai| bhaTTanAyaka ke anusAra zabda bIca mAnA jAtA hai| mokSaprada hone ke kAraNa, inake matAnusAra, kI tIna vyApAra haiM- abhidhA, bhAvakatva va bhojakatva / bhojakatva zAMtarasa sabhI rasoM meM zreSTha hai| nAmaka tatIya vyApAra ke dvArA rasa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| abhinavagupta ne inakA smaraNa "abhinavabhAratI" tathA isI ko bhaTTanAyaka "bhuktivAda" kahate haiN| bhojakatva kI "dhvanyAloka-locana" meM zraddhApUrvaka kiyA hai| nATyazAstra-viSayaka sthiti, rasa ke bhoga karane kI hotI hai| isa sthiti meM darzaka inakI gaMbhIra mAnyatAeM bhI uddhata kI gaI haiN| zAnta rasa ke ke hRdaya ke rAjasa va tAmasa bhAva sarvathA tirohita ho jAte vivaraNa ko mUla pATha kI mAnyatA denA, rasa kI anukaraNazIlatA haiM aura (unheM dabA kara) sattvaguNa kA udreka ho jAtA hai| kA virodha, kAvya evaM nATya meM rasa-pratipAdana Adi viSayoM bhaTTanAyaka dhvani-virodhI AcArya haiN| inhoMne apane "hRdaya-darpaNa' para, inake apane siddhAnta haiN| apane samaya ke ve prakhyAta nAmaka graMtha kI racanA dhvani ke khaMDana ke liye hI kI thii| nATyazAstrIya vyAkhyAtA- AcArya mAne jAte the| inake "dhvanyAlokalocana" meM bhaTTanAyaka ke mata aneka sthAnoM para "kAvyakautuka" para abhinavagupta ne vivaraNa bhI likhA thaa| bikhare hue haiN| unase patA calatA hai ki inhoMne dhvani-siddhAMta durbhAgya se ye donoM graMtha aprApya hai| hemacandra ne "kAvyakautuka" / kA khaMDana, baDI hI sUkSmatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| ye kAzmIra-nivAsI se tIna padya uddhRta kiye hai| isase isa graMtha ke astitva ko the| inake "hRdaya-darpaNa' kA ullekha mahimabhaTTa kRta prAmANika AdhAra milatA hai| bhaTTa tauta kA samaya 10 vIM ___ "vyakti-viveka" meM bhI hai| zatI kA pUrvArdha rahA hogA, kyoMki abhinava gupta kA kAla bhaTTanAyaka, nATyazAstra ke bhI pramukha vyAkhyAtA haiN| abhinavagupta 10 vIM zatI ke uttarArdha se 11 vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha tk| ne chaH sthAnoM para inakA ullekha kiyA hai| jayaratha, mAhimabhaTTa mAnA jAtA hai| tathA ruyyaka ne bhI inakA ullekha kiyA hai| ye dhvani-siddhAnta abhinavagupta ne apane vyAkhyAna sandarbho meM kIrtidhara, ke virodhI AcArya the| kAzmIra ke rAjA avantivarmA (855-884 bhaTTagopAla, bhAguri, priyAtithi, bhaTTazaMkara Adi AcAryoM kA I.) inake AzrayadAtA the| ataH saMbhava hai ki ye Anandavardhana bhI ullekha kiyA hai parantu inake viSaya meM adhika jAnakArI nahIM hai| ke samakAlIna rahe hoN| rasazAstra ke vyAkhyAna-krama meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa rasaniSpatti kI prakriyA kA vivecana, bhaTTa tauta ne isa prakAra ke udbhAvaka tathA bhuktivAda ke pravartaka rUpa meM Apa prasiddha haiN| kiyA hai :- "kAvya kA viSaya zrotA ke AtmasAt hone para bhaTTanArAyaNa - I. 7 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / braahmnn-kul| vaha pratyakSa hone kI saMvedanA hotI hai tathA usameM rasaniSpatti zAMDilya gotr| kannauja se baMgAla jA bse| "veNI-saMhAra" hotI hai| isa para zaMkuka dvArA uThAye gaye AkSepoM kA bhaTTa nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| inake jIvana kA pUrNa vivaraNa prApta tauta ne nivAraNa kiyA hai| nahIM hotaa| inakI ekamAtra kRti "veNIsaMhAra" upalabdha hotI kSemeMdra, hemacaMdra, somezvara Adi saMskRta sAhityakAra, bhaTTa hai| inakA dUsarA nAma (yA upAdhi) "mRgarAjalakSma" thaa| eka tauta ke matoM kA apane-apane graMthoM meM ullekha karate haiN| anuzruti ke anusAra vaMgarAja AdizUra dvArA gauDa deza meM abhinavagupta ke vicAroM para bhaTTa tauta ke matoM kA prabhAva Arya-dharma kI pratiSThA karAne ke liye bulAye gaye pAMca brAhmaNoM parilakSita hotA hai| meM bhaTTanArAyaNa bhI the| rAjA ne inheM nAma mAtra mUlya para kucha 386 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ta gAva diye| kucha itihAsavettAoM kA mata hai ki baMgAla kA ThAkura-rAjavaMza inhIM se prAraMbha huaa| "veNI-saMhAra" ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ye vaiSNava saMpradAya ke kavi the| "veNIsaMhAra" ke bharatavAkya se patA calatA hai ki ye kisI sahRdaya rAjA ke Azrita rahe hoNge| pAzcAtya paMDita sTena kono ke kathanAnusAra ve rAjA AdizUra Adityasena the, jinakA samaya 671 I. hai| ramezacaMdra majUmadAra bhI mAdhavagupta ke putra Adityasena kA samaya 675 I. ke lagabhaga mAnate haiM, jo zaktizAlI hokara svataMtra ho gae the| AdizUra ke sAtha saMbaddha hone ke kAraNa, bhaTTanArAyaNa kA samaya 7 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| vilsana ne "veNI-saMhAra" kA racanA-kAla 8 vIM yA 9 vIM zatI mAnA hai| paraMparA meM eka zloka milatA hai - ___ 'vedabANAGgazAke tu nRpo'bhuuccaadishuurkH| vasukarmAGgake zAke gauDe vipraH samAgataH" / / isake anusAra AdizUra kA samaya 654 zakAbda (yA 732 I.) hai para vidvAnoM ne chAnabIna karane ke bAda Adityasena va AdizUra ko abhinna nahIM mAnA hai| baMgAla meM pAla-vaMza ke abhyudaya ke pUrva hI AdizUra hue the, aura pAla-vaMza kA abhyudaya 750-60 I. ke Asa-pAsa huA thaa| "kAvyAlaMkAra-sUtra" meM bhaTTanArAyaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH inakA samaya I. 8 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha siddha hotA hai| subhASita-saMgrahoM meM inake nAma se aneka padya prApta hote haiM jo "veNI-saMhAra" meM upalabdha nahIM hote| isase jJAta hotA hai ki "veNI-saMhAra" ke atirikta inakI anya kRtiyAM bhI rahI hoNgii| daMDI ne apanI 'avanti-suMdarI kathA" meM ullekha kiyA hai ki bhaTTanArAyaNa kI 3 kRtiyAM haiN| pro. gajeMdragaDakara ke anusAra "dazakumAracarita" kI pUrvapIThikA ke racayitA bhaTTanArAyaNa hI the| "jAnakI-haraNa" nAmaka nATaka kI eka pAMDulipi kI sUcI inake nAma se prApta huI hai para katipaya vidvAn isa vicAra ke haiM ki ye graMtha kisI anya ke haiN| bhaTTanArAyaNa ko ekamAtra "veNI-saMhAra" kA hI praNetA mAnA jA sakatA hai| ___ "veNI-saMhAra" meM mahAbhArata ke yuddha ko varNya-viSaya banAkara use nATaka kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| aMta meM gadA-yuddha meM bhImasena duryodhana ko mAra kara usake rakta se raMjita apane hAthoM dvArA draupadI kI veNI (keza) kA saMhAra (gUMthanA) karatA hai| isI kathAnaka kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa kavi ne ise "veNI-saMhAra" kI saMjJA dii| AlocakoM ne inake "veNI-saMhAra" ko nATya-kalA kI dRSTi se doSapUrNa mAnA hai para isakA kalA-pakSa yA kAvya-tattva sazakta hai| inakI zailI para kAlidAsa mAgha va bANa kA prabhAva hai| rAtri (nizA) kA suMdara varNana karane ke kAraNa, inheM "nizA-nArAyaNa" yaha aparanAma subhASita-saMgraha-kAroM ne diyaa| bANa ke kahane para ve bauddhaziSya hokara usa mata meM pAraMgata hue aura dharmakIrti (bauddha) ko parAjita kiyaa| "rUpAvatAra" yaha racanA bhaTTanArAyaNa tathA dharmakIrti kI batAI jAtI hai| bhaTTa bhAskarAcArya - I. 11 vIM shtii| ujjayinI ke nivaasii| sAyaNAcArya aura devayajvAcArya ke pUrvakAlIna bhaTTa bhAskarAcArya, apane kAla ke baDe udbhaTa veda-bhASyakAra the| sAyaNa ke pUrvavartI, asya vAmIyasUkta ke bhASyakAra AtmAnanda bhI bhaTTa bhAskarAcArya kA nirdeza karate haiN| taittirIya saMhitA para "jJAnayajJa" nAmaka bhASya ke samAna, brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka Adi graMthoM para bhI bhaTTa bhAskara ke bhASya haiN| ve kauzika gotrI telagu brAhmaNa the| unake zivopAsaka hone kA anumAna hai| apane bhASya meM eka-eka zabda ke aneka artha bhaTTa bhAskara dete haiN| maMtroM ke AdhyAtmika artha bhI unakI bhASyaracanA meM upalabdha haiN| vaidikI svaraprakriyA kA unheM prazasta jJAna thaa| bhaTTa mathurAnAtha zAstrI - samaya 1890 se 1960 ii.| pitA dvArakAnAtha zarmA prakAMDa paMDita the| saMskRta-patrikA "bhAratI" ke prAraMbha se sNpaadk| jayapura ke nivaasii| inhoMne sAhityAcArya va vyAkaraNazAstra kI zikSA prApta kI thI, tathA jayapura ke vikhyAta mahArAjA saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya ke prophesara va adhyakSa( saMskRta-sAhitya-vibhAga) ke pada ko bhUSita kiyA thaa| zrI. zAstrI ko kavi ziromaNi, sAhityavAridhi, sAhityAlaMkAra kaviratna, kavisArvabhauma, kavi-samrAT ityAdi upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA thaa| rAjasthAna ke saMskRta-kaviyoM meM inakI gaNanA prathama zreNI meM kI jAtI hai| prakAzita kRtiyAM - 1. sAhityavaibhava, 2. govindavaibhava, 3. jayapuravaibhava, 4. saMskRtagAthAsaptazatI (hAlakRta gAthA saptazatI kA saMskRta anuvAda), 5. tripurasundarIstavarAja, 6. maMjukavitAnikuMjam, 7. IzvaravilAsitam, ___ aprakAzita kRtiyAM - 1. AryANAmAdibhASA, 2. kAzmIrakamahAkavivihnaNastasya kAvyaM ca, 3. saMskRtasudhA, 4. bhaartvaibhvm| saMpAdita kRtiyAM haiM- 1. rasagaMgAdhara, 2. IzvaravilAsakAvya, 3. kAdambarI, 4. dhAtuprayogapArijAta, 5. zilAlekhalalantikA, 6. padyamuktAvalI aadi| "sAhityavaibhavam" meM Adhunika viSayoM para hindI-urdU chaMdoM meM grathita kAvya-racanAeM kara saMskRta meM AdhunikatA lAne kA prathama prayAsa Apane kiyaa| kAvya ke premiyoM kI ora se unake isa prayAsa ko saMmizra pratisAda prApta huaa| "sAhityavaibhavam" para inhoMne svayaM hI "sahacarI' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| aneka viSayoM para ApakI sphuTa racanAeM bhI haiM - sAmAjika-1. ekavAra darzanam, 2. dayanIyA, 3. anAdRtA / praNaya saMbaMdhI - pratidAnam, 2. diikssaa| aitihAsika- 1. saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 387 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMgulimAla, 2. pururAjapauruSam, 3. bhAratadhvajaH, 4. vijayighaNTA; 5. atyAcAriNaH pariNAmaH, 6. pRthvIrAja- pauruSam, 7. AlhA ca Udalaca, 8, siMhadurge siMhaviyogaH, 9. vIravANI, 10. kRtrimabUMdI, 11. sAmantasaMgrAma, 12. ciramamare dve balidAne, 13. anuptaapH| vividha - 1. karuNA (kapotI ca yuvatI ca), 2. dAnI dineshH| hAsyaparaka- 1. lAlA-vyAyogaH, 2. capaNDukaH, 3. ziSyANAM phaalgungosstthii| bhAvanAtmaka aura manovaijJAnika - 1. satyo bAlacaraH, 2. viSamAH samasyAH, 3. bAlakabhRtyaH, 4. mnolhrii| bhaTTa lollaTa (AparAjiti) - ye bharatakRta "nATyazAstra" ke prasiddha TIkAkAra va utpattivAda nAmaka rasa-siddhAMta ke pravartaka haiN| saMprati inakA koI bhI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hotA, para abhinavabhAratI, kAvya-prakAza (4-5), kAvyAnuzAsana, dhvanyAloka-locana, mallinAtha kI taralA TIkA aura goviMda ThAkura-kRta "kAvya-pradIpa" (4-5) meM inake vicAra va uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| rAjazekhara va hemacaMdra ke graMthoM meM inake kaI zloka "AparAjiti" ke nAma se prApta hote hai| inase jJAta hotA hai ki inake pitA kA nAma aparAjita thaa| lollaTa nAma ke AdhAra para inakA kAzmIrI honA siddha hotA hai| ye udbhaTa ke paravartI the kyoM ki abhinavagupta ne udbhaTa ke mata kA khaMDana karane ke liye inake nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| bharata-sUtra ke vyAkhyAkAroM meM inakA nAma prathama hai| inake matAnusAra rasa kI utpatti anukArya meM( mUla pAtroM meM) hotI hai, aura gauNa rUpa meM anusaMdhAna ke kAraNa naTa ko bhI isakA anubhava hotA hai| vibhAva, anubhAva Adi saMyoga se anukArya gama Adi meM rasa kI utpatti hotI hai| unameM bhI vibhAva sItA Adi mukhya rUpa se inake utpAdana hote haiN| anubhAva usa utpanna rasa ke paripoSaka hote haiN| ataH sthAyI bhAvoM ke sAtha vibhAvoM kA utpAdya utpAdaka, anubhAvoM kA gamya-gamaka aura vyAbhicAriyoM kA poSya-poSaka saMbaMdha hotA hai| "kAvya-mImAMsA' meM bhaTTa lollaTa ke tIna zloka uddhRta haiN| kAvyaprakAza ke prAcIna vyAkhyAkAra mANikyacandra ne lollaTa tathA zaMkuka kI tulanA meM lollaTa ko hI rasazAstra kA mArmika paMDita mAnA hai| inhoMne kallaTa kI "spaMdakAritA" para "vRtti' nAmaka TIkA bhI likhI jisakA ullekha abhinavagupta ke parama ziSya kSemarAja ne kiyA hai| bhaTTavosari - dAmanandI ke shissy| vaidika dharma se jainadharma meM diikssit| dhArA nagarI kaarykssetr| samaya- I. 12 vIM shtii| graMtha-prAkRta bhASA meM "AryajJAna-tilaka" jo praznavidyA se saMbaddha hai| cikitsA aura jyotiSa kA yaha mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| graMthakAra ko hI isa para svopajJa eka saMskRta TIkA hai| bhaTTa vrajanAtha - puSTimArgIya siddhAMtAnusAra brahmasUtra para likhI huI "marIcikA" nAmaka mahattvapUrNa vRtti ke lekhk| bhaTTa zrInivAsa - gvaaliyr-nivaasii| samaya- I. 20 vIM shtii| inakI kRtiyAM- zrInivAsasahasra, raMgarAjastavarAja, bhagavaviMzati, aura mAdhavarAva- siMdhiyA- prazastiH prakAzita haiN| zrInivAsasahasram 10 zatakoM kA, vividha chandoM me viracita, eka prauDha, sarasa tathA upaniSad va purANakathAoM ke sandarbho se paripUrNa stotra hai| bhaTTi * samaya I. 7 vIM shtii| "bhaTTi-kAvya" yA "rAvaNa-vadha" nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| inhoMne saMskRta meM zAstra-kAvya likhane kI paraMparA kA pravartana kiyA hai| ye mUlataH vaiyAkaraNa va alaMkArazAstrI haiM jinhoMne sukumAramati ke yA kAvya-rasikoM ko vyAkaraNa va alaMkAra kI zikSA dene ke liye apane mahAkAvya kI racanA kI thii| unake kAvya kA mukhya uddezya hai vyAkaraNa-zAstra ke zuddha prayogoM kA saMketa karanA, jisameM ve pUrNataH saphala hue haiN| katipaya vidvAnoM ne "bhaTTi" zabda ko "bhartR" zabda kA prAkRta rUpa mAna kara unheM bhartRhari se abhinna mAnA hai| DaoN. bI. sI. majUmadAra ne 1904 I. meM 'jarnala oNpha da raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI' (pR. 306 epha) meM eka lekha likha kara yaha siddha karanA cAhA thA ki bhaTTi, maMdasaura- zilAlekha ke vatsabhaTTi tathA 'zatakatraya' ke bhartRhari se abhinna hai| para isakA khaMDana DA. kItha ne, usI patrikA meM 1909 I. meM lekha likha kara kiyA thaa| (pR. 455) / DaoN. esa. ke. De ne apane graMtha "hisTrI oNph saMskRta liTarecara" meM kItha ke kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai| ___ bhaTTi ke jIvana-vRtta ke bAre meM kucha bhI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI kiMtu apane mahAkAvya ke aMta meM unhoMne jo zloka likhA hai, usase vidita hotA hai ki bhaTTi ko valabhI-nareza zrIdhara sena kI sabhA meM adhika sammAna prApta hotA thaa| zilAlekhoM meM valabhI ke zrIdhara sena saMjJaka 4 rAjAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prathama kA kAla 500 I. ke lagabhaga va aMtima kA kAla 650 I. ke Asa-pAsa hai| zrIdhara dvitIya ke eka zilAlekha meM bhaTTi nAmaka kisI vidvAn ko kucha bhUmi dI jAne kI bAta ullikhita hai| isa zilAlekha kA samaya 610 I. ke Asa-pAsa hai| ataH mahAkavi bhaTTi kA samaya 7 vIM zatI ke madhya kAla se pUrva nizcita hotA hai| ye bhAmaha aura daMDI ke pUrvavartI haiN| vidvAnoM ne inakI gaNanA alaMkArazAstriyoM meM kI hai| bhaTTi ne apane mahAkAvya meM kAvya kI saralatA kA nirvAha karate hae pAMDitya kA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai| usameM mahAkAvyocita sabhI tattvoM kA suMdara nibaMdha hai, aura pAtroM ke caritra-citraNa meM utkaSTa koTi kI pratibhA kA paricaya hai| yatra-tatra ukti-vaicitrya ke dvArA bhI bhaTTi ne apane mahAkAvya ko sajAyA hai| isa kAvya kA prakAzana mallinAtha kI "jayamaMgalA" TIkA ke 388 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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I sAtha, nirNayasAgara presa baMbaI se 1887 I. meM huA thA / bhaTTojI dIkSita I. sa. 1570 se 1635 / pitA- lakSmIdhara bhaTTa AMdhrapradeza ke rahanevAle, tathA vijayanagara ke rAjA ke Azrita mahArASTrIya braahmnn| unake do putra the bhaTTojI tathA raMgojI bhaTTojI kI prAraMbhika zikSA apane pitA ke sAnnidhya meM huii| pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt ve prathama jayapura tathA vahAM se kAzI gye| kAzI meM unhoMne zeSakRSNa nAmaka guru ke nikaTa vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana kiyaa| vidyAdhyayana pUrNa karane ke pazcAt inhoMne gRhasthAzrama svIkAra kiyaa| usake bAda unhoMne somayAga kiyaa| somayAga karane kAraNa unheM bhaTTojI "dIkSita" ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAne lgaa| inhoMne pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI kI "siddhAMta kaumudI" nAmaka grantha ke rUpa meM punarracanA kii| vyAkaraNazAstra ke adhyayana ke liye yaha siddhAta kaumudI atyaMta mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI hai| isa graMtha ne vyAkaraNa ke adhyApana kSetra meM nayA moDa upasthita kiyaa| bhaTTojI ne apane siddhAMtakaumudI - graMtha para svayaM "prauDhamanoramA" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| isake atirikta inhoMne pANini sUtroM (aSTAdhyAyI para zabdakaustubha" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| bhaTTojI vedAMtazAstra tathA dharmazAstra ke pragADha paMDita the| vyAkaraNazAstra ke atirikta inhoMne advaitakaustubha AcArapradIpa, Ahnikam kArikA, kAlanirNayasaMgraha, gotrapravaranirNaya, dAyabhAga, taMtrAdhikAranirNaya, zrAddhakAMDa Adi 34 graMtha likhe haiM / bhaTTojI ke vIrezvara tathA bhAnu nAmaka do putra tathA varadAcArya, nIlakaMTha zukla, rAmAzrama tathA jJAneMdra sarasvatI nAmaka ziSya the| inake pautra hari dIkSita ne "prauDha manoramA" para do TIkAeM likhI haiM jinake nAma haiM: bRhacchabdaratna" va "laghuzabdaratna" / inameM se dvitIya prakAzita hai aura sAMpratika vaiyAkaraNoM meM adhika lokapriya hai "zabdakaustubha" para 7 TIkAeM aura "siddhAntakaumudI" para 8 TIkAeM prApta hotI haiN| "prauDha manoramA " para paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne "manoramA kucamardinI" nAmaka (khaMDanAtmaka) TIkA likhI hai| I - kAzI ke paMDita bhaTTojI ko nAgadevatA kA avatAra mAnate haiN| nAgapaMcamI ke dina vahAM ke chAtra "bar3e guru kA, choTe guru kA nAga lo nAga" kahate hue nAga ke citroM kI bikrI karate hai| bar3e guru se pataMjali tathA choTe guru se bhaTTojI kI ora saMketa hai| inake saMbaMdha meM eka kiMvadaMtI isa prakAra pracalita haiinakI, kAzI meM vidyAlaya sthApita karane kI icchA apUrNa raha jAne se, mRtyu ke bAda ye brahmarAkSasa hokara apane ghara hI rahane lge| parivAra ke loga isase trasta ho gaye tathA unhoMne makAna chor3a diyaa| kucha varSoM ke bAda kAzI meM vidyAdhyayana ke uddezya se Aye hue do brAhmaNa ghUmate ghUmate usa makAna ke bhItara phuNce| unhoMne chaparI para bhaTTojI ko baiThe hue dekhaa| bhaTTojI ne una donoM se kuzala kSema pUchakara unake nivAsa tathA bhojana kI vyavasthA kii| donoM brAhmaNoM ne usa "bhUta mahala" meM 7-8 varSa rahakara bhaTTojI ke mArgadarzana meM vyAkaraNazAstra kA adhyayana pUrNa kiyaa| taba bhaTTojI ne unheM apanA satya svarUpa kathana kiyaa| donoM chAtroM ne jaba apane guru kA zAstravidhi se kriyAkarma pUrNa kiyA taba bhaTTojI ko mukti milii| bhaTTotpala I. 10 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / kAzmIra nivAsI, zaiva / jyotiSazAstra ke mahAn AcArya / inhoMne varAhamihira ke yAtrA, bRhajjAtaka, laghujAtaka tathA bRhatsaMhitA nAmaka graMthoM para TIkAgraMtha likhe haiN| inhoMne brahmagupta ke khaMDakhAdyaka tathA SaTpaMcAzikA para bhI TIkAeM likhI haiN| kalyANavarmA ke apUrNa rahe sArAvali graMtha ko inhoMne pUrNa kiyA / - inhoMne praznajJAna arthAt AryAsaptatI nAmaka praznagraMtha kI bhI racanA kI hai| alberunI, inake dvArA racita kucha anya graMthoM kA bhI ullekha karate haiM paraMtu ve abhI taka upalabdha nahIM hue haiN| bhayyAbhaTTa kRSNabhaTTa ke putra / samaya I. 17 vIM zatI / racanA- takrarAmAyaNa / viSaya kAzIsthita rAma kA varNana / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - For Private and Personal Use Only bharata mallika I. 17 vIM zatI bhUrizreSThI (baMgAla) ke kalyANamalla ke samAzrita gaurAMga sena ke putra / kRtiyAM - ekavarNArthasaMgraha, dvirUpadhvani saMgraha, liMgAdi saMgraha, mugdhabodhinI ( amarakoza kI vRtti), upasargavRtti, kArakollAsa, drutabodha vyAkaraNa tathA sukhalekhana ye vyAkaraNa graMtha / inhoMne raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava meghadUta, zizupAlavadha, naiSaya, paTakarpara aura gItagoviMda para TIkAeM likhIM jinakA nAma 'subodhA' hai| bhaTTikAvya kI TIkA kA nAma hai mugdhabodhinI / bharatamuni bhAratIya kAvyazAstra, nATyazAstra va anya lalita kalAoM ke Adya aacaary| inakA suprasiddha graMtha hai "nATyazAstra", jo apane viSaya kA "mahAkoza" hai| inakA samaya adyAvadhi vivAdAspada hai| DA. manamohana ghoSa ne "nATyazAstra" ke AglAnuvAda kI bhUmikA meM bharatamuni ko kAlpanika vyakti mAnA hai (1950 I. meM raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI baMgAla dvArA prakAzita ) kintu aneka paravartI graMthoM meM unakA ullekha hone ke kAraNa yaha dhAraNA nirmUla siddha ho cukI hai | mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne apane nATaka "vikramorvazIya" meM unakA ullekha kiyA hai (2-18) / azvaghoSakRta "zAriputra prakaraNa" para nATyazAstra" kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| azvaghoSa kA samaya vikrama kI prathama zatI hai| ataH bharata muni kA kAla, vikrama pUrva siddha hotA hai| inhIM pramANoM ke AdhAra para katipaya vidvAnoM ne unakA samaya vi.pU. 500 I. se 100 I. taka mAnA hai| haraprasAda zAstrI ne inakA AvirbhAva kAla IsA pUrva 2 rI zatI mAnA hai, jaba ki prabhAkara bhAMDArakara aura pizela ke matAnusAra inakA kAla kramazaH cauthI aura chaTavIM zatI hai| - saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 389

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esa.ke. De kA kahanA hai ki mala "nATyazAstra" meM parivartana maruta devatA ne uThA liyA tathA ve use duSyaMtaputra bharata ke hote rahe haiM aura usakA vartamAna rUpa use I. 8 vIM zatI meM nikaTa le gye| usa samaya bharata dvArA putra-prApti ke liye prApta huA hogaa| marutastoma nAmaka yajJa kA Ayojana kiyA gayA thaa| marut ne bharatamuni ke do nAma milate haiN| vRddha bharata yA vaha zizu bharata ko arpaNa kara diyaa| bharadvAja baDe huye taba Adibharata tathA bharata / racanAeM bhI do haiN| nATyavedAgama tathA unhoMne bharata ke liye eka yajJa kiyaa| phalasvarUpa chaThavAM naattyshaastr| nATyavedAgama ko dvAdazasAhasrI aura nATyazAstra maMDala bharadvAja tathA unake vaMzajoM dvArA racita hai| bharadvAja kI ko SaTsAhasrI kahA gayA hai| dvAdazasAhasrI saMbhavataH vRddhabharata RcAyeM atyaMta ojapUrNa haiN| kucha RcAoM kA Azaya isa kI racanA ho| aba isake kevala 36 adhyAya upalabdha haiN| prakAra hai - vRddhabharata racita zlokoM ko nizcayapUrvaka pahacAnanA azakyaprAya "hama uttama vIroM sahita sahasroM varSoM taka AnaMdapUrvaka hai| zAradAtanaya kA kathana hai ki donoM racanAeM ekasAtha hI jIvita rheNge| hamArI deha pASANavat kaThina ho|" likhI gaI haiM tathA choTI racanA kevala saMkSepa hai| bharadvAja gobhakta the| Rgveda ke chaThaveM maMDala kA 28 vAM ___ "nATyazAstra" sabase purAtana saMskRta racanA hai| usameM na sUkta 'gosUkta' nAma se vikhyAta hai jisakI eka RcA kA aiMdra vyAkaraNa tathA yAskAcArya ke uddharaNa hai, na pANini ke| Azaya isa prakAra hai:bhASA prayoga bhI kucha ArSa haiN| viSayacarcA bhI ArSa paddhati aneka jAtiyoM kI kalyANaprada savatsa gAyeM hamAre gozAlAoM kI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usakA lekhaka, "muni" kI upAdhi meM vidyamAna raha kara uSaHkAla meM iMdra ke liye dugdha-sravaNa kreN| se sAdara nirdiSTa hai| bharatamuni ko kahIM kahIM sUtrakRta bhI inake vedAdhyayana ke saMbaMdha meM eka kathA isa prakAra hai :kahA gayA hai| purANoM kI kAlagaNanA ke anusAra inakA samaya saMpUrNa vedoM kA adhyayana karane kA prayAsa asaphala hone bahuta prAcIna hotA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki para bharadvAja ne iMdra kI stuti kii| unakI stuti se indra prasanna "nATyazAstra", rAmAyaNa mahAbhAratAdi ke samaya yA usake anantara hue tathA unheM sau-sau varSoM ke tIna janma pradAna kiye| tInoM kI racanA ho sakatI hai| sUtrakAla ke bAda hI jaba zAstra janma inhoMne vedAdhyayana karane meM vyatIta kiye| jaba tIsare vivaraNa chandobaddha hone lagA taba isakI racanA huI hogii| janma ke aMtima dinoM meM bharadvAja maraNAsanna sthiti meM the, taba ___ bharata muni bahuvidha pratibhAsaMpanna vyakti jJAta hote haiN| unhoMne indra unake nikaTa padhAre aura unhoMne bharadvAja se pUchA- "yadi nATyazAstra, saMgIta, kAvyazAstra, nRtya Adi viSayoM kA atyaMta tumheM aura eka janma kI prApti huI to tuma kyA kroge'| vaijJAnika va sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai| unhoMne sarvaprathama cAra bharadvAja ne uttara diyA - "maiM vedAdhyayana kruuNgaa'| alaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA thA- upamA, rUpaka, dIpaka va ymk| nATaka ko dRSTi meM rakhakara unhoMne rasa kA nirUpaNa taba indra ne tIna parvatoM kA nirmANa kiyA tathA pratyeka kiyA hai, aura abhinaya kI dRSTi se 8 hI rasoM ko mAnyatA parvata kI eka-eka mUchi miTTI lekara tathA usameM se eka-eka dI hai| unakA rasanirUpaNa atyaM prauDha va vyAvahArika hai| isI kaNa bharadvAja ko dikhAkara kahA, "vedoM kA jJAna ina tIna prakAra saMgIta ke saMbaMdha meM bhI unake vicAra atyaMta prauDha siddha parvatoM ke barAbara hai tathA tumane jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai vaha ina tIna kaNoM ke barAbara hai| ataH tuma eka aura janma kI hote haiN| prApti hone para bhI pUrNa vedAdhyayana nahIM kara skoge|" bharatasvAmI - I. 13 vIM shtii| ye kAzyapagotra ke brAhmaNa the| pitaa-naaraaynn| maataa-yjnydaa| ye dakSiNa ke zrIraMgam ke iMdra dvArA parAvRtta kiye jAne para bhI bharadvAja ne sau rahanevAle the| ye hoyasala-rAjavaMza ke rAmanAthanRpati (1263-1310 varSoM ke eka aura janma kI mAMga kii| unakI jJAnaniSThA dekhakara I.) ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne sAmaveda para bhASya likhA hai| indra atyaMta prasanna hue tathA sarala upAya se vedajJAna prApti jo isI nRpati ke kAla meM likhA jAne kA nirdeza inhoMne ke liye sAvitrAgnividyA bharadvAja ko sikhlaaii| isa prakAra apane bhASya meM kiyA hai| bharatasvAmI kA prastuta bhASya atyaMta bharadvAja vedajJAtA hue| saMkSipta hai| sAmavidhAnAdi brAhmaNoM para bhI bharatasvAmI ne bhartRprapaMca - Adya zaMkarAcAryajI ke pUrvavartI vedAMtAcAyoM meM bhASyaracanA kI hai| ye bhedAbheda-siddhAMta ke pakSapAtI the| zaMkarAcAryajI ne inake inake bhASya meM aitareya brAhmaNa aura AzvAlAyana sUtra kA / mata kA ullekha tathA khaMDana bRhadAraNyaka ke bhASya meM kiyA adhika nirdeza hotA hai| bharatasvAmI ne AcArya mAdhava se / hai (2-3-6, 2-5-1, 3-4-2, 4-3-30) / inakA mata hai ki paryApta sahAyatA lI hai| paramArtha eka bhI hai tathA nAnA bhI hai| brahma rUpa meM eka aura bharadvAja - pitA- bRhspti| maataa-mmtaa| inake janma ke bAda jagadrUpa meM nAnA hai| jIva nAnA tathA paramAtmA kA ekadeza hI inake mAtA-pitA inheM chor3akara cale gye| usa arbhaka ko mAtra hai| kAma, vAsanAdi jIva ke dharma haiN| ataH dharma tathA 390/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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dRSTi ke bheda se jIva kA nAnAtva aupAdhika nahIM hai, api tu vAstavika hai| brahma eka hone para samudra-taraMga nyAya se dvaitAdvaita hai jisa prakAra samudra-rUpa se samudra kI ekatA hai, parantu vikAra-rUpa taraMga, bubuda Adi kI dRSTi se vahI samudra nAnAtmaka hai| inake matAnusAra paramAtmA tathA jIva meM aMzAMzi-bhAva athavA ekadeza-ekadezibhAva siddha hotA hai| inhoMne kaTha tathA bRhadAraNyaka- upaniSada para bhASya likhe haiN| bAdarAyaNa-pUrva AcAryoM kI bhedAbheda- paraMparA kA anusaraNa bhartRprapaMca ne apane graMthoM meM kiyA hai| bhargaprAgAtha - Rgveda ke 8 veM maMDala ke 60 tathA 61 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| ina sUktoM meM agni tathA iMdra kI stuti hai| 61 veM sUkta ke, "yata indra bhayAmahe" RcA se prAraMbha hone vAlI 13 se 18 RcAyeM, zAMtipATha-maMtra hai| grahabAdhA ke nivAraNArtha tathA apazakunAdi ke parihArArtha isa maMtra kA japa karate haiN| bhartRmeNTha - "hayagrIva-vadha" nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| yaha kAvya abhI taka anupalabdha hai kiMtu isake zloka kSemeMdra-racita "suvRttatilaka", bhojakRta "sarasvatI-kaMThAbharaNa' va 'zrRMgAraprakAza" evaM "kAvya-prakAza" prabhRti rItigraMthoM va sUkti-graMthoM meM uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| inakA vivaraNa kalhaNa kI "rAjataraMgiNI" kahate haiM ki meMTha hAthIvAn the| meMTha zabda kA artha bhI mahAvata hotA hai| logoM kA anumAna hai ki vilakSaNa pratibhA ke kAraNa ye mahAvata se mahAkavi bana ge| inake AzrayadAtA kAzmIra-nareza mAtRgupta the| inakA samaya I. 5 vIM zatI hai| sUkti-graMthoM meM kucha pada "hastipaka' ke nAma se prApta hote haiN| unheM vidvAnoM ne bhartRmeNTha kI hI kRti svIkAra kiyA hai| inakI prazaMsA meM dhanapAla kA eka zloka milatA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra hAthI mahAvata ke aMkuza kI coTa khAkara binA sira hilAye nahIM rahatA, usI prakAra bhartameNTha kA kAvya zravaNa kara sahRdaya vyakti AnaMda se vibhora hokara sira hilAye binA nahIM rhtaa| ___ "rAjataraMgiNI" meM kahA gayA hai ki apane "hayagrIva-vadha" kAvya kI racanA karane ke pazcAt meMTha kisI guNagrAhI rAjA kI khoja meM nikale aura kAzmIra-nareza mAtRgupta kI sabhA meM jAkara unhoMne apanA kAvya sunaayaa| kAvya kI samApti hone para bhI mAtRgupta ne unake kAvya ke guNa-doSa ke saMbaMdha meM kucha bhI nahIM khaa| rAjA ke isa maunAlaMbana se meMTha ko baDA dukha huA aura ve apanA kAvya veSTana meM bAMdhane lge| isa para rAjA ne kAvya-graMtha ke nIce sone kA thAla isa bhAva se rakha diyA ki kahIM kAvya-rasa bhUmi para na jaay| rAjA kI isa sahRdayatA va guNagrAhakatA ko dekha meMTha baDe prasanna hue, unhoMne use apanA satkAra mAnA tathA rAjA dvArA dI gaI saMpatti ko punarukta ke sadRza samajhA (rAjataraMgiNI, 3-264-266) / inake saMbaMdha meM aneka kaviyoM kI prazastiyAM prApta hotI haiN| bhartRyajJa - IsA pUrva 8 vIM shtii| eka prAcIna bhASyakAra / medhAtithi ne inakA ullekha kiyA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne kAtyAyana-zrautasUtra tathA gautama-dharmasUtra para bhASya likhA hai| prA. baladeva upAdhyAya ke matAnusAra ye pAraskara gRhyasUtra ke prAcInatama bhASyakAra haiN| agnihotra kI dIkSA grahaNa karane kA adhikAra kise hai isa viSaya meM bhartRyajJa ke mata kA ullekha trikAMDamaMDana ne apane ApastaMbasUtra dhvanitArthakArikA meM kiyA hai| bhartRhari (rAjA) - samaya - I. 7 vIM shtii| eka saMskRta kvi| inake AvirbhAva kAla ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda hai| inakA vizvasanIya caritra bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| daMtakathAoM, lokagAthAoM tathA anya sAmagriyoM se inakA jo caritra upalabdha hotA hai vaha isa prakAra hai - ye ujjayinI ke rAjA, tathA 'vikramAditya' upAdhi dhAraNa karanevAle dvitIya caMdragupta ke baMdhu the| pitA-caMdrasena / patnI-piMgalA / inhoMne nIti, vairAgya tathA zrRMgAra ina tIna viSayoM para kramazaH zataka-kAvya likhe haiN| tInoM hI zatakoM kI bhASA rasapUrNa aura suMdara hai| ukta zatakatraya ke atirikta, 'vAkyapadIya' nAmaka eka vyAkaraNa viSayaka vidvanmAnya graMtha bhI bhartahari ke nAma para prasiddha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki nAthapaMtha ke vairAgya nAmaka upapaMtha ke ye hI pravartaka haiN| cInI yAtrI itsiMga ke kathanAnusAra inhoMne bauddha-dharma grahaNa kiyA thA paraMtu anya sUtroM ke anusAra ye advaita vedAntAcArya haiN| inake jIvana se saMbaMdhita eka kiMvadantI isa prakAra hai - ___eka bAra bhartRhari apanI patnI piMgalA ke sAtha zikAra khelane ke liye jaMgala meM gaye the| vana meM bahuta samaya taka bhaTakane ke bAda bhI unake hAtha koI zikAra nahIM lgii| nirAza hokara donoM ghara lauTa rahe the, taba unheM hiranoM kA eka jhuNDa dikhAI diyaa| jhuNDa ke Age eka mRga cala rahA thaa| bhartRhari ne usa para prahAra karane ke liye jyoM hI apane hAtha kA bhAlA Upara uThAyA, piMgalA ne pati ko kahA- "mahArAja, yaha mRgarAja 17 sau hiraniyoM kA pati aura pAlanakartA hai| isaliye Apa usakA vadha mata kiijiye| bhartRhari ne patnI kI bAta nahIM mAnI aura usane hirana para acUka zUla pheMka kara maaraa| hirana jamIna para gira pddaa| prANa choDate-choDate usane kahA- "tumane yaha ThIka nahIM kiyaa| aba jo maiM kahatA hUM usakA pAlana kro| merI mRtyu ke bAda mere sIMga zrRMgIbAbA ko do, mere netra caMcala nArI ko do, merI tvacA sAdhu-saMtoM ko do, mere paira bhAgane vAle coroM ko do aura mere zarIra kI miTTI pApI rAjA ko do|" saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 391 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hirana kI bAta sunakara bhartRhari kA hRdaya dravita huaa| ke harivarma rAjA ke Azrita / inake dvArA racita graMtha - hirana kA kalevara ghoDe para lAda kara vaha mArgakramaNa karane 1. vyavahAratilaka (nyAyAlayIna kAryapaddhati kA vivaraNa), lgaa| rAste me gorakhanAtha se bheMTa huii| bhartRhari ne unheM sArA 2. karmAnuSThAnapaddhati, (dazakarmapaddhati yA dazakarmadIpikA nAma kissA sunAyA, tathA unase prArthanA kI ki ve hirana ko jIvita se bhI isa graMtha kA ullekha hotA hai| viSaya hai- sAmaveda kreN| gorakhanAtha ne kahA- "eka zarta para meM ise jIvanadAna kA adhyayana karane vAle brAhmaNoM ko jina dasa pramukha dhArmika duuNgaa| isake jIvita hone para tumheM merA ziSyatva svIkAra karanA vidhiyoM kA pAlana karanA paDatA hai, unakA vivaraNa), 3. pddegaa|" rAjA ne gorakhanAtha kI bAta mAna lii| bhartRhari ne prAyazcittanirUpaNa (vissy-dhrmshaastr)| 4. tautAtita- matatilaka, vairAgya kyoM grahaNa kiyA yaha batalAnevAlI aura bhI kiMvadantiyAM hai| viSaya- kumArila bhaTTa ke dRSTikoNa se pUrvamImAMsA darzana graMtha daMtakathAeM unheM rAjA tathA vikramAditya kA jyeSTha bhrAtA ke siddhAntoM kA spssttiikrnn| yaha graMtha likhate samaya inhoMne batAtI haiN| kintu katipaya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki unake graMthoM "bAlavalabhI-bhujaMga" chadmanAma dhAraNa kiyA hai| yaha mImAMsAdarzana meM rAjasI bhAva kA puTa nahIM, ataH unheM rAjA nahIM mAnA jA kA pramANabhUta graMtha hai| ye vAstuzAstra ke bhI jJAtA the| inhoMne sktaa| adhikAMza vidvAnoM ne cInI yAtrI itsiMga ke kathana eka maMdira tathA tAlAba banavAyA thaa| meM AsthA rakhate hue, unheM mahAvaiyAkaraNa (vAkyapadIya ke bhavasvAmI (bhavadeva svAmI) - yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA praNetA) bhartRhari se abhinna mAnA hai| para Adhunika vidvAn ke bhASyakAra bhaTTabhAskara dazama zatAbdI meM hue| unhoMne bhavasvAmI aisA nahIM maante| inake graMthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki inheM aisI kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ata eva bhavasvAmI kA samaya dazama priyatamA se nirAzA huI thI jise ye bahuta cAhate the| zatAbdI ke pUrva mAnanA caahiye| trikANDamaNDanakAra kezavasvAmI "nIti-zataka" ke prAraMbhika zloka meM bhI nirAza prema kI ne bhI bhavasvAmI kA nirdeza kiyA hai| trikANDa-maNDana 11 vIM jhalaka milatI hai| kiMvadaMtI ke anusAra prema meM dhokhA khAne zatAbdI kA graMtha hai| isa pramANa se bhI bhavasvAmI kA samaya para inhoMne vairAgya grahaNa kiyA thaa| inake tInoM hI zataka dazama zatAbdI ke pahile ho sakatA hai| bhavasvAmI ne taittirIya saMskRta kAvya kA utkRSTatama rUpa prastuta karate haiN| inake kAvya saMhitA, taittirIya brAhmaNa aura bodhAyanasUtra para vivaraNa likhA kA pratyeka padya apane meM pUrNa hai, aura usase zrRMgAra, nIti hai| kezava svAmI tathA bodhAyana-kArikAkAra gopAla bhI inakA yA vairAgya kI pUrNa abhivyakti hotI hai| inake aneka padya nirdeza karate haiM, kiMtu inake graMtha anupalabdha haiN| vyaktigata anubhUti se anupraNita haiM tathA unameM Atma-darzana bhavabhUti (uMbekAcArya) - samaya- I. 7-8 vIM shtii| kA tattva pUrNarUpa se parilakSita hai| ye apane yuga ke eka sazakta evaM viziSTa nATakakAra hI nahIM bhartRhari (vaiyAkaraNa) - "vAkyapadIya' nAmaka vyAkaraNa graMtha the, api tu sAMkhya, yoga, upaniSad va mImAMsA prabhRti vidyAoM ke prnnetaa| paM. yudhiSThira zarmA mImAMsaka ke anusAra inakA meM bhI niSpAta the| inake AlocakoM ne inake saMbaMdha meM kaTu samaya vi.pU. 400 varSa hai| puNyarAja ke anusAra inake guru uktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA thaa| unase kSubdha hokara bhavabhUti ne kA nAma vasurAja thaa| ye "zatakatraya" ke racayitA bhartRhari __unheM cunautI dI thI, ki nizcaya hI eka yuga aisA AyegA, se bhinna haiN| inake dvArA racita anya graMtha haiM- mahAbhASya-dIpikA, jaba unake samAnadharmA kavi utpanna hokara unakI kalA kA bhAgavRtti (aSTAdhyAyI kI vRtti), mImAMsA-vRtti aura Adara kareMge, kyoM ki kAla niravadhi yA ananta hai aura pRthvI shbd-dhaatu-miimaaNsaa| bhI vizAla hai (mAlatI- mAdhava, aMka prthm)| vaha prasiddha bhavatrAta - bhavatrAta AcArya ne jaiminIya brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka zloka isa prakAra hai :ke samAna jaiminIya zrautasUtra para bhASyaracanA kI hai| jaiminIya ye nAma kecidiha naH prathayantyavajJA brAhmaNa kA dUsarA nAma aSTa-brAhmaNa hai| isa para bhavatrAtAcArya jAnanti te kimapi tAn prati naiSa yatnaH / ne bhASyaracanA kI hai| utpatsyate'sti mama ko'pi samAnadharmA ye bhavatrAta, devatrAta (aparanAma varAhadeva yA varAhakAya kAlo hyayaM niravadhirvipulA ca pRthvii|| devatrAta) se saMbaMdhita the yA nahIM isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| bhavabhUti ne apane nATakoM kI prastAvanA meM apanA paryApta bhavadeva - SaDaGgarudra ke bhaassykaar| inhoMne zukla yajurveda para paricaya diyA hai| inakA janma kazyapa-vaMzIya uduMbara nAmaka bhI bhASya-racanA kI hai jo truTita rUpa meM upalabdha hai| guru brAhmaNa-parivAra meM huA thaa| ye vidarbha (mahArASTra) ke aMtargata kA nAma bhvdev| nivAsa-gaMgAtaTavartI paTTana nAmaka nagara meN| padmapura ke nivAsI the| inakA kula kRSNayajurveda kI taittirIya bhavadeva maithila the| bhavadeva ke nivedana ke anusAra "rudra-vyAkhyA' zAkhA kA anuyAyI thaa| inake pitAmaha kA nAma bhaTTa gopAla unhoMne uvaTAdi prAcIna AcAyoM ke anusAra likhii| thA jo mahAkavi the| pitA-nIlakaMTha, mAtA-jatukarNI (athavA bhavadeva bhaTTa - samaya-I. 11 vIM zatI / baMgAla ke varma-vaMza jaatuukrnnii)| inhoMne apanA sarvAdhika vistRta paricaya 392 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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"mahAvIra-carita" kI prastAvanA meM prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne svayaM apane zrIkaNTha nAma kA saMketa kiyA hai| isI prakAra kA paricaya, kiMcit parivartana ke sAtha, unake "mAlatI-mAdhava" nATaka meM bhI prApta hotA hai| inhoMne apane guru kA nAma jJAnanidhi diyA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki devI pArvatI kI prArthanA meM banAye gaye eka zloka se prabhAvita hokara tatkAlIna paMDita-maMDalI ne unheM "bhavabhUti' kI upAdhi pradAna kI thii| "mAlatI-mAdhava" ke TIkAkAra jagaddhara ke anusAra bhI inakA nAma zrIkaNTha thA bhavabhUti nAma se ve prasiddha hue- "nAmnA zrIkaNThaH prasiddhayA bhavabhUtiH" isa saMbaMdha meM eka ati mahattvapUrNa prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki kyA bhavabhUti uMbekAcArya se abhinna the| "mAlatI-mAdhava' ke eka hastalekha ke tRtIya aMka kI puSpikA meM isake lekhaka kA nAma uMbeka diyA gayA hai| uMbeka mImAMsA zAstra ke prasiddha / vidvAn kumArila bhaTTa ke ziSya the| unhoMne kumArila racita "zlokavArtika" kI TIkA bhI likhI thii| ma.ma.kuppusvAmI zAstrI, ma.ma.pAM.vA. kANe tathA esa.Ara. rAmanAtha zAstrI, uMbeka va bhavabhUti ko eka hI vyakti mAnate haiN| paM. baladeva upAdhyAya bhI isI mata kA samarthana karate haiN| kiMtu DA. kunhana rAjA va ma.ma.DA. mirAzI ne bhavabhUti va uMbeka ko bhinna vyakti mAnA hai| kunhana rAjA to bhavabhUti ke mImAMsaka hone para bhI saMdeha prakaTa karate haiN| unake anusAra bhavabhUti kA Agraha vedAMta para adhika thA kiMtu DA. rAjA kA yaha mata isa AdhAra para khaMDita ho jAtA hai ki bhavabhUti ne svayaM apane ko "padavAkya-pramANajJa" kahA hai| DA. mirAzI ke anusAra uMbeka kA racanA-kAla 775 I. hai, aura bhavabhUti 8 vIM zatI ke Adi caraNa meM hue the| bhavabhUti va uMbeka kI ekatA prAcIna kAla se hI calI A rahI hai| ataH donoM ko pRthak vyakti svIkAra karanA ThIka nahIM hai| bhavabhUti ne apane nATakoM kI prastAvanA meM apanA samaya nirdiSTa nahIM kiyA hai| ataH inakA kAla-nirNaya bhI vivAdAspada banA huA hai| inake bAre meM prathama ullekha vAkpatirAja kRta "gauDavaho' meM milatA hai| isameM kavi ne bhavabhUti rUpI sAgara se nikale hue kAvyAmRta kI prazaMsA kI hai (779) / vAkpatirAja, kAnyakubja-nareza yazovarmA ke sabhAkavi the, jinakA samaya 750 I. hai| bhavabhUti bhI jIvana ke aMtima dinoM meM rAjA yazovarmA ke Azrita ho gae the| "rAjataraMgiNI" meM likhA hai ki yazovarmA kI sabhA meM bhavabhUti Adi kaI kavi the. (4-144) / vAmana ke 'kAvyAlaMkAra" meM bhavabhUti ke padya uddhRta haiN| vAmana kA samaya 8 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha yA 1 vIM zatI kA caturthAMza hai| ataH bhavabhUti kA samaya 7 vIM zatI kA aMtima caraNa yA 8 vIM zatI kA prathama caraNa ho sakatA hai| bhavabhUti kI kevala tIna racanAeM prApta hotI haiM mAlatI-mAdhava (kalpita kathAtmaka prkrnn)| mahAvIra-carita (nATaka) va uttararAmacarita (nATaka), donoM nATaka rAma-kathA para AdhArita haiN| 'uttararAmacarita' unakI sarvazreSTha va aMtima racanA hai| isameM sItAnirvAsana kI karuNa gAthA varNita hai| bhavabhUti ke saMbaMdha meM aneka kaviyoM kI uktiyAM prApta hotI hai| rAjazekhara ne inheM vAlmIki kA avatAra batAyA hai| bhavabhUti, "nATakakAroM ke kavi" kahe jAte haiN| kAlidAsa ke sAtha inheM saMskRta kA sarvocca nATakakAra mAnA jAtA hai| inheM vizuddha nATakakAra nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoM ki inakI adhikAMza racanAeM gIti-nATya (lirikala DrAmA) hai| bhavabhUti kI bhAva-pravaNatA, unakI kalA kA prANa hai| inake bhAva-pakSa meM vaividhya va vistAra dikhAI paDatA hai| kAlidAsa kI bhAMti ye kevala bhAvoM ke hI kavi nahIM hai| inhoMne komala ke sAtha hI sAtha gaMbhIra va kaThora bhAvoM kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| inakI zailI kA pramukha vaiziSTya, usakI udAttatA hai| bhASA para inakA adhikAra hai| inhoMne choTe-baDe vividha chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kSemeMdra ne zikhariNI chaMda ke prayoga meM inakI prazaMsA kI hai| inameM alaMkAra-vaicitrya bhI adhika pAyA jAtA hai| kucha AlocakoM ne nATakakAra ke rUpa meM inheM ucca koTi kA nahIM mAnA hai aura inake aneka doSo kA nirdeza kiyA hai| kiMtu katipaya doSoM ke hote hue bhI bhavabhUti saMskRta bhASA-sAhitya ke gaurava haiN| bhavabhUti ke bAre meM eka kiMvadaMtI isa prakAra hai :- eka bAra bhavabhUti apane uttararAmacarita nATaka ke prati kAlidAsa kA abhiprAya jAnane ke liye gye| usa samaya ve causara khela rahe the| unhoMne bhavabhUti ko nATaka paDhakara sunAne ko khaa| kAlidAsa ne nATaka kI prazaMsA kI paraMtu usake eka zloka ke eka zabda se anusvAra haTA dene kI sUcanA kii| zloka isa prakAra hai - kimapi kimapi mandaM mandamAsattiyogAd aviralitakapolaM jalpatorakrameNa / azithilaparirambhavyApRtaikaikadoSNoH aviditagatayAmA rAtrirevaM vyrsiit|| isa zloka ke caturtha caraNa ke "evaM" zabda se anusvAra haTA dene kI kAlidAsa kI sUcanA bhavabhUti ne svIkAra kara lii| isase usakA sudhArita rUpa isa prakAra huA___ "rAtrireva vyrNsiit"| isake kAraNa zabda ke abhidhArtha ke sthAna para hadya vyaMgyArtha utpanna huaa| "evaM" sahita isa caraNa kA mula artha thA- "vArtAlApa meM magna isa prakAra rAta samApta ho gyii"| paraMtu "eva" ke kAraNa rAtri hI samApta huI paraMtu premAlApa samApta nahIM huA, yaha vyaMgyArtha dhvanita huaa| bhavabhUti-kathA - 1 bhavabhUti ke pitA kA nAma nIlakaNTha thaa| unhoMne apane putra kA nAma zrIkaNTha rkhaa| (zrIkaNTha saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 393 For Private and Personal Use Only

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padalAMchanaH) parantu Age calakara eka zloka meM zrIkaNTha ne "bhavabhUti" zabda kA suMdara prayoga kiyaa| vaha zloka hai : tapasvI kAM gato'vasthAmiti smerAviva stnau| vande gaurIdhanAzleSa-bhavabhUti-sitAnanau / Azaya yaha hai- pArvatI dvArA bhagavAn zaMkara kA pragADha AliMgana karane para unake zarIra para carcita vibhUti se devI ke stana zveta have, mAno ve haMsa ko kaha rahe hoM ki isa tapasvI kI avasthA premavaza kyA ho gaI hai| kucha TIkAkAra anya racanA kI aura nirdeza kara yahI nAmAntara darzAte haiN| vaha zloka hai - sAmbA punAtu bhavabhUtipavitramUrtiH isa kAraNa se vaha "bhavabhUti" nAma se hI prasiddha hue| bhavAnanda siddhAntavAgIza - I. 17 vIM shtii| bNgaalnivaasii| racanAeM- tattvaciMtAmaNidIpikA, pratyagAlokasAramaMjarI, tattvacintAmaNiTIkA aura kArakavivecana (vyAkaraNa- viSayaka) bhavAlakara, zrImatI vanamAlA (DA.) - janma-san 1914 meM, belagAMva meN| mAtRbhASA- knndd| zikSA marAThI mAdhyama se| muMbaI vi.vi. se bI.e. tathA ema.e. prathama zreNI meN| "mahAbhArata meM nArI" viSaya zodhaprabandha para madhyapradeza ke sAgara vi.vi. se DaoNkTareTa aura usI vi.vi. meM saMskRta kI praadhyaapikaa| vahIM se pravAcaka-pada se sevAnivRtta / nATyAbhinaya tathA nirdezana meM nipuNa / vAdyasaMgIta meM ruci / u.pra. zAsana dvArA inakA "pAdadaNDa" nAmaka nATaka purskRt| kRtiyAM- pAdadaNDa, rAmavanagamana aura pArvatI-paramezvarIya nAmaka tIna naattk| bhallaTa - I. 8 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / kAzmIra-nivAsI kvi| inakA 'bhallaTazataka' nAmaka kAvyagraMtha upalabdha hai| mammaTa, kSemeMdra, abhinavagupta, AnaMdavardhana Adi prasiddha saMskRta-kaviyoM ne apane-apane aMlakAra-graMthoM meM uttama kAvya ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM inakI kAvya-paMktiyAM uddhRta kI haiN| "bhallaTazataka' meM muktaka padya haiM aura unameM anyokti kA prAdhAnya hai| adhyayana, anusaMdhAna tathA adhyApana-kArya ko hI inakA jIvana samarpita thaa| san 1965 meM inakI haidarAbAda (siMdha prAnta) ke hAyaskUla meM inakI mukhyAdhyApaka pada para niyukti huii| paraMtu vahAM se zIghra hI ratnAgiri ke hAyaskUla meM inakA usI pada para sthAnAMtaraNa huaa| san 1868 meM elphinsTana kaoNleja meM saMskRta ke prAdhyApaka niyukta hue| san 1882 meM Dekkana kaoNleja meM sevArata hue aura 1893 meM sevAnivRtta hue| ye saMskRta-paMDita tathA purAtattvasaMzodhaka the| tAmralekha-paThana, prAkRta bhASAoM tathA brAhmI tathA kharoSThI lipiyoM kA adhyayana kara inhoMne una viSayoM para aneka nibaMdha prakAzita kiye| inake isa kArya kA mahattva anubhava kara san 1879 meM sarakAra ne purAtana saMskRta lekhoM ke saMzodhana kA dAyitva ina para sauNpaa| ina saMzodhanalekhoM ke pAMca saMgraha prakAzita hae haiN| san 1885 meM jarmanI ke gArijama-vizvavidyAlaya ne inheM pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi pradAna kii| san 1891 meM sarakAra ne inheM sI.Aya.I. kI upAdhi se gauravAnvita kiyaa| san 1893 meM ve muMbaI-vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati niyukta huye| Ayu ke 80 varSa pUrNa karane ke upalakSa meM inake ziSyoM ne san 1917 meM "bhAMDArakara smAraka lekhasaMgraha", smaraNikA ke rUpa meM prakAzita kara inheM samarpita kiyaa| usI samaya puNe meM "bhAMDArakara prAcyavidyAsaMzodhana maMdira" nAmaka eka saMsthA kI sthApanA kI gyii| Aja yaha saMsthA inakI saMskRta vAGmaya sevA tathA purAtattva anusandhAna kA mahAn keMdra hai| inhoMne isa saMsthA ko apanA bahumUlya saMskRta-graMthoM kA saMgraha arpita kiyaa| isa saMsthA ne mahAbhArata kI saikaDoM pANDulipiyoM kA anusaMdhAna kara saMpUrNa mahAbhArata kI zuddha prati taiyAra kI aura use prakAzita karane kA pracaNDa kArya pUrNa kiyA hai| __inake "arlI hisTarI oNpha di Dekkana" tathA "vaiSNavijma, zaivijma eNDa adara mAyanara rilijasa sekTsa' nAmaka do graMtha atyaMta prasiddha haiN| inhoMne 'mAlatI-mAdhava' graMtha para TIkA tathA zAleya chAtroM ke liye saMskRta vyAkaraNa kI pustakeM likhIM jo atyaMta lokapriya thiiN| bhAguri - saMskRta ke prAcIna vaiyaakrnn| yudhiSThira mImAMsakajI ke anusAra inakA samaya 4000 vi. pU. hai| vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI inake katipata navIna vacanoM ke uddharaNa, jadIza tarkAlaMkArakRta "zabdazakti-prakAzikA' meM prApta hote haiN| saMbhavataH inake pitA kA nAma bhAgura thaa| vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki bhAguri kA vyAkaraNa, "aSTAdhyAyI" se bhI vistRta thaa| "zabdazakti-prakAzikA" meM uddhRta vacanoM se jJAta hotA hai ki inake vyAkaraNa kI racanA zlokoM meM huI thii| inakI kRtiyoM ke nAma haiM- bhAguri-vyAkaraNa, sAmavedIya zAkhA brAhmaNa, alaMkAra-graMtha, trikANDa-koDa, sAMkhya-bhASya va daivata graMtha / bhAguri kI pratibhA bahumukhI thI aura unhoMne aneka zAstroM kI racanA kI thii| bhAMDArakara, rAmakRSNa gopAla (DA.) (sara) . I. 1837-1925 / eka zreSTha navya vidvAn tathA gaveSaka / ratnAgiri jile ke mAlavaNa nAmaka grAma meM jnm| sArasvata braahmnn| sana 1858 meM muMbaI ke elphinsaTana kAleja se bI.e. kI parIkSA uttIrNa kii| san 1858 meM inheM dakSiNA-phelozipa prApta huii| unhoMne puNe ke vartamAna Dekkana kAleja meM 5-6 varSoM taka saMskRta kA sUkSma adhyayana kiyaa| san 1863 meM inhoMne saMskRta meM ema.e. kiyaa| inhoMne saMskRta kA adhyayana pAzcAtya anusaMdhAna paddhati se kiyA thaa| isa paddhati se inhoMne nyAya, vedAnta, vyAkaraNa Adi gahana viSayoM kA bhI adhyayana kiyaa| eka saMzodhaka tathA cikitsaka saMskRta-paMDita ke nAte inakI kIrti phailii| 394 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAtakhaNDe, viSNu nArAyaNa - janma- 10-8-1860 / mRtyu / 19-9-1936 / saMgIta-zAstra ke mahAn paNDita tathA saMgIta sevA meM nirata prakhyAta kAryakartA / hindI, marAThI, aMgrejI, gujarAtI, urdU tathA saMskRta (chaha) bhASAoM para prabhutva / vividha bhASAoM meM kiyA huA saMgIta viSayaka lekhn| saMgIta ke jAnakAroM ke liye upyukt| inhoMne abhinava-rAgamaMjarI tathA abhinava tAlamaMjarI nAmaka do racanAeM "viSNuzarmA" upanAma se kI haiN| baDodA, gvAliyara, tathA lakhanaU meM Apane saMgIta zAstra ke adhyayanArtha vidyAlaya sthApana kie| aneka sthAnoM meM saMgIta pariSadoM ko Ayojita kara, saMgIta zAstra viSayaka carcAsatra kie aura saMgIta zAstra ko kAlocita vyavasthita rUpa pradAna kiyaa| zrImallakSyasaMgItam yaha apanA saMskRta graMtha caturapaNDita upanAma se prakAzita kiyaa| ataH inheM "caturapaMDita" kahate haiN| nAgapura meM inake smaraNArtha caturasaMgIta vidyAlaya sthApita huA hai| hiMdusthAnI saMgIta paddhati nAmaka inake dvArA nirmita sakhaMDa sarvatra lokapriya haiN| isa graMthamAlA meM 181 rAga tathA 1875 gItoM kA svaralipi sahita saMkalana karane kA apUrva kArya paM. bhAtakhaMDejI ne kiyA hai| bhAnudatta (bhAnukara mizra yA bhAnumitra) - samaya- 13-14 vIM shtii| inhoMne apane graMtha "rasa-maMjarI" meM svayaM ko "videhabhUH" likhA hai jisase inakA maithila honA siddha hotA hai| pitA gaNezvara kavi the| inhoMne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai:- rasa-maMjarI, rasa-taraMgiNI, alaMkAra-tilaka, citra-caMdrikA, gIta-gaurIza, muhUrtasAra, rasa-kalpataru, kumArabhArgavIya Adi / "zrRMgAra-dIpikA'' nAmaka eka anya graMtha bhI inhIM kA mAnA jAtA hai| ___ "rasa-maMjarI" nAyaka-nAyikA-bheda viSayaka atyaMta prauDha graMtha hai| isakI racanA sUtra-zailI meM huI hai aura svayaM bhAnudatta ne isa para vistRta vRtti likhakara use adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| nAdhaka spaSTa kiyA hai| isa para AcArya gopAla ne 1428 I. meM "viveka' nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI hai| Adhunika yuga meM paM. badrInAtha zarmA ne "sarabhi" nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI haiM jo caukhaMbA vidyAbhavana se prakAzita hai| AcArya jagannAtha pAThaka kRta isakI hindI vyAkhyA bhI vahIM se prakAzita ho cukI hai| bhAnudatta kI prasiddhi mukhyataH "rasa-maMjarI" va "rasa-taraMgiNI" ke kAraNa haiN| ye rasavAdI AcArya hai| "rasa-taraMgiNI' kA hiMdI TIkA ke sAtha prakAzana veMkaTezvara presa muMbaI se huA hai| bhAmaha - samaya- I. 6 vIM zatI kA mdhy| "kAvyAlaMkAra" nAmaka graMtha ke prnnetaa| aneka. AcAryoM ne daMDI ko bhAmaha se pUrvavartI mAnA hai para aba nizcita ho gayA hai ki daMDI bhAmaha ke paravartI the| bhAmaha ke vyaktigata jIvana ke bAre meM kucha bhI patA nahIM cltaa| apane kAvyAlaMkAra graMtha ke aMta meM inhoMne svayaM ko "rakrilagomin" kA putra kahA hai (6-64) / "rakrila" nAma ke AdhAra paNa kucha vidvAnoM ne inheM bauddha mAnA hai para adhikAMza vidvAn isase sahamata nahIM kyoM ki bhAmaha ne apane graMtha meM buddha kI kahIM bhI carcA nahIM kI hai| isake viparIta unhoMne sarvatra rAmAyaNa va mahAbhArata ke nAyakoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ataH ve nizcita rUpa se vaidika-dharmAvalaMbI brAhmaNa the| ve kAzmIra-nivAsI mAne jAte haiN| bhAmaha alaMkAra-saMpradAya ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| inhoMne alaMkAra ko hI kAvya kA vidhAyaka tattva svIkAra kiyA hai| inhoMne hI sarvaprathama kAvya-zAstra ko svataMtra zAstra kA rUpa pradAna kiyA aura kAvya meM alaMkAra kI mahattA svIkAra kii| bhAmaha ke anusAra binA alaMkAroM ke kavitA-kAminI usI prakAra suzobhita nahIM ho sakatI jisa prakAra AbhUSaNoM ke binA koI rmnnii| inhoMne rasa ko "rasavat" Adi alaMkAroM meM aMtarbhUta kara usakI mahattA kama kara dI hai| bhAratacandra rAya (guNAkara) - janma, I. 1712 meM, baMgAla ke hugalI-janapada ke basantapura grAma meN| mRtyu san 1860 meN| nadiyA ke rAjA kaSNacandra rAya (1728-1782) ke sabhAkAvA 'gaNAkara' kI upAdhi se vibhuussit| saMskRta, phArasI, baMgalA, hindI tathA vrajabhASA meM prviinn| __ bardavAna ke rAjA dvArA jamInadArI chInI jAne ke bAda daridra avasthA meM mAmA ke yahAM inakA vAstavya rhaa| kaI varSoM pazcAt, jamInadArI mAMgane para kArAgRhavAsa huaa| kArAgAra ke adhikAriyoM kI sahAyatA se bhAga kara jagannAthapurI meM zaMkarAcArya ke maTha meM saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyaa| sambadhiyoM ke anurodha para punarapi gRhasthAzrama svIkAra kiyaa| parantu dAridraya ke kAraNa patnI ko mAyake bhejakara svayaM phrAnsIsI zAsakoM ke maMtrI indranArAyaNa caudharI ke samparka meM rhe| nadiyA ke rAjA kRSNacandra rAya kA Azraya indranArAyaNa kI madhyasthatA se milaa| kRSNacandra dvArA "mUlAjoDa" grAma meM bhAratacandra ke sapatnIka rahane kI vyavasthA kI gii| mUlAjoDa ke naye svAmI rAmadeva nAga dvArA atyAcAra hue paraMtu mUlAjoDa ke nivAsiyoM se premasambandha ke kAraNa vahIM vAstavya rhaa| saMskata katiyAMAnandamaMgala, vidyAsundara, mAnasiMha, corapaMcAzat, rasamaMjarI, satyApIDa, RtuvarNanA aura cnnddiinaattk| anya bhASA meM racanAeM- baMgalA rAdhAkRSNa ke premAlApa, gheDe baMDera kautuka, nAnAbhASA kI kavitAvalI, gopAla uDera, kavitAvalI aura naagaassttk| hindI kavitAvalI aura phrdrpht| bhAratIkRSNatIrtha (advaita- brahmAnanda) - vidyAraNya svAmI ke guru| san 1333 meM vidyAtIrtha mahezvara ke pazcAt zrRMgerI- pITha ke AcAryapada para AsIna hue| san 1346 meM vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka harihararAya ne vijayaprApti ke liye apane pAMcoM baMdhuoM ke sAtha zRMgerI kI yAtrA kI tathA bhAratI kRSNatIrtha kA AzIrvAda prApta kiyA thaa| vidyAraNya ne apane guru kA stavana isa prakAra kiyA hai - saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 395 For Private and Personal Use Only

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"sarveSAM tu prathamamukhadaM bhAratItIrthamAhuH" (jinhoMne mujhe sarvaprathama vANI dI ve bhAratatIrtha haiN)| mAdhavAcArya ko unake jIvana ke uttarArdha meM, bhAratItIrtha ne hI saMnyAsadIkSA tathA 'vidyAraNya'- abhidhAna diyaa| inhoMne vAkya-sudhA tathA vaiyAsikanyAyamAlA nAmaka do graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| "vAkya sudhA" kA dUsarA nAma "dRgdRzya- viveka'' hai| isa para brahmAnaMda bhAratI rathA AnaMdajJAna yati ne TIkAeM likhI haiN| bhAradvAja * pANini ke pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNa va aneka zAstroM ke nirmaataa| paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra inakA samaya 9300 varSa vi.pU. hai| inakI vyAkaraNa-viSayaka racanA "bhAradvAjataMtra' thI jo saMpatti upalabdha nahIM hai| "RktaMtra (1-4) meM inheM brahma, bRhaspati va iMdra ke pazcAt caturtha vaiyAkaraNa mAnA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI ullikhita hai ki bhAradvAja ko iMdra dvArA vyAkaraNa-zAstra kI zikSA prApta huI thii| iMdra ne unheM ghoSavata va uSma varNoM kA paricaya diyA thaa| (RkataMtra 1-4) "vAyu-karaNa' ke anusAra bhAradvAja ko purANa kI zikSA tRNaMjaya se prApta huI thii| (103-63) / kauTilya kRta "arthazAstra" se jJAta hotA hai ki bhAradvAja ne kisI arthazAstra kI bhI racanA kI thI (12-1) / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke anusAra unakA Azrama prayAga meM gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama para thA (ayodhyA kAMDa, sarga 54) / bhAradvAja bahupratibhAsaMpanna vyakti the| unakI aneka racanAeM haiM - bhAradvAja-vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda-saMhitA, dhanurveda, rAjyazAstra, arthshaastr| prakAzita graMtha-1. yaMtrasarvasva (vimAnazAstra) aura 2. shikssaa| inake prakAzaka kramazaH Arya zAkha) Ara 2. zikSA / 3naka prakAzaka kramazaH Aya sArvadezika pratinidhi sabhA, dillI tathA bhAMDArakara risarca insTiTyUTa, puNe haiN| bhAravi - samaya- 550 I. ke lgbhg| saMskRta-mahAkAvya ke itihAsa meM alaMkRta zailI ke pravartaka hone kA zreya inheM hI hai| "kirAtArjunIya" bhAravi kI ekamAtra amara kRti hai| inakA jIvana-vRtta abhI taka aMdhakAramaya hai| inakA samayanirdhAraNa pulakezI dvitIya ke samaya ke eka zilAlekha se hotA hai| isameM kavi ravikIrti ne apane AzrayadAtA kI prazasti meM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke sAtha bhAravi kA bhI nAma liyA hai aura svayaM ko kAlidAsa va bhAravi ke mArga para calane vAlA kahA hai| isa zilAlekha kA nirmANa kAla 634 I. hai| kavi ravikIrti ne 634 I. meM eka jaina-maMdira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki isa samaya taka bhAravi kA yaza dakSiNa meM phaila cukA thaa| bhAravi ke sthiti-kAla kA patA eka dAna-patra se bhI calatA hai| yaha dAna-patra dakSiNa ke kisI rAjA kA hai jisakA nAma pRthvIkoMgaNi thaa| isakA lekhana-kAla 698 zaka (770 I.) hai| isameM likhA hai ki rAjA kI 7 pIDhiyAM pUrva darvinIta nAmaka vyakti ne bhAravikRta "kirAtArjunIya" ke 15 veM sarga kI TIkA racI thii| isa dAna-patra se itanA nizcita ho jAtA hai ki bhAravi kA samaya I. 7 vIM zatI ke prathama caraNa ke bAda nahIM ho sktaa| vAmana va jayAditya kI "kAzikAvRtti" meM bhI, (jisakA kAla 650 I. hai), "kirAtArjunIya" ke zloka uddhRta haiN| bANabhaTTa ne apane "harSa-carita' meM apane pUrvavartI prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai kiMtu usa sUcI meM bhAravi kA nAma nahIM hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki 600 I. taka bhAravi utane prasiddha nahIM ho sake the| bhAravi para kAlidAsa kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai aura mAgha para bhAravi kA prabhAva par3A hai| ataH isa dRSTi se bhAravi, kAlidAsa ke paravartI va mAgha ke pUrvavartI siddha hote haiN| vidvAnoM ne bhAravi kA kAla I chaTI zatI svIkAra kiyA hai jo bANa ke 50 varSa pUrva kA hai| 'ataH 500 I. kI apekSA 550 I. ke lagabhaga hI bhAravi ke samaya ko mAnanA adhika yuktiyukta pratIta hotA hai' (saMskRta sAhitya kA itihaas-kiith)|| ___ rAjazekhara-kRta 'avaMti-suMdarIkathA' ke anusAra bhAravi parama zaiva the| 'kirAtArjunIya' kI kathA se bhI yaha bAta siddha hotI hai| rAjazekhara ne isa Azaya kA ullekha kiyA hai ki ujjayinI meM kAlidAsa kI bhAMti, bhAravi kI bhI parIkSA huI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki rasikoM ne bhAravi ke kAvya para mugdha hokara unheM 'AtapatrabhAravi' kI upAdhi dI thii| kirAtArjunIya ke eka zloka (5-39) se isakA pramANa prApta hotA hai| avaMtisuMdarIkathA meM bhAravi kA jo anya jIvanavRttAMta AyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai - bhArata ke vAyavya ke AnaMdapura nagara meM eka kauzikagotrI brAhmaNa parivAra rahatA thaa| kucha dinoM bAda isa parivAra ne nAsikya deza ke acalapura nAmaka nagara meM sthalAMtara kiyaa| isa parivAra ke nArAyaNa svAmI ko dAmodara nAmaka jo putra huA, vahI Age calakara bhAravi nAma se vikhyAta huaa| ___ acalapura ke rAjA viSNuvardhana ke sAtha bhAravi kA ghaniSTa saMbaMdha thaa| eka bAra rAjA ke sAtha ye zikAra khelane gye| vahAM inhoMne rAjA ke Agraha para mAMsabhakSaNa kiyaa| abhakSyabhakSaNa ke pAtaka ke vicAra se ye itane asvastha hue ki zikAra se ye sIdhe tIrthayAtrA ke liye cala pdde| tIrthayAtrA ke kAla meM inakA gaMga rAjavaMza ke durvinIta nAmaka rAjA se paricaya huA tathA unake nikaTa ve kucha kAla rhe| vahAM pallava-nRpati siMhaviSNu kI sutiparaka eka AryA likhii| vaha AryA eka gAyaka ke hAtha lgii| usane use siMhaviSNu kI rAjasabhA meM gAkara sunAyA rAjA prasanna huaa| usane kavi ke nAma-grAma kA patA lagAkara use apanI sabhA meM rAjakavi ke nAte Azraya diyaa| bhAravi ke mahAkAvya kirAtArjunIya se unakA jIvanaviSayaka dRSTikoNa prakaTa hotA hai| ve aihika vaibhava ko mahattvapUrNa mAnate 396 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra the / indra-arjuna saMvAda ke rUpa meM bhAravi ne apanA jIvanaviSayaka dRSTikoNa arjuna ke mukha se kahalavAyA hai jaba arjuna ne iMdra se zastroM kI mAMga kI taba iMdra kahate haiM- 'zastra kyA mAMgate ho, mokSa maaNgoN| isa para arjuna kahatA hai 'mujha jaise kSatriya ko vizeSataH apamAnadaMza se dagdha kSatriya ko yaha upadeza mata do| jaba taka meM apane zatruoM kA vinAza kara vaMza kI kIrti ko ujjvala nahIM karatA, taba taka yadi mujhe tumhArA mokSa prApta ho bhI gayA, to merI vijayasiddhi ke mArga meM vaha eka roDA hI siddha hogA' / inake viSaya meM nimra pracalita hai - www.kobatirth.org - bhAravi kI patnI ne eka bAra ghara ke dAridra ke bAre meM pati ko ulAhanA diyA / patnI kI bAta unake hRdaya ko cubhI / ve gRhatyAga kara niruddezya cala pdde| mArga meM eka taDAga ke kinAre vizrAma ke liye baitthe| vahAM unheM nimna zloka sphurita huA "sahasA vidadhIta na kriyAmavivekaH paramApadAM padam / vRNate hi vimRzyakAriNaM guNalubdhAH svayameva sampadaH / / " artha- koI bhI kArya binA soce-samajhe nahIM karanA cAhiye kyoM ki avicAra sabhI anartho kI jaDa hai| vivekI puruSa ke guNoM para mohita hokara lakSmI svayaM use varaNa karatI hai| jaise hI upayukta zloka bhAravi ke mukha se bAhara nikalA, nikaTavartI rAjadhAnI se mRgayArtha Aye hue eka rAjA ne use sunaa| ve prasanna huye tathA unhoMne bhAravi ko dUsare dina rAjasabhA meM upasthita rahane kA AmaMtraNa diyaa| tadanusAra bhAravi rAjaprAsAda ke dvAra para phuNce| dvArapAla ne unheM cIthar3oM meM dekhakara bhItara praveza karane kI anumati nahIM dii| rAjA ne bhAravi kA vaha zloka apane zayanakakSa meM suvarNAkSaroM meM aMkita karavAyA / eka bAra rAjA mRgayA se rAta ko bahuta derI se lauTe tathA sIdhe apane zayanakakSa meM phuNce| unhoMne paryaMka para rAnI ko kisI yuvA puruSa ke sAtha leTe hue dekhaa| unheM atyaMta krodha huaa| unhoMne donoM kA ziraccheda karane ke liye khaDga utthaayaa| usI samaya unakI dRSTi usa zloka para paDI / ataH unhoMne rAnI ko jagA kara usa yuvaka ke viSaya meM pUchatAcha kii| rAnI ne kahA "bIsa varSa pUrva khoyA huA yaha apanA putra Aja hI acAnaka AyA hai| dekho, kaisA zAMti se so rahA hai|" rAjA ne anubhava kiyA ki usa zloka ke kAraNa hI unake hAthoM avivekapUrNa kRti nahIM huii| ataH unhoMne bhAravi ko DhUMDha nikAlA tathA unheM vipula dhana se puraskRta kiyA / bhAravi ne ekamAtra mahAkAvya 'kirAtArjunIya' kI racanA kI hai, jisameM 'mahAbhArata' ( vanaparva) ke AdhAra para arjuna va kirAta - veSadhArI ziva ke yuddha kA varNana hai / 'kirAtArjunIya', saMskRta ke prasiddha paMcamahAkAvyoM meM ginA jAtA hai| bhAravi ke saMbaMdha meM subhASita-saMgrahoM meM katipaya prazAstiyAM prApta hotI hai| bhAravi ne apane mahAkAvya meM eka nayI zailI tathA nayI pravRtti kA sUtrapAta kiyA jisakA anukaraNa mAgha, ratnAkara, bhaTTi Adi paravartI kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| anumAna hai ki daMDI tathA bhAmaha ne Adarza mahAkAvya ke jo lakSaNa batAye haiM, ve bhAravi ke kirAtArjunIya mahAkAvya para AdhArita haiN| bhAvabhaTTa saMgItazaya jarnAdana bhaTTa ke putra / gAyaka tAnabhaTTa ke pautra, bIkAnera ke rAjA anUpasiMha (I.sa. 1674 se 1709) ke Azrita racanAe-anupasaMgIta-vilAsa, anUpa-saMgItaratnAkara, anupasaMgItakuza / mudrita saMgIta-vinoda, muralI - prakAza, naSToddiSTaprabodhaka, dhauvapada TIkA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhAvamizra I. 16 vIM zatI / eka suprasidhda vaidyakazAstrajJa / pitA - zrI mizra laTaka / bahudhA kannauja nivaasii| "bhAvaprakAza" nAmaka graMtha ke racayitA / isa graMtha ke pUrva likhe gaye vaidyakazAstra ke graMthoM meM jina auSadhi vanaspatiyoM tathA vyAdhiyoM kA ullekha nahIM huA thA, unakA isa graMtha meM varNana milatA hai| "bhAvaprakAza" kI gaNanA, AyurvedazAstra kI laghutrayI ke rUpa meM hotI hai| bhAvamizra ne 'guNaratnamAlA' nAmaka eka cikitsA-viSayaka graMtha kI bhI racanA kI thI, jo hastalekha ke rUpa meM iMDiyA oNphisa pustakAlaya meM hai / bhAvavijayagaNi jainapaMthI tapAgacchIya muni vimalasUra ke ziSya / samaya- I. 17 vIM zatI graMtha- uttarAdhyayana-vyAkhyA (vi.saM. 1689 ) / yaha vyAkhyA kathAnakoM se bharapUra aura padyabaddha hai| bhAvaviveka - ( bhavya yA bhAviveka) bauddha nyAya meM svatantra mata ke udbhAvaka / mAdhyamika siddhAntoM kI sattA siddha karane ke liye svatantra pramANa upasthita karane se pratipakSI svayaM parAsta hotA hai, yaha inakI mAnyatA rhii| inakI racanAeM mUla saMskRta meM anupalabdha cInI tathA tibbatI anuvAdoM se zata racanAeM (1) mAdhyamika kArikA - vyAkhyA (2) madhyamahRdayakArikA, (3) madhyamArtha saMgraha aura (4) hastaratra / bhAvasena traividyaI. 13 vIM shtii| jainapaMthI mUlasaMgha senagaNa ke AcArya / krnaattkvaasii| vyAkaraNa, darzana aura siddhAnta ina tIna vidyAoM meM nipuNa ataH traividha khlaaye| vAdIbhakesarI, vAdiparvata Adi vizeSaNa prApta racanAeM 1. prabhAprameva, 2. kathAvicAra, 3. zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa TIkA, 4. kAtantrarUpamAlA, 5. nyAyasUtrAvalI, 6. bhukti-mukti-vicAra, 7. siddhAntasAra, 8. nyAyadIpikA, 9. saptapadArthI TIkA, 10. vizvatattvaprakAza / - For Private and Personal Use Only - bhAsa samaya - I. pU. cauthI va pAMcavI zatI ke bIca / inhoMne 13 nATakoM kI racanA kI hai jo sabhI prakAzita ho cuke haiN| inake sabhI nATakoM kA hindI anuvAda va saMskRta TIkA saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 397 -

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ke sAtha prakAzana, "bhAsanATakacakram" ke nAma se "caukhaMbA saMskRta sIrIja" se ho cukA hai| bhAsa ke saMbaMdha meM vividha graMthoM meM aneka prakAra ke prazaMsA vAkya prApta hote haiN| saMskRta ke aneka prasiddha sAhityakAroM ne bhI bhAsa kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne apane 'mAlavikAgnimitra' nAmaka nATaka kI prastAvanA meM bhAsa kI prazaMsA kI hai| inake nATaka dIrgha kAla taka ajJAta avasthA meM paDe hue the| 20 vIM zatI ke prathama caraNa ke pUrva taka, bhAsa ke saMbaMdha meM katipaya uktiyAM hI pracalita thiiN| inake nATakoM kA uddhAra sarvaprathama triveMdrama ke ma.ma.TI. gaNapati zAstrI ne 1909 I. meM kiyaa| unheM padmanAbhapuram ke nikaTa manallikAramaTham meM tADapatra para likhita ina nATakoM kI hastalikhita pratiyAM prApta huiiN| sabhI hastalekha malayAlam lipi meM the| zAstrIjI ne sabhI (13) nATakoM kA saMpAdana kara, 1912 I. meM unheM prakAzita kiyaa| ye sabhI nATaka, 'anaMtazayana saMskRta graMthAvalI' meM prakAzita hue haiN| ina nATakoM ko dekha vidvAn va rasika jana vismita ho uThe / bhAsa ke nATakoM ke saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM ke tIna dala haiN| prathama dala ke matAnusAra sabhI (13) nATaka bhAsakRta hI haiN| dUsarA dala ina nATakoM ko bhAsakRta nahIM maantaa| unake matAnusAra inakA racayitA yA to 'mattavilAsaprahasana' kA praNetA yuvarAja mahendravikrama hai yA 'Azcarya cUDAmaNi' nATaka kA praNetA zIlabhadra hai| barneTa ke anusAra ina nATakoM kI racanA pAMDya rAjA rAjasiMha prathama ke zAsana kAla (675 I.) meM huI thii| anya vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra ina nATakoM kA racanA - kAla sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI hai aura inakA praNetA koI dAkSiNAtya kavi thaa| tIsarA dala aise vidvAnoM kA hai jo ina nATakoM kA kartA to bhAsa ko hI mAnatA hai kiMtu inake vartamAna rUpa ko unakA saMkSipta va raMgamaMcopayogI rUpa mAnatA hai| para saMprati adhikAMza vidvAn prathama mata ke hI poSaka haiN| DA. pusAlakara ne apane prasiddha graMtha- 'bhAsa-e sTaDI' aura e. esa. pI. ayyara ne apane 'bhAsa' nAmaka (aMgrejI) graMtha meM prathama mata kI hI puSTi, aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para kI hai| vidvAnoM ne bhAsa kA samaya I.pU. chaThI zatI se 11 vIM zatI taka svIkAra kiyA hai| aMtaH va bahiHsAkSyoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya I.pU. 4 thIM va 5 vIM zatI ke bIca nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| azvaghoSa va kAlidAsa donoM hI bhAsa se prabhAvita haiN| ataH bhAsa kA ina donoM se pUrvavartI honA nizcita hai| kAlidAsa kA samaya sAmAnyataH I. pU. prathama zatI mAnA gayA hai| bhAsa ke nATakoM meM apANinIya prayogoM kI bahulatA dekha kara unakI prAcInatA niHsaMdeha siddha ho jAtI hai| aneka pAzcAtya va bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke matoM kA UhApoha karane ke pazcAt bAhya sAkSyoM se bhAsa kA samaya I.pU. caturtha zataka 398 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa tathA paMcama zataka ke bIca mAnanA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA haiM / kathAvastu ke AdhAra para bhAsakRta 13 nATakoM ko 4 vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- (1) rAmAyaNa-nATaka pratimA va abhiSeka, (2) mahAbhArata nATaka bAlacarita, paMcarAtra, madhyama - vyAyoga, dUta- vAkya, uru-bhaMga, karNabhAra va dUta- ghaTotkaca, (3) udayana nATaka svapnavAsavadatta va pratijJA- yaugaMdharAyaNa, (4) kalpita nATaka avimAraka va daridra cArudatta / - - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - -- nATakIya saMvidhAna kI dRSTi se bhAsa ke nATakoM kA vastukSetra vividha hai| vistRta kSetra se kathAnaka grahaNa karane kA kAraNa inake pAtroM kI saMkhyA adhika hai aura unakI koTiyAM bhI aneka haiN| bhAsa ke sabhI pAtra prANavaMta tathA isI loka ke prANI haiN| unameM kRtrimatA nAmamAtra ko nahIM hai| itanA avazya hai ki "madhyama vyAyoga" va avimAraka' nAmaka nATakoM meM brAhmaNIya saMskRti evaM vaidika dharma kA prabhAva, inhoMne jAnabUjhakara pradarzita kiyA hai| pAtroM ke saMvAda nATakIya vidhAna ke sarvathA anurUpa haiN| inhoMne navoM rasoM kA prayoga kara apanI kuzalatA pradarzita kI hai| inake sabhI nATaka abhinaya kalA kI dRSTi se saphala siddha hote haiN| kathAnaka, pAtra, bhASA-zailI, deza-kAla va saMvAda kisI ke bhI kAraNa unakI abhineyatA meM bAdhA nahIM paDatI / inhoMne aise kaI dRzyoM kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai jo zAstrIya dRSTi se varjita haiM yathA vadha, abhiSeka Adi para ye dRzya isa prakAra rakhe gae haiM ki inake kAraNa nATakIyatA meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotii| bhAsa kI zailI sarala va akRtrima hai| inakI kavitva zakti bhI ucca koTi kI hai| apane varNya viSayoM ko bhAsa ne atyaMta sUkSmatA se rakhA hai| inakA prakRti-varNana bhI atyaMta svAbhAvika va AkarSaka hai| I bhAsa ke kucha nATyaguNa itane zreSTha the ki unakA paravartI nATakakAroM dhara prabhAva par3anA aparihArya hI thaa| zUdraka kA mRcchakaTika nATaka bhAsa ke cArudatta para se hI likhA gayA mAnate haiN| kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti aura harSavardhana jaise zreSTha nATakakAroM para bhI bhAsa kI chApa parilakSita hotI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only "bhAsanATakacakre hi cchekeH kSipte parIkSitum / svapnavAsavadattasya dAhako'bhUtra pAvakaH / / " ukta prasiddha subhASita ke anusAra bhAsa ke sAre nATakoM kI agniparIkSA kI gaI thii| usa parIkSA meM svapnavAsavadatta nATaka ko agni bhI nahIM jalA skii| unake aneka nATakoM meM agnidAha ke prasaMga varNita haiN| ataH unheM 'agnimitra' kI upAdhi prApta thii| yadyapi inakA vizvasanIya jIvana caritra upalabdha nahIM hai, tathApi inake nATakoM ke adhyayana se inake caritra para kucha prakAza paDatA hai jisase anumAna hotA hai ki ve brAhmaNa the / 'bhAsa' vyakti nAma hai yA kula nAma isakA bhI patA nahIM

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cltaa| nATakoM meM uttara bhArata ke sthaloM tathA rIti-rivAjoM kA adhika varNana hai jo inake uttara bhArata ke nivAsI hone kA pramANa hai| rAjaprAsAda, aMtaHpura, maMtrimaMDala, senA, dvaMdvayuddha Adi inake nATakoM ke varNita viSayoM se anumAna nikalatA hai ki inakA rAjagharAnoM se vizeSa saMparka rahA ho| unake pratyeka nATaka ke bharatavAkya meM 'rAjasiMhaH prazAstu naH' (hamArA rAjasiMha prazAsaka rahe) yaha caraNa AtA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki inheM kisI rAjasiMha nAmaka rAjA kA Azraya prApta huA thaa| bhAsarvajJa - I. 9 vIM zatI kA uttraardh| kAzmIra ke nivaasii| inhone 'nyAyasAra' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| usameM svArtha va parArtha anumAna, pakSAbhAsa, dRSTAMtAbhAsa, mukti Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhAsarvajJa kI ye sabhI kalpanAeM nyAya-jagat meM apUrva mAnI jAtI haiN| anya naiyAyikoM ke viparIta, inhoMne pramANa ke 3 hI bheda mAne haiM- pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama / inake nyAyasAra graMtha para 10 TIkAeM likhI gaI haiN| bhAskara - 'bhAskara-bhASya' ke prnnetaa| bhedaabhedvaadii| AcArya zaMkarottara yuga ke vedAMtAcAyoM meM inakA nAma pramukha hai| rAmAnuja ne apane 'vedArthasaMgraha' meM, udayanAcArya (984 I.) ne 'nyAya-kusumAMjali' meM aura vAcaspati ne 'bhAmatI' meM inake mata kA khaMDana kiyA hai| ataH inakA samaya 8 vAM zataka mAnanA caahiye| inake matAnusAra brahma, saguNa, sallakSaNa, bodhalakSaNa aura satya- jJAna-anaMta lakSaNa hai| caitanya tathA rUpAMtararahita advitIya hai| brahma, kAraNa-rUpa meM nirAkAra tathA kArya-rUpa meM jIva-rUpa aura prapaMcamaya hai| brahma kI do zaktiyAM, bhogya-zakti tathA bhoktR-zakti hotI haiM (bhAskara bhASya, 2-1-27) / bhogya-zakti hI AkAzAdi acetana jagat-rUpa meM pariNata hotI haiN| bhoktazakti, cetana jIva-rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI hai| brahma kI zaktiyAM pAramArthika haiN| vaha sarvajJa tathA samagra zaktiyoM se saMpanna hai (bhA.bhA. 2-1-24) / __ bhAskarajI, brahma kA pariNAma svAbhAvika mAnate haiN| jisa / prakAra sUrya apanI razmiyoM kA vikSepa karatA hai, usI prakAra brahma apanI anaMta aura aciMtya zaktiyoM kA vikSepa karatA hai| ___ yaha jIva, brahma se abhinna hai tathA bhinna bhii| ina donoM meM abheda rUpa svAbhAvika hai, bheda upAdhijanya hai| ____ mukti ke liye bhAskara, jJAna-karma-samuccayavAda ko mAnate haiN| unake matAnusAra zuSka jJAna se mokSa kA udaya nahIM hotA, karma-saMvalita jJAna se hotA hai| upAsanA yA yogAbhyAsa ke binA aparokSa jJAna kA lAbha nahIM hotaa| zrI. bhAskara ko sadyomukti aura kramamukti donoM hI abhISTa haiN| bhAskara - janma- 1805 I., mRtyu 1837 ii.| janmagrAmazoranUra / nmmuutirivNshiiy| kAlIkaTa ke rAjA vikramadeva tathA kocIna ke mahArAja dvArA smmaanit| vedAnta kA adhyayana tripuNaithurai meM tathA vyAkaraNa kA kUTallUra meN| kevala 16 varSa kI Ayu meM zRMgAralIlA-tilaka-bhANa kI racanA kii| bhAskara - racanA- shaahjii-prshstiH| isa kAvya meM taMjauranareza zAhajI bhosale kI stuti hai| inheM rAjA ne 40 gharoM vAlA eka grAma inAma meM diyA thaa| kavi ne ve sabhI ghara ziSyoM ko diye| bhAskaranandI - sarvasAdhu ke praziSya aura jinacandra ke ziSya / samaya- 14-15 vIM shtii| dAkSiNAtya / graMtha-tattvArthasUtravRtti para subodha TIkA tathA dhyaanstv| prathama graMtha DaDDhA ke paMcasaMgraha se prabhAvita hai aura dvitIya graMtha para tattvAnuzAsanAdi kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| bhAskarabhaTTa - I. 15 vIM shtii| inhoMne yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA para jJAnayajJa nAmaka bhASya likhA hai| isameM inhoMne vedamaMtroM kA artha yajJaparaka lagAne ke sAtha hI unakA AdhyAtmika artha bhI vizada kiyA hai aura pANini ke sUtroM ke AdhAra para aneka zabdoM kI vyutpatti batalAyI hai| vaidika sAhitya meM yaha graMtha atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| bhAskarayajvA - I. 16 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| pitA- mahAkavi zivasUrya, jo pANDya rAjA hAlaghaTTi ke kulaguru the| ye parama zaiva tathA zrotriyoM meM agragaNya the| racanA- vallIpariNaya (naattk)| bhAskararAya - I. 18 vIM shtii| eka mImAMsaka tathA taMtrazAstrajJa / inhoMne vAdakutUhala tathA bhATTajIvikA do graMtha mImAMsA viSayaka, tathA setubaMdha aura saubhAgya-bhAskara (taMtra-viSayaka) graMtha likhe haiN| setubaMdha meM nityASoDazikArNava taMtra kA bhASya hai tathA saubhAgyabhAskara lalitA-sahasranAma kI vyAkhyA hai| bhAskarAcArya - varadaguru ke vNshj| ciMgalapeTa jile ke nivaasii| samaya- saMbhavataH I. 18 vIM shtii| rcnaasaahity-kllolinii| bhAskarAcArya - samaya- 1157 se 1223 ii.| eka mahAn jyotissshaastrjny| marAThI jJAnakozakAra DA. ketakara ke anusAra ye sahyAdri parvata ke nikaTavartI vijjalavIDa (ji. jalagAMva, mahArASTra) nAmaka grAma ke nivAsI the| anya eka vidvAn ke matAnusAra ye marAThavADA ke bIDa nAmaka nagara ke nivAsI the| gotr-shaaNddily| pitA-mahezvara upAdhyAya jo inake guru bhI the| inhoMne gaNita tathA jyotiSazAstra para siddhAntaziromaNi, karaNakutUhala, vAsanA-bhASya, bIjagaNita, sarvatobhadra nAmaka graMtha likhe haiN| siddhAMtaziromaNi tathA karaNakutUhala donoM jyotirgaNita viSayaka graMtha haiN| vAsanAbhASya, siddhAMta- ziromaNi ke grahagaNita tathA golAdhyAya para bhAskarAcArya ke svakRta TIkAgraMtha bhI haiN| pRthvI gola hai tathA vaha apane cAroM aura ghUmatI hai yaha bhAskarAcArya ko jJAta thaa| gurutvAkarSaNa kA siddhAnta bhI unheM jJAta thA jo inhoMne isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai - saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 399 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AkaSTazaktizca mahI tathA yat / svasthaM guru svAbhimukhaM svshktyaa| na karane vAloM kI niMdA hai| AkRSyate tat patatIva bhAti / same samantAt kva patatvidaM ca / / eka RcA isa prakAra hai - artha- pRthvI meM AkarSaNa-zakti hai| isa zakti se vaha sa id bhojo yo gRhave dadAtyatrakAmAya carate kRshaay| AkAza kI jaDa vastayeM apanI aura khIMcatI hai| vaha (pRthvI) aramasme bhavati yAmahUtA utAparISu kRNute sakhAyam / / gira rahI hai aisA bhrama hotA hai, paraMtu vaha giratI nahIM, kyoM (R 10-17-3) ki cAroM ora samAnarUpa se vidyamAna avakAza meM vaha kahAM jaayegii| artha- dvAra para Aye hue kSudhAgrasta tathA nirdhana atithi saryagrahaNa tathA caMdragrahaNa ke kAraNa tathA pRthvI ke cAroM ko annadAna karanevAle vyakti ke zatra bhI mitra banate haiM tathA ora vAyumaMDala kI UMcAI Adi vaijJAnika tathya bhI inheM jJAta the| unheM anna-phala prApta hotA hai|| vAyumaNDala ke saMbaMdha meM inhoMne kahA hai bhiDe na. nA. - puNe- nivaasii| racanA- krmtttvm| chAtroM meM "bhUmerbahirdvAdaza yojnaani| bhuuvaayurtraambudvidyudaadym"|| sarala subodha saMskRta lekhana kA prasAra karane hetu maisUra vi.vi. artha- pRthvI ke pRSThabhAga se 12 yojana (96 mIla) tk| ke navInam rAmAnujAcArya dvArA hara tIsare varSa jo saMskRta nibaMdha bhUvAyu hai| usa vAyumaMDala meM bAdala, bijalI Adi naisargika spArdhA Ayojita kI jAtI thI, usameM prathama puraskAra san ghaTanAeM hotI haiN| 1944 meM prApta kiyaa| tadanaMtara yaha racanA maisUra vi.vi. se ___ aMkagaNita, bIjagaNita tathA rekhAgaNita ke maulika siddhAMta prakAzita huii| ina kA anya nibaMdha "kiM rASTra kazca rASTriyaH" inhoMne hI sarvaprathama vizva ko diye haiN| gaNitazAstra kA itihAsa hiMdutvavAdI dRSTikoNa se likhA huA hai| likhane vAle vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra lAgrAMja nAmaka pAzcAtya bhiSag AtharvaNa - eka suuktdrssttaa| Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala gaNitazAstrajJa ke pUrva vizva meM bhAskarAcArya kI barAbarI kA ke 97 veM sUkta ke rcyitaa| sUkta anuSTup chaMda meM hai| anya gaNitazAstrI nahIM thaa| phalita-jyotiSa para inake graMtha auSadhiyoM kI prazaMsA isakI viSayavastu hai| sUkta kI eka prApta nahIM hote kiMtu muhUrta- ciMtAmaNi kI pIyUSadhArA nAmaka RcA isa prakAra haiTIkA meM inake phalita-jyotiSa-viSayaka zloka prApta hote haiN| zataM vo amba dhAmAni sahasramuta vo ruhaH / siddhAMtaziromaNi ke prathama adhyAya kA nAma lIlAvatI hai| adhA zatakratvo yUyamimaM me agadaM kRt|| usake saMbaMdha meM eka kiMvadaMtI isa prakAra hai - artha- zatAvadhi marmasthAnoM aura sahasrAvadhi aMkuroM se yukta, bhAskarAcArya jyotiSazAstra ke jJAtA the| unheM lIlAvatI zatakAryakArI tathA mAtRbhUta auSadhiyoM, mujhe svastha rkho| nAmaka eka kanyA thii| usakI janma-patrikA se unheM jJAta huaa| bhImasena - I. 7 vIM zatI ke puurv| pANinIya dhAtupATha kA ki usake bhAgya meM vaidhakya-yoga hai paraMtu yadi eka viziSTa arthanirdeza karane vAle vaiyAkaraNa / gaNanasUri, sarvAnanda, maitreyarakSita muhUrta para vivAha- vidhi huA to vaha durbhAgya Tala sakatA hai jaise lekhakoM ne bhImasena ke vacana yatra tatra uddhRta kiye haiN| yaha bhI unheM graha-gaNanA se jJAta thaa| usa viziSTa muhUrta para kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bhImasena ne pANinIya dhAtupATha vivAha-vidhi saMpanna ho, isa dRSTi se unhoMne vyavasthA kii| una para kA koI vyAkhyA likhI thii| dinoM ghaTikApAtra se muhUrta jAnA jAtA thaa| gaurIharapUjA ke bhuvanAnanda - I. 14 shtii| "kavikaNThAbharaNa' upAdhi sammAnita / liye lIlAvatI ko biThAyA gayA tathA ghaTikApAtra kI ora dhyAna dene kI use sUcanA dI gyii| ghaTikApAtra jala meM ThIka vizvapradIpa graMtha ke lekhk| viSaya - saMgIta / prakAra se DUbatA hai yA nahIM isakI pratIkSA karatI huI lIlAvatI bhUtavid Atreya - Rgveda ke pAMcaveM maMDala ke 62 veM sUkta baiThI rhii| durbhAgya se usake mAthe kI kuMkuma-akSata kA dAnA ke dRssttaa| sUkta kA viSaya hai mitrAvaruNa kI stuti. ghaTikApAtra meM gira paDA tathA usakI peMdI kA sUkSma chidra baMda bhUdeva mukhopAdhyAya - I. 19 vIM shtii| "rasa-jalanidhi" ho gyaa| isase ghaTikApAtra meM pAnI bharane kI kriyA vilaMba ke krtaa| se huii| phalasvarUpa iSTa vivAha-muhUrta Tala gyaa| isa prakAra bhUdeva zukla - saMbhavataH satrahavIM zatI ke kvi| janmabhUmi vidhi-vidhAna aTala siddha huA tathA lIlAvatI vidhavA huii| jambUsara (jmmuu)| pitA- zukadeva pNddit| kRtiyAM-dharmavijayausa avasthA meM vaha apane pitA ke ghara lauTa aayii| usakA nATakam aura rasavilAsa prbndhH| aprasiddha zabdoM kA prayoga samaya jJAna-sAdhanA meM vyatIta ho isa uddezya se bhAskarAcArya inakI racanAoM meM adhika hai| ne use jo gaNitazAstrajJa sikhAyA, vahI siddhAMta ziromaNi ke bhUpAla - graMtha jinacaturviMzatikA stotra (26 pdy)| isa para lIlAvatI adhyAya meM grathita huA hai| prAcIna TIkA paM. AzAdhara kI hai| isake bAda ma. zrIcandra bhikSu AMgirasa - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 117 veM sUkta aura nAgacanda kI bhI TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| uttarapurANa (guNabhadrakRta) ke rcyitaa| isa sUkta meM annadAna kI prazaMsA tathA annadAna ke eka padya se isa stavana ke eka padya kA sAmya dekhate 400 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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hue kavi kA samaya 11 vIM zatI ke AsapAsa anumeya hai| bhRgu eka sUktadRSTA / Rgveda ke navaveM maMDala kA 65 vAM sUkta bhRgu tathA jamadagni ne tathA dasaveM maMDala kA 19 vAM sUkta bhRgu, mathita tathA cyavana ne milakara racA hai I bhRgu ke janma ke saMbaMdha meM bhinna bhinna mata hai, paraMtu sAmAnyataH brahmadeva se unakI utpatti batalAI jAtI hai| aitareya brAhmaNa, gopatha brAhmaNa, taittirIya brAhmaNa, mahAbhArata, bhAgavata aura purANoM meM unakI utpatti kI kathAeM haiN| Rgveda meM ullekha hai ki bhRgu ne mAnava jAti ke upayoga ke liye agni kA AviSkAra kiyaa| bhRgu zabda bhRj dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha bhUnanA hai| mahAbhAratakAra bhRgu zabda kI utpatti bhRk dhAtu se batalAte haiM, jisakA artha jvAlA hai| Rgveda ne mAtarizvA ko agni kA AviSkArakartA batalAyA hai| eka hI tattva ke do AviSkAra hone se, prazna nirmANa hotA hai ki donoM ke AviSkAra kI kyA vizeSatA hai| isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai : mAtArizvA ne bhautikazAstra kI dRSTi se tathA bhRgu ne vyAvahArika upayoga kI dRSTi se agni kA AviSkAra kiyaa| T I bhoja (bhojarAja ) paramAravaMzIya dhArA- nareza saMskRta bhASA ke punaruddhAraka / inhoMne aneka zAstroM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| inhoMne jyotiSa saMbaMdhI 'rAjamRgAMka' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA 1042-43 I. meM kI thii| inake pitRvya (cAcA) mahArAja muMja kI mRtyu 994 se 997 I. ke madhya huI thI / tadanaMtara inake pitA siMdhurAja siMhAsanArUDha hue aura kucha dinoM taka gaddI para rhe| bhoja ke uttarAdhikArI jayasiMha nAmaka rAjA kA samaya 1055-56 I. hai kyoM ki unakA eka zilAlekha mAMdhAtA nAmaka sthAna meM isI I. kA prApta hotA hai| ataH bhojarAja kA samaya, ekAdaza zataka kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAnA ucita hai| (1018 se 1063 I.) / rAjA bhoja kI vidvattA, guNagrAhakatA tathA dAnazIlatA, itihAsa prasiddha hai| 'rAjataraMgiNI' meM kAzmIra nareza anaMtarAja va mAlavAdhipati bhoja ko samAna rUpa se vidvatpriya batAyA gayA hai ( 7-259) / unhoMne vividha viSayoM para samAna adhikAra ke sAtha apanI lekhanI calAyI hai aura vividha viSayoM para 84 graMtha likhe| inhoMne 'zrRMgAra-maMjarI' nAmaka kathA- kAvya va 'maMdAramaraMdacapU' kAvya kA bhI praNayana kiyA hai| vAstuzAstra para inakA 'samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra' nAmaka prasiddha graMtha hai jisameM 17 hajAra zloka haiN| 'sarasvatI- kaMThAbharaNa' (bRhatzabdAnuzAsana) nAmaka inakA vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI graMtha prasiddha hai jo 8 prakAzoM meM vibhakta hai| inhoMne 'yuktiprakAza' va 'tattvaprakAza' nAmaka dharmazAstrIya graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, aura auSadhiyoM viSayaka 'rAjamArtaMDa' nAmaka graMtha likhA hai jisameM 418 zloka haiN| inakI yogasUtra para 'rAjamArtaMDa' nAmaka TIkA bhI prApta hotI hai| 26 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAvyAzAstra para bhojarAja ne 'zRMgAra-prakAza' aura 'sarasvatI - kaMThAbharaNa' nAmaka prasiddha graMtha likhe haiN| ina graMthoM meM tadviSayaka sabhI viSayoM ke vistRta vivecana ke sAtha kaI navIna tathya prastuta kiye gae haiN| zrRMgAra ko mUla rasa mAna kara, bhoja ne alaMkAra - zAstra ke itihAsa meM navIna vyavasthA sthApita kI hai| inhoMne pUrvavata sabhI kAvyazAstrIya siddhAMtoM kA vivecana karate hue samanvayavAdI paraMparA kI sthApanA kI hai| isI dRSTi se inakA mahattva adhika hai| 1 bhojarAja kI bahumukhI pratibhA se prabhAvita 16 vIM zatI ke ballAla sena ne 'bhoja-prabaMdha' nAmaka eka anUThe kAvya kA praNayana kiyA hai| isa prabaMdha meM bhojarAja kI vibhinna kaviyoM dvArA kI gaI prazasti kA kathAtmaka varNana hai| una meM se kucha kathAeM 1 bhojakathA 1 eka dina rAjA bhoja kI sabhA meM ghora dAridraya kA anubhava karate hue prakANDa vidvAn kavi krIDAcandra upasthita hue / unakI yaha avasthA dekhakara kAlidAsa ne bar3e Adara se unakI pUchatAcha kI tathA aisI dazA hone kA kAraNa puuchaa| krIDAcandra ne batAyA dravya kA saMcaya kara dAna na dene vAlA dhanI bhI daridroM kI saMkhyA meM agragaNya hotA hai| apeya jala saMcaya karane vAlA samudra bhI marusthala ke samAna hai| yaha sunakara kAlidAsa, vararuci, mara Adi vidvAnoM ne usakI prazaMsA kI tathA rAjA ne unheM bIsa hAthI aura pAMca gAMva bheMTa kiye| paDhA bhojakathA - 2 apanI dAnazUratA para rAjA bhoja ne garva kA anubhava kiyaa| ise jAnakara unake amAtya ne vikramArka ke caritra kA kucha bhAga rAjA ke sammukha rakhA / usane yaha bhAga 'rAjA vikramArka ne pyAsa lagane para dAsI dvArA pAnI mNgvaayaa| usane vaha pAnI halkA, madhura tathA zItala ora sugaMdhita ho aisA Adeza diyaa| yaha sunakara vaitAlika mAgadha ne kahA- 'he deva, Apake mukha meM sarasvatI ( devI, nadI) kA nitya vAsa hai| Apake zaurya kI yAda dilAtA hai samudra jo aMgUThI se yukta hai| vAhinI ( senA, nadI) Apake pArzva meM nitya upasthita hai| ApakA mAnasa (citta, sarovara) svaccha hai 1 itanA hote hue Apako pAnI pIne kI icchA kaise huii| vikramArka ne isa ukti para prasanna hokara usa vaitAlika ko prabhUta suvarNa, motI, eka karor3a ghor3e, pacAsa hAthI, sau vArAMganAeM Adi, jo pANDya rAjA se yautaka meM prApta huA thA, inAma de diyaa| yaha vikramArka kI dAna sImA paDhakara bhoja kA garva nirasta huaa| bhojakathA - 3 dhArA ke siMdhula rAjA ko vRddhAvasthA meM bhoja nAmaka putra huaa| siMdhula ne vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa rAjya kA bhAra dUsaroM ko saupane kA vicAra kiyaa| choTA bhAI muMja baDA zaktizAlI thA tathA bhoja pAMca varSa kA bAlaka thaa| isa saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 401 For Private and Personal Use Only

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avasthA meM usane amAtyoM se maMtraNA kara rAjyabhAra muMja ko sauMpA aura bhoja ko usakI goda meM de diyaa| eka bAra usakI sabhA meM eka sarvavidyApAraMgata jyotiSI aayaa| muMja ne use bhoja kA phalita batAne kI icchA prakaTa kii| taba usa mahApaNDita ne kahA ki bhoja gauDasahita dakSiNApatha kA rAjya kregaa| yaha jAnakara rAjA muMja ne cauMka kara kisI prakAra bhoja ko apane mArga se alaga karanA nizcita kiyaa| vaMgadeza ke vatsarAja ko bulavA kara Adeza diyA ki vaha bhuvanezvarI vana meM bhoja kI hatyA kara de tathA usakA kaTA huA sira rAjA ko lAkara dikhaave| vatsarAja ke bahuta samajhAne para bhI muMja ne apanA Adeza nahIM pherA tathA vatsarAja ko Adeza pAlana ke liye bAdhya kiyaa| becArA vatsarAja bhoja ko sAtha lekara bhuvanezvarI vana kI aura prasthita huaa| idhara bhoja ko usakA vadha karane le jAyA gayA yaha jAnakara dhArAvAsI janatA atiprakSubdha huii| idhara vatsarAja bhoja ko bhuvanezvarI vana meM mahAmAyA maMdira ke pAsa le gyaa| use usake pitRtulya cAcA kA Adeza sunAyA gyaa| bhoja ne eka vaTavRkSa ke patra para apane rakta se eka saMdeza likha kara rAjA muMja ko dene ke liye vatsarAja ko saupaa| phira usane vatsarAja ko zIghra hI muMja kI AjJA kA pAlana karane ko khaa| bhoja ke dedIpyamAna mukha ko dekhakara vatsarAja karuNA se otaprota ho gyaa| usane bhoja ko apane ghara meM surakSita rakhA aura eka kRtrima sira banavA kara rAjA muMja ko dikhAyA aura sAtha-sAtha bhoja kA saMdeza bhI usane muMja ko diyaa| muMja ne vaha saMdeza paDhA - 'mAndhAtA sa mahIpatiH kRtayugAlaMkArabhUto gataH / seturyena mahodadhau viracitaH kvA'sau dazAsyAntakaH / anye cApi yudhiSThiraprabhRtayo yAtA divaM bhUpate / naikenApi samaM gatA vasumatI muMja tvayA yAsyati / saMdeza par3hakara muMja behoza huaa| jaba vaha hoza meM AyA to apane ko mahApApI kahate hue putraghAta ke prAyazcitta ke / liye vaha udyukta huaa| taba vatsarAja ne buddhisAgara amAtya se vicAraNA kara tathA use satya ghaTanA batAkara bhoja ko muMja ke sammukha upasthita kiyaa| muMja apane kiye para pachatAte hue bhoja ke sammukha bahuta royaa| bhoja ne use Azvasta kiyaa| isake uparAnta muMja ne svayaM bhoja kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara apanA putra jayanta, bhoja ko saupa diyA aura svayaM tapovana meM calA gyaa| bhoja kathA- 4 ekabAra mRgayA ke parizrama se thaka kara bhoja jaMgala meM eka vRkSa ke nIce vizrAMti ke liye baiTha gye| unheM baDI pyAsa lagI thI tathA pAnI kA kahIM patA nahIM thaa| dhUpa bhI bar3I teja thii| isa se rAjA baDe vikala the| itane meM eka suMdara gopakanyA vahAM se dhArA nagarI kI ora jAtI unheM dikhAI dii| usake sira para rakhe pAtra meM chAcha thA ora vaha use becane jA rahI thii| usa pAtra meM koI peya ho to pIne kI AzA se rAjA ne usa kanyA se pUchA- 'tumhAre pAtra meM kyA hai| usane uttara diyA___ he nRparAja, hima, kunda yA candramA ke samAna zubhra, pake hue kapittha (ketha) ke samAna svAda vAlA, yuvati ke hAthoM maMthA huA, tathA rogahara yaha chAcha piijiye| takrapAna kara rAjA baDe prasanna hue tathA usa kanyA se pUchA- 'kyA cAhatI ho'| usane turanta jabAba diyA- 'rAjan jisa prakAra caMdravikAsi kamala caMdramA ko, cAtaka vRnda megha ko, bhauroM kI zreNI sugaMdhi phUloM ko yA strI apane paradezagamana kiye prANezvara ko dekhane utkaNThita rahate haiM, usI prakAra merI cittavRtti Apako dekhane ke liye lAlAyita rahatI hai|' usakA Azaya jAnakara rAjA use apane sAtha dhArA nagarI ko le gae tathA rAnI lIlAvatI kI anujJA se usa gopakanyA ko rAjA ne apnaayaa| bholAnAtha gaMgaTikarI - I. 20 vIM shtii| bNgaalii| 'pAnthadUta' nAmaka dUtakAvya ke rcyitaa| maMkha (maMkhaka) - samaya-sana 1120 se 1170 / pitA-vizvavarta (yA vishvvrt)| kAzmIra ke nivaasii| rAjataraMgiNI ke anusAra ye kAzmIra ke rAjA jayasiMha (san 1127 se 1149) ke saMdhivigrahika maMtrI the| suprasidhda alaMkArazAstrI ruyyaka inake guru the| guru ke Adeza para inhoMne 'zrIkaMTha-carita' kI racanA kii| 25 sagoM ke isa mahAkAvya meM zaMkara dvArA tripurAsura ke vadha kI kathA hai| mahAkAvya ke 25 veM sarga meM, kavi dvArA unake baMdhu maMtrI alaMkAra ke yahAM hone vAlI vidvatsabhA tathA usameM bhAga lene vAle tIsa vidvadratnoM kA vistRta varNana hai| usameM AnaMda, kalyANa, garga, goviMda, jalhaNa, paTa, padmarAja, bhuDu, loSThadeva, kalyANa, gaga, gAvida, jalhaNa, paTa, padmarAja, muDa bAgIzvara, zrIgarbha tathA zrIvatsa nAmaka kaviyoM kA ullekha hai| inhoMne 'maMkhakoza' nAma se eka zabdakoza bhI likhA hai| hemacaMdra ne isakA ullekha apane koza meM kiyA hai| koza meM inhoMne kisI bhI viziSTa zabda kA upayoga vizada karate samaya abhijAta saMskRta vAGmaya ke avataraNa uddhRta kiye haiN| yaha isa koza kI vizeSatA hai| koza aprakAzita hai| 'zrIkaMThacarita' kA prakAzana kAvyamAlA se 1887 I. meM ho cukA hai| isa mahAkAvya ke katipaya sthaloM para AlocanAtmaka uktiyAM bhI prastuta kI gaI haiM jinameM maMkhaka kI kavi evaM kAvya-saMbaMdhI mAnyatAeM nihita haiN| maMgarAja - janmasthAna mugulipura (maisuur)| saMskRta aura kannaDa ke vidvaan| graMtha-khagendramaNi-darpaNa (viSa-cikitsA kA grNth)| 16 adhikAroM meM vibhakta / graMtha kA apara nAma jIvita-cintAmaNi / 402 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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maMgarulakara, gaMgAdharazAstrI (gaMgAdhara kavi) - nAgapura kI paNDita-paramparA meM ullekhanIya vyakti / janma- I. 1790 / pitA- vitthtthlshaastrii| nAgapura ke bhosale (raghUjI) ke purANavAcaka / grantharacanA- bhAmAvilAsa, gurutattvavicAra, rAmapramoda, aparAdhamArjana, rAdhAvinoda, gaNezalIlA, vilAsaguccha, ratikutUhala, prasannamAdhava, citramaMjUSA, gaMgASTapadI, sNgiitraaghv| ina kAvyoM meM saMgItarAghavam geya hai| zaMkarAcAryajI kI AnandalaharI para inakI gadya-padya TIkA bhI hai| inakA hastalikhita sAhitya nAgapura vi.vi. saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| maMgalagiri kRSNadvaipAyanAcArya- I. 20 zatI kA prathama crnn| kauzika gotrii| Andhrapradeza ke vijayapaTanam ke nivaasii| pitA-veMkaTaramaNAcArya maisUra rAjya meM prasiddha the| kRtiyAMzrIkRSNadAnAmRta (nATaka), vasantamitra (bhANa), zrIkRSNa-carita (kAvya) aura hayagrIvASTaka (stotr)| telagu racanAeMrAkA-pariNaya, ekAvalI aura pArvatIpati-zataka / maMDanamizra - I. 7 vIM zatI kA uttraardh| kumArila bhaTTa ke shissy| pitA- himamitra / zulka yajurvedI kANvazAkhIya brAhmaNa / koI inheM mithilA kA to koI mahiSmatI kA (madhyapradeza meM narmadA ke taTa para basA huA mahezvara nAmaka sthAna) nivAsI batalAte haiN| zoNa nadI ke tIra para rahane vAle viSNumitra nAmaka vidvAn brAhmaNa kI viduSI kanyA aMbA inakI patnI thii| usa viduSI ko loga 'bhAratI' ke nAma se pahicAnate the| inake jayAmazra bhI mImAMsA darzana ke prakAMDa paMDita the| ye vaidika karmakANDa ke niSThAvAn upAsaka the| tatkAlIna karmakAMDI mImAMsaka paMDitoM meM inakA sthAna sarvazreSTha thaa| ye Adya zaMkarAcArya ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne mImAMsA-darzana para nimna graMthoM kI racanA kI hai - 1. vidhiviveka - isameM vidhyartha kA aneka pahaluoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 2. bhAvanAviveka - isameM ArthI bhAvanA kI vistArapUrvaka mImAMsA hai| 3. vibhramaviveka- isameM pAMca khyAtiyoM kA vivaraNa hai| 4. mImAMsAsUtrAnukramaNI - isameM mImAMsAsUtroM kI zlokoM meM saMkSipta vyAkhyA hai| inhoMne vedAMta para brahmasiddhi tathA sphoTasiddhi nAmaka do aura graMtha likhe haiN| donoM graMthoM meM advaita tattvajJAna ke siddhAntoM kI carcA hai| jIvana ke pUrvArdha meM mImAMsA tattvajJAna ke anusAra inakA AcAra-vicAra rahA, paraMtu uttarArdha meM zaMkarAcArya kI preraNA se ye vedAntaniSTha bne|| zaMkarAcArya se saMnyAsa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa karane para ye surezvarAcArya ke nAma se vikhyAta hue paraMtu kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki maMDana mizra aura surezvarAcArya bhinna vyakti hai| maMDana-mizra aura zaMkarAcArya ke vAda-vivAda kI AkhyAyikA suprasiddha hai| eka bAra jaba zaMkarAcArya kI kumArila bhaTTa se bheMTa huI, taba unhoMne apanA brahmasUtra para likhA huA bhASya kumArila bhaTTa ko dikhaayaa| kumArila bhaTTa ne AcArya se kahA ki ve apanA bhASya maMDana mizra ko dikhaayeN| yadi unhoMne unake advaitasiddhAnta ko mAnyatA de dI, to usake vizvamAnya hone meM koI aDacana nahIM rhegii| kumArila bhaTTa ke kathanAnusAra AcArya apanI ziSya-maMDalI ke sAtha mAhiSmatI phuNce| vahAM maMDana mizra kA AvAsa DhUMDhane ke liye akele hI cala pdde| mArga meM eka dAsI se AcArya ne maMDana mizra kA patA puuchaa| dAsI ne AcArya se kahA ki ve jisa mArga se jA rahe hai usI se Age jAve tathA jisa prAsAda usI se Age jAveM tathA jisa prAsAda ke sAmane -- jagad dhruvaM syAjjagadadhuvaM syAt kIrAGganA yatra giraM giranti / dvArasthanIDAntarasanniruddhA jAnIhi tanmaNDanapaNDitaukaH / / vizva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata hai (mImAMsakoM ke mata se jagat zAzvata hai tathA vedAMtiyoM ke mata se jagata azAzvata hai) aisI carcA jisake dvAra para TaMge hue piMjare kI mainAyeM karatI hoM, vahI Apa samajhiye ki maMDana paMDita kA ghara hai| dAsI dvArA batAye gaye lakSaNa ke anusAra AcArya maMDana-mizra ke ghara phuNce| usa samaya maMDana mizra apane pitA ke zrAddhakarma meM lage hue the| zrAddha ke samaya yatidarzana niSiddha mAnA jAtA hai| ataH maMDana mizra yativeSa meM AcArya ko dekhakara atyaMta kuddha hue| dono meM zAbdika noMkajhoMka huii| aMta meM maMDana-mizra ne yati ko bhikSA dene ko khaa| taba zaMkarAcArya ne kahA, 'mujhe annabhikSA nahIM, vAda-bhikSA caahiye| maMDana mizra ne AcArya kI cunautI mAna lii| zAstrArtha meM hAra-jIta kA nirNaya karane ke liye vahA upasthita vyAsa-jaimini ne maMDanapatnI bhAratI ko hI paMca niyukta kiyaa| dUsare dina donoM ke bIca zAstrArtha prAraMbha huaa| zaMkarAcArya ne nimna prameya rakhA : 'isa jagata meM eka brahma hI sat, cit, nirmala tathA yathArtha vastu hai| vahI brahma, sIpa para bhAsamAna honevAlI rajata kI AbhA-sadRza svayaM jagadpa meM bhAsamAna hai| jaise sIpa kI rajataAbhA mithyA hai, vese hI yaha jagat bhI mithyA hai| ataH brahmajJAna Avazyaka hai| usa jJAna se prapaMca kA vinAza hokara manuSya jagat ke bAhya jaMjAla se mukta hogA, apane vizuddha rUpa meM pratiSThita hogA tathA janma-maraNa ke cakra se arthAt saMsArapAza se mukta hogaa| isa prakAra merA advaita kA siddhAnta hai| zruti isakA pramANa hai|' - apane siddhAnta kA maMDana karane ke pazcAt AcArya ne kahA, maiM pratijJA karatA hUM ki yadi maiM zAstrArtha meM parAjita huA, to meM sanyAsa dharma chADakara gRhasthAzrama svIkAra kruugaa| isake bAda maMDanamizra ne apanA nimnalikhita prameya pratipAdita kiyA : vedoM kA karmakAMDa hI pramANa hai| jJAnakANDa (upaniSad) ko mai pramANa nahIM mAnatA kyoM ki vaha caitanyasvarUpa brahma kA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /403 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 1 pratipAdana kara, siddhavastuoM kA varNana karatA hai| vidhi kA pratipAdana hI vedoM kA tAtparya hai| paraMtu upaniSad vidhi kA varNana na kara kevala brahmasvarUpa kA hI pratipAdana karate haiM isaliye pramANakoTi meM nahIM gine jA skte| zabdoM kI zakti kAryamAtra ke prakaTana meM hai tathA duHkha se mukti karma dvArA hI saMbhava hai| isaliye pratyeka manuSya ko jIvana bhara karmAnuSThAna meM rata rahanA caahiye| yaha merA vedokta siddhAMta hai| isake pazcAt maMDana-mizra ne kahA, 'maiM pratijJA karatA hUM ki yadi maiM zAstrArtha meM hAra gayA, to meM gRhasthAzrama kA tyAga kara saMnyAsa dharma grahaNa karUMgA' | www.kobatirth.org zAstrArtha meM maMDana mizra kI hAra huii| unakI dharmapatnI bhAratI ne AcArya kI vijaya kI ghoSaNA kI tathA zaMkarAcArya se kahA, 'mere pati ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane mAtra se Apako pUrNa vijaya prApta nahIM hogI, maiM unakI ardhAMgI hUM, ataH mujhase zAstrArtha kara yadi mujhe bhI harA sake to hI ApakI jIta pUrNa hogii|' zaMkarAcArya ne bhAratI kA prastAva svIkAra kara liyaa| bahuta samaya taka donoM ke bIca zAstrArtha calatA rhaa| aMta meM bhAratI ne AcArya se kAmazAstraviSayaka prazna pUchakara AcArya ko niruttarita kara diyaa| taba AcArya ne prazna kA uttara dene ke liye 6 mAsa kA samaya maaNgaa| isa bIca unhoMne parakAyA praveza kara kAmazAstraviSayaka jJAna prApta kiyA ora pratyAvartana kara bhAratI ko usa zAstra meM bhI hraayaa| isake pazcAt maMDana mizra ne zaMkarAcArya se saMnyAsa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura unake kArya meM juTa ge| maMDapAka pArvatIzvara samaya- san 1833 se 1897 / pitA kAmakavi mAtA jogmmaa| inakA janma vizAkhApaTTaNa ke samIpa pAlaterU nAmaka dehAta meM huA thA / bobbila rAjA ke darabAra meM ye vidvatkavi the| inake saMskRta tathA telagu bhASA meM 80 gadyarUpa eMva padyarUpa graMtha prakAzita hue haiN| kavitA- vinoda-koza, sItA netR-stuti, kAzIzvarASTakam, zrIveMkaTagiriprabhudvayarthizloka kadaMba Adi inakI saMskRta racanAeM haiN| maMdikala rAmazAstrI 'meghapratisaMdezakathA' nAmaka saMdeza kAvya ke praNetA / maisUra rAjya ke aMtargata maMdikala nAmaka nagarI meM 1849 I. meM inakA janma huaa| pitA- veMkaTasubbA zAstrI, jo rathItara - gotrotpanna brAhmaNa the| mAtA akkAmbA mahArAja kRSNarAja ke sabhA - paMDita / mahArAja se agrahAra praapt| bahuta dinoM taka ye zAradA - vilAsa saMskRta pAThazAlA maisUra meM adhyakSa pada para virAjamAna rhe| inhoMne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| ve haiM Aryadharma-prakAzikA, nalavijaya, cAmarAja-kalyANacaMpU, cAmarAja- rAjyAbhiSeka caritra, kRSNarAjyAbhyudaya, bhaimI- pariNaya (nATaka) aura kuMbhAbhiSekacaMpU / zAstrIjI ko aneka saMsthAoM evaM vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kaviratna, kavi-kulAlaMkAra, kavi - 404 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ziromaNi, kavi - kulAvataMsa Adi upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| matsyendranAtha nAtha saMpradAya ke prvrtk| inake nAma ke sAtha itanI adbhuta AkhyAyikAeM jur3I haiM ki unakA vizvasanIya caritra likhanA kaThina hai| unake jIvana saMbaMdhI kucha kathAeM isa prakAra haiM (1) eka bAra eka dvIpa meM ekAMta meM baiThe hue zaMkara, pArvatI ko yoga kA upadeza de rahe the| samIpa hI bahane vAle jalapravAha meM vicaraNa karane vAlI machalI ne unakA vaha upadeza suna liyaa| usakA mana itanA ekAgra ho gayA ki use nizcalAvasthA prApta huii| bhagavAn zaMkara ne usakI vaha avasthA dekhakara usa para anugrahapUrvaka jalaprokSaNa kiyaa| matsya kA matsyeMdranAtha bana gyaa| (2) bhagavAn zaMkara dvArA apane gale meM dhAraNa kI gayI muNDamAlA ke muNDa unake pUrvajanmoM ke haiM, yaha rahasya jaya nArada muni se jaganmAtA pArvatI ko jJAta huA, taba unheM bhagavAn zaMkara ke pUrvajanma ke bAre meM jAnane kI jijJAsA huii| unhoMne apanI icchA ziva ke sAmane prakaTa kii| apane pUrvajanma kA rahasya batalAne ke liye zivajI ne samudra meM ekAMta sthAna DhUMDhA / saMyoga se usI samudra meM 12 varSo se machalI ke peTa meM palane vAle eka bAlaka ne vaha ziva-pArvatI saMvAda suna liyaa| vaha bAlaka kisI bhRguvaMzIya brAhmaNa ke yahAM gaMDAMtarayoga para paidA hone ke kAraNa pitA dvArA samudra meM pheMka diyA gayA thA, tathA use machalI ne nigala liyA thA / apanA saMvAda bAlaka ne suna liyA hai yaha jJAta hone para ziva ne usa para kRpA kii| vaha bAlaka mahAsiddha avasthA meM machalI ke peTa se bAhara niklaa| vahI mastyendranAtha (macchiMdranAtha) ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| (3) macchiMdranAtha aura gorakhanAtha guru-ziSya the| eka bAra ghUmate huye donoM prayAga meM phuNce| usa samaya vahAM ke rAjA kI mRtyu ho gayI thI / sArI prajA zokasAgara meM DUba gayI thI / gorakhanAtha prajA kA duHkha dekhakara dravita hue tathA unhoMne apane guru se anurodha kiyA ki ve rAjA ke mRta zarIra meM praveza kara use jIvita kreN| macchiMdranAtha ne ziSya kA anurodha svIkAra kara liyaa| idhara gorakhanAtha macchiMdranAtha ke nirjIva zarIra kI rakSA karate rahe, udhara macchiMdranAtha rAjapATa tathA Amoda-pramoda meM AkaMTha DUba gye| bAraha varSoM ke bAda rAniyoM ko isa rahasya kA patA claa| unhoMne macchiMdranAtha ke zarIra ke TukaDe-TukaDe karavA DAle tathA unheM cAroM ora phiMkavA diyaa| bhagavAn ziva ko yaha jJAta hote hI unhoMne apane anucara vIrabhadra ko una TukaDoM ko ekatra kara lAne ko bhejaa| vIrabhadra ne apane svAmI kI AjJA kA pAlana kiyaa| For Private and Personal Use Only

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gorakhanAtha ko isa bAta kA patA claa| ve vIrabhadra ke nikaTa gaye aura unhoMne macchiMdranAtha ke dehakhaMDa unase maaNge| vIrabhada ne asvIkAra kiyaa| taba gorakhanAtha ne vIrabhadra tathA unake sAthiyoM se yuddha kara apane guru ke dehakhaMDa unase chIna liye| gorakhanAtha ne saMjIvanI-vidyA se dehakhaMDoM ko zarIrAkRti pradAna kI ora guru ke pAsa saMdeza bhejaa| taba gurujI rAjazarIra kA tyAga kara apane mUla zarIra meM praviSTa hue| DA. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne ina AkhyAyikAoM tathA kathAoM kA parizIlana kara yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki macchiMdranAtha yogamArga ke pravartaka the paraMtu daivavazAt ve eka aisI vAmAcAra-sAdhanA meM praviSTa ho gae jisameM nirAbAdha strI-saMga anivArya thaa| matsyendranAtha ke janmakAla ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda hai| aneka itihAsavettAoM kA mata hai ki ve 8 vIM, 9 vIM yA 10 vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN| inake saMpradAya meM (1) kaulamata ke graMthoM aura (2) nAthamata ke graMthoM ko mAnyatA hai| kaulamata ke graMtha, kaulajJAnanirNaya, akulavIrataMtra, kulAnaMdataMtra, tathA jnyaanklikaa| inake atirikta kAmAkhyaguhyasiddhi, akulAgamataMtra kulArNavataMtra, kaulopaniSad, jJAnakalikA kaulAvalinirNaya Adi graMtha bhI matsyendranAtha dvArA racita batAye jAte haiN| ye sAre graMtha nepAla ke zAsakIya graMthAlaya meM upalabdha hai| __nAthamata ke graMthoM meM yogaviSayaka graMthoM tathA kucha racanAoM kA samAveza hai| nepAla ke nevAra loga matsyendranAtha ko bahuta mAnate haiN| ye loga "kRSideva" ke rUpa meM inakI pUjA karate haiN| isake liye lakaDI ke piNDa ko lAla raMga dekara utsavamUrti nirmANa karate hai| nepAla meM macchiMdranAtha para bauddhamata kA prabhAva paDA hai aura unheM avalokitezvara kA avatAra mAnA jAtA hai| pATaNa meM tathA bAghamatI ke tIra para macchiMdra kA eka-eka maMdira hai| nevAroM kI dhAraNA hai ki macchiMdranAtha kramazaH 6-6 mahine ina maMdiroM meM rahate hai| kiMvadantI hai ki jaba eka bAra nepAla meM akAla paDA, taba gorakhanAtha macchiMdranAtha ko bAghamatI ke taura para le gye| unake vahAM jAne se akAla dUra ho gyaa| zraddhAlu nevAra isa maMdira ko macchiMdranAtha kA pramukha nivAsasthAna mAnate haiN| gurakhA loga bhI inakI upAsanA karate haiN| mathita yAmAyana - eka suuktdrssttaa| Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 19 veM sUkta ke rcyitaa| bhRgu, cyavana bhI isI sUkta ke racayitA haiN| isa sUkta meM vinaSTa huA godhana punaH prApta karane kI dRSTi se prArthanA kI gayI hai| mathurAnAtha - navadvIpa (baMgAla) ke eka prasiddha navya naiyaayik|| samaya- I. 16 vIM shtaabdii| inhoMne navyanyAya ke Aloka, ciMtAmaNi va dIdhiti ina 3 prasiddha graMthoM para, 'rahasya' nAmaka TIkAeM likhI haiN| inakI TIkAeM dArzanika jagat meM maulika graMtha ke rUpa meM mAnya haiN| TIkAoM meM mUla graMthoM ke gUDhArtha kA samyak udghATana kiyA gayA hai| mathurAnAtha - inhoMne puSTimArgIya AcArya vallabha ke aNu-bhASya para 'prakAza' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| mathurAnAtha - I. 19 vIM zatAbdI ke eka jyotiSazAstrajJa / pitaa-sdaanNd| paTanA (bihAra) ke nivaasii| kAzI saMskRta pAThazAlA meM vRtti / kAzirAja zivaprasAda ke pitAmaha dayAlucaMdra kA Azraya inheM prApta huA thaa| inhoMne jyotiSaviSayaka yaMtrarAjaghaTanA tathA jyotiHsiddhAMtasAra nAmaka do graMthoM kI racanA kii| mathurAnAtha tarkavAgIza - samaya- I. 17 vIM shtii| pitA-raghunAtha shiromnni| racanAeM- AyurvedabhAvanA, tattvacintAmaNirahasyam, Aloka-rahasyam (pakSadhara mizra jayadeva ke tattvacintAmaNi Aloka kI TIkA), dIdhiti-rahasya (pitA ke graMtha kI TIkA), siddhAntarahasya, kiraNAvali-prakAza-rahasya, nyAyalIlAvatIprakAza-rahasya, nyAyalIlAvatI-rahasya, bauddhadhikkAra-rahasya aura aadikriyaavivek| mathurAprasAda dIkSita (ma.ma.) - janma san 1878 meM, bhagavantanagara grAma (jilA haradoI u.pra.) meN| pitA-badarInAtha / mAtA- kuntiidevii| pitAmaha- harihara (prasiddha AyurvedAcArya) ptnii-gauriidevii| putra-sadAziva dIkSita (saMskRta naattkkaar)| inakI kRtiyoM kI saMkhyA 24 haiM, jinameM 6 nATaka haiN| kRtiyAM :- nirNaya-ratnAkara, nArAyaNa-bali-nirNaya, kAzIzAstrArtha, kutarka-taru-kuThAra, kalidUtamukhamardana, jainarahasya, kuNDagolanirNaya, mandira-praveza-nirNaya, Adarza-laghukaumudI, varNasaMkara-jAti-nirNaya, paNinIya-siddhAnta-kaumudI, mAtRdarzana, samAsa-cintAmaNi, kelikutUhala, prAkRtaprakAza, rogimRtyu-vijJAna, gaurI-vyAkaraNa, pRthvIrAjarAso kI TIkA, pAli-prAkRta vyAkaraNa aura kvitaa-rhsy| ___ aprakAzita nATaka - vIra-pratApa, vIra-pRthvIrAja-vijaya, bhArata-vijaya, bhakta-sudarzana, zaMkaravijaya, gAMdhIvijaya, bhuubhaaroddhrnn| aprakAzita nATaka- jAnakI-pariNaya, yudhiSThirarAjya, kaurvocit-bhrssttaacaar-saamraajy| aprakAzita kAvyabhagavat-nakha-zikha-varNanazataka, naard-shiv-vrnnn| inake atirikta, 'abhidhAna-rAjendra-koza' kA aMzataH sampAdana / 'pRthvIrAjarAso' kI gaveSaNAtmaka TIkA para, 'mahAmahopAdhyAya' kI upAdhi praapt| madanapAla - kannauja ke nRpti| candradeva ke putr| inakA zilAlekha prApta (1104-1109 I. kaa)| racanA-AnandasaMjIvana (sNgiit-vissyk)| zabdakoza tathA dharmazAstra para bhI inakI racanA hai| madanapAla - I. 14 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / 'nUtanabhojarAja' isa upAdhi se vibhuussit| madanavinodaH aura madanapArijAtaH (Ayurveda-viSayaka), tithinirNayasAgara aura sUryasiddhAntaviveka (jyotiHzAstra- viSayaka) aura maMtraprakAza Adi anya viSayoM saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 405 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ke pranthoM ke lekhk| madanavinoda grantha meM Ayurveda kI aneka vanaspatiyoM ke guNadharmoM kA varNana hai| madana bAlasarasvatI - I. 13 vIM shtii| gaudddeshiiy| dhAra ke paramAra rAjA arjunadeva ke guru / 'pArijAta-maMjarI' nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| madabhUSI veMkaTAcArya - I. 19-20 vIM shtii| anantAcArya ke putra, naidhruvakAzyapa gotra, pUrva godAvarI jile ke sAmalakoTa ke nivaasii| racanA- arjunAdimatasAra (sNgiit-vissyk)| anya racanA-zuddhasattvam (naattk)| madhura kavi - vaajivNsh| bhAradvAja gotra / pitaa-vissnn| maataa-naagaambikaa| vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka bukkarAya ke putra harihara (dvitIya- 1377-1404 I.) ke maMtrI ke Azrita kvi| dakSiNa karnATaka ke vaasii| racanA- dharmanAtha-purANa aura gommttaassttk| madhucchaMdA - Rgveda ke prathama maMDala ke prathama dasa tathA navama maMDala ke prathama sUkta ke drssttaa| vizvAmitra muni ke sau putroM meM se ye 51 veM putra the| ye zAMti ke purohita the| inheM dharmarAja yudhiSThira dvArA rAjasUya yajJa ke liye AmaMtrita kiyA gayA thaa| (bhAgavata- 10-74-9 tathA vAyupurANa 91-96) / inheM jetA tathA adhamarSaNa nAmaka do putra the| inhoMne Rgveda ke liye tathA inake pitA ne arthavaveda ke liye RcAyeM racIM thii| isaliye inheM atharvaveda tathA Rgveda ke bIca kI kaDI / mAnate haiN| madhuravANI - samaya- 17 vIM shtii| kucha logoM ke anusAra ye taMjaura ke rAjA raghunAtha nAyaka kI patnI, to kucha logoM ke anusAra rAjasabhA kI kavayitrI thiiN| telagu, prAkRta tathA saMskRta para inakA samAna rUpa se adhikAra thA tathA ve tInoM bhASAoM meM kavitAyeM karatI thiiN| ye samasyApUrti meM atyaMta nipuNa thiiN| ye vINA uttama bajAtI thIM tathA kahA jAtA hai ki usake kAraNa hI inakA nAma madhuravANI pracalita huaa| inhoMne eka telagu rAmAyaNa kA saMskRta rUpAMtara kiyA hai| prastata rUpAMtara kI saMdara kAMDa taka kI racanA upalabdha hai| isa rUpAMtara ke viSaya meM eka kiMvadantI pracalita hai| eka bAra raghunAtha kI rAjasabhA meM unake dvArA racita telagu rAmAyaNa kA pATha ho rahA thaa| usa samaya vahAM upasthita kavayitriyoM se rAjA ne pUchA ki kyA unameM se koI usa kAvya kA saMskRta meM rUpAMtara kara sakatI hai| koI prastuttara nahIM milA paraMtu rAtri ko rAjA ko svapna meM dRSTAMta huA ki vaha madhuravANI se usa kAvya kA saMskRta meM rUpAntara karavA le| rAjAjJA se madhuravANI ne vaha kAma pUrNa kiyaa| madhusUdana - kRSNasarasvatI ke ziSya / nArAyaNa ke putra / rcnaakRssnnkutuuhlm| madhusUdanajI ojhA (samIkSA cakravartI) - janma I. 1845 meM, bihAra prAnta ke gADhA grAma (jilA mujapharapura) meN| pitApaM. baidyanAtha ojhA, ucca kSeNI ke vidvAna / santAnahIna kAkA ke dattaka putra / jayapura rAjya-paNDita kAkA ke pAsa adhyayana / jayapura nareza tathA kAkA ke dehAnta se apane pitA ke ghara vApisa lotte| vArANasI meM Age kA adhyayana kiyaa| 17 varSa kI Ayu meM vivAha / adhyayanoparAnta aneka saMsthAnoM meM paribhramaNa ke bAda jayapura ke mahArAjA saMskRta kAleja meM vedAnta ke prAdhyApaka, rAjagranthAlaya ke pramukha tathA dharmasabhAdhyakSa hue| jayapura-nareza ke sAtha san 1902 meM iMglaiDa kA pravAsa huaa| vahAM kembrija vi.vi. meM saMskRta meM veda-vijJAna tathA veda-itihAsa para vyaakhyaan| maikaDonela, beMDAla Adi vidvAnoM dvArA mahAn stkaar| san 1915 meM 70 varSa kI Ayu meM dehAnta / lagabhaga 50 varSoM taka vaidika vijJAna tathA itihAsa kA anveSaNa kara kramabaddha sUtra taiyAra kiyaa| ataH inheM Adhunika RSi mAnate haiN| madhusUdanajI ne prabhUta mAtrA meM lekhana kArya kiyaa| unake putra pradyumnajI ojhA ne lagabhaga 50 grantha prakAzita kiye| abhI bhI aprakAzita hastalikhitoM kI sUcI baDI hai| inakI racanAeM yojanAbaddha thiiN| racanAeM- brahma-vijJAna-khaNDa- (upavibhAga divy-vibhuuti)| 1. jagadguru-vaibhava, 2. svargasandeza, 3. indravijaya (upa vibhAga-ukthavairAjika)- 4. sadasadvAda, 5. vyomavAda, 6. aparavAda, 7. AvaraNavAda, 8. ambhovAda, 9. ahorAtravAda, 10. saMzayataducchedavAda, 11. dshkvaad-rhsym| (upa vibhAga-AryahRdayasarvasva)- 12. gItAvijJAnabhASyasya prathama rahasya-kANDam, 13. gItAvijJAna. dvitIya-rahasya-kANDama, 14. gItA.- tRtIyaM AcAryakANDam, 15. gItA- caturtha hRdayakANDam, 16. zArIraka-vijJAna bhASyasya prathamaH bhAgaH, 17. zArIrakadvitIyaH bhAgaH, 18. zArIrakavimarzaH (upavibhAga-vijJAnapravezikA)19. vijJAna-vidyut, 20. brahmavijJAna-pravezikA, 21. brahmavijJAnam / (upavibhAga-sAyanya pradIpa) 22. paMcabhUtasamIkSA, 233. vastusamIkSA, yajJa-vijJAnakhaMDa (u.vi.-nicitkalApa) 24. devtaanivit| (u.vi.-yajJamadhusUdana) 25. smArtakuNDasamIkSAdhyAya / 26. yajJopakaraNAdhyAya, 27. yajJaviTapAdhyAyaH, 28. kamanikramaNikAdhyAya, 29. AdhidaivikAdhyAya / (u.vi.-yajJavijJAna- paddhati) 30. yajJasarasvatI, 31. chandobhyastA, (u.vi.-prayoga-pArijAta) 32. nirUDha pazubaddha, purANasamIkSAkhaMDa- (u.vi.-vizvavikAsa)- 33. purANotpatti prasaMga, 34. 35.vaidika upAkhyAna, (u.vi.-devayugAbhAsa) 36. devAsurakhyAti, 37. mAdhvakhyAti, 38. atrikhyAti, (u.vi.-prasaMgacarcitaka) 39. purANAdhikaraNa vedAMgasamIkSA khaNDa- (u.vi.-vAkyadikA)- 40. vaidikakoza, 41. padanirukta, (u.vi.-jyotizcakradhara)- 42. kaadmbinii| (u.vi.-AtmasaMskArakalpa)- 43. pitRsamIkSA, 44. azaucapaMjikA, 45. dharmaparIkSA paMcikA, (u.vi.-pariziSTAnugraha) 406 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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46. kauzItakyupaniSat, 47. aitareyopaniSat, 48. pratyantaprasthAna-mImAMsA, 49. vedadharmavyAkhyAna, 50. vedaarth-shrm-nivaarnn| isa granthAvalI se yaha spaSTa hai ki zrI ojhAjI Adhunika yuga ke sarvazreSTha saMskRta lekhaka the| inakA likhA jAnakIharaNa nAmaka mahAkAvya (88 pRSThabaddha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| iMglaiNDa meM diye vyAkhyAnoM ko 'vedadharma-vyAkhyAnam' meM granthabaddha kiyA hai| madhusUdana-sarasvatI - samaya- I. 17 vIM zatI kA pUrvA rdh| pitA- pramodana puraMdara / braahmnn-kul| bhAgavata ke upajIvya TIkAkAroM meM se ek| rAmacarita-mAnasa (tulasI rAmAyaNa) ke praNetA gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI ke samakAlIna ye advaitavAdI AcArya kevala zuSka jJAnamArga ke anuyAyI paMDita nahIM the, pratyuta bhaktirasa ke vyAkhyAtA evaM bhaktisnigdha hRdayasaMpanna sAdhaka the| bhakti-rasa kI zAstrIya vyAkhyA ke nimitta inhoMne apanA mahanIya svataMtra graMtha racA hai 'bhkti-rsaayn'| isameM ekamAtra bhakti ko parama rasa siddha kiyA gayA hai| 'AnaMda-maMdAkinI' inakI eka aura kRti hai| 'advaita-siddhi' hai inakI mUrdhanya racanA, jisameM dvaitavAdiyoM ke tarko kA khaNDana karate hue advaitamata kI yuktimattA siddha kI gaI hai| inake matAnusAra paramAnaMda rUpa paramAtmA ke prati pradarzita rati hI paripUrNa rasa hai, aura zrRMgAra Adi rasoM se vaha usI prakAra prabala hai jisa prakAra khadyotoM se sUrya kI prabhA - paripUrNa-rasA kSudrarasebhyo bhagavad-ratiH / khadyotebhya ivAdityaprabheva blvttraa|| - (bhaktirasAyana 2-78) mAnasakAra gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI kI prakhyAta prazasti Apa hI ne likhI thii| AnaMdakAnane hyasmin jnggmstulsiitruH| kavitAmaMjarI yasya rAmabhramara-bhUSitA / / inakA janma to huA thA baMgAla ke pharIdapura jile ke koTalipADA nAmaka gAva meM, parantu inakI karmasthalI kAzI hI rhii| yahIM rahakara inhoMne apane pAMDityapUrNa graMtha-ratnoM kA praNayana kiyaa| ye vedAMta ke prakAMDa paMDita, rasasiddha kavi evaM mahAn bhagavadbhakta the| navadvIpa meM harirAma tarkavAgIza tathA mAdhava sarasvatI ke pAsa adhyayana ke pazcAt ve kAzI gaye tathA vahAM aneka vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyaa| inhoMne vizvezvara tIrtha se saMnyAsadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| ye advaita vedAnta ke kaTTara upAsaka the| "advaitasiddhi' nAmaka graMtha meM inhoMne advaita-siddhAnta kA maNDana kiyA hai| inake pUrvavartI AcAyoM ne advaita siddhAnta ke pratipAdana ke liye pramukhatA se zrutiyoM ko hI pramANabhUta mAnA thA, madhusUdana sarasvatI ne pradhAnataH anumAna pramANa ke AdhAra para advaita-siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI hai| advaita-vedAnta para inhoMne 'siddhAntabiMdu' yA 'siddhAntatattvabiMdu', 'vedAntakalpalatikA', 'saMkSepazArIraka-vyAkhyA', advaitasiddhi', advaitaratnarakSaNa' tathA 'prasthAnabheda' nAmaka graMtha likhe haiN| inhoMne gItA para 'gUDhArthadIpikA' nAmaka bhASya bhI likhA hai| ye kRSNa ke ananya bhakta the| kRSNabhakti ke sAmane ve anya bAtoM ko tuccha mAnate the dhyAnAbhyAsavazIkRtena manasA tannirguNaM niSkriyaM / jyotiH kiMcana yogino yadi paraM pazyanti pazyantu te| asmAkaM tu tadeva locanacamatkArAya bhUyAcciraM / kAlindIpulinodare kimapi yannIlaM maho dhAvati / / __ artha- dhyAna ke abhyAsa se jinakA mana vazIbhUta ho cukA ho cukA hai, aise yogiyoM ko yadi nirguNa tathA niSkriya parama jyoti kA darzana hotA ho to hone do| hamAre netroM ko to kAliMdI taTa para dauDane vAlA zyAmala teja (zrIkRSNa kA bAlarUpa) hI sukha detA hai| inhoMne mahimnaHstotra kI zivaparaka tathA viSNuparaka vyAkhyA kara donoM meM abheda dikhAyA hai aura bhAgavata para TIkA likhI hai| madhvAcArya - dvaitamata ke pratiSThApaka madhvAcArya ke samaya ke bAre meM vidvAnoM kA ekamata nahIM kiMtu upalabdha zilAlekha evaM avAMtarakAlIna dvaita matAvalaMbI graMthakAroM ke graMthoM se prApta jAnakArI ke AdhAra para itihAsa lekhakoM ne sapramANa siddha kara diyA hai ki madhvAcArya kA jIvana-kAla 1238 I. se 1317 I. taka vyApta thaa| isa viSaya meM aba do mata nahIM ho skte| nArAyaNa paMDitAcArya ne apane 'madhva-vijaya' nAmaka graMtha meM AcArya kI sabase prAcIna jIvanI upalabdha kI hai jo ghaTanAoM ke tAratamya evaM nirUpaNa meM pramANa mAnI jAtI hai| madhva kA janma, vartamAna maisUra rAjya meM prasiddha kSetra uDupI se lagabhaga 8 mIla dakSiNa-pUrva 'pAjaka' nAmaka grAma meM, tulu brAhmaNa ke ghara meM huA thaa| unake pitA ke kannaDa bhASIya kuTuMba-nAma kA saMskRta rUpa 'madhyageha' tathA 'madhyamaMdira' mAnA jAtA hai| 7 varSa kI Ayu meM upanIta hokara inhoMne bar3e parizrama tathA niSThA se veda-zAstra kA adhyayana kiyaa| 16 varSa kI Ayu meM gRha-tyAga kara inhoMne apane vedAMtI guru acyutaprekSa se dIkSA grahaNa kii| dIkSita hone para inakA nayA nAma huA pUrNaprajJa kintu thoDI hI kAlAvadhi ke uparAMta, vedAMta-viSaya meM guru-ziSya ke bIca matabheda utpanna ho gyaa| mAyAvAda tathA advaita ke prati inake mana meM tIvra avahelanA nirmANa huI, aura inhoMne apane svataMtra dvaita-mata ko pratiSThita kiyaa| kucha dinoM taka uDupI meM inhoMne nivAsa kiyA tathA acyutaprekSa ke ziSyoM ko ve dvaita-vedAMta paDhAte rhe| phira inhoMne dakSiNa bhArata kI yAtrA kI aura vahAM ke vidvAnoM ko apane navIna mata kA upadeza saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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dekara uDupI lautte| uDupI meM inhoMne sarvaprathama gItA para bhASya likhaa| madhvAcArya ne uttara bhArata kI do bAra yAtrA kii| himAlaya ke badarInAtha meM kucha dinoM taka rahakara ye mahAbadarikAzrama (vedavyAsa ke Azrama) phuce| inhoMne vahAM para kucha mAsa taka nivAsa kiyA aura vedavyAsa kI kRpA se ubuddha pratibhA ke dvArA vahIM para brahmasUtra kA bhASya likhaa| madhvAcArya ke sAtha unakI ziSya-maMDalI bhI thii| pazcAt bihAra-baMgAla hote hue ve lauTe, aura godAvarI tIrastha zobhanatIrtha nAma se unake ziSya bne| uDupI lauTane para inhoMne maTha sthApita kiyA aura zrIkRSNa kI suMdara mUrti pratiSThita kii| unakI ziSya-paraMparA bar3hane lagI tathA inake dvaita upadezoM ne janatA evaM vidvAnoM ko apanI aura AkRSTa kiyaa| inhoMne anuSThAna-paddhati meM sudhAra kie, evaM vaidika yajJoM meM pazu-bali ke sthAna para piSTa-pazu (ATe ke bane pazu) kA vidhAna apane anuyAyiyoM ke liye nirdiSTa kiyaa| ___ isake anaMtara madhvAcArya ne uttara bhArata kI dvitIya yAtrA ke liye prasthAna kiyA, aura dillI, kurukSetra, kAzI tathA govA kI yAtrA karate hue lautte| isa kAla meM inhoMne dasoM upaniSadoM para bhASya, dasa prakaraNa evaM bhAgavata tathA mahAbhArata para vyAkhyAeM likhakara apane mata kI pUrNa pratiSThA kA samucita udyoga kiyaa| __kahate haiM ki madhvAcArya ke prakhara khaMDana se udvigna hokara advaitI logoM ne ina para AkramaNa karane kA prayatna kiyA, inake bahumUlya pustakAlaya ko dhvasta karane hetu bhI ve prayatnazIla rahe, kintu sthAnIya rAjA jayasiMha ke prayatnoM se unakI pustakeM unheM vApasa mila gii| inhIM jayasiMha ke sabhA-paMDita trivikrama paMDitAcArya kA madhvaanuyAyI bana jAnA usa kAla kI baDI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA hai, kyoMki ve advaitI paMDitoM ke pramukha agraNI the| madhvAcArya ke Adeza para trivikrama ne AcArya ke brahmasUtra-bhASya para "tattva-pradIpa" nAmaka apanI prauDha vyAkhyA likhI aura Age calakara trivikrama ke putra nArAyaNa paMDitAcArya ne 'madhva-vijaya' nAmaka AcArya kI prAmANika jIvanI likhii| isI kAla meM madhvAcArya ne apane sarvazreSTha graMtha 'anu-vyAkhyAna' kA praNayana kiyaa| isI samaya AcArya ne uDupI meM aSTa maThoM kI sthApanA kii| sAtha hI pUjana-arcana meM saMlagna rahate hue AcArya ne nyAya-vivaraNa, karma-nirNaya tathA kRSNAmRtamahArNava nAmaka tIna graMthoM kI racanA kii| isa prakAra ziSya-samudAya evaM graMtha-saMpatti ka dvArA dvaita-mata pratiSThita haa| madhvAcArya ke jIvana kA uddezya saphala ho gyaa| taba mAgha zukla navamI tithi ko 1318 I. meM 79 kI Ayu pUrNa kara AcArya isa dharA-dhAma se ekAeka aMtarhita hue| sAMpradAyikoM kI dhAraNA hai ki ve vedavyAsajI ke nikaTa badarikAzrama cale ge| madhvAcArya, AnaMdatIrtha bhI kahalAte the| kahate haiM ki jaba ve himAlaya ke vyAsAzrama gae the taba vyAsajI ne prasanna hokara unheM zAligrAma kI 3 mUrtiyAM dI thiiN| ina mUrtiyoM ko AcArya ne 3 kSetroM- subrahamaNyam, uDupI tathA madhyatala meM pratiSThita kiyaa| samudra-tala se nikAlI gaI zrIkRSNa mUrti kI bhI pratiSThApanA unhoMne uDupI meM kii| tabhI se yaha sthAna mAdhvoM ke liye AcArya-pITha evaM vizeSa tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai| yahIM para AcArya ne apane ziSyoM kI suvidhA ke liye 8 maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA, jinameM sItA-rAma, lakSmaNa-sItA, dvibhuja kAliyA-damana, caturbhuja kAliyA-damana, viTThala Adi 8 mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA kii| madhvAcArya ne apane jIvana ke AraMbha-kAla se hI siddhAMta-graMthoM ke praNayana kA mahanIya kArya apane hAtha meM liyA thaa| choTe baDe milAkara unake 37 graMtha hai, jinheM samaveta rUpa se 'sarva-mUla' kahA jAtA hai| sarva-mUla ke devanAgarI saMskaraNa, kuMbhakoNam tathA belagAMva se prakAzita hue haiN| __AcArya ke ina graMthoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai- prasthAnatrayI para vyAkhyA (16 graMtha), daza-prakaraNa (10 graMtha), tAtparyaM-graMtha (inakI saMkhyA 3 hai) aura kAvya-graMtha (8) / kaMduka-stuti nAmaka 38 vIM laghutama kRti ko, 'sarva-mUla' meM samAviSTa nahIM kiyA jaataa| yaha AcArya ke bAlya-kAla kI racanA hai| madhvAcArya kI vizeSatA thI, apane vyAkhyAna evaM mata kI puSTi vividha prAcIna graMthoM ke uddharaNoM se krnaa| unameM se Ajakala aneka ajJAta athavA alpajJAta haiM tathA katipaya graMthoM kA patA bhI nahIM cltaa| unake vistRta adhyayana, gaMbhIra anuzIlana evaM pragADha pAMDitya kA paricaya unake dvArA praNIta graMthoM se bhalI-bhAMti milatA hai| janma aura saMnyAsa viSayaka vizeSa- inake pitA kA nAma tulu (madhyagehabhaTTa) tathA mAtA kA nAma vedavatI thaa| inake janma ke pUrva madhyagehabhaTTa ke do putra aura eka putrI thI, paraMtu donoM putra bacapana meM hI cala base the| ataH madhyagehabhaTTa (tulu) ne putra-prApti ke liye uDupI ke anaMtezvara kI upAsanA kii| unakI kRpA se unheM putraprApti huii| putra kA nAma vAsudeva rakhA gyaa| upanayana-saMskAra ke pazcAt jaba vAsudeva ne vedAdhyayana tathA zAstrAdhyayana pUrNa kiyA to mAtA-pitA ne vAsudeva ke sAmane vivAha kA prastAva rkhaa| paraMtu vaiSNava bhakti kA pracAra hI jIvita-kArya hai tathA usakI pUrti saMnyAsa-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kiye binA saMbhava nahIM yaha unakI daDha dhAraNA hone se mAtA pitA ke prastAva ke prati udAsIna rhe| eka bAra uDupI meM acyutaprekSa nAmaka eka vidvAn yati kA Agamana huaa| madhvAcArya ko samAcAra milate hI ghara para kisI ko bhI sUcanA na dete hue ve uDupI cale gye| vahAM umhoMne acyutaprekSa se anurodha kiyA ki ve unheM saMnyAsadharma 408 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kI dIkSA deN| acyutaprekSa ne unheM saMnyAsa kI dIkSA nahIM dI paraMtu unheM apane sAnnidhya meM rakha liyaa| mAtA-pitA ko isa bAta kA samAcAra milate hI ve donoM, putra ko ghara lauTA lAne ke liye uDupi gye| unhoMne madhvAcArya ko saMnyAsadharma grahaNa karane se parAvRtta karane kA prayatna kiyaa| paraMtu madhvAcArya apane nizcaya se Dige nahI kiMtu unhoMne pitA se kahA ki jaba taka unake eka aura bhAI nahIM hotA taba taka ve ghara para raheMge tathA saMnyAsadIkSA grahaNa nahIM kreNge| isake pazcAt alpAvadhi meM hI madhvAcArya kI mAtA garbhavatI huI tathA yathAkAla unake eka putra huaa| isake bAda madhvAcArya punazca uDupI gae tathA unhoMne acyutaprekSa se saMnyAsadIkSA grahaNa kii| unakA nAma pUrNaprajJatIrtha rakhA gayA thA paraMtu logoM meM unakA madhvAcArya nAma hI pracalita rhaa| manu vaivasvata - Rgveda ke 8 veM maMDala ke 27 se 31 taka ke sUktoM ke drssttaa| ina saba sUktoM kA viSaya vizvedevastuti hai| inameM se 29 vAM sUkta prasiddha kUTasUkta hai| usameM 10 RcAyeM hai| pratyeka RcA kI svataMtra devatA kA sthUla cinha se kUTasadRza ullekha isa prakAra hai 1. babhra (soma), 2. yoni (agni), 3. vAzI. (tvaSTA), 4. vajra (iMdra), 5. jalASabheSaja (rudra), 6. patha (pUSA), 7. urudhanu (viSNu), 8. sahapravAsI (azvinIkumAra), 9. samrATa (mitrAvaruNa), 10. sUryaprakAza (atri athavA suury)| ___30 veM sUkta kI devatA azvinI hai| 31 veM sUkta meM yajamAna-prazaMsA, daMpatIprazaMsA tathA daMpatI ko AzIrvAda hai| ise Rgveda meM manusAvarNI saMjJA hai| kahate haiM ki vaivasvata inakA paitRka nAma hai aura sAvarNI mAtRvaMzasUcaka nAma hai| yadu, turvaza, manu vaivasvata ke samakAlIna tathA mAMDalika the| ye iMdra ke kRpApAtra the| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra jalapralaya se jagat kI inhoMne rakSA kI thii| ye dAnazUra the| mammaTAcArya - samaya- I. 12 vIM shtii| 'rAjAnaka' kI upAdhi / inake nAma se jJAta hotA hai ki ye kAzmIra nivAsI rahe hoNge| inhoMne 'kAvyaprakAza' nAmaka yugapravartaka kAvyazAstrIya graMtha kA praNayana kiyA hai jisakI mahattA va garimA ke kAraNa ye 'vAgdevatAvatAra' kahe jAte haiN| 'kAvyaprakAza' kI 'sudhAkara' nAmaka TIkA ke praNetA bhImasena dIkSita ne inheM kAzmIradezIya jaiyaTa kA putra tathA pataMjalikRta 'mahAbhASya' ke TIkAkAra kaiyaTa evaM caturvedabhAskara uvvaTa kA jyeSTha bhrAtA mAnA hai| para isa vivaraNa ko Adhunika vidvAn prAmANika nahIM maante| isI prakAra naiSadhakAra zrIharSa ko mammaTa kA bhAgineya kahane kI anuzruti bhI pUrNataH saMdigdha hai, kyoM ki zrIharSa kAzmIrI nahIM the| 'alaMkArasarvasva' ke praNetA ruyyaka ne 'kAvyaprakAza' kI TIkA likhI hai aura isakA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| ruyyaka kA samaya 1128-1149 I. ke AsapAsa hai| ataH mammaTa kA samaya unake pUrva hI siddha hotA hai| yaha avazya hai ki ruyyaka, mammaTa ke 40 yA 50 varSa bAda hI hue hoNge| 'kAvyaprakAza' ke praNetA ke prazna ko lekara bhI vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai ki mammaTa ne saMpUrNa graMtha kI racanA akele nahIM kI hai| paraMtu aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para AcArya mammaTa hI isa saMpUrNa graMtha ke praNetA siddha hote haiN| kAvyaprakAza ke atirikta zabdavyApAravicAra tathA saMgItaratnAvalI nAmaka do anya graMtha bhI inhoMne likhe haiN| ___ inakA pramukha graMtha kAvyaprakAza, saMskRta- sAhitya zAstra kA AkaragraMtha mAnA jAtA hai| usake saMbaMdha meM kahA jAtA hai ki "kAvyaprakAzasya kRtA gRhe gRhe TIkA tathApyeSa tathaiva durgamaH" arthAt kAvyaprakAza para ghara-ghara meM TIkA likhI gaI, paraMtu vaha durgama hI hai| manyu tApasa- Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 83 veM tathA 84 veM sUkta ke dRSTA / ina sUktoM meM raNadevatA kI stuti hai jaise : agniriva manyo tviSitaH sahasya-senAnInaH sahure hUta edhi / hatvAya zatrun vibhajasva veda ojo mimAno vi kRdho nudasva / / (10-84-2) artha- agnizikhAsadRza, tejasvI, zatrusaMhAraka, yuddhanimaMtrita tathA baladAtA manyudevatA hamAre senApati hokara Apa hameM vipula dhana deN| yahI sUkta atharvaveda meM bhI hai| (4-31-32) / maya- dakSiNa bhArata ke eka shilpshaastrjny| inhoMne zilpazAstra para mayamata, mayazilpa, mayazilpazatikA tathA zilpazAstravidhAna nAmaka cAra graMtha likhe haiN| aMtima graMtha meM pAMca prakaraNa haiM tathA usame mUrti-racanA kA UhApoha hai| mayUrabhaTTa - samaya- I. 7 vIM shtii| kAzI ke pUrva meM nivAsa / 'sUryazataka' ke rcyitaa| saMskRta meM mayUra nAmaka kaI lekhaka milate haiM udAharaNArtha bANa ke saMbaMdhI mayUrabhaTTa, 'padmacaMdrikA' nAmaka graMtha ke lekhaka mayUra, siMhaladvIpa ke lekhaka mayUrapAda thera aadi| kiMtu 'sUryazataka' ke praNetA mayUrabhaTTa ina sabhI se bhinna evaM prAcIna haiN| ye bANabhaTTa ke samakAlIna the aura donoM harSavardhana kI sabhA meM sammAna pAte the| ye bANa ke saMbaMdhI, saMbhavataH jAmAta kahe gae haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki inheM kuSTha-roga ho gayA thA aura usakI nivRtti ke ke liye inhoMne 'sUryazataka' kI racanA kI thii| bANa aura mayUra ke saMbaMdha meM eka AkhyAyikA pracalita hai :- eka bAra rAtri ko bANa pati-patnI kA premakalaha huaa| taba bANa ne patnI ko prasanna karane ke liye nimna zloka kahanA prArambha kiyAgataprAyA rAtriH kRzatanu zazI zIryata iva pradIpo'yaM nidrAvazamupagato ghUrNata iv| praNAmAnto mAnastyajasi na tathApi krudhmho|| saMyogavaza tabhI mayUra vahAM bANa se milane ke liye saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 409 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pahuMce the| unhoMne uparyukta tIna caraNa suna liye the| ataH cauthA caraNa svayaM unhoMne hI isa prakAra pUrNa kara DAlA- 'kucapratyAsatyA hRdayamapi te caNDi ktthinm|' caturtha caraNa sunakara bANa ko krodha ho aayaa| unhoMne mayUra ko zApa diyA ki vaha kuSTharogI hogaa| zApanivRtti kaliya mayUra ne sUryastutiparaka sau zloka (sragdharA vRtta meM) likhe| taba unakI roga se mukti huii| upayakta zloka kA artha hai- he kazAMgi rAtri prAyaH samApta hotI AyI hai| caMdra phIkA paDa gayA hai| yaha dIpa bhI nidrAvaza hokara bujhane ko hai| pati ke caraNa chUne para (patnI kA) mAna dUra hotA hai, paraMtu tUne abhI taka krodha nahIM choDA hai| he caNDi, kaThina stanoM ke samIpa rahane se terA hRdaya bhI kaThina ho gayA hai| mayUreza - vaidika rudra sUkta ke bhaassykaar| guru kA naamkaivlyendr| bhASyanirmiti kA zaka 1634 / apane bhASya ko mayUreza 'atigUDha' batAte haiN| yaha bhASya caitra zukla caturthI zaka 'vikRt' meM unhoMne pUrNa kiyaa| malayagiri - gujarAta-nivAsI mNtrshaastrjny| samaya- I. 11-12 vIM shtii| hemacandrasUri tathA devendrasUri ke smkaaliin| graMtha-1. bhagavatIsUtra- dvitIya zataka-vRtti, 2. rAjapraznIyopAMga TIkA, 3. jIvAbhigamopAMga TIkA, 4. prajJApanopAMga TIkA, 5. candraprajJaptyupAMga TIkA, 6. sUryaprajJaptyupAMga TIkA, 7. naMdisUtraTIkA, 8. vyavahArasUtra vRtti, 9. brahmakalpa pIThikAvRtti (apUrNa), 10. Avazyaka-vRtti (apUrNa) 11. piNDaniyukti TIkA, 12. jyotiSkaraNDakaTIkA, 13. dharmasaMgrahaNI vRtti, 14. karmaprakRtti, 15. paMcasaMgrahavRtti, 16. SaDazItivRtti, 17. saptatikAvRtti, 18. bRhatsaMgrahaNIvRtti, 19. bRhatkSetrasamAsavRtti aura 20. malayagiri-zabdAnuzAsana / sUtra gAthA Adi kA spaSTIkaraNa prAkRta-saMskRta uddharaNoM ke saath| malayakavi- racanAeM- (1) 'mInAkSI-pariNaya' (aThAraha sarga) (2) 'kAmAkSI-vilAsa' aura (3) 'tArakAsura vadha' mallaya yajvA - mahAbhASyapradIpa para TippaNI ke lekhk| inake putra tirumala yajvA ne apane darzapUrNamAsamantra bhASya meM isa TippaNI kA ullekha kiyA hai| rAja,-hasta,-pusta, madrAsa meM uplbdh| tirumala ne bhI eka bhASya 'pradIpa' para likhA jo aprApya hai| mallinAtha - suprasiddha paMca mahAkAvyoM tathA meghadUta ke TIkAkAra tathA nyAsadyota nAmnI zAstrIya TIkA ke lekhk| samaya- I. kI 14 vIM shtii| nivAsasthAna- kolAcalam (ji.-medaka, AMdhrapradeza) ke telaMga braahmnn| mallinAtha kI TIkAeM sAhityakSetra meM Adarza mAnI jAtI haiN| "nAmUlaM likhyate kiMcit nAnapekSitamucyate" arthAt merI TIkA meM nirAdhAra tathA anepekSita kucha bhI likhA nahI hai- yaha inakI pratijJA thii| mallinAtha kI TIkAoM meM unakA sarvakaSa pAMDitya dikhAI detA hai| inake pitA kA nAma kapardI thA aura rAjA siMgabhUpAla ne apane 16 veM yajJa ke avasara para inakA svarNa-mauktikoM se abhiSeka kiyA thaa| malliSeNa - samaya- I. 11 vIM shtii| kavi aura maThAdhipati bhaTTAraka / mantra-tantra aura rogopacAra meM pravRtta / kAryakSetra- karnATaka ke dhAravADa jile kA mUlagunda nAmaka sthaan| cAmuNDarAya ke guru ajitasena kI paramparA meM diikssit| ___ racanAeM- 1. nAgakumArakAvya (5 sarga) 2. mahApurANa (2000 zloka), 3. bhairavapadyAvatIkalpa (10 adhikAra aura 400 anuSTupa), 4. sarasvatI-mantrakalpa (75 padya tathA kucha gadya), 5. jvAlinIkalpa aura 6. kaamcaannddaaliiklp| mallisena - jyotiSa-zAstra ke eka AcArya / janma- 1043 ii.| inake pitA jinasena sUri jaina-dharmAvalaMbI the| karnATaka ke dhAravADa jile meM sthita gadaga nAmaka grAma ke nivaasii| prAkRta tathA saMskRta donoM hI bhASAoM ke pNddit| inhoMne 'AryasadbhAva' nAmaka jyotiSa zAstrIya graMtha kI racanA kI hai| isa graMtha ke aMta meM inhoMne batAyA hai ki jyotiSa-zAstra ke dvArA bhUta, bhaviSya tathA vartamAna kA jJAna prApta hotA hai| yaha vidyA kisI anadhikArI vyakti ko nahIM denI caahiye| mahAdeva - I. 17 vIM shtii| gotr-kaunnddinny| pitA-kRSNasUri taMjAvara ke nikaTa kAverI ke taTa para palamAranerI ke nivAsI / guru-baalkRssnn| rAmabhadra dIkSita ke satIrtha / zAharAja (zahAjI bhosale) ke dvArA donoM satIrthoM ko 1693 meM pradatta agrahAra meM bhaag| mahAdeva ko rAmabhadra dIkSita se tigunA bhAga milaa| racanA- adbhutadarpaNa nAmaka nau aMkoM kA adbhutarasa pradhAna naattk| mahAdeva - racanA- prpNcaamRtsaar| isa kA viSaya hai rAmAnuja ke viziSTAdvaita tathA mAdhvadvaita-siddhAnta kA khaNDana tathA advaitamata kI sthaapnaa| marAThI anuvAda uplbdh| mahAbala - bhAradvAja gotrIya braahmnn| pitA-rAthideva / maataa-raajiykkaa| guru- mAdhavacandra vidy| kavi ke AzrayadAtArAjA ketnaayk| samaya- I. 13 vIM shtii| graMtha- neminAtha-purANa (I. 1254) campU-zailI meM likhita / mahAliMga zAstrI . janma tiruvAlaMgADa (taMjAvara) meM julAI 1897 meN| suprasiddha appaya dIkSita ke vaMzaja / pitaa-yjnysvaamii| zikSA- ema.e., ela.ela.bI. / madrAsa hAIkorTa meM vakAlata / saMgItazAstra meM nipuNa / mahAliMga zAstrI dvArA likhita prakAzita kAvyakRtiyAM - kiMkiNImAlA, drAviDAryA subhASita-saptati, vyAjokti-ratnAvalI, bhramarasandeza, dezikendrastavAMjali, zambhucaryopadeza, vanalatA, stutipuSpopahAra (apara nAma mukt-stutimNjrii)| __prakAzita nATyakRtiyAM - kauDinya-prahasana, pratirAjasUya, markaTamArdalika-bhANa, zRMgAranAradIya, ubhayarUpaka, kaliprAdurbhAva, AdikASyodaya, udgAtRdazAnana tathA ayodhyaakaanndd| kA 410 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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anya prakAzita kRtiyAM - chAtropayogI laghurAmacarita, mahima bhaTTa : inhoMne "vyakti-viveka" nAmaka kAvyazAstra ke upakrama pAThAvalI, madhyamapAThAvalI, prauDha pAThAvalI, pravezapAThAvalI yugapravartaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai jisameM vyaMjanA yA dhvani tathA saMskRta-lAghava / mahAvidyAlayoM ke lie bhAsakathAsAra (tIna kA khaMDana kara usake sabhI bhedoM kA aMtarbhAva anumAna meM khaNDoM meM) gadya kathAnakakoza, saMkathAsandoha, kavi-kAvyanikaSa / kiyA gayA hai| inakI upAdhi "rAjAnaka" thI Ara ye kAzmIra isake atirikta saMskRta meM kIrtana tathA rAgamAlikAeM meM rAgocita ke nivAsI the| svr-nirdeshn| samaya- I. 11 vIM zatI kA mdhy| pitA-zrIdhairya va guru aprakAzita kRtiyAM . maNimAlA (kAvya), shyaaml| inhoMne apane graMtha meM kuMtaka kA ullekha kiyA hai, prazasti-praguNamAlikA, kiMkiNImAlA (dvitIya khaNDa), aura alaMkArasarvasvakAra ruyyaka ne inake graMtha 'vyaktiviveka' vyAjoktiratnAvalI (dvitIya khaNDa), prakIrNa kAvya, bhAratIviSAda, kI vyAkhyA likhI hai| isase inakA samaya I. 11 vIM zatI mahAmahiSasaptati, laghupANDavacaritam, zRMgArarasamaMjarI, __kA madhya hI nizcita hotA hai| mahimabhaTTa naiyAyika haiN| inhoMne zrIvallabha-subhASitAni, uttarakANDa (laghu rAmacarita kA puurk)| nyAya kI paddhati se dhvani kA khaMDana kA usake sabhI bhedoM mahAvIra prasAda jozI - janma- 1914 I. meN| kAvyatIrtha va ko anumAna meM gatArtha kiyA hai aura dhvanikAra dvArA prastuta sAhityAyurvedAcArya mahAvIraprasAda jozI kA janma DUMDaloda (jhuMjhuna, kiye gaye udAharaNoM meM atyaMta sUkSmatA ke sAtha doSAnveSaNa rAjasthAna) meM huA thaa| inakI racanA hai prtaapcritm| kara unheM anumAna kA udAharaNa siddha kiyA hai| inhoMne saMskRta-ratnAkara, suprabhAta tathA sUryodaya Adi saMskRta-patrikAoM dhvanyAloka meM prastuta kiye gaye dhvani ke lakSaNa meM 10 doSa meM bhI ApakI aneka racanAeM prakAzita huI haiN| DhUMDha nikAle haiM jisase inakA prauDha pAMDitya jhalakatA hai| inake mahAvIraprasAda dvivedI - hindI sAhitya ke mahAn sevk| samAna dhvani-siddhAMta kA virodhI koI nahIM huaa| inakA prauDha pAMDitya va sUkSma vivecana saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM advitIya hai| saMskRta meM vinodaparaka racanA- 'kaanykubjliilaamRtm'| inhoMne vyaMgyArtha ko anumeya svIkAra karate hue dhvani kA nAma mahAvIrAcArya - samaya I. 9 vIM shtii| rekhAgaNita, bIjagaNita 'kAvyAnumiti' diyA hai| inake anusAra kAvyAnumiti vahAM hotI va pATIgaNita ke prasiddha AcArya / knndd-bhaassii| jainmtaavlNbii| hai jahAM vAcya yA usake dvArA anumita artha, dUsare artha ko inhoMne gaNita va jyotiSa para do graMthoM kI racanA kI hai kisI saMbaMdha se prakAzita kare (vya.vi. 1-25) / 'gaNitasArasaMgraha' aura 'jyotiSapaTala' / ye jainadharmI rAjA amoghavarSa mahimabhaTTa - racanA- nttaangkushm| (abhinaya aura rasa sNbNdhii)| (rASTrakUTa-vaMza) ke Azrita the| inakA 'jyotiSapaTala' nAmaka graMtha adhUrA hI prApta huA hai| apane "gaNitasAra-saMgraha" prathama zloka meM mahima zabda ke prayoga se yaha tarka kiyA jAtA hai, ki racanA mahimabhaTTa kI ho| nAmaka graMtha ke prAraMbha meM inhoMne gaNita kI praMzasA kI hai| inakA 'jAtakatilaka' graMtha bhI ullekhanIya hai| mahimodaya - jyotiSazAstra ke aacaary| samaya- I. 18 vIM shtii| guru-jaina vidvAn labdhivijaya suuri| mahimodaya ne mahAsena - lAGavAgaDa saMgha ke jaina aacaary| guNAkarasena ke 'jyotiSa-ratnAkara' nAmaka phalita jyotiSa kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha ziSya aura parNaTa ke guru / paramAravaMzI rAjA muMja (samaya- 10 likhA hai jisameM saMhitA, muhUrta tathA jAtaka tInoM hI aMgoM vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha) dvArA pUjita / graMtha-pradyumnacarita mahAkAvya, kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ye phalita va gaNita donoM ke jisameM 14 sargoM meM bhagavAn zrIkRSNa aura rukmiNI ke putra hI marmajJa the| inhoMne 'gaNita sATha sau' tathA 'paMcAMgAnayanavidhi' pradyumna kI gaurava gAthA varNita hai| yaha gAthA zrImadbhAgavata nAmaka gaNita 'jyotiSa-viSayaka do graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| tathA viSNupurANa meM bhI milatI hai para jaina sAhitya meM mahIdhara - I. 17 vIM shtii| zukla yajurveda kI mAdhyandina harivaMzapurANa ke AdhAra para unake carita ko suvidhAnusAra saMhitA ke bhaassykaar| nivAsasthAna- kaashii| 'mantramahodadhi' parivartita kiyA hai| kathAnaka zrRMkhalAbaddha evaM sugaThita hai| nAmaka taMtra graMtha aura usa para TIkA bhI mahIdharAcArya ne likhii| mahAsena paNDitadeva - dkssinnvaasii| samaya-I. 12 vIM shtii| mantramahodadhi meM jo kAla-nirdeza hai, usase mahIdharAcArya kA navasena paNDitadeva ke shissy| padmaprabha maladhArI deva dvArA samaya niHsaMdigdha ho jAtA hai| uvaTa aura mAdhava ina donoM vAdI-vijetA ke rUpa meM ullikhita / graMtha-svarUpasaMbodhana tathA ke bhASya kA abhyAsa karate hue apane vedadIpa nAmaka yajurbhASya prmaann-nirnny| kI racanA mahIdhara AcArya ne kii| kaI vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra mahAsvAmI : sAmasaMhitA aura bhASikasUtra ke bhASyakAra / yaha nirdiSTa mAdhava, veMkaTa-mAdhava haiM, sAyaNa-mAdhava nahIM kintu anantAcArya kA bhASika sUtrabhASya inake grantha kI chAyAmAtra hai| isa mata kA khaNDana bhI ho cukA hai| mahIdharAcArya kA bhASikasUtrabhASya aura sAmaveda-bhASya ina do kRtiyoM ke kartA vedadIpabhASya-uvaTAcArya ke mAdhyaMdinabhASya se prabhAvita hai| uvaTa eka hI haiM yA bhinna yaha nizcita kahanA kaThina haiN| saMkSepa ke, aura mahIdhara vistAra ke premI haiN| mahIdharAcArya ne saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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maMtroM kA viniyoga vistRta rUpa se diyA hai| vikhyAta hai tathA gujarAta kI sImA se atyaMta nikaTa hai| mAgha mahIdhara veMkaTarAma zAstrI - I. 20 vIM shtii|| pitA-veMkaTarAma ne jisa raivataka parvata kA varNana apane 'zizupAla-vadha' meM diikssit| rAjamahendravaram nagarI (Adhrapradeza) ke nivaasii|| kiyA hai, vaha rAjasthAna meM hI hai| ina pramANoM ke AdhAra para vaiyAkaraNa evaM Ayurveda-vizArada / 'sarojinI-saurabha' nAmaka nATaka vidvAnoM ne mAgha ko rAjasthAnI zrImAlI brAhmaNa kahA hai| ke rcyitaa| mAgha kA samaya I. 7 vIM zatI se 11 vIM zatI taka mahendrasUri- jyotiSa zAstra ke aacaary| samaya- I. 12 vIM mAnA jAtA rahA hai| rAjasthAna ke vasaMtapura nAmaka sthAna meM zatI kA aMtima caraNa / guru-mdnsuuri| mahendrasUri, phIroja zAha rAjA varmalAta kA eka zilAlekha prApta huA hai jisakA samaya tugalaka ke Azraya meM rahate the| inhoMne 'yaMtrarAja' nAmaka 625 I. hai| yaha samaya mAgha ke pitAmaha suprabhadeva kA hai| graha-gaNita kA atyaMta mahattvapUrNa graMtha likhA hai jisa para inake ataH yadi isameM 50 varSa joDa diye gaye jAyeM, to mAgha kA ziSya malayeMdra-sUri ne TIkA likhI hai| isa graMtha kA racanA-kAla samaya 675 I. mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'zizupAla-vadha' ke eka san 1192 hai| zloka (2-114) meM mAgha ne rAjanIti kI vizeSatA batAte mahezacandra tarkacUDAmaNi - I. 19-20 vIM shtii| rAjArAmapura, samaya udhdava ke kathana meM rAjanIti va zabdavidyA donoM kA (dinAjapura baMgAla) ke nivaasii| kRtiyAM- bhUdevacarita, prayoga eka-sAtha zliSTa upamA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| isameM dinAjapura-rAjavaMza-carita va kAvyapeTikA tathA tattvAvalI (kAvya) / kAzikAvRtti (650 I.) tathA usa para jineMdrabuddhi racita maheza Thakkura - akabara bAdazAha ke aashrit| inhoMne nyAsa-graMtha (700 I.) kA saMketa hai| isase siddha hotA hai 'sarva-deza-vRttAnta saMgrahaH' kI racanA kii| yaha graMtha 'akabaranAmA' ki "zizupAla-vadha" kI racanA 700 I. ke bAda huI hai| ke nAma se prasiddha hai| maheza Thakkura nyAyazAstra ke vizeSajJa somadeva kRta 'yazastilakacaMpU' (959 I.) meM mAgha kA ullekha the| unake ziSya raghunandanadAsa bhI prakhara naiyAyika the| akabara prApta hotA hai tathA 'dhvanyAloka' meM 'zizupAla-vadha' ke do ne inakI vidvattA se prasanna hokara inheM darabhaMgA prAnta bheMTa diyA zloka (3-53 va 5-26) uddhRta haiN| 'zizupAla-vadha' para paraMtu raghunandanadAsa ne vaha bheMTa apane guru ke caraNoM para samarpita bhAravi tathA bhaTTi donoM kA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| ataH inakA samaya I.7 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| kii| abhI-abhI taka Thakkura ke vaMzaja darabhaMgA kI gaddI para the| mAgha-praNIta ekamAtra graMtha- "zizupAla-vadha' hai| isa mahAkAvya mahezvara nyAyAlaMkAra - I. 16 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| kI kathAvastu kA AdhAra mahAbhAratIya kathA hai jise mAgha ne kRtiyAM- 'sAhityadarpaNa' para 'vijJapriyA' nAmaka tathA 'kAvyaprakAza' apanI pratibhA ke bala para ramaNIya rUpa diyA hai| mAgha kA para 'Adarza' athavA 'bhAvArtha-cintAmaNi' nAmaka ttiikaa| vyaktitva eka paMDita kavi kA hai| unakA AvirbhAva saMskRta mAgha (ghaNTAmAgha) - "zizupAla-vadha' nAmaka yugapravartaka mahAkAvya kI usa paraMparA meM huA thA, jisameM zAstra-kAvya mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| apanI viziSTa zailI ke kAraNa evaM alaMkRta-kAvya kI racanA huI thii| isa yuga meM pAMDitya-rahita 'zizupAla-vadha' saMskRta mahAkAvya kI 'bRhattrayI' meM dvitIya kavitva ko kama mahattva prApta hotA thaa| ataH mAgha ne sthAna kA adhikArI rahA hai| mAgha kI vidvattA, mahanIyatA, sthAna-sthAna para apane apUrva pAMDitya kA paricaya diyA hai| prauDhatA va udAtta kAvyazailI ke saMbaMdha meM saMskRta graMthoM meM ye mahAvaiyAkaraNa, dArzanika, rAjanItizAstra vizArada evaM nItizAstrI aneka prakAra kI prazastiyAM prApta hotI haiN| svayaM mAgha ne hI bhI the| bauddha-darzana ke sUkSma bhedoM kA bhI inheM jJAna thaa| 'zizupAla-vadha' ke aMta meM 5 zlokoM meM apane vaMza kA inhoMne eka hI zloka (2-28) ke aMtargata, rAjanIti va varNana kiyA hai| tadanusAra mAgha ke pitAmaha kA nAma saprabhadeva / bauddha-darzana ke mUla siddhAtoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| ina zAstroM thA aura ve zrIvarmala nAmaka kisI rAjA ke pradhAna maMtrI the| ke atirikta nATyazAstra, vyAkaraNa, saMgItazAstra, alaMkArazAstra, suprabhadeva ke putra kA nAma datta yA dattaka thA, jo atyaMta kAmazAstra evaM azvavidyA ke bhI parizIlana kA paricaya mahAkavi guNavAn the, aura inhIM ke putra mAgha the| mAgha ne apane mahAkAvya meM yatra-tatra diyA hai| inakA pratyeka mAgha kA janma bhinnamAla yA bhImAla nAmaka sthAna meM huA varNana, pratyeka bhAva, alaMkRta bhASA meM hI abhivyakta kiyA thaa| isa sthAna kA ullekha 'zizupAla-vadha' kI katipaya gayA hai| inakA kAvya kaThinatA ke liye prasiddha hai aura prAcIna pratiyoM meM milatA hai| vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki yahI inhoMne kahIM-kahIM citrAlaMkAra kA prayoga kara use jAnabUjhakara bhitramAla kA bhInamAla kAlAMtara meM zrImAla ho gayA thaa| kaThina banA diyA hai| prabhAcaMdra racita 'prabhAkaracarita' meM mAgha ko zrImAla-nivAsI kahA 'udayati vittordhvrshmirjjau|| gayA hai| prabhAcaMdra ne zrImAla ke rAjA kA nAma varmalAta aura ahimarucau- himadhAmni yAti caastm| maMtrI kA nAma suprabhadeva likhA hai (prabhAkara-carita, 14-5-10) / vahati girirayaM vilambighaNTAyaha sthAna abhI bhI rAjasthAna meM zrImAlI nagara ke nAma se dvayaparivArita-vAraNendralIlAm / / 4-20 / / 412 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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artha- eka ora se pradIrgha aura ardhvagAmI kiraNoM ke rajju dhAraNa karane vAle tejasvI sUrya kA udaya tathA dUsarI ora se zItaraSNi candramA kA asta hote samaya, yaha (raivataka) parvata, donoM ora laTakanevAlI ghaMTA dhAraNa karane vAle gajendra kI zobhA dhAraNa karatA hai| isa zloka meM ghaNTA kI apUrva upamA ke kAraNa uttarakAlIna rasikoM ne inheM 'ghaNTAmAgha' kI upAdhi dI hai| mAghanandi - mAghanandi nAma ke teraha AcArya hue haiN| sabhI prAyaH dakSiNa bhAratIya rahe haiN| inameM mAghanandi yogIndra pramukha haiM jinakA samaya I. 12 vIM zatI hai| gurunAma-kumudendu / ziSyanAma- kumudcndr| graMtha- 1. mAghanandi- zrAvaNAcArasAra (cAra adhyAya) aura 2. shaastrsaar-smuccy| siddhAntasAra, padArthasAra, aura pratiSThAkalpaTippaNa (jinsNhitaa)| mANikyazekhara sUri - jainadharmI aMcalagacchIya mahendraprabhasUri ke praziSya aura merutuMgasUri ke shissy| gurubhrAtA- jayakIrtisUri / caityvaasii| samaya-vi.kI 15 vIM shtii| graMtha- 1. Avazyaka-niyukti-dIpikA, 2. dazavaikAlika-niyukti-dIpikA, 3. piNDaniyukti-dIpikA, 4. uttarAdhyayana dIpikA aura 5. aacaar-diipikaa| mANikyacandra sUri . vastupAla (saM. 1276) ke maMtrI se acchA sNprk| racanA- 1. shaantinaathcrit| (ATha sarga, 5574 zloka) jo haribhadra sUrikRta samarAiccakahA para AdhArita hai (vikrama kI 13 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha, 1276) aura 2. kAvyaprakAza kI saMketa nAmaka TIkA (saM. 1266) / mANikyanandi - jainadharmI nandisaMgha ke pramukha aacaary| dhArA nagarI ke nivaasii| gurunAma- raamnndii| ziSya-nayanandI aura prbhaacndr| nyAyazAstra ke pnnddit| samaya- I. 11 vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa / graMtha-parIkSAmukha (jaina nyAyazAstra kA Adya nyAyasUtra / kula chaH samuddezoM meM vibhakta, 208 sUtra) / uttarakAla meM isa para aneka TIkAeM- vyAkhyAeM likhI gayIM jinameM prabhAcandra kA prameyakamala-mArtaNDa, laghu anantavIrya kI prameya-ratnamAlA, cArukIrti kA prameyaratna-mAlAlaMkAra evaM zAntivarNI kI prameyakaNThikA Adi TIkAeM prasiddha haiN| devasUri kA pramANa-nayatattvAloka tathA hemacaMdra kI pramANamImAMsA para parIkSAmukha-sUtra kA prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| mAtRguptAcArya- samaya- saMbhavataH 5 vIM shtii| rAjataraMgiNI meM mAtRgupta kA kavi ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| abhinavabhAratI meM vINAvAdana ke puSpa nAma prameda kI vyAkhyA ke samaya mAtRgupta kA mata uddhRta kiyA hai| kuntaka ne kAvya kI sukumAratA tathA vicitratA nAmaka guNoM ke liye mAtRgupta ke uddharaNa diye haiN| mAtRgupta ke sarvAdhika uddharaNa abhijJAna-zAkuntala kI TIkA karate hue rAghavabhaTTa ne die haiN| nAndI kA sUtradhAra nATaka tathA yavanikA ke lakSaNahetu, mAtRgupta ke hI zloka uddhRta kie gae haiN| bharata ke 'AraMbha' tathA 'bIja' viSayaka padyoM ko likhate samaya bhI rAghavabhaTTa ne mAtRgupta ko uddhRta kiyA hai 'atra vizeSo mAtRguptAcAyau~H uktaH'kvacit kAraNamAtrantu kvacicca phldrshnm||' sundaramizra ne nATyapradIpa (1613 I.) nAmaka graMtha meM bharata ke nATyazAstra ke anusAra nAndI kA lakSaNa dete hue usakI vyAkhyA meM mAtRguptAcArya ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| mAtRceTa - samaya- I. prathama shtii| kaniSka ke samakAlIna mahAyAnI bauddha paMDita va stotrkvi| stotra-sAhitya ke pravartaka / bhArata ke bAhara vizeSa jJAta tathA aadRt| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA khotAna tathA turaphAna se vizeSa graMthoM kA anveSaNa kara inake granthoM kA prakAzana kiyA gyaa| mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne mahatprayAsa se kavi ke 'adhyardha-zataka' (buddha stotra) kI mUla saMskRta prati tibbala ke vihAra se prApta kI (1926) / inake tathA anya anveSaNa se vinTaraniTjha tathA tArAnAtha ne kavi ke jIvana para kucha prakAza DAlA hai| tadanusAra mAtRceTa pUrvAyuSya meM kAla nAmaka brAhmaNa aura zivopAsaka the| nAlandA meM bauddha-kendra para zAstrArtha meM parAjita hone para bauddha saMgha meM samAviSTa hue| Aryadeva inake dharmaparivartaka the| kucha jIvanIkAroM ke anusAra, inhoMne kSudhita vyAghrI ko zarIrArpaNa kiyaa| racanAeM- catuHzataka aura adhyrdhshtk| tanjaura ke graMthAlaya meM inake nAma para 11 kRtiyoM kA ullekha hai- (1) varNanAtha-varNana, (2) samyakbuddhalakSaNa-stotra, (3) triratnamaMgala-stotra, (4) ekottarI stotra, (5) sugata-paMcatriratna-stotra, (6) triratna-stotra, (7) mizraka-stotra, (8) caturviparyaya-kathA, (9) kaliyuga parikathA, (10) Arya tArAdevI-stotra (sarvArthasAdhananAma-stotrarAja) aura (11) mticitr-giiti| ye racanAeM mUla saMskRta meM anupalabdha hai| nepAla meM upalabdha hastalekhoM ke anusandhAna se inameM se kucha prApta ho sakatI haiN| mAthureza vidyAlaMkAra - I. 17 vIM shtii| pitA-zivarAma ckrvrtii| maataa-paarvtii| baMgAlI paMDita / kRtiyAM- zabda-ratnAvalI (koza) va sAra-sundarI (vyaakrnn)| mAdhava- Ayurveda ke prasiddha graMtha 'rogavinizcaya' yA 'mAdhavAnidAna' ke prnnetaa| samaya I. 7 vIM zatI ke AsapAsa / 'mAdhava-nidAna', Adhunika yuga meM roga nidAna kA atyaMta lokapriya graMtha mAnA jAtA hai - ___nidAne mAdhavaH shresstthH| inake pitA nighaNTukAra iMdu haiN| kavirAja gaNanAthasena ne inheM baMgAlI kahA hai| inake 'mAdhava-nidAna' graMtha kI do TIkAeM prasiddha haiM aura usake tIna hiMdI anuvAda prApta hote haiN| mAdhava kavIMdra- I. 17 vIM shtii| baMgAlI vaissnnv| 'uddhava-dUta' nAmaka saMdeza-kAvya ke rcyitaa| inake jIvana ke bAre meM koI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /413 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| DA. esa.ke.De ke anusAra inakA samaya I. 7 vIM zatAbdI hai| inhoMne apane isa vaiSNava kAvya kI racanA 'meghadUta' ke anukaraNa para kI hai| mAdhava kavIndra - samaya- 1850-1895 ii.| inakA janma rAjasthAna ke antargata vijayapura rAjya ke chIra grAma meM huA thaa| pitA- rAmavRkSa, mAtA- jykumaarii| ye dAdhIca brAhmaNa the| inakI zikSA mahArAjA saMskRta kAleja, jayapura meM huI thii| kavi kI pramukha kRti hai - 'muktilaharI' / mAdhavacandra vidya - mAdhavacandra nAma ke 10-11 vidvAn hue haiN| unameM do kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| prathama mAdhavacandra vidya ve haiM jo AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke ziSya the| unakA samaya I. 10 vIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga honA caahiye| unakA graMtha hai trilokasAra kI saMskRta ttiikaa| dUsare mAdhavacandra vidya ve haiM jo candrasUri ke praziSya aura sakalacandra ke ziSya the| unhoMne kSullakapura (kolhApura) meM 'kSapaNAsAra-gadya' kI racanA (zilAhAra kula ke rAjA vIra bhojadeva ke pradhAnamantrI bAhubalI ke lie) kii| samaya- I. 13 vIM zatI kA prathama crnn| donoM vidvAna traividya arthAt jainasiddhAMta, vyAkaraNa aura nyAyazAstra ke paNDita the| mAdhavabhaTTa- I. 16 vIM shtii| pitA- maNDalezvara / maataa-indumtii| zrIparvata ke samIpa nivaas| kRti- 'subhadrAharaNa' nAmaka ekAMkI, jo zrIgadita koTi kA ekamAtra upalabdha uparUpaka hai| mAdhavabhaTTa (kavirAja) - 'rAghava-pAMDavIya' nAmaka zleSa-pradhAna mahAkAvya ke praNetA jisameM AraMbha se aMta taka eka hI zabdAvalI meM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathA kahI gii| inakA vAstavika nAma mAdhavabhaTTa thA aura kavirAja upAdhi thii| ye jayaMtIpura meM kAdaMba-vaMzIya rAjA kAmadeva ke sabhA-kavi the jinakA zAsana-kAla 1182 se 1187 I. taka rahA thaa| apane graMtha meM inhoMne svayaM ko subaMdhu evaM bANabhaTTa kI zreNI meM rakhate hue bhaMgimAmayazleSaracanA kI paripATI meM nipuNa kahA hai tathA yaha bhI vicAra vyakta kiyA hai ki isa prakAra kA koI caturtha kavi hai yA nahIM isameM saMdeha hai : 'subandhurbANabhaTTazca kavirAja iti tryH|| vakroktimArganipuNAH caturtho vidyate na vaa|| (1/44) mAdhyaMdini - saMskRta ke pANini pUrvakAlIna vaiyaakrnn| paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra inakA samaya 3000 vi. pU. hai| 'kAzikA' kI uddhRta eka kArikA se jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne eka vyAkaraNa-zAstra kA pravartana kiyA thaa| (kAzikA, 9-1-14) / pitA- mdhyNdin| inake nAma se do graMtha upalabdha hote haiM- 'zuklayajuH padapATha' tathA 'mAdhyaMdinazikSA' / kAtyAyana kRta 'zuklayajuHprAtizAkhya' meM, 'mAdhyaMdina-saMhitA' ke adhyetA mAdhyaMdini kA eka mata uddhRta hai (8-35) / 'vAyupurANa' meM mAdhyaMdini ko yAjJavalkya kA sAkSAt ziSya kahA gayA hai (61-24, 25) / 'mAdhyaMdina-zikSA' meM svara tathA uccAraNa saMbaMdhI niyamoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isa zikSAgraMtha ke do rUpa haiM- laghu evaM bRht| mAndhAtA - I. 15 vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha / 'nUtanabhojarAja'madanapAla ke dvitIya putra / 'saMskRtavidhAtA' aura 'ripukulajetA' kI upAdhiyoM se vibhuussit| vizvezvarabhaTTa kI sahAyatA se 'madanamahArNava' nAmaka karmavipAka-viSayaka graMtha kI racanA kii| karmavipAka ke kAraNa kauna se roga utpanna hote haiM aura unakA nivAraNa kina upAyoM se karanA cAhiye, isakA pratipAdana madanamahArNava meM kiyA gayA hai| mAnatuMga - samaya- lagabhaga 7 vIM shtii| inake jIvana ke viSaya meM aneka kiMvadantiyAM haiN| pAyamallakRta 'bhaktAmaravRtti' meM, vizvabhUSaNakRta' bhaktAmaracarita meM, prabhAcandrasUrikRta 'prabhAvakacarita' meM aura merutuMgakRta prabandhacintAmaNi meM aneka camatamarapUrNa itivRtta ullikhita haiN| ye digambara-zvetAmbara-sampradAya dvArA samAna rUpa se mAnya haiN| bhkt-kvi| brAhmaNa kulotpanna / camatkAra dikhAne ke uddezya se hathakar3iyoM aura ber3iyoM se hAtha-paira kasavAkara, mAnatuMga yugAdideva maMdira ke pichale bhAga meM baiTha gye| phira mAnatuMga ne 'bhaktAmarastotra' kI racanA kara apane Apako unase mukta kara liyaa| mAnatuMga nAma ke aneka vidvAn uttarakAla meM hue haiN| mAnatuMga sUri - jainadharmI koTigaNa kI vairazAkhA ke antargata candragaccha se saMbaddha / racanA- zreyAMsanAtha-carita- (vi.saM. 1332) / isa kAvya kA AdhAra hai- devabhadrAcArya- viracita prAkRta kAvya shreyaaNsnaath-crit| mAnatuMga sUri kI ziSyaparamparA meM kramazaH raviprabhasUri, narasiMhasUri, narendraprabhasUri aura vinayacandrasUri pUrNimAgaccha ke adhipati / anya graMtha- jayantIcarita (prAkRta) tathA svprvicaarbhaassy| mAnadeva - kAlIkata ke nresh| aparanAma erlpttttii| racanA'mAnadeva-campU-bhAratam' mAnavallI gaMgAdharazAstra (ma.ma.) - sI.AI.I.Andhra paNDita / vArANasI meM vaastvy| racanA- kAvyAtmaka saMzodhana, rasagaMgAdhara-TIkA, rAjArAma zAstrI tathA bAlazAstrI (lekhaka ke guru) kA padyamaya caritra, bhartRharikRta-vAkyapadIyam aura kumArilabhaTTakRta tantravArtika (vyAkaraNa aura mImAMsA viSayaka) granthoM kA saMskaraNa Apane kiyA hai| mAnaveda - parama vaissnnv| guruvapUra (kerala) ke viSNu mandira meM nivAsa / AdhyAtmika guru-bilvamaMgala / vyAkaraNoM ke guru-kRSNa pishaarottii| kRtiyAM-kRSNanATaka (gItinATya) aura pUrvabhAratacampU (anantabhaTTa ke apUrNa bhAratacampU para Age baDhAI huI racanA) / mAnAMka- I. 10 vIM shtii| vRndAvana-yamakam (citrakAvya) tathA meghAbhyudaya (kAvya) ke prnnetaa| bhavabhUtikRta mAlatI-mAdhava 414/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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nAmaka prakaraNa ke TIkAkAra / mitramizra - pitA-parazurAma pNddit| pitaamh-hNspNddit| orachA-nareza vIrasiMha deva ke Azrita, jinakA zAsanakAla saM. 1605 se 1627 taka thaa| inhoMne vIrasiMha kI hI preraNA se "vIramitrodaya" nAmaka bRhat prabandha kA praNayana kiyA thaa| yaha padya graMtha 22 prakAzoM meM vibhAjita hai| sabhI prakAza apane Apa meM vizAla graMtha haiN| udAhaNArtha "vrataprakAza" ke zlokoM kI saMkhyA 22,650 hai aura "saMskAra-prakAza" kI zloka saMkhyA 17,415 hai| "vIramitrodaya" meM dharmazAstra ke sabhI viSayoM ke atirikta rAjanItizAstra kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| mitramizra ne yAjJavalkyasmRti para bhASya kI bhI racanA kI thii| inake kAvya "AnaMdakaMdacampU" meM bAla zrIkRSNa kI lIlA varNita hai| mirAzI - vAsudeva viSNu - padmabhUSaNa mahAmahopAdhyAya, DAkTara Apha leTarsa ityAdi upAdhiyoM se vibhuussit| rASTrapati DA. rAjendraprasAda, DA. rAdhAkRSNan aura iMdirA gAMdhI dvArA sammAnita / nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya meM aneka varSoM taka saMskRta-pAliprAkRta vibhAga ke aura prAcIna bhAratetihAsa aura saMskRti vibhAgoM ke adhykss| "kArpaskas iMDikeram" nAmaka mahattvapUrNa graMtha ke sNpaadk| saMzodhana-muktAvalI nAmaka graMthamAlA meM Apake aneka zodhanibaMdha prakAzita hue haiN| nAgapura vidarbha saMzodhana maMDala ke sNsthaapk| saMskRtaracanA - harSacaritasAraH (sttiik)| sana 1986 meM ApakA dehAnta nAgapura meM huaa| mInanAtha - I. 10 vIM shtii| eka baMgAlI siddha puruSa / "smaradIpikA" yA ratiratnapradIpikA nAmaka kAmazAstrIya graMtha ke lekhk| muMjAla (maMjula) - samaya, I. 10 vIM shtaabdii| jyotiSazAstra ke prasiddha aacaary| "laghumAnasa' nAmaka suprasiddha jyotiSa-viSayaka graMtha ke prnnetaa| jyotiSazAstra ke itihAsa meM inakA mahattva do kAraNoM se hai| inhoMne sarvaprathama tArAoM kA nirIkSaNa kara navIna tathya prastuta karane kI vidhi kA AviSkAra kiyA / ma.ma.paM. sudhAkara dvivedI ne bhI apane graMtha "gaNakataraMgiNI" meM muMjAla kI prAsAdika zailI kI prazaMsA kI hai| inake "laghumAnasa" kA prakAzana paramezvara kRta saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha 1944 I. meM ho cukA hai, saMpAdaka haiM vI. DI. aaptte| ena. ke. majUmadAra kRta isakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI 1951 I. meM kalakattA se prakAzita huA hai| muMje, bAlakRSNa zivarAma (DA) - racanA- netrcikitsaa| saMkalpita tIna khaNDoM meM se kevala eka hI likha paae| nAgapura (mahArASTra) ke nivaasii| muMbaI ke meDikala kAleja meM adhyayana huaa| Ayurveda tathA kauTilIya arthazAstra kA vizeSa adhyayana kiyA thaa| lokamAnya tilaka ke anuyAyI hone ke kAraNa sArA jIvana rAjanItika kAryoM meM vyasta rhaa| aneka varSoM taka hiMdumahAsabhA kA netRtva kiyaa| uttarAyuSya meM nAsika meM bhosalA miliTarI skUla kI sthApanA kii| netracikitsA kI prathama AvRtti kA prakAzana citrazAlA presa, puNe se 1930 I. meN| dvitIya saMskaraNa 1976 meM DAkTarasAhaba kI zatAbdI nimitta baidyanAtha prakAzana, nAgapura dvArA prkaashit| mukulabhaTTa - "abhidhAvRttimAtRkA" nAmaka kAvyazAstra viSayaka laghu kiMtu prauDha graMtha ke prnnetaa| samaya I. 9 vIM shtii| apane graMtha ke aMta meM inhoMne svayaM ko kallaTa bhaTTa kA putra kahA hai| udbhaTa kRta "kAvyAlaMkArasArasaMgraha" ke TIkAkAra pratihAreMdurAja ne svayaM ko mukula kA ziSya kahA hai aura inheM mImAMsA, sAhitya, vyAkaraNa va tarka kA prakAMDa paMDita mAnA hai| "abhidhAvRttimAtRkA" meM kevala 15 kArikAyeM haiM jina para inhoMne svayaM vRtti likhI hai| ye vyaMjanA-virodhI AcArya haiN| inhoMne abhidhA ko hI ekamAtra zakti mAna kara usameM lakSaNA va vyaMjanA kA aMtarbhAva kiyA hai| mammaTa ne inake graMtha "abhidhAvRttimAtRkA" ke AdhAra para "zabdavyApAravicAra" nAmaka graMtha kA praNayana kiyA thaa| muDumbI narasiMhAcArya - vijayAnagaram ke nareza vijayarAma gaNapati tathA Ananda gaNapati ke Azrita / racanAeM- kAvyopodghAta, kAvyaprayogavidhi, kAvyasUtravRtti, alaMkAramAlA, daivopAlambhaH, narasiMhATTahAsa, jayasiMhazvamedhIya, yuddhaprotsAhanam aura vhikttoriyaa-prshstiH| muDumbI veMkaTarAma narasiMhAcArya - samaya 1842 se 1928 I. / mAtA-raGgAmbA, pitaa-viirraaghv| vijayanagara ke gaNapati vijayarAma ke aashrit| pramukha racanAeM- citsUryAloka, gajendravyAyoga, rAjahaMsIya (nATaka), vAsavI-pArAzarIya (prakaraNa), rAmacaMdra-kathAmRta, bhAgavatam, khalAvahelana, nItirahasya, ujvalAnandacampU, kAvyAlaGkAra-saMgraha ityAdi kula 114 graMtha inhoMne likhe haiN| mudgala - I. 14 vIM shtii| Rgveda ke bhASyakAra / bhASya-graMtha truTita rUpa meM upalabdha hai| yaha bhASya, sAyaNa kRta bhASya kA hI saMkSepa hai| isa taraha kA saMketa svayaM graMthakAra ne hI diyA hai| muhurAma - taMjaura ke mahArAja zAhajI (1684-1711 I.) dvArA sammAnita / taMjaura nivaasii| pitaa-rghunaathaadhvrii| maataa-jaankii| "rasikatilaka' bhANa ke rcyitaa| munibhadrasUri - jainadharmI bRhadgaccha ke vidvaan| muhammada tugalaka dvArA smmaanit| guNabhadrasUri ke shissy| samaya I. 14 vIM shtii| graMtha-zAntinAtha-carita (san 1353) 14 srg| kAlidAsa, bhAravi Adi mahAkAviyoM ke kAvya meM doSAvalokana kara graMtha kI racanA kI gaI hai| rAjazekharasUri dvArA saMzodhita / / munIzvara - jyotiSazAstra ke aacaary| prasiddha jyotiSi raMganAtha ke suputr| sthiti-kAla I. 17 vIM shtii| inhoMne "siddhAntasArvabhauma" nAmaka suprasiddha graMtha kI racanA kI hai tathA bhAskarAcArya-praNIta "siddhAMtaziromaNi" evaM "lIlAvatI" saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 415 For Private and Personal Use Only

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para TIkAyeM likhI haiN| mummiDi cikkadevarAya - maisUra ke nareza (I. sa. 1672 se 1704) / rcnaa-bhrtsaarsNgrh|| muralIdhara - puSTimArga ke pravartaka AcArya vallabha ke aNu-bhASya para inhoMne siddhAnta-pradIpa nAma kI TIkA likhI hai| murAri - "anardharAghava" nATaka ke rcyitaa| baMgAla nivaasii| isa nATaka kI prastAvanA se jJAta hotA hai ki unake pitA kA nAma vardhamAna bhaTTa va mAtA kA nAma taMtumatI thaa| ve maudgalya gotrIya brAhmaNa the| sUkti-graMthoM meM inakI prazaMsA ke aneka zloka prApta hote haiN| sUkti-graMthoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki murAri, mAgha aura bhavabhUti ke paravartI the| ye bhavabhUti kI kAvya-zailI se prabhAvita haiN| ataH unakA samaya 700 I. ke pazcAt hai| ratnAkara ne apane "haravijaya" mahAkAvya ke eka zloka meM murAri kI carcA kI hai| ataH ve ratnAkara (850 I.) ke pUrvavartI haiN| maMkha-racita "zrIkaMThacarita" (1135 I.) meM murAri, rAjazekhara ke pUrvavartI siddha kiye gaye haiN| ina pramANoM ke AdhAra para murAri kA samaya 800 I. ke Asa-pAsa nizcita hotA hai| murArimizra - samaya I. 12 vAM shtk| mImAMsA-darzana ke aMtargata murAri-paraMparA yA mizra-paraMparA ke pratiSThApaka AcArya / inhoMne "nayaviveka" nAmaka graMtha ke praNetA tathA gurumata ke anuyAyI bhavanAtha nAmaka prasiddha mImAMsaka ke mata kA khaMDana kiyA hai jinakA samaya I. 11 vIM zatI hai| isa AdhAra para ye bhavanAtha ke paravartI siddha hote haiN| murAri mizra ke sabhI graMtha prApta nahIM hote, aura jo prApta hue haiM, ve adhUre haiN| kucha varSoM pUrva DA. umeza mizra ko inake do graMtha prApta hue haiN| tripAdanItinayam aura ekaadshaadhyaayaadhikrnnm| donoM hI graMtha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| prathama graMtha meM jaimini ke prAraMbhika cAra sUtroM kI vyAkhyA hai tathA dvitIya meM jaimini ke 11 veM adhyAya meM vivecita kucha aMzoM kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai| inhoMne prAmANyavAda ke saMbaMdha meM apane maulika vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| inake mata kA ullekha aneka dArzanikoM ne kiyA hai jinameM prasiddha navyanaiyAyika gaMgeza upAdhyAya aura unake putra vardhamAna upAdhyAya haiN| murAridAna cAraNa - janma 1837 meN| kavi murAridAna cAraNa jodhapura ke nivAsI the| ye sAhityazAstra ke vidvAna the| inhoMne kAvyazAstrIya prasiddha grantha "bhASA-bhUSaNa" kA saMskRta rUpAntara, "yazavantayazobhUSaNam" nAma se kiyA hai| maeNkDaoNnala - pUrA nAma DA. Arthara eMTanI meNkddoNnel| janma 11 maI 1854 I. meM majupharapura (bihAra) meN| inake pitA alekjeMDara maeNkDaoNnela bhAratIya senA ke eka ucca-padastha adhikArI the| zikSA, goTiMgana (jarmanI) meN| inhoMne tulanAtmaka bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se jarmana, saMskRta va cInI bhASAoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| ye, prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa viliyamsa, benaphI (bhASA-zAstrI), raoNya evaM maiksamulara ke ziSya the| inakA janma bhArata meM, kiMtu zikSA-dIkSA videzoM meM huii| 1907 I. meM inhoMne 6-7 mAsa ke liye bhArata kI yAtrA kI thI aura isI yAtrA-kAla meM inhoMne bhAratIya hastalikhita pothiyoM para anusaMdhAna kiyA thaa| ema. e. karane ke pazcAt inhoMne Rgveda kI kAtyAyana kRta sarvAnukramaNI kA pATha-zodha kara usa para prabaMdha likhaa| isI para inheM lijiga vizvavidyAlaya se pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta huii| pazcAt inakI niyukti saMskRta-prAdhyApaka ke rUpa meM AksaphorDa vizvavidyAlaya meM huii| inake graMthoM kI nAmAvalI - 1) Rgveda sarvAnukramaNikA kA "vedArtha-dIpikA" sahita saMpAdana (1896 I.), 2) vaidika-rIDara (1897 I.), 3) hisTrI Apha saMskRta liTarecara (1900 I.), 4) TippaNI sahita bRhadevatA kA saMpAdana (1904) aura 5) vaidika grAmara (1910 I.), sAtha hI vaidika iMDeksa (kItha ke sahayoga se)| meghavijaya (gaNi) - samaya- I. 18 vIM shtii| tapAgaccha ke jainaacaary| kRpAvijaya ke ziSya / guruparamparA - hIravijaya, kanakavijaya, zIlavijaya, kamalavijaya, siddhivijaya aura kRpaavijy| graMtha 1) devAnanda mahAkAvya (sAta parva), isameM mAgha kAvya kI pAdapUrti hai| 2) zAntinAthacarita (chaha sarga) naiSadha mahAkAvya ke prathama sarga ke sampUrNa zlokoM kI samasyApUrti, 3) meghadUta samasyAlekha - meghadUta kI samasyApUrti, 4) digvijaya mahAkAvya (13 sarga) vijayaprabhasUri kA carita nibaddha, 5) hastasaMjIvana (sAmudrika zAstraparaka), 6) varSaprabodha (jyotiSa), 7) yuktiprabodha nATaka (dArzanika), 8) candraprabhA (siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana kI kaumudI rUpa TIkA), 9) saptasaMdhAna kAvya nAmaka zleSakAvya, jisameM RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, rAmacaMdra aura zrIkRSNa ina sAta mahApuruSoM kA carita zleSa alaMkAra meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| eka zloka ke sAta artha nikalanA yaha mahAn camatkAra hai| meDapallI veMkaTaramaNAcArya - janma I. 1862 / mahArAja mahAvidyAlaya meM saMskRta pnnddit| racanA- anuvAda gIrvANazaThagopasahasram, (mUla- tamila bhaktikAvya) anu. zeksapiyara-nATaka-kathAvalI, mUla zeksapiyara nATaka kathAeM (cArlsa laeNmba kRt)| medinIkara - I. 12 vIM shtii| bNgaalii| pitA prANakara / kRtiyAM- medinI nAmaka zabdArtha kosh| medhAvi-rudra (medhAvI) - kAvya-zAstra ke aacaary| inakA koI bhI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai, kiMtu inake vicAra bhAmaha, rudraTa, namisAdhu evaM rAjazekhara prabhRti ke graMthoM meM prApta hote haiN| medhAvirudra, bharata va bhAmaha ke bIca par3ane vAle samaya ke sudIrgha vyavadhAna meM hue hoNge| upamA ke 7 doSoM kA vivecana karate hue bhAmaha ne inake mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| 416/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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(kAvyAlaMkAra 2-39, 40) / medhAvirudra ko "saMkhyAna" alaMkAra kI udbhAvanA karane kA zreya daMDI ne diyA hai| rAjazekhara ne pratibhA ke nirUpaNa meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki ve janmAMdha the| namisAdhu inheM kisI alaMkAra-graMtha kA praNetA bhI mAnate haiN| medhAvI - gurunAma- jinacandra sUri / graMtha - dharmasaMgraha-zrAvakAcAra (10 adhikAra) jo vi.saM. 1541 meM samApta huaa| prastuta graMtha para samantabhadra vasunandi aura AzAdhara kA prabhAva hai| medhAvrata zAstrI . I. 20 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / janma, nAsika ke samIpa yevalA grAma meM, san 1893 meN| mUlataH gujarAtI aarysmaajii| pitA -jgjiivn| maataa-srsvtii| prAthamika zikSA sikandarAbAda ke gurukula meN| tatpazcAt vRndAvana meN| 1918 meM kolhApura ke vaidika vidyAlaya ke adhyakSa / san 1920 se 25 taka sUrata meM adhyaapk| san 1925 meM iTolA-gurukula ke aacaary| san 1941 meM naukarI choDa kara aneka pradezoM meM bhramaNa karate hue vedoM kA pracAra kiyaa| san 1947 meM vAnaprastha Azrama meM prvesh| bAda meM narelA tathA cittoDagaDha ke gurukuloM ke prAcArya / daNDakAraNya ke nikaTa kusUra grAma meM divyakuMja upavana kI sthApanA kii| saMskArAdi karAne meM dkss| yogAbhyAsa meM nipunn| pAMcaveM varSa se hI kaavy-srjn| san 1964 meM mRtyu| kRtiyAM- (caritra graMtha) dayAnanda-digvijaya (mahAkAvya), hindI anuvAda sahita prakAzita, brahmarSi virajAnanda-carita, nArAyaNasvAmicarita, nityAnanda-carita, jJAnendracarita, vizvakarmAdbhutacarita va sNskRtkthaamNjrii| (kAvya - dayAnandalaharI, divyAnandalaharI, sukhAnandalaharI, brahmacaryazataka, gurukulazataka va brhmcrymhttv| laghukAvya - vaidika rASTrakAvya, mAtaH prasIda prasIda, vAGmandAkinI, sarasvatI-stavana, mAtaH kA te dazA, zrIrAmacaritAmRta, zrIkRSNacandrakIrtana, zrIkRSNastuti, vikramAditya-stavana, narmadAstavana, satyArthaprakAza-mahimA, divyakuMjayogAzramavarNana, lAlabahAdura zAstriprazasti, zrIvallabhASTaka, dAmodara-zubhAbhinandana, tadbhAratavaibhavam, mAtRvilApa, vimAnayAtrA, cittauDadurga va deshonnti| (gadya) - kumudinIcandra, zuddhigaGgAvatAra va hindusvarAjyasya prbhaatkaalH| (nATaka) - prkRti-saundrym| merutuMga sUri (prathama) - isa nAma ke aneka vidvAn AcArya hue haiN| unameM prathama the prathama nAgendragaccha ke candraprabha ke shissy| graMtha - 1) mahApuruSa-carita (dharmopadezazataka yA kAvyopadeza zataka), sthavirAvalI (vicArazreNI) aura 3) prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi (saMvat 1361), vaDhamANa- (vardhamAnapura) meM rcit| pAMca prakAzoM aura 11 prabandhoM meM vibhakta / aitihAsika upAkhyAnoM se yukt| isameM vi.saM. 940-1250 taka ke gujarAta kA sAmAnya itihAsa hone se itihAsa aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se bhI atyaMta upayogI grNth| isameM vikramAditya, sAtavAhana, bhUparAja, cAlukya kumArapAla Adi rAjAoM kA varNana hai| apane yuga (I. 1304) kA varNana kucha bhI nhiiN| prastuti-paddhati AkarSaka hai| merutuMga (dvitIya) - graMtha :- saMbhavanAtha-carita (saM. 1413) tathA kAmadevacaritra (saM. 1409) / merutuMga (tRtIya) - mahendrasUri ke ziSya / graMtha- nAbhAkanRpakathA, jainameghadUta (saTIka), kAtantra vyAkaraNavRtti, SaGdarzananirNaya Adi / maiksamUlara - inhoMne apanA sArA jIvana saMskRta, vizeSataH vaidika vAGmaya ke adhyayana va anuzIlana meM lagA diyA thaa| inakA janma jarmanI ke desAu nAmaka nagara meM 6 disaMbara 1823 I. ko huA thaa| inake pitA prAthamika pAThazAlA ke zikSaka the| pitA kA dehAMta 33 varSa kI Ayu meM hI ho gayA thaa| usa samaya maiksamulara kI Ayu 4 varSa kI thii| 6 varSa se 12 varSa kI Ayu taka inhoMne grAmINa pAThazAlA meM hI adhyayana kiyaa| phira laiTina bhASA ke adhyayana ke liye inhoMne 1836 I. meM lijiga vizvavidyAlaya meM praveza kiyA aura 5 varSoM taka vahAM adhyayana karate rhe| alpAyu meM hI inheM saMskRta bhASA ke adhyayana kI ruci utpanna ho gaI thii| vizvavidyAlaya choDane ke bAda hI ye jarmanI ke rAjA dvArA iMglaiNDa se kharIde gae saMskRta-sAhitya ke bRhad pustakAlaya ko dekhane ke liye barlina ge| vahAM unhoMne vedAnta va saMskRta-sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyaa| barlina kA kArya samApta hote hI ve perisa ge| vahAM inhoMne eka bhAratIya kI sahAyatA se baMgalA bhASA kA adhyayana kiyA aura phreMca bhASA meM baMgalA kA eka vyAkaraNa likhaa| vahIM rahakara inhoMne Rgveda para racita sAyaNabhASya kA adhyayana kiyaa| inhoMne 56 varSoM taka anavarata gati se saMskRta-sAhitya va Rgveda kA adhyayana kiyA, aura Rgveda para prakAzita huI videzoM kI sabhI TIkAoM ko ekatra kara unakA anuzIlana kiyaa| inhoMne sAyaNa-bhASya ke sAtha Rgveda kA atyaMta prAmANika zuddha saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA, jo 6 sahasra pRSThoM evaM 4 khaMDoM meM samApta huaa| isa graMtha kA prakAzana, IsTa iMDiyA kaMpanI kI ora se 14 apraila 1847 I. ko huaa| maiksamulara ke isa kArya kI tatkAlIna yUropiyana saMskRtajJoM ne bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| phira apane adhyayana kI suvidhA dekha kara maiksamUlara iMglaiNDa cale gae aura mRtyu paryanta lagabhaga 50 varSoM taka vahIM rhe| inhoMne 1859 I. meM apanA vizvavikhyAta graMtha saMskRta sAhitya kA prAcIna itihAsa likhA aura vaidika sAhitya kI vidvattApUrNa samIkSA prastuta kii| 1 julAI 1900 meM maiksamulara roga grasta hue aura ravivAra 18 aktUbara ko unakA nidhana ho gyaa| inhoMne bhAratIya sAhitya aura darzana ke adhyayana aura anuzIlana meM yAvajjIvana ghora parizrama kiyaa| inhoMne tulanAtmaka bhASAzAstra evaM nRtatvazAstra ke AdhAra para saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /417 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta sAhitya ke aitihAsika adhyayana kA sUtrapAta kiyA thaa| inake graMthoM ke nAma haiM : 1) Rgveda kA saMpAdana 2) e hisTrI oNpha di ezyeMTa saMskRta liTarecara 3) lekcarsa oNna di sAiMsa oNpha leMgveja (do bhAga) 4) oNna sTreTiphikezana oNpha leMgveja 5) bAyogrAphIja oNpha vaMDarsa eNDa TIma oNpha AryAja 6) iMTroDakzana Tu di sAiMsa oNpha rilijan 7) lekcarsa oNna orIjana eNDa grotha oNpha rilijana aija ilasTreTeDa bAya di rilijansa oNpha iMDiyA 8) necurala rilijan 9) phijIkala rilijana 12) kA~TribyUzana Tu di sAiMsa oNpha sAikaoNlaoNjI 13) hitopadeza kA jarmana anuvAda 14) meghadUta kA jarmana anuvAda 15) dhammapada kA jarmana anavAda 16) upaniSad (jarmana anuvAda) 17) di sekreDa buksa oNpha di isTa sIrIja (graMthamAlA) ke 48 khaMDoM kA sNpaadn| maitreyanAtha - bauddha vijJAnavAda ke sNsthaapk| yogAcAra kI sthApanA kara inhoMne Arya asaMga ko isa mata kI dIkSA dii| inakA mata AdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ke kAraNa vijJAnavAda tathA dhArmika evaM vyAvahArika dRSTi se yogAcAra kahalAtA hai| inhoMne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| inameM se kevala do hI mUla saMskRta meM upalabdha haiN| zeSa tibbatI tathA cInI anuvAda ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| bastona ne inake 5 graMthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 1) mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra, 2) dharmadharmatAvibhAga, 3) mahAyAna uttarataMtra, 4) madhyAMtra vibhaMga aura 5) abhismyaalNkaarkaarikaa| AryAchanda meM sAlaMkAra kAvyaracanA meM kaushly| maitreyarakSita . I. 11 vIM zatI kA uttraardh| baMgAla ke nivAsI bauddha paMDita / pitA-dhanezvara / kRtiyAM- taMtrapradIpa ("nyAsa" para TIkA), dhAtupradIpa (pANinIya dhAtupATha para bhASya), durghaTavRtti aura mahAbhASyavyAkhyA / "dhAtupradIpa" kA prakAzana, vArendra risarca sosAyaTI rAjazAhI (baMgAla) dvArA saMpanna / inake "taMtrapradIpa" para taMtrapradIpodyotA", "prabhA" tathA "Aloka' nAmaka 3 TIkAeM milatI haiN| prathama do ke lekhaka haiM : kramazaH naMdanamizra aura sanAtana tarkAcArya / tIsarI TIkA (Aloka) ke lekhaka ajJAta haiN| moDaka acyutarAva - (I. 18-19 vIM zatI) nAsika (mahArASTra) ke nivaasii| guru- raghunAtha bhtttt| sAhitya sAra, bhAgIrathI-caMpU va kRSNalIlA (kAvya), bhAminIvilAsa aura paMcadazI para TIkAeM Adi 30 graMthoM ke rcyitaa| san 1834 meM mRtyu| morikA - saMskRta kI prAcIna kavayitrI haiN| "subhASitAvalI" tathA "zAGgadhara-paddhati" meM inake nAma kI kevala 4 racanAeM prApta hotI haiN| isake atirikta inake saMbaMdha meM koI vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotaa| mhasakara - mumbaI ke nivaasii| racanA - svaasthyvRttm| isameM svAsthya tathA dIrghAyutva ke saMbaMdha meM vivaraNa hai| mRtyuMjaya - ratnakheTa kI kanyA ke putr| pitA- kRssnnaadhvrii| racanA- pradyumrottaracaritam (11 sargoM kA mahAkAvya) / yakSasena . ciMtAmaNi nAmaka graMtha ke racayitA jo zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI laghu vRtti hai| yajJanArAyaNa dIkSita - I. 17 vIM shtii| pitA- govinda dIkSita (taMjaura ke prdhaanaamaaty)| choTe bhAI veMkaTezvara bhI kvi| taMjaura ke rAjA raghunAtha kI sabhA meM sammAnita sthAna / samakAlika kaviyoM dvArA prazasti tathA sammAna prApta / pANDityapradarzikI shailii| racanAeM - raghunAthavilAsa (5 aMkoM kA nATaka), raghunAthabhUpavijaya (anupalabdha), sAhityaratnAkara (13 sargoM kA mahAkAvya) aura alaMkAra-ratnAkara / yajJanArAyaNa dIkSita - I. 20 vIM shtii| "padmAvatI" tathA "varUthinI" nAmaka nATakoM ke prnnetaa| yajJasubrahmaNya aura svAmI dIkSita - tinavellI ke nivaasii| I. 19 vIM shtii| racanA- vlliiprinny-cmpuu|| yatIndravimala caudhurI (DA.) - janma karNaphulI nadI ke taTa para sthita kadhukhila grAma (bAMgalA deza) meM di. 2-1-1908 ko| mRtyu san 1964 meN| pitA - rasikacandra caudhurI prAimarI skUla meM adhyApaka the| mAtA-nayanatArA devii| patnI- DA. ramA caudhurii| san 1928 meM bI.e. karane ke pazcAt landana prasthAna / san 1934 meM "vumena ina vaidika ricyuala" para pIeca.DI. upAdhi prApta / isa bIca landana meM sevArata / vivAha san 1938 meN| bhArata lauTane para vaMgIya saMskRta zikSA pariSad ke mNtrii| saMskRta zikSA samiti (baMgAla) ke mNtrii| presiDensI kAleja meM saMskRta vibhaagaadhykss| kalakattA vi.vi. meM saMskRta ke vyaakhyaataa| bAda meM saMskRta kAleja ke praacaary| prAcyavANI (insTiTyUTa Aph orieMTala larniMga) ke sNsthaapk| "prAcyavANI" nAmaka aMgrejI traimAsika patrikA kA patnI ke sahayoga se smpaadn| kRtiyAM- (kAvya) - zaktisAdhana, mAtRlIlAtattva aura vivekAnandacarita (cNpuu)| nATaka-mahimamaya-bhArata, melanatIrtha, bhArata-hRdayAravinda, bhAskarodaya, bhArata-viveka, bhArata-rAjendra, subhASaH subhASaH, dezabandhudezapriya, rakSakaH zrIgorakSaH, niSkiMcana-yazodhA, zaktisArada, AnandarAdha, prItiviSNupriya, bhaktiviSNupriya, muktisArada, amaramIra, bhAratalakSmI, mahAprabhu-haridAsa, vimalayatIndra, dInadAsa-raghunAtha, dhRtisItam aadi| ___ baMgAlI kRtiyAM- paMDita Izvaracandra vidyAsAgara, gauDIya vaiSNavera saMskRta sAhitya dAna, jananI yazodharA, buddha- yazodharA tathA prabandhAvalI (ATha khaNDa) vaMgIyadUta kAvyetihAsa Adi / zodha kRtiyAM- 1) kAnTribyUzana oNpha vimena TU saMskRta liTarecara (sAta bhAgoM meM) 2) kAnTribyUzana oNpha muslimsa TU saMskRta liTarecara, (tIna bhAgoM meM) 3) muslima peTroneja TU saMskRta larniMga (tIna bhAgoM meM) 4) kAnTribyUzana Apha beMgAla TU saMskRta liTarecara (tIna bhAgoM meM) 418 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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anUdita kRtiyAM- zeksapiyara ke othallo aura marceNTa dvArA "zrIvidyA' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita / Aph venisa ke saMskRta anuvaad| sampAdita graMtha- bhramaradUta, kRtiyA- vijayalaharI (giitikaavy)| pratApavijaya, candradUta, haMsadUta, pAnthadUta, vAGmaNDanaguNadUta, ghaTakarpara, padAMkadUta saMyogitA-svayaMvara tathA chatrapati-sAmrAjyam, ye tIna naattk| Adi kaavy| abdullAcita, surajana-carita, vIrabhadra (campU), saptarSida eveda-sarvasva (bhaassy)| inake atirikta mevADapratiSThA, jAmavijaya (kAvya) Adi aitihAsika rcnaaeN| harSadigvijaya Adi pAMca gujarAtI pustkeN| inake atirikta pAli meM eka nATaka jo raMgUna meM san yAdava - bhedAbhedavAdI eka vedaaNtaacaary| ye, yadi rAmAnuja ke 1960 meM abhinIta huaa| guru yAdavaprakAza se abhinna hoM, to inakA samaya I. 11 vIM yAjJavalkya . inake dvArA likhita yAjJavalkyasmRti, zatAbdI kA aMtima bhAga honaa| rAmAnuja ne "vedArthasaMgraha" meM yogayAjJavalkya aura bRhadyogI-yAjJavalkya nAmaka tIna graMtha mAne vedAMtadezika ne "paramata-bhaMga" meM aura vyAsatIrtha ne tAtparyajAte haiN| dharmazAstra itihAsa ke lekhaka bhArataratna kANe, smRtikAra caMdrikA" meM inake mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| inhoMne brahmasUtra aura yogazAstrakAra yAjJavalkya ko bhinna mAnate haiN| usakA aura gItA para bhedAbhedasammata bhASya kA nirmANa kiyA hai| ye kAraNa yaha hai ki yAjJavalkya kRta smRti aura yoga viSayaka nirguNa brahma tathA mAyAvAda nahIM maante| inake mata ke anusAra graMthoM meM dasa yamoM evaM dasa niyamoM kA ullekha hai kintu donoM jJAna-karmasamuccaya mokSa kA sAdhana hai| brahma bhinnAbhinna hai| graMtha nAmollekha meM mela nahIM khaate| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meN| inake pUrvavartI vedAMtAcArya bhAskara bheda ko aupAdhika mAnate haiM yAjJavalkya kI maitreyI aura kAtyAyanI nAmaka do patniyoM kA para yAdava upAdhivAda nahIM maante| ye pariNAmavAdI haiM tathA nirdeza hai| maitreyI adhyAtmapravaNa aura kAtyAyanI saMsArAbhimukha jIvanmukti ko asvIkAra karate haiN| thii| janaka kI rAjasabhA meM upasthita azvala, ArtabhAga, bhujyu, yAdavendra rAya - samaya- I. 20 vIM shtii| bNgaalii| katiyAMlAhyAyani, uSasta, cAkrAyaNa, kahoDa ke samAna gArgI vAcaknavI / AraNyakavilAsa tathA maGgalotsava khnnddkaavy| nATakakA yAjJavalkya se saMvAda huA thaa| vahAM gArgI anya logoM svargIyaprahasana ke samAna yAjJavalkya ke brahmaniSTha hone ke adhikAra para virodha yAdavezvara tarkarana - samaya I. 19-20 shtii| bNgaalii| prakaTa karatI hai| taba yAjJavalkya usakI bhartsanA karate haiM aura kRtiyAM- rAjyAbhiSeka kAvya (1902) aura azruvisarjana khaNDakAvya kahate haiM ki yadi vaha usI prakAra tarka kA Azraya letI (1900) / calegI to usakA sira bhramita ho jaayegaa| yogIyAjJavalkya ke yAmunAcArya (AlavaMdAra) - samaya- I. 10 vIM zatI sampAdaka pI.sI. dIvANajI ne gArgI ko yAjJavalkya kI patnI kA aNtim-crnn| viziSTAdvaita muni (nAthamuni) ke pautra / ye kahA hai| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM "yAjJavalkyasya dve bhAyeM nAthamuni ke samAna hI adhyAtma-niSNAta vidvAn the kintu inakI babhUvatuH / maitreyI ca kAtyAyanI ca" kahA gayA hai| isa vAkya pravRtti rAjasI vaibhava meM hI dina bitAne kI hone se nAthamuni meM kevala do patniyoM kA spaSTa nirdeza hone se vAcaknavI gArgI ke pazcAt AcArya-pada para puMDarIkAkSa tathA rAmamizra ArUDha kA hI aparanAma maitreyI mAnA jAtA hai| hue the| rAmamizra ko yAmunAcArya kI rAjasI pravRtti se baDA zvetAzcatara upaniSad ke bhASya meM zaMkarAcArya ne yogiyAjJavalkya duHkha huaa| ataH unhoMne inheM samajhA-bujhAkara inameM adhyAtmavidyA graMtha se sADhe cAra zloka uddhata kiye haiN| aparArka evaM kI abhiruci utpanna kI aura bhaktizAstra kA upadeza dekara smRticandrikA ne lagabhaga 100 zloka bRhad yogiyAjJavalkya se apanA ziSya bnaayaa| rAmamizra ke vaikuMThavAsI hone ke pazcAt uddhRta kiye hai| ye san 973 meM zrIraMgam ke AcAryapITha para AsIna hue aura katyakalpataru ne lagabhaga 70 zloka bRhadyogi-yAjJavalkya vaiSNava maMDalI kA netatva karane lge| ye apane tAmila nAma se uddhRta kiye haiN| baMgAla ke rAjA ballAlasena (I. 1152-79) "AlavaMdAra" ke nAma se vizeSa prakhyAta haiN| inhoMne prAcIna ne apane dAnasAgara meM bRhadyogi-yAjJavalkya se bahuta se uddharaNa AlavAra-kAvyoM ke pracAra, prasAra tathA adhyApana ke sAtha hI lie haiN| navIna graMthoM kA praNayana bhI kiyaa| inake pramukha graMthoM ke nAma yAjJika, mUlazaMkara mANikalAla - janma naDiyAda (gujarAta) hai- gItArthasaMgraha, zrIcatuHzlokI, siddhitaMtra, mahApuruSanirNaya, meM di. 31-1-1886 ko| mRtyu di. 13-11-1965 ko| AgamaprAmANya tathA aalvNdaarstotr| yAmunAcArya ke graMthoM meM pitaa-maanniklaal| maataa-atilkssmii| Arambhika zikSA naDiyAda yahA sabase adhika lokapriya graMtha hai aura "stotraratna" ke meN| ucca zikSA baDodA meN| bI.e. ke bAda baiMka meM kAryarata / nAma se vaiSNava samAja meM vikhyAta hai| AlavaMdArastotra ke 70 san 1924 meM zinora meM shikssk| bAda meM baDodA ke saMskRta zlokoM meM AtmasamarpaNa ke siddhAnta kA suMdara varNana hai| kaoNleja ke praacaary| sevAnivRtta hone para naDiyAda meM nivAsa / yAmunAcArya ne kAvya evaM darzana donoM hI prakAra ke graMthoM kA vArANasI vidvata pariSad dvArA "sAhityamaNi" tathA zaMkarAcArya praNayana kiyaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/419 For Private and Personal Use Only

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yAska - vaidika vAGmaya ke ratnoM meM nirukta eka atyaMta tejasvI ratna hai| yadyapi niruktakAra aneka (caudaha) hue, phira bhI AcArya yAska kA nirukta kAlAnukrama se antima kintu guNoM se agrima mAnA jAtA hai| yAskAcArya ke nirukta ke bAraha adhyAya haiN| abhI pariziSTa rUpa meM aura do gine jAte haiN| ye pariziSTAtmaka adhyAya bhI pUrvakAla meM bArahaveM adhyAya kA hI bhAga mAne jAte hoMge aisA vidvAnoM kA tarka hai| jisa nighaNTu para bhASyarUpa meM nirukta kI racanA huI vaha nighaNTu yAskapraNIta hai yA nahIM isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM ekamata nhiiN| phira bhI donoM kRtiyoM ko ekakartRka mAnane para hI vidvAnoM kA bahumata dIkhatA hai| yAskAcArya ne nirukta ke atirikta yAjuSasarvAnukramaNI aura kalpa ye do graMtha likhe the kintu ve graMtha upalabdha nahIM haiN| nirUkta ke AdhArabhUta nighaNTu ke tIna kAMDa aura pAMca adhyAya aura haiN| prathama tIna adhyAya neghaNTrakakANDa, cauthA naigamakANDa aura pAMcavAM daivatakANDa ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isakA zAstrIya vivaraNa hI nirukta nAma se prasiddha hai| sabhI paravartI vedabhASyakAroM ke lie yaha graMtha pramANabhUta rahA hai| yAska kA kAla, mahAbhArata-kAla hI samajhanA caahiye| mahAbhArata meM yAska kA nirdeza hai| yAska ke atirikta anya niruktakAra gAlava kA bhI nirdeza hone ke kAraNa vaha saMbhAvanA yAska kA samaya nirdhArita karane meM bAdhaka nahIM hogii| yAska praNIta nirukta ke do pATha haiM, bRhatpATha aura lghupaatth| durgAcArya kI vRtti laghupATha para hai| laghupATha gurjara pATha ke nAma se aura bRhatpATha mahArASTra pATha ke nAma se prasiddha hai| vedArthanirNaya ke viSaya meM niruktakAra ne adhidaivata, adhyAtma, AkhyAna, samaya Adi 9 pakSa banA kara una saba pakSoM kA yathocita samanvaya karake dikhAyA hai| yahI nirukta kI vizeSatA hai| yudhiSThira mImAMsaka - Adhunika yuga ke prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa / rAjasthAna ke aMtargata jilA ajamera ke virakacyAvAsa nAmaka grAma meM di. 22 sitaMbara 1909 I. ko jnm| inhoMne vyAkaraNa, nirukta, nyAya evaM mImAMsA kA vidhivat adhyayana va adhyApana kiyA hai aura saMskRta ke atirikta hiMdI meM bhI aneka graMtha likhe haiN| saMskRta meM abhI taka 14 zodhapUrNa nibaMdha, vividha patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cake haiN| inhoMne saMskata ke 10 graMthoM kA saMpAdana kiyA hai| 'veda-vANI' nAmaka mAsika patrikA ke sNpaadk| bhAratIya prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna (ajamera) ke sNcaalk| 'saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa' tIna khaMDoM meM likhaa| isa graMtha kI apUrvatA ke kAraNa aneka saMskaraNa prakAzita hue| isa ke atirikta kAzakRtsra-dhAtu-vyAkhyAna kA saMskRta anuvAda, daivam puruSakAropetam (dhAtupAThaviSayaka) aura niruktasamuccaya (vararuci-kRta) ina graMthoM kA saMpAdana yudhiSThira mImAMsakajI ne kiyA hai| yogendra mohana - janma- 1886 ii.| mRtyu- 1796 ii.| pitAkAzIzvara ckrvrtii| mAtA- rohiNI devii| agnihotrI zrIrAmamizra, mAdhava mizra Adi ke vaMzaja / baMgalA-deza ke UnasiyA grAma (paraganA koTAlIpADA, jilA 'pharIdapura') meM jnm| zikSAharidAsa siddhAntavAgIza se| san 1915 se 1961 taka matilAlasIla phrI kAleja meM saMskRta se pradhAna adhyaapk| kRtiyAM- kRtAnta-parAjaya (mahAkAvya), saMyuktA-pRthvIrAja (naattk)| baMgAlI kRtiyAM-karmaphala (upanyAsa) aura bhArate klinaattk| inake atirikta katipaya saMskRta nibandha / / raMganAtha - kAzI ke nivaasii| san 1575 meM jnm| pitAbarUlAla / maataa-maujii| jyotiSazAstraviSayaka 'sUryasiddhAMta' para inakI 'gUDhArthaprakAzikA' nAmaka TIkA prasiddha hai| raMganAtha - samaya-I. 16-17 vIM zatI / racanA- 'lakSmIkumArodayam' (mudrit)| isameM kumbhakoNam ke satpuruSa lakSmIkumAra tAtAcArya kA caritra-varNana hai| kavi caritranAyaka kA vaMzaja thA / caritranAyaka vijayanagara ke zrIraMga tathA veMkapati rAjAoM ke maMtrI tathA guru the| inheM koTi-kanyAdAna kI padavI prApta thI kyoM ki inhoMne aneka kanyAoM kA dAna kiyA thaa| caritranAyaka ke guru kAMcIvaram pITha ke AcArya paMcamata bhaMjaka tAtAdezika the| raMganAtha - samaya- I. 18 vIM shtii| tAmila pradeza meM tAmraparNI taTa ke agrahAra ke nivaasii| 'damayantI-kalyANa' nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| raMganAtha kavikuMjara - pitAmaha- vIrarAghavasUri kavirAja / kRtiyAMbhojarAja (aMka),rambhArAvaNIya (IhAmRga) tathA abhinavarAghava (naattk)| raMganAtha tAtAcArya - janma- 1894 ii.| sarasvatI mahala granthAlaya, (taMjaura) ke pramukha adhikaarii| racanAeM- zukasandeza, hanumatprasAdasandeza, kAvya-ratnAvalI, nyAyasabhA aura kutsitakusIdam (maMjUSA mAsika patrikA meM kramazaH prkaashit)| prAraMbhika 4 kRtiyAM bhI prakAzita ho cukI haiN| inakI racanAoM meM saMskRta-vAkyapracAroM kA adhika mAtrA meM prayoga hai| raMganAtha muni (nAthamuni) - samaya- 824 I. 924 ii.| vaiSNava-jagat meM ye nAthamuni ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| ye zaThakopAcArya kI ziSya-paraMparA ke the| zaThakopa, madhurakavi, parAMkuzamuni, nAthamuni yaha paraMparA hai| inhoMne AlavAroM dvArA tAmila bhASA meM viracita bhaktipUrita kAvyoM (tAmila veda) kA punaruddhAra kiyA, zrIraMgam ke prasiddha maMdira meM bhagavAna ke sAmane unake gAyana kI vyavasthA kI tathA vaidika graMthoM ke samAna ina graMthoM kA bhI vaiSNava maMDalI meM adhyApana AraMbha kiyaa| isa prakAra nAthamuni ne jahAM prAcIna tAmila bhakti graMthoM kA uddhAra tathA pracAra kiyA, vahIM navIna saMskRta graMthoM kI racanA evaM vaiSNava mata kA pracAra bhI kiyaa| inake 'yoga-rahasya' nAmaka graMtha kA nirdeza vedAMtadezika ne apane graMthoM meM kiyA muni ke naam| zaThakopa, savAroM dvArA 420 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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hai| inakA 'nyAya-tattva' nAmaka graMtha viziSTAdvaita saMpradAya kA prathama mAnya graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| isa graMtha meM isa mata kI dArzanika dRSTi kA vivecana kiyA hai| nAthamuni zrIraMgam kI AcArya-gaddI para ArUDha the| inake pautra yAmunAcArya, inhIM ke samAna adhyAtma-niSNAta vidvAn the kintu unakI pravRtti rAjasI vaibhava meM hI dina bitAne kI hone se nAthamuni ke pazcAt AcArya -pada para puMDarIkAkSa tathA rAmamizra ArUDha hue the| raMganAtha yajvA - samaya- vi. 18 vIM zatI kA madhya / maMjarImakaranda (padamaMjarI kI TIkA) ke lekhaka / aneka hastalekha uplbdh| aDyAra ke hastalekha meM inakA nAma parimala likhA hai| nallA dIkSita ke pautra, nArAyaNa dIkSita ke putr| inakA vaMza zrauta yajJoM ke anuSThAna ke liye prasiddha / caula deza ke karaNDamANikya grAma ke nivaasii| inhoMne siddhAnta kaumudI para pUrNimA nAmaka vyAkhyA thI likhI hai| raMganAthAcArya - tirupati nivaasii| kRSNammAcArya ke pitaa|| racanAeM- subhASitazatakam, zRMgAranAyikAtilakam, pAdukAsahasrAvatAra- kathAsaMgrahaH, godAcUrNikA, rahasyatrayasAraratnAvalI, sanmatikalpalatA, alaMkArasaMgrahaH / raMgAcArya - samaya- I. 20 vIM shtii| prasiddha dezabhakta / 'zivAjIvijaya'tathA 'harSa-bANabhaTTIya' nAmaka nATakoM ke prnnetaa| raghudeva nyAyAlaMkAra - I. 17 vIM shtii| racanAeM- tattvaciMtAmaNi-gUDhArthadIpikA, navInanirmANam dIdhitiTIkA, nyAyakusumakArikA- vyAkhyA, dravyasArasaMgraha aura padArtha-khaNDana vyaakhyaa| raghunaMdana - pitA- vaMdyaghaTIya brAhmaNa harihara bhttttaacaary| samaya1490 se 1570 I. ke biic| inheM baMgAla kA aMtima dharmazAstrakAra mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne 'smRtitattva' nAmaka bRhat graMtha kI racanA kI hai| yaha graMtha dharmazAstra kA vizvakoza mAnA jAtA hai| isameM 300 graMthoM va lekhakoM ke ullekha haiN| 'smRtitattva' 28 tattvoM vAlA hai| isake atirikta inhoMne 'tIrthatattva', 'dvAdazayAtrA-tattva', 'tripuSkarazAMtitattva,' 'gayA-zrAddha-paddhati', 'rAsayAtrA-paddhati' Adi graMthoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki raghunaMdana va caitanya mahAprabhu donoM ke guru vAsudeva sArvabhauma the| inhoMne dAyabhAga para bhASya kI bhI racanA kI hai| raghunanda gosvAmI - samaya- I. 18 vIM shtii| brdvaan-nivaasii| stava-kadamba, kRSNakeli- sudhAkara, uddhavacarita, gaurAMgacampU Adi kAvya-graMthoM ke rcyitaa| raghunAtha nAyaka- vidvAn va kalAbhijJa nAyakavaMzIya tNjaur-nresh| inhoMne 'rAmAyaNasAra-saMgraha' ke atirikta pArijAta-haraNa, acyutendrAbhyudaya, gajendramokSa, yakSagAna tathA rukmiNIkRSNavivAha kA bhI praNayana kiyA hai| 'saMgIta-sudhA' tathA 'bhArata-sudhA' nAmaka racanAeM bhI inake nAma para calatI haiM kiMtu unakA lekhaka goviMda dIkSita mAne jAte haiN| rAmAyaNa viSayaka inake telagu graMtha kA saMskRta anuvAda madhuravANI ne kiyA, jo rAjasabhA kI sadasyA thiiN| raghunAtha ke jIvana para aneka kaviyoM ne kAvya-racanA kI hai| inakI patnI rAmabhadrAMbA bhI zreSTha kavayitrI thI jisane raghunAthA'bhyudaya nAmaka mahAkAvya meM apane pati kA caritra varNana kiyA hai| raghunAtha - racanA- 'vAdirAja- vRtt-rtn-sNgrhH'| isa kAvya meM vijayanagara sAmrAjya ke aMtima dinoM meM hae karnATakIya mahAkavi vAdirAja kA caritra varNana hai| vAdirAja ne aneka kAvya likhe haiN| ve saba mudrita haiN| raghunAtha - samaya- anumAnataH 1626-1678 ii.| mevADI kvi| Apa mahArAjA jagatsiMha ke samakAlIna the| inakI ekamAtra kRti hai- jgtsiNhkaavym| isameM mahArANA kA jIvanacarita varNita hai| raghunAtha- I. 17 vIM shtii| sAmantasAra (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| pitA- gauriikaant| 'kRSNavallabha' se samAzraya prApta / kRti-trikANDa-cintAmaNi (amarakoza kI vRtti)| raghunAthadAsa - I. 15 vIM shtii| caitanya-paramparA ke chaH pramukha gosvAmiyoM meM se ek| saptagrAma ke jamIMdAra-kula meM jnm| kRtiyAM- dAnakeli-cintAmaNi (laghu kAvya) muktAcarita (campU) tathA stvaavli| raghunAthadAsa - racanA- haMsadUtam (I. 17 vIM shtii)| raghunAtha nAyaka - taMjaura ke eka vidvAna / inakA 'vAlmIkicarita' (vAlmIki ke caritra para AdhArita ekameva kAvya) saMskRta sAhitya meM vidyamAna hai| raghanAthazAstrI-samaya-I.19 vIM zatI / racanA- gaadaadhriipNcvaadttiikaa| raghunAtha ziromaNi - I. 14 vIM shtii| navadvIpa ke sarvazreSTha navya naiyaayik| vAsudeva sArvabhauma va pakSadharamizra ke pAsa inhoMne adhyayana kiyA thaa| inhoMne tattvaciMtAmaNi' para 'dIdhiti' nAmaka TIkA likhii| isa TIkA meM inhoMne aneka siddhAMtoM kA yuktipUrva khaMDana karate hue apane navIna siddhAMta prasthApita kiye haiN| mUla graMtha ke sAtha hI, Age calakara yaha TIkA bhI pAMDitya kI kasauTI siddha huii| yaha TIkA, maulika vicAroM evaM tArkika pratibhA kA apUrva saMgama hai| raghunAtha kI isa advitIya tArkika buddhi ke kAraNa unheM, 'ziromaNi' kI padavI prApta huI thii| anya racanAeM . bauddha-dhikkAra-ziromaNi, padArtha-tattva-nirUpaNa, kiraNAvalI-prakAza-dIdhitiH, nyAyalIlAvatI-prakAza-dIdhiti, avacchedakatvaniruktiH, khaNDana-khaNDakhAdya dIdhiti, AkhyAtavAda aura navAda / raghunAthasUri . pAkazAstra viSayaka saMkalita jAnakArI prastuta saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 421 For Private and Personal Use Only

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karane vAle 'bhojana-kutUhala' nAmaka graMtha ke lekhaka / yaha graMtha mudrita svarUpa meM nhiiN| isakI hastalikhita prati ujjaina ke prAcya graMtha-saMgraha meM surakSita hai| racanA-kAla I. 18 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| graMtha kI racanA karate samaya dharmazAstra tathA vaidyakazAstra ke 101 graMthoM ke uddharaNoM kA vipula prayoga karane ke sAtha hI raghunAthasUri ne kahIM-kahIM para apanA svayaM kA bhI mata vyakta kiyA hai| raghunAthasUri - samaya- I. 18 vIM shtii| maisUra- nivaasii| pitaa-shailnaathsuuri| rAmAnuja mahAdezika kI ziSyaparamparA meN| 'prAbhAvata' nATaka ke prnnetaa| DA. raghuvIra - anekavidha Adhunika zAstroM kI saMskRtaniSTha paribhASA ke kozoM ke nirmaataa| ina kozoM meM arthazAstrazabdakoza, AMglabhAratIya-pakSinAmavalI, AMganamA tIya prazAsana zabdakoza, khanija- abhijJAna, tarkazAstrapAribhASika-zabdAvalI, vANijyazabdakoza, sAMkhyikI-zabdakoza ityAdi ullekhanIya haiN| ApakA kozakArya nAgapura tathA dillI meM hm| nApa bhAratIya janasaMgha ke adhyakSa the| eka zocanIya pAra ke kAraNa ApakA dehAnta huaa| rajanIkAnta sAhityAcArya- samaya- I. 10 va paatii| citagAMva (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| kRtiyAM- cttttlvilaap-citrkaavy| vidyaashtk| nATaka-maGgalotsava aura saskatabodha- vyaakrnn| raNachoDa bhaTTa - samaya- anumAnataH 1652-1600 ii.| inhoMne mevADa ke mahArANA amarasiMha ko apanI racanA kA viSaya banAyA hai| graMtha (1) amarakAvyavaMzAvalI aura (2) rAjaprazastikAvya- isa mahAkAvya ko 24 soM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| raNendranAtha gupta kavirAja / samaya- I. 20 vIM shtii| vNgvaasii| 'hIrazcandracarita' nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| ratrakIrti - I. 16 vIM shtii| guru-llitkiirti| graMthabAhubhadracarita (4 srg)| purANazailI meM likhita / ratnabhUSaNa - I. 19 vIM shtii| pUrva baMgAla ke nivaasii| kRtiyAM- kAvyakaumudI (viSaya- kaavyshaastr)| ratnanandigaNI - jainapaMthI tapAgaccha ke somasundara sUri ke praziSya aura nandiratnagaNI ke shissy| graMtha- 1. upadezataraMgaNI 2. bhojaprabaMdha (vi.saM. 1510) / ratnAkara - 'haravijaya' nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| pitaaamRtbhaanu| kAzmIra-nareza cipaTa jayApIDa (800 I.) ke sbhaa-pNddit| kalhaNa kI 'rAjataraMgiNI' meM inheM avaMtivarmA ke rAjyakAla meM prasiddhi prApta hone kA ullekha hai| ye I. 9 vIM zatI ke prathamArdha taka vidyamAna the| 'haravijaya' kA prakAzana kAvyamAlA saMskRta sIrIja muMbaI se ho cukA hai| ratnAkara ne mAgha kI khyAti ko dabAne ke liye hI 'haravijaya' mahAkAvya kA praNayana kiyA thaa| ratnAkara paNDita - rAjasthAna- nivAsI / racanA- jayasiMha-kalpadrumaH, viSaya- dhrmshaastr| I. 18 vIM shtii| ratnAkara zAntideva - I. 9 vIM shtii| 'bubhukSu' ke nAma se vikhyAta / vikramazilA maTha ke dvArapaNDita / 'chandoratnAkara' ke kartA / ramAkAnta mizra - I. 20 vIM shtii| vyAkaraNAcArya,sAhityAcArya, AyurvedAcArya tathA bI.e. / narakaTiyAgaMja (caMpArana) ke jAnakI saMskRta vidyAlaya meM prdhaanaadhyaapk| 'javAharalAla neharU vijaya' nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| ramA caudhurI - samaya- I. 20 vIM shtii| DA. yatIndravimala caudhurI kI ptnii| pitA- bairisTara sudhAMzumohana bosa (vaMgIya pablika sarvisa kamizana ke adhyakSa) / pitAmaha-bai. Anandamohana bosa (iMDiyana nezanala kA~gresa ke adhykss)| mAmA prA. e.sI. bainarjI (prayAga vi.vi. ke adhykss)| pitA ke mAmA mahAn vaijJAnika sara jagadIzacaMdra basu / isa prakAra ApakI kulaparaMparA ullekhanIya hai| AksaphorDa vi.vi. se DI.phila. kI upAdhi / leDI breborna kAleja kI 30 varSoM taka praacaaryaa| sAta varSoM taka ravIndra bhAratI vi.vi. kI kulpti| kaI sAMskRtika saMsthAoM kI sadasyA evaM adhykssaa| san 1970 meM jarmana zAsana dvArA smmaanit| san 1971 meM rUsa ke nimaMtraNa para (do anya kulapatiyoM ke sAtha) ruus-gmn| pati ke divaMgata hone ke pazcAt cAra varSoM meM 20 nATakoM kA sRjn| bhArata tathA videzoM meM aneka bAra apane tathA apane pati DA. yatIndravimala caudhurI ke nATakoM kA maMcana tathA nirdezana / sAhitya akAdamI kI janarala kaunsila tathA saMskRta maMDala kI sdsyaa| kRtiyAM- zaMkara-zaMkaram, dezadIpam, pallIkamala, kavikula-kokila, meghamedura-medinIya, yugajIna-nivedita-niveditam, abhedAnanda, rasamaya-rAsamaNi,rAmacaritamAnasa, caitanya-caitanyam, saMsArAmRta, nagaranUpura, bhArata-pathika, kavikula-kamala, bhAratAcArya, agnivINA, gaNadevatA, bhAratatAtam, yatIndram tathA prasannaprasAda / baMgAlI kRtiyAM - dazavedAnta sampradAya, sAhityakaNa, saMskRtAMgaroga, nimbArkadarzana, vedAntadarzana, sUphIdarzana o vedAnta / ____ aMgrejI kRtiyAM - (1) DAkTrinsa oNpha niMbArka anDa hija phAloarsa (tIna khaMDa) (2) suphIjham auNDa vedaant| (3) iMDo islAmika siMtheTika philoNsoNphii| (4) DAkTrinsa oNpha zrIkaNTha (3 khNdd)| (5) saMskRta auNDa prAkRta poeTeses / (6) philaoNsaoNphikala esej| (7) Tena skUls oNpha vedAnta (3 khNdd)| ramAnAtha mizra - janma- san 1904 meM, bAlezvara ke nikaTa maNikhambha grAma (utkala) meN| pitA- yadunAtha mizra / bAlezvara ke zrIrAmacandra saMskRta vidyAlaya meM saMskRta kI zikSA / AjIvana vahIM adhyApana / sAhityazAstrI, AyurvedazAstrI tathA karmakANDAcArya kI upAdhiyoM se alNkRt| aMgrejI meM bhI nipunn| kRtiyAM 422 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra caNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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cANakyavijaya, purAtanabAlezvara, samAdhAna, prAyazcita, Atmavikraya, rAkhAladAsa nyAyaratna (ma.ma.) - mRtyu- san 1921 meN| karmaphala tathA zrIrAmavijaya nAmaka naattk| prasiddha naiyaayik| kRtiyAM- rasaratna aura kavitAvalI (kAvya) ramAnAtha ziromaNi - medinIpura (baMgAla) ke nivaasii|| DA. ve. rAghavan - (dekhie veMkaTarAma rAghavan) / pArijAta-haraNa nATaka ke lekhk| prakAzana 1904 meN| rAghavAcArya - zrInivAsAcArya ke putra / racanA- vaikuNThavijayacampU ramApati upAdhyAya - pallI- nivaasii| bhArgava vaMzI maithila (bhArata ke aneka mandiroM tathA tIrthasthAnoM kA varNana) aura braahmnn| darabhaMgA ke rAjA narendrasiMha (1744-1761 I.) kA indiraabhyudym| samAzraya praapt| pitA- zrIkRSNapati bhI kavi the| racanA'rukmiNI- pariNaya' nAmaka chaH aMkoM kA naattk| rAghavendra kavi - I. 18 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / 'rAdhA-mAdhava' nAmaka sAta aMkI nATaka ke prnnetaa| ramezacaMdra zukla - ema.e. pIeca.DI., sAMkhyayogAcArya, rAghavendra kavizekhara * I. 17 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / sAhityAcArya, sAhityaratna ityAdi upAdhiyoM se vibhuussit| DA. bhavabhUtivArtA nAmaka campU ke rcyitaa| ramezacaMdra zuklajI, alIgaDha ke vASrNeya mahAvidyAlaya meM saMskata vibhAgAdhyakSa pada se sevAnivRtta hue| Adhunika saMskRta lekhakoM rAghavendra yati - mAdhva saMpradAya ke prasiddha graMthakAra / mantrArthamaMjarI meM ApakI sAhitya sevA sarAhanIya hai| cArucaritacarcA nAmaka nAmaka graMtha ke praNetA jisameM zrImadhvAcArya kRta bhASya kA ApakA gadya nibaMdha saMgraha prAcIna, madhyayugIna evaM arvAcIna svatantra vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| isa vyAkhyArUpa graMtha meM mahApuruSoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya detA hai| isake atirikta zAbarabhASya, candrikA, aitareyabhASya, anuvyAkhyAna, sUtrakArakaNThIrava, Apake dvArA likhita graMtha haiM- (1) prabaMdharatnAkara, (2) gItA, kaNvazruti Adi aneka graMthoM ke uddharaNa milate haiM jinase nATyasaMskRtisudhA, (3) gAMdhigauravam (uttara pradeza zAsana rAghavendra yati ke pANDitya kI garimA kA paricaya milatA hai| puraskRta) (4) lAlabahAdura zAstrI caritam, (5) bharatacaritAmRta, rAjacUDAmaNi (dIkSita) - I. 17 vIM shtii| pitA- zrInivAsa (6) vibhAvanam, (7) baMgalAdeza, (8) gItamahAvIram, (9) dIkSita jo SaDbhASA- catura, 'advaitAcArya' 'abhinava-bhavabhUti' saMskRtavaibhavam, (10) yshaastilkm| Apake graMtha vANI pariSada, Adi upAdhiyoM se prasiddha the aura jinheM AzrayadAtA cola Ara-6, uttamanagara, vANIvihAra, naI dillI-59. isa sthAna rAjA ne 'ratnakheTa' kI upAdhi dii| isa mahAkavi ke patra para prApta ho sakate haiN| rAjacUDAmaNi bhI kavi the| unake 'zaMkarAbhyudaya' (6 sarga) rayata ahobalamantrI - I. 16 vIM shtii| pitA- nRsiNhaamaaty| kAvya meM jagadgurU zaMkarAcArya kA caritra-varNana hai| yaha kAvya pitAmaha- cannaya mntrii| racanA- kuvalaya-vilAsa nATaka (pAMca saMskRta mAsika 'sahadayA' meM kramazaH prasiddha huaa| aNkii)| anya racanAeM- yAdava-rAghava- pAMDavIyam, vRttaratnAvalI, ravikIrti - prshsti-lekhk| cAlukya pulakezI satyAzraya dvArA citramaMjarI, kAmakathA aura kAvyadarpaNa, raghunAtha-bhUpavijaya, saMrakSita / samaya- I. 7 vIM shtaabdii| prazasti meM pulakezI ke 'ratnakheTavijaya (pitA kA caritra vrnnn)| inhoMne 'maMjubhASiNI' pratApa aura teja kA sarasa aura alaMkRta zailI meM varNana / nAmaka rAmakathA paraka kAvya, eka hI dina meM likhA thaa| kAlidAsa aura bhAravi ke smkkss| 37 zlokoM meM nirmita rAjacUDAmaNi makhI - I. 17 vIM shtii| racanAeMisa prazasti se dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjanItika itihAsa para vizada tttvcintaamnni-drpnn| prakAza paDatA hai| itihAsa kI dRSTi se isa prazasti kA bahuta rAjAditya - samaya- 12 vIM shtii| upanAma- padmavidyAdhara / mahattva hai| pitA- shriipti| mAtA- vsntaa| guru-zubhacaMdra deva / janmagrAmaravicandra - aparanAma muniindr| krnaattkvaasii| jainapaMthI mAdhavacandra koMDimaMDala kA puuvinbaag| viSNuvardhana rAjA ke sabhA-paNDita / kI guruparaMparA ke anuyaayii| samaya- I. 13 vIM shtii| racanA- graMtha- vyavahAragaNita, kSetragaNita, vyavahAriratna, jainagaNita sUtra aaraadhnaasaar-smuccy| isa para AcArya kundakunda kA prabhAva TIkA udAharaNa, citrahasuge aura liilaavtii| spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| rAjamalla - kASThAsaMghI, hemcndraanvyii| kumArasena ke paTTaziSya / raviSeNa - dakSiNa bhAratIya mhaakvi| muni lakSmaNasena ke samaya- I. 17 vIM shtii| racanAeM- 1. lATI-saMhitA, 2. shissy| jinasena aura udyotanasUri ne unakA nAmollekha kiyA jambU-svAmicarita (13 sarga, 1400 padya), 3. hai| ataHsamaya sAtavIM zatAbdI nizcita hai| racanA- padmacarita adhyAtma-kamalamArtaNDa (4 adhyAya, 101 padya), 4. piMgalazAstra jo 123 paryoM meM vibhakta hai| vimalasUri ke 'paumacariya' para aura 5. pNcaadhyaayii| AgarA aura nAgarA kAryakSetra rhaa| yaha graMtha AdhArita hai| kavi ne kathAvastu ke sAtha vAnaravaMza, rAjavarmA e. Ara. - samaya- 1863-1918 ii.| san 1890 rAkSasavaMza Adi kI buddhisaMgata vyAkhyAeM kI haiN| yaha graMtha meM vidyAlayoM ke adhiikssk| san 1899 meM trAvaNakora ke jainarAmAyaNa nAma se vidita hai| saMskRta zikSaNa ke supariNTeNDeNTa / madrAsa vi.vi. ke ema.e. / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 423 For Private and Personal Use Only

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san 1912 meM trivendrama ke mahAvidyAlaya meM saMskRta ke "kAvyAnuzAsana" meM milatA hai| "kAvyamImAMsA" inakA praadhyaapk| vidvadgoSThiyoM dvArA saMskRta ke abhyudaya kI yojanAeM sAhityazAstra viSayaka graMtha hai| inake 4 nATakoM ke nAma haiMkAryAnvita kii| guru-AcArya cUnakara acyuta vAriyAra tathA 1) bAlarAmAyaNa, 2) bAlamahAbhArata (jisakA dUsarA nAma cAcA keralavarmA se zikSA praapt|| "pracaMDapAMDava' bhI hai), 3) viddhazAlabhaMjikA aura 4) kRtiyAM- gairvANI-vijaya (nATaka), AMgla-sAmrAjya krpuurmNjrii| karpUramaMjarI kI saMpUrNa racanA prAkRta meM hone (mahAkAvya), rAdhA-mAdhava (gItikAvya), uddAlakacarita ke kAraNa isa nATikA ko saTTaka kahA jAtA hai| rAjazekhara (othello kA saMskRta gadyAnuvAda), tulAbhAra-prabaMdha, ne svayaM ko kavirAja kahA hai aura mahAkAvya ke praNetAoM ke RgvedakArikA, laghupANinIya (aSTAdhyAyI kA saMkSepa), prati apanA Adara-bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai| ye bhUgola ke bhI karaNapariSkaraNa (jyotiSa viSayaka), vINASTaka, devImaMgala, mahAjJAtA the| inhoMne bhUgolaviSayaka "bhuvanakoSa' nAmaka graMtha vimAnASTaka Adi laghukAvya / inake atirikta Apane keralapANinIya kI bhI racanA kI thii| isakI sUcanA "kAvya-mImAMsA' meM (malayAlama kA vyAkaraNa) tathA bhASAbhUSaNa (kAvyazAstraviSayaka) prApta hotI hai| nAmaka malayAlama-graMthoM kA bhI praNayana kiyaa| ___ inhoMne "kavirAja" use kahA hai jo aneka bhASAoM meM rAjarudra - kAzikA vRtti meM uddhRta kAtyAyanIya vArtikoM ke samAna adhikAra ke sAtha racanA kara ske| inhoMne svayaM aneka bhaassykaar| pitRnaam-gnny| madrAsa ke hastalekha-saMgraha meM eka bhASAoM meM racanA kI thii| inakI racanAoM ke adhyayana se hastalidhita prati vidyamAna hai, jisameM ATha adhyAya aura pratyeka jJAta hotA hai ki ve nATakakAra kI apekSA kavi ke rUpa meM meM cAra pAda haiN| adhika saphala rahe haiN| "bAlarAmAyaNa" kI vizAlatA (10 rAjavallabha- baMgAla nivaasii| grantha- dravyaguNa / aMka), usake abhineya hone meM bAdhaka siddha huI hai| rAjavarma-kulazekhara - I. 19 vIM shtii| trAvaNakora ke nareza / rAjazekhara zArdUlavikrIDita chaMda ke siddhahasta kavi haiM jisakI racanAeM- ajAmilopAkhyAna, padmanAbhazataka, kucelopAkhyAna, prazaMsA kSemeMdra ne apane "suvRttatilaka' meM kI hai| inhoMne bhaktimaMjarI aura utsvvrnnn| sabhI mudrit| apane nATakoM ke "bhaNitiguNa' kI svayaM prazaMsA kI hai| rAjazekhara - samaya- I. 10 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / inhoMne "bAlarAmAyaNa" ke nATya-guNa ko mahattva na dekara use prasiddha nATakakAra va kaavyshaastrii| inhoMne apane nATakoM kI pAThya va geya mAnA hai| ye apane nATakoM kI sArthakatA abhinaya prastAvanA meM apanI jIvanI vistArapUrvaka prastuta kI hai| ye meM na mAna kara paDhane meM svIkAra karate haiM (bAlarAmAyaNa 1/12) / mahArASTra kI sAhityika paraMparA se vimaMDita eka brAhmaNa-vaMza AcAryoM ne rAjazekhara ko "zabda-kavi" kahA hai| varNana meM utpanna hue the| inakA kula "yAyAvara" ke nAma se vikhyAta kI nipuNatA tathA alaMkAroM kA ramaNIya prayoga unheM ucca thaa| kItha ne inheM bhramavaza kSatriya mAnA hai| inakI patnI koTi kA kavi siddha karate haiN| inhoMne apanI racanAoM meM avazyahI cauhAna-kulotpanna kSatrANI thIM jinakA nAma avaMtisuMdarI lokoktiyoM va muhAvaroM kA bhI camatkArapUrNa vinyAsa kiyA hai| thaa| ve saMskRta va prAkRta bhASA kI viduSI evaM kavayitrI thii| rAjazekhara - samaya- I. 19 vIM shtii| somanAthapurI (jilA rAjazekhara ne apane sAhityazAstrIya graMtha "kAvya-mImAMsA" meM godAvarI, Andhra pradeza) meM vaastvy| racanAeM- sAhityakalpadruma "pAka" ke prakaraNa meM inake mata kA AkhyAna kiyA hai| (81 stabaka), alaMkAramakaranda, zivazataka aura zrIza (bhAgavata) rAjazekhara, kAnyakubja-nareza maheMdrapAla va mahIpAla ke rAjaguru cmpuu| the| pratihAravaMzI zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para maheMdrapAla kA rAjAnaka ruyyaka - ye kAzmIrI mAne jAte haiN| samaya, I. 10 vIM zatI kA prAraMbhika kAla mAnA jAtA hai| rAjAnaka inakI upAdhi thii| "kAvya-prakAza-saMketa" nAmaka graMtha ataH rAjazekhara kA bhI yahI samaya hai| usa yuga meM rAjazekhara ke prAraMbhika dvitIya padya meM inhoMne apanA nAma rucaka diyA ke pAMDitya evaM kAvyapratibhA kI sarvatra khyAti thI, aura ve hai| "alaMkAra-sarvasva" ke TIkAkAra cakravartI, kumArasvAmI, svayaM ko vAlmIki, bhartRmeNTha tathA bhavabhUti ke avatAra mAnate . appaya dIkSita prabhRti ne bhI inakA rucaka nAma diyA hai| the (baalbhaart)| inake saMbaMdha meM subhASitasaMgrahoM tathA aneka kintu maMkhaka ke "zrIkaMThacarita' nAmaka mahAkAvya meM ruyyaka graMthoM meM vicAra vyakta kiye gaye haiN| abhidhA dI gaI hai| ataH inake donoM hI nAma prAmANika haiM rAjazekhara kI aba taka 10 racanAoM kA patA calA hai, aura ina donoM hI nAmadhArI eka hI vyakti the| inake pitA jinameM 4 rUpaka, 5 prabaMdha aura 1 kAvyazAstrIya graMtha hai| kA nAma rAjAnaka tilaka thA, jo ruyyaka ke guru bhI the| inhoMne svayaM apane SaTprabaMdhoM kA saMketa kiyA hai| (bAlarAmAyaNa maMkhaka se "zrIkaMTha-carita" kA racanAkAla 1135-45 I. ke 1/12) / ina prabaMdhoM meM se 5 prabaMdha prakAzita ho cuke haiM . . madhya hai| ruyyaka ne apane "alaMkAra-sarvasva" meM "zrIkaMThacarita" tathA 6 vAM prabaMdha "haravilAsa" kA uddharaNa hemacaMdra racita . ke 5 zloka udAharaNa svarUpa uddhRta kiye haiN| ataH inakA 424/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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samaya I. 12 vIM zatI kA madhya hI nizcita hotA hai| "alaMkArasarvasva' inakI prauDha kRti hai| yaha graMtha sUtra, vRtti aura udAharaNa ina tIna bhAgoM meM hai| isa meM chaha zabdAlaMkAroM va 75 arthAlaMkAroM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA hai| isapara jayaratha kI vimarzinI nAmaka TIkA hai| ruyyaka ne sAhitya ke vibhinna aMgoM para svataMtra rUpa se yA / vyAkhyAtmaka graMthoM ke rUpa meM racanA kI hai| inakI racanAoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- sahRdayalIlA (prakAzita), sAhitya-mImAMsA (prakAzita), alaMkArAnusAriNI, alaMkAramaMjarI, alaMkAra-vArtika, alaMkAra-sarvasva (prakAzita), zrIkaMThastava, kAvyaprakAzasaMketa (prakAzita) evaM bRhtii| "sahRdayalIlA" atyaMta choTI pustaka hai jisameM kevala 4-5 pRSTha hai| "alaMkAra-sarvasva" inakA sarvoktRSTa graMtha hai jisameM alaMkAroM kA prauDha vivecana hai| "nATaka-mImAMsA" kA ullekha "vyakti-viveka-vyAkhyAna' nAmaka inake graMtha meM hai kiMtu saMprati yaha graMtha anupalabdha hai| "alaMkArAnusAriNI", alaMkAravArtika va alaMkAramaMjarI kI sUcanA jayarathakRta vimarzinI-TIkA meM prApta hotI hai| "vyakti-viveka-vyAkhyAna", mahima bhaTTakRta "vyakti-viveka" kI vyAkhyA hai, jo apUrNa rUpa meM hI upalabdha hai| ruyyaka dhvanivAdI AcArya haiN| inhoMne "alaMkArasarvasva" ke prAraMbha meM kAvya kI AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM bhAmaha, udbhaTa, rudraTa, vAmana, kuMtaka, mahimabhaTTa va dhvanikAra ke matoM kA sAra prastuta kiyA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se inake vivecana kA atyadhika mahattva hai| paravartI AcAryoM meM vidyAdhara, vidyAnAtha va zobhAkara mitra ne ruyyaka ke alaMkAra saMbaMdhI mata se paryApta sahAyatA grahaNa kI hai| rAjendra mizra (DA.) - I. 20 vIM shtii| prayAga vi.vi. meM adhyaapk| kRtiyAM- vAmanAvataraNa (mahAkAvya) bhAratadaNDaka, AryAnyokti zataka va nATyapaMcagavya / kavisammelana, rAdhA-mAdhavIya, phaNTusacarita-bhANa, navarasa-prahasana tathA kacAbhizApa nAmaka rUpakoM kA sNkln| inake atirikta hindI tathA jaunapurI meM bhI katipaya racanAeM prasiddha haiN| rAtahavya Atreya - Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke 85 va 66 sUktoM ke drssttaa| 66 veM sUkta kI tIsarI RcA meM rAtahavya kA ullekha AyA hai| ukta donoM sUktoM meM mitrAvaruNa kI stuti kI gayI hai| 66 veM sUkta ko aMta meM lokamatAnuvartI svarAjya kI prArthanA kI gayI hai| rAtrI bhAradvAjI - eka sUkta drssttrii| Apane Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 127 veM sUkta kI racanA kI hai| isameM rAtri-devatA kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| sAyaNAcArya ke anusAra isa sUkta ke draSTA kuzika saubhara haiN| sUkta kI eka RcA isa prakAra hai - rAtrI vyakhyadAyatI puruvA devyakSabhiH / vizvA adhi zriyo dhita / / arthAt aneka dezoM para rAja karane vAlI, drutagAminI aura zobhAyamAna rAtri devI, apane nakSatra rUpI netroM se vizva kA nirIkSaNa karatI hai| duSTaprahoM ke nivAraNa hetu zAMtipATha ke rUpa meM isa sUkta kA paThana kiyA jAtA hai| rAtri devI ke do prakAra batAye gaye haiN| eka jIvarAtri aura dUsarA IzvararAtri (jise kAlarAtri bhI kahA jAtA hai) durgopaniSad meM durgA ko kAlarAtri batAyA gayA hai| mArIcakalpa meM durgAsaptazatI kA prAraMbha karate samaya rAtri-sUkta ke paThana kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| rAdhAkAnta deva (rAjA) - I. 19 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / racanA- zabdakalpadruma nAmaka koshgrNth| rAdhAkRSNa tivArI - kavizekhara kI upAdhi prApta / solaapur-nivaasii| vaiSNava smprdaayii| 35 varSa kI Ayu taka bhAgavata ke eka hajAra pArAyaNa kiye the| racanA-rAdhApriyazatakam (vidyArthI-dazA meM likhit)| anya racanAeM- dazAvatArastavana, dazAvatAracarita, gajendracarita, sAvitrIcarita, bAlabhaktacarita, zrIrAmacarita aura shriikRssnncrit| rAdhAdAmodara - bNgaalii-vaissnnv| kRti-chandaHkaustubha / rAdhAmohanadAsa - I. 19 vIM shtii| rAdhAvallabhasampradAya ke anuyAyI va saMskRta bhASyakAra / pitA kA nAma-rAjA jayasiMha dev| gosvAmI candralAla, rUpalAla evaM motIlAla ke ziSya / rIvAM-nivAsI saMta priyAdAsa ne inheM bhaktimArga para laayaa| Apane "rAdhAvallabhabhASya" va "zrImadbhAgavatArtha-digdarzana' ina do graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| "rAdhAvallabhabhASya" meM brahmasUtra ke cAra adhyAyoM para bhASya likhA hai| "bhAgavatArthadigdarzana" bhAgavata kA gadya rUpa meM saMkSipta anuvAda hai| rAdhAmaMgala nArAyaNa- I. 19 vIM shtii| "mukunda-manoratham" "udArarAghavam" tathA "mahezvarollAsa" ina tIna nATakoM ke praNetA / rAdhAmohana sena - kRtiyAM- saMgIta-taraMga aura saMgIta-ratna / rAdhAramaNadAsa gosvAmI - samaya- vikramI kI 19 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / vRMdAvana ke nivaasii| zrIdhara svAmI kI bhAvArtha-dIpikA (bhAgavata kI zrIdharI vyAkhyA) ke bhAvArtha ko sarala banAnevAlI "dIpikA-dIpana' ke lekhk| Apa apane dIpikA-dIpana ko TIkA na kahakara "TippaNa" kahate haiN| inakA yaha graMtha pUre bhAgavata para na hokara katipaya skaMdhoM taka hI sImita hai| inhoMne apane kuTuMbI janoM kA nirdeza ekAdaza skaMdha ke AraMbha meM kiyA hai| inake samaya (vikramI kI 19 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha) ke bAre meM vAsudeva kRSNa caturvedI ne apane graMtha "zrImadbhAgavata ke TIkAkAra" meM vistRta vicAra prastuta kiyA hai|| Apa zrI. caitanya ke matAnuyAyI vaiSNava saMta the| rAdhAvallabha tripAThI (DA.) - janma di. 15-2-1949 ko, rAjagar3ha (ma.pra.) meN| em.e. taka sabhI parIkSAeM prathama zreNI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 425 For Private and Personal Use Only

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meM uttIrNa / san 1972 meM sAgara vi.vi. se "saMskRta kaviyoM ke vyaktitva kA vikAsa' zIrSaka zodhaprabaMdha para pIeca.DI. / sAgara vi.vi. meM saMskRta vibhaagprmukh| kRtiyAM- mahAkaviH kaNTaka- (AkhyAyikA), prema-pIyUSa (nATaka), saMskRta : nibaMdhakAlikA tathA bhAratI / "divya-jyoti" va "saMskRta-pratibhA" meM prakAzita katipaya kahAniyA~ evaM kvitaaeN| hindI kRtiyAM-bhAratIya dharma tathA saMskRti Adi katipaya grNth| rAnaDe, vizvanAthabhaTTa- I. 17 vIM shtii| mUlataH koNknn-nivaasii| bAda meM kAzI meM pratiSThita / pitA-mahAdevabhaTTa raandde| pitAmahaviSNubhaTTa raandde| guru-kamalAkarabhaTTa tathA ddhunnddiraaj| racanAeMzambhuvilAsa (kAvya) aura zRMgAravApikA (naattikaa)| rAmakavi - I. 16 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| gotrkaashyp| pitaa-raamkRssnn| "zRMgAra-rasodaya" nAmaka kAvya ke krtaa| rAmakizora cakravartI - bNgaal-nivaasii| "aSTamaMgalA" (kAtantravRtti kI TIkA) ke krtaa| rAmakizora mizra - janma san 1939 meM eTA (u.pra.) jile meN| meraTha vi.vi. ke antargata praadhyaapk| pitA- hotIlAla / mAtA- klaavtii| "aMguSTha-dAna" tathA "dhuva" nAmaka laghu nATakoM ke rcyitaa| rAmakubera mAlavIya - I. 20 vIM shtii| mRtyu san 1973 meN| kAzI vi.vi. ke saahityaacaary| vahIM para adhyaapk| antima dinoM meM kAzI ke saMskRta vi.vi. meM sAhitya ke prAdhyApaka tathA vibhAgAdhyakSa / "tIrthayAtrA" nAmaka prahasana ke prnnetaa| rAmakailAza pANDeya - I. 20 vIM shtii| eDiyA ke nikaTa prayAga jile ke nivaasii| prayAga vi.vi. se em.e. / kRtiyAMprabuddhabhArata (nATaka), bhAratazataka (kAvya) tathA aneka saMskRta nibndh| rAmakRSNa - samaya- I. 18 vIM shtii| vatsagotrIya / pitaa-tiruml| guru- ramaNendra srsvtii| pitAmaha-veMkaTAdri bhttttaark| "uttaracarita" nATaka ke prnnetaa| upanAma "bhvbhuuti"| anya racanA- ratnAkara (siddhAnta kaumudI kI ttiikaa)| rAmakRSNa kAdamba - samaya- I. 19 vIM zatI / godAvarI tttvaasii| racanAeM- aditikuNDalAharaNa tathA kuzalavacarita (nATaka), nRsiMha-vijaya (kAvya), citrazataka, rAmAvayava-maMjarI, naiSadha-carita-TIkA, campU-bhArata-TIkA, zrImad-bhAgavatatAtparya-maMjarI aura dattakollAsa (dhrmshaastrvissyk)| rAmakRSNa cakravartI - I. 16 vIM zatI ke eka zreSTha naiyaayik| kAzI ke baMgAlI paMDitoM meM inheM jagadguru, mahAmahopAdhyAya, bhaTTAcArya ke rUpa meM sammAna prApta thaa| aneka paMDitoM ke anusAra dIdhitikAra raghunAtha ziromaNi inake sAkSAt guru the| Apane ciMtAmaNidIdhitiTIkA, guNadIdhitiprakAza, lIlAvatIdIdhitiTIkA, padArthakhaMDana-TIkA va Atmatattvaviveka-dIdhitiTIkA Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| rAmakRSNa bhaTTa - (1) I. 16 vIM zatI ke eka miimaaNsk| ApakAzI-nivAsI pArAzara gotrI brAhmaNa the| Apane aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI jinameM pArthasArathI mizra kI zAstradIpikA para "yuktisnehaprapUraNI" nAmaka vyAkhyA tathA "pratApamArtaNDa' nAmaka graMtha mahattvapUrNa haiN| isa graMtha ke kAraNa inheM "paMDitaziromaNi' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| (2) I. 16 vIM shtii| kAzI ke bhaTTa-parivAra ke eka dhrmshaastrii| pitA-nArAyaNa bhaTTa Apane jIvAtpitRkarmanirNaya, jyotiSTomapaddhati, vibhAgatattva, mAsika-zrAddhanirNaya, taMtravArtikaTIkA Adi graMtha likhe haiN| 52 varSa kI Ayu meM mRtyu| patnI umA satI ho gaI / nirNaya-sindhukAra kamalAkara bhaTTa inake putra the| rAmakRSNa bhaTTa- puSTimArga (vallabha-saMpradAya) kI mAnyatA ke anusAra bhAgavata kI mahApurANatA siddha karane hetu likhe gae "zrImadbhAgavata-vijayavAda" nAmaka laghukAya-graMtha ke lekhaka / ApakA yaha graMtha, isI prakAra ke pUrvarI pAMca graMthoM kI apekSA evaM yukti ke upanyAsa meM zreSTha tathA prameya-bahula hai| isase Apake dvArA kiye gaye purANoM ke gaMbhIra maMthana tathA anuzIlana kA paricaya milatA hai| graMtha kI puSpikA se vidita hotA hai ki Apa vallabhAcArya ke vaMzaja the| rAmakRSNa bhaTTAcArya - I. 16 vIM shtii| baMgAlI brAhmaNa / kRti- nAmaliMgAkhyA kaumudii|| rAmakRSNa bhaTTAcArya cakravartI - I. 17 vIM shtii| pitAraghunAtha ziromaNi / racanAeM- guNaziromaNiprakAza aura nyaaydiipikaa| rAmagopAla- nadiyA nareza kRSNacandra (I. 18 vIM zatI) kA samAzraya praapt| racanAeM- kAkadUta aura kiirduut| rAmacandra - sambhavataH I. 18 vIM shtii| baMgAla-nareza candra ke smaashrit| pitaa-shriihrss| "devAnanda" (nATaka) ke prnnetaa| rAmacaMdra (prabaMdha zatakartA) - hemacaMdrAcArya ke ziSya / AzrayadAtA- gujarAta ke tIna adhipati-siddharAja, kumArapAla evaM ajypaal| kaI nATakoM ke racayitA tathA prasiddha nATyazAstrIya graMtha "nATya-darpaNa" ke praNetA, jise inhoMne guNacaMdra kI sahAyatA se likhA hai| gujarAta ke nivaasii| samaya- I. 12 vIM shtii| inake sabhI graMtha prApta nahIM hote, para choTe choTe prabaMdhoM ko milAkara lagabhaga 30 graMtha upalabdha ho cuke hai| inake nATakoM kI saMkhyA 11 hai jinake uddharaNa nATyadarpaNa meM milate haiN| "nala-vilAsa" va "satya-harizcaMdra" prakAzita ho cuke haiN| yAdavAbhyudaya, rAghavAbhyudaya tathA raghuvilAsa nAmaka 3 graMtha aprakAzita haiN| inake uddharaNa "nATyadarpaNa" meM prApta hote hai| inhoMne 3 prakaraNoM kI bhI racanA kI hai jinameM se "kaumudI-mitrAnaMda" kA prakAzana ho cukA hai| "rohiNI-mRgAMka-prakaraNa" va 426 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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"mallikA-makaraMda" ye donoM "nATya-darpaNa" meM hI uddhRta haiN| inhoMne "vanamAlA" nAmaka eka nATikA kI bhI racanA kI thI jo aprakAzita hai| "nATya-darpaNa" meM isake uddharaNa haiN| inhoMne "nirbhaya-bhIma" nAmaka vyAyoga kI racanA kI hai jo prakAzita ho cukA hai| nATyadarpaNa meM 35 aise nATakoM ke uddharaNa haiM jo anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai| ina saba graMthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAmacaMdra pratibhAzAlI vyakti the jinhoMne vyApaka racanA-kauzalya evaM nATyacAturI kA paricaya diyA hai| "raghuvilAsa" kI prastAvanA meM inakI prazasti kI gaI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki ajaya pAla ke Adeza se inheM mRtyudaNDa milaa| rAmacaMdra - pitA jnaardn| racanA- "raadhaa-vinod"| isa para trilokInAtha tathA bhaTTa nArAyaNa kI TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| rAmacaMdra- I. 17 vIM shtii| jaina sAmpradAyika kvi| racanA-pradyumnacarita (mahAkAvya, 18 srg)| isameM zrIkRSNaputra pradyumna kI kathA, jaina paramparA ke anusAra varNita hai| rAmacaMdra AcArya - samaya- I. 14 vIM shtii| kaashii-nivaasii| zeSavaMzIya / pitaa-kRssnn| ye RgvedI kauDiNyagotrI telaMgI brAhmaNa the| Apane pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI para "prakriyAkaumudI" nAmaka graMtha likhaa| isake atirikta "kAlanirNaya-dIpikA" (jyotiSa viSayaka) "vaiSNavasiddhAntasaddIpikA" (vaiSNavavedAnta) tathA "kRSNakiMkara-prakriyA" Adi inake pramukha graMtha haiN| rAmacaMdra kavibhAratI - samaya- I. 13 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke bArendra-prAMta ke nivAsI braahmnn| zrIlaMkA meM aamNtrit| vahAM ke adhipati parAkramabAhu ke Azraya meM bauddha mata kA svIkAra kiyaa| pradhAna rcnaa-bhktishtk| anya kRtiyAM- vRttamAlA aura vRttrtnaakr-pNjikaa| rAmacaMdra korADa - janma- 1816, mRtyu- 1900 / nivAsaAndhra pradeza meN| pitA-lakSmaNazAstrI, mAtA-subbAmbA / guru-kRssnnmuurti-shaastrii| machalIpaTTana ke nobala kAleja meM sevArata / kRtiyAM- zRMgAra-vijaya (Dima) devIvijaya tathA kumArodayacampU, upamAvalI, mRtyuMjaya-vijaya (kAvya), zRMgAramaMjarI, maMjarI-saurabha, kRSNodaya (kAvya), zrIsudhA, amRtanandIya, rAmacandrIya, bAlacandrodaya, kandarpa-darpa, vairAgya-vardhinI, pumartha-zevadhi (kAvya) aura svodayakAvya (Atmacaritra vissyk)| rAmacaMdra dIkSita - kAndhramANikya grAma ke nivaasii| pitAyajJarAma dIkSita (mahAn vaiyaakrnn)| racanA- keralAbharaNa-campU (haasyrsprdhaan)| rAmacandra nyAyavAgIza - I. 18 vIM shtii| pitaa-vidyaanidhi| baMgAlI / racanA-"kAvyacandrikA" (aparanAma alNkaarcndrikaa)| rAmacandra mumukSa - kezavanandi ke shissy| jainapaMthI vAdIbhasiMha mahAmuni padmanandI se vyAkaraNa-zAstra kA adhyayana kiyaa| puNyAzravakathA kosh| isa graMtha meM 4500 zloka haiM aura unameM 53 kathAeM vaidarbhI zailI meM likhI haiN| rAmacandra rAva (esa. ke.)- I. 20 vIM shtii| bNglor-nivaasii| oNla iMDiyA insTiTyUTa oNna meMTala heltha, baMgalora meM riiddr| "paurava-digvijaya" nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa|| rAmacaMdra vibudha - I. 15 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke vIravATikA grAma ke nivaasii| tatpazcAt saMbhavataH laMkAdvIpa meM nivAsa thaa| kRti- kedArabhaTTa ke vRttaratnAkara para pNjikaa| rAmacandra vellAla - maisUra-nareza kRSNarAja dvitIya (1734-1766 I.) ke senApati-maMtrI devarAja dvArA sammAnita / racanA-kRSNavijaya (vyAyoga) tathA sarasakavikulAnanda (bhaann)|| rAmacandra zAstrI - janma- san 1901 meM hanumAnagar3ha meN| vidyAlaMkAra kI upAdhi praapt| kRtiyAM- (1) kavivilasitam aura (2) kvitaapNcaamRtm| rAmacandra zekhara - taMjaura ke zAsaka mahArAja pratApasiMha (1741-1764 I.) ke smaashrit| pratApa ke pazcAt tulaja dvitIya (1764-1787 I.) ke kAryakAla meM "kalAnandaka" nAmaka sAta aMkI nATaka kI nirmiti| "pauNDarIkayAjI" kI upAdhi se vibhuussit| rAmacaMdra sarasvatI- pradIpa para vivaraNa nAmaka laghu vyAkhyA ke lekhk| madrAsa aura maisUra meM hastalekha uplbdh| bhaTTojI dIkSita ke zabdakaustubha meM inakA ullekha hai| samaya- vi. 1525-15751 rAmacandrAcArya (pI. vhI.) - madrAsa rAjya meM shikssaadhikaarii| racanA- samara-zAnti-mahotsavaH / rAmacaMdrAzrama - vallabha-saMpradAya kI mAnyatA ke anusAra bhAgavata kI mahApurANatA ke pakSa meM "durjana-mukha-capeTikA" nAmaka laghu-kalevara graMtha ke lekhk| inake pUrvavartI gaMgAdhara bhaTTa dvArA isI nAma kI "capeTikA" kI apekSA rAmacaMdrAzrama kI prastuta kRti parimANa meM kama hai| rAmacaraNa tarkavAgIza - I. 17 vIM zatI kA antima crnn| brdvaan-nivaasii| cttttopaadhyaay| racanAeM- sAhitya-darpaNa kI TIkA, "rAmavilAsa" (kAvya), "kalApa-dIpikA" (amarakoza para ttiikaa)| rAmajI upAdhyAya (DA.) - sAgara vizvavidyAlaya meM saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa / Adhunika saMskRta sAhitya viSayaka zodhakArya ko protsAhana ApakA vizeSa kArya hai| bhAratIya nATyazAstra ke vishessjny| racanAeM- bhAratasya sAMskRtiko nidhiH| dvA suparNA ityaadi| sevAnivRtti ke bAda vArANasI meM nivAsa / rAmadAsaziSya-prayAgadatta-putra - prastuta kavi kA nAmanirdeza unake "rAjavinoda kAvyam" meM nahIM hai| unhoMne apanA paricaya, pitA tathA guru ke nAma se diyA hai| apane rAjavinoda (saptasargAtmaka) kAvya meM inhoMne kisI sulatAna mahaMmada nAmaka yavana rAjA kA caritra varNana kiyA hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 427 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra rAmadeva yA vAmadeva (zatAvadhAnI) - I. 18 vIM zatI / pitA rAghavendra bhaTTAcArya kavi-ciraMjIva nAma se prasiddha DhAkA ke nAyaba dIvAla yazavantasiMha ke Azrita / racanAeMvidvanmodataraMgiNI, vRttaratnAvalI ( (AzrayadAtA kI stuti), zRMgArataTinI, kalpalatA, zivastotra, mAdhavacampU aura kAvyavilAsa (sAhityazAstraviSayaka graMtha ) / rAmadeva mizra - vRttipradIpa nAmaka kAzikA vyAkhyA ke lekhaka / rAma daivajJa samaya I. 16 vIM zatI / prasiddha jyotiSa zAstrI anaMta daivajJa ke putra tathA jyotiSa ke AcArya nIlakaMTha ke baMdhu / san 1600 meM kAzI meM inhoMne "muhUrtaciMtAmaNi" nAmaka phalita jyotiSa kA atyaMta mahattvapUrNa graMtha likhA hai jo vidvAnoM ke bIca atyadhika lokapriya hai| kahA jAtA hai ki bAdazAha akabara ke anurodha para inhoMne "rAma - vinoda" nAmaka jyotiSazAstrIya graMtha kI racanA kI thI aura ToDaramala ke liye "ToDarAnaMda" kA praNayana kiyA thA jo saMprati upalabdha nahIM hai| rAmanAtha cakravartI I. 16 vIM zatI / bNgaalnivaasii| vedagarbha tarkAcArya ke putra / vAyIkulotpanna / kRtiyAM- amaraTIkA, manoramA ke dhAtugaNa kI vyAkhyA aura paribhASA- siddhAntararatnAkara / rAmanAtha vidyAvAcaspati I. 17 vIM zatI / nArAyaNa nRpati se sammAnita kRtiyAM kAvyaratnAvalI, kAvyaprakAza kI "rahasyaprakAza" nAmaka TIkA, kAraka rahasya, trikANDa - viveka ( amarakoza para TIkA) aura trikANDarahasya | rAmanAtha zAstrI (esa.ke.) - I. 20 vIM zatI / "maNimaMjUSA " nAmaka nATaka ke racayitA / - www.kobatirth.org rAsa paMcAdhyAyI ke sarasa TIkAkAra / rAmanArAyaNa mizra TIkA- graMtha kA nAma "bhAva-bhAva-vibhAvikA" / TIkA ke upodghAta meM Apane apanA paricaya diyA hai| tadanusAra guru kA nAma rAmasiMha hai / prAcIna AcAryoM evaM TIkAkAroM meM Apane apanI TIkA meM zaMkarAcArya, zrIdhara, kRSNacaitanya, jIva, rUpa, sanAtana prabhRti kA sAdara ullekha kiyA hai / vilakSaNa bAta yaha hai ki inhoMne sikkha guru nAnaka kI vaMdanA kI hai| AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ke matAnusAra nAnaka kI yaha vaMdanA dyotita karatI hai ki ye nAnaka paMthI vidvAna the athavA nAnaka ke prati bhakti bhAva rakhate the| ye caitanyamatAnuyAyI vaiSNava the| inake guru rAmasiMha ke pUrvaja evaM saMbaMdhI uttara pradeza (sahAranupara jilA) ke prasiddha grAma devanaMda ke nivAsI the| ye svayaM bhI isI kSetra ke nivAsI pratIta hote hai| rAmapANivAda janma san 1707 meM, maMgalagrAma meM ampallapula ke rAjA devanArAyaNa dvArA putravat saMvardhita / san 1750 meM ampallapula ke trAvaNakora meM milane se trAvaNakora ke rAjA mArtaNDavarmA ke Azraya meM / racanAeM - madanaketu-carita (prahasana ), candrikA aura lIlAvatI - 428 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa (vIthI), sItArAghava (nATaka) lalitarAghavIya, pAdukApaTTAbhiSekam aura viSNuvilAsa (mahAkAvya) bhAgavatacampU, mukundazataka, (isa nAma kI do racanAeM) ambaranadIzastotra, sUryASTaka aura zivazataka (stotra), vRttavArtika (zAstrIya graMtha), aura prAkRtaprakAza kI vyAkhyA bAlapAThyA / prAkRta kRtiyAM - kaMsavadha aura uSA-anirUddha-kAvya / inake atirikta bhI aneka graMthoM para TIkAeM tathA zAstrIya grantha rAmapANivAda ke nAma para haiN| rAmabhaTa I. 16 vIM zatI ke kAzI-nivAsI, eka jyotirvid va graMthakAra / gArgyagotrI brAhmaNakula meM janme rAmabhaTa kA parivAra, mUlatayA vidarbha ke dharmapurI grAma kA thA / Apane "rAmavinoda" nAmaka karaNagraMtha kI racanA kI jisameM sUryasiddhAntAnusAra vardhamAna, kSepaka va grahoM kI gati kA vivecana hai| grahagati ko bIja - saMskAra dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta "muhUrtaciMtAmaNi" nAmaka eka anya graMtha kI racanA bhI kI hai| isa graMtha para svayaM graMthakAra ne hI "pramitAkSarA" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| rAmabhadra I. 17 vIM zatI / racanA - nyAyarahasyam (nyAyasUtra kI TIkA) / - rAmabhadra dIkSita I. 17 vIM zatI janma-kumbhakoNaM samIpastha kaNDaramANikya grAma meM, caturveda-canvendra vaMza meM pitA yajJarAma dIkSita (vaiyaakrnn)| guru-nIlakaNTha (sAhitya), cokanAtha (vyAkaraNa) aura bAlakRSNa bhagavatpAda (darzana) / rAmacandra ( hAsya rasa ke kavi ) tathA adbhuta-darpaNa ke kartA mahAdeva ke sahapAThI the taMjaura ke rAjA zAhajI ne jo zAhajipura agrahAra banAyA, usameM pratiSThita / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kRtiyAM kula 12- SaDdarzana - siddhAnta-saMgraha, paribhASAvRtti vyAkhyAna, uNAdi-maNidIpikA, zabda-bheda-nirUpaNa, aSTaprAsa, cApastava, pataMjalicarita, paryAyokti - nisyanda, prasAdastava, bANastava, vizvagarbhastava, zRMgAratilaka (bhANa) aura jAnakIpariNaya (nATaka) / rAmabhadra sArvabhauma I. 17 vIM zatI / racanAeM dIdhitiTIkA, nyAyarahasyam, guNarahasyam, nyAyamAMjalikArikA vyAkhyA, padArthaviveka-prakAzaH aura SaTcakrakarmadIpikA / rAmabhadra siddhAntavAgIzaI. 17 vIM zatI racanA subodhinI zabdazaktiprakAza TIkA) / For Private and Personal Use Only rAmabhadrAmbA taMjAvara ke raghunAtha nAyaka kI dharmapatnI / zreSTha saMskRta kvyitrii| apanA pati rAma kA avatAra hai isa zraddhA se kavayitrI ne " raghunAthAbhyudayam" kAvya kI racanA kI hai| rAmamANikya "kRtArthamAdhava" (nATaka) ke prnnetaa| rAmarAma zarmA - I. 17 vIM zatI "manodUta" kAra viSNudAsa ke vaMzaja / " manodUta" nAmaka anya dUtakAvya ke kartA / rAmarudra tarkavAgIza- I. 17-18 vIM zatI racanAeM tattva cintAmaNi- dIdhitiTIkA, vyAptivAdavyAkhyA, dinakarIyaprakAza - -

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taraMgiNI, tattvasaMgrahadIpikA-TippaNI, siddhAntamuktAvalI-TIkA aura , adhika sarga the kintu vartamAna meM upalabdha usake hastalikhita, kaarknirnny-ttiikaa| +8 veM sarga ke madhya meM hI samApta ho gaye haiN| "kIrtivilAsa" rAmavarma mahArAja . trAvaNakora nareza (I. 1860-1880) / nAmaka inake dUsare kAvya kA kevala eka ullAsa hI prApya saMgIta ke jaankaar| racanAeM- vRttaratnAkara (chandaHzAstra), hai| isameM darabAra ke paMDitoM va kaviyoM kI sabhAoM kA vivaraNa zrIkRSNavilAsa kAvya TIkA aura jalaMdharAsuravadha (kathAkalI hai| inake atirikta inhoMne gAMdhAracarita, pArvatIpariNaya, nRtya naatty)| aMbarISacarita, tulAbhAraprabaMdha, anyApadezadvAsaptatI, gauNasamAgama, rAmavarmA (rAmavarma vaMcI) - janma-1757 ii.| pUrNa nAma vRttaratnAvalI, rAmodaya, kSetratattvadIpikA Adi graMtha bhI likhe haiN| azvati tirUnAla raamvrmaa| pitA- ravivarmA koyila tAmpurAn / rAmasvAmI zAstrI ke. esa. - samaya- I. 20 vIM shtii| killimAnUra ke nivaasii| prAthamika zikSA kArtika tirunAla kumbhakoNam nivaasii| jagadambA ke upaask| DisTrikTa jjj| mahArAja ke adhiin| dUsare adhyApaka AcArya zaMkara nArAyaNa pitaa-sundrraamaary| maataa-cmpklkssmii| sarakArI naukarI meM raha tathA raghunAtha tIrtha / san 1785 meM yuvarAjapada / san 1795 meM mRtyu| kara bhI smaajsevii| san 1928 meM "rativijaya" nAmaka nATaka kRtiyAM- (saMskRta) rukmiNIpariNaya tathA zRMgArasudhAkara kI racanA kii| (bhANa) kArtavIryavijaya (campU), vaMcimahArAjastava, santAnagopAla rAmasvAmI zAstrI vhI. esa. - madurA ke eka vakIla / prabaMdha aura dazAvatAra dnnddk|| racanA- tribilvadalacampUH (vibhinna tIrthakSetroM tathA vizvavidyAlayoM malayAlama racanAeM - rukmiNI-svayaMvara, pUtanA-mokSa, kA pravAsa vrnnn)| mudrita / ambarISa-carita, pauMDraka-vadha, narakAsura-vadha (ye kathAkalI koTi rAmAnaMda - samaya- 1410-1510 ii.| rAmAvata sampradAya kI kRtiyAM) tathA pdmnaabhkiirtn| sarvazreSTha racanA - ke pravartaka AcArya / janma-prayAga meM eka kAnyakubja brAhmaNa-parivAra "rukminniiprinny"| meM huaa| pitA-puNyasadana, maataa-sushiilaa| bAlyakAla se hI rAmavarmA - krAMganora ke yuvraaj| I. 18-19 vIM shtii| vItarAgI hone ke kAraNa gRhatyAga aura kaashii-pryaann| kAzI rAmacaritam (12 sarga) mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| meM rAghavAnanda kA shissytv| isa sandarbha meM eka kathA yaha rAmavarmA - krAMganora-rAjavaMza ke yuvarAja / kavi sArvabhauma tathA batAyI jAtI hai ki jaba rAmabhAratI (pUrvanAma) kAzI pahuMce kocinnu tAmpUrAn nAma se prsiddh| samaya- 1858 se 1926 to vahAM ve eka advaitI saMnyAsI ke ziSya bne| yogAyoga se ii.| racanAeM- anaMgavijayabhANaH, viTarAjabhANaH, tripuradahanam eka dina unakI bheTa rAghavAnaMda se huii| unhoMne rAmAnaMda ke (kAvya), vallyu dbhavam (kAvya), viprasandezam (kAvya), guNoM kI prazaMsA kI kintu kahA ki "tU alpAyuSI hai"| devadevezvarazatakam (stotrakAvya), uttararAmacampUH, bANAyudhacampUH, yaha bAta rAmAnaMda ne apane guru ko batAyI, to unhoMne rAmAnaMda devIsaptazatIsAra, kirAtArjunIya-vyAyoga aura jraasNdh-vyaayog| kI apamRtyu TAlane ke liye unheM rAghavAnaMda ke supUrda kara rAmazAstrI vedamUrti - I. 19 vIM zatI / racanA- gAyakavADabandham / diyaa| rAghavAnanda ne unheM yogacaryA aura samAdhi kI zikSA dii| yahIM ve rAmabhAratI se rAmAnaMda bne| apamRtyu kA samaya viSaya- baDodA ke gAyakavADa-vaMzIya rAjAoM kA caritra / nikaTa Ane para rAghavAnanda ne unheM samAdhi lagAkara baiThane kA rAmasevaka - mahAbhASyapradIpa-vyAkhyA ke lekhaka / pitA- devIdatta / nirdeza diyaa| samAdhi kI avasthA meM unheM mRtyu sparza nahIM putr-kRssnnmitr| samaya- saMbhavataH saM. 1650-1700 ke madhya / kara paayii| samAdhi utarate hI rAghavAnaMda ne kahA "aba tumhArI rAmasena - kASThAsaMgha nadItaTagaccha aura vidyAgaNa ke AcArya / mRtyu Tala gayI hai"| rAghavAnanda ke sampradAya meM jAti-pAMti va narasiMhapurA jAti ke sNsthaapk| vidyAguru-vIracaMdra, zubhadeva, khAna-pAna ke kaThora niyama the| tIrthayAtrA ke daurAna rAmAnaMda mahendradeva aura vijydev| dIkSAguru-nAgasena jo senagaNa aura una niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM kara pAye to rAghavAnaMda ne unheM pogarigaccha ke AcArya the| samaya- I. 11 vIM zatI kA madhya prAyazcitta karane ke liye khaa| kintu rAmAnaMda ne yaha kaha kara bhaag| racanA- tattvAnuzAsana (59 padya) yaha adhyAtma viSayaka ki "jAtipAti pUche nahIM koI, hari ko bhaje so hari ko graMtha svAnubhUti se anuprANita aura dhyAnayoga se saMbaddha hai| hoI", prAyazcitta karane se iMkAra kara diyaa| isa para rAghavAnanda rAmasvAmI zAstrI - samaya- 1823-1887 ii.| kerala ke eka ne unheM apane saMpradAya se nikAla diyaa| aba rAmAnaMda ne naye kvi| pitA-zaMkaranArAyaNa shaastrii| san 1849 meM trivAMkura rAjA sampradAya kI sthApanA kI jisameM jATa, kSatriya, bunakara, camAra, ke darabAra meM jAkara zeSa jIvana unhIM ke Azrama meM bitaayaa| nApita (nAI) brAhmaNa sabhI ko zAmila kara, unheM apanA inhoMne bhaTTikAvya ke samAna "surUparAghava" nAmaka eka mahAkAvya ziSya bnaayaa| rAmAnaMda svayaM ko rAma kA avatAra mAnate the| rcaa| isameM rAmakathA ke sAtha hI vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM aura kucha loga unheM kapiladeva kA tathA kucha sUryanArAyaNa kA alaMkAroM kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai| isa mahAkAvya ke 15 se avatAra mAnate haiN| jAta-pAta ke baMdhanoM ko toDa kara sampUrNa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 429 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hindU samAja meM ekatA kI bhAvanA jagAne aura vidharmiyoM ke AkramaNa kA saphala pratikAra karane kI preraNA dene meM rAmAnaMda ke mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kA itihAsa sAkSI hai| rAmAnaMda ne saMskRta va hindI meM jina graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, unake nAma haiM- 1) vaiSNavamatAbja-bhAskara 2) rAmArcanapaddhati. 3) gItAbhASya, 4) upaniSadbhASya, 5) AnaMdabhASya, 6) siddhAntapaTala, 7) rAmarakSAstotra, 8) yogaciMtAmaNi, 9) zrIrAmArAdhanam, 10) vedAnta-vicAra, 11) rAmAnaMdAdeza, 12) adhyAtmarAmAyaNa aadi| kAzI ke paMcagaMgA ghATa para rAmAnaMda kA maTha vidyamAna hai| rAmAnanda tripAThI - samaya- I. 17 vIM shtii| sarayUpArINa braahmnn| pitA- madhukara tripAThI zaiva vidvAn evaM kAzInivAsI the| kRtiyAM- rasika-jIvana, padyapIyUSa, kAzIkutUhala, rAmacarita, bhAvArtha-dIpikA (TIkA), hAsyasAgara (prahasana) virAvivaraNa) sana 1655 I. meM dArA zikoha kI prArthanAnusAra rcit)| dArA (bAdazAha zAhajahAM kA putra) se "vividha vidyAcamatkAra-pAraMgata" kI upAdhi prApta / inhoMne "siddhAMta kaumudI" kI "tattvadIpikA" nAmaka vyAkhyA tathA liMgAnuzAsana para TIkA likhii| rAmAnanda rAya - I. 16 vIM shtii| utkala ke mahArAja gajapati pratAparudra kA aashry| pitA-bhavAnanda rAya (raajmNtrii)| racanA- jagannAtha-vallabha nAmaka pAMca aMkoM kA saMgIta naattk| rAmAnuja - kurukaapurnivaasii| pitA- govind| racanAkurukeza-gAthAnukaraNam jo mUla nAlAyiram nAmaka prakhyAta tAmila kAvya kA anuvAda hai| rAmAnuja kavi - I. 17 vIM shtii| trivellora (tAmiLanADu) ke nivaasii| racanAeM- vasumatI-kalyANa, vIrarAghava-kaGkaNavallI-vivAha, vArdhikanyApariNaya aura vedpaadraamaaynn| rAmAnujadAsa- "nAthamuni-vijaya-campU" nAmaka kAvya ke prnnetaa|| maitreya gotrodbhava kRSNAcArya ke putr| samaya- anumAnataH I. 16 vIM zatAbdI kA aMtima crnn| caMpU-kAvya ke atirikta inakI anya kRtiyAM haiM- veMgalArya-paraMparA, upaniSadarthavicAra aura tthy-niruupnn| ye graMtha abhI taka aprakAzita haiN| inakA ullekha Diskrieiva kaiTalAga madrAsa 12306 meM prApta hotA hai| . rAmAnujAcArya - samaya- 1017-1137 ii.| zrI-vaiSNava mata ke AcArya shiromnni| yAmunAcArya (AlavaMdAra) ke nikaTastha snehii| unake pautra zrI zailapUrNa ke bhaaginey| janma- 1017 I. meM terUkudUra nAmaka madrAsa ke samIpastha grAma meN| pitA-kezavabhaTTa jo inheM bacapana meM hI choDa kara cala bse| taba inhoMne kAMcI jAkara yAdavaprakAza nAmaka eka advaitI vidvAn ke pAsa veda evaM vedAnta kA adhyayana AraMbha kiyaa| kintu yaha adhyayana adhika dinoM taka na cala skaa| upaniSad ke artha ke viSaya meM guru-ziSya ke bIca vivAda khaDA ho gyaa| ataH apane guru yAdavaprakAza ko choDa rAmAnuja svataMtra rUpa se vaiSNava-zAstra kA anuzIlana karane lge| yAmunAcArya (AlavaMdAra) ne apanI mRtyu ke samaya apane eka ziSya dvArA rAmAnuja ko bulavA bhejA kintu unake zrIraMgam pahuMcane se pahale hI AlavaMdAra kA vaikuMThavAsa ho cukA thaa| rAmAnuja ne dekha, ki vaikuMThavAsI hue AcArya ke hAtha kI tIna uMgaliyA muDI huI haiN| isakA rAmAnuja ne yaha artha lagAyA ki AlavaMdAra unake dvArA brahma-sUtra aura viSNu-sahasranAma para bhASya tathA AlavAroM ke 'divyaprabaMdham' para TIkA likhavAnA cAhate the| etadartha rAmAnuja ne brahma-sUtra para svayaM 'zrIbhASya' nAmaka vikhyAta bhASya kI racanA kI aura apane paTTaziSya kUreza (kurattAlavAra ke jyeSTha putra parAzara) ke dvArA viSNusahasranAma kI TIkA 'bhagavatad-guNa-darpaNa' tathA apane mAtula-putra kurUkeza ke dvArA nammAlavAra ke 'tirUvAya mauli' para tAmila bhASya kI racanA kraaii| isa prakAra rAmAnuja ne divaMgata AcArya AlavaMdAra ke tInoM manorathoM kI pUrti kara vaiSNava-samAja kI baDA hita kiyaa| rAmAnuja ke jIvana kI tIna ghaTanAeM pramukha haiN| pahalI hai mahAtmA nAmbi se aSTAkSara-maMtra (om namo nArAyaNAya) kI dIkSA lenaa| yaha maMtra jagaduddhAraka hone ke kAraNa mahAtmA nAmbI ne inase Agraha kiyA thA ki isa yaMtra ko ve atyaMta gopanIya rakheM kiMtu saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke viSama duHkha se uddhAra-nimitta inhoMne makAna kI chatoM se tathA vRkSoM ke zikharoM se isa maMtra kA sabhI-kisI ko upadeza dekara usakA vipula pracAra kiyaa| dUsarI ghaTanA hai zrIraMgam ke adhikArI colanareza kA kaTTara zaiva rAjA kulottuMga ke bhaya se zrIraMgam kA parityAga krnaa| yaha ghaTanA 1096 I. ke AsapAsa kI hai jaba rAmAnuja kI Ayu 80 varSa kI thii| rAjA ne rAmAnuja ko apane darabAra meM bulAyA thA kiMtu inake paTTa ziSya kUreza ne inheM vahAM jAne nahIM diyaa| guru ke badale kUreza svayaM rAjadarabAra meM jA upasthita hue aura vahAM para vaiSNava-dharma kA upadeza diyaa| phalataH rAjA ke kopa kA bhAjana bana apanI AkhoM se inheM hAtha dhonA pdd'aa| tIsarI pramukha ghaTanA hai, maisUra ke zAsaka biTTideva ko vaiSNava dharma meM dIkSita karanA tathA unakA nAma viSNuvardhana rkhnaa| isa ghaTanA kA samaya 1098 I. hai| phira 1100 I. ke AsapAsa rAmAnuja ne melakoTe meM bhagavAn zrInArAyaNa ke maMdira kA nirmANa karAyA aura lagabhaga 16 varSoM taka ve isI pradeza meM rhe| kaTTara (dharmAMdha) zaiva rAjA kulottuMga kI mRtyu ke pazcAt rAmAnuja 1118 I. meM zrIraMgam lauTa Ae aura aneka maMdiroM kA nirmANa karavA kara 1137 I. taka AcArya-pITha para AsIna rhe| inhoMne dakSiNa ke viSNu-maMdiroM meM vaikhAnasaAgama dvArA hone vAlI upAsanA kA uccATana karate hue usake sthAna para pAMcarAtra Agama ko pratiSThita kiyaa| 430 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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apane 120 varSa ke dIrgha jIvana meM rAmAnuja ne zrIbhASya ke atirikta vedAntasaMgraha, vedAnAdIpa, vedAntatattvasAra, gItAbhASya, aSTAdazarahasya, kUTasaMdoha, guNaralakoSa, nyAyaratnamAlA, nArAyaNamantrArtha nitvArAdhanavidhi, paMcarAtrarakSa, muNDakopaniSad vyAkhyA, viSNuvigrahazaMsana-stotra Adi graMthoM kI racanA kii| rAmAnuja ne apane viziSTAdvaita mata ko prAcInatama zrutyanukUla siddha karane kA vipula udyoga kiyaa| unake mahanIya prayatnoM se dakSiNa pradeza meM vaiSNava dharma kA bharapUra pracAra-prasAra huaa| rAmAnujAcArya ke zrI vaiSNava mata meM dAsya-bhAva kI bhakti svIkAra kI gaI hai| inhoMne bhagavAna nArAyaNa kI upAsanA kI paddhati claaii| inake saMpradAya kA janma, zAMkara advaita pratikriyA ke rUpa meM huA thA / isIliye dArzanika jagat meM yaha saMpradAya vizeSa mahattva kA adhikArI hai| eka draviDa paMDita kiMtu vRMdAvana rAmAnujAcArya yogI ke raMganAthajI ke vizAla maMdira evaM saMsthAna se AkRSTa hokara, vRMdAvana hI meM rahane lge| isa saMsthAna se ve saMbaddha bhI the| inhoMne veda - smRti ( bhAga 10-87) para apanI 'saralA' nAmaka TIkA likhii| yaha vistRta TIkA, rAmAnuja ke mAnya siddhAntoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara viracita hai| isameM unhoMne apane draviDa va vRMdAvanavAsI hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| ukta kRtiyoM ke atirikta saMskRta, hindI va aMgrejI meM aneka zodha nibaMdha likhe aura mitragoSThI patrikA kA saMpAdana kiyA / rAmAzrama sArasvata vyAkaraNa kA rUpAntara 'siddhAnta candrikA' / nAmaka yaha TIkA svatantra vyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM prasRta huI / siddhAnta candrikA para tIna TIkAeM likhI gaI hai| - rAmezvara bhaTTa I. 16-17 vIM zatI / paiThaNa nivAsI goviMda bhaTTa ke putra ye aneka zAstroM tathA kalAoM meM pAraMgata the| prakhyAta mImAMsaka gAgAbhaTTa kAzIkara isI vaMza meM madrAsa ke chatra nAmaka grAma meM jnm| hue 1 rAmezvarabhaTTa ke saMbaMdha meM kahA jAtA hai ki ahamadanagara darabAra ke jAphara malika ke putra ko inhoMne mahAroga se mukti dilaaii| inhoMne 'rAmakutUhala' nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kI kintu yaha kAvya aba upalabdha nahIM hai| inakI mRtyu kAzI meM huii| inake sAtha inakI patnI satI ho gii| rAmezvara vArANasIstha mImAMsaka 18 vIM zatI / racanAvidhivivekaH / rAvaNa - I. 15 vIM zatI / Rgveda aura yajurveda ke bhASyakAra / bhASya-graMtha anupalabdha hai kintu kucha aMza idhara-udhara avataraNoM meM uplbdh| usase jJAta hotA hai ki rAvaNAcArya zAMkara matAnuyAyI vedAntI the| sAyaNa zabda kA hI apabhraMza rAvaNa hai aisA kucha vidvAnoM kA tarka hai kintu paramArthaprapA nAmaka sUryapaNDita racita gItA - bhASya ke AdhAra se (jahAM rAvaNa - bhASya kA nirdeza hai) dikhAyA gayA hai ki ye do bhinna vyakti haiN| | inakA samaya I. 19 vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM hue zrInivAsa sUri ke bAda kA hai ataH ye Adhunika TIkAkAra hai| rAmAnujAcArya vhI. vidvattA tathA pratibhA ke kAraNa 'sarvazAstrapAraMgata', 'saMskRta mahAkavIzvara', 'sarasakavirAja', 'kaviratna', 'sAhityabhAskara' Adi upAdhiyAM praapt| inhoMne rUpaka-lakSaNoM ke anusAra 10 prakAra kI racanA kii| racanAoM ke nAma :- kalikA-kolAhala (nATaka), AtmAvalIpariNaya (prakaraNa), zrInivAsavilAsa mahAdezikacarita (vyAyoga), lakSmI-kalyANa (bhANa), (samavakAra), dakSamakharakSaNa (Dima), nahuSAbhilASa ( ihAmRga), anyAyarAjyapradhvaMsana (aMka), munitrayavijaya (vIthi) aura vANIpANigrahaNa ( lAkSaNika nATaka) / isake vyatirikta rukmAGgada carita nATaka aura abhinava lakSmI sahasranAma stotra kI bhI racanA inhoMne kii| yaha aprakAzita sAhitya ayodhyA meM paM. kAlIprasAda tripAThI, (saMpAdaka - saMskRtam) ke yahAM surakSita thaa| rAmAmAtya timmAmAtya ke putra / vijayanagara ke aliya-rAmarAja ke Azrita ( rAmarAja tAlikoTa kI lar3AI meM mArA gayA (san 1565 ) / saMgItaratnAkara ke TIkAkAra catura- kallInAtha ke dauhitra / racanA - svaramela- kalAnidhi / rAmAvatAra zarmA ( ma.ma. ) samaya- 1877-1929 I. 1 pitA- devanArAyaNa / mAtA goviNddevii| mahAmahopAdhyAya kI padavI praapt| bihAra ke chaparA jile meM di. 6 mArca 1877 ko janma | sAhityacArya va ema.e. (saMskRta) kI parIkSAeM prathama zreNI meM uttiirnn| san 1906 meM paTanA- kAleja ke saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa | san 1919 se 1922 taka hiMdU vizvavidyAlaya meM prAcya vibhAga ke prAcArya inhoMne nATaka, gIta, kAvya, nibaMdha Adi ke sAtha-hI-sAtha darzana tathA saMskRta vizvakoSa kA bhI praNayana kiyA hai| inake 'paramArthadarzana' kI khyAti saptamadarzana ke rUpa meM huI hai| inhoMne kevala 15 varSa kI hI Ayu meM 'dhIranaiSadha' nAmaka nATaka kI racanA kI jisameM padya kA bAhulya hai| 'bhArata gItikA' (1904 I.) tathA 'mudgara dUta' (1914 I.) inake kAvyagraMtha hai 'mudgara dUta' (zloka saMkhyA 1482) meM meghadUta ke AdhAra para kisI vyabhicArI mUrkhadeva kA jIvana citrita kiyA gayA hai inakA 'vAGmayArNava nAmaka prasiddha padyabaddha saMskRta jJAnakoza jJAnamaMDala vArANasI se san 1967 meM prakAzita huA hai| anya racanA - bhAratetivRttam / viSayabhArata kA itihAsa / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir rAvaNAcArya ne Rgveda kA padapATha bhI bnaayaa| vaha zAkalya ke padapATha se bhinna hone ke kAraNa anya zAkhA se saMbaMdhita ho aisA vidvAnoM kA tarka hai| rAzivaDekara appAzAstrI samaya- 1873-1913 I. / janma mahArASTra meM kolhApura ke nikaTa rAzivaDe grAma meM dinAMka 2-11-1873 ko| pitA- sadAziva aura mAtA pArvatI / jayacandra saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 431 For Private and Personal Use Only -

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siddhAntabhUSaNa ke saMpAdakatva meM 'saMskRta candrikA' meM 'mAtRbhaktiH' viSaya para Ayojita kAvya-spardhA meM Apako prathama puraskAra milA thaa| kAlAntara se apanI pratibhA ke kAraNa Apa svayaM saMskRtacandrikA ke saMpAdaka bne| isameM prakAzita Apake prabandhoM ke kAraNa Apako 'vidyAvAcaspati' kI upAdhi prApta huii| gadya-kAvyoM meM ApakI 'indirA', 'devIkumudvatI', 'dazApariNati', 'mAtRbhakti' tathA 'lAvaNyamayI' Adi racanAeM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| Apane 'adharmavipAka' nAmaka sAmAjika nATaka ke atirikta 'sAmAnyadharmadIpa', 'mAtRgotravarNananirNaya', 'patitoddhAramImAMsAkhaNDana' jaise dhArmika graMthoM tathA 'samAjasaMskAra', dharmapIThAni dharmAcAryAzca' Adi graMthoM kI racanA kii| gadya aura padya donoM para inakA samAnAdhikAra thaa| usI prakAra unameM kArayitrI aura bhAvayitrI pratibhA kA adbhuta samanvaya thaa| saMskRta ke prati unakA janmajAta anurAga thaa| Apane 1889 I. taka harizAstrI pATagAMvakara se kAvyazAstra kI zikSA prApta kI, anaMtara kolhApura meM 1893 I. taka kAntAcArya se vyAkaraNa kii| hiMdI, baMgalA, malayAlama, telagu, tamila va aMgrejI kA bhI Apane jJAna prApta kiyaa| 1894 I. meM ApakI prathama saMskRta kavitA, 'saMskRta-candrikA' meM prakAzita huii| saMskRtacaMdrikA kA saMpAdana aura prakAzana kA kArya kalakattA se Apane kiyaa| bAda meM kolhApura meM nivAsa kara sunRtavAdinI kA saMpAdana kiyaa| mRtyu- 1913 meM huii| mahArASTa. maisara, kerala, madrAsa, baMgAla Adi meM bhramaNa kara saMskRta kA pracAra kiyaa| saMskRta patrakAritA ke itihAsa meM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| jAna paDatA hai| rudradhara upAdhyAya - I. 15 vIM zatI ke eka dhrmshaastrii| mithilA-nivAsI ma.ma. lakSmIdhara ke putra aura haladhara ke sabase choTe bhaaii| Apane zrAddhaviveka, puSpamAlA, varSakRtya, vratapaddhati, zuddhiviveka Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| zrAddhaviveka ke cAra pariccheda haiM jinameM zrAddha kI vyAkhyA, zrAddhaprakAra, kriyApaddhati, zrAddha ke sthala-kAla Adi kA vivecana hai| 'zuddhiviveka' ke tIna pariccheda haiM jinameM jananamaraNaazauca, antrazuddhi, jalazuddhi, rajasvalA kI zuddhi Adi kA vivecana hai| rudra nyAyapaMcAnana - navadvIpa- nivAsI kAzInAtha vidyAnivAsa ke putra / pitAmaha- ratnAkara vidyaavaacspti| samaya- I. 17 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha mAnA jAtA hai| inake dvArA praNIta graMthoM kI saMkhyA 39 hai :- adhikaraNa- caMdrikA, kAraka-pariccheda, kAraka-cakra, vidhirUpa-nirUpaNa, udAharaNa-lakSaNa-TIkA, upAdhipUrvapakSagraMtha-TIkA, kevalAnvayi-TIkA, pakSatApUrva graMtha-TIkA, nyAyasiddhAMta-muktAvalI-TIkA, vyAdhyanugama-TIkA, kArakAdyartha-nirNaya-TIkA, savyabhicArasiddhAMta-TIkA, bhAvaprakAzikA, anumiti-TIkA, kArakavAda, tattvaciMtAmaNi-dIdhiti- TIkA Adi / inake dvArA racita 4 kAvya-graMtha bhI haiM- bhAvavilAsakAvya, vRndAvanavinoda, bhramaradUta va pikduut| bhramaradUta meM rAma dvArA kisI bhramara se sItA ke pAsa saMdeza bhejane kA varNana hai| pikadata nAmaka saMdeza-kAvya meM rAdhA ne pika ke dvArA zrIkaSNa ke pAsa saMdeza bhejA hai| isa choTe-se kAvya meM kevala 31 zloka haiN| saMbhavataH ye baMgAla ke husena zAha ke Azrita rAjakavi bhI the| rudrabhaTTa - kAvya-zAstra ke AcArya / zrRMgAra-tilaka' nAmaka graMtha ke prnnetaa| DA. esa.ke.De ke anusAra samaya I. 10 vIM zatI / bahuta dinoM taka rudraTa va rudrabhaTTa ko eka hI vyakti mAnA jAtA rahA hai kintu aba nizcita ho gayA hai ki ye donoM bhinna vyakti the| bebara, bulhara, auphreTa va pizala ne phira bhI ina donoM ko abhinna mAnA hai| para rudraTakRta 'kAvyAlaMkAra' tathA rudrabhaTTakRta 'zrRMgAra-tilaka' ke adhyayana se donoM kA pArthakya spaSTa ho cukA hai| 'kAvyAlaMkAra' ke racayitA rudraTa eka mahanIya AcArya ke rUpa meM Ate hai| inhoMne apane graMtha meM kAvya ke sabhI aMgoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai| isake viparita . rudrabhaTTa kI dRSTi parimita hai aura ve kAvya ke eka hI aMga (rasa) kA varNana karate haiN| isa prakAra rudrabhaTTa kA kSetra saMkucita hai, aura ve mukhyataH kavi ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3ate haiN| rudrarAma - I. 18 vIM shtii| racanAeM- vAdapariccheda, vyAkhyAvyUha, cittarUpa, adhikaraNacandrikA aura vaizaiSikazAstrIyapadArtha - nirUpaNa aura tarkasaMgraha kI ttiikaa| rUpa gosvAmI - samaya- 1492 I. 1591 ii.| baMgAla kI rudrakavi - I. 16-17 vIM shtii| rAjA nArAyaNa zAha ke Azrita isa kavi ne, 'jahAMgIracaritam" kI racanA dazakumAracaritam kI paddhati ke anusAra kii| isameM jahAMgIra ke caritra kA varNana hai| anya racanA raassttrodvNsh| 20 sargoM ke isa mahAkAvya meM bAgulavaMzIya rAjAoM kA caritra-citraNa hai| rudraTa - 'kAvyAlaMkAra' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa graMtha ke prnnetaa| nAma ke AdhAra para inakA kAzmIrI honA nizcita hotA hai| 'kAvyAlaMkAra' ke prAraMbha va aMta meM gaNeza, gaurI, bhavAnI, murAri va gajAnana kI vaMdanA hone ke kAraNa ye zaiva mAne gae haiN| TIkAkAra namisAdhu ke anusAra inakA dUsarA nAma zatAnaMda thA aura ye vAmukabhaTTa ke putra the| inake pitA sAmavedI the| bharata ke bAda rudraTa rasasiddhAMta ke prabala samarthaka siddha hote haiM kintu inhoMne bhAmaha, daMDI, udbhaTa kI apekSA alaMkAroM kA adhika vyavasthita vivecana kiyA hai aura katipaya navIna alaMkAroM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ataH ye uparyukta AcAryoM se paravartI the| inake mata ko I. 10 vIM zatI ke AcAryo ne uddhRta kiyA hone se, ye unake pUrvavartI siddha hote haiN| isa prakAra inakA samaya I. 9 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha ucita 432 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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vaiSNava paraMparA ke bhakti va rasazAstra ke caitanya-matAnuyAyI aacaary| SaT gosvAmiyoM meM se ek| bhakti evaM vidvattA ke jAjvalya prtiik| bhAradvAja gotrii| dhanADhya brAhmaNakula meM jnm| pUrvaja karnATaka se baMgAla meM Akara basa gae the| pitA kA nAma shriikumaar| sanAtana gosvAmI ke anuja, caitanya mahAprabhu ke prathama kRpApAtra hone ke kAraNa vaiSNava samAja meM unake baDe bhAI samajhe jAte haiN| ye donoM bhAI caitanya-mata ke zAstrakartA mAne jAte haiN| baMgAla meM inakI janmabhUmi thI vphl| maataarevtii| Apa baMgAla ke navAba hasenazAha ke pradhAna maMtrI the| triveNI ke pavitra taTa para caitanya se inakI bheMTa hone para inhoMne apane UMce pada ko tyAga kara saMnyAsa le liyA aura apane gurudeva kI sUcanAnusAra vRMdAvana ko apanA nivAsa-sthala bnaayaa| zAha ne inakI buddhimattA se prabhAvita hokara inheM 'sAkara mallika' kI upAdhi se gauravAnvita kiyA thaa| inakI mahattA, inake 3 kAvyAzAstrIya graMthoM ke hI kAraNa adhika hai| __ AnuvaMzika paricaya - karnATaka ke bhAradvAja gotrIya aniruddha kI do patniyoM se rAjakumAra rUpezvara aura harihara kA janma huaa| harihara duSTa the| unhoMne rUpezvara ko rAjya se vaMcita kiyaa| rUpezvara kA putra padmanAbha gaMgAtaTa ke navahaTTa grAma meM supratiSThita huaa| usake pAMca putroM meM sabase choTA mukunda phattehAbAda meM bsaa| unake putra zrIkumAra ke amara, santoSa tathA vallabha nAmaka tIna putroM ko caitanya ne sanAtana, rUpa aura anupama nAma se dIkSita kiyaa| dIkSA ke pazcAt rUpa prAyaH gokula meM hI rhe| __ kahA jAtA hai ki zrIgoviMdadevajI ne inheM svapna meM batAyA ki maiM amuka sthAna para bhUmi meM gaDA paDA huuN| eka gAya pratidina mujhe dUdha pilA jAtI hai| tuma usI gAya ko lakSya kara mere sthAna para Ao, mujhe bAhara nikAlo aura merI pUjA kro| tadanusAra rUpajI ne bhagavAn kI mUrti bAhara nikaalii| kAlAMtara meM jayapura ke mahArAja mAnasiMha ne goviMdadevajI kA lAla pattharoM kA baDA hI vizAla maMdira banavAyA jo Aja bhI vRMdAvana kI zrI-vRddhi kara rahA hai| ___ rUpa gosvAmI ne 17 se adhika graMthoM kI racanA kI hai jinameM atyaMta mahattvapUrNa haiM- haMsadUta (kAvya), uddhava-saMdeza (kAvya), vidagdha-mAdhava (nATaka), premendusAgaraH, lalita-mAdhavaM (nATaka), dAnakeli-kaumudI, bhaktirasAmRta-siMdhu, ujjvala-nIlamaNi evaM naattk-cNdrikaa| inameM aMtima 3 graMtha kAvya-zAstrIya haiN| inake anya graMthoM ke nAma haiM- laghubhAgavatAmRta, padyAvalI, stavamAlA, utkalikA-maMjarI, AnaMda-mahodadhi, mathurA-mahimA, goviMda-birudAvali, mukunda-muktAvalI, aSTAdaza chaMda, gItAvalI aadi| solahavIM zatAbdI ke vRMdAvana meM, rUpa gosvAmI bhakta-maMDalI ke agraNI the| kahate hai ki saMta mIrAbAI ne inhIMse dIkSA lI thii| inake mRtyu-saMvat ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM kA ekamata nahIM kintu AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya tathA DA. DI.sI. sena dvArA prastuta pramANoM ke anusAra ye pUre 100 varSoM taka jIvita rahe aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| reNu - Rgveda ke 9 veM 10 veM maMDala ke do sUktoM ke draSTA / ye vizvAmitra ke putra the| indra va soma-stuti hI sUktoM kA viSaya hai| __apanI prathama RcA meM hI soma hetu 21 gAyoM ke dohana kA ullekha inhoMne kiyA hai| vizvAmitra dvArA nirmita pratisRSTi kA nirdeza bhI isameM cAra bhuvanoM ke ullekha se spaSTa hotA hai| rebha - eka sUkta dRssttaa| Apane indrastuti para sUkta kI racanA kI hai| unakI eka RcA kA Azaya hai : ai adbhuta zUra, vajradhArI aura bhaktarakSaka indra, apane satyasvarUpa ko prakaTa kara Apa hameM saMkaTa-mukta kreN| ApakI spRhaNIya sampatti Apa hameM kaba deMge? rebha ke bAre meM eka kathA Rgveda meM yaha batAyI jAtI hai ki eka bAra asuroM ne inake hAtha-paira bAMdha kara inheM kueM meM dhakela diyaa| 9 dinoM aura dasa rAtoM taka isa sthiti meM rahane ke bAda azvinIdevoM ne unheM mukta kiyaa| revAprasAda dvivedI (DA.) - janma-san 1935 meM revA (narmadA) ke taTa para nAdanera grAma (ma.pra.) meN| Arambhika zikSA apane saMskRtajJa pitA se praapt| kAzI hindU vi.vi. se em.e. tathA sAhityAcArya kI upAdhiyAM prApta / jabalapura vi.vi. se DI.liT. / san 1970 taka ma.pra. kI rAjakIya sevA meN| tatpazcAt kAzI hindU vi.vi. meM saahity-vibhaagaadhykss| Apa saMskRta sAhitya ke prasiddha Alocaka haiN| kRtiyAM- sItAcarita (mahAkAvya), kAMgresa-parAbhava (samavakAra) aura yUthikA (nATikA) / kAlidAsa granthAvalI kA ekatra sNpaadn| aneka laghu-kAvya evaM nibandha bhI prkaashit| roDe, yajJezvara sadAziva (bAbA roDe) - lagabhaga 1707 I. meM lekhana-kArya praarNbh| racanAeM- yantrarAja-vAsanATIkA, golAnanda-anukramaNikA aura maNikAnti ttiikaa| laMbodara vaidya - I. 20 vIM shtii| bNgaalii| "gopIdUta" nAmaka kAvya ke rcyitaa| lakSmaNa - maataa-bhvaanii| pitaa-vishveshvr| kAzI nivaasii| kAlAntara se taMjaura ke zAhajI ke sbhaasd| inakI sAhitya zAstrIya racanA "zAharAjIyam" meM zAhajI kA caritra-varNana hai| anya racanA- shaahraaj-sbhaasrovrnninii| lakSmaNa - I. 11 vIM shtii| graMthakAra ke prapautra (bhAvaprakAza nAmaka sAhityazAstrIya graMtha ke lekhk)| zAradAtanaya ne AcArya lakSmaNa ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki inakA nivAsasthAna merUttara janapada kA mAThara nAmaka grAma thaa| gotr-kshyp| inhoMne tIsa 28. saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 433 For Private and Personal Use Only

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yajJoM se viSNu kI ArAdhanA kI aura "vedabhUSaNa" nAmaka vedabhASya kI racanA hI kisa saMhitA para yaha bhASya-racanA hai yaha jJAta nhiiN| lakSmaNa bhaTTa I. 17 vIM zatI ke eka dhrmshaastrkaar| ye nirNayasiMdhu ke racayitA kamalAkara bhaTTa ke choTe bhAI tathA rAmakRSNa bhaTTa ke putra the| Apane dharmazAstra se sambandhita "AcAraratna", "AcArasAra" aura "gotrapravararatna" nAmaka tIna graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| isake atirikta Apane naiSadhacarita para "gUDhArthaprakAzikA" nAmaka TIkA bhI likhI hai| lakSmaNabhaTTa vaiSNavoM ke nivArka saMpradAya ke pravartaka AcArya niMbArka ke 4 pramukha ziSyoM meM se ek| inhoMne brahmasUtra para eka svataMtra sUkSma vRtti likhI hai| lakSmaNa bhAskara - samaya- I. 14 vIM zatI / racanA-mataMgabharatam / lakSmaNa mANikya - I. 16 vIM shtii| noAkhalI ke nareza / kRtiyAM vikhyAtavijaya tathA kuvalayAzvacarita (nATaka) aura "satkAvya- ratnAkara" nAmaka subhASitasaMgraha | lakSmaNa zAstrI nAgaura nivaasii| racanAzrIviSNucaturviMzatyavatArastotra (citrakAvya) viSNu ke 24 avatAroM kA varNana bhAgavata (2-7) ke anusAra atirikta racanAeMviSNucaritrAmRta viSNustavaSoDazI, zrIharidvAdazAkSarIstotra, zrIrAmavivAha, zrIrAmapAda-yugulIstava aura zrIharistotra | lakSmaNasUri "bhAratacaMpUtilaka" nAmaka kAvyagrantha ke prnnetaa| ye I. 17 vIM zatI ke aMtima caraNa meM vidyamAna the / graMtha ke aMta meM inhoMne apanA alpa paricaya diyA hai| tadanusAra pitA- gaMgAdhara, mAtA-gaMgAbikA / - lakSmaNasUri ( ma.ma.) janma tinnevellI janapada (tamilanADu) ke purunAla grAma meM, san 1858 meM san 1886 taka madrAsa ke pacayappA saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM adhyApana / san 1903 meM maisUra ke dIvAna dvArA "sUri" kI upAdhi prApta / bhArata sarakAra dvArA san 1916 meM "mahAmahopAdhyAya" kI upAdhi / jIvana ke antima caraNa meM parivrAjaka bane aura bhAratIya saMskRti tathA adhyAtma darzana para pravacana karane lge| the pitA- muthu bhAratI, saMskRta tathA tamila ke vidvAn lekhaka / guru- subbA dIkSita / kRtiyAM ghoSayAtrA Dima ( aparanAma yudhiSThirAnRzasyaM), dillIsAmrAjya tathA paulastyavadha (nATaka), bhISmavijaya bhAratasaMgraha tathA nalopAkhyAnasaMgraha (gadya), kRSNalIlAmRta (mahAkAvya), jArja zataka (kAvya), anargharAghava, uttararAmacarita, veNIsaMhAra tathA bAlarAmAyaNa para ttiikaaeN| "dillI-sAmrAjya" nAmaka nATaka san 1912 meM madrAsa se mudrita / lakSmI - I. 19 vIM zatI nivAsasthAna- malabAra ke ekAvalaM kovilagrAma meM / racanA - santAnagopAla nAmaka 3 sargoM kA kAvya / zrIkRSNa dvArA eka mRta brAhmaNa-putra ko jIvita karane 434 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa kI kthaa| tIsare sarga meM yamakabandha hai 1 lakSmIkAntaiyA em. e., saMskRta prAdhyApaka, nijAma mahAvidyAlaya haidarAbAda / racanA - kIra-sandeza / sarvajanapustakamAlA se prakAzita / lakSmIdatta I. 13-14 vIM shtii| "pANDavacarita" nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| isa graMtha kI pANDulipi gaMgAnAtha jhA kendrIya saMskRta vidyApITha ke graMthAlaya meM upalabdha hai / sargAnta kI puSpikA meM "zrI lakSmInArAyaNarAya vAjapaNDita kaviDiNDima zrIlakSmIdatta " ina zabdoM meM lekhaka ne apanA paricaya diyA hai| prastuta pANDulipi maithilI lipi meM hai| lakSmIdhara I. 11 vIM shtii| janmasthAna- bhaTTAMkita kosala-grAma (jilA- bogarA, uttara baMgAla) "cakrapANi vijaya" mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir I lakSmIdhara vijayanagara ke tirumalarAya ( I. sa. 1570-73) ke Azrita apanI gIta-govinda kI TIkA meM inhoMne rAga-dIpikA, raMgalakSmI-vilAsa, vAmadevIya tathA pratApa nRpati ke saMgIta cUDAmaNi kA ullekha kiyA hai| anya racanA- bharata zAstragraMtha / lakSmIdhara bhaTTa rAjadharma ke nibaMdhakAra kAnyakubjezvara jayacaMdra ke pitAmaha goviMdacaMdra ke mahAsaMdhivigrahika (videza maMtrI) / samaya- I. 12 vIM zatI kA praarNbh| inakA graMtha "kRtyakalpataru", apane viSaya kA atyaMta prAmANika va vizAlakAya nibaMdha-graMtha hai| yaha 14 kAMDoM meM vibhAjita hai kintu aba taka sabhI kAMDa prakAzita nahIM ho sake hai| lakSmInArAyaNa (bhaNDArU) pitA bhaharU billezvara / mAtA - rUkmiNI / bhAradvAja gotr| vijayanagara ke samrAT kRSNadevarAya (san 1509 se 1529) ke "vAggeyakAra" arthAt kavi tathA saMgItaracanAkAra inheM samrAT kI ora se sone kI pAlakI, motiyoM kA paMkhA tathA hAthI mile the| guru-vissnnubhttttaark| racanA :- saMgIta- suuryody| - lakSmInArAyaNa rAva - I. 20 vIM zatI / veMkaTezvara vi. vi. tirupati meM telagu bhASA ke prAdhyApaka / "dharmarakSaNa" nAmaka saMskRta nATaka ke praNetA / lagadha - inhoMne "vedAMga jyotiSa" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai| 36 zlokoM vAle isa graMtha meM tithi, nakSatra nikAlane kI sarala paddhati kA vivecana hai vedAMga jyotiSa ke kAlakhaMDa ke bAre meM pAzcAtya paMDitoM meM kAphI matabheda hai| maiksamUlara isakA kAlakhaMDa IsA pUrva tIsarA zataka mAnate haiM va vebara isA pUrva 5 veM zataka kA ullekha karate haiN| zaM. bA. dIkSita ke matAnusAra yaha kAla IsA pUrva 1400 honA caahiye| lagadha ke caritraviSayaka jAnakArI anupalabdha hai| maukhika gaNita karanevAle prAcIna jyotiSiyoM meM inakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| For Private and Personal Use Only laghuanantavIrya siddhivinizcaya ke TIkAkAra anantavIrya ke uttaravartI hone ke kAraNa inheM laghu anantavIrya kahA jAtA hai|

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HHHHHHHH Apane prabhAcandra kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH samaya I. 11 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha honA caahiye| racanA- "prameyaratnamAlA" jisameM pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa kA pratipAdana hai| hemacaMdra kI pramANamImAMsA prastuta prameyaratnamAlA se pUrNataH prabhAvita hai| laghusamantabhadra - aparanAma-kulacandra upaadhyaay| vaMza braahmnn| samaya- I. 13 vIM shtii| graMtha- vidyAnaMda kI aSTasahasrI para viSamatAtparyavRtti nAmaka ttippnn| labaaiMdra - Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 119 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| AtmA kI stuti isa sUkta kA viSaya hai aura chaMda gAyatrI hai| "bRhaddevatA" ke anusAra indra ko labaRSi ke rUpa meM somarasa kA pAna karate hue RSiyoM ne dekhaa| somapAna se madonmatta zarIrAvasthA aura parAkrama kA varNana isa sUkta meM kiyA gayA hai| lalitakIrti - jainadharmI kASThAsaMgha mAthuragaccha aura puSkaragaNa ke bhaTTAraka aacaary| dillI kI bhaTTArakIya gaddI ke paTTadhara / mntr-tntrvaadii| alAuddIna khilajI dvArA sammAnita / racanAeMmahApurANa TIkA (tIna khaNDa) tathA 24 kthaaeN| lalitamohana - mRtyu- san 1972 ke lgbhg| purANapura grAma (jilA-bardavAna, baMgAla) ke nivaasii| kAvyatIrtha, vyAkaraNatIrtha va smRtitiirth| "kavibhUSaNa' kI upAdhi se vibhuussit| "devIprazasti" nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| lalla - "ziSyadhIvRddhida-taMtra" nAmaka prasiddha jyotiSazAstrIya graMtha ke praNetA jisameM eka sahasra zloka haiM, jisakA saMpAdana sudhAkara dvivedI dvArA kiyA gayA hai aura jo 1886 I. meM banArasa se prakAzita huA hai| inake samaya ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| ma.ma. paMDita sudhAkara dvivedI ke anusAra inakA samaya 5 vIM zatI hai para zaMkara bAlakRSNa dIkSita inakA samaya chaThI zatI mAnate haiN| "khaMDakhAdyaka" kI TIkA (brahmagupta jyotiSI dvArA racita graMtha) kI bhUmikA meM prabodhacaMdra senagupta inakA samaya 670 zaka mAnate haiM, jisakA samarthana DA. gorakhaprasAda ne bhI kiyA hai| lalla ne graMtha-racanA kA kAraNa dete hue batAyA hai ki AryabhaTTa athavA unake ziSyoM dvArA likhe gae graMthoM kI durUhatA ke kAraNa, inhoMne vistArapUrvaka (udAharaNa ke sAtha) karmakrama se isa graMtha kI racanA kI hai| __ madhyamAdhikAra "pATI-gaNita' evaM "ratnakoza" nAmaka anya do graMtha bhI inake haiM para ve prApta nahIM hote| lalitamohana bhaTTAcArya - I. 19 vIM shtii| pUrvasthalI (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| kRti- "khANDava-dahana" mahAkAvya / lIlA rAva dayAla - i. 20 vA shtii| paMDitA kSamAdevI rAva kI putrii| pati-harIzvara dayAla mAthura (zAsakIya vaidezika sevA meN)| saMskRta-lekhana kI preraNA mAtA se praapt| kSamA rAva kI aneka kathAoM ko nATyarUpa diyaa| Adhunika zailI meM sAmAjika samasyAoM para lekhn| nATyarUpa kRtiyAM- girijAyAH pratijJA, bAlavidhavA, kaTuvipAkaH, holikotsava, kSaNika-vibhrama, gaNezacaturthI, asUyinI, mithyAgrahaNa, kapotAlaya, vRttazaMsicchatra, vIrabhA, tukArAmacarita, jJAnezvaracarita aura jayantu kumaauniiyaaH| loMDhe, gaNezazAstrI - I. 20 vIM shtii| puNe ke prasiddha sNskRtaadhyaapk| pitaa-paaNddurNg| kRtiyAM- bhUpo bhiSaktvaM gataH (ekAMkI), saMskRta-praveza, subodha-saMskRta-saMvAda, subhASita ratnamaMjUSA va supaThavyAkaraNa (marAThI padyoM meM saMskRta ke niym)| lokanAtha bhaTTa - I. 17 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| pitA-varadArya yA kavizekhara vizvaguNAdarza ke racayitA veMkaTAdhvarI ke mAmA the| racanA- "kRSNAbhyudaya" nAmaka prekssnnk| loliMbarAja kavi - Ayurveda-zAstra ke prasiddha graMtha "vaidyajIvana" ke prnnetaa| junnara (mahArASTra) ke nivaasii| samaya- 17 vIM shtii| pitA-divAkara bhtttt| inhoMne "vaidyAvataMsa" nAmaka eka anya graMtha kI bhI racanA kI hai| inake "vaidyajIvana" kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usakI racanA sarasa evaM lalitamanohara zailI meM huI hai, roga va auSadhi kA varNana inhoMne apanI priyA ko saMbodhita kara kiyA hai aura isameM zRMgAra rasa kI pradhAnatA hai| isakA hindI anuvAda kAlIcaraNa zAstrI ne kiyA hai| inakI anya racanAeM marAThI bhASA meM hai| laugAkSI - I. 10 vIM zatI ke zatazAkhAdhyAyI sAmavedI aacaary| pauSyaMjI inake guru the| azauca va prAyazcitta-viSaya para inake zloka mitAkSarA meM diye gaye haiN| Apane yoga aura kSema kI vyAkhyA kara donoM meM abhinnatva pratipAdita kiyA hai| Apane ArSAdhyAya, upanayanataMtra, kAThaka gRhyasUtra, pravarAdhyAya va zloka-darpaNa nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| laugAkSI bhAskara - I. 17 vIM shtii| "laugAkSI" inakA upanAma hai| pitA-mudgala va guru jayarAma nyaaypNcaann| Apane "nyAyasiddhAntadIpa" aura mImAMsAzAstra para "arthasaMgraha" nAmaka do graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| vaMgasena - I. 11 vIM shtii| pazcima baMgAla sthita 'kAMjika' grAma ke nivaasii| vaidya gaMgAdhara ke putr| kRtiyAMcikitsA-sAra-saMgraha (vaidyakaviSayaka) aura AkhyAnavRtti (vyaakrnn)| vaMgezvara - taMjaura nareza tukojI bhosale ke aashrit| 17 vIM shtii| tukojI dvArA apamAnita hone para anyatra prasthAna kiyA aura vahAM se rAjA aura bhaiMse kA sAmya sUcita karane vAlA vyAjastutipara zataka kAvya mAhizazatakam rAjA ko bheMTa kiyaa| vaMdArubhaTTa - I. 19 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| mAtA- zrIdevI, pitA- niilknntth| kocIna nareza ke aashrit| zrIharSa ke naiSadha-caritam" kA kliSTatvarahita anukaraNa isa kAvya kI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 435 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaMzagopAla zAstrI - racanAeM- cetanA kvAste tathA vatsabhaTTi - inake dvArA praNIta koI bhI graMtha upalabdha nahIM shukrlok-yaatraa| ye donoM racanAeM DA. rAghavana dvArA ullikhita hotA, ekamAtra 'maMdasaura- prazasti' prApta hotI hai jo kumAragupta tathA saMskRta sAhitya patrikA evaM saMskRtam meM prkaashit| ke rAjyakAla meM utkIrNita huI thii| isa prazasti kA racanA-kAla vaMzamaNi - I. 17 vIM shtii| nepAla meM rAjA pratApamalla mAlava-saMvat 529 hai| isameM rezama-bunakaroM dvArA nirmita eka kA Azraya praapt| pitA- raamcNdr| maithila braahmnn| racanA- sUrya-maMdira kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jisakA nirmANa 437 I. giitdigmbr| isa kI aSTaka racanAeM nepAla meM maMdiroM kI aura jIrNoddhAra 473 I. meM saMpanna huA thaa| isa prazasti meM dIvAroM para aMkita kI haiN| 44 zloka haiM |iske prAraMbhika zlokoM meM bhagavAna bhAskara kI vaMzIdhara zarmA - bhAvArthapradIpikA- prakAza (vaMzIdharI) nAmaka stuti evaM bAda meM dazapura (maMdasaura) kA manorama varNana hai| bhAgavata kI vizAlakAya TIkA ke lekhk| kauzika gotrI pazcAt vatsabhaTTi ne tatkAlIna nareza narapati baMdhuvarmA kA gauDa-vaMzI braahmnn| nAbhA-nareza hIrAsiMga ke aashrit| inakI prazasti-gAna kiyA hai jinakA samaya I. 5 vIM zatI hai| yaha 'vaMzIdharI', inake jIvana-kAla hI meM veMkaTezvara presa muMbaI se prazasti kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se ucca koTi kI hai| isa para 1945 vikramI (1888 I) meM prakAzita huI thii| ataH inakA mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI chAyA parilakSita hotI hai| samaya I. 19 vIM zatI kA uttarArtha (lagabhaga 1828 I. - vatsarAja - naattkkaar| kAliMjara-nareza paramardideva ke mNtrii| 1890 I.) hai| 'vaMzIdharI' ke upasaMhAra ke paricaya-padyoM se samaya 1163 I.se 1203 I.kA mdhy| inake dvArA racita 6 patA calatA hai ki Apa himAlaya pradeza ke 'kharaDa' nAmaka nATaka prasiddha haiN| karpUracarita (bhANa), kirAtArjunIya (vyAyoga), grAma meM nivAsa karate the jo himAlaya ke pazcima meM sthita rukmiNI- haraNa (IhAmRga), tripura-dAha (Dima), hAsyacUDAmaNi hai| inakI vaMza-paraMparA isa prakAra hai - balarAma zarmA bhUdhara- (prahasana) aura samudramaMthana (tIna aMkoM vAlA smvkaar)| gaurIprasAda- sukhadeva zarmA- gajarAja zarmA- nikkArAma- vaMzIdhara inake rUpakoM (nATakoM) meM kriyAzIlatA, rocakatA tathA ghaTanAoM zarmA- lkssmiinaaraaynn| kI pradhAnatA spaSTataH dIkha paDatI hai| __ ApakI vaMzIdharI alaukika pAMDitya se pUrNa tathA prAcIna vanamAlI mizra - (1) I. 17 vIM shtii| mAdhva sampradAya ArSa graMthoM ke uddharaNoM se paripuSTa hai| isameM aneka zaMkAoM ke eka vedAntI aacaary| vedAnta- siddhAnta- saMgraha nAmaka graMtha kA bhI samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| veda-stuti kI vyAkhyA 5 ke rcyitaa| isa graMtha meM madhvasampradAya ke mahattvapUrNa tattvoM prakAra se karanA, Apake prakAMDa pAMDitya kA pramANa hai| niHsaMdeha kI jAnakArI dI gayI hai| Apake anya graMtha haiM- mAdhva yaha eka siddha TIkA hai| isake dvArA zrIdhara svAmI kI mukhAlaMkAra, nyAyAmRta-saugandha, vedAntasiddhAnta- muktAvalI, bhAvArtha-dIpikA (zrIdharI), vAstava hI meM prakAzita huI hai| zrutisiddhAntaprakAza, viSNutattvaprakAza, taraMgiNIsaurabha, bhaktiratnAkara stutiyoM kI TIkA meM inakA dArzanika pAMDitya bhI paga-paga para aura prmaannsNgrh| dRSTigocara hotA hai| vAstavikatA se dUra hote hue bhI, vaMzIdhara, (2) I. 17 vIM zatI meM bhaTTojI dIkSita ke ziSya zrImadbhAgavata tathA devIbhAgavata ko hI samAnarUpeNa mahApurANa ke rUpa meM khyAtiprApta graMthakAra jinheM kRSNadatta mizra nAma se aMgIkAra karate haiN| Apa bhAgavata meM 335 adhyAya aura 18 bhI jAnA jAtA thaa| Apane jina pAMca graMthoM kI racanA kI, hajAra pUre zloka mAnate haiN| ginatI karake siddha bhI kiyA ve haiM :- 1. kurukSetrapradIpa, 2. sarvatIrtha prakAza, 3. saMdhyAmaMtravyAkhyA, hai| prakAMDa pAMDitya ke sAtha vinamratA ApakA eka vaiziSTya hai| 4. vaiyAkaraNa- matonmajanA tathA 5. siddhaanttttvvivek| vajradatta - mahArAja devapAla (navama zatI) ke Azrita kvi| varNekara, zrIdhara bhAskara - janma 31 julAI 19181 racanA- lokezvara zataka (avalokitezvara buddha kA stvn)| nAgapura meM mAdhyamika aura ucca zikSA kA adhyyn| sana vajhe, bhAUzAstrI - samaya 20 vIM shtii| vArANasI evaM 1938 meM kaavytiirth| 1941 meM ema.e. (sNskRt)| 1945 meM nAgapura meM nivAsa / racanA- kaashiitihaasH| vArANasI nivAsI ema.e. (marAThI), 1966 meM "arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya" isa prakhyAta paNDita tathA zreSTha prvcnkaar| vedakAla se svAtaMtrya prabandha para nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya se DI.liT. kI uccatama upAdhi paryaMnta kAzIsambadhI samagra itihAsa inhoMne apane graMtha meM saMkSepa prApta / adhyApana- dhanavaTe nezanala kaoNleja meM 1941 se 59 meM diyA hai| taka, bAda meM nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya ke snAtakottara vibhAga meM vatsakANva - Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke chaThe sUkta ke / niyukti| 1970 se 1979 taka saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa / sevAnivRtti drssttaa| pitA kA nAma knnv| sUkta meM indra va tiridara kii| ke bAda prastuta saMskRta vAGmaya koza ke saMpAdana kA nivetana stuti kI gayI hai| tiridara, pazudeza arthAt IrAna kA rAjA ___kaary| saMskRta ke kSetra meM vividha prakAra ke dAyitva DA. thaa| isa kAraNa bhaugolika dRSTi se inake sUkta ko vizeSa varNekara ne smhaale| 1950 se 56 se nAgapara meM saMskasa 436 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhavitavyam evaM rASTrazakti (marAThI) sAptAhika tathA yogaprakAza aprakAzita lekh| (marAThI mAsika) ke sNpaadk| 1952 se saMskRta vizva pariSad varakara kRSNa menana - tricUra (kocIna) nivAsI, racanAeM(kulapati kanhaiyAlAla munzI dvArA saMsthApita) ke a.bhA. gAthAkAdambarI (bANabhaT kI kAdambarI kA padya rUpa ) aura saMgaThana mntrii| 1956 meM purAne madhyapradeza zAsana ke saMskRta TaoNmasanakRta do aMgrejI kAvyoM kA saMskRta anuvaad| pAThazAlA punargaThana samiti ke sdsy| 1953 meM yunesko dvArA varada kRSNammAcArya - vAlatUra (taMjaura) nivaasii| samaya- I. pravartita a.bhA.saMskRta kathA-spardhA ke sNyojk| 1973 se 83 19 vIM shtii| racanA- kacazataka aura vidhavAzataka / taka mahArASTra rAjya kI saMskRta samiti ke sdsy| bhArata varadarAja - taittirIya AraNyaka ke bhASyakAra varadarAja dAkSiNAtya sarakAra kI tAMtrika evaM vaijJAnika paribhASA samiti ke sadasya / the| pitA- vaamnaacaary| pitAmaha- anntnaaraaynn| inhoMne sAhitya akAdamI kI janarala kaunsila tathA saMskRta samiti sAmavedIya kaI sUtroM para vRtti vA bhASya likhe haiM kintu unakA ke 1973 se dasa sAla taka sdsy| 1973 meM zivarAjyodaya koI bhI hastalekha abhI taka nahIM milaa| mahAkAvya (68 sarga) para sAhitya akAdamI kA puraskAra prApta / varadarAja - (1) I. 16 vIM shtii| mImAMsAdarzana ke 1983 meM zrIrAma saMgItikA (gItinATya) para madhyapradeza zAsana prAbhAkara-matAnuyAyI aacaary| Apane bhavanAtha mizra ke nyAyaviveka kA a.bhA. kAlidAsa puraskAra praapt| 1983 meM nyUyArka kI graMtha para dIpikA aura arthadIpikA nAmaka TIkAeM likhI haiN| saMskRta pariSad meM bhArata ke prtinidhi| 1961 aura 82 meM pitA- raMganAtha / guru- sudrshn| Apa jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa aura AkAzavANI ke akhila bhAratIya kavi-sammelana meM saMskRta Ayurveda zAstra ke bhI paMDita the| kaavygaayn| isake atirikta DA. varNekara nAgapura kI aneka sAMskRtika saMsthAoM ke adhyakSa rhe| bhArata ke anyAnya prAMtoM (2) 'vyavahAranirNaya' graMtha ke racayitA varadarAja ke kAla meM Ayojita saMskRta pariSadoM kA adhyakSapada Apane vibhUSita ke sambandha meM matabheda hai| koI unheM I. 12 vIM zatI kA kiyA aura apane pracAra kArya meM saikaDoM sthAnoM para saMskRta aura koI I. sa. 1450-1500 ke kAlakhaNDa kA mAnate haiN| bhASA meM vyAkhyAna die| DA. zrI.bhA. varNekara ke prakAzita ukta graMtha dakSiNa bhArata meM pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA hai| graMtha- (saMskRta meM) - (1) mandormimAlA (chAtrAvasthA meM (3) bhaTTojI dIkSita ke eka ziSya kA nAma varadarAja thA likhita muktaka kAvyoM kA saMgraha) (2) mahAbhArata kathA (tIna jinakA upanAma dIkSita thaa| Apane siddhAnta kaumudI para bhAga), (3) saMskRtanATyapravezAH, (4) praznAvalIvimarza- (bhaart| AdhArita madhyasiddhAntakaumudI va laghusiddhAntakaumudI nAmaka graMtha sarakAra ke saMskRta Ayoga kI prazrAvalI ke uttarArtha-nibaMdha), likhe haiN| 'gIrvANapadamaMjarI' nAmaka eka anya graMtha bhI Apane (5) javAhara-taraMgiNI (khNddkaavy)| (6) vinAyaka-vaijayantI likhA hai jisameM kAzI ke aneka ghAToM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| (khaMDakAvya- svAtaMtryavIra saavrkrvissyk)| (7) kAlidAsa varadAcArya - I. 17 vIM shtii| janma-rAmAnujAcArya ke vaMza rahasya (khaMDakAvya), (8) rAmakRSNa paramahaMsIyam (khNddkaavy)|| meM, kAMcIpurI meN| rAmAnuja sampradAya ke anuyaayii| upanAma(9) vAtsalyaratram (kRSNalIlAzataka), (10) zivarAjyodaya ammala aacaary| pitA- ghaTikAzata sudarzana, eka ghaTikA meM (68 sarga 4 hajAra zloka) mahAkAvya- sAhitya akAdamI sau padya likha sakane ke kAraNa ve 'ghaTikAzata' nAma se puraskAra prApta), (11) vivekAnaMda- vijaya (10 aMkI naattk)| vikhyAta the| racanAeM- yatirAjavijaya, vedAntavilAsa aura (12) zivarAjyAbhiSeka (7 aMkI naattk)| (13) vasantatilaka (bhaann)| bhANa kI racanA, rAmabhadra ke zrRMgAratilakazrIrAmasaMgItikA (gItinATya) 11 aMkI (ma.pra. zAsana kA bhANa ko nIcA dikhAne ke liye inhoMne kI thii| kAlidAsa puraskAra prApta) (14) zrIkRSNa-saMgItikA (gItinATya- varadAcArya - veMkaTadezika ke putr| racanA- kokilasandeza aNkii)| (15) shrmgiitaa| nAmaka duutkaavy| (16) sNghgiitaa| (17) grAmagItAmRtam (41 adhyAya) / (18) varadAdezika - I. 17 vIM shtii| pitA- shriinivaas| racanAeMtIrthabhAratam (gIti mahAkAvya- nyUryAka kI saMskRta pariSada meM lakSmInArAyaNacarita, varAhazataka, vallIzataka, gadyarAmAyaNa, prkaashit)| inameM se kucha kAvyoM ke anyAnya bhASAoM meM raghuvIravijaya aura raamaaynnsNgrh| anuvAda prakAzita hue haiN| vararuci - eka vaiyaakrnn| inake kAlakhaNDa ke bAre meM marAThI meM prakAzita graMtha - (1) arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya / kAphI matabheda hai| koI inheM I. 4 thI to koI 5 vIM zatI (bRhatprabaMdha) (2) abhaMgadharmapada (dhammapada kA abhaMga chanda meM kA mAnate haiN| paM. bhagavaddatta ke anusAra ye I. prathama zatI geya rUpAMtara) / (3) subodhjnyaaneshvrii| (4) bhAratIya dharma-tattvajJAna me hue jaba ki zrI. vilsana inheM I. pUrva prathama zatI kA (prbNdh)| mAnate haiN| sAmAnyatayA inakA kAlakhaNDa pANini ke bAda aura hindI meM bhAratIyavidyA (prbNdh)| isake atirikta aneka pataMjali ke pUrva kA mAnane kI pravRtti hai| mahArASTrIya jJAnakoza saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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ke kartA DA. ketakara inheM pANini ke samakAlIna mAnate hai| ataH ve varSa ke yahAM pahuMce tathA inhoMne apanA adhyayana pANini ke sUtroM para vArtikoM kI racanA vararuci kI mAnI jAtI prArambha kiyaa| yathAsamaya tInoM ne varSa se sarva vidyA saMpAdana kii| hai| isa kAraNa pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI samajhane kA mArga prazasta 3) samaya ke sAtha sAtha AcArya varSa kA ziSya saMpradAya ho skaa| pataMjali ne apane mahAbhASya meM inake 5032 vArtikoM bhI bar3hatA gyaa| unake ziSyoM meM eka pANini nAma kA ati kA samAveza kiyA hai| kaiyaTa ne inake anya 34 vArtikoM kA jaDabuddhi ziSya thaa| guru tathA gurupatnI kI sevA use bhArasvarUpa ullekha kiyA hai| inake bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki ye aindra lagatI thii| isaliye gurupatnI ne use apane Azrama se bhagA nAmaka prAcIna vyAkaraNa zAkhA ke anuyAyI the| uNAdisUtra va diyaa| pANini baDA khinna huA tathA vidyAprApti kI abhilASA kAtaMtrakRti kI racanA kA zreya inhIM ko diyA jAtA hai| se ugra tapa karane lgaa| usake tapa se prasanna ho bhagavAn "prAkRta-prakAza" inakA mahattvapUrNa vyAkaraNa-graMtha hai| yaha zaMkara ne use saba vidyAoM kA mukha, vyAkaraNa zAstra naye graMtha dakSiNa meM kAphI pracArita huaa| graMtha ke 12 pariccheda sire se racakara upadiSTa kiyaa| yaha nayA zAstra pAkara pANini haiN| 9 veM pariccheda meM zaurasenI, 10 veM meM paizAcI va 11 veN| vararuci ko AhvAna dekara, usase vAda karane lgaa| sAta dina pariccheda meM mAgadhI ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| taka vAda claa| AThaveM dina pANini hArane lagA yaha dekhakara 'kathAsaritsAgara' meM inake janma-viSayaka kathA isa prakAra ziva ne iMkAra kiyA jisase aindra vyAkaraNa lupta ho gayA batAyI gayI hai : tathA vararuci, jIte huye pANini ke sAmane mUrkha siddha huaa| (1) bhagavAn ziva jaba pArvatI ko ekAMta meM sAta vidyAdharoM parAjita vararuci jIvita tathA gRhastha jIvana se Ubakara kI kahAnI sunA rahe the taba puSpadaMta nAmaka zivagaNa ne mAtA aura patnI kI ucita vyavasthA kara tapa se ziva ko corI-chipe vaha kahAnI suna lI aura ghara Akara apanI patnI prasanna karane himAlaya meM calA gyaa| nirAhAra rahakara usane ko sunaayii| usakI patnI ne vaha kahAnI jaba phira se pArvatI ugra ArAdhanA kii| prasanna hokara ziva ne use pANini ko ko sunAI to isa rahasyabheda se kupita hokara pArvatI ne puSpadaMta upadiSTa kiyA huA vyAkaraNa hI diyaa| vararuci ne use pAkara ko zApa diyA ki 'tU manuSya loka meM janma legaa'| zApa apanI vArtika racanA se usa zAstra ko pUrNa kiyaa| vaha sunakara puSpadaMta kI. patnI ghabarAyI aura pArvatI se kSamA yAcanA kAtyAyana nAma se bhI prasiddha huaa| karane lgii| pArvatI ne dayA-bhAva se use kahA ki jaba puSpadaMta kathA -4) vyADi, indradatta tathA vararuci apane guruvarya ke kANabhUti nAmaka pizAca ko punaH vahI kathA sunAyegA, taba pAsa gae tathA unase gurudakSiNA kyA dI jAve yaha puuchaa| guru yaha zApa dUra hogaa| ne eka koTi svarNamudrAeM maaNgii| itanA dhana pAsa na hone para (2) kauzAmbI nagara ke somadatta brAhmaNa ko usakI bhAryA pATalIputra ke nandarAjA se mAMgane kA nizcaya kara ve tInoM cale vasudattA se eka putra huaa| yahI thA zApa se martya huA gye| pATalIputra pahuMcane para unheM patA calA ki rAjA kI mRtyu puSpadanta jo Age cala kara vararuci nAma se prasiddha huaa| ho gaI hai| taba indradatta rAjA ke mRta zarIra meM praviSTa huA usake janma ke samaya AkAzavANI huI ki yaha bAlaka tathA apane mRta zarIra kI rakSA karane vyADi se khaa| vaha vyAkaraNa zAstra ko pratiSThita kregaa| pitA kA dehAnta vararuci ___ eka dina nanda ke pAsa gayA tathA usase gurudakSiNA ke hetu ke bAlyakAla meM hI huaa| taba usakI mAM baDe kaThina parizrama eka koTi svarNa mudrAeM maaNgii| rAjA ne (jisake mRta zarIra se apane bacce kA bharaNa poSaNa karatI rhii| eka bAra unake meM indradatta ne praveza kiyA thaa|) tvarita vaha dhana diyaa| vyADi yahAM lambA mArga AkramaNa kara thaka huye do brAhmaNa Ae ne vaha guru ko arpaNa kiyaa| tathA rAtri ke vizrAma ke liye tthhre| unheM jJAta huA ki idhara nanda ke mantrI ne sAzaMka hokara indradatta kA nizceSTa vararuci "ekazrutadhara" (eka vakta sunakara dhAraNa karanevAlA) zarIra naSTa karavA diyA jisase indradatta rAjA nanda ke hI zarIra hai| unhoMne isakI jAMca kI tathA unheM bAlaka ke medhAvI hone meM rhaa| isa nanda ke rAjya se samAdhAna na pAkara, indradatta kA vizvAsa huaa| aura vararuci se bidA hokara vyADi tapa karane calA gyaa| ___ isase Anandita ho unhoMne vararuci kI mAM se prArthanA kara idhara vararuci ko nanda ne apanA mantrI bnaayaa| kucha samaya tathA use prabhUta dhana dekara apane sAtha liyA tathA vahAM se Ananda se vyatIta hone para nanda ne vararuci kI hatyA kA cale ge| yaha do brAhmaNa vyADi tathA indradatta the| unheM varSa Adeza diyA, kyoMki use saMzaya huA ki vararuci antaHpura nAmaka vipra se pATalIputra meM vidyAdhyayana karanA thA parantu varSa meM jAkara rAniyoM se samparka rakhatA hai| yuktiprayukti se usakI kI zarta thI ki vaha ekazrutadhara ko hI jJAna deNge| vyADi jAna baca pAyI tathA vararuci nirviNNa hokara apanI patnI tathA svayaM do vakta sunakara tathA indradatta tIna vakta sunakara dhAraNa mAM ke pAsa calA gyaa| vahAM use jJAta huA ki usakI mRtyu kara sakate the| aba unheM eka zrutadhara bhI mila gayA thaa| kI vArtA se usakI mAM tathA rAnI ne dehatyAga kiyA hai| taba 438 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaha pUrNa virakta hokara vindhyATavi meM praviSTa huaa| vahAM tathA unapara bhinna-bhinna nakSatroM ke Adhipatya, nakSatravyUha, grahoM kANabhUti pizAca se bheTa hone para, use apane zApa tathA ke yuddha evaM samAgama, adi phaloM kA vivecana hai| bAda ke pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho aayaa| adhyAyoM meM varSaphala, parjanyagarbha lakSaNa, garbhadhAraNa, parjanyavRSTi __anta meM vararuci ne ziva se sunI huI kathA kANabhUti ko mApaka-rIti, saMdhyAsamaya AkAza meM dikhAI dene vAlI raktimA, batAI tathA use vaha guNADhya ke rUpa meM vartamAna mAlyavAn digdAha, bhUkampa yA bhUcAla, ulkA, pariveSa, indradhanuSya Adi ko batAne ke liye kahakara svayaM zApamukta huA aura shivgnnoN| sRSTi camatkAroM, divya, aMtarikSa va bhauma ina tIna utpAtoM, meM sammIlita haa| vararuci ne apanA gotra kAtyAyana batAyA bhUgarbhajala kI khoja, vAstupratiSThA, ratna-parIkSA Adi kA vistRta hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki praatishaakhy| vivecana hai| ke racayitA kAtyAyana aura vArtikakAra vararuci donoM eka hI paMcasiddhAntikA graMtha meM pitAmaha, vasiSTha, romaka, puliza va vyakti the| sUrya ina pAMca prAcIna siddhAntoM kA sAra diyA gayA hai| isake vararuci - "niruktanizcaya" nAmaka graMtha ke lekhk| alAvA trailokyasaMsthAna nAmaka pRthak adhyAya bhI isI graMtha meM hai| vyAkaraNakAra vararuci se bhinna / Apa ne samagra nirukta para TIkA vivAhapaTala va yogayAtrA graMtha anupalabdha haiN| bRhajjAtaka meM na likhate hue, nirukta ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle janma-kAla kI grahasthitiyoM ke anusAra vyakti ke lagabhaga 100 zlokoM kI racanA kI hai| sukhaduHkhoM-viSayaka bhaviSya jAnane hetu Avazyaka jAnakArI dI varAhamihira - bhAratIya jyotiSazAstra ke apratima aacaary| gayI hai| laghujAtaka isI kA saMkSipta rUpa hai| san 595 meM ujjayinI ke nikaTa kAyathA nAmaka grAma meM vardhamAna - "gaNaratna-mahodadhi" ke rcyitaa| isa grantha se ye jnm| "bRhajjAtaka" inakA suprasiddha graMtha hai| inake anya vaiyAkaraNoM meM saprasiddha he| uddharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki graMtha haiM- paMcasiddhAMtikA, bRhatsaMhitA, laghujAtaka, vivAha-paTala, inhoMne vyAkaraNa kI bhI racanA kI thI aura usake anurUpa yoga-yAtrA va smy-sNhitaa| bRhajjAtaka meM inhoMne svayaM ke gaNapATha zlokabaddha kara usakI vyAkhyA kI thii| vi.saM. viSaya meM jo kucha likhA hai, usase jJAta hotA hai ki inakA 1150-1225 / inhoMne "siddharAja-varNana" nAmaka eka kAvya kI janma-sthAna kAlapI yA kAMpilla thaa| apane pitA AdityadAsa bhI racanA kI thii| se inhoMne jyotiSazAstra kA jJAna prApta kiyA thA aura ujjaina vardhamAna - samaya- I. 14 vIM shtii| jainadharmI mUlasaMgha, jAkara "bRhajjAtaka" kA praNayana kiyA thaa| inheM mahArAja balAtkAragaNa aura bhAratIgaccha ke aacaary| dharmabhUSaNa ke guru / vikramAditya kI sabhA ke (navaratnoM) meM se eka mAnA jAtA vijayanagaravAsI rAjA harihara ke mntrii| caitradaNDanAyaka ke pUtra / hai| inheM "triskaMdhajyotiSa kA rahasyavettA tathA "naisargika racanA-varAMga-carita mahAkAvya (13 sarga, 1313 shlok)| kavitAlatA kA premAzraya" kahA gayA hai| vardhamAna - kAtantrapaMjikA para "kAtantra-vistara" nAmaka TIkA varAhamihira ne jyotiSazAstra ko tIna zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ke lekhk| vardhamAna kI isa TIkA para pRthvIdhara ne vyAkhyA kiyaa| prathama ko taMtra kahA hai, jisakA pratipAdya hai siddhAMtajyotiSa likhI hai| durgavRtti para kAzIrAja, laghuvRtti, harIrAma tathA va gaNita saMbaMdhI aadhaar| dvitIya kA nAma horA hai, jo janmapatra catuSTayapradIpa vyAkhyAeM ullikhita haiN| kAtantra vyAkaraNa para se saMbaMddha hai| tRtIya ko saMhitA kahate haiM, jo bhautika phalita umApati, jinaprabhasUri (kAtantravibhrama), jagaddharabhaTTa jyotiSa hai| inake "bRhatsaMhitA", phalita jyotiSa kI sarvamAnya (bAlabodhinI) tathA puNDarIkAkSa vidyAsAgara kI TIkAeM ullikhita kRti hai| inake graMthoM kI kAvyamaya zailI se, ye ucca koTi haiN| inameM se kAtantravibhrama para avacUrNi cAritrasiMha ne likhI ke kavi bhI siddha hote haiN| DA. e. bI. kItha ne apane hai tathA bAlabodhinI para rAjAnaka zitikaNTha ne TIkA racI hai| "saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa" meM inakI aneka kavitAoM ko yaha aprApya hai| uddhRta kiyA hai| inakI asAdhAraNa pratibhA kI prazaMsA pAzcAtya vardhamAna sUri - paramAravaMzIya nagendragacchIya vIrasUri ke shissy| vidvAnoM ne bhI kI hai| racanA- vaasupuujy-crit| kAvyaracanA aNahillapura meM saM. 1299 ___ inhoMne apane "paMcasiddhAntikA" graMtha meM zakasaMvat 427 meM huii| graMtha meM aneka camatkArapUrNa upakathAeM haiN| ko AraMbha varSa mAnA hai| kucha paMDita use hI unakA janma vardhamAna sUri - abhayadeva sUri ke ziSya / graMtha- dharmaratnakaraNDaka varSa mAnate haiN| brahmagupta TIkAkAra AmarAja ke anusAra, unakI (vi. saM. 1172) svopajJavRtti mhtii| azokacaMdra dhanezvara, mRtyu zake 509 meM huii| nemicanda aura pArzvacandra dvArA sNshodhit|| inakA bRhatsaMhitA graMtha chaMdobaddha hai jisake prathama 13 vallabhAcArya - I. 12 vIM sdii| ApakA "nyAyalIlAvatI" adhyAyoM meM sUryacandrAdi grahoM kI gati va phaloM, grahaNoM Adi nAmaka graMtha, vaizeSika siddhAMta kA Agara hai| usa para aneka kI jAnakArI hai| 14 veM adhyAya meM bharatakhaNDa ke 9 vibhAga TIkAeM haiN| unameM zaMkara mizra kI "kaMThAbharaNa", vardhamAnakata saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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'prakAza" tathA raghunAtha ziromaNI kI "dIdhiti" nAmaka TIkAeM prasiddha haiN| vallabhAcArya - AcArya vallabha ke vistRta jIvana-caritra tathA unake sAkSAt ziSyoM kA paricaya, vallabhasaMpradAya ke vividha graMthoM se milatA hai| tadanusAra AcArya vallabha kA janma saM. 1535 meM madhyapradeza ke rAyapura jile ke caMpArana nAmaka sthAna meM vaizAkha kRSNa ekAdazI ko huaa| inake pitA-lakSmaNabhaTTa telaga brAhmaNa the| maataa-ellmmaagaaruu| lakSmaNabhaTTa kAzI meM hanumAnaghATa para rahate the| yavanoM ke AkramaNa kI AzaMkA se kAzI choDa kara dakSiNa jAte samaya, mArga meM hI vallabha kA janma huaa| __ AcArya vallabha kI zikSA-dIkSA, paThana-pAThana Adi sabhI saMskAra kAzI meM hI saMpanna hue| gopAla kRSNa inake kula-devatA the| vidyA-vRddhi ke sAtha hI inakI AdhyAtmikatA meM bhI vRddhi hotI gaI aura inhoMne bhAgavata ke AdhAra para eka navIna bhakti-saMpradAya ko janma diyaa| yaha saMpradAya "puSTi-mArga" (vallabha-saMpradAya) kahalAtA hai| dArzanika kSetra meM AcArya vallabha kA mata "zuddhAdvaita" ke nAma se prasiddha hai| vallabha ke jIvana kI adhikAMza mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAeM kAzI, aDela (prayAga ke yamunA pAra kA eka gAMva) aura vRMdAvana meM ghaTita huiiN| inakI maMtra-siddhi se dillI kA tatkAlIna bAdazAha sikaMdara lodI itanA prabhAvita huA thA ki usane vaiSNava-saMpradAya ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra kA jora-julma na karane kI munAdI phiravA dI thii| usI prakAra I. sa. 1510 meM apane eka citrakAra dvArA AcArya kA eka citra banavA kara dillI ke darabAra meM lagavAyA thaa| Age cala kara bAdazAha akabara ne inake suputra viTThalanAtha kI AdhyAtmikatA se prabhAvita hokara, gokula tathA govardhana kI bhUmi inheM de dI, jahAM saMpradAya kI ora se aneka maMdiroM kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| vallabhAcArya ke jIvana kI sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA, vijayanagara ke mahArAjA kRSNadeva rAya dvArA vihita "kanakAbhiSeka' hai| inhoMne kRSNadeva rAya kI vizAla sabhA meM upasthita nAstikoM ko parAsta kara mAyAvAda kA bhI kuzalatApUrvaka khaMDana kiyA thaa| vallabha ne zuddhAdvaita kA pratiSThApana, zrutiyoM evaM yuktiyoM ke sahAre itane prabhAvI DhaMga se kiyA ki upasthita vidvAnoM ko inakA pAMDitya svIkAra karanA pddaa| rAjasabhA ne inheM "mahAprabhu" kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyaa| mahArAjA ne bhI "kanakAbhiSeka" dvArA inakA vizeSa satkAra kiyaa| inhoMne bhArata ke tIrthoM kI aneka bAra yAtrA kI aura apane mata kA pracAra kiyaa| saM. 1549 (- 1492 I.) meM ye vraja meM bhI padhAre aura vahAM aMbAle ke eka dhanI seTha pUranamala khatrI ne 1500 I. meM zrInAthajI kA eka maMdira banavA diyaa| vallabha ne yahIM rahakara puSTimArga kI arcA evaM sevA-vidhi kI vyavasthA kii| 52 varSa kI Ayu meM (1587 vi. = 1530 I. meM) inhoMne kAzI-dhAma ke hanumAna-ghATa para jala-samAdhi lii| inake vaMza meM 100 somayAga kiye gae the| ataH unakA vaMza "somayAjI" ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| ____ vallabhAcArya kA janma madhyapradeza ke eka ghane jaMgala meM huaa| isa sambandha meM yaha kathA batalAyI jAtI hai ki inake pitA lakSmaNa bhaTTa aura mAM ellammAgArU godAvarI taTa para kAMkAravADa grAma meM sukhI dampatI ke rUpa meM rahate the| inheM eka putra va do putriyAM thii| kintu varSoM ke bAda lakSmaNa bhaTTa ko akasmAt gRhasthajIvana ke prati virakti hone lagI aura ve premakara nAmaka satpuruSa ke Azrama meM jAkara rahane lge| unase gurUpadeza grahaNa kiyaa| kucha dinoM bAda lakSmaNa bhaTTa ke pitA tathA patnI, unakI khoja karate-karate premakara ke Azrama meM jA pahuMce aura lakSmaNa bhaTTa ke pUrvajIvana saMbaMdhI jAnakArI dekara unheM punaH gArhastha jIvana meM lauTane hetu premakara se anurodha kiyaa| ellammAgArU kI gAthA suna kara premakara dravita hae aura unhoMne kevala lakSmaNa bhaTTa ko punaH gArhasthajIvana meM lauTane hetu prerita kiyA varan unakI patnI ko yaha AzIrvAda bhI diyA ki ve zIghra hI eka alaukika putra ko janma deNgii| isa AzIrvAda ko pAkara donoM hI harSita hokara punaH gArhastha jIvana bitAne ghara lautte| kucha dinoM bAda ellammAgArU garbhavatI huii| una dinoM yaha parivAra yAtrA para nikalA thaa| prayAga se kAzI pahuMcane para unheM yaha khabara milI ki dillI ke mugala sulatAna zIghra hI kAzI para AkramaNa karane vAle haiN| loga kAzI choDa kara bhAgane lge| lakSmaNa bhaTTa bhI apane parivAra ke sAtha vApasa lauTane lge| rAste meM madhyapradeza ke rAyapura ke nikaTa campArana ke ghane jaMgala meM rAtri ke samaya ellammAgArU ne eka putra ko janma diyA, kintu durbhAgya se vaha mRta niklaa| ataH vahIM eka zamIvRkSa ke nIce use gADa kara ve Age bddhe| dUsare dina jaba ve agale gAMva pahuMce to unheM yaha patA lagA ki kAzI para sulatAna ke hamale kI khabara aphavAha mAtra thii| ataH unhoMne puHna kAzI jAne ke irAde se vahI rAha pkddii| rAste meM usa zamI-vRkSa ke pAsa unhoMne eka ajIba dRzya dekhaa| jisa gaDDhe meM mRta bAlaka ko gADA gayA thA usa sthAna para eka agnikuMDa meM bAlaka khela rahA hai| jaise hI ellammAgArU ne usa bAlaka ko uThAne hAtha baDhAye vaha agnikuMDa bujha gayA aura bAlaka uchalakara unakI goda meM A gyaa| prabhu kI kRpA se apane bacce kA punarjanma huA aisA mAnakara ve usa bacce ko sAtha le gaye, usakA nAma vallabha rakhA, jo Age calakara vallabhAcArya ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| vallabhAcArya ne tIna bAra bhArata yAtrA kI aura naye sampradAya kI sthApanA kara lagabhaga 84 graMthoM kI racanA kii| inameM se kevala 31 graMtha hI Aja upalabdha haiM, jinake nAma 440 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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isa prakAra haiM- 1) brahmasUtra para aNubhASya, 2) zrImadbhAgavata para subodhinI nAmaka TIkA, 3) tattvadIpanibaMdha, 4) pUrvamImAMsAbhASya, 5) gAyatrIbhASya, 6) patrAvalaMbana, 7) puruSottama-sahasranAma, 8) dazamaskaMdha-anukramaNikA, 9) trividhanAmAvalI, 10) zikSAzloka-SoDazagraMtha, 11 se 26 taka yamunASTaka, bAlabodha, siddhAntamuktAvalI, puSTipravAha, maryAdAbheda, siddhAntarahasya, navaratna, antaHkaraNaprabodha, vivekadhairyAzraya, kRSNAzraya, catuHzlokI, bhaktivardhinI, jalabheda, paMcapadya, saMnyAsanirNaya, nirodhalakSaNa va sevAphala, 27) bhagavatpIThikA, 28) nyAyAdeza, 29) sevAphala-vivaraNa, 30) premAmRta, 31) vividha assttk| AcArya vallabha ke pUrva prasthAna-trayI meM "brahmasUtra", "gItA' aura "upaniSad' ko sthAna milA thA, kintu inhoMne "bhAgavata'' kI "subodhinI' TIkA ke dvArA prasthAna-catuSTaya ke aMtargata zrImadbhAgavata kA bhI samAveza kiyaa| inake dArzanika siddhAMta ko zuddhAdvaitavAda kahate haiM, jo zAMkara-advaita kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM pravartita huA thaa| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra brahma mAyA se alipta hone ke kAraNa nitAMta zuddha hai| isameM mAyika brahma kI sattA svIkAra nahIM kI gaI hai| ___ AcArya vallabha ne apane "kRSNAzraya-stotra" meM tatkAlIna kuTila sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai| tadanusAra- "samasta deza mlecchoM ke AkramaNoM se dhvasta ho gayA thaa| gaMgAdi tIrthoM ko pApiyoM ne ghera rakhA thA tathA unake adhiSThAta-devatA aMtardhAna ho gae the"| aise viparIta kAla meM jJAna kI niSThA, yajJa-yAgAdikoM kA anuSThAna jaise mukti-mArgoM kA anusaraNa asaMbhava hI thaa| isa liye AcArya vallabha ne zUdroM evaM striyoM sahita sarvajana-sulabha "puSTi-mArga" kA pravartana kiyA thaa| vallIsahAya - samaya- I. 19 vIM shtii| kulanAma vaadhuul| viricipura nivAsI nArAyaNa paMDita ke suputr| kRtiyAMyayAti-taruNAnanda, rocanAnanda tathA yayAti-devayAnI-carita nAmaka tIna nATaka aura zaMkarAcArya digvijaya-caMpU nAmaka critr-grNth| vajI Atreya- Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke 10 veM sakta ke drssttaa| isa sUkta kI devatA agni hai jisakI stuti meM yaha sUkta racA gayA hai| vazaazva - Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke 46 veM sUkta ke rcyitaa| 33 RcAoM vAle isa sUkta meM, indra-vAyu varNana aura pRthuzravas ke dAna kI stuti kI gaI hai| 21 vIM RcA meM vaza ko adeva yAne devasadRza nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| ina para azvinau kI kRpA thii| AraNyaka ke anusAra isa sUkta meM sampUrNa jagat ko vaza meM karane kI zakti hone ke kAraNa ise "vaza-sUkta" nAma prApta haA. jaba ki kacha vidvAnoM ke anusAra racayitA ke nAma para hI yaha sUkta vikhyAta huA hai| vasavarAja (yA basavarAja) - "vasavarAjIvam" nAmaka AyurvedazAstra ke grNth-prnnetaa| AMdhra pradeza ke nivaasii| samayaI. 12 vIM zatI kA aMtima crnn| janma-sthAna koTUra grAma / nIlakaMTha-vaMza meM jnm| pitA kA nAma nmHshivaay| graMthAntargata ullekha ke anusAra vasavarAja zivaliMga ke upAsaka the| inake graMtha "vasavarAjIvam" kA pracAra dakSiNa bhArata meM adhika hai| isakA prakAzana nAgapura (mahArASTra) se paM. govardhana zarmA chAMgANI ne kiyA hai| vasiSTha - Rgveda ke sAtaveM maNDala ke drssttaa| isa maMDala ke 104 sUkta inhIM ke haiN| ina sUktoM se vaidika bhUgola va itihAsa para kAphI prabhAva par3atA hai| ye mitrA-varuNa ke putra the kintu paurANika-yuga meM inheM urvazI kA putra mAnA gyaa| purANa-vAGmaya meM inheM agastya kA bhAI batAyA gayA hai| vasiSTha kI tapasyA aura karmakauzalya se prasanna hokara indra ne unheM sAkSAt darzana diyA thaa| vasiSTha aura vizvAmitra ke bIca vaimanasya thaa| isakA eka kAraNa yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki vizvAmitra pahale rAjA sudAs ke rAjapurohita the, kintu bAda meM usa sthAna para vasiSTha kI niyukti kI gii| dUsarA kAraNa yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki vasiSTha-patra zakti ne jaba vAdavivAda meM vizvAmitra ko parAjita kiyA, taba vizvAmitra ne sasarparI vidyA ke sahAre usa para vijaya paayii| una dinoM yajJakarma meM vasiSTha-kula ke loga Adarza mAne jAte the| yaha bhI unameM vaimanasya kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| kAlAntara meM yaha vaimanasya samApta huA aura donoM RSizreSThiyoM ne yajJasaMsthA ke utkarSa meM mahAn yogadAna diyaa| vasiSTha ne indra, varuNa, uSA, agni va vizvedeva para sUktoM kI racanA kI hai| indra va varuNa-sUktoM meM bhaktimArga ke bIja pAye jAte haiN| inake eka bhaktipUrNa maMtra kA Azaya hai : ___"rasa nicoDe binA kevala soma hI indra ko arpita kiyA, to ve kabhI saMtuSTa nahIM hoNge| usI prakAra rasa nicoDa kara arpita karane para bhI yadi bhaktipUrvaka prArthanA sUkta na kaheM to bhI unheM prasannatA nahIM hogii| isaliye hama prArthanAsUktoM kA gAna kreN| isase devatA prasanna hoMge aura vIroM ko priya nayA stotra suna kara ve hamArA anarodha svIkAra kreNge| vasukra aindra - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 27 se 29 taka ke tIna sUktoM ke drssttaa| inameM prathama do sUkta indra-vasukra ke bIca saMvAdoM ke rUpa meM haiN| inameM indra kI mahattA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| bRhaddevatA ke matAnusAra vasukra, indra kA putra thaa| 27 veM sUkta meM AtmajJAna-prApti aura gAMdharvavivAha kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vasukarNa vAsukra - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 65 va 66 ina do sUktoM ke drssttaa| inameM vizva-devatAoM kI stuti kI gayI hai| inameM bhujyU taurya aura vizvakra kArNA kI kathAeM bhI haiN| vasunandI - nemicandra ke shissy| samaya-I. 11-12 vIM shtii| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 441 For Private and Personal Use Only

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racanAeM- pratiSThAsAra-saMgraha (saMskRta), upAsakAcAra (prAkRta) aura mUlAcAra kI aacaarvRtti| "pratiSThAsAra-saMgraha" ke chaha paricchedoM meM mUrti-maMdira-pratiSThAvidhi kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA gayA hai| vasubaMdhu - samaya- 280 I. se 360 ke biic| bauddha darzana ke aMtargata "vaibhASika" mata ke AcAryoM meM vasubaMdhu kA sthAna sarvopari hai| ye sarvAstivAda nAmaka siddhAnta ke pratiSThApakoM meM se haiN| ye asAdhAraNa pratibhA-saMpanna kauzika-gotrIya brAhmaNa the aura inakA janma gAMdhAra deza ke puruSapura (pezAvara) meM huA thaa| pAMDitya tathA paramArthavRtti ke kAraNa inheM "dvitIya buddha" kI saMjJA prApta haI thii| kAzmIra meM vidyaadhyyn| inake AvirbhAva-kAla ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| jApAnI vidvAn takAsukU ke anusAra inakA samaya I. 5 vIM zatI hai, para yaha mata amAnya siddha hotA hai kyoM ki inake bar3e bhAI asaMga ke graMthoM kA cInI bhASA meM anuvAda 400 I. meM ho cukA thaa| dharmarakSaka nAmaka vidvAn ne jo 400 I. meM cIna meM vidyamAna the, inake graMthoM kA anuvAda kiyA thaa| inakA sthiti kAla 280 I. se lekara 360 I. taka mAnA jAtA hai| kumArajIva nAmaka vidvAn ne vasubaMdhu kA jIvana-carita 401 se 409 I. ke bIca likhA thA, ataH uparyukta samaya hI adhika tarkasaMgata siddha hotA hai| ye 3 bhAI the- asaMga, vasubaMdhu va viricivts| kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne ayodhyA ko apanA kAryakSetra banAyA thA aura vahAM 80 varSoM taka graMtharacanA kii| inakI prasiddha racanA "abhidharmakoza" hai jo vaibhASika mata kA sarvAdhika prAmANika graMtha hai| jIvana ke aMtima samaya meM inhoMne apane bar3e bhAI asaMga ke vicAroM se prabhAvita hokara vaibhASika mata kA parityAga kara yogAcAra-mata ko grahaNa kara liyA thaa| inhoMne hInayAna va mahAyAna donoM ke liye graMtha likhe| inake anya graMtha haiM- 1) paramArtha-saptati, isameM viMdhyavAsI dvArA praNIta "sAMkhya-saptati" nAmaka graMtha kA khaMDana hai| 2) tarkazAstra- yaha bauddha-nyAya kA prasiddha graMtha hai| 3) vAda-vidhi- yaha bhI nyAya-zAstra kA graMtha hai| 4) abhidharmakoza kI ttiikaa| 5) saddharma-puMDarIka kI ttiikaa| 6) mahAparinirvANa-sUtra kI ttiikaa| 7) vajracchedikA (prajJApAramitA kI TIkA) aura 8) vijnypti-maatraasiddhi| tibbatI vidvAn bustona ke anusAra vasubaMdhu dvArA racita anya graMtha haiM- paMcaskaMdha-prakaraNa, vyAkhyAyukti, karmasiddhi-prakaraNa, mahAyAnasUtrAlaMkAra kI TIkA, pratItya samutpAdasUtra kI TIkA tathA madhyAMta-vibhAga kA bhASya / ___ DA. puaiM ne "abhidharmakoza" mUla graMtha ke sAtha usakA cInI anuvAda, phreMca bhASA kI TippaNiyoM ke sAtha prakAzita kiyA hai| isakA hiMdI anuvAdasahita prakAzana, hiMdustAnI akAdamI se ho cukA hai jisakA anuvAda va saMpAdana AcArya nareMdradeva ne kiyA hai| vijJaptimAtrAsiddhi kA hiMdI anuvAdasahita prakAzana caukhaMbA saMskRta sIrIz2a se ho cukA hai| anuvAdaka DA. maheza tivArI haiN| vasu bhAradvAja - Rgveda ke 9 veM maMDala ke 80-81-82 ina tIna sUktoM ke draSTA / pavamAna-somastuti ina sUktoM kA viSaya hai| vasUya Atreya - Rgveda ke pAMcaveM maMDala ke 25 va 26 ina do sUktoM ke draSTA / ina sUktoM meM agnidevatA kI stuti kI gayI hai| vasuzruta Atreya - Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke tIna se chaha taka ke sUktoM ke drssttaa| pAMcavA sUkta AprIsUkta ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| anya tIna sUktoM kA viSaya hai : agnistuti| vastupAla (vasantapAla) - janma-aNahilavADa meN| prapitAmaha caNDapa gujareza kI rAjasabhA ke pNddit| pitA-AzArAja (yA ashvraaj)| mAtA- kumaardevii| guru-vijayasena suuri| Apa kuzala prazAsaka aura mahAkavi the| bAlacaMdra ke vasantavilAsa kAvya meM inake mahAkavitva kA ullekha hai| gujarAta ke rAjA vIradhavala tathA usake putra vIsaladeva ke mahAmAtya / kaviyoM ke AzrayadAtA / "laghu bhojarAja" ke nAma se vikhyAta / vidyAmaMDala ke saMcAlaka, jisameM rAjapurohita somezvara, harihara, nAnAka paNDita, madana, yazovIra aura arisiMha the| kavi kI prazaMsA meM likhita kIrti-kaumudI aura sukRta-saMkIrtana kAvya uplbdh| vastupAla kI hI preraNA se narendrapriyasUri dvArA mahodadhi jaisA lakSaNagraMtha likhA gyaa| aNahilavANa, stambhatIrtha aura bhRgukaccha meM kavi dvArA graMthabhaNDAra sthaapit| san 1232 meM giranAra meM jaina-maMdiroM kA nirmaann| delavADA ke maMdiroM ke bIca meM sthita kalAtmaka maMdira, vastupAla ke bar3e bhAI luNIye kI smRti meM nirmita laNuvasatikA nAma se prakhyAta hai| inhoMne chaha giranAra yAtrAsaMgha nikaale| san 1240 kI yAtrA meM nidhn| ataH samaya I. 13 vIM shtaabdii| graMtha- 1) naranArAyaNAnanda mahAkAvya (san 1230-31-16 sarga) mahAbhArata ke kathAnaka para AdhArita hai| 2) AdinAtha-stotra, 3) neminAtha-stotra 4) ArAdhanA-gAthA / vAMdana duvasyU - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 100 veM sUkta ke draSTA / vAktola nArAyaNa menana - kerl-nivaasii| racanAeM- kRSNazataka, tApArti-saMvaraNa mahAkAvya aura devIstava / vAgbhaTa - (1) samaya- I. 7 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / Ayurveda para "aSTAMgasaMgraha" nAmaka graMtha ke rcyitaa| ukta nAma se eka hI vaMza meM do AyurvedAcArya ho gaye hai| inameM ukta graMtha ke racayitA ne apane graMtha ke uttarataMtra meM svayaM ke bAre meM jAnakArI dete hue kahA hai mere pitAmaha kA nAma vAgbhaTa thA, aura vahI merA nAma bhI rakhA gyaa| unake putra siMhagupta mere pitA the aura merA janma sindhu deza meM huaa| Ayurveda ke prAcIna graMthoM meM aSTAMga saMgraha para sarvAdhika TIkAeM prApta hotI haiN| cinI pravAsI ItsiMga ne aSTAMgasaMgraha-kartA vAgbhaTa kA ullekha : 442 / saMskata vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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he gautama . 8 vI viSaya meM lI thii| kiyA hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki inakA kAlakhaNDa I. 7 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha rahA hogaa| (2) eka vikhyAta rs-vaidy| vaidyaka-zAstra para aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| unameM "aSTAMga-hRdaya" sarvAdhika khyAtiprApta graMtha hai| kucha vidvAna inheM sAkSAt dhanvaMtari mAnate hai, to kucha inheM gautama buddha kA avatAra mAnate haiN| honle ke matAnusAra inakA kAlakhaNDa I.8 vIM yA 9 vIM zatI rahA hogaa| rasAyana. rasakupI va kAyAkalpa ke viSaya meM inakI khyAti jAvA, kamboDiyA, ijipta Adi dezoM taka phailI thii| inakA "aSTAMga-hRdaya" nAmaka graMtha zlokabaddha hai tathA isameM zastrakriyA kA vistRta vivecana hai| Ayurveda meM ise Aja bhI pramANa-graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| isa para 34 TIkAeM haiN| isakA hindI anuvAda huA hai aura hindI TIkA bhI likhI gaI hai| inake bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne bhAratIya Ayurveda zAstra ko videzoM meM zreSThatva prApta kraayaa| isa sambandha meM eka AkhyAyikA isa prakAra hai: ___ misra (ijipta) deza ke tatkAlIna rAjA ne, jo udarazUla se pIDita the, duniyA bhara ke cikitsakoM se ilAja karavAne ke bAda bhI koI lAbha nahIM hone para vAgbhaTa ko misra AmaMtrita kiyaa| vAgbhaTa ne nimaMtraNa svIkAra kara vRddhAvasthA ke bAvajUda lambI videza yAtrA kI, aura misra pahuMca kara rAjA ko rogamukta kiyaa| rAjA ne inake sammAna meM bhavya samAroha Ayojita kara AdhA rAjya dene kI ghoSaNA kI kintu inhoMne yaha kahakara ki isase sampUrNa jagat meM bhAratIya vaidyakI kI zreSThatA pratiSThApita hone kA jo samAdhAna unheM milA hai, vahI paryApta hai, anya koI puraskAra lenA asvIkAra kara diyaa| misra kI kucha vanaspatiyoM para saMzodhana karane ke vicAra se ve kucha kAla misra meM rahe kintu isa bIca eka durghaTanA huii| misra kI rAjakanyA kisI karmacArI ke sAtha premabaMdhana meM phaMsa gaI aura usase use garbha raha gyaa| yaha bAta jaba mahArAnI ke kAnoM taka pahuMcI, to rAjakanyA ko garbha se mukti dilAne hetu vAgbhaTa se anurodha kiyA gyaa| vAgbhaTa ne yaha kahakara ki "aisA bhayaMkara pApa maiM kadApi nahIM karUMgA" anurodha svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isa para rAjakanyA ne kahA- vaha apane premI ke sAtha AtmahatyA kara legI, taba eka sAtha tIna jIvoM kI hatyA kA pApa una para lgegaa| vAgbhaTa ne isase bacane kA eka upAya yaha sujhAyA ki hone vAle bacce ke pitA ke rUpa meM vaha vAgbhaTa kA nAma ghoSita kara deN| isase bhale hI unheM mauta kA sAmanA karanA paDe, kintu eka sAtha tIna jIvoM ke prANoM kI rakSA kA samAdhAna unheM milegaa| mahArAnI ne vivaza hokara vAgbhaTa kI yaha salAha mAna lI aura rAjA ke kAnoM taka yaha bAta phuNcaaii| isa aparAdha para misra meM mRtyudaNDa diyA jAtA thaa| vAgbhaTa se dveSa karane vAle maMtriyoM ke durAgraha para rAjA ne yaha soce binA ki itanI vRddhAvasthA meM bhI vAgbhaTa ke hAthoM yaha pApa kaise ho sakatA hai, vAgbhaTa ko mRtyudaNDa diyaa| kahate haiM ki mahArAnI ne caMdana kI citA para vAgbhaTa kA dAhasaMskAra karAyA aura unakI rakSA svarNa-kuMbha meM bhara kara gaMgA meM pravAhita karane bhArata bhijvaaii| (3) I. 12 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| "vAgbhaTAlaMkAra" nAmaka graMtha ke rcyitaa| TIkAkAroM ne inake pitA kA nAma soma batAyA hai| ukta graMtha sAhitya zAstra para hai jisameM vibhinna alaMkAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa graMtha ke pAMca pariccheda haiM tathA anuSTubh chaMda kA adhika prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa para likhI gaI 8 TIkAoM meM se 2 prkaashit| hindI anuvAda bhI prakAzita ho cukA hai| ye jaina the tathA prAkRta meM inakA nAma bAhaDa batAyA gayA hai| inakA saMbaMdha jayasiMha (1093-1143 I.) se thaa| (4) I. 13 vIM zatI ke eka alaMkArazAstrI / jaina-dharmAvalaMbI, mevADa ke eka dhanI vyApArI nemikumAra inake pitA the| ye digambara sampradAya ke anuyAyI the| inhoMne alaMkAra pradhAna "kAvyAnuzAsana" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| kula pAMca adhyAyoM vAle isa graMtha meM 289 sUtra haiN| apane isI graMtha para pRthak rUpa se Apane vistRta vyAkhyA bhI likhI hai, jisakA nAma "alaMkAratilakavRtti" hai| inakA dUsarA graMtha hai "chndonushaasn"| (5) jaina kvi| inhoMne "neminirvANa" nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai jisameM 15 sargoM meM jaina tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI kathA kahI gayI hai| inakA janma ahichatra (vartamAna nAgoda) meM huA thA aura ye parivATavaMzIya chAhayu yA bAhaDa ke putra the| neminirmANa para bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ne paMjikA nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| vAcaspati mizra - (1) I. 9 vIM zatI ke mithilA-nivAsI ttiikaakaar| inhoMne vaizeSika darzana choDa kara anya sabhI darzanoM para TIkAeM likha kara apane svataMtra vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| isaliye inheM sarvataMtrasvataMtra kI upAdhi prApta huii| inheM mithilA kA rAjAzraya prApta thaa| guru-trilocana / brahmasUtra ke "zAMkarabhASya" para Apane "bhAmatI" nAmaka TIkA likhii| graMthalekhana meM inakI tanmayatA itanI adhika thI ki ve usa samaya sAre jagata ko bhUla baitthte| isa sambandha meM eka AkhyAyikA aisI batAyI jAtI hai ki eka bAra graMtha-lekhana ke samaya rAtri meM dIpa bujha gyaa| unakI patnI ne Akara punaH use prajvalita kiyA aura vahIM pAsa khaDI rhii| jaba vAcaspati kA dhyAna unakI aura gayA to ve usase pUcha baiThe "tuma kauna ho"| patnI ne uttara diyA- "mai ApakI caraNadAsI huuN"| isa para unhoMne dUsarA prazna kiyA- "kyA tuma mujhase kucha mAMgane AyI ho"| patnI ne kahA- "pati kI sevA karanA strI kA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 443 For Private and Personal Use Only

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parama dharma hai| Apake caraNoM kI sevA kA avasara milA, isase merA jIvana kRtArtha ho gayA hai| Apake caraNoM meM mastaka rakhakara Apake pahale isa saMsAra se bidA lUM yahI merI icchA hai"| itanA sunate hI unheM smaraNa ho AyA ki yaha to apanI patnI hI hai| apanI patnI ke nAma para hI bhAmatI nAmaka graMtha likha kara, use amara banA diyaa| bhAratIya darzana meM vAcaspatikRta bhAmatI bhASya kA mahaghatavapUrNa sthAna hai| ise "bhAmatIprasthAna" kahate hai| bhAmatI ke atirikta inhoMne surezvara kI brahmasiddhi para brahmatattva-samIkSA, sAMkhyAkArikAoM para tattvakaumudI, pAtaMjala-darzana para tattvavaizAradI, nyAyadarzana para nyAyavArtikatAtparya va nyAyasUcI-nibaMdha, bhATTamata para tattvabiMdU tathA maMDanamizra ke vidhiviveka nAmaka graMtha para nyAyakaNikA nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| unakA bhAmatI nAmaka vyAkhyAgraMtha advaitadarzana kA pramANa graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki vAcaspati mizra ke rUpa meM surezvarAcArya ne hI punarjanma liyA thaa| inheM tAtparyAcArya tathA SaDdarzanIvallabha kI bhI upAdhiyAM prApta thii| __(2) I. 15 vIM zatI ke eka dharmazAstrakAra / mithilaa-nivaaaasii| "abhinava vAcaspati mizra" ke nAma se vikhyaat| ye rAjA bahiravendra va rAmabhadra ke darabAra meM the| inakA vivAdaciMtAmaNi nAmaka graMtha Aja bhI bhArata ke variSTha nyAyAlayoM meM upayoga meM lAyA jAtA hai| isake AlavA inhoMne AcAra-ciMtAmaNi, Ahnika-ciMtAmaNi, zaddha-ciMtAmaNi. katya-ciMtAmaNi, tIrthaciMtAmaNi, dvaitaciMtAmaNi, nIticiMtAmaNi, vyayaciMtAmaNi, zUdra-ciMtAmaNi va zrAddhaciMtAmaNi, tithi-nirNaya, dvaitanirNaya, mahAdAnanirNaya, mahAvarNa tathA dattaka-vidhi nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| zrAddhakalpa athavA pitRbhaktitaraMgiNI nAmaka graMtha bhI Apane hI likhA hai| vATave zAstrI - kurundavADa (mahArASTra) ke nivaasii| racanAeMkaliyugAcArya-stotra, kaliyugapratApavarNanam, kalivRttAdarzanapurANam, aMgrejI zabdoM ke prayoga inakI saMskRta racanAoM meM hue haiN| vANI aNNayyA - prakhyAta telagu kvi| taMjaura ke zrIdhara ayyAvala ke shissy| racanAeM- vyAsa-tAtparya-nirNaya aura ysh-shaastraarth-nirnny| vAtsyAyana - samaya- I. pUrva 3 rI shtii| inhoMne kAmasUtroM kI racanA kii| inakA nAma mallanAga thA kintu ye apane gotranAma "vAtsyAyana" ke rUpa meM hI vikhyAta hue| kAmasUtra meM jina pradezoM ke rIti-rivAjoM kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA gayA hai, unase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki vAtsyAyana pazcima athavA dakSiNa bhArata ke nivAsI rahe hoNge| kAmasUtra ke aMtima zloka se yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki vAtsyAyana brahmacArI the| paMcataMtra meM inheM vaidyakazAstrajJa batAyA gayA hai| madhusUdana zAstrI ne kAmasUtroM ko AyurvedazAstra ke antargata mAnA hai| vAtsyAyana ne prAcIna bhAratIya vicAroM ke anurUpa, kAma ko puruSArtha mAnA hai| ataH dharma va artha ke sAtha hI manuSya ko kAma (puruSArtha) kI sAdhanA kara jitendriya bananA caahiye| vAtsyAyana ke kAmasUtra sAta adhikaraNoM meM vibhAjita haiM : 1) sAmAnya, 2) sAMprayogika, 3) kanyAsaMprayukta, 4) bhAryAdhikArika, 5) pAradArika, 6) vaizika aura 7) aupnissdik| inhoMne apane graMtha meM kucha pUrvAcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinase yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki sarvaprathama naMdI ne eka hajAra adhyAyoM ke bRhad kAmazAstra kI racanA kI, jise Age calakara auddAlikI zvetaketu aura bAbhravya pAMcAla ne kramazaH saMkSipta rUpoM meM prastuta kiyaa| vAtsyAyana kA kAmasUtra inakA adhika saMkSipta rUpa hI hai| kAmasUtroM se tatkAlIna (17 sau varSa pUrva ke) samAja ke rIti rivAjoM kI jAnakArI bhI milatI hai| ___ "kAmasUtra" para vIrabhadrakRta "kaMdarpacUDAmaNi", bhAskaranRsiMhakRta kAmasUtra-TIkA tathA yazodhara-kRta kaMdarpacUDAmaNi nAmaka TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| vAtsyAyana (nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra) - inake graMtha meM aneka vArtikoM ke uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki inake pUrva bhI nyAyasUtra para aneka vyAkhyA graMthoM kI racanA huI thI, kiMtu saMprati inakA bhASya hI etadviSayaka prathama upalabdha racanA hai| inake bhASya para udyotakarAcArya ne vistRta vArtika kI racanA kI hai| inakA graMtha "vAtsyAyanabhASya" ke nAma se prasiddha hai jisakA samaya vikrama pUrva prathama zataka mAnA jAtA hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM vAtsyAyana nAmaka aneka vyakti haiM, jinameM "kAmasUtra" ke racayitA vAtsyAyana bhI haiM para nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra prastuta vAtsyAyana unase sarvathA bhinna haiN| "vAtsyAyana-bhASya" ke prathama sUtra ke aMta meM cANakya-racita "arthazAstra" kA eka zloka uddhata hai| ataH vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki cANakya (kauTilya) hI nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra haiM para yaha mata abhI taka pUrNataH mAnya nahIM ho skaa| __vAtsyAyana ne "nyAyadarzana" adhyAya 2, adhikaraNa-sUtra 40 vI vyAkhyA meM udAharaNa prastuta karate hue cAMvala pakAne kI vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| isake AdhAra para vidvAna unheM draviDa pradeza kA nivAsI mAnate hai| vAdicandra (pratiSThAcArya) - samaya- I. 17 vIM shtii| jaina AcArya va saahitykaar| balAtkAragaNa kI sUrata zAkhA ke bhttttaark| guru- prbhaacndr| dAdA guru- jnyaanbhuussnn| jAti-huMvaDa, racanAeM- pArzvapurANa (1580 zloka), zrIpAla AkhyAna, subhagasulocanAcarita (9 pariccheda), jJAnasUryodaya (lAkSaNika nATaka), pavanadUta (101 padya), pANDavapurANa, yazodhara-carita aura holikaa-crit| inakA kAryakSetra gujarAta thaa| inhoMne apane pavanadUta kI racanA meghadUta ke anukaraNa para kI hai| kathA kAlpanika hai| usakA prakAzana (hindI anuvAdasahita) hindI 444 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya muMbaI se huA hai| vAdirAjatIrtha - I. 15 vIM shtii| mAdhvamata ke AcArya / karnATaka ke maMgalora jile ke hubinakere grAma meM ApakA janma huaa| pitA-rAmAcArya va maataa-gaarmmaa| isa dampatI ko vAgIzatIrtha ke kRpAprasAda se yaha putralAbha huaa| inakA nAma varAha rakhA gyaa| Age cala kara vAgIzatIrtha ne saMnyAsa kI dIkSA dI aura "vAdirAjatIrtha" nayA nAmakaraNa kiyaa| aisA batAyA jAtA hai ki inheM yogasiddhi bhI prApta thii| ve apanI caTAI para baiThakara AkAzamArga se subaha uDDupI, dopahara dharmasthalI aura rAta ko subramaNyam nAmaka dhArmika kendroM para devatAoM kI pUjA ke liye jAyA karate the| "hayagrIva nArAyaNa" inake iSTadeva the| aMtima dinoM meM Apane sode grAma meM maTha sthApanA kara usameM kRSNamUrti kI pratiSThApanA kii| suprasiddha tIrthaprabaMdha ke atirikta tattvaprakAzikA, guruvArtAdIpikA, prameyasaMgraha, zrIkRSNa-stuti, rukmiNIya-vijaya sarasabhAratIvilAsa, ekIbhAvastotra, dazAvatArastuti Adi aneka graMthoM kI Apane racanA kI hai| vAdirAja sUri - I. 11 vIM zatI ke digambara jaina smprdaayii| matisAgara muni ke shissy| vAdirAja unakI upAdhi hai kintu unake mUlanAma viSayaka koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| eka zilAlekha meM inakI tulanA akalaMkadeva (jaina), dharmakIrti (bauddha), bRhaspati (cArvAka) va gautama (naiyAyika) se kI gayI hai| inheM SaTtarkaSaNmukha, syAdvAda-vidyApati va jagadekamalla Adi upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| racanAeM 1) pArzvanAthacarita- 12 sargoM ke mahAkAvya kI racanA Apane cAlukya cakravartI jayasiMha deva kI rAjadhAnI meM unhIM kI preraNA se hii| 2) yazodharacarita nAmaka cAra sargoM kA khaNDa kaavy| 3) ekIbhAvastotra / yaha 25 padyoM kA stotra hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isake gAyana se vAdirAja kuSTha roga se mukta hue| ___4) nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNa- yaha akalaMkadeva ke nyAyanizcaya nAmaka graMtha para likhI gayI TIkA hai| isameM 20 hajAra zloka tathA pratyakSa, anumAna va Agama ye tIna prakaraNa haiN| bhAratIya jJAnapITha (kAzI) nAmaka saMsthA ne ise prakAzita kiyA hai| 5) "pramANanirNaya" nAmaka graMtha meM pramANa, pratyakSa, parokSa va Agama ye cAra adhyAya haiN| inake alAvA kAkutstha-carita, adhyAtmASTaka va trailokyadIpikA Adi graMthoM kI racanA bhI Apane kI hai| vAdIbhasiMha - nAma kA artha vAdIrUpI hAthiyoM (ibhoM) ko siMhasamAna bhyprd| (samaya- I. 11 vIM yA 12 vIM zatI) eka jaina aacaary| inakA mUla nAma oiyadeva thaa| inakA vAstavya karnATaka ke poMcaMba nAmaka grAma athavA usake AsapAsa hone kA anumAna hai| vAdavivAda meM pravINatA ke kAraNa inheM "vAdImasiMha" kahA jAne lgaa| inakI do kAvya kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM : kSatracUDAmaNi aura gdyciNtaamnni| prathama kRti padyAtma aura dUsarI gadyAtma hai| donoM meM jIvaMdhara svAmI ke caritra kA varNana hai| kSatracUDAmaNi kI gaNanA nItigraMthoM meM kI jAtI hai| inakA samAdhisthala tamilanADu ke tirumala parvata para hai| vAdIsiMha aura vAdIbhasiMha eka hI vyakti haiN| inheM mahAkavi bANa kI koTi kA gadya lekhaka mAnA jAtA hai| vAmadeva - gautama va mamatA ke putr| Rgveda ke 4 the maMDala ke 42-44 taka ke sUktoM ko choDa kara bAkI sampUrNa cauthe maMDala ke sUktoM ke drssttaa| kahate haiM inheM garbha meM hI AtmajJAna ho gayA thA aura "garbhe nu sat' (R. 4.27.1) yaha RcA Apane garbha meM hI rcii| inakA janma bhI inakI icchAnasAra hI nisargasiddha mArga se na hokara mAtA kA peTa phADa kara huA, yoga-sAmarthya ke bala para zyena rUpa dhAraNa kara ve mAtA ke peTa se bAhara nikle| ye vizvAmitra kI bAda kI pIDhI ke the| inhoMne vizvAmitra ke sUktoM kA pracAra kiyaa| nisarga, mAnavI sauMdarya, kRSikarma, saMgIta Adi viSayaka abhiruci ke kAraNa Apane aneka RcAeM inhIM viSayoM para likhI haiN| upaniSadoM meM varNita jAnakArI ke anusAra, gAyatrI maMtra ke caubIsa RSiyoM meM pAMcavAM sthAna inakA hai| inhoMne zuka se tulasI upaniSad sunA aura anya RSiyoM ko sunaayaa| vAmadeva - jainadharmI mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka trailokyakIrti ke praziSya aura muni lakSmIcandra ke shissy| kulanAma (kaaysth)| prtisstthaacaary| dillI ke AsapAsa inakA kAryakSetra thaa| samayavi.saM. 15 vIM shtii| racanAeM- trailokyadIpaka, bhAvasaMgraha, pratiSThA-sUkti-saMgraha, trilokasAra-pUjA, tattvArthasAra, zrutajJAnodyAna aura mNdirsNskaarpuujaa| vAmana - kAvyazAstra ke aacaary| "kAvyAlaMkAra-sUtra" ke prnnetaa| ye rIti saMpradAya ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| inhoMne "kAvyAlaMkAra-sUtravRtti" nAmaka vRtti kI bhI racanA kI hai jisameM "rIti" ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnA gayA hai| ye kAzmIra-nivAsI tathA udbhaTa ke sahayogI haiN| "rAjataraMgiNI" meM inheM kAzmIra-nareza jayApIDa kA maMtrI likhA gayA hai (4/497) / jayApIDa kA samaya 779 I. se 813 I. taka hai| __ vAmana kA ullekha aneka alaMkArikoM ne kiyA hai jisase unake samaya para prakAza paDatA hai| rAjazekhara ne apane graMtha "kAvya-mImAMsA" meM, "vAmanIyAH" ke nAma se inake saMpradAya ke AlaMkArikoM kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA abhinavagupta ne apane dhvanyAloka meM uddhRta eka zloka ke saMbaMdha meM batAyA hai ki vAmana ke anusAra usameM AkSepAlaMkAra hai| isa prakAra rAjazekhara va abhinavagupta se vAmana pUrvavartI siddha hote haiN| vAmana kI "kAvyAlaMkAra sUtravRtti' meM unhoMne batAyA hai ki unhoMne graMthAntargatasUtra evaM vRtti donoM kI racanA kI hai| (mNglshlok)| vAmana ne guNa va alaMkAra ke bheda ko spaSTa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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karate hue kAvya zAstra ke itihAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yoga diyA hai / inhoMne upamA ko mukhya alaMkAra ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI hai aura kAvya meM rasa kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA hai| anya racanAeM liMgAnuzAsana, vidyAdhara (kAvya) aura kAzikAvRtti (jayAditya ke sahayoga se) vAmana vizrAnta-vidyAdhara nAmaka vyAkaraNa-graMtha ke racayitA / aneka sthAnoM meM prApta uddharaNoM se hI jJAta vardhamAna sUri ne inheM 'sahRdaya cakravartI kI upAdhi pradAna kI / inhoMne apane grantha para laghvI tathA bRhatI aisI do TIkAeM racI haiN| donoM aprApya / mallavAdI ne isa vyAkaraNa para nyAsa kI racanA kI / vAmana bhaTTa vemabhUpAla ke rAjakavi / samaya vikrama kA paMdrahavA zataka / inakI racanAoM meM kAvya, nATaka, gadya-graMtha, koza-graMtha Adi prApta hote haiN| vivaraNa isa prakAra hai- 1. nalAbhyudaya- ( naladamayaMtI kI kathA / yaha kAvya apUrNa rUpa meM upalabdha tathA triveMdrama saMskRta sIrIja se prakAzita huA hai| 2. raghunAtha-carita - 30 sargo vAlA yaha kAvya-graMtha abha taka aprakAzita hai| 3. haMsadUta (saMdeza kAvya ) / 4. bANAsura - vijaya, isa aprakAzita kAvya kA vivaraNa oriyaMTala lAiberI madrAsa kI trivarSIya hatsalikhita pustaka-sUcI 6 meM prApta hotA hai| 5. pArvatI-pariNaya- 5 aMkoM kA nATaka / 6. kanakalekhA cAra aMkoM vAle isa nATaka meM vyAsavarman va kanakalekhA ke vivAha kA varNana hai| (abhI taka aprakAzita) / 7. zrRMgArabhUSaNa- bhANa isakA nAyaka vilAsazekhara nAmaka eka dhUrta vyakti hai| 8. vemabhUpAla carita gadyAtmaka caritra graMtha isakA prakAzana zrIraMgam se ho cukA hai| 9. zabdacaMdrikA10. zabdaratnAkara- ye donoM koza-graMtha haiM aura donoM hI abhI taka aprakAzita haiN| vArSagaNya eka sAMkhya- AcArya / inake kAlakhaNDa ke viSaya meM nizcita jAnakArI upalabdha nhiiN| ye sAMkhya darzana ke vizeSa vicArapravAha ke anuyAyI the tathA inakA yoga darzana se adhika sambandha thA / sAMkhya yoga darzana meM inheM bhagavAn vArSagaNya kahA gayA hai / inake yoga-saMbaddha sAMkhya pravAha kA vArSagaNoM ne adhyayana kara pracAra kiyaa| vAlmIki saMskRta ke Adikavi / 'rAmAyaNa' nAmaka vizvavikhyAta mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| kahA jAtA hai ki saMsAra meM sarvaprathama inhIke mukha se kAvya kA AvirbhAva huA thaa| rAmAyaNa ke bAlakAMDa meM yaha kathA prAraMbha meM hI milatI hai ki eka dina tamasA nadI ke kinAre maharSi bhramaNa kara rahe the| tabhI eka vyAdha AyA aura usane vahAM vidyamAna krauMca pakSI ke yugula para bANa - prahAra kiyaa| bANa ke lagane ke krauMca mara gayA aura krauMcI karuNa svara meM ArtanAda karane lgii| isa karuNa dRzya ko dekhate hI maharSi ke hRdaya meM karuNA kA srota phUTa paDA aura unake mukha se akasmAt anuSTupa chaMda meM zApavANI phUTa 446 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa * Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir paDI / unhoMne vyAdha ko zApa dete hue kahA- 'jAo, tumheM jIvana meM kabhI bhI zAMti na mile, kyoM ki tumane kAma mohita krauMca -yugma meM se eka ko mAra diyaa| kavi vAlmIki kA yaha kathana sama-akSara yukta cAra pAdoM ke zloka meM vyakta huA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki ukta zloka ko suna kara svayaM brahmAjI vAlmIki ke samakSa upasthita hue aura bole- 'maharSe, Apa Adyakavi hai| aba ApakI pratibhAcakSu kA unmeSa huA hai| mahAkavi bhavabhUti ne isa ghaTanA kA varNana apane 'uttararAmacarita' nAmaka nATaka meM kiyA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne bhI apane 'raghuvaMza' nAmaka mahAkAvya meM isa ghaTanA kA varNana kiyA hai| (14-70) / dhvanikAra ne bhI apane graMtha meM isa tathya kI abhivyakti kI hai (dhvanyAloka 1-5) I maharSi vAlmIki ne 'rAmAyaNa' ke mAdhyama se rAjA rAma ke lokavizruta pAvana tathA Adarza caritra kA varNana kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne kalpanA, bhAva, zailI evaM caritra kI udAttatA kA anupama rUpa prastuta kiyA hai| ve naisargika kavi haiM jinakI lekhanI kisI bhI viSaya kA varNana karate samaya usakA yathAtathya citra khIMca detI hai| apanI anya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa, unake 'rAmAyaNa' ko vedoM ke samAna pUjya mAnA jAtA rahA hai aura usakA upayoga jana-jAgRti- graMtha ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA rahA hai| vAlmIki ke saMbaMdha meM aneka prazastiyAM prApta hotI haiN| adhyAtma rAmAyaNa meM svayaM vAlmIki ne rAmanAma kI mahattA pratipAdita karate hue apanI kathA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra batAyI hai maiM brAhmaNa kula meM paidA huA, kintu kirAta logoM meM palA aura baDhA / mujhe zUdra patnI se aneka putra hue| maiM sadA dhanuSa bANa lekara lUTa-mAra karatA thaa| eka bAra mujhe devarSi mile| unheM lUTane ke irAde se maine unheM rokA to unhoMne mujhase kahA ki maiM apanI patnI aura baccoM se jAkara yaha pUcha AUM ki kyA ve mere pApoM meM sahabhAgI haiN| maiMne ghara jAkara jaba patnI aura baccoM se ukta prazna kiyA, to unhoMne yaha kahakara hAtha jhaTaka diye ki Apake pApoM se hamArA kyA saMbaMdha / yaha suna kara mujhe baDA pazcAtApa huA / meM devarSi kI zaraNa meM gayA, to unhoMne mujhe rAma-nAma ke ulaTe akSaroM vAlA maMtra 'marA-marA' japane kA parAmarza diyaa| maiMne vaisA kiyA to vaha maMtra 'rAma rAma' hI siddha huaa| maine eka hI sthAna para khar3e raha kara varSo taka isa maMtra kA japa kiyaa| taba merA zarIra cITiyoM ke bhITe se DhaMka gayA thaa| tapasyA pUrNa hone para RSi ne vahAM Akara mujhe cITiyoM ke bhITe (valmIka) se bAhara nikalane kA Adeza diyA aura kahA ki valmIka se nikalane ke kAraNa 'vAlmIki' ke nAma se merA punarja huA hai| IsA pUrva prathama zatI se hI vAlmIki ko rAmAyaNa kI ghaTanAoM kA samakAlIna mAnA gayA hai| parityaktA sItA unhIM For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra ke Azraya meM prasUta huI aura unheM lava tathA kuza nAmaka do putra hue| vAlmIki ne svaracita rAmAyaNa ina putroM ko sikhAI / rAma ke azvamedha yajJa ke avasara para vAlmIki ne hI sItA ke satItva kI sAkSya prastuta kii| kAlAntara se vAlmIki viSNu ke avatAra mAne jAne lge| vAlmIkikRta rAmAyaNa na kevala zreSTha sAhitya kI dRSTi se hI unakI amara kRti hai, parantu vaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA pratIkasvarUpa rASTrIya graMtha bhI hai| vArSyANi yAskapraNIta aneka niruktakAroM meM ullikhita eka niruktakAra / bhASyakAra pataMjali ne bhI vArSyAyaNi kA 'bhagavAn' isa zreSTha upAdhi se nirdeza kiyA hai / isase vArSyAyaNi AcArya kI mahattA spaSTa hotI hai| - www.kobatirth.org vAsavasena bAgaDAnvaya / samaya- I. 14 vIM zatI / graMthayazodharacarita (8 srg)| gaMdharva kavi ne isI kA anukaraNa kara puSpadanta ke yazodhara carita meM kucha prasaMga sammilita kiye haiN| 'yazodharacarita' kA AdhAra lekara saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAoM meM aneka graMtha likhe gaye, jinameM prabhaMjana kA yazodhara carita prAcInatama hai| vAsudeva malabAra nivAsI / racanAeM- mRtyuMjayasvAmI kA stotra 'ravivarmastuti aura dmyntiiprinny| - vAsudeva kavi dudhiSThira vijaya' nAmaka mahAkAvya ke prnnetaa| kerala ke nivaasii| isa mahAkAvya meM mahAbhArata kI kathA saMkSepa meM varNita hai| isa para kAzmIra nivAsI rAjAnaka ratnakaMTha kI TIkA prakAzita ho cukI hai| TIkA kA samaya hai 1671 I. / vAsudeva kavi ne 'tripura- dahana' tathA 'zaurikodaya' nAmaka anya do kAvyoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| vAsudeva kavi samaya- 15 vIM se 16 vIM zatAbdI kA madhya / kAlIkaTa ke rAjA jamUrina ke sabhA - kavi / inhoMne pANini ke sUtroM para vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM 'vAsudeva-vijaya' nAmaka eka kAvya likhA thA jo adhUrA rhaa| use unake bhAMje nArAyaNa kavi ne pUrA kiyaa| vAsudeva kI anya racanAeM haiMdevIcarita (6 AzvAsoM kA yamaka kAvya), zivodaya ( kAvya ) aura acyuta lIlA (kAvya) inakA 'bhaMga-sandeza' yA amarasaMdeza nAmaka kAvya vizeSa prasiddha hai| - vAsudeva dIkSita I. 18 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / pitAmahAdeva / mAtA- annapUrNA / guru- vizvezvara vAjapeyI / ye taMjAvara ke saraphojI aura tukojI bhosale ke darabArI paMDitarAja the| inhoMne bhaTTojI dIkSita kI siddhAntakaumudI para 'bAlamanoramA' nAmaka prasiddha vyAkhyA likhI hai| ye mImAMsA darzana ke bhI AcArya the, inhoMne jaimini ke sUtroM para 'adhvara-mImAMsAkutUhala- vRtti' nAmaka graMtha likhA / / vAsudeva dvivedI I. 20 vIM zatI devariyA (u.pra.) ke nivAsI vedazAstrI tathA sAhityAcArya kAzI meM sArvabhauma saMskRta - pracAra kAryAlaya ke sNsthaapk| bhArata bhara bhramaNa karate hue, vyAkhyAnoM tathA nATyaprayogoM dvArA saMskRta kA pracAra / saMskRta pracAra pustaka-mAlA' meM chape aneka ekAMkiyoM ke racayitA / kRtiyAM - kautsasya gurudakSiNA, bhojarAjye saMskRtasAmrAjyam, svargIya - saMskRtakavi sammelanam, bAlanATaka, sAhityanibaMdhAdarza, saMskRta patra lekhana gItAmAlA ityAdi pracAropayogI pustakeM | vAsudeva pAtra orisA ke antargata khaDI ke saMsthAnika khimuNDI gajapati nArAyaNa deva ke cikitsk| racanA - kavi- cintAmaNiH (24 kiraNa) / isa graMtha meM kavi saMketa tathA samasyApUrti kI prAdhAnya se carcA hai| aMtima 3 kiraNoM meM saMgIta viSayaka carcA hai| vAsudeva sArvabhauma samaya I. 13-14 vIM zatI / inhoMne mithilA meM pakSadhara mizra ke yahAM tattvaciMtAmaNi kA adhyayana kiyA thA / mithilA ke naiyAyika apane yahAM ke nyAya-graMthoM ko bAhara nahIM le jAne dete the| ataH zrI. vAsudeva sArvabhauma ne tatvaciMtAmaNi tathA nyAya kusumAMjali nAmaka do graMthoM ko kaMThastha kara liyA, aura phira kAzI jAne ke bAda unako likhaa| phira baMgAla meM navadvIpa jAkara nyAyazAstra ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke liye inhoMne eka vidyApITha kI sthApanA kii| dhArmika nibaMdhakAra raghunaMdana, zAktataMtra ke vyAkhyAkAra kRSNAnaMda aura vaiyAkaraNa ziromaNi raghunAtha bhaTTAcArya, ye tInoM hI vAsudeva sArvabhauma ke ziSya the| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - vAsudevAnanda sarasvatI (Tembe svAmI) samaya 1854-1914 I. mahArASTra ke prasiddha yogI santa / vizAla ziSya zAkhA / pitA gaNezabhaTTa Tembe mAtA ramAbAI nivAsa sAvantavADI saMsthAna kA maanngaaNv| janma 1854 meM dAdA ke pAsa ghara meM hI adhyayana | bacapana se upAsanA, purazcaraNa Adi se maMtrasiddhi / 21 varSa kI Ayu meM vivAha / patnI - annapUrNA / I. 1891 meM patnI kA dehAnta / nArAyaNa svAmI se ujjayinI meM daNDagrahaNa tathA Azrama nAma prApta yogirAja zrI. vAmanarAva gulavaNI dvArA inakI sabhI racanAeM 12 khaNDoM meM 'vAsudevAnanda sarasvatI graMthamAlA' meM prakAzita / For Private and Personal Use Only - - racanAeM zikSAtraya, strI-zikSA, mAgha mAhAtmya, gurucaritra (dvisAhastrI), zrIgurusaMhitA, zrIgurucaritratrizatI kAvya, zrIdattacampU zrIdattapurANa (saTIka), vedanivedanastotram, kRSNAlaharI (donoM saTIka ) / I. 1914 meM narmadA tIra para garuDezvara- kSetra meM smaadhi| yahAM para unakA samAdhi maMdira banAyA gayA hai| inheM zrI datta kA avatAra mAnA jAtA hai| saMskRta ke atirikta inhoMne marAThI meM bhI aneka graMthoM va stotroM kI racanA kI hai| mahArASTra, karnATaka aura gujarAtha meM ApakA prabhUta ziSya saMpradAya hai| viMdhyavAsa I. 3 rI yA 4 thIM zatI / sAMkhyadarzana ke eka AcArya jinhoMne sAMkhyazAstra para 'hiraNyasaptatI' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| inake bAre meM cInI bhASA ke bauddha graMthoM meM kucha jAnakArI saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 447

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milatI hai| tadanusAra ayodhyA meM vikramarAjA ke kAla meM, vasubaMdhu ke guru buddhamitra ko inhoMne vAdavivAda meM parAsta kiyA thaa| vidhyAraNya meM rahane ke kAraNa hI unakA nAma viMdhyavAsa paDA, vaise inakA mUla nAma rudrika thaa| inake 'hiraNyasaptatI' graMtha ke khaMDana meM vasubandhu ne 'paramArtha-saptati' nAmaka graMtha likhA thA, kintu Aja ye donoM hI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai| vikaTanitaMbA - prasiddha kavayitrI- janma-sthAna kaashii| inake saMbaMdha meM abhI taka anya koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho skii| rAjazekhara ne 'sUkti-muktAvalI' meM inake bAre meM apane vicAra prakaTa kiye hai- (ke vaikaTanitaMbana girAM guMphena raMjitAH / nidaMti nijakAMtAnAM na maugdhyamadhuraM vacaH' / / ) inakI eka kavitA kA Azaya isa prakAra hai- re bhramara tere mardana ko saha sakane vAlI anya puSpalatAoM meM apane caMcala citta ko vinodita kr| anakhilI kesara-rahita ina navamallikA kI choTI kalI ko abhI asamaya meM kyoM vyartha duHkha de rahA hai| abhI to usameM kesara bhI nahIM hai| becArI khilI taka nahIM hai| ise duHkha denA kyA tujhe suhAtA hai| yahAM se haTa jaa| kahA jAtA hai ki inake pati azikSita the| vikrama - pitA- sNgm| racanA- nemidUta / meghadUta kI paMktiyoM kA samasyArUpa prayoga - isa kAvya kI vizeSatA hai| vijayadhvajatIrtha - dvaitavAdI- saMpradAya ke mukhya bhaagvt-vyaakhyaakaar| inakI TIkA 'padaratnAvalI' baDI hI prAmANika racanA hai aura vaha isa saMpradAya ke TIkAkAroM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| saMpradAyAnusAra ye pejAvara-paTha ke adhipati the jo mAdhvasaMpradAyI maThoM meM saptaka maTha mAnA jAtA hai| 'padaratnAvalI' ke upakrama meM inhoMne aneka jJAtavya bAte likhI haiM, jo inake jIvana para prakAza DAlatI haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM DA. vAsudeva kRSNa caturvedI likhita 'zrImadbhAgavata ke TIkAkAra' nAmaka graMtha meM bhI paryApta jAnakArI aMkita hai| Apa vijayatIrtha ke ziSya mahendratIrtha ke ziSya the| (maMgala zloka 7) isameM AnaMdatIrtha kI kRti 'bhAgavata- tAtparya- nirNaya' pratIta hotI hai parantu parama guru vijayatIrtha kI etadviSayaka kRti gaveSaNIya hai| goDIya darzanara itihAsa ke anusAra inheM namaskAra tathA nirdeza karane vAle dvaitavAdI kRti ko apane liye anukaraNa kA viSaya mAnA hai| vyAsa tatvajJa kA samaya 1460 I. hai| phalataH ye isase pUrvavartI graMthakAra haiN| inakA samaya anumAnataH 1410 I. - 1450 I. ke lagabhaga mAnanA ucita hai (moTe taura para 15 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh)| apanI 'pada-ratnAvalI' meM vedastuti ke avasara para Apane bhAgavata ke padyoM ke liye upayukta AdhArabhUta zrutimaMtroM kA saMketa kiyA hai| isase Apake pragADha vaidika pAMDitya kA paricaya milatA hai| vijayarakSita - san 1240 meM baMgAla meM 'ArogyazAlIya' pada para the| cakradatta ke vyAkhyAkAra nizcalakara ke guru / kRti-vyAkhyA madhukoza jo mAdhavanidAna nAmaka prasiddha Ayurveda graMtha para TIkA hai| vijayarAghavAcArya - tirupati devasthAna ke taamrpttshilaalekhaadhikaarii| racanAe- surabhisandeza, paMcalakSmI-vilAsaH (5 sahasra zloka), nItinavaratnamAlA, abhinavahitopadezaH, kavanendumaNDalI, vasantavAsa, dhyAna-prazaMsA, divyakSetrayAtrAmAhAtmya, AtmasamarpaNa, navagrahastotra, dazAvatArastavaH, lakSmIstutiH aura guruprNpraaprbhaav| vijayavarNI - I. 13 vIM shtii| munIndra vijayakIrti ke ziSya / rAjA kAmarAya se vyaktigata saMparka thaa| graMtha-zrRMgArArNavacandrikA (dasa paricchedoM meM vibhkt)| vijayavimalagaNi - jainadharmI tapAgacchIya AnandavimalasUri ke shissy| samaya- I. 16 vIM shtii| graMtha- gacchAcAravRtti nAmaka vistRta grNth| gacchAcAra para hI tapAgacchIya vidvAna Ananda vimalasUri ke hI ziSya vAnararSi kI TIkA upalabdha hai| vijjikA (vidyA) - suprasiddha kvyitrii| inakI kisI bhI racanA kA 'abhI taka patA nahIM calA hai, para sUkti-saMgrahoM meM kucha padya prApta hote haiN| inake 3 nAma prApta hote haiM- vijjakA, vijjikA va vidyaa| vijjikA ke aneka zloka, saMskRta AlaMkArikoM dvArA uddhRta kiye gae haiN| mukulabhaTTa ne 'abhidhAvRtti-mAtRkA' meM tathA mammaTa ne 'kAvyaprakAza' meM inheM uddhRta kiyA hai| mukulabhaTTa kA samaya 925 I. ke AsapAsa hai| ataH vijjikA kA anumAnita samaya 710 aura 850 I. ke bIca mAnA jA sakatA hai|| inake bAre meM kevala itanI hI jAnakArI upalabdha hai ki inakA janma dakSiNa bhArata meM huaa| inheM apane kavitva para kitanA abhimAna thA, yaha isa zloka se spaSTa hai - nIlotpaladalazyAmAM vijakAM maamjaantaa| vRthaiva daNDinA proktaM 'sarvazuklA sarasvatI" / / arthAt- nIlakamala ke patte kI taraha zyAma varNa vAlI mujhe samajhe binA hI daMDI ne vyartha hI sarasvatI ko 'sarvazuklA' kaha diyaa| inakI kavitAeM zRMgAra-pradhAna hai| vijJamUri rAghavAcArya - I. 19 vIM zatI kA aMtima crnn| vijayavADA ke hAiskUla meM adhyaapk| kRtiyAM- zRMgAra-dIpaka (bhANa), narasiMha-stotra, mAnasa-saMdeza, hanumat-sandeza, raghuvIra-gadya-vyAkhyA aura raamaanuj-shloktryii| vijJAnabhikSu - samaya- I. 16 vIM zatI kA prthmaaii| kAzI ke nivaasii| inhoMne sAMkhya, yoga va vedAMta tInoM hI darzanoM para bhASya racanA kI hai| sAMkhya-sUtroM para inakI vyAkhyA 'sAMkhyapravacanabhASya' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| inhoMne yogasUtroM ke vyAsa-bhASya para 'yogavArtika' tathA brahmasUtrapara 'vijJAnAmRta-bhASya' kI racanA kI hai| inake anya do graMtha haiM- 'sAMkhya-sAra' va 'yogasAra', jinameM tattat darzanoM ke siddhAMtoM kA saMkSipta vivecana hai| 448 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vijJAnezvara I. 11-12 vIM shtii| dharmazAstra aura yAjJavalkya smRti para mitAkSarA nAmaka TIkA likhii| bhAradvAja gotrI / pitA - padmanAtha bhaTTopAdhyAya / guru- uttmpaad| AMdhrapradeza ke kalyANI nAmaka sthAna para chaThe vikramAditya ke darabAra meM Apa the| dharmazAstraviyaSaka vAGmaya meM vijJAnezvara kI 'mitAkSarA' TIkA kA mahattva atyucca hai| do hajAra varSa pUrva ke dharmazAstraviSayaka vicAroM kA sAra isa graMtha meM diyA gayA hai| ataH dattaka, uttarAdhikAra Adi hindU kAnUna meM yaha graMtha pramANa mAnA jAtA hai (graMtha-racanA kAla 1070-1100 I. ke bIca ) / vijJAnezvara ne dAya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA haiapratibaMdha evaM sapratibaMdha inhoMne AgrahapUrvaka kahA hai ki vasIyata para putra, pautra tathA prapautra kA janmasiddha adhikAra hotA hai| viTThala samaya- vi.saM. 16 vIM zatI / prakriyA-kaumudI kI prasAda TIkA ke lekhaka / inhoMne zeSakRSNa ke putra rAmezvara (vIrezvara) ke pAsa vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana kiyaa| ye prakriyA- kaumudIkAra rAmacaMdra ke pautra the / viThThaladevuni suMdarazarmA devajJazikhAmaNi vIrarAghava zarmA ke chaThaveM putra mAtA zrIgaurI aMbA haidarAbAda ke usmAniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke zodhavibhAga meM Apa kAryarata rhe| makuTazatakoM kI racanA ApakI vizeSatA hai makuTaniyama yAne kAvya ke prAraMbha meM aura aMtima caturtha paMkti meM ekatA rakhanA suMdarazarmA ne zrInivAsazataka, devIzataka, vIrAMjaneyazataka aura zaMbhuzataka nAmaka cAra zatakoM kI racanA kI hai| ina sabhI bhaktipradhAna zatakoM meM makuTaniyama kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| AMdhra prAdezika sAhitya meM yaha paddhati vizeSa lokapriya hai / 29 www.kobatirth.org - viTThalanAthajI samaya- I. 1515 1594 janma- pauSa kRSNa navamI ko kAzI ke nikaTavartI kSetra caraNAdri (cunAra) meN| jagannAthapurI jAte samaya inake pitA AcArya vallabha sapatnIka yahAM ruke the| yahIM para vartamAna AcArya-va -kUpa hai| isI sthAna para inakA janma huaa| kahA jAtA hai ki yAtrA meM navajAta zizu kI rakSA na ho sakegI isa AzaMkA se AcArya vallabha ne inheM yahIM choDa diyA thA paraMtu jagannAtha kI tIrtha yAtrA se loTane para kisI ajJAta vyakti kI goda meM zizu viThThala surakSita milA usa vyakti ne zizu ko usake mAtA-pitA ke hAthoM sauMpA aura svayaM adRzya ho gyaa| vallabhAcArya, viTThala ko apane AvAsa sthAna aDaila (prayAga meM triveNI ke dakSiNa pAra) le ge| yahA~ para viThThala ke saMskAra evaM zikSA-dIkSA huii| 15 varSa kI Ayu meM hI inake pitA AcArya vallabha ne apanA zarIra tyaagaa| phira bhI inhoMne veda-vedAMgoM kA adhyayana evaM sApradAyika sAhitya kA anuzIlana kiyA / vallabha ke ye dvitIya putra the / gosAIjI ke nAma se adhika prasiddha / apane pitA ke samAna viTThalanAtha bhI gRhastha the| unhIM ke - - samAna gRhasthoM meM raha kara hI inhoMne paramArtha-ciMtana kI apUrva niSThA nibhaaii| inhoMne do vivAha kie the| prathama patnI rukmiNI se 6 putra aura 4 putriyAM thI gar3hA kI rAnI durgAvatI ke atyadhika Agraha para inhoMne dUsarA vivAha sAgara kI padmAvatI se kiyA, jisase ekamAtra putra ghanazyAma hue| rAnI ne mathurA meM inake nivAsa hetu eka bhavya vAstu kA nirmANa karAyA, jo satagharA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| san 1542 meM durgAvatI ne AcArya ko apanI rAjadhAnI gaDhA maMDalA meM AmaMtrita kara unakA sammAna kiyaa| saM. 1587 meM AcArya vallabha ke mahAprayANa ke pazcAt unake jyeSTha putra gopInAthajI sAMpradAyika gaddI ke uttarAdhikArI hue, kintu kucha hI varSoM meM unakI lIlA samApta huI gopInAtha jI kI vidhavA ne apane putra puruSottama ko gaddI kA adhikArI krvaayaa| kRSNadAsa ne bhI puruSottamaka kA hI pakSa liyaa| matabheda hone ke kAraNa zrInAthajI kA hohI darzana viTThalanAtha ke liye baMda ho gayA dukhI hokara ye pArasolI cale gae aura vahIM se nAthadvArA ke maMdira meM jharokhe kI ora dekhA karate the / isI viyoga- kAla meM inhoMne 'vijJapti' kI racanA kI, jo AdhyAtmika kAvya kI dRSTi se eka suMdara graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| kahate haiM ki mathurA ke 'hAkima' kI AjJA se jaba kRSNadAsa baMdI banA liye gae, to inhoMne dukhita hokara anna-jala kA tyAga kara diyaa| kRSNadAsa ke mukta kiye jAne para hI bhojana grahaNa kiyaa| isa udAttatA se prabhAvita kRSNadAsa ne inake uttarAdhikAra ko svIkAra kara liyA / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir puSTi-saMpradAya kI graMtha saMpadA vRddhi, Arthika srota- vRddhi, vistAra evaM vyAkhyA sabhI kA saba zreya inhIM kA hai| ye bar3e vidvAn tathA AdhyAtmika vibhUti the| bAdazAha akabara tathA usake pradhAna darabArI rAjA ToDaramala, rAjA bIrabala prabhRti se inakI ghaniSTha mitratA thI isI vyaktitva ke vazIbhUta hokara akabara ne gokula tathA govardhana kI bhUmi inheM bheTa kara dI thii| isa saMbaMdhI do zAsakIya pharmAna Aja bhI milate haiM / tadanusAra braja maMDala meM gaueM carAne Adi aneka karoM kI mAphI kA hukma gosAI viTThalanAthajI koM bAdazAha kI ora se prApta huA thA / bAdazAha kI ora se inheM nyAyAdhIza ke adhikAra bhI prApta the / - - inhoMne apane pitA AcArya vallabha ke graMthoM kA gUDha nahIM samajhAyA, pratyuta navIna graMthoM kI racanA kara vallabha saMpradAya ke sAhitya kI vRddhi kii| inake graMtha prauDha, yuktipUrNa evaM vivecanAmaMDita haiN| mukhya graMthoM ke nAma haiM- (1) aNu-bhASya-aMtima DeDha adhyAyoM kI racanA dvArA apane pitA ke apUrNa graMtha kI pUrti kI, (2) vidvanDana, (3) bhakti-haMsa (4) bhakti-nirNaya, (5) nibaMdha prakAza TIkA, (6) subodhinI TippaNI aura (7) zrRMgAra rs-mNddn| graMthoM kI kula saMkhyA 46 batAyI jAtI hai| saMskRta vAGmaya koza For Private and Personal Use Only graMthakAra khaNDa / 449

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AcArya-pada para AsIna hone ke pazcAt inhoMne bhramaNa kara apane mata kA vipula pracAra kiyaa| vizeSataH gujarAta meM vallabha-saMpradAya ke vizeSa pracAra kA zreya viTThalanAtha ko hI hai, jinhoMne isa kArya hetu gujarAta kI 6 bAra yAtrA kI evaM usa pradeza meM vistRta bhramaNa kiyaa| isa saMpradAya meM Aja jo sevApaddhati vyavasthita rUpa se dikhAI detI hai, usakA zreya bhI viTThalanAtha ko hI hai| ___ inakI putra-saMpatti bhI vipula thii| inake 7 putra hue aura una sAtoM ko bhagavAn ke 7 rUpoM kI sevA tathA arcanA kA adhikAra dekara inhoMne apane saMpradAya ke vistAra tathA parivartana kI samucita vyavasthA kii| vallabha saMpradAya meM inheM kRSNa kA avatAra mAnA jAtA hai| viTThalanAthajI jisa prakAra dharma ke AcArya, zAstroM ke prakAMDa paMDita tathA mugala zAsana ke nyAyAdhIza the, usI prakAra braja-bhASA ke mahanIya unnAyaka bhI the| inake pitA AcArya vallabha ke samaya taka braja bhASA asaMskRta, aparimArjita aura sAhitya ke kSetra se bahirbhUta bhASA thii| paraMtu Apake pitA tathA Apake satata udyoga evaM protsAhana ke bala para vaha sarvamAnya sAhityika bhASA bnii| braja bhASA kI vartamAna sAhitya samaddhi kA zreya bhI Apa donoM ko prApta hai| "aSTachApa" ke kaviyoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha sUradAsa, paramAnaMdadAsa, kuMbhanadAsa tathA kRSNadAsa Apake pitA vallabha ke ziSya the, to naMdadAsa, caturbhujadAsa, chIta svAmI aura goviMdadAsa Apake ziSya the| viTThalanAtha ke AdhyAtmika caritra kA prabhAva, tatkAlIna zAsakoM evaM zAsanAdhikAriyoM para par3e binA na raha skaa| bAdazAha akabara para inakA prabhAva vizeSa pddaa| isI prakAra Apake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara rAjA ToDaramala, rAjA bIrabala, rAjA mAnasiMha, saMgItasamrATa tAnasena, gaDhA kI rAnI durgAvatI, rAjA rAmacaMdra prabhRti inake ziSya bane the| phira bhI ye baDI udAra prakRti ke hone ke kAraNa, rAjA se raMka taka inakI dRSTi samabhAvena sabhI para paDatI rhii| sa. 1647 (= 1590 I.) kI mAgha zukla saptamI ko "rAjabhoga" ke pazcAt Apa govardhana kI kaMdarA meM praviSTa ho nitya lIlA meM lIna ho ge| inake jyeSTha putra giridharajI ne inheM vaisA karane se rokanA cAhA, kintu inakA uttarIya vastra hI unake hAtha laga skaa| usI vastra se uttara kriyA karane kA Adeza dekara ye aMtardhAna ho ge| usa samaya "aSTachApa" ke anyatama kavi evaM inake ziSya caturbhujadAsa vahAM para upasthita the| ___ gosAI viTThalanAtha jI kA jIvana-caritra, bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ke lIlA-sauMdarya kA darzana bodha hai| (unake puSTi-mArgI siddhAnta meM mAnavatA ke samasta guNoM kI bhAvanA sannihita hai| unakA saMpradAya kAvya, citrakalA Adi vividha kalAoM ke sphUrtidAtA tathA protsAhaka rhaa| AcArya vallabha dvArA praNIta vaiSNava jana kI paribhASA me ___jAti, dharma athavA upAsanA-paddhati kI vibhinnatA, koI matabheda upasthita nahIM karatI thii| isa liye unake suputra viTThalanAthajI se alIkhAna, tAnasena, rasakhAna, tAjabIbI jaise musalamAnoM ne bhI vaiSNava dIkSA lI thii| vidyAkara - I. 12 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / "kavIndra-vacana-samuccara" ke sNklnkrtaa| baMgAla ke jagaddala maTha meM nivAsa / vidyAtIrtha - I. 14 vIM shtii| ye mAdhavavarmA va sAyaNAcArya ke vidyAguru tathA vijayanagara ke rAjA ke AdhyAtmika guru the| ye tridaMDI svAmI tathA zRMgerIpITha ke zaMkarAcArya the| vidyAtIrtha ne "rudrapraznabhASya" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| zRMgerI meM vijayanagara ke samrATa bukkarAya ke sahayoga se mAdhavAcArya ne vidyAtIrtha-maMdira banavAkara usameM unakI mUrti pratiSThApita kii| vidyAdhara - kAvyazAstra ke aacaary| samaya-I. 13-14 vIM shtii| inhoMne "ekAvalI" nAmaka kAvyazAstrIya graMtha kI racanA kI hai jisameM kAvya ke dazAMgoM kA varNana hai aura ve utkala-nareza narasiMha kI prazasti meM likhe gaye haiN| isakA prakAzana (zrI. trivedI racita bhamikA va TippaNI ke sAtha) maMbaI saMskata sIrIja se huA hai| vidyAdhara ne "kelirahasya" nAmaka kAma-zAstrIya graMtha kI bhI racanA kI hai| vidyAdhara - I. 17 vIM shtii| racanA- "prtinaissdh"| zrIharSa ke "naiSadha" mahAkAvya se preraNA lekara isa kAvya kI racanA huii| inake sahakArI kA nAma thA lakSmaNa / vidyAnidhi - I. 17 vIM zatI ke sNnyaasii-pNddit| inhoMne aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| inake samaya meM kAzI va prayAga jAne vAle yAtriyoM para mugala zAsakoM ne bhArI kara lagAyA thA jise Apane baMda krvaayaa| zAhajahAM ne inakI vidvattA se prabhAvita hokara inheM "sarvavidyAnidhi" kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyaa| kalakattA kI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI meM inheM diye mAnapatra abhI bhI surakSita haiN| ina kAvyamaya mAnapatroM kA saMgraha prakAzita huA hai| vidyAdhara zAstrI (paM) - janma 8 agasta, 1901, mRtyu 24 pharavarI 1983 | gauDa braahmnn| pitA- devIprasAda zAstrI (vidyaavaacspti)| pitAmaha-haranAmadatta shaastrii| curU grAma meM jnm| inakI zikSA rAmagaDha, bhivANI aura lAhaura meM huii| DUMgara kAleja, bIkAnera meM saMskRta-vibhAgAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM kArya karate hue Apa san 1956 meM sevAnivRtta hue| usake bAda jIvana-paryanta, bIkAnera ke eka zodha saMsthAna meM nidezaka pada para kArya karate rhe| saMskRta-bhASA aura sAhitya ke vikAsa ke lie kI gaI viziSTa sevAoM ke kAraNa, rASTrapati dvArA Apako sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| utkRSTa sAhitya sarjana ke lie rAjasthAna sAhitya akAdamI dvArA Apako sammAnita kiyA 450 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - prathakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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gyaa| vidyAdhara zAstrI ne aneka prakAra ke kAvyoM, nATakoM evaM pracAra dakSiNa meM adhika hai| isakA prakAzana muMbaI saMskRta stotroM kA praNayana kiyaa| ve haiM- 1) vaicitrya-laharI, 2) sIrIja se huA hai| sahitya ke kSetra meM vidyAnAtha kA yaha mattalaharI, 3) lIlAlaharI, 4) vidyAdhara-nItiratnam, 5) eka navIna upakrama thA, jisakA anukaraNa Aja taka hotA haranAmAmRtam (mahAkAvya), 6) zivapuSpAMjali (stotra), 7) A rahA hai| anya racanAeM- pratAparudrakalyANam (nATaka) aura AnaMdamaMdAkinI, 8) anubhavazatakam, 9) vikramAbhyudaya (caMpU), hemanta-tilaka (bhaann)| 10) kAvyavATikA, 11) vizvamAnavIya, 12) himAdrimAhAtmya, vidyAraNya - I. 14 vIM shtaabdii| inakA pUrvanAma mAdhavAcArya 13) sUryaprArthanA, 14) satyasandohinI, 15) kalipalAyana, 16) thaa| inhoMne harihara va bukka ina do saradAroM ko zuddha kara hiMda pUrNAnanda, 17) durbalabala (tInoM nATaka), 18) nItikalpataru, dharma meM vApasa liyA aura unakI sahAyatA se vijayanagara kA 19) nItikalpalatA, 20) nItikAvya, 21) nIticandrikA, 22) rAjya sthApita kiyaa| 30 varSoM taka ve vijayanagara ke pradhAnamaMtrI nItidviSaSThikA, 23) nItinavaratnamAlA, 24) nIti-pradIpa, 25) the| san 1380 meM zRMgerIpITha ke zaMkarAcArya bhAratItIrtha ke nIti-maMjarI, 26) nItimAlA, 27) nItirahasya, 28) nidhana ke bAda, usa pITha kA AcArya-pada inhIM ko prApta nIti-rAmAyaNa, 29) nItilatA, 30) nIti-vAkyAmRta, 31) huaa| inakA vedAnta viSayaka "paMcadazI" nAmaka graMtha atyaMta nIti-vilAsa, 32) nItizAstra-samuccaya, 33) nIti-kusumAvalI, mahattvapUrNa hai| aparacanA-saMgItasAraH (aprApya) 34) niitirtn| vidyAlaMkAra bhaTTAcArya - vijayinIkAvyam" meM Apane rAnI vidyAnanda - krnaattkvaasii| jainadharmI nandisaMgha ke brAhmaNakulIna vhikToriyA kA caritra grathana kiyA hai| aacaary| vAdirAja Adi AcAryoM dvArA ullikhit| samaya I. vidyAvAgIza - AsAma nareza pramattasiMha (1744-51 I.) ke 8-9 vIM shtaabdii| gaMganareza zivabhATa dvitIya (I. 9 vIM zatI) maMtrI gaMgAdhara baDaphUkana dvArA sammAnita / pitA- AcArya paMcAnana / tathA rAcamalla satyavAkya-prathama (I. 10 vIM zatI) ke zrIkRSNa-prayANa nAmaka aMkiyA nATaka ke rcyitaa| smkaaliin| racanAeM- (1) svataMtra graMtha AptaparIkSA vidyAsAgara muni - prakriyAmaMjarI nAmaka vyAkaraNaviSayaka (svopajJavRttisahita) pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, satyazAsanaparIkSA, kAzikA TIkA ke lekhk| isa TIkA ke do hastalikhita zrIpurapArzvanAtha-stotra, vidyaannd-mhody| (2) (TIkA graMtha) upalabdha hai| aSTasahastrI, tattvArtha-zlokavArtika aura yuktynushaasnaalNkaar| vidhuzekhara bhaTTAcArya zAstrI (ma.ma.) - samayaina kRtiyoM para pUrvapartI graMthakAra samantabhadra, siddhasena, pAtrasvAmI, 1877-1946 ii.| janma kAlIvATI (baMgAla) meN| bhaTTAkalaMka, kumArasena Adi AcAryoM kA prabhAva dRSTigocara pitA-trailokyanAtha bhttttaacaary| 1897 meM kAzI jAkara kailAzacandra hotA hai| isI taraha mANikyanandi, vAdirAja, prabhAcaMdra, abhayadeva, tarkaziromaNi se vividha viSayoM (vizeSakara nyAya) kA adhyayana devasUri Adi AcArya vidyAnaMda se prabhAvita haiN| kiyaa| san 1904 meM "mitragoSThI' meM prakAzita huI inakI vidyAnandI - balAtkAragaNa kI sUrata zAkhA ke saMsthApaka anya racanAeM isa prakAra haiM : durgAsaptazatI, bharatacarita, devendrakIrti ke shissy| maMdiramUrti prtisstthaapk| jaati-pokhaadd| umApariNaya, harizcandra-carita (mahAkAvya), cittavilAsa pitaa-hriraaj| kAryakSetra-gajarAta aura rAjasthAna / samaya- vi.saM. (khaNDakAvya). apatyavikraya, kSatkathA. dInakanyakA Adi kahAniyAM 1499-1538| racanAeM- sudarzanacarita (1362 zloka) aura aura jayaparAjayama candraprabhA (upanyAsa) va milindrapraznAH (prAkRta sukumaalcrit| tatkAlIna aneka rAjAoM dvArA smmaanit| milinda panhoM kA anuvAda) vidyAnaMdI - I. 9 vIM zatI ke eka jaina aacaary| inhoMne vinayacandra - vinayacandra nAma ke aneka vidvAna hue haiN| eka akalaMkadeva kI "aSTazatI" para "aSTasAhastrI" nAmaka TIkA ve haiM jo raviprabhasari ke ziSya haiN| samaya vi.saM. 1300 ke likhii| isake alavA tattvArthazlokavArtika, yuktyanuzAsanAlaMkAra, lgbhg| graMtha-mallinAtha-carita, munisuvratanAtha-carita aura AptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA va satyazAsana Adi graMthoM / paarshvnaath-crit| dUsare ve haiM jo AdinAtha-carita ke racayitA kI racanA bhI inhoMne kI hai| haiN| samaya- vi. saM. 1474 / tIsare- ratnasiMha sUri ke ziSya vidyAnAtha - samaya- I. 14 vIM shtii| mUla nAma agastya / haiN| I. 14 vIM shtii)| graMtha-kAlakAcAryakathA, paryuSaNakalpa kAvyazAstra ke aacaary| "pratAparudrayazobhUSaNa" yA "pratAparudrIya" aura tantradIpamAlikAkalpa / isa nAma ke aura bhI vidvAn hue haiN| nAmaka kAvyazAstrIya graMtha ke prnnetaa| AMdhra pradeza ke kAkatIya vinaya-vijayagaNi - "iMdudUta" nAmaka saMdeza-kAvya ke praNetA / rAjA pratAparudra ke Azrita-kavi, jinakI prazaMsA meM inhoMne samaya- 18 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / vaizya-kulotpanna zreSThI tejaHpAla "pratAparudrIya" ke udAharaNoM kI racanA kI hai| inake "pratAparudrIya" ke putr| dIkSAguru-vijayaprabha suuriishvr| inakA eka adhUrA para kumArasvAmI kRta ratnAyaNa-TIkA milatI hai| "ratnazANa" kAvya-graMtha "zrIpAlarAsa" bhI prApta hotA hai jise inake mitra nAmaka anya apUrNa TIkA bhI prApta hotI hai| isa graMtha kA yazovijayajI ne pUrA kiyaa| inhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta va gujarAtI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 451 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra meM lagabhaga 35 graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| saMskRta graMthoM ke nAma isa prakAra hai- zrIkalpasUtra-subodhikA, lokaprakAza, hemalaghuprakriyA, zAMtasudhArasa jinasaharunAma stotra, hemaprakAza, nayakarNikA, Satriyat- jalpasaMgraha, arhannamaskAra-stotra, aura Adijinastavana / "iMdudUta" kA prakAzana zrI jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA, zivapura (pazcima khAnadeza, mahArASTra) se huA hai isa saMdeza kAvya kI racanA "meghadUta" ke anukaraNa para kI hai, kiMtu naitika va dhArmika tattvoM kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa inhoMne eka sarvathA navIna viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| vinAyakabhaTTa samaya-I. 19 vIM zatI racanA AjacandrikA viSaya- aMgrejI sAmrAjya ke vaibhava kA varNana / - vibudha zrIdhara - samaya I. 15 vIM zatI / kAryakSetra - rAjasthAna / racanA- bhaviSyadata paMcamI kathA isakI racanA lambakaMcukkula ke prasiddha sAhU lakSmaNa kI preraNA se huI / vimrAjasaurya Rgveda ke dasaveM maNDala ke 117 veM sUkta ke draSTA / isameM sUrya kI stuti kI gayI hai| isa sUkta kI cauthI RcA meM kahA gayA hai ki vizvarakSaka va devarakSaka sUrya apane teja se trailokya kA poSaNa karatA hai| - vimada aiMdra prAjApatya Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala meM 20 se 26 taka sUktoM kI racanA inakI mAnI jAtI hai| inheM anukRta vAsuka bhI kahA jAtA hai apane sUtoM meM inhoMne agni, indra, soma va pUrvA kI stuti kI hai / www.kobatirth.org Rgveda meM vimada kA ullekha indra va prajApati ke mAnasaputra ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| purumitra kI putrI kamadyU inakI patnI thii| usane svayaMvara meM inake gale meM varamAlA DAlI to vahAM upasthita anya rAjAoM ne inake sAtha yuddha kiyA / azvidevatAoM ke sahayoga se ye yuddha meM vijayI hue| vimalakumAra jaina kalakattA ke nivAsI / racanAeMrakSAbandhanazataka / vIra-paMcAzatkA gaNezapaMcaviMzatikA, munidvAtriMzatkA, dravyadIpikA aura gAndhivAdASTaka / - - vimaladAsa vIragrAma ke nivAsI / anantasena ke ziSya / taMjaura nagara inakA kAryakSetra thA / samaya-I. 17 vIM zatI / graMtha - saptamaMtrataraMgiNI ( 800 zloka ) / - vimalamati samaya vi. saM. 702 ke lagabhaga / bhartRhari upAdhi racanA bhAgavRtti, jo pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI para kAzikA ke samAna prAmANika vRtti hai| lekhaka bauddha sampradAya meM prasiddha vyakti / saMpUrNa grantha anupalabdha / kisI zrIdhara ne isa bhAgavRtti para vyAkhyA likhI thI, vaha bhI aprApya hai| trirUpa aMgirasa Rgveda ke AThave maMDala ke 43, 44 va 75 veM sUktoM ke draSTA / inheM aMgirA kA putra kahA gayA hai| inake tInoM sUkta agni kI stuti meM hai| virUpAkSakavi "colacampU" va "zivavilAsacampU" nAmaka 452 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa - 1 kAvyoM ke praNetA "colacampU" ke saMpAdaka DA. zrI. rAghavan ke anusAra virUpAkSa kA anumAnita samaya I. 17 vIM zatAbdI hai pitA zivaguru mAtA gomatI kauzika gotrIya braahmnn| "colacampU" kA prakAzana, madrAsa gavarnameMTa oriyaMTala sIrIja ( aura sarasvatI mahala sIrIja taMjaura ) se ho cukA hai| "zivavilAsacampU" kA prakAzana abhI taka nahIM huA hai I isakA vivaraNa taMjaura kaiTalAga 4160 meM prApta hotA hai| "zivavilAsa - campU" meM virUpAkSa ne apanA paricaya diyA hai| vilinAtha - I. 17 vIM zatI (pUrvArdha) pitA-kanaka sabhApati / cola pradeza ke viSNupura nAmaka agrahAra meM jnm| yajJanArAyaNa ke prapautra / racanA- "madanamaMjarI mahotsava" nAmaka pAMca aMkI kapaTanATaka / vivri kAzyapa Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 163 veM sUkta ke draSTA / isa anuSTubh chaMdobaddha sUkta kA viSaya hai roganAza / inakI eka RcA isa prakAra hai : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir akSIbhyAM te nAsikAbhyAM karNAbhyAM chubukAdadhi / yakSmaM zIrSaNyaM mastiSkAjjihvAyA vi vRhAmi te / / arthAt, he rogI, mai terI AMkhoM, kAna, nAka, jIbha aura mastiSka ke rogoM ko dUra karatA huuN| vizAkhadatta (vizAkhadeva ) samaya prAyaH I. 6 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / ekamAtra prasiddha racanA "mudrArAkSasa' upalabdha hai| anya kRtiyoM kI kevala sUcanA prApta hotI hai, jinameM "devIcaMdraguptam" nAmaka nATaka pramukha hai| isa nATaka ke uddharaNa "nATyadarpaNa " va " zrRMgAraprakAza" nAmaka kAvyazAstrIya graMthoM meM prApta hote haiN| isameM vizAkhadatta ne dhruvasvAminI va caMdragupta ke praNaya prasaMga kA varNana kiyA hai aura caMdragupta ke bar3e bhAI rAmagupta kI kAyaratA prastuta kI hai| "mudrArAkSasa' meM saMgharSamaya rAjanItika jIvana kI kathA kahI gayI hai tathA cANakya, caMdragupta va rAkSasa ke caritra ko nATaka kA varNya viSaya banAyA gayA hai| - For Private and Personal Use Only "mudrArAkSasa" kI prastAvanA meM apane bAre meM jo likhA hai, vahI inase saMbaMdhita vivaraNa kA prAmANika AdhAra hai| tadanusAra ye sAmaMta vaTezvaradana ke pautra the, aura inake pitA kA nAma pRthu thA / pRthu ko "mahArAja" kI upAdhi prApta thI tathA inake pitAmaha sAmaMta the kiMtu ina vyaktiyoM kA vivaraNa anyatra prApta nahIM hotaa| inake samaya nirUpaNa ke bAre meM bhI vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| "mudrArAkSasa" ke bharatavAkya meM caMdragupta kA ullekha hai, para katipaya pratiyoM meM caMdragupta ke sthAna para daMtivarmA, avaMtivarmA va raMtivarmA kA nAma milatA hai| vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki saMbhavataH avaMtivarmA maukharI-nareza hoM, jinake putra ne harSa kI bahana se vivAha kiyA thA / inheM kAzmIra- nareza bhI mAnA gayA hai, jinakA samaya 855-883 I. taka hai / yAkobI " mudrArAkSasa" meM ullikhita grahaNa kA samaya, jyotiSa gaNanA ke anusAra, dinAMka 2 disaMbara 860 I. mAnate

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haiN| yAkobI kA yaha mata hai ki rAjA ke maMtrI zUra dvArA isa graam| ye kucha kAla navAnagara ke jAma zatruzAlya ke Azraya nATaka kA abhinaya karAyA gayA thA para isake saMbaMdha meM koI meM rhe| vahAM inhoMne "zatruzalyacarita" nAmaka mahAkAvya rthaa| pramANa prApta nahIM hotaa| DA. kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla, sTena bAda meM mevADa ke rAvalavaMzI rAjA jagatsiMha ke Azraya meM kono aura esa. zrIkaMTha zAstrI ne vizAkhadatta ko caMdragupta rahakara unakI prazaMsA meM "jagatprakAza" nAmaka 14 sargoM kA dvitIya kA samakAlIna mAnA hai| (samaya- 375-413 ii.)| kAvya rcaa| cApeMTiyara inheM aMtima guptavaMziyoM meM se samudragupta kA samakAlIna "kozakalpataru" inakA pramukha graMtha hai jo vibhinna viSayoM mAnate haiN| kItha ke anusAra isakA samaya I. 9 vIM zatI evaM vargoM kA koza hai| prathama khaMDa meM paramAtmavarga, svarga-varga, hai| caMdragupta ko guptavaMzI rAjA mAnane vAle kono, inheM vyoma-varga, kalAvarga, dhIvarga va nATyavarga Adi prakaraNa haiN| kAlidAsa kA kaniSTha samasAmayika mAnate haiN| dUsare khaMDa meM vanauSadhi varga kI carcA hai jisameM vana-upavana, "dazakarUpaka" va "sarasvatIkaMThAbharaNa' meM "mudrArAkSasa" ke / phala-phUla, auSadhiyoM Adi kI jAnakArI dI gayI hai| uddhAraNa prApta hote haiN| ina do graMthoM kA racanA kAla I. 10 vizvanAtha kavirAja - utkala ke pratiSThita paMDita-kula meM vIM yA 11 vIM zatI hai| ataH "mudrArAkSasa" kA sthitikAla jnm| pitA-caMdrazekhara, jinhoMne "puSpamAlA" va "bhASArNava" I. 9 vIM zatI se pUrva nizcita hotA hai| nAmaka graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA thaa| unake ina graMthoM kA saMprati vidvAnoM kA bahusaMkhyaka samudAya, vizAkhadatta kA ullekha "sAhitya-darpaNa" meM hai| inake pitA vidvAn, kavi va samaya chaThI zatI kA uttarArdha svIkAra karane ke pakSa meM haiN| sAMdhivigrahika the| nArAyaNa nAmaka vidvAn inake pitAmaha yA "mudrArAkSasa' kI racanA, vizAkhadatta ne chaThI zatI ke aMtima vRddhapitAmaha the| inakA samaya 1200 I. se lekara 1350 I. caraNa meM aura kannoja ke maukharI-nareza avaMtivarmA kI hUNoM ke madhya hai, kyoMki inake sAhitya-darpaNa meM (4-4) jisa para prApta vijaya ke upalakSya meM kI thii| vAstava meM samasta alAvadIna nRpati kA varNana hai, usa dillI ke bAdazAha saMskRta nATya-sAhitya meM kevala vizAkhadatta hI eka aisA allAuddIna khilajI kA samaya 1296 I. se 1316 I. taka thaa| nATakakAra hai jisane paraMparAgata rUDhiyoM kA sammAna nahIM kiyaa| ye kavi, nATakakAra va saphala AcArya the| inhoMne usane samasta saiddhAntika paraMparAgata rUDhiyoM kA ullaMghana kiyA hai| rAghava-vilAsa (saMskRta mahAkAvya) kuvalayAzvacarita (prAkRta vizvaka kArSNi - Rgveda ke AThave maMDala ke 86 veM kAvya), prabhAvatI-pariNaya va caMdrakalA (nATikA), sUktoM ke drssttaa| isameM azvinIkumAra kI stuti jagatI chaMda meM prazasti-ratnAvalI kAvyaprakAza-darpaNa (kAvya-prakAza kI TIkA) kI gayI hai| vizvaka, kRSNa AMgirasa ke putra the, ataH inheM va sAhitya darpaNa nAmaka graMthoM kA praNayana kiyA thaa| inakI kArSNi kahA jAne lgaa| Rgveda meM isa bAta kA ullekha kIrti kA stambha, ekamAtra sAhityadarpaNa hI hai, jo sabhI alaMkAra AyA hai ki azvinIkumAra kI kRpA se hI ye apane khoye zAstraviSayaka pramukha graMthoM meM hai| isa para cAra TIkAeM likhI hue putra viSNApu ko punaH pA ske| gaI haiN| kavirAja (mahApAtra) vizvanAtha, rasavAdI AcArya haiN| vizvakarmA zAstrI - pitA-dAmodara vijny| pitaamh-bhiimsen|| inhoMne rasa ko hI kAvya kI AtmA mAnA hai aura usakA racanA-prakriyAvyAkRtiH (prakriyAkaumudI kI ttiikaa)| svataMtra rUpa se vivecana kiyA hai| vizvanAtha - I. 17 vIM shtii| racanA- "nyAyasUtravRttiH" (gautama vizvanAtha cakravartI - I. 17 vIM sadI kA uttarArdha va 18 ke nyAyasUtra kI ttiikaa)| vIM sadI kA prathama caraNa! gauDIya vaiSNavoM ke avAMtarakAlIna vizvanAtha - trimAladeva kA putra / I. 18 vIM shtii| Andhra AcAryoM meM prdhaantm| gauDIya SaTgosvAmiyoM ke tirodhAna ke pradeza ke godAvarI jile ke nivaasii| jIvana kA adhika kAla pazcAta brajadhAma kI mahimA ko akSaNNa banAye rakhane kA zreya kAzI meM vyatIta kiyaa| racanA- mRgaangklekhaa| zrI. cakravartI ko prApta hai| inhoMne tapasyA evaM graMtha-nirmANa vizvanAtha - (1) I. 16 vIM zatI ke eka TIkAkAra / taittirIya dvArA paraMparA ke sUtra ko vicchinna hone se bcaayaa| zAkhA ke bhAradvAja gotrI brAhmaNa va golagrAmastha divAkara ke baMgAla meM janma tathA shikssit| vizvanAtha ne vairAgya dhAraNa putr| inhoMne sUryasiddhAnta para udAharaNarUpa aneka TIkAeM likhI kara vRMdAvana ko apanA sAdhanAsthala banAyA aura vahIM rAdhAkuMDa haiN| inake 18 TIkAgraMtha haiN| inameM kucha nAma haiM : gahanaprakAzikA ke samIpa raha kara apane adhikAMza graMthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| TIkA, siddhAntaziromaNi TIkA, karaNakutUhala TIkA, makaraMda ___SaTgosvAmiyoM dvArA viracita graMtha, sAmAnya janoM kI samajha ke TIkA, grahalAghavaTIkA, pAtasAraNI TIkA aura sAmataMtra-prakAzikA bAhara the| vizvanAtha ne una para TIkAeM likha kara, unheM ttiikaa| sarala-subodha bnaayaa| inake dvArA praNIta TIkAeM bahumUlya haiN| ___ (2) I. 17 vIM zatI ke eka saMskRta koshkaar| inhoMne inhoMne apanI bhAgavata TIkA kA racanAkAla TIkA ke aMta meM atri gotrI brAhmaNa kula meM janma liyaa| janmasthAna- devalapaTTaNa diyA hai| tadanusAra isa TIkA kA nirmANa kAla hai 1626 saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 453 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zaka (= 1704 ii.)| eka prAcIna graMtha meM inakA prakaTa-kAla zakAbda 1565 se lekara 1652 zaka hai| yadi yaha nirdeza prAmANika ho, to vizvanAthajI 87 varSoM taka jIvita rhe| jo kucha bhI ho, kiMtu inakI bhAgavata-TIkA, inakI prauDha avasthA kI racanA avazya hai| phalataH inakA sthitikAla, I. 17 vIM sadI kA uttarArdha evaM 18 vIM sadI kA prathama caraNa mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai| inakI bhAgavata kI TIkA kA nAma hai- saaraarth-drshinii|| baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa inake paTTa ziSya the jinhoMne vaiSNavAnaMdinI nAmaka bhAgavata-TIkA kA praNayana kiyaa| anya kRtiyAM- zrIkRSNa-bhAvanAmRta, nikuMja-kelibirudAvalI, gaurAMga-lIlAmRta, ca camatkAra-candrikA, Ananda-candrikA nAmaka TIkA (ujjvala-nIlamaNi para) tathA alaMkArakaustubha para sArabodhinI nAmaka ttiikaa| vizvanAtha paMcAnana (bhaTTAcArya) - samaya I. 17 vIM shtii| vaizoSika darzana ke prasiddha vaMgadezIya AcArya / navadvIpa (baMgAla) ke navyanyAya-pravartaka raghunAtha ziromaNi ke guru vAsudeva sArvabhauma ke anuja ratnAkara vidyAvAcaspati ke pautr| pitA-kAzInAtha vidyAnivAsa, jo apane samaya ke prasiddha vidvAn the| vizvanAtha paMcAnana ne nyAyavaizoSika para do graMthoM kI racanA kI hai; bhASApariccheda va nyaaysuutrvRtti| bhASApariccheda, vaizeSika darzana kA atyadhika lokapriya graMtha hai| "bhASApariccheda" para dinakarI, rAmarudrI, maMjUSA Adi TIkAeM prasiddha haiN| "nyAyasUtravRtti" kI racanA 1631 I. huI thii| isameM nyAyasUtroM kI sarala vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai| anya racanAeM- alaMkArapariSkAra, navAda - TIkA, padArtha-tattvAloka, nyAyataMtrabodhinI, subarthatattvAloka (vyAkaraNazAstra) aura piMgalaprakAza (chaMdaHzAstra) / vizvanAtha mizra - I. kI 20 vIM shtii| ema.e. tathA AcArya / pUrvI u.pra. ke nivaasii| zArdUla vidyApITha (bIkAnera) meM praacaary| kRtiyAM- kalikautuka, vAmanavijaya (ekAMkI) tathA kavisammelana (bAlocita laghu prhsn)| vizvanAtha satyanArAyaNa (padmabhUSaNa) - samaya- I. 20 vIM shtii| janma nandamurU graam| jilA kRSNA, Andhra pradeza meM / pitA- vizvanAtha zobhanAdri / zikSA-ema.e. sAhityazAstra AcArya / telagu meM raciMta "zrIrAmAyaNa-kalpavRkSa" para jJAnapITha puraskAra / inake "veyi padagallu' upanyAsa para madrAsa vi.vi. dvArA puraskAra / "kavi-samrATa' kI upAdhi se alNkRt| Andhra pradeza zAsana ke AjIvana raajkvi| guNTUra meM prathama telagu paNDita, bAda meM vyaakhyaataa| anta meM karImanagara mahAvidyAlaya ke praacaary| "padmabhUSaNa' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita / kRtiyAM- guptapAzupata tathA amRtazarmiSThA nAmaka do saMskRta naattk| tamila meM inakI zatAdhika racanAeM haiN| vizvanAtha siddhAntapaMcAnana - I. 18 vIM shtii| vidyAnivAsa bhaTTAcArya ke putr| bNgaalnivaasii| sUkti-muktAvalI nAmaka subhASita-saMgraha ke krtaa| vizvanAthasiMha - baghela vaMzIya riivaa-nresh| 19 vIM shtii| racanA-rAmacandrAhnikam (sttiik)| vizvamanas vaiyazva - Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke 23 se 26 taka ke cAra sUktoM kI racanA inake nAma hai| vyazva ke putra hone ke kAraNa vaiyazva yaha nAma paitRka rUpa se milaa| ye indra ke mitra haiN| inhoMne dhanaprApti ke liye varosuSAman se prArthanA kI hai kintu sayANAcArya ke matAnusAra varosuSAman kisI vyakti kA nAma nhiiN| apane ukta cAra sUktoM meM inhoMne kramazaH agni, indra, mitravaruNa va azvinau kI stuti kI hai| 24 veM sUkta meM inhoMne kahA hai ki manuSya ke zarIra meM 9 prANa aura 10 vAM AtmArUpI indra vAsa karate haiN| saptasindhu pradeza kA ullekha bhI isI sUkta meM hai| vizvavArA - eka vaidika suuktdrssttaa| Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala kA 28 vAM sUkta inake nAma para hai| sUkta meM agni kI mahimA gAyI hai| vizvasAman Atreya - eka sUktadraSTA / atrikula meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa Atreya kahA gayA hai| Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke 22 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| sUkta kA viSaya hai agnistuti| vizvAmitra - Rgveda ke tIsare maMDala ke draSTA / inakA jIvana caritra baDA adbhuta rahA hai| varSAnuvarSa kaThora tapazcaryA karane vAle, trizaMku ko sadeha varga bhejane kI jida karane vAle, pratisRSTi nirmANa karane vAle, bali caDhAne ke liye lAye gaye zunaHzepa ko mukta kara apanI goda meM biThAne vAle, vasiSTha ke zataputroM kI hatyA karane vAle, dakSiNA ke liye harizcandra-tArAmatI ko satAne vAle, aise nAnAvidha rUpoM meM vizvAmitra kA jIvana-citra prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| inameM se kucha ghaTanAeM vaidika tathA kucha paurANika haiN| vedoM meM upalabdha jAnakArI ke anusAra vizvAmitra kA janma kSatriyakula meM kAnyakubja (kanoja) deza meM huaa| ye amAvasu-vaMza ke kuzika rAjA ke pote tathA gAthI ke putra the| inakA janma nAma vizvaratha thaa| jaba ye kSatriya se brAhmaNa bane taba inheM "vizvAmitra" kahA jAne lgaa| sudAs rAjA ne jaba vasiSTha ke sthAna para inheM rAjapurohita banAyA to vasiSTha ne ise apanA apamAna samajhA aura usI dina se vasiSTha aura vizvAmitra ke bIca vaimanasya paidA ho gyaa| vasiSTha ke putra zakti ne pitA ke apamAna kA badalA lene kI ThAnI aura sudAsa dvArA Ayojita yajJA-prasaMga para hue vAdavivAda meM zakti ne vizvAmitra ko parAjita kiyA, kintu vizvAmitra ne jamadagni se prApta sasarparI-vidyA kA sahArA lekara 454 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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zakti ko parAsta kiyA aura aMta meM sudAsa kI hatyA karavA dii| vasiSTha se vaimanasya ke sandarbha meM vizvAmitra ne kucha RcaaeN| likhI haiM jo "vasiSThadveSiNI" ke nAma se jAnI jAtI haiN| vasiSTha gotrI jana ina RcAoM kA pATha nahIM krte| durgAcArya nAmaka vasiSTha-gotrI bhASyakAra ne Rgveda ke apane bhASya meM una RcAoM ko achUta choDa diyaa| vizvAmitra ko apane kartRtva kA abhimAna thaa| eka RcA meM unakA yaha abhimAna jhalakatA hai "vizvAmitrasya rakSati brahmedaM bhArataM janam" - arthAt vizvAmitra kA yaha brahma (yAne sUkta) hI bhAratajanoM kI rakSA kara rahA hai| inake 100 putra the, jinameM se Adhe putroM ko apanI AjJA kI avahelanA karane para inhoMne zApa diyA jisase ve Age cala kara dasyu jamAta ke janaka bne| zunaHzeSa ko balivedI se mukta karAne kI gAthA se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki vizvAmitra narabali ke viruddha the| mahAbhArata aura purANoM meM varNita vizvAmitra sambandhI aneka ghaTanAoM ko vidvajjana atizayoktipUrNa mAnate haiN| (2) eka dhrmshaastrii| yAjJavalkya ne dharmazAstriyoM kI apanI sUcI meM inakA nAmollekha kiyA hai tathA aparArka, smRticandrikA, kAlaviveka Adi graMthoM meM inake aneka zloka uddharita kiye gaye haiN| ye zloka paMcamahApAtaka, zrAddha, prAyazcitta Adi viSayoM se sambandhita haiN| inakI dharma sambandhI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai : yamAryAH kriyamANaM tu shNsntyaagmvedinH| sa dharmoM yaM vigarhanti tamadharma pracakSate / / arthAt vedavettA AcArya jina kRtyoM kI prazaMsA karate hai| unheM dharma tathA jinakI niMdA karate hai unheM adharma kahate hai| inakI eka anya smRti zlokabaddha hai jisake 9 adhyAya hai| vizvAsa bhikSu - I. 14 vIM shtii| kAzI meM nivAsa / sAMkhya-pravacana-bhASya, sAMkhyasAra, yogavArtika, yogasArasaMgraha, brahmasUtrabhASyavijJAmRta, brahmAdarza, pAkhaNDamata-khaMDana, zvetAzvetaropaniSadbhASya Adi graMthoM kI racanA Apane kii| apane graMthoM meM Apane zaMkarAcAryajI ke anuyAyiyoM ko pAkhaMDI kahA hai aura unake advaita vedAnta mata kA khaMDana bhI kiyA hai| vizvezvara kavi - 18 vIM shtii| almoDA ke nivaasii| racanAeM- rukmiNI-pariNaya va navamAlikA nAmaka do ruupk| vizvezvara tarkAcArya - kAtantra vyAkaraNa kI paMjikA nAmaka vyAkhyA ke lekhk| isake alAvA jina prabhAsUri, rAmacaMdra aura kuzala kI paMjikA-vyAkhyA aprApya hai| vizvezvara dayAlu * I. 20 vIM shtii| iTAvA (u.pra.) ke nivaasii| cikitsk-cuuddaamnni| "anubhUta-yogamAlA' patrikA ke smpaadk| vaidya sammelana meM prAyaH adhyakSapada prApta / mukundalIlAmRta tathA prasannahanumannATaka ke prnnetaa| eka khyAtanAma deshbhkt| vizvezvaranAtha reU (ma.ma.) - jodhapura ke nivaasii| inhoMne vizvezvara-smRti evaM AryavidhAna Adi dharmazAstraviSayaka granthoM kI racanA kI hai| vizvezvara pANDeya - samaya- I. 18 vIM zatI kA prAraMbhika kaal| "alaMkArakaustubha", "vyAkaraNasiddhAMtasudhAnidhi" Adi prauDha graMthoM ke prnnetaa| 15 varSoM kI avasthA meM kAvyaracanA praarNbh| uttarapradeza ke aMtargata almoDA jile ke paTiyA nAmaka grAma ke nivaasii| pitA-lakSmIdhara / vyAkaraNa-siddhAnta -sudhAnidhi inakA ullekhanIya graMtha hai| nyAyazAstra para inhoMne "tarkakutUhala" va "dIdhiti-praveza" nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| sAhitya-zAstraviSayaka inake 5 graMtha haiM - alaMkArakaustubha, alaMkAramuktAvalI, alaMkArapradIpa, rasacaMdrikA va kavIMdrakaMThAbharaNa (citrkaavy)| inakA alaMkAra kaustubha graMtha eka asAdhAraNa racanA hai, jisa para inhoMne svayaM hI TIkA likhI thI jo rUpakAlaMkAra taka hI prApta hotI hai| ye eka acche kavi bhI the| inhoMne alaMkAroM para aneka svaracita sarasa udAharaNa apane graMthoM meM diye haiN| mRtyu ke samaya inakI Ayu 40 se kama thii| anya racanAeM- (upalabdha) - AryAsaptazatI, (citrakAvya), navamAlikA (nATikA), naiSadhIya TIkA, mandAramaMjarI (gadya), rasa-caMdrikA, rasa-maMjarI (TIkA), romAvalIzataka, lakSmI-vilAsa, vakSojazataka, zRMgAramaMjarI (saTTaka), holikAzataka (vinodapradhAna kAvya), kAvyaratna, rukmiNI-pariNayam (nATaka) Adi / anupalabdha graMtha - kAvyatilaka, tattvacintAmaNi-dIdhiti-praveza, tarkakutUhala, tArAsahasranAma-vyAkhyA, SaDRtuvarNana aura alaMkAra-kulapradIpa / vizvezvara paMDita - kaashmiirii| racanAeM - skandAstipraznAH (darzana zAstra) aura rnnviir-jnyaankosh|| vizvezvara bhaTTa - I. 14 vIM zatI ke eka dhrmshaastrii| ye kauzika gotrI pelibhaTTa ke putra the| mAtA-aMbikA / guru-vyAsAraNya muni| draviDa pradeza ke vaasii| vijJAnezvara kI mitAkSarA para "subodhinI" nAmaka bhASya graMtha likhaa| phira vizvezvara ne uttara kI ora prayANa kiyaa| yamunAtaTavartI pradeza ke madanapAla nAmaka kASTa-parivAra ke rAjA ne inheM Azraya diyaa| yahAM inhoMne madanapArijAta, tithi-nirNaya-sAra aura smRti-kaumudI nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA kii| madanapArijAta ke 9 stabaka haiM jinameM brahmacarya, gRhasthadharma, nityakarma, garbhAdhAna se Age ke saMskAra, janana maraNa zodha, zuddhi-kriyA, zrAddha, dAyabhAga va prAyazcitta kA vivecana hai| smRti-kaumudI ke cAra kallola haiM jinameM zUdra ke dharma, kartavya, AcAra Adi kA vivecana hai| vizvezvara vidyAbhUSaNa - caTTAlA nagarI (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| pitA-kRSNakAnta kvirtn| mAtA-kusumakAminI devii| kulaguruzrImanmahezacaMdra bhaTTAcArya / caTTala saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya se zikSA praapt| vahIM adhyaapk| pazcima baMgazikSAdhikAra sevA ke saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 455 For Private and Personal Use Only

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prAdhyApaka ke rUpa meM sevAnivRtta / sevAnivRtti ke pazcAt hagalI kA pracAra kiyaa| meM nivaas| abhinaya meM ruci| baMgalA aura saMskRta ke kaI ____ Avazyaka pramANoM ke abhAva meM viSNusvAmI ke deza aura nATakoM meM abhiny| kalakattA AkAzavANI se kaI racanAeM kAla kI nizciti abhI taka nahIM ho paaii| vaiSNava-saMpradAya prsaarit| meM prasiddhi hai ki viSNusvAmI draviDa pradeza ke kisI kSatriya kRtiyAM - vanaveNu (gItikAvya), maNimAlikA (kathA), rAjA ke brAhmaNa-maMtrI ke suputra the| vAlya-kAla se hI inakI kAvyakusumAMjali tathA gaMgAsura-taraMgiNI (khaNDakAvya) tathA 15 pravRtti adhyAtma kI ora unmukha thii| inhoMne upaniSadoM kA nATaka : dasyu-ratnAkara, bharata-melana, vAlmIki-saMvardhana, kevala pArAyaNa hI nahIM kiyA thA api tu unameM varNita tathyoM cANakyavijaya, prabuddha-himAcala, viSNumAyA, rAjarSi-bharata, ko apane vyAvahArika jIvana meM kAryAnvita karane kI unameM umA-tapasvinI, oMkAranAtha-maMgala, dvArAvatI, mAtRpUjana, dRDha abhilASA thii| aMtaryAmI paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karane uttara-kurukSetra, rAjarSi suratha, kAzI-kozaleza, aruNAcala-ketana / kI unake hRdaya meM tIvra icchA thii| upaniSad dharma ke anusAra inameM se dasyuratnAkara tathA bharata-melana kI racanA meM dhyAneza upAsanA ke saphala na hone para unhoMne anna-jala-grahaNa karanA nArAyaNa cakravartI se sahayoga prApta / baMgalA kRtiyAM- padmapuTa baMda kara diyaa| sAtaveM dina unakA hRdaya divya jyoti se bhara aura pusspraag| utthaa| unheM kizora mUrti zrI zyAmasuMdara ke divya darzana hue| vizvezvara sUri - samaya- I. 17 vIM shtii| aSTAdhyAyI para pazcAt bAlakRSNa ne svayaM upadeza diyA ki merI prApti kA "vyAkaraNa-siddhAnta-sudhAnidhi" nAmaka vistata vyAkhyA ke lekhk|| sarvAdhika sulabha upAya hai bhakti / Adi ke tIna adhyAya uplbdh| pitaa-lkssmiidhr| kevala isa prakAra viSNu svAmI kI upAsanA phalavatI huii| unhoMne 32-34 varSa kI Ayu meM mRtyu| anya racanAeM- tarkakautUhala, bhagavAn zrIkRSNa kI bAlamUrti kA nirmANa karA kara usakI alaMkAra-kaustubha, rukmiNI-pariNaya, AryAsaptazatI, pratiSThApanA kI aura apane anuyAyiyoM ko bhakti kI vimalasAdhanA alaMkArakulapradIpa aura rasamaMjarI ttiikaa| kA upadeza diyaa| isa mata ke sAta sau AcAyoM kI bAta viSNudatta zukla "viyogI" - janma 1895 I. meN| inhoMne sunI jAtI hai, jinameM AcArya bilvamaMgala eka mahAn upadezaka "gaMgA" va "saulocanIya" nAmaka do kAvya graMtha likhe haiN| hue| jisa samaya vallabhAcArya upadeza kI kAmanA se sAzaMka-citta "gaMgA' 5 sau meM racita khaNDakAvya hai| "saulocanIya" kA ho rahe the, taba AcArya bilva maMgala ne unheM viSNusvAmI kI prakAzana 1958 I. meM vANI-prakAzana, 21/1, kastUrabA gAMdhI zaraNa meM jAne kA upadeza diyA thaa| mA: kamapura se huA hai| isameM rAvaNa-putra meghanAda kI patnI viSNusvAmI ke saMpradAya meM trilocana, nAmadeva tathA jJAnadeva suloca kA vRtta varNita hai| isameM inhoMne Adhunika zailI (saMta jJAnezvara) Adi vikhyAta saMtoM kI gaNanA nAbhAdAsa ne kA anugamana kiyA hai| kI hai tathA AcArya vallabha ne isI mArga kA anusaraNa kara viSNudAsa kavi - samaya- I. 15 vIM shtii| "manodUta" apanA zuddhAdvaitamUlaka puSTimArga claayaa| yaha kathana aitihAsika nAmaka saMdeza-kAvya ke rcyitaa| ye caitanya mahAprabhu ke mAtula / dRSTi se vicAraNIya hai| kucha vidvAn, veda-bhASya ke kartA kahe jAte haiN| viSaya va bhASA kI dRSTi se inakA "manodUta" AcArya sAyaNa tathA mAdhavAcArya ke vidyA-guru vidyAzaMkara ko kAvya eka utkRSTa kRti ke rUpa meM samAdRta hai| viSNudAsa hI viSNusvAmI mAnate haiM kintu sAyaNAcArya kA samaya, caturdaza kI dUsarI kRti hai : "kavi-kautUhala" jo kAvyazAstrIya graMtha hai| zataka kA madhya bhAga hai| ataH unake guru kA samaya, 14 viSNupada bhaTTAcArya - baMgAla ke bhaTTapallI, (bhATapADA), veM zataka kA AraMbha-kAla athavA 13 veM zataka kA aMtima jilA caubIsa paraganA ke nivaasii| ma.ma. rAkhAladAsa nyAyaratna kAla ho sakatA hai| vidyAzaMkara tathA viSNusvAmI kI abhinnatA, ke pote| pitA-haricaraNa vidyAratna / kRtiyAM- kAMcukuMcika, pramANoM se puSTa nahIM kI jA sktii| anukUla-galahastaka, dhanaMjaya-puraMjaya, maNikAMcana samanvaya Adi viSNu svAmI kA kAla-nirNaya karate samaya DA.rAmakRSNa katipaya ruupk| mRtyu - pharavarI 1964 meN| bhAMDArakara ne nAbhAjI ke eka chappaya ke AdhAra para, use 13 viSNumitra - vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya para kSIrodaka nAmaka TippaNI __ veM zataka kA AraMbhakAla mAnA hai| ke lekhk| yaha TippaNI aprApya hai| bhArata ke dhArmika itihAsa meM atIva mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA ke viSNuzAstrI - bhArata kI vikhyAta dhanI viSNukhAmI ke vyaktitva, deza aura kAla kI samasyA ko 'vaiSNava-saMpradAya- catuSTayI' meM, vallabha saMpradAya, rudra-saMpradAya sulajhAne ke abhiprAya se kucha vidvAnoM ne ekAdhika viSNu ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| isa sNprdaa| ke mukhya pravartaka the svAmI hone kI kalpanA kI hai, katipaya AlocakoM kI sammati viSNusvAmI, tathA isake madhyayugI pratinidhi thega garya vallabha, meM kama-se-kama tIna viSNusvAmI kA ullekha milatA hai- (1) jinhoMne viSNusvAmI kI gaddI para ArUDha hokara unake siddhAMta devatanu viSNusvAmI (300 I.pU.) jo mathurA meM rahate the| pitA 456 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kA nAma devezvara bhaTTa thaa| ina viSNu svAmI ke 700 vaiSNava tridaMDI saMnyAsI, unake mata kA pracAra karate the, (2) kAMcInivAsI, rAjagopAla viSNusvAmI (janma 830 I.) jinhoMne viSNu kAMcI meM rAjagopAla devajI athavA varadarAjajI kI prasiddha mUrti kI pratiSThApanA kii| AcArya bilvamaMgala inhIM ke ziSya the, aura (3) viSNusvAmI, jo AcArya vallabha ke upadeSTA pUrvapuruSa the| ataH isa tathya kA nirNaya nahIM ho pAtA ki viSNusvAmI kA vAstavika vyaktimatva, deza aura kAla kyA thaa| viSNu svAmI kI graMtha-saMpadA vipula batalAI jAtI hai, paraMtu inameM 'sarvajJasUkta' hI ekamAtra aisI racanA hai, jo pramANa-koTi meM svIkRta kI gaI hai| zrIdhara svAmI ne apanI racanAoM meM isakA atyadhika upayoga kiyA hai| zrIdharI (TIkA) meM viSNusvAmI ke katipaya siddhAMtoM kA bhI AbhAsa milatA hai| viSNusvAmI ke Izvara saccidAnaMda-svarUpa haiM aura ve apanI 'hlAdinI saMvit' ke dvArA AzliSTa haiM tathA mAyA unhIM ke AdhIna rahatI hai| Izvara kA pradhAna avatAra nRsiMha-rUpa batalAyA gayA hai| kucha loga viSNu svAmI ko nRsiMha ora gopAla donoM kA upAsaka mAnate haiN| bhAgavata kI zrIdharI TIkA se yaha tathya spaSTataH vidita hotA hai ki aisI avasthA meM zrIdhara svAmI ko bhI viSNusvAmI-mata kA anuyAyI mAnA jA sakatA hai| vihArakRSNa dAsa - I. 17 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / bNgaalii| kRtiyAM- pArasika-prakAza (saMskRta- phArasI bhASA kosh)| vItahavya AMgirasa - Rgveda ke chaThe maMDala ke paMdrahaveM sUkta / ke drssttaa| vIranandI - naMdisaMgha dezIyagaNa ke jaina AcArya / guru-abhynNdii| samaya 950-999 ii.| inhoMne 'caMdraprabhacarita' nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai, jisameM 18 sarga haiM aura unameM 7 veM jaina tIrthakara candraprabha kA jIvana caritra varNita hai| isa mahAkAvya ke 1697 padya haiM, dharma, darzana, AcAra Adi kI dRSTiyoM se bhI yaha surasa mahAkAvya samRddha hai| vIranandI (siddhAnta cakravartI) - mUlasaMdha dezIyagaNa ke AcArya meghacandra vidyadeva ke putra aura shissy| krnaattkvaasii| pramukha ziSya prabhAcandra, jinhoMne gaMgarAja dvArA medhacandra kI niSadyA kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| samaya- I. 12-13 vIM shtii| graMtha-AcArasAra / isameM 12 adhikAroM meM muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vIranandI kI hI isa graMtha para kannaDa-TIkA upalabdha hai| isa graMtha ko jaina vidvAnoM ne zirodhArya mAnA hai| anya ziSya- abhinava pampa (naamcndr)| yaha vIranaMdI candraprabhacaritra ke kartA vIranaMdI se bhinna haiN| vIranaMdI ne nyAya, sAhitya tathA vyAkaraNa kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA thaa| vIrabhaTTadezika - kAkatIya bhUpati rudradeva ke Azrita / racanAnATyazekhara (sana 1160 meN)| vIrabhadradeva - "kaMdarpa-cUDAmaNi' nAmaka kAvya ke rcyitaa| isakI racanA inhoMne 1577 meM kI thii| inake jIvana-caritra para padmanAma mizra ne 'vIrabhadrasena-caMpU' kA praNayana kiyA thaa| ye mahArAja rIvA-nareza rAmacaMdra ke putra the| vIrabhadrayyA - taMjaura nivaasii| samaya- I. 1735 se 18171 apane samaya ke utkRSTa sNgiitjny| racanA- taalmaalikaa| vIrarAghava - janma 1820, mRtyu- 1882 iisvii| taMjaura ke mahArAja zivendra (1835-1865) (zivAjI) kI rAjasabhA meM smmaanit| kaunnddinygotrii| kRtiyAM- rAmarAjyAbhiSeka nATaka (apUrNa), vallIpariNaya nATaka, rAmAnujASTaka kAvya tathA anya sAta rcnaaeN| vIrarAghava - maisuurnivaasii| janma- madrAsa ke ciMgalapeTa jile ke bhUsurapurI (tirUmalisAI) grAma meM san 1770 I. meM / dAzarathivaMzIya / pitA- narasiMha sUri / kRtiyAM- malayajAkalyANa nATikA, uttararAmacarit TIkA, mahAvIracarit TIkA, bhaktisArodaya kAvya tathA kaI dArzanika grNth| vIrarAghavAcArya - pitA- zrIzela guru| pitAmaha- ahobil| apanI vidvattA ke kAraNa inake pitA "akhila-vidyA-jalanidhiH' kI upAdhi se maMDita the| inhoMne apane ina vidvAn pitA se hI mahAbhArata, purANoM evaM zrImadbhAgavata kA gaMbhIra adhyayana kiyA thaa| inhoMne sudarzana sUri kI 'zrutaprakAzikA' nAmaka zrIbhASyavyAkhyA kA nAmataH ullekha kiyA hai tathA zrIdhara ke advaitI matakA bahuzaH khaMDana kiyA hai| phalataH inheM I. 14 vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kA hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| udhara vizvanAtha cakravartI ne, apanI sArArthadarzinI bhAgavata-TIkA meM inake mata kA khaMDana kiyA hai, jinakA samaya I. 17 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha mAnA jAtA hai- 1700 vikramI- 1789 vikramI (1644 I. - 1733 ii.)| phalataH vIra rAghava kA samaya zrIdhara evaM vizvanAtha cakravartI ke madhya meM arthAt 1500 I. ke AsapAsa honA caahiye| vIrarAghava kI bhAgavata-vyAkhyA kA nAma haibhaagvt-cndrcndrikaa| yaha baDI vistRta va vizAlakAya vyAkhyA hai| usakA uddezya hai viziSTAdvaitI siddhAntoM kA bhAgavata se samarthana tathA pussttiikrnn| isa uddezya kI siddhi meM vIrarAghava ko paryApta saphalatA prApta huI hai| isa kArya meM unhoMne zrIdhara ke mata kA bahuzaH khaNDana kiyA hai| spaSTa hai ki sudarzana sUri kI ladhvakSara TIkA se saMtuSTa na hone ke kAraNa, vIra rAghava ne apanI bhAgavA-candracandrikA meM dArzanika tattvoM kA bahuzaH vistAra kiyA hai| isa TIkAgraMtha kI prAmANikatA, sAMpradAyAnuzIlatA evaM prameyabahulatA kA yahI pramANa hai ki vIra rAghava kI bhAgavata-caMdracaMdrikA ke anaMtara kisI bhI viziSTAdvaitI vidvAn ne samasta bhAgavata para TIkA likhane kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava nahIM kiyaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 457 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vIrasena - ye mUlasaMgha ke paMcastUpAnvaya zAkhA ke AcArya the| elAcArya ke pAsa citrakUTa (cittoDa) meM siddhAnta graMthoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura bAda meM dIkSAguru kI AjJA se bATagrAma (baDodA) phuNce| vahAM jinAlaya meM bappadeva dvArA nirmita TIkA prApta huii| anaMtara unhoMne samasta SaTkhaNDAgama kI 'dhavalA' TIkA likhii| tatpazcAt kaSAyaprAbhRta kI cAra vibhaktiyoM kI 'jayadhavalA' TIkA likhe jAne ke bAda unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| unake ziSya jinasena dvitIya ne avazeSa jayadhavalATIkA likha kara pUrI kii| yaha jayadhavalATIkA amoghavarza ke kAla meM za.saM. 738 meM samApta huii| ataH vIrasena kA samaya I. 8 vIM zatAbdI hai| vIrasena kI dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkA, prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita bhASA meM maNi-pravAla rIti se likhI gaI hai| ise vicAra-pragalbhatA aura viSaya kI prauDhatA ke kAraNa 'upanibandhana' kahA gayA hai| isameM do mAnyatAoM kA ullekha milatA haidakSiNapratipatti (paramparAgata) aura uttarapratipatti (aprprmpraagt)| vIrasena ne sUtroM meM prApta hone vAle pAramparika virodhoM kA samanvaya bhI kiyA hai| zailI kI dRSTi se isameM pAMca guNa samAhita haiM- prasAdaguNa, samAhArazakti, tarka yA nyAyazailI, pAThakazailI tathA sRjaka shailii| vIrendrakumAra bhaTTAcArya - janma silahaTa (baMgAla) meM, san 1917 meN| ucca zikSA kalakattA vi.vi. meN| san 1940 meM darzana meM em.e.| sana 1948 meM DI.liT / san 1943 se 1948 taka seNTa pAla kAleja (kalakattA) meM adhyApana / darzana-vibhAgAdhyakSa / taduparAnta zAsakIya sevA meN| san 1967 meM saMskRta meM likhanA praarmbh| 'sAhitya-sUri' upAdhi se alaMkRta / kRtiyAM- kavikAlidAsa, zArdUla-zakaTa, siddhArthacarita, veSTanavyAyoga, gItagaurAMga, zaraNArthi-saMvAda, zUrpaNakhAbhisAra, lakSaNa-vyAyoga, cArvAkatANDava, marjinA- cAturya, suprabhA- svayaMvara, meghadautya aura jhaMjhAvRtta / ina nATya graMthoM ke atirikta kalApikA aura umarakhyayAma kI rubAiyoM kA saMskRta anuvAda bhI Apane likhA hai| baMgAlI kRtiyAM-e dehamandira, svapnasaMhAra, surA o sAkI, pavanadUta, rAmaparigera, chaDA aura dUtIpraNaya shtk| aMgrejI meM bhI, kaeNjuaeNliTI ina sAyansa aeNNDa philAsaoNphI aura laoNjika vhelyU eNNDa rieliTI nAmaka do graMtha zrIbhaTTAcArya ne likhe| vIrezvara paNDita - I. 18 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| veNIdatta tarkavAgIza ke pitaa| do racanAeM - "rasa-ratnAvalI' aura kRSNavijayacampUH / veMkaTa (veMkaTArya kavi) - pitA- zrInivAsAcArya / nivAsasthAnasurasiddhigiri ngr| samaya- I. 17 vIM zatI kA aMtima caraNa yA 18 vIM zatI kA praarNbh| "bANAsura-vijaya caMpU' ke rcyitaa| inakA caMpU-kAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai| veMkaTa - samaya- I. 19 vIM shtii| kaunnddinygotrii| pitA vedAntAcArya / 'rasikajana- manollAsa' nAmaka bhANa ke rcyitaa| veMkaTakavi - samaya- I. 18 vIM zatI ke Asa-pAsa / pitaaviirraaghv| vaissnnv| 'vibudhAnaMda-prabaMdha-caMpU' ke rcyitaa| graMtha ke AraMbha meM inhoMne vedAMtadezika (mahAkavi) kI vaMdanA kI hai| inakA yaha caMpU kAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai| veMkaTakRSNa tampI - janma 1890- mRtyu 1938 I. / kerlnivaasii| trivendrama saMskRta kAleja meM adhyApaka aura praacaary| kRtiyAMzrIrAmakRSNa-carita, dharmasya sUkSmA gatiH, lalitA, pratikriyA va vnjyotsnaa| inake atirikta malayAlama bhASA meM katipaya pustakeM likhI haiN| veMkaTakRSNa dIkSita - taMjora ke zAhajI mahArAja ke Azrita / san 1693 meM zAhajIpuram ke agrahAra meM bhAga praapt| pitaaveNkttaadri| kRtiyAM- (nATaka) "kuzalava- vijy| (kAvya) nareza-vijaya, zrIrAmacandrodaya aura uttrcmpuu| veMkaTakRSNa rAva - I. 20 vIM shtii| "bhakticandrodaya' nAmaka tIna aMkI nATaka ke prnnetaa| veMkaTanAtha (vedAMtadezika) - samaya- 1269-1369 ii.| Apa 'kavi-tArkikasiMha' va 'sarvataMtrasvataMtra' nAmaka upAdhiyoM se samalaMkRta hue the| inakA janma kAMjIvaram ke nikaTa tuppila nAmaka grAma meM huA thaa| pitA- anaMta sUri / mAtA- totarammA / ye viziSTAdvaita vedAMta ke mahAn vyAkhyAtA mAne jAte haiN| inhoMne sAMpradAyika graMthoM ke atirikta, kAvya-kRtiyoM kI bhI racanA kI thI, jinameM kAvyatattvoM kA suMdara samAveza hai| inake kAvyoM meM 'saMkalpasUyodaya (mahAnATaka), 'haMsadUta', 'rAmAbhyudaya', 'yAdavAbhyudaya', 'pAdukAsahasra' Adi pramukha haiN| inake pramukha dArzanika graMthoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai- tattvaTIkA (yaha zrIbhASya kI vizada vyAkhyA hai), nyAya-parizuddhi va nyAya-siddhAMjana (ina donoM graMthoM meM vizuddhAdvaitavAda kI pramANa-mImAMsA kA varNana hai), adhikaraNa-sArAvalI (isameM brahmasUtroM ke adhikaraNoM kA zlokabaddha vivecana kiyA gayA hai), tattvamuktAkalApa, gItArtha-tAtparyacaMdrikA (yaha rAmAnujAcArya ke gItA-bhASya kI TIkA hai), IzAvAsya-bhASya, draviDopaniSad, tAtparya-ratnAvalI, zatadUSaNI, sezvara-mImAMsA, pAMcarAtra-rakSA, saccaritra-rakSA, nikSepa-rakSA va nyaayvishNti| veMkaTanArAyaNa - taMjaura- adhipati zAhajI rAjA kI sabhA ke pNddit| jaina muni sumatIndrAbhikSu kA caritra, unake isa kavi ziSya ne apane 'sumatIndravijaya-ghoSaNa' nAmakakAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai| veMkaTa makhI- govinda makhI dIkSita ke putr| yajJanArAyaNa ke bhaaii| racanAeM- sAhityasAmrAjyam (mhaakaavy)| caturdAnAdiprakAzikA aura vArtikAbharaNa nAmaka do zAstrIya rcnaaeN| pitA ke saMgIta-sudhAnidhi tathA rAmAyaNa (sundarakAMDa) para ttiikaaeN| inake lakSaNa-gIta, saMgIta-saMpradAya-pradarzinI meM 458 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kevala-thoM kA jJAna Avazya aura carakoM kA mantra nirdeza mudrita haiN| ye taMjaura ke rAjA vijaya-rAghava (I. san 1672) sana 1935 meN| san 1935 se 1955 taka yoropIya saMgrahAlaya kI sabhA ke sadasya the| guru-raghunAtha nresh| sAhitya, saMgIta meM bhAratIya purAtattva ke graMthoM kA paryAlocana / saMskRta ke kaI tathA mImAMsA meM ye nipuNa the| inhoMne vAjapeya yajJa kiyA thaa| hastalikhita graMthoM kA prkaashn| oNla iNDiyA oriyaNTala veMkaTamAdhava - I. 11 vIM shtii| sAyaNa aura devarAja yajvA kAnpheransa ke zrInagara- adhivezana ke tathA vizva saMskRta sammelana ke pUrvavartI- Rgveda ke pragalbha bhASyakAra / eka hI Rgveda para ke dillI-adhivezana ke adhykss| madrAsa vi.vi. ke saMskRta unhoMne do bhASya likhe aisI saMbhAvanA hai| saMprati prathama bhASya vibhaagaadhykss| videzI saMskRta saMsthAoM dvArA prAyaH AmaMtrita / hI upalabdha hai jisakA nAma hai 'Rgrthdiipikaa'| isa bhASya meM 'kavikokila', 'sakala-kalA-kalApa','vidvatkavIndra' tathA veMkaTa mAdhavAcArya ne apane kula Adi ke viSaya meM kahA hai - 'padmabhUSaNa' kI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita / san 1958 meM madrAsa pitAmaha- maadhv| pitA- veNkttaary| mAtAmaha- bhvgol|| meM saMskRta raMgamaMca ke sNsthaapk| alaMkArazAstraviSayaka 25 maataa-sundrii| gotra- kauzika / mAtRgotra- vAsiSTha / anuj-sNkrssnn| graMthoM kA prakAzana kiyaa| putra- veMkaTa aura govind| nivAsa- dakSiNApatha meM coldesh| kRtiyAM- (laghu kAvya)- devavandIvaradarAja, sarvadhArI, mahIpo kAverI ke samakAlIna rAjA- ekviir| manunIticolaH, phAlguna, SoDazI-stutiH, kiM priyaM kAlidAsasya, veMkaTamAdhava kA bhASya yAjJika paddhati ke anusAra aura narendro vivekAnandaH, zliSTaprakIrNaka, kimiMda tava kArmaNam, kAlaH saMkSipta hai| 'varjayan zabdavistaram' zabdavistAra ko varNya kara kaviH, saMkrAntimahaH, kavirjJAnI RSiH, vizvabhikSustavaH, yaha unakI pratijJA hai| 'RksaMhitA kA artha jAnane ke lie kAmakoTikArmaNa, gRhItamivAntaraMgam, kAverI, zabdaH (nRtyagIta), kevala- nirukta aura vyAkaraNa paryApta nahIM, usake liye vaivartapurANam, brahmapatra, mahAtmA, dammavibhUtiH,gopahampanaH, aura brAhmaNa-graMthoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai'- yaha mAdhavAcArya kI svraajyketu| saMpAdaka- pratibhA (sAhitya akAdamI kI saMskRta bhUmikA hai| bhAllAni, maitrAyaNIya aura carakoM kA mantropabRMhaNa patrikA, jarnala oNpha orieMTala risarca, jarnala oNpha myujhika karane vAle brAhmaNa-graMtha hamane sune nahIM, aisA unhoMne nirdeza akaadmii| kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki mAdhavAcArya kA brAhmaNa-graMthoM ke mahAkAvya- muttusvAmI diikssitcrit| isakA prakAzana san abhyAsa para kitanA bala thaa| sAmaveda kA vivaraNa bhI 1955 meM madrAsa meM kAMcIkAmakoTi ke zaMkarAcArya kI adhyakSatA mAdhavAcArya ke nAma para prasiddha hai| vivaraNakAra aura RgbhASyakAra meM huaa| mAdhavAcArya eka hI haiM yA nahIM yaha gaveSaNA kA viSaya hai| rUpaka- vimukti, rAsalIlA, kAmazuddhi, punarunmeSa, veMkaTa raMganAtha (ma.ma.) - san 1822-1900 / bhaardvaaj-vNshiiy| lakSmIsvayaMvara, ASADhasya prathamadivase, mahAzvetA, pratAparudravijaya vijgaapttttm-nivaasii| rAjakIya upAdhi se smmaanit| saMskRta aura anaarklii| pAThazAlA meM adhyaapk| prasiddha pauriNika kthaavaack| pitA- prekSaNaka (operA) -vikaTanitambA, avantisundarI tathA mahAkavi zrInivAsa guru the| aMgrejI tathA saMskRta ke vidvaan| vijjikaa| kRtiyAM- maMjula-naiSadha (nATaka), kuMbhakarNavijaya, anUdita rUpaka - vAlmIki-pratibhA aura ndiipuujaa| AMglAdhirAja- svAgata, saMskRta bhASA aura sAhitya viSayaka isake atirikta saMskRta meM aneka samAvartana, bhASaNa, anuvAda, vizvakoza (aprakAzita) tathA saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke saralIkaraNa TIkAeM tathA gdy-nibndh| inakA pramukha kArya hai nyU kaiTalAgasa viSayaka do nibNdh| kaeNTalAgoram kA smpaadn| veMkaTaramaNArya - I. 20 vIM shtii| cennarAya nAmaka gAMva veMkaTasubrahmaNyAdhvarI - trAvaNakora ke rAjA bAlarAmavarmA (karnATaka) ke nivaasii| kucha dina baMgalora kI cAmarAjendra (1758-1782 I.) kI rAjasabhA meM sammAnita / pitA-veMkaTezvara saMskRta mahApAThazAlA ke adhykss| tatpazcAt maisUra kI saMskRta mkhii| vikhyAta paMDita appaya dIkSita ke vaMzaja / vyAkaraNa, pAThazAlAoM ke niriikssk| sevAnivRtti ke samaya maisUra kI mImAMsA, tarka tathA sAhitya ke prakANDa paNDita / saMskRta zAlA ke updessttaa| "vasulakSmIkalyANa" nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| kRtiyAM- stutikusumAMjali, harizcandrakAvya, sarvasamavRtta-prabhAva, veMkaTAcArya - samaya- I. 18 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / kamalAvijaya (TenisanakRta nATaka kA anuvAda) aura pitA-zrInivAsa, maataa-veNkttaambaa| gulabargA (Andhrapradeza) ke jiivsNjiivnii| nivaasii| guru- veNkttdeshik| anuja- aNNaiyAcArya ("rasodAra" veMkaTarAma rAghavan (DaoN) (padmabhUSaNa) - janma di. bhANa ke prnnetaa)| choTe bhAI zrInivAsAcArya (kalyANarAghava 22-8-1908 ko, tirUvAyura nagara (jilA taMjaura) meN| pitA- nATaka ke praNetA) / bhAgineya vucci veMkaTAcArya) "kalyANapuraMjana" veMkaTarAma ayyr| mAtA- miinaakssii| presiDensI kAleja, madrAsa nATaka ke racayitA) svayaM "amRtamanthana" nAmaka pAMca aMkI meM ma.ma. kuppuzAstrI ke adhIna 'zRMgAraprakAza' para pIeca.DI. nATaka ke lekhk| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNTa / 459 For Private and Personal Use Only

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veMkaTAcArya - maisuur-nivaasii| pitA- annnnyyaacaary| cAcA-zrInivAsatAtArya / surapuramnareza veMkaTa nAyaka (1773-1802 I.) kA smaashry| parakAla maTha ke mahAdezika ke upaask|| kRtiyAM- gaNasUtrArtha (vyAkaraNaviSayaka), kRSNabhAvazataka-stotra, alaMkArakaustubha, zRMgAralaharI (gItikAvya), dazAvatArastotra, hayagrIvadaNDaka stotra, yatirAjadaNDakastotra (rAmAnujAcArya viSayaka), jhaMjhAmArUta darzana, zrIkRSNazRMgAra-taraMgiNI (nATaka) aura telagu meM aclaatmjaa-prinnymu| veMkaTAcArya - zatakartR tAtAcArya ke putra / racanA- kokila-sandeza nAmaka duutkaavy| veMkaTAcArya - racanAeM- kAverI-mahimAdarzaH, (2) vyAghrataTAkabhUvivaram, (3) granthijvaracaritam, (4) rAmAnujamatAbhAsavilAsaH, (5) yAdavagirimAhAtmya saMgrahaH, (6) kAkAnyoktimAlA, (7) campakAnyoktimAlA, (8) divyasUrivaibhavam (gadya prbNdh)| veMkaTAdri - (za. 19)- rAjA zobhanAdri appArAva ke putra / "rAjalakSmIpariNaya" nAmaka pratIka nATaka ke rcyitaa| veMkaTAdhvarI - samaya- I. 17 vIM shtii| atri gotrii| rAmAnujI vaiSNava sNprdaayii| inhoMne 3 prasiddha va lokapriya caMpU-kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| ve haiM- vizvaguNAdarza-caMpU (nirNayasAgara presa muMbaI se 1923 I. meM prakAzita), varadAbhyudaya-caMpU (isakA dUsarA nAma hastagiri-caMpU- saMskRta sIrIja maisUra se 1908 I. meM prakAzita) aura uttararAmacarita-caMpU (gopAla nArAyaNa eNDa kaM. muMbaI se prkaashit)| __ ye appaya dIkSita ke pautra tathA raghunAtha-dIkSita ke putra the| maataa-siitaaNbaa| ye rAmAnuja ke matAnuyAyI va lakSmI ke bhakta the| graMtha-racanA-kAla 1637 I. ke aas-paas| inakA nivAsa sthAna kAMcIpura ke nikaTa arzanaphala (arsanapallI) nAmaka grAma thaa| "uttararAmacarita-caMpU" kavi kI prauDha racanA hai, jisameM varNanasauMdarya kI AbhA dekhane yogya hai| ye nIlakaNThacaMpU ke praNetA kavi nIlakaMTha dIkSita ke sahAdhyAyI the| inhoMne lakSmIsahasram nAmaka eka anya kAvya kA bhI praNayana kiyA thaa| "varadAbhyudaya yA hastagiricaMpU' ke aMta meM kavi ne apanA paricaya diyA hai| veMkaTeza - taittirIya saMhitA ke antima tIna kANDoM para hI inakA bhASya vidyamAna hai| bhASya kA nAma hai "vedabhASya saMgrahasAra" yA vedaarth-sNgrh| yaha bhASya kaI sthAnoM para bhaTTa bhAskara bhASya se akSarazaH milatA hai| rudrabhASyakAra, eka veMkaTanAtha bhI hue haiN| ve donoM eka yA bhinna yaha nizcita nahIM hai| veMkaTeza - pitaa-shriinivaas| kAMcIvaram ke pAsa sthita, Ara salAI grAma ke nivaasii| inhoMne rAmacaritra para AdhArita rAmacandrodayam nAmaka mahAkAvya (30 sarga) likhaa| inhIM kA dUsarA kAvya yamakArNava yamakamaya hai| isakA lekhana san 1656 meM saMpanna huaa| veMkaTeza - rAmanADa saMsthAna (tAmilanADu) ke setupati ke Azrita / racanA-triMzacchalokI arthAt viSNutattvanirNaya (saTIka) jisameM nyAyenduzekhara kA khaNDana hai| veMkaTezvara - taMjaura ke mahArAja zAhajI (1684-1711 I.) dvArA smmaanit| saraphojI ke aashrit| mnluur-nivaasii| racanAeM-unmatta-kavikalazam arthAt lambodaraprahasana, rAghavAnanda, nIlApariNaya, sabhApati-vilAsa aura bhosale-vaMzAvalI-campUH / veMkaprabhu - veMkasUricandra athavA pradhAna veMkappA nAmoM se bhI prsiddh| mAtA-bAbAmbikA, pitA-hampArya (raajymntrii)| bhArgava-vaMzI braahmnn| zrIrAmapura ke nivaasii| brahmavidyA meM paarNgt| "SaDdarzanIvallabha' kI upAdhi se vibhuussit| rAma tathA hanumAn ke bhkt| suzIlatA tathA dAnazUratA ke lie vikhyAta / san 1763 se san 1780 taka maisUra ke rAjA kRSNarAja (dvitIya), naMnjarAja tathA cAmarAja ke mNtrii| kRSNarAja dvArA aneka vibhAgoM ke adhyakSapada para niyukta / marAThA-adhipati rAghobA ke sAtha kRSNarAja kI sandhi veMkappa ne hI karAyI thii| yuddhnipunn| haidaraalI ne maisUra kA zAsana saMbhAlane ke bAda veMkappa ko rAjadhAnI se dUra bhgaayaa| racanAeM- (16) kAmakalAvilAsa (bhANa), kukSimbharabhaikSava (prahasana), mahendravijaya (Dima), vIrarAghava (vyAyoga), lakSmIsvayaMvara aura vibudhAnaMda (samavakAra), sItAkalyANa (vIthI), rukmiNImAdhava (aMka), UrvazIsArvabhauma (IhAmRga), sudhAjharI (upanyAsa), kuzalavijaya (campU), AMjaneyazataka, sUryazataka, hanumajjaya, cidadvaitaka jagannAthavijayakAvya (vyAkaraNaniSTha), alaMkAramaNidarpaNa (sAhitya-zAstrIya) aura kannaDa racanAeM- karNATarAmAyaNa, hanumavilAsa aura indirAbhyudaya / vecArAma nyAyAlaMkAra - I. 18 vIM shtii| pitA-rAjArAma / "kAvyaratnAkara" ke kartA / baMgAla ke nivaasii| anya kRtiyAMAnandataraMgiNI (pravAsavRtta) aura siddhAnta-tarI (AnandataraMgiNI para vyaakhyaa)| veNIdatta tarkavAgIza - baMgAla ke nivaasii| I. 18 vIM shtii| "zrIvara" ke nAma se vikhyaat| vIrezvara paMDita ke putra / "alaMkAra-candrodaya" ke krtaa| vedagarbha padmanAbhAcArya - I. 18 vIM shtii| rcnaamaadhvsiddhaantsaarH| vedAntavAgIza bhaTTAcArya - "bhojarAja-saccarita" (nATaka) ke prnnetaa| velaNakara, zrIrAma bhikAjI - janma mahArASTra ke sAranda grAma (jilA-ratnAgirI) meM, san 1915 meN| ucca zikSA vilsana kAleja, muMbaI meN| san 1940 meM ema.e.,elaela.bI. kara DAka tAra vibhAga meM niyukti va uccAdhikAra prApta / bhArata meM pina-koDa 460 / saMskRta vAGmaya kAza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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paddhati kA AviSkAra Apane hI kiyaa| guru- hari dAmodara velaNakara kI icchAnusAra yAvajjIvana saMskRtAdhyayana tathA lekhana kA vrt| gaNita, saMgIta aura nATaka meM vizeSa ruci| sevAnivRtti ke pazcAt gaNita viSayaka anusandhAna tathA saMskRta pracAra kArya meM nirt| apanI racanAoM meM naye va purAne donoM chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kRtiyAM-kAvya - viSNuvardhApana, guruvardhApana, jayamaMgalA (anUdita), jIvanasAgara (bhArataratna pAM.vA. kANe kA caritra), virahalaharI, javAhara-cintana, javAhara-gItA, gIrvANa-sudhA aura ahorAtra / nATaka-kAlidAsa-carita, kAlindI, saubhadra (anUdita), chatrapati zivarAja aura tilkaayn| nabhonATikA - kailAsa-kampa, hutAtmA dadhIci, svAtaMtrya-lakSmI, rAjJI durgAvatI, svAtaMtryacintA, svAtaMtrya-maNi, madhyama pANDava, ASADhasya prathamadivase, tanayo rAjA bhavati kathaM meM, zrIlokamAnya-smRti, janma rAmAyaNasya, tattvamasi aura meghduutottrm| brAhmaNa sabhA aura svayaMsthApita devavANI maMdira ina saMsthAoM ke dvArA Apane saMskRta pracAra kA bharapUra kArya muMbaI meM tathA anyatra kiyaa| marAThI kRtiyAM - janatece dAsa jase, kalAlaharI nimAlI, paiThaNacA nAtha, vanitA-vikAsa, revatI, rAdhA-mAdhava aura shriiraam-sudhaa| ___ aMgrejI kRtiyAM - similIj in Rgveda aura kAnTraikTa brij|| vaijayantI - I. 17 vIM zatI kA mdhy| dhanuka grAma (jilA-pharIdapura, baMgAla) ke nivAsI mathurAbhaTTa kI putrii| mImAMsAdi zAstroM meM pAraMgata vidussii| koTalipADA ke durgAdAsa tarkavAgIza kI putravadhU / pati kRSNanAtha ke sAtha "AnandalatikA" nAmaka campU kI racanA vaijayantI ne kI hai| vaidyanAtha - janma- vArANasI meN| samaya-satrahavIM zatI kA uttarArdha / "zrIkRSNalIlA" nAmaka nATikA ke rcyitaa| vaidyanAtha dvija - I. 18 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| "tulasIdUta" ke rcyitaa| vaidyanAtha - (za. 19) janma-mumbaI ke nikaTa sugandhapura meN| guru-raghunAtha / AzrayadAtA-zrI jIvanajI mahArAja / "satsaMga-vijaya" nAmaka pratIka nATaka ke lekhk| vaidyanAtha vAcaspati bhaTTAcArya - navadvIpa ke rAjA Izvaracandra rAya (1788-1802 I.) ke sbhaapnnddit| "caitrayajJa" nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| vaidyanAtha zarmA vyAsa - I. 10 vIM shtii| vaaraannsii-nivaasii| baalkvi| guru-Andhra paMDita raamshaastrii| kRtiyAM- gaNezasambhava (kAvya) aura gaNeza-pariNaya (naattk)| vaiyAghrapAda - pANini ke pUrvavartI eka prAcIna vaiyaakrnn| mImAMsakajI ne inakA samaya 3100 vi.pU. mAnA hai| mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva meM Ae ullekha ke anusAra ye maharSi vasiSTha ke putra the (53/30) / "kAzikA" meM inakA kallekha, vyAkaraNa-pravaktA ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| (7/1/94) / isake atirikta "zatapatha brAhmaNa" (10/6), "jaimini brAhmaNa", "jaiminIya upaniSad brAhmaNa" (3/7/3/211, 4/9/1) evaM "zAMkhyAyana AraNyaka" (917) meM bhI inakA nAma upalabdha hai| ___"kAzikA" ke eka udAharaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki inake vaiyAghrapadIya vyAkaraNa meM 10 adhyAya rahe hoMge (5/1/58) / baMgalA ke prasiddha "vyAkaraNa zAstretihAsa" ke lekhaka zrI hAladAra ne inake vyAkaraNa kA nAma vaiyAgrapada tathA inakA nAma vyAghrapAt likhA hai, kiMtu mImAMsakajI ne prAcIna uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para zrI hAladAra ke mata kA khaMDana karate hue vaiyAghrapAda nAma ko hI prAmANika mAnA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM apane mata ko sthira karate hue ve kahate haiM ki "mahAbhASya meM vyAghrapAt nAmaka vaiyAkaraNa kA ullekha hai kiMtu ve vaiyAghrapAda se bhinna haiM, hAM, "mahAbhASya" (6/2/26) meM eka pATha hai jisameM vyADIya kA eka pAThAMtara "vyAghrapadIya" hai| yadi yaha pATha prAcIna ho to mAnanA hogA ki AcArya "vyAghrapAt" ne bhI kisI vyAkaraNa kA pravacana kiyA thaa|" vaizaMpAyana - nigada arthAt kRSNa yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA ke nirmaataa| taittirIya AraNyaka evaM AzvalAyana, kauSItakI aura bodhAyana gRhyasUtra meM ApakA ullekha hai| Rgveda ke aneka maMtroM kA nayA artha lagAne kA yugapravartaka kArya Apane kiyaa| zabarasvAmI ke anusAra vaizaMpAyana ne kRSNayajurveda kI sabhI zAkhAoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| (mImAMsA bhaassy-1-1-30)| pANini ne eka vaidika guru ke rUpa meM ApakA ullekha kiyA hai| vyAsajI ke cAra pramukha vedapravartaka ziSyoM meM se vaizaMpAyana eka the| purANoM ke anusAra unheM sampUrNa yajurveda kA jJAna prApta thaa| vyAsajI se prApta yajurveda kI 86 saMhitAeM banAkara apane 86 ziSyoM meM bAMTa dii| viSNu-purANa ke anusAra yaha saMkhyA 27 hai| inake ziSyoM ne kRSNa yajurveda ke prasAra kA kArya kiyaa| Apake ziSya uttara bhArata, madhya bhArata aura pazcima bhArata meM vibhAjita the| __ kAzikAvRtti ke anusAra AlaMbI, palaMga evaM kAmaThI ye tIna ziSya caraka deza ke pUrva meM, RcAbha, AruNi evaM tAMDya madhya meM tathA zyAmAyana, kaTha evaM kalApI uttara meM veda-pracAra kA kArya kara rahe the| vaizaMpAyanapraNIta 86 zAkhAoM meM se kevala taittirIya, maitrAyaNI, kaTha evaM kapiSThala hI vidyamAna haiN| zeSa zAkhAeM anadhyAya ke kAraNa lupta ho cukI haiN| kRSNa yajurveda ko bAda meM 'caraka' nAma prApta huaa| caraka kA artha jJAnaprApti hetu dezabhara saMcAra karane vAlA vidvaan| vaizaMpAyana evaM unake ziSya bhramaNazIla the| "caraka iti saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 461 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaizampAyanasya AkhyA" (ekAzikA 4/3-4) yajJa meM adhvaryu (vyADikRta), balacarita kAvya (balarAma-carita), paribhASApATha kA kAma yajurvedI kI ora rahatA hai| isa kAraNa Apake aura liNgaanushaasn| sabhI racanAeM aprApta hai| ziSya carakAdhvaryu khlaaye| vyAsa (bhagavAn) - eka alaukika vyaktitva ke mahApuruSa / Apane vyAsakRta "jaya" graMtha kA "bhArata" banAkara bhii| mahAjJAnI graMthakAra / varNa se kAle the, ataH 'kRSNa' khlaaye| amUlya kArya kiyaa| vyAsajI ne apanA "jaya" nAmaka graMtha dvIpa para janma hone se 'dvaipAyana' bhI kahe gye| "kRSNadvaipAyana" prathama Apa hI ko sunaayaa| vaha kaurava pAMDavoM ke saMgharSa taka nAma se bhI saMbodhita kiye gye| "vedAn vivyAsa" vedoM ke hI maryAdita thaa| usameM kevala 8,800 zloka the| vaizampAyana vibhAga karane se vyAsa saMjJA praapt| parAzara putra hone se ne unheM baDhAkara 24 hajAra taka pahuMcAyA aura use "bhArata" 'pArAzarya' bhI kahA jAtA rhaa| badarI-vana meM tapasyA karane ke nAma diyaa| arjuna ke pautra janamejaya ke rAjapurohita evaM kAraNa 'bAdarAyaNa' bhI kahalAte the| vidvajjana unheM "vedavyAsa" mahAbhArata kI kathA sunAne vAle yahI vaizaMpAyana the| yAjJavalkya kahate the| yaha sarvamAnya lokokti hai ki saMsAra kA sArA ke sAtha saMgharSa meM unheM yaha pada choDanA pddaa| rAjya kA bhI jJAna vyAsa kI jUThana hai| "vyAsocchiSTaM jagat sarvam' arthAt tyAga karanA pdd'aa| sArA jJAna unheM prApta thaa| vedottara-kAla se Aja taka ve vAyupurANa ke anusAra vaizaMpAyana yaha gotra-nAma ho sakatA bhAratIya saMskRti ke mahAprANa rahe haiN| itihAsa-purANoM kI racanA, hai, parantu brahmANDa-purANa ke AdhAra para nAma-vizeSa bhI ho prAcIna yuga kI vismRtaprAya vidyA-kalA kA punarujjIvana, vedavedAMga sakatA hai| kA saMkalana, saMpAdana, vibhAjana Adi ke dvArA vyAsajI ne vrajanAtha - nareza mAdhava ke Azrita / padyataraMgiNI (subhASita bhAratIya saMskRti kA sArA jJAna akSuNNa rkhaa| unheM bhagavAn sNgrh)| 12 taraMgoM meM saMkalana / viSNu kA avatAra mAnA jAtA hai| vyAsa yaha nAma vyaktivAcaka vrajalAla mukhopAdhyAya - racanA :-khristdhrmkaumudii-smaalocnaa| nhiiN| yaha eka upAdhi hai| purANoM ke anusAra pratyeka dvApara kalakattA 1894 / belenTAina ke khristadharma- kaumudI kI 18941 belenTAina ke khimtIM sadI kI yuga meM eka-eka mahanIya puruSa "vyAsa" hotA hai| hindudharma-nindA kA khaNDana / dvApare dvApare viSNuAsarUpI mahAmune / vRMdAvanacandra tarkAlaMkAra - I. 16 vIM shtii| rAdhAcaraNa vedamekaM sabahudhA kurute jagato hitH|| kavIndra cakravartI ke putra / kavi karNapUra ke "alaMkArakaustubha' artha- he mahAmune, pratyeka dvApara yuga meM viSNu vyAsarUpa para "alaMkArakaustabhATIdhiti-pakAzikAnIkA kA se avatAra lete haiM aura vizva ke hitArtha eka veda kA vibhAga vRMdAvana zukla - Apane do kAvyoM kA racanA kI hai- (1) karate haiN| "sAmbacarita' tathA (2) "gauriicrit"| ___ abhI taka aise 28 vyAsa ho gaye haiN| kRSNadvaipAyana aMtima the| devIbhAgavata me saMpUrNa nAmAvalI dI hai| vRttivilAsa - amarakIrti ke ziSya / krnaattk-vaasii| samaya-I. 12 vIM shtii| graMtha- dharmaparIkSA aura shaastrsaar| dharmaparIkSA ___ vyAsajI kA janma parAzara RSi aura dhIvara-kanyA satyavatI graMtha abhigati kI dharmaparIkSA para AdhArita hai| (matsyagaMdhA) se huaa| itihAsajJoM dvArA yaha kAla saMbhavataH IsA pUrva 3100 kA mAnA gAyA hai| vyAsa kA vivAha jAbali vyazva AMgirasa - aMgiras kulotpnn| Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke chabbIsaveM sUkta ke drssttaa| isa sUkta meM azvinau aura kI kanyA vaTikA se huaa| unake putra kA nAma zuka thaa| dhRtarASTra aura paMDu, bIjadRSTi se niyoga paddhati se utpanna, vAyu kI stuti hai| prastuta sUkta meM vyazva ke rUpa meM unakA ullekha hai| vyAsa-putra hI the| dAsI se janmA vidura bhI unakA hI putra vyAsatIrtha - Apane nyAyAmRta, tarkatAMDava, tAtparyacaMdrikA, thaa| ApakA Azrama sarasvatI ke kinAre para thaa| vahIM se ve maMdAramaMjarI Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| unameM se nyAyAmRta hastinApura Ate-jAte the| ve kaurava-pAMDavoM ko sadA upadeza ko dvaitavAda kA sarvazreSTha graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| madhusudana sarasvatI diyA karate the| pAMDava jaba vanavAsa meM the, usa samaya unhoMne ne apane advaitasiddhi nAmaka graMtha meM usakA khaMDana kiyA hai| yudhiSThira ko pratismRti nAmaka siddhavidyA dI thii| kRSNa jaba isI nyAyAmRta graMtha se dvaita va advaita-saMpradAyoM meM prakhara vAgayuddha svarga sidhAre to arjuna unakI patniyoM ko lekara hastinApura prAraMbha huA jo abhI taka khaMDana-maMDana ke rUpa meM cAlU hai| , lautte| mArga meM una para AbhIra-gaNoM ne AkramaNa kiyaa| arjuna vyADi - dAkSi yA dAkSAyaNa ke nAma se bhI jnyaat| pANini unakA pratikAra nahIM kara ske| vivhala ho arjuna jaba vyAsa ke maamaa| guru-shaunk| pitaa-vydd| "saMgraha" nAmaka graMtha ke ke pAsa pahuMce, to unhoMne kAlacakra kI anivAryatA unheM samajhAyIracayitA (pANinIya zAstra para vyaakhyaan)| vAhIka (satalaja kAlamUlamidaM sarvaM jagabIjaM dhanaMjaya / tathA sindhu kI antarvedI) ke nivaasii| kAla-bhAratIya yuddha kAla evaM samAdatte punareva yadRcchayA ke pazcAt 200 varSa tk| anya racanAeM- vyAkaraNazAstra sa eva balavAn bhUtvA punarbhavati durbalaH / 462 / saMskRta vAGmaya kAza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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(ma.bhA. mausala 8-33-34) artha kAla sabhI jAgatika ghaTanAoM kA evaM vizva-saMhAra kA bIja hai| kAla hI apanI zakti se vizva ko khA jAtA hai| kabhI vaha balavAn hotA hai, kabhI durbl| vyAsajI ke putra the zuka jo bacapana se hI vItarAga the| janaka se AtmajJAna prApta kara ve jIvanmukta ho gaye the| unhoMne himAlaya se hokara nirvANa mArga para bar3hane kA nizcaya kiyA / vyAsajI isase vyathita hue| apanA jIvana arthazUnya mAnakara unhoMne AtmahatyA kA nirNaya kiyaa| usa samaya bhagavAn zaMkara ne darzana dekara unheM parAvRtta kiyaa| vyAsa nAmaka koI vyakti the yA nahIM, isa bAre meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne sandeha vyakta kiyA hai para bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne unheM mAnya kiyA hai| ve vaidika RSi the| parAzara pitA evaM vasiSTha pitAmaha, yaha paraMparA brAhmaNa evaM upaniSadoM meM bhI avicchinna hai| bodhAyana evaM bhAradvAja ke gRhyasUtra meM bhI vyAsajI kA ullekha parAzara putra ke rUpa meM hai / pANini bhI eka sUtra meM kaha gaye haiM ki vyAsa parAzara putra the / (aSTAH 4-3-110) Adya zaMkarAcArya ne apanI guruparaMparA vyAsajI se hI batalAI hai| bauddha sAhitya meM kRSNa dvaipAyana nAma kaNhadvaipAyana batAyA gayA hai| unheM buddha kA hI eka avatAra mAnA hai| azvaghoSa ke sauMdaranaMda nAmaka graMtha meM vyAsa aura unake pUrvajoM kA nirdeza hai| purANa paraMparA meM to unheM isa bhAMti namana kiyA gayA hai : vyAsaM vasiSThAnaptAraM zakteH pItrakalpam / parAzarAtmajaM vande zukatAtaM taponidhim / / bhAratIya saMskRti kA sarvAMga yathAvat jJAna prApta karanA ho, to vyAsa racita graMthoM kA adhyayana karanA aparihArya hai| vyAsasAhitya bhAratIya saMskRti kA merudaMDa hai / vyAsaracita evaM vyAsa - saMpAdita graMthoM ko "vyAsacaryA" kahA gayA hai| varAhapurANa ke anusAra ( 175-9 ) "vyAsacaryA" ke adhyayana se AtmA vizada evaM zuddha banatI hai| 1 Adiyuga meM jaba vedAdhyayana kaThina hone lagA, to vyAsajI ne yajJasaMsthA ke liye upayukta aura paraMparA se veda Tike rahe isa dRSTi se veda rAzi ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA aura apane cAra ziSyoM ko unakA jJAna kraayaa| bahuRcAtmaka Rgveda saMhitA paila ko, nigadAkhya yajurvedasaMhitA vaizampAyana ko, chaMdoga nAmaka sAmavedasaMhitA jaiminI ko evaM AMgirasI nAmaka atharvasaMhitA sumaMtu ko dI / vyAsakRta yaha veda-vibhAjana sarvamAnya huA hai| vedoM meM bhagavAn ke nirvizeSa rUpa kA jo pratipAdana huA hai, usake pratipAdana kI abhivyakti kA darzana apane "brahmasUtra" dvArA prastuta kara, Apane eka baDI kamI pUrI kii| vyAsakRta brahmasUtra meM adhyAtma ke siddhAnta sUtrarUpa meM grathita kiye gaye haiN| zaMkarAcArya nibArkAcArya, rAmAnujAcArya, vallabhAcArya, madhvAcArya Adi AcAryoMne brahmasUtra ko hI AdhAra mAna kara apane-apane darzana nirmANa kiye| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prAcIna kAla meM purANoM kA svarUpa avyavasthita thA / vaha sUtamAgadhoM ke vibhinna guToM meM bikharA huA thaa| vyAsajI ne use ekatra kara subaddha purANasaMhitA taiyAra kI aura apane ziSya lomaharSaNa ko usakA prasAra karane kI AjJA kii| lomaharSaNa vyAsa - saMhitA ke AdhAra para apanI eka purANa - saMhitA taiyAra kI aura apane chaha ziSyoM ko usakA prasAra karane ke liye khaa| isa bhAMti mUla eka purANa ke 18 purANa bne| isa prakAra purANa vAGmaya ke pravartaka vyAsa hI the / unakI samasta graMtha saMpadA meM mahAbhArata kI mahimA alaukika hai / vyAsajI kI kIrti kA vaha jayastaMbha hai| use "paMcama veda" kahA gayA hai 1 himAlaya ke nara-nArAyaNa nAmaka do parvatoM ke bIca se bhAgIrathI pravAhita hai| usake kinAre vizAlA badarI nAmaka sthAna hai| mahAbhArata yuddha ke bAda vahIM apanA Azrama sthApita kara unhoMne nivAsa kiyA, evaM tIna varSoM taka satata kAryarata raha kara, "mahAbhArata" kI AdyasaMhitA taiyAra kii| apane graMthoM dvArA vyAsajI ne rAjasattA kA vistRta aura suyogya mArgadarzana kiyA hai| unake matAnusAra rAjadharma bigar3a gayA to veda, dharma, varNa, Azrama, tyAga, tapa, vidyA sabhI kA nAza hotA hai| Apane dharma kA jo vivecana kiyA hai, vaha unake mahAna RSitva kA darzana hai| vyakti, rASTra, samagra jIvana, loka aura paraloka kA jo "dhAraNa" karatA hai, vahI dharma hai, yaha unakI vyAkhyA hai| dharma jIvana-dhAraNa kI uttama vastu hai, to jIvana bhI utanA hI mUlyavAn honA caahiye| unake anusAra jIvana rone ke liye nahIM, vaha AnaMdamaya hai| ve jisa bhAMti karmavAda ko mAnate hai usI bhAMti daivavAda ko bhI unakA kendrabindu devatA nahIM, manuSya hai| guhyaM brahma tadidaM bravImi / na hi mAnuSAcchreSThataraM hi kiMcit / (ma.bhA. zAMti 1-10-12) artha - maiM yaha rahasyajJAna Apako karAtA hUM ki isa saMsAra meM, manuSya ko choDa kara aura koI zreSTha nahIM / isI kAraNa unhoMne puruSArtha kA upadeza kiyA / pANi yAne hAtha yAne puruSArtha isI liye unhoMne indra ke mukha se "pANivAda" kI prazaMsA kI hai| aho siddhArthatA teSAM yeSAM santIha pANayaH / atIva spRhaye teSAM yeSAM santIha pANayaH / / pANimadbhyaH spRhA'smAkaM yathA tava dhanasya vai / For Private and Personal Use Only saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 463

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na pANilAbhAdadhiko lAbhaH kazcana vidyte| zAstrArtha meM parAsta karate hue inhoMne apane pAMDitya kA paricaya diyaa| (ma.bhA. zAMti 180-11-1) ___vyAsarAya ke jIvana kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kAla AraMbha artha - jinake hAtha haiM, ve kyA nahIM kara skte| ve hotA hai 1509 I. se jaba vijayanagara ke siMhAsana para siddhArtha haiN| jinake hAtha haiM, ve mujhe acche lagate haiN| jaisI kRSNadevarAya ArUDha hue| kRSNadevarAya svayaM kavi the aura tujhe dhana kI AkAMkSA hai, usI prakAra mujhe hAtha kI, pANilAbha guNagrAhI bhii| vyAsarAya ko ve apane "kula-devatA" ke samAna se baDha kara aura koI lAbha nhiiN| mAnate the| vyAsa rAya unake guru bhI the| rAjA ne unheM aneka __mahAbhArata likhane ke bAda vyAsa udAsa ho gaye the| eka gAMva dAna meM diye the| usa yuga ke zilAlekha isake sAkSI bAra nArada muni se bheMTa huii| unake parAmarza para unhoMne haiN| 1530 I. meM rAjA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt acyuta rAya ke bhAgavata-purANa kI racanA kii| kRSNacaritra kA varNana usameM zAsana-kAla meM bhI vyAsa rAya kI pratiSThA tathA maryAdA pUrvavat kiyaa| zrImadbhAgavata bhakti kA mahAkAvya banA aura vyAsajI akSuNNa banI rhii| di. 8 mArca 1539 ko vyAsa rAya kI ke mana kI udAsInatA bhI dUra huii| aihika lIlA samApta huii| tuMgabhadrA nadI ke "nava vRMdAvana" ___ "mahAbhArata' ke aMta meM jo cAra zloka haiM, unheM nAmaka TApU para inake bhautika avazeSa samAdhistha kiye gaye "bhArata-sAvitrI" kahA jAtA hai| vyAsajI ne mAnava jAti ko jo Aja bhI vahAM vidyamAna haiN| inakA pIThAdhIzvara rahane kA usameM zAzvata sandeza diyA hai|| kAla 61 varSa (1478 I. 1539 I.) mAnA jAtA hai| na jAtu kAmAnna bhayAnna lobhAt vyAsarAya dvaita-saMpradAya ke dvitIya pratiSThApaka haiN| madhva ne dharmaM tyajejjIvitasyApi hetoH apanI alaukika pratibhA ke bala para jisa dvaita-mata kA pravartana dharmo nityaH sukhaduHkhe tvanityeH / kiyA thA, usake virodhiyoM ke siddhAMtoM kA prabala khaMDana tathA jIvo nityo heturasya tvnityH| mImAMsA, nyAyAdi zAstroM ke AdhAra para svamata artha - kAma, bhaya yA lobha kiMbahunA jIvita ke bhii| kA yuktiyukta maMDana karate hue, inhoMne dvaita-mata kA prAbalya kAraNa se dharma kA tyAga mata karo kyoM ki dharma zAzvata hai| evaM prAmukhya sadA ke liye sthApita kara diyaa| isI prakAra sukha-duHkha anitya haiN| jIva (AtmA) nitya hai, janma-mRtyu nyAyAmRta, tAtparyacaMdrikA tathA tarka-tANDava jaise zreSTha graMthoM kA anitya haiN| praNayana kara, inhoMne akhila bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM apanI apUrva vyAsarAya - dvaita-mata ke "munitraya' meM aMtima muni tathA pratiSThA sthApita kii| kahate haiM ki jaba maithila naiyAyika pakSadhara mAdhva-mata kI guru-paraMparA meM 14 veM guru| madhya tathA jayatIrtha mizra dakSiNa gae, taba unhoMne vyAsa rAya kI prazaMsA meM kahA thAke sAtha meM vyAsarAya dvaita-saMpradAya ke "munitraya" meM samAviSTa yadadhItaM tadadhItaM yadanadhItaM tadapyadhItam hote haiN| apane pragADha pAMDitya, udAtta caritra evaM gaMbhIra sAdhanA pakSadhara-vipakSo nAvekSi vinA navInavyAsena / / ke kAraNa inheM "dvitIya madhvAcArya" mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne vyAsarAya kevala tArkika-ziromaNi hI na the, pratyuta bhaktirasa apane pAMDityapUrNa bhASyoM ke dvArA bhAratIya dArzanika goSThI meM se snigdha kannaDa bhASIya sarasa gItiyoM ke racayitA bhI the| daita-darzana ko uccatama stara para pratiSThita kiyA aura bhArata ke inake pada Aja bhI sAdhakoM tathA saMtoM ke mArga-pradarzaka haiM dArzanika itihAsa meM dvaita-vedAMta ko zAstrIya pratiSThA prApta kraaii| aura kannaDa-kavitA ke gauravasvarUpa mAne jAte haiN| inake somanAtha ne "vyAsa-yogi-carita" nAmaka apane aitihAsika pAMDityapUrNa graMthoM ne dvaita-vedAMta ke itihAsa meM eka naI zailI kAvya meM vyAsarAya kA caritra vistArapUrvaka diyA hai| vaha sarvathA ko janma diyA, jo aba "navya vedAMta' ke nAma se prakhyAta prAmANika tathA itihAsasaMgata hai tadanusAra inakA janma maisUra hai| advitIya tArkika hone ke sAtha hI, vyAsarAya madhura kavi ke eka gAMva meM 1460 I. ke AsapAsa huaa| pitA vallaNNa tathA naiSThika sAdhaka bhI the| inhIMke ziSya puraMdaradAsa ne kannaDa sumati the kshyp-gotrii| brahmaNyatIrtha inake dIkSAguru the| unakI bhASA meM sarasa padoM evaM gItiyoM kI racanA kara vahI kIrti 1475-76 I. meM Akasmika mRtyu hone ke kAraNa vyAsarAya __ arjita kI, jo hindI-jagat meM saMta sUradAsajI ko prApta hai| ko zAstroM ke adhyayana kA avasara na mila skaa| pIThAdhipati isa prakAra kannaDa meM "dAsakUTa" (bhramaNazIla padagAyaka saMta) banane ke pazcAt hI ye dakSiNa bhArata ke vizruta vidyApITha meM ke udbhAvaka ke rUpa meM tathA sudUra baMgAla meM apane prabhAva adhyayanArtha kAMcI gae, aura vahAM para nyAya-vedAMta kA pAMDitya kA vistAra karane meM vyAsarAya advitIya haiN| arjita kiyaa| zrIpAdarAja nAmaka paMDita se bhI inhoMne dvaita-zAstroM ___vyAsarAya ne 8 graMthoM kA nirmANa kiyA jinameM 3 graMtha kA vizada adhyayana kiyaa| inakI kIrti cAroM ora phailane mUrdhAbhiSikta kRtiyAM mAna sakate hai| ve haiM- nyAyAmUta, tAtparya-caMdrikA lgii| caMdragiri ke zAsaka sAluva narasiMha ne inakA baDA aura tarka-tAMDava / inheM "vyAsatraya" ke samaveta nAma se abhihita Adara-satkAra kiyaa| unakI rAjasabhA meM aneka paMDitoM ko kiyA gayA hai| tInoM hI graMtha samaveta rUpa se dvaita-vedAMta ke 464 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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itihAsa meM mahattvapUrNa tathA avismaraNIya sthAna prApta karane meM pUrNataH saphala siddha hue haiN| vyomazivAcArya - vaizeSika-darzana ke eka bhaassykaar| prazastapAdabhASya para ApakI likhI TIkA kA nAma hai "vyomvtii"| udayanAcArya ne kiraNAvalI meM "AcAryAH" kahakara ApakA gaurava kiyA hai| rAjazekhara ne bhI nyAyakaMdalI meM bhASyakAroM kI sUcI meM Apako prathama sthAna diyA hai| isI se ApakA kAla I. 10 vIM zatI ke pUrva anumAnita hai| zrIdhara, zivAditya Adi vaizeSika AcArya pratyakSa evaM anumAna isa bhAMti pramANa dvaya mAnate hai kintu vyomazivAcArya zabda ko bhI svataMtra pramANa mAnate haiN| zaMkara dIkSita - samaya-I. 18 vIM shtii| kAzI nareza cetasiMha ke smkaaliin| kAzInivAsI mahArASTrIya braahmnn| pitA-bAlakRSNa (sNskRt-rcnaakaar)| pitAmaha-DhuNDirAja (zAhavilAsagIta tathA mudrArAkSasa kI TIkA ke rcyitaa)| kRtiyAM- pradyumnavijaya (nATaka), gaMgAvatAra aura zaMkaracetovilAsa (cmpuu)| zaMkaracetovilAsa caMpU meM kAzI nareza cetasiMha kA caritra varNita hai| Apa buMdelakhaMDa ke rAjA sabhAsiMha ke bhI kucha kAla taka sabhApaMDita rahe the| zaMkarabhaTTa - I. 17 vIM sdii| svayaM ko "mImAMsAdvaita-sAmrAjyanItijJa" kahalavAte the| pitA-kAzI ke suprasiddha dharmazAstrajJa evaM mahAmImAMsaka nArAyaNabhaTTa / pArthasArathI mizra kI "zAstradIpikA" ke dUsare bhAga para Apane prakAza nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| ApakA prasiddha graMtha hai "dvaitnirnny"| isa graMtha meM kRSNajanmASTamIvrata, navarAtravrata, saMnipAtAzauca Adi ke matamatAMtaroM para mImAMsAzAstra ke AdhAra para nirNaya diye gaye haiN| mImAMsA-bAlaprakAza yaha graMtha, pUrvamImAMsAsUtroM ke siddhAMtoM kA bAlasubodha padyAtmaka vivecana hai| isake atirikta nirNayacaMdrikA, vratamayUkha, vidhirasAyana, zrAddhakalpasAra, Izvarastuti Adi graMthoM kI bhI racanA Apane kI hai| siddhAMtakaumudI ke racayitA bhaTTojI dIkSita Apake ziSya aura bhagavadbhAskara nAmaka bRhat graMtha ke lekhaka nIlakaMTha Apake putra the| (2) I. 17 vIM sdii| eka dharmazAstrakAra aura miimaaNsk| pitaa-niilkNtth| pitA ke dharmazAstraviSayaka "saMskAramayUkha" graMtha meM zaMkara bhaTTa ne bahuta sahAyatA kii| Apake graMtha haiMkuMDabhAskara, vratArka, kuMDArka, karmavipAkArka, sadAcAra-saMgraha evaM ekaadshiinirnny| "vratakaumudI" nAmaka eka aura graMtha bhI zaMkara bhaTTa ke nAma para milatA hai kiMtu ye zaMkarabhaTTa kauna haiM, isakA patA nahIM cala paayaa| zaMkara mizra - I. 15 vIM shtii| bihAra pradeza ke darabhaMgA jile meM sarisava nAmaka sthAna para jnm| pitA-bhavanAtha mizra upAkhya DAyAcI.. mImAMsaka the| guru-raghudeva upAdhyAya athavA kaNAda evaM maheza tthaakur| zaMkara mizra ne khaMDanakhAdya-graMtha para TIkA likhI hai| Apa dvaitavAdI eva zivabhakta the| Apake janmasthAna para nirmita siddhezvarI devI kA maMdira Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| ___ anya racanAeM- upaskAra, kaNAdarahasya, Amoda, kalpalatA, kaMThAbharaNa, AnaMdavardhana, mayUkha, vAdivinoda, bhedaratnaprakAza, smRtiparaka tIna graMtha aura ziva-pArvatI-vivAha para gaurIdigaMbara nAmaka prhsn| zaMkaralAla (ma.ma.) - morvii-nivaasii| saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya moravI ke AjIvana prAcArya the| janma- 1842, mRtyu 1918 ii.| janma- kAThiyAvADa (gujarAta) ke prazanora nagara meN| bhAradvAja-gotrI gujarAtI braahmnn| pitA-bhaTTa mahezvara (prathama guru) / dvitIya guru- kezava shaastrii| shaiv| jAmanagara ke rAjA dvArA "mahAmahopAdhyAya" kI upAdhi / moravI ke rAjA dvArA sammAnita / inake smaraNArtha moravI meM "zaMkarAzrama" kI sthApanA kI gaI jahAM prati dina dhArmika kAryakrama hote haiN| inakI sabhI kRtiyAM ziSyoM dvArA prkaashit| kRtiyAM- bAlacarita (mahAkAvya), candraprabhAcarita (gadya-upanyAsa), vipanmitra tathA vidvatkRtyaviveka (nibandha), prayogamaNimAlA (laghukaumudI para TIkA), anasUyAbhyudaya, bhagavatI-bhAgyodaya, mahezvaraprANapriyA, pAMcAlIcarita, arundhatIcarita, prasanna-lopAmudrA, kezava-kRpA-leza-laharI, kailAzayAtrA, bhrAnti-mAyA-bhaMjana, meghaprArthanA, sAvitrI-carita, gopAla-cintAmaNi-vijaya, dhruvAbhyudaya, amara-mArkaNDeya tathA zrIkRSNAbhyudaya ye chAyAnATaka aura bhadrAyu-vijaya nAmaka ruupk| sabhI nATakoM meM chAyAtattva kI pracuratA hai| inake dvArA gujarAtI meM likhita graMtha hai : adhyaatm-rtnaavlii| zaMkarasvAmI - cInI-paramparA ke anusAra diGnAga ke ziSya / dakSiNa bhArata ke nivaasii| bauddha nyAyasaMbaMdhI inhoMne do graMtha likhe- hetuvidyA-nyAyapraveza tathA nyAyapraveza-tarkazAstra / havenasAMga ne I. 647 meM inakA cInI anuvAda kiyaa| zaMkarAcArya (bhagavatpUjyapAda) - I. 7-8 vIM shtii| mahAn yati, graMthakAra, advaita-mata ke pravartaka, stotrakAra, evaM vaidika sanAtana dharma ke saMsthApaka, bhagavAn zaMkarAcArya bhAratavarSa ko eka mahAna vibhUti the| AcArya ke pUrvakAla meM jaina evaM bauddha matoM kA saMgharSa vaidika dharma ke sAtha cala rahA thaa| bauddhoM kA prabhAva adhika thaa| aise samaya vaidika dharma ko kriyAzIla paMDita kI AvazyakatA thii| taba bhagavatpUjyapAda zrIzaMkarAcArya ke rUpa meM yaha puruSazreSTha bhArata ko prApta huaa| AcArya ke janmakAla ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| kucha loga unheM sAtavIM sadI kA mAnate haiM, to kucha nauvIM kaa| lokamAnya tilaka ke anusAra sAtavIM sadI kA aMtima caraNa unakA janmakAla rhaa| prA. baladeva upAdhyAya bhI sAtavIM sadI ke aMtima caraNa se AThavIM sadI ke prathama caraNa kA kAla mAnate haiN| 30 ayAcI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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kerala meM kAlaTI nAmaka eka gAMva hai| isI se saTakara jo nadI hai use alavAI kahate haiN| vahIM zivaguru nAmaka eka taponiSTha naMpUtirI brAhmaNa the| unakI patnI kA nAma viziSTA yA satI thaa| donoM zivabhakta the| ziva kI upAsanA karane para vaizAkha zuddha paMcamI para unheM putraprApti huii| zivakRpA ke kAraNa zaMkara nAma rakhA gyaa| zaMkara ke pitA kI mRtyu kucha hI dinoM bAda ho gii| mAM ne pAMcaveM varSa meM inakA upanayana kraayaa| vidyAdhyayana prAraMbha huaa| zaMkara ke mana meM saMnyAsa lene kI icchA jAgRta huii| mAM kI anumati mila pAnA kaThina thaa| kahate hai eka bAra nadI meM snAna karate samaya eka magaramaccha ne zaMkara kA paira pakar3a liyaa| paira chUTa nahIM rahA thaa| zaMkara ne mAM se kahA ki ve aba baca nahIM skte| unheM marate samaya to saMnyAsa lene kI anumati de| vyathita mAM ne svIkRti dii| usI samaya kucha kevaTa sahAyatArtha dauDe aura zaMkara bacA liye gye| zaMkara ne narmadA-tIra para samAdhi lagAye baiThe govinda yati ke pAsa pahuMcakara unase saMnyAsa-dIkSA lI aura ve zaMkarAcArya bne| isa saMbaMdha meM eka kathA hai| eka bAra guru samAdhistha the| narmadA meM bADha AI thii| unhoMne miTTI kA eka ghaDA guphA ke dvAra para rakha diyaa| bAr3ha kA pAnI usa ghaDe meM jAtA aura vahIM samA jaataa| use guphA meM jAne kA maukA hI nahIM milaa| bADha utara gyii| gurujI jaba samAdhi se uThe, to unhoMne yaha camatkAra dekhaa| AcArya ke sAmarthya kA unheM jJAna huaa| unhoMne kahA- "turanta kAzI jAo, vizvanAthajI kA darzana lo aura brahmasUtra para bhASya likho| veda vyAsa kaha gaye haiM ki jo koI bADha pAnI ghaDe meM samA legA vahI mere brahmasUtra para bhASya likha skegaa|" __ guru kI AjJA lekara AcArya kAzI pahuMce aura / maNikarNikA-ghATa para vedAnta ke pATha dene lge| guru bAraha varSa kA, aura usake ziSya taruNa-prauDha / kAzI ke vidvAnoM ko Azcarya hotaa| inhIM meM eka vidvAna the sdaanNd| ve hI AcArya ke prathama ziSya the| ___ eka dina AcArya madhyAhnakRtya; liye gaMgA kI ora jA rahe the| bIca meM eka cAMDAla aayaa| AcArya ne use haTane ke liye khaa| isa para usa cAMDAla ne vinIta bhAva se kahA- "yativarya, o advaitI! jo paramAtmA sarvatra hai, vahI mujhameM bhI hai| mujhe haTane ke liye sthAna hI kahAM hai| yatirAja, Apa advaita ke pATha hI dete haiM, para vaha buddhi meM hI rahA hai| usakA anubhava nahIM' AcArya avAk raha ge| "tuma mere guru ho" kahakara, unhoMne cAMDAla ko praNAma kiyaa| vaha cAMDAla, sAkSAt kAzI-vizvanAtha the| AcArya ko unhoMne bAda meM darzana diyaa| AcArya vahAM se badarikAzrama kI ora ravAnA hue| mArga meM unhoMne tAMtrikoM dvArA apanAI gaI narabali kI prathA baMda krvaaii| badarI kSetra meM, unheM maMdira meM nArAyaNa-mUrti dikhAI nahIM dii| cInI mUrtibhaMjakoM ke bhaya se vaha nAradakuMDa meM DAlI gaI aura vahAM se use nikAlanA kaThina hai yaha jJAta hote hI, ve alakanaMdA ke nAradakuMDa meM kUda paDe aura nArAyaNa mUrti ko nikAla laaye| phira samArohapUrvaka unhoMne usakI pratiSThA kii| vahAM ke pujArI maMtramukha nahIM the| ataH unhoMne kerala ke vaidika vidvAn bulavAye aura unheM pUjA kA adhikAra sauNpaa| badarIkSetra ke pAsa vyAsatIrtha hai| vahIM vyAsa Azrama hai| kahate haiM vyAsajI ne vahAM "bhArata" kI racanA kI thii| AcArya vahIM gaye aura unhoMne brahmasUtra, gItA va upaniSadoM para bhASya likhe| eka kathA ke anusAra vahIM bhagavAna veda vyAsa ne bhI unheM darzana diye / AcAryajI kI Ayu usa samaya solaha varSa thii| AcArya isake bAda prayAga ravAnA hue| prayAga meM triveNI-saMgama para kumArila bhaTTa kA vAstavya thaa| ve mahA mImAMsaka evaM vaidika karmakAMDa ke prakhara abhimAnI the| vahAM pahuMcane para jJAta huA ki bhaTTa svayaM ko tuSAgni meM jalA rahe haiN| AcAryajI ke prazna para inhoMne kahA ki bauddha dharma kA sapramANa khaMDana karane ke liye, unhoMne usakA sUkSma jJAna nAlaMdA vizvavidyAlaya meM prApta kiyaa| vahIM dharmapAla nAmaka unake guru se vAdavivAda meM unhoMne guru ko parAsta kiyaa| isa gurudroha para ve prAyazcitta le rahe haiN| AcAryajI ke Agraha para bhI bhaTTa nahIM mAne aura unhoMne svayaM ko jalA liyaa| isake bAda AcArya madhyapradeza pahuMce, jahAM mAhiSmatI nagarI meM mahAn karmakANDI maMDanamizra rahate the| mImAMsA-zretra meM unakA zabda pramANa thaa| ataH advaita vedAnta ke abAdhita pracAra ke liye, unheM anukUla karanA Avazyaka thaa| unake sAtha zAstrArtha huA aura AcAryajI vijayI rhe| para unakI patnI ne unheM cunautI dI, unake sAtha zAstrArya meM jaba kAmazAstra ke prazna uThe, to AcArya ne anubhavajJAna ke lie chaha mAha kI avadhi maaNgii| phira usI samaya mRta hue rAjA amaru ke zarIra meM praveza kara unhoMne isa zAstra kI jAnakArI prApta kI, evaM chaha mAha bAda lauTakara zAstrArtha meM vijayI hue| maMDanamizra AcArya ke ziSya bane aura unhoMne apanA sArA vidyAvaibhava advaita siddhAnta ke maMDana meM hI sArthaka kiyaa| zaMkarAcArya apane pravAsa meM kerala meM apane janma grAma phuNce| unakI mAM vahAM mRtyuzayyA para thii| putra kI bheMTa ke bAda unakI mRtyu huii| dharmazAstra ke anusAra saMnyAsI ko apane kisI bhI riztedAra kI aMtyeSTi nahIM karanI caahiye| kintu kisI bhI brAhmaNa ke Age nahIM baDhane se, AcAryajI mAM kA zava kisI bhAMti bAhara le Aye aura ghara ke AMgana meM hI unhoMne aMtyeSTi kii| AcArya ne deza bhara pravAsa kara advaita siddhAnta kA prasAra 466 / saMskata vAGamaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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liye prayAsa eka Akara dharma meM jAve, sabhI kiyaa| aMta meM ve kAzmIra gye| vahAM zAradA ke eka maMdira goviMda ke bIca cAra puruSa haiM : gauDapAda- pAvaka- parAcAryameM vidvAnoM kA vAstavya thaa| vahIM eka pITha thaa| use satyanidhi- rAmacaMdra- goviNd| "sarvajJa-pITha" kahate the| AcArya usI para jAkara baiTha gye| kAzI kA sumerumaTha evaM kAMcI kA kAmakoTi-pITha bhI vidvAnoM ne unase pUchA- "kyA Apa sarvajJa hai" unakI svIkArokti AcArya dvArA nirmita mAnA jAtA hai| kAmakoTi-pITha ke adhipati para, unhoMne unheM aneka prazna puuche| AcArya dvArA samAdhAna ise hI pradhAnapITha mAnate haiN| kucha upapITha bhI nirmANa hue kiyA jAne para, sabhI ne unakA jayajayakAra kiyaa| haiN| ve haiM : kUDalI, saMkezvara, puSpagiri, virUpAkSa, havyaka, AcArya nepAla gye| vahAM pazupatinAtha maMdira para bauddhoM kA zivagaMgA, koppAla, zrIzaila, rAmezvara evaM baagdd| sabhI maThAdhIzoM adhikAra thaa| vaidika pUjAvidhi jAnane vAlA koI nahIM thaa| ko AcArya ne jo upadeza kiyA, use 'mahAnuzAsana' kahA nepAla ke rAjA kI anumati se kerala ne naMpUtIrI brAhmaNa gayA hai| usakI dharmAjJA ke anusAra maThapati apane rASTra kI bulAkara unhoMne unheM pUjA kA kArya saupaa| maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra pratiSThA ke liye Alasa choDa de, apane zAsanapradeza meM sadaiva kiyaa| bhramaNa kara varNAzramoM ke kartavyoM kA upadeza kreN| sadAcAra ___ apanI 31 varSa kI Ayu meM bhASya-lekhana, pracAra digvijaya, baDhAveM, eka maThAdhipati dUsareke adhikAra-kSetra meM jAveM, sabhI maThasthApana Adi pracaMDa kArya Apane pUrNa kiye| aMta meM maThAdhipati bIca-bIca meM ekatra Akara dharmacarcA kareM, dhArmika kedAra-kSetra ko dehatyAga ke liye yogya mAnakara, vaizAkha zukla suvyavasthA ke liye prayAsa kareM, vaidika dharma pragatizIla evaM ekAdazI ke dina isa yatizreSTha ne zarIra tyAga kiyaa| unake akSuNNa rahe, isa hetu dakSa rheN| zAstrajJa vidvAn hI dharma ke niryANa-sthala aura tithi para matabheda hai| mAmale meM niyAmaka ho sakate haiN| ve dharmapIThoM para najara rakheM, AcArya ke cAra pramukha ziSya the| surezvara (maMDanamizra, samaya-samaya para maThapati ke AcaraNa kI jAMca kreN| vidvAna, padyapAda (sanaMdana), hastAmalaka (pRthvIdhara) evaM toTakAcArya cAritryavAn, kartavyadakSa, sadguNI saMnyAsI ko hI pIThAdhiSTita kreN| (giri)| hastAmalaka ke bAre meM kathA hai ki unake pitA AcArya dvArA likhe gaye graMthoM kI saMkhyA 200 se adhika bacce kI vairAgyavRtti dekhakara use AcArya ke pAsa le aaye| AcArya ne bacce se pUchA- tuma kauna ho, kahAM ke ho, kisa mAnI jAtI hai| unameM Adya zaMkarAcArya ke pramANabhUta jo graMtha ' ke ho, uttara milA - nizcita hue haiM, ve haiM : prasthAnatrayI ke bhaassy| (prasthAnatrayI = brahmasUtra, dazopaniSad aura bhagavadgItA) stotroM meM AnaMdalaharI nAhaM manuSyo na ca devayakSo bhagavatI devI para racA gayA hai| zikhariNI vRtta meM 107 zloka na brAhmaNaH kSatriyavaizyazUdrAH / isameM hai| unameM prAraMbhika 41 zlokoM ko AnandalaharI aura na brahmacArI, na gRhI vanastho avaziSTa zlokoM ko saundaryalaharI nAma hai| usa para 30 TIkAeM bhikSurnacAhaM nijbodhruupH|| upalabdha haiN| devI kI yaha stuti rasikajanoM ko AnaMdaprada rahI hai| artha- maiM manuSya nahIM, usI bhAMti deva, yakSa bhI nhiiN| maiM dakSiNAmUrti-stotra zArdUla-vikrIDita vRtta meM hai| isameM vedAnta cAroM vargoM meM se koI nahIM, cAroM Azrama meM se koI nhiiN| _pratipAdana ke sArtha tAMtrika upAsanA ke kucha pAribhASika zabda haiN| meM kevala nijabodharUpa arthAt jJAnarUpa huuN| carpaTapaMjarI (17 zlokoM kA stotra) atyaMta nAdamadhura hai| taba AcArya ne pitA se kahA- yaha baccA Apake kAma usameM vairAgya kA upadeza hai| ise "bhaja goviMdam" kahate hai| kA nhiiN| yaha koI jIvanmukta AtmA hai| ise mere yahAM choddiye| SaTpadI- stotra kA eka prasiddha zloka haiAcArya ne apane ina cAroM ziSyoM kI niyukti cAra pIThoM para kii| padmapAda-govardhanapITha (uDIsA), surezvara-zRMgerIpITha satyapi bhedApagame nAtha tavAhaM na maamkiinstvm| (karnATaka), hastamAlaka-zAradApITha (dvArakA) evaM sAmudro hi taraGgaH kvacana samudro na tAraGgaH / / toTaka-jyotirmaTha (himaaly)| harimIDe-stotra meM viSNu kI praMzasA hai| zivabhujaMgaprayAta meM pracalita graMthoM ke anusAra, AcArya kI guruparaMparA isa bhAMti caudaha zloka haiN| apanI mAM ke aMta meM AcArya ne unake hai- viSNu-ziva- brahmA- vasiSTha-zakti- parAzara- zuka- gauDapAda nimitta zrIkRSNastutipara stotra kI racanA kii| goviMda- shNkr| isa paraMparA ke anusAra, zaMkarAcArya gauDapAda __'sauMdaryalaharI' kAvya-dRSTi se sarasa, prauDha evaM rahasyapUrNa stotra ke praziSya evaM goviMda ke ziSya haiN| AcArya zrIvidyA ke hai| yaha zataka kAvya hai| 41 zlokoM meM taMtravidyA ke rahasya upAsaka the| unake kucha maThoM meM zrIcakra kI sthApanA rahatI evaM 59 zlokoM meM tripurasundarI kA varNana hai| hai| maThapati ke dainika kRtyoM meM zrIcakra kI pUjA kI vidhi prakaraNa graMtha- AcAryajI ne apane advaita vedAnta pracAra hetu bhI hai| AcArya ke saundaryalaharI aura prapaMcasAra ye prakaraNagraMtha jo choTe-bar3e graMtha likhe, unheM 'prakaraNa graMtha' kahA jAtA hai| taMtravidyA ke hI haiN| zrIvidyArNavataMtra ke anusAra, gauDapAda aura isameM kucha pramukha haiM : advaita-paMcaratna, advaitAnubhUti, saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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anAtmazrIvigarhaNa, upadezasAhasrI, dhanyASTaka, vivekacUDAmaNi i.| I.pU. dUsarI zatAbdI se pUrva kA nizcita hotA hai| zaMtanu ke zaMkarAcArya ko kucha loga 'pracchanna bauddha' mAnate haiN| padmapurANa sUtra pANini ke bhI pahale hone cAhiye aisA mata, siddhAMtake nimna zloka kA AdhAra ve lete haiM kaumudI ke vaidika prakaraNa para subodhinI nAmaka TIkA-graMtha ke mAyAvAdamasacchAstraM pracchannaM bauddhmucyte| lekhaka ne aMkita kiyA hai| sUtrakAra zatanu kI paraMparA, pANini mayaiva kathitaM devi kalo brAhmaNarUpiNA / se bhinna pratIta hotI hai| vizeSa bAta yaha ki pracalita mAnyatA paraMtu ve pracchanna bauddha nahIM the yaha svayaM bauddha dRSTi se bhI ke viparIta ve kahate hai ki vedoM ke samAna laukika bhASA meM siddha hotA hai| zAMtarakSita samAna prakAMDa bauddha dArzanika ne bhI pratyeka zabda ko svara hotA hai| arthabheda ke kAraNa svarabheda AcArya ke matoM kI kaTu AlocanA kI hai| hone vAle 'arjuna', 'kRSNa' Adi aneka zabdoM kI svaraviSayaka ama ___ AcArya ne jo advaita siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA, usakA carcA unhoMne isa dRSTi se apane phiTasUtroM meM kI hai| mUlamaMtra hai| zaktivallabha aAla - nepaalii| I. 18 vIM shtii| ___ "brahma satyaM, jaganmithyA, jIvo brahmaiva nAparaH" Atreya gotrI kAnyakubja braahmnn| pitaa-lkssmiinaaraaynn| zakti AcArya ne 32 varSa kI Ayu meM jo sarvaMkaSa kArya kiyA ke upaask| raajniitinipunn| sNgiit-kushl| saMskRta tathA ki vaha vizva meM apUrva hai| dezabhASAoM ke vidvaan| 'jayaratnAkara' nATaka ke prnnetaa| zaMkarAnaMda - I. 11 vIM sdii| bauddha matAnuyAyI trkshaastrii| zakapUta - eka sUktadraSTA raajaa| nRmedha AMgirasa ke putra hone kAzmIrI braahmnn| dharmakIrti kI pramANavArtika evaM saMbaMdha-parIkSA se nArmedha bhI khlaaye| Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala kA 132 vAM para TIkA, apohasaddhi tathA pratibaMdhasiddhi inake graMtha haiN| sabhI sUkta, Apake nAma para hai| isa sUkta kA viSaya mitrAvaruNastuti graMtha tibbatI meM anuvaadit| hai| eka RcA hai - (2) eka advaitI aacaary| I. 14 vIM sdii| vidyAraNya tA vAM mitrAvaruNA dhArayatkSitI khAmI ke guru| inhoMne advaita pracAra ke liye prasthAnatrayI para suSumneSitatvA yajAmasi / TIkA likhii| AtmapurANa nAmaka graMtha kI bhI racanA kI jo yuvoH krANAya sakhyairabhi SyAma rakSasaH / / sarvopaniSadoM kA sAra hai| artha- he iSTa devatAsvarUpa, pRthvI-rakSaka, dhanasampanna mitrAvaruNa, (3) I. 18 vIM sdii| eka dharmazAstrI va miimaaNsk| , ApakI sahAyatA se hI hama yajJadveSI rAkSasoM ko parAjita karate hai| pUrvAzrama kA nAma bAlakRSNa bhtttt| kAzI meM nivAsa / khaMDadeva zacI paulomI - pulAmA asura kI knyaa| Rgveda ke dasaveM ke bhATTadIpikA nAmaka mImAMsA graMtha para inhoMne prabhAvalI nAmaka maMDala kA 159 vAM sUkta Apake nAma hai| isa sUkta meM sapatnI TIkA likhii| dharmazAstra para likhe anya graMtha haiM : (sauta) ke nAza kI prArthanA kI gaI hai| sUrya ko lakSya kara kAlatattva-vivecanasArasaMgraha, triMzacchlokI, nirNaya-sAroddhAra evaM isakA japa kiyA jAtA hai| paatyjnypryog| inake atirikta taMtrazAstra para suMdarI-mahodaya nAmaka yanendro haviSA kRtvya bhavad dyumnyuttamaH / graMtha kI bhI inhoMne racanA kI hai| idaM tadakri asapatnA kilaabhuvm|| zaMkuka - zaMkuka ke mata kA abhinavagupta ne 15 sthAnoM para artha- he havirdatta devatAoM, ApakI kRpA se iMdrasamAna ullekha kiyA hai tathA TIkA ke uddharaNa dekara AlocanA bhI jagadvikhyAta pati mujhe milA hai, maiM Aja sapatnI (sauta) kI kI hai| ye rasazAstra ke vyAkhyAna meM anumitivAdI AcArya pIDA se mukta huI huuN| mAne jAte haiN| rAjataMragiNI meM inheM bhI ajitApIDa ke samaya zaThakopa yati (zaThakopAcArya) - dakSiNa bhArata ke ahobila I. 9 vIM zatI kA kahA gayA hai - maTha ke saptama aacaary| mUla nAma tirumll| kavirbudhamanaHsindhuzazAMkaH shNkukaabhidhH| 'kavi-tArkika-kaNThIrava' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita / kavi vAhinIpati yamuddizyAkarot kAvyaM bhuvnaabhyudyaamidhm| dvArA prshNsit| vijayanagara ke raMgarAja (1575-1598) ke isase siddha hotA hai ki zaMkuka ne 'bhuvanAbhyudaya' nAmaka smkaaliin| racanA- vAsaMtikA-pariNaya nAmaka naattk| kAvya ajitApIDa kI stuti meM likhA thaa| sUkti-muktAvalI zaThakopAcArya - vaiSNavoM ke zrI - saMpradAya ke pradhAna AlavAra / tathA zAGgadharapaddhati se jJAta hotA hai ki zaMkuka ke pitA zrIrAma ke prati madhura bhAvanA se yukta 'sahasra-gIti' nAmaka kA nAma mayUra thaa| ye bANa ke samakAlIna mayUra se bhinna hI hoNge| rasa-bhAvAtmaka graMtha ke rcyitaa| Apane apane sahasra- gIti zaMtanu - vyAkaraNa ke phiTasUtroM ke krtaa| inake saMbaMdha meM graMtha meM bhagavAn rAma kI mAdhuryamayI prArthanA kI hai| rAma ke koI bhI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM haiN| pataMjali ne apane mahAbhASya prati dakSiNa ke AlavAroM kI madhura bhAvanA kA paricaya Apake meM Apake sUtroM kA AdhAra liyA hai| ataH zaMtanu kA kAla, isa graMtha se hotA hai| Apa 'zaThakopa muni' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha the| 468 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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zaThagopa rAmAnuja - I. 19 vIM shtii| racanAeM- kavi-hRdayaraMjinI aura vedgirivrnnn| zataprabhedana vairUpa - virUpa ke putr| Rgveda meM ApakA ullekha nahIM kintu Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 113 veM sUkta ke draSTA / prastuta sUkta iMdrastuti para hai| zatAnaMda - 11 vIM sdii| eka prasiddha vaiSNava jyotiSa-graMthakAra / jagannAthapurI meM nivaas| varAhamihira ke sUryasiddhAnta ke AdhAra para Apane bhAsvatIkaraNa nAmaka karaNagraMtha kI racanA kii| isa graMtha meM kSepaka aura grahagati ke guNaka-bhAjaka zatAMza paddhati se diye gaye haiM jo dazAMzapaddhati se milatI julatI hai| yaha graMtha tithidhuvAdhikAra, grahadhruvAdhikAra, sphuTatithyadhikAra, grahasphuTAdhikAra, tripAtra, caMdragrahaNa, sUryagrahaNa evaM parilekha nAmaka ATha adhikAroM meM vibhAjita hai| malika muhammada jAyasI ke padmAvata nAmaka graMtha meM bhI isakI carcA hai| yaha lokapriya graMtha rahA hai| isake sabhI TIkAkAra uttara-bhArata ke hI haiN| zatrughna (mizra) - I. 15 vIM shtii| mantrArtha-dIpikA nAmaka graMtha ke rcyitaa| graMthakAra ke kathanAnusAra yaha TIkAgraMtha uvaTAcArya kRta yajurvedabhASya, guNaviSNukRta chandogamantrabhASya, halAyudha kA brAhmaNasarvasva aura gauradhara kI vedavilAsinI TIkA ko dekhakara huA hai| snAnamantra, sandhyAmantra, devArcanamantra, zrAddhamantra, SaDaMgazatarudra, vivAhAdi mantra Adi para yaha sarala rUpa se savistara vyAkhyAna hai| zabarasvAmI - IsApUrva 3 rI sdii| mImAMsAsUtra ke prasiddha bhaassykaar| ApakA jIvanacarita upalabdha nhiiN| kucha loga Apako tAmilanADu ke mAnate haiM to kucha uttarabhArata ke| DA. saMpUrNAnaMda kA mata hai ki ApakA janma tamilanADu kA evaM kAryakSetra bihAra rhaa| zabarasvAmI kA vAstava nAma Aditya thaa| ve rAjA the| cAra varNa kI cAra kanyAoM se Apane vivAha kiyA thaa| Apa brAhmaNa rahe hoMge kyoM ki usa kAla meM brAhmaNoM ko cAroM varNo kI striyAM karane kA adhikAra thaa| brAhmaNa strI se hue putra the varAhamihira, kSatriya se bhartRhari evaM vikrama, vaizya se haracaMda vaidya evaM kuzalazaMka tathA zadra se amr| daMtakathA ke anasAra ve jainiyoM ke bhaya se zabara kA veza dhAraNa karate the, ataH zabarasvAmI khlaaye| Apane jaiminI ke mImAMsAsUtra para bhASya likhaa| ise 'zAbara-bhASya' kahate haiN| jaimini ke sUtroM para likhA gayA yaha pahalA graMtha hai| Apa pragata vicAroM ke the| veda evaM yajJa ke prati aMdhazraddhA dUra kara unheM upayuktavAda ke kSetra meM lAkara rkhaa| unakA sArA vivecana tAdhiSThita hai| veda kA prAmANya abAdhita rakhane kA Apane apane bhASya meM prayatna kiyA hai| Apane Izvara ke sthAna para 'apUrva' ko hI mAnya kiyaa| zabarasvAmI ke pUrva-mImAMsA kI svataMtra dArzanika vicAradhArA nahIM thii| bauddhoM kA bhI jora thaa| usa kaThina samaya meM vedoM kI rakSA aura prAmANya abAdhita rakhane kA kArya Apane kiyaa| zaraNadeva - bauddh-mtaavlmbii| samaya-I. 13 vIM shtii| aSTAdhyAyI kI durghaTavRtti ke lekhk| saMskRta bhASA ke jo pada vyAkaraNa se sAdhAraNatayA siddha nahIM hote unakA sAdhutva batAne kA prayAsa isa graMtha meM hai aura yahI usakA vaiziSTya hai| zrIsarvarakSita dvArA inake graMtha kA saMkSepa tathA pratisaMskaraNa huaa| yaha graMtha upalabdha hai| samaya-vi.saM. 12301 zaraphojI (dvitIya) - taMjaura ke zAsaka mahArAja / zAsana-kAla 1800 I. se 1832 I. tk| kumArasaMbhava-campU, smRti-sAra-samuccaya, smRtisaMgraha va mudrArAkSasa-chAyA nAmaka 4 graMthoM ke prnnetaa| ina graMthoM meM se "kumArasaMbhavacampU" kA prakAzana vANI vilAsa presa zrIraMgam se 1939 I. meM ho cukA hai| zarvavarmA - kAtaMtra vyAkaraNa ke kartA / bhRgukaccha (bhaDoca-gujarAta) nivaasii| hAla sAtavAhana ne apanI gAthA saptazatI kI puSpikA meM inheM "dhIsakhA" yAne vidvattA ke kAraNa huA mitra kahA hai| kahate haiM ki kArtikeya kI ArAdhanA kara zarvavarmA ne sarala vyAkaraNa prApta kiyA aura hAla sAtavAhana ko saMskRta 6 mAha meM sikhA dii| kArtikeya ke vAhana kalApaka (mora) para, ise (vyAkaraNa ko) kAlApaka bhI kahA gayA hai| rAjA ne gurudakSiNA ke rUpa meM bhRgukaccha (bhaDoca) rAjya inheM dAna meM diyA thaa| zazakarNa kANva - kaNvakula ke sUktadraSTA / Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala kA nauMvA sUkta Apake nAma para hai| isameM azvinIkumAroM kI stuti hai| zAMDilya (dharmasUtrakAra) - Apastamba zrauta ke rudradattakRta bhASya meM (9-11-12) zANDilya gRhya uddhRta haiN| vaha sAmazAkhA kA gRhya hai aisA kucha vidvAnoM kA tarka hai| zANDilya sUtrakAra yAjuSa the aisA bhI kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai| zAMDilya - bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM zAMDilya ke guru vAtsya batAye gaye haiN| yajJavidhi meM Apa kuzala the| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke 6 se 10veM kANDa meM zANDilya ke matAnasAra vedI kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| gotra-sUcI meM ApakA nAma hai tathA zAMDilya, asita, evaM devala isa gotra ke pravara haiN| zAMDilyavidyA nAmaka tattvajJAnaviSayaka vicAra Apake nAma para hai| Apake anusAra AtmA meM vilIna ho jAnA jIvana kA sAdhya hai| zAMDilyasmRti, zAMDilyatattvadIpikA evaM bhaktimArga kA zAMDilyasUtra nAmaka graMtha ApakI racanAeM haiN| zAtalUrI kRSNasUri - rcnaa-alNkaarmiimaaNsaa| isa graMtha meM rasagaMgAdhara ke matoM kA parAmarza lene kA prayAsa lekhaka ne kiyA hai| anya racanA- saahityklpltikaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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zAMtideva - mahAyAna sampradAya ke prasiddha daarshnik| tAranAtha ke anusAra inakA janma saurASTra (gujarAta) ke rAja-parivAra meM huaa| pitaa-klyaannvrmaa| tArAdevI kI preraNA se rAjyatyAga tathA bauddha mata kA svIkAra / bodhisatva maMjuzrI kI kRpA se dIkSA prApta / mantratantroM ke pUrNa jnyaataa| kucha samaya taka mahArAja paMcasiMhala ke amAtya / nAlandA ke pradhAna vidvAn jayadeva ke shissy| pIThasthavira ke pada para niyukt| racanAeM- (1) zikSA-samuccaya, (2) sUtra-samuccaya aura (3) bodhicaryAvatAra / ina racanAoM kA vistRta varNana bustona ne kiyA hai| zAMtirakSita - I. 8 vIM sdii| bihAra ke bhAgalapura jile meM jnm| prathama vaidika graMthoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| bAda meM bauddha mata ke prati AkarSita hokara nAlaMdA gye| AcArya jJAnagarbha se bhikSudIkSA lii| nAlaMdA mahAvihAra ke pradhAna pIThasthavira bne| 75 varSa kI Ayu taka Apa nAlaMdA meM hI rhe| tibbata ke rAjA kA nimaMtraNa pAkara, Apa aneka kaSTa sahana kara tibbata phuNce| rAjA ke anurodha para bauddha dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| unhIM dinoM tibbata meM mahAmArI phailii| bhUta-pretapUjaka tibbatI zAMtirakSita ko hI kAraNa mAnane lge| ataH unheM tibbata choDanA pddaa| vahAM se ve nepAla gye| do varSa pazcAt ve punaH tibbata gye| isa bAra padmasaMbhava nAmaka AcArya bhI unake sAtha the| ve tAMtrika the| bAda meM aneka vidvAn nAlaMdA se phuNce| bauddha graMthoM kA tibbatI meM anuvAda kiyaa| san 749 meM tibbata meM "samme vihAra" kI sthApanA kii| Apa svataMtra zUnyavAdI AcArya the| ___tattvasaMgraha" nAmaka pAMca hajAra zlokoM kA svataMtra dArzanika graMtha Apane likhaa| sau varSa kI Ayu meM durghaTanA meM ApakI mRtyu huI (762 I.) samme (sAmya) vihAra ke pAsa eka stUpa meM ApakI asthiyAM rakhI gayI thii| stUpa girane ke bAda pAtra, cIvara evaM kapAla sAmye vihAra meM rakhI gyiiN| zAMtisAgara gaNi - tapAgacchIya dharmasAgara gaNi ke praziSya evaM zrutasAgara gaNi ke shissy| Apane kalpasatra para kalpakaumadI nAmaka zabdArtha pradhAna vRtti likhii| (vi.saM. 1707) / graMthamAna 3707 zloka prmaann)| isameM tapAgacchapravartaka kI gaNanA Apane kI hai| zAMtisUri - samaya- I. vikrama kI 12 vIM shtii| janmarAdhanapura (gujarAta) ke pAsa uNa-unnatAyu nAmaka gAMva meN| pitaa-dhndev| maataa-dhnshrii| bAlyAvasthA kA nAma bhIma / thArApada-gacchiya-vijayasiMhasUri dvArA dIkSita / mAlava pradeza meM bhojarAja ke sabhApaNDitoM ko parAjita karane para "vAdivetAla" kI upAdhi se vibhuussit| kavi dhanapAla ke mitr| prdhaanshissy-municndr| graMtha-uttarAdhyayana ttiikaa| (ziSyahitA vRtti) tathA tilkmNjrii-ttippnn| TIkA meM mUla sUtra aura vRtti donoM kA viSada vivecana prAkRta kathAoM ke sAtha kiyA hai| zAkaTAyana - (1) samaya- IsApUrva eka hajAra varSa / eka prAcIna vaiyaakrnn| kucha loga inheM zakaTa-putra mAnate haiM, to pANini ko zakaTa-pautra / pANini ke anusAra Apa kANva-vaMza ke the| Rgveda evaM zukla yajurveda ke prAtizAkhya evaM yAska ke nirukta meM ApakA ullekha AtA hai| pANini Apako zreSTha mAnate hI haiN| (aSTA. 1-4-86-87) / kezava nAmaka graMthakAra ne ApakA gaurava "AdizAbdika" kaha kara diyA hai| vyAkaraNa kA uNAdisUtra ApakI racanA hai| Apake anusAra sAre zabda dhAtusAdhita haiN| bRhadevatA-graMtha meM daivatazAstra viSayaka kucha udAharaNa haiN| zAkaTAyana ne saMbhavataH isa para graMtha likhA hogaa| zAkaTAyana-smRti evaM zAkaTAyana-vyAkaraNa bhI ApakI racanAeM haiM, para eka bhI upalabdha nhiiN| (2) san 9 kA uttraardh| suprasiddha jaina vaiyAkaraNa / "zAkaTAyana-prakriyAsaMgraha" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kara usa para svayaM hI "amoghavRtti' nAmaka TIkA likhii| zAkapUNi - yAskapraNIta nirukta meM uddhRta eka niruktakAra / AtmAnanda-praNIta "asya vAmIya bhASya" meM zAkapUNi niruktakAra kA bAra-bAra ullekha hone ke kAraNa zAkapUNikRta nirukta upalabdha ho aisI saMbhAvanA hai| anya niruktakAroM kI bhAMti zAkapUNi kevala niruktakAra hI nahIM, api tu nighaNTukAra bhI the| inake nighaNTu kA bhI pramANa rUpa se prAcIna graMthoM meM nirdeza milatA hai| zAkapUNi kA anya nAma thA rathItara / zAkapUNi (rathItara) ne tIna RksaMhitAoM kA pravacana kiyA aura phira cauthA nirukta banAyA aisA purANoM meM nirdeza hai| arthAt zAkapUNi RgbhASyakAra, niruktakAra aura nighaNTukAra the| jaise yAskAcArya ne nirukta ke atirikta yAjuSa-sarvAnukramaNi likhI usI taraha zAkapUNi AcArya ne taittirIya saMhitA se saMbaMdhita aura koI graMtha likhA ho aisI saMbhAvanA hai| zAkapUNi, padakAra zAkalya ke kAla ke samIpa evaM zAkhA-pravartaka hone se bhI mahAbhArata kAla ke samIpa hI hue aisA paM. bhagavaddatta kA mata hai| zAkalya - Rgveda ke pdpaatthkaar| inake atirikta dUsare devamitra zAkalya kA purANoM meM varNana milatA hai| unhoMne pAMca saMhitAeM banAI aisA purANoM meM varNana hai| padapAThakAra zAkalya aura paMca-saMhitAkAra zAkalya eka hI haiM; bhinna nahIM, aisA vidvAnoM kA nirNaya hai| zAkalya mahAbhAratakAlIna vyakti haiN| janaka-sabhA meM yAjJavalkya ke sAtha inakA vivAda huA thaa| zAkalya kA padapATha, niruktakAra yAska ko kaI sthAnoM para mAnya nahIM thaa| mAdhyaMdina saMhitA kA padapATha bhI zAkalyakRta ho aisI saMbhAvanA hai| zATyAyani - mUla nAma zaMga para zATya ke vaMzaja hone se zATyAyani yA zATyAyana kahe gye| sAmavidhAna brAhmaNa meM bAdarAyaNa Apake guru batAye gaye haiN| zATyAyana brAhmaNa, maga hA 470 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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zATyAyana gRhyasUtra evaM jaiminIya upaniSad-brAhmaNa ApakI racanAeM mAnI jAtI hai| zAtAtapa - yAjJavalkya evaM pArAzara ke anusAra eka pramukha dhrmshaastrkaar| ApakA smRtigraMtha gadya-padyAtmaka hai| graMtha meM cha: adhyAya aura 231 zloka haiN| prAyazcitta, vivAha, vaizvadeva, zrAddha, azauca Adi viSaya isa smRti meM hai| zAradAtanaya - I. 13 vIM sadI kA madhya / nATy-zAstra evaM rasAsiddhAnta kA vivecana karane vAlA bhAvaprakAzana nAmaka graMtha ApakI racanA hai| yaha dasa adhikAraNoM meM vibhAjita hai| isameM bhAva, rasa, zabdArtha-saMbaMdha, rUpaka ina cAra viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| zAGgadeva - I. 13 vIM sdii| inakA janma kAzmIra ke saMpanna parivAra meM huA thaa| inake pitAmaha bhAskara dakSiNa meM aae| pitA-soDDhala, devagiri ke yAdava-rAjya-saMsthApaka rAjA siMhala (1132-1169 I.) ke lekhApAla the| sNgiitshaastrjny| devagiri ke siMghaNa yAdava ke darabAra meM gaayk| "saMgIta-ratnAkara" graMtha kI Apane racanA kii| isameM svaragata, rAgaviveka, prakIrNaka, prabaMdha, tAla, vAdya, nRtya para kula sAta adhyAya haiN| bharata, mataMga, somezvara, abhinavagupta Adi prAcIna AcAryoM ke matoM kA vivecana bhI zAGgideva ne apane "saMgIta-ratnAkara" meM kiyA hai| ___ zAGgideva ne kahA hai ki unameM sarasvatI nivAsa karatI hai| ve svayaM ko "niHzaMka" kahate hai| isa nAma se unhoMne eka vINA kA AviSkAra kiyA hai| zAgadhara - I. 11 vIM sdii| pitaa-daamodraacaary| vaidyakazAstra para zAGgidharasaMhitA nAmaka graMtha likhA (isake 3 khaMDa aura battIsa adhyAya haiN)| prathama khaMDa meM auSadhiyoM ke guNadharma, unake pariNAma, nidAna evaM cikitsA, zarIra-zAstra, padArthavijJAnazAstra, garbhazAstra Adi viSaya haiN| dUsare vibhAga meM Asava, kaSAya, rasAyana, mAdaka peya kI carcA hai| aMtima khaMDa meM roga-nivAraNa saMbaMdhI upacAra haiN| caraka, suzruta evaM mAdhava se bhI adhika carcA Apake graMtha meM rogoM ke bAre meM hai, nADI-parIkSA ke bAre meM vipula jAnakArI hai| umezacaMdra datta ke anusAra bhasmIkaraNa Adi para likhane vAle Apa sabase prAcIna graMthakAra haiN| rasAyana taiyAra karane meM bhI Apa kuzala the| sonA, cAMdI, loha Adi nirindriya dhAtuoM ke bhasmIkaraNa kI paddhati Apane hI DhUMDha nikaalii| (2) I. 12 vIM sdii| rAjasthAna ke hammIradeva ke darabAra meM the| hammIravijaya aura subhASitazAGgadhara nAmaka do graMthoM kI racanA kii| prathama graMtha lokabhASA meM evaM dvitIya saMskRta meM (4689 padyoM meM) hai| zarvavarmA - I. pU. 405 vrss| inhoMne kAtantra dhAtupATha kA saMkSipta dhAtupATha kiyA thaa| usakA tibbatI anuvAda jarmana vidvAn libiza ne prakAzita kiyA hai| zarvavarmA ne kAtantra vyAkaraNa aura dhAtupATha para bhI vRtti likhI thI jisameM curAdi dhAtuoM meM kriyAphala svagAmI aura paragAmI hone para bhI Atmanepada aura parasmaipada donoM iSTa mAnA gayA hai| pANini ne kriyAphala kartRgAmI hone para curAdi dhAtu kA Atmanepada aura akartRgAmI hone para parasmaipada iSTa mAnA hai| zAlikanAtha mizra - I. 9 vIM sadI ke puurv| gauDa deza meM jnm| prabhAkara paraMparA ke zreSTha mImAMsaka grNthkaar| prabhAkara ke ladhvI evaM bRhatI donoM graMthoM para dIpazikhA evaM RjuvimalA nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| ApakA tIsarA graMtha prkrnnpNcikaa| yaha sarvAdhika lokapriya hai| Apako brAhmaNatvAdi jAtiyAM mAnya nahIM thii| zAligrAma dvivedI - I. 20 vIM shtii| muMbaI meM gokuladAsa tejapAla saMskRta ma.vi. ke chAtra / vyaakrnnshaastrii| kAvyatIrtha nAgeza paNDita tathA acyuta pAdhye ke sAtha "bhrAnta-bhArata" nAmaka nATaka kI racanA kii| zAligrAma zAstrI - lkhnuuvaasii| aashukvi| san 1923 meM saMpanna a.bhA. saMskRta pariSada meM paM. madanamohana mAlavIya ke prazna ke uttara meM Adhunika zikSA paddhati kA doSadarzana karanevAlI racanA- "pAzcAtya-zikSAdUSaNAni / isa uttara se pracura vinoda-nirmiti / san 1931 meM a.bhA. saMskRta kavisammelana meM padyAtmaka adhyakSIya bhASaNa paDhA / zAlihotra - kapila RSi ke putr| Apa azvavidyA ke AcArya the| azvAyurveda para zAlihotrataMtra athavA zAlyahotra nAmaka graMtha Apane likhA hai| agnipurANa ke anusAra (292.44) Apane apane suzruta nAmaka putra ko azvAyurveda kA jJAna kraayaa| zAlihotra graMtha kA anuvAda bAda meM 14 vIM sadI meM arabI meM huaa| laMdana kI iMDiyA hAUsa lAyabrarI meM zAlyahotra kI do pratiyAM surakSita haiN| mahAbhArata ke anusAra zAlihotra eka RSi bhI the| maharSi vyAsa kucha kAla taka Apake Azrama meM the| pAMDava bhI Apase milane vahAM gaye the| zAlihotra rANAyanI-zAkhA ke AcArya bhI the| sAmaveda para Apane chaha saMhitAeM likhiiN| ApakA dUsarA nAma lAMgalI thaa| zAsa bhAradvAja - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 152 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| prastuta sUkta kI prathama RcA meM ApakA ullekha bhI hai| iMdra isa sUkta ke devatA haiM aura unakI stuti isakA viSaya / AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra ke anusAra, yuddha ke liye nikale rAjA kA utsAha baDhAne hetu isa sUkta kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| zAstrAcArya AnandatANDava dIkSita aura somazekhara dIkSita - ina do paMDitoM ne naTasahasram nAmaka ati prAcIna nAmastotra ke bhASya kI racanA kii| zAstrI eca. vI. - I. 20 vIM shtii| bNglaur-nivaasii| "zrIkRSNa-bhikSA" nAmaka rUpaka ke prnnetaa| pI.bI.esa. zAstrI - racanAeM- (1) mekaDaoNnela kI hisTrI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 471 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Apha liTarecara ke vaidika vAGmaya prakaraNa kA saMskRta anuvaad| (2) sarasvatI mahala (taMjaura) ke hastalikhita graMthoM kA 19 khaMDoM meM prkaashn| zAhajI mahArAja - janma-I. 1672 meN| taMjaura ke raajaa| zAsanakAla-1684-1711 ii.| aneka kaviyoM ke aashrydaataa| chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ke sautele bhAI vyaMkojI (ekojI) ke putr| saMskRta kRtiyAM - candrazekhara-vilAsa, zRMgAramaMjarI tathA paMcabhASA-vilAsa nAmaka yakSagAna / hindI kRtiyAM - vizvAtItavilAsa tathA rAdhA-vaMzIdhara vilAsa nAmaka ykssgaan| 'zabda-ratna-samanvaya koza, shbdaarth-sNgrh| Apane telagu aura marAThI meM bhI katipaya racanAeM kI haiN| ziMgabhUpAla * I. 14 vIM sdii| saMgIta va nATyazAstra ke aacaary| AMdhra maMDalAdhipati / viMdhyAcala se zrIzaila taka ke pradeza ke adhipti| rAjAcala raajdhaanii| pitA kA nAma anaMta yA annapota / anveSakoM ke anusAra ziMgabhUpAla aura siMgama nAyaDU, eka hI vyakti ke do nAma haiN| "saMgIta-ratnAkara" para Apane "saMgIta-sudhAkara" nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| nAmazeSa ho cuke aneka prAcIna graMthakAroM ke avataraNa isameM milate haiN| nATyazAstra ke aneka upAdeya viSayoM kI carcA karane vAlA ApakA yaha graMtha anupama hai| rasArNavasudhAkara, raMjakollAsa, rasikollAsa evaM bhAvollAsa nAmaka tIna vilAsoM meM yaha graMtha vibhAjita hai| ziauyaMgAra - racanAeM - kRSNakathArahasyam, zrIkRSNarAjacampU, yaduzailacampU, citrakUTodyAna (yamaka kAvya) aadi| zitikaNTha vAcaspati (ma.ma.) - I. 20 vIM shtii| kRtialaGkAra-darpaNa (kAvyazAstrIya grNth)| ziva - aThArahavIM shtii| yamunAtaTa para vrajapradeza meM rAnera nagara ke nivaasii| "vivekacandrodaya" nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa|| zivakumAra zAstrI - kaashii-nivaasii| janma I. 1848 meM, mRtyu 1919 meN| mAtA-matirANI, pitA-rAmasevaka mitr| inhoMne darabhaMgA rAjavaMza kA varNana, apane kAvya "lakSIdharapratApa" meM kiyA hai| inakI anya kAvya-kRti "yatIndrajIvana-caritam" meM, yogI bhAskarAnanda kA caritra varNita hai| zivadatta tripAThI (paM) - 20 I. vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / puSkara (ajamera) ke nivaasii| racanAeM- 1) zrIkRSNacarita, 2) gadyabhArata (2 bhAga), 3) gadyarAmAyaNa, 4) AstikasmRti, 5) durvAsastRptisvIkAranATaka, 6) zrIdurgAcaritra, 7) zrIsAmAmRtasindhu, 8) sUryazataka, 9) vivAhadigdarzana, 10) vRSabhadevacarita, 11) dAdhIcArigajAMkuza, 12) nItivAkyaratnAvalI, 13) golAbhadarzana, 14) hindUhitavArtA ityAdi / ziva dIkSita - mahAbhArata kI nIlakaNThI TIkAkAra ke vNshj| I. 18 vIM shtii| racanA- dharma-tattvaprakAza / zivanArAyaNa dAsa - I. 13 vIM shtii| utkala ke rAjA gajapati narasiMha deva kA Azraya praapt| nandighoSa-vijaya (kamalAvilAsa) nAmaka pAMca aMkI nATaka ke prnnetaa| zivanArAyaNa dAsa (sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa) - I. 17 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| pitA-durgAdAsa / kAvyaprakAza kI "dIpikA" nAmaka TIkA ke krtaa| zivaprasAda bhAradvAja - I. 20 vIM shtii| ema.e., ema.o.ela. / vizvezvarAnaMda saMsthAna, sAdhu Azrama, hoziyArapura meM praadhyaapk| kRtiyAM - sAkSAtkAra (bhANa), ajeya bhArata (nabhonATya), kesarI-caMkrama (dhvanirUpaka) tathA katipaya padya va nibandha rcnaaeN| zivarAma kavi - I. 19-20 vIM shtii| inhoMne cAra kAvyoM meM rAmacaritra prastuta kiyA hai- (1) hanumatkAvya, (2) hanumadvijaya, (3) rAvaNavadha aura (4) surendracaritakAvya (isameM ahilyoddhAra kI kathA varNita hai)| zivarAma, pANDe - pryaag-nivaasii| racanAeM- eDavarDazokaprakAzana (I. 1910) / eDavarDa-rAjyAbhiSekadarabAram (1903 I.), jArjarAjyAbhiSeka (I. 1911 aura jArjAbhiSekadarabAra / zivarAma zAstrI - zatAvadhAnI vidvAn / racanA-dillIprabhA (san 1911 ke dillI -darabAra kA kAvyamaya vrnnn)| zivarAmendra sarasvatI - "mahAbhASya-ratnAkara' ke lekhk| auphekTa dvArA ullikhita / anya racanAeM- siddhAnta-kaumudI-ratnAkara (TIkA grNth)| zivazaraNa zarmA (DA.) - pitA-satyanArAyaNa dvivedii| maataa-saubhaagyvtii| kAnyakubja braahmnn| janmasthala-bhairamapura, jilA-phatehapura, uttrprdesh| janma-san 1929 meN| vArANasI tathA prayAga meM adhyyn| zAsakIya snAtaka mahAvidyAlaya, datiyA (madhyapradeza) meM sNskRt-praadhyaapk| zrImadbhAgavatAnuzIlana, kAlidAsa aura unakA meghadUta ye do hiMdI prabaMdha hone ke bAda Adhunika viSayoM para jAgaraNam nAmaka saMskRta gIti kAvyoM kA ApakA saMgraha, san 1963 meM prakAzita huA hai| zivasAgara tripAThI - I. 20 vIM shtii| rAjasthAna vi.vi. jayapura meM saMskRta ke vyAkhyAtA / kRtiyAM-gAndhI-gaurava, prANAhuti (ekAMkI) aadi| zivasvAmI - I. 9 vIM sdii| eka saMskRta kvi| kAzmIra meM nivaas| pitA-bhaTTArya svAmI zaivamatAnuyAyI the| caMdramitra nAmaka bauddha paMDita kI preraNA se avadAna kathA para AdhArita "kaphiNAbhyudaya" nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| __ inakA "proktavyAkaraNa" upalabdha nahIM hai| inhoMne apane vyAkaraNa para vRtti bhI likhI hai, dhAtupATha kA bhI pravacana kiyA hai| ye zivayogI se bhinna vyakti haiN| zivasvAmI bauddha haiN| samaya vi.saM. kI 9 vIM shtii| zivayogI vaidika dharmAvalambI, 472 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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vi.saM. kI 13 vIM zatI ke hai| anya racanAeM- kSIrataraMgiNI, mAdhavIyA dhAtuvRtti, (kAtantragaNadhAtuvRtti tathA gaNaratna-mahodadhi meM ullikhit)| vardhamAna kI dRSTi meM zivasvAmI pANini ke samAna mahAn hai| zivAjI mahArAja bhosale - taMjaura ke mahArAja (1883-1855 I.) / "indumati-pariNaya" nAmaka yakSagAnAtmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| zivAditya mizra - I. 10 vIM sdii| Apane apane saptapadArthI graMtha meM vaizeSika siddhAnta kA naiyAyika siddhAnta se samanvaya kiyA hai| "lakSaNamAlA" nAmaka ApakA eka aura graMtha hai| zivAnaMdanAtha - I. 17 yA 18 vIM sdii| mUla nAma kAzInAtha bhtttt| vArANasI meM nivaas| ziva aura zakti ke upaask| dakSiNAcAra ke purskrtaa| vAmAcAra ke kaTTara virodhk| taMtra aura purANoM para anyAnya sATha graMthoM kI racanA kii| zizumAyaNa - pitaamh-maaynnsetttti| pitA-vomaseTTi / mAtA-nemAMbikA / janma-sthAna-hoyasala deza ke antargata nayanApura / guru-kANUragaNa ke bhaanumuni| samaya-I. 13 vIM shtii| graMtha tripuradahanasAMgatya tathA aNjnaacrit| zIlAMka - aparanAma-zIlAcArya evaM tttvaadity| kuzala TIkAkAra / samaya-I. navIM-dasavIM shtaabdii| graMtha-prathama 9 AgamoM para TIkAeM (jinameM Aja do TIkAeM hI upalabdha hai- (1) AcArAMga TIkA aura (2) sUtrakRtAMga ttiikaa)| ina TIkAoM kI lekhanakArya meM zIlAMka ko vidvAnoM kA sahayoga milA thaa| sAMskRtika sAmagrI se samanvita ina TIkAoM ko vivaraNa saMjJA dI gaI hai| ye vivaraNa mUla sUtra aura niyukti para saMskRta bhASA meM haiN| zabdArtha ke sAtha viSaya kA vistRta vivecana inameM hai| saMskRta-prAkRta ke uddharaNoM se vaktavya kI puSTi kI hai| zIlAMka - aprnaam-siilNk| nirvattikula ke AcArya mAnadeva sUri ke shissy| Agama TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya se bhinn| samakAlIna zIlAcArya (aparanAma tattvAditya) se bhI bhinna / graMtha- 1) caMDApanna mahApurisa cariya (saMskRta-prAkRta mizrita bhASAoM meM likhita gadya-padya mizrita grNth)| 10800 shlokprimaann| pumcriy| vimalasUri tathA vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se prabhAvita, 2) vibudhAnanda nATaka, 3) deshiinaam-maalaa| samaya-caMDApanna mahApurisacariya kI racanA vi.saM. 925 meM huii| zukadeva - I. 19 vIM sadI kA puurvaardh| bhAgavata ke dvaitAdvaitI vyaakhyaakaar| siddhAnta-pradIpa nAmaka bhAgavata kI TIkA ke lekhaka / sAMpradAyika mAnyatA ke anusAra mathurA ke "parazurAma-dvAra" nAmaka sthAna para nivaas| guru-sarvezvaradAsa, jinakI vaMdanA zukadeva ne apane siddhAnta-pradIpa ke maMgalAcaraNa meM kI hai| ___ "sarvezvara" patra ke anusAra vikrama saM. 1897 (= 1840 I.) meM salemAbAda ke jagadguru-pITha para AsIna hone ke liye inase prArthanA kI gaI thI, kintu nitAMta virakta hone ke kAraNa inhoMne yaha pada svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| zukadeva ne baDI niSThA se bhAgavata kI vyAkhyA apane saMpradAyAnusAra kI hai| isa zrIkA-saMpatti ke liye nibArka-saMpradAya inakA sadaiva RNI rhegaa| zanahotra bhAradvAja - bharadvAja ke putra / putra kA nAma gRtsamada / Rgveda ke chaThe maMDala ke taitIsa aura cauMtIsaveM sUkta ke draSTA / iMdrastuti inakA viSaya hai| zubhaMkara - I. 15 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| "saMgIta dAmodara" ke krtaa| yaha racanA rAjA dAmodara ko arpita kI gaI hai| inakI dUsarI racanA hai "nAradIya-zikSA" kI TIkA / zubhacandra - zubhacandra nAma ke aneka AcArya hue hai| prastuta zubhacandra, I. 11-12 vIM zatI meM hue| kahA jAtA hai, zubhacandra aura bhartRhari ujjayinI ke rAjA sindhula ke putra the| donoM baDe zaktizAlI the| unakI zakti ko dekhakara muMja rAjA ne unheM nAmazeSa karane kA SaDayantra kiyaa| isakI jAnakArI hone para donoM bhAiyoM ne saMnyAsa le liyaa| zubhacandra digambara jaina muni hue aura bhartRhari kaula tpsvii| bhartRhari ne kucha vidyAeM sIkhIM jinheM zubhacandra ko bhI btaayaa| para zubhacandra ne samajhAyA"yadi yahI karanA thA, to saMnyAsI kyoM hue|" bhartRhari ko samajhAne ke lie hI zubhacandra ne "jJAnArNava' kI racanA kii| yaha graMtha mahAkAvya ke samAna sargoM meM vibhakta hai| sarga 42, aura zloka 2107 hai| inameM bAraha bhAvanA, paMca mahAvrata, cAra dhyAna Adi kA vistRta vivecana hai| isa graMtha para pUjyapAda ke samAdhitaMtra aura iSTopadeza kA prabhAva adhika hai| amRtacandra, amitagati, jinasena hemacaMdra Adi se bhI yaha prabhAvita hai| zubhacandra - bhaTTAkara vijayakIrti ke shissy| jIvanakAla-vi.saM. 1535-1620 / bahubhASAvijJa / kAryakSetra-gujarAta aura rAjasthAna / racanAeM-candraprabhacarita, karakaNDucarita, kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, candanAcarita, jIvandharacarita, pANDavapurANa, zreNikacarita, sajjanacittavallabha, pArzvanAtha kAvyapaMjikA, prAkRtalakSaNa, adhyAtmataraMgiNI, ambikAkalpa, aSTAhnikI kathA, karmadahanapUjA, candanaSaSThIvrata pUjA, gaNadharavalaya pUjA, cAritryazuddhividhAna, paMcakalyANa pUjA, pallIvratodyAna, teraha dvIpapUjA, puSpAMjalivratapUjA, sArddhadvayadvIpa pUjA aura siddhckrpuujaa| inake atirikta zubhacaMdra ke kucha hindI graMtha bhI prApya haiN| zubhacandra - krnaattkvaasii| dAsUragaNa ke vidvAna / balAtkAragaNa ke zubhacandra se bhinna vyktitv| samaya-I. 14 vIM shtii| grNth'ssttdrshn-prmaann-prmey-sNgrh"| zUdraka - "mRcchakaTika" nAmaka prakhyAta rUpaka ke krtaa| ukta prakaraNa ke eka zloka ke anusAra zUdraka eka mahAn kSatriya rAjA the| Rgveda, sAmaveda, gaNitazAstra, lalitakalA, tathA hAthiyoM ko prazikSita karane kI vidyA unheM jJAta thii| azvamegha yajJa bhI Apane kiyA thaa| ApakI Ayu sau varSa aura dasa dina kI rhii| Akhira svayaM hokara Apane agnipraveza kiyaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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prAcIna itihAsa-purANoM meM zUdraka nAmaka ekAdhika rAjA hai| artha- vizvAsa para hI dharohara rakhI jAtI hai, makAna kI kahate haiM ki zUdraka yAne saMvatsara-saMsthApaka vikramAditya the| majabUtI para nhiiN| rAjazekhara ne eka zUdraka kA ullekha kiyA hai jinake darabAra sAhase zrIH prativasati / meM rAmila aura somila nAmaka do kavi the aura ina donoM artha- sAhasa meM saMpatti rahatI hai| kaviyoM ne mRcchakaTika kI racanA kii| kAlidAsa ke saMskRta ke suprasiddha prAcIna nATakakAroM meM kAlidAsa evaM mAlavikAgnimitra meM saumillaka kA ullekha hai| isa AdhAra bhAsa ke samAna zUdraka kA sthAna atyucca hai| unakA mRcchakaTika para kAlidAsapUrva kAla ke rAjA hone caahiye| nAmaka nATaka sArvakAlika lokAbhiruci kI kRti bana paDI ___ kathAsaritsAgara meM bhI eka zUdraka kA ullekha hai jinheM hai| nATyazAstra kI vihita maryAdA kA ullaMghana karate hue sau varSa kI Ayu milI thii| ye zUdraka haiM AbhIra rAjA zUdraka ne isa nATaka kI racanA kI hai| zivadatta (san 250) / hAla hI meM bhAsa kRta nATaka ke rUpa zRMgArazekhara - 14 vIM shtii| aandhrvaasii| meM do nATaka mile haiN| unameM daridracArudatta nAmaka cAra aMka abhinayabhUSaNa nAmaka saMgIta zAstra viSayaka graMtha ke lekhk| kA apUrNa nATaka hai| isameM aura mRcchakaTika ke pUrva bhAga zevaDe, vasanta, tryambaka - janma- san 1918 / naagpur-nivaasii| meM bahuta sAmya hai| paMDitoM kA tarka hai ki mRcchakaTika bhAsa racanA-vRttamaMjarI (vRttalakSaNAtmaka kaavy)| isameM bhagavatIstotra kI yA anya kisI kI sampUrNa kRti thii| daridracArudatta, usI / ke udAharaNa, usI vRtta meM diye gaye haiM tathA lakSaNanAmAdi bhI kA saMkSepa hai| darzita kiye gaye haiN| ___bANa ne kAdaMbarI meM aura daMDI ne dazakumAracarita meM zUdraka inakI raghunAthatArkika-ziromaNi-caritam nAmaka trisargAtmaka, kA ullekha kiyA hai| kucha paMDitoM ne skaMda-purANa kA AdhAra ___127 zlokoM kI racanA, "sArasvatI suSamA" (aM. 3-4 va lekara kahA hai ki AMdhrabhRtya-vaMza ke saMsthApaka zimuka evaM 12) meM prakAzita huI hai| isake atirikta zubhavijaya nAmaka zUdraka eka hI the| paM. caMdrabalI pAMDe ke anusAra zUdraka hI Apake mahAkAvya ko uttarapradeza akAdamI kA 1985 meM sAhitya vAsiSThIputra pulumAyI haiN| avaMtisuMdarI-kathAsAra graMtha meM iMdrANIgupta akAdamI kA puraskAra prApta huA hai| uttara AyuSya meM vArANasI kA dUsarA nAma zUdraka diyA gayA hai| nivaas| ina sAre matamatAMtaroM se mRcchakaTika kI racanA kisane kI zevAlakara zAstrI - 20 vIM shtii| vidrbh-nivaasii| racanAisakA nirNaya nahIM ho paataa| para yaha nizcita hai ki vaha jo "puurnnaanndcritm"| isameM I. 19 vIM zatI ke prasiddha vaidarbhIya koI bhI ho, dakSiNa bhArata kA thaa| isa nATaka meM sAdhu zrIpUrNAnanda svAmI kA caritra grathita hai| (50 adhyAyoM "karnATakalahaprayoga" evaM dakSiNa ke draviDa, cola Adi kA meN)| lekhaka ne svayaM isa kAvya kA marAThI anuvAda bhI kiyA ullekha hai| isa nATakakAra ko saMskRta ke sAtha prAkRta bhASA hai| Apa kIrtana kalA meM nipuNa the| kA aura jyotiSa evaM dharmazAstra kA acchA jJAna thaa| vaha zeSakRSNa - I. 16 vIM shtii| pitaa-nrsiNh| kAzI meM zivabhakta aura yogAbhyAsI bhI thaa| taNDanavaMzI rAjA govindacandra kA Azraya praapt| "govindArNava" ___ kavi ke rUpa meM zUdraka, bhavabhUti evaM kAlidAsa kI barAbarI nAmaka dharmazAstra viSayaka graMtha kI racanA kii| kAzI meM ke the| vaiyAkaraNa-paramparA kI sthApanA kI, jisameM Age calakara bhaTTojI udayati hi zazAGkaH kAminIgaNDapANDuH tathA nAgojI Adi vidvAn hue| jyeSTha bandhu cintAmaNi ne grahagaNaparivAro raajmaargprdiipH| rukmiNIharaNa nAmaka rUpaka tathA rasamaMjarI-parimala kI racanA timira-nikaramadhye razmayo yasya gaurAH kii| putra vIrezvara ne paNDitarAja jagannAtha, bhaTTojI tathA anaMbhaTTa srutajala iva pake kSIradhArAH ptnti|| ko zAstrIya jJAna meM dIkSA dii| tatkAlIna kAzirAja "govardhanadhArI" kA Azraya praapt| unakI vidvadgoSThI ke sdsy| kRtiyAMartha- kAminI ke kapAla samAna sapheda, grahagaNa se ghirA, kriyAgopana-rAmAyaNa (campU)- pArijAtaharaNa (kAvyamAlA muMbaI rAjamArga kA dIpa caMdramA udita huA hai| ghane andhaHkAra meM se 1926 I. meM prakAzita), uSApariNaya, satyabhAmA-vilAsa / sapheda kiraNa, retI ke kIcaDa meM dUdha kI dhArA jaise barasa rahe haiN| (rUpaka)- murArivijaya, muktAcarita, satyabhAmA-pariNaya aura kucha subhASita dekhiye - kNsvdh| alpaklezaM maraNaM dAridrayayamanantakaM duHkhm| zeSakRSNa - prakriyAkaumudI-prakAza (vRtti) ke lekhaka / prakriyAartha- marane meM dukha thoDA sA hotA hai, to dAridra meM dukha kaumudIkAra rAmacandra ke bhrAtRja tathA ziSya / samaya I. 16 vIM shtii| samApta hI nahIM hotaa| puruSeSu nyAsAH nikSipyante na punrgehessu| . zeSagiri - I. aThArahavIM zatI kA mdhy| pitA-zeSagirIndra / 474 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAtA - bhAgIrathI / Andhra pradeza ke rAlapallI ke nivaasii| gaisUra nareza kRSNarAja dvitIya (1734-1766 I.) ke adhyApaka / kalpanAkalpaka nATaka tathA zAradAtilaka bhANa ke racayitA / zeSanArAyaNa - samaya- vi.saM. 1500 se 1550 / pitA - vAsudeva, pitAmaha - ananta, putra-kRSNasUri sUktiratnAkara nAmaka mahAbhASya kI prauDha vyAkhyA ke lekhaka / aneka aprakAzita hastalekha upalabdha / isa zeSa vaMza meM aneka prathitayaza vaiyAkaraNa hue| zeSa viSNu samaya vi.saM. 1600-16501 zeSavaMzIya / mahAbhASya prakAzikA ke lekhaka / zeSanArAyaNa ke prapautra 1 pitA - mahAdeva sUri / zeSAcalapati (AndhrapANini) racanA-kosalabhosalIyam (dvayarthI kAvya) / isameM kosala-vaMzIya rAmacaMdra tathA bhosalavaMzIya zAhajI ke putra ekojI kA caritra saMguphita hai| zAhajI ne inakA kanakAbhiSeka se satkAra kiyA thaa| ye zAhajI ke Azrita kavi the| - zeSAcArya pitA sNkrssnn| "satyanAthAbhyudayam" nAmaka kAvya ke racayitA / kAvya ke caritranAyaka satyanAthatIrtha mAdhvasaMpradAya ke dvaitasiddhAntI AcArya the| dehAnta san 1674 meN| zaila kavi 17 vIM shtaabdii| taMjAvara nareza ke mantrI, Ananda yajvA kA putra / racanA- tripura- vijaya- campUH / zobhAkara mitra - I. 13 vIM sdii| pitA- trayIzvara / saMbhavataH kAzmIra nivaasii| Apake "alaMkAraratnAkara" graMtha meM eka sau bAraha gadya sUtra aura una para sodAharaNa vRtti hai| graMtha meM 107 alaMkAroM kA nirUpaNa hai| cArutA evaM pratItibheda para hI vivecana hai Apane aneka purAne alaMkAra amAnya kara, 39 naye alaMkAra prastuta kiye haiN| ve zAstra para AdhArita hone se, isa graMtha kA mahattva hai / " zobhAkara bhaTTa I. 14 vIM shtii| ina ke graMtha kA nAma "AraNyaka - vivaraNa" hai| AraNyaka vivaraNa graMtha kA nirmANa hone ke pahale unakI kucha bhASya-racanA bhI ho sakatI hai| nAradIya zikSA-vivaraNa nAmaka TIkA graMtha bhI AcArya zobhAkara ne likhA hai| zaunaka aneka vyaktiyoM kA kulnaam| Rgveda ke dUsare maMDala ke kartA gRtsamada zaunaka the| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke iMdrota va svaidAyana zaunaka the| bRhadAraNyaka ke anusAra rauhiNAyana ke guru zaunaka the| aneka purANoM meM ullikhita bhRgukula ke maMtrakAra zaunaka hI hai ye kulapati vedArthazAstrajJa the| zaunakagRhyasUtra, zaunakagRhya pariziSTa aura vAstuzAstra para bhI Apane eka graMtha likhA hai| aitareya AraNyaka kA pAMcavAM AraNyaka ApakI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| AzvalAyana Apake pramukha ziSya the| purANoM se patA calatA hai ki Apane aneka yajJa evaM sUtra kiye| parIkSita ke putra zAtanIka ko tattvajJAna kA upadeza Apa hI ne diyaa| Apane yudhiSThira ko dharmopadeza diyA thaa| mahAbhArata meM zaunaka ko yogazAstrajJa evaM sAMkhya-nipuNa kahakara gauravAnvita kiyA gayA hai| aneka purANoM meM unheM prApta upAdhiyAM hai- kSetropeta dvija, maMtrakRt, madhyamAdhvaryu, kulapati / Apane Rgveda anukramaNikA aprAtizAkya, vRhadevatA zaunakasmRti, caraNavyUha, RvidhAna, RgvedakathAnukramaNI Adi graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| vaidyaka zAstra kI zalyataMtra zAkhA ke janaka Apa hI haiN| Apane Rgveda kI do zAkhAoM (zAkala evaM bASkala) kA ekatrIkaraNa kiyA hai| Rgveda kI upalabdha anukramaNikA meM ApakI anukramaNI prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| usameM Rgveda kA maMDala, anuvAka, sUkta isa bhAMti vibhAjana hai| RprAtizAkhya meM vaidika RcAoM evaM zAkhAMtargata maMtroM kI uccAraNa-paddhati batAI gayI hai| isa graMtha meM Apane aneka pUrvAcAryoM kA evaM vyAkaraNakAra vyADI kA ullekha kiyA hai| vyADI kA kAla IsApUrva 1100 varSa mAnA jAtA hai| zaunaka ke ve ziSya the| ataH zaunaka kA kAla bhI vahI mAnA jAnA cAhiye / uvaTa inheM "RSi" kahakara saMbodhita karate haiN| zyAmakumAra Taigora - I. 20 vIM shtii| "jarmanIkAvya" ke kartA / zyAvAzva atrikula ke sabase bar3e sUkta draSTA samveda ke pAMcaveM maMDala ke bAvana se ikasaTha, ikyAsI, bayAsI, AThaveM maMDala ke paiMtIsa se aDatIsa aura nauve maMDala kA battIsavAM sUkta ApakI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| pitA kA nAma arcanAnas evaM putra kA aMdhIgU thaa| rathvItI dARSi kI kanyA zyAvAzva kI patnI thii| zyAvAzva ke sUktoM meM marutoM kI prArthanA evaM savitR va iMdra kI stuti hai| zyena Agneya Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 188 veM sUkta ke draSTA / isa laghukAya sUkta kA viSaya agni kI stuti hai / yaha sUkta gAyatrI chaMda meM hai| zvetAraNya nArAyaNa dIkSita mUlataH kAMcI nivAsI / phira taMjaura ke zvetAraNya meM nivAsa kAzI ke bAlUzAstrI tathA vizvanAtha zAstrI se zikSA prApta kii| madrAsa ke saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM pradhAna adhyApaka kRtiyAM mukuTAbhiSeka (nATaka), kumArazataka, nakSatramAlikA (kAvya) tathA harizcandrAdi sAta gadya-kathAeM / - zvetAzvatara eka AcArya Apane svAyaMbhuva RSi se brahmavidyA prApta kI thii| kRSNa yajurveda kI eka zAkhA Apake nAma para hai| inake nAma kA eka brAhmaNa bhI hai, para vaha upalabdha nahIM / suprasiddha zvetAzvatara upaniSad ke pravaktA Apa hI haiN| zraddhA kAmAyanI eka sUkta drssttrii| aisA lagatA hai ki yaha nAma kalpita hogaa| Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala kA ikkyAvanavAM sUkta ApakA mAnA jAtA hai| " zraddhAsUkta" ke rUpa meM yaha prasiddha hai| zraddhA kA mAhAtmya isameM samajhAyA gayA hai| zraddhA, buddhi kA prakAra mAnA gayA hai bAlaka ko prathama stanapAna saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 475 -

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karAte samaya, vratabaMdha ke medhAjanana saMskAra meM, ye sUkta kahA jAtA hai| meghAsUkta, zraddhAsUkta ke aMta meM Ane vAlA khilasUkta hai| zrIkAMta gaNaka - aThArahavIM zatI kA madhya / mithilaanivaasii| "zrIkRSNajanma-rahasya" nAmaka do aMkI nATaka ke prnnetaa| zrIkumAra - samaya-I. 11 vIM shtii| nayanandi dvArA ullikhita / dhaaraa-nivaasii| bhoja rAjA ke samakAlIna / racanA- Atmaprabodha (149 shlok)| adhyAtma-viSayaka grNth| kavi ko "sarasvatI-kumAra" bhI kahA jAtA thaa| zrIkRSNa kavi - samaya- 16-17 vIM shtii| maMdAra-maraMdacaMpU ke prnnetaa| isa caMpU-kAvya kI racanA lakSaNa graMtha ke rUpa meM huI hai aura isakA prakAzana nirNayasAgara presa muMbaI se san 1924 meM huA hai| graMtha ke upasaMhAra meM inhoMne apanA jo paricaya diyA hai, usake anusAra inakA janma guhapura nAmaka grAma meM huA thA aura inake guru kA nAma vAsudeva yogIzvara thaa| zrIkRSNa jozI - janma-1882 I. mRtyu-1965 ii.| nainiitaal-nivaasii| prayAga ke myora senTrala kAleja meM adhyyn|| kucha samaya taka kumAUM meM adhivaktA / baMga-bhaMga-Andolana meM sakriya sahabhAga / tatpazcAt paM. madanamohana mAlavIyajI ke anurodha para hindU vi.vi. meM adhyaapn| "vidyA-vibhUSaNa' tathA "kavi-sudhAMzu' kI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita / kRtiyAM- rAmarasAyana (mahAkAvya), akhaNDabhArata, syamantaka (mahAkAvya), kAvyamImAMsA, sarva-darzana-maMjUSA, advaita-vedAMta-darzana, antaraMga-mImAMsA (u.pra. zAsana dvArA puraskRta), kRtArtha-kauzika (nATaka), satya-sAvitra (nATaka) aura prshuraam-crit| zrIkRSNa tarkAlaMkAra - I. 18 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke nivaasii| "caMdradUta' ke rcyitaa| zrIkRSNamaNi tripAThI - I. 20 vIM shtii| devariyA (pUrvI uttara-pradeza) ke nivaasii| ema.e. evaM sAhityaratna / harihara saMskRta pAThazAlA meM pradhAnAdhyApaka / saMskRta vi.vi. meM praadhyaapk| guru-rAmayaza tripaatthii| kRtiyAM-yogadarzana-samIkSA, sAMkhyakArikA, purANatattvamImAMsA, aSTAdaza-purANaparicaya, sAvitrI-nATaka (ekAMkI) tathA aneka hindI rcnaaeN| u.pra. zAsana dvArA smmaanit| zrIkRSNa nyAyAlaMkAra - I. 17 vIM shtii| racanA- bhAvadIpikA (nyAya-siddhAntamaMjarI kI ttiikaa)| zrIkRSNa brahmatantra - parakAla svAmI, I. 19 vIM shtii| Apane / 60 se adhika graMthoM kI racanA kI hai jinameM pramukha haiMcapeTAhatistuti, uttaraMgamAhAtmya, rAmezvaravijaya, nRsiMhavilAsaM, madanagopAla-mAhAtmya, alaMkAra-maNihAra aadi| zrIkRSNa bhaTTa - janma 1870 I. meN| jayapura ke mahArAjA savAI IzvarIsiMha ke aashrit| inakI mukhya racanAeM haiM- 1) IzvaravilAsa (isa mahAkAvya meM jayapara kI sthApanA, azvamedha yajJa evaM nagara kI vyavasthA kA suMdara varNana hai), 2) sundarIstavarAjaH (stotra kAvya, 103 pdy)| zrIkRSNa mizra - "prabodhacaMdrodaya" nAmaka eka suprasiddha pratIka nATaka ke rcyitaa| Apa jaijAkabhukta ke rAjA kIrtivarmA ke zAsanakAla meM vidyamAna the| kIrtivarmA kA eka zilAlekha 1098 I. kA prApta huA hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki zrIkRSNa mizra kA samaya 1100 I. ke AsapAsa thaa| apane "prabodhacaMdrodaya" nATaka meM mizrajI ne zraddhA, bhakti, vidyA, jJAna, moha, viveka, daMbha, buddhi Adi amUrta bhAvamaya padArthoM ko nara-nArI ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue vedAMta va vaiSNava-bhakti kA atIva suMdara pratipAdana kiyA hai| zrIkRSNarAma zarmA - jayapura meM Ayurveda ke adhyaapk| inakA vinodapracura kAvya hai : "palANDuzataka' (palANDu = pyaaj)| anya racanAeM-sArazataka, AryAlaGkArazataka, muktAvalI-muktaka aura holimhotsv| zrIcaMda sUri - samaya-I. 12-13 vIM shtii| aparanAma-pArzvadeva gnni| zIlabhadrasUri ke shissy| nizISya sUtra kI vizeSa cUrNi ke bIsaveM uddezaka kI durgapada vyAkhyA, kalyAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlA aura vRSNidazA upAMgoM para vRtti aura jItakalpabRhaccUrNi-viSamapada vyaakhyaa| isameM prAkRta gAthAeM bhI udadhRta haiN| zrIcanda - lAla bAgaDa saMgha aura balAtkAragaNa ke AcArya zrInandI ke shissy| graMtha-purANasAra (san 1023), raviSeNa ke padmacarita kI TIkA (san 1030), puSpadanta ke uttarapurANa kA TippaNa (san 1030) aura zivakoTi kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA ttippnn| ye graMtha rAjA bhojadeva ke rAjyakAla meM dhArAnagarI meM race gye| zrIdhara - ampalappula (trAvaNakora) ke rAjA devanArAyaNa (aThArahavIM zatI) dvArA sammAnika kvi| racanA'lakSmI-devanArANIya" (naattk)| zrIdharadAsa - I. 12 vIM shtii| baMgAla ke lakSmaNa sena ke mhaamaannddlik| pitA- baTudAsa mahAsAmaMta / 'saduktikarNAmRta' ke sNklnkrtaa| zrIdhara veMkaTeza (ayyAvala) - taMjaura ke bhosale-vaMzIya zahAjI mahArAja ke aashrit| inhoMne apane AzrayadAtA kA caritra, apane 6 sargayukta mahAkAvya "zAhendra-vilAsakAvyam" meM graMthita kiyA hai| kavi kI anya racanAeM- (1) dayAzataka, (2) mAtRbhUzataka, (3) tArAvatIzataka aura (4) Artiharastotra Adi laghu kaavy| sabhI kAvya haiN| kumbhakoNam ke vaidya mudraNAlaya meM mudrit)| zrIdhara sena - guru- munisen| sena saMgha ke AcArya / graMtha-vizvalocana - koza (muktAvalI kosh)| zailI kI dRSTi 476 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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koza para hema, vizvaprakAza aura medinI kozoM kA prabhAva dIkhatA hai|atH isakA racanAkAla I. 13 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha aura 14 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jA sakatA hai| isameM 2453 zloka haiN| nAnArthakoza kI paramparA meM yaha koza agragaNya mAnA jAtA hai| zrIdharasvAmI- samaya- 1908-73 ii.| pitA- nArAyaNarAva degluurkr| mAtA- kmlaabaaii| samartha rAmadAsa ke parama bhakta aura mahAn tpsvii| nivAsa- mahArASTra meM sajjanagaDa para aura aMta meM karnATaka ke varadahallI maTha meN| racanAeM- zrIdattakaruNArNava aura zrIzivazAntastotratilakam nAmaka do saMskRta kAvya aura AryasaMskRti nAmaka marAThI prbNdh| Apake hajAroM bhakta mahArASTra aura karnATaka meM vidyamAna haiN| zrIdharasvAmI - I. 14 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / zrIdhara svAmI kI suprasiddha vyAkhyA "bhAvArtha-dIpikA", zrImadbhAgavata ke bhAva tathA artha kI vidyotikA TIkA hai| zrIdhara svAmI kA vyaktitva sarvathA aprasiddha hai| yoM to unake deza aura kAla donoM hI ajJAta haiM, koI unheM baMgAla kA mAnatA hai, koI utkala kA, koI gujarAta kA, to koI mahArASTra kaa| nirvivAda itanA hai ki vArANasI meM ve bindumAdhava maMdira ke sAnnidhya meM nivAsa karate the aura unakA maTha tathA nRsiMha kA vigraha, maNikarNikAghATa para Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| ve nRsiMha bhagavAn ke ananya upAsaka the| unakI bhAgavata-vyAkhyA ke nimna maMgala zloka se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai vAgIzo yasya vadane lakSmIryasya ca vakSasi / yasyAste hRdaye saMvit taM nRsiMhamahaM bhje|| eka prAcIna prazaMsA-zloka se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai jisameM nRsiMha ke prasAda se zrIdhara ke samagra bhAgavatArtha ke ke jJAtA hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| zrIdhara ke guru kA nAma, aMtaHsAkSa ke AdhAra para, paramAnaMda thA jisakI sUcanA anyatra bhI upalabdha hotI hai| gItA kI TIkA meM bhI unake guru paramAnaMda kA nAma nirdiSTa hai| dvAdaza skaMdha kI samApti para zrIdhara ne svayaM ko 'paramAnaMda-padAbjarbhUgaH" kahA hai tathA paramAnaMda kI prIti ke nimitta unhoMne bhAgavata-vyAkhyA kA praNayana apane guru ke mata kA Azraya lekara hI karane kI bAta kahI hai| eka udbhaTa vidvAn hone para bhI zrIdhara bar3e hI vinamra bhakta the| bhagavadgItA kI apanI 'subodhinI' TIkA meM, zrIdhara ne svayaM ko 'yati' kahA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki 'subodhinI' ke praNayana ke pUrva ve saMnyAsa le cuke the| (subodhinI, 18 a. aMtima pdy)| zrIdhara advaita vedAMtI hote hue bhI zuSka jJAnamArgI na hokara sarasa bhakti-mArgAvalaMbI the| ataH inakI vyAkhyA, gauDIya vaiSNava saMpradAya meM sarvAdhika mAnyatA se maMDita tathA prAmANika mAnI jAtI hai| zrI. caitanya mahAprabhu, sanAtana gosvAmI, jIva gosvAmI tathA vizvanAtha cakravartI ne apane apane graMthoM meM zrIdhara svAmI ke prati zraddhA evaM kRtajJatA vyakta kI hai| AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ne apane graMtha "vaiSNava saMpradAyoM kA sAhitya evaM siddhAMta" meM zrIdhara ke samaya-nirdhAraNa hetu jo AdhAra prastuta kiye hai, tadanusAra unakA samaya bopadeva aura viSNupurI ke bIca kA (arthAt 1300 I. aura 1350 I. ke lagabhaga) honA caahiye| zrIdharAcArya - I. AThavIM-nauvIM sdii| krnaattk-nivaasii| ApakA gaNitasAra (yA triMzatikA) nAmaka graMtha prasiddha hai| jyotirjJAnavidhi evaM jAtakatilaka graMtha jyotiSa saMbaMdhI hai| bhAskarAcArya ne ye niyama vaise-ke-vaise uThAye haiN| ApakA 'lIlAvatI'nAmaka graMtha kannaDa bhASA meM hai| usameM gaNita kA vivecana hai| zrInArAyaNa - I. 15 vIM shtii| inhoMne kula 60 graMtha likhe haiM jinameM nArAyaNacaritam vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| zrInivAsa - I. 12 vIM shtii| 'rAjapaMDita' va cUDAmaNi'kI upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta / baMgAla ke nivaasii| gnnitjny| kRtiyAMgaNita-cUDAmaNi aura zuddhidIpikA (muhuurt-shaastr-vissyk)| zrInivAsa - I. 13 vIM shtii| veda ke bhASyakAra aura nirukta ke TIkAkAra / graMtha anupalabdha, phira bhI vedabhASyakAra devarAja yajvA dvArA zrInivAsAcArya kA vedabhASyakAra aura nirukta-TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| zrInivAsa - muSNagrAma ke nivaasii| varadavallI- vaMza / varada ke putr| racanA- 'bhU-varAhavijaya' (varAhavijaya) / zrInivAsa - veMkaTeza ke putra / racanA- zrInivAsa-campU: (tirupati kSetra ke mAhAtmya kA vrnnn)| zrInivAsa - racanA- 'stynaath-vilsitm'| isameM mAdhva-sAMpradAyI, dvaita-siddhAntI satyanAthatIrtha (jinakA dehAnta san 1674 meM huA) kA caritra varNita hai| zrInivAsa kavi - "AnaMdaraMga-vijaya-caMpU' ke rcyitaa| pitaagNgaadhr| mAtA- paarvtii| zrIvatsagotrotpanna braahmnn| apane caMpU-kAvya meM inhoMne prasiddha phreMca zAsaka Duple ke pramukha sevaka AnaMdaraMga ke jIvana-vRtta kA varNana kiyA hai| vijayanagara tathA candragiri ke rAja-vaMzoM kA varNana isa kAvya kI bahuta baDI vizeSatA hai| isakA racanA-kAla I. 18 vIM zatAbdI hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se isa kAvya kA mahattva hai| yaha madrAsa se prakAzita huA hai| zrInivAsa kavi Duple ke bhASaNa-sahAyaka the| zrInivAsadAsa - I. 14 vIM sdii| eka viziSTAdvaitI AcArya / devarAja ke putra evaM veMkaTanAtha ke shissy| veMkaTanAtha ke nyAyaparizuddhi graMtha para Apane 'nyAyasAra' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| viziSTAdvaitasiddhAMta, kaivalyazatadUSaNI, durupadezadhikkAra, nyAyavidyA-vijaya, muktizabdavicAra, siddhyupAya-sudarzana, saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 477 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAraniSkarSaTippaNI, vAdAdrikuliza graMtha bhI Apa hI ke kahe jAte haiN| zrInivAsa dIkSita - I. 16 vIM shtii| pitA-zrIbhavasvAmI bhtttt| bhASyakAra zrIbhavasvAmI, Ahnika praNetA zrIkRSNArya, advaita ciMtAmaNikAra kumAra bhavasvAmI jaise vidvAnoM ke vaMza meM inakA janma huaa| rAjA sUrapa nAyaka dvArA pratiSThApita sUra-samudra-agrahAra meM nivaas| colarAja ke dvArA prazastipatra praapt| racanAbhAvanApuruSottama (naattk)| zrInivAsa dIkSita (ratnakheTa) - I. 17 vIM shtii| 'abhinava-bhavabhUti' tathA 'ratnakheTa' ina nAmoM se prasiddha / rcnaa'shitiknntthvijy-kaavym'| colarAjA ne 'ratnakheTa' upAdhi pradAna kii| SaDbhASAcatura tathA advaitavidyAcArya yaha upAdhiyAM bhI inheM prApta huI thiiN| sAhityazAstraviSayaka sAhityasaMjIvanI, bhAvodbheda, rasAya, alaMkArakaustubha, kAvyadarpaNa, kAvyasArasaMgraha aura sAhityasUtrasaraNI nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA zrInivAsa dIkSita ne kI hai| zrInivAsa bhaTTa - sAhityaziromaNi / adhyApaka- prabAMdhI saMskRta paatthshaalaa| racanA- raamaanndm| viSaya- maadhvsiddhaant| zrInivAsaraMgArya - I. 20 vIM shtii| kauzika gotrii| bhaassaadvy-pNddit| 'gurudakSiNA' nAmaka nATaka ke praNetA / zrInivAsa vidyAlaMkAra - inhoMne apane 'dehalI- mahotsava-kAvya' meM dillI meM saMpanna rAjamahotsava kA varNana kiyA hai| zrInivAsa zAstrI - janma kAverI nadI ke taTa para sahajapurI grAma meM, san 1850 ke lgbhg| pitA- veNktteshvr| pitAmahasubrahmaNya shaastrii| "tiruvasalUra paMDita' nAma se vikhyAta / mAdhava yatIndra dvArA 'veda-vedAnta-vardhaka' kI upAdhi se smlNkRt| 'upahAra-varma-carita" nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| zrInivAsa zAstrI - samaya- I. 19 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / kumbhakoNam-nivAsI shaiv| maataa-siitaambaa| pitA- rAmasvAmI yjvaa| pitAmaha- rAmasvAmI shaastrii| anuja-nArAyaNa shaastrii| guru-tyAgarAja mkhii| 'brahmavidyA' nAmaka darzana viSayaka patrikA ke smpaadk| appaya dIkSita ke zivAdvaita siddhAnta ke pracAraka / parama dhArmika aura vaissnnv| kRtiyAM- saumyasoma (nATaka), vijJaptizataka, yogi-bhogisaMvAda-zataka, zAradA-zataka, mahAbhairava-zataka, hetirAja zataka, zrIgurusaundarya-sAgara-sAhasrikA tathA upaniSadoM kI subodha ttiikaaeN| zrInivAsa sUri - siddhAnta pratipAdana kI dRSTi se bhAgavata ke do sthala vizeSa mahattva rakhate haiN| ve haiM : brahma-stuti tathA ved-stuti| ina donoM stutiyoM para zrInivAsa sUri dvArA likhI gaI TIkA kA nAma hai tttv-diipikaa| isa TIkA meM viziSTAdvaita ke dvArA udbhAvita dArzanika tathyoM kA nirdhAraNa, bhAgavata ke padyoM se bar3I gaMbhIratA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| zrInivAsa sUri, draviDa paMDita the, kintu vRMdAvana ke zrIraMganAthajI ke vizAla maMdira evaM saMsthAna se AkRSTa hokara, vRMdAvana hI meM rahate the tathA isa saMsthA se saMbaddha the| inake guru the govardhanavAsI veMkaTa yA veMkaTAcArya jinakI stuti inhoMne veda stutivyAkhyA (TIkA) ke aMta meM kI hai| Apake ziSya the raMgadezika, jinake Adeza se seTha rAdhAkRSNa ne vRMdAvana meM raMganAtha maMdira kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| nirmANakArya kA AraMbha 1902 vi.saM. meM arthAt 1845 I. meM huA thaa| ataH zrInivAsa sUri kA samaya I. 19 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha mAnanA yuktiyukta hai| zrInivAsAcArya - vaiSNavoM ke niMbArka-saMpradAya ke pravartaka / AcArya niMbArka ke pradhAna shissy| inakA nivAsasthAna mathurA jilA meM govardhana se eka kosa dUra (zrI rAdhAkaMDa) lalitAsaMgama para mAnA jAtA hai| janmatithi-vasaMta pNcmii| inake dvArA nirmita graMtha haiM- (1) vedAMta-kaustubha nAmaka zArIraka-mImAMsA-bhASya aura (2) laghu-stavarAja sbhaassy| khyAtinirNaya, pArijAta-kaustubha-bhASya tathA rahasya-prabaMdha nAmaka tIna anya graMthoM ke bhI hone kA saMketa hai, kiMtu abhI taka ye aprApya haiN| zrInivAsAcArya - zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya kumbhakoNam meM saMskRta prAdhyApaka (I. 1848 se 1914) / pitRnAma- vedAntAcArya / pitA- tiruvAhIndrapura ke nivaasii| Apa AmaraNa saMskRta padyabhASI the| racanAeM- zRMgArataraMgiNI (bhANa), uSApariNaya (nATaka), haMsavilAsa (kAvya) zrIkRSNalIlAyita (gadyakAvya), amRtamanthana (geyakAvya), zAGgakopAkhyAna (kAvya) tathA nAgAnanda aura mRcchakaTika kI ttiikaa| sabhI racanAeM mudrita / zrIpatidatta - I. 11 vIM shtii| bNgaal-nivaasii| kAtantra-pariziSTa ke rcyitaa| zrIpatibhaTTa - I. 11 vIM sdii| mahArASTra ke bulaDhANA jile ke rohiNakheDa grAma ke nivaasii| jyotiSa zAstra kI pratyeka zAkhA para Apane eka-eka graMtha likhA hai| dhIkoTikaraNa, siddhAntazekhara, jAtakapaddhati, pATIgaNita, zrIpatinibaMdha, dhruvamAnasakaraNa, daivajJavallabha, zrIpatisamuccaya evaM jyotiSaratnamAlA, ye sabhI graMtha Apake haiN| ramala para bhI ApakA eka graMtha hai jyotiSa-ratnamAlA muhUrtagraMtha hai| zrIpati ne svayaM usa para marAThI gadyaTIkA likhI hai| gRhanirmANa, gRhapraveza, vivAha, upanayana Adi para hara ghaDI muhUrta dekhA jAtA hai| isa AvazyakAtA ko pahicAnakara yaha graMtha upalabdha kiyA gayA hai| zrIpuruSottamAcArya - harivyAsa devAcArya ke shissy| Apake vedAnta- ratnamaMjUSA va zrutyantasuradruma nAmaka TIkAgraMtha prasiddha haiN| zrIbhUSaNa - kASThAsaMgha, nanditaTa gaccha aura vidyAgama ke bhaTTAraka vidyAbhUSaNa ke paTTadhara / sojinA (gujarAta) kI gaddI ke paTTadhara / pitA- kRSNAsaha / mAtA- maakeho| vAdivijetA aura pratiSThAcArya / samaya-I. 17 vIM shtii| racanAeM- (1) pANDava-purANa (vi.saM. 1657) (6700 shlok)| (2) zAntinAtha-purANa (vi.saM. 1659) (4025 zloka), (3) harivaMza purANa (vi.saM. 1675) (4) dvAdazAMgapUjA aura (5) prtibodhciNtaamnni| 478 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrIraMgarAja - vijayanagara ke yuvraaj| I. 17 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| racanA- naattk-pribhaassaa| zrIrAma gosvAmI - samaya- 1727-1787 I. / kavi rAmagosvAmI bIkAnera ke mahArAjA sUratasiMha ke aashrit| inhoMne apane mahArAjA ko apanI kAvya-racanA kA viSaya banAyA evaM 'sUrata-vilAsaH' nAmaka rAjaprazastipara kAvya kA praNayana kiyaa| zrIrAmacandra (prA.) - machalIpaTTanam ke nobala mahAvidyAlaya meM praadhyaapk| racanAeM- zRMgArasudhArNava-bhANa, kumArodaya-campU aura deviivijy-kaavy| zrIrAma zarmA - I. 15 vIM shtii| campAhaTTIya braahmnn| viirendr-prdeshii| kRtiyAM- vijayA nAmaka saridevakRta 'paribhASAvRtti' kI ttiikaa| viSaya- vyAkaraNazAstra (2) mugdhabodha vyAkaraNa kI ttiikaa| zrIrAmazAstrI vedamUrti - 19-20 vIM shtaabdii| nelora nivaasii| racanA- 'guruklyaannm'| zrIlokAcArya - zrIrAmAnujAcArya ke vaikuMThavAsI hone ke pazcAt 150 varSoM kI avadhi meM hI dakSiNa ke zrIvaiSNavoM meM do svataMtra mata uTha khaDe hue the| pahale mata kA nAma thA- 'Tekalai' aura dUsarA 'vaDakalai' kahalAtA thaa| zrIlokAcArya me Tekalai mata kI pratiSThApanA kii| inakA samaya 13 vAM zataka thaa| inhoMne apane graMtha 'zrIvacanabhUSaNa' meM isa prapatti-paMtha kA vizada zAstrIya vivecana kiyA hai| Ajakala lokabhASA para adhika pakSapAta hone ke kAraNa dakSiNa meM Tekalai-mata para vizeSa Agraha dRSTigocara hotA hai| zrIlokAcArya-praNIta 'zrIvana-bhUSaNa' nAmaka graMtha purI ke kisI maTha se prakAzita hai| zrIvatsalAMchana bhaTTAcArya - I. 16 vIM shtii| zrIviSNu cakravartI ke putra / 'rAmodaya' (nATaka) kAvyAmRta, kAvyaparIkSA, sArabodhinI tathA sAhitya-sarvasva ke krtaa| zrIvallabha pAThaka - I. 17 vIM shtii| tpaagcch-nivaasii| inhoMne 21 sargoM ke 'vijaya-deva-mAhAtmya' nAmaka mahAkAvya meM jaina muni vijayadeva sUri kA caritra-varNana kiyA hai| zrIzaila dIkSita - I. 19 vIM shtii| 'karnATaka-prakAzikA' (baMgalora) ke smpaadk| racanAeM- vIrAMjaneya-zataka, hanumannakSatramAlA (kAvya), gopAlAryA (kAvya), bhrAnti-vilAsam (zeksapiyara ke 'kAmeDI oNpha erarsa' kA saMskRta anuvAda) aura kAverIgadyam (pravAsavRtta), zrIkRSNAmyudayam (gdykaavy)| inheM gAyanakalA meM naipuNya prApta thaa| zrIzvara vidyAlaMkAra (bhaTTAcArya) - I. 19-20 vIM shtii| raMgapura (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| pitA- kSitIzvara bhaTTAcArya kRtiyAMzaktizataka (apara nAma devIzataka), vijayinIkAvya (mahArAnIvikToriyA para san 1902 meM racita), dillI-mahotsava (kAvya) aura vikrmbhaart| dillI-mahotsava-kAvyam kI racanA san 1902 meM huii| chaha soM vAle isa kAvya meM saptama eDavarDa kA rAjyAbhiSeka varNita hai| zrIhari - eka mahanIya bhakta kvi| godAvarI-taTa ke nivaasii| kAzyapa gotrI braahmnn| 'haribhakti-rasAyana' nAmaka TIkA ke prnnetaa| TIkA kA racanA-kAla san 1887 / yaha TIkA bhAgavata ke dazama skaMdha ke pUrvArdha para hI hai| inakA kahanA hai ki bhagavAn kA prasAda grahaNa kara hI ve isa TIkA ke praNayana meM pravRtta hue| TIkA se inakI pratibhA prakAzita hotI hai| isa TIkA kA punarprakAzana sana 1972 meM huaa| zrIharSa - I. 12 vIM sdii| 'naiSadhIyacarita' (mahAkAvya) ke kartA / inhoMne mahAkAvya ke pratyeka sarga ke pazcAt evaM graMthasamApti ke bAda racita cAra zlokoM meM svayaM ke bAre meM jAnakArI dI hai| Apake likhe anya graMtha hai- vijayaprazasti, arNava-varNana evaM nvsaahsaaNk-critcNpuu| kAvye va tarka donoM meM unakI buddhi calatI thii| kahate haiM ki yogasamAdhi meM Apako parabrahma kA sAkSAtkAra hotA thaa| sthairyavicAraNA prakaraNa evaM IzvarAbhisaMdhi nAmaka anya do graMtha bhI ApakI hI racanAeM haiN| Apake kAvya meM zleSa, yamaka, anuprAsa ina zabdAlaMkAroM ke sAtha vividha arthAlaMkAra, rasa, dhvani, vakrokti Adi kAvyagata sauMdarya evaM vaidyakazAstra, kAmazAstra, rAjyazAstra, dharma, nyAya, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa, vedAnta Adi paramparAgata zAstrIya jJAna itanA bharA hai ki ise 'zAstrakAvya' kahane kI prathA hai| naiSadhIya ke adhyayana se mana, buddhi sadRDha banatI haiN| ise vidvAnoM kI balavardhaka auSadhi ('naiSadhaM vidvadauSadham') kahA gayA hai| zrutakakSa - Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke 92 ve kramAMka ke sUkta ke drssttaa| aMgirasa kulotpnn| iMdra-soma kI stuti inake sUkta kA viSaya hai| zrutakIrti - samaya- I. 12 vIM shtii| nandisaMgha kI gurvAvalI meM zrutakIrti ko vaiyAkaraNa bhAskara likhA hai| kannaDa bhASA ke candraprabhacarita nAmaka graMtha ke kartA aggala kavi ke ye guru the| racanA- paMcavastu nAmaka vyAkaraNa grNth| zrutakIrti - I. 16 vIM sdii| digambara saMpradAya ke bhttttaark| guru kA nAma tribhuvanakIrti / mAlavA ke jerahaTa grAma ke neminAtha maMdira meM harivaMzapurANa, parameSThIprakAzasAra, yogasAra evaM dharmaparIkSA nAmaka graMthoM kI racanA Apane kii| zrutasAgara sUri - mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha aura balAtkAragaNa ke aacaary| sUrata-zAkhA ke bhttttaark| vidyAnanda ke ziSya, devendrakIrti ke prshissy| malliSeNa ke gurubhaaii| ziSyanAma shriicNdr| samaya- I. 16 vIM shtii| IDara ke rAjA bhAnu athavA ravimANa ke smkaaliin| racanAeM- yazastilaka-candrikA, tattvArthavRtti, tattvatrayaprakAzikA, jinasahasranAma-TIkA, mahAbhiSeka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 479 For Private and Personal Use Only

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TIkA, SaTpAhuDaTIkA, siddhabhaktiTIkA, siddhacakrASTaka-TIkA, jyeSThajinavarakathA, ravivratakathA, saptaparamasthAnakathA, mukuTasaptamIkathA, akSaya-nidhikathA, SoDaSakAraNa-kathA, meghamAlAvratakathA, candanaSaSThIkathA, labdhividhAnakathA, purandaravidhAnakathA, dazalakSaNIvratakathA, puSpAMjalivratakathA, AkAzapaMcamIvratakathA, muktAvalIvratakathA, nirduHkhasaptamI-kathA sugandhadazamI-kathA, zrAvaNa dvAdazI-kathA, ratnatrayavrata-kathA, anantavrata-kathA, azoka-rohiNIkathA, tapolakSaNa- paMktikathA, merupaMktikathA, vimAnapaMkti kathA, pallividhAna-kathA, zrIpAlacarita, yazodharacarita, audAryacintAmaNi (prAkRta vyAkaraNa) zrutaskandhapUjA, pArzvanAtha stavana aura zAntinAtha stvn| zruSTigU kAvya - Rgveda ke AThaveM maMDala ke 51 veM sUkta ke draSTA / iMdrastuti isakA viSaya hai| aneka RSiyoM kA ullekha hone se ise sUkta ko aitihAsika mahattva prApta hai| SaDguruziSya - samaya- 13 vIM shtii| graMtha- aitareya brAhmaNa, aitareya AraNyaka, AzvAlAyana zrauta, AzvAlayana gRhya tathA Rk sarvAnukramaNI para vRttiyAM likhI haiN| aitareya brAhmaNa vRtti kA nAma hai 'sukhapradA' / sarvAnukramaNI vRtti kA nAma 'vedArtha-dIpikA hai| isI graMtha ke anta meM saMvat 1234 kA nirdeza hone ke kAraNa SaDguru ziSya kA samaya spaSTa hotA hai| SaDguruziSya ne vinAyaka, zUlapANi, vA zUlAMga, mukunda vA goviMda, sUrya, vyAsa tathA zivayogI ina chaha guruoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| SaSThIdAsa vizArada - I. 18 vIM zatI kI uttarArdha / jayakRSNa tarkavAgIza ke putra / 'dhAtumAlA' nAmaka vyAkaraNa-graMtha ke krtaa| saMkarSaNazaraNadeva - niMbArka-saMpradArya ke prasiddha digvijayI AcArya kezava kAzmIrI ke shissy| inhoMne 'vaiSNava-dharma suradruma-maMjarI' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kI jisameM niMbArka-mata kI zreSThatA kA digdarzana tathA vratAdi kA varNana hai| saMghabhadra - AcArya vasubandhu ke samakAlIna tathA unake prabala virodhk| vasubandhu ke abhidharmakozabhASya meM pratipAdita aneka siddhAnta, vaibhASika mata se asaMgata honA hI virodha kA kAraNa thaa| saMghabhadra vaibhASika mata ke poSaka the tathA usakA punaruddhAra cAhate the| isI nimitta unhoMne do. graMthoM kI racanA bhI kIabhidharmanyAyAnusAra va abhidhrmsmydiipikaa| ina donoM graMthoM ke kevala anuvAda cInI bhASA meM upalabdha hai| saMghavijayagaNi - vijayasena sUri ke shissy| tapAgacchIya vidvaan| graMtha-kalpasUtra- kalpapradIpikA (vi.saM. 1674) / kalyANavijayasUri ke ziSya dhanavijayagaNi dvArA vi.saM. 1681 meM sNshodhit| graMthamAna 3200 shlok| saMdhyAkara nandI - I. 12 vIM shtii| puMDravardhana (baMgAla) ke nivaasii| rAmapAla (san 1017-1120) ke videsh-mntrii| prajApati nandI ke putra / 'rAmacarita'kAvya ke prnnetaa| saMbhAjI mahArAja - I. 17 vIM shtii| chatrapati zivAjI mahArAja ke vIra, rasika aura vidvAna putra / racanA- budhabhUSaNa / kAmaMdakIya tathA nItiviSayaka anya graMthoM kA parizIlana evaM saMkalana kara isa subhASita graMtha kI nirmiti huI hai| saMvanana AMgirasa - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 191 veM kramAMka ke mahattvapUrNa laghu sUkta ke drssttaa| prastuta sUkta kI do se cAra taka kI RcAeM rASTrIya AkAMkSA va prArthanA mAnI jAnI caahiye| samAja ke matabheda dUra hoM, sneha baDhe, aikya prasthApita ho isa hetu inakI racanA kI gaI hai| aitareya brAhmaNa (23.1) meM sUcanA hai ki paraspara-virodhI logoM meM sAmaMjasya nirmANa karane ke liye isa sUkta kA paThana kiyA jaaye| yaha sUkta hai - saMsamidhuvase vRSanagne vizvAnya aa| iLaspade samidhyase sa no vasUnyA bhr|| saM gacchadhvaM saM vadadhvaM saM vo manAMsi jaantaam| devA bhAgaM yathA pUrve saMjAnAnA upAsate / / 2 / / samAno maMtraH samitiH samAnI samAnaM manaH saha cittmessaam| samAnaM mantramabhi mantraye vaH samAnena vo haviSA juhomi / / 3 / / samAni va AkUtiH samAnA hRdayAni vaH samAnamastu vo mano yathA vaH susahAsati / / 4 / / artha- he uttaravedI meM pradIpa jagadvyApaka kAmapUraka paramezvara agni, hameM dhana do| sabhI loga eka vicAra, eka bhASaNa, eka jJAna ke ho| purAtana sahavicArI logoM ke samAna apane kArya ekamata se kreN| ____ hama sabhI kI prArthanA, vicArasthAna, jJAna aura mana eka-samAna ho| eka hI sAmagrI se devapUjana kreN| saMghazakti kI puSTi ke liye sabhI ke abhiprAya, aMtaHkaraNa aura mana eka-samAna hoN| __isa sUkta kI pahalI RcA meM iLaspada sthAna kA ullekha hai| vaidikoM kI dhAraNA hai ki pRthvI para Adya agni yahIM nirmANa huii| sAyaNAcArya ke anusAra iLaspada yAne uttaravedI kurukSetra hai| saMvarta - yAjJavalkya dvArA prastuta smRtikAroM kI sUcI meM ApakA nAma hai| ApakI do smRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| unameM kramazaH 227 aura 230 zloka haiN| inameM yajJopavIta ke bAda brahmacArI kA kartavya, vivAhottara gRhastha kA AcAra, aneka prakAra ke dAna aura unake phala, saMnyAsadharma Adi viSaya haiN| saMvarta AMgirasa - AMgirasa ke putroM meM se ek| ApakA dUsarA nAma vItahavya hai| aitareya brAhmaNa ke anusAra, marutta AvikSita rAjA ke Apa purohita the| Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 172 veM sUkta ke Apa draSTA hai| usameM uSA kA varNana hai (10.172.4) 480 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMvarta yajJakartA rahe hoNge| Rgveda meM yajJakartA ke rUpa meM gurugoviMdasiMhacarita nAmaka Apake kAvyagraMtha ko sAhitya akAdamI anyatra bhI unakA ullekha hai (8.54.2) / apane bhAI bRhaspati kA puraskAra prApta huaa| DA. satyavrata zAstrI ne videzI meM se ApakI spardhA calatI thii| bRhaspati ne marutta kA yajJa bhI adhyApana kArya kiyA hai| Apa jagannAthapurI saMskRta vidyApITha adhUrA chor3a diyA thaa| use Apa ne pUrA kiyaa| isa yajJa meM upakulapati the| meM agni ko hI jalA DAlane kI dhamakI Apane dI thii| satyavrata sAmazramI - saphala patrakAra aura vaidika vAGmaya ke Apa mahAna tapasvI the| jahAM Apane tapa kiyA use saMvartatApI jaataa| vArANasI meM rahate hae inhoMne "pratrakalamanandinI" nAmaka kahA jAne lgaa| saMskRta mAsika patrikA kA prakAzana kiyaa| bAda meM kalakattA sakalakIrti - janma-rAjasthAna meM, 1386 I. meN| pitA-karNasiMha / meM vaidika vAGmaya se saMbaMdhita "uSA" nAmaka patrikA kA maataa-shobhaa| jaati-huuNvdd| nivAsa-aNahilapura pttttn| janma sampAdana kiyaa| isa patra kI khyAti videzoM meM bhI thii| naam-puurnnsiNh| 14 varSa kI avasthA meM vivAhita aura 18 vaidika sAhitya meM zodhAnuzIlana kA prAraMbha inhIM ke prayAsoM varSa kI avasthA meM diikssit| dIkSAguru-bhaTTAraka pdmnndi| 34 kA phala hai| inake dvArA racita "kanyAvivAhakAlaH" tathA veM varSa meM AcAryapada kI prApti / bAgaDa aura gujarAta kAryakSetra / samudrayAtrA, jIvagatiH Adi nibaMdha maulika anusandhAna se balAtkAragaNa IDara zAkhA ke sNsthaapk| vi.saM. 1482 meM otaprota haiN| akSarataMtra, AyabrAhmaNaH, sAma-prAtizAkhya, galiyAkoTa meM bhaTTAraka-gaddI ke sNsthaapk| prtisstthaacaary| sthiti nAradIyazikSA Adi samAlocanApradhAna graMthoM kI Apane racanA kI hai| 56 varSa / racanAeM- 1) zAMtinAthacarita (16 adhikAra va 3475 sadAkSara - aprnaam-kvikuNjr| alpa Ayu meM hI mRtyu (I. padya), 2) vardhamAnacarita (19 sarga), 3) mallinAthacarita (7 1614 se 1634) / isa atyalpa jIvana-kAla meM hI samRddha sarga-874 zloka), 4) yazodharacarita (8 sarga), 5) sAhitya-nirmiti kii| racanAeM- ambAzataka, kavikarNarasAyana aura dhanyakumAracarita (7 sarga), 6) sukumAlacarita (9 sarga), 7) ratnAvalIbhadrastavaH / Apa karnATaka ke rAjA cikadeva ke Azrita the| sudarzanacarita (8 pariccheda), 8) zrIpAlacarita (7 sarga), 9) sadAjI - Apane san 1825 meM "sAhityamaMjUSA" nAmaka mUlAcArapradIpa (12 adhikAra), 10) praznottaropAsakAcAra (24 sAhitya-zAstraniSTha kAvya kI racanA kii| isameM zivAjI kA pariccheda), 11) AdipurANa (20 sarga), 12) uttarapurANa (15 caritra tathA bhosale-vaMza kA itihAsa varNita hai| adhikAra), 13) sadbhASitAvalI (389 padya), 14) sadAnaMda yogIndra - I. 16 vIM sdii| vedAntasAra nAmaka graMtha pArzvanAthapurANa (23 sarga), 15) siddhAntasAra-dIpaka (16 ke krtaa| atyaMta sarala hone se graMtha lokapriya hai| adhikAra), 16) vratakathAkoza, 17) purANasAra-saMgraha, 18) vedAntazAstra-siddhAnta, sArasaMgraha evaM svarUpanirNaya nAmaka graMtha karmavipAka, 19) tattvArthasAradIpaka (12 adhyAya) aura bhI Apane likhe haiN| prmaatmraajstotr| rAjasthAnI bhASA meM bhI inake 8 graMtha haiN| sakalabhUSaNa - mUlasaMgha-sthita nandisaMgha aura sarasvatI gcch| sadAziva - I. 18 vIM shtii| utkala pradeza ke dhArakoTe ke bhaTTAraka vijaya-kIrti ke praziSya, ma. zubhacandra ke ziSya nareza ke raajpurohit| "kaviratna" kI upAdhi se vibhUSata / evaM ma. sumatikIrti ke gurubhraataa| samaya-I. 17 vIM shtii| vRtti vaiSNava / "pramudita-govinda" nAmaka kAvya ke prnnetaa| racanAeM-upadeza ratnamAlA (18 adhyAya, 3383 pdy| vi.saM. sadAziva dIkSita (makhI) - I. 18 vIM shtii| bhAradvAja 1627) tathA mllinaathcritr| gotrI / pitA-cokkanAtha, mAtA-mInAkSI / saMnyAsa grahaNa / AdhyAtmika satyavrata - I. 20 vIM shtii| mumbii-nivaasii| zaizava se hI kAvyaracanA AtmavidyAvilAsa tathA 6 sargoM kA "gItasundara" maatRpitRhiin| 14 varSa kI Ayu meM Arya-vidyA-sabhA dvArA muMbaI (somasundara viSayaka bhaktigIta) / trAvaNakora meM rAmavarmA kArtika meM saMcAlita gurukula meM mAyAzaMkara ke AcAryatva meM adhyayana / (I. 1755-98) ke Azraya meM rahakara racanA- raamvrm-yshobhuussnnm| san 1926 meM vedavizArada / adhyApana tathA Aryadharma ke pracAra inake atirikta 'vasulakSmIkalyANa' aura lakSmIkalyANa nAmaka meM rt| medhAvrata zAstrI se saMskRta-lekhana kI prernnaa| do nATakoM ke bhI prnnetaa| "maharSi-caritAmRta" nAmaka nATaka ke prnnetaa| sanAtana gosvAmI - samaya- 1490 se 1591 ii.| rUpa satyavrata zAstrI - I. 20 vIM shtii| "napuMsakaliMgasya gosvAmI ke bar3e bhAI, kintu apane choTe bhAI ke bAda inhoMne mokSaprAptiH" nAmaka eka laghu rUpaka ke prnnetaa| caitanya mahAprabhu se dIkSA lii| SaT gosvAmiyoM meM se ek| ye satyavratazAstrI (DaoN.) - dillI vizvavidyAlaya ke bhI baMgAla ke navAba ke UMce adhikArI the kintu usa pada saMskRtAdhyApaka / rcnaa-shriibodhistv-critm| eka sahasra zlokoM ko chor3a inhoMne bhagavadbhakti ko hI apanA jIvana-vrata banA ke isa graMtha meM bhagavAna buddha ke pUrvajanma kI kathAeM haiN| yaha liyaa| mahAprabhu kI AjJA se ye vRMdAvana meM hI rahate the| kathAeM mUla pAlI jAtaka kathAoM para AdhArita haiN| kintu prabhu ke pratyakSa darzana se vimukha hone ke kAraNa eka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 481 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAra itane viSaNNa ho gaye the ki zrI jagannAthajI ke ratha ke nIce prANa tyAgane kA nizcaya kiyA parantu mahAprabhu caitanya ke samajhAne para ye vRMdAvana lauTe tathA bhajana, zrIkRSNa kI pUjA-arcA evaM graMtha-lekhana meM lIna rahane lge| kahate haiM ki inake pAsa prasiddha pArasamaNi thA jo inhoMne kisI daridrI brAhmaNa-yAcaka ko de ddaalaa| inake bhaktimaya jIvana kI aneka vilakSaNa bAteM bhaktajanoM meM prasiddha haiN| ___ rUpa aura sanAtana ye do bhAI, caitanya-mata ke zAstrakartA mAne jAte haiN| rUpajI ne isa mata ke liye bhaktizAstra ke gUDha siddhAMtoM kI vivecanA kI aura sanAtanajI ne isa mata ke AdaraNIya niyamoM evaM AcAroM kA vistRta vivecana graMtha-baddha kiyaa| isa prakAra sanAtana gosvAmI, caitanya saMpradAya ke karmakAMDa ke nirmAtA hai| Aja bhI unhIM ke niyamAnusAra caitanya saMpradAya ke maMdiroM meM pUjA-arcA kI jAtI hai aura maTha ke sAdhuoM ke jIvana kI vyavasthA kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai| sanAtanajI kA etadviSayaka graMtha hai "hribhktivilaas"| inake anya graMthoM meM bRhattoSiNI hai jisameM bhAgavata kI mArmika vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| inhoMne apane bhAgavatAmRta graMtha meM bhAgavata ke siddhAMtoM kA suMdara vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| inhoMne "meghadUta" para "tAtparyadIpikA" nAmaka TIkA bhI likhI hai| ___ rUpajI tathA sanAtanajI kI bhakti evaM vidvattA se AkRSTa hokara rAjA-mahArAjA taka darzanoM ke liye vRMdAvana AyA karate the| san 1573 meM akabara bAdazAha bhI inase milane vRMdAvana gaye the| apane baMdhu rUpajI ke samAna hI inake mRtyu-saMvat ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai kintu AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya tathA DA. DI.sI. sena dvArA prastuta pramANoM ke AdhAra para inheM zatAyuSI mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai| sanmukha - mUla racanA aprApya / saMgrahacUDAmaNi nAmaka inakI racanA meM prAcIna lekhakoM ke matoM kA vivaraNa tathA sadAnanda aura zAGgadeva kA ullekha hai| ataH samaya I. 14 vIM zatI ke baad| anya racanA sNgiit-cintaamnni| ye donoM saMgIta viSayaka racanAeM haiN| saptagU AMgirasa - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 47 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| vaikuMTha iMdra nAmaka iMdrAvatAra kI isameM stuti hai| saptavadhI Atreya - atri-kula ke eka suukt-drssttaa| Rgveda ke pAMcaveM maMDala kA 78 vAM evaM AThaveM maMDala kA (vikalpa kA) 72 vAM sUkta Apake nAma hai| Rgveda (10.39.9), atharvaveda (4.29.4) tathA bRhaddevatA meM ApakA ullekha hai| sAyaNAcArya ke anusAra asuroM ne inheM peTI meM banda kara patnI se bheTa bhI asaMbhava kara dI thii| azvinIkumAroM ne inheM mukta kiyaa| phira inheM putraprApti huii| samaMtabhadra - I. pAMcavIM sdii| dakSiNa bhArata ke colavaMza ke rAjakumAra / pitA-kAverI nadI ke taTavartI nagara uragapura (Adhunika tricanApallI) ke kSatriya rAjA the| jnmnaam-shaanvivrmaa| kanaDa kavi ApakA ullekha atyaMta Adara ke sAtha karate haiN| bihAra, mAlavA, siMdha, paMjAba meM jAkara, Apane anya matoM ke AcAryoM se zAstrArtha kara vijaya prApta kii| Apa jaina-vAGmaya ke prathama saMskRta kavi aura prathama dArzanika stutikAra haiN| jinasena dvArA vAditva, vAgmitva, kavitva aura gamakatva jaise guNasUcaka vizeSaNoM se alNkRt| ____ eka kathA ke anusAra rAjabalikathA ke anusAra muni-dIkSA ke bAda maNuvakahallI nAmaka nagara meM bhasmaka-vyAdhi se pIDita hue| guru kI AjJAnusAra vyAdhi se mukta hone kA prayanta kiyaa| phalataH vArANasI meM zivakoTi ke rAjA bhImaliMga nAmaka zivAlaya meM zivajI ko arpaNa kie jAne vAle naivedya ko zivajI ko hI khilA dene kI ghoSaNA kI aura rAjA kI AjJA se zivAlaya ke kivADa baMda kara usa naivedya ko svayaM khAkara kSudhA zAnta karane lge| zanaiH zanaiH vyAdhi zAnta hone lagI aura phalataH naivedya bacane lgaa| taba saMdehagrasta hokara rAjA ne samantabhadra se zivapiNDI ko praNAma karane kA Agraha kiyaa| praNAma karane ke liye samantabhadra ne "svayaMbhU-stotra" kI racanA kI aura AThaveM tIrthakara candraprabhu kI stuti karate hue vandanA kii| vandanA karate hI zivapiNDI phaTa gaI aura usameM se candraprabha bhagavAna kI mUrti prakaTa huii| isa AzcaryakArI ghaTanA ko dekhakara rAjA prabhAvita huA aura jainadharma meM dIkSita ho gyaa| senagaNa paTTAvalI tathA zravaNa belagolA-zilAlekha ke anusAra yaha ghaTanA kAMcI meM huii| bhAratIya itihAsa meM zivakoTi nAma kA koI rAjA nahIM huaa| lagabhaga prathama zatAbdI meM zivaskandhavarmana nAmaka rAjA avazya huaa| yadi zivakoTi aura zivaskandhavarmana kA vyaktitva eka rahA ho to isa kathA kA saMbaMdha samantabhadra ke sAtha ghaTita ho sakatA hai| kAMcI ko dakSiNa kAzI kahA jAtA rahA hai| catrarAya paTTaNa tAlluke ke abhilekha meM samantabhadra ko zrutakevalI ke samAna kahA gayA hai| ve kundakundAnvayI the| tattvArthasUtra ke maMgalAcaraNa "mokSamArgasya-netAram" para "AptamImAMsA" nAmaka dArzanika graMtha likhane vAle samantabhadra kA samaya I. dvitIya zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| racanAeM- bRhat-svayambhU-stotra, stuti-vidyA-jinazataka, devAgama-stotra, AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra jIvasiddhi, tattvAnuzAsana, prAkRta-vyAkaraNa, pramANapadArtha, karmaprAbhRta-TIkA tathA gndhhsti-mhaabhaaky| inameM se prathama pAMca graMtha hI upalabdha hote haiM jina ke dvArA jaina-darzana ke kSetra meM samantabhadra kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| samayasundarasUri . kharataragacchIya sakalacandra sUri ke shissy| 482 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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samaya-I. 17 vIM shtii| graMtha-dazavaikAlika-dIpikA (saM. 1691) - "abdula-mardana" (2) "pratikAra" nAmaka do nATaka (racanAkAla (zloka 3450) stambhatIrtha (khaMbhAta) meM likhita / san 1933 ke lagabhaga) (3) kAkadUtam (4) cAyagItA / samarapuMgava dIkSita - pitA-veMkaTeza / mAtA-anaMtammA / guru-appaya sAMbaziva - I. 18 vIM shtii| madrAsa ke gopAlasamudra nAmaka diikssit| samaya-I. 16 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha / grAma ke nivaasii| zRMgAravilAsa nAmaka bhANa ke racayitA / "tIrtha-yAtrA-prabaMdha-campU" ke rcyitaa| inhIM kA dUsarA graMtha sAMba dIkSita hArIta - I. 20 vIM shtii| karnATaka-nivAsI / "AnaMdakaMda-campU" hai (jo aprakAzita hai)| ye vAdhUla gotrIya pitA- dAmodara / vyAkaraNa meM nipunn| zrauta tathA smArta karmakANDa brAhmaNa the| inakA janma dakSiNa ke vaTavanAbhidhAna nAmaka nagara ke mrmjny| kRtiyAM- nityAnandacarita (kAvya), agnisahasra va meM huA thaa| bhraataa-suurynaaraaynn| "tIrtha-yAtrA-prabaMdha-campU" kA mahAgaNapati-prAdurbhAva (naattk)| prakAzana, kAvyamAlA (36) nirNaya sAgara presa, muMbaI se 1936 sAgaranandI - inake pramukha grantha kA nAma haiI. meM ho cukA hai| "naattklkssnn-rtnkosh"| sarvaprathama 1922 I. meM silvAM levI saraphojI bhosale - taMjaura ke vyaMkojIrAva bhosale ke dvitIya ne nepAla se prApta pANDulipi ke AdhAra para isakA prakAzana putra / samaya-I. 18 vIM shtii| rcnaa-kumaarsmbhvcmpuu| jarnala Aph eziyATika sosAiTI meM kiyA thaa| san 1937 sarvajJamitra - kAzmIra-nivAsI stotrkvi| I. 8 vIM zatI kA meM zrI. Dillana ne isa graMtha ko landana se prakAzita krvaayaa| puurvaardh| kalhaNa dvArA ullikhita / kathyanirmita vihAra meM rahate bAbUlAla zukla ke sampAdana meM hindI TIkA sahita yaha caukhambA the| apanI racanA sragdharAstotra dvArA bauddha devI tArA kI stuti se prakAzita huA hai| sAgaranaMdI, dhanaMjaya tathA bhoja ke paravartI kara, apane svataH ke sAtha 100 logoM ko narabali hone se AcArya the| inake graMtha meM harSavArtika, mAtRgupta garga, kazyakuTTa, bcaayaa| eka daridra brAhmaNa ko dravya dene ke liye, apane ko nakhakuTTa tathA bAdari kA ullekha huA hai jinase patA calatA eka rAjA ko beca diyA thaa| yahI rAjA, inake samaveta 100 hai ki inhoMne ina AcAryoM ke siddhAntoM kA anuzIlana karane narabali dene ke prayAsa meM thaa| tArAdevI kI stuti se, rAjA ke pazcAt apanA grantha likhA hogaa| inhoMne kArikA ke rUpa kA prayAsa asaphala rhaa| meM yaha grantha likhA hai jisameM kahIM-kahIM bharatakRta nATyazAstra sarvajJAtmamuni - advaita sampradAya ke eka pramukha aacaary| Apa ke zloka mUlataH uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| "nityabodhAcArya" bhI kahalAte the| guru the surezvarAcArya / sAgaranandI, abhinavagupta ke mata ke pratikUla, vartamAna saMkSepazArIraka, paMcaprakriyA evaM pramANalakSaNa nAmaka Apane narapati ke caritra ko nATaka kA viSaya banAne ke pakSa meM hai| tIna graMtha haiN| saMkSepazArIraka, brahmasUtrazAMkarabhASya ke AdhAra para ve rasoM kI dRSTi se nATyavRttiyAM ke vibhAjana ke avasara para likhA gayA graMtha hai| usameM 1240 zloka haiN| cAra adhyAyoM kohala kA anusaraNa karate hai, bharata kA nhiiN| kahIM-kahIM ve meM vaha vibhAjita hai| usameM pratibiMbavAda kA puraskAra kiyA dhanaMjaya se bhI matabheda prakaTa karate haiN| inhoMne uparUpaka ke gayA hai| saMkSepazArIraka para nRsiMhAzrama kI tattvabodhinI, vibhinna prakAroM ke udAharaNa-granthoM ke nAma ginavAe haiN| madhusUdanasarasvatI kI sArasaMgraha, puruSottama dIkSita kI subodhinI "nATakalakSaNa-ratnakoza" madhyayuga kA mahattvapUrNa grantha mAnA evaM rAmatIrtha kI anvayArtha-prakAzikA nAmaka TIkAeM prasiddha haiN| jAtA hai| anya kRtiyAM- "jAnakI-rAghava" (nATaka) tathA sarvAnandasUri - sudyarbhAgacchIya jayasiMha nAmaka vidvAna the, chaMdazAstra, saMgIta va nighaMTu viSayaka grNth| jinakI paTTaparamparA meM kramazaH candraprabhasUri, dharmaghoSasUri, sAtavaLekara, zrIpAda dAmodara (vedamUrti) - janma-sAvaMtavADI zIlabhadrasUri, guNaratnasUri aura sarvAnandasUri hue| racanAeM- (mhaaraassttr)| citrakalA meM atyaMta nipuNa the| 40 varSa kI pArzvanAthacarita (saM.1291/8000 zloka) aura candraprabhacarita Ayu meM citrakAra kA vyavasAya choDakara vedAdhyayana meM ramamANa (saM. 1302/13 sarga, 6141 zloka) / mUla kathA aura avAntara hue| rASTrIya vRtti ke kAraNa tatkAlIna aMgrejI sarakAra dvArA kathAeM camatkArapUrNa haiN| satata upadrava huaa| ataH bhArata meM anyAnya sthAnoM meM nivAsa sarvAruzarmA trivedI - sara viliyama jonsa kI preraNA se / karanA pdd'aa| aundha nareza bhavAnarAva paMta pratinidhi ke Azraya rcnaa-vivaadsaaraarnnvH| meM veda pracAra kA kArya kiyaa| Apane saMpAdana kI huI cAroM savAI IzvarIsiMha - samaya-I. 18 vIM shtii| jayapura ke vedoM kI daivatasaMhitA apUrva hai| veda aura rAmAyaNa ke marAThI mahArAjA the| racanA-"bhaktamAlA" nAmaka saMskRta kaavy| anuvAda prakAzita kie| gojJAnakoza meM goviSayaka vaidika maMtroM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| puruSArtha (marAThI) aura vaidika dharma savya AMgirasa - Rgveda ke pahale maMDala ke 44 se 51 (hiMdI) mAsika patrikAoM dvArA vaidika vicAroM kA pracAra taka ke sAta sUktoM ke draSTA / iMdra ke parAkrama kA varNana inameM hai| kiyaa| puruSArthabodhinI nAmaka ApakI bhagavadgItA kI hiMdI sahasrabuddhe - dhAravADa (karnATaka) nivaasii| racanAeM TIkA atyaMta lokapriya hai| "saMskRta svayaMzikSikA" nAmaka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa/483 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ApakI bAlabodha pustakamAlA sarvatra lokapriya huI hai| svAdhyAya maMDala nAmaka Apane sthApana kI huI saMsthA ke dvArA saMskRta kI prAthamika parIkSAeM hotI haiN| Apa rASTrIya svayaMsevaka saMgha ke kAryakartA the| sAmanta cUDAmaNi - I. 12 vIM shtii| bNgaal-nivaasii| "zyAmalacarita' nAmaka kAvya ke rcyitaa|| sAmarAja dIkSita - I. 17 vIM shtii| mthuraa-nivaasii| buMdelakhaMDa ke rAjA AnaMdarAya ke aashrit| pitA-narahari vindupurandara / putra-kAmarAja (zRMgAra-kalikA ke lekhk)| pautra-vrajarAja (rasamaMjarITIkA ke lekhk)| prapautra-jIvarAja (rasataraMgiNI kI TIkA ke prnnetaa)| ___ kRtiyAM- zrIdAmacarita (nATaka), dhUrtanartaka (prahasana), ratikallolinI (kAmazAstra viSayaka grantha), zRMgArAmRta-laharI, tripurasundarI-mAnasa-pUjana-stotra, kAvyendu-prakAza (kAvyazAstra-viSayaka), AryAtrizatI aura akSaragumpha / sAyaNAcArya - I. 14 vIM sdii| eka kUTanItijJa, saMgrAmazUra, prakAMDa paMDita aura vedbhaassykaar| janma AMdhra meM huaa| pitA-mAyaNa evaM maataa-shriimtii| mAdhavAcArya Apake bar3e bhAI the| choTe bAI the bhognaath| Apake vidyAguru tIna the :(1) zRMgerIpITha ke svAmI vidyAtIrtha, (2) bhAratIkRSNatIrtha aura (3) shriikNtthnaath| 31 varSa kI Ayu meM Apa kaMpaNa ke mahAmaMtrI bne| kaMpaNa, udayagiri (jilA nellora, Andhra) meM vijayanagara samrATa harihara ke pratinidhi the| kaMpaNa kI mRtyu ke bAda unake putra saMgama (dvitIya) ko yogya mArgadarzana kara Apane unakA rAjya samhAlA / unake zAsana ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki "satyaM mahIM bhavati zAsati saaynnaayeN| samprAptabhogasukhinaH sakalAzca lokAH / / " / artha- sAyaNAcArya rAjya kA zAsana jaba kara rahe the taba sabhI ko upabhoga ke sukha prApta hue| cola deza ke rAjA caMpa ne jaba saMgama ko choTA jAnakara AkramaNa kiyA, to sAyaNa ne senA kA netRtva kara caMpa ko parAjita kiyaa| "alaMkArasudhAnidhi" meM isakA ullekha hai| saMgama ke rAjya meM 48 varSa kI Ayu taka rahane ke bAda Apa samrATa bukka ke rAjya meM aaye| vahAM bhI pradhAnapada Apane smhaalaa| sAyaNAcArya ne kucha lokopayogI graMthoM kI racanA bhI kii| ve haiM- subhASitasudhAnidhi, AyurvedasudhAnidhi, alaMkArasudhAnidhi, puruSArthasudhAnidhi, prAyazcittasudhAnidhi aura dhAtuvRttiSudhAnidhi / yaMtrasudhAnidhi nAmaka graMtha bhI Apane likhA hai| sAyaNAcArya vedabhASyakAra ke rUpa meM ajarAmara haiN| Apane bhASyalekhana ke liye pahale kRSNa yajurveda kA cunAva kiyaa| kRSNa yajurveda kI taittirIya zAkhA ke hone se ise Apane agrapUjA kA sammAna diyA hogaa| taittirIya brAhmaNa evaM taittirIya AraNyaka para bhI Apane bhASya likhe| yajurveda kA bhASya pUrNa hone para Apane Rgveda kA krama liyaa| unhoMne aitareya brAhmaNa evaM aitareya AraNyaka para bhI bhASya likhe| phira sAmaveda va atharvaveda para bhASya likhe| zatapatha brAhmaNa para likhita bhASya ApakI aMtima racanA rhii| sAyaNAcArya ne apane bhASya meM yAjJika-paddhati ko mahattva diyA hai| sArvabhauma - I. 16 vIM shtii| guru-vizvanAtha cakravartI / putr-durgaadaas| kavi karNapUra likhita alaMkAra-kaustubha ke ttiikaakaar| siMdhukSit - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 75 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| yaha sUkta choTA hai kintu sindhu nadI ke nAma para jAnA jAtA hai| isa sUkta kI pAMcavI RcA meM gaMgA, yamunA, sarasvatI, zutudrI (satalaja), paruSNI (rAvI), marudvadhA tathA ArjikIyA nadiyoM kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra chaThavIM RcA meM kubhA (kAbula), susUrta, rasA Adi nadiyoM kA ullekha hai| inakI eka RcA isa prakAra hai pra te radadvaruNo yAtave pathaH sindho yadvAjA abhyadravastvam bhUmyA adhi pravatA yAsi sAnunA yadeSAmagraM jagatAmirajyasi arthAt parvata zikhara se avatIrNa honevAlI jagatsvAminI he sindhu nadI, urvarA pradeza meM terA pravAha varuNa devatA ne hI taiyAra kiyA hai| bhaugolika dRSTi se yaha sUkta mahattvapUrNa hai| siddhasena divAkara - I. 5 vIM zatI-uttarArdha / pitA-kAtyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa / maataa-devshrii| jnmsthaan-ujjyinii| siddhasena ne vRddha vAdisUri se vAdavivAda meM parAjita hone para unase guru-dIkSA lii| dIkSAnAma thA kumudcndr| isa saMbaMdha meM eka AkhyAyikA isa prakAra batAyI jAtI hai ki siddhasena ko apanI vidvattA aura pAMDitya para baDA garva thaa| unhoMne yaha pratijJA kI ki jo unheM vAda-vivAda meM parAsta kara degA use ve guru mAna leNge| siddhasena apane isa pratijJA-pUrti ke liye digvijaya karate gye| unheM yaha jAnakArI milI ki pazcima bhArata meM eka vikhyAta jaina AcArya rahate haiN| unakI khoja karane ve nikala pdde| sUrata ke nikaTa jaMgala meM unakI bheMTa vRddhavAdI se huii| unheM zAstrArtha kI cunautI dii| vRddhavAdI ne kahA ki unheM cunautI maMjUra hai, kintu jaya-parAjaya kA nirNaya dene vAle kisI tIsare vyakti kI upasthiti meM hI ve zAstrArtha kreNge| vahAM pAsa meM hI eka gvAlA apane pazu carA rahA thaa| siddhasena ne use apane pAsa bulAyA aura use pahala kI aura ve lagAtAra bolate gye| usa gvAle kI samajha meM kucha bhI nahIM A rahA thaa| use lagA yaha brAhmaNa ardha-pAgala-sA hai| siddhasena kA bhASaNa samApta hone para vRddhavAdI ne usa gvAle ke pAsa kI Dholaka apane hAthoM meM lI aura usake tAla para unhoMne eka gIta gAyA jisakA artha thA- kisI ko 434 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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kaSTa na pahuMcAyeM, corI na kareM, parastrI se saMga na kareM, yathAzakti sIradeva - I. 13 vIM zatI kA pUrvArdha / baMgAlI ke vaiyaakrnn| garIboM ko dAna deN| jo isa rAste para calegA usakA hI anta ___"paribhASAvRtti" (pANini-kRta pAribhASika zabdAvalI para vRtti) meM uddhAra hogaa| usa gvAle ko yaha gIta bahuta acchA lgaa| ke rcyitaa| yaha graMtha "bRhatparibhASAvRtti" ke nAma se bhI usane gIta samApta hote hI vRddhavAdI ke caraNoM meM sira jhukA jAnA jAtA hai| isa para aneka TIkAeM likhI gaI, kiMtu unameM kara kahA- ApakI bAta mujhe AsAnI se samajha meM A gaI se kevala tIna TIkAeM hastalikhita svarUpa meM upalabdha haiN| aura ina siddhasena mahArAja kI bAta mere palle nahIM pddii| saMdaradAsa - I. 20 vIM shtii| pitaa-raamaanuj| racanAeMjaya to ApakI hI huii| komalAmbAkucazataka, hanumavilAsa aura assttpraas|| siddhasena isa ghaTanA kA vAstavika artha samajha gye| unakA suMdaradeva - I. 17 vIM shtii| inhoMne 20 se adhika tatkAlIna ghamaMDa cUra ho gayA aura unhoMne jaina AcArya vRddhavAdI ko kaviyoM ke subhASita prabhUta mAtrA meM saMkalita kiye| akabara, guru mAna kara unase dIkSA lii| nijAmazAha, zAhajahAM jaise yavana zAsakoM kI stuti ke zloka siddhasena divAkara ne kula 32 graMthoM kI racanA kI hai bhI saMgrahita karanA eka vizeSatA hai| kahIM-kahIM urdU zabdoM jinameM se 21 graMtha Aja bhI upalabdha haiN| inameM nyAyAvatAra, kA prayoga bhI saMskRta ke sAtha inhoMne kiyA hai| graMthanAmasanmatitarkasUtra, tattvArthaTIkA, kalyANa-maMdira-stotra tathA suniitisuNdrm| dvAtriMzikA-stotra vizeSa prasiddha haiN| inheM jaina nyAyazAstra kA suMdara bhaTTAcArya - inhoMne apane guru devAcArya ke "siddhAMta-jAhnavI" praNetA mAnA jAtA hai| pramANa ke svarUpa kA vyavasthita vivacena nAmaka graMtha para "setu" nAmaka vistRta vyAkhyAna prastuta kiyaa| aura nayavAda ke rUpa meM jaina-tarkazAstra kA vistRta vivecana vyAkhyAna kI prathama taraMga, (catuHsUtrI taka) prApta tathA mudrita / unake maulika kArya haiN| DA. vidyAbhUSaNa ke anusAra siddhasena zeSa bhAga abhI taka anupalabdha haiN| devAcArya taka niMbArka-saMpradAya divAkara 5 vIM zatAbdI ke aMta meM mAlavA ke rAjA yazodharma kI eka hI ziSya-paraMparA rhii| pazcAt do zAkhAeM huiiN| pradhAna deva ke Azrita the, vahIM unhoMne apane sabhI graMthoM kI racanA kii| zAkhA meM suMdara bhaTTAcArya tathA dUsarI zAkhA meM vrajabhUSaNa nityAnanda - siddhAntarAja nAmaka graMtha ke rcyitaa| racanA devAcArya prasiddha haiN| kAla- 1639 ii.| yaha graMtha graha-gaNita viSayaka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa suMdararAja (suMdararAjAcArya) - kerl-nivaasii| kula vaikhAnasa / kRti hai| isameM varNita viSayoM ke zIrSaka isa prakAra haiM- rAmAnuja smprdaayii| janma-sana 1841 meM, ilattura agrahAra meN| mImAMsAdhyAya, madhyamAdhikAra, spaSTAdhikAra, bhU-grahayUtyadhikAra, mRtyu san 1905 meN| pitaa-vrdraaj| guru-rAmasvAmI zAstrI tathA unnatAMza-sAdhanA-dhikAra, bhuvanakoza, golabaMdhAdhikAra aura svAmI diikssit| eTTiyapuram tathA trAvaNakora ke rAjAoM dvArA yaatraadhikaar| smmnit| siddhezvara caTTopAdhyAya - janma-san 1918 meM, pUrva baMgAla kRtiyAM- rAmabhadracampU, rAmabhadrastutizataka, kRSNAryAzataka, meN| zikSA-dIkSA kalakatte meN| em.e., DI.liTa. tathA kAvyatIrtha / nIti-rAmAyaNa kAvya tathA pAMca nATaka-snuSA-vijaya, hanumadvijaya, saMskRta sAhitya pariSada ke sciv| vardhamAna vi.vi. meM saMskRta rasikaraMjana, vaidarbhI-vAsudeva tathA padminI-pariNaya / ke prdhyaapk| suMdaravallI - I. 19 vIM shtii| maisUra nivAsI narasiMha ayyaMgAra kRtiyAM :- dharitrIpati-nirvAcanam, atha kim, nanAvitADana kI kanyA tathA kastUrI raMgAcArya kI shissyaa| racanA-rAmAyaNacampU: aura svargIya prhsnm| inake atirikta kucha aMgrejI, baMgalA (6 sargoM kA kaavy)| tathA saMskRta meM kaI anusaMdhAnAtmaka kRtiyAM bhI inake nAma haiN| sundaravIrarAghava - tiruvallUra ke kastUrI raMganAtha kA putra / sisTara bAlambAla - madrAsa nivaasii| inhoMne sarala-sugama racanAeM- (1) bhojarAjAGkama, (2) abhinavarAghavam (3) zailI meM bAloM ke liye "AryArAmAyaNam" kI racanA kI hai| rmbhaaraavnniiym| sItArAma AcArya - I. 20 vIM shtii| "bhaimInaiSadhIya" nAmaka suMdareza zarmA - I. 20 vIM shtii| tNjaur-nivaasii| rAmabhakta / rUpaka ke rcyitaa| taMjaura meM saMskRta ekeDemI ke prvrtk| kRtiyAM- tyAgarAja-carita sItArAma zAstrI - kAkarapAratI (AMdhra) ke nivaasii| racanAeM- (mahAkAvya), rAmAmRta-taraMgiNI (stotra-saMgraha), zRMgAra-zekhara (1) campUrAmAyaNam (2) sItArAmadayAlaharI (khaNDa kAvya) / (bhANa) rAghava-guNaratnAkara aura premavijaya (naattk)| sItArAma sUri - samaya-I. 1836-1905 / "kavimanoraMjaka-caMpU" sukIrti kAkSIvat - Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 131 veM nAmaka kAvya ke racayitA / janma-tirunelaveli jile ke tirukuruDiga sUkta ke draSTA / indra va azvinIkumAra isa sUkta kI devatA hai| nAmaka grAma meN| graMtha kA racanA kAla- 1870 ii.| isakA sukhamaya gaMgopAdhyAya - I. 20 vIM shtii| bNgaal-nivaasii| prakAzana 1950 I. meM huaa| ema.e.,bI.eD. kAvyatIrtha, vyAkaraNatIrtha va smRtitIrtha / "pAtivratya" saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 485 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tathA "vidyAmandira" nAmaka rUpakoM ke prnnetaa| sutaMbhara Atreya - atrikula meM jnm| Rgveda ke pAMcave maMDala ke 11 se 14 veM kramAMkoM ke sUktoM ke drssttaa| inake sUktoM kA viSaya hai-agnistuti| sudarzanapati - I. 20 vIM shtii| "siMhala-vijaya", "pAdukAvijaya" tathA "satyacaritam" nAmaka aitihAsika nATakoM ke prnnetaa| ye nATaka utkala kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM para AdhArita haiN| Apa jagannAthapurI saMskRta vidyAlaya meM adhyApaka the| sudarzanasUri - I. 14 vIM zatAbdI kA mdhykaal| tAmilanADu meM jnm| aparanAma vedavyAsa / guru-vrdaacaary| hArIta-kula meM utpanna "vAg-vijaya" ke putr| draviDa braahmnn| rAmAnujAcArya ke bhAgineya va shissy| zrIrAmAnujAcArya ne apane darzana-graMthoM meM bhAgavata ke siddhAntoM kA yathAvasara ullekha kiyA hai, parantu saMpradAyAnusAriNI TIkA likhane kA prayAsa kiyA sudarzana sUri ne| ye rAmAnujAcArya ke dArzanika graMthoM ke prauDha vyAkhyAkAra haiN| Apane, guru varadAcArya se zrIbhASya kA adhyayana kara, nitAMta lokapriya "zruti-prakAzikA'' TIkA zrIbhASya para nibaddha kii| inakI bhAgavata-vyAkhyA kA nAma hai- "shukpkssiiy"| inake matAnusAra yaha TIkA zukadevajI ke viziSTa mata kA pratipAdana karatI hai| aSTaTIkAsaMvalita bhAgavata ke saMskaraNa meM yaha kevala dazama, ekAdaza evaM dvAdaza skaMdhoM para hI upalabdha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki jaba dillI ke bAdazAha alAuddIna khilajI ke senApati malika kAphUra ne zrIraGgam para 1367 I. meM AkramaNa kiyA thA, taba usa yuddha meM ye mAre gaye the| phalataH inakA samaya I. 14 vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla (lagabhaga 1320 I. 1367 I.) hai| sudhAkara zukla - janmasthAna-kyoMTarA, jilA-iTAvA, uttrprdesh| guru-paM. vanamAlIlAla dIkSita aura paM. lalitaprasAda / kAvyatIrtha, sAhityAcArya aura ema.e. kI upAdhiyAM prApta hone ke pazcAt datiyA (ma.pra.) meM nivAsa kiyaa| Apane gAMdhIsaugandhika (20 sarga) aura bhAratIsvayaMvara (12 sarga) nAmaka do saMskRta ke mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta candrabAlA nAmaka (20 sargoM kA) eka hiMdI mahAkAvya, devadUtam tathA kelikalaza nAmaka do saMskRta khaMDakAvya tathA kiranadUta aura kasaka nAmaka do hiMdI khaMDakAvya likhe haiN| "lavaMgalatA" nAmaka 10 aMkoM kA eka nATaka bhI Apane likhA hai| Apake "gAndhIsaugandhikam" mahAkAvya ko a.bhA. saMskRta sAhitya sammelana dvArA aura kasaka nAmaka hiMdI khaMDa kAvya ko vindhyapradeza zAsana dvArA puraskRta kiyA gayA hai| sudhAkalaza - rAjazekhara ke shissy| jaina pNddit| racanAsaMgItopaniSad (I. 1323) aura usakI TIkA (I. 1349) / sunAga - kAtyAyana se uttarakAlIna vaiyaakrnn| vArtikoM ke prvcnkrtaa| inhoMne pANinIya dhAtupATha para bhI koI vyAkhyA likhI thii| sAyaNabhASya meM saunAga-mata kA nirdeza aneka sthAnoM para kiyA gayA hai| suparNa tAhmaputra - eka sUkta drssttaa| Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 144 veM sUkta kI racanA Apane kI hai| indra isa sUkta kI devatA hai| subandhu - racanA-vAsavadattA (gdykthaa)| bANabhaTTa ne harSacarita ke prArambha meM kucha graMtha tathA unake lekhakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM vAsavadattA kA samAveza hai| vAsavadattA meM vikramAditya kI mRtyu se kAvya saundarya-kSati hone kI bAta lekhaka ne kahI hai| bhAmaha ne vAsavadattA kI kathAvastu lokazAstra-viruddha hone kI TIkA kI hai| vAsavadattA kI kathA pUrvakAla se rasikoM meM priya hone kA saMdarbha pAtaMjala-mahAbhASya meM bhI milatA hai| vAsavadattA paDhane vAle, vahAM 'vAsavadattika' batAe gae haiM para subandhu usakA lekhaka honA asambhava sA pratIta hotA hai| subandhu (vAsavadattA) kA ullekha vAmana ke kAvyAlaMkAra meM milatA hai tathA bANa aura bhavabhUti ke zabda-prayogoM kA anukaraNa vAsavadattA meM pAyA jAtA hai yaha bAta vivAdya nhiiN| isase subandhu, bANa bhavabhUti aura bhAmaha ke bAda tathA vAmana ke pUrva hue hoMge yaha anumAna tarkasaMgata hai| tadanusAra subaMdhu kA samaya I. 8 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha honA saMbhava hai| subbarAma - I. 20 vIM shtii| "meghodaya" nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| e.vhI. subrahmaNya ayyara - prAcArya Ara.DI. saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya mdurai| racanA-padyapuSpAMjaliH (kucha cunI aMgrejI kavitAoM kA anuvaad)| subrahmaNya zarmA - I. 20 vIM shtii| "samIhita-samIkSaNa" nAmaka prahasana ke prnnetaa| subrahmaNya sUri (prA.) - pitA-caukkanAtha adhvrii| pudukoTTA ke rAja kAleja meM saMskRta ke prAdhyApaka (san 1894 se 1910 tk)| janma-I. 18501 sthaan-kddaaykddi| vividha zAstroM tathA kalAoM kI nipuNatA ke kAraNa dakSiNa bhArata meM prasiddha vyakti / racanAeM- rAmAvatAra, vizvAmitrAyAga, sItAkalyANa, rukmiNIkalyANa, vibhUtimAhAtmya, hallIzamaMjarI, dolAgItAni, vallIbAhuleya (nATaka), zantanucarita, manmathamathana (bhANa), 'buddhisandeza, haratIrthezvarastuti, zukasUktisudhArasAyanam Adi 18 grNth| inheM sAmaveda kaMThastha thA, aura ye sAma-gAyana tathA vaktRtva evaM citrakalA meM nipuNa the| subhUticandra - I.sa. 1062 se 1172 ke madhya / bNgaalnivaasii| saMbhavataH magadha ke Anandagarbha ke uttarAdhikArI / kRtiyAM-kAmadhenu (amarakoza kI TIkA) aura naamliNgaanushaasn| sumati - sanmatisUtra ke ttiikaakaar| tattvasaMgraha meM pratyakSa-lakSaNa-samIkSA ke saMdarbha meM zAntarakSita tathA unake 486 / mamkata vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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ziSya kamalazIla dvArA ullikhit| samaya-lagabhaga I. 8 vIM shtaabdii| pramANa aura naya ke viziSTa vidvaan| sumatikIrti - inake guru-jJAnabhUSaNa ne karmakANDa kI TIkA sumatikIrti kI sahAyatA se prastuta kii| racanAeM- karmakANDaTIkA aura pNcsNgrhttiikaa| inake atirikta inakI kucha hindI racanAeM bhI upalabdha haiN| sumatIndra - rcnaa-suumtiindr-jyghossnnaa| surIndratIrtha aura veMkaTanArAyaNa ke shissy| maadhvsmprdaayii| inhoMne zAhajI-stavana ke liye yaha racanA kI thii| rAjA ne tiruvADamarudUra nAmaka grAma meM inheM "Tha pradAna kiyaa| sumitra kautsa - Rgveda ke dasaveM maMDala ke 105 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| indra kI stuti meM race gae isa sUkta meM indra kI yajJapriyatA, bhaktoM para vaha kaise kRpAdRSTi rakhatA hai tathA dveSa karane vAloM ke liye vaha kisa prakAra ghAtaka hai Adi kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| inakI eka RcA isa prakAra hai : apa yorindraH pApaja A marto na zazramANo bibhiivaan| zubhe yadhuyuje tvissiivaan|| arthAt - pAtaka ke kAraNa jo vAsanAeM utpanna hotI haiM, indra unakA nAza karatA hai| martya (mAnava) kA svabhAva kucha aisA hai ki vaha parizrama nahIM karanA cAhatA sAtha hI vaha Darapoka bhI hai parantu yadi manuSya zubhakArya kI ora pravRtta hogA to vaha baDA dhairyavAn bnegaa| surendramohana paMcatIrtha - I. 20 vIM shtii| klkttaa-nivaasii| kRtiyAM- vaidyadurghaha, kAMcanamAlA, paMcakanyA, prajApateH pAThazAlA, azokakAnane jAnakI, vaNiksutA Adi kaI bAlocita laghu naattk| surezvara - I. 11 vIM shtii| apara nAma surpaal| baMgAlanareza rAmapAla ke aMtaraMga vaidy| pitaa-bhdreshvr| "zabdapradIpa" nAmaka Ayurvedika vanaspatikoza ke krtaa| anya- kRtiyAM - vRkSAyurveda aura lohapaddhati / surezvarAcArya - I. 8 vIM shtii| zrIzaMkarAcArya ke pramukha cAra ziSyoM meM se ek| pUrvAzrama meM inakA nAma vizvarUpa thaa| yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki surezvarAcArya maMDanamizra kA caturthAzramI nAma hai| maMDanamizra karmakAMDI mImAMsaka the jina para vAdavivAda meM zaMkarAcArya ne vijaya pAyI hai aura unheM saMnyAsa-dIkSA dekara unakA nAma surezvarAcArya rkhaa| isa prakAra kI jAnakArI "zAMkara-digvijaya" meM dI gayI hai| kintu hAla meM kiye gaye saMzodhana se yaha tathya sAmane AyA hai ki maMDana-mizra aura surezvarAcArya, pRthak tathA bhinnakAla the| zaMkarAcArya ke AdezoM para surezvarAcArya ne taittirIyayopaniSad-bhASya, bRhadAraNyaka-bhASya, dakSiNAmUrtistotra, paMcIkaraNa Adi graMthoM para vArtikoM kI racanA kii| inake alAvA naiSkarmya-siddhi nAmaka eka svataMtra graMtha bhI Apane likhaa| isameM unhoMne avidyA ke lakSaNoM para prakAza DAlA hai| suvedA zairiSI - ziriSa ke putra Rgveda ke 10 veM maNDala ke 147 veM sUkta ke draSTA / isa sUkta kA viSaya hai indrastuti / suzruta - eka AyurvedAcArya tathA shlytNtr-vettaa| inake nizcita kAla kI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai, tathApi ye vAgbhaTa ke pUrva tathA agniveza ke samakAlIna rahe hoNge| pANini ne apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM "sauzrutapArthavAH" nAmaka pATha likhA hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki suzruta pANini ke pUrvakAla meM rahe hoNge| "suzrutasaMhitA" se patA calatA hai ki ye vizvAmitra ke putra the, kintu eka anya matAnusAra suzruta ko zAlihotra kA putra mAnA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM lakSaNa-prakAza meM kahA hai ki zAlihotra nAmaka RSizreSTha se suzruta prazna karatA hai aura isa prakAra putra dvArA prazna kiye jAne para zAlihotra kahatA hai| suzruta ne zastra-zAstra kI vidyA divodAsa se prApta kI aura "suzrutasaMhitA" nAmaka grantha likhaa| isake pAMca vibhAga haiMsUtrasthAna, nidAnasthAna, zarIrasthAna, cikitsAsthAna aura kalpasthAna / zastropacAra tathA vraNopacAra viSayaka vistRta jAnakArI isameM dI gaI hai| vaidyakI-kSetra meM tvacAropaNa-taMtra ke bhI suzruta acche jAnakara the| suzruta-saMhitA meM Age calakara "uttarasthAna" nAmaka eka aura vibhAga joDA gayA hai| ise milAkara isa graMtha ko "vRddhasuzruta" kahA jAne lgaa| sahastya ghauSeya - ghoSA ke putra / Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 41 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| isa sUkta kI devatA azvinI hai| suhotra - bhAradvAja ke putr| Rgveda ke 6-31-32 veM sUktoM ke drssttaa| indra ina sUktoM kI devatA hai| sUrya daivajJa . I. 15 vIM shtii| saambhaassykaar| inake graMtha anupalabdha haiN| graMthakAra ne "paramArthaprapA' nAmaka apane gItAbhASya meM kaI bAra sAmasaMbaMdhI aneka maMtra aura graMtha uddhRta kiye haiN| unakA rAvaNa-bhASya para baDA vizvAsa thaa| graMthakAra ne bhaktizataka aura zatazloka-bhASya nAmaka do graMtha race the| sUryanArAyaNa - alUrikulotpanna / mAtA-jJAnambA va pitA-yajJezvara / inhoMne "ekadina-prabandhaH" nAmaka kAvya kI racanA eka hI dina meM kI thii| yaha isakI vizeSatA hai| kAvya kA varNya viSaya hai mahAbhArata kI kthaa| sUryanArAyaNAdhvarI - I. 19-20 vIM shtii| "sItA-pariNaya" nAmaka kAvya ke rcyitaa|| soMThIbhadrAdi rAmazAstrI . I. 1856 se 1915 / pIThApuram (AMdhra) ke nivAsI / racanA-zambarAsuravijaya-campU, zrIrAmavijayam kAvya aura muktAvalI naattikaa| sola - samaya-I. 13 vIM zatAbdI kA mdhy| Ayurveda viSayaka "gadanigraha" va "guNasaMgraha" nAmaka do graMthoM ke prnnetaa| ye gujarAta ke nivAsI tathA jozI the| gada-nigraha saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 487 For Private and Personal Use Only

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SHAH Ayurveda zAstra kA graMtha hai, aura guNa-saMgraha cikitsA-graMtha hai| soThThala ne apane "guNa-saMgraha" meM svayaM ko vaidyanaMdana kA putra va sarvadayAlu kA ziSya batalAyA hai| "gada-nigraha" kA hiMdI anuvAda sahita (do bhAgoM meM) prakAzana, caukhaMbA vidyA-bhavana se ho cukA hai| sola - I. 11 vIM zatI kA puurvaardh| valabhI (gujarAta) ke kAyastha-vaMza meM janme soThThala kA pAlanapoSaNa, pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda lATAdhipati gaMgAdhara nAmaka cAlukya rAjaputra ke Azraya meM huaa| bIca ke kAlakhaMDa meM soThThala zilAhAra-vaMza ke citta rAjA ke Azraya meM rahe, jahAM unheM "kavipradIpa" kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| Age calakara lATanRpati vatsarAja ke nimaMtraNa para ve punaH unake Azraya lauTa Aye tathA unakI preraNA se bANa ke upanyAsa kA Adarza sAmane rakhakara udayasuMdarI nAmaka gadya-padyAtmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| saMskRtakAvya ke itihAsa meM inake graMtha ko vizeSa mahattvapUrNa sthAna isa lie prApta hai ki isameM unhoMne vaidarbhI, gauDI va pAMcAlI ina tInoM rItiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| saubharI - Rgveda ke 8 veM maMDala ke 19, 22 va 103 veM sUktoM ke drssttaa| inake sUktoM meM inake pitA tathA parivAra kA aneka bAra ullekha AyA hai| sUktoM kI devatA hai agni, azvinau aura agni -mrut|| somakIrti - kASThAsaMgha ke nandItaTa gaccha ke rAmasenAnvayI bhaTTAraka lakSmIsena ke praziSya aura bhImasena ke ziSya / samaya-I. 16 vIM shtii| racanAeM- saptavyasana-kathA-samuccaya (2067 zloka), pradyumnacarita (4850 zloka) tathA yazodhara-caritra (1018 shlok)| somadeva - (1) I. 11 vIM shtii| kAzmIra ke rAjA anaMta kI sabhA meM raajkvi| pitaa-raam| somadeva ne guNADhya kI bRhatkathA ke AdhAra para "kathAsaritsAgara" nAmaka graMtha kI racanA kii| sunIlacandra rAya ke matAnusAra inhoMne yaha graMtha kAzmIra ke rAjA kalaza kI mAtA sUryamati ke manoraMjana hetu likhaa| inhoMne "kriyAnItivAkyAmRta" nAmaka eka ora graMtha bhI likhA hai| (2) zAkaMbharI ke rAjA vIsaladeva vigraharAja kI sabhA meM somadeva nAmaka kavi ho gaye jinhoMne I. 12 vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM rAjA kI prazasti meM "lalitavigraharAja" nAmaka nATaka likhaa| (3) vyAkaraNa zAstra ke vidvaan| zilAhAravaMza ke rAjA bhojadeva (dvitIya) ke smkaaliin| samaya-I. 13 vIM shtii| graMtha-zabdacandrikAvRtti, jise zabdArNava (guNanandIkRta) meM praviSTa karane kI dRSTi se likhA gyaa| kolhApura maMDalAntarvartI arjurikA nAmaka grAma ke tribhuvanatilaka jaina maMdira meM isa graMtha kA praNayana huaa| somadevasUri - nemideva ke ziSya, yazodeva ke praziSya, mahendradeva ke anuja / devasaMgha ke aacaary| arikesarI nAmaka cAlukya rAjA ke putra vaddiga somadeva ke sNrkssk| kAnyakubja nareza mahendradeva se sNbddh| racanAeM aura racanAkAla- tIna racanAeM upalabdha haiM- nItivAkyAmRta, yazastilakacampU (I. 10 zatI) aura adhyaatmtrNginnii| nItivAkyAmRta rAjanIti kA graMtha hai| isa para kavi neminAtha kI kannaDa-TIkA (I. 13 vIM zatI) upalabdha hai| yazastilaka-campU ATha AzvAsoM meM vibhaktA hai| isakI gadyazailI bANa kI kAdambarI ke tulya hai| isakI kathAvastu yazodhara kA carita hai| isake pUrvArdha para brahma zrutasAra kI saMskRta TIkA hai| adhyAtmaraMgaNI meM cAlIsa zloka haiN| isa para gaNadharakIrti kI saMskRta TIkA (I. 12 vIM zatI) upalabdha hai| isameM dhyAnavidhi kA varNana hai| somadeva kavi aura dArzanika vidvAna haiN| auraMgAbAda ke samIpa parabhaNI nAmaka sthAna se prApta eka tAmrapatra meM cAlukya sAmaMta arikesarI (I. 10 vIM zatI) dvArA nirmita zubha dhAma nAmaka jinAlaya ke jIrNoddhAraNArtha somadeva ko eka gAMva dene kA ullekha hai| yaha jinAlaya leMbula pATaNa nAma kI rAjadhAnI meM vaddiga somadeva ne banavAyA thaa| somanAtha - Andhra pradeza meM godAvarI jile ke nivaasii| racanA- rAgavibodha (I.sa. 1609) nAmaka saMgItaviSayaka graMtha / somanAtha - 12 vIM shtii| pitA- gurusiNg| vIrazaiva sampradAya / racanAeM- pANDitArAdhyacaritam (2) basavapurANam (3) bsvgdym| somazekhara - I. 18 vIM shtii| AMdhra nivaasii| inhoMne 'rAma kRSNArjunarUpaM nArAyaNIyam' nAmaka zliSTa kAvya kI racanA kii| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha tIna-artho vAlA hai arthAt isakA pratyeka zloka rAma, kRSNa va arjuna ina tInoM ke liye lAgU paDatA hai| somazekhara - godAvarI jilAntargata perUra graamvaasii| aparanAma rAjazekhara / racanA- bhaagvtcmpuu| atirikta racanA-sAhityakalpadruma (sAhityazAstra viSayaka grNth)| mAdhavarAva pezavA ne apanI rAjyasabhA meM inakA baDA satkAra kiyA thaa| somasena - I. 17 vIM shtii| jainadharmIya senagaNa aura puSkaragaccha ke pratiSThAcArya guNabhadra (guNasena) ke shissy| graMtha-rAmapurANa (33 adhikAra), zabdaratnapradIpa (saMskRta koza) aura dhrmrsiktrivrnnaacaar| somAnaMda - I. 9 vIM zatI kA uttarArdha / inakA "zivadRSTi" nAmaka graMtha, kAzmIra meM pratyabhijJA-darzana kA AdhArabhUta graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| isa graMtha ke sAta adhyAyoM meM kula sAta sau zloka haiN| apane isI graMtha para inhoMne 'vivRtti' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| somAnanda putra - kaTha-mantrapATha ke bhaassykrtaa| nivAsa-sthAna vijyeshvr| inakA bhASya graMtha khaNDarUpa meM upalabdha hai| 488 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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somezvara - I. 12 vIM shtii| vikramAditya ke bAda 1126 I. meM kalyANI ke rAjapada kI praapti| caturasravidvattA ke kAraNa 'sarvajJabhUpa' kI upAdhi praapt| mAnasollAsa athavA abhilaSitArtha-ciMtAmaNi nAmaka kozagraMtha ke lekhk| somezvara datta - I. 13 vIM shtii| gujarAta ke nivaasii| inhoMne 'kIrtikaumudI' aura 'surathotsava' nAmaka do mahAkAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| 'kIrtikaumudI' meM gujarAta ke rAjA vIradhavala ke amAtya vastupAla kI prazasti hai, aura surathotsava meM durgAsaptazatI ke rAjA suratha kA caritra- varNana hai| somezvara bhaTTa rANaka - I. 12 shtii| pitA mAdhava bhtttt| inhoMne taMtravArtika. graMtha para nyAyasudhA, sarvopakAriNI, sarvanibaMdhakAriNI athavA rANaka nAmaka vistRta bhASya likhA hai| inheM 'mImAMsaka rANaka' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| inakA dUsarA graMtha hai taMtrasAra jo aba taka aprakAzita hai| sovanI, veMkaTeza vAmana - I.sa. 1882 se 1925 tk| zivAjI mahArAja ke caritra para kAvyamaya 'zivAvatAra-prabaMdha' ke krtaa| meraTha tathA prayAga meM sNskRtaadhyaapk| anya racanAeM (1) indradyumrAbhyudaya (AdhyAtmika kAvya) (2) divyaprabaMdha, (3) IzalaharI aura (4) rAmacandrodaya (4 srg)| saucIka - Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala ke 79 veM tathA 80 veM sUkta ke drssttaa| ina sUktoM kI devatA vaizvAnara agni hai| inakI eka RcA isa prakAra hai - guhA ziro nihitamRdhagakSI asinvannatti jihvayA vanAni / atrANyasmai paDbhiH sarUM bharantyuttAnahastA namasAdhi vikSu / / arthAt- vaizvAnara kA mastaka bhale hI guphA meM gupta sthAna para ho, phira bhI netra bhinnabhinna dizAoM kI ora dekhate rahate haiN| vaha apanI jIbha se vana-ke-vana nigala jAtA hai| isIliye Rtvija apane hAtha pasArakara aura namra banakara isa mAnava-loka ke khAdya-padArtha usake sAmane satvara rakha dete haiN| sautI - 'mahAbhArata' ke rcyitaa| ye lomaharSaNa ke putra the tathA inakA pUrva nAma ugrazravA thaa| inhoMne 'bhArata' kI zloka saMkhyA tIsa hajAra se baDhAkara 1 lAkha taka pahuMcA dI, aura use mahAbhArata banA diyaa| isa sandarbha meM eka AkhyAyikA yaha batalAyI jAtI hai ki naimiSyAraNya meM ekatrita zaunaka Adi RSiyoM ne eka pradIrgha satra meM inheM AmaMtrita kara bhArata-kathA sunAne kA nivedana kiyaa| unhoMne apane aneka AkhyAnoM aura upAkhyAnoM dvArA mUla bhArata-kathA ko bRhat svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| skanda - I. 7 vIM shtii| skaMdamahezvara tathA skaMdasvAmI ke nAmoM se prasiddha / saba se prAcIna Rgbhaassykaar| pitA- bhrvdhruv| sAyaNa, devarAja aura AtmAnanda, AcArya skandasvAmI ko apane-apane bhASya meM uddhRta karate haiN| skandasvAmI, nArAyaNa aura udgItha ina tIna AcAryoM ne milakara RgbhASya kI racanA kI thii| skanda-bhASya pahale bhAga para, nArAyaNa-bhASya madhya bhAga para aura udgItha-bhASya antima bhAga para hai| skandasvAmI ke guru harisvAmI the| unhoMne zatapatha-bhASya kI racanA kI thii| skandasvAmI kA RgbhASya yAjJika-matAnusArI hai| isake pratyeka sUkta ke bhASya ke prAraMbha meM prAcIna anukramaNiyoM ke RSi aura devatA ke bodha karAne vAle zlokArdha vA zlokoM ke caraNa pAye jAte haiN| zAyada yaha anukramaNiyAM zaunaka-praNIta hoNgii| skanda, vedArtha ke bodha meM chandojJAna ko upayukta mAnate haiN| isa bhASya kI yaha vizeSatA mAnanI caahiye| nighaNTu, nirukta, bRhaddevatA zaunakokta vacanoM aura brAhmaNa-graMthoM ke pramANoM se yaha bhASya subhUSita hai| sAyaNa kA RgvedabhASya bahuta sthaloM meM isa bhASya kI chAyAmAtra hai| prastuta bhASyagraMtha, abhI taka khaNDa rUpa meM upalabdha huA hai| nirukta-TIkAkAra mahezvara, skanda-svAmI se saMbaMdhita hoNge| isI kAraNa 'skanda-mahezvara' nAma se unakA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| skaMdasvAmI kA RgbhASya atyaMta vizada hai, tathA vaidika sAhitya meM usakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai kintu yaha bhASya adhUrA arthAt cauthe aSTaka taka hI upalabdha ho sakA hai| bhASya ke anta meM skaMdasvAmI ne Atmaparicaya diyA hai| usake anusAra ye gujarAta kI rAjadhAnI valabhI ke nivAsI evaM harSa tathA bANabhaTTa ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne yAska ke nirukta para bhI TIkA likhI hai| skandamahezvara kRta nirukta-TIkA meM, aneka prAcIna vyAkhyAkAra 'anye', 'apare', 'eke', 'kecit' ityAdi rUpa se ullikhita haiN| vaiyAkaraNa Apizali, smRtikAra manu, eka aprasiddha padakAra, nighaNTukAra zAkapUNi, devatAkAra, cUrNikAra, gItA, anukramaNI, bRhadevatA, vAkyapadIyakAra, bhartRhari ke kucha vacana Adi kaI graMthoM aura graMthakAroM kA ullekha yahAM milatA haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki skanda mahezvara kI TIkA meM kitanI prAcIna sAmagrI bharI huI hai| AcArya skandamahezvara ne apanI nirukta-TIkA meM RgbhASya se bahuta sahAyatA lI hai| phira bhI udgIya-bhASya kA mata skandamahezvara ko kucha sthaloM para anabhimata-sA lagatA hai| yaha dekhane yogya hai ki udgItha AcArya skandasvAmI ke sahakArI hone ke kAraNa aura skandasvAmI ke pUjanIya hone ke kAraNa, udgItha-mata ke viSaya meM apanI asvIkRti kA pratipAdana karate samaya, skandamahezvara baDI sAvadhAnI se zabdayojanA karate haiN| pUrvagraMthoM ke gaveSaNAkAroM ke liye skandamahezvara kI TIkA eka mahattvapUrNa kSetra hai| sthavira buddhapAlita - I. 5 vIM shtii| bauddha mahAyAna-paMtha ke aacaary| inhoMne nAgArjuna ke 'mAdhyamikakArikA' graMtha para TIkA likhI hai kintu yaha anupalabdha hai| usakA tibbatI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 489 For Private and Personal Use Only

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anuvAda prApya hai| I sthaulASThIvi caudaha nitakAroM meM ekadama vAskapraNIta nirukta meM sthaulASTIvi kA do bAra ullekha AtA hai| sphuliMga - I. 16 vIM zatI / pitA lakSmaNa / prasiddha kavi kumAraDiNDima ke jAmAta / mallikArjuna nAma se bhI vikhyAta / 'satyabhAmApariNaya' nAmaka pAMca aMkoM ke nATaka ke praNetA / svasti Atreya - Rgveda ke pAMcaveM maNDala ke 50 tathA 51ina do sUktoM ke draSTA / ye sUkta vizvedeva kI stuti meM likhe gaye haiN| 51 veM sUkta meM svasti kA aneka bAra tathA isI sUkta kI 8, 9 va 10 vIM RcA meM atri kA ullekha AyA hai| isa AdhAra para inakA nAma svasti Atreya rahA hogA, aisA anumAna hai| inakI eka RcA isa prakAra hai| svasti panthAmanucarema sUryAcandramasAviva punardadatA natA jAnatA saMgamemahi / artha - vizvadeva kI kRpA se merA pravAsa sUrya caMdra kI taraha sukhadAyI bne| hameM sadA jJAnavAna, dAnavIra aura dayAlu vyakti milate rheN| - svAmI nArAyaNa (sahajAnaMda svAmI) vaiSNava dharma ke aMtargata 'zrI svAmI nArAyaNa paMtha ke pravartaka ayodhyA ke pAsa chapiyA nAmaka grAma ke sarayUpArINa brAhmaNa kula meM, vi.saM. 1837 (1781 I.) kI caitra zukla navamI ko janma / pitAdharmadeva, mAtA- bhktidevii| saM. 1849 meM arthAt 12 varSa kI Ayu hote hI mAtA-pitA kA dehAMta / tabhI gRha tyAga kara niraMtara 7 varSo taka bhArata ke tIrtha kSetroM kA bhramaNa bAlyakAla kA nAma ghanazyAma thA kiMtu tIrtha yAtrA meM 'nIlakaMTha varNI' nAma dhAraNa kara, saM. 1856 (= 1800 I.) meM Apa lojapura pahuMce, jahAM zrI rAmAnuja svAmI dvArA dIkSita zrI rAmAnaMda svAmI kA Azrama thaa| svAmIjI ke prati Apa itane AkRSTa hue ki eka varSa kI avadhi meM hI saM. 1857 ( = 1801 I.) kI kArtika zulka ekAdazI ko 'pIpalANA' nAmaka sthAna meM Apane unase bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| aba ApakA nAma huA nArAyaNa muni, aura rAmAnaMdajI ke ziSyoM meM Apa hI agragaNya mAne jAne lge| eka varSa pazcAt apanA aMtakAla samIpa jAnakara, rAmAnaMdajI ne vi.saM. 1858 (1802 I.) kI devotthAna ekAdazI ko jetapura kI apanI dharmadhurINa nahI para inheM abhiSikta kiyaa| isake pazcAt Apane viziSTAdvaitI zrI svAmI nArAyaNa saMpradAya kI sthApanA kii| phira 28 varSo taka apane saMpradAya kA pracAra prasAra kara vi.saM. 1886 (1830 I.) kI jyeSTha zukla ekAdazI ko lagabhaga 50 varSa kI Ayu honepara Apane apanI ihalIlA samApta kI / isa saMpradAya meM Apake aneka nAma pracalita haiM yathA sarayUdAsa, sahajAnaMda svAmI, zrIjI mahArAja, zrI svAmI nArAyaNa aadi| svAmI sahajAnaMda dvArA dalita vanavAsI samAja ke uddhAra kA kArya 490 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa bahuta baDe pramANa meM huaa| Apane zikSApatrI nAmaka graMtha kA praNayana kiyA jisameM janakalyANArtha dharma tathA zAstroM ke siddhAntoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| vyAvahArika upadezoM ke sAtha dArzanika vicAroM kA bhI isameM samAveza hai| isI prakAra Apake upadezoM kA saMgraha 'vacanAmRta' ke nAma se prakhyAta hai jisameM sAMkhya, yoga tathA vedAMta kA samanvaya hai / inake kucha upadeza nimAMkita hai Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - manuSya ko cAhiye ki vaha gyAraha prakAra ke doSoM kA sarvathA tyAga kre| ye doSa haiM- hiMsA, mAMsa, madirA, AtmaghAta, vidhavA sparza, kisI para kalaMka lagAnA, vyabhicAra, deva niMdA, bhagavad-vimukha vyakti se zrIkRSNa kI kathA sunanA, corI aura jinakA anna-jala varjita hai unakA anna jala grahaNa karanA / ina doSoM kA tyAga kara bhagavAna kI zaraNa meM jAne para bhagavat - prApti hotI hai| paramAtmA ke mAhAtmya-jJAna dvArA unameM jo AtyaMtika sneha hotA hai, usI ko bhakti kahate haiM / bhagavAn se rahita anyAnya padArthoM meM prIti kA jo abhAva hotA hai, usI kA nAma vairAgya hai / For Private and Personal Use Only zrIsvAmI nArAyaNa dvArA pravartita paMtha, Izvara aura paramezvara meM pArthavya mAnatA hai| zrI svAmI nArAyaNa saMpradAya, zrI rAmAnujAcArya ke viziSTAdvaitavAda ke siddhAMta ko bahuzaH mAnatA hai tathA pAMcarAtra ke tattvoM kA bhI pakSapAtI hai| vaiSNava-dharma ke isa saMpradAya kA prasAra vigata kucha varSo se gujarAta meM vipula hai| Aja kala videzoM meM bhI isa saMpradAya ke anuyAyI logoM kI saMdhyA kAphI adhika hai| sthiramati - I. 4 thI zatI / bauddhAcArya / vasubandhu ke pramukha ziSya / apane guru ke graMthoM para aneka TIkAeM racakara usakA gUDhArtha spaSTa kiyA aura guru ke premabhAjana bne| inakI racanAeM cInI anuvAda ke rUpa meM hI upalabdha haiN| racanAeM- kAzyapaparivartaTIkA, sUtrAlaMkAravRti bhASya, triMzikA - bhASya, paMcaskandha- prakaraNa bhASya, abhidharmakozabhASyavRtti, mUla mAdhyamikakArikAvRtti aura madhyAntavibhAgasUtrabhASyaTIkA / sthiramati mUlataH saurASTra ke the| adhyayana hetu ve nAlaMdAvidyApITha gaye aura Age calakara vahAM ke AcArya bane / haMsarAja agaravAla ludhiyAnA meM saMskRta prAdhyApaka / racanA(1) saMskRta nibaMdha pradIpaH (5 pradIpa vibhAga ) / vibhinna viSayoM para chAtropayukta nibaMdha, anya racanA (2) saMskRta - sAhityetihAsaH / hajArIlAla zarmA - I. 20 vIM shtii| hariyANA meM piNDArA, jinda ke lajjArAma saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya ke prAcArya / 'vidyAlaMkAra' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita / kRtiyAM saguNabrahmastuti, saMskRta mahAkavidivyopAkhyAna, kAdambarI- zataka, maharSi dayAnandaprazasti, zivapratApavirudAvalI, carpaTapaMjarI Adi kAvya tathA hakIkatarAya nAmaka ekAMkI rUpaka /

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haNamaMte, raghunAthapaMta - svarAjya saMsthApanA ke pazcAt zivAjI isake atirikta inake nAma para zRMgArakalikA aura mahArAja ne prAdezika marAThI bhASA kI, jisakA svarUpa yAvanI 'subhASita-hArAvalI' nAmaka eka saMkalana bhI prApta hotA hai| zabdoM ke mizraNa se vikRta ho gayA thA, zuddhi kI AkAMkSA haricaMdra * (1) I 11 vIM zatI ke jaina kvi| pitA-Adideva / kii| etadartha rAjya-kArya meM vyavahRta bhASA saMskRtaniSTha tathA mAtA- rathyA / jAti-kAyastha / upanAma- candra / inhoMne dharmazarmAbhyudaya zuddha karane ke hetu inheM niyukta kiyA tathA inase koza-nirmiti nAmaka 21 sargo vAle eka mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| isameM krvaaii| isa 'rAjya-vyavahAra- koza' nAmaka racanA meM urdU-phArasI inhoMne jainiyoM ke paMdrahaveM tIrthakara dharmanAtha kA caritra citraNa meM vyavahRta zabdoM ke saMskRta samAnArthI zabda haiN| isa prayAsa kiyA hai| DA. hIrAlAla jaina ke matAnusAra yaha kAvya mAgha meM paM. raghunAtha zAstrI kA saMbhavataH upahAsa huA thaa| unhoMne ke zizupAla-vadha nAmaka mahAkAvya kA anukaraNa hai, jaba ki upahAsa karane vAle logoM ko madhurakadalI phala kA svAda na DA. candrikAprasAda zukla ke matAnusAra zrI harSa ke naiSadhIyacarita samajhane vAle kramelaka (UMTa) kI upamA dI hai| para ukta mahAkAvya kA kAphI prabhAva hai| inakI dUsarI racanA hammIra - saMbhavataH mevADanareza kumbhakarNa ke pUrvaja / kRti-zAGgadeva hai- jIvaMdharacaMpU / bANabhaTTa, rAjazekhara prabhRti dvArA ullikhita / ke saMgIta-ratnAkara para saMgIta- zRMgArahAra nAmaka ttiikaa| mRtyu (2) carakanyAsa nAmaka TIkA graMtha ke lekhk| I. 4 thI I. 1394 meN| shtii| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra ye sAhasAMka rAjA yAne candragupta haradatta mizra - "padamaMjarI" nAmaka kAzikA kI prauDhI aura dvitIya ke vaidya the| ye vizvaprakAza-koza ke racayitA mahezvara pANDityapUrNa vyAkhyA ke lekhk| mizrajI vyAkaraNa ke atirikta / ke pUrvaja the| aneka TIkAkAroM ne inake carakanyAsa kA AdhAra kalpasUtra (zrauta, gRhya tathA dharma) ke bhI vyAkhyAkAra haiN| liyA hai| inhoMne paM. jagannAtha sadRza Atma-prazaMsA kI hai| pitA padmakumAra haricaraNa bhaTTAcArya - janma I. 1879 meM vikramapura meN| (rudrkumaar)| maataa-shrii| jyeSTha bhrAtA- azvinakumAra / kalakattA ke meTropoliTana kAleja meM praadhyaapk| kRtiyaaNguru-apraajit| shaivmtaanuyaayii| drvidddeshvaasii| samaya- 12 karNadhAra tathA rUpanirjhara kAvya, umara khayyAma kI rUbAIyoM kA vIM shtii| anya racanAeM- mahApadamaMjarI (yaha kisa graMtha kI saMskRta bhAvAnuvAda aura baMkimacandra caTTopAdhyAya ke TIkA hai yaha ajJAta) paribhASAmaMjarI (aprApta), AzvalAyana- 'kapAlakuNDalA' (upanyAsa) kA saMskRta-anuvAda / gRhyavyAkhyA- anAkulA, gautama-dharmasUtra-vyAkhyA mitAkSarA, harijIvana mizra - Amera ke rAjA rAmasiMha (1667-1675 Apastamba-gRhya vyAkhyA anAkulA, Apastamba- dharmasatra- vyaakhyaa| I.) kA samAzraya prApta / pitA- lAla mishr| pitAmaha- vaidyanAtha ujjvalA, Apastamba-gRhyamantra vyAkhyA. Apastamba paribhASAvyAkhyA, mishr| kRtiyAM- vijayapArijAta (nATaka) tathA 6 prahasana = ekAgnikANDa-vyAkhyA, shrutisuuktimaalaa| sAyaNa aura devarAja adbhutataraMga, prAsaMgika, palANDumaNDana, vibudhamohana, sahRdayAnanda apane vedabhASya meM haradatta kA ullekha karate haiN| aura dhRtkulyaavlii| haradatta - pitA- jyshNkr| racanA- raaghv-naissdhiiym| do sargo haridatta zAstrI (DA) - I. 20 vIM shtii| 'pratyAziparIkSaNa' vAle isa zliSTa kAvya para inhoMne TIkA bhI likhI hai| nAmaka prahasana ke prnnetaa| haradeva upAdhyAya - I. 20 vIM shtii| 'bhAratamasti bhAratam' haridAsa - pitA- puruSottama / I. 17 vIM shtii| racanA- saMkalana nAmaka nATaka ke rcyitaa| prstaavrtnaakr| harapati - I. 15 vIM shtii| ye mahAkavi vidyApati ke dvitIya haridAsa - zAntipura (nadiyA, baMgAla) ke nivaasii| 'kokiladUta' putra the| bihAra ke darabhaMgA jile ke bisaphI nAmaka grAma ke ke prnnetaa| nivaasii| kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra prasiddha kavayitrI candrakalA haridAsa nyAyAlaMkAra bhaTTAcArya - I. 16-17 vIM zatI / inakI patnI thii| inhoMne jyotiSazAstra para vyavahArapradIpikA tathA vAsudeva sArvabhauma ke ziSya / racanAeM- nyAya-kusumAMjalikArikAdaivajJa-bAMdhava nAmaka do graMtha likhe haiN| vyAkhyA, tattvacintAmaNi- prakAza aura bhASyAloka TippaNI / hararAta - kUSmANDa-pradIpikA nAmaka TIkA-graMtha ke rcyitaa| haridAsa siddhAntavAgIza (padmabhUSaNa) - janma anaziyA yaha TIkA- graMtha uvaTAdi vedabhASyakAroM para AdhArita hai, aisA grAma (jilA pharIdapura) meM, san 1876 meN| mRtyu dinAMka graMthakAra kA nivedana hai| graMtha truTita rUpa meM upalabdha hai| 25-12-1961 ko| madhusUdana sarasvatI ke vNshj| paMdraha varSa haralAla gupta - I. 19-20 vIM zatI / kRti- Ayurveda- cndrikaa| kI avasthA se lekhana prAraMbha / nakipura nareza ke Tola meM hari kavi - samaya- I. 17 vIM shtii| racanA- 'shmbhuraaj-critm'| praadhyaapk| kAzI ke bhArata dharma mahAmaNDala se 'mahopadezaka', sUrata-nivAsI mahArASTrIya pnnddit| saMbhAjI (rAjA) ke mantrI bhArata zAsana dvArA 'mahAmahopAdhyAya' tathA nikhila bhArata paNDita kavi kalaza ke Adeza para prastuta caritra-kAvya kI rcnaa| mahAmaNDala dvArA 'mahAkavi' kI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita / ravIndra saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 491 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zata vArSikotsava meM ravIndra puraskAra praapt| svataMtra bhArata ke pdmbhuussnn| san 1962 meM rASTrapati kI ora se mAnapatra / kula 12 upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita mAtA-vimukhI, pitA gaMgAdhara vidyAlaMkAra / pitAmaha- kAzIcandra vAcaspati / guru jIvAnandavidyAsAgara | kRtiyAM kaMsavadha jAnakI- vikrama, mivArapratApa, virAja- sarojinI, zivAjI carita tathA vaMgIya pratApa ye nATaka / rukmiNIharaNa (mahAkAvya), vidyAvitta-vivAda, zaMkara-sambhava tathA viyogavaibhava ye tIna khaNDakAvya, saralA (gadya), smRti cintAmaNi, kAvyakaumudI aura sAhityadarpaNa kI vRtti / vaidika-vAdamImAMsA (aitihAsika), Adiparva se vanaparva taka mahAbhArata kI TIkA / dazakumAracarita evaM kAdambarI kI vyAkhyAeM mucchakaTika, zAkuntala, uttararAmacarita kI TIkA baMgalA pustakeM- yudhiSThira samaya tathA vidhavAra anuklp| haripAla deva somanAtha ke pote / devagiri ke yAdava vaMza ke rAjA ho sakate haiM- (I.sa. 1312 se 1318) mubAraka dvArA 1318 I. meM hatyA / cAlukyavaMzIya anahilavADa nareza haripAla (I.sa. 1145-1155) ye nahIM ho skte| racanAsaMgIta- sudhaakr| haribhadrasUri - I. 5 vIM zatI citrakUTa nagara meM haribhadra nAma brAhmaNa rahate the| ve rAjA jitAri ke purohita the| hAtha meM jaMbU vRkSa kI eka zAkhA liye, ve kamara meM svarNa-paTTa bAMdhe rhte| vaha jaMbUdvIpa meM sarvazreSTha vidvAna hone kA pratIka thA vaha / unhoMne yAkinI nAmaka jaina sAdhvI se prabhAvita hokara jaina sampradAya kI dIkSA lii| inake bAre meM kahA jAtA hai, ki inhoMne 1400 prabandha likhe / (2) I. 8 vIM zatI meM zvetAmbara jainiyoM ke AcArya jinhoMne lagabhaga 76 graMthoM kI racanA kii| inameM se kucha nAma isa prakAra hai- anekAntavAda praveza anekAntajayapatAkA, lalitavistara SaDdarzanasamuccaya, dhUrtAkhyAna, naMdisUtravatti, yogabindu aadi| hariyajvA I. aThArahavIM zatI / pitA lakSmInRsiMha / 'viveka mihira' nAmaka nATaka ke racayitA / hariyogI nAmAntara- prolanAcArya athavA shaivlaacaary| I. 12 vIM zatI / graMtha pANinIya-dhAtupATha para zAbdikAbharaNa nAmaka vyAkhyA aura dhAtupratyaya- paMjikA / harirAma tarkavAgIza I. 17 vIM zatI kRtiyAM tattvacintAmaNi TIkA vicAra, AcArya mata rahasya- vicAra ratnakoSa-vicAra aura svaprakAzarahasyavicAra | harivallabha zarmA (kavimalla) janma 1848 I. meM / 'kavimalla' va 'mallabhaTTa kI upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta harivallabha zarmA kA janma jayapura ke rAjavaidya - parivAra meM huA thaa| inake pitA jIvanarAma zarmA mahArAja rAmasiMha dvitIya (1835-1880 492 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa - yA 3. I.) ke Azrita the| kavimalla kI prasiddha racanAeM 1. jayanagarapaMcaraMga (aitihAsika khaNDakAvya), 2. zlokabaddha - dazakumAracarita dazakumAra-dazA, lalanAlocalollAsa (kAvya), 4. kAntAvakSojazatoktayaH (kAvya), 5. zRMgAralaharI, 6. muktakasUktAni ityAdi. harizAstrI dAdhIca (paM) janma 1893 I. meM Azukavi dAdhIca kA janma jayapura meM huA thaa| inake pitA dAmodara dAdhIca the| Apa tantrazAstra ke parama vidvAna the| Apako jIvana meM sAhityAcArya, Azukavi, sAhityasudhAnidhi, kavi cakravartI, kAvyaratnAkara kavibhUSaNa Adi anekoM upAdhiyoM se sammAnita kiyA gayA thaa| ApakI prakAzita racanAeM haiM1. alaMkArakautuka, 2. alaMkAralIlA, 3. lalitAsahasa kAvya, 4. zaktigItAMjali 5. siddhistava, 6. premasudhA, 7. dadhimathI, 8. puSpitAmA 9. lakSmInakSatramAlA 10. rAmamAnasapUjana 11. vANIlaharI, 12. udaraprazasti aura 13. shivrtnaavlii| aprakAzita kRtiyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- 1. saMjIvanI - sAmrAjya, 2. sAmrAjyasiddhikAvya, 3. varNabIjAbhidhAna, 4. anyoktivinoda, 5. anyoktimuktAvali, 6. ambikAsUkta Adi / harizcaMdra- I. 19 vIM shtii| jayapura ke rAjA rAmasiMga ke AdezAnusAra Apane 'vargasaMgraha' nAmaka graMtha kA lekhana kiyA / hariSeNa hariSeNa nAma ke aneka AcArya hue 1. samudragupta ke rAjakavi, 2. apabhraMza graMtha dharmaparIkSA ke racayitA (I. 11 vIM zatI), 3. muktAvalI ke racayitA (I. 13 vIM zatI), 4. jagatsundarI yogamalAdhikAra ke racayitA, 5. yazodharacarita meM ullikhita 6. aSTAr3ikI kathA ke racayitA aura 7. bRhatkathAkoza ke racayitA jo jainI putrATasaMgha ke AcArya the gurjara pratihAra vaMzI rAjA vinAyaka pAla ke rAjyakAla meM vardhamAnapura meM koza kI racanA huii| (racanAkAla - I. 931 I.) / bRhat- kathAkoza meM 157 kathAeM aura 12500 zloka haiN| Ayurveda, jyotiSa, darzana Adi viSayoM kA varNana isa koza meM hai| Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir * harisvAmI zatapatha brAhmaNa ke bhASyakAra / samaya- I. 10 vIM zatI se pUrva karkAcArya apane kAtyAyana zrautasUtra bhASya meM harisvAmI ko uddhRta karate haiN| ubaTAcArya, karkAcArya aura bhojarAja kA nirdeza karate haiN| harisvAmI ne vikramArka avantinAtha kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina sabhI pramANoM se harisvAmI kA samaya dazama zatAbdI se pUrva kA ho sakatA hai| saMbhavataH kAtyAyana autasUtra aura yajurveda para bhI inakI bhASya-racanA hai| sagbhASyakAra skaMdasvAmI inake guru the / For Private and Personal Use Only harihara trivedI (DA.) I. 20 vIM zatI madhyabhArata ke nivAsI / prayAga vi.vi. se ema.e., DI. liTa. / madhyabhArata kI rAjakIya sevA meM ucca padoM pr| madhyapradeza ke purAtattva vibhAga ke upasaMcAlaka pada se nivRtta hokara iMdaura meM nivAsa / kRtiyAMnAgarAja - vijaya, gaNAbhyudaya Adi / -

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hariharopAdhyAya - I. 17 vIM shtii| mithilaa-nivaasii| mAtA- ke AdhAra para DA. levI ko anuvAda upalabdha hai| inhoMne 3 lkssmii| pitA- raaghv| kRtiyAM- prabhAvatI- pariNaya (nATaka) nATaka bhI likhe haiM- ratnAvalI, priyadarzikA aura naagaanNd| aura harihara- subhASita athavA suukti-muktaavlii| harSavardhana ke ratnAvalI nAmaka nATaka para kAlidAsa ke nATaka haryAcArya - zrIjAnakI-gIta kAvya ke rcyitaa| gAlavAzrama mAlavikAgnimitra kA prabhAva dikhatA hai| citroM kA rekhAMkana (galatA-gaddI) ke piitthaadhiishvr| rAmabhakti zAkhA meM haryAcArya suvyavasthita hai| unake nAgAnaMda nAmaka nATaka para bauddhadharma kI / ke zrIjAnakI-gIta ko mAnyatA prApta hai| gaharI chApa aMkita hai| harSakIrti - I. 17 vIM zatI meM Apa nAgapurIya tapAgaccha hasUrakara zrIpAda zAstrI - indaura ke saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM zAkhA ke adhyakSa the| guru- candrakIrti / inhoMne amarakoza ke prdhaanaacaary| sikkhaguru- caritAmRta nAmaka prabaMdha meM nAnaka, AdhAra para 'zAradIyAkhyAna-mAlA' nAmaka zabdakoza kI racanA aMgada, amaradAsa, rAmadAsa, arjunasiMha, haragovinda, hararAya, kI hai| isa koza ke 5 sarga haiN| zloka 465 hai, jo sabhI harakisana, tejabahAdura tathA guru goviMdasiMha ina 10 sikkha anuSTup chanda meM haiN| ukta koza ke atirikta inhoMne bRhacchAntistotra, guruoM kA caritra utkRSTa gadya meM varNana kiyA hai| anya racanAeM - kalyANamandira-stotra, sArasvata- dIpikA, dhAtupAThataraMgiNi, (1) chatrapati zivAjI-mahArAja caritam, (2) yogaciMtAmaNi, vaidyakasAroddhAra aura jyotiHsAroddhAra nAmaka graMthoM mahArANA pratApasiMha-caritam, (3) zrImadvallabhAcArya-caritam, kA praNayana kiyA hai| (4) zrIrAmadAsa-svAmi-caritam, (5) pRthvIrAja cauhaan-critm| halAyudha- (1) I. 8 vIM shtii| ye rAjA kRSNa (prathama) ye graMtha "bhArata nararatnamAlA" ke puSpa hai| inake atirikta 1 rASTrakula kI sabhA meM the| inhoMne amarakoza ke AdhAra para kAvya amudrita hai| (6) mokSamandirasya dvAdazadarzana-sopAnAvali 'abhidhAna- ratnamAlA' nAmaka zabdakoza likhA hai jo nAmaka gadya prabaMdha sarvadarzana-saMgraha kI yogyatA kA graMtha yaha hai| 'halAyudha-koza' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| inhoMne kavirahasya va mRtasaMjIvanI nAmaka graMtha bhI likhe haiN| hastAmalaka - I. 7 vIM shtii| pitA-prabhAkara mizra / zAkhA-AzvalAyana / saMbhavataH RgbhASya ke rcyitaa| bhASya-graMtha (2) I. 12 vIM shtii| pitA- dhnNjy| ye lakSmaNa sena anupalabdha hai| hastAmalaka Adya zaMkarAcArya ke cAra pramukha nAmaka rAjA kI sabhA meM the tathA inheM bAlyAvasthA meM hI ziSyoM meM se eka the| zvetachatra dhAraNa karane kA adhikAra prApta thaa| inhoMne sAyaNAcArya ke pUrva zukla yajurveda kI kANva saMhitA para brAhmaNasarvasva hariNacandra cakravartI - I. 19 vIM shtii| klkttaa-nivaasii| nAmaka bhASya likhaa| mImAMsA-sarvasva, vaiSNava-sarvasva aura prakhyAta vaidya / Apane "suzruta saMhitA" para vyAkhyA likhI hai| paMDita-sarvasva nAmaka graMtha bhI inhoMne likhe haiN| hArIta - dharmazAstra ke eka suutrkaar| ye I.sa. 400 se 700 (3) I. 12 vIM shtii| saMkarSaNa ke putr| inhoMne kAtyAyana ke bIca hue hoMge kyoM ki bodhAyana, ApastaMba va vasiSTha ne ke zrAddhakalpasUtra para 'prakAza' nAmaka bhASya likhA hai| inake dharmasUtroM ke uddharaNa diye haiN| hArIta kA dharmasUtra, anya dharmasUtra se vizAla graMtha hai kyoM ki isameM unhoMne veda, vedAMga, hastimalla - samaya- I. 13 vIM shtii| digambara paMthI jaina dharmazAstra, adhyAtma-vidyA aura jJAna kI anya zAkhAoM kA graMthakAra / vatsya gotrIya brAhmaNa / janmasthAna- dIpanaguDi (tNjaur)| vicAra kiyA hai| isameM vivAha ke ATha prakAra batAye haiM, mUlanAma- mllissenn| pitA- godibhtttt| inake nAma ko lekara naTa-vyavasAya niMdya mAnA hai aura brahmavAdinI kanyAoM ko eka AkhyAyikA yaha batAyI jAtI hai ki ye hastividyA meM upanayana saMskAra kA adhikAra diyA hai| sampatti viSayaka pAraMgata the tathA inhoMne eka madonmatta hAthI ko zAMta kiyA adhikAroM kI bhI isameM carcA hai| nyAyAlayIna jAMca ko thaa| inake parAkrama se inheM pAMDya rAjA kI sabhA meM sammAnajanaka dharmazAstra aura arthazAstra ke niyamoM para AdhArita batAyA gayA hai| Azraya milaa| taba se loga inheM hastimalla kahane lge| inhoMne ATha nATaka likhe jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM hiraNyagarbha prAjApatya - Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala meM 120 vikrAnta-gaurava, maithilI-kalyANa, aMjanApavanaMjaya, subhadrA, veM sUkta ke draSTA / sRSTi kI utpatti saMbaMdhI yaha sUkta, prajApatiudayanarAja, bharatarAja, arjunarAja va megheshvr| inameM se prathama sUkta nAma se vikhyAta hai| cAra nATaka prakAzita avasthA meM upalabdha haiN| inakI eka aura hiraNyastUpa - Rgveda ke 10 veM maMDala meM 149 veM sUkta ke racanA hai- Adi puraann| drssttaa| isameM sRSTi kI utpatti kI upapatti batAyI gayI hai| harSavardhana - kannauja ke suprasiddha prAcIna samrATa (601 se 647 hitaharivaMzajI - rAdhAvallabhIya saMpradAya ke pravartaka mahAtmA / ii.)| cInI yAtrI hyuena sAMga ke prabhAva se bauddha-mata sviikRt| sAMpradAyika matAnusAra zrI muralI ke avtaar| pitA kA nAma sAtha hI prabala smrthk| jIvana ke anta meM 'suprabhAta - kezavadAsa mishr| mAtA kA taaraavtii| gauDa braahmnn| upanAma stotra' tathA 'mahAzrIcaityastotra' kA racanA kii| tibbatI pratilekhoM ___vyaasjii| inake janma-sthAna tathA AvirbhAvakAla ke viSaya meM saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 493 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vidvAnoM kA abhI taka ekamata nhiiN| inake pitA sahAranapura jile ke devabaMda nAmaka grAma ke nivAsI avazya the, kintu bAdazAha ke sAtha daure meM sapatnIka ghUmate hue inakA janma "bAda" nAmaka grAma meM huaa| yaha sthAna mathurA se 4 kosa kI dUrI para hai| ___ inake saMpradAyI uttamadAsa nAmaka bhakta dvArA nirmita "hita-caritra" graMtha ke anusAra inakA janma saMvat 1559 (1503 I.) meM huA thaa| sAMpradAyika graMthoM ke anusAra inheM alpAyu meM hI zrIrAdhikAjI se svapna meM guru-dIkSA prApta huI thii| devabaMda meM inake ghara ke pAsa eka kuAM thaa| usa kueM se inhoMne zrIraMgalAlajI kI mUrti nikAlI tathA maMdira banAkara usa mUrti kI pUjA-arcA meM lIna rahane lge| phira rAdhikAjI kI AjJA se ye vaMdAvana ke liye cala pdde| mArga meM ciDacAvala nAmaka grAma ke nivAsI Atmadeva nAmaka brAhmaNa ne apanI do kanyAeM tathA zrIkRSNa kI eka suMdara mUrti inheM arpita kii| yaha rAdhAvallabhajI kA vigraha thA, jise Apane vRMdAvana meM maMdira banavAkara sthApita kiyaa| caitanyamatAnuyAyI zrI bhagavatmudita ke graMtha rasika ananyamAla ke anusAra isa maMdira kA prathama paTa-mahotsava 1519 vikramI meM huA thaa| ye rAdhA-kRSNa kI yugala mUrti ke upAsaka the tathA yugala upAsanA kA upadeza inake siddhAnta kA sAra aMza thaa| kRSNa kI apekSA rAdhA kI pUjA tathA bhakti ko inhoMne adhika mahattvapUrNa evaM zIghra phaladAyI nirUpita kiyaa| ___ inake do graMtha pradhAna haiM- rAdhA-sudhAnidhi (saMskRta meM) aura hita-caurAsI (braja bhASA meM) inake atirikta AzAstava, catuHzlokI, zrIyamunASTaka tathA rAdhAtaMtra nAmaka graMtha bhI inake nAma se prasiddha haiN| inake graMthoM meM adhyAtma-pakSa kA vivaraNa kama hai, pratyuta rAdhA-kRSNa kI kuMja-keli tathA vana-vihAra ke / nitAMta lalita evaM zrRMgArika varNana kI hI inake graMthoM meM pracuratA hai| ye aMta taka gRhasthAzramI hI rhe| inake cAra putra aura eka kanyA mAnI jAtI hai| Aja bhI inake vaMzaja devabaMda tathA vRMdAvana donoM sthAnoM meM pAe jAte haiN| inakA dehAnta 50 varSa kI Ayu meM vikramI saMvat 1609 zAradIya pUrNimA ke dina huaa| apane saMpradAya meM ye- "gosvAmI rasikAcArya zrIhita harivaMzacaMdra" ke nAma se saMbodhita kie jAte haiN| hRdayanArAyaNadeva - I. 17 vIM shtii| eka saMgItazAstrakAra / gaDha durga (jabalapura) ke rAjA premazAha ke putra / rAjA premazAha kI mRtyu ke bAda hRdayanArAyaNa ne dillI ke bAdazAha zahAjahAM kA sahArA liyaa| aMtima kAla meM jabalapura ke dakSiNa meM (maMDalA meM) rhe| inhoMne "hRdayakautuka" va "hRdayaprakAza" nAmaka saMgItazAstra-viSayaka do graMtha likhe| prathama graMtha kii| preraNA unheM taraMgiNI se milii| dUsarA graMtha ahobila ke / "saMgIta-pArijAtaka" para AdhArita hai| isameM tatkAlIna 12 svaroM ke sthAna, tAroM kI lambAI ke AdhAra para nizcita kiye gae haiN| hRSIkeza zAstrI bhaTTAcArya - bhaTapallI grAma (kalakattA ke samIpa) meM 1850 I. meM jnm| san 1913 meM mRtyu / oriyaMTala kAleja lAhora meM Apa prAdhyApaka the| unhoMne aneka varSoM taka "vidyodaya" nAmaka saMskRta mAsika patrikA kA kuzalatA se saMpAdana kiyaa| ve aneka bhASAoM ke jJAtA the| aneka aMgrejI pustakoM kA saMskRta meM anuvAda kiyA jinameM "paryaTakatriMzat" aura "hemaleTacaritam" pradhAna haiN| "vidyodaya" meM prakAzita "nAvikasaMgIta", "mAtRstotra", "kamalAstava", "viyogivilApa" Adi unake gItikAvya aura "holyaSTaka", "vijayAdazaka", "devyaSTaka", Adi aSTaka aura dazaka vizeSa lokapriya rahe haiN| saMskRta meM hAsya aura vyaMgazailI kA prayoga bhI pahalI bAra Apane hI saphalatApUrvaka kiyaa| bhASAvicAra, parihAsa, vidUSaka, kAbulayuddha, zikSAprayojana Adi sAmayika viSayoM para unake nibandha aura ekAkSarakoSa ekavarNArthasaMgraha, dvirUpAkSakoza Adi unake dvArA racita koza, unakI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM haiN| unakI bhASA para bANa kI zailI kI pUrI chApa hai| unakA uddezya saMskRta bhAratI ke bhANDAra ko arvAcIna vAGmaya se paripUrNa karanA thaa| isI uddezya kI pUrti kI dizA meM ve sadA prayatnazIla rhe| hemaMtakumAra tarkatIrtha - I. 20 vIM shtii| bNgvaasii| "sarasvatI-pUjana" nAmaka rUpaka ke prnnetaa| hemacandra rAya kavibhUSaNa - janma-san 1882 meM rAmanagara (pAbanA-baMgAla) meN| pitA-yadunaMdana raay| kRtiyAM(kAvya)-satyabhAmA-parigraha, subhadrA-haraNa, haihaya-vijaya, rukmiNIharaNa, parazurAma-carita aura pANDavavijayabhAratI (giiti)| sabhI kRtiyAM prakAzita / Apa eDavarDa mahAvidyAlaya pAbanA meM saMskRta ke prAdhyApaka the| hemacandra sUri (athavA maladhArI hemacandra sUri) - abhayadeva sUri ke ziSya / janma-dhaMdhukA (gujarAta) meN| pitA-cAcadeva / maataa-paahiniidevii| jAti-mauDha mahAjana / janmanAma-caMgadeva / vi.saM. 1150 meM 5 varSa kI avasthA meM hI devacandra sUri dvArA dIkSita / vi.saM. 1166 meM ravaMbhAta zahara meM AcArya-padavI-samAroha / cAlukyavaMzI rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha dvArA sammanita / mahArAja kumArapAla ke rAjaguru, dharmaguru aura saahityguru| vi.saM. 1229 meM svrgvaas| inake tIna ziSya the, vijayasiMha, zrIcaMdra aura vivudhcndr| graMtha- 1) Avazyaka TippaNa-4600 zloka-pramANa, 2) zataka-vivaraNa, 3) anuyogadvAravRtti, 4) upadezamAlA-sUtra, 5) upadezamAlA-vRtti, 6) jIvasamAsavivaraNa, 7) bhavabhAvanAsUtra, 8) bhAvabhAvanAvivaraNa, 9) nandi-TippaNa aura 10) vizeSAvazyaka bhaassy-bRhdvRtti| (ina graMthoM kA parimANa lagabhaga 80000 zloka hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se prAyaH ye svatantra haiM), 11) dravyAzraya mahAkAvya (saMskRta aura prAkRta) 2828 + 1500 shlok| 12) abhidhAnacintAmaNi, 13) anekArthasaMgraha, 14) 494 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - 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dezInAmamAlA, 15) zeSanAmamAlA, 16) kAvyAnuzAsana, 17) chandonuzAsana, 18) yogazAstra adhyAtmopaniSada, 1200 zloka, 19) vItarAgastotra, 20) mahAdevastotra, 21) triSaSTizalAkA-puruSacarita, 22) pariziSTa-parva, 23) pramANa-mImAMsA, 24) anyayoga-vAkyaccheda (isI para malliSeNa sUri kI 3000 zloka pramANa TIkA hai jo syAdvAda-maMjarI ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura 25) arthaaNgvyvcched| Apa kalikAlasarvajJa kI upAdhi se alaMkRta the| hemAdri - I. 13 vIM shtii| eka dhrmshaastrii| inheM hemADapaMta ke nAma se mahArASTra meM jAnA jAtA hai| pitaa-kaamdev| devagiri ke rAjA mahAdeva ke zAsana-kAla meM, inheM maMtricUDAmaNi va karaNadhipa ye do upAdhiyAM milI thiiN| inhoMne "caturvargaciMtAmaNi" nAmaka graMtha likhA jo dharma kI aneka zAkhAoM kA eka jJAnakoza hI haiN| isameM vrata, dAna, tIrtha aura mokSa ye cAra vibhAga hai| parizeSa nAmaka pAMcavAM khaMDa bhI hai| isa pAMcaveM khaNDa meM upAsya devatA, unakI pUjAvidhi, zrAddhavidhi, nityanaimittika karma ke muhUrta, prAyazcitta vidhi tathA pApanAzana ke sAdhanoM kI jAnakArI dI gayI hai| isake atirikta Apane kAlanirNaya, kAlanirNayasaMkSepa, tithinirNaya, kaivalyadIpikA, AyurvedarasAyana, dAnavAkyAvalI, parjanyaprayoga, pratiSThAlakSaNasamuccaya, hemAdrinibaMdha, tristhalavidhi, arthakANDa, harilIlA Adi aneka choTe-bar3e graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| inake vratakhaMDa ko Aja bhI pramANabhUta graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| ye zilpakAra bhI the| inake nAma para "hemADapaMtI" nAmaka eka zilpapaddhati mahArASTra meM cala paDI hai| herlekara, puruSottama sakhArAma - amarAvatI (vidarbha) ke nivAsI uttama vaidy| bhAratIya AyurvidyA zikSaNa samiti ke kAryAdhyakSa the| racanA-zArIraM tattvadarzanam (vAtAdidoSajJAnam) / anuSTupa chndobddh| mUlazloka san 1930 ke pUrva racita / graMtha-prastuti san 1942 meM, vaidya sammelana ke maisUra adhivizana meM suvarNa-padaka tathA prazasti-patraka se smmaanit|| hotA veMkaTarAmazAstrI paMDita - I. 20 vIM shtii| pitA-veMkaTezvara / maataa-subhdraa| amalApurama (jilA-godAvarI) ke kucimaMcivari agrahAra ke nivAsI raambhkt| "paurANikAgresara'kI upAdhi se vibhuussit| "sItAkalyANa" nAmaka nATaka ke racayitA / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 495 For Private and Personal Use Only

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graMthakAra khaMDa kA pariziSTa saMpAdakIya prastuta graMthakAra khaMDa kA saMpAdana karate samaya jina graMthakAroM ke saMbaMdha meM saMkSepataH ullekhanIya kucha viziSTa jAnakArI saMdarbha graMthoM meM prApta huI, unakA nirdeza mUla khaMDa meM yathA sthAna huA hai| paraMtu isa saMpAdana kArya meM aise aneka graMthakAroM ke nAma saMkalita hue, jinake saMbaMdha meM unakI prAyaH eka do (yA kvacit adhika) racanAoM ke atirikta vizeSa jAnakArI prApta nahIM huii| ho sakatA hai ki inake saMbaMdha meM unakI prAdezika bhASAoM meM adhika jAnakArI mile| hamane apane sImita bhASA jJAna ke kAraNa saMdarbha ke lie hiMdI, aMgrejI aura marAThI graMthoM kA hI upayoga kiyA hai| ataH saMskRta vAGmaya viSayaka anya prAdezika bhASAoM ke graMthoM kA lAbha nahIM liyA jA skaa| jina graMthakAroM ke saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra, unakI racanA ke atirikta adhika jAnakArI prApta nahIM huI, unakA nirdeza TAlanA asaMbhava aura ayogya thaa| ataH graMthakAra khaMDa meM ullekhanIya graMthakAroM ke nAmoM kI kevala sUcI ke rUpa meM yaha pariziSTa diyA jA rahA hai| graMthakAra kI racanA ke atirikta kucha adhika jAnakArI bhI prayatnapUrvaka saMkalita kara yathAsthAna joDI gaI hai| ataH aneka graMthakAroM ke sthAna tathA samaya kA nirdeza isa pariziSTa meM sthAna sthAna para milegaa| graMthakAra kI racanA kA svarUpa (kAvya, nATaka, campU, prabandha Adi bhI aneka sthAnoM para upalabdha saMdarbha ke anusAra diyA gayA hai| mUla khaMDa meM ullikhita hone para bhI aneka nAmoM kA pariziSTa meM bhI ullekha huA hai| isakA artha yahI samajhanA cAhie ki nAma eka hote hue bhI vyakti bhinna bhinna haiN| isa pariziSTa meM una nAmoM kA nirdeza hone kA kAraNa una vyaktiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM racanA ke atirikta adhika jAnakArI saMdarbha graMthoM meM nahIM milii| mUla khaMDa ke samAna prastuta pariziSTa meM bhI prAyaH mudrita racanAoM kA hI nirdeza huA hai| isa meM apavAdoM kI bhI saMbhAvanA hai| prastuta pariziSTa meM nirdiSTa hue bahusaMkhya graMthoM ke svarUpa kI kalpanA unake nAmoM se hI A sakatI hai| ataH usakA punarullekha nahIM kiyA hai| zunakadUtam, rukmiNIpariNayacampU, gItagaMgAdharam anyoktizatakam ityAdi prakAra ke nAmoM kA vivaraNa dene kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| pariziSTa meM ullikhita aneka graMthoM kA saMkSepataH paricaya prastuta koza ke graMthakhaMDa meM mila skegaa| prastuta pariziSTa meM eka hI lekhaka ke nAma para aneka racanAoM kA nirdeza kaI sthAnoM para kiyA hai| usa eka hI nAma ke lekhaka hone kI, unakA sthAna aura kAla bhinna bhinna hone kI bhI saMbhAvanA hai| unakI vyaktizaH vizeSa jAnakArI na milane ke kAraNa, eka hI nAma ke Age kramazaH granthoM kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai| jaise kRSNa- isa nAma ke Age 5 racanAoM kA nirdeza hai, paraMtu una pAMca racanAoM ke lekhaka eka se adhika hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| graMtha ke sAtha jahAM varSa kA nirdeza hai, vaha usa graMtha ke lekhana yA prakAzana kA varSa samajhanA caahie| anyatra anupalabdhi ke kAraNa isa prakAra nirdeza nahIM ho ske| bhArata meM vyaktiyoM nAma mAtra se usake pradeza kI kalpanA AtI hai| mahArASTra, baMgAla, kerala, karnATaka, evaM uttara bhArata meM vyakti nAmoM kI apanI apanI nijI vizeSatA hai| jina graMthakAroM ke pradeza kA nirdeza, saMdarbha ke abhAva se nahIM huA, unake nAma kI vizeSatA se unake pradeza kI kalpanA pAThakoM ko A sakatI hai| kucha prAdezika nAmoM ke nirdeza meM nizcita uccAraNa ke jJAnAbhAva ke kAraNa varNadoSa hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| 496 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra graMthakAra aMbikAcaraNa deva akSayakumAra zAstrI aNNaMgarAcArya aNNaMgarAcArya zeSa agarAcArya advaitarAma bhikSu advaindrayati (mahArASTra ahamadanagara ke pAsa vAstavya thA ) ananta (14 vIM zatI) ananta tripAThI (utkala meM brahmapura ke nivAsI) anantarAma anantazarmA anantamUri (19 vIM zatI) anantAcArya' anantAcArya anantAcArya koDaMbakam anantAlvAra (melakoTe grAma ke nivAsI) meM abhaTTa mImAMsaka (vArANasI ke saMgrAmasiMha ke Azrita) ananyadAsa gosvAmI anUpasiMha appana nainAya (vaiSNavadAsa) appayyA dIkSita appalAcArya appA vAjapeyI 32 : : : : : : 10 : : : : : : : svAnubhUtyabhidhA AryAsaptazatI : : : : racanA : : pikadUtam kAmavaibhavam kokilasaMdezam dazakoTi (navakoTi nAmaka graMtha kA khaMDana) vaidikamanoharA nAmaka mAsika patrikA ke saMpAdaka rAghavollAsa dharma naukA kAmasamUha manoramA mAsika patrikA ke saMpAdaka : sadAcArarahasyam (1) bhAgIrathI campU (2) lakSmIzvara campU kRSNarAja yazoDiMDima rAdhAkRSNamAdhurI : kAmaprabodha prakriyAdIpikA saMsAracakra (jagannAthaprasAda kRta hiMdI graMtha kA anuvAda) sammArjanIzatakam 1 AryAzatakam 2 anyApadezazatakam 3 vairAgyazatakam www.kobatirth.org 4 nAmasaMgrahamAlA 1 yadugiribhUSaNacampU 2 saMgItasaMgraha - ciMtAmaNi sunIti-kusumAlA (suprasiddha tiruvalvArakRta tirukkurala nAmaka tamila graMtha kA anuvAda) abhayapAla abhayacaMdrAcArya, abhinava kAlidAsa amRtAnaMda yogI ayyAsvAmI ayyara (athavA ke.esa. vidyAnAtha ) aruNAcalanAthaziSya alasiMga avinAzI svAmI (9 vIM zatI) azoka malla asaMga (17 vIM zatI) Atreya (19 vIM zatI) Atreya zrInivAsa Atreyavarada (19 vIM zatI) AdinArAyaNa AnaMdadhara AnaMdarAma baruA AndAna zrInivAsa ApaTe, vAmana zivarAma ApaTe, vAsudeva goviMda AppAtulasI (19-20 vIM zatI) AphreTa (19 vIM zatI) AsurI anantAcArya (19 vIM zatI) irugapada daMDAdhinAtha ilAtura rAmasvAmI zAstrI illUra rAmasvAmI zAstrI (19 vIM zatI) For Private and Personal Use Only : : : zRMgArakoza bhAga : : : : : : zrIrAmavijaya : vajramukuTavilAsa-campU : zRMgAratilaka-bhANa : : : : : 14 mInAkSIpariNaya-campU mAdhavAnala praikTikala saMskRta DikzanarI sahasrakiraNI (zatadUSaNI kA khaMDana) 1: 1 saMskRtaiMgliza DikzanarI, isakA dvitIyasaMskaraNa sana 1959 meM puNe meM prakAzita huaa| 2 sTuDanTasa iMgliza-saMskRta DikzanarI saMskRta-marAThI koza : nAnArtharatnamAlA prakriyAsaMgraha (vyAkaraNa viSayaka) : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir : alaMkArasaMgraha jArjavaMzam 1911 meM mudrita : nATyAdhyAya vardhamAnacaritam kAkI SoDazikA : TriniTI kaoNleja (keMbrija) ke graMthasaMgraha kI sUcI campUrAmAyaNa (vinodapracura kAvya ) kucazatakam rukmiNIpariNaya nATaka 1 saMgItasudhAkara 2 rAgakalpadrumakura 3 rAgacaMdrikA nAnArtharatnamAlA kSetratattvadIpikA (viSayabhUmiti zAstra) kaivalyAvalIpariNaya saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 497

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indranAtha bandopAdhyAya Izvara dIkSita Izvarasumati IzvaracaMdrazarmA (kalakattAvAsI) (20 vIM zatI) indradattopAdhyAya : gauracaMdra (aitihAsika upanyAsa) : rAmAyaNasArasaMgraha pArvatI pariNayam (8 sarga) rAjarAjezvarasya g2ajasUyazaktiratnAvalI kamalAkara : rAmakautukam (pitA rAmakRSNa) karNa deva : kAmasAraH karNapUra : saMskRtapArasika-prakAza kalpavallI : satyasandhacarita campU kalyANakavi : gItagaMgAdharam pI.ke. kalyANarAmazAstrI : kanakalatA (zeksapIyarakRta lyekresa kAvya kA anuvAda) kavikesarI : harikeli-lIlAvatI : phakkikAprakAza (siddhAntakaumudI kI TIkA) : vyAdhirahasya kI TIkA uttamakara mahAdeva (18 vIM zatI) kavibhaTTa : padyasaMgraha nAmaka subhASitoM kA saMgraha : vikramavijaya nATaka : rAmAbhyudayacampU : rAmacandrodayam : harivilAsa : kavikautUhalam kavirAja sUrya (19 vIM shtii| gotra-kuMDina) kavirAma kavivallabha kavizekhara (pitA-yazodAcaMdra) kAnticandra mukhopAdhyAya kAmarAja (sAmarAja dIkSita kA putra) kAmarAja kavi (10-20 vIM zatI) kAmarAja dIkSita (pitA-vaidyanAtha) kArtikeya kAlidAsa (isa nAma para cAra graMtha) : 1 kAvyenduprakAza 2 zRMgArakAlakA : sItAsvayaMvara kAvya udayavarmA 19 vIM zatI : rasikabhUSaNa-bhANa udayana : mitavRtyartha : udgItha : Rgveda bhASya (valabhI-nivAsI) (alpamAtra.) uddaNDa : kokilasaMdezam (bhaMgasaMdeza kA uttara) upAdhyAya, vhI.vhI. : dhAturUpacaMdrikA upAdhyAya, esa.e. : IzvarasvarUpam umAnanda : yauvanollAsam umApati : 1vattavArtika 2 subhASitaratnAkara umApatidhara : caMdracUDa-caritam umAmahezvara bhaTTa : subhASitaratnAvalI urvIdatta zAstrI : eDavarDavaMzam (1905) (lakhanaU nivAsI) RSIzvara bhaTTa : saMskRta-hiMdI-koza ekanAtha : anyApadezazatakam ekAmaranAtha : vIrabhadra vijayacampU oka, ma.pAM. abhaMgarasavAhinI (mahArASTrIya saMta tukArAma ke katipaya abhaMgoM kA anuvAda) oka, janArdana vinAyaka : gIrvANalaghukoza olDenabarga : graMthasUcI kaMkaNa kavi : mRgAMkazatakam kakkoNa (18 vIM zatI) : kAntimatIpariNayam kalpezvara dIkSita : rAmacandra yazobhUSaNam kaDavAnatayeDavAlAta : santAnagopAla kAvyam keralIya-19 vIM zatI kathAnAtha : prahlAdavijayam kamalalocana : 1 saMgItAmRta 2 saMgItaciMtAmaNi : rasikabodhinI kAlIprasAda kAlIharadAsa basu kAzIcandra kAzInAtha : mugdhabodha TIkA : 1vRttaratnAkara 2 zRMgAratilakam 3 zRMgArasAra 4 zrutabodha : bhaktidUtam : caitanyacaritam : uddhAracandrikA : 1 saMkSipta kAdambarI 2 rAmacaritam : vaidehIpariNaya kAvya kAzInAtha kavi (10-20 vIM zatI) DaoN. kAzIprasAda jAyasvAla aura e. benarjI kAzIlakSmaNa kAzyapa : mithilA ke hastalikhita graMthoM kA cAra khaMDoM meM prakAzana : zahAjIrAjIyam : anyApadezazatakam 498 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kizoravilAsa : gopAlacampU kuMjukUthAna tAmpUrAna : yAdavavijayam (keralavAsI) kundukurI rAmezvara : pArvatIpariNaya-campU kundukakahaTaNa tAmpUrAn : babhruvAhana-campU (krAMganUra-kerala-nivAsI) kurtakoTI (zaMkarAcArya) : samatvagItam (nAsika 'mahArASTra' meM (bhAratIya rASTrIyatA kA nivAsa) pratipAdana) kulacaMdra zarmA zokamahormi kAvya (kAzI nivAsI) mahArAnI vhikToriyA ke nidhana nimitta) kRSNa 1 padmanAthacaritacampU 2 vRttadIpikA 3 subhASitaratnAkara 4 jayatIrtha vijayAbdhi 5 seturAjavijayam 6 satyabodha-tattvajayam kRSNa kavi 1 raghunAtha vijayacampU 2 nandicaritam 3 prajApaticaritam 4 satyabodhavijayam (madhvAcArya kA caritra) kRSNacaMdra tAlaMkAra : candradUtam kRSNadeva dAsa : karNAnanda campU kRSNadeva : prastArapatanam kRpaNanAtha : dharmasindhuH (mahArASTrIya) kRSNanAyara vhI.pI. : madirotsavaH (umarakhayyAma (erNAkulam-nivAsI) kI rubAiyoM kA anuvAda) kRSNa (ayyA) dIkSita : naiSadhapArijAtam (dvayarthI kAvya) kRSNa baeNnarjI : gItAvRttasAraH (sana 1850) kRSNabhaTTa : chandovyAkhyAsAra kRSNammAcArya Ara. : 1 meghasandeza vimarza pitA-paravastu raMgAcArya 2 suzIlA (gadyakathA) (sahadayA patrikA ke 3 pAtivratyam saMpAdaka) 4 pANigrahaNam 5 vararuciH kRSNamizra 1 zrAddhakAzikA (kAtyAyana kRta zrAddhasUtra kI vRtti) 2 kRSNalIlA ke.vhI. kRSNamUrti zAstrI : zunakadUtam kRSNamUrti (puNe nivAsI) : 1 satIvilAsakAvyam 2 matkuNASTam kRSNamizra 1 ratnArNava (siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA) 2 bhAvapradIpa (zandakaustubha kI TIkA) 3 tattvamImAMsA (vijayasAMkhyadarzana) kRSNayyAcArya : rAmacaryAmRtacampU kRSNarAja : vRttaratnAkara kRSNarAma : 1 vRttamuktAvalI 2 chandaHsudhAkara kRSNarAva : saMgItasarvArthasaMgraha kRSNarUpa : camatkAracandrikA (kRSNabhaktiparaka) kRSNazAstrI : 1kRSNavijayacampU 2 bAlarAmarasAyanam kRSNasomayAjI kaNaHluptaH gRhaM dahati (TAlasTAya ke "e spArka nigalekTeDa barnsa dI hAUsa" kA anuvAda) kRSNAnaMdavAcaspati nATyapariziSTam (nATyadvArA vyAkaraNa ke pATha) kRSNanAtha nyAyapaMcAnana : vAtadUtam kRSNAvadhUta paMDita : gItam (IhAmRga) kaipalara : saMskRta-iMgliza DikzanarI keralavarma valiyakvaila : vhikToriyA caritasaMgrahaH kelADI basavapyA nAyaka : subhASita-suradrumaH kezava : 1 rAmAbhiSekam 2 AnandavRndAvana campU 3kAmaprAbhRtaka kezava dIpaka (kAThamAMDU : "jayatusaMskRtam' patrikA nivAsI) ke saMpAdaka kezava svAmI : zabdakalpadruma kezavabhaTTa : prastAvamuktAvalI (subhASitasaMgraha) kezavArka : kRSNakrIDA DA. kailAzanAtha dvivedI : 1 gurumAhAtyazataka (kAnapura ke nivAsI) 2 kusumAMjali 3 kAlidAsIyam 4 saMskRtanibaMdhanicaya kokanAtha (18 vIM zatI) : zevantikApariNayam saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 499 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kocA narasiMhAcAralu : jaoNrja mahArAjavijaya (1911 meM tirupati meM mudrita) kauNDiNya veMkaTa- 18 vIM : rasikarasollAsa-bhANa zatI kA aMtima caraNa kautukadeva 1 anaMgadIpikA 2 ratisAra 3 raticandrikA 4 zRMgArakutUhala 'kauzika veMkaTeza zrIbhASyakAracaritam (rAmAnujAcArya kA caritra) kSemakaraNa mizra zAstrI vRttarAgAspada kSemakarNa : rAgamAlA (san 1570) gandharvarAja : rAgaratnAkara pI. gaNapatizAstrI :: vayonirNayaH gaNezadatta zAstrI : padmacaMdrakoza gaNezapaNDita : viSaharamaMtra (jammUnivAsI) (AyurvedaviSayaka) gadAdharabhaTTa : rasikajIvanam garuDavAhana paMDita divyasUricaritam (tamilanADu ke vaiSNava AlavAra saMtoM ke caritra) galagalI paMDharInAthAcArya : sAptAhika vaijayantI (karnATaka meM bAlalakoTa patrikA ke saMpAdaka) ke nivAsI) girijAzaMkara mehatA : saMskRta-gujarAtI zabdAdarza giridharadAsa : rAmakathAmRtam gokulanAtha maithila : amRtodayanATakam goDabole, nAro appAjI : saMskRta- marAThI kosh| gopAladAsa : vallabhAkhyAnam gopAla pillai, ena. : sItAvicAralaharI (cintAviSTayAya sItA nAmaka malayAlam kAvya kA anuvAda) gopAlAcArya rA.vhI. saMndezadvayasArAsvAdinI (do dUta kAvyoM kA samAlocana) gopAlAcArya e. yaduvRddhasauhArdam (viSayasaptama eDavarDa kA rAjyatyAga) gopInAtha : 1. rghuptivijym| 2. subhASitasarvasvam govardhana (pitA- : ghaTakharparakAvya TIkA ghanazyAmakavi) govinda : 1. saMgItazAstrasaMkSepa (veMkaTamakhI ke mata kA khaDana) 2. tAladazApramANadIpikA govindajit : sabhyAlaMkaraNam (subhASitasaMgraha) govindanAtha : 1. gaurIkalyANam 2. zaMkarAcAryacaritama govindazarmA : mugdhabodha kI TIkA govindAntaravANI : rukmiNIpANigrahaNam gautama : sabhyabhUSaNamaMjarI gaurInAtha zAstrI : zAMkarabhASyagAMbhIrya nirNayakhaMDanam grebja hAgrUna :: DikzanarI oNpha beMgAlI aeNNDa sNskRt| ghaNTAvatAra : sItAviz2ayacampU ghAzirAma : padyamuktAvalI (subhASita saMgraha) ghaTTazeSAcArya sapiNDIkaraNanirAsa(19 vIM zatI) nATakam ghanazyAma zAstrI 1. maanstttvm| 2. paashcaatyprmaanntttvm| caNDazikhAmaNi zivagItamAlikA caNDIsUrya udArarAghavam candracUDa : prastAvazikhAmaNi (subhASitasaMgraha) candrazekhara : 1. abhinayamukuraH giridharazarmA (jhAlavADa saMsthAna ke rAjaguru) girisuMdaradAsa gItAcArya : amarasUktisudhAkara (umarakhayyAma kI rubAiyoM kA anuvAda - sana 1929) gopAlavijayam : kRSNarAjodayacampU (maisUranareza kRSNarAja voDiyara kA caritra) : kArtikeyavijayam : kokilasandezam : gumAnIzatakam (mahAbhArata ke dRSTAMta dvArA nItibodha isa zataka kA viSaya hai) devIstavarAja gIrvANendra yajvA guNavardhana gumaNika gurudayAlu zarmA (dillI nivAsI) gustAva oparTa dakSiNa bhArata ke vyaktigata saMskRta saMgrahoM kI sUcI-2 khaMDoM meM prakAzita kii| 500 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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2. saMgItalakSaNam 3. bharatasAra-saMgraha candrazekhara : pitA ke pracaNDarAhUdaya nATaka (pitA ghanazyAmakavi kI TIkA campakezvara padArthamAlA (viSaya- zAMkarAdvaita tathA mAdhvamata kA khNddn)| cakrapANi : kalAkaumudIcampU cakrapANi dIkSita : dazakumAracaritam kA uttraardh| cakravartI veMkaTAcArya : 1. divyacApavijayacampU 2. subhASitamaMjarI cArudevazAstrI : 1. prastAvataraMgiNI 2. gAndhicaritam cikkadevarAya bharatasArasaMgraha citale, kRSNa vAmana : lokmaanytilkcritm| (bAlabodha pustaka) citradhara : shRNgaarsaarH| cinnaboma bhUpAla : sNgiitraaghvm| cinmayAnanda : bhAratIvidyA ke saMpAdaka (phatehagaDhavAsI) DA. cilakUrI nArAyaNarAva : vikramAzvatthAmIya-vyAyoga (anantapura, AMdhra meM saMskRta prAdhyApaka) : 1. mAdhavacampU ciraMjIva 2. vidvanmodataraMgiNI caitanyacandra : rAdhArasamaMjarI jagadIzvara bhaTTAcArya : hAsyArNava-prahasanam jagadekamalla : saMgItacUDAmaNi pratApacakravartI (12 vIM zatI) jagadguru vRttakaumudI jagabandhu : ArabyayAminI (arebiyana nAiTas kA anuvAda) jagaddhara : vasantotsava jagannAtha, pitA-rAma : 1. chandaHpIyUSa 2. subhASitaraMgasAraH jagannAtha svAmI : rAmakRSNakathAmRtam (mahendranAtha kRta mUla baMgAlI graMtha kA anuvAda) janArdana : 1. vRttapradIpaH / 2. shRNgaarshtkm| jayanta : rasaratnAkara-bhANa jayantabhaTTa snmtnaattkm| jayadeva : ratimaMjarI jayanArAyaNa : 1. zaMkarasaMgItam (pitA-kRSNacaMdra) 2. zaMkarIgItam jayamaMgalAcArya : kavizikSA (rAjasthAnI / samaya 12 vIM zatI) jayarAja : nyAyasiddhAntamAlA (nyAyasUtroM kI TIkA) jAnakInAtha zarmA : nyAyAsiddhAMtamaMjarI (16-17 vIM zatI) jAbAli : jAbalismRti (bhRgukulotpanna) jinezvara : chandonuzAsanam jIvadeva : bhaktivaibhavam jIvanajI zarmA : bAlakRSNacampU jIvanyAyatIrtha : 1. saMskRtAyogapraznAvalI (kalakattA nivAsI) prativacanam (padyamaya) 2. puruSaramaNIyam 3. kssutkssemm| jIvarAja 1.rAgamAlA (pitA-vrajarAja) 2. rasataMragiNIsetu pitAmaha-sAmarAja TIkAgraMtha) dIkSita) 3. gopAlacampU jIvarAmopAdhyAya 1. abhinava-tAlamaMjarI 2. abhinava-rAgamaMjarI 3. Adarza-gItAvalI jemsa DI alIja : bhAratIya saMskRtagraMthasUcI (kolambo meM san 1870 meM prakAzita) jonsa (sara viliyama : hastalikhita saMskRta graMthoM tathA leDI jonsa) kI prthsuucii| prakAzana 1807 meM josilabeMDAla keMmbrIja vi.vi. ke saMskRta (aura rAIsa aura pAlI graMthoM kI sUcI DevhiDasa) prakAzana- 1883 meM jozI, veMkaTezazAstrI : rAjanItikoza (kAlidAsa khaMDa) viSayarAjanIti-viSayaka kAlidAsa ke vacanoM kA sNgrh| jyUliyasa, egaliMga : sana 1887 meM aura sana 1896 meM laMdana se saMskRta saMpAdana evaM graMthasUciyoM kA prkaashn| jyotirIzvara (kavizekhara): paMcasAyaka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 501 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ghaTanAoM para AdhArita tIna nATaka :1. pratikriyA 2. vana jyotsrA 3. dharmasya sUkSmA gtiH| kRssnnbhuussnnm| anyoktizatakam paTanA ke jaina tADapatrIlekhoM kI sUcI (1937 meM baDodA se prakAzita) dattAtreya : darzanavijayagaNI dalAla sI.DI. (aura ela.bI.gAMdhI) dazaputra sadAziva dAmodara dAmodaran naMbudrI (19 vIM zatI) : adharAmRtacandrikA : vANIbhUSaNam : 1. kulazekharavijaya (nATaka) 2. akSayapatram (vyAyoga) 3. mandAramAlikA (vIthI) : sNgiitdrpnnH| jhalakIkara, bhImAcArya : nyAyakoza (vividha zAstroM ke pAribhASika zabdoM kA vivaraNa) jhalakIkara, bAlabodhinI vAmanAcArya (kAvyaprakAza kI bRhat TIkA) duNDhirAja : zahAjivilAsagItam tarkapaMcAnana bhaTAcArya : amrmNglm| talekara, anantazAstrI : saMskRta- marAThIkoza tADapatrIkara vizravamohanaM (nATaka), (puNe-nivAsI) viSaya- jarmana mahAkavi gaTe ke phAusTa nAmaka nATaka kA anuvAda tAtAcArya menakA (DorAsvAmI ayaMgAra (udyAnapatrikA ke ke tAmila upanyAsa kA saMpAdaka / tiruvAyUra anuvAda) nivAsI) tAtAcArya (ema.ke.) : bhAratImanoratham (rASTravAdI kAvya) timmayajvA : kRssnnaabhyudym| tirumalakoNAcArya : raghuvIravaryacaritam tirumala dvAdazAha-yAjI : sumanoramA (siddhAnta kaumudI kI TIkA) ke. tiruveMkaTAcArya : amarSamahimA tiruveMkaTAcArya : tulasIdAsakRta (maisUra nivAsI) rAmacaritamAnasa kA saMskRta anuvAda toppala dIkSita prakAza (siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA) tripurAntaka kavi yAcaprabandhaH (veMkaTagiri ke yAcavaMza kA itihAsa trilocana tulasIdUtam trivikrama paMjikA udyota trivikramazAstrI kRSNarAjaguNAvalokaH (maisUranareza kRSNarAja voDiyara kA caritra) triveNI : bhNgsNdeshm| tryaMbakabhaTa : pratiSThenduH tryaMbakazAstrI : 1. bhaassybhaanuprbhaa| 2. zrutimatodyotaH 3. advaita siddhAnta vaijyntii| bI.ke. thampI (keralavAsI) rAjasthAna kI aitihAsika dAmodara mizra (16-17 vIM zatI) dineza divAkaradatta zarmA (zimalA nivAsI) dIkhita, DI.Ara. durgagupta siMha : rAdhAvinodam : divyajyoti patrikA saMpAdana 1955 se : purANazabdAnukramaNikA : durgavRtti (arthAt kAtaMtravRtti-TIkA) ": kAtaMtravRtti durgAsiMha (I.7 vIM zatI) (anyanAma durgAtmA) durgAdatta : 1. vRttaratnAvalI 2. vRttmuktaavlii| : kavikalpadruma ke TIkAkAra : AryAdvizatI : vRttavivecana : dharmAdarzaH : veMkaTagirimAhAtmya : prasannarAmAyaNam durgAdAsa durvAsa kavi durgAsahAya devakRSNa devadAsa devara dIkSita (pitA-zrIpAda) devarAjadezika (pitA- padmanAbha) devarAja (pitA- raghupati) devarAva aura gaMgArAva devasahAya devAnanda pUjyapAda .: 1. rAmAbhiSekacampU 2. rAmakathAsudhodayacampU : aniruddhacaritacampU : nAnakacandrodayam : pANinIyasUtravRtti (TippaNI) : rAdhavollAsa 502 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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nArAyaNa nArAyaNa nArAyaNakavi nArAyaNa purohita nArAyaNasudhI nArAyaNa svAmI nArAyaNa zivayogI nArAyaNa (pitA-trivikrama) (nepAla darabAra pustakAlaya meM hastalikhita surakSita) . : zAharAja nakSatramAlA (27 zloka) : vRttaratrAvalI : 1.subhagasaMdezam 2. saMgItasAraH : vRttakArikA : aSTAdhyAyIpradIpaH (anyanAma-zabdabhUSaNam) : anuraagrsH| : nATyasarvasvadIpikA : 1. madhvavijayaH 2. aNumadhvavijayaH 3. maNimaMjarI 4. rAghavendravijayam : zatapathAntargata maNDalabrAhmaNa kA bhASya : AzleSA : saMgItanArAyaNaH : 1. tarkasaMgrahaTIkA 2. AryAzatakam 3. mukundavilAsaH : samavRttasAraH : vikramarAghavIyam : mAdhavasAdhanA (nATaka nArAyaNendra sarasvatI devezvara upAdhyAya : strIvilAsaH devIdAsa : mugdhabodha kI TIkA dvArakAprasAda caturvedI : saMskRtazabdArtha- kaustubhaH / (aura tAriNIza jhA) dvijendranAtha guhacaudharI : 1. AryabhASAcaritam 2. devabhASA devanAgarAkSarayoH utptiH| (ye donoM gadya nibaMdha haiM) dharaNIdhara . : rasaMvatIzatakam naMdakizora bhaTTa : mugdhabodhavyAkaraNa kA (15 vIM zatI) pariziSTa evaM TIkA narezazAstrI ke.jI. : pariNayamImAMsA (10 vIM zatI) nandana : prasannasAhityaratnAkaraH narasappA mantrI : abhinavabhAratam narasiMha : guNaratnAkaraH, viSaya alaMkAroM ke udAharaNArtha taMjauranareza saraphojI bhosale ke guNoM kA varNana narasiMha : anumitipariNayam (madrAsanivAsI) (nyAyazAstraviSayaka nATaka) narasiMha : kokilasaMdezam narasiMha cArlu : citsUryAlokaH (nATaka) (19 vIM zatI) narasiMhatAta : rukminniivllbhprinnycmpuu| . narasiMhadatta zarmA : rAjabhaktimAlA (amRtasara nivAsI) (I. 1929) narasiMha sUri- : kRSNavilAsacampU pitA-anantarAya narahari cakravartI : bhaktiratnAkaraH nallA somayAjI : jiivmmuktiklyaann| navanItakavi : maargshaaycmpuu| nAganAtha : mahAbhASya- prdiipodyotH| nAgezabhaT : 1. vyNjnaanirnnyH| 2. yuktimuktAvalI (kezavamizra kI tarkabhASA para TIkA) vhI.ena. nAyara : anugrahamImAMsA (malabAra nivAsI) (viSaya-jaMturogacikitsA) ke. nAgarAjan : vivekAnandacaritam ke.ke.Ara. nAyara : aalsykrmiiym| nArAyaNa esa. : AMglagAnam nArAyaNa : 1. mahAbhASyavivaraNam 2. mahAbhASyapradIpaH nArAyaNa paMDita nArAyaNa deva nIlakaNTha nIlakaNThArya nUtanakAlidAsa nRtyagopAla kaviratna (19 vIM zatI) nRsiMha nRsiMha bhAgavata nRsiMhasUri : 1. zivadayAsahasram 2. kRSNadUtam 3. puruSottamacampU 4. tripuravijayacampU 5. AMjaneya vijayacampU 6. vyAkhyAna (prakriyAkaumudI TIkA) : vRttaratnArNava : zrIzailakulavaibhavam (viSaya- rAmAnujAcArya kA caritra) sUktiratnAvalI (TAimsa oNpha iMDiyA ke katipaya dainika subhASitoM kA padyAnuvAda) : vIracampU paMDita, prabhAkara dAmodara (jalagAMva- mahArASTra) ke nivAsI padmAnanda saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakara khaNDa / 503 For Private and Personal Use Only

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padmanAbha : rAmakheTakAvyam padmanAtha bhaTTa : gopAlacaritam paramAnandadAsa : AnandavRndAvanacaMpU paravastu raMgAcArya : AMglAdhirAjya- svAgatam parazurAma : kRSNacampU paravastu lakSmI- : cAlukyacaritam narasiMhasvAmI pAMDuraMgazAstrI : satyAgrahakathA pAtrAcArya, : raghunaMdanavilAsa pApayyArAdhya : kalyANacampU pitAmaha narasiMha : prakriyAkalpavallI pITarasana san 1883, 1892 aura 1898 meM saMskRta graMthoM kI sUciyoM kA prakAzana- chaH khaMDoM meM puNatAMbekara, mahAdeva tarkasaMgraha kI TIkA puNyakoTi : kRSNavilAsa / puruSottama : subhASitamuktAvalI puruSottama mizra :: rAmacandrodaya pUrNAnaMda haSIkeza : pUrNajyoti peTbhaTa : sUktivAridhi perI kAzInAthazAsI : 1. draupadIpariNayam (19vIM zatI) 2. pAMcAliMkArakSaNam 3. yAminIpUrNatilaka peginADu : tATaMkapratiSThA- mahotsava paMcapAgezazAstrI pradhAna, dAjI zivAjI : ramAmAdhava . prabhAkara : 1.gItarAghavam 2. kRSNavilAsaH prItikara : kAvyajIvanam phatehagiri : vRttavinoda baMdalAjhaDI rAmasvAmI : rAmacampU badarInAtha :: vRttapradIpaH badarIrAmazAstrI : zambarAsuravijayacampUH bAgevADIkara : 1. krAntiyuddham (solApUra- mahArASTra 2. lokamAnyatilakacaritam ke nivAsI bAlakRSNa : rAmakAvyam buddhisAgarasUri benke : saMskRta-iMgliza DikzanarI brahmadatta : ramaNIyarAghavam brahmapaNDita : uttaracampU brahmamitra vaidya : bhairavavilAsa. bhagavadgItAdAsa : nUtanagItAvaicitryavilAsa / bhagavaddattazAstrI : kAmAyanI (jayazaMkara kRta hiMdI mahAkAvya kA anuvAda) bhagavAnadAsa : mAnavadharmasAra (vArANasIvAsI) bhaTTakRSNa : subhASitaratnakoza bhaTTagoviMdajit : saMgrahasudhArNavaH (subhASitasaMgraha) bhaTTanAthasvAmI : jaoNrjaprazastiH (vijagApaTTaNavAsI) bhaTTanArAyaNa : 1. kucelavRtram 2. kRSNakAvyam bhaTTapallI rAkhAladAsa : tattvasAraH / bhaTTamAdhava : 1. saMgItadIpikA (14 vIM zatI) 2. saMgItacaMdrikA bhaTTavinAyaka : kauSItakI athavA zAMkhAyana (pitA- bhaTTamAdhava, brAhmaNa ke bhASyakAra vRddhanagara ke nivAsI) bhaTTa zrIkRSNa : subhASitaratnakozaH bhaTTAcArya : zRMgArataTinI bhaTTAcArya tarkapaMcAnana : amaramaMgalam (aitihAsika nATaka) bhadrAdi rAmazAstrI : muktAvalInATakam (19 vIM zatI) bhadrezvarasUri : dIpakavyAkaraNam (12 vIM zatI) bhavAnanda ThAkura : sadarpakandarpam bhAgavata, : ahalyAcaritam sakhArAmazAstrI (mahAkAvya) bhATavaDekara esa.ke. : subhASitaratnAkaraH bhAnudatta (pitA-gaNapati): kumArabhArgavIyacampU: bhAnudAsa : gItagaurIpati bhAnunAtha daivajJa : prabhAvatIharaNam (mithilA ke nivAsI (kIrtanIyArUpaka) 19 vIM zatI) bhAradvAja : 1. kRSNAyanam (sAta sarga) 2.vRttasAraH bhAvadatta : rtnsenkulprshstiH| (baMgAla ke sena vaMza kA itihAsa) bhAvamizra : shRNgaarsrsii| bhAvAnanda : sadarpakandarpam bhASyakAra : yAdavazekharacampU: bhAskara : kRSNodantaH 504 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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vidyAvAcaspati mallabhaTTa harivallabha (vaidikazabdakoza) : jayanagarapaMcaraMgam (jayapura ke narezoM kA varNana) : zivaliMgasUryodayam mallAri ArAdhya (pitA-zaravaNArAdhya) bhAskara : kumAravijayacampU: (pitA-zivasUrya) bhAskarAdhvarI :: vRttacandrodayaH bhiDe, vidyAdhara vAmana : saMskRta-iMgliza DikzanarI bhImadeva : zrutibhAskaraH bhImanarendra : 1.saMgItarAjaH / 2. saMgItakalikA 3. saMgItasudhA bhISmacandra : vRttadarpaNaH bhulA paMDita : brahmasiddhAnta bhuvanezvara : AnandadAmodara campUH bhUdeva mukharjI : rasajalanidhiH bhUSaNabhaTTa : bANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI kA (pitA-bANabhaTTa) uttarArdha bholAnAtha : saMdarbhAmRtatoSiNI (mugdhabodha vyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA) bhosadeva : saMgItasArakalikA . (zuddhasvarNakAra) maMgaladevazAstrI DA. prabandhaprakAzaH (vArANasI nivAsI) (chAtropayogI pustaka) maNirAma : grahagaNitacintAmaNi mataMga : bRhaddezIya . mathurAdAsa : vRSabhAnunATikA (guru-kRSNadAsa) (yamunAtIravartI suvarNa zekhara-puranivAsI) mathurAnAtha : 1. chandaHkalpalatA 2. subhASitamuktAvalI 3. yantrarAjaghaTanA 4. jyotiSa siddhAntasAraH mathurAnAtha zukla : vRttasudhodaya madana (pitA-kRSNa) : kRSNalIlA madanapAla : saMgItaziromaNiH (14 vIM zatI) madhuvrata : rAmaratnAkaraH madhusUdana : 1. mugdhabodhavyAkaraNa kI TIkA 2. paMDitacarita-prahasanam 3. anyApadeza-zatakam 4. jAnakIpariNaya-nATakam madhusUdana tarkAlaMkAra : iMglaMDIya vyAkaraNasAraH (1835 meM prakAzita) madhusUdana nighaNTamaNimAlA mallAri : vRttamuktAvalI mallikArjuna : vIrabhadravijayacampU mahAdeva pAMDeya : bhAratIzatakam mahAnaMdadhIra : kAvyakalpacampU mahezvara : vizvaprakAzakoza mAdhava : uddhavadUtam mAdhava : jaDavRtam mAdhava candrobA : zabdaratnAkara (saMskRta-marAThI koza) mAdhavabhaTTa : praNayimAdhavacampU mAdhavAnanda : AnandavRndAvanacampU mAdhavAmAtya : narakAsuravijayam mAdhavAcArya : saMkSepa-zaMkaravijaya mAnakavi : zRMgAramaMjarI mAnadeva : kRSNacaritam mAnasiMha : vRndAvanamaMjarI mizra sAnanda : vRttaratnAkara mukuMda kavi : padyAvalI (subhASitasaMgraha) muDDu viThThalAcArya : palANDuprArthanA mudgala : karNasantoSa munivedAcArya : subhASitaratnAkaraH merutuMga : jainameghadUtam (15 vIM zatI) (viSaya-nIti tattvopadeza) maitreya rAmAnuja : nAthamunivijayacampU (rAmAnujAcArya kA caritra) moDaka, govinda kRSNa : coracatvArizIkathA (arebiyana nAiTas kI eka kathA kA anuvAda) motIrAma : 1. kRssnncritm| 2. kRssnnvinodm| moniyara vilyamsa : saMskRta-iMgliza ddikshnrii| mohanazarmA .: anyoktizatakam mohanasvAmI : rAmacaritam mohanAnanda : rAsakalpalatA yajJasvAmI, ma.ma. : tyAgarAjavijayam / viSaya lekhaka ke pitAmaha kA caritra yogadhyAna mizra : kSetratattva-dIpikA (viSaya- bhUmitizAstra) saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 505 For Private and Personal Use Only

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2. devyazItikam : rAmalIlodyotaH ramAnAtha (pitA-bANezvara) ravikara ravidAsa ravIndrakumAra zarmA rAgakavi rAghava : vRttaratnAvalI : mithyAjJAnakhaMDanam : mAnavaprajApatIyam (kAvya : rAgalakSaNam : 1. bhadrAcalacampU 2. uttarakANDacampUH / : 1. kAkadUtam 2. rubAiyoM kA anuvAda (1940) : kavikAryavicAra : ema.Ara. rAjagopAla ayyaMgAra rAjagopAlacakravartI yajJezvara dIkSita aura baudhAyana zrautasUtra vyAkhyA vAsudeva dIkSita yadugiri anantAcArya : kRSNarAjakalodayacampU (maisUranareza kA caritra) yadunandanadAsa : vilApakusumAMjali kRSNaviyoga yalaMdura zrIkaNThazAstrI : jagadguruvijacampU / yazaHpAla : mohaparAjayam (14 vIM zatI) yazapAla TaMDana : purANaviSayAnukramaNikA yazavanta : vRttdhumnniH| yazavantasiMha : vRttaratnAkaraH yAdavaprakAza : vaijayantIkoza yAdavezvara tarkaratna : azrubiMduH (I. 1901) (mahArAnI vhikToriyA kA nidhana) yeDavAthi koDamAnIya : rukmiNIsvayaMvaraprabandhaH naMdrIpAda yogAnanda : vajramukuTavilAsacampUH / yogendranAtha : dazAnanavadham raMganAtha : sampatkumAravilAsacampU: raMgAcArya : 1. myuursNdeshm| pitA- raghunAtha 2. pikasandezam 3. premarAjyam (vhikAra oNph vekaphilDa nAmaka aMgrejI upanyAsa kA anuvAda) raghudeva naiyAyika : dinasaMgrahaH (baMgAla nivAsI) (viSaya- phalajyotiSa) : 1. vilApakusumAMjali 2. saMgItaprakAza 3. rAgAdisvaranirNaya 4. vRttsiddhaantmNjrii| 5. maarutivijycmpuu| 6. indiraabhyudycmpuu| 7. rAmacaritram raghunAthaprasAda : bharatazAstram raghUttamatIrtha : mukundvilaasH| ratvArAdhya : daarukaavnvilaasm| ratnapANi : maithilezacaritam (darabhaMgA ke rAjavaMza kA varNana) rakhazekhara : chandaHkoza ramaNapati .: 1. zRMgArakozaH rAjacUDAmaNi : 1. rukmiNIkalyANam (10 sarga) 2. kaMsavadham (10 sage) 3. bhaartcmpuu| 4. aanNdraaghvm| 5. kmliniiklhNsm| 6. shRNgaarsrvsvbhaann| rAjAnakagopAla :: zivamAlA rAje, zyA. vi. : sAhityavinodarAjaH (kalyANa meM vakIla) rAjanRsiMha : zabdabRhatI (mahAbhASya kI vyAkhyA) rAjA mAdhavadeva : rtisaar| rAjarAjavarmA : 1. laghupANinIyam (trAvaNakora ke : 2. vizAkhatulAadhipati) prbndhcmpuuH| rAjavallabhazAstrI : nRsiMhabhAratIcaritam (nRsiMhabhAratI zaMgerI ke zaMkarAcArya the) rAdhAkRSNajI 1. AnaMdagAnam 2. klyaannklpdrumH| 3. gAnastavamaMjarI 4. jogvihaarklpdrumH| 5. dolotsavadIpikA 6. dharmasaMgItam 7. gajalasaMgrahaH / rAdhA mohana : 1. saMgItataraMgam 2. sNgiitrtnm| rAdhAmohana zarmA nyAyaratna : bhaktimArga rAma : 1.kNsnidhnm| (ghunAtha 506 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - grathakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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2. vrnnlghuvyaakhyaanm| : alaMkAramuktAvalI rAma (pitA-nRsiMha) rAmakavi rAmakavi (malabAra rAjavaMzIya) rAmakizora (19 vIM zatI) rAmakRSNa : 1. giitraaghvm| 2. giitgiriishm| : 1.subaalaavjrtunnddm| 2. manmathamathanam (Dima) : rukmiNIsvayaMvaram ema. rAmakRSNabhaTTa (baMgalora nivAsI) rAmakRSNabhaT : 1. bhArgavacampU: 2. manodUtam : amRtavANI patrikA kA saMpAdana : 1. saMgItasAroddhAraH / 2. raagkautuuhlm| : 1. vRttAbhirAmam 2. gopAlalIlA 3. goviMdalIlA 4. kRSNavijayam : paulstyraaghviiym| rAmacandra rAmavarmA : keralAbharaNam rAmacandra (pullolavaMzIya) rAmacaMdra (pitA-kezava-17 vIM zatI) rAmacandra (ratnakheTa dIkSita kA potA) rAmacandra (pitA- nAgojI) rAmacaMdra tarkavAgIza (viSaya- rAmacaritra) 2. cndrshekhrcmpuuH| rAmanAtha nanda : jypurraajvNshaavlii| rAmanAthapAThaka : rASTravANI (ArA-u.pra. ke (75 gItoM kA saMgraha) nivAsI) rAmanAthazAstrI esa.ke. : maNimaMjUSA rAmabhadra : 1. rAmavilAsa , 2. bhAgavatacampaH rAmabhaTTa : zRMgArakallolam rAmabhadra vidyAlaMkAra : mugdhabodhavyAkaraNa (hastalekha laMdana meM) rAmamanohara : zRMgAramaMjarI Ara. rAmamUrti : vIralabdhaM pAritoSikam (colavaMzIya rAjA ke caritra para AdhArita upanyAsa) rAmarAya : rASTrasmRtiH rAmavarmA, kerala meM : kaumudI (golDasmitha ke krAMganora ke rAjavaMzI __ haramiTa kAvya kA anuvAda) : candrikAkalApIDam (malabAra ke rAjA ravivarmA kA caritra) rAma vArIyara : AryAsaptazatI rAmazaraNabhAratI : saMskRtapracArakam (patrikA) (dillI-nivAsI) rAmazarmA : prastAvasArasaMgrahaH (subhASita saMgraha) rAmazAstrI : 1. navakoTi 2. zatakoTi (zeSasiddhAnta) rAmasvAmI : raajaaNglmhodyaanm| rAmasvAmIzAstrI : 1. vRttaratnAkara 2. rAmastutiratna rAmasvarUpa : bAlavivAha-hAniprakAzaH (eTA ke nivAsI) rAmasvarUpa zAstrI : 1. bAlasaMskRtam nAmaka (muMbaI meM vaidya) patrikA 2. Adarza hindI saMskRtakozaH rAvale, zyA.go. :: manobodhaH (samartha rAmadAsa ke marAThI kAvya kA anuvAda) rAmAcArya : stybhaamaaprinnym| rAmAcArya galagalI : madhuravANI- mAsika patrikA (belagAva-karnATaka kA saMpAdana sana 1937 se| ke nivAsI) rAmAnanda : mugdhabodha vyAkaraNa kI TIkA : rAmacandracampUH rAmacandrAcArya rAmacaraNa rAmajasana rAmadayAla tarkaratna rAmadayAlu rAmadAsa rAmadeva rAmanaMbudrI I.vhI. (namputIrI) : siddhAntakaumudI kI svara prakriyA ke aMza para ttiikaa| : 1. rAmavilAsa 2. sAhityadarpaNa kI kRti : zeksapIyara ke kucha kAvyoM ke anuvAda : vRttakaumudI : saMskRta- iMgliza DikzanarI : anilduutm| : vRttacandrikA : raamcndrodym| : raamgunnaakr| : 1. keralabhASAvivartaH 2. mahAkavikRtyam (viSaya- malayAlam kAvyoM ke anuvAda) : 1. abhiraamkaavym| rAmanAtha saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 507 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra rAmAnandatIrtha rAmAnuja rAmAnujadAsa rAmArya pI. jI. (19 vIM zatI) rudra rudradAsa rudradhara rudrabhaTTa lakSmaNa (aura vidyAdhara) lakSmaNa (pitA- dAmodara) lakSmaNagovinda lakSmaNadAnta lakSmaNasUri lakSmaNa somayAjI (pitA- oragaMTI zaMkara) lakSmaNazAstrI (jayapuranivAsI) lakSmaNArya lakSmIammala lakSmInArAyaNa dvivedI lakSmInRsiMha lAlApaMDita (kAzmIravAsI) lAlamiNizarmA lebIja rAisa 1 : : 1. saMgItasiddhAnta / 2. rAmakAvyam 1. vallIkalyANasam 2. rAmAyaNacampU 3. vivekavijayam : smaradIpikA / : candralekhA- -saTTam : aSTAdhyAyI kI vRtti 1. rAmAnujacampU 2. rAmAnujAcAryacaritram 3. tAtAcAryavaibhavam (kukoNa ke satpuruSa kumAra tAtAcArya kA caritra) 4. rAmAnujacaritakulakam (bhASyakAra rAmAnujAcArya kA caritra) gajanavI mahaMmadacaritam : pratinaiSadham / jagannAthavijayam : 1. raghuvIravilAsa / : 2. kRSNavapU 3. sUktAvalI abhinavarAmAyaNacampU : sItArAmavihAra 508 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza abhinava rAmAyaNacampU subhagasandezam : bhAratasaMgrahaH : bhAratagItA (itihAsa graMtha) caNDIkucapaMcazatI Rtuvilasitam 1. vilAsaH (siddhAnta kaumudI kI vyAkhyA) 2. jAMkuraca : praznArtharatnAvalI (jyotiHzAstra) 1. jaoNrjaprazastiH / 2. zRMgArakautUhalam / : maisUra tathA kurga rAjyoM ke hastalikhita granthoM graMthakAra khaNDa - www.kobatirth.org locana paMDita lolaMbarAja lauhityasena baMgadezIya paMDitA: vatsAMkamizra kuTTAlavAra (11 aff graft) vallabha vallabhajI vallIsahAya varadarAja (pitA- IzvarAdhvarI) varadarAja (suMdararAjAcArya kA vaMza) sI. varadarAjazarmA varadarAja yajvA esa.TI.jI. varadAcArIyara vAMchezvara vAgbhaTa vAdizekhara vAmana (abhinava bANabhaTTa) vAraNavaneza vAvura kRSNamena vAsudeva (kAzmIrI paMDita) vAsudeva For Private and Personal Use Only : : prastAvasAraH 1 kI suucii| 1884 meM baMgalora meM prakAzita / 1. rAjataraMgiNI 2. rAgasarvasvam sundaradAmodaram (subhASita-saMgraha) : dharmapuskarasya zeSAMza: nyU TesTAmeMTa (apara nAma prabhu yIzuSTena nirUpitasya nUtanadharmaniyamasya maithasaMgrahaH ) (bAibala kA anuvAda) prakAzana 1910 aura 1922 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir : 1. vaikuThastavaH 2. sundara raMjanI (siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA) : vRttamAlA : 1. zaMkarAcArya digvijayaH / 2. kAkutsthavijayacampUH / : kaamaanndm| vivaraNa ( prakriyAkaumudI kI TIkA ) : manoharaM dinam / : kRSNAbhyudayaH / : bhASAzAstrasaMgrahaH / : bhATTacintAmaNi : zRMgAravilAsaH / zivacaritram : vIranArAyaNacaritam amRtasiddhi (prakriyA kaumudI kI TIkA) : gAthA kAdambarI : citrapradIpaH / : cakorasandezam

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vizvezvara (ratnAkara paMDita kA vaMzaja) vizvezvarAnanda aura svAmI nityAnanda viSNutrAta (I. 17 vIM zatI) viSNuputra 5. romAvalIzatakA 6. rasacandrikA : 1. nirNayakaustubhaH 2. pratApArkaH : sAmavedapadAnAm akArAdi varNAnukramaNikA : koksNdesh| vIrakara kR.bhA. vIrarAghava vAsudevadIkSita : baudhAyana zrautasUtra vyaakhyaa| (yajJezvara dIkSita) vAsudeva paNDita : jgnmohnvRttshtkm| vAsudeva sArvabhauma : chandoratnAkaraH (baMgAlI) viMTaraniTjha aura kItha : saMskRtagraMtha saMgraha kI sUcI-1905 viThThala : rssrvsvm| viThThalapanta : gjendrcmpuu| vidyAcakravartI : gdykrnnaamRtm| vidyAnAtha dIkSita : prakriyAraMjana (prakriyAkaumudI TIkA) vidyAbhUSaNa : 1. aizvaryakAdambinI (kRSNacaritra) 2. pdyaavlii| vidyAzaMkara : shNkrvijyH| (zaMkarAnaMda) vinAyaka : virhimnovinodm| vimalasarasvatI : rUpamAlA (I. 16 vIM zatI) (pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI kI prayogAnusAra vyAkhyA) virUpAkSa yajvA : vRttamAlA vilocanadAsa : kaatntrptrikaa| (durgavRtti kI bRhat TIkA) vizvaMbharanAtha zarmA : saMskRta-hiMdI kosh| vizvaksena : rAmacaritam vizvanAtha : 1. saMgItaraghunaMdanam 2. vRttakauTukam 3. rAmacandracampU: 4. kRSNabhAvanAmRtam 5. zRMgAravATikA vizvanAtha TI.e. : vallIpariNayam (nATaka) vizvanAtha bhaTTAcArya : caitrayajJam vAcaspati vizvanAthasiMha : gopAlacampU: vizvabandhuzAstrI : vaidikpdaanukrmkoshH| vizvazarmA : nyAyapradIpaH (tarkabhASA kI TIkA) vizvezvara : saMkaravivAham (vasiSThagotrIya) vizvezvara : 1. SaRtuvarNanam 2. AryAsaptazatI 3. Ayazatakam 4. vakSojazatakam vIrezvarabhaTTa vRndAvanadAsa veMkaTa veMkaTakRSNa (cidambara nivAsI) (19 vIM zatI) veMkaTakRSNazAstrI esa.esa. veMkaTanAtha : saMhitopaniSad brAhmaNa kA bhaassy| : 1. saMskRtadhAturUpakoza : 2. saMskRtazabdarUpakozaH / : 1. bhadrAdirAmAyaNam 2. zArIrakasuprabhAtam 3. zrIgoSThIstavanArthastavaH : anyoktishtkm| : rAsakalpasAratattvam / : ckorsNdeshm| : 1. kuzalavavijayam (nATaka) 2. uttararAmAyaNacampU: : 1. vivAhasamayamImAMsA 2. abdhiyAnavimarzaH / : 1. subhASitanIviH 2. dayAzatakam : 1. haMsasaMdezam 2. yaduvaMzam 3. mArasaMbhavam 4. paadukaashsrm| 5. saMkalpasUryodayam : zivASTapadI veMkaTanAtha (veMkaTadezika) : citrbndhraamaaynnm| veMkaTappAnAyaka (maisUranareza16 vIM zatI) veMkaTamakhI (17 vIM zatI) veMkaTayyA sudhI veMkaTaraMgA veMkaTaratna paMtalu veMkaTaramaNa (baMgalora nivAsI) : kushlvcmpuu| : raamaamRtm| : maargdaayinii| : 1. raamgiitaa| 2. kRssnngiitaa| 3. dshaavtaargiitaa| 4. gaNezagItA 5. sadgurugItA 6: shivgiitaa| 7. vaanniigiitaa| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 509 For Private and Personal Use Only

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8. lakSmIgItA 9. gauriigiitaa| 10. nvgiitkusumaaNjli| sI. veMkaTaramaNAcArya : sanAtanabhautikavijJAnam veMkaTarAghava : hayavadanavijayacampU: veMkaTarAghavazAstrI : bhASyagAMbhIrya nirNayakhaMDanam veMkaTarAghavAcArya : manmathavijayam naattk| (19vIM zatItricanApallIvAsI) sI.vhI. veMkaTarAma : kRSNArjunavijayam dIkSitara (pAlaghATa (nATaka) (kerala) ke nivAsI) Ara.esa. veMkaTarAma : bhASAzAstrapravezinI zAstrI veMkaTarAmazAstrI : mahIzUrAbhivRddhiprabandhacampU ena. veMkaTarAmazAstrI : kathAzatakam (anyAnya prAdezika kathAoM kA anuvAda) veMkaTavarada : kRSNavijayanATakam veMkaTasubbA : 1. gNgaadhrvijym| 2. jappezotsavacampUH / veMkaTasUri : 1. maarkddeyodym| 2. gauriiprinnycmpuu| veMkaTAcalazAstrI : abdhinauyaanmiimaaNsaa| (kAzI zeSa) veMkaTAcArya : raghunaMdanavilAsama veMkaTAcArya surapuram : bANAsuravijayacampUH / veMkaTAcArya aura ammala : rukmiNIpariNayacamyUH / veMkaTAdhvarI : subhaassitkaustubhm| veMkaTeza : 1. kRssnnaamRttrNgikaa| 2. haMsasaMdezam 3. zrInivAsavilAsacampUH, 4. raamaabhyudym| veMkaTeza : vRttrtnaakr| (pitAavadhAnasarasvatI) veMkaTeza : madanAbhyudayam (aura kRSNamUrti) veMkaTezvara : kaoNphIzatakam veNIdatta : padyaveNI (subhASitasaMgraha) (pitA- jagajjIvana) veNIdatta : vaasudevcritm| veNIvilAsa : vRttasudhodayaH vaikuNThapurI : zAntirasam vaidyanAtha : vRttavArtikam, rasikaraMjanam vrajakAnta lakSmInArAyaNa : vijayavijayacampU: vrajanAtha : manodUtam vrajanAthazAstrI : vhikToriyAprazastiH (puNe nivAsI) DaoN. vrajamohana : gaNitIyakozaH vrajarAja dIkSita : rasamaMjarITIkA vrajarAja : AryAtrizatI vrajalAla : zaMgArazatakam zaMkara : vaiSNavakaraNam zaMkarakavi : gaMgAvataraNam zaMkaradayAlu : vRttapratyaya zaMkaranArAyaNa : bAlaharivaMzam zakararAma : nIvI (rUpAvatAra kI vyAkhyA) zaMkaraAcArya : kRSNavijayam zaMkarArAdhya : basavarAjIyam zaThakopAcArya : bAlarAghavIyam zaMbhukAlidAsa : rAmacandrakAvyam zaMbhudAsa : zRMgArasArasaMgrahaH zaMbhurAma : chandomuktAvalI zAntarAja paMDita : vRtacintAratnam zAdiva : zaMkaragItiH zAdhira : chandomAlA el.bI. zAstrI : 1.lIlAkamalavilasitam 2. cAmuNDA 3. nipuNikA veMkaTAcala zAstrI : gopIcandracaritam (ayyA) ziMgarAcArya : gAyakapArijAtaH zintra, zivarAmazAstrI : 1. sArtha vedAMga nighaMTuH (vaidika-marAThI koza) 2. bhAratIzatakam zitikaNTha : zitikaNTharAmAyaNam : tithipArijAtam zivacaNareNu : kumAravijayam zivarAma : bANavijayam zivarAmacandra sarasvatI : ratnAkaraH (siddhAnta kaumudI kI TIkA) zivarAya kRSNa aura : anaMgavijayam jagannAtha paM. zivazaMkara : raNavIraratnAkaraH viSaya(kAzmIra nivAsI) dharmazAstra ziva 510 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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zuklezvara zeSakavi zeSagirizAstrI aura anya paMDita zeSacintAmaNi zeSadIkSita zeSasudhIH zyAmakumAra AcArya Ara. zyAmazAstrI zrIkaNThabhaTTa zrIkAzIza zrIkRSNa : pramANAdarza : 1. cintAmaNivijayacampUH 2. kalyANarAmAyaNam orieMTal menyuskripTa lAibrerI ke saMgraha kI sUci 29 khaMDoM meM prakAzita : chandaHprakAzaH : kRSNavilAsa :: kRSNacampU: : kIdRzaM saMskRtam : bhASAtaMtram : vAgarthavazIkaraNam .: mugdhabodha kI TIkA : 1. zrInivAsavilAsacaMpUH 2. rAmezvaravinayacampU: : 1. pAdAMkadUtam 2. kRSNapadAmRtam : narasiMhasarasvatI-mAnasa pUjAstotram : rAdhAmukuMdastavaH : 1. kathAkautukam (phArasI graMtha yusupha julekhA kA anuvAda) 2. rAmarasAmRtam : vrajavihAraH zrIkRSNasArvabhauma (17 vIM zatI) zrIgopAla zrIdAsa zrIdhara zrInivAsAcArya : 1.zaMgArataraMgiNIbhANaH (19 vIM zatI) 2. kSIrAbdhizayanam 3. dhuvaH (nATaka) zrInivAsAcArya : 1. mayUrasandezam 2. subhASitapadAvalI zrInivAsAcArya : maNimekhalA (tamilakathA kA (bhUtapurI nivAsI) anuvAda zrInivAsAcArya : umApariNayam (nATaka) icabandI (19 vIM zatI) es. zrInivAsAcArya : uttamajArjajAyasI (kumbhakoNanivAsI) ratnamAlikA zrInivAsAcArya : AMglajarmanIyuddha vivaraNam tirumalabukkapaTTaNam zrInivAsAcArya : kRSNAbhyudayam (yelayavallI ) (pitA-veMkaTeza) zrIpati govinda : jAnakyAnaMdabodhaH zrIpatiThakkura : vhikToriyAdevIstotram zrIpAla : prastAvataraMgiNI (subhASitasaMgraha) zrIvallabha : mugdhabodha kI TIkA zrIzaila : 1. padmAvatIpariNayacampU: 2. indirApariNayam zrIzailatAtAcArya : kapInAm upavAsaH (ziromaNi) zrIzailatAtAcArya : 1. durgezanandinI aura 2. kSatriyaramaNI (baMkimacaMdra ke upanyAsoM ke anuvAda) zrIzailatAtAcArya : 1. yugalAMgulIyam (kAMcIvaram nivAsI, 2. vedAntadezikam pitA-veMkaTavarada) (donoM nATaka) zrIzaila zrInivAsa : rAmakathAsudhodayam zrutikAnta : laghunibaMdhamaNimAlA saMkarSaNa : 1. nRsiMhacampU: 2. satyanAthAbhyudayam 3. satyanAthamAhAtya ratnAkaraH ema.vhI. saMpatakumAra : 1. kAphIpAnIyam 2. kAphItyAgadvAdaza maMjarikA sakalakIrti : subhASitAvalI (jainapaMDita) saccidAnanda .: rAmabhadramahodayam (kAvya) zrIdharasvAmI zrInivAsa : 1. vRttamaNimAlikA 2.navaratnavilAsaH 3. mukundacaritacampUH 4. zAharAjASTapadI 5. sudAmacaritam : rasikaraMjana-bhANaH : varAhacampU: zrInivAsa (19vIM zatI) zrInivAsa (pitA-varadapaMDita) zrInivAsa (pitA-veMkaTa) zrInivAsa kavi : prasArazekharaH zrInivAsa paMDita zrInivAsa ratha zrInivAsa rAghavan zrInivAsa zAstrI : kRSNarAja-prabhAvodayam (viSaya-maisUranareza kA caritra) : rAgatattvavibodhaH ___: lalitarAghavam : gIrvANabhASAbhyudayaH : saumyasomam saskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 511 For Private and Personal Use Only

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satyavratazarmA : 1. bhairavastavaH 2. mAtRbhUstotram 3. bhayabhaMjanam (nATaka) sadAnanda : 1. zAMkaradigavijayasAraH 2. vrajendracaritam sadAnandanAtha : tattvadIpikA (aSTAdhyAyI kI vRtti) sadAziva : kAmakalpalatA sadAziva dIkSita : saMgItasundaram sadAzivamakhI : rAmavarmayazobhUSaNam sadAzivamuni : vRttaratnAkaraH samasandarbha : kAvyarasAyanam sarasvatI : haMsasandezam sarvezvara dIkSita : mahAbhASyasphUrtiH sarvezvara somayAjI : mahAbhASyapradIpasphUrtiH sAmbaziva : aniruddhacaritacampU: sAkurIkara DI.TI. : gIrvANakekAvalI bhora (mahArASTra) (marAThI stotrakAvya kA nivAsI anuvAda) sItAdevI : araNyarodanam sItArAma : vRttadarpaNaH sItArAmazAstrI : mahIzUra (maisUra) dezAbhyudayacampU: siddhanAtha vidyAvAgIza : pavanadUtam sundaradeva : muktipariNayam sundaramizra : abhirAmamaNinATakam (16 vIM zatI) (7 aMkI) sundarasena : kumArIvilasitam (kanyAkumArI devI kI kathA) sundarAcArya : gItazatakama sundarezvara : zivapAdakamalareNusahasram sukumAra : raghuvIracaritam sukAlamizra : zaMgAramAlA (18 vIM zatI) sudhIndrayogI : alaMkArasAraH sudarzanazarmA : zaMgArazekharabhANaH subAlacandrAcArya : rAdhAsaundaryamaMjarI vAya. subbArAva : mUlAvidyAnirAsaH subrahmaNya sUri : azeSAMka-rAmAyaNam (199 AryA) sUryanArAyaNa : prAsabhAratam sUryanArAyaNa : zrutakIrtivilAsacampaH setumAdhava : vizvapriyagaNavilasitama (madhvAcArya kA caritra) saumadatti : viTavRttam somanAtha / : 1. anyoktizatakam (yA Aryaka) 2. vyAsayogicaritacampU: somarAjadeva : saMgItaratnAvalI (somabhUpAla) (12 vIM zatI) somezvara : 1. abhilaSitArtha-ciMtAmaNiH (bhUlokamalla) (saMgIta) 2. mAnasollAsa: saurIndramohana : saMgItasArasaMgrahaH DA. sTIna / : raghunAtha maMdira (jammU) ke saMskRta graMtha saMgraha kI sUcI, (1894 meM muMbaI meM prakAzita) haMsayogI : haMsadtam haMsarAja : vaidikakozaH (brAhmaNavAkyoM kA saMgraha) harabhaTTazAstrI aura : jammU-kAzmIra nareza ke rAmacaMdra kAka saMgraha kI sUcI, 1927 meM puNe meM prakAzita harikRSNa :: vaidika vaiSNava sadAcAra harinAtha : rAmavilAsakAvyam haribhaTTa : 1.saMgItadarpaNaH 2. saMgItasAroddhAraH 3. saMgItakalAnidhiH haribhAskara : padyAmRtataraMgiNI (subhASitasaMgraha) harirAma : mahAbhASyapradIpaH harivyAsa mizra : 1. vRttamuktAvalI (I. 1574) harizaMkara : gItarAghavam harisakhI : anubhavarasam harihara : bhartRharinirvedam hIrAlAla zAstrI : purAne madhyapradeza berAra prAMta ke (rAyabahAdura) hastalikhita saMgraha kI sUcI, prakAzana-1926 meM nAgapura meM huA huparIkara, ga. zrI. : saMskRtAnuzIlanavivekaH RSIkeza zarmA : saMskRta lAibrerI kalakattA ke (aura zivacaMdra gaI) saMgraha kI sUcI / prakAzana / 1895 aura 1906 meM hebare, e.Ara. : manohara dinam hemacandra : chandazcUDAmaNiH hemacandrAcArya kavibhUSaNa : pAMDavavijayam helArAja : vArtikonmeSaH (kAtyAyana vArtikapATha kA bhASya) 512 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa-ka Rgveda ke maMtradraSTA RSi prathama maNDala sUkta -22 -25, 26 -27 (kucha maMtra) - 27 (kucha maMtra) -28 -1 se 10 - 12 se 23 - 51 se 57 - 74 se 93 -29 -30 madhucchandA medhAtithi savyaAMgirasa gotama kazyapa kakSIvAn pajriya parucchepa daivadAsI dIrghatamA - 116 se 126 - 127 se 139 - 140 se 164 -31, 75 -32 - 33, 34 - 35, 36 -37, 38 -42 -45 dvitIya maMDala tRtIya maMDala vizva sAmana Atreya vasusu Atreya vyaruNa azvamedhabhArata vizvavArA vavI Atreya babhru Atreya avasyu Atreya gAtu Atreya saMvaraNa prAjApatya prabhUvasu AMgirasa atri atribhauma sadApUNa Atreya pratikSatra Atreya pratibhAnu Atreya pratiprabha Atreya svasti Atreya zyAvAzva zrutavid Atreya arcanAnasa Atreya urucakri Atreya bAhuvRkta Atreya paura Atreya pAyu bhAradvAja atri saptavadhri Atreya vasu bhAradvAja zyAvAzva -46 -48 -49 -33 draSTA sUkta gAyI -19 se 22 devazravA devavAta -23 kuzika prajApativAcya -38,54,55,56 vizvAmitra - avaziSTa saMpUrNa maMDala (isI maMDala ke 62 ve sUkta meM 10 vA hai prakhyAta gAyatrI maMtra) -50,51 -52 se 61 -62 -64 -69 -71, 72 -73,74 -75 -76, 77 -78 -80 se 82 -81 se 83 caturtha maNDala sUkta draSTA trasadasyu daurgaha purumILha sauhotra vAmadeva -38 -43, 44 - avaziSTa saMpUrNa maMDala SaSTha maNDala paMcama maNDala -sUkta -15 budha Atreya vasuzruta Atreya gaya Atreya sutaMbhara Atreya puru Atreya prayasvana Atreya -1 -3 se 6 -9, 10 -11 se 14 -16, 17 -20 draSTA vItahavya AMgirasa suhotra zunahotra bhAradvAja zaMyu bArhaspatya garga bhAradvAja RjizvA -31,32 -33,34 -44, 45, 46, 48 -47 -49 se 52 saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 513 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAyubhAradvAja bharadvAja -87 - avaziSTa saMpUrNa maMDala zrutakAkSa tirizci AMgirasa -92 -95 saptama maMDala nemabhArgava -97 -100 navama maNDala draSTA azvasUkti kANvAyana vasiSTha -sUkta -14,15 - avaziSTha kula 104 sUkta sUkta aSTama maNDala -25 -sUkta -2,3 draSTA madhucchandA asita kAzyapa dRLahacyuta idhmavAha namedha gotama zyAvAzva rahUgaNa AMgirasa bRhanmati AMgirasa ayAsya AMgirasa kapi avatsAra kAzyapa amahIyu AMgirasa nidhruva kANva bhRga + jamadagni kazyapa vAtsaprI bhAlaMdana -26 -27 se 29 -31,67 -32 -37, 38 -39,40 -46 se 46 -47,49,75 se 79 -53 se 60 -61 -63 -10, 48,51,54 -12 -13 -13,14 -16 se 18 -23 se 26 -26 -65 -64,67 -68 -70 draSTA meghAtithi devAtithi brahmAtithi vatsakAvya AyukANva zazakarNa kANva pragAtha kANva parvata kANva nArada kANva goSUkti kANvAyana iribiThi kANva vizvamanas vaiyazva vyazva AMgirasa kazyapa nIpAtithi zyAmAzva nAbhAkta virUpa AMgirasa trizoka kANva vaza azvya zruSTigu kANva (vAlakhilyasUkta) medhya kANva kali prAgAtha mAnya maitrAvaruNi puruhanyA AMgirasa purumILha AMgirasa (yA sUdIpti AMgirasa) saptavadhrI Atreya virUpa AMgirasa vizvak kArSNi namedha -74 -96 35 se 38 39 se 42 -43, 44 kakSIvAn pabriya pratardana mRLIka vAsiSTha karNazruta vAsiSTha prajApati vAcya parvata kANva Uru AMgirasa anAnata pArucchepa -45 -46 -97 -101 -104, 105 .108 -111 -51 53,57,58 dazama maNDala -67 -70 -71 -sUkta -13 -73 draSTA kazyapa damana bhRgu + mathita + cyavana vimada aindra prAjApatya (yA vasukRta vAsukta) vasukra aindra -16 -19 - 20 se 26 -75 -86 -89,90,98,99 - 27 se 29 514/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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kavaSa ailUSa prabhUvasu AMgirasa saptaguAMgirasa bRhaduktha vAmadeva gaya plAta vasukarNa vAsukta AyAsya AMgirasa syUmarazmi saucIka mUrdhanvat AMgirasa -30 se 34 -35, 36 -47 -54 se 56 -63, 64 65,66 -67,68 -77, 78 -79,80 rakSohA brAhma -162 vitrI kAzyapa -163 precatA AMgirasa -164 RSabha vairAja -166 zabara kAkSIvata -167 vibhrAja saurya -170 saMvarta AMgirasa (yA vItahavya) -172 (uSAsUkta) UrdhvagrAvA -175 pataMga prAjApatya -177 ariSTanemi tAr2yA -178 pratardana -179 jaya aindra -180 prajAvAn prAjApatya -183 vatsa Agneya -187 zyena Agneya -188 saMvanana AMgirasa - 191 (madhusukta) -88 -89 reNu -90 (puruSasUkta) -96 -97 -98 -100 -101 avAMtara maMtradraSTA RSigaNa -102 -105 -105 RSi -107 - 109 - 111 - 112 - 113 nArAyaNaRSi baru AMgirasa bhiSagAtharvaNa devApi vana (yA vanaka) vaikhAnasa vAndana duvasyu vudha saumya mudgala durmitra sumitra kautsa divya AMgirasa juhU (strI) aSTAdaMSTra vairUpa nabhaH prabhedana zataprabhedana vairupa dharmatApasa laba aindra bRhaddiva AtharvaNa hiraNyagarbha prAjApatya rAtrI bhAradvAjI (strI) vihavya AMgirasa prajApati parameSThI yajJa prAjApatya sukIrti kAkSIvata zakapUta nArmedha atri sAMkhya suparNa tAkSyaputra suvedA zairiSi hiraNyastUpa zradhdA kAmAyanI (strI) zAsa bhAradvAja ziribiTha bhAradvAja zacI paulomI (strI) -114 -119 -120 - 120 (prajApatisUkta) - veda kauSItakI - Rgveda kA kauSItakI brAhmaNa aitareya mahIdAsa - Rgveda kA aitareya brAhmaNa, . AraNyaka, tathA upaniSad vaizampAyana -kRSNa yajurveda (arthAt nigada yA taittirIya saMhitA) mitrayu - kRSNa yajurveda kI maitrAyaNI saMhitA yAjJavalkya - zuklayajurveda (vAjasaneyI saMhitA) madhyandina - mAdhyaMdina (vAjasaneyI saMhitA) kaNva - zukla yajurveda kaNvazAkhA upoditi gaupaleya - sAmaveda AzvasUkti - sAmaveda AMgirasa -arthvved| (prAcIna caritrakoza (marAThI) - siddhezvara zAstrI citrIvakRta tathA bhAratIya saMskRti koza (kula 10 khaMDa) (marAThI) mahAdevazAstrI nozI kRta- para AdhArita). -127 -128 - 129 (nAsadIya sukta) -130 -132 -143 se 145 -144 -147 -149 -151 (zraddhAsUkta) -152 -155 -159 vedapATha kI 10 prakAra kI vikRtiyA~ prAcIna kAla se vaidika vidvAnoM meM pracilata hai, usake pravartakasaMhitA pATha - bhgvaan| padapATha -raavnn| saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 515 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vAbhravyarSiH kramaM prAha jaTAM vyADiravocata / / 1 / / kramapATha -baabhrvy| jaTApATha - vyaaddi| mAlApATha - vasiSTha zikhApATha - bhRgu rekhApATha - assttaavkr| daNDapATha - parAzara rathapATha -kazyapa ghanapATha - atri nimna likhita tIna zlokoM meM aSTavidha vikRtiyoM (yA pAThoM) ke pravartakoM ke nAma saMkalita hai| bhagavAn saMhitAM prAha padapAThaM tu raavnnH| mAlApAThaM vasiSThazca zikhApAThaM bhRguvyadhAt aSTavakro'karod rekhAM vizvAmitro'paThad dhvajam / / 2 / / daNDaM parAzaro'vocat kazyapo rthmbrviit| ghanamatrimuniH prAha vikRtInAmayaM kramaH / / 3 / / 516/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa-(kha) vaidika vAGmaya [saMskRta vAGmaya koza ke antargata akArAdi varNAnukrama se vividha viSayoMke graMthoM kA ullekha yathAsthala huA hai| prastuta pariziSToM meM veda-purANa darzana kAvya nATaka campU ityAdi anyAnya viSayoM ke graMthoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| jijJAsuoM ko isa sUcI ke AdhArapara Avazyaka viSaya ke mahattvapUrNa graMthoMkI nAmAvalI ekatra mila sakegI aura apekSita graMtha ke viSaya meM kucha jAnakArI mUla koza meM mila skegii|] (saMpAdaka) mUla (aporuSeya) vaidika (saMhitA) Rgveda yajurveda sAmaveda atharvaveda zAkalasaMhitA (Rgveda) vedArthadIpikA bhASya RgarthadIpikA vedabhUSaNa mAdhvabhASya nArAyaNIya bhASya bhASya bhASya vRtti zukla yajurvedaH mAdhyandina saMhitA bhASya vedadIpa vedavilAsa kANva saMhitA bhASya kANvaveda maMtrabhASyasaMgraha bhAvArthadIpikA brAhmaNasarvasva kRSNayajurvedaH taittirIya saMhitA bhASya bhASya mantrArthadIpikA bhASya - sAyaNAcArya - skandasvAmI -veMkaTamAdhyama -lakSmaNa - AnandatIrtha - nArAyaNa - AtmAnanda - udgIthAcArya - mudgala kAThaka saMhitA, maitrAyaNI saMhitA, kapiSThala kaThasaMhitA (caraka) zvetAzvara saMhitA sAmavedIya kauthumasaMhitA bhASya -sAyaNa chandasikA, uttaravivaraNa - mAdhava (sAmavivaraNa) bhASya (amudrita) - bharatasvAmI sAmavedIya - rANAyanIya saMhitA - jaiminIya saMhitA - geyagAna (prakRtigAna) - AraNyagAna - (grAme) geyagAna -UhagAna -UhyagAna atharvavedIya - zaunaka saMhitA bhASya - sAyaNa pippalAda saMhitA brAhmaNa graMtha aitareya brAhmaNa (R.) bhASya -sAyaNa vRtti - SaDguruziSya kauSItakI (zAMkhAyana) brAhmaNa zAMkhAyanabhASya - mAdhavaputra vinAyaka zatapatha brAhmaNa (mAdhyaMdina) bhASya -sAyaNa TIkA - harisvAmI TIkA -dvivedagaMga TIkA - kavIndrAcArya sarasvatI kANvazAkhIya zatapatha brAhmaNa taittirIya brAhmaNa (kRSNa yajuH.) bhASya -sAyaNa bhASya - bhaTTabhAskara ArSeya brAhmaNa (sAmaveda) bhASya -sAyaNa -uvvaTa - mahIdhara - gauradhara - sAyaNAcArya - Anandabodha -anantAcArya - halAyudha -sAyaNa - mAdhavAcArya - bhaTTabhAskara - bhayasvAmI, gRhadeva jaiminIyopaniSad brAhmaNa (sAmaveda) saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 517 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra sAmavidhAna brAhmaNa (sAmaveda) vedArthaprakAza tANDya mahAbrAhmaNa (paMcaviMzati brAhmaNa ) bhASya vivRti SaDviMza brAhmaNa (sAmavedIya) vedArthaprakAza daivata brAhmaNa ( devatAdhyAya brA.) chAndogyopaniSad brAhmaNa (maMtra brAhmaNa) jaiminIya brAhmaNa (jaiminIya ArSeya yA talavakAra) vaMza brAhmaNa (kauthumazAkhIya) bhASya saMhitopaniSad brAhmaNa (kauthumazAkhIya) gopathabrAhmaNa (atharva) AraNyaka aitareya AraNyaka vRtti mokSapradA bhASya zAMkhAyana AraNyaka bRhadAraNyaka (mAdhya) upaniSad bhASya taittirIya AraNyaka bhASya bhASya maitrAyaNIya AraNyaka kauSItakI brAhmaNa AraNyaka upaniSad vAGmaya sUcI IzopaniSad kena- upaniSad kaThopaniSad praznopaniSad muNDakopaniSad mANDUkyopaniSad taittirIya upaniSad aitareya upaniSad chAndogya upaniSad bRhadAraNyakopaniSad - sAyaNa * sAyaNa - bharatasvAmI - - sAyaNa sAyaNa - SaDguruziSya sAyaNa - triveda gaMga - sAyaNa - bhaTTa bhAskara zvetAzvatara upaniSad kaivalyopaniSad 518 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa www.kobatirth.org kauSItakI upaniSad maitrAyaNI upaniSad jAbAlopaniSad mahAnArAyaNopaniSad bRhajjAbAlopaniSad nRsiMha pUrvatApinIyopa nRsiMhottaratApinIyopa nRsiMhaSaTcakropa nAradaparivrAjakopa. trizikhibrAhmaNopa. tripAdvibhUtimahAnArAyaNopa zrIrAmapUrvatApinIyopa. zrIrAmottaratApinIyopa mahopaniSad paramahaMsa parivrAjakropa gopAlapUrvatApinyupa. gopAlottaratApinyupa. gaNezapUrvatApinyupa gaNezottaratApinyupa. nArAyaNapUrvatApanIyopaniSad nArAyaNottaratApanIyo. tripAdamUrtimahAnArAyaNopa. amanaskopaniSad AtmapUjopaniSad Atmaprabodhopa AtmopaniSad AtmasvarUpavijJAnopa. AyurvedopaniSad AtharvaNanArAyaNopa AtharvaNopa AruNyAdyupaniSad itihAsopaniSad AnandavallI upaniSad bhRgUpaniSad brahmabindUpaniSad haMsopaniSad AruNikopaniSad garbhopaniSada nArAyaNAtharvazira upa. paramahaMsopa brahmopaniSad amRtanAdopa. atharvazira upaniSada atharvazikhopaniSad

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kAlAgnirudropaniSad maitreyI-upaniSad subAlopa. kSurikopa.. maMtrikopa. sarvasAropa. nirAlambopaniSad zukarahasyopa. vajrasUcikopa. tejobindUpa. nAdabindUpaniSad dhyAnabindUpa. brahmavidyopa. yogatattvopa. sItopaniSad yogacUDAmaNyupa. nirvANopa maNDalabrAhmaNopa. dakSiNAmUrtyapa. zarabhopa. skandopaSid adayatArakopa. rAmarahasyopa. vAsudevopa mudgalopa. zANDilopa. paiMgalopaniSad bhikSukopa. zArIrakopa. yogazikhopa. turIyAtItopa. saMnyAsopa. akSamAlikopa. akSamAlopa. avyaktopa. ekAkSaropa. annapUrNopa sUryopaniSad akSyupaniSad adhyAtmopa. kuNDikopa. sAvitryupaniSad pAzupata brahmopaniSad parabrahmopaniSad avadhUtopaniSad tripuratApinyupa. tripuropa. kaTharudropa bhAvanopa. rudrahRdayopa. yogakuNDalyupa. bhasmajAbAlopa. rudrAkSajAbAlopa. gaNapatyupaniSad jAbAladarzanopa. tArasvaropa. mahAvAkyopa. paMcabrahmopa. prANAgnihotropa. kRSNopaniSad yAjJavalkyopa. varAhopaniSad zAstrAyanIyopa. hayagrIvopa. dattAtreyopa. gAruDopa. kalisantaraNopa. jAbAlyupa. saMnyAsopa. gopIcandanopa. sarasvatIrahasyopa. piNDopaniSad mahopaniSad baDhacopa. Azramopa. saubhAgyalakSmupa. yogazikhopa. muktikopa. yogarAjopa. advaitopaniSad advaitabhAvavopaniSad Acamanopa. anubhavasAropa. ArSeyopa. caturvedopa. cAkSuSopa. chAgaleyopa. turIyopa. saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 519 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tAropaniSad turIyAtItopa. dvayopaniSad niruktopa, nirAlambopa. praNavopaniSad bASkalamantropa. maThAmnAyopa. vizrAmopa. zaunakopa. sUryatApinyupa. svasaMvedyopa. UrdhvapuMDropa. kAtyAyanopa. tulasyupa. nAradopaniSad pAdayAtrikopa. yajJopavItopa. rAdhopaniSad lAMgUlopa. zrIkRSNapuruSottamasiddhAntopa. saMkarSaNopaniSad sAmarahasyopa. sudarzanIyo. nIlarudropa. pArAyaNopa. bilvopaniSad mRtyulAMgUlopaniSad rudropaniSad liMgopaniSad vajrapaMjaropa. baTukopaniSad zivasaMkalpopa. zivopaniSad sadAnandopa. siddhAntazikhopa. siddhAntasAropa. herambopaniSad allopaniSad AtharvaNa dvitIyopa. kAmarAjakIlitoddhAropa. kAlikopa. kAlImeghAdIkSitopa. kuNDikopa. gAyatrIrahasyopa. gAyatryupaniSad guhyakAlyupa. pItAmbaropa. rAjazyAmalArahasyopa. vanadurgopa. zyAmopaniSad zrIcakropaniSad zrIvidyAtArakopa. SoDhopaniSad sumukhyupaniSad haMsaSoDhopa. yogakuNDalyupa. maitryupaniSad kaulopaniSad gAndharvopaniSad cityupaniSad devyupaniSad nirvANopa. amRtabindUpaniSad cUlikopaniSad brahmAbindUpa. 520 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra zikSA yAjJavalkyazikSA vAsiSThI zikSA kAtyAyanI zikSA vyAkhyA pArAzarI zikSA mANDavya zikSA pANinIya zikSA nAradIya zikSA bhASya gautamI zikSA svarAMkana zikSA SoDazazlokI zikSA manaH svArazikSA prAtizAkhyapradIpa zikSA veda paribhASAkArikA svarAMkuza zikSA kramakArikA zikSA yajurvidhAna zikSA galaTraka zikSA avasAna nirNaya varNana pradIpikA kezavI zikSA kramasandhAna zikSA svarASTaka zikSA laghvamoghAnandinI zikSA - yAjJavalkya - vasiSTha * kAtyAyana - jayantasvAmI * parAzara - mANDavya - pANini mANDUkI zikSA (arthavedIya) lomazI zikSA svara - bhaktilakSaNa zikSA ApizalI zikSA kohalI zikSA cAndravarNasUtra zikSA amoghAnandinI zikSA - amodhAnanda svarabhaktilakSaNa pariziSTa zikSA kAtyAyana AzvalAyana zrautasUtra (Rgveda) vRtti - nArada - zobhAkara - gautama - maNDUka - lomaza - - rAmakRSNa -yogI yAjJavalkya - bAlakRSNa rAmacandra pariziSTa (ga) vedAMga vAGmaya - anantadeva - amareza - daivajJa kezavarAma kalpaH (zrota- gRhya- dharma - zulva sUtrANi ) - * AzvalAyana - gArgyanArAyaNa www.kobatirth.org zAMkhAyana zrautasUtra (Rgveda) bhASya vyAkhyA AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra (Rgveda) vRtti kArikA vyAkhyA zAMkhAyana gRhyasUtra ( kalpasUtra) vAsiSTha dharmasUtra (Rgvedapha vyAkhyA parazurAma kalpasUtra (Rgveda) vyAkhyA paddhati kauSItakI gRhyasUtra (zAMbhavya gRhyasUtra) (Rgveda). kAtyAyana zrautasUtra pAraskara gRhyasUtra (zukla yajurveda) (antargata pariziSTa kaNDikA zrautasUtra, sodarasUtra AdhdasUtra, bhojanasUtra) -vyAkhyA - vyAkhyA zrAddhasUtra (zukla yajurveda) zulbasUtra (zukla yajurveda) -bhASya -vRtti baudhAyana zrotasUtra For Private and Personal Use Only - zAMkhAyana - anRta - govinda - kAtyAyana (zuklayajurveda bhASya karmAcArya saralAvRtti (kRSNa yajurveda) - AzvalAyana - gArgyanArAyaNa - kumArila bhaTTa - haradatta zAMkhAyana - vasiSTha - govindasvAmI - - - rAmezvara - umAnanda - vyAkhyA karkAcArya -vyAkhyA-jayarAma - vyAkhyA- harihara gadAdhara - vizvanAtha - kAtyAyana - kAtyAyana - karkAcArya - mahIdhara - ma.ma. vidyAdhara gauDa - taittirIya zAkhA) baudhayana gRhyasUtra (kRSNa yajurveda - baudhAyana dharmasUtra (kRSNa yajurveda - vivaraNa baudhAyana kalpasUtra (kRSNa yajurveda baudhAyana karmAntisUtra (kRSNayaju baudhAyana baudhAyana dvaidhasUtra Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - govindasvAmI - saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 521 -

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra baudhAyana zulbasUtra Apasmamba zrautasUtra -bhASya -vRtti Apastamba gRhyasUtra (kRSNayaju. taitti) - anAkulAvyamAkhyA -haradasamizra - tAtparyadarzana - sudarzanAcArya Apastamba dharmasUtra (kRSNayaju. taiti.) - ujjvalA vyAkhyA Apastamba zulvasUtra (kRSNayaju. - Apastamba Afr.) -bhASya ( paribhASAsUtra) -vyAkhyA satyASADha zrautasUtra (hiraNyakezI kRSNayaju. taitirIya) -vaijayantI - jyossrA - candrikA satyASADha gRhyasUtra - haradatta vAghula (zulva sUtra (kRSNayaju vAghula taitti.) -vyAkhyA - Apastamba - dhUrtasvAmI - rAmAgnicit bhAradvAja zrautasUtra bhAradvAja gRhyasUtra vaikhAnasa zrautasUtra vaikhAnasa gRhyasUtra vaikhAnasa dharmasUtra mAnava zrautasUtra (kR.yaju. maitrAyaNI mAnava gRhyasUtra (--) -bhASya vArAha zrautasUtra vArAha gRhyasUtra mAnava dharmasUtra kAThaka gRhyasUtra (kRSNa yaju. - - - kapardIsvAmI - gopInAtha bhaTTa - mAtRdatta kaTha. zAkhA) laugAkSa gRhyasUtra (--) -bhASya agnivezya gRhyasUtra (kRSNa yaju. kaTha. zAkhA) viSNu dharmasUtra (kRSNa yaju. kaTha. zAkhA) - aSTAvakra 522 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa - devapAla www.kobatirth.org pitRmedhasUtra lATyAyana zrautasUtra (sAma. kauthuma) -mazaka bhASya -vRtti gobhila gRhyasUtra (sAma. kauthuma) - vyAkhyA (bhASya ) -vyAkhyA gobhila pariziSTa (sAma. kauthuma brAhyAyaNa zrautasUtra (sAma. -rANAyanI vyAkhyA -vRtti khAdira gRhyasUtra -vyAkhyA paMcavidha sUtra nidAna sUtra kSudrasUtra (ArSeya kalpa zrIta) jaimini.) pratIhAra sUtra (zrauta - dazatayyA) jaiminIya zrautasUtra (sAma. jaimi.) jaiminIya gRhyasUtra (-"-) gautama dharmasUtra (--) -bhASya zuklayajuH pratizAkhya -bhASya -bhASya sAma pratizAkhya (puSpasUtra) -bhASya -bhASya For Private and Personal Use Only (Daca bhASAmeM anuvAda) (gautama, baudhAyana hiraNyakezI) - lATyAyana - Anandacandra - agnisvAmI - candrakAnta tarkAlaMkAra - rudraskanda, khAdira candrakAnta tarkAlaMkAra - dhanvI - rudraskanda Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - rudraskanda - mazaka, -bhASya vaitAna zrautasUtra (atharva ) vaikhAnasa zrauta (atharvavedIya) AkSepAnuvidhi vyAkhyA kauzika gRhyasUtra (atharva ) -vyAkhyA - dArila " (kezavapaddhati) kezava - maskarI - varadarAja - vasiSTha dharmazAstra vaidika yogasUtra pratizAkhya (vaidika vyAkaraNa) RkprAtizAkhya pArSadasUtra) zaunaka * uvvaTa - kAtyAyana - uvvaTa - anantabhaTTa - puSpa - sAyaNa * ajAtazatru gArgya - somAditya - kauzika - - harizaMkarajozI

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra atharva pratizAkhya taitirIya prAtizAkhya - triratnabhASya - somAcArya - vyAkhyA (vaidikAbharaNa) - gopAlayajvA -bhASya (padakramasadana) mahiSeya - www.kobatirth.org RktaMtram (sAma prAtizAkhya) -vivRtti zaunakIyA caturAdhyAyI pratijJAsUtra bhASika sUtra - kautsa - (zukla yajuH pariziSTa ) prAtizAkhyakA saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 52

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(cha) vaidika pariziSTa (anukramaNI Adi) ArSAnukramaNI devatAnukramaNI chandonukramaNI anuvAkAnukramaNI sUtrAnukramaNI RgavidhAna pAdavidhAna prAtizAkhya (anukramaNI) zaunakasmRti bRhadevatA vedArthadIpikA -bhASya anuvAkAdhyAya pariziSTa jaTAdivikRti lakSaNa -vikRtivallI - zaunaka - zaunaka - SaDmuruziSya - ubvaTa - kAtyAyana - byADI - madhusUdana yati cArAyaNIya maMtrArSAdhyAya upagranthasUtra (gItavicAra) - zaunaka (upalekhagata) (sAma.) paMcavidhasUtra sAma-prakAzana -prItikara trivedI bRhatsarvAnukramaNI (atharva) - zaunaka paMca paTalikA atharvapariziSTa caraNavyUha pariziSTa (atharva) - zaunaka -vRtti -mahidAsa upalekha satra (R.) -zaunaka Rgveda RSi-devatA-chandonukramaNI -saMpAdaka-vizvabandhu mAdhyandina saMhitA padapATha - saMpAdaka-yudhiSThira mImAMsaka taittirIya saMhitA anukramaNikA - saMpAdaka-parazurAma jaiminIya zrautasUtra vRttiH atharvaveda RSi-devatA- -saMpAdaka-vizvabaMdhu chandonukramaNI ArSeyakalpa - varadarAja RgvedAdibhASyabhUmikA-saMgraha - sAyaNa nItimaMjarI - dhAdviveda -bhASya vaidika iNDeks - mekDonela-kItha saMkarSaNakANDa sUtrANi - jaimini sAmavedIya subodhinI paddhati -zivarAma Rgveda kavi.vimarzaH - TI.jI.mAINakara atharvaveda vrAtyakANDa - saMpAdaka saMpUrNAnaMda chandodarzanam - maharSi devarAta -vasiSThAnvaya bhASya -kAvyakaMTha gaNapatimuni zuklayajuHsarvAnukramaNasUtra - kAtyAyana -bhASya -anantadeva zuklayajurvidhAna - anantadeva yajurvedamaMjarI -kAlanAtha pratijJAsUtra pariziSTa -kAtyAyana bhASika pariziSTa sUtra -kAtyAyana aSTAdaza pariziSTa -kAtyAyana yAjuSa sarvAnukramaNI (kRSNayaju -bhASya - anantadeva kANDAnukramaNI ekAgnikANDa? mAdhavIyAnukramaNI -veMkaTamAdhava 524 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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vyAkaraNa pANinIyetaraga kAtaMtra upasargakRtI - candragomI jainendra vyAkaraNa kAtaMtra - zarvavarmA kAtaMtra pariziSTa - zrIpatidatta -vyAkhyA - gopInAtha tarkacaraNa kAtaMtra vRtti -durgasiMha kAMtatra caitrakUTI vRtti - vararuci kAtaMtravRtti TIkA - durgasiMha ___-kAtaMtrapaMjI yA paMjikA - trilocanadAsa kAtantravistara - vardhamAna kAtaMtra bAlabodhinI (vRtti) - jagaddhara kAtaMtra TIkA -kavirAja gaNapradIpa vArarucasaMgraha kAtaMtra dhAtupATha -durgasiMha -manoramA vyAkhyA - ramAnAtha cakravartI dazabala kArikA kavirahasya jainendra(vyAkaraNa) - devanaMdI (pUjyapAda) -mahAvRtti - abhayanaMdI -zabdAmbhojabhAskaranyAsa - prabhAcandracArya - -jainendravRtti - mahAcandra zabdArNava candrikAvRtti - somadevasurI jainendra paribhASA vRtti -kAzInAtha vA. abhyaMkara paMcavastu (prakriyA graMtha) - Arya zrutakIrti jainendraprakriyA - vaMzIdhara zabdArNava prakriyA -guNanaMdI (?) zabdAnuzAsana -malayagiri -vRtti - malayagirI kAtaMtravyAkaraNa prakIrNa mugdhabodha vyAkaraNa mugdhabodha - bopadeva subodhA vyAkhyA - durgAdAsa -vyAkhyA - rAma tarkavAgIza kavikalpadruma (dhAtuviSayaka) - bopadeva vicAracintAmaNi - bopadeva padArtha-nirUpaNa - rAma tarkavAgIza zAkaTAyana (jaina) vyAkaraNa carkarIta rahasya -vyAkhyA SaTkAraka kArikA samAsavAda zabdasAdhya prayoga sAranirNaya kRnmaMjarI kArakollAsa AkhyAta candrikA AkhyAta maMjarI kAtaMtrarUpamAlA liMgAnuzAsana - govinda bhaTTa - ramAnAtha - ramAnAtha - zivarAma zarmA - bharata mallika - bhaTTamalla - zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIrti) zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ciMtAmaNi vRtti -ayodhyA vRtti -vyAkhyA rUpasiddhi (prakriyA grantha) - zarvavarmA - durgasiMha -zAkaTAyana - abhayacandrasari - dayAlapAla muni cAndra vyAkaraNa saMkSiptasAra cAndra vyAkaraNa -vRtti -bAlabodhinI candradhAtupATha - candragomI - dharmadAsa yA candragomI - kazyapa -cakragomI saMkSiptasAra -rasavatIvRtti -vyAkhyA sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa -kramadIzvara -jumaranaMdI - gopIcandra - bhojadeva saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 525 For Private and Personal Use Only

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-hRdayahAriNI vRtti -ratnadarpaNa vyAkhyA -daNDanAtha -rAmasiMhadeva sArasvata vyAkaraNa sArasvata vyAkaraNa - anubhUtisvarUpAcArya -TippaNI -kSemandra -TippaNakhaNDana - dhanezvara sArasvata prakriyA - anubhUti svarUpAcArya -bAlabodhinI vyAkhyA - -caMdrakIrti vyAkhyA -candrakIrti -prasAda vyAkhyA - vAsudeva bhaTTa -mAdhavI vyAkhyA -manoramA vyAkhyA -indumatI vyAkhyA -laghubhASya -zrI sarasvatI siddhAntacandrikA -rAmacandrAzrama -subodhinI vyAkhyA -sadAnanda -tattvadIpikA -lokezakara liMgAnuzAsana - anubhUtisvarUpAcArya avyayArthamAlA uNAdikoSa zabdArtharatna - tArAnAtha tarkavAcaspati Azubodha - tArAnAtha tarkavAcaspati zIghrabodha -zivaprasAda harinAmAmRta -rUpagosvAmI -vyAkhyA - jIvagosvAmI -vyAkhyA - narahari chAtrabodha prayogaratnamAlA -vRtti - puruSottama vidyAvAgIza cAgusUtra -cAMgudAsa prAk-pANinIya kAzakRtsra dhAtupATha -kAzakRtsra pANinIya vyAkaraNa aSTAdhyAyI (aSTaka yA aSTikA - pANini -zlokavArtika - vyAghrabhUti -kAzikA vRtti - vAmanajamAditya -bhASAvRtti - puruSottama deva durghaTavRtti - zaraNadeva -vyAkaraNasiddhAntasudhAnidhi - vizvezvara sUri -bhASAvRtti (saMkalana) - vimalamati -zabdakaustubha - bhaTToji dIkSita -pANinIya mitAkSarA -antambhaTTa -vyAkaraNa dIpikA -zrIrAma bhaTTa -aSTAdhyAyI bhASya - svAmI dayAnandasarasvatI -pANini sUtravyAkhyA - vIrarAghavAcArya -pratyAkhyAnasaMgraha - nAgeza bhaTTa (kAzikAvRtti vyAkhyA) vivaraNanyAsa paMjikA - jinendrabuddhi padamaMjarI -haradatta bhASAvRtyarthavivRti (bhASAvRttivyAkhyAkI TIkA) - sRSTidhara vArtika aura mahAbhASya vArtika pATha - kAtyAyana (vararuci) zlokavArtika - vyAghrabhUti (pAtaMjala) mahAbhASya - pataMjali -pradIpa -kaiyaTa -udyota - nAgeza -udyotana - annambhaTTa -dIpikA - bhartRhari -chAyA (udyotavyAkhyA) - vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDe prakriyA grantha rUpAvatAra - dharmakIrti rUpamAlA - vimalasUri prakriyA kaumudI - rAmacandra supaya vyAkaraNa -padmanAbhadatta - padmanAbhadatta - viSNumizra sapadya paMjikA vyAkhyA makaranda vyAkhyA haima vyAkaraNa siddha haima zabdAnuzAsana -bRhadvRtti -laghvI vRtti -mahA vRtti -bRhatI vRtti -muSTivRtti zabdArNavanyAsa - hemacandra -caMdrasAgara sUri -hemacandra -hemacandra - hemacaMdra - malayagiri -hemacandra dhAtupATha-gaNapATha uNAdi liMgAnuzAsana kSINa sampradAya (vyAkaraNa) dutabodha - bharata sena Azubodha - rAmakiMkara 526/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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- kRSNapaNDita dharmAdhikArI - varadarAja - nAgeza -nAgeza -tilaka - mahAdeva - kauNDabhaTTa - gokulanAtha upAdhyAya - maunI zrIkRSNabhaTTa sajanendra prayoga kalpadruma jIrvANa padamaMjarI laghumaMjUSA paramalaghumaMjUSA -arthadIpikA avyayaviveka nipAtAvyayopasargavRtti upasargavarga padArthadIpikA lakArArtha nirNaya pUrvapANinIyam padavAkya-ratnAkara vRttidIpikA zabdatattva prabodhinI svaramaMjarI zabdamaMjarI sphoTavAda kArakavAdArtha kArakacakra -mAdhavI vyAkhyA kArakacakra jJApaka-samuccaya zabdamaMjarI samAsacakra kArakasamvandhodyota dharmadIpikA -jayakRSNa -nAgeza - bhavAnanda siddhAntavAgIza -prakAza vyAkhyA - zeSakRSNa -prasAda vyAkhyA -viThThala siddhAntakaumudI - bhaTToji dIkSita -tattvabodhinI - jJAnendra sarasvatI -bAlamanoramA - vAsudeva dIkSita tattvadIpikA - rAmAnanda vyAkhyA - giridhara madhyasiddhAnta kaumudI - varadarAja laghusiddhAnta kaumudI - varadarAja prauDhamanoramA (siddhAntakaumudI- - bhaTToji dIkSita vyAkhyA) -zabdaratna -hari dIkSita laghuzabdenduzekhara - nAgeza bhaTTa -candrakalA bRhatzabdenduzekhara -nAgezabhaTTa -bhairavI - bhairava mizra -dIpaka - ma.ma.nityAnaMda paMta parvatIya --viSamasthalavAkyavRtti prauDha manoramAkhaNDana - cakrapANidatta manoramA kucamardana (nI) -paNDitarAja jagannAtha prakaraNa evaM prakIrNa apANinIyapramANatA - nArAyaNa bhaTTa vAkyapadIya - bhartRhari -prakAza - puNyarAja -prakIrNaprakAza - helArAja -svopajJavRtti - bhartRhari -svopajJavRttivyAkhyA - vRSabhadeva sphoTasiddhi - bharatamizra sphoTasiddhi - maNDanamizra -gopAlikAvyAkhyA -RSiputra paramezvara sphoTatattvanirUpaNa prAtipAdika saMjJAvAda sphoTasiddhi nyAyavikAra sphoTacandrikA - zrIkRSNabhaTTa vAkyavAda vAkyadIpikA vaiyAkaraNa bhUSaNa kArikA - bhaTTojidIkSita vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra - kauNDabhaTTa -kAzikA -darpaNa - harivallabha -bRhad vaiyAkaraNa bhUSaNa - kauNDabhaTTa vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta maMjUSA -nAgeza bhaTTa -kuMjikAvyAkhyA - durbalAcArya -kalA vyAkhyA - vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDe - puruSottama deva - puruSottama deva -vRtti gaNapAThasaMbaMdhI grantha gaNapATha (prAtipadika gaNapATha) - pANini gaNaratnamahodadhi - vardhamAna gaNaratnAvalI - yajJezvarabhaTTa dhAtupAThasaMbaMdhI grantha dhAtupATha - pANini -kSIrataraMgiNI -kSIrasvAmI dhAtuvRtti -sAyaNa -dhAtupradIpa - maitreya dIkSita -deva -daivavyAkhyA puruSakAra - kRSNalIlAzuka kavirahasya -halAyudha auSThya kArikA dhAturUpabheda -dazabala dhA varadarAja kriyAkalApa - vidyAnanda kriyA-paryAyadIpikA . - vIrapANDaya kriyAkoza - rAmacandra saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 527 For Private and Personal Use Only

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-auNAdika padArNava -uNAdikoSa vyAkhyA vRtti -perusUri - rAmazarmA - zivarAma - jayAnanda sarasvatI paribhASA grantha paribhASAvRtti paribhASenduzekhara - puruSottama deva -sIradeva - nAgeza bhaTTa - tAtyAzAstrI paTavardhana - gaNapatizAstrI mokATe -bhUti -tattvaprakAzikA (bhUtivyAkhyA) -vijayA -laghujaTAjUTa -gadA vyAkhyA -bhairavI" -vAkyArthacandrikA - jayadeva mizra - raghunAthazAstrI bhAradvAja prayuktAkhyAnamaMjarI -sAraMga liMgAnuzAsanasaMbandhI grantha liMgAnuzAsana sUtra - pANini liMgAnuzAsana - harSavardhana -bhairavI vyAkhyA - bhairava mizra -vyAkhyA - tArAnArtha tarkavAcaspati -savalakSaNa vyAkhyA - pRthivIdhara liMgAnuzAsana (liMgavizeSa - vararuci vidhi) ___ -svopajJa vRtti - vararUci liMgAnuzAsana - vAmana svopajJavRtti - vAmana liMgabodha vyAkaraNa liMgavacana vicAra - dInabandhu liGagAnuzAsana - abhinava zAkaTAyana (svopajJa) liGgAnuzAsana - hemacandra (jaina) -svopajJavRtri liGgAdisaMgraha TippaNI - rAmanAtha vidyAvAcaspati (kAtaMtra) liGgAnuzAsana - padmanAtha datta liGgAnuzAsana vRttyuddhAra - jamAnakasUrI liGganirNaya bhUSaNa -tIpurI liMgAnuzAsana - durgasiMha liMgAnuzAsanavarga uNAdisUtra uNAdi sUtrANi - pANini -vyAkhyA - zvetavanavAsI -dazapAdI vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA - ujjva la datta nijavinoda vyAkhyA -mahAdeva vedAntI -bhairava mizra - kAzInAtha zAstrI abhyaMkara - nIlakaNTha bAjapeyI - zeSAdrinAtha - nandikezvara - upamanyu - mukundazarmA paribhASAsaMgraha paribhASAvRtti paribhASA bhAskara varNaviSayaka grantha kAzikA -vyAkhyA phiTsUtra phiTsUtrANi -vyAkhyA svarasiddhAntacandrikA (svarasUtravyAkhyA) kovidAnanda gairikasUtra -zantanu -jayakRSNa - zrInivAsa yajvA -AzAdhara bhaTTa - gaGgArAma jaDI 528 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra chandaH sUtra -vRtti chandonuzAsana chandazUDAmaNi chando'nuzAsana chandaH chandomaMjarI - vyAkhyA jIvAnandI "" chandoviciti (janAvI) vRttaratnAkara -nArAyaNI vyAkhyA -paMjikA " - tAtparyaTIkA " -sukavihRdayAnAndinI - chandovRtti jagadvijayacchandaH vANIbhUSaNa vRttaratnAvalI -vyAkhyA vRttavArtika zrutabodha nemiraMga ratnAkara kavidarpaNa vRttajAtisamuccaya 34 vAgvallabha chandoviMzatikA vRtta muktAvalI svayaMbhU chanda chandaH kaumudI chandovindaNDana bRhaddezI saMgItamakarandaH saMgItadAmodara saMgItaravAkara -saMgItasudhA -vyAkhyA - piMgalAcArya - halAyudha - hemacandra - hemacandra - jayakIrti - jayadeva - gaMgAdAsa - jIvAnaMnda vidyAsAgara - jayadeva - janAzraya - bhaTTa kedAra - nArAyaNa bhaTTa - dAmodara mizra - veMkaTeza -rAmapANivAda - kAlidAsa - lAvaNyasamaya - virahAMka - duHkha bhaMjanakavi - zrIkRSNa bhaTTa - bhaTTa candrazekhara - svayaMbhU - nArAyaNazAstrI khiste saMgItazAstra - mataGga - - nArada - zubhaMkara - zAGgadeba - ziMgabhUpAla - somanAtha www.kobatirth.org chaMdaH zAstra rAga-vibodha abhinavabharatasArasaMgraha saMgItadarpaNam rAgataraMgiNI saMgItapArijAta nRtyasaMgraha dattilam saMgItopaniSatsArodvAra rAgatattvavivodha sarasvatIhRdayAlaMkAra bharatArNava saMgItasudhAkara paMcamasArasaMhitA dattila kohalIyam koilamatam AMjaneya-saMhitA saMgItarAja (pAThyaratnapravezA) nRttaratnAvalI saMgItasArAmRtam omApatam abhinayaprakAzikA saMgItasamayasAra zAradIyam saMgItaratnAvalI svaramela kalAvidhi zambhurAjIyam AnandasaMjIvanam saMgItAloka saMgItamuktAvalI saMgIta-dIpikA nRtyAdhyAya nRtyaprakAza saMgItacintAmaNi saMgItamuktAvalI nRtyaratnakoza saMgraha cUDAmaNi aMkagaNita For Private and Personal Use Only - somanAtha - cikkabhUpAla - dAmodara (catura dAmodara) - locana paNDita - ahobala - dattila - vAmanAcArya sudhAkalaza - zrInivAsa - nAnyadeva - nAndikezvara - haripAla - nArada - kohala * AMjaneya -kIlasena mahArANA kumbharAja Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - jayasenApati - taMjauranareza tulajAdeva - gopInAtha - pArzvadeva - - zAradAtanaya - somarAja - bhaTTamAdhava - azoka - vipradAsa -vema - revaNabhaTTa - kumbharAja - goviMdAcArya jyotiSazAstra (gaNita, phalita, siddhAnta) - nRsiMha bApUdevAzAstrI saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 529 - rAmAmAtya - paNDitamaNDalI - madanapAla - bhuvanAnanda - devendrabhaTTa -

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- ballAlasena - mukundavallabha - AryabhaTa - nIlakaNTha somasuta - bhAskarAcArya - kRSNadaivajJa - brahRdeva - devarAja - kezava - sItArAma jhA - nRsiMha bApUdeva - sudAjI bApU adbhutasAgara ahibalacakram arghamArtaNDa AryabhaTIyam -bhASya karaNakutUhalam karaNakaustubha karaNaprakAza kuTTAkAraziromaNi kezavIyajAtaka paddhati ___ -vyAkhyA aSTAdaza vicitra praznasaMgraha AdiroghaprakAza kheTakautukam gaNakataraMgiNI gaNitakaumudI gaNitasiddhAntakaumudI gaurIjAtaka (ArSa) golaprakAza golIma rekhAgaNitam grahaNanyAyadIpikA grahaNamaNDanam grahaNamaNDanam grahalAghavam -vyAkhyA -" (sudhAmaMjarI) - sudhAkara dvivedI - nArAyaNa paNDita -nIlAmbarazarmA - sudhAkara dvivedI - paramezvara ---"-- - sudhAkara dvivedI - gaNeza daivajJa - vizvanAtha - sudhAkara dvivedI -vyAkhyA - haribhAnu jaiminIyasUtram -vyAkhyA (tattvAdarza) jyotirviveka jyautiSa kalpadruma (muhUrta pArijAta) tAjikanIlakaNThI - nIlakaNTha -jaladagarjanA vyAkhyA -zizubodhinI - mAdhava (nIlakaNThapautra) -sabhAvivekavRtti tAjaka paddhati - kezava jAtakabhUSaNam - gaNeza daivajJa tithi cintAmaNi (bRhad) - gaNeza devajJa --"-- (laghu) trikoNamiti - nRsiMha bApUdeva dIrghavRttalakSaNam - sudhAkara dvivedI dRksiddha paMcAMga nirmANa paddhati - gaNapati devazAstrI daivajJakAmadhenu daivajJAbharaNam - zrInivAsazAstarI deva keralam (candrakalA nADI) - acyuta dIrghavRttalakSaNam - sudhAkara dvivedI dvicaracAra dharAbhrama dharAcakra narapatijayacarcA (svarodaya) - narapati jaina -subodhinI vyAkhyA - gaNezadatta -jayalakSmI vyAkhyA - hariveza -vyAkhyA - narahari -vyAkhyA - bhUdhara -vyAkhyA -rAmanAtha nAradIsaMhitA (ArSa) nAhnidatta paMcaviMzatikA paMcasiddhAntikA - varAhamihira -prakAzavyAkhyA - sudhAkara dvivedI patrImArga pradIpikA (varSadIpaka)phalita mArtaNDa - mukundavallabha prazna-kaumudI -nIlakaNTha prAcIna jyotiSAcAryAzayavarNanam - nRsiMha bApUdeva bIjagaNitam -bhAskarAcArya -bIjanavAMkura vyAkhyA -kRSNa daivajJa -subodhinI - jIvanAtha daivajJa bRhajjAtakam -vyAkhyA - anantadeva bRhatpArAzara horAzAstram grahaNAMkajAla - dinakara __ -grahavijJAnasAriNI -aneka lekhaka camatkAra cintAmaNi calanakalana - sudhAkara dvivedI calanakalanasiddhAnta - nRsiMha bApUdeva cApIya trikoNamiti chAdaka nirNaya -kRSNa daivajJa jAtaka kroDa jAtaka paddhati - bhUdeva -vyAkhyA kezava jAtaka paddhati - zrIpati -mahAdevI vyAkhyA - mahAdeva -nIlakaNThI - nIlakaNTha jAtaka pArijAta -sudhAzAlinI vyAkhyA -baidyanAtha dIkSita jAtakAbharaNam - dhuNDirAja jAtakAlaMkAra pIla 530 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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(ArSa) bRhatsaMhitA - varAhamihira -vivRti - bhaTTotpala brahmasphuTa siddhAnta - brahmagupta -vyAkhyA - pRthUdaka -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA -amararAja -vyAkhyA -balabhadra bRhad vimAnazAstram - bharadvAja bhaMgIvibhaMgI karaNam -raMganAthabhaTTa bRhad daivajJa raMjanam bhAvakutUhalam bhAvaprakAza - jIvanAtha daivajJa __ -bhAskarabIja vyAkhyA bhAbhramarekhAnirupaNa -sudhAkara dvivedI bhAsvatI -zatAnanda -vyAkhyA sattvaprakAzikA- rAmakRSNa (aneka vyAkhyAe~) RgusaMhitA (ArSa) makaranda - makaranda -sAriNI - gokulanAtha daivajJa -vyAkhyA - nIlakaNTha -vivaraNa -divAkara mAnasAgarI mAnasollAsa - bhUlokamalla somezvara -abhilaSitArtha cintAmaNi muhUrta kalpadruma - viThThala dIkSita muhUrta gaNapati mukunda paddhati muhUrta cintAmaNi - rAma daivajJa (bhaTTa) -pramitAkSarA -pIyUSadhArA - govinda daivajJa muhUrtatattvam -kezava -vyAkhyA - gaNeza daivajJa muhUrta dIpaka muhUrta mArtaNDa -nArAyaNa -mArtaNDa prakAzikA -mArtaNDavallabha yaMtrarAja - mahendrasUri yogabhAtrA yoginIjAtakam ratnamAlA - zrIpati -mahAdevI vyAkhyA - mahAdeva -vyAkhyA -mAdhava ratnagarbhAcakram ratnAbharaNam ramalacintAmaNi ramalanavaratnam rekhAgaNitam laghujAtakam - varAhamihira -saMskRta vyAkhyA -bhaTTotpala -vyAkhyA -ananta daivajJa laghupArAzarI -uDudAmapradIpa -mukundavallabha madhyapArAzarI lagnavArAhI - varAhamihira lIlAvatI - bhAskarAcArya -buddhivilAsinI - gaNeza daivajJa -bhUSaNa - dhanezvara -vivaraNa - mahIdhara -manoraMjanA - rAmakRSNadeva -kriyAkramakarma - zaMkaranArAyaNa -vAsanA -dAmodara -aMkAmRtasAgarI - gaMgAdhara (yA lakSmIdhara) (gaNitAmRtasAgarI) -amRtakUpikA - sUrya paNDita -gaNitAmRtakUpikA -sUryadAsa -gaNitAmRtalaharI - rAmakRSNa laghuzaGkucchinna kSetraguNa - nRsiMha bApUdeva zAstrI lauha golakhaNDanam - raMganAtha daivajJa lauha gola samarthanam - gadAdhara daivajJa vaTezvara siddhAnta - vaTezvarAcArya vAstavacandrazRGgonnati sAdhanam - sudhAkara dvivedI vicitra prazna, sabhaMga vAstu ratnAvalI lomazasaMhitA-bhAvaphalAdhyAya zIghrabodha zivajAtaka vivAha vRndAvana - gaNeza daivajJa __-vyAkhyA - gaNeza daivajJa vyavahArasArasvata - gopItanaya SaTpaMcAzikA -vyAkhyA - bhaTTotpala - kezava - jayasiMha deva - Arya bhaTTa yaMtrarAjaracanA Arya siddhAnta utpAtalakSaNam ulkAlakSaNa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 531 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra samarasAra -vyAkhyA sAyanavAda siddhAntatattvaviveka -TippaNI sArAvalI siddhAntadarpaNam golasAra jyotiSasiddhAntasaMgraha taMtrasaMgraha pracaNDezvara siddhAntaziromaNi -siddhAnta dIpikA - siddhAntamaMjarI - mitabhASiNI -siddhAntasUryodaya - - rAma vAjapeyI - bharata - nRsiMha bApUdeva - kamalAkara bhaTTa - sudhAkara dvivedI, muralIdhara - kalyANavarme - gArgya kerala nIlakaNTha - nIlakaNTha somayAjI www.kobatirth.org - nIlakaNTha somayAjI - rAmakRSNa daivajJa - * bhAskarAcArya - paramAdIzvara - raGganAtha - gopInAtha 532 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa (golAdhyAya) -sudhArasakaraNa caSaNa (golAdhyAya) For Private and Personal Use Only -sUryaprakAza - ziromaNiprakAza (golAdhyAya) -vAsanAkalpalatA (vArtika) skandazArIrakam - kiraNAbalI siddhAnta sArvabhauma hasta saMjIvanam horAzAstrama Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir -vAsanA bhASya -mArIcibhASya - lakSmIdAsa -gaNitatattva cintAmaNi -dAbhaTTa -apUrva prakAzikA - bhuNDirAja - sUryadAsa - gaNeza - nRsiMha hira

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pariziSTa (gha) Ayurveda zAstragraMtha caraka-saMhitA -carakAcArya -AyurvedadIpikA - cakrapANidatta -cikitsA TippaNa -jalpakalpataru - gaGgAcara -carakanyAsa - bhaTTAra haricanda -nirantaparavyAkhyA -jejjaTa -paMjikA - kumArasvAmI -carakopaskAra - yogIndranAthasena -vyAkhyA tattvapradIpikA - zivadAsasena suzruta saMhitA - suzruta -nibandhasaMgraha - DalhaNa -bhAnumatI - cakrapANidatta -saMdIpana bhASya - taruNacandra cakravartI nyAyacandrikA - gayadAsa (paMjikA) -vyAkhyA - jejjaTa nAvanItakasaMhitA -suzruta bhela-saMhitA -bhela kAzyapa-saMhitA -kAzyapa hArIta-saMhitA - hArIta aSTAMgahRdayasaMhitA - vAgbhaTa -sarvAMgasundarA - aruNadatta -zAzalekhA - indu -padArthacandrikA -candranandana -tattvabodha -zivadAsasena -AyurvedarasAyana - hemAdri -vyAkhyA -rAmanAtha aSTAMgasaMgraha saMhitA - vAgbhaTa -zazilekhA -vyAkhyA - hemAdri zALdhara-saMhitA - zALdhara -dIpikA - ADhamalla -gUDhArthadIpikA -kAzIrAma bhaTTAra-saMhitA - bhaTTAra haricandra Ayurveda suSeNa-saMhitA aMjana-nidAnam -aMjanAcArya indukoSa vaidyavallabha - zArgadhara tattvacandrikA -zivadAsasena vaidya-pradIpa -bhaNyadatta siddhayoga - vRndakunda yogaciMtAmaNi - zrIharSa yogataraMgiNI - trimallabhaTTa vaidyajIvanam -lolimbarAja -vyAkhyA - jJAnadeva -vijJAnAnandakarI -prayAgadatta bAlatantram -kalyANabhaTTa prayogaratnAkara -kavikaNThahAra vedhaka-ratnAvalI - kavicandra yogasamuccaya - gaNapati kAlajJAnam - zambhunAtha dravyaguNam -gopAla -dIpikA - kRSNadatta nADI-vijJAnam - kaNAda auSadhaprakAra - kRSNabhaTTa vaidyaratnam - kedArabhaTTa mAdhavanidAnam - mAdhavakara -madhukoza - vijayarakSita -rugavinizcaya - bhavAnIsahAya yogaratnAkara - kezavasena cikitsAsArasaMgraha -khemarAja yogaratnAvalI - gaGgAdhara yogaratnamAlA - nAgArjuna -laghuvivRti - zvetAmbara bhikSu guNAkara zarIra vinizcayAdhikAra - gaGgArAma yoga (sAra) samuccaya - gaNapati vyAsa vaidyasAra-samuccaya cikitsAmRtam - gaNeza bhiSak rugU-viniScayArtha-prakAzikA - " yoga-cintAmaNi cakradatta cikitsAsaMgraha - cakrapANidatta -tattvacandrikA - zivadAsa -cikitsAsArasaMgraha - vaMgasena -ratnaprabhA -nizcalekara vaidyaprasAraka - gadAdharadAsa yogAmRtam - gopAladAsa yogacintAmaNi - gorakSamizra lohapradIpa - tribikramadeva sannipAtamaMjarI - govindAcArya rasendrasArasaMgraha saMskRta vAGmaya koza-graMthakAra khaNDa/533 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra - gUDhArthasaMdIpikA sarvasArasaMgraha vaidyakoSa dravyaguNasaMgraha -vyAkhyA candrasAroddhAra yogaratnasamuccaya jvaratimira bhAskara prayogAmRtam yogasaMgraha savaidyakaustubha bAlabhRtyam yogaratnAkara vyAdhyargala cikitsAkalikA -vyAkhyA yogasAra yogasaMgraha vaidyacintAmaNi vivRti dhAturatnamAlA nighaNTu madanapAlanighaNTu vaMgasena pArada - saMhitA kAkacaNDIzvarakalpataMtram kaiyadeva nighaNTu kvAtha maNimAlA gadanigraha bhAvaprakAza madhumatI rAjanighaNTu yogamaMjarI ArogyamaMjarI vaidya paribhASA tridoSavijJAnam vaidyacintAmaNi paryAyArNava (vaidyakoSa) tridoSasaMgraha bhaiSajyasArAmRtasaMhitA vaidyadarpaNam dravyaguNazAstram nADI parIkSA - aMbikAdattazAstrI - cakrapANidatta - nizcalekara - candara - dhanvantari - madanapAla - (madanavinoda vighaNTu) - baMgasena - - cAmuNDakAyastha - cintAmaNi vaidya - jagannAtha vaidya - janArdana sena - jIvaka - nArAyaNa zekhara - jJAnadeva - tIsara - candara - AdinAtha - tulasIdAsa - dalapati - - devadatta - kaiyadeva - vaidya soDala - bhAvamizra - narasiMha kavirAja - narahari - nAgArjuna - nArAyaNadAsa vaidya - nArAyaNa bhaTTa - nIlakaNTha mizra www.kobatirth.org - prANanAtha 534 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa -go. A. phaDake - mArkaNDeya kavIndra paMcabhUtavijJAnam gandhazAstram sannipAtacandrikA pratyakSazArIram vaidyapradIpa -vyAkhyA kumAra bhArgavIyam lohasarvasvam tattvakarNikA harItakyAdinighaNTu (bhAvaprakAzanighaNTu) guNaratnamAlA vaidyabodhasaMgraha yogAMjanam vRttaratnAvalI vaidyastramAlA kalpataru yogazatakam AyurvedaprakAza paryAyaratnamAlA kUTamudgara ratnAvalI mugdhabodhA jvarAdirogacikitsA vaidyavilAsa ajIrNamaMjarI siddhasAra ratnamAlA rAjavallabha paryAyamAlA rAjavallabhIya dravya-guNam kanakasiMha prakAza kanakasiMhavilAsa vaidyavinoda -vyAkhyA vaidyamana utsava prayogacintAmaNi nADI parIkSA arthaprakAza bAlacikitsA nADI parIkSA vaMgasena yogamuktAvalI vaidyacintAmaNi vaidyavallabha - upendranAtha dAsa - bhavadeva bhaTTa - gaNanAtha sena * bhavyadatta deva - uddhava mizra - bhAnudatta - surezvara * bhAratakarNa * bhAvamizra - bhImasena - maNirAma - mallinAtha - madanasiMha - mAdhava upAdhyAya - mAdhavakara - mAdhavadeva - mAdhavasena - lolimbarAja - kAzInAtha - ravigupta - rAjavallabha -rAmakRSNa vaidyarAja - rAmanAtha vaidya - zivAnanda - rAmamANikya sena - rAmarAja - rAvaNa - vaMgasena - vallabhadeva - vallabhendra

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- vAnarAcArya -bAbhaTAcArya -vAmana - acyuta goNikA putra - bindunAtha - vIrasiMha -kezava -bopadeva -bopadeva - zaMkarasena - zAgadhara bAlabodha vaidyasaMhitA (vAbhaTasaMhitA) vAmana-nighaNTu Ayarveda-prakAza bindusAra (viMdusaMgraha) vIrasiMhAvaloka siddhamaMtranighaNTu -prakAza zatazlokI hRdayadIpa-nighaNTu vidyAvinodasaMhitA nADI-prakAza paryAyazabda maMjarI dhAtumaMjarI vaidyavallabha saMjJAsamuccaya Ayurvedamahodadhi soDhalanighaNTu cArucaryA rAjamArtaNDa agadataMtram (kAzyapasaMhitAntargata) kalyANakAraka cikitsAkarmakalpavallI dravyaguNazatakam pathyApathyam vaidyakalpadruma vaidyavallabha vaidyottaMsa AyurvedasUtram -yogadAnandabhASya basavarAjIyam bhaiSajyaratnAvalI Anandakanda siddhAntanidAnam laMkA bhaiSajya maNimAlA svasthavRttasamuccaya -zivadatta mizra - sukhalatA -soDhala - bhojarAja -kAzyapa napuMsaka-saMjIvanI nADItattvadarzanam (dUtanADIvijJAnam) rasasaMgraha siddhAnta rasezvarasiddhAnta rasacintAmaNi rasaratnAkara rasendracUDAmaNi rasaratnasamuccaya -saralArtha prakAzinI rasadIpikA rasakaumudI rasendracintAmaNi rasendrasArasaMgraha -arthavIthikA rasakaMkAlIyam rasarAja mahodadhi rasasAra -saMgraha rasaratnAvalI rasahRdayam ___-mugdhAvabodhinI rasagovinda rasasaMketakalikA rasAdhyAya rasendracintAmaNi divyarasendrasAra rasayogamuktAvalI rasaratnAkara rasendramaMgalam nAgArjunasiddhAnta rasacandrikA rasamuktAvalI rasapradIpa rasenubhAskara rasanakSatramAlikA rasapaddhati AyurvedarasazAstra rasAyana prakaraNam rasaprakAza-sudhAkara rasendrakalpadruma rasendracintAmaNi rasaratnAkara rasapArijAta - ugrAditya - kAzIrAma caturvedI -cimalla bhaTTa -vizvanAtha kavirAja - raghunAthaprasAda - hastiruci - rAjasundara - anantadeva sUri - AdinAtha (nityanAtha) -somadeva -vAgbhaTa (nityanAtha) -cintAmaNi zAstrI - AnandAnubhava - mAdhava - rAmacandra -gopAlakRSNabhaTTa - rAmasena - kaMkAlayogI - kApAlI - govindAcArya - gaMgAdhara -gurudattasiMha - govindabhikSu - caturbhuja mizra - govindarAma sena - cAmuNDa kAyastha - jayadeva -duNDhukanAtha - ghanapati - narahari - nAgArjuna - nAgArjuna -nAgArjuna - nIlAmbara - nRpasUnuvaidya -prANanAtha - bhAskarabhaTTa - mathanasiMha -bindu - mAdhavakara - merutuMgasUri - yazodhara - rAmakRSNabhaTTa - rAmacandradAsa -rAmacandradAsa - rAmacandradAsa - basavarAja - govindadAsa - bhairava - gaNanAtha sena - AryadAsakumArasiMha - vaidya rAjezvara datta aMjananidAnam anupAtradarpaNam Atmasarvasvam AyurvedaprakAza AsavAriSTasaMgraha kAkacaNDIzvarakalpataMtram - somadeva saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 535 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rasakadamba rasendraparibhASA rasendracUDAmaNi rasakAmadhenu rasacaNDAMzu rasarAjasundara gajAyurveda hatyAyurveda (hastizAstram) - vallabhadeva - somadeva -somadeva - cUDAmaNi vaidya - dattAtreya -dattarAma go-vaidyaka - kIrtivarmA azvavaidyaka -jayadatta azvavaidyaka -dIpaMkara zAlihotrataMtra (azvacikitsA) - zAgadhara turaMgaparIkSA -zAGgira zAlihotrasaMhitA - zAlihotra zAlihotrasAra samuccaya -kalhaNa mAtaMgalIlA -kalhaNa -pAlakApya 536/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vizvakarmaprakAzam maMtrasarvasvam zrIrArNaya aparAjitApRcchA zilpaprakAza kAzyapa zilpam-mahezvaropadiSTam - kAzyapa vAstuvidyA manuSyAlayacandrikA mayamatam zilparalam yuktikalpataru samarAGgaNasUtradhAra mAnasAra pratimAmAnalakSaNam samyakasubuddhabhASita pratimA lakSaNam mayavAstu (mayamatAgamaH ) abhilASitArthacintAmaNi gRhavAstupradIpa prAsAdamaNDanam rUpamaNDanam aumApatam dIpAya vAstunirNaya vAstuprakAza vAstutattvam vAstupradIpa vAstucandrikA vAsturatnAvalI vAstuziromaNi vAstu sarvasva saMgraha prAsAdamaMjarI pramANamaMjarI vizvakarmavAstuzAstram gRharatnabhUSaNam (nUtanavAstuprabandha) vAstu-prabodha - vizvakarmA - bharadvAja - vizvakarmA - bhuvanadevAcArya - rAmacandra kaulacara vAsturatnAkara vAstupratiSThAsaMgraha - maya - zrIkumAra - bhojadeva - mAnasAra - Atreya - maMDana ---"-- - gajapatiziSya - kRpArAma - jIvanAtha daivaja - zaMkara - nAthajI - sUtradhAramalla -rAmezvaradattazarmA www.kobatirth.org pariziSTa (Ga) vAstu- sthApatyazAstragraMtha prakIrNa- (ka) pAkakalA pAkadarpaNam (nalapAka) bhojanakutUhalam kSemakutuhalam (svastha va pAkavicAra) pAka-pradIpa pAkaratnAkara pAkAvalI puSTiprakAza kRSividyA udyAnazAstram upavanavinoda (zAMgadhara paddhati zAGgadhara antargata) kRSiparAzara dhanurvedasaMhitA kodaNDamaNDana dhanurveda auzanasadhanurveda ratnaparIkSA ratnaparIkSA ratnadIpikA ratnazAstram citrasUtram (viSNudharmottarapurANAntargata) kAmasUtram ratirahasyam ratirahasyam (kokasAra) anaGgaraMga - nalarAja - raghunAthasUri - kSemarAja - citralakSaNa sArasvatIya citrakarmazAstram - jayamaGgalA For Private and Personal Use Only dhanurveda - vasiSTha ratnavidyA - sampA. naraharinAtha - uzAnA citrakalA - IzvaradIkSita - smRtisArAntargatA - caNDezvara, budhabhaTTa - vedavyAsa - mAnajit kAmazAstra Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - vAtsyAyana - yazodhara - kAMcInAtha - kokaka (kokadeva) kAmakuMjalatA (mInAnAtha, bharata - surukhA, daivajJasUrya Adi dvAdaza kAmapradIpa ratimaMjarI - kalyANamalla rAjarSiviracita) - guNAkara vaidya - jayadeva saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 537

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ratizAstram - nAgArjuna -smaratattva prakAzikA - rebaNArAdhya nAgarikasarvasvam - padmazrIjJAna ratiratnapradIpikA - prauDha devarAja kAmakutUhalam kucimArataMtram paMcasAyaka - jyotirIzvara kelikutUhalam - mathurAnAtha dIkSita kokazAstram - narbudAcArya narmakelikautuka saMvAda - daNDI madanasandeza - arunda nAgarasarvasvam kuTTinImatam - dAmodarakavi gaNikAvRttasaMgraha pariziSTa (ca) purANa mahApurANa matsyapurANa -vedavyAsa svalpa matsyapurANa bhaviSyapurANa bhaviSyottarapurANa brahmapurANa brahmavaivartapurANa brahmANDapurANa vAyupurANa viSNupurANa -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA vAmanapurANa vArAhapurANa agnipurANa nAradIyapurANa padmapurANa liMgapurANa -zivatoSiNI garuDapurANa kUrmapurANa skandapurANa zrImadbhAgavata bhAgavata kI pramukha vyAkhyAeM bhAvArthadIpikA -zrIdharasvAmI anvitArtha prakAzikA cUrNikA subodhinI -vallabhAcArya harilIlAmRta - bopadeva muktAphala - bopadeva devIbhAgavata - vedavyAsa -vyAkhyA - nIlakaNTha zivapurANa zivadharmapurANa zivadharmottarapurANa vahnipurANa ekAgrapurANa svataMtra purANAMza kAzIkhaNDa (skandapurANAntargata) kedArakhaNDa (skandapurANAntargata) himavatkhaNDa (skandapurANAntargata) revAkhaNDa (skandapurANAntargata) satyanArAyaNa vratakathA (skanda.revA.) (baMgAlI prata) kriyAyogasAra (padmapurANAntargata) rAsa-paMcAdhyAyI (zrImadbhAgavatAntargata) gopIgItam (zrImadbhAgavatAntargata) kaumudIvyAkhyA puruSottama-mAhAtmya lalitopAkhyAna lalitA-sahasranAma saptazatI (mArkaNDeya purANAntargata) -guptavatI -bhAskararAya -vyAkhyA - nAgeza bhaTTa -vyAkhyA (caturdharI) -caturdharamizra -vyAkhyA (zAntanavI - zantanu cakravartI -devIbhASya -paMcAnana tarkaratna -vyAkhyA - gopAla cakravartI -jagaccandracandrikA -bhagIratha -saptazatI-daMzodhdAra - rAjArAma upapurANa bRhaddharmapurANa bRhannAradIyapurANa devIpurANa kAlikApurANa sAmbapurANa gaNezapurANa kaklipurANa narasiMhapurANa sUtasaMhitA viSNudharmottara mahAbhAgavatapurANa 538 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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parAzarapurANa auzanasapurANa AtmapurANa sUryapurANa (saura purANa) mallapurANa purANasaMhitA purANa-jAtIya graMtha pazupatipurANa garga-saMhitA yugapurANa nIlamatapurANa bhAradvAjasaMhitA kaivalI maMjunAtha mAhAtmya nepAlamAhAtmya itihAsagraMtha vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa - vAlmIki -dharmAkUtam (vyAkhyA - tryambakarAya makhI -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA anyAnya rAmAyaNa graMtha mUlarAmAyaNam rAmAzvamegha bhuzuNDirAmAyaNa adbhutarAmAyaNa agniveza rAmAyaNa adhyAtma rAmAyaNa yogavAsiSTha -vyAkhyA - Anandabodhendu AnandarAmAyaNa mahAbhArata bhAratabhAvadIpa (TIkA) - nIlakaNTha -vyAkhyA -devabodha -dIpikA -arjunamizra -durghaTArthaprakAzinI - vimalabodha (viSamazlokI) -bhAratArthaprakAza -sarvajJa nArAyaNa -lakSAbharaNa (lakSAlaMkAra) - vAdirAja tIrtha -vyAkhyA - caturbhuja mizra mahAbhAratAntargata pramukha graMtha (virATaparvamAtra) - rAmakRSNa harivaMza -nIlakaNThI - nIlakaNTha jaiminIyAzvamegha sanatsujAtIya - gauDapAda, zaMkarAcArya -vyAkhyA viSNusahastranAma -zAMkarabhASya - zaMkarAcArya -vivRti - tAraka brahmAnanda zrImadbhagavadgItA -bhASya - zaMkarAcArya -bhASyavyAkhyA -AnandagirI -subodhinI - zrIdhara -vyAkhyA - abhinavagupta -vyAkhyA - rAmakRSNa -vyAkhyA - nIlakaNTha -gUDhArthadIpikA - madhusUdana sarasvatI -gUDhArtha tattvAloka -baccA jhA -advaitAMkuza -paizAca bhASya -sarvatobhadra vyAkhyA - rAjAnaka rAmakavi -zaMkarAnandI -zaMkarAnanda -bhASya (viziSTAdvaita)- rAmAnujAcArya -tAtparyacandrikA (rAmAnujabhASya -veMkaTanAtha gItAtattvAmRta -viSNutIrtha -gItArthasaMgraha - bAladhanvI jaggU veMkaTAcArya -(zAMkara) bhASyotkarSadIpikA -amRtavarSiNI bhagavadAzayAnusAraNAbhidhAna -bhAskarAcArya (bhASya) anyAnya gItAe~ aSTAvakragItA IzvaragItA uttaragItA -vyAkhyA -gauDapAdAcArya uddhavagItA gaNezagItA -nIlakaNThI vyAkhyA gopIgItA -vyAkhyA paMcadazIgItA pANDavagItA rAmagItA gurugItA -vyAkhyA viSNugItA saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /539 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saptazatI gItA saMnyAsa gItA sUrya gItA sanatsujArIya gItA -kAlikA vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA zaktigItA jIvanmuktigItA avadhUtagItA haMsagItA rAsagItA gItAsAra pitRgItA pRthivIgItA saptazlokIgItA parAzaragItA zAntigItA zivagItA -vyAkhyA tulasI gItA gArbha gItA vaiSNava gItA yamagItA hAritagItA zambhugItA bhagavatI gItA dhIzagItA caturviMza gItA zramagItA - zrI. bhA. varNekara saMghagItA - zrI. bhA. varNekara grAmagItAmRtam - zrI. bhA. varNekara itihAsa-purANa prakaraNa grantha bhAgavata khaNDanam - svA. dayAnanda sarasvatI aSTAdaza purANa vyAkhyA - kAzInAtha bhaTTa mahAbhAratatattvadIpa - vArANasI subrahmaNyazAstrI 540/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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pariziSTa - (cha) smRtigrantha pitAmahasmRtiH jAbAlismRti nAciketasmRti skandasmRti laugAkSismRti kAzyapasmRti vyAsasmRtiH sanatkumArasmRtiH zantanusmRti janakasmRtiH vyAghrasmRtiH kAtyAyanasmRti jAtukarNyasmRtiH kapiMjalasmRti baudhAyanasmRtiH sumantusmRtiH paiThInasI smRtiH gobhilasmRtiH -pitAmaha - jAbAli - nAciketA - skanda - laugAkSi -kazyapa - vyAsa -sanatkumAra - zantunu -janaka AGgirasasmRti (pUrvottara) - aMgirA RSi atrismRti - maharSi atri ApastambasmRti -Apastamba auzanasasmRti -uzanA gautamasmRti (vRddha) - gautama bRhatpArAzara smRti - parAzara -bhASya -sAyaNa-mAdhava -vyAkhyA prAcetasasmRti - pracetA dakSasmRti - dakSa bRhaspatismRti -bRhaspati manusmRti - manu -vyAkhyA - methAtithi -manvarthamuktAvalI -kullUka bhaTTa -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA (bRhadyogI) yAjJavalkyasmRti - yAjJavalkya -bAlakrIDA - vizvarUpAcArya -aparArka -mitAkSarA -mitAkSarAvyAkhyA bAlambhaTTI -bAlaMbhaTTa -dIpakalikA (bRhad) yamasmRti - yama viSNusmRtiH likhitasmRtiH - lakhita zaMkhasmRtiH - zaMkha hArItasmRtiH - hArIta -vyAghra -kAtyAyana -jAtukarNya - kapijala - baudhAyana - sumantu - paiThInasa - gobhila anyAnya smRtigrantha - viSNu - vasiSTha -devala -kapila - vAdhUla upasmRti graMtha - zANDilya -kaNva -dAlbhya -bhAradvAja vasiSThasmRtiH devalasmRtiH kapilasmRtiH vAdhUlasmRti nArAyaNa smRtiH zANDilyasmRtiH kaNvasmRti dAlbhyasmRti bhAradvAjasmRtiH lohitasmRti mArkaNDeyasmRtiH marIcismRtiH pAraskarasmRtiH RSyazRMgasmRti jamadagnismRtiH kArNAjini smRtiH vaijavApa-smRtiH vatsasmRtiH - mArkaNDeya nAradasmRtiH pulahasmRtiH gArgyasmRtiH pulastyasmRti zaunaka smRti RtusmRti baudhAyanasmRti jAtukarNasmRti vizvAmitrasmRti - nArada - pulaha -gAye - pulastya - zaunaka - Rtu -baudhAyana - jAtukarNa -vizvAmitra -kASNArjini saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 541 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kauTilIyamarthazAstram - kauTilya (viSNugupta) -jayamaMgalA vyAkhyA cANakyanItiH cANakyasaptatiH cANakyasUtram -bAlabodhinI nItikalpataruH - kAmadeva kSemendra nItivAkyAmRtam -somadevasUri nItizatakam - bhartRhari -vyAkhyA nItisUtrANi paMcataMtram -viSNuzarmA pAzcAtya nItizAstram - vizvezvara siddhAntaziromaNI puruSaparIkSA aMgastyasaMhitA AzvalAyanadharmazAstra lomazasmRtiH - lomaza gargasmRtiH - garga kauzikasmRti gAlavasmRti gaveyasmRti satyavratasmRtiH vaikhAnasasmRtiH lallasmRtiH hiraNyakezi smRtiH zAkaTAyanasmRtiH chAgalyasmRtiH saptarSismRtiH candrasmRtiH indradattasmRtiH devalasmRtiH zAstrAyanismRtiH vizvezvarasmRtiH cyavanasmRtiH babhrusmRtiH paigyasmRtiH prahAdasmRtiH SaNmukhasmRtiH nItizAstra grantha akSayanItisudhAkara kathAsaMvartikA kAmandakIya nItisAra -kAmandaka -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA puruSArthopadezaH - bhartRhari pratApakaNThAbharaNam prAcInarAjyArthazAstrayoH vaijJAnikamadhyayanam -satyanArAyaNa mizra priyadarzikA prazastayaH bhartRharizatakatrayam rAjanItiratnAkara - caNDezvara viduranIti - (mahAbhAratAntargatA) vaizampAtyananItiprakAzikA nItimaMjarI - dyA (vidyA) dviveda zukranItiH hariharacaturaMgam - godAvarI mizra hitopadezaH - nArAyaNa zarmA bhAratIya saMvidhAnam mokSanItidarpaNa 542 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra nyAyasUtrANi vAtsyAyana bhASya nyAyavArtika nyAyavArtika tAtparyaTIkA tAtparya parizuddhi parizuddhiprakAza nyAyatAtparyamaNDanam nyAyamaMjarI (nyAyasUtra bRhadvRtti) nyAyamaMjarI pranthibhaMga nyAyadarzana nyAyasUtravivaraNam nyAyasUtroddhAra nyAyadIpa ( nyAyabhASya vyAkhyA) - mitra mizra nyAyasUtravRtti - mitabhASiNI '-- candranArAyaNI --"-- padapaMjikA --"-- tAtparyadIpikA --"-- --"-- nyAyasUtroddhAra nyAyasUcInibandha nyAyanibandhaprakAza vyAkhyA nyAyakusumAMjali -Amoda vyAkhyA -prakAzikA (jalada ) - makaranda - prakAza -bodhinI - viveka -vivaraNam -vikAsa -vyAkhyA -nyAyavAsanA -nAgezI -TippaNa -maharSi gautama - vAtsyAyana - - bhAradvAja udyotakara - vAcaspati mizra - udayanAcArya - vardhamAna upAdhyAya - zaMkara mizra (prakAzavyAkhyA) -rAdhAmohana gosvAmI - vAcaspati mizra - vizvanAtha paMcAnana - mahAdeva bhaTTa - candranArAyaNa - vAsudeva kAzmIraka - jayasiMha - mukundadAsa - abhayatilaka - - jayanta bhaTTa - cakradhara - vAcaspati mizra - vAcaspatimizra - padmanAbha - udayanAcArya - zaMkara mizra - megha Thakkura - rucidatta - vardhamAna upAdhyAya - vardhamAna upAdhyAya www.kobatirth.org pariziSTa (ja) dArzanika vAGmaya - guNAnanda - jayarAma - gopInAtha maunI - vAmadhvaja -ayyA devanAtha tAtAcArya - nAgezabhaTTa - baccA jhA nyAyakusumAMjali haridAsI -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA nyAyakaNikA nyAyasiddhAntamAlA Atmatattvaviveka bauddhadhikAra) -prakAza - mAthurIrahasya -haridAsI -nyAyAlaMkAra nyAyasAra -svopajJa nyAyabhUSaNa vyAkhyA -padapaMjikA padamaMjarI tArkikarakSA -vyAkhyA -prakAzikA -niSkaNTaka -nyAyakaumudI kusumAMjalikArikA vyAkhyA yogAvalI nyAyaratnam nyAya pariziSTam -dhvajapaMjikA nyAyasAravicAra nyAyasiddhAnta maMjarI ---- -nyAyasAra -nyAyasiddhAntadIpa -prabhA nyAyasiddhAnta maMjarI nyAyaratnAvalI nyAyasAra SoDazapadArthI tarkAmRtam For Private and Personal Use Only - haridAsa - jayantabhaTTa - jayarAma - udayanAcArya - vardhamAna upAdhyAya - mathurAnAtha - haridAsa - avirAja * bhAsarvajJa Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - ananta - varadarAja - jJAnapUrNa - nRsiMha Thakkara - mallinAtha - vinAyaka bhaTTa - avirAja - nArAyaNa - maNikaNTha mizra - udayanAcArya - vAmezvara - bhaTTarAghava - jAnakInAtha bhaTTAcArya yAdava - zazadhara - - zrInivAsa - - vAsudeva - kRSNavAgIza - trilocana deva - laugAkSibhAskara - mAdhavadeva - gaNezadAsa - jagadIza saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 543

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-prakAza -tattvAloka tarkakutUhalam tarkaprakAza bhAvadIpikA tarkabhASA -cinnambhaTTIyA -vyAkhyA -tarkabhASAprakAza -vyAkhyA -vivaraNa -nyAyavilAsa -bhAvArthadIpikA -vyAkhyA - vizvezvarapANDeya -zrIkaMTha - zrIkRSNa - kezava mizra -cinnaMbhaTTa - rAmaliMga - govardhana - murAri - zubhavijaya - vizvanAtha - gaurIkAnta - mAdhavadeva - siddhacandra -mAdhavabhaTTa - gaNeza dIkSita .- vAgIza - kauNDinya dIkSita -guDubhaTTa - gopInAtha maunI - bhAskara - gopInAtha Thakkura - caitanyabhaTTa - dinakara - gaMgAdhara bhaTTa dIdhitirahasyam -bhavAnandIyA - bhavAnanda -jAgadIzI - jagadIza bhaTTAcArya -vyAkhyA -zaMkara mizra -gaMgA vyAkhyA - zivadatta mizra -gAdAdharI - gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya -nyAyaratnam - raghunAthazAstrI -gaMgAvyAkhyA -zivadatta mizra sArvabhaumanirukti - vAsudeva sArvabhauma tattvAlokarahasyam -mathurAnAtha zabdazaktiprakAzikA - jagadIza bhaTTAcArya vyutpattivAda - gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya -vijayA - jayadeva mizra -gUDhArthatattvAloka - baccA jhA -harinAthI -harinAtha prAmANyavAda -dIpikA -bAmAcaraNa bhaTTAcArya nyAyakoza - bhImAcArya jhaLakIkara 'naca' ratnamAlikA - zAstu zarmA tattvaprabhAvalI pratyakSatattvacintAmaNi - gaMgezopAdhyAya -Aloka -darpaNa -nyAyazikhAmaNi - rAmakRSNAdhvari -citraprakAza - rucidatta mizra -mAthurI (maMgalavAdAnta) - mathurAnAtha -tattvaprabodhinI -pramodinI -prakAzikA -vyAkhyA -ujjvalA -darpaNa -bhAvaprakAzikA -prakAza -kaumudI -vyAkhyA vaizeSika darzana - nAgeza - raghunAthabhaTTa yogAvalI padArthakhaNDanam padArthatattvanirUpaNam padArthacandrikA padArthamAlA dravyaprakAzikA tattvacintAmaNi (navyanyAya) -vyAkhyA -tattvaloka -vyAkhyA -hanumadIyA -vyAkhyA -prakAza - mitramizra - laugAkSibhAskara - bhagIrathamegha - gaGgeza upAdhyAya - vAsudeva sArvabhauma - jayadeva mizra - haridAsa mizra - hanUmAn -pakSezvara - jAnakInAtha tarkacUDAmaNi (zaMkaramitra ke guru) - raghunAtha ziromaNi vaizezika sUtrANi - maharzi kaNAda prazastapAda bhASya - prazastapAda -sUkti vyAkhyA - kAlIpada tarkAcArya vyomavatI (prazastapAdavyAkhyA) -vyomazivAcArya kiraNAvalI (") - udayanAcArya kiraNAvalI bhAskara -padmanAbha (kiraNAvalI vyAkhyA) vaizeSikasUtrabhASya -rAvaNa - candrakAnta tarkAlaMkAra kaNAdasUtravRtti - bhAradvAja -jayanArAyaNa tarkapaMcAnana - nAgeza bhaTTa upaskAra (vaizeSikasUtravyAkhyA) - zaMkara mizra (prazastapAda) bhASyasUkti -jagadIza kaNAdarahasyam - zaMkara mizra dIdhiti (tattvacintAmaNivyAkhyA) dIdhitivyAkhyA - mathurAnAtha 544/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra lakSaNAvalI - prakAza nyAyamuktAvalI (lakSaNAvalIvyAkhyA) lakSaNAvalIvyAkhyA nyAyakandalI (prazastapAdabhASyavyAkhyA) lakSaNamAlA lIlAvatI nyAyalIlAvatI -prakAza - vivRti -kaNThAbharaNa dazapadArthI saptapadArthI -niSkaNTakA -bhAvavighnezvarI -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA - vyAkhyA - vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA - mitabhASiNI vyAkhyA -padArthacandrikA - zizubodhinI sarvadarzanakaumudI mAna manohara 35 bhASApariccheda (kArikAvalI) siddhAntamuktAvalI (svopajJavyAkhyA) -prakAza caur3I - udayanAcArya - bhaTTakezava - zAIgadhara - vizvanAtha jhA - zrIdhara bhaTTa - zivAditya - zrIbatsAcArya - vallabha nyAyAcArya - jJAnacandra - zivAditya - mallinAtha - bhAvavighnezvara - siddhacandra - hari - jinavardhanasUri - balabhadra - ananta - zeSAnanta - mAdhavasarasvatI - zAIgadhara - - bhairavendra - mAdhava sarasvatI - vAdi vAgIzvara vizvanAtha nyAyapaMcAnana - - bAlakRSNa bhaTTa - rudra www.kobatirth.org -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA -kiraNAvalI vyAkhyA) rAmarudrI ( dinakarI vyAkhyA) -prabhA vyAkhyA prakAza (dinakarI - muktAvalI - mahAdeva - dinakara bhAradvAja nyAyacandrikA (kArikAvalI vyAkhyA) tarkakaumudI -vyAkhyA tarkasaMgraha -nyAyabodhinI - padakRtya -siddhAntacandrodaya - phakkikA -vyAkhyA -candrikA -vAkyavRtti - gaMgA tarkasaMgraha - dIpikA tarkasaMgraha- dIpikA prakAza bhAskarodayA (dIpikAprakAza vyAkhyA) sukhakalpataru ( dIpikA vyAkhyA) tarkasaMgraha - sarvasvam dIpikA - sarvasvam nyAyasiddhAntatattvAmRtam lakSaNarAji (laghunyAyavAdatraya) For Private and Personal Use Only - trilocana - kalyANa - zrIkRSNavallabhAcArya Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - rAmarudra bhaTTAcArya rAjezvarazAstrI draviDa - nArAyaNatIrtha - laugAkSibhAskara - mohana bhaTTa - annambhaTTa - govardhana - candrasiMha - dhUrjaTI - - kSamAkalyANa - hanUmAna - mukundabhaTTa meruzAstrI goDabole - zivadatta mizra - annambhaTTa - nIlakaNThabhaTTa - lakSmInRsiMha - zrInivAsa - kurugaTTI rAmazAstrI - zrInivAsa : tippabhaTTa saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 545

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sAMkhyazAstra (pariziSTa) -paramArtha sAMkhya sUtrANi - kapila sAMkhyapravacanabhASya -vijJAnabhikSu -vRtti - aniruddha bhaTTa -vRttisAra - mahAdeva vedAntI -vRtti - nAgeza bhaTTa -vyAkhyA -brahmamuni -vRtti -hariprasAda aniruddha vRttivyAkhyA -amalA - pramathanAtha tarkabhUSaNa -vyAkhyA - kuMjabihArI tattvasamAsa sUtra -sAMkhyatattvavivecana -sImAnanda yA kSemendra vyAkhyA -sAMkhyasUtravivaraNa -kramadIpikA (vRtti) -sarvopakAriNI vyAkhyA -tattva yAyArthyadIpana - bhAvAgaNeza sAMkhyasAra -vijJAna bhikSu -vyAkhyA - kAlIpada tarkAcArya sAMkhyatattvapradIpa - kavirAja yati sAMkhyakArikA - IzvarakRSNa (sAMkhyasaptati) -yuktidIpikA vyAkhyA -bhASya - gauDapAda -mATharavRtti -mAThara -jayamaMgalA vyAkhyA - zaMkarAcArya (yA jayamaMgala) -candrikA vyAkhyA - nArAyaNatIrtha -bhASya - lakSmInArAyaNa, zrIkRSNa vallabhAcArya -vyAkhyA sAMkhyavasanta - naraharinAtha sAMkhyatattvapradIpikA -kezava tattvamImAMsA - kRSNamizra sAMkhyaparibhASA sAMkhyatattvakaumudI - vAcaspati mizra -AvaraNadAriNI vyAkhyA-kRSNanAtha nyAyapaMcAnana -guNamayI vyAkhyA -ramezacandra tarkatIrtha -pUrNimA vyAkhyA - paMcAnana tarkaratna -vidvattoSiNI vyAkhyA - bAlarAma udAsIna -suSamA vyAkhyA - harirAmazAstrI zukla -tattvavibhAkara vyAkhyA - vaMzIdhara mizra -kiraNAvalI - zrIkRSNavallabhAcArya -vyAkhyA - bhAratIya yati -sArabodhinI -zivanArAyaNazAstrI -jyotiSmatI vyAkhyA Adhunika sAMkhya grantha sAMkhyatattvAloka - hariharAnanda AraNya sAMkhyasiddhAntaparAmarza - ema. bI. upAdhyAya sAMkhyataraMga -devatIrtha svAmI guNatrayaviveka - svayaMprakAza yati sAMkhyarahasya - zrIrAma pANDeya paMcazikhAdInAM sAMkhyasUtrANi - hariharAnanda AraNya 546/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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yogazAstra (pariziSTa) (pAtaMjala) yogasUtrANi - pataMjali -rAjamArtaNDavRtti - bhoja (raNaraMgamalla) -bhojavRttivyAkhyA - zrIkRSNacaMdra -siddhAntacandrikA - nArAyaNa tIrtha -maNiprabhA - rAmAnanda yati -dIpikA - bhAvAgaNeza -arthabodhinI - nArAyaNatIrtha -bRhat tathA laghu vyAkhyA - nAgeza bhaTTa -yogacandrikA - anantadeva -vyAkhyA - sadAzivendu sarasvatI -vyAkhyA - yazovijaya -vaidikI vRtti - hariprasAda -yogarahasya vyAkhyA - satyadeva (Adhunika) -pradIpikA - balAdri -kiraNAvalI - zrIkRSNavallabhAcArya -bhASya - jJAnAnanda svAmI -yogakArikA - hariharAnanda AraNya kitAba pAtaMjala (arabI meM) - alberUnI yogasUtra vyAsabhASyam - vyAsa -tattvavaizAradI vyAkhyA -vAcaspati mizra -bhASyavArtika - vijJAna bhikSu (yogavArtika) -vivaraNa vyAkhyA - zaMkarAcArya -bhAsvatI vyAkhyA -hariharAnanda AraNya zivasvarodaya binduyoga siddhasiddhAntapaddhati -nityanAtha - gorakSanAtha amaraudhazAsanam (amaraughaprabodha) yogamArtaNDa gorakSapaddhati gorakSasiddhAntasaMgraha gorakSazatakam (jJAnazatakam) siddhasiddhAntasaMgraha -balabhadra haThayogapradIpikA -svAtmArAma -jyotsrAvyAkhyA -brahmAnanda yogiyAjJavalkya - yAjJavalkya yogacintAmaNi -zivAnanda gorakSasaMhitA vijJAnabhairava -vyAkhyA -vrajaballabha dvivedI yogabIja - gorakSanAtha amanaska yoga yogatArAvalI (stotra) - zaMkarAcArya gorakSastuti maMjarI paMcadazAMga yogaprakaraNam -vyAkhyA - appayya dIkSitArya zivayogadIpikA - sadAziva yogIzvara sAMkhya- yogaviSayaka haThasaMketa candrikA -sundaradeva (sarasvatIbhavana, kAzI) haThatattvakaumudI (") sAMkhyatattvavilAsa - raghunAtha (aMzataH prakAzita) sAMkhya taruvasanta - muDumba narasiMha svAmI (aDyAra lAya.) taMtrAgama grantha atrisaMhitA AhirbudhnyasaMhitA AgamazAstram - gauDapAdAcArya -vRtti -vyAkhyA - vidhuzekhara bhaTTAcArya Izvara-saMhitA (nRsiMhakalpa) - pAtaMjalarahasya -rAghavAnanda (tattvavaizAradI vyAkhyA) vidvattoSiNI vyAkhyA -bAlarAma udAsIna yogasArasaMgraha -viJjAna bhikSu yogazAstra -hemacandra yoga (prakIrNa graMtha) gheraNDasaMhitA -gheraNDAcArya dhyAnayogaprakAza - svAmI lakSmaNa vedasarasvatI yogakarNikA -adhorAnandanAtha zivasaMhitA rAjayoga bhASya - zaMkarAcArya vasiSTha saMhitA yogArNava SaTcakranirUpaNa - pUrNAnanda saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khATa / 547 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra utsavasaMgraha kAzyapajJAnakANDam (kAzyapasaMhitAntargata) gAyatrItantram jayAkhyasaMhitA jJAnArNavataMtram dIkSAtattvamImAMsA dIkSAprakAza -vyAkhyA -dIkSAprakAzikA nAradapatrarAtram bhAradvAja saMhitA - vyAkhyA nityASoDazikArNava - setubandha TIkA paMcAMgasaMgraha (mahAkAlImahAlakSmI mahAsarasvatI sambaddha) paramasaMhitA parazurAmakalpasUtram -vRtti nityotsava -vRtti paMcarAtra - rakSA pAramezvara saMhitA pauSkara saMhitA (pAMcarAtrAgame ratnatrayAntargatA ) pratyaMgirApaMcAMgam prapaMcarahasyahRdayam bRhadbrahmasaMhitA -vyAkhyA brahmasaMhitA - vyAkhyA digdarzinI vaitAnahRdayam maMtrakalpa marIci -saMhitA (vimArcanAkalpa) mahotsava - prayoga mAhezvarataMtram viSNu-saMhitA vaikhAnasAgama zivasaMhitA zrIpurANasaMhitA AlavandArasaMhitA FE EFFETTI - jIvanAtha - bhAskararAya EI - rAmezvara - umAnAtha - vedAntadezika - rUpa gosvAmI - raMga bhaTTAraka !!!! 548 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa www.kobatirth.org bRhat sadAziva saMhitA sanatkumArasaMhitA sAtvatasaMhitA (pAMcarAtrAntargata) hayazIrSa pAMcarAtram -vyAkhyA ajitAgama Agamarahasyam praznasaMhitA kriyAsAra aSTasiddhi -vyAkhyA Arya maMjuzrImUlakalpa (bodhisatya piTakAvataMsa ) AryadIpikA -vyAkhyA AzcaryayogamAlAtaMtram (yogaratnAvalI) IzAna (ziva) gurudevapaddhati uDDAmezvarataMtram upadezamuktAvalI kazyapadarzanataMtram kAthabodha (dattAtreyasAmprA.) - vyAkhyA kAmakalAvilAsa - cidvallI kAmAkhyAtaMtram kArtavIryopAsanAdhyAya kAlItaMtram - TippaNI kAlInityArcanam kAlIvilAsataMtram kAlIsvarUpatattvam kulacUDAmaNitattvam -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA kaulajJAnanirNaya (kaulagajamardanam ) kaulAvalI - nirNaya kaulAvalIsaMgraha kramadIpikA -TippaNI - vyAkhyA gaNapatitattvaratnam For Private and Personal Use Only ,,,,,,,,""" - saMtoSAnanda - sAjanI - puSyAnanda Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - naTanAnanda - kezavAcArya (1) - vasiSTha bhairava - govinda vidyAvinoda bhaTTAcArya

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- zrIdattAtreya - pratApasiMha zAha nepAlezvara - Adya zaMkarAcArya - hariharAnanda bhAratI - kAlidAsa - sadAziva gandharvataMtram (dattAtreyasAmpra.) guptasAghanarahasyam guhyasamAjataMtram mahAnirvANataMtram -vyAkhyA cidgaganacandrikA DAkArNava DAkinIvidyA taMtrarAja taMtrarAjataMtram -manoramA -vyAkhyA-sudarzana taMtrAkhyAyikA taMtrasamuccaya -vimarzinI kAzIrAma vidyAvAcaspati purazcaraNArNava prapaMcasAra -prANatoSiNI -prapaMcasArasaMgraha bRhadratnajAla (kautUhalabhANDAgAra) bRhat taMtrakoSa bRhat sAbarataMtram -vyAkhyA bhuvanezvarInityArcanam bhuyanezvarIrahasyam bhairavI-padmAvatIkalpa -vyAkhyA bhairavIcakram bhairavopadeza mantramahArNava maMtramahodadhi -naukA -padArthAdarza -maMtravallI -subhagAnanda nAtha -premanidhi panta - mahIdhara kRSNAnanda - abhinavagupta -kAzInAtha - gaMgAdhara - abhinavagupta -jayaratha taMtrasAra taMtrasAra -vyAkhyA taMtrAbhidhAnam tAMtrikacikitsA taMtrAloka -prakAza tArArahasyam tArAsvarUpatattvam tripurArahasyam -tAtparyadIpikA dakSiNAmUrtisaMhitA dattabhArgavasaMvAda -vyAkhyA dattAtreyatantram devIyAmavilAsa devIrahasyam (sapariziSTam) devIzatakam -vivRtti dhanvantaritaMtra zikSA narottamasaMgraha niSpannayogAvalI nRsiMha-paricarcA paMcatattvarahasyam pArAnandasUtram purazcaraNadIpikA - sAhiba kaula maMtrayoga saMhitA __-vyAkhyA maMtraratnamaMjUSA - trivikramabhaTTAraka mahAtripurasundarIpUjAkalpa -vyAkhyA mahAjayaprakAza mahAmRtyuMjaya vidhiprakAza mAtRkAcakraviveka - svataMtrAnandatIrtha -vyAkhyA mAtRkAbhedataMtram mudrAvicAraprakaraNam merutaMtram mohinItantram yoginItantram -dIpikA - amRtAnanda ratnagotravibhAga (mahAyAtataMtram) - rAmArcanacandrikA lakSmItaMtram vazIkaraNataMtram AdikAmaratnam vAmakezvarImatam -vivaraNa varivasyArahasyam - bhAskararAya makhI -prakAza -Anandavardhana kaiyaTa . -kRSNadeva - trivikamatIrtha - kAzInAtha bhaTTa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 549 For Private and Personal Use Only

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-subodhinI bAlAstava maMjarI vaijayantImatam (vaidika) bagalAsukhI pUjApaddhati zaktisaMgamataMtram zatacaNDIvidhAnam zataratnasaMgrahaH - umApati zivAcArya -vyAkhyA zAktapramoda zAktAnandataraGgiNI - brahmAnandagirI -vyAkhyA zAradAtilakam -lakSmaNadezikendra -padArthAdarza - rAghavabhaTTa zivapaMcAkSarIbhASyam - padmapAdAcArya -harinAtha datta zeSasamuccayaH -vimarzinI -zaMkarAcArya zyAmArahasyam - pUrNAnandagiri zyAmArahasyataMtram zyAmAsaparyApaddhati -zyAmAnanda -vAsanA zrIgurutaMtram (zrI) caNDikopAstidIpikA - -arthaprakAza zrItattvacintAmaNi -vyAkhyA zrIstavaratnanidhi -segrA. puruSottamadAsa zrItattvanidhiH - maisUranareza zrIbhaktigItA zrIvidyAkhaDgamAlA zrIvidyAnityArcanam zrIvidyAmaMtrabhASyam -trikANDasamarthAvabodhinIzrIvidyAratnasUtrANi -dIpikA zrIvidyArNavataMtram rAdhAtaMtram sollAsataMtram sAtvatatasaMtram sAdhanamAlA - vinayatoSa bhaTTAcArya zrIgurutaMtram kAlikAsahasranAmAni gAyatrIrahasyam japasUtram taMtrasaMgraha -saMka.gopInAtha kavirAja luptAgamagasaMgrahaH vijJAnabhairavaH jJAnArNavataMtram kulArNavataMtram sAdhanarahasyam sAmrAjyalakSmIpIThikA sekoddezaH -vyAkhyA haMsavilAsaH hanumadupAsanA hanumatpaMcAgam bhuvanezvarI mahAstotram -prabodhinI - pRthvIdharAcArya maMtrakaumudI chinnamastAnityArcanam gAyatrItattvavimarza parAtaMtram - candrazayazerajaMga reNukAtaMtram gorakSasaMhitA 550 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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mImAMsAvAGmaya pUrvamImAMsAdarzana mImAMsAdarzanam (sUtrANi, -maharSi jaimini dvAdazalakSaNI) zAbarabhASyam - zabarasvAmI bRhatI (zAbarabhASya vyAkhyA) -prabhAkara mizra RjuvimalA (bRhatIvyAkhyA) - zAlikanAtha jaiminIya sUtravRttiH - upavarSa nyAyamAlAvistaraH (jaiminIya - somezvara sUtravRttiH ) jaiminIya sUtravRttiH - pArthasArathi mizra jaiminIya nyAyamAlAvistaraH - mAdhavAcArya mImAMsAnayaviveka (jai.sU.va.) - bhavanAtha bhASyadIpikA (jai.sU.va.) -khaNDadeva -praznAvalI - zambhubhaTTa sezvaramImAMsA (jai.sU.vR.) - vedAntadezika zAMbarabhASyavArtikam - vArtikakAra zlokavArtikam -kumArilabhaTTa nyAyaratnAkara (zlokavArtika - pArthasArathi mizra vyAkhyA) kAzikA (-"-) - sucarita mizra taMtravArtikam - kumAralibhaTTa nyAyaratnamAlA (taMtravArtika - pArthasArathi mizra vyAkhyA (taMtravArtika vyAkhyA) - maNDanamizra nyAyasudhA (-") - somezvara taMtravArtikavyAkhyA - kamalAkara -kavIndra - pAlabhaTTa taMtraratnam - pArthasArathi mizra TupTIkA -kumArilabhaTTa zAstradIpikA - pArthasArathi -siddhAntacandrikA -rAmakRSNa -vyAkhyA -nArAyaNa -karpUravArtikam -somezvera -mayUkhamAlikA -somanAtha -AlokavyAkhyA -kamalAkara -prabhA - bAlaMbhaTTa zAstradIpikAprakAzaH - zaMkarabhaTTa (zAstradIpikA vyAkhyA) bhATTadinakara (zAstradIpikA - bhaTTa dinakara vyAkhyA) vidhiviveka - maNDanamizra nyAyakaNikA - vAcaspati mizra (vidhivivekavyAkhyA) vidhirasAyanam - appayya dIkSita -sukhopayojinI mImAMsAnukramaNikA - maNDanamizra -mImAMsAmaNDana - gaMgAnAtha jhA adhikaraNa kaumudI - devanAtha Thakkura adhvaramImAMsA kutUhalavRtti - vAsudeva dIkSita (jai.sU.vR.) kalpakalitA (zAvarabhASya vyAkhyA) karmamImAMsAdarzana -bhAradvAja -bhASya tautAtitamatatilakam - bhavadeva nyAyabindu - bhaTTa baidyanAtha (bAlabhaTTa) pUrvamImAMsAdhikaraNa kaumudI - rAmakRSNa bhaTTAcArya prakaraNapaMcikA - naMdIzvara pramANalakSaNam -sarvajJAtma mahAmuni mImAMsAkaustubha -khaNDadeva vAkyArtharatnam -suvarNamudrikAvyAkhyA-ahobalasuri mImAMsAnyAyaprakAzaH -Apadeva -sAravivecinI -cinnasvAmIzAstrI -kRSNanAthI -kRSNakAnta -vyAkhyA - vAsudevazAstrI abhyaMkara vidhirasAyanadUSaNam - zaMkarabhaTTa prabhAkaravijayaH - naMdIzvara aMzatattvanirukti - murArimizra nItitattvAvirbhAvaH -cidAnanda paNDita jaiminIyasUtrArthasaMgraha - RSiputra paramezvara mImAMsAbAlakAza - zaMkara bhaTTa subodhinI nyAyabinduH (jaiminIya sUtravRtti)- bAlambhaTTa bhAdRcintAmaNi - gAgAbhaTTa bhAdRsaMgraha - rAghavAnanda mImAMsAparibhASA -kRSNayajvA prakaraNa-paMcikA - zAlikanAtha saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 551 For Private and Personal Use Only

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-"-prakAzikA - anantadeva - laugAkSibhAskara - arjunamizra -zivayogI -"-kusumAMjali - rAmakRSNa -vallabhAcArya -gAgAbhaTTa - zrInivAsAdhvarI mImAMsAnyAyavRtti arthasaMgraha -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA bhATTabhASA-prakAzikA bhATTabhASAprakAzaH jaiminIya sUtravRtti -rAghavAnanda -"-dIdhitiH -"-subodhinI - nArAyaNa -nArAyaNa -hari -bhartamitra - bhavadAsa prabhAkara - vAcaspati mizra -veMkaTAcArya -"-jyotiSpradIpikA -"-nayodyota -"-vidvanmanoharA - dAmodarabhaTTa - karavindasvAmI - lakSmaNasUri - laugAkSibhAskara - nArAyaNabhaTTa - mahAdeva tIrtha - nAgeza - nIlakaNTha daivajJa -"-subodhinI 552 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra brahmasUtrANi brahmasUtravRtti - mitAkSarA brahmasUtravRttiH dIpikA brahmasUtravRtti advaitAmRtavarSiNI brahmasUtravRtti brahmAmRtavarSiNI brahmasUtratAtparyavivaraNa zArIrakamImAMsAbhASyam (bhASya) tAtparyasaMgraha bhAmatI (") ratnaprabhA (bhAmatIvyA.) pUrNAnandI ( ratnaprabhAvyA.) ratnaprabhATippaNam kalpataru ( bhAmatIvyA.) parimala ( kalpataru vyA.) Abhoga (") paMcapAdikA (zAGkarabhASya - vyA.) vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA padadIpikA (pakSapAdikAvyA.) paMcapAdikA vivaraNam -vyAkhyA -vivaraNopanyAsa vivaraNabhAva prakAzikA paMcapAdikAdarpaNam vivaraNaprameyasaMgraha (bhASyavyAkhyAna) bhASyavArtikam (bhASyavyAkhyAna -nArAyaNa sarasvatI vedAntavacanabhUSaNam (") zAMkaravAda bhUSaNam (") brahmavidyAbharaNam (") nyAyanirNayaH (") bhASyavyAkhyAnam ('') (") -zikhAmaNi - maNiprabhA -arthadIpikA sidhdAntalezasaMgraha - vedavyAsa - annambhaTTa - zaMkarAnanda sadAzivendra sarasvatI - binduzIkara - rAmAnanda sarasvatI - bhairavatilaka - Adya zaMkarAcArya - rAmacandratIrtha pariziSTa - svayaMprakAzAnaMda sarasvatI - raghunAthasUri parva advaitAnanda sarasvatI - AnandagirI - vizvadeva - gopAlAnanda - AnandapUrNa - vidyAsAgara dharmarAjabhvarIndra prakAzAnandamuni - kRSNabhaTa - rAmAnanda sarasvatI nRsiMha muni tattvadIpanam (vivaraNa- vivaraNam akhaNDAnanda sarasvatI vedAntaparibhASA - dharmarAjAdhvarIndra - vAcaspati mizra - govindAnanda yA rAmAnanda - pUrNaprakAzAnanda -kezavAnandasvAmI - amalAnanda sarasvatI - appayya dIkSita - lakSmInRsiMha - padmapAdAcArya amalAnanda - vidyAraNyasvAmI www.kobatirth.org - zivadatta - appayya dIkSita * dharmayya dIkSita - - vedAnta darzana (advaita) -acyutakRSNAnandAtIrtha - sarvajJAtmamuni saMkSepazArIrakam - rAmacandra saMkSepazArIrika sArasaMgrahadIpikA madhusUdana sarasvatI -- "-- tattvabodhinI - nRsiMhAzrama --"-anvayArthaprakAzikA - rAmatIrtha siddhAntabindu -kRSNAlaMkAra -vyAkhyA -tattvaviveka -bindusandIpanam -vyAkhyA advaitasiddhi laghubRhat candrikA (advaitasiddhivyA. gauDabrahmAnandI viThThalezI (candrikAvyAkhyAna) - viThThalezopAdhyAya advaitasiddhi siddhAntasAra - sadAnanda vyAsa -bAlabodhinI - yogIndrAnanda bAgacI advaitaratvarakSaNam vedAnta kalpalatikA prasthAnabheda advaitAnubhUti Atmavodha bhAvaprakAzikA bAlabodhinI pratyaktattva pradIpikA (citsukhI - citsukhAcArya nayanaprasAdinI aparokSAnubhava anubhava dIpikA vyAkhyA vAkyavRtti upadezasAhastrI vyAkhyA prakAzikA naiSkarmyasiddhi candrikA saMdehApahAriNI For Private and Personal Use Only nyAyamakaranda Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir -vyAkhyA khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya - madhusUdana sarasvatI - pUrNAnandatIrtha * puruSottama sarasvatI -vAsudavezAstrI abhyaMkara - madhusUdana sarasvatI - brahmAnanda sarasvatI - pratyaksvarUpa bhagavatpAda - madhusUdana sarasvatI - madhusUdana sarasvatI - madhusUdana sarasvatI - govinda bhagavatpAda - zaMkarAcArya - bodhendra - nArAyaNatIrtha - zaMkarAcArya - caNDezvara - nityAnaMda - zaMkarAcArya - vizvezvara - zaMkarAcArya - rAmatIrtha - AnandarAma - surezvarAcArya - jJAnottama - saccidAnaMda - Anandabodha - citsukhAcArya - zrIharSa saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 553

Page #570
- zaMkaramizra -zAMkarI -vidyAsAgarI -vyAkhyA zAbdanirNaya tattvadIpanam mANDUkyakArikA -mitAkSarA -dIpikA bRhadAraNyakabhASyavArtikam bRhadAraNyaka vArtikasAraH -laghusaMgraha nyAyamuktAvalI advaita-makaranda -vyAkhyA jIvanmuktiviveka paMcadazI -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA bhedadhikkAra -(sakriyA) - zaMkaracaitanya bhAratI - prakAzAtmamuni - svayaMprakAzayati - gauDapAdAcArya - svayaMprakAzAnanda - zaMkarAnanda -surezvarAcArya - vidyAraNyAsvAmI - mahezvaratIrtha -appayya dIkSita - lakSmIdhara - pUrNAnandatIrtha - vidyAraNya - rAmakRSNa - acyutarAya moDaka - sadAnanda - nRsiMhAzrama - nArAyaNAzrama - nRsiMha dIkSita -advaitacintAkaustubha - -vyAkhyA - zukAcArya vedAntatattvasAra - vidyendra sarasvatI abhedAkhaNDacandramA - Atmadeva paMcAnana advaitAmoda - vAsudeva zAstrI abhyaMkara advaitacandrikA - sudarzanAcArya vaiyAsika nyAyamAlA -vidyAraNya - bhAratItIrtha advaitaratnAkara -amaradAsa * -vyAkhyA advaitarasamaMjarI - sadAzivabrahmendra -laghuvivaraNa advaitavedAntarakSaNam - yogIndrAnandagiri -vyAkhyA - vAsudeva zAstrI adhyAtmavidyopadezavidhi - zaMkarAcArya anubhavAnandalaharI - kezavAnandayati AtmAnAtmaviveka - zaMkarAcArya -vimalA - jagadIzacandra mizra AtmollAsa upakrama-parAkrama - apyayya dIkSita tattvabindu - vAcaspati tattvabodha - zaMkarAcArya tripurArahasyam (jJAnakhaNDa) nyAyacandrikA - AnandapUrNa munIndra -nyAyaprakAzikA - svarUpAnanda munIndra nyAyabhAskarakhaNDanam - rAma subrahmaNyazAstrI madhvacandrikAkhaNDanam nyAyaratnadIpAvali - AnandAnubhava -vedAntaviveka - AnandajJAna paMcapAdikAprasthAnam - sacidAnandendra sarasvatI paMcIkaraNam (bhASyam) -zaMkarAcArya -vArtika vArtikAbharaNa - surezvarAcArya -vivaraNa - rAmatIrtha -tattvacandrikA - sAyaNAcArya puruSArthasudhAnidhi prajJAnAnandaprakAza ___-bhAvArthakaumudI puruSArthacatuSTayam paramatattvamImAMsA - zrIkRSNa jozI (mati prazikSaNa zAstram) -bhASya praNavakalpaprakAza- gaMgAdharendra sarasvatI pratyaktattvacintAmaNi - sadAnanda -vyAkhyA prameya ratnAvalI - baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa -." - nRsiMhAzrama - nArAyaNAzrama sadAnanda advaita-candrikA advaita-dIpikA -vivaraNam -vyAkhyA advaitabrahmasiddhiH jIvanmuktiprakriyA vedAntasAraH -subodhinI -vidvanmanoraMjinI -vyAkhyA -maNiprabhA -arthadIpikA -vyAkhyA vedAntamuktAvalI -vyAkhyA -vyAkhyA advaitaprakAza advaitarahasyam advaitanirNayasaMgraha vedAntakaumudI advaitacintAmaNi - dayAzaMkara - rAmatIrtha - rAmakRSNAdhvarIndra nRsiMhasarasvatI -amaradAsa -zivadatta -dhanapati -prakAzAnanda -brahmAnandasarasvatI - rAmasubrahmaNya - rAmacaMdra - rAmacaMdra -rAmacaMdra - advayAraNyamuni - raMgojibhaTTa :54 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #571
- zaMkarAcArya - vizvezvara - nRsiMhasarasvatI bodhaikya siddhi - acyutarAya __-advaitAtmaprabodha bodhasAra - narahari -vyAkhyA - divAkara brahmasiddhi - maNDana mizra -bhAvazuddhi - AnandapUrNa muni -abhiprAya prakAzikA - citsukha brahmasUtrabhASyArtharatnamAlA - subrahmaNya madhvamukhamardanam - appayya dIkSita brahmAmRtam - jayakRSNa brahmatIrtha mahAvAkyavivaraNam laghuyogavAsiSTha - Atmasukha -vAsiSThacandrikA laghuvAkyavRtti -vyAkhyA vedAntaDiNDima __-bhAvabodhinI vAkyasudhA zaMkaradigvijaya zaMkarAt prAgadvaitavAda zAMkara pAdabhUSaNam zuddha zAMkaraprakriyA bhAskara zrutisArasamuddharaNam sanatsujAtIya zAMkara bhASyam -nIlakaNThI hariharAdvaitabhUSaNam - zaMkarAcArya - vidyAraNya - muralIdhara pANDeya - raghunAtha sUri -saccidAnanda - toTakAcArya - zaMkarAcArya -nIlakaNTha - bodhendra sarasvatI saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 555 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #572
advaitetara vedAnta viziSTAdvaita vedAnta (rAmAnuja- rAmAnanda) adhikaraNa-sArAvalI - veMkaTanAtha vedAntadezika -adhikaraNacintAmaNi - varadaguru -sArArtharatnaprabhA - vIrarAghavAcArya antarvyAptivicAro - veMkaTAcArya bahivyAptivicArazva arthapaMcakam aSTalokI (vaiSNavadAsIyA) - parAzarabhaTTArya -saumyopayantR vyAkhyA -vaiSNavadAsa AgamaprAmANyam - yAmuna muni -vyAkhyA UddharvapuNDra dhAraNavidhi IzAvAsyopaniSadbhASya -vIrarAghavAcArya -AcArya bhASyatAtparya kAryAdhikaraNatattvam - kastUrI raMgAcArya kAryAdhikaraNavAda -TI.e.vI. raMgAcArya kuTTaSTidhvAntamArtaNDa - raMgAcAryasvAmI gahAtrayam -rAmAnuja muni cakradhAraNa pramANasaMgraha tattvaTIkA (zrI bhASyavyAkhyA) - vedAntadezika tattvanirNaya - varadAcArya tattvatrayam - lokAcAryasvAmI tattvamuktAkalApa - DI.zrInivAsAcArya -sarvArthasiddhi -AnandadAyinI TippaNI - nRsiMhadeva tattvazekhara tattvasAra - veMkaTAcArya ___ -ratnasAriNI taptamudrAdhAraNa-mImAMsA dUrvAvidhUnanam - rudrabhaTTa dvArikApattalam -bInAbAI gaMgAvAkyAvalI - vizvAsodevI nyAyakulizam - Atreya rAmAnujAcArya paramArthaprakAzikA - TI.vI. rAghavAcArya (advaitamodagavya parizIlanarUpA) pArAzarya-vijaya - rAmAnujAcArya pratimAguNadarpaNam paramArthabhUSaNam (zatadUSaNImaNDanam, zatabhUSaNyAdi khaNDanasvarupam) - vIrarAghayAcArya prapannapArijAta -vyAkhyA prapannAmRtam - anantAcArya bhasmadhAraNavicAra - anantAcArya svAmI zrIbhASyaprakAzikA - zrInivAsAcArya zrIbhASyavArtikam bhedavAda mahAmohavidrAvaNam sezvaramImAMsA veMkaTanAtha vedAntadezika mImAMsApAdukA mImAMsA pAdukAparitrANam - kumAra varadAcArya -sUkSmArthavyAkhyA - vIra rAghavAcArya -satpathasaMcAra - vIra rAghavAcArya nyAyasiddhAMjanam - vedAntadezika -ratnapeTikA -raMgarAmAnujabhASya mumukSurahasyam - lokAcArya -vyAkhyA - anantAcArya yatirAjavaibhavam - Andhra pUrNAcArya yatIndra matadIpikA - zrInivAsAcArya -prakAza - vAsudeva zAstrI vaDavAnala-prathamajvAlA - anantAcArya vAlmIkibhAvadIpa vilakSaNamokSadhikAra viziSTAdvaitamatavijayavAda viziSTAdvaitAdhikaraNamAlA - sudarzanAcArya rAmAnuja vedAntasAra -adhikaraNa sArAvalI viSNutattvadIpikA - timaNNAcArya rakSAgranthA (nikSeparakSA, saccAritrarakSA, -vedAntAcArya -vIrarAghavAcArya nyAyaparizuddhi -vyAkhyA vyAyatattvaprakAzikA -ratnapeTikA -raMgarAmAnujabhASya paMcarahasyam - parAzara bhaTTArya 556 saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #573
pAMcarAtrarakSA, gItArthasaMgraharakSA) -veMkaTanAtha vedAntadezika vedArtha-saMgraha - rAmAnujAcArya -vyAkhyA ...".. vedAnta-kArikAvalI - veMkaTAcArya -vyAkhyA -kRSNaMmAcArya vedAntadIpa (brahmasUtravyAkhyA) - bhagavad rAmAnujAcArya -subodhinI -zrI - rAghavAcArya vedAntarahasyam vedAntavAdAvalI -tAtparyadIpikA vaiSNavadharma mImAMsA vaiSNavamatAbja bhAskara vaiSNavabratotsavanirNaya vyAmohanidrAvaraNam vyAsasiddhAnta mArtaNDa zatadUSaNI veMkaTanAtha vedAntAcArya -vyAkhyA -caNDamAruta zArIrakamImAMsA bhASyam - bhagAvadAmAnujJAcArya (zrIbhASyam) -samAsokti -zrutiprakAzikA - sudarzana sUri -tattvaprakAzikA -vivRtti zrIvacanabhUSaNa mImAMsA bhASyam zrIvacanabhUSaNarahasyam ___ -vyAkhyA - lokAcArya vAdibhIkara vaibhavam (AcAryacaryAmRtam) zrIzArIrakAdhikaraNamAlA -anantadAsa -prakAza siddhitrayam - yAmunAcArya -gUDhaprakAza - vIrarAghavAcArya godAmbAvratAnuSThAnam - zrIkRSNapAdasUri -maMjarI brahmasUtrIya-vedAntavRtti sudarzanamImAMsA mayUkhasaMhitA mAnaratnAvalI zrIsampradAyetihasa bhagavadguNadarpaNam (rAmAnanda saMpradAya) - madhurAcArya -vyAkhyA - rAmaprapannAcArya siddhAntadIpaka - anantAcArya (rAmAnanda saMpradAya) -kiraNAvalIvRtti - rAmaprapannAcArya adhyAsadhvaMsaleza . -zIladevAcArya (rAmAnanda saMpradAya) -tAtparyacandrikA zrItaprameya candrikA - zriyAnandAcArya -prabhA zrItArthasaMgraha (rAmAnaMda saM.) - anubhavAnandAcArya SaDbhAskarasamuccaya khaNDanoddhAra - tridaNDIsvAmI yogirAja -dIpikA siddhivaitathyam -rAmakRSNa prapannAcArya baudhAyana-matAdarza (rAmAnanda - pUrNAnandAcArya saM.) advaitavAdakhaNDanam naya dhumaNi - meghAnandasUri IzAdyaSTopaniSadAnanda bhASyam / chAndogyAnanda bhASyam bRhadAraNyakAnandabhASyam vedarahasyam -saMgrAhaka bodhAyana puruSottamAcArya -rahasyamArtaNDabhASya -mArtaNDabhASyadIpikA - rAmaprapannAcArya saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 557 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #574
dvaitavAdI mAdhvavedAnta pratha brahmasUtra pUrNaprajJa bhASyam -vyAkhyA - madhvAcArya - jayatIrtha - vyAsatIrtha - rAghavendratIrtha - jayatIrtha -AnandatIrtha (srvmuulm-||) gItAtAtparyaniNarya (srvmuulm-|||) nyAyavivaraNam dvAdazastotram kRSNAmRtamahArNava taMtrasArasaMgraha sadAcArasmRti bhAgavatatAtparyanirNaya mahAbhAratAtparyanirNaya (sarvamUlam- IV) SaTpraznaTIkA vAdAvalI sattattvaratnamAlA sattattvaratnAvalI sUtrArthAmRtalaharI gItAtAtparyanirNaya gItA-mAdhvabhASyam (sarva muulm-|) brahmasUtrANubhASyam aNuvyAkhyAnam pramANalakSaNa sAra vedabhASyam dezApaniSadbhASyam - kRSNAvadhUta paNDita - rAmaprasAda svAmI -madhvAcArya - maMkAladharmAcArya -bhASya -vyAkhyA brahmasUtra-bhAskarabhASyam 558/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #575
zuddhAdvaita (vallabha) vedAntagranthA : -nirbhayarAma bhaTTa adhikaraNasaMgraha antaHkaraNa prabodha -paMcaTIkopeta - gokulanAtha, raghunAtha, harirAma, vrajarAja, puruSottama - puruSottama gosvAmI avatAravAdAvalI -vivRti utsavaprasAda (saMvatsarotsava kAlanirNaya) kAmAkhyadoSa vivaraNam puSTimArgalakSaNAni kRSNAzrayastotram -vyAkhyASaTkopetam - mAdhavazarmA - raghunAtha, kalyANarAya, govindarAja, dvArikezvara, vrajarAjAdi - vallabhAcArya - puruSottama, indireza gAyatrImaMtrabhASyam -vyAkhyA gItAtAtparyam gUDhArthadIpikA (rAsapaMcAdhyAyI bhramaragItavyAkhyA) govindalIlAmRtam catuHzlokI SaTTIkopetA - dhanapatisUri nirNayArNava -bAlakRSNa bhaTTa (vividha zaMkA nivartaka) nyAyAdeza karAvalambanam - puruSottama gosvAmI -vivaraNa puruSottamanAmasahasram - raghunAtha -nAmacandrikA puSTipravAhamaryAdA -balabhadrabhaTTa -vivaraNacatuSTaya puSTimArgapramANanirNaya - aniruddha gosvAmI puSTimArgIya paramparAnirNaya prameyaratnArNava - bAlakRSNa bhaTTa prasthAnaratnAkara - gosvAmI puruSottama prAbhaMjana : (zuddhAdvaitamaNDana para sahasrAkSakhaNDanaparazca) - viThThalanAtha gosvAmI -mArutazaktivyAkhyA - govardhanazarmA brahmavAda - gosvAmI harirAya -vivaraNa - gopAlakRSNa bhaTTa brahmavAda - gosvAmI vrajanAtha brahmasUtra aNubhASyam - vallabhAcArya -bhASyapradIpa - icchArAma bhaTTa -bhASyaprakAza - puruSottama -bhASyaprakAzarAzmi -gopezvara -aNuvyAkhyAnapAMcakam - muralIdhara prabhRti -bAlabodhinI - zrIdhara pAThaka brahmasUtravRtti-marIcikA -vrajanAtha bhaTTa -bhAvaprakAzikA - gosvAmI zrIkRSNacandra bhaktimArtaNDa - gosvAmI gopezvara bhaktihaMsa - gosvAmI viThThalanAtha -bhaktitaraGgiNI - raghunAtha -vyAkhyA - puruSottama bhaktivardhinI -caturdazavivRti bhAgavatavyAkhyA subodhinI - vallabhAcArya -TippaNI, prakAza -viThThalanAtha, puruSottama mAdhuryakAdambinI - vizvanAtha cakravartI vallabhASTakam -vivaraNacatuSTaya - gokulezAdi vAdAvalI - gosvAmI puruSottamAdi vidvanpaNDanam - viThThalanAtha dIkSita - kRSNadAsa - vallabhAcArya, vrajarAja, zrIkRSNadAsa, dvArakeza, kalyANarAya, puruSottama - vallabhAcArya - vallabha dIkSita - gosvAmI puruSottama tattvArthadIpa -AvaraNa bhaMgavyAkhyA -prakAza -vidyA vaijayaMtI trividhanAmAvalI -vivRti dravyazuddhi (sadAcAra pravartaka graMtha) navaratnam -vivRti nAmaratnastotram (viThThalezASTottarazata nAmAni) -vyAkhyA catuSTayam nirokhalakSaNam -SaDvivaraNAni vallabhavaMzavRkSa - vallabhAcArya -viThThaleza - raghunAtha -devakInandana, gopezAdi - gopezAdi saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 559 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #576
- go. puruSottama - jagannAtha sudhI - govardhanazarmA - go. puruSottama -suvarNasUtra vyAkhyA rasavyAkhyA vedAntacintAmaNi vedAntAdhikaraNamAlA zuddhAdvaita-siddhAntasAra zuddhAdvaita-mArtaNDa -prakAza zrRGgArarasamaNDanam satsiddhAntamArtaNDa sampradAyapradIpa siddhAntamuktAvalI -vivRti siddhAntarahasyam -ekAdaza vivaraNa - go. girIdhara - rAmakRSNa bhaTTa - viThThaleza siddhAntasiddhApagA - balabhadra bhaTTa susidhdAntottama - goNapriyAdAsAcArya -svopajJavyAkhyA saMnyAsanirNaya sarvottamastotram - vallabhAcArya -vivRtidvaya bhaktihetunirNaya -vivRti - go. raghunAtha SoDazagranthA -vallabhAcArya saMskRtakAvye bhaktirasavivecanam - kRSNabihArI mizra puSTimArgIya stotraratnAkara (117 stotra) trividha-nAmAvalI -vivRti 560/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #577
nimbArka vedAnta grantha vedAntapArijAta-saurabham - nimbArkAcArya (brahmasUtrabhASya) vedAntasiddhAntasaMgraha - vanamAlI mizra (zruti siddhAnta) -siddhAntajAhnavI vedAntakArikAvalI -puruSottamaprasAda -(adhyAtmasudhAtaraGgiNI) / arthapaMcakanirNaya adhyAsa (parapakSa) girivajram - amolakarAmazAstrI kramadIpikA - kezavabhaTTa -vivaraNa - govindabhaTTa nimbArka vratanirNaya - dhanIrAma zrutyantakalpavallI - puruSottamadAsa zrutyantasuradruma ---"-- zrutisiddhAntamaMjarI - brajezvara prasAda siddhAntaratnAMjali - harilAla svadharmAmRtasindhu - rAmanArAyaNazaraNa devAcArya vairAgyasudhAsindhu - rAdhikAdAsa zyAmabindumahimA zrIgopAlalaharI -bajaraMgadAsa vedAntaratnamaMjUSA -nimbArkAcArya (dazazlokI vyAkhyA) -siddhAntajAhanavI - gopAlazAstrI nene -vyAkhyA (setu) - puruSottama -vyAkhyA (laghumaMjUSA) - anantarAma vedAntatattvabodha brahmasUtrasiddhAnta jAhnavI -siddhAntasetu vyAkhyA -sundarabhaTTa vedAntakaustubha - zrInivAsAcArya (brahmasUtrabhASya) -prabhAvRtti vedAntakAmadhenu brahmasUtrabhASyam - bhAskarAcArya - kizoradAsa - zrInivAsAcArya prapantasuratarumaMjarI -prapannakalpavallI paMcakalAnuSNAtamImAMsA laghustavarAjastotram __-vyAkhyA nimbArkasahasranAmastotram rAdhAkaTAkSastotram mukundamahinaH stotram vedAntatattvasudhA - nimbArka saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 561 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #578
pariziSTa (Ja) kAzmIra zaivadarzanagrantha amaraugha-zAsanam - gorakSanAtha IzvarapratyabhijJA - utpaladeva IzvarapratyabhijJAvimarzinI - abhinavagupta -bhAskarI uDDAmezvarataMtram kAmakalAvilAsa -puNyAnandAcArya -vyAkhyA janmamaraNavicAra - vAmadeva bhaTTa taMtravardhanakA - abhinavagupta taMtrasAra - abhinavagupta -viveka vyAkhyA - jayarathAcArya netrataMtram -udyotavivaraNa -kSemarAja paramArthasAra -abhinavagupta -vivRti - yogarAjAcArya parAtriMzikA _ -vivRti -abhinavagupta pUrNatApratyAbhijJA -rAmezvara jhA pratyabhijJAhRdayam -kSemarAja SatriMzattattvasandohaH parApravezikA vAtUlanAtha sUtrANi -vRtti - anantazaktipAda bodhapaMcadazikA - harabhaTTa zAstrI paramArthacarcA -vivRti mahArthamaMjarI -mahezvarAnanda -parimala vyAkhyA -vijJAnakaumudI vivRti -kSemarAja zivopAdhyAya mahAnayaprakAzaH -zitikaNThAcArya mAlinIvijayataMtram mAlinIvijayavArtikam - abhinava gupta lallezvarI vAkyAni - bhAskarAcArya narezvara parIkSA -prakAzavyAkhyA - rAmakaNTha vijJAnabhairavaH -kSemarAja -vivRti -zivopAdhyAya zivadRSTiH -somAnandanAtha -vRtti -utpaladeva zivasUtram zivasUtravArtikam - varadarAja zivasUtravRtti - kallaTavRtti spandakArikA -bhAskara -vivRti, vyAkhyA -rAmakaNThAcArya zivasUtravimarzinI -vasugupta -vyAkhyA -kSemarAja SaTtriMzattattvasandohabhAvopahAra anuttaraprakAza siddhitrayI (ajaDa pramAtRsiddhi, Izvarasiddhi sambandhasiddhizva) - utpaladeva IzvarapratyAbhijJAkArikA vRttiH - stavacintAmaNiH -nArAyaNabhaTTa -vivRti -kSemarAja spanda (kArikA) nirNaya -kSemarAja spandasandohaH -kSemarAja svacchandataMtram -kSemarAja vAmakezvarI matavivaraNam gandharvataMtram zrIvidyArNavataMtram 562 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #579
pAzupata darzana grantha gaNakArikA -ratnavyAkhyA pAzupatasUtram pAzupatasUtrabhASyam - kauNDinya vIrazaivadarzana grantha krisAsAraH - nIlakaNThazivAcArya durvAdadUrIkaraNam -kAzInAthazAstrI nandikezvarakArikA sUtravimarzinI - nandikezvara (prathama upamanyu muni) prabhudeva vacanAmRtam - ma.ma.gopInAtha kavirAja bhaTTanArAyaNopaniSad __ -zaivabhASya -cidghanazarmA zivAcArya liGgadhAraNacandrikA - nandikezvara -zaradvyAkhyA vIrazaivaratnam vIrazaivAnandacandrikA - nirajaMna paritoSAcArya zivayogI siddhAntazikhAmaNiH -zivayogI zivAcArya saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 563 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #580
pariziSTa - (Ta) jainavAGmaya (dharmazAstra, Agama, stotra-pUjA, zvetAmbara vAGmaya, darzana, kAvya) jaina granthAH dharmazAstra-Agama iSTopadezaH nItisAraH ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAraH - AcArya samantabhadra mokSapaMcAzikA taMtrArthasAraH - amRtacandrasUri zrutAvatAraH padmanandi pacaviMzAtikA - padmanandAcArya adhyAtmataraMgiNI puruSArthasiddhyupAyaH - amRtacandrasUri cAritrasAraH -cAmuNDarAya sarvArthasiddhiH - pUjyapAdasvAmI adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa -rAjamalla yogasAraH - amitagatyAcArya anilyabhAvanA - padmanandI lATIsaMhitA -kavivara rAjamalla zrAvakadharmapradIpaH - AcArya kunthusAgara sudharmadhyAnapradIpaH - munisudharmasAgara laghujJAnAmRtasAraH -AcArya kunthusAgara tattvArthasUtram - umAsvAmI zrAvakapratikramaNasAraH -AcArya kunthusAgara tattvArthasUtram - umAsvAmI yuktyanuzAsanam - svAmI samantabhadra tattvArthasUtravRttiH - zrutasAgara vicAramatam - tAraNataraNamaNDalAcArya tattvArthasUtravRttiH - bhAskarAnandI tAraNatriveNI - tAraNataraNamaNDalAcArya tattvArtharAjavArtikam -akalaMka bhaTTa jainastotra-pUjA-graMthAH tattvArthavArtivAbhASyam -vidyAnanda devAgamastotram -samantabhadra tattvArthasAraH - amRtacandrasUri pAtrakesarIstotram -vidyAnandasvAmI paMcAdhyAyI -rAjamalla parameSThIguNastotram arthaprakAzikA - umAsvAmI ekIbhAvastotram - vAdirAja sUri zAntisudhAsindhuH - muni kunthusAgara bhaktAmarastotram - mAnatuMgAcArya AtmAnuzAsanam - guNabhadrasvAmI zrIpurapArzvanAthastotram jJAnArNavaH - zubhacandrAcArya caturviMzatikAstutiH - sadharmasAgara sAgAradharmomRtam -AzAdhara bRhatsvayambhUstotram -samantabhadrAcArya dharmaparIkSA - amitagatyAcArya jinazatakam -samantabhadrAcArya amitagatizrAvakAcAra - amitagatyAcArya jinastotrasaMgraha (kAvyamAlA dvAdazAnuprekSA - somadeva sUri 7 guccha se) sArasamuccayaH - kulabhadrAcArya ajitazAntinAthastavanam pUjyapAdazrAvakAcAra - pUjyapAdasvAmI pratiSThAsAroddhAraH - AzAdhara ratnamAlA - zivakoTi AcArya pratiSThAtilaka - nemicandradeva paMcasaMgrahaH - amitagatyAcArya siddhacakramaNDalavidhAnam - zubhacandra anagAradharmAmRtam -AzAdhara stutisaMgrahaH samAdhitaMtram - pUjyapAdAcArya -sAvacUrikaH samayasAra - kundakundAcArya siddhasenIyadvAviMzikA -siddhasena divAkara -vyAkhyA - kundakundAcArya laghucaityavaMdanacaturviMzatikA -vimalagaNi paMcAstikAyasamarasAraH - amRtacandrasUri nirvANakalikA - pAdaliptAcArya kalazavyAkhyA - amRtacandrasUri vItarAgastotram - hemacandrAcArya samayasArakalazaTIkA - rAjamalla caturviMzatikA - bappabhaTTasUri tattvArthadIpikA - umAsvAmI jainastotrasandohaH - saMgrAhaka-caturavijayamuni tattvAnuzAsanam - nAgasena mahAvIrastotram -jinavallabhasUri 564/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #581
- hemacandrAcArya - vibudhAvimalasUri vItarAgastotrAdisaMcaya zvetAmbara vAGmaya samyaktvaparIkSA dharmamAhAtmya dharmakalpadrumaH guNasthAnakramAroha dharmabiMdu zAntasudhArasa SoDazaka prakaraNam haribhadrIya aSTamaprakaraNa upadezasAraH zAntasudhArasa SoDazakaprakaraNam - udayadharmagaNi - ratnazekhara sUri - haribhadrasUri - vinayavijaya - haribhadrasUri haribhadrIya aSTamaprakaraNam upadezasaptati gaNadharasArdhazatakam upadezasAraH yogadRSTisamuccayaH prazamaratiprakaraNam -vyAkhyA pratimAzatakam jJAnArNavaprakaraNam lokatattvanirNayaH dravyalokaprakAzaH kAlabhAva lokaprakAza kSetra-lokaprakAzaH -somadharmagaNi - cAritrasiMha gaNi - kulasAragaNi - haribhadrasUri - umAsvAti - haribhadrasUri - yazovijaya - yazovijayagaNi - haribhadrasUri - vinayavijayagaNi - kulasAra gaNi - vinayavijaya - haribhadrasUri saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /565 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #582
(pariziSTa - Tha) jainadarzana - padAkavi prameyakamalamArtaNDa -prabhAcandrAcArya aSTasAhasrI - akalaMkabhaTTa AptamImAMsA (pramANamImAMsA)-samaMtabhadrAcArya saptabhaMgitaraMgiNI - vimaladAsa nyAyakumudacandra -prabhAcandrAcArya laghIyastraya -akalaMka nyAyavinizcayaH -akalaMka pramANasaMgraha -akalaMka AptaparIkSA -vidyAnaMdI -vyAkhyA nyAyavinizcayavivaraNam - vAdirAjasUri nayacakram - devasena bhaTTAraka parIkSAmukham - mANikyanaMdI pramANanirNayaH - vAdirAjasUri sthAdvAdasiddhiH - vAdIbhasiMha sUri nyAyadIpikA - dharmabhUSaNAcArya syAdvAdamaMjarI - hemacandrAcArya zAstravArtAsamuccayaH - haribhadrasUri aSTasAhastrIvivaraNam - yazovijayagaNi jalpakalpalatA - ratnamaNDanasUri SaDdarzanasamuccayaH - haribhadrasUri -vyAkhyA - guNaratna utpAdAtisiddhiH - candrasenasUri syAdvAdarahasyatrayam - yazovijayasUri nayopadezaH nyAyAlokaH nyAyakhaNDakhAdyaprakaraNam gurutattvavinizcayaH pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra -vAdidevasUri prameyaratrakozaH - caMdraprabhasUri anekAntajayapAtAkA - haribhadra jJAnabinduprakaraNam - zayovijaya vedavAdadvAtriMzikA -siddhasena divAkara nyAyakusamAMjali ___ (yA mahAvIrapUjA) - nyAyavijaya nyAyatIrthaprakaraNam - nyAyavijaya jainatarkavArtikam - jJAnAcArya yogadarzana yogaviMzikA - yazovijaya pramANaparibhASAsUtram - vijayadharmasUri nyAyAvatAraH -siddhasena divAkara sanmatitarka-prakaraNam -siddhasena divAkara syAdvAdaratnAkaraH -vAdideva sUri jainatarkabhASA - yazovijaya ratnAkarAvatArikA - ratnaprabhAcArya syAdvAdamaMjarI - malliSeNasUri pramANamImAMsA -hemacandra anekAntavyavasthA prakaraNam - yazovijaya nyAyAvatAravArtikavRttiH - zAntisUri nyAyamaMjarI granthibhaMgaH -cakradhara syAdvAdabinduH -darzanavijaya gaNi nayarahasyaprakaraNAdidazagranthAH - yazovijaya gaNi pramANaprakAzaH - devabhadrasUri jaina kAvya evaM purANAdi sphuTa grantha candraprabhacaritam pAzvAbhyudayam dharmazarmAbhyudayamahAkAvyam yazastilakacampU: vardhamAnacaritam zAntinAthacaritam - ajitaprabhAcArya sudarzanacaritam - munividyAnandI sthavirAvalIcaritam - hemacandra tilakamaMjarI tilakamaMjarIsAra -pallIpAla dhanapAla jIvandharacampUH AdipurANam -jinasenAcArya uttarapurANam - guNabhadra padmapurANam - raviSeNa mahApurANam - puSpadatta rAmacandracaritapurANam - nAgacaMdra vardhamAnapurANam - AcaNNa zAntinAthapurANam harivaMza-purANam - AcArya jinasena zAstravArtAsamuccayaH - haribhadrasUri -syAdvAdakalpalatA - yazovijaya zabdAnuzAsanam - AcArya malayagirI madanaparAjayaH - nAgadeva uktivyaktiprakaraNama - paNDita dAmodara AcArAMgasUtram sUtrakRtAMgasUtra -niyuktivyAkhyA - arAgakavi 566 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #583
| inly uttarAdhyAyanasUtram dravyasaMgraha dravyasaMgraha dhanaMjayanAmamAlA dharmaratnAkaraH nandisUtram -nemicandra saiddhAntikadeva - dhanaMjaya -jayasena -devavAcaka mUlazuddhiprakaraNam -vRtti -sthAnakAnti kIrtikaumudI-mahAkAvyam gadyaciMtAmaNi jaMmbUsvAmicaritam zrRMgAramaMjarIkathA svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA vizeSAbazyakabhASyam -vRtti syAdvAda muktAvalI - devacandrasUri - pradyumnasUrI -somezvara -vAdIbhasiMha - rAjamalla - bhojadeva - svAmI kArtikeya -durgapadavyAkhyA -viSamapadaparyAya -vRtti prameyaratnamAlA madanarekhA AkhyAyikA -candrAcArya - ajJAtakartRka -haribhadrasUri - anantavIrya - jinabhadra sUri saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa / 567 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #584
pariziSTa (Da) baudhdavAGmaya pramANavArtika bhASyam vRtti - ratnakIrti - vasubandhu -dharmakIrtI -dharmakIrti - mahAsaMdhikA - zAntideva prAtimokSasUtram bodhicaryAvatAra paMjikA baudhda-tarkabhASA -vI.jinAnanda - prajJAkaramati - mokSAkaragupta -kSemendra -azoka - haribhadra - gauDapAdAcArya aMguttaranikAya apohasiddhi abhidharmakoSaH abhidharmadIpaH bhibhASAprabhAvRtti abhisamAcArikA arthavinizvayasUtram avadAnakalpalatA azokanibandhau (avavinirAkaraNaM sAmAnya .. dUSaNaM ca) azokAvadAnam aSTasAhastrikA prajJApAramitA Aloka AgamazAstram arthazAlistambasUtram pratItyasamutpAdavibhaMga -nidezasUtram pratItyasamutpAdagAthAsUtram gaNDavyUhasUtram catuHzatakam caryAgItikoSa TippaNI jAtakamAlA subhASitaratnakaraNDakakathA jAtakasaMgraha jJAtaprasthAnazAstram jJAnasaMgraha paMjikA divyAvadAnam dhammapadam (anu.) nyAyabiMduH vyAkhyA paMcaskandha-prakaraNam bodhipathapradIpam - rigajita lunaDuba lAmA baudhdAlaMkArazAstram - subodhAlaMkArasaMgharakSita maMjuzrInAmasaMgItI -saMpA.DaoN.raghuvIra madhyamakazAstram - nAgArjuna madhyAntavibhAgazAstram - maitreyanAtha bhASya - vasubandhu mahAparinirvANasUtram mahAyAnasUtrasaMgraha mahAvastu avadAnam mUlasarvAstivAda vinayavastu ratnagotravibhAgo mahAyAnottarataMtrazAstram laMkAvatArasUtram lalitavistaraH vajrasUcI -azvaghoSa vajrasUcIupaniSad -prajJAnaMda vAdanyAya prakaraNam - dharmakIrti vigrahavyAvartanI - nAgArjuna vijJAptimAtratAsiddhiH - vasubandhu zikSAsamuccayaH - zAntideva sadhdarmapuNDarIkasUtram samAdhirAjasUtram suvarNaprabhAsasUtrama suvarNavarNAvadAnam mahAvadAna-mahAparinirvANasUtram - (anu.) rAhula sAMkRtyAyana saugatasiddhAntasArasaMgraha saugatasUtravyAkhyAnakArikA -kumArila svAmI - prabodha bAgacI,zAntibhikSu -AryazUra -AryazUra - kAtyAyanIputra - zAntarakSita -kamalazIla - pI.rAmacandruDu - dharmottarAcArya - vasubandhu 568 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #585
saMdarbhagraMtha sUcI For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #586
saMskRta vAGmaya koza- saMdarbhagraMtha sUcI 1) amarakoza kA kozazAstrIyaH kailAzacaMdra tripAThI 25) jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa : le.nAthurAma premI tathA bhASA zAstrIya 26) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad : paM. becaradAsa dozI / adhyayana itihAsa (bhAga-1) (pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama 2) arvAcIna saMskRta sAhitya : DaoN. zrI. bhA.varNekara zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI-5) (marAThI) 27) jaina sAhitya kA bRhada DaoN. jagadIzacaMdra jaina va 3) alaMkAra zAstra kA itihAsa : kRSNakumAra itihAsa (bhAga-2) DaoN.mohanalAla mehatA. 4) aSTAdaza purANa darpaNa : le.paM. jvAlAprasAda mizra (pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama 5) aSTAdaza purANa paricaya : DaoN.zrIkRSNamaNi tripAThI zodhasaMsthAna vArANasI-5) 6) AcArya pANini ke samaya : paM.yudhiSThira mImAMsaka 28) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad : DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA. vidyamAna saMskRta vAGa:maya itihAsa (bhAga-3) pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama 7) Adhunika saMskRta/nATaka : DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya zodhasaMsthAna vArANasI-5 (2 bhAga) 29) jaina sAhitya kA bRhada : DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA 8) Adhunika saMskRta sAhitya : DaoN. hIrAlAla zukla itihAsa (bhAga-5) va pro. hirAlAla kApaDiyA racanA- prakAzana, ilAhAbAda (pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama 1) Adhunika saMskRta sAhityA- : DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya zodhasaMsthAna vArANasI-5) nuzIlana 30) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad :paM. aMbAlAla zAha (pA.vi. 10) Ayurveda kA itihAsa : kavirAja vAgIzvara zukla itihAsa (bhAga-5) saM. vArANasI-5) 11) Ayurveda kA bRhad itihAsa : atrideva vidyAlaMkAra 12) itihAsa purANa kA : DaoN. rAmazaMkara mahAcArya 31) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad : (bhAga-6) anuzIlana itihAsa 13) itihAsa purANa sAhitya : DaoN. kuMvaralAla 32) jodhapUra rAjya kA itihAsa : DaoN.mAMgIlAla vyAsa / kA itihAsa (paMcazIla prakAzana, 14) kAlidAsa sAhitya koza : DaoN.hirAlAla zukla, ghoDArAstA, jayapUra) bhopAla vi.vi. 33) tAMtrika sAhitya :paM. gopInAtha kviraaj| 15) gaNita kA itihAsa : DaoN.vrajamohana 34) tibbata meM bauddha dharma :: paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana. 16) gaNita kA itihAsa sudhAkara dvivedI 35) darzanadigdarzana :rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 17) gaNitIya koza : DaoN.vrajamohana 36) dharmazAstra kA itihAsa : bhArataratna ma.ma. pAMDuraMga vAmana 18) campU kAvya kA : DaoN.chabinAtha tripAThI kaanne| (anu.arjuna caube AlocanAtmaka evaM kAzyapa-6 bhAga) aitihAsika adhyayana 19) bauddha dharma kA itihAsa : (cAU siAMga kuAMga) 37) dharmadruma : rAjeMdra prasAda pAMDeya 20) jayapura kI saMskRta sAhitya : DaoN.prabhAkara zAstrI (dharmazAstra-paricaya-vivecana kI dona (1835-1965) 38) 13 vIM zatI meM racita : DaoN. indu pacaurI 21) jinaratnakoza : jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, gujarAta ke aitihAsika (indaura vi.vi.) bhAvanagara saMskRta kAvya 22) jainadarzanasAra : viSNuzAstrI bApaTa 39) 13-14 vIM zatI ke jaina : DaoN. zyAmazaMkara dIkSita 23) jaina dharmadarzana :DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA saMskRta mahAkAvya pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama 40) 13 vIM zatI meM racita gujarAta ke aitihAsika zodhasaMsthAna,vArANasI-5 kAvya 24) jaina dharmAcA itihAsa : zrI.laDhe 41) nyAyakoza : paM. bhImAcArya jhaLakIkara (marAThI) 42) pANini : vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 570/ saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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43) pAlisAhitya kA itihAsa : bharatasiMha upAdhyAya / (hindI sAhitya sammelana prayAga) 44) purANatattva mImAMsA : zrIkRSNamaNi tripAThI 45) purANavimarza : paM. baladeva upAdhyAya 46) purANaviSayAnukramaNikA : DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya 47) purANavimarza : paM. baladeva upAdhyAya 48) purANaparizIlana : paM. giridharazarmA caturvedI 49) purANaparyAlocanam : (2 bhAga) DaoN. zrIkRSNamaNi tripAThI 50) paurANika koza : rAjAprasAda zarmA 51) prAcIna hiMdI :le.kR.vi.vjhe| bhArata itihAsa zilpazAstrasAra (marAThI) saMzodhana maMDaLa, puNe 52) pratizAkhyoM meM prayukta : DaoN.indra pAribhASika zabdoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 53) pramukha smRtiyoMkA adhyayanaH DaoN. lakSmIdatta ThAkUra 54) baghelakhaMDake saMskRta kAvya : DaoN. rAjIvalocana agnihotrI 55) bauddhadarzana mImAMsA :paM.baladeva upAdhyAya (caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI) 56) bauddhadarzana tathA anya bharatasiMha upAdhyAya bhAratIya darzana 57) bauddhadharma : gulAbarAya, (kalakattA 1943) 58) bauddhadharma ke vikAsa kA : goviMdacaMdra pAMDeya, (vArANasI, 1963) 59) bauddhadharmadarzana : AcArya narendra deva, (bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada paTanA, 1971) bauddha saMskRta kAvya mImAMsA :le. DaoN. rAmAyaNaprasAda dvivedI (kAzI hiMdu vi.vi. saMskRta graMthamAlA) 61) bhAratavarSIya caritra koza -siddhezvara zAstrI citrAva, puNe (3 khaMDa) 62) bhAratIya darzana -vAcaspati geraulA 63) bhAratIya darzana -paM. baladeva upAdhyAya 64) bhAratIya darzana - sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan 65) bhAratIya darzana zAstra kA - haridatta zAstrI itihAsa 66) bhAratIya nATyasAhitya - DaoN. ngendr|| 67) bhAratIya nyAyazAstra- -DaoN. brahmamitra avasthI ekaadhyayana 68) bhAratIya jyotiSya kA - DaoN. gorakhaprasAda itihAsa 69) bhAratIya nItizAstra kA -DaoN. bhikhanalAla Atreya itihAsa 70) bhAratIya purA itihAsa - aruNa koza 71) bhAratIya saMgIta kA - bha.za.zarmA itihAsa 72) bhAratIya saMgIta kA - DaoN. zaraccaMdra zrIdhara parAMjape, itihAsa bhopAla 73) bhAratIya saMgIta kA - umeza jozI itihAsa 74) bhAratIya saMskRti koza -saMpAdaka- mahAdeva zAstrI (marAThI) 10 khaMDa jozI, puNe 75) bhAratIya sAhitya kI - DaoN. bholAzaMkara vyAsa rUparekhA 76) bhAratIya sAhitya zAstra - paM. baladeva upAdhyAya, prasAda (do bhAga) pariSada kaashii| 77) bhAratIya vAstukalA -le. gupta, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA / vaaraannsii| 78) mahAbhArata sAra-prastAvanA -prakAzaka-zaMkararAva saranAIka pusada (mahArASTra) 79) mImAMsAdarzana (mImAMsA - DaoN. maMDanamizra kA itihAsa) 80) madhyakAlIna saMskRtanATaka - DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya 81) yazastilaka caMpUkA -DaoN. gokulacaMdra jaina, sAMskRtika adhyayana pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, zodhasaMsthAna vArANasI-5 82) rAjasthAna ke itihAsa ke - DaoN. gopInAtha zarmA / srota rAjasthAna hiMdI graMtha akAdamI jayapura 83) rAjasthAna sAhityakAra - rAjasthAna sAhitya akAdamI, paricaya koza udayapura 84) viddajana caritAmRtam / - kalAnAtha zAstrI 85) viMzazatAbdika - DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya saMskRtanATakam 86) vedamImAMsA - lakSmIdatta dIkSita 87) vedAntadarzana kA itihAsa - udayavIra zAstrI 88) vaidika evaM vedAMga sAhitya - DaoN. rAmezvaraprasAda mizra kI rUparekhA 89) vaidika sAhitya kI - DaoN. jozI-khaNDelavAla rUparekhA 90) vaidika sAhitya aura -vAcaspati garaulA saMskRti itihAsa saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa /571 For Private and Personal Use Only

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114) saMskRta sAhitya koza - DaoN. rAjavaMzasahAya hIrA / 115) sAMkhya darzana kA itihAsa - udayavIra shaastrii| 116) saMgIta viSayaka saMskRta - caitanya desAI graMtha (marAThI) 91) vaidika sAhitya aura -paM. baladeva upAdhyAya saMskRti 92) vaidika vAGmaya kA - paM. bhagavaddatta itihAsa (2 bhAga) 93) vaiSNava sampradAyoM kA -paM. baladeva upAdhyAya sAhitya aura siddhAMta 94) vyAkaraNa zAstra kA - DaoN. ramAkAnta mizra saMkSipta itihAsa 95) vyAkaraNazAstretihAsa - DaoN. brahmAnaMda tripAThI 96) hindU gaNitazAstra kA -anu.kRpAzaMkara shukl| itihAsa (le. vibhUtibhUSaNa datta / ) 97) hindU dharmakoza - rAjabalI pANDeya 98) hoLakara rAjavaMza viSayaka - oma prakAza jozI, saMskRta sAhitya (indora vi.vi.) 99) saMketa koza (marAThI) -saMpAdaka zrI haNamaMte 100) saMskRtakavidarzana -DaoN. bholAzaMkara vyAsa (caukhAMcyA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI) 101) saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA - DaoN. pAM. vA. kaanne| itihAsa (2 bhAga) anu. indracaMdra shaastrii| 102) saMskRta ke saMdezakAvya - DaoN. rAmakumAra AcArya 103) saMskRta ke aitihAsika - DaoN. zyAma zarmA nATaka 104) saMskRta patrakAritA kA - DaoN. rAmagopAla mizra itihAsa 105) saMskRta bhANa sAhitya kI - DaoN. zrInivAsa mizra samIkSA 106) saMskRta vAGmaya kA - sUryakAntazAstrI (orieMTala itihAsa lA~gamana na. dillI- 1972) 107) saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA - ramAkAnta mizrA saMkSipta itihAsa 108) saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM -prA. kapiladeva gaNapATha kI paraMparA aura AcArya pANini 109) saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstra - paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka kA itihAsa 110) saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA - satyakAma varmA udbhava aura vikAsa 111) saMskRta zAstroMkA itihAsa- paM. baladeva upAdhyAya 112) saMskRta sAhitya kA - DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya AlocanAtmaka itihAsa 113) saMskRta sAhitya kA - paM. baladeva upAdhyAya, itihAsa (zAradA maMdira banArasa 1956 117) Aspects of Buddhism - N.Dutta, and its relation to London-1930. Hinyana 118) Bengal's Contribution - S.K.De, to Sanskrit Litrature and Calcutta-1960 studies in Bengal Vaisnavism 119) Bibliography of playsin-C.C.Mehta, M.S. Indian Languages University Baroda and Bhartiya Natya Sanstha, New Delhi 120) Budhist Sanskrit works - Chintaharan of Bengal Chakravati, Indian Antiquery-1930 121) Bibliography of - by Pt. I.S.Sen, sanskrit works on New Delhi, 1966. Astronomy and Mathematics 122) Bengal's Contribution - Chintaharan to Sanskrit Literature Chakrawarti ABORI XIPt. 3,1930, PP-225-258 123) Bengal's Contribution - Md Shahidulla to Sanskrit learning Orintal conference II-Madaras-1925 124) Buddhist India - Rhys Davids, Delhi-1970. 125) Buddhist studies - B.C.Law, Calcutta - 1931 126) Budhisatva Doctrine in - Han Dayal, Buddhist Sanskrit London-1932 Literature 127) Buddhist Philosophy - A.B.Keith, Oxford 1923 128) Budhist India - Rhys Davids 129) Contribution of -J.B.Chaudhari Wemon to Sanskrit Prachhawani, literature Calcutta. 130) Contribution of -J.B.Chaudhari, Muslims to Sanskrit Prachyawani, literature Calcutta 131) Concepts of Buddhism - B.C.Law. 132) A Catalogue of chinese - B. Nanjio Oxford translation of the 1983 133) Buddhist Tripitaka Distionary of Sanskrit -K.V.Abhyankar Grammer 134) Early History of the N. Datt spread of Buddhism and Buddhists Schools 135) Glossory of Smriti - Dr.S.C.Banerjee Literature 572 / saMskRta vAGmaya koza - graMthakAra khaNDa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 136) History of Ancient Indian Mathematics 137) History of Hindu Mathematics 138) Hinayana and Mahayana 139) History of Sanskrit Literature 140) History of Buddhist thought 141) A History of Sanskrit (V.Vardachari) Literature Allahabad, 1952. 142) A History of Indian Logic 143) A History of Indian Literature 144) History of Indian Philosophy 145) History of Classical Sanskrit Literature 146) History of Sanskrit Literature 147) History of Anicient Sanskrit Literature 148) History of Indian Literature 153) India as described in the early Text of Buddhism and Jainism 154) Indian Philosophy - C.N.Shrinivasa lyangar, World Press, Calcutta - by 'Vibhutibhushan Datta and Aras Sing, Lahor, 1938' - R. Kimura 155) Indian Buddhism 156) Indian Literature in China and the Far-East 157) Indian Historical Quarterly - A.B.Kaith, Oxford Uni press, London. - E.J. Thomas 149) History of Sanskrit Literature 150) History of Fine Arts in by V.A.Smith India and Ccylon 151) Intorduction to Mahayana Buddhism 152) An Introduction to Indian Philosophy - Satish Chandra Vidyabhushan Calcutta Uni-1921. - 2 Vols Winternitz, Calcutta uni, Publication-1927 - S.N.Dasgupta, London. - Dasgupta & De. - Macdonell. - Max Muller. - Weber. - M. Krishnammachari - (W.M.Mc.Govern, - London, 1922) - Dutta and Chatterjee. Calcutta Uni-1939 - B.C.Law - S.Radha Krishnan, London, 1929 www.kobatirth.org - H. Kern. - P.K.Mukerjee 158) Journal of the American Oriental Society. 159) Journal of Bihar and Orisa Research Society. 160) Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 161) Literary History of Sanskrit Buddhism 162) Muslim Contribution to- M. Jatindravimal Sanskrit Literature Choudhari. - G.K.Nariman, Bombay-1920 163) National Bibliography of Indian Literature Kesav and V.Y. Kulkarni, 3 Vols. 164) More light on Sanskrit D.C.Bhattacharya Literature of Bengal 1 HQ. Vol. XX, 1946. 165) Muslim Patranage to - by Chintaharan Sanskrit Learning Chakrawarti, B.C.Law Vol.II. Calcutta, 1946 - J.B.Choudhari Calcutta-1942. by M.M.Patkar, Poona, Orientalist Vol.III. 166) Muslim Patranage to Sanskrit Learning 167) Moghal Patranage to Sanskrit Learning 168) Modern Sanskrit Literature 169) Modern Sanskrit Wrilings 170) Outlines of Buddshism - Rhys Davids-1934 - J.N.Faruhar. 171) Outline of Religious Literature of India 172) Paniniam Studies in Bengal 175) Sanskrit Literature of the Vaishnavas of Bengal Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - D.C.Bhattacharya Sir, Ashutosh Mukhargee Silver Jubilee Volilll. 173) Aecent Sanskrit - Gourinath Shastri Studies in Bengal Calcutta-1960. 174) Sanskrit Literature of - Chintaharam Modern times Chakravarti Bulletin of the Ramknshna Mission Institute of Culture. Vol VII/1956. Chintaharam Chakravati Prachyavani, Calcutta. - Indian Literature Vol.IV. M.Z.Siddiki Calcutta Review 176) Some Vaidyaka Literature of Bengal 177) Sanskrit Scholorship of Akbar's line ABPRI-XIII, 1937 178) Services of Muslims to Sanskrit Literature 179) Sanskrit Literature in Bengal during the Sen 180) Sanskrit Drama 181) Sanskrit Buddhist 182) Literature of Nepal Secred Literature of the Jains 183) Vangeeya Duta Kavyetihasah - V.Raghavan 1, Sahitya Akademi, N.Delhi - Dr. V. Raghavan Brahmavidya 185) Vedic Bibliography 186) Vedic Index For Private and Personal Use Only 1953-PP-215-25 M.M.Chakravarti JASB-1906. - A.B.Kaith - R.L.Mitra, Calcutta-1882. - Yakobi 184) Vaidyaka Literature of N.N.Dasgupta, Bengal in the early medieval period - J.B.Chaudhuri, Pracyavani Reserach Series Vol.IV. Cal-1953. Indian Culture (Vol. III-1936 PP 153-60) - Dr.R.N.Dandakar - Macdonald and Keith. saMskRta vAGmaya koza graMthakAra khaNDa / 573

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