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________________ THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.
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________________ zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA 2,7 jaina darzana uttarapradeza sarakAra dvArA puraskRta ] prAkkathana DaoN. maGgaladeva zAstrA ema0 e0, DI0 phila0 ( oNksana) lekhaka DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina ema0 e0, nyAyAcArya, nyAyadivAkara, jaina- prAcIna nyAyatIrtha ( sampAdaka --- nyAyakumudacandra, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, prameyakamalamArttaNDa, tattvArthavRtti, tattvArthavArtika, akalaGkagranthatraya, siddhivinizcayaTIkA Adi ) zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI
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________________ zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA __sampAdaka aura niyAmaka paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAkhI darabArIlAla koThiyA jainadarzana-prAdhyApaka, kAzI hindUvizvavidyAlaya prakAzaka maMtrI, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA 11128, DumarAvabAga-vasati assI, vArANasI-5 prathama saMskaraNa : 1100: vijayAdazamI vIrani0 saM0 2481, akTUbara. 1955. dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1100 : mahAvIra-jayantI vIrani0 saM0 2492, apraila 1966 mUlya : sAta rupae mudraka bAbUlAla jaina phAgulla mahAvIra presa bI0 20/44, bhelUpura, vArANasI-1
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________________ AdaraNIya saMskRtipriya sAhubandhu zrImAn sAhu zreyAMsaprasAdajI tathA zrImAn sAhu zAntiprasAdajI ko sAhutvasamRddhikI sAMskRtika maMgalabhAvanAse sAdara samarpita --mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryaM
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________________ apanI bAta zrI ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlAse zrIyukta paM0 mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcAryakI 'jainadarzana' jaisI svatantra kRtiko prakAzita karate hue jahA~ hameM harSa hotA hai vahA~ Azcarya bhii| harSa to isaliye hotA hai ki samAjake mAne hue vidvAnoMkA dhyAna aba uttarottara zrI ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlAkI ora AkRSTa ho rahA hai / AdaraNIya vidvAn paM0jaganmohanalAlajI zAstrIkI zrAvakadharmapradIpa-TIkAko prakAzita hue abhI kucha hI dina hue haiM ki anAyAsa hI yaha kRti granthamAlAko prakAzanake lie upalabdha ho gaI / aura Azcarya isalie hotA hai ki granthamAlAkaM pAsa paryApta sAdhana na hote hue bhI yaha saba cala kaise rahA hai ! yaha to samAjakA pratyeka vicAraka anubhava karatA hai ki jise 'svatantra kRti' saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai, aise sAMskRtika sAhityake nirmANakI isa samaya bar3I AvazyakatA hai| kintu isa mA~gako pUrA kiyA kaise jAya, yaha prazna sabake sAmane hai| eka to jaina samAja aneka bhAgoMmeM vibhakta honeke kAraNa usakI zaktikA paryApta mAtrAmeM apavyaya yoM hI ho jAtA hai| koI yadi kisI kAryako sArvajanika banAneke uddezyase sahayoga detA bhI hai to sahayoga lenevAloMke dvArA prastuta kiye gaye sAmpradAyika prazna va dUsare vyAmoha use bIcameM hI chor3aneke lie bAdhya kara dete haiM aura tathya pichar3ane lagatA hai| tathyake apalApakI yaha khIMcatAna kahA~ samApta hogI, kaha nahIM sakate / dUsare, jaina samAjakA AkAra choTA honeke kAraNa isa kAryako sampanna karaneke lie na to utane sAdhana hI upalabdha hote haiM aura na utanI udAra bhUmikA hI abhI niSpanna ho sakI hai| ye ar3a
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________________ jainadarzana caneM to haiM hii| phira bhI abataka jahA~, jisake dvArA bhI prayala hue haiM unako hameM sarAhanA hI karanI cAhie / aise hI prayatnoMkA phala prastuta kRti hai| isake nirmANa karAnemeM zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama banArasa va dUsare mahAnubhAvoMkA jo bhI sahayoga milA hai usake lie ve saba dhanyavAdake pAtra haiN| ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlAko yadi kucha zreya hai to itanA hI ki usane ise mAtra prakAzameM lA diyA hai| nyAyAcArya paM. mahendrakumArajIke viSayameM hama kyA likheN| itanA hI likhanA paryApta hogA ki jaina samAjameM darzanazAstrake jo bhI ine-gine vidvAn haiM unameM ye prathama haiN| inhoMne jainadarzanake sAtha saba bhAratIya darzanoMkA sAGgopAGga adhyayana kiyA hai aura isa samaya hindU vizvavidyAlayake saMskRta mahAvidyAlayameM bauddhadarzanakI gaddIko suzobhita kara ___ inhoMne hI bar3e parizrama aura adhyayanapUrvaka svatantra kRtike rUpameM isa granthakA nirmANa kiyA hai| grantha sAmAnyataH 12 adhikAroM aura aneka upaadhikAroM meM samApta huA hai| unheM dekhate hue ise hama mukhyarUpase tIna bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM-pRSThabhUmi, jainadarzanake saba mantavyoMkA sAGgopAGga UhApoha aura jainadarzanake virodhameM kI gaI TIkATippaNiyoMkI sAdhAra mImAMsA / granthake antameM jainadArzanika sAhityakA sAGgopAGga paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai| isalie saba dRSTiyoMse isa kRtikA mahattva bar3ha gayA hai| ___ isa viSayapara 'jainadarzana' isa nAmase abataka do kRtiyA~ hamAre dekhane AI haiN| prathama zrIyukta paM0 vecaradAsajI dozIkI aura dUsarI zve. muni zrInyAyavijayajIkI / pahalI kRti SaTdarzanasamuccayake jainadarzana-bhAgakA rUpAntaramAtra hai aura dUsaro kRti svatantra bhAvase likhI gaI hai| kintu isameM tatvajJAnakA dArzanika dRSTise vizeSa UhApoha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / pustakake antameM hI kucha adhyAya haiM, jinameM svAhAda,
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________________ apanI bAta saptamaMgI aura naya jaise kucha cune hue viSayoMpara prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zeSa pUrI pustaka tattvajJAnakI dRSTi se likhI gaI hai| isalie eka aisI maulika kRtikI AvazyakatA to thI hI, jisameM jainadarzanake sabhI dArzanika mantavyoMkA uhApohake sAtha vicAra kiyA gayA ho| hama samajhate haiM ki isa sarvAMgapUrNa kRti dvArA usa AvazyakatAkI pUrti ho jAtI hai / ataeva isa prayatnake lie hama zrIyukta paM0 mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcAryakA jitanA AbhAra mAneM, thor3A hai| prastuta pustaka para Aya vaktavya rAjakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya (ga0 saM0 kAleja ) ke bhUtapUrva priMsipala zrImAn DaoN. maMgaladevajI zAstrI, ema0 e0, DI0 phila0 ne likhA hai| bhAratIya vicAradhArAkA pratinidhitva karane vAle jo adhikArI vidvAn haiM unameM ApakI pramukha rUpase parigaNanA kI jAtI hai| isase na kevala prastuta pustakakI upayogitA bar3ha jAtI hai, apitu jainadarzanakA bhAratIya vicAradhArAmeM kyA sthAna hai, isake nizcaya karanemeM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| isa sevAke lie hama unake bhI atyanta abhArI haiN| __ yahA~ hameM sarva prathama guruvarya pUjya zrI 105 kSu0 gaNezaprasAdajI varNIkA smaraNa kara lenA atyanta Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki granthamAlAkI jo bhI pragati ho rahI hai vaha saba unake punIta zubhAzIrvAdakA hI phala hai| tathA aura bhI aise aneka udAra mahAnubhAva haiM jinase hameM isa kAryako pragati dene meM sakriya sahAyatA milatI rahatI hai| unameM saMsthAke upAdhyakSa zrImAn paM. jaganmohanalAlajI zAstrI mukhya haiM / paNDitajI saMsthAkI pragati aura kAryavidhikI ora pUrA dhyAna rakhate haiM aura AnevAlI samasyAoMko sulajhAte rahate haiM / ataeva hama una sabake vizeSa abhArI haiN| zrI ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlAkI anya pravRttiyoMmeM janasAhityake itihAsakA nirmANa karAnA mukhya kArya hai| abataka isa dizAmeM bahuta
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________________ jainadarzana kucha aMzameM prArambhika kAryakI pUrti ho gaI hai aura lekhana-kArya prArambha ho gayA hai / aba dhIre-dhIre anya vidvAnoMko kArya sauMpA jAne lagA hai| jo mahAnubhAva isa kAryameM lage hue haiM ve to dhanyavAdake pAtra haiM hii| sAtha hI granthamAlAko AzA hI nahIM, pUrNa vizvAsa bhI hai ki use isa kAryameM anya jina mahAnubhAvoMkA vA~chita sahayoga apekSita hogA, vaha mI avazya milegaa| prastuta pustakako isa tvarAse mudraNa karanemeM nayA saMsAra presake proprAiTara paM0 zivanArAyaNajI upAdhyAya tathA karmacAriyoMne jo parizrama kiyA hai usake liye dhanyavAda denA Avazyaka hI hai| ____ antameM prastuta pustaka viSayameM hama isa AzAke sAtha isa vaktavyako samApta karate haiM ki jisa vizAla aura adhyayanapUrNa dRSTikoNase prastuta kRtikA nirmANa huA hai, bhAratIya samAja usako usI dRSTikoNase apanAegI aura usake prasArameM sahAyaka bnegii| nivedakaphUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya 26 / 10.55 maMtrI, ga0 varNoM jaina granthamAlA, banArasa
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________________ dvitIya saMskaraNake sambandhameM prastuta granthakA prathama saMskaraNa vIra-nirvANa samvat 2481, san 1955 me prakAzita huA thA / jainadarzanake anugagI manISiyoM tathA anya jijJAsuoMne ise jisa Adara, ruci aura jijJAsAse apanAyA, vaha granthamAlAke lie garvako bAta hai / yaha mahattvapUrNa kRti kitanI lokapriya huI, isakA anumAna isIse laga jAtA hai ki yaha grantha tIna varSa pUrva hI durlabha evaM aprApya ho gayA thA aura logoMkI mA~ga nitya-prati A rahI thii| ____isake lekhaka svargIya DA. mahendrakumArajI Aja vidyamAna hote, to unhe apanI isa kRtiko lokapriyatA dekhakara kitanI pramannatA na hotii| unhoMne apane alpa kAryakAlame hI jainadarzanakI jo sevA kI hai, vaha adbhuta aura asAdhAraNa hai| nyAyakumudacandra (do bhAga ), nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( do bhAga), akalaGkagranthatraya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, tattvArthavAttika, tattvArthavRtti aura siddhivinizcayaTIkA (do bhAga) jaise mahanIya evaM vizAla dArzanika granthoMkA asAdhAraNa yogyatA aura vipula adhyavasAyake sAtha unhoMne sampAdana kiyA tathA unapara cintanapUrNa vistRta prastAvanAe~ likhI hai / unake adhyavasAyake phalasvarUpa hI ye apUrva dArzanika grantha prakAzameM A sake hai| antima granthapara to hindU vizvavidyAlaya kAzIne unheM pI-eca0 DI0 ( DaoNkTareTa ) kI upAdhi dekara sammAnita bhI kiyaa| isake sAtha hI vArANaseya-saMskRta-vizvavidyAlayane bhI unakI apane yahA~ jainadarzana-vibhAgake adhyakSapadapara niyukti karake unheM sammAna pradAna kiyA thaa| para bhavitavyatAne unheM ina donoM sammAnoMkA upabhoga nahIM karane diyA aura asamayameM hI isa saMsArase unheM calA jAnA par3A / ve Aja nahIM hai, para unakI amara kRtiyA~ vidyamAna hai, jo unheM cirasmaraNIya rkheNgii|
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________________ 2) jainadarzana ___granthamAlAke pAsa yadyapi Arthika sAdhana nahIM haiM, yaha spaSTa hai, phira bhI pUjya varNIjIkA, jinakI varada chAyA Aja hameM prApta nahIM hai, parokSa AzIrvAda aura unake upakAroMse upakRta samAjakA bala use prApta hai| 28 disambara 1665 meM granthamAlA-prabandha-samitikI vArANasI-baiThakameM isa granthake prakAzanakA prastAva rakhA gayA, jise samitine saharSapArita kiyaa| dAritva A jAnese usake prakAzanakI cintA honA svabhAvika thaa| suyogase hameM lA0 rAjakRSNajI jaina dillIke pautrake vivAhameM jAnekA suavasara milaa| hameM prasannatA hai ki lAlAjIne hamAre saMketapara turanta isakI 100 pratiyoMke prakAzanameM 700) tathA isI granthamAlAse pahalI bAra prakAzita ho rahI paM0 jayacandajI chAbar3A kRta dravyasaMgraha-bhASA vacanikAkI 100 pratiyoMke prakAzanameM 100 kula 800) kI udAra sahAyatA pradAna kii| lA0 zAntilAlajI jaina kAgajI dillIne bhI isako 25 pratiyoMke lie 150) kI sahAyatA kii| udhara zrInIrajajI jaina satanA bhI hameM 50 pratiyoMke lie svIkAratA de cuke the| ataH ina sabhI udAra mahAnubhAvoM aura granthamAlApremiyoMke sahayoga-balapara hama jaina darzana kA yaha dvitIya saMskaraNa nikAlanemeM sakSama ho sake haiN| isakA zreya granthamAlA-prabandha-samitike sadasyoM aura granthamAlA-premiyoMke sahayogako hai| yaha bhI kama suyogako bAta nahIM hai ki priya zrI bAbUlAlajI jaina phAgullane svAvalambI bananeko dRSTise hAlameM cAlU kiye apane mahAvIra-presameM isakA zIghratAke sAtha sundara prakAzana kiyA, jisake lie hama unheM tathA presameM kAma karanevAle sabhI logoMko dhanyavAda diye binA nahIM raha sakate / AzA hai isa dvitIya saMskaraNako bhI sahRdaya pAThaka usI taraha apanAyeMge, jisa taraha ve prathama saMskaraNako apanA cuke haiN| camelo-kuTora, -darabArIlAla koThiyA assI, vArANasI, ( ema0 e0, nyAyAcArya, zAstrAcArya) 24 mArca 1966 maMtro, varNograMthamAlA
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________________ prA ka tha na manuSyakI svAbhAvika pravRtti bahirmukha aura aindriyaka hai / vaha apane nika jIvanameM apanI sAdhAraNa AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti ke lie dRzya jagat; ApAtataH pratIyamAna svarUpase hI santuSTa rahatA hai / jIvanameM kaThina risthitiyoMke Anepara hI usake manameM samasyAoMkA udaya hotA hai aura 'ha jagat ke ApAtataH pratIyamAna rUpase, jisameM ki use kaI prakArakI lajhaneM pratIta hotI hai, saMtuSTa na rahakara usake vAstavika svarUpake jAnanelie aura usake dvArA apanI ulabhatoMke samAdhAna ke lie pravRtta hotA / isI tathyakA prAcIna granthoMmeM "parAci khAni vyatRNat svayambhUstasmAt parAG pazyati nAntarAtman / kazcid dhIraH pratyagAtmanyavaikSad AvRttacakSuramRtatvamicchan yvn 1 - kaThopa0 2 / 1 / 1 / sa prakArake zabdoMmeM prAyaH varNana kiyA gayA hai / vAstavameM dArzanika dRSTikA yahIM sUtrapAtra hotA hai / dArzanika dRSTi aura tAttvika dRSTi donoMko samAnArthaka samajhanA cAhie / vyaktiyoMke samAna jAtiyoMke jIvaname bhI dArzanika dRSTi sAMskRtika kAkI eka vizeSa avasthAme hI udbhUta hotI hai / bhAratIya saMskRtikI ramparAko ati prAcInatAkA bar3A bhArI pramANa isI bAta me hai ki usameM rzanika dRSTikI paramparA ati prAcInakAla se hI dikhalAI detI hai / stava meM usakA prArambha kaba huA, isakA kAla nirdhAraNa karanA atyanta kaThina hai /
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________________ jainadarzana vedoMkA vizeSataH RgvedakA kAla ati prAcIna hai, isameM sandeha nahIM / usake nAsadIya sadRza sUktoM aura mantroMmeM utkRSTa dArzanika vicAradhArA pAI jAtI hai| aise yugake sAtha, jaba ki prakRtike kArya-nirvAhaka tattaddevatAoMkI stuti Adike rUpameM atyanta jaTila vaidika karmakANDa hI AryajAtikA parama dhyeya ho rahA thA, uparyukta utkRSTa dArzanika vicAradhArAkI saMgati baiThAnA kucha kaThina hI dikhalAI detA hai| aisA ho sakatA hai ki usa dArzanika vicAradhArAkA Adi srota vaidikadhArAse pRthak yA usase pahilekA hI ho| brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASyameM kApila-sAMkhya darzanake liye spaSTataH avaidika kahA hai|' isa kathanameM hameM to kucha aisI dhvani pratIta hotI hai ki usakI paramparA prAgvaidika yA vaidiketara ho sakatI hai| jo kucha bhI ho, RgvedasaMhitAmeM jo utkRSTa dArzanika vicAra aMkita haiM, unakI svayaM paramparA aura bhI prAcInatara honA hI caahiye| jaina darzanakI sArI dArzanika dRSTi vaidika dArzanika dRSTise svatantra hI nahIM, bhinna bhI hai, isameM kisIko sandeha nahIM ho sakatA / hameM to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki uparyukta dArzanika dhArAko hamane Upara jisa prAgvaidika paramparAse jor3A hai, mUlataH jaina darzana bhI usIke svatantra vikAsako eka zAkhA ho sakatA hai / usakI sArI dRSTise tathA usake kucha pudgala jaise viziSTa pAribhASika zabdoMse isI bAtakI puSTi hotI hai / jaina darzanakA vizeSa mahattva : parantu jaina darzanakA apanA vizeSa mahattva usakI prAcIna paramparAko chor3akara anya mahattvake AdhAroM para bhI hai| kisI bhI tAttvika vimarzakA vizeSataH dArzanika vicArakA mahattva isa bAtameM honA cAhiye ki vaha 1. 'na tayA zrutiviruddhamapi kApilaM mataM zraddhAtu zakyam' / ' -bra0 sU0 zAM0 bhA0 2 / 1 / 1 /
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________________ prAkkathana 13 prakRta vAstavika samasyAoM para vastutaH unhIMkI dRSTise kisI prakArake pUrvagrahake binA vicAra kre| bhAratIya anya darzanoMmeM zabdapramANakA jo prAmukhya hai vaha eka prakArase unake mahattvako kucha kama hI kara detA hai / una darzanoMmeM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vicAradhArAkI sthUla rUparekhAkA aGkana to zabda-pramANa kara detA hai aura tattadarzana kevala usameM apane-apane raGgoMko ho bharanA cAhate haiN| isake viparIta jainadarzanameM aisA pratIta hotA hai, jaise koI bilakula sApha sleTa ( Tabula Rasa ) para likhanA zurU karatA hai / vizuddha dArzanika dRSTimeM isa bAtakA bar3A mahattva hai / kisI bhI vyaktimeM dArzanika dRSTike vikAsake liye yaha atyanta Avazyaka hai ki vaha svatantra vicAradhArAkI bhittipara apane vicAroMkA nirmANa kare aura paramparA-nirmita pUrvagrahoMse apaneko bacA ske| ____ uparyukta dRSTise isa dRSTimeM maulika antara hai / pUrvokta dRSTimeM dArzanika dRSTi zabdapramANake pIche-pIche calatI hai, aura jaina dRSTimeM zabdapramANako dArzanika dRSTikA anugAmI honA par3atA hai / jainadarzana nAstika nahIM : ___ isI prasaGgameM bhAratIya parzanake vipayameM eka paramparAgata mithyA bhramakA ullekha karanA bhI hameM Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / kucha kAlase loga aisA samajhane lage hai ki bhAratIya darzanako Astika aura nAstika nAmase do zAkhAeM hai| tathAkathita 'vaidika' darzanoMko Astika darzana aura jaina, bauddha jaise darzanoMko 'nAstika darzana' kahA jAtA hai / vastutaH yaha vargIkaraNa nirAdhAra hI nahIM, nitAnta mithyA bhI hai / Astika aura nAstika zabda "asti nAsti diSTaM matiH" (pA0 4 / 4 / 30 ) isa pANini sUtrake anusAra bane haiM / maulika artha unakA yahI thA ki paraloka ( jisako hama dUsare zabdoMmeM indriyAtIta tathya bhI kaha sakate haiM)
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________________ 14 jainadarzana kI sattAko mAnanevAlA 'Astika' aura na mAnanevAlA 'nAstika' kahalAtA hai / spaSTataH isa arthameM jaina aura bauddha jaise darzanoMko nAstika kahA hI nahIM jA sktaa| isake viparIta hama to yaha samajhate haiM ki zabdapramANako nirapekSatAse vastutattvapara vicAra karaneke kAraNa dUsare darzanoMkI apekSA unakA apanA eka AdaraNIya vaiziSTaya hI hai| jainadarzanakI dena bhAratIya darzanake itihAsameM jainadarzanakI apanI anokhI dena hai| darzana zabdakA philAsaphIke arthameM kabase prayoga hone lagA hai, isakA tatkAla nirNaya karanA kaThina hai, to bhI isa zabdakI isa arthameM prAcInatAke viSayameM sandeha nahIM ho sakatA / tattad darzanoMke liye darzana zabdakA prayoga mUlameM isI arthameM huA hogA ki kisI bhI indriyAtIta tattvake parIkSaNameM tattad vyaktikI svAbhAvika ruci, paristhiti yA adhikAritAke bhedase jo tAttvika dRSTibheda hotA hai usIko darzana zabdase vyakta kiyA jAya / aisI avasthAmeM yaha spaSTa hai ki kisI tattvake viSayameM koI bhI tAttvika dRSTi aikAntika nahIM ho sktii| pratyeka tattvameM anekarUpatA svabhAvataH honI cAhiye aura koI bhI dRSTi una sabakA eka sAtha tAttvika pratipAdana nahIM kara sktii| isI siddhAntako jainadarzanakI paribhASAmeM 'anekAnta darzana' kahA gayA hai| jainadarzanakA to yaha AdhArastambha hai hI, parantu vAstavameM pratyeka dArzanika vicAradhArAke liye bhI isako Avazyaka mAnanA cAhiye / bauddhika starameM isa siddhAntake mAna lenese manuSyake naitika aura laukika vyavahArameM eka mahattvakA parivartana A jAtA hai| cAritra hI mAnavake jIvanakA sAra hai| cAritrake liye maulika AvazyakatA isa bAtako hai ki manuSya eka ora to abhimAnase apaneko pRthak rakhe, sAtha hI hIna bhAvanAse bhI apaneko bacAye / spaSTataH yaha mArga atyanta kaThina
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________________ prAkkathana hai / vAstavika arthomeM jo apane svarUpako samajhatA hai, dUsare zabdoMmeM AtmasammAna karatA hai, aura sAtha hI dUsareke vyaktitvako bhI utanA hI sammAna detA hai, vahI uparyukta duSkara mArgakA anugAmI bana sakatA hai / isIliye sAre naitika samutthAnameM vyaktitvakA samAdara eka maulika mahattva rakhatA hai / jainadarzanake uparyukta anekAnta darzanakA atyanta mahattva isI siddhAntake AdhArapara hai ki usameM vyaktitvakA sammAna nihita hai / ___ jahA~ vyaktitvakA samAdAra hotA hai vahA~ svabhAvataH sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA, saMgharSa yA kisI bhI chala, jAti, jalpa, vitaNDA Adi jaise asadupAyase vAdiparAjayakI pravRtti nahIM raha sktii| vyAvahArika jIvanameM bhI khaNDanake sthAnameM samanvayAtmaka nirmANako pravRtti hI vahA~ rahatI hai / sAdhyakI pavitratAke sAtha sAdhanakI pavitratAkA mahAn Adarza bhI ukta siddhAntake sAtha hI raha sakatA hai| isa prakAra anekAntadarzana naitika utkarSake sAtha-sAtha vyavahArazuddhike liye bhI jainadarzanakI eka mahAn dena hai| vicAra-jagatkA anekAntadarzana hI naitika jagatmeM Akara ahisAke vyApaka siddhAntakA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / isIliye jahA~ anya darzanoMmeM paramatakhaNDanapara bar3A bala diyA gayA hai, vahA~ jainadarzanakA mukhya dhyeya anekAnta siddhAntake AdhArapara vastusthitimUlaka vibhinna matoMkA samanvaya rahA hai / vartamAna jagatkI vicAra dhArAko dRSTi se bhI jainadarzanake vyApaka ahiMsAmUlaka siddhAntakA atyanta mahattva hai| Ajakalake jagatkI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA yaha hai ki apane-apane paramparAgata vaiziSTayako rakhate hue bhI vibhinna manuSyajAtiyAM eka-dUsareke samIpa AveM aura unameM eka vyApaka mAnavatAkI dRSTikA vikAsa ho / anekAntasiddhAntamUlaka samanvayako dRSTise hI yaha ho sakatA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki na kevala bhAratIya darzanake vikAsakA anugama karaneke liye, api tu bhAratIya saMskRtike uttarottara vikAsako samajhaneke
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________________ 16 jainadarzana liye bhI jainadarzanakA atyanta mahattva hai / bhAratIya vicAradhArAmeM ahiMsAvAdake rUpameM athavA paramatasahiSNutAke rUpameM athavA samanvayAtmaka bhAvanAke rUpameM jainadarzana aura jaina vicAradhArAkI jo dena hai usako samajhe binA vAstavameM bhAratIya saMskRtike vikAsako nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| prastuta grantha: abhI taka rASTrabhASA hindImeM koI aisI pustaka nahIM thI, jisameM vyApaka aura tulanAtmaka dRSTise jainadarzanake svarUpako spaSTa kiyA gayA ho| var3I prasannatAkA viSaya hai ki isa bar3I bhArI kamIko prakRta pustakake dvArA usake suyogya vidvAn lekhakane dUra kara diyA hai| pustakakI zailI vidvattApUrNa hai / usameM prAcIna mUla granthoMke pramANoMke AdhArase jainadarzanake sabhI prameyoMkA bar3I vizada rItise yathAsaMbhava suvodha gailImeM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / vibhinna darzanoMke siddhAntoMke sAtha tadviSayaka prAdhunika dRSTiyoMkA bhI isameM sanniveza aura unapara pramaGgAnusAra vimarga karanekA bhI prayatna kiyA gayA hai / pustaka apaneme maulika, paripUrNa aura anUThI hai| nyAyAcArya Adi padaviyoMse vibhUpita pro0 mahendrakumAra jI apane vipayake pariniSThita vidvAn hai| jainadarzanake sAtha tAttvika dRSTise anya darzanoMkA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI unakA eka mahAn vaiziSTaya hai| aneka prAcIna durUha dArganika granthoMkA unhoMne bar3I yogyatAse sampAdana kiyA hai / aise adhikArI vidvAn dvArA prastuta yaha 'jainadarzana' vAstavameM rASTrabhASA hindIke liye eka bahumUlya dena hai| hama hRdayase isa granthakA abhinandana karate hai| banArasa / banArasa -maGgaladeva zAstrI ema0, e0, DI0 phila ( oNksana ), pUrva priMsipala gavarnameNTa saMskRta kAleja, banArasa 20 / 10 / 55 /
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________________ do zabda rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ke to unhoMne mujhe jaba bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzIse prakAzita nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa aura tattvArthavRttikI prastAvanA meM maiMne suhRdara mahApaMDita 'syAdvAda' viSayaka vicAroMkI AlocanA kI, ulAhanA diyA ki "kyoM nahIM Apa syAdvAdapara do grantha likhate - eka gambhIra aura vidvadbhogya aura dUsarA syAdvAda- pravezikA " / unake isa ulAhanene isa granthake likhanekA saMkalpa karAyA aura ukta donoM prayojanoMko sAdhaneke hetu isa granthakA janma huA / granthake likhaneke saMkalpake bAda likhanese lekara prakAzana takakI isakI vicitra kathA hai / usameM na jAkara una saba anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoMke phalasvarUpa nirmita apanI isa kRtiko mUrtarUpame dekhakara santoSakA anubhava karatA hU~ / jaina dharma aura darzanake sambandha meM bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI vibhinna sAmpradAyika aura saMkucita sAMskRtika kAraNoMse eka prakArakA upekSAkA bhAva hI nahIM, use viparyAsa karake pracArita karanekI pravRtti bhI jAnabUjhakara cAlU rahI hai / isake liye purAkAlameM jo bhI pracAra ke sAdhana - grantha, zAstrArtha aura rIti-rivAja Adi the, una pratyekakA upayoga kiyA gyaa| jahA~ taka vizuddha dArzanika matabhedakI bAta hai, vahA~ taka darzanake kSetra meM dRSTikoNoM kA bheda honA svAbhAvika hai / para jaba ve hI matabheda sAmpradAyika vRttiyoMkI jar3ameM cale jAte hai taba ve darzanako dUpita to kara hI dete haiM, sAtha hI svastha samAjake nirmANa meM bAdhaka bana dezakI ekatAko chinna-bhinna kara vizvazAntike vighAtaka ho jAte hai / bhAratIya darzanoMke vikAsakA itihAsa isa bAtakA pUrI taraha sAkSI hai / darzana aisI
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________________ 18 jainadarzana hai ki yadi isakA ucita rUpameM aura ucita mAtrAmeM upayoga nahIM kiyA gayA, to yaha samAja - zarIrako sar3A degI aura use visphoTake pAsa pahu~cA degI / jaina tIrthaGkaroMne manuSyakI ahaGkAramUlaka pravRtti aura usake svArthI vAsanAmaya mAnasakA spaSTa darzana kara una tattvoMkI ora prArambhase dhyAna dilAyA hai, jinase isakI dRSTikI ekAGgitA nikalakara usameM anekAGgitA AtI hai aura vaha apanI dRSTikI taraha sAmanevAle vyaktikI dRSTikA bhI sanmAna karanA sokhatI hai, usake prati sahiSNu hotI hai, apanI taraha use bhI jIvita rahane aura paramArtha honekI adhikAriNI mAnatI hai / dRSTimeM isa Atmaupamya bhAvake A jAne para usakI bhASA badala jAtI hai, usameM svamatakA durdAnta abhiniveza haTakara samanvayazIlatA AtI hai / usakI bhASAmeM parakA tiraskAra na hokara usake abhiprAya, vivakSA aura apekSA dRSTiko samajhane kI saralavRtti A jAtI hai / aura isa taraha bhASAmeM se Agraha yAnI ekAntakA viSa dUra hote hI usakI syAdvAdAmRtagarbhiNI vAksudhAse cAroM ora saMvAda, sukha aura zAntikI suSamA sarasane lagatI hai, saba ora saMvAda hI saMvAda hotA hai, visaMvAda, vivAda aura kalahakaNTaka unmUla ho jAte haiM / isa manaH zuddhi yAnI anekAntadRSTi aura vacanazuddhi arthAt syAdvAdamaya vANIke hote hI usake jIvana-vyavahArakA nakzA hI badala jAtA hai, usakA koI bhI AcaraNa yA vyavahAra aisA nahIM hotA, jisase ki dUsareke svAtantryapara A~ca pahu~ce / tAtparya yaha ki vaha aise mahAtmatva kI ora calane lagatA hai, jahA~ mana, vacana aura karmakI ekasUtratA hokara svastha vyaktitvakA nirmANa hone lagatA hai / aise svastha svodayI vyaktiyoMse hI vastutaH sarvodayo nava samAjakA nirmANa ho sakatA hai aura tabhI vizvazAntiko sthAyI bhUmikA A sakatI hai / 1. "manasyekaM vacasyekaM karmaNyekaM mahAtmanAm" /
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________________ do zabda bha0 mahAvIra tIrthaGkara the, darzanaGkara nhiiN| ve usa tIrtha arthAt taranekA upAya batAnA cAhate the, jisase vyakti nirAkula aura svastha banakara samAja, deza aura vizvakI sundara ikAI ho sakatA hai| ataH unake upadezako dhArA vastusvarUpakI anekAntarUpatA tathA vyakti-svAtantryakI carama pratiSThApara AdhArita thii| isIkA phala hai ki jainadarzanakA pravAha manaHzuddhi aura vacanazuddhi mUlaka ahiMsaka AcArako pUrNatAko pAnekI ora hai| usane paramatameM dUSaNa dikhAkara bhI unakA vastusthitike AdhArase samanvayakA mArga bhI dikhAyA hai| isa taraha jainadarzanakI vyAvahArika upayogitA jIvanakA yathArtha vastusthitike AdhArase buddhipUrvaka saMvAdI banAnemeM hai aura kisI bhI sacce dArzanikakA yahI uddezya honA bhI caahiye| prastuta granthameM maiMne isI bhAvase 'jainadarzana'ko maulikadRSTi samajhAnekA prayatna kiyA hai| isake pramANa, prameya aura nayakI mImAMsA tathA syAdvAdavicAra Adi prakaraNoMmeM itara darzanoMkI samAlocanA tathA Adhunika bhautikavAda aura vijJAnakI mUla dhArAoMkA bhI yathAsaMbhava AlocanapratyAlocana karanekA prayatna kiyA hai| jahA~ taka paramata-khaNDanakA prazna hai, maiMne una-una matoMke mala granthoMse ve avataraNa diye hai yA unake sthalakA nirdeza kiyA hai, jisase samAlocya pUrvapakSake sambandhame bhrAnti na ho| isa granthameM 12 prakaraNa hai| inameM saMkSeparUpase una aitihAsika aura tulanAtmaka vikAsa-bIjoMkI batAnekI ceSTA kI gaI hai, jinase yaha sahaja samajhameM A sake ki tIrthaGkarakI vANIke bIja kina-kina paristhiyoMmeM kaise-kaise aGkurita, pallavita, puSpita aura saphala hue| phAleta / 1. prathama prakaraNa-'pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana'meM isa karmabhUmike Adi tIrthaGkara RSabhadevase lekara antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra taka tathA unase Ageke AcAryoM taka jaina tattvakI dhArA kisa rUpameM pravAhita huI
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________________ jainadarzana hai, isakA sAmAnya vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isoMmeM jainadarzanakA yuga-vibhAjanakara una-una yugoMmeM usakA kramika vikAsa batAyA hai / 2. dvitIya prakaraNa-'viSaya praveza' meM darzanako udbhUti, darzanakA vAstavika artha, bhAratIya darzanoMkA antima lakSya, jainadarzanake mUla mudde Adi zIrSakoMse isa granthake viSaya-pravezakA silasilA jamAyA gayA hai / 3. tRtIya-'jainadarzanakI dena' prakaraNameM jainadarzanakI mahattvapUrNa virAsata-anekAntadRSTi, syAdvAda bhASA, anekAntAtmaka vastusvarUpa, dharmajJatAsarvajJatAviveka, puruSapramANya, nirIzvaravAda, karmaNA varNavyavasthA anubhavakI pramANatA aura sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanako pavitratAkA Agraha AdikA saMkSipta digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| 4. caturtha-'loka vyavasthA' prakaraNameM isa vizvakI vyavasthA jisa utpAdAdAdi trayAtmaka pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa svayameva hai usa pariNAmavAdakA, satke svarUpakA aura nimitta upAdAna AdikA vivecana hai / sAtha hI vizvakI vyavasthAke samvandhameM jo kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, puruSavAda, karmavAda, bhUtavAda, yadRcchAvAda aura avyAkRtavAda Adi pracalita the, unakI AlocanA karake utpAdAditrayAtmaka pariNAmavAdakA sthApana kiyA gayA hai| Adhunika bhautikavAda, virodhI samAgama aura dvandvavAdakI tulanA aura momAMsA bhI pariNAmavAdase kI gaI hai / 5. paJcama-'padArthasvarUpa' prakaraNameM padArthake trayAtmaka svarUpa, guNa aura dharmakI vyAkhyA Adi karake sAmAnyadizeSAtmakatvakA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| 6. chaThe-'paT dravyavivecana' prakaraNameM jIvadravyake vivecanameM vyApaka AtmavAda, aNuAtmavAda, bhUtacaitanyavAda Adiko mImAMsA karake AtmAko kartA, bhoktA, svadehapramANa aura pariNAmI siddha kiyA gayA hai / pudgala dravyake vivecanameM pudgaloMke aNu-skandha bheda, skandhakI prakriyA, zabda, bandha AdikA pudgalaparyAyatva Adi siddha kiyA hai / isI taraha
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________________ do zabda dharma dravya, adharma dravya, AkAza dravya aura kAladravyakA vividha mAnyatAoMkA ullekha karake svarUpa batAyA hai| sAtha hI vaizeSika Adiko dravya-vyavasthA aura padArtha-vyavasthAkA antarbhAva dikhAyA hai| isI prakaraNameM kAryotpattivicArameM satkAryavAda, asatkAryavAda AdikI AlocanA karake sadasatkAryavAdakA samarthana kiyA hai| 7. sAtaveM-'saptatattvanirUNa' prakaraName mumukSuoMko avazya jJAtavya jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoMkA vistRta vivecana hai| bauddhoMke cAra AryasatyoMkI tulanA, nirvANa aura mokSakA bheda, nairAtmyavAdakI mImAMsA; AtmAkI anAdivaddhatA Adi viSayoMkI caracA bhI prasaGgataH AI hai| zeSa ajIva Adi tattvoMkA vizada vivecana tulanAtmaka DhaMgase kiyA hai| 8. AThaveM-'pramANamImAMsA' prakaraNameM pramANake svarUpa, bheda, viSaya aura phala ina cAroM muddoM para khUba vistArase parapakSakI mImAMsA karake vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pramANAbhAsa, saMkhyAbhAsa, viSayAbhAsa aura phalAbhAsa zIrSakoMmeM sAMkhya, vedAnta, zabdAdvaita, kSaNikavAda Adiko mImAMsA kI gaI hai| Agama prakaraNameM vedake apauruSeyatvakA vicAra, zabdakI arthavAcakatA, apohavAdako parIkSA, prAkRta apabhraMza zabdoMkI arthavAcakatA, AgamavAda tathA hetuvAdakA kSetra Adi sabhI pramukha viSaya carcita hai / mukhya pratyakSake nirUpaName sarvajJasiddhi aura sarvajJatAke itihAsakA nirupaNa hai / anumAna prakaraNameM jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA aura patravAkya AdikA vizada vivecana hai / viparyayajJAnake prakaraNameM akhyAti, asatkhyAti Adiko mImAMsA karake viparItakhyAti sthApita kI gaI hai| 6. naveM-'nayavicAra' prakaraNameM nayoMkA svarUpa, dravyAthika-paryAyArthika bheda, sAtoM nayoMkA tathA tadAbhAsoMkA vivecana, nikSepa prakriyA aura nizcaya-vyavahAranaya AdikA khulAsA kiyA gayA hai| 10. dasaveM-'syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgo' prakaraNameM syAdvAdakI nirukti,
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________________ jainadarzana AvazyakatA, upayogitA aura svarUpa batAkara 'syAdvAda' ke sambandhameM mahApaMDita rAhula sAkRtyAyana, sara rAdhAkRSNan, pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAya, DaoN. devarAjajI, zrI hanumantarAvajI Adi Adhunika darzana-lekhakoMke matako AlocanA karake syAdvAdake sambandhame prAcIna A0 dharmakIti, prajJAkara, karNakagomi, zAntarakSita, arcaTa Adi bauddhadArzanika, zaMkarAcArya, bhAskarAcArya, nIlakaNThAcArya, rAmAnujAcArya, ballabhAcArya, nimbArkAcArya, byomazivAcArya Adi vaidika tathA tattvopaplavavAdI Adike bhrAnta matoMkI vistRta samIkSA kI gaI hai| saptabhaGgIkA svarUpa, sakalAdeza-vikalAdezakI rekhA tathA isa sambandhame A0 malayagiri Adike matokI momAsA karake syAdvAdako jIvanopayogitA siddha ko hai / isIme saMzayAdi dUSaNoMkA uddhAra karake vastuko bhAvAbhAvAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka, sadasadAtmaka, ekAnekAtmaka aura bhedAbhedAtmaka siddha kiyA hai| 11. gyArahaveM-'jainadarzana aura vizvazAnti' prakaraName jainadarzanako anekAntadRSTi aura samanvayakI bhAvanA, vyaktisvAtantryakI svIkRti aura sarva samAnAdhikArako bhUmipara sarvodayI samAjakA nirmANa aura vizvazAtikI saMbhAvanAkA samarthana kiyA hai / 12. bArahaveM-'jainadArzanika sAhitya' prakaraName digambara-zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoke prAcIna dArzanika granthokA zatAbdIvAra nAmollekha karake eka sUcI prastuta kI gaI hai| isa taraha isa granthame 'jainadarzana' ke sabhI aGgopara samUla paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| antame mai una sabhI upakArakokA AbhAra mAnanA apanA kartavya samajhatA hU~ jinake sahayogase yaha grantha isa rUpame prakAzame A gayA hai| suprasiddha adhyAtmavettA guruvarya zrI 105 kSullaka pUjya paM0 gaNezaprasAdajI varNIkA sahaja sneha aura AzIrvAda isa janako sadA prApta rahA hai| bhAratIya saMskRtike taTastha vivecaka DaoN0 maGgaladevajI zAstrI pUrva
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________________ do zabda prinsipala gavarnameMTa saMskRta kAlejane apanA amUlya samaya lagAkara 'prAkkathana' likhanekI kRpA kI hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzramakI lAibrerImeM baiThakara hI isa granthakA lekhana kArya huA hai aura usakI bahumUlya graMtharAzikA isameM upayoga huA hai / bhAI paM0 phUlacandra jI siddhAntazAstrIne, jo jaina samAjake khare vicAraka vidvAn haiM, Ar3e samayameM isa granthako jisa kasakaAtmIyatA aura tatparatAse zrIgaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlAse prakAzita karAnekA prabandha kiyA hai use maiM nahIM bhulA sktaa| maiM ina sabakA hArdika AbhAra mAnatA huuN| aura isa AzAse isa rASTrabhASA hindImeM likhe gaye prathama 'jainadarzana' granthako pAThakoMke sanmukha rakha rahA hU~ ki ve isa prayAsako sadbhAvakI dRSTise dekheMge aura isakI truTiyoMkI sUcanA denekI kRpA kareMge, tAki Age unakA sudhAra kiyA jA sake / vijayAdazamI -mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya vi0 saM0 2012 pradhyApaka saMkRta mahAvidyAlaya tA0 26 / 10 / 55) hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI
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________________ viSayAnukrama 1. pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana 1 - 26 karmabhUmikA prArambha Adya tIrthaGkara tIrthaGkara neminAtha tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha tIrthaGkara mahAvIra satya eka aura trikAlAbAdhita jainadharma aura darzanake mUla mudde jaina zruta donoM paramparAoMkA Agamazruta zrutavicchedakA mUla kAraNa kAlavibhAga siddhAnta - AgamakAla 1 zApakatattva 2 kundakunda aura umAsvAti 5 pUjyapAda 6 anekAntasthApanakAla 6 samantabhadra va siddhasena 8 pAtrakesarI va zrIdatta 8 9 11 12 13 14 pramANavyavasyAyuga jinabhadra aura akalaMka 27 darzana kI udbhUti darzana zabdakA artha 28 darzanakA artha nirvikalpaka nahIM 31 darzanakI pRSTabhUmi 32 darzana arthAt bhAvanAtmaka sAkSAtkAra darzana arthAt dRr3hapratIti 34 upAyatattva navIna nyAyayuga upasaMhAra 2. viSayapraveza 17 18 19 19 19 20 21 21 22 25 26 27-47 jaina dRSTikoNa se darzana arthAt naya 35 sudarzana aura kudarzana 37 38 darzana eka divyajyoti bhAratIya darzanoMkA antima lakSya 33 do vicAradhArAe~ yugadarzana 39 42 45
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________________ jainadarzana 3. bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 48-67 mAnasa ahiMsA arthAt anekAnta syAt eka praharI 57 dRSTi 48 syAtkA artha zAyada nahIM 57 vastu sarvadharmAtmaka nahI 50 avivakSitakA sUcaka 'syAt' 58 anekAntadRSTikA vAstavika kSetra 50 dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatA mAnasa samatAko pratIka 51 nirmala AtmA svayaM pramANa syAdvAda eka nirdoSa bhASA zailI 52 nirIzvaravAda ahisAkA AdhArabhUta tattvajJAna : karmaNA varNavyavasthA anekAntadarzana 53 anubhavako pramANatA vicArakI caramarekhA 54 sAdhanakI pavitratAkA Agraha svataH siddha nyAyAdhIza 55 tattvAdhigamake upAya vAcanika ahisA : syAhAda 56 4. lokavyavasthA 68-131 lokavyavasthAkA mUla mantra 68 puNya aura pApa kyA ? 2 pariNamanoke prakAra 70 goDase hatyArA kyo? 12 pariNamanakA koI apavAda nahI 71 eka hI prazna eka hI uttara 63 dharmadravya 72 kAraNahetu adharmadravya 73 niyati eka bhAvanA hai AkAzadravya 73 karmavAda kAladravya 73 karma kyA hai ? nimitta aura upAdAna 75 karmavipAka kAlavAda 80 yadRcchAvAda svabhAvavAda 81 puruSavAda niyativAda IzvaravAda A0 kundakundakA akartatvavAda 88 bhUtavAda
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________________ avyAkRtavAda utpAdAditrayAtmaka pari NAmavAda do viruddha zaktiyA~ loka zAzvata hai 110 dravyayogyatA aura paryAyayogyatA 110 viSayAnukrama 108 cetanasRSTi samAjavyavasthAke liye karmakI kAraNatA jar3avAda aura pariNAmavAda jar3avAdakA Adhunika rUpa jar3avAdakA eka aura svarUpa virodhisamAgama arthAt utpAda aura vyaya guNa aura dharma artha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai svarUpAstitva aura santAna santAnakA khokhalApana ucchedAtmaka nirvANa aprA tItika hai chaha dravya jIvadravya vyApaka AtmavAda aNu AtmavAda bhUtacaitanyavAda 106 109 samAjavyavasthAkA AdhAra samatA jagatsvarUpa ke do pakSa vijJAnavAda 112 112 195 116 116 5. padArthakA svarUpa jar3avAdo anupayogitA 121 loka aura aloka loka svayaM siddha hai jagat pAramArthika aura svataH siddha hai 1 133 do sAmAnya 134 do vizeSa sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka arthAt dravyaparyAyAtmaka 134 136 137 6. Sadravya vivecana 142 142 143 120 122 123 128 128 126 132 - 141 139 139 140 142-197 icchA Adi Atmadharma haiM karttA aura bhoktA rAgAdi vAta-pitAdike dharma 144 150 nahIM 145 vicAra vAtAvaraNa banAte haiM 150 147 14e
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________________ 28 janadarzana svarUpa pudgaladravya kAladravya ska 187 jaisI karanI vaimo bharanI 152 zabda AkAzakA guNa nahIM 174 nUtana zarIradhAraNakI prakriyA 155 AkAza prakRtikA vikAra nahIM 175 sRSTicakra svayaM cAlita hai 157 bauddhaparamkarAme AkAgakA jIvoMke bheda : saMsArI aura mukta 156 177 177 skandhoke bheda 162 vaizepika mAnyatA 178 skandha Adi cAra bheda 163 bauddhaparamparAme kAla 176 bandhakI prakriyA 164 vaizepikakI dravyamAnyatAkA vicAra 176 zabda Adi pudgalako paryAye hai 165 guNa Adi svatantra padArtha nahIM 180 zabda zaktirUpa nahI hai 166 avayavIkA svarUpa pudgalake khela 167 guNa Adi dravyarUpa hI hai 186 chAyA pudgalakI paryAya hai 168 rUpAdi guNa prAtibhAsika eka hI pudgala maulika 166 nahIM hai pRthivI Adi svatantra dravya nahIM 166 kAryotpatti-vicAra 162 prakAza va garamI zaktiyAM nahIM 170 sAMkhyakA satkAryavAda 162 paramANukI gatizIlatA 171 naiyAyikakA asatkAryavAda 163 dharmadravya aura adharmadravya 172 bauddhoMkA asatkAryavAda 193 AkAzadravya 173 jainadarzanakA sadasatkAryavAda 164 dizA svatantra dravya nahIM 174 dharmakItike AkSepakA samAdhAna 165 7. tattva-nirUpaNa 108-245 tattvavyavasthAkA prayojana 198 tattvoMke do rUpa 205 bauddhoMke cAra Aryasatya 196 tattvoMkI anAditA 206 buddhakA dRSTikoNa 200 AtmAko anAdivaddha mAnanekA jainoke sAta tattvokA mUla kAraNa 207 AtmA 202 vyavahArase jIva mUrtika bhI hai 210 201
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________________ viSayAnukuma 232 238 241 241 AtmAkI dazA 210 dopanirvANakI taraha AtmadRSTi hI samyagdRSTi 214 AtmanirvANa nahIM nairAtmyavAdako asAratA 217 nirvANameM jJAnAdi guNoMkA paJcaskandharUpa AtmA nahIM 218 sarvathA uccheda nahIM hotA 233 AtmAke tIna prakAra 220 milindra prazna ke nirvANacAritrakA AdhAra 220 varNanakA tAtparya 234 ajIvatattva 222 mokSa na ki nirvANa 237 bandhatattva 224 saMvaratattva cAra bandha 225 samiti 239 Asravatattva 226 dharma 236 mithyAtva 227 anuprekSA avirati 227 parISahajaya pramAda 228 cAritra 241 kaSAya yoga 226 nirjarAtattva 242 do Asrava 230 mokSake sAdhana 243 mokSatattva 231 pramANamImAMsA 246-440 jJAna aura darzana 246 indriyavyApAra bhI pramANa nahIM 258 pramANAdi vyavasthAkA AdhAra 247 pramANya-vicAra 258 241 pramANasamplava-vicAra pramANakA svarUpa 262 pramANake bheda 264 pramANa aura naya 251 pratyakSakA lakSaNa 265 vibhinna lakSaNa do pratyakSa avisaMvAdako prAyika sthiti 253 sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa tadAkAratA pramANa nahIM 255 indriyoMkI prApyakAritA sAmagrI pramANa nahIM 256 aprApyakAritA 266 252
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________________ 30 268 274 302 275 275 jainadarzana sannikarSa-vicAra 269 pratyabhijJAna zrotra aprApyakArI nahIM 271 saH aura ayamako do jJAna jJAnakA utpattikrama mAnanevAle bauddhakA khaMDana 296 avagrahAdi bheda 272 pratyabhijJAnakA pratyakSameM sabhI jJAna svasaMvedI hai 273 antarbhAva 300 avagrahAdi bahu Adi arthoke upamAna sAdRzyahote hai pratyabhijJAna hai 301 viparyayajJAnakA svarUpa 274 naiyAyikakA upamAna bhI asatkhyAti Adi viparyayarUpa ___sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna hai nahIM tarka 303 viparyayajJAnake kAraNa vyAptikA svarUpa 308 anirvacanIyArthakhyAti nahIM 276 anumAna akhyAti nahIM liMgaparAmarza anumitikA asatkhyAti nahIM 276 kAraNa nahIM 309 viparyajJAna avinAbhAva tAdAtmya tadutpatti smRtipramoSa se niyantrita nahIM saMzayakA svarUpa 311 sAdhya 311 pAramArthika pratyakSa 312 avadhijJAna anumAnake bheda 278 svArthAnumAnake aMga manaHpayaMyajJAna kevalajJAna dharmIkA svarUpa 313 276 314 sarvajJatAkA itihAsa parArthAnumAna parokSa pramANa 314 parArthAnumAnake do avayava 292 cArvAkake parokSapramANa avayavoMkI anya mAnyatAe~ 315 na mAnanekI AlocanA 264 prakSaprayogako AvazyakatA 316 smaraNa 265 udAharaNakI vyarthatA 317 310 276 sAdhana mr r 278 r mm 276 280
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________________ 380 lor 383 viSayAnukrama 31 hetusvarUpa-mImAMsA 319 zabdako arthavAcakatA 364 hetuke prakAra 324 anyApoha zabdakA vAcya nahIM 364 kAraNahetukA samarthana 325 sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara vAcya hai 366 hetu 327 prAkRta-apabhraMza zabdoMkI artha vAcakatA 373 hetuke bheda upasaMhAra 379 adRzyAnupalabdhi bhI jJAnake kAraNa abhAvasAdhikA 331 bauddhoMke cAra pratyaya aura udAharaNAdi 333 tadutpatti Adi 381 vyApya aura vyApaka 334 artha kAraNa nahIM akasmAt dhUmadarzanase hone- Aloka bhI jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM 386 vAlA agnijJAna pratyakSa nahIM 336 pramANakA phala 387 arthApatti anumAnameM anta- pramANa aura phalakA bhedAbheda 389 bhUta hai 336 pramANAbhAsa 390 saMbhava svatantra pramANa nahIM 338 sannikarSAdi pramANAbhAsa 362 abhAva svatantra pramANa nahIM 338 pratyakSAbhAsa 392 kathA-vicAra 340 parokSAbhAsa 393 sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanoMkI bhI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa 393 pavitratA 343 mukhyapratyakSAbhAsa 393 jaya-parAjayavyavasthA 345 smaraNAbhAsa 393 patravAkya 350 pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa 393 Agamazruta 352 tarkAbhAsa 394 zrutake tIna bheda 353 anumAnAbhAsa 394 AgamavAda aura hetuvAda 354 hetvAbhAsa 395 vedake apauruSeyatvakA vicAra 359 dRSTAntAbhAsa 400 zabdArthapratipatti 363 udAharaNAbhAsa 402
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________________ 32 jainadarzana bAlaprayAgAbhAsa AgamAbhAsa saMkhyAbhAma viSayAbhAsa brahmavAda-vicAra zabdAdvaitavAda-samIkSA 403 sAkhyaka pradhAna sAmAnyavAda kI mImAMsA 418 403 vizeSa padArthavAda 427 403 (kSaNikavAdamImAMsA) 404 vijJAnavAdako samIkSA 435 zUnyavAdako AlocanA 435 405 ubhayasvatantravAdamImAMsA 439 415 phalAbhAsa 2. nayavicAra 441-479 457 sunaya-durnaya 461 nayakA lakSaNa 441 vyavahAra-vyavahArAbhAsa naya pramANakaideza hai 442 RjusUtra-tadAbhAsa 459 443 zabdanaya aura zabdAbhAsa do naya dravyAthika aura ___ samabhirUDha aura tadAbhAsa 463 paryAyArthika 446 evaMbhUta tathA tadAbhAsa 464 paramArtha aura vyavahAra 447 naya uttarottara sUkSma aura dravyAstika aura dravyAthika 448 alpaviSayaka hai 465 tIna prakArake padArtha aura arthanaya zabdanaya 466 nikSepa 449 dravyAthika-paryAyAthikame nayoM tIna aura sAta naya 451 kA vibhAjana 466 jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabda- nizcaya-vyavahAra 467 nayoMkA viSaya 452 dravyakA zuddha lakSaNa 472 mUla naya sAta 452 trikAlavyApi cit hI lakSaNa 473 naigamanaya 453 nizcayakA varNana asAdhAraNa nagamAbhAsa 454 lakSaNakA kathana hai 476 saMgraha-saMgrahAbhAsa 455 paMcAdhyAyIkA nayavibhAga 477
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________________ 483 487 487 488 viSayAnukrama 10. syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI 480-572 syAdvAdako udabhUti 480 saMjayake vikSepavAdase syAdvAda syAdvAdako vyutpatti 482 nahIM nikalA 511 syAdvAda eka viziSTa bhASA- mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanake paddhati matakI AlocanA 512 virodha parihAra 486 buddha aura saMjaya vastukI anantadharmAtmakatA 'syAt' kA artha zAyada, saMbhava prAgabhAva aura kadAcit nahIM 516 pradhvaMsAbhAva DaoN0 sampUrNAnandakA mata 520 itaretarAbhAva 486 zaMkarAcArya aura syAdvAda 521 atyantAbhAva 460 sva0 DaoN0 gaMgAnAtha jhAkI sadasadAtmaka tattva sammati 525 ekAnekAtmaka tattva 462 pro0 adhikArIjIkI sammati 525 nityAnityAtmaka tattva 463 bhedAbhedAtmaka tattva anekAnta bhI anekAnta hai 525 saptabhaMgI 467 pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAyake apunarukta bhaMga sAta hai matako AlocanA 526 sAta hI bhaMga kyoM ? 464 sara rAdhAkRSNanake matakI avaktavya bhaMgakA artha 501 mImAMsA 529 syAt zabdake prayogakA niyama 504 DaoN0 devarAjake matakI paramatakI apekSA bhaMgayojanA 505 AlocanA 531 sakalAdeza-vikalAdeza 505 zrI hanumantarAvake matakI kAlidikI dRSTi se bhedAbhedakathana507 samAlocanA bhaMgoMmeM sakala-vikalAdezatA 508 dharmakIrti aura anekAntavAda 532 malayagiri AcAryake matako prajJAkaragupta, arcaTa va syAdvAda 535 mImAMsA 506 zAntarakSita aura syAdvAda 540 461 496 498
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________________ jainadarzana karNakagomi aura syAdvAda 546 rAmAnuja aura syAdvAda 563 vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi aura ballabhAcArya aura syAdvAda 563 ___ anekAntavAda 551 nimbArkAcArya aura jayarAzibhaTTa aura anekAntavAda552 anekAntavAda vyomaziva aura anekAntavAda 554 bhedAbheda-vicAra bhAskarAcArya aura syAdvAda 555 saMzayAdi dUSaNoMkA uddhAra 566 vijJAnabhikSu aura anekAntavAda560 DaoN0 bhagavAnadAsajIko samazrIkaMTha aura anekAntavAda 561 nvayakI pukAra 572 11. jainadarzana aura vizva zAnti 573-576 12. jaina dArzanika sAhitya 577-592 digambara AcArya 577 zvetAmbara AcArya 584 granthasaMketa-vivaraNa 593-599
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________________ jainadarzana 1. pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana karmabhUmikA prArambha ____ jaina anuzrutike anusAra isa kalpakAlameM pahale bhogabhUmi thI / yahA~ke nivAsI apanI jIvanayAtrA kalpavRkSoMse calAte the| unake khAne-pIne, pahirane or3hane, bhUSaNa, makAna, sajAvaTa, prakAza aura Ananda-vilAsako saba AvazyakatAe~ ina vRkSoMse hI pUrNa ho jAtI thIM / isa samaya na zikSA thI aura na dIkSA / saba apane prAkRta bhogameM hI magna the / janasaMkhyA kama thii| yugala utpanna hote the aura donoM hI jIvana-sahacara banakara sAtha rahate the aura marate bhI sAtha hI the| jaba dhIre-dhIre yaha bhogabhUmiko vyavasthA kSINa huI, janasaMkhyA bar3hI aura kalpavRkSoMkI zakti prajAkI AvazyakatAoMkI pati nahIM kara sakI, taba karmabhUmikA prArambha huaa| bhomabhUmimeM santAna-yugalake utpanna hote hI mA~-bApayugala mara jAte the / ataH kuTumba-racanA aura samAja-racanAkA prazna hI nahIM thA / pratyeka yugala svAbhAvika kramase bar3hatA thA aura svAbhAvika rotise hI bhoga-bhogakara apanI jIvanalIlA prakRtiko godameM hI saMvRta kara detA thaa| kintu jaba santAna apane jIvanakAlameM hI utpanna hone lagI aura unake lAlana-pAlana, zikSA-dIkSA AdikI samasyAeM sAmane AIM, taba vastutaH bhogajIvana se karmajIvana prArambha huaa| isI samaya kramazaH caudaha kulakara yA manu utpanna hote haiN| ve inheM bhojana banAnA, khetI karanA, jaMgalI pazuoMse apanI aura santAna kI rakSA karanA, unakA savArI AdimeM upayoga karanA, candra, sUrya Adise nirbhaya rahanA
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________________ jainadazana tathA samAja-racanAke mUlabhUta anuzAsanake niyama Adi sabhI kucha sikhAte hai| ve hI kulake liye upayogI makAna banAnA, gA~va basAnA Adi sabhI vyavasthAe~ jamAte hai, isIliye unheM kulakara yA manu kahate hai / antima kulakara zrInAbhirAyane janmake samaya baccoMkI nAbhikA nAla kATanA sikhAyA thA, isIliye inakA nAma nAbhirAya par3A thaa| inakI yugalasahacarIkA nAma marudevI thaa| Adya tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva inake Rpabhadeva nAmaka putra hue / vastutaH karmabhUmikA prArambha inake samayase hotA hai / gA~va, nagara Adi inhIMke kAlameM base the / inhoMne apanI putrI brAhmI aura sundarIko akSarAbhyAsake liye lipi banAI thI, jo brAhmI lipike nAmase prasiddha huI / isI lipikA vikasita rUpa vartamAna nAgarI lipi hai| bharata inhIMke putra the, jinake nAmase isa dezakA nAma bhArata pdd'aa| bharata bar3e jJAnI aura vivekI the| ye rAjakAja karate hue bhI samyagdRSTi the, isIliye ye 'videha bharata' ke nAmase prasiddha the| ye prathama pakhaMDAdhipati cakravartI the| RSabhadevane apane rAjyakAlameM samAja-vyavasthAkI sthiratAke liye prajAkA karmake anusAra kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdrake rUpameM vibhAjana kara trivarNakI sthApanA kii| jo vyakti rakSA karanemeM kaTibaddha vIra prakRtike the unheM kSatriya, vyApAra aura kRpipradhAna vRttivAloMko vaizya aura zilpa tathA nRtya Adi kalAoMse AjIvikA calAnevAloMko zUdra varNa meM sthAna diyaa| RSabhadevake muni ho jAneke bAda bharata cakravartIne inhIM tIna varNo se vrata aura cAritra dhAraNa karanevAle suzIla vyaktiyoMkA brAhmaNa varNa banAyA / isakA AdhAra kevala vrata-saMskAra thaa| arthAt jo vyakti ahiMsA Adi vratoMse susaMskRta the ve brAhmaNavarNameM parigaNita kiye gae / isa taraha guNa aura karma ke anusAra cAturvarNya vyavasthA sthApita huii| RSabhadeva hI pramukharUpase karmabhUmi-vyavasthAke agra sUtradhAra the; ataH inheM AdibrahmA yA AdinAtha kahate hai| prajAko rakSA aura vyavasthAmeM tatpara
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________________ sAmAnyAvalAkana ina prajApati RSabhadevane apane rAjyakAlameM jisa prakAra vyavahArArtha rAjyavyavasthA aura samAja-racanAkA pravartana kiyA usI taraha tIrthakAlameM vyaktikI zuddhi aura samAjameM zAnti sthApanake liye 'dharmatIrtha' kA bhI pravartana kiyA / ahiMsAko dharmakI mUla dhurA mAnakara isI ahiMsAkA samAjaracanAke lie AdhAra banAneke hetuse satya, acaurya aura aparigraha Adike rUpameM avatAra kiyaa| sAdhanAkAlameM inane rAjyakA parityAga kara bAhara. bhItarakI sabhI gAMTheM khola parama nirgrantha mArgakA avalambana kara AtmasAdhanA kI aura kramazaH kaivalya prApta kiyaa| yahI dharmatIrthake Adi pravartaka the| ___ inakI aitihAsikatAko suprasiddha jarmana vidvAn DaoN0 harmana jaikobI aura sara rAdhAkRSNan Adi svIkAra karate hai| bhAgavata (5 / 2-6 ) meM jo RSabhadeva kA varNana milatA hai vaha jaina paramparAke varNanase bahuta kucha milatA julatA hai / bhAgavata meM jainadharmake saMsthApakake rUpameM RSabhadevakA ullekha honA aura AThaveM avatArake rUpameM unakA svIkAra kiyA jAnA isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki RSabhake jainadharmake saMsthApaka honekI anuzruti nirmUla nahIM hai / bauddhadarzanake granthoMmeM dRSTAMtAbhAsa yA pUrvapakSake rUpameM jainadharmake pravartaka aura syAdvAdake upadezakake rUpameM RSabha aura vardhamAnakA hI nAmollekha pAyA jAtA hai| dharmottara AcArya to RSabha, vardhamAnAdiko digambaroMkA zAstA likhate hai| inhoMne mUla ahiMsA dharmakA Adya upadeza diyA aura isI ahiMsAkI sthAyI pratiSThA ke liye usake AdhArabhUta tattvajJAnakA bhI nirUpaNa kiyaa| 1. khaMDagiri-udayagirikI hAthoguphAke 2100 varSa purAne lekhase RSabhadevakI pratimA ko kulakramAgatatA aura prAcInatA spaSTa hai| yaha lekha kaliMgAdhipati khAravelane likhAyA thaa| isa pratimAko nanda le gayA thaa| pIche khAravelane ise nandake 300 varSa bAda puSyamitrase prApta kiyA thaa| 2. dekho, nyAyabi0 33131-33 / tattvasaMgraha ( syAdvAdaparIkSA ) / 3. "yathA RSabho vardhamAnazca. tAvAdI yasya sa RpabhavardhamAnAdiH digambarANAM zAstA savaMza Aptazceti |"-nyaaybi0 TIkA 33131 /
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________________ 4 jainadarzana inane samasta AtmAoMko svatantra paripUrNa aura akhaNDa maulika dravya mAnakara apanI taraha samasta jagatke prANiyoMko jIvita rahaneke samAna adhikArako svIkAra kiyA aura ahiMsAke sarvodayI svarUpakI saMjIvanI jagatko dI / vicAra-kSetrameM ahiMsAke mAnasa rUpakI pratiSThA sthApita karaneke liye Adiprabhune jagat ke anekAnta svarUpakA upadeza diyA / unane batAyA ki vizvakA pratyeka jar3a-cetana, aNu-paramANu aura jIvarAzi ananta guNa-paryAyoMkA Akara hai| usake virAT rUpako pUrNa jJAna sparza bhI kara le, para vaha zabdoMke dvArA kahA nahI jA sktaa| vaha ananta hI dRSTikoNoMse ananta rUpameM dekhA jAtA aura kahA jAtA hai / ataH isa anekAntamahAsAgarako zAnti aura gambhIratAse dekho / dUsareke dRSTikoNoMkA bhI Adara karo; kyoMki ve bhI tumhArI hI taraha vastuke svarUpAMzoMko grahaNa karanevAle hai / anekAntadarzana vastuvicArake kSetrameM dRSTikI ekAGgitA aura saMkucitatAse honevAle matabhedoMko ukhAr3akara mAnasa - samatAkI sRSTi karatA hai aura vItarAga cittakI sRSTike liye urvara bhUmi banAtA hai / mAnasa ahiMsAke liye jahA~ vicArazuddhi karanevAle anekAntadarzanakI upayogitA hai vaha vacanakI nirdoSa paddhati bhI upAdeya hai, kyoMki anekAntako vyakta karaneke liye 'aisA hI hai' isa prakArakI avadhAriNI bhASA mAdhyama nahIM bana sakatI / isaliye usa parama anekAnta tattvakA pratipAdana karaneke liye 'syAdvAda' rUpa vacanapaddhatikA upadeza diyA gyaa| isase pratyeka vAkya apanemeM sApekSa rahakara svavAcyako pradhAnatA detA huA bhI anya aMzoMkA lopa nahIM karatA, unakA tiraskAra nahIM karatA aura unakI sattAse inakAra nahIM karatA / vaha unakA gauNa astitva svIkAra karatA hai / isIliye ise dharmatIrthaMkaroMkI 'syAdvAdI' ke rUpameM stuti kI jAtI hai, jo inake tattvasvarUpake prakAzanakI viziSTa praNAlIkA varNana hai / 1. "dharmatIrthakarebhyo'stu syAdvAdibhyo namo namaH / RSabhAdimahAvIrAntebhyaH svAtmopalabdhaye // " - laSI0 zlo0 1 /
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana 1 pUrvaparyAyako chor3atA huA aura isa anAdipravAha ko samApta nahIM hotA / tAtparya sAtha hI sAtha trilakSaNa inane prameyakA svarUpa utpAda, vyaya aura dhIvya isa prakAra vilakSaNa batAyA hai / pratyeka sat, cAhe vaha cetana ho yA acetana, trilakSaNayukta pariNAmI hai / pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa apanI navIna uttaraparyAya ko dhAraNa karatA jAtA hai anantakAla taka calAtA jAtA hai, kabhI bhI yaha ki tIrthaMkara RSabhadevane ahiMsA mUladharmake prameya, anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAda bhASAkA bhI upadeza diyA / naya, saptabhaMgI Adi inhoMke parivArabhUta hai / ataH jainadarzanake AdhArabhUta mukhya mudde hai -- trilakSaNa pariNAmavAda, anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAda | AtmAkI svatantra sattA to eka aisI AdhArabhUta zilA hai jisake mAne binA bandha-mokSa kI prakriyA hI nahI bana sakatI / prameyakA SaT dravya, sAta tattva Adike rUpame vivecana to vivaraNa kI bAta hai / bhagavAn RSabhadevake bAda ajitanAtha Adi 23 tIrthakara aura hue hai aura ina saba tIrthakaroMne apane-apane yugame isI satyakA udghATana kiyA hai / tIrthakara neminAtha : bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha nArAyaNa kRSNake cacere bhAI the / inakA janmasthAna dvArikA thA aura pitA the mahArAja samudravijaya / jaba inake vivAhakA julUsa nagarame ghUma rahA thA aura yuvaka kumAra neminAtha apanI bhAvI saMginI rAjulakI sukhasuSamAke svapname jhUmate hue dUlhA banakara rathameM savAra the usI samaya bArAta meM Aye hue mAMsAhArI rAjAoMke svAgatArtha ikaTThe kiye gaye vividha pazuoMkI bhayaGkara cItkAra kAnoMmeM par3I / isa eka cItkArane neminAtha ke hRdayameM ahiMsAkA sotA phor3a diyA aura una dayAmUrtine usI samaya rathase utarakara una pazuoMke bandhana apane hAthoM khole / vivAha kI veSabhUSA aura vilAsake svapnoMko asAra samajha bhogase yogakI ora apane cittako mor3a diyA aura bAhara-bhItarakI samasta gA~ThoMko
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________________ jainadarzana khola granthi bhedakara parama nirgrantha ho sAdhanAmeM lIna hue| inhIMkA ariSTanemike rUpameM ullekha yajurveda meM bhI AtA hai / 23 veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha : __ teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha isI banArasameM utpanna hue the| vartamAna bhelUpura unakA janmasthAna mAnA jAtA hai / ye rAjA azvasena aura mahArAnI vAmAdevIke nayanoMke tAre the| jaba ye ATha varSake the, taba eka dina apane saMgIsAthiyoMke sAtha gaMgAke kinAre ghUmane jA rahe the / gaMgAtaTa para kamaTha nAmakA tapasvI paMcAgni tapa kara rahA thaa| dayAmUrti kumAra pArzvane eka jalate hue lakkar3ase adhajale nAga-nAginako bAhara nikAlakara pratibodha diyA aura una mRtaprAya nAgayugala para apanI dayA-mamatA ur3ela dii| ve nAgayugala dharaNendra aura padmAvatIke rUpameM inake bhakta hue / kumAra pArzvakA citta isa prakArake bAlatapa tathA jagatkI viSama hiMsApUrNa paristhitiyoMse virakta ho uThA, ataH isa yuvA kumArane zAdI-vivAhake bandhanameM na ba~dhakara jagatke kalyANake liye yogasAdhanAkA mArga grahaNa kiyaa| pAlI piTakoMmeM buddhakA jo prAk jIvana milatA hai aura chaha varSa taka buddhane jo kRcchra sAdhanAe~ kI thIM usase nizcita hotA hai ki usa kAlameM buddha pArzvanAthakI paramparAke tapayogame bhI dIkSita hue the| inake cAturyAma saMvarakA ullekha bAra-bAra AtA hai| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya aura aparigraha isa cAturyAma dharmake pravartaka bhagavAn pArzvanAtha the, yaha zvetAmbara Agama granthoMke ullekhoMse bhI spaSTa hai / usa samaya strI parigrahameM zAmila thI aura usakA tyAga aparigraha vratameM A jAtA thaa| inane bhI ahiMsA Adi mUla tattvoMkA hI upadeza diyA / antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra : ___isa yugake aMtima tIrthakara the bhagavAn mahAvIra / IsAse lagabhaga 600 varSa pUrva inakA janma kuNDagrAmameM huA thaa| vaizAlIke pazcimameM gaNDakI
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana nadI hai / usake pazcima taTapara brAhmaNa kuNDapura, kSatriya kuNDapura, vANijya grAma, karamAra grAma aura kollAka sanniveza jaise aneka upanagara yA zAkhA grAma the / bhagavAn mahAvIrakA janmasthAna vaizAlI mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki kuNDagrAma vaizAlIkA hI upanagara thA / inake pitA siddhArtha kAzyapa gotriya jJAtRkSatriya the aura ye usa pradezake rAjA the / rAnI trizalAkI kukSise caitra zuklA trayodazIkI rAtrimeM kumAra varddhamAnakA janma huA / inane apane bAlyakAla meM saMjaya-vijaya ( saMbhavata: saJjayavelaTThiputta ) ke tattvaviSayaka saMzayakA samAdhAna kiyA thA, isalie loga inheM sanmati bhI kahate the / 30 varSa taka ye kumAra rahe / usa samayakI viSama paristhitine inake cittako svArthase jana-kalyANakI ora pheraa| usa samayakI rAjanItikA AdhAra dharma banA huA thA / varga-svAthiyoMne dharmakI Ar3a meM dharmagranthoMke havAle de-dekara apane vargake saMrakSaNakI cakkI meM bahusaMkhyaka prajAko pIsa DAlA thA / Izvarake nAma para abhijAta varga vizeSa prabhu-sattA lekara hI utpanna hotA thA / isake janmajAta uccatvakA abhimAna svavargake saMrakSaNa taka hI nahIM phailA thA, kintu zUdra Adi varNoM ke mAnavocita adhikAroMkA apaharaNa kara cukA thA aura yaha saba ho rahA thA dharmake nAma para / svargalAbha ke lie ajamedhase lekara naramedha taka dharmavedI para hote the / jo dharma prANimAtrake sukha-zAntiaura uddhArake lie thA, vahI hiMsA, viSamatA, pratAr3ana aura nirdalanakA astra banA huA thA / kumAra varddhamAnakA mAnasa isa hiMsA aura viSamatA se honevAlI mAnavatAke utpIr3anase dina-rAta becaina rahatA thA / ve vyaktikI nirAkulatA aura samAja - zAntikA sarala mArga DhU~r3hanA cAhate the aura cAhate the manuSyamAtrakI samabhUmikA nirmANa karanA / sarvodayakI isa preraNAne unheM 30 varSakI bharI javAnImeM rAjapATa ko chor3akara yogasAdhanako ora pravRtta kiyA / jisa parigrahake arjana, rakSaNa, saMgraha aura bhogake lie vargasvArthiyoMne dharmako rAjanIti meM dAkhila kiyA thA usa parigrahakI bAhara-bhItarakI donoM gA~TheM kholakara ve parama nirgrantha ho apanI mauna sAdhanAmeM lIna ho 1
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________________ jainadarzana gaye / 12 varSa taka kaThora sAdhanA karaneke bAda 42 varSakI avasthAmeM inheM kevalajJAna prApta huaa| ye vItarAga aura sarvajJa bne| 30 varSa taka inhoMne dharmatIrthakA pravartana kara 72 varSako avasthAmeM pAvA nagarIse nirvANa lAbha kiyaa| satya eka aura trikAlAbAdhita : nirgrantha nAthaputta bhagavAn mahAvIrako kula-paramparAse yadyapi pArzvanAthake tattvajJAnako dhArA prApta thI, para ye usa tattvajJAna ke mAtra pracAraka nahIM the, kintu apane jIvanameM ahiMsAkI pUrNa sAdhanA karake sarvodaya mArgake nirmAtA the / maiM pahale batA AyA hU~ ki isa karmabhUmimeM Adya tIrthaMkara RSabhadevake bAda teIsa tIrthaGkara aura hue hai| ye sabhI vItarAgI aura sarvajJa the| inhoMne ahiMsAkI parama jyotise mAnavatAke vikAsakA mArga Alokita kiyA thaa| vyaktikI nirAkulatA aura samAjameM zAnti sthApana karaneke liye jo mUlabhUta tattvajJAna aura satya sAkSAtkAra apekSita hotA hai, usako ye tIrthaGkara yugarUpatA dete hai| satya trikAlAbAdhita aura eka hotA hai| usakI AtmA deza, kAla aura upAdhiyoMse pare sadA ekarasa hotI hai / deza aura kAla usakI vyAkhyAoMmeM yAnI usake zarIromeM bheda avazya lAte hai, para usakI mUladhArA sadA ekarasavAhinI hotI hai / isIliye jagatke asaMkhya zramaNa-santoMne vyaktiko makti aura jagatakI zAntike liye eka hI prakArake satyakA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai aura vaha vyApaka mUla satya hai 'ahiNsaa'| jainadharma aura darzanake mUla mudde : ____ isI ahiMsAkI divya jyoti vicArake kSetrameM anekAntake rUpameM prakaTa hotI hai to vacana-vyavahArake kSetrameM syAdvAdake rUpameM jagamagAtI hai aura 1. "je ya atItA paDuppannA anAgatA ya bhagavaMto arihaMtA te savve eyameva dhamma" -AcArAMga suu0|
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana samAja zAntike liye aparigrahake rUpameM sthira AdhAra banatI hai; yAnI AcArameM ahiMsA, vicArameM anekAnta, vANImeM syAdvAda aura samAjameM aparigraha ye ve cAra mahAn stambha haiM jinapara jainadharmakA sarvodayI bhavya prAsAda khar3A huA hai / yuga-yugameM tIrthaGkaroMne isI prAsAdakA jIrNoddhAra kiyA hai aura ise yugAnurUpatA dekara isake samIcIna svarUpako sthira kiyA hai / ___ jagatakA pratyeka sat pratikSaNa parivartita hokara bhI kabhI samUla naSTa nahIM hotaa| vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya isa prakAra trilakSaNa hai| koI bhI padArtha cetana ho yA acetana, isa niyamakA apavAda nahIM hai| yaha 'trilakSaNa pariNAmavAda' jaina-darzanake maNDapakI AdhArabhUmi hai| isa trilakSaNa pariNAmavAdako bhUmipara anekAntadRSTi aura syAhAdapaddhatike khambhoMse jaina-darzanakA toraNa bA~dhA gayA hai / vividha naya, saptabhaGgI, nikSepa Adi isako jhilamilAtI huI jhAlareM haiN| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIrane dharmake kSetrameM mAnava mAtrako samAna adhikAra diye the| jAti, kula, zarIra, AkArake baMdhana dharmAdhikArameM bAdhaka nahIM the| dharma AtmAke sadguNoMke vikAsakA nAma hai| sadguNoMke vikAsa arthAt sadAcaraNa dhAraNa karanemeM kisI prakArakA bandhana svIkArya nahIM ho sktaa| rAjanIti vyavahArake liye kaisI bhI cale, kintu dharmako zItala chAyA pratyekake liye samAna bhAvase sulabha ho, yahI unakI ahiMsA aura samatAkA lakSya thaa| isI lakSyaniSThAne dharmake nAmapara kiye jAnevAle pazuyajJoMko nirarthaka hI nahIM, anarthaka bhI siddha kara diyA thaa| ahiMsAkA jharanA eka bAra hRdayase jaba jharatA hai to vaha manuSyoM taka hI nahIM, prANimAtrake saMrakSaNa, aura poSaNa taka jA pahuMcatA hai| ahiMsaka santako pravRtti to itanI svAvalambinI tathA nirdoSa ho jAtI hai ki usameM prANighAtakI kama-se-kama sambhAvanA rahatI hai / jaina zrutaH vartamAna meM jo zruta upalabdha ho rahA hai vaha inhIM mahAvIra bhagavAnke
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________________ jainadarzana dvArA upadiSTa hai / inhoMne jo kucha apanI divya dhvanise kahA usako inake ziSya gaNadharoMne grantharUpameM gUMthA / arthAgama tIrthakaroMkA hotA hai aura zabdazarIrako racanA gaNadhara karate haiM / vastutaH tIrthakaroMkA pravacana dinameM tIna bAra yA cAra bAra hotA thaa| pratyeka pravacanameM kathAnuyoga, dravyacarcA, cAritranirUpaNa aura tAttvika vivecana sabhI kucha hotA thaa| yaha to una gaNadharoMkI kuzala paddhati hai, jisase ve unake sarvAtmaka pravacanako dvAdazAMgameM vibhAjita kara dete hai-caritraviSayaka vArtAe~ AcArAMgameM, kathAMga jJAtRdharmakathA aura upAsakAdhyayana AdimeM, praznottara vyAkhyAprajJapti aura praznavyAkaraNa AdimeM / yaha sahI hai ki jo gAthAe~ aura vAkya donoM paramparAke AgamoMmeM haiM unameM kucha vahI hoM jo bhagavAn mahAvIrake mukhAravindase nikale hoN| jaise samaya-samaya para buddhane jo mArmika gAthAe~ kahIM, unakA saMkalana 'udAna' meM pAyA jAtA hai / aise hI aneka gAthAe~ aura vAkya una una prasaMgoM para jo tIrthaMkaroMne kahe ve saba mala artha hI nahIM, zabdarUpameM bhI ina gaNadharoMne dvAdazAMgameM gUMthe hoMge / yaha zruta aGgapraviSTa aura aGgabAhya rUpameM vibhAjita hai / aGgapraviSTa zruta hI dvAdazAMga zruta hai| yathA AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadaza, antakRddaza, anuttaropapAdikadaza, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra aura dRSTivAda / dRSTivAda zrutake pA~ca bheda hai-parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata, aura cUlikA / pUrvagata zrutake 14 caudaha bheda hai-utpAdapUrva, agrAyaNI, vIryAnupravAda, astinAstipravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, karmapravAda, pratyAkhyAnapravAda, vidyAnupravAda, kalyANapravAda, prANAvAya, kriyAvizAla aura lokbindusaar| tIrthaGkaroM ke sAkSAt ziSya, buddhi aura Rddhike atizaya nidhAna, zruta kevalI gaNadharoMke dvArA granthabaddha kiyA gayA yaha aGgapUrvarUpa zruta isalie pramANa hai ki isake mUla vaktA parama acintya kevalajJAnavibhUtivAle parama RSi sarvajJadeva haiN| ArAtIya AcAryoM ke dvArA alpamati ziSyoMke anu
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana 11 grahake liye jo dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi rUpameM racA gayA aGgabAhya zruta hai vaha bhI pramANa hai, kyoMki artharUpameM yaha zruta tIrthaGkara praNIta aGgapraviSTase judA nahIM hai / yAnI isa aGgabAhya zrutakI paramparA cU~ki aGgaviSTa zrutase ba~dhI huI hai, ataH usIkI taraha pramANa hai / jaise kSIrasamudrakA jala ghar3emeM bhara lene para mUlarUpa meM vaha samudrajala hI rahatA hai ' / donoM paraMparAoMkA Agamazruta: vartamAna meM jo Agama zruta zvetAmbara paramparAko mAnya hai usakA aMtima saMskaraNa valabhImeM vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 me huA thA / vikrama kI 6vIM zatAbdI meM yaha saMkalana devadvigaNi kSamAzramaNane kiyA thA / isa samaya jo truTita atruTita Agama-vAkya upalabdha the, unheM pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA / unameM aneka parivartana, parivardhana aura saMzodhana hue| eka bAta khAsa dhyAna denekI hai ki mahAvIrake pradhAna gaNadhara gautamake hote hue bhI ina AgamoMkI paramparA dvitIya gaNadhara sudharmA svAmIse jur3I huI hai / jaba ki digambara paramparAke siddhAnta-granthoMkA sambandha gautama svAmIse hai / yaha bhI eka vicAraNIya bAta hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA jisa dRSTivAda zrutakA uccheda mAnatI hai usI dRSTivAda zrutake agrAyaNIya aura jJAnapravAda pUrvase SaTkhaMDAgama, mahAbandha, kasAyapAhuDa Adi digambara siddhAnta-granthoMkI racanA huI hai / yAni jisa zrutakA zvetAmbara paramparAmeM lopa huA usa ." tadetat zrutaM dvibhedamanekabhedaM dvAdazabhedamiti / vikRto'yaM vizeSa: ? vaktRvizeSakRtaH / trayo vaktAraH-sarvadmatIrthakara : itaro vA zrutakevalI, ArAtIyazceti / tatra sarvazena paramarpiNA paramAcintya kevalazAnavibhUtivizeSeNa arthata Agama upadiSTaH / tasya pratyakSadazitvAtprakSINadopatvAcca prAmANyam / tamya sAkSAcchiSyeSu dvaryAtizayadhiyuktergaNadharaiH zrutakevalibhiranusmRtagrantharacanamaGgapUrvalakSaNam tatpramANaM, tatprAmAyAt / ArAtIyaiH punarAcAryaiH kAladApAnmaGkSiptAyu matibalaziSyAnugrahArthaM dazavaikAlikAdyupanibaddham, tatpramANamarthatastadevedamiti kSIrArNavajalaM gRhItamitra / " - sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 20 / ghaTa
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________________ 12 jainadarzana zrutakI dhArA digambara paramparAmeM surakSita hai aura digambara paramparA jisa aGgazru takA lopa mAnatI hai, usakA saMkalana zvetAmbara paramparAmeM pracalita hai| zrutavicchedakA mUla kAraNa : isa zruta-vicchedakA eka hI kAraNa hai-vastra / mahAvIra svayaM nirvastra parama nirgrantha the, yaha donoM paramparAoMko mAnya hai| unake acelaka-dharmakI saGgati ApavAdika vastrako autsargika mAnakara nahIM baiThAyI jA sktii| jinakalpa Adarza mArga thA, isakI svIkRti zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya dazavaikAlika, AcArAGga AdimeM honepara bhI jaba kisI bhI kAraNase eka bAra ApavAdika vastra ghusa gayA to usakA nikalanA kaThina ho gayA / jambUsvAmIke bAda zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA jinakalpakA uccheda mAnanese to digambarazvetAmbara matabhedako pUrA-pUrA bala milA hai| isa matabhedake kAraNa zvetAmbara paramparAmeM vastrake sAtha-hI-sAtha upadhiyoMkI saMkhyA caudaha taka ho gii| yaha vastra hI zrutavicchedakA mUla kAraNa huaa| suprasiddha vidvAn paM0 becaradAsajIne apanI 'jaina sAhitya meM vikAra' pustaka ( pRSTha 40 ) meM ThIka hI likhA hai ki-"kisI vaidyane saMgrahaNIke rogIko davAke rUpameM aphIma sevana karanekI salAha dI thI, kintu roga dUra honepara bhI jaise use afImakI lata par3a jAtI hai aura vaha use nahIM chor3anA cAhatA vaisI hI dazA isa ApavAdika vastra kI huii|" ___ yaha nizcita hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrako kulAmnAyase apane pUrva tIrthakara pArzvanAthako AcAra-paramparA prApta thii| yadi pArzvanAtha svayaM sacela hote aura unakI paramparAmeM sAdhuoMke liye vastrako svIkRti hotI to mahAvIra svayaM na to nagna digambara rahakara sAdhanA karate aura na 1."maNa paramohipulAe AhArA khavaga uvasame kappe / saMjamatiya kevali sijhaNA ya jaMbummi bucchiNNA ||2693||"-vishessaa0 /
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana nagnatAko sAdhutvakA anivArya aMga mAnakara use vyAvahArika rUpa dete| yaha sambhava hai ki pArzvanAthakI paramparAke sAdhu mRdumArgako svIkAra kara Akhira meM vastra dhAraNa karane lage hoM aura ApavAdika vastrako utsarga mArgameM dAkhila karane lage hoM, jisakI pratidhvani uttarAdhyayana ke kezIgautama saMvAdameM AI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aise sAdhuoMkI 'pAsatya' zabdase vikatthanA kI gaI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIrane jaba sarvaprathama sarvasAvadya yogakA tyAgakara samasta parigrahako chor3a dIkSA lI taba unane lezamAtra bhI parigraha apane pAsa nahIM rakhA thaa| ve parama digambara hokara hI apanI sAdhAnAmeM lIna hue the| yadi pArzvanAthake siddhAntameM vastrakI guJjAisa hotI ora usakA aparigraha mahAvratase mela hotA to sarvaprathama dIkSAke samaya hI sAdhaka avasthAmeM na to vastratyAgako tuka thI aura na AvazyakatA ho / mahAvIrake devadUSyakI kalpanA karake vastrako anivAryatA aura aucityakI saMgati baiThAnA AdarzamArgako nIce DhakelanA hai| pArzvanAthake cAturyAmameM aparigrahakI pUrNatA to svIkRta thI hii| isI kAraNase sacelatva samarthaka zrutako digambara paramparAne mAnyatA nahIM dI ora na usakI vAcanAoMmeM ve zAmila hI hue / astu, kAla vibhAga: hameM to yahA~ yaha dekhanA hai ki digambara paramparAke siddhAnta-granthoMmeM aura zvetAmbara paramparAsammata AgamoMmeM jainadarzanake kyA bIja maujUda haiM ? ____ maiM pahile batA AyA hU~ ki-utpAdAditrilakSaNa pariNAmavAda, anekAntadRSTi, syAdvAda bhASA tathA Atmadravyako svatantra sattA ina cAra mahAn stambhoMpara jainadarzanakA bhavya prAsAda khar3A huA hai| ina cAroMke samarthaka vivecana ora vyAkhyA karanevAle pracura ullekha donoM paramparAke AgamoMmeM pAye jAte haiM / hameM jaina dArzanika sAhityakA sAmAnyAvalokana
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________________ 14 jainadazana karate samaya Ajataka upalabdha samagra sAhityako dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kAla vibhAga isa prakAra karanA hogA' / 1. siddhAnta AgamakAla 2. anekAnta sthApanakAla 3. pramANavyavasthA yuga 4. navIna ' nyAyayuga : : : : vi0 6vIM zatI taka vi0 3rI se 8vIM taka vi0 8vIM se 17vIM taka vi0 18vIM se 1. siddhAnta AgamakAla digambara siddhAnta-granthoMme paTkhaMDAgama, mahAbaMdha kaSAyaprAbhRta aura kundakundAcAryake paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, samayasAra Adi mukhya hai / SaTkhaMDAgamake kartA AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali hai aura kaSAyaprAbhRtake racayitA guNadhara AcArya | AcArya yativRSabhane trilokaprajJapti meM ( gAthA 66 se82 ) bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANake bAdakI AcArya paramparA aura usakI 683 varSako kAlagaNanA dI hai| 1. yugoMkA isI prakArakA vibhAjana dArzanikamavara paM0 sukhalAlajIne bhI kiyA hai, jo vivecanake lie sarvathA upayukta hai / 2. . jisa dina bhagavAn mahAvIrako mokSa huA, usI dina gautama gaNadharane kevalajJAna pada paayaa| jaba gautama svAmI siddha ho gaye, taba sudharmA svAmI kevalI hue / sudharmA svAmI mokSa ho jAneke bAda jambUsvAmI antima kevalI hue / ina kevaliyoMkA kAla 62 varSa hai / inake bAda nandI, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ye pA~ca zrutakevalI hue / ina pA~coMkA kAla 100 varSa hotA hai / inake bAda vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtisena, vijaya, buddhila gaMgadeva aura sudharma ye 11 AcArya kramase dazapUrvake dhAriyoMmeM vikhyAta hue| inakA kAla 183 varSa hai / inake bAda nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena aura kaMsa ye pA~ca AcArya 11 gyAraha aMgake dhArI hue / inake bAda bharata kSetrameM koI 11 gyAraha aMgakA dhAro nahIM huA / tadanantara subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu aura loha ye cAra AcArya AcArAGgake dhArI hue| ye sabhI AcArya zeSa gyAraha 11 aMga aura caudaha 14 pUrvake ekadezake jJAtA the / inakA samaya
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana isa 683 varSake bAda hI dhavalA aura jayadhavalAke ullekhAnusAra dharasenAcAryako sabhI aMgoM aura pUrvoke eka dezakA jJAna AcArya paramparAse prApta huA thaa| kintu nandisaMghako prAkRta paTTAvalIse isa bAtakA samarthana nahIM hotA / usameM lohAcArya takakA kAla 565 varSa diyA hai| isake bAda eka aMgake dhAriyoMmeM arhabali, mAghanandi, dharasena, bhUtabali aura puSpadanta ina pAMca AcAryoMko ginAkara unakA kAla kramazaH 28, 21, 16, 30 aura 20 varpa diyA hai / isa hisAbase puSpadanta aura bhUtabalikA samaya 683 varSake bhItara hI A jAtA hai| vikrama saMvat 1556 meM likhI gaI bRhat TippaNikA' nAmakI sUcImeM dharasena dvArA vIra nirvANa saMvat 600 meM banAye gaye "joNipAhuDa" granthakA ullekha hai| isase bhI ukta samayakA samarthana hotA hai / yaha smaraNIya hai ki puSpadanta-bhUtabaline dRSTivAdake antargata dvitIya agrAyaNI pUrvase SaTaNDAgamakI racanA kI hai aura guNadharAcAryane jJAnapravAda nAmaka pA~caveM pUrvakI dazama vastu-adhikArake 118 varSa hotA hai arthAt gautama gaNadharase lekara lohAcArya paryanta kula kAlakA parimANa 683 varSa hotA hai| tIna kevalazAnI 62 bAsaTha varSa, pA~ca zrutakevalI 100 sau varSa, gyAraha, 11 aMga aura daza pUrvake dhArI 183 varSa, pA~ca, gyAraha aMgake dhArI 220 varSa, cAra, AcArAMgake dhArI 114 varSa, kula 683 vrss| harivaMzapurANa, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, AdipurANa tathA zrutAvatAra Adi meM bhI lohAcArya takake AcAryoMkA kAla yahI 683 varSa diyA gayA hai| dekho, jayadhavalA prathama bhAga, prastAvanA pRSTha 47-50 / 1. "yoniprAbhRtam vIrAt 600 dhArasenam"-bRhaTTippaNikA, jaina sA0 saM0 1-2 pariziSTa / 2. dekho, dhavalA prathama bhAga, prastAvanA pRSTha 23-30 /
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________________ jainadarzana antargata tosare pejja-doSaprAbhRtase kasAyaprAbhRtakI racanA kI hai| ina siddhAnta-granthoMmeM jainadarzanake ukta mUla muddoMke sUkSma bIja vikhare hue haiM / sthUla rUpase inakA samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 614 yAnI vikramakI dUsarI zatAbdo ( vi0 saM0 144 ) aura IsAko prathama ( san 87 ) zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| yuga pradhAna AcArya kundakundakA samaya vikramakI 3rI zatAbdIke bAda to kisI bhI taraha nahIM lAyA jA sakatA; kyoMki marakarAke tAmrapatrameM kundakundAnvayake chaha AcAryoMkA ullekha hai| yaha tAmrapatra zakasaMvat 388 meM likhA gayA thaa| una chaha AcAryoMkA samaya yadi 150 varSa bhI mAna liyA jAya to zaka saMkt 238 meM kundakundAnvayake guNanandi AcArya maujUda the| kundakundAnvaya prArambha honekA samaya sthUla rUpase yadi 150 varSa pUrva mAna liyA jAtA hai to lagabhaga vikramakI pahalI aura dUsarI zatAbdI kundakundakA samaya nizcita hotA hai| DaoNkTara upAdhyene inakA samaya vikramakI prathama zatAbdI hI anumAna kiyA hai| AcArya kundakundake paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, niyamasAra aura samayasAra Adi granthoMmeM jainadarzanake ukta cAra muddoMke na kevala bIja hI milate haiM, kintu unakA vistRta vivecana aura sAGgopAGga vyAkhyAna bhI upalabdha hotA hai, jaisA ki isa granthake una-una prakaraNoMse spaSTa hogA / saptabhaMgI, naya, nizcaya vyavahAra, padArtha, tattva, astikAya Adi sabhI viSayoM para A0 kundakundako saphala lekhanI calI hai / adhyAtmavAdakA anUThA vivecana to inhIMkI dena hai| zvetAmbara Agama granthoMmeM bhI ukta cAra muddoMke paryApta bIja yatra tatra bikhare hue hai / isake lie vizeSarUpase bhagavatI, sUtrakRtAMga, prajJApanA, rAjapraznIya, nandI, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura anuyogadvAra draSTavya haiN| 1.dhavalA pra0 bhA0, pra0 pRSTha 35 aura jayadhavalA, prastAvanA pRSTha 64 / 2. dekho, pravacanAsArako prastAvanA / 3. dekho, jainadArzanika sAhityakA siMhAvalokana, pRSTha 4 /
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana bhagavatIsUtrake aneka praznottaroMmeM naya, pramANa, saptabhaMgI, anekAntavAda Adike dArzanika vicAra haiN| sUtrakRtAMgameM bhUtavAda aura brahmavAdakA nirAkaraNa karake pRthak AtmA tathA usakA nAnAtva siddha kiyA hai| jIva aura zarIrakA pRthak astitva batAkara karma aura karmaphalakI sattA siddha kI hai / jagatko akRtrima aura anAdi-ananta pratiSThita kiyA hai| tatkAlIna kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAdakA nirAkaraNa kara viziSTa kriyAvAdako sthApanA kI gaI hai / prajJApanAmeM jIvake vividha bhAvoMkA nirUpaNa hai| rAjapraznIyameM zramaNakezIke dvArA rAjA pradezIke nAstikavAdakA nirAkaraNa aneka yuktiyoM aura dRSTAntoMse kiyA gayA hai / nandIsUtra jainadRSTise jJAnacarcA karanevAlI acchI racanA hai / sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMgako racanA bauddhoMke aMguttara nikAyake DhaMgakI hai| ina donoMmeM AtmA, pudgala, jJAna, naya aura pramANa Adi viSayoMkI carcA AI hai| "uppannei vA vigamei vA dhurvai vA" yaha mAtRkA-tripadI sthAnAMgameM ullakhita hai, jo utpAdAditrayAtmakatA ke siddhAntakA nirapavAda pratipAdana karatI hai / anuyogadvArameM pramANa aura naya tathA tattvoMkA zabdArthaprakriyApUrvaka acchA varNana hai| tAtparya yaha ki jainadarzanake mukhya stambhoMke na kevala bIja ho kintu vivecana bhI ina AgamoMmeM milate haiN| pahale maiMne jina cAra muddoMkI carcA kI hai unheM saMkSepameM jJApakatattva yA upAyatattva aura upeyatattva ina do bhAgoMmeM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| sAmAnyAvalokanake isa prakaraNameM ina donoMkI dRSTi se bhI jainadarzanakA lekhAjokhA kara lenA ucita hai| zApakatatva: siddhAnta-AgamakAlameM mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna ye pAMca jJAna mukhyatayA jJeyake jAnaneke sAdhana mAne gaye haiM / inake sAtha
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________________ jainadazana hI nayoMkA sthAna bhI adhigamake upAyoMmeM hai| Agamika kAlameM jJAnakI satyatA aura asatyatA ( samyaktva aura mithyAtva ) bAhya padArthoMko yathArtha jAnane yA na jAnaneke Upara nirbhara nahIM thii| kintu jo jJAna AtmasaMzodhana aura antataH mokSamArgameM upayogI siddha hote the ve sacce aura jo mokSamArgopayogI nahIM the ve jhUThe kahe jAte the / laukaka dRSTise zata-pratizata saccA bhI jJAna yadi mokSamArgopayogI nahIM hai to vaha jhUThA hai aura laukika dRSTise mithyAjJAna bhI yadi mokSamArgopayogI hai to vaha saccA kahA jAtA thaa| isa taraha satyatA aura asatyatAkI kasoTI bAhya padArthoke adhIna na hokara mokSamArgopayogitApara nirbhara thii| isIliye samyagdRSTike sabhI jJAna sacce aura mithyAdRSTike sabhI jJAna jhUThe kahalAte the| vaizeSikasUtrameM vidyA aura avidyA zabdake prayoga bahuta kucha isI bhUmikApara haiN| ina pAMca jJAnoMkA pratyakSa aura parokSarUpameM vibhAjana bhI pUrva yugameM eka bhinna hI AdhArase thaa| vaha AdhAra thA AtmamAtrasApekSatva / arthAt jo jJAna AtmamAtrasApekSa the ve pratyakSa tathA jinameM indriya aura manakI sahAyatA apekSita hotI thI ve parokSa the| lokameM jina indriyajanya jJAnoMko prayatkSa kahate haiM ve jJAna Agamika paramparAmeM parokSa the| kundakunda aura umAsvAti: A0 umAsvAti yA umAsvAmI ( gRddhapiccha ) kA tattvArthasUtra jainadharma kA Adi saMskRta sUtragrantha hai| isameM jIva, ajIva Adi sAta tattvoM kA vistArase vivecana hai / jainadarzanake sabhI mukhya mudde isameM sUtrita haiN| inake samayakI uttarAvadhi vikramako tIsarI zatAbdI hai / inake tattvArthasUtra aura A0 kundakundake pravacanasArameM jJAnakA pratyakSa aura parokSa bhedoMmeM vibhAjana spaSTa honepara bhI unakI satyatA aura asatyatAkA AdhAra tathA laukika prayatkSako parokSa kahanekI paramparA jaisIkI taisI cAlU thii|
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________________ sAmAnyAvalAkana 19 yadyapi kundakundake paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, niyamasAra aura samayasAra grantha tarkagarbha Agamika zailImeM likhe gaye hai, phira bhI inakI bhUmikA dArzanikakI apekSA AdhyAtmika hI adhika hai / pUjyapAda : zvetAmbara vidvAn tattvArthasUtra ke tattvArthAdhigama bhASyako svopajJa mAnate haiM / isameM bhI darzanAntarIya carcAe~ nahIM ke barAbara haiM / A0 pUjyapAdane tattvArtha sUtra para sarvArthasiddhi nAmakI sAragarbha TIkA likhI hai / isameM tattvArthake sabhI prameyoM kA vivecana hai / inake iSTopadeza, samAdhitantra Adi grantha AdhyAtmika dRSTise hI likhe gaye hai / hA~, jainendravyAkaraNakA AdisUtra inane "siddhiranekAntAt " hI banAyA hai / 2. anekAnta sthApanakA la samantabhadra aura siddhasena : jaba bauddhadarzanameM nAgArjuna, vasubaMdhu, asaMga tathA bauddhanyAyake pitA dignAgakA yuga AyA aura darzanazAstriyoMmeM ina bauddhadArzanikoMke prabala tarkaprahAroMse becainI utpanna ho rahI thI, eka tarahase darzanazAstra ke tArkika aMza aura parapakSa khaMDanakA prArambha ho cukA thA, usa samaya jainaparamparAmeM yugapradhAna svAmI samantabhadra aura nyAyAvatArI siddhasenakA udaya huA / inake sAmane saiddhAntika aura Agamika paribhASAoM aura zabdoMko darzana ke caukhaTemeM baiThAnekA mahAn kArya thA / isa yugameM jo dharmasaMsthA prativA - diyoMke AkSepoMkA nirAkaraNa kara svadarzanakI prabhAvanA nahIM kara sakatI thI usakA astitva hI khataremeM thA / ataH paracakra se rakSA karaneke liye apanA durga svataH saMvRta karaneke mahattvapUrNa kAryakA prArambha ana+do mahAn AcAryone kiyA / svAmI samantabhadra prasiddha stutikAra the / inane AptakI stuti karane ke prasaMgase AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana aura bRhatsvayambhUstotra meM ekAntavAdoM
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________________ jainadarzana kI AlocanAke sAtha-hI-sAtha anekAntakA sthApana, syAdvAdakA lakSaNa, sunaya-durnayako vyAkhyA aura anekAntame anekAnta lagAneko prakriyA btaaii| inane buddhi aura zabdakI satyatA aura asatyatAkA AdhAra mokSamArgopayogitAkI jagaha bAhyArthakI prApti aura aprAptiko btaayaa| 'svaparAvabhAsaka buddhi pramANa hai' yaha pramANakA lakSaNa sthira kiyA', tathA ajJAnanivRtti, hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAko pramANakA phala batAyA~ / inakA samaya 2rI, 3ro zatAbdI hai| A0 siddhasenane sanmatitarkasUtrame naya aura anekAntakA gambhIra vizada aura maulika vivecana to kiyA ho hai para unako vizeSatA hai nyAyake avatAra karane kI / inane pramANake svaparAvabhAsaka lakSaNameM 'bAdhavarjita vizeSaNa dekara use vizeSa samRddha kiyA, jJAnakI pramANatA aura apramANatA kA AdhAra mokSamArgopayogitAko jagaha dharmakItikI taraha 'meyavinizcaya ko rakhA / yAnI ina AcAryoke yugase 'jJAna' dArzanika kSetrameM apanI pramANatA bAhyArthakI prApti yA meyavinizcayase hI sAbita kara sakatA thaa| A0 siddhasenane nyAyAvatArameM pramANake pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ye tIna bheda kiye hai| isa pramANatritvavAdakI paramparA Age nahIM clii| inane pratyakSa aura anumAna donoMke svArtha aura parArtha bheda kiye hai / anumAna aura hetukA lakSaNa karake dRSTAnta, dUSaNa Adi parArthAnumAnake samasta parikarakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| pAtrakesarI aura zrIdatta ____ jaba dignAgane hetukA lakSaNa 'trilakSaNa' sthApita kiyA aura hetuke lakSaNa tathA zAstrArthakI paddhati para hI zAstrArtha hone lage taba pAtrasvAmI ( pAtrakesarI )ne trilakSaNakadarzana aura zrIdattane jalpanirNaya granthoMme hetukA 1. AptamI0 zlo0 87 / 3. AptamI0 zlo0 102 / 2. bRhatsvaya0 zlo0 63 / 4. nyAyAvatAra0 zlo01 /
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana 21 anyathAnupapatti-rUpase eka lakSaNa sthApita kiyA aura 'vAda' kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyaa| 3. pramANavyavasthA yuga jinabhadra aura akalaMka: ___ A0 jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ( I0 7vIM sadI ) anekAnta aura naya AdikA vivecana karate haiM tathA pratyeka prameyameM use lagAneko paddhati bhI batAte haiM / inane laukika indriyapratyakSako jo abhI taka parokSa kahA jAtA thA aura isake kAraNa vyavahArameM asamaMjasatA AtI thI, saMvyavahArapratyakSa saMjJA dI' arthAt Agamika paribhASAke anusAra yadyapi indrijanya jJAna parokSa hI hai para lokavyavahArake nirvAhArtha use saMvyavahArapratyakSa kahA jAtA hai / yaha saMvyavahAra zabda vijJAnavAdI bauddhoMke yahA~ prasiddha rahA hai / bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ( I0 7 vI ) sacamuca jaina pramANazAstrake sajIva pratiSThApaka haiM / inane apane laghIyastraya ( kA0 3, 10 ) meM prathamataH pramANake do bheda karake phira pratyakSake spaSTa rUpase mukhyapratyakSa aura sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ye do bheda kiye hai| parokSapramANake bhedoMmeM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agamako avizada jJAna honeke kAraNa sthAna diyA / isa taraha pramANazAstrako vyavasthita rUparekhA yahA~se prArambha hotI hai| anuyogadvAra, sthAnAMga aura bhagavatIsUtrameM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama ina cAra pramANoMkA nirdeza milatA hai / yaha paramparA nyAyasUtrakI hai / tattvArthabhASyameM isa paramparAko 'nayavAdAntareNa' rUpase nirdeza karake bhI isako svaparamparAmeM sthAna nahIM diyA hai aura na uttarakAlIna kisI jaina graMthameM inakA kucha vivaraNa yA nirdeza hI hai| samasta uttarakAlIna jainadArzanikoMne akalaMkadvArA pratiSThApita pramANapaddhatiko hI pablavita aura puSpita karake jaina nyAyodyAnako suvAsita kiyA hai| 1. vizeSA0 bhASya gA0 95 /
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________________ 22 jainadarzana upAyatattva : . upAya tattvoMmeM mahattvapUrNa sthAna naya aura syAdvAdakA haiM / naya sApekSa dRSTikA nAmAntara hai / syAdvAda bhASAkA vaha nirdoSa prakAra hai jisake dvArA anekAntavastuke paripUrNa aura yathArtha rUpake adhika-se-adhika samIpa pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / A0 kundakundake paMcAstikAyameM saptabhaMgIkA hameM spaSTa rUpase ullekha milatA hai / bhagavatIsUtrameM jina aneka bhaMgajAloMkA varNana hai, unameM se prakRta sAta bhaMga bhI chA~Te jA sakate haiM / svAmI samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsA meM isI saptabhaMgIkA aneka dRSTiyoMse vivecana hai / usameM satasat, eka-aneka, nitya-anitya, dvaita-advaita, daiva-puruSArtha, puNya-pApa Adi aneka prameyoMpara isa saptabhaMgI ko lagAyA gayA hai / siddhasenake sanmatitarkameM anekAnta aura nayakA vizada varNana hai / A0 samantabhadrane "vidheyaM vArya" Adi rUpase sAta prakArake padArtha hI nirUpita kiye haiM / daiva aura puruSArtha - kA jo vivAda usa samaya dRDhamUla thA usake viSayameM svAmIsamantabhadrane spaSTa likhA hai ki na to koI kArya kevala daivase hotA hai aura na kevala puruSArthase / jahA~ buddhipUrvaka prayatnake abhAva meM phalaprApti ho vahA~ daivakI pradhAnatA mAnanI cAhiye aura puruSArthako gauNa tathA jahA~ buddhipUrvaka prayatnase kAryasiddhi ho vahA~ puruSArthako pradhAna aura daivako gauNa mAnanA cAhie / r 3 isa taraha A0 sAmantabhadra aura siddhasenane naya, saptabhaMgI, anekAnta Adi jainadarzanake AdhArabhUta padArthoMkA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA hai / inhoMne usa samayake pracalita sabhI vAdoMkA nayadRSTise jainadarzanameM samanvaya kiyA aura sabhI vAdiyoMmeM paraspara vicArasahiSNutA aura samatA lAnekA prayatna kiyA / isI yugameM nyAyabhASya, yogabhASya aura zAvara bhASya Adi bhASya race gaye haiM / yaha yuga bhAratIya tarkazAstra ke vikAsakA prAraMbha yuga 1. dekho, jainatarka vArtika prastAvanA pR0 44-48 | 2. bRhatsvaya0 zlo0 118 / 3. AptamI0 zlo0 91 /
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana 23 thA / isameM sabhI darzana apanI apanI taiyAriyA~ kara rahe the / apane tarka zastra painA rahe the / darzana-kSetrameM sabase pahalA AkramaNa bauddhoMkI orase huA, jisake senApati the nAgArjuna aura dignAga | tabhI vaidika dArzanika paramparAmeM nyAyavArtikakAra udyotakara, mImAMsAzlokavArtikakAra kumArilabhaTTa Adine vaidikadarzanake saMrakSaNameM paryApta prayatna kiye / A0 mallavAdine dvAdazAranayacakra granthameM vividha bhaMgoM dvArA jainetara dRSTiyoMke samanvayakA saphala prayatna kiyA / yaha grantha Aja mUlarUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai / isakI siMhagaNikSamAzramaNakRta vRtti upalabdha hai / isI yugameM sumati, zrIdatta, pAtrasvAmI Adi AcAryoMne jainanyAyake vividha aMgoMpara svatantra aura vyAkhyA granthoMkA nirmANa prArambha kiyA / vi0 kI 7 vIM aura 8 vIM zatAbdI darzanazAstra ke itihAsa meM viplava - kA yuga thA / isa samaya nAlandA vizvavidyAlayake AcArya dharmapAlake ziSya dharmakIrtikA saparivAra udaya huA / zAstrArthokI dhUma macI huI thI / dharmakIrtine sadalabala prabala tarkabalase vaidika darzanoMpara pracaMDa prahAra kiye / jainadarzana bhI inake AkSepoMse nahIM bacA thA / yadyapi aneka muddoMmeM jainadarzana aura bauddhadarzana samAnatantrIya the, para kSaNikavAda, nairAtmyavAda, zUnyavAda, vijJAnavAda Adi bauddha vAdoMkA dRSTikoNa aikAntika honeke kAraNa donoMmeM spaSTa virodha thA aura isIliye inakA prabala khaMDana jainanyAyake granthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| dharmakIrtike AkSepoMke uddhArArtha isI samaya prabhAkara, vyomaziva, maMDanamizra, zaMkarAcArya, bhaTTa jayanta, vAcaspatimizra, zAlikanAtha Adi vaidika dArzanikoMkA prAdurbhAva huA / inhoMne vaidikadarzanake saMrakSaNake liye bharasaka prayatna kiye| isI saMgharSayugameM jainanyAyake prasthApaka do mahAn AcArya hue| ve haiM akalaMka aura haribhadra / inake bauddhoMse jamakara zAstrArtha hue / inake granthoMkA bahubhAga bauddhadarzanake khaMDanase bharA huA hai / dharmakIrti pramANavArtika aura pramANavinizcaya AdikA khaMDana akalaMkake siddhivinizcaya, nyAyavinizcaya, pramANasaMgraha aura aSTazatI Adi prakaraNoMmeM
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________________ 24 jainadarzana pAyA jAtA hai / haribhadrake zAstravArtAsamuccaya, anekAntajayapatAkA aura anekAntavAdapraveza AdimaM bauddhadarzanakI prakhara AlocanA hai / eka bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jahA~ vaidikadarzanake granthoMmeM itara matoM kA mAtra khaMDana ho khaMDana hai vahAM jainadarzanagranthoMmeM itara matoMkA naya aura syAdvAda - paddhati se viziSTa samanvaya bhI kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha mAnasa ahiMsAkI usI udAra dRSTikA paripoSaNa kiyA gayA hai / haribhadrake zAstra - vArtAsamuccaya, SaDdarzanasamuccaya aura dharmasaMgrahaNI Adi isake viziSTa udAharaNa hai / yahA~ yaha likhanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki cArvAka, naiyAyika, vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura mImAMsaka Adi matoMke khaMDanameM dharmakIrtine jo athaka zrama kiyA hai usase ina AcAryoMkA ukta matoMke khaMDanakA kArya bahuta kucha sarala bana gayA thA / jaba dharmakIrtike ziSya devendramati, prajJAkaragupta, karNakagomi, zAMtarakSita aura arcaMTa Adi apane pramANavArtikaTIkA, pramANavArtikAlaMkAra, pramANavArtikasvavRttiTIkA, tattvasaMgraha, vAdanyAyaTIkA aura hetubinduTokA Adi grantha raca cuke aura inameM kumArila, Izvarasena aura maMDanamizra Adi matoMkA khaMDana kara cuke tathA vAcaspati, jayanta Adi usa khaMDanodvArake kArya meM vyasta the taba isI yugameM anantavIryane bauddhadarzanake khaMDanameM siddhinizcayaTIkA banAI | AcArya siddhasenake sanmatisUtra aura akalaMkadevake siddhivinizcayako jainadarzanaprabhAvaka granthoMmeM sthAna prApta hai / A0 vidyAnandane tattvArthazlokavArtika, aSTasahasrI, AptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, satyazAsanaparIkSA aura yuktyanuzAsanaTIkA jaise jainanyAya ke mUrdhanya granthoMko banAkara apanA nAma sArthaka kiyA / isI samaya udayanAcArya, bhaTTa zrIdhara Adi vaidika dArzanikoMne vAcaspati mizrake avaziSTa kArya ko pUrA kiyA / yaha yuga vikramakI 8vIM, 8vIM sadIkA thA / isI samaya AcArya mANikyanaMdine parIkSAmukhasUtrakI racanA kI / yaha jaina nyAyakA Adya sUtragrantha hai jo Ageke sUtragranthoMke liye AdhArabhUta Adarza siddha huA /
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________________ sAmAnyAvalokana vi0 ko dasavIM sadImeM A0 siddharSisUrine nyAyAvatArapara TokA rcii| vi0 11-12 vIM sadIko eka prakArase jainadarzanakA madhyAhnottara samajhanA caahie| isameM vAdirAjasUrine nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa aura prabhAcandrane prameyakamalamArtaNDa tathA nyAyakumudacandra jaise bRhatkAya TIkAgranthoMkA nirmANa kiyaa| zAMtisUrikA jainatarkavArtika, abhayadevasUrikI sanmatitarkaTIkA, jinezvarasUrikA pramANalakSaNa, anantavIryako prameyaratnamAlA, hemacandrasUrikI pramANamImAMsA, vAdidevasUrikA pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra aura syAdvAdaratnAkara, candraprabhasUrikA prameyaratnakoSa, municandra mUrikA anekAntajayapatAkAkA TippaNa Adi grantha isI yugakI kRtiyA~ haiM / terahavIM zatAbdImeM malayagiri AcArya eka samartha TIkAkAra hue| isI yugameM malliSeNakI syAdvAdamaMjarI, ratnaprabhasUrikI ratnAkarAvatArikA, candrasenakI utpAdAdisiddhi, rAmacandra guNacandrakA dravyAlaMkAra Adi grantha likhe gye| 14vIM sadImeM somatilakako SaDdarzanasamuccayaTIkA, 15vIM sadImeM guNaratnakI SaDdarzanasamuccayabRhavRtti, rAjazekharakI syAdvAdakalikA Adi, bhAvasena vidyadevakA vizvatattvaprakAza Adi mahattvapUrNa grantha likhe gaye / dharmabhUSaNakI nyAyadIpikA bhI isI yugakI mahattvako kRti hai / 4. navIna nyAyayuga vikramakI terahavIM sadImeM gaMgezopAdhyAyane navyanyAyakI nIMva DAlI aura pramANa-prameyako avacchedakAvacchinnakI bhASAmeM jakar3a diyA / satrahavIM zatAbdImeM upAdhyAya yazovijayajIne navyanyAyako pariSkRta zailImeM khaMDanakhaMDakhAdya Adi aneka granthoMkA nirmANa kiyA aura usa yuga takake vicAroMkA samanvaya tathA unheM navyaDhaMgase pariSkRta karanekA Adya aura mahAn pratyana kiyaa| vimaladAsakI saptabhaMgitaraMgiNI navya zailIko akelI aura
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________________ 26 jainadarzana anUThI racanA hai| aThArahavIM sadImeM yazasvatasAgarane saptapadArthI Adi granthoMkI racanA kii| akalaMkadevake pratiSThApita pramANazAstrapara anekoM vidvacchiromaNi AcAryoM ne grantha likhakara jainadarzanake vikAsameM jo bhagIratha prayatna kiye haiM unakI yaha eka jhalaka mAtra hai| ___ isI taraha upeyake utpAdAditrayAtmaka svarUpa tathA AtmAke svatantra tathA aneka dravyatvakI siddhi ukta AcAryoMke granthoMmeM barAbara pAI jAtI hai| upasahAra mUlataH jainadharma AcArapradhAna hai| isameM tattvajJAnakA upayoga bhI AcArazuddhike lie hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tarka jaise zuSka zAstrakA upayoga bhI jainAcAryoMne samanvaya aura samatAke sthApanameM kiyA hai| darzanika kaTAkaTIke yugameM bhI isa prakArako samatA aura udAratA tathA ekatAke liye prayojaka samanvayadRSTi kA kAyama rakhanA ahiMsAke pujAriyoMkA hI kArya thaa| syAdvAdake svarUpa tathA usake prayogakI vidhiyoMke vivecanameM hI jainAcAryone aneka grantha likhe haiN| isa taraha dArzanika ekatA sthApita karanemeM jainadarzanakA akelA aura sthAyI prayatna rahA hai| isa jaisI udAra sUktiyA~ anyatra kama milatI haiM / yathA "bhavabIjAGkarajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai ||"-hemcndr / arthAt jisake saMsArako puSTa karanevAle rAgAdi doSa vinaSTa ho gaye hai, cAhe vaha brahmA ho, viSNu ho, ziva ho, yA jina ho use namaskAra hai| "pakSapAto na me vIrena dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH prigrhH||"-loktttvnirnny / arthAt mujhe mahAvIrase rAga nahIM hai aura na kapila Adise dveSa / jisake bhI vacana yuktiyukta hoM, usakI zaraNa jAnA cAhiye /
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________________ 2. viSaya praveza darzanakI udbhUti: bhArata dharmapradhAna deza hai| isane sadA se 'mai' aura 'vizva' tathA unake paraspara sambandhako lekara cintana aura manana kiyA hai| draSTA RSiyoMne aihika cintAse mukta ho usa Atmatattvake gaveSaNameM apanI zakti lagAI hai jisakI dhurIpara yaha saMsAracakra ghUmatA hai| manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai / vaha akelA nahIM raha sktaa| use apane AsapAsake prANiyoMse sambandha sthApita karanA hI par3atA hai| AtmasAdhanAke lie bhI cAroM orake vAtAvaraNako zAnti apekSita hotI hai| vyakti cAhatA hai ki maiM svayaM nirAkula kaise hoU~ ? rAga-dveSa Adi dvandvoMse pare hokara nirdvandva dazAmeM kisa prakAra pahu~cU~ ? aura samAja tathA vizvameM sukha-zAntikA rAja kaise ho ? inhIM do cintAoMmese samAja-racanAke aneka prayoga niSpanna hue tathA hote jA rahe hai| vyaktikI nirAkula honekI prabala icchAne yaha socaneko bAdhya kiyA ki Akhira 'vyakti' hai kyA ? kyA yaha janmase maraNa taka calanevAlA bhautika piNDa hI hai yA mRtyuke bAda bhI isakA svatantra rUpase astitva raha jAtA hai ? upaniSadke RSiyoMko jaba Atmatattvake vivAdake bAda sonA, gAyeM aura dAsiyoMkA parigraha karate hue dekhate hai taba aisA lagatA hai ki yaha Atma-carcA kyA kevala laukika pratiSThAkA sAdhanamAtra hI hai ? kyA isIliye buddhane AtmAke punarjanmako 'avyAkaraNIya' batAyA ? ye saba aise prazna hai jinane 'AtmajijJAsA' utpanna kI aura jIvana-saMgharSane sAmAjika-racanAke AdhArabhUta tattvoMko khojakI ora pravRtta kiyaa| punarjanmakI aneka ghaTanAoMne kautUhala utpanna kiye / antataH bhAratIya darzana Atmatattva, punarjanma aura
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________________ jainadarzana usakI prakriyAke vivecanameM pravRtta hue| bauddhadarzanameM AtmAkI abhautikatA kA samarthana tathA zAstrArtha pIche Aye avazya, para mUlame buddhane isake svarUpake sambandhameM mauna hI rakhA / isakA vivecana unane do 'na' ke sahAre kiyA aura kahA ki-AtmA na to bhautika hai aura na zAzvata ho hai / na vaha bhUtapiNDakI taraha ucchinna hotA hai aura na upaniSadvAdiyoMke anusAra zAzvata hokara sadA kAla eka rahatA hai| phira hai kyA ? isako unane anupayogI ( isakA jAnanA na nirvANake lie Avazyaka hai aura na brahmacarya ke lie hI ) kahakara TAla diyaa| anya bhAratIya darzana 'AtmA' ke svarUpake sambandhameM cupa nahIM rahe, kintu unhoMne apane apane graMthoM meM itara matokA nirAsa karake paryApta UhApoha kiyA hai| unake lie yaha mUlabhUta samasyA thI, jisake Upara bhAratIya cintana aura sAdhanAkA mahAprAsAda khar3A hotA hai / isa taraha saMkSepameM dekhA jAya to bhAratIya darzanoMkI cintana aura mananakI dhurI 'AtmA aura vizvakA svarUpa' hI rahI hai| isIkA zravaNa, darzana, manana, cintana aura nidadhyAsana jIvanake antima lakSya the| darzana zabdakA artha : sAdhAraNatayA darzanakA moTA aura spaSTa artha hai sAkSAtkAra karanA, pratyakSajJAna se kisI vastukA nirNaya karanA / yadi darzanakA yahI artha hai to darzanoMmeM tIna aura chahakI taraha paraspara virodha kyoM hai ? pratyakSa darzanase jina padArthoMkA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai unameM virodha, vivAda yA matabhedakI guJjAiza nahIM rhtii| AjakA vijJAna isIlie prAyaH nirvivAda aura sarvamatise satyapara pratiSThita mAnA jAtA hai ki usake prayogAMza kevala dimAgI na hokara prayogazAlAoMmeM pratyakSa jJAna yA tanmUlaka avyabhicArI kAryakAraNabhAvakI dRr3ha bhittipara Azrita hote haiM / 'hAiDrojana aura oNksijana milakara jala banatA hai' isameM matabheda tabhI
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________________ viSaya praveza taka calatA hai jaba taka prayogazAlAmeM donoMko milAkara jala nahIM banA diyA jAtA / jaba darzanoMmeM paga-paga para pUrva pazcima jaisA virodha vidyamAna hai taba svabhAvataH jijJAsuko yaha sandeha hotA hai ki-darzana zabdakA sacamuca sAkSAtkAra artha hai yA nahIM ? yA yadi yahI artha hai to vastuke pUrNa rUpakA vaha darzana hai yA nahIM ? yadi vastuke pUrNa svarUpakA darzana bhI huA ho to usake varNanakI prakriyAmeM antara hai kyA ? darzanoMke paraspara virodhakA koI-na-koI aisA hI hetu honA hI cAhiye / dUra na jAiye, sarvathA aura sarvataH sannikaTa aura pratizvAsa anubhavameM AnevAle AtmAke svarUpa para hI darzanakAroMke sAkSAtkArapara vicAra kiijiye| sAMkhya AtmAko kUTastha nitya mAnate haiM / inake matameM AtmA sAkSI cetA nirguNa anAdyananta avikArI aura nitya tattva hai| bauddha ThIka isake viparIta pratikSaNa parivartanazIla cittakSaNarUpa hI AtmA mAnate haiN| naiyAyika-vaizeSika parivartana to mAnate haiM, para vaha parivartana bhinna guNa tathA kriyA taka ho sImita hai, AtmAmeM usakA asara nahIM hotaa| mImAMsakane avasthAbhedakRta parivartana svIkAra karake bhI aura una avasthAoMkA dravyase kathaJcit bhedAbheda mAnakara bhI dravyako nitya svIkAra kiyA hai jainoMne avasthAparyAyabhedakRta parivartanake mUla AdhAra dravyameM parivartana kAlameM kisI sthAyo aMzako nahIM mAnA, kintu avicchinna paryAyaparamparAke anAdyananta cAlU rahaneko hI dravya mAnA hai| yaha paryAyaparamparA na kabhI vicchinna hotI hai aura na ucchinna hii| vedAntI isa jIvako brahmakA prAtibhAsika rUpa mAnatA hai to cArvAka ina sabase bhinna bhUtacatuSTayarUpa hI AtmA svIkAra karatA hai-use AtmAke svatantra tattvake rUpameM kabhI darzana nahIM hue| yaha to AtmAke svarUpa-darzanakA hAla hai| aba usakI AkRtipara vicAra kareM, to aise hI aneka darzana milate haiM / 'AtmA amUrta hai yA mUrta hokara bhI vaha itanA sUkSmatama hai ki hameM ina carmacakSuoMse nahIM dikhAI detA' isameM sabhI ekamata haiN| isaliye kucha atIndriyadarzI RSiyoMne
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________________ 30 jainadarzana aNurUpase sAkSAtkAra kiyA, vaha aMguSThamAtra hai / 'kuchako deharUpa hI dehake AkAra saMkoca - vikAsazIla / yathArtha aura pUrNa hai / apane darzanase batAyA ki AtmA sarvavyApaka hai, to dUsare RSiyoMne usakA vaTabIjake samAna atyanta sUkSma hai yA AtmA dikhA to kinhIMko choTe-bar3e vicArA jijJAsu aneka pagaDaMDiyoMvAre isa dazarAhe para khar3A hokara digbhrAnta ho jAtA hai / vaha yA to darzanazabda ke arthameM hI zaMkA karatA hai yA phira darzanakI pUrNatA meM hI avizvAsa karane lagatA hai / pratyeka darzanakA yahI dAvA hai ki vahI eka ora ye darzana mAnavake manana tarkako jagAte haiM, para jyoM hI manana- tarka apanI svAbhAvika khurAka mAMgatA hai to "tarko'pratiSThaH "" "tarkApratiSThAnAt "" "naiSA tarkeNa matirapaneyA" jaise bandhanoM se usakA mu~ha banda kiyA jAtA hai / 'tarkase kucha nahIM ho sakatA' ityAdi tarkanairAzyakA pracAra bhI isI paramparAkA kArya hai / jaba indriyagamya padArthoM meM tarkakI AvazyakatA nahIM aura upayogitA bhI nahIM hai tathA atIndriya padArthoMmeM usakI niHsAratA evaM akSamatA hai to phira usakA kSetra kyA bacatA hai ? AcArya haribhadra tarkakI asamarthatA bahuta spaSTa rUpase batAte haiM 3 "jJAyeran hetuvAdena padArthAM yadyatIndriyAH / kAlenaitAvatA teSAM kRtaH syAdarthanirNayaH / / " - yogadRSTisa0145 / arthAt -- yadi hetuvAda- tarkake dvArA atIndriya padArthoMkA nizcaya karanA zakya hotA to Aja taka bar3e-bar3e tarkamanISI hue, ve ina padArthoMkA nirNaya abhI taka kara cuke hote / parantu AtIndriya padArthoMke svarUpakI pahelI pahalese bhI adhika ulajhI hai / usa vijJAnakI jaya mAnanA cAhiye jisane bhautika padArthoMkI atIndriyatA bahuta hada taka samApta kara dI hai aura usakA phaisalA apanI prayogazAlAmeM kara DAlA hai / 1. mahAbhArata vanaparva 313 / 110 / 3. kaThopaniSat 2 / 9 / 2. brahmasU0 2 / 1 / 11 /
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________________ viSaya praveza darzanakA artha nirvikalpaka nahIM : bauddha paramparA meM darzana zabda nirvikalpaka pratyakSake arthameM vyavahRta hotA hai| isake dvArA yadyapi yathArtha vastuke sabhI dharmoMkA anubhava ho jAtA hai, akhaMDabhAvase pUrI vastu isakA viSaya bana jAtI hai, para nizcaya nahIM hotAusameM saMketAnusArI zabdaprayoga nahIM hotaa| isaliye una una aMzoMke nizcayake liye vikalpajJAna tathA anumAnakI pravRtti hotI hai / isa nivikalpaka pratyakSake dvArA vastukA jo svarUpa anubhavameM AtA hai vaha vastutaH zabdoMke agocara hai / zabda vahA~ taka nahIM pahu~ca sakate / samasta vAcyavAcaka vyavahAra buddhi kalpita hai, vaha dimAga taka hI sImita hai / ataH isa darzanake dvArA hama vastuko jAna bhI leM to bhI vaha usI rUpameM hamAre vacana-vyavahAra meM nahIM A sakatI / sAdhAraNa rUpase itanA hI samajha sakate haiM ki nirvikalpaka darzanase vastuke akhaMDa rUpakI kucha jhA~kI milatI hai, jo zabdoMke agocara hai / ataH 'darzanazAstra' kA darzana zabda isa 'nirvikalpaka pratyakSa' kI sImAmeM nahIM baMdha sakatA; kyoMki darzanakA sArA phailAva vikalpakSetra aura zabdaprayogakI bhUmi para huA hai| arthakriyAke liye vastuke nizcayakI AvazyakatA hai| yaha nizcaya vikalparUpa hI hotA hai| jina vikalpoMko vastudarzanakA pRSTabala prApta haiM, ve pramANa haiM arthAt jinakA samvandha sAkSAt yA paramparAse vastuke sAtha jur3a sakatA hai ve prApya vastuko dRSTise pramANakoTimeM A jAte haiN| jinheM darzanakA pRSThavala prApta nahIM hai arthAt jo kevala vikalpavAsanAse utpanna hote haiM ve apramANa hai / ataH yadi darzana zabdako AtmA Adi padArthoMke sAmAnyAvalokana arthameM liyA jAtA hai to matabhedakI guJjAiza kama hai| matabheda to usa sAmAnyAvalokanakI vyAkhyA aura nirUpaNa karanemeM haiN| eka sundarIkA zava dekhakara bhikSuko saMsArakI asAra dazAko bhAvanA hotI hai to kAmIkA mana gudagudAne lagatA hai| kuttA use apanA bhakSya samajha kara
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________________ 32 jainadarzana prasanna hotA hai / yadyapi ina tInoM kalpanAnoMke pIche zavadarzana hai, para vyAkhyAeM aura kalpanAe~ judI - judI hai / yadyapi nirvikalpaka darzana vastuke abhAvameM nahIM hotA aura vahI darzana pramANa hai jo arthase utpanna hotA hai / para prazna yaha hai ki -- kauna darzana padArthase utpanna huA hai yA padArthako sattAkA avinAbhAvI hai ? pratyeka darzanakAra yahI kahanekA AdI hai kihamAre darzanakAra RSine AtmA AdikA usI prakAra nirmala bodhase sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai jaisA ki unake darzanameM varNita hai / taba yaha nirNaya kaise ho ki- 'amuka darzana vAstavika arthasamudbhUta hai aura amuka darzana mAtra kapolakalpita ?' ataH darzana zabda kI yaha nirvikalpaka rUpa vyAkhyA bhI darzanazAstra ke 'darzana' ko apanemeM nahIM bAMdha pAtI / darzanakI pRSThabhUmi : saMsArakA pratyeka padArtha ananta dharmoMkA akhaMDa maulika piNDa hai / 'padArthakA virAT svarUpa samagrabhAvase vacanoMke Agocara hai / vaha sAmAnya rUpase akhaMDa maulikakI dRSTise jJAnakA viSaya hokara bhI zabdakI daur3ake bAhara hai / kevalajJAnameM jo vastukA svarUpa jhalakatA hai, usakA anantavA~ bhAga hI zabdake dvArA prajJApanIya hotA hai / aura jitanA zabdake dvArA kahA jAtA hai usakA anantavA~ bhAga zrutanibaddha hotA hai / tAtparya yaha ki - zru tanibaddharUpa darzanameM pUrNa vastuke ananta dharmokA samagrabhAvase pratipAdana honA zakya nahIM hai / usa akhaMDa anantadharmavAlI vastuko vibhinna darzanakAra RSiyoMne apane apane dRSTikoNa se dekhanekA prayAsa kiyA hai aura apane dRSTikoNoMko zabdoM meM bA~dhanekA upakrama kiyA hai / jisa prakAra vastuke dharma ananta haiM usI prakAra unake darzaka dRSTikoNa bhI ananta haiM aura pratipAdanake sAghana zabda bhI ananta hI haiM / jo dRSTiyA~ vastuke svarUpakA AdhAra chor3a 1. "parivrAT kAmukazunAm ekasyAM pramadAtanau 1 ari kAminI bhakSyastisra etA hi kalpanAH // "
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________________ viSaya praveza 33 kara kevala kalpanAlokameM daur3atI hai, ve vastusparzI na honeke kAraNa darzanAbhAsa hI hai, satya nahIM / jo vastusparza karanevAlI dRSTiyA~ apanese bhinna vastvaMzako grahaNa karanevAle dRSTikoNoMkA samAdara karatI hai, ve satyonmukha honese satya hai| jinameM yaha Agraha hai ki mere dvArA dekhA gayA vastukA aMza ho saca hai, anyake dvArA jAnA gayA mithyA hai, ve vastusvarUpase parAGmukha honeke kAraNa mithyA aura visaMvAdinI hotI hai| isa taraha vastuke anantadharmA svarUpako kendrameM rakhakara usake grAhaka vibhinna 'dRSTikoNa' ke arthameM yadi darzana zabdakA vyavahAra mAnA jAya to vaha kathamapi sArthaka ho sakatA hai| jaba jagatakA pratyeka padArtha sat-asata, nitya-anitya, ekaaneka Adi paraspara virodhI vibhinna dharmokA avirodhI krIr3Asthala hai taba inake grAhaka vibhinna dRSTikoNoMko Apasame TakarAnekA avasara hI nahI hai / unhe paraspara umI taraha sadbhAva aura sahiSNutA vartanI cAhiye jima prakAra unake viSayabhUta anantadharma vastume avirodhI bhAvage samAye hue rahate hai / darzana arthAt bhAvanAtmaka sAkSAtkAra : tAtparya yaha hai ki vibhinna darzanakAra RSiyoMne apane-apane dRSTikoNoMse vastuke svarUpako jAnanekI ceSTA kI hai aura usIkA bAra-bAra manana-cintana aura nidadhyAmana kiyA hai / jisakA yaha svAbhAvika phala hai ki unheM apanI balavatI bhAvanAke anusAra vastukA vaha svarUpa spaSTa jhalakA aura dikhA / bhAvanAtmaka sAkSatkArake balapara bhaktako bhagavAnakA darzana hotA hai, isakI aneka ghaTanAeM sunI jAtI hai| zoka yA kAmakI tIvra pariNati hone para mRta iSTajana aura priya kAminIkA spaSTa darzana anubhavakA viSaya hI hai| kAlidAsakA yakSa apanI bhAvanAke valapara meghako sandezavAhaka banAtA hai aura usame dUtatvakA spaSTa darzana karatA hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsako bhakti 1. " kAmazokabhayonmAdacaurasvapnAghupaplutAH / AbhUtAnapi pazyanti purato'trasthitAniva ||"-prmaannvaa0 2 / 282 /
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________________ jainadarzana aura bhagavadguNoMkI prakRSTa bhAvanAke balapara citrakUTameM bhagavAn rAmake darzana avazya hue hoMge / Aja bhaktoMkI anaginata paramparA apanI tIvratama prakRSTa bhAvanAke paripAkase apane ArAdhyakA spaSTa darzana karatI hai, yaha vizeSa sandehakI bAta nhiiN| isa taraha apane lakSya aura dRSTikoNakI prakRSTa bhAvanAse vizvake padArthoMkA spaSTa darzana vibhinna darzanakAra RSiyoMko huA hogA yaha niHsandeha hai| ataH isI bhAvanAtmaka sAkSatkAra' ke arthameM 'darzana' zabdakA prayoga huA hai, yaha bAta hRdayako lagatI hai aura sambhava bhI hai / phalitArtha yaha hai ki pratyeka darzanakAra RSine pahile cetana aura jar3ake svarUpa, unakA paraspara sambandha tathA dRzya jagatkI vyavasthAke marmako jAnanekA apanA dRSTikoNa banAyA, pIche usIkI satata cintana aura mananadhArAke paripAkase jo tattva-sAkSAtkArakI prakRSTa aura balavatI bhAvanA huI usake vizada aura sphuTa AbhAsase nizcaya kiyA ki unane vizvakA yathArtha darzana kiyA hai to darzanakA mUla udgama 'dRSTikoNa' se huA hai aura usakA antima paripAka hai bhAvanAtmaka sAkSAtkArameM / darzana arthAt dRr3ha pratIti : prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajIne nyAyakumudacandra dvi0 bhAgake prAkkathanameM darzana zabdakA 'sabala pratIti' artha kiyA hai / 'samyagdarzana' meM jo 'darzana' zabda hai usakA artha tattvArthasUtra (112 ), meM 'zraddhAna' kiyA gayA hai tattvoMkI dRr3ha zraddhAko hI samyagdarzana kahate haiN| isa arthase jisakI jisa tattvapara dRr3ha zraddhA ho arthAt aTUTa vizvAsa ho vahI usakA darzana hai / yaha artha aura bhI hRdayagrAhI hai; kyoMki pratyeka darzanakAra RSiko apane dRSTikoNa para dRr3hatama vizvAsa thA hii| vizvAsakI bhUmikAe~ vibhinna hotI hI haiN| jaba darzana isa taraha vizvAsakI bhUmikA para pratiSThita huA to usameM matabheda honA svabhAvika hI hai| isI matabhedake kAraNa 'muNDe-muNDe matirbhinnA' ke mUrtarUpameM aneka darzanoMkI sRSTi huI / sabhI darzanoMne vizvAsa
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________________ viSaya praveza kI bhUmipara utpanna hokara bhI apane meM pUrNatA aura sAkSAtkArakA rUpaka liyA tathA aneka aparihArya vivAdoMko janma diyaa| zAsanaprabhAvanAke nAmapara inhIM matavAdoMke samarthanake lie zAstrArtha hue, saMgharSa hue aura darzanazAstrake itihAsake pRSTha raktaraJjita kiye gye| ___ sabhI darzana vizvAsakI urvara-bhUmimeM panapakara bhI apane praNetAoMmeM sAkSAtkAra aura pUrNa jJAnako bhAvanAko phailAte rhe| phalataH jijJAsukI jijJAsA sandehake caurAhepara pahu~cakara bhaTaka gaI / darzanoMne jijJAsuko satyasAkSAtkAra yA tattvanirNayakA bharosA to diyA, para antataH usake hAthameM ananta tarkajAlake phalasvarupa sandeha hI pdd'aa| jaina dRSTikoNase darzana arthAt naya : jainadarzanameM prameyake adhigamake upAyoMme 'pramANa'ke sAtha-hI-sAtha 'naya' ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai / 'naya' pramANake dvArA gRhIta vastuke aMzako viSaya karanevAlA jJAtAkA abhiprAya kahalAtA hai / jJAtA pramANake dvArA vastukA rUpa akhaNDabhAvase jAnatA hai, phira use vyavahArameM lAneke liye usameM zabdayojanAke upayukta vibhAga karatA hai / aura eka-eka aMzako jAnanevAle abhiprAyoMkI sRSTi karake unheM vyavahAropayogI zabdoMke dvArA vyavahArameM lAtA hai| kucha nayoMmeM padArthakA prAthamika AdhAra rahanepara bhI Age vaktAkA abhiprAya bhI zAmila hotA hai aura usI abhiprAyake anusAra padArthako dekhanekI ceSTA kI jAtI hai| ataH sabhI nayoMkA yathArtha vastukI sImAmeM hI vicaraNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM raha jaataa| ve abhiprAyaloka aura zabdalokameM bhI yatheccha vicarate hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki pUrNajJAnake dvArA jo vastu jAnI jAtI hai, vaha vyavahAra taka Ate-Ate zabdasaMketa aura abhiprAyase milakara paryApta raMgIna bana jAtI hai / darzana isI prakriyAko eka abhiprAya bhUmivAlI pratipAdana aura dekhanekI zailI hai, jo eka hada taka vastulakSyI hokara bhI vizeSa rUpase abhiprAya arthAt dRSTikoNake
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________________ 36 jainadarzana nirdezAnusAra Age bar3hatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki darzanoMmeM abhiprAya aura dRSTikoNake bhedase asaMkhya bheda ho jAte haiN| isa taraha nayake arthameM bhI darzanakA prayoga eka hada taka ThIka baiThatA hai| __ ina nayoMke tIna vibhAga kiye gaye haiM-jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya / jJAnanaya arthakI cintA nahIM karake saMkalpamAtrako grahaNa karatA hai aura yaha vicAra yA kalpanAlokameM vicaratA hai| arthanayameM saMgrahanayako maryAdAkA prArambha to arthase hotA hai para vaha Age vastuke maulika sattvakI maryAdAko lAMghakara kAlpanika abheda taka jA pahu~catA hai| saMgrahanaya jaba taka eka dravyakI do paryAyoMmeM abhedako viSaya karatA hai yAnI vaha eka dravyagata abhedakI sImAmeM bahatA hai taba taka usako vastusambaddhatA hai / para jaba vaha do dravyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka abhedako viSaya kara Age bar3hatA hai taba usakI vastumUlakatA pichar3a jAtI hai| yadyapi ekakA dUsaremeM sAdRzya bhI vastugata hI hai para usakI sthiti paryAyakI taraha sarvathA paranirapekSa nahIM hai| usakI abhivyaMjanA parasApekSa hotI hai| jaba yaha saMgraha 'para' avasthAmeM pahu~ca kara 'sat' rUpase sakala dravyagata eka abhedako 'sat' isa dRSTikoNase grahaNa karatA hai taba usakI kalpanA carama chora para pahu~ca to jAtI hai, para isameM dravyoMkI maulika sthiti dhuMdhalI par3a jAtI hai| isI bhayase jainAcAryoMne nayake sunaya aura durnaya ye do vibhAga kara diye haiN| jo naya apane abhiprAyako mukhya banAkara bhI nayAntarake abhiprAyakA niSedha nahIM karatA vaha sunaya haiM aura jo nayAntarakA nirAkaraNa kara nirapekSa rAjya karanA cAhatA hai vaha dunaya hai| sunaya sApekSa hotA hai aura durnaya nirapekSa / isIliye sunayake abhiprAyakI daur3a usa sAdRzyamUlaka carama abheda taka ho jAne para bhI, cUMki vaha paramArthasat bhedakA niSedha nahIM karatA, usakI apekSA rakhatA hai, aura usakI vastusthitiko svIkAra karatA haiM, isaliye sunaya kahalAtA hai| kintu jo naya apane hI abhiprAya aura dRSTikoNakI satyatAko vastuke pUrNarUpapara lAdakara apane sAthI anya nayoMkA tiraskAra
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________________ viSaya praveza karatA hai, unase nirapekSa rahatA hai aura unakI vastusthitikA pratiSedha karatA hai vaha 'durnaya' hai; kyoMki vastusthiti aisI haiM hI nhiiN| vastu to guNadharma yA paryAyake rUpameM pratyeka nayake viSayabhUta abhiprAyako vastvaMza mAna lenekI udAratA rakhatI hai aura apane guNaparyAyavAle vAstavika svarUpake sAtha hI anantadharmavAle vyAvahArika svarUpako dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| para ye durnaya usakI isa udAratAkA durupayoga kara mAtra apane kalpita dharmako usapara chA denA cAhate haiN| "satya pAyA jAtA hai, banAyA nahIM jaataa|' pramANa satya vastuko pAtA hai, isaliye cupa hai / para kucha naya usI pramANako aMzagrAhI santAna hokara bhI apanI vAvadUkatAke kAraNa satyako banAnekI ceSTA karate haiM, satyako raMgIna to kara hI dete haiN| jagatke ananta arthoMmeM bacanoMke viSaya honevAle padArtha atyalpa haiN| zabdakI yaha sAmarthya kahA~, jo vaha eka bhI vastuke pUrNa rUpako kaha sake ? kevalajJAna vastuke anantadharmoko jAna bhI le para zabdake dvArA usakA anantabahabhAga avAcya hI rahatA hai| aura jo anantavAMbhAga vAcyakoTimeM hai usakA anantavA bhAga zabdase kahA jAtA hai aura jo zabdoMse kahA jAtA hai vaha saba-kA-saba granthameM nibaddha nahIM ho paataa| arthAt anabhidheya padArtha anantabahubhAga haiM aura zabdake dvArA prajJApanIya padArtha eka bhAga / prajJApanIya eka bhAgameMse bhI zrutanibaddha anantaekabhAga pramANa haiM, arthAt unase aura bhI kama hai| sudarzana aura kudarzana: ataH jaba vastusthitikI anantadharmAtmakatA, zabdakI atyalpa sAmarthya - 1. "paNNavaNijjA bhAvA aNaMtabhAgo du aNabhilappANaM / ___paNNavaNijjANaM puNa aNaMtabhAgo du sudnnivddho||" -go0 jIvakANDa gA0 333 /
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________________ 38 jainadarzana tathA abhiprAyako vividhatAkA vicAra karate haiM to aise darzanase, jo dRSTikoNa yA abhiprAyakI bhUmipara aMkurita huA hai, vastusthiti taka pahu~cane ke lie bar3I sAvadhAnIko AvazyakatA hai / jisa prakAra nayake sunaya aura durna vibhAga, sApekSatA aura nirapekSatAke kAraNa te haiM usI taraha 'darzana' ke bhI sudarzana aura kudarzana ( darzanAbhAsa ) vibhAga hote haiM / jo darzana arthAt dRSTikoNa vastukI sImAko ullaMghana nahIM karake use pAne kI ceSTA karatA hai, banAnekI nahIM, aura dUsare vastusparzI dRSTikoNa - darzanako bhI ucita sthAna detA hai, usakI apekSA rakhatA hai vaha sudarzana hai aura jo darzana kevala bhAvanA aura vizvAsakI bhUmipara khar3A hokara kalpanAlokameM vicaraNa kara vastusImAko lAMghakara bhI vAstavikatAkA daMbha karatA hai, anya vastugrAhI dRSTikoNoMkA tiraskAra kara unakI apekSA nahIM karatA vaha kudarzana hai / darzana apane aise kupUtoMke kAraNa hI mAtra saMdeha aura parIkSAkI koTimeM jA pahu~cA hai / ataH jaina tIrthakaroM aura AcAryAMne isa bAtakI satarkatAse ceSTA kI hai ki koI bhI adhigamakA upAya, cAhe vaha pramANa ( pUrNa jJAna ) ho yA naya ( aMzagrAhI ), satyako pAnekA yatna kare, banAnekA nahIM / vaha maujUda vastukI mAtra vyAkhyA kara sakatA hai / use apanI maryAdAko samajhate rahanA cAhie / vastu to anantaguNa- paryAya aura dharmokA piMr3a hai / use vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse dekhA jA sakatA hai aura usake svarUpakI ora pahu~canekI ceSTA kI jA sakatI hai / isa prakArake yAvat dRSTikoNa aura vastu taka pahu~cane ke samasta prayatna da ena zabdakI sImAmeM Ate haiM / darzana eka divya jyoti : vibhinna dezoM meM Aja taka sahasroM aise jJAnI hue, jinane apane-apane dRSTikoNoMse jagat kI vyAkhyA karanekA prayatna kiyA hai / isIlie darzanakA kSetra suvizAla hai aura aba bhI usameM usI taraha phailanekI guJjAiza
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________________ viSaya praveza 36 hai / kintu jaba yaha darzana matavAdake jaharase viSAkta ho jAtA hai to vaha apanI atyalpa zaktiko bhUlakara mAnavajAtike mArgadarzanakA kArya to kara hI nahIM pAtA, ulaTA use patanakI ora le jA kara hiMsA aura saMgharSakA sraSTA bana jAtA hai / ataH dArzanikoMke hAtha meM yaha vaha prajvalita dIpaka diyA gayA hai, jisase ve cAheM to ajJAna - andhakArako haTAkara jagatmeM prakAzakI jyoti jalA sakate haiM aura cAheM to usase matavAdakI agni prajvalita kara hiMsA aura vinAzakA dRzya upasthita kara sakate haiM / darzanakA itihAsa donoM prakArake udAharaNoMse bharA par3A hai, para usameM jyotike pRSTha kama haiM, vinAzake adhika / hama dRr3ha vizvAsake sAtha yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jainadarzanane jyotike pRSTha jor3anekA hI prayatna kiyA hai| usane darzanAntaroMke samanvayakA mArga nikAlakara unakA apanI jagaha samAdara bhI kiyA hai / AgrahI - matavAdako madirAse bebhAna huA kudArzanika, jahA~ jaisA usakA abhiprAya yA mata bana cukA hai vahA~ yuktikoM khIMcanekI ceSTA karatA hai, para saccA dArzanika jahA~ yukti jAtI hai arthAt jo yuktisiddha ho pAtA hai usake anusAra apanA mata banAtA hai / saMkSepameM sudArzanikakA nArA hotA hai - 'satya so merA' aura kudArzanikakA hallA hotA hai - 'jo merA so satya' / jainadarzanameM samanvayake jitane aura jaise udAharaNa mila sakate haiM, ve anyatra durlabha haiM / bhAratIya dArzanoMkA antima lakSya : bhArata ke samasta darzana cAhe ve vaidika hoM yA avaidika, mokSa arthAt duHkhanivRtti ke lie apanA vicAra prArambha karate haiM / Adhibhautika, AdhyAtmika aura Adhidaivika duHkha pratyeka prANIko nyUnAdhika rUpameM nitya hI anubhavameM Ate haiM / jaba koI santa yA vicAraka ina duHkhoMkI nivRttikA 1. " AgrahI bata ninISati yukti tatra yatra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapotarahitasya tu yuktiryatra tatra matireti nivezam ||" - haribhadra |
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________________ 40 jainadarzana koI mArga batAne kA dAvA karatA hai, to samajhadAra varga use sunane aura samajhane ke lie jAgarUka hotA hai / pratyeka matameM du:khanivRtti ke lie tyAga aura saMyamakA upadeza diyA hai, aura 'tattvajJAnase mukti hotI hai,' isa bAtameM prAyaH sabhI ekamata hai / sAMkhyakArikA' meM "du:khatrayake abhighAtase santapta yaha prANI duHkha-nAzake upAyoMko jAnanekI icchA karatA hai / " jo yaha bhUmikA bAMdhI gaI hai, vahI bhUmikA prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMkI hai / duHkhanivRttike bAda ' svasvarUpasthiti hI mukti hai' isameM bhI kisIko vivAda nahIM hai / ataH mokSa, mokSake kAraNa, duHkha aura duHkhake kAraNoM kI khoja karanA bhAratIya darzanakAra RSiko atyAvazyaka thA / cikitsAzAstrakI pravRtti roga, nidAna, Arogya aura auSadhi isa caturvyUhako lekara hI huI hai / buddha ke tattvajJAnake AdhAra to 'du:kha, samudaya, nirodha aura mArga' ye cAra Aryasatya hI haiM / jaina tattvajJAnameM mumukSuko avazya-jJAtavya jo sAta tattva ginAye hai, unameM bandha, bandhake kAraNa (Asrava), mokSa aura mokSake kAraNa ( saMvara aura nirjarA ) inhIM kA pramukhatA se vistAra kiyA gayA hai / jIva aura ajIvakA jJAna to AsravAdike AvAra jAnanekelie hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki samasta bhAratIya cintanako dizA duHkhanivRtti ke upAya khojane kI ora rahI hai aura nyUnAdhikarUpase sabhI cintakoMne isameM apane-apane DhaMga se saphalatA bhI pAI haiM / tattvajJAna jaba muktike sAdhanake rUpameM pratiSThita huA aura "Rte jJAnAt na muktiH" jaise jIvanasUtroMkA pracAra huA taba tattvajJAnakI prAptikA upAya tathA tattvake svarUpake sambandhameM bhI aneka prakArakI 1. " duHkhatrayAbhighAtAjjijJAsA tadapaghAtake hetau / " - sAMkhyakA0 1 / 2. "satyAnyuktAni catvAri duHkhaM samudayastathA / nirodho mArga eteSAM yathAbhisamayaM krama : " - abhidharmako 62 / dharmasaM0 605 / 3. "jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / " - tattvArthasUtra 1 / 4 /
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________________ 41 viSaya praveza jijJAsAe~ aura mImAMsAeM calIM / vaizeSikoMne jJeyakA 'SaT padArthake rUpameM vibhAjana kara unakA tattvajJAna upAsanIya batAyA to naiyAyikoMne pramANa, prameya Adi solaha padArthoke tattvajJAnapara jora diyaa| sAMkhyoMne prakRti aura puruSake tattvajJAnase mukti batAI, to bauddhoMne muktike lie nairAtmyajJAna Avazyaka smjhaa| vedAntameM brahmajJAnase mukti hotI hai, to jainadarzanameM sAta tattvoMkA samyagjJAna mokSakI kAraNasAmagrImeM ginAyA gayA hai| ___ pazcimI darzanoMkA udgama kevala kautuka aura Azcaryase hotA hai, aura usakA phailAva dimAgI vyAyAma aura buddhiraMjana taka hI sImita hai / kautukako zAnti honeke vAda yA usakI apane DhaMgakI vyAkhyA kara reneke bAda pAzcAtya darzanoMkA koI anya mahAn uddezya avaziSTa nahIM raha jaataa| bhAratavarSakI bhaugolika paristhitike kAraNa yahA~kI prakRti dhana-dhAnya Adise pUrNa samRddha rahI hai, aura sAdA jIvana, tyAga aura AdhyAtmikatAko sugandha yahA~ke janajIvanameM vyApta rahI hai| isIlie yahA~ prAgaitihAsika kAlase hI "maiM aura vizva" ke sambandhameM aneka prakArase cintana cAla rahe haiM, aura Aja taka unakI dhArAe~ avicchinna rUpase pravAhita haiN| pAzcAtya darzanoMkA udgama vikrama pUrva sAtavIM zatAbdIke AsapAsa prAcIna yUnAna meM huA thaa| isI samaya bhAratavarSameM upaniSatkA tattvajJAna tathA zramaNaparamparAkA AtmajJAna vikasita thaa| mahAvIra aura - 1. "dharmavizeSaprasUtAt dravyaguNakarmasAmAnyavizeSasamavAyAnAM padArthAnAM sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM tattvajJAnAnniHzreyasam |"-vaishe0 sU0 111 / 4 / 2. "pramANa-prameya-saMzaya-prayojana-dRSTAnta-siddhAnta-avayava-tarka-nirNaya-vAda-jalpa-vitaNDAhetvAbhAsa-chala-jAti-nigrahasthAnAnAM tattvajJAnAnniHzreyasAdhigatiH / " -nyAyasUtra 111 / 1 / 3. sAMkhyakA0 64 / 4. "hetuvirodhinairAtmyadarzanaM tasya bAdhakam |"-prmaannvaa0 11138 /
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________________ jainadarzana buddhake samaya yahA~ makkhaligozAla; prakrudha kAtyAyana, pUrNa kazyapa, ajita keza kambali aura saMjaya velaTThiputta jaise aneka tapasvI apanI-apanI vicAradhArAkA pracAra karanevAle maujUda the| yahA~ke darzanakAra prAyaH tyAgI, tapasvI aura RSi hI rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki janatAne unake upadezoMko dhyAnase sunA / sAdhAraNatayA usa samayako janatA kucha camatkAroMse bhI prabhAvita hotI thI, aura jisa tapasvIne thor3A bhI bhUta aura bhaviSyakI bAtoMkA patA batAyA vaha to yahA~ Izvarake avatArake rUpameM bhI pujA / bhAratavarSa sadAse vicAra aura AcArakI urvara bhUmi rahA hai| yahA~ko vicAra-dizA bhI AdhyAtmikatAkI ora rahI hai / brahmajJAnako prAptike lie yahA~ke sAdhaka apanA ghara-dvAra chor3akara aneka prakArake kaSTa sahate hue, kRcchra sAdhanAe~ karate rahe haiN| jJAnIkA sanmAna karanA yahA~kI prakRtimeM hai| do vicAra-dhArAe~: isa taraha eka dhArA tattvajJAna aura vicArako mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa mAnatI thIM aura vairAgya Adiko usa tattvajJAnakA poSaka / binA viSayanivRttirUpa vairAgyake yathArtha jJAnako prApti durlabha hai aura jJAna prApta ho jAnepara usI jJAnAgnise samasta karmokA kSaya ho jAtA hai / zramaNadhArAkA sAdhya tattvajJAna nahIM, cAritra thaa| isa dhArAmeM vaha tattvajJAna kisI kAmakA nahIM, jo apane jIvanameM anAsaktikI sRSTi na kare / isIlie isa paramparAmeM mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa tattvajJAnase paripuSTa cAritra batAyA gayA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki cAhe vairAgya Adike dvArA puSTa tattvajJAna yA tattvajJAnase samRddha cAritra donoM hI pakSa tattvajJAnakI anivArya AvazyakatA samajhate hI the| koI bhI dharma tabataka janatAmeM sthAyI AdhAra nahIM pA sakatA thA jabataka ki usakA apanA tattvajJAna na ho| pazcimameM IsAI dharmakA prabhu Izuke nAmase itanA vyApaka pracAra hote hue bhI tattva
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________________ 43 viSaya praveza jJAnake abhAvameM vaha vahA~ke vaijJAnikoM aura prabuddha prajAko jijJAsAko parituSTa nahIM kara skaa| bhAratIya dharmoMkA apanA darzana avazya rahA hai aura usI sunizcita tattvajJAnako dhArApara una-una dharmokI apanI-apanI AcAra-paddhati banI hai / darzanake binA dharma eka sAmAnya naitika niyamoMke sivA koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM rakhatA aura dharmake binA darzana bhI korA vAgjAla hI sAbita hotA hai| isa taraha sAmAnyatayA bhAratIya dharmoko apane-apane tattvajJAnake pracAra aura prasArake lie apanA-apanA darzana nitAnta apekSaNIya rahA hai| "jainadarzana' kA vikAsa mAtra tattvajJAnako bhUmipara na hokara AcArako bhUmipara huA hai / jIvana-zodhanakI vyaktigata mukti-prakriyA aura samAja tathA vizvameM zAnti-sthApanakI lokeSaNAkA mUlamaMtra "ahiMsA" hI hai| ahiMsAkA nirapavAda aura nirupAdhi pracAra samasta prANiyoMke jIvanako Atmasama samajhe binA ho nahIM sakatA thaa| "jaha mama Na piyaM dukhaM jANihi emeva savvajIvANaM" [AcArAMga] yAnI jaise mujhe duHkha acchA nahIM lagatA usI taraha saMsArake samasta prANiyoMko smjho| yaha karuNApUrNa vANI ahiMsaka mastiSkase nahIM, hRdayase nikalatI hai| zramaNadhArAkA sArA tattvajJAna yA darzanavistAra jIvanazodhana aura cAritravRddhike lie huA hai| hama pahale batA Aye hai ki vaidikaparamparAmeM tattvajJAnako muktikA sAdhana mAnA hai, jaba ki zramaNadhArAmeM cAritrako / vaidikaparamparA vairAgya Adise jJAnako puSTa karatI hai, aura vicArazuddhi karake mokSa mAna letI hai, jaba ki zramaNaparamparA kahatI hai, usa jJAna yA vicArakA koI vizeSa mUlya nahIM jo jIvanameM na utare, jisakI suvAsase jIvana suvAsita na ho| korA jJAna yA vicAra dimAgI kasaratase adhika kucha bhI mahattva nahIM rakhatA / jainaparamparAmeM tattvArthasUtrakA Adi sUtra hai "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH||"-tttvaarthsuutr 11 /
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________________ 44 jainadarzana isameM mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa cAritra hai, aura samyagdarzana tathA samyagjJAna usa cAritrake paripoSaka / bauddhaparamparAkA aSTAMga' mArga bhI cAritrakA hI vistAra hai / tAtparya yaha ki zramaNadhArAmeM jJAnako apekSA cAritrakA hI antima mahattva rahA hai, aura pratyeka vicAra yA jJAnakA upayoga cAritra arthAt Atmazodhana yA jIvanameM sAmaJjasya sthApita karaneke lie kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa-santoMne tapa aura sAdhanAke dvArA vItarAgatA prApta kI thI aura usI parama vItarAgatA, samatA yA ahiMsAkI pUta jyotiko vizvameM prasArita karaneke lie samasta tattvoMkA sAkSAtkara kiyaa| inakA sAdhya vicAra nahIM, AcAra thA; jJAna nahIM, cAritra thA; vAgvilAsa yA zAstrArtha nahIM, jIvana-zuddhi aura saMvAda thaa| ahiMsAkA antima artha hai-jIvamAtrameM cAhe vaha sthAvara ho yA jaMgama, pazu ho yA manuSya, brAhmaNa ho yA zUdra, gorA ho yA kAlA, etat dezIya ho yA videzI, ina deza, kAla aura zarIrAkArake AvaraNoMse pare hokara samatva darzana krnaa| pratyeka jIva svarUpase caitanya-zaktikA akhaNDa zAzvata AdhAra hai / vaha karmavAsanAke kAraNa bhale hI vRkSa, kIr3A, makor3A, pazu yA manuSya, kisIke bhI zarIroMko kyoM na dhAraNa kare, para usake caitanya-svarUpakA eka bhI aMza naSTa nahIM hotA, karmavAsanAoMse vikRta bhale hI ho jaay| isI taraha manuSya apane deza-kAla Adi nimittoMse gore yA kAle kisI bhI zarIrako dhAraNa kiye ho, apanI vRtti yA karmake anusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra kisI bhI zreNImeM usakI gaNanA vyavahArataH kI jAtI ho, kisI bhI dezameM utpanna huA ho, kisI bhI saMtakA upAsaka ho, vaha ina vyAvahArika nimittoMse nisargataH U~ca yA nIca nahIM ho sakatA / mAnavamAtrakI mUlataH samAna sthiti hai / Atmasamatva, vItarAgatva 1. samyakdRSTi, samyaksaMkalpa, samyakvacana, samyakkarmAnta, samyak AjIva, samyak vyAyAma, samyak smRti aura samyak samAdhi /
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________________ viSaya praveza yA ahiMsAke vikAsase hI koI mahAn ho sakatA hai; na ki jagatmeM bhayaMkara viSamatAkA sarjana karanevAle hiMsA aura saMgharSake mUla kAraNa parigrahake sNgrhse| yuga-darzana ? yadyapi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahisA yA dayAkI sAdhanAke lie tattvajJAnakI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? manuSya kisI bhI vicArakA kyoM na ho, paraspara sadvyavahAra, sadbhAvanA aura maitrI use samAja-vyavasthAke lie karanI cAhie / parantu jarA gaharAIse vicAra karanepara yaha anivArya evaM Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki hama vizva aura vizvAntargata prANiyoMke svarUpa aura unakI adhikAra-sthitikA tAttvika darzana kreN| binA isa tattvadarzanake hamArI maitrI kAmacalAU aura kevala tatkAlIna svArthako sAdhanevAlI sAbita ho sakatI hai| ___ loga yaha sastA tarka karate hai ki-'koI Izvarako mAno yA na mAno, isase kyA banatA bigar3atA hai ? hameM paraspara premase rahanA cAhiye / ' lekina bhAI, jaba eka varga usa Izvarake nAmase yaha pracAra karatA ho kiIzvarane mukhase brAhmaNako, bAhuse kSatriyako, udarase vaizyako aura pairoMse zUdrako utpanna kiyA hai aura unhe bhinna-bhinna adhikAra aura saMrakSaNa dekara isa jagatmeM bhejA hai| dUsarI ora Izvarake nAmapara gorI jAtiyA~ yaha phatavA de rahI hoM ki-Izvarane unheM zAsaka honeke lie tathA anya kAlI-pIlI jAtiyoMko sabhya banAneke lie pRthvIpara bhejA hai| ataH gorI jAtiko zAsana karanekA janmasiddha adhikAra hai, aura kAlI-pIlI jAtiyoMko unakA gulAma rahanA caahiye| isa prakArako vargasvArthakI ghoSaNAe~ jaba IzvaravAdake AvaraNameM pracArita kI jAtI hoM, 1. "brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsod bAhU rAjanyaH kRtaH / UrU tadvasya yadvaizyaH padbhyAM zUdro'jAyata ||"-Rgved 10 / 90 / 12 /
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________________ jainadarzana taba paraspara ahiMsA aura maitrIkA tAttvika mUlya kyA ho sakatA hai ? ataH isa prakArake avAstavika kusaMskAroMse mukti pAneke lie yaha zazakavRtti ki 'hameM kyA karanA hai ? koI kaise hI vicAra rakheM AtmaghAtinI hI siddha hogii| hameM Izvarake nAmapara calanevAle vargasvArthiyoMke una nAroMkI bhI parIkSA karanI hI hogI tathA svayaM Izvarako bhI, ki kyA isa ananta vizvakA niyantraka koI karuNAmaya mahAprabhu hI hai ? aura yadi hai, to kyA usakI karuNAkA yahI rUpa hai ? hara hAlatameM hameM apanA spaSTa darzana vyaktikI mukti aura vizvakI zAntike lie banAnA hI hogaa| isIlie mahAvIra aura buddha jaise krAntidarzI kSatriyakumAroMne apanI vaMzaparamparAse prApta usa pApamaya rAjyavibhUtiko lAta mArakara prANimAtrakI mahAmaitrIkI sAdhanAke liye jaMgalakA rAstA liyA thaa| samasyAoMke mUlakAraNoMkI khoja kiye binA UparI malahamapaTTI tAtkAlika zAnti bhale hI de de, kintu yaha zAnti Age AnevAle visphoTaka tUphAnakA prAgarUpa hI siddha ho sakatI hai| __ jagatkI jItI-jAgatI samasyAoMkA samAdhAna yaha maulika apekSA rakhatA hai ki vizvake cara-acara padArthoMke svarUpa, adhikAra aura paraspara sambandhoMkI tathya aura satya vyAkhyA ho / saMskRtiyoMke itihAsakI niSpakSa mImAMsA hameM isa natIje para pahu~cAtI hai ki vibhinna saMskRtiyoMke utthAna aura patanakI kahAnI apane pIche vargasvArthiyoMke jhUThe aura khokhale tattvajJAnake bhISaNa SaDyantrako chupAye hue haiN| pazcimakA itihAsa eka hI IsAke putroMkI mArakATakI kAlI kitAba hai| bhAratavarSameM koTi-koTi mAnavoMko vaMzAnugata dAsatA aura pazuoMse bhI badatara jIvana bitAneke lie bAdhya kiyA jAnA bhI, Akhira usI dayAlu Izvarake nAmapara hI to huaa| ataH prANimAtrake uddhArake lie kRtasaMkalpa ina zramaNasantoMne jahA~ cAritrako mokSakA antima aura sAkSAt kAraNa mAnA vahA~ saMgharacanA, vizvazAnti aura samAja-vyavasthAke lie, usa ahiMsAke AdhAra
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________________ viSaya praveza bhUta tattvajJAnako khojanekA bhI gambhIra aura talasparzI prayatna kiyaa| unhoMne vargasvArthake poSaNake liye cAroM taraphase simaTakara eka kaThora zikaMjemeM DhalanevAlI kutsita vicAradhArAko rokakara kahA-Thaharo, jarA isa kalpita zikaMjeke sAMcese nikalakara svataMtra vicaro, aura dekho ki jagatakA hita kisame hai ? kyA jagatakA svarUpa yahI hai ? kyA jIvanakA uccatama lakSya yahI ho sakatA hai ? aura isI eka rokane sadiyoMkI jar3IbhUta vicAradhArAko jhakajhorakara jagA diyA, aura use mAnavakalyANakI dizAmeM tathA jagatake viparivartanamAna svatantra svarUpakI ora mor3a diyA / yaha darzana aura saMskRtika parivartanakA yuga thA / vihArakI pavitra bhUmipara bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ina do yugadarziyoMne mAnavako dRSTi bhogase yogakI aura tathA vargasvArthase prANimAtrake kalyANakI ora pherI / usa yugameM jisa tattvajJAna aura darzanakA nirmANa huA, vaha Ajake yugameM bhI usI taraha Avazyaka upayogI banA huA hai|
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________________ 3. bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena mAnasa ahiMsA arthAt anekAntadRSTi : bhagavAn mahAvIra eka parama ahiMsaka tIrthakara the / mana, vacana, aura kAya trividha ahiMsAkI paripUrNa sAdhanA, khAsakara mAnasika ahiMsAkI sthAyI pratiSThA, vastusvarUpake yathArtha darzanake binA honA azakya thii| hama bhale hI zarIrase dUsare prANiyoMkI hiMsA na kareM, para yadi vacana-vyavahAra aura cittagatta vicAra viSama aura visaMvAdI haiM, to kAyika ahiMsAkA pAlana bhI kaThina hai / apane manake vicAra arthAt matako puSTa karaneke lie U~ca-nIca zabda avazya bole jAyeMge, phalataH hAthA-pAIkA avasara Aye binA na rahegA / bhAratIya zAstrArthoMkA itihAsa isa prakArake aneka hiMsAkANDoMke raktaraMjita pannoMse bharA huA hai, ataH yaha Avazyaka thA ki ahiMsAkI sarvAGgINa pratiSThAke lie vizvakA yathArtha tattvajJAna ho aura vicArazuddhimUlaka vacanazuddhikI jIvanavyavahArameM pratiSTA ho| yaha sambhava hI nahIM hai ki eka hI vastuke viSayameM do paraspara virodhI matavAda calate rahe, apane pakSake samarthanake liye ucita-anucita zAstrArtha hote raheM, pakSa-pratipakSoMkA saMgaThana ho tathA zAstrArthameM hAranevAloMko telakI jalatI kar3AhImeM jIvita tala dene jaisI hiMsaka hor3eM bhI lageM, phira bhI paraspara ahiMsA banI rheN| unhoMne dekhA ki Aja sArA rAjakAraNa dharma aura matavAdiyoMke hAthameM hai| jaba taka ina matavAdoMkA vastusthitike AdhArase yathArthadarzanapUrvaka samanvaya na hogA, taba taka hiMsA aura saMgharSako jar3a nahIM kaTa sktii| unane vizvake tattvoMkA sAkSAtkAra kiyA aura batAyA ki 'vizvakA pratyeka cetana aura jar3a tattva ananta dharmokA bhaNDAra hai| usake virAT svarUpako sAdhAraNa mAnava pUrNarUpameM nahIM jAna sktaa| usakA kSudra jJAna vastuke eka-eka aMzako jAnakara apanemeM pUrNatAkA durabhimAna kara baiThA hai|' vivAda vastumeM
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________________ bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena nahIM hai, vivAda to dekhanevAloMkI dRSTimeM hai| kAza, ye vastuke virATa anantadharmAtmaka yA anekAntAtmaka svarUpakI jhAMkI pA sakate ! unane isa anekAntAtmaka tattvajJAnakI ora matavAdiyoMkA dhyAna khIMcA aura batAyA ki-dekho pratyeka vastu, anantaguNaparyAya aura dharmokA akhaNDa piNDa hai| yaha apanI anAdi-ananta santAna-sthitikI dRSTise nitya hai / kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA jaba vizvake raMgamaJcase eka kaNakA bhI samUla vinAza ho jAya yA unakI santati sarvathA ucchinna ho jAya / sAtha hI usakI paryAyeM pratikSaNa badala rahI hai| usake guNa dharmomeM bhI sadRza yA visadRza parivartana ho rahA hai| ataH vaha anitya bhI hai| isI taraha anantaguNa, zakti, paryAya aura dharma pratyeka vastukI nijI sampatti hai / hamArA svalpa jJAnalava inamese eka-eka aMzako viSaya karake kSudra matavAdoMkI sRSTi kara rahA hai| AtmAko nitya siddha karanevAloMkA pakSa apanI sArI zakti anityavAdiyoMkI ukhAr3a-pachAr3ameM lagA rahA hai to anityavAdiyoMkA guTa nityapakSavAloMko bhalA-burA kaha rahA hai| bha0 mahAvIrako ina matavAdiyoMkI buddhi aura pravRttipara tarasa AtA thaa| ve buddhakI taraha AtmAke nityatva aura anityatva, paraloka aura nirvANa Adiko avyAkRta kahakara bauddhika nirAzakI sRSTi nahIM karanA cAhate the| unane una sabhI nattvoMkA yathArtha svarUpa batAkara ziSyoMko prakAzame lA, unheM mAnasa-samatAkI bhUmipara khar3A kara diyaa| unane batAyA ki vastuko tuma jisa dRSTikoNase dekha rahe ho, vastu utanI hI nahIM hai| usameM aise ananta dRSTikoNoMse dekhe jAnekI kSamatA hai| usakA virAT svarUpa anantadharmAtmaka hai / tumhe jo dRSTikoNa virodhI mAlUma hotA hai, usakA ImAnadArIse vicAra karo, to usakA viSayabhUta dharma bhI vastumeM vidyamAna hai| cittase pakSapAtakI durabhisaMdhi nikAlo aura dUsareke dRSTikoNake viSayako bhI sahiSNutApUrvaka khojo, vaha bhI vahIM laharA rahA hai| hA~, vastukI sImA aura maryAdAkA ullaMghana nahIM honA caahie| tuma cAho ki jar3ameM
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________________ jainadazana cetanatva khojA jAya yA cetanameM jar3atva, to vaha nahIM mila sakatA; kyoMki pratyeka padArthake apane-apane nijI dharma sunizcata hai / vastu sarvadharmAtmaka nahIM: vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai na ki sarvadharmAtmaka / anantadharmomeM cetanake sambhava anantadharma cetanameM mileMge aura acetanagata anantadharma acetnmeN| cetanake guNadharma acetanameM nahIM pAye jA sakate aura na acetanake cetanameM / hAM, kucha aise sAdRzyamUlaka vastutva Adi sAmAnyadharma bhI hai jo cetana aura acetana sabhI dravyoMme pAye jA sakate hai, parantu sabako sattA judI-judI hai / tAtparya yaha ki vastu bahuta bar3I hai / vaha itanI virAT hai ki hamAre-tumhAre anantadRSTikoNoMse dekhI aura jAnI jA sakatI hai / eka kSudra dRSTikA Agraha karake dUsarekI dRSTikA tiraskAra karanA yA apanI dRSTikA ahaMkAra karanA vastu-svarUpakI nAsamajhIkA pariNAma hai| isa taraha mAnasa samatAke lie isa prakArakA vastusthitimUlaka anekAnta-tattvajJAna atyAvazyaka hai / isake dvArA isa manuSyatanadhArIko jJAta ho sakegA ki vaha kitane pAnImeM hai, usakA jJAna kitanA svalpa hai aura vaha kisa taraha durabhimAnase hiMsaka matavAdakA sRjana karake mAnava samAjakA ahita kara rahA hai / isa mAnasa ahiMsAtmaka anekAntadarzanase vicAroM yA dRSTikoNoMme kAmacalAU samanvaya yA DhIlA-DhAlA samajhautA nahIM hotA, kintu vastusvarUpake AdhArase yathArtha tattvajJAna-mUlaka samanvayadRSTi prApta hotI hai / anekAntadRSTikA vAstavika kSetra : isa taraha anekAntadarzana vastukI anantadharmAtmakatA mAnakara kevala kalpanAkI ur3Anako aura usase phalita honevAle kalpita dharmoko vastugata mAnanekI himAkata nahIM krtaa| vaha kabhI bhI vastukI sImAko nahIM lAMghanA caahtaa| vastu to apane sthAnapara virAT rUpameM pratiSTita hai /
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________________ bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanako dena 51 hameM paraspara virodhI mAlUma honevAle bhI anantadharma usameM aviruddha bhAvase vidyamAna haiM / apanI saMkucita virodhayukta dRSTike kAraNa hama usakI yathArtha sthitiko nahIM samajha pA rahe haiN| jainadarzana vAstavabahutvavAdI hai| vaha do pRthaksattAka vastuoMko vyavahArake lie kalpanAse eka kaha bhI de, para vastukI nijI maryAdAko nahIM lAMghanA caahtaa| eka vastukA apane guNa- paryAyoMse vAstavika abheda to ho sakatA hai, para do vyaktiyoMmeM vAstavika abheda sambhava nahIM hai| isako yaha vizeSatA hai, jo yaha paramArthasat vastuko paridhiko na lAMghakara usakI sImAmeM hI vicaraNa karatA hai, aura manuSyoMko kalpanAkI ur3Anase viratakara vastukI ora dekhaneko bAdhya karatA hai| yadyapi jainadarzanameM 'saMgrahanaya' kI eka dRSTise carama abhedakI bhI kalpanA kI jAtI hai aura kahA jAtA hai ki "sarvamekaM sadvizeSAt" [ tattvArthabhA0 1135 ] arthAt jagat eka hai, sadrUpase cetana aura acetanameM koI bheda nahIM hai| kintu yaha eka kalpanA hai| koI eka aisA vAstavika sat nahIM hai, jo pratyeka maulika dravyameM anugata rahatA ho| ataH jainadarzana vastusthitike bAharakI kalpanAko ur3Anako jisa prakAra asat kahatA hai, usI taraha vastuke eka dharmake darzanameM hI vastuke sampUrNarUpake abhimAnako bhI vighAtaka mAnatA hai| ina jJAnalavadhAriyoMko udAradRSTi denevAle tathA vastukI yathArtha jhA~kI dikhAnevAle anekAntadarzanane vAstavika vicArakI antima rekhA khIMcI hai aura yaha saba huA hai, mAnasa samatAmUlaka tattvajJAnako khojse| mAnasa samatAkA pratIka : isa taraha jaba vastusthiti hI anekAntamayI yA anantadharmAtmikA hai, taba manuSya sahaja hI yaha socane lagatA hai ki dUsarA vAdI jo kaha rahA hai, usakI sahAnubhUtise samIkSA honI cAhie, aura usakA vastusthitimUlaka samIkaraNa honA cAhie / isa svIyasvalpatA aura vastukI ananta
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________________ jainadarzana dharmAtmakatAke vAtAvaraNase nirarthaka kalpanAoMkA jAla TUTegA aura ahaMkArakA vinAza hokara mAnasa samatAkI sRSTi hogI, jo ki ahiMsAkI saMjIvanI vela hai / mAnasa samatAke lie 'anekAntadarzana' ho ekamAtra sthira AdhAra ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra jaba 'anekAntadarzana' se vicArazuddhi ho jAtI hai, taba svabhAvataH vANIme namratA aura parasamanvayakI vRtti utpanna hotI hai / vaha vastusthitikA ullaMghana karanevAle kisI bhI zabdakA prayoga hI nahIM kara sktaa| isIlie jainAcAryone vastuko anekadharmAtmakatAkA dyotana karaneke lie 'syAt' zabdake prayogakI AvazyakatA batAI hai| zabdome yaha sAmarthya nahIM hai ki vaha vastuke pUrNarUpako yugapat kaha sake / vaha eka samayame eka hI dharmako kaha sakatA hai / ataH usI samaya vastume vidyamAna zeSa dharmokA sUcana karaneke lie 'syAt' kA artha sunizcita dRSTikoNa yA nirNIta apekSA hai; na ki zAyada, sambhava, yA kadAcit Adi / 'syAdasti' kA vAcyArtha hai-svarUpAdikI apekSA vastu hai hI, na ki zAyada hai, sambhava hai, kadAcit hai, aadi| maMkSepataH jahA~ anekAntadarzana cittame mAdhyasthyabhAva, vItarAgatA aura niSpakSatAkA udaya karatA hai vahA~ syAdvAda vANIme nirdoSatA AnekA pUrA-pUrA avasara detA hai / syAdvAda eka nirdoSa bhASA-zailI : isa prakAra ahiMsAkI paripUrNatA aura sthAyitvako preraNAne mAnasazuddhike lie 'anekAntadarzana' aura vacanazuddhike lie 'syAdvAda' jaisI nidhiyoMko bhAratIya darzanake koSAgArame diyA hai / bolate samaya vaktAko sadA yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki vaha jo bola rahA hai, utanI hI vastu nahIM hai / zabda usake pUrNarUpa taka pahu~ca hI nahIM sakate / isI bhAvako jatAneke lie vaktA 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga karatA hai / 'syAt' zabda viiilagame niSpanna hotA hai / vaha apane vaktavyako nizcitarUpame upasthita karatA hai; na ki saMzayarUpame / jaina tIrthaGkaroMne isa prakAra sarvAMgINa ahiM
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________________ bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena sAko sAdhanAkA vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM prakArakA pratyakSAnubhUta mArga btaayaa| unane padArthoke svarUpakA yathArtha nirUpaNa to kiyA hI, sAtha hI padArthoke dekhanekA, unake jJAna karanekA aura unake svarUpako vacanase kahanekA rAstA bhI dikhaayaa| isa ahiMsaka dRSTise yadi bhAratIya darzanakArone vastukA nirIkSaNa kiyA hotA, to bhAratIya jalpakathAkA itihAsa itanA raktaraMjita na huA hotA; aura dharma tathA darzanake nAmapara mAnavatAkA nirdalana nahI hotaa| para ahaMkAra aura zAsanako bhAvanA mAnavako dAnava banA detI hai; aura usapara mata aura dharmakA 'aham' to atidunivAra hotA hai| yuga-yugame aise hI dAnavako mAnava banAneke lie ahiMsaka santa isI samanvayadRSTikA, isI samatAbhAvakA aura isI sarvAGgINa ahiMsAkA upadeza dete Aye hai| yaha jainadarzanako hI vizeSatA hai, jo vaha ahiMsAkI taha taka pahu~caneke lie kevala dhArmika upadeza taka hI sImita nahIM rahA, api tu vAstavika AdhArase matavAdoMkI gutthiyoMko sulajhAneko maulika dRSTi bhI khoja skaa| usane na kevala dRSTi hI khojI, kintu mana, vacana aura kAya ina tInoM dvArose honevAlI hiMsAko rokanekA prazastatama mArga bhI upasthita kiyaa| ahiMsAkA AdhArabhUta tattvajJAna anekAntadarzana : ___ vyaktiko muktike liye yA cittazuddhi aura vItarAgatA prApta karaneke lie ahiMsAkI aikAntika cAritragata sAdhanA upayukta ho sakatI hai, kintu saMgharacanA aura samAjame uma ahiMsAkI upayogitA siddha karaneke lie usake tattvajJAnakI khoja na kevala upayogI hI hai, kintu Avazyaka bhI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrake saMghame jo sarvaprathama indrabhUti Adi gyAraha brAhmaNa vidvAn dIkSita hue the, ve AtmAko nitya mAnate the| udhara ajitakezakambalikA ucchedavAda bhI pracalita thaa| upaniSadoMke ullekhoMke anusAra 1. "eka sad viprA bahudhA vadanti / " -Rgveda 1416 4 / 46 /
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________________ 54 jainadarzana vizva sat hai yA asat, ubhaya hai yA anubhaya, isa prakArakI vicAradhArAe~ usa samayake vAtAvaraNameM apane-apane rUpameM pravAhita thiiN| mahAvIrake vItarAga karuNAmaya zAnta svarUpako dekhakara jo bhavyajana unake dharmameM dIkSita hote the, una pacamela ziSyoMkI vividha jijJAsAoMkA vAstavika samAdhAna yadi nahIM kiyA jAtA to unameM paraspara svamata puSTike lie vAdavivAda calate aura saMghabheda hue binA nahIM rhtaa| cittazuddhi aura vicAroMke samIkaraNake lie yaha nitAnta Avazyaka thA ki vastusvarUpakA yathArtha nirUpaNa ho / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane vItarAgatA aura ahiMsAke upadezase pArasparika bAhya vyavahArazuddhi karake hI apane kartavyako samApta nahIM kiyA; kintu ziSyoM ke cittameM ahaMkAra aura hiMsAko bar3hAnevAle ina sUkSma matavAdoMkI jo jar3eM baddhamUla thIM, unheM ukhAr3anekA Antarika Thosa prayatna kiyaa| vaha prayatna thA vastuke virAT svarUpakA yathArtha darzana / vastu yadi apane maulika anAdiananta asaMkara pravAhako dRSTise nitya hai, to pratikSaNa parivartamAna paryAyoMko dRSTise anitya bhii| dravyako dRSTise satse hI sat utpanna hotA hai, to paryAyako dRSTise asatse sat / isa taraha jagatke yAvat padArthoMko utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyarUpa pariNAmI aura anantadharmAtmaka batAkara unhoMne ziSyoMkI na kevala bAhya parigrahakI hI gA~Tha kholI, kintu antaraMga hRdayagranthiko bhI kholakara unheM antara-bAhya sarvathA nirgrantha banAyA thaa| vicArakI carama rekhAH yaha anekAntadarzana vastutaH vicAravikAsako carama rekhA hai| carama rekhAse merA tAtparya yaha hai ki do viruddha bAtoMmeM zuSka tarkajanya kalpanA "sadeva saumyedamagra AsIt ekamevAdvitIyam / tabaika Ahurasadevedamagra AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / ... tasmAdasataH sjjaayt|' -chAndo0 6 / 2 /
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________________ bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena oMkA vistAra taba taka barAbara hotA jAyagA, jaba taka ki unakA koI vastusparzI samAdhAna na nikala aave| anekAntadRSTi vastuke usI svarUpakA darzana karAtI hai; jahA~ vicAra samApta ho jAte hai| jaba taka vastusthiti spaSTa nahIM hotI, tabhI taka vivAda calate hai / agni ThaMDI hai yA garama, isa vivAdakI samApti agniko hAthase chU lenepara jaise ho jAtI hai, usI taraha eka-eka dRSTikoNase calanevAle vivAda anekAntAtmaka vastudarzanake bAda apane Apa samApta ho jAte hai| svataHsiddha nyAyAdhIza hama anekAntadarzanako nyAyAdhIzake padapara anAyAsa hI baiThA sakate hai / pratyeka pakSake vakIloM dvArA apane pakSake samarthanake lie saMkalita dalIloMkI phAilakI taraha nyAyAdhIzakA phaisalA bhale hI AkArameM bar3A na ho, para usame vastusparza, vyAvahArikatA, sUkSmatA aura niSpakSapAtitA avazya hotI hai / usI taraha ekAntake samarthaname prayukta dalIloMke bhaMDArabhUta ekAntavAdI darzanoMko taraha jainadarzanameM vikalpa yA kalpanAoMkA carama vikAsa na ho, para usakI vastusparzitA, vyAvahArikatA, samatAvRtti evaM ahiMsAdhAritAmeM to saMdeha kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryone vastusthitike AdhArase pratyeka darzanake dRSTikoNake samanvayakI pavitra ceSTA kI hai aura hara darzanake sAtha nyAya kiyA hai / yaha vRtti ahiMsAhRdayIke susaMskRta mastiSkakI upaja hai| yaha ahiMsAsvarUpA bhanekAntadRSTi hI jainadarzanake bhavya prAsAdakA madhya stambha hai / isIse jainadarzanakI prANapratiSThA hai| bhAratIya darzana sacamuca isa atula satyako pAye binA apUrNa rhtaa| jainadarzanane isa anekAntadRSTike AdhArase banI huI mahattvapUrNa grantharAzi dekara bhAratIya darzanazAstrake koSAgArame apanI Thosa aura paryApta pU~jI jamA kI hai| yugapradhAna A0 samantabhadra, siddhasena Adi dArzanikoMne isI dRSTike puNya prakAzame sat-asat, nitya-anitya,
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________________ jainadarzana bheda-abheda, puNya-pApa, advaita-dvaita, bhAgya-puruSArtha, Adi vividha vAdoMkA samanvaya kiyA hai / madhyakAlIna A0 akalaMka, haribhadra Adi tAkikoMne aMzataH parapakSakA khaNDana karake bhI usI dRSTiko praur3ha kiyA hai / vAcanika ahiMsA syAdvAda : ___ mAnasazuddhike lie vicAroMkI dizAmeM samanvayazIlatA lAnevAlI anekAntadRSTike A jAnepara bhI yadi tadanusAriNI bhASAzailI nahIM banAI to usakA sArvajanika upayoga honA asambhava thaa| ataH anekAntadarzanako ThIka-ThIka pratipAdana karane vAlI 'syAdvAda' nAmakI bhASAzailIkA AviSkAra usI ahiMsAke vAcanika vikAsake rUpameM huaa| jaba vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai aura usako jAnanevAlI dRSTi anekAntadRSTi hai taba vastuke sarvathA eka aMzakA nirUpaNa karanevAlI nirdhAriNo bhASA vastukA yathArtha pratipAdana karanevAlI nahIM ho sakatI / jaise yaha kalama lambI-caur3I, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, halkI, bhArI Adi aneka dharmoMkA yugapata AdhAra hai / aba yadi zabdase yaha kahA jAya ki yaha kalama 'lambI ho hai' to zeSa dharmoMkA lopa isa vAkyase phalita hotA hai, jaba ki usameM usI samaya ananta dharma vidyamAna haiM / na kevala isI taraha, kintu jisa samaya kalama amuka apekSAse lambI hai, usI samaya anya apekSAse lambI nahIM bhI hai| pratyeka dharmakI abhivyakti sApekSa honese usakA virodhI dharma usa vastumeM pAyA ho jAtA hai / ataH vivakSita dharmavAcI zabdake prayogakAlameM hameM anya avivakSita azeSa dharmake astitvako sUcana karanevAle 'syAt' zabdake prayogako nahIM bhUlanA cAhie / yaha 'syAt' zabda vivakSita dharmavAcI zabdako samasta vastupara adhikAra karanese rokatA hai aura kahatA hai ki 'bhAI, isa samaya zabdake dvArA uccArita honeke kAraNa yadyapi tuma mukhya ho, phira bhI isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki sArI vastu para tumhArA hI adhikAra ho / tumhAre ananta dharma-bhAI isI vastuke usI taraha samAna adhikArI haiM jisa taraha ki tuma / '
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________________ bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 57 'syAt' eka praharI : 'syAt' zabda eka aisA praharI hai, jo zabdakI maryAdAko saMtulita rakhatA hai / vaha saMdeha yA saMbhAvanAko sUcita nahIM karatA kintu eka nizcita sthitiko batAtA hai ki vastu amuka dRSTise amuka dharmavAlI hai hI / usameM anya dharma usa samaya gauNa hai / yadyapi hamezA 'syAt' zabda ke prayogakA niyama nahIM hai, kintu vaha samasta vAkyoMmeM antarnihita rahatA hai / koI bhI vAkya apane pratipAdya aMzakA avadhAraNa karake bhI vastugata zeSa aMzoMko gauNa to kara sakatA hai para unakA nirAkaraNa karake vastuko sarvathA aikAntika nahIM banA sakatA, kyoMki vastu svarUpase anekAnta---aneka dharmavAlI hai / 'syAt' kA artha 'zAyada' nahIM : 'syAt' zabda hindI bhASAmeM bhrAntivaza zAyadakA paryAyavAcI samajhA jAne lagA hai / prAkRta aura pAlI meM 'syAt' kA 'siyA' rUpa hotA hai / yaha vastuke sunizcita bhedoMke sAtha sadA prayukta hotA rahA hai / jaise ki 'majjhimanikAya ' ke 'mahArA hulovAdasutta' meM Apo dhAtukA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki " katamA ca rAhula ApodhAtu ? ', ApodhAtu siyA ajjhattikA siyA bAhirA" arthAt AnodhAtu (jala) kitane prakAra ko hai ? ApodhAtu syAt Abhyantara hai aura syAt bAhya / yahA~ Abhyantara dhAtuke sAtha 'siyA' zabdakA prayoga ApodhAtu ke Abhyantara bhedake sivA dvitIya bAhya bhedakI sUcanAke lie hai, aura bAhya ke sAtha 'siyA' zabdakA prayoga bAhyake sivA Abhyantara bhedakI sUcanA detA hai / arthAt 'Apo' dhAtu na to bAhyarUpa hI hai aura na AbhyAntararUpa hI / isa ubhayarUpatAkI sUcanA 'siyA' - ' syAt ' zabda detA hai| yahA~ na to 'syAt' zabdakA 'zAyada' ho artha hai, aura na 'saMbhava' aura na 'kadAcit' hI / kyoMki 'Apo' dhAtu zAyada Abhyantara aura zAyada bAhya nahIM hai aura na saMbhavata: Abhyantara
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________________ jainadarzana aura saMbhavataH bAhya aura na kadAcit Abhyantara aura bAhya ubhaya bheda vAlI hai| 'syAt' avivikSitakA sUcaka : isI taraha pratyeka dharmavAcI zabdake sAtha jur3A huA 'syAt' zabda eka sunizcita dRSTikoNase uma dharmakA varNana karake bhI anya avivakSita dharmokA astitva bhI vastu meM dyotita karatA hai| koI aisA zabda nahIM hai, jo vastuke pUrNa rUpako sparza kara ske| hara zabda eka nizcita dRSTikoNase prayukta hotA hai aura apane vivakSita dharmakA kathana karatA hai / isa taraha jaba zabdameM svabhAvataH vivakSAnusAra amuka dharmake pratipAdana karanekI hI zakti hai, taba yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki avivakSita zeSa dharmoMko sUcanAke lie eka 'pratIka' avazya ho, jo vaktA aura zrotAko bhUlane na de / 'syAt' zabda yahI kArya karatA hai / vaha zrotAko vivikSita dharmakA pradhAnatAse jJAna karAke bhI avivakSita dharmoke astitvakA dyotana karAtA hai / isa taraha bhagavAn mahAvIrane sarvathA ekAMza pratipAdikA vANIko bhI 'syAt' saMjIvanake dvArA vaha zakti dI, jisase vaha anekAntakA mukhya-gauNa bhAvase dyotana kara skii| yaha 'syAdvAda' jainadarzanameM satyakA pratIka banA hai| dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatA ___bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke sAmane eka sIdhA prazna thA ki dharma jaisA jIvaMta padArtha, jisake Upara ihaloka aura paralokakA banAnA aura bigAr3anA nirbhara karatA hai, kyA mAtra vedake dvArA nirNIta ho yA usameM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI maryAdAke anusAra anubhavI puruSa bhI apanA nirNaya deM ? vaidika paramparAkI isa viSayameM dRr3ha aura nirbAdha zraddhA hai ki dharmameM antima pramANa veda hai aura jaba dharma jaisA atIndriya padArtha mAtra vedake dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai to dharma jaise atisUkSma, vyavahita aura vipra
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________________ bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 59 kRSTa anya padArtha bho vedake dvArA hI jJAta ho sakeMge, inameM puruSakA jJAna sAkSAt pravRtti nahIM kara sktaa| puruSa prAyaH rAga, dveSa aura ajJAnase dUSita hote hai / unakA AtmA itanA niSkalaMka aura jJAnavAn nahIM ho sakatA, jo pratyakSase atIndriyadarzI ho sake / nyAya-vaizeSika aura yoga paramparAoMne vedako usa nitya jJAnavAn IzvarakI kRti mAnA, jo anAdisiddha hai / aisA nitya jJAna dUsarI AtmAoMmeM saMbhava nahIM hai| niSkarSa yaha ki vartamAna veda, cAhe vaha apauruSeya ho yA anAdisiddha IzvarakartRka, zAzvata hai aura dharmake viSayameM apanI nirbAdha sattA rakhatA hai / anya mahaSiyoMke dvArA racI gaI smRtiyA~ Adi yadi vedAnusAriNI haiM, to hI pramANa hai anyathA nahIM; yAnI pramANatAkI jyoti vedako apanI hai| laukika vyavahArameM zabdako pramANatAkA AdhAra nirdoSatA hai / vaha nirdoSatA do hI prakArase AtI hai-eka to guNavAn vaktA honese aura dUsare, vaktA hI na honese / AcArya kumArila spaSTa likhate haiM ki 'zabdameM doSoMkI utpatti vaktAse hotI hai / usakA abhAva kahIM to guNavAn vaktA honese ho jAtA hai; kyoMki vaktAke yathArthaveditva Adi guNoMse doSoMkA abhAva honepara ve doSa zabdameM apanA sthAna nahIM jamA pAte / dUsare, vaktAkA abhAva honese nirAzraya doSa nahIM raha sakate / puruSa prAyaH anRtavAdI hote haiM / ataH inake vacanoMko dharmake mAmale meM pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / brahmA, viSNu, mahezvara Adi deva vedadeha honese hI pramANa haiM, aura isakA yaha phala thA ki vedase janmasiddha varNavyavasthA tathA svargaprAptike liye ajamedha, azvamedha, gomedha yahA~ taka ki naramedha AdikA 1. "zabde doSodbhavastAvad vaktradhIna iti sthitam / tadabhAvaH kvacittAvad guNavadvaktRkatvataH // 62 // tadguNairapakRSTAnAM zabde saMkrAntyasaMbhavAt / yadvA vakturabhAvena na syudoMSA nirAzrayAH // 63 // ". -mI0 zlo0 codnaa0|
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________________ jainadarzana joroMse pracAra thaa| AtmAko Atyantika zuddhikI sambhAvanA na honese jovanakA lakSya aihika svargAdi vibhUtiyoMkI prApti taka hI sImita thaa| zreyakI apekSA preyameM hI jIvanako saphalatA mAna lI gaI thii| kintunirmala AtmA svayaM pramANa : bha0 mahAvIrane rAga, dvepa Adike kSayakA tAratamya dekhakara AtmAkI pUrNa vItarAga zuddha avasthA tathA jJAnakI paripUrNa nirmala dazAko asaMbhava nahIM mAnA aura unane apanI svayaM sAdhanA dvArA nirmala jJAna tathA vItarAgatA prApta kii| unakA siddhAnta thA ki pUrNa jJAnI vItarAga apane nirmala jJAnase dharmakA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA aura dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI paristhitike anusAra usake svarUpakA nirmANa bho vaha karatA hai / yuga-yuga meM aise hI mahApuruSa dharmatIrthake kartA hote hai aura mokSamArgake netA bhii| ve apane anubhUta dharmamArgakA pravartana karate haiM, isIlie unheM tIrthaMkara kahate haiM / ve dharmake niyama-upaniyamoMmeM kisI pUrvazruta yA granthakA sahArA na lekara apane nirmala anubhavake dvArA svayaM dharmakA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM aura usI mArgakA upadeza dete hai| jaba taka unheM kevalajJAna prApta nahIM ho jAtA taba taka ve mauna rahate hai aura mAtra AtmasAdhanAmeM lIna rahakara usa kSaNakI pratIkSA karate haiM jisa kSaNameM unheM nirmala bodhikI prApti hotI hai / yadyapi pUrva tIrthaMkaroMdvArA praNIta zruta unheM virAsatameM milatA hai, parantu ve usa pUrva zrutake pracAraka na hokara svayaM anubhUta dharmatIrthakI racanA karate haiM, isIliye ve tIrthaMkara kahe jAte hai / yadi ve pUrva zrutakA hI mukhyarUpase sahArA lete to unakI sthiti AcAryose adhika nahIM hotii| yaha ThIka hai ki eka tIrthakarakA upadeza dUsare tIrthakarase mUlasiddhAntoMmeM bhinna nahIM hotA; kyoMki satya trikAlAbAdhita hotA hai aura eka hotA hai / vastukA svarUpa bhI jaba sadAse eka mUla dhArAmeM pravAhita hai taba usakA mUla sAkSAkAra vibhinna kAloMmeM bhI do prakArakA nahIM ho sktaa| zrImad rAyacandrane
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________________ bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 61 Thoka hI kahA hai ki-"karor3a jJAniyoMkA eka hI vikalpa hotA hai jaba ki eka ajJAnIke karor3a vikalpa hote haiN|" isakA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki karor3a jJAnI apane nirmala jJAnake dvArA cUMki satyakA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM, ataH unakA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra do prakArakA nahIM ho sktaa| jaba ki eka ajJAnI apanI aneka prakArako vAsanAke anusAra vastuke svarUpako raMga-viraMgA, citra-vicitrarUpameM Aropita kara dekhatA hai| arthAt jJAnI satyako jAnatA hai, banAtA nahIM; jaba ki ajJAnI apanI vAsanAoMke anusAra satyako banAnekA prayatna karatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki ajJAnIke kathanameM pUrvApara virodha paga-pagapara vidyamAna rahatA hai| do ajJAniyoMkA kathana eka-jaisA nahIM ho sakatA, jaba ki asaMkhya jJAniyoMkA kathana mUlarUpameM eka hI tarahakA hotA hai| do ajJAniyoMkI bAta jAne dIjiye, eka hI ajJAnI kaSAyavaza kabhI kucha kahatA hai aura kabhI kucha / vaha svayaM vivAda bora asaMgatikA kendra hotA hai / maiM Age dharmajJatAke dArzanika muddepara vistArase likhUgA / yahA~ to itanA hI nirdeza karanA iSTa hai ki jainadarzanakI dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatAkI mAnyatAkA yaha jIvanopayogI tathya hai ki puruSa apanI vItarAga aura nirmala jJAnako dazAmeM svayaM pramANa hotA hai / vaha AtmasaMzodhanake mArgokA svayaM sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| apane dharmapathakA svayaM jJAtA hotA hai aura isIlie mokSamArgakA netA bhI hotA hai / vaha kisI anAdisiddha apauruSeya grantha yA zruti-paraMparAkA vyAkhyAtA yA mAtra anusaraNa karanevAlA hI nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNa-paramparAmeM koI anAdisiddha zruti yA grantha nahIM hai, jisakA antima nirNAyaka adhikAra dharmamArgameM svIkRta ho / vastutaH zabdake guNa-doSa vaktAke guNa-doSake AdhIna haiN| zabda to eka nirjIva mAdhyama hai, jo vaktAke prabhAvako DhotA hai| isIliye zramaNa-paramparAmeM zabdakI pUjA na hokara, vItarAga-vijJAnI santoMkI pUjA kI jAtI hai / ina santoMke upadezoMkA saMgraha hI 'zruta' kahalAtA hai, jo Ageke AcAryoM aura sAdhakoMke
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________________ jainadarzana liye tabhI taka mArgadarzaka hotA hai jabataka ki ve svayaM vItarAgatA aura nirmala jJAna prApta nahIM kara lete| nirmala jJAnako prAptike bAda ve svayaM dharmameM pramANa hote haiM / niggaMTha nAthaputta bhagavAna mahAvIrako sarvajJa aura sarvadarzIke rUpameM jo prasiddhi thI ki ve sote-jAgate hara avasthAmeM jAnate aura dekhate haiM-usakA rahasya yaha thA ki ve sadA svayaM sAkSAtkRta trikAlAbAdhita dharmamArgakA upadeza dete the| unake upadezoMmeM kahIM pUrvApara virodha yA asaMgati nahIM thii| nirIzvaravAda : AjakI taraha purAne yugameM bahusaMkhyA IzvaravAdiyoMkI rahI hai| ve jagatakA kartA aura vidhAtA eka anAdisiddha Izvarako mAnate rhe| IzvarakI kalpanA bhaya aura Azcaryase huI yA nahIM, hama isa vivAdameM na par3akara yaha dekhanA cAhate haiM ki isakA vAstavika aura dArzanika AdhAra kyA hai? jainadarzanameM isa jagatako anAdi mAnA hai| kisI bhI aise samayakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki jisa samaya yahA~ kucha na ho aura na kucha-sekucha utpanna ho gayA ho / ananta 'sat' anAdi kAlase ananta kAla taka kSaNa-kSaNa viparivartamAna hokara mUla dhArAmeM pravAhita haiN| unake paraspara saMyoga aura viyogoMse yaha sRSTicakra svayaM. saMcAlita hai| kisI eka buddhimAnane baiThakara asaMkhya kArya-kAraNabhAva aura ananta svarUpoMkI kalpanA kI ho aura vaha apanI icchAse isa jagatakA niyantraNa karatA ho, yaha vastusthitike pratikUla to hai hI anubhavagamya bhI nahIM hai / pratyeka 'sat' apanemeM paripUrNa aura svatantra hai / pratikSaNa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpa svabhAvake kAraNa paraspara prabhAvita hokara aneka avasthAoMmeM svayaM parivartita ho rahA hai| yaha parivartana kahIM puruSako buddhi, icchA aura prayatnoMse ba~dhakara bhI calatA hai / itanA hI puruSakA puruSArtha aura prakRtipara vijaya pAnA hai| kintu Aja takake vijJAnakA itihAsa isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki usane ananta vizvake
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________________ bhAratIya dazanako jainadarzanakI dena eka aMzakA bhI pUrNa patA nahIM lagAyA aura na usapara pUrA niyaMtraNa hI rakhA hai / Ajatakake sAre puruSArtha ananta samudrameM eka bubudke samAna haiM / vizva apane pArasparika kArya-kAraNabhAvoMse svayaM suvyavasthita aura suniyaMtrita hai| ____ mUlataH eka satkA dUsare satpara koI adhikAra nahIM hai| cUMki ve do hai, isaliye ve apanemeM paripUrNa aura svatantra hai| sat cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, apanemeM akhaNDa aura paripUrNa hai / jo bhI pariNamana hotA hai vaha usako svabhAvabhuta upAdAna-yogyatAko sImAmeM hI hotA hai| jaba acetana dravyoMkI yaha sthiti hai taba cetana vyaktiyoMkA svAtantrya to svayaM nirbAdha hai| cetana apane prayatnoMse kahIM acetanapara eka hadataka tAtkAlika niyatraNa kara bhI le, para yaha niyantraNa sArvakAlika aura sArvadezikarUpameM na sambhava hai aura na zakya hii| isI taraha eka cetanapara dUsare cetanakA adhi. kAra yA prabhAva paristhiti-vizeSameM ho bhI jAya, to bhI mUlataH usakA vyaktisvAtantrya samApta nahIM ho sktaa| manuSya apane svArthake kAraNa adhika-se-adhika bhautika sAdhanoM aura acetana vyaktiyoMpara prabhutva jamAneko ceSTA karatA hai, para usakA yaha prayatna sarvatra aura sarvadAke liye Aja taka sambhava nahIM ho sakA hai| isa anAdisiddha vyakti-svAtantryake AdhArase jainadarzanane kisI eka Izvarake hAtha isa jagatakI coTI nahIM dii| saba apanI-apanI paryAyoMke svAmI aura vidhAtA haiN| jaba jIvita avasthAmeM vyaktikA apanA svAtantrya pratiSThita hai aura vaha apane saMskAroMke anusAra acchI yA burI avasthAoMko svayaM dhAraNa karatA jAtA hai, svayaM prerita hai, taba na kisI nyAyAlayakI jarUrata hai aura na nyAyAdhIza IzvarakI hii| saba apane-apane saMskAra aura bhAvanAoMke anusAra acche aura bure vAtAvaraNako svayaM sRSTi karate haiM / yahI saMskAra 'karma' kahe jAte haiN| jinakA paripAka acchI aura burI paristhitiyoMkA bIja banatA hai| ye saMskAra cUMki svayaM upAjita kiye jAte haiM, ataH unakA parivartana, parivardhana, saMkra
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________________ jainadarzana maNa aura kSaya bhI svayaM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| yAnI puruSa apane karmoMkA eka bAra kartA hokara bhI unakI rekhAoMko apane puruSArthase miTA bhI sakatA hai / dravyoMkI svAbhAvabhUta yogyatAe~, unake pratikSaNa pariNamana karanekI pravRtti aura paraspara prabhAvita honekI lacaka ina tIna kAraNoMse vizvakA samasta vyavahAra calatA jA rahA hai / karmaNA varNavyavasthA H vyavahArake lie guNa-karmake anusAra varNa-vyavasthA kI gayI thI, jisase samAja-racanAmeM asuvidhA na ho| kintu vargasvAthiyoMne Izvara ke sAtha usakA bhI sambandha jor3a diyA aura jur3anA bhI cAhiye thA; kyoMki jaba Izvara jagatakA niyaMtA hai to jagatake antargata varNa-vyavasthA usake niyaMtraNase pare kaise raha sakatI hai ? IzvarakA sahArA lekara isa varNa-vyavasthAko IzvarIya rUpa diyA gayA aura kahA gayA ki brAhmaNa Izvarake mukhase, kSatriya usakI bAhuoMse, vaizya udarase aura zUdra pairoMse utpanna hue / unake adhikAra bhI jude-jude haiM aura kartavya bhI / aneka janmasiddha saMrakSaNoMkA samarthana bhI Izvarake nAmapara kiyA gayA hai| isakA yaha pariNAma huA ki bhAratavarSameM vargasvArthoke AdhArase aneka prakArakI viSamatAoMkI sRSTi huii| karor3oM mAnava dAsa, antyaja aura zadrake nAmoMse vaMzaparamparAgata nirdalana aura utpIr3anake zikAra hue| zUdra dharmAdhikArase bhI vaMcita kiye gye| isa varNadharmake saMrakSaNake kAraNa hI Izvarako maryAdApurUSottama kahA gayA / yAnI jo vyavasthA laukika-vyavahAra aura samAja-racanAke lie kI gayI thI aura jisameM yugAnusAra parivartanakI zakyatA thI vaha dharma aura Izvarake nAmase baddhamUla ho gyii| ___ jainadharmameM mAnavamAtrako vyaktisvAtantryake parama siddhAntake anusAra sAmAna dharmAdhikAra to diyA hI / sAtha-hI-sAtha isa vyAvahArika varNavyavasthAko samAjavyavahAra taka guNa-karmake anusAra hI sImita rkhaa|
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________________ 1 bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 65 dArzanika yugameM dravyatvAdi sAmAnyoMkI taraha vyavahArakalpita brAhmaNatvAdi jAtiyoM kA bhI unhe nitya, eka aura anekAnugata mAnakara jo samarthana kiyA gayA hai aura unakI abhivyakti brAhmarNAdi mAtA-pitAse utpanna honeke kAraNa jo batAyI gayI hai unakA khaNDana jaina aura bauddhadarzanake granthoMmeM pracuratAse pAyA jAtA hai / inakA sIdhA siddhAnta hai ki manuSyoM meM jaba manuSyatva nAmaka sAmAnya ho sAdRzyamUlaka hai taba brAhmaNatvAdi jAtiyA~ bhI sadRza AdhAra aura vyavahAramUlaka hI bana sakatIM hai / jinameM ahiMsA, dayA Adi sadvratoMke saMskAra vikasita hoM ve brAhmaNa, pararakSAkI vRttivAle kSatriya, kRSivANijyAdi vyApArapradhAna vaizya aura zilpamevA Adise AjIvikA calAnevAne zUdra hai / koI bhI zUdra apanemeM vrata Adi sadguNoMkA vikAsa karake brAhmaNa vana sakatA hai / brAhmaNatvakA AdhAra vratasaMskAra hai na ki nitya brAhmaNatva jAti / 2 jainadarzanane jahA~ padArtha - vijJAnake kSetrame apanI maulika dRSTi rakhI hai bahA~ samAja-racanA aura vizvazAMtike mUlabhUta siddhAntoMkA bhI vivecana kiyA hai / unameM nirIzvaravAda aura varNa-vyavasthAko vyavahArakalpita mAnanA ye do pramukha hai / yaha ThIka hai ki kucha saMskAra baMgAnugata hote hai, kintu unheM samAjaracanAkA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / sAmAjika aura sArvajanika sAdhanoMke viziSTa saMrakSaNake lie varNavyavasthAkI duhAI nahIM dI jA sakatI / sArvajanika vikAsake avasara pratyekake liye samAnarUpase milane para svastha samAjakA nirmANa ho sakatA hai / anubhavakI pramANatA : dharmajJa aura sarvajJake prakaraNameM likhA jA cukA hai ki zramaNa paramparAmeM 1. dekho, pramANavAtikAlaMkAra pR0 22 / tattvasaMgraha kA0 3579 / prameyakamalamA0 pR0 483 / nyAyakumu0 pR0 770 / sammati0 TI0 pR0697| syA0 ratnA0959 / 2. 'brAhmaNAH vratasaMskArAt - AdipurANa 38 / 46 / 5
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________________ jainadarzana puruSa pramANa hai, granthavizeSa nhiiN| isakA artha hai zabda svataH pramANa na hokara purupake anubhavako pramANatAse anuprANita hotA hai| mImAMsakane laukika zabdoMmeM vaktAko guNa aura dopoMkI eka hada taka upayogitA svIkAra karake bhI dharmameM vaidika zabdoMko puruSake guNa-doSoMse mukta rakhakara svataH pramANa mAnA haiM / pahilI bAta to yaha hai ki jaba bhASAtmaka zabda ekAntataH puruSake prayatnase hI utpanna hote hai, ataH unhe apauruSeya aura anAdi mAnanA hI anubhavaviruddha hai taba unake svataH pramANa mAnanekI bAta to bahuta dUra kI hai / vaktAkA anubhava hI zabdako pramANatAkA mUla srota hai| prAmANyavAdake vicArameM maine isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / sAdhanakI pavitratAkA Agraha : bhAratIya darzanoMmeM vAdakathAkA itihAsa jahA~ aneka prakArase manoraMjaka hai vahA~ usameM apanI-apanI paramparAkI kucha maulika dRSTiyoMke bhI darzana hote hai / naiyAyikoMne zAstrArthame jItaneke lie chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna jaise asad upAyoMkA bhI Alambana lekara sanmArga-rakSAkA lakSya siddha karanekI paramparAkA samarthana kiyA hai / chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAnoMkI kilebandI prativAdIko kisI bhI taraha cupa karaneke lie kI gayI thii| jisakA Azraya lekara sadoSa sAdhanavAdI bhI nirdoSa prativAdIpara kIcar3a uchAla sakatA thA aura use parAjita kara sakatA thA / kintu jainadArzanikoMne zAsana-prabhAvanAko bhI asad upAyoMse karanA ucita nahIM mAnA / ve sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanakI pavitratApara bhI utanA hI jora dete haiM / satya aura ahiMsAkA aikAntika Agraha honeke kAraNa unhoMne vAdakathA jaise kaluSita kSetrameM bhI chala, jAti Adike prayogoMko sarvathA anyAyya kahakara nItikA sIdhA mArga dikhAyA ki jo bhI apanA pakSa siddha karale, usakI jaya aura dUsarekI parAjaya honI caahie| aura chala, jAti Adike prayogakI kuzalatAse jaya-parAjayakA koI sambandha nahIM hai / bauddhoMkA bhI yahI dRSTikoNa hai| (vizeSake lie dekho, jaya-parAjayavyavasthA prakaraNa ) /
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________________ bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena tattvAdhigamake upAya : ___ jainadarzanane padArthake vAstavika svarUpakA sUkSma vivecana to kiyA hI hai / sAtha-hI-sAtha una padArthoke jAnane, dekhane, samajhane aura samajhAnekI dRSTiyoMkA bhI spaSTa varNana kiyA hai| iname naya aura saptabhaMgokA vivecana apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| pramANake sAtha nayoMko bhI tattvAdhigamake upAyoMme ginAnA jainadarzanakI apanI vizeSatA hai| akhaNDa vastuko grahaNa karaneke kAraNa pramANa to maka hai| vastuko aneka dRSTiyoMse vyavahArameM utAranA aMzagrAhI sApekSa nayoMkA hI kArya hai / naya pramANake dvArA gahIta vastuko vibhAjita kara usake eka-eka aMzako grahaNa karate hai aura use zabdavyavahArakA viSaya banAte hai / nayoMke bheda-prabhedoMkA vizeSa vivecana karanevAle nayacakra, nayavivaraNa Adi aneka grantha aura prakaraNa jainadarzanake koSAgArako udbhAsita kara rahe hai / ( vistRta vivecanake lie dekho, nayamImAMsA prakaraNa ) / isa taraha jainadarzanane vastu-svarUpake vicArame aneka maulika dRSTiyA~ bhAratIya darzanako dI hai, jinase bhAratIya darzanakA koSAgAra jIvanopayogI hI nahIM, samAja-racanA aura vizvazAntike maulika tattvoMse samRddha banA hai / iti /
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________________ 4. lokavyavasthA jainI lokavyavasthAkA mUla maMtra haimUla mantra : "bhAvassa patthi NAso patthi abhAvassa ceva uppaado| guNapajjaesu bhAvA uppAyavayaM pakuvvaMni / " -paMcA0 gA0 150 / kimI bhAva arthAt satkA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA aura kisI abhAva arthAt amatkA utpAda nahI hotaa| sabhI padArtha apane guNa aura paryAya rUpase utpAda, vyaya karate rahate hai / lokame jitane sat hai ve traikAlika sat hai| unakI saMkhyAme kabhI bhI hera-phera nahIM hotaa| unakI guNa aura paryAyoMme parivartana avazyambhAvI hai, usakA koI apavAda nahIM ho sakatA / isa vizvame ananta cetana, ananta pudgalANu, eka AkAza, eka dharmadravya, eka adharmadravya aura asaMkhya kAlANu dravya hai| inase yaha loka vyApta hai| jitane AkAza dezame ye jovAdi dravya pAye jAte hai use loka kahate hai / lokake bAhara bhI AkAza hai, vaha aloka kahalAtA hai| lokagata AkAza aura alokagata AkAza donoM eka akhaNDa dravya hai| yaha vizva ina anantAnaMta 'sato' kA virAT AgAra hai aura akRtrima hai| pratyeka 'sat' apaneme paripUrNa svatantra aura maulika hai| satkA lakSaNa haiM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase yukta honaa| pratyeka sat pratikSaNa pariNamana karatA hai| vaha pUrva paryAyako chor3akara uttara paryAya 1. "logo akiTTimo khalu" -mUlA0 gA0 712 / 2. "utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat" -ta0 sU0 5 / 30 /
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________________ lokavyavasthA dhAraNa karatA hai| usako yaha pUrva vyaya tathA uttarotpAdakI dhArA anAdi aura ananta hai, kabhI bhI vicchinna nahIM hotii| cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, koI bhI sat isa utpAda, vyayake cakrase bAhara nahIM hai| yaha usakA nija svabhAva hai| usakA maulika dharma hai ki use pratikSaNa pariNamana karanA hI cAhiye aura apanI avicchinna dhArAmeM asaMkarabhAvase anAdyananta rUpameM pariNata hote rahanA caahiye| ye pariNamana kabhI sadRza bhI hote haiM aura kabhI visadRza bhii| ye kabhI eka dUsareke nimittase prabhAvita bhI hote haiM / yaha utpAda, vyaya aura prauvyarUpa pariNamanakI paramparA kisI samaya dIpanirvANakI taraha bujha nahIM sktii| yahI bhAva uparokta gAthAmeM 'bhAvassa patthi NAso' pada dvArA dikhAyA gayA hai / kitanA bhI parivartana kyoM na ho jAya, paravirtanoMkI ananta saMkhyA hone para bhI vastukI sattA naSTa nahIM hotI / usakA maulika tattva arthAt dravyatva naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| ananta prayatna karane para bhI jagatake raMgamaMcase eka bhI aNuko vinaSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usakI hastIko nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| vijJAnakI tIvratama bhedaka zakti aNu dravyakA bheda nahIM kara sktii| Aja jise vijJAnane 'eTama' mAnA hai aura jisake ilekTrAna aura proTrAna rUpase bhedakara vaha yaha samajhatA hai ki hamane aNukA bheda kara liyA, vastutaH vaha aNu na hokara mUkSma skandha hI hai aura isIlie usakA bheda saMbhava ho sakA hai / paramANukA to lakSaNa hai : "aMtAdi aMtamajhaM aMtaMtaM Neva iMdie gejhaM / jaM avibhAgI davvaM taM paramANuM pasaMsaMti / / " -niyamasA0 gA0 26 / arthAt-paramANukA vahI Adi, vahI anta tathA vahI madhya hai| vaha indriyagrAhya nahIM hotaa| vaha sarvathA avibhAgI hai-usake Tukar3e nahIM kiye jA sakate / aise avibhAgI dravyako paramANu kahate haiN|
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________________ 70 jainadarzana "savvesiM khaMdhANaM jo aMto taM viyANa paramANU / so sassado asaddo ekko avibhAgi muttibhvo||" -paMcA0 177 / arthAt-samasta skandhoMkA jo antima bheda hai, vaha paramANu hai| vaha zAzvata hai, zabdarahita hai, eka hai, sadA avibhAgI hai aura mUrtika hai / tAtparya yaha ki paramANu dravya akhaMDa hai aura avibhAgI hai / usako chinna-bhinna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jahA~ taka chedana-bhedana sambhava hai vaha sUkSma skandhakA ho sakatA hai, paramANukA nhiiN| paramANukI dravyatA aura akhaNDatAkA sIdhA artha hai-usakA avibhAgI eka sattA aura maulika honA / vaha chida-bhidakara do sattAvAlA nahIM bana sktaa| yadi banatA hai to samajhanA cAhie ki vaha paramANu nahIM hai / aise ananta maulika avibhAgI aNuoMse yaha loka ThasAThasa bharA huA hai| inhIM paramANuoMke paraspara sambandhase choTe-bar3e skandharUpa aneka avasthAeM hotI haiN| pariNamanoMke prakAra: ___ satke pariNAma do prakArake hote haiM-eka svabhAvAtmaka aura dUsarA dUsarA vibhaavruup| dharmadravya, adharmadravya, AkAzadravya aura aMsakhyAta kAlANudravya ye sadA zuddha svabhAvarUpa pariNamana karate haiN| inameM pUrva paryAya naSTa hokara bhI jo nayo uttara paryAya utpanna hotI hai vaha sadRza aura svabhAvAtmaka hI hotI hai, usameM vilakSaNatA nahIM aatii| pratyeka dravyameM eka 'agurulaghu' guNa yA zakti hai, jisake kAraNa dravyako samatulA banI rahatI hai, vaha na to guru hotA hai aura na laghu / yaha guNa dravyakI nijarUpameM sthira-maulikatA kAyama rakhatA hai / isI guNameM anantabhAgavRddhi Adi SaDguNI hAni-vRddhi hotI rahatI hai, jisase ye dravya apane dhrauvyAtmaka pariNAmI svabhAvako dhAraNa karate haiM aura kabhI apane dravyatvako nahIM chodd'te| inameM kabhI bhI vibhAva yA vilakSaNa pariNamana nahIM
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________________ lokavyavasthA 71 hotA aura na kahane yogya koI aisA pharka AtA hai, jisase prathama kSaNake pariNamanase dvitIya kSaNake pariNamanakA bheda batAyA jA sake / pariNamanakA koI apavAda nahIM: yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvika hai ki jaba anAdise anantakAla taka ye dravya sadA eka-jaise samAna pariNamana karate hai, unameM kabhI bhI kahIM bhI kisI bhI rUpameM visadRzatA, vilakSaNatA yA asamAnatA nahIM AtI taba unameM pariNamana arthAt parivartana kaise kahA jAya ? unake pariNamanakA kyA lekhA-jokhA ho ? parantu jaba lokakA pratyeka 'mat' madA pariNAmI hai, kaTastha nitya nahIM, sadA zAzvata nahIM; taba satake isa aparihArya aura anivArya niyamakA AkAzAdi 'sat' kaise ullaMghana kara sakate hai ? unakA astitva hI trayAtmaka arthAt utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai| isakA apavAda koI bhI mat kabhI bhI nahIM ho sktaa| bhale hI unakA pariNamana hamAre zabdoMkA yA sthUla jJAnakA viSaya na ho, para isa pariNAmitvakA apavAda koI bhI sat nahIM ho sktaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba hama eka sat-pudgalaparamANume pratikSaNa parivartanako usake skandhAdi kAryo dvArA jAnate hai, eka sat-AtmAme jJAnAdi guNoMke parivartanako svayaM anubhava karate hai tathA dRzya vizvame satkI utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyazIlatA pramANasiddha hai; taba lokake kisI bhI satko utpAdAdise rahita honekI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| eka mRtpiDa piMDAkArako chor3akara ghaTake AkArako dhAraNa karatA hai tathA miTTI donoM avasthAoMmeM anugata rahatI hai| vastuke svarUpako samajhanekA yaha eka sthUla dRSTAnta hai| ataH jagatkA pratyeka sat, cAhe vaha cetana ho yA acetana, pariNAmI-nitya hai, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyavAlA hai| vaha pratikSaNa paryAyAntarako prApta hokara bhI kabhI samApta nahIM hotA, dhruva hai /
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________________ 72 jainadarzana jIvadravyameM jo AtmAe~ karmabandhanako kATa kara siddha ho gaI haiM una mukta jIvoMkA bhI siddhike kAlase anantakAla taka sadA zuddha hI pariNamana hotA hai / samAna aura ekarasa pariNamanakI dhArA sadA calatI rahatI hai, usameM kabhI koI vilakSaNatA nahIM aatii| raha jAte haiM saMsArI jIva aura ananta pugdala, jinakA raMgamaMca yaha dRzya vizva hai| inameM svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika donoM pariNamana hote haiM / pharka itanA hI hai ki saMsArI jIvake eka bAra zuddha ho jAneke bAda phira azuddhatA nahIM AtI, jaba ki pudgalaskandha apanI zuddha dazA paramANurUpatAmeM pahu~cakara bhI phira azuddha ho jAte haiM / pudgalakI zuddha avasthA paramANu hai aura azuddha dazA skandha-avasthA hai / pudgala dravya skandha banakara phira paramANu avasthAmeM pahu~ca jAte haiM aura phira paramANuse skandha bana jAte haiN| sArAMza yaha ki saMsArI jIva aura ananta pudgala paramANu bhI pratikSaNa apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa eka dUsareke tathA paraspara nimitta banakara svaprabhAvita pariNamanake bhI janaka ho jAte haiN| eka hAiDrojanakA skandha oNksijanake skandhase milakara jala paryAyako prApta ho jAtA hai| phira garmIkA sannidhAna pAkara bhApha banakara ur3a jAtA hai, phira sardI pAkara pAnI bana jAtA hai, aura isa taraha ananta prakArake parivartana-cakrameM bAhya-AbhyAntara sAmagrIke anusAra pariNata hotA rahatA hai| yahI hAla saMsArI jIvakA hai| usameM bhI apanI sAmagrIke anusAra guNaparyAyoMkA pariNamana barAbara hotA rahatA hai| koI bhI samaya parivartanase zUnya nahIM hotaa| isa parivartana-paramparAmeM pratyeka dravya svayaM upAdAnakAraNa hotA hai tathA anya dravya nimitta kAraNa / dharmadravya : jIva aura pudgaloMkI gati-kriyAmeM sAdhAraNa udAsIna nimitta hotA hai, preraka kAraNa nahIM / jaise calaneko tatpara machalIke lie jala kAraNa to hotA hai, para preraNA nahIM krtaa|
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________________ 73 lokavyavasthA adharmadravya : ____ jIva aura pudgaloMkI sthitimeM adharmadravya sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai, preraka nhiiN| jaise ThaharanevAle pathikoMko chAyA / AkAzadravyaH samasta cetana-acetana dravyoMko sthAna detA hai aura avagAhanakA sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai, preraka nahIM / AkAza svapratiSThita hai / kAladravya : samasta dravyoMke vartanA, pariNamana AdikA sAdhAraNa nimitta hai / paryAya kisI-na-kisI kSaNameM utpanna hotI tathA naSTa hotI hai, ataH 'kSaNa' samasta dravyoMkI paryAyapariNatimeM nimitta hotA hai| ye cAra dravya arUpI haiN| dharma, adharma aura asaMkhya kAlANu lokAkAzavyApI haiM aura AkAza lokAlokavya pI ananta hai| saMsArI jIva aura pudgala dravyoMmeM vibhAva pariNamana hotA hai| jIva aura pudgalakA anAdikAlIna sambandha honeke kAraNa jIva saMsArIdazAmeM vibhAva pariNamana karatA hai / isakA sambandha samApta hote hI muktadazAmeM jIva zuddha pariNamanakA adhikArI ho jAtA hai| ___isa taraha lokameM ananta 'sat' svayaM apane svabhAvake kAraNa paraspara nimitta-naimittika banakara pratikSaNa parivartita hote haiN| unameM paraspara kAryakAraNabhAva bhI banate haiN| bAhya aura Abhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra samasta kArya utpanna hote aura naSTa hote haiN| pratyeka 'sat' apane meM paripUrNa aura svataMtra hai / vaha apane guNa aura paryAyakA svAmI hai aura hai apanI paryAyoMkA AdhAra / eka dravya dUsare dravyameM koI nayA pariNamana nahIM lA sakatA / jaisI jaisI sAmagrI upasthita hotI jAtI hai usake kAryakAraNaniyamake anusAra dravya svayaM vaisA pariNata hotA jAtA hai| jisa samaya koI
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________________ 74 jainadarzana bAhya sAmagrIkA prabala nimitta nahIM milatA usa samaya bhI dravya apane svabhAvAnusAra sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana karatA hI hai / koI sapheda kapar3A eka dinameM mailA hotA hai, to yaha nahIM mAnanA cAhie ki vaha 23 ghaNTA 56 miniTa to sApha rahA aura AkhirI miniTameM mailA huA hai; kintu pratikSaNa umameM sadRza yA visadRza parivartana hote rahe haiM aura 24 ghaNTeke samAna yA asamAna pariNamanoMkA ausata phala vaha mailApana hai| isI taraha manuSyameM bhI bacapana, javAnI aura vRddhAvasthA Adi sthUla pariNamana pratikSaNabhAvI asaMkhya sUkSma pariNamanoMke phala haiN| tAtparya yaha ki pratyeka dravya apane pariNamanameM upAdAna hotA hai aura sajAtIya yA vijAtIya nimittake anusAra prabhAvita hokara yA prabhAvita karake paraspara pariNamanameM nimitta banatA jAtA hai / yaha nimittoMkA juTAva kahIM paraspara saMyogase hotA hai to kahIM kisI puruSake prayatnase / jaise kisI hAiDrojanake skandhake pAsa havAke jhoMkese ur3akara A~ksijana skandha pahu~ca jAya to donoMkA jalarUpa pariNamana ho jAyagA, aura yadi na pahu~ce to donoMkA apane-apane rUpa hI advitIya pariNamana hotA rahatA hai / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki koI vaijJAnika apanI prayogazAlAmeM oNksijanameM hAiDrojana milAve aura isa taraha donoMkI jala paryAya bana jAya / agni hai, yadi usameM gIlA Idhana svayaM yA kisI puruSake prayatnase pahu~ca jAya to dhUma utpanna ho jAyagA, anyathA agni dhIre-dhIre rAkha ho jAyagI / koI dravya jabaradastI kisI dUsare dravyameM asaMbhavanIya parivartana utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| prayatna karanepara bhI acetanase cetana nahIM bana sakatA aura na eka cetana cetanAntara yA acetana yA acetana acetanAntara hI ho sakatA hai| saba apanI-apanI paryAyadhArAmeM pravahamAna hai / ve pratyeka kSaNameM navIna-navIna paryAyoMko dhAraNa karate hue svamagna haiM / ve eka-dUsareke sambhavanIya pariNamanake prakaTa karanemeM nimitta ho bhI jAya, para asaMbhava yA asat pariNamana utpanna nahIM kara sakate / AcArya kundakundane bahuta sundara likhA hai
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________________ lokavyavasthA "aNNadavieNa aNNadavvassa No kIrade gunnuppaado| tamhA dusavvadavA uppajante sahAveNa // " -samayasAra gA0 372 / arthAt-eka dravya dUsare dravyameM koI bhI guNotpAda nahIM kara sakatA / sabhI dravya apane-apane svabhAvase utpanna hote hai / isa taraha pratyeka dravya kI paripUrNa akhaMDatA aura vyakti-svAtantryako carama niSThApara sabhI apane-apane pariNamana-cakrake svAmI hai| koI kisIke pariNamanakA niyantraka nahIM hai aura na kisIke izArepara isa lokakA nirmANa yA pralaya hotA hai / pratyeka 'sat' kA apane guNa aura paryAyapara hI adhikAra hai, anya dravyakA pariNamana tadadhIna nahIM hai / itanI spaSTa aura asandigdha sthiti pratyeka satkI honepara bhI pudgaloMmeM paraspara tathA jIva aura pudgalakA paraspara evaM saMsArI jIvoMkA paraspara prabhAva DAlanevAlA nimitta-naimittika sambandha bhI hai| jala yadi agni para gira jAtA hai to use bujhA detA hai aura yadi vaha kimI vartanameM agnike Upara rakhA jAtA hai to agni hI usake sahaja zItala sparzako badalakara usako uSNasparza svIkAra karA detI hai| parasparako paryAyoMmeM isa taraha prabhAvaka nimittatA hone para bhI samasta lokaracanAke lie koI nityasiddha Izvara nimitta yA upAdAna hotA ho, yaha bAta na kevala yuktiviruddha hI hai kintu dravyoMke nijasvabhAvake viparIta bhI hai| koI bhI dravya sadA avikArI nitya ho hI nahIM sakatA / ananta padArthokI ananta paryAyoMpara niyantraNa rakhane jaisA mahAprabhutva na kevala avaijJAnika hai kintu padArtha-sthitike viruddha bhI hai| nimitta aura upAdAna : ____ jo kAraNa svayaM kAryarUpa me pariNata ho jAya vaha upAdAna kAraNa hai aura jo svayaM kAryarUpa pariNata to na ho, para usa pariNamanameM sahAyatA de
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________________ jainadarzana vaha nimitta yA sahakArI kAraNa kahA jAtA hai| ghaTame miTTI upAdAna kAraNa hai; kyoki vaha svayaM ghaDA banatI hai, aura kumhAra nimitta hai; kyoki vaha svayaM ghaDA to nahI banatA, para ghaDA bananeme sahAyatA detA hai| pratyeka sat yA dravya pratikSaNa apanI pUrva paryAyako choDakara uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karate hai, yaha eka nirapavAda niyama hai| saba pratikSaNa apanI dhArAme parivartita hokara sadRza yA visadRza avasthAome badalate jA rahe hai| usa parivartana dhArAme jo sAmagrI upasthita hotI hai yA karAI jAtI hai usake balA-balase parivartaname honevAlA prabhAva taratamabhAva prApta karatA hai / nadIke ghATapara yadi koI vyakti lAla raMga jalame ghola detA hai to uma lAla ragako zaktike anusAra AgekA pravAha amuka hada taka lAla hotA jAtA hai, aura yadi nIlA raMga gholatA hai to nIlA / yadi koI dUsarI ullekhayogya nimittasAmagrI nahI AtI to jo sAmagrI hai usakI anukUlatAke anusAra usa dhArAkA svaccha yA asvaccha yA ardhasvaccha pariNamana hotA jAtA hai / yaha nizcita hai ki lAla yA nIlA pariNamana, jo bhI nadIko dhArAme huA hai, usame vahI jalapuJja upAdAna hai jo dhArA banakara baha rahA hai; kyoki vahI jala apanA purAnA rUpa badalakara lAla yA nIlA huA hai / usame nimitta yA sahakArI hotA hai vaha gholA huA lAla raMga yA nIlA raMga / yaha eka sthala dRSTAnta hai-upAdAna aura nimittakI sthiti samajhaneke lie| mai pahile likha AyA ha ki dharmadravya, adharmadravya, AkAzadravya, kAladravya aura zuddha jIvadravyake pariNamana sadA eka se hote hai; uname bAharI prabhAva nahI AtA, kyoki iname vaibhAvika zakti nahI hai / zuddha jIvame vaibhAvika zaktikA sadA svAbhAvika pariNamana hotA hai| inako upAdAnaparamparA sunizcita hai aura inapara nimittakA koI bala yA prabhAva nahI hotA / ata. nimittoko carcA bhI inake sambandhame vyartha hai / ye sabhI dravya niSkriya hai / zuddha jIvame bhI eka dezase dUsare dezame prApta hone rUpa
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________________ lokavyavasyA kriyA nahIM hotI / inameM utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka nija svabhAvake kAraNa apane agurulaghuguNake sadbhAvase sadA samAna pariNamana hotA rahatA hai / prazna hai sirpha saMsArI jIva aura pudgala dravyakA / inameM vaibhAvikI zakti hai / ataH jisa prakArako sAmagrI jisa samaya upasthita hotI hai usakI zaktikI taratamatAse vaise vaise upAdAna badalatA jAtA hai / yadyapi nimittabhUta sAmagrI kisI sarvathA asadbhUta pariNamanako usa dravyameM nahIM lAtI; kintu usa dravyake jo zakya - saMbhAvya pariNamana hai, unhIM meM se usa paryAyase honevAlA amuka pariNamana utpanna ho jAtA hai / jaise pratyeka pudgala aNumeM samAna rUpase pudgalajanya yAvat pariNamanoMkI yogyatA hai / pratyeka aNu apanI skandha avasthA meM kapar3A bana sakatA hai, sonA bana sakatA hai, ghar3A bana sakatA hai aura patthara bana sakatA hai tathA tailake AkAra ho sakatA hai / parantu lAkha prayatna honepara bhI patthararUpa pudgalase taila nahIM nikala sakatA, yadyapi tela pudgalakI hI paryAya hai| miTTIse kapar3A nahIM bana sakatA, yadyapi kapar3A bhI pudgalakA hI eka vizeSa pariNamana jaba patthara-skandhake pudgalANu khirakara miTTI meM mila jA~ya aura khAda banakara tailake paudhemeM pahu~cakara tila bIja bana jA~ya to usase taila nikala hI sakatA hai / isI taraha miTTI kapAsa banakara kapar3A bana sakatI hai para sAkSAt nahIM / tAtparya yaha ki pudgalANuoMmeM samAna zakti hone para bhI amuka skandhoMse sAkSAt unhIM kAryoMkA vikAsa ho sakatA hai jo usa paryAyase zakya hoM aura jinako nimitta sAmagrI upasthita ho / ataH saMsArI jIva aura pudgaloM kI sthiti usa moma jaisI hai jise saMbhava sA~coMmeM DhAlA jA sakatA hai aura jo vibhinna sA~coMmeM Dhalate jAte haiM / hA~, nimittabhUta pudgala yA jIva paraspara bhI prabhAvita hokara vibhinna pariNamanoMke AdhAra bana jAte haiM / eka kaccA ghar3A agnimeM jaba pakAyA jAtA hai taba usameM aneka jagahake pudgala skandhoM meM vibhinna prakArase rUpAdikA pAripAka hotA hai / isI taraha agnimeM bhI usake sannidhAnase 77
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________________ 78 jainadarzana vicitra pariNamana hote haiM / eka hI Amake phalameM paripAkake anusAra kahIM khaTTA aura kahIM mIThA rasa tathA kahIM mRdu aura kahIM kaThora sparza evaM kahIM pIta rUpa aura kahIM harA rUpa hamAre rojake anubhavako bAta hai| isase usa Amra skandhagata paramANuoMkA sammilita sthUla-AmraparyAyameM zAmila rahane para bhI svatantra astitva bhI barAbara banA rahatA hai, yaha nirvivAda siddha ho jAtA hai / usa skandhameM sammilita paramANuoMkA apanA-apanA svatantra pariNamana bahudhA eka prakArakA hotA hai| isIliye usa ausata pariNamanameM 'Amra' saMjJA rakha dI jAtI hai| jisa prakAra aneka pudgalANu dravya sammilita hokara eka sAdhAraNa skandha paryAyakA nirmANa kara lete haiM phira bhI svatantra haiM, usI taraha saMsArI jIvoMmeM bhI avikasita dazAmeM arthAt nigodakI avasthAmeM ananta jIvoMke sAdhAraNa sadRza pariNamanakI sthiti ho jAtI hai aura unakA usa samaya sAdhAraNa AhAra, sAdhAraNa zvAsocchavAsa, sAdhAraNa jIvana aura sAdhAraNa hI maraNa hotA hai / ekake marane para saba mara jAte hai aura ekake jIvita rahane para bhI saba jIvita rahate haiN| aisI pravAhapatita sAdhAraNa avasthA hone para unakA apanA vyaktitva naSTa nahIM hotA, pratyeka apanA vikAsa karanemeM svatantra rahate haiM / unhIMkI cetanA vikasita hokara kIr3A-makor3A, pazu-pakSI, manuSyadeva Adi vividha vikAsako zreNiyoMpara pahu~ca jAtI hai| vahI karmabandhana kATakara siddha bhI ho jAtI hai| sArAMza yaha ki pratyeka saMsArI jIva aura pudgalANumeM sabhI sambhAvya dravyapariNamana sAkSAt yA paramparAse sAmagrIko upasthitimeM hote rahate haiN| ye kadAcit samAna hote haiM aura kadAcit asamAna / asamAnatAkA artha 1. "sAhAraNamAhAro sAhAraNamANapANagahaNaM ca / sAhAsNajIvANaM sAhAraNalakSaNaM bhaNiyaM // " -gommaTasAra jI0 gA0 191 /
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________________ lokavyavasthA 79 itanI asamAnatA nahIM hai ki eka dravyake pariNamana dUsare sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyarUpa ho jaoNya aura apanI paryAyaparamparAkI dhArAko lAMgha jA~ya / unheM apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamana karanA hI hogaa| kisI bhI kSaNa ve pariNAmazUnya nahIM ho sakate / "tabhAvaH pariNAmaH" [tattvArthasUtra 5 / 42] / usa sat kA usI rUpameM honA, apanI sImAko nahIM lAMgha kara hote rahanA, pratikSaNa paryAyarUpase pravahamAna honA hI pariNAma hai| na vaha upaniSadvAdiyoMkI taraha kUTastha nitya hai aura na bauddhake dIpanirvANavAdI pakSakI taraha ucchinna honevAlA hI / saca pUchA jAya to buddhane jina do antoM (choroM) se Darakara AtmAkA azAzvata aura anucchinna isa ubhaya pratiSedhake sahAre kathana kiyA yA use avyAkRta kahA aura jisa avyAkRtatAke kAraNa nirvANake sambandhameM santAnocchedakA eka pakSa utpanna huA, usa sarvathA ubhaya antakA tAttvika dRSTise vivecana anekAntadraSTA bha0 mahAvIrane kiyA aura batAyA ki pratyeka vastu apane 'sat' rUpako trikAlameM nahIM chor3atI, isalie dhArAkI dRSTise vaha zAzvata hai, aura cU~ki pratikSaNakI paryAya ucchinna hotI jAtI hai, ataH ucchinna bhI hai| vaha na to saMsati-viccheda rUpase ucchinna hI hai aura na sadA avikArI kUTasthake arthameM zAzvata ho| vizvakI racanA yA pariNamanake sambandhameM prAcInakAlase hI aneka pakSa dekhe jAte haiN| zvetAzvataropaniSat' meM aise hI aneka vicAroMkA nirdeza kiyA hai / vahA~ prazna hai ki 'vizvakA kyA kAraNa hai ? kahA~se hama saba utpanna hue haiM ? kisake balapara hama saba jIvita hai ? kahA~ hama sthita haiM ? apane sukha aura duHkhameM kisake AdhIna hokara vartate haiM ?' uttara diyA hai ki 'kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA (icchAnusAra-aTakalapaccU), pRthivyA 1. "kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyam / saMyoga eSAM na svAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH mukhaduHkhahetoH ||"-shvetaa0 112 /
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________________ jainadarzana dibhUta aura puruSa ye jagatke kAraNa haiM, yaha cintanIya hai| ina sabakA saMyoga bhI kAraNa nahIM hai / sukha-duHkhakA hetu honese AtmA bhI jagatko utpanna karanemeM asamartha hai| kAlavAda : isa praznottarameM jina kAlAdivAdoMkA ullekha hai ve mata Aja bhI vividha rUpameM vartamAna haiN| mahAbhAratameM ( Adiparva 11272-276 ) kAlavAdiyoMkA vistRta varNana hai / usameM batAyA hai ki jagatke samasta bhAva aura abhAva tathA sukha aura duHkha kAlamUlaka haiM / kAla hI samasta bhUtoMkI sRSTi karatA hai, saMhAra karatA hai aura pralayako prApta prajAkA zamana karatA hai / saMsArake samasta zubha azubha vikAroMkA kAla hI utpAdaka hai / kAla hI prajAoMkA saMkoca aura vistAra karatA hai| saba so jA~ya para kAla jAgrata rahatA hai / sabhI bhUtoMkA vahI cAlaka hai| atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna yAvat bhAvavikAroMkA kAla hI kAraNa hai| isa taraha yaha duratikrama mahAkAla jagatkA AdikAraNa hai| parantu eka akhaMDa nitya aura niraMza kAla paraspara virodhI anantapariNamanoMkA kramase kAraNa kaise ho sakatA hai ? kAlarUpI samartha kAraNake sadA rahate hue bhI amuka kArya kadAcit ho, kadAcit nahIM, yaha niyata vyavasthA kaise saMbhava ho sakatI hai ? phira kAla acetana hai, usameM niyAmakatA svayaM saMbhava nahIM ho sakatI / jahA~ taka kAlakA svabhAvase parivartana karanevAle yAvat padArthoMmeM sAdhAraNa udAsIna kAraNa honA hai vahA~ taka kadAcita vaha udAsIna nimitta bana bhI jAya, para preraka nimitta aura ekamAtra nimitta to nahIM ho sktaa| yaha niyata kAryakAraNabhAvake sarvathA pratikUla hai / kAlako samAnahetutA honepara bhI miTTIse hI ghar3A utpanna ho 1. "kAla: sRjati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgarti kAlo hi duratikramaH // " -mahAbhA0 11248
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________________ lokavyavasthA aura taMtuse hI paTa, yaha pratiniyata lokavyavasthA nahIM jama sakatI / ataH pratiniyata kAryoMkI utpattike liye pratiniyata upAdAna tathA sabake svatantra kAryakAraNabhAva svIkAra karanA cAhiye / svabhAvavAda: svabhAvavAdIkA kahanA hai ki kAMToMkA nukIlApana, mRga aura pakSiyoMke citra-vicitra raMga, haMsakA zuklavarNa honA, zukoMkA harApana aura mayUrakA citra-vicitra varNakA honA Adi saba svabhAvase hai / sRSTikA niyantraka koI nahIM hai / isa jagatkI vicitratAkA koI dRSTa hetu upalabdha nahIM hotA, ataH yaha mava svAbhAvika hai, nirhetuka hai| isameM kisIkA yatna kArya nahIM karatA, kimIkI icchAke adhIna yaha nahIM hai / ima nAdameM jahA~ taka kimI eka loka-niyantAke niyantraNakA virodha hai vahA~ taka usakI yuktimiddhatA hai / para yadi svabhAvavAdakA artha ahetukavAda hai, to yaha sarvathA bAdhita hai, kyoMki jagatmeM ananta kAryoMkI ananta kAraNamAmagrI pratiniyata rUpase upalabdha hotI hai| pratyeka padArthakA apane saMbhava kAryoMke karanekA svabhAva hone para bhI usakA vikAsa binA sAmagrIke nahIM ho sakatA / miTTIke piMDameM bar3eko utpanna karanekA svabhAva vidyamAna honepara bhI usakI utpatti daMDa, cakra, kumhAra Adi pUrNa sAmagrIke honepara hI ho sakatI hai| kamalakI utpatti kIcar3ase hotI hai; ataH paMka Adi sAmagrIkI kamalakI sugandha aura usake manohara rUpake prati hetRtA svayaM siddha hai, unameM svabhAvako hI mukhyatA denA ucita nahIM hai / yaha ThIka hai ki kisAnakA puruSArtha kheta jotakara bIja bo dene taka 1. "uktaM ca "kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH // "
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________________ 82 jainadarzana hai, Age komala aMkurakA nikalanA tathA usase kramaza: vRkSake bana jAne rUpa asaMkhya kAryaparamparAmeM usakA sAkSAt kAraNatva nahIM hai, parantu yadi usakA utanA bhI prathama - prayatna nahIM hotA, to bIjakA vaha vRkSa bananekA svabhAva bore meM par3A par3A sar3a jAtA / ataH pratiniyita kAryoM meM yathAsaMbhava puruSakA prayatna bhI kArya karatA hai / sAdhAraNa ruI kapAsake bIjase sapheda raMga utpanna hotI hai / para yadi kuzala kisAna lAkhake raMgase kapAsake bIjoMko raMga detA hai to usase raMgIna ruI bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai / Aja vaijJAnikoMne vibhinna prANiyoMkI naslapara aneka prayoga karake unake raMga, svabhAva, U~cAI aura vajana AdimeM vividha prakArakA vikAsa kiyA hai / ataH "na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH ?" jaise nirAzAvAdase svabhAvavAdakA Alambana lenA ucita nahIM hai| hA~, sakala jagatke eka niyantAkI icchA aura prayatnakA yadi isa svabhAvavAdase virodha kiyA jAtA haiM to usake pariNAmase sahamati honepara bhI prakriyAmeM antara hai / anvaya aura vyaktirekake dvArA asaMkhya kAryoMke asaMkhya kAryakAraNabhAva nizcita hote haiM aura apanI-apanI kAraNa - sAmagrIse asaMkhya kArya vibhinna vicitratAoMse yukta hokara utpanna hote aura naSTa hote haiM / ataH svabhAvaniyatatA honepara bhI kAraNasAmagrI aura jagatake niyata kAryakAraNabhAvakI orase A~kha nahIM mU~dI jA sakatI / niyativAda : niyativAdiyoMkA kahanA haiM ki jisakA, jisa samayameM, jahA~, jo honA hai vaha hotA hI hai / tIkSNa zastraghAta honepara bhI yadi maraNa nahIM honA hai to vyakti jIvita hI baca jAtA hai aura jaba maranekI ghar3I A jAtI hai taba binA kisI kAraNa ke hI jIvanakI ghar3I banda ho jAtI hai / " prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vA /
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________________ lokavyavasthA bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi prayatne nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti naashH||" arthAt-manuSyoMko niyatike kAraNa jo bhI zubha aura azubha prApta honA hai vaha avazya hI hogaa| prANI kitanA bhI prayatna kara le, para jo nahIM honA hai vaha nahIM hI hogA, aura jo honA hai use koI roka nahIM sktaa| saba jIvoMkA saba kucha niyata hai, vaha apanI gatise hogA hii| majjhimanikAya ( 2 / 3 / 6 / ) tathA buddhacaryA ( sAmaJjaphalasutta pR0 462-63 ) meM akarmaNyatAvAdI makkhali gozAlake niyaticakrakA isa prakAra varNana milatA hai-"prANiyoMke klezake liye koI hetu nahIM, pratyaya nahIM / binA hetu, binA pratyaya hI prANI kleza pAte haiN| prANiyoMkI zuddhikA koI hetu nahIM, pratyaya nahIM hai| binA pratyaya hI prANI vizuddha hote haiM / na AtmakAra hai, na parakAra hai, na puruSakAra hai, na bala hai, na vIrya hai, na puruSakA parAkrama hai / sabhI sattva, sabhI prANI, sabhI bhUta. sabhI jIva avaza hai, bala-vIrya-rahita haiN| niyatise nirmita avasthAmeM paraNata hokara chaha hI abhijAtiyoMmeM sukha-duHkha anubhava karate haiN| vahA~ yaha nahIM hai ki isa zIla-vratase, isa tapa-brahmacaryase maiM aparipakva karmako paripakva karUMgA, paripakva karmako bhogakara anta kruuNgaa| sukha aura duHkha droNase nape hue haiM / saMsArameM ghaTanA-bar3hanA, utkarSa-apakarSa nahIM hotaa| jaise ki sUtakI golI pheMkane para khulatI huI gira par3atI hai, vaise hI mUrkha aura 1. uddhRta-sUtrakRtAGgaTIkA 11 / 2 / -lokatattva a0 29 / 2. "tathA coktam "niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yat / tato niyatijA yete tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH // yadyadaiva yato yAvat tattadeva ttstthaa| niyataM jAyate nyAyAt ka enAM bAdhitu kSamaH // " -nandosU0 ttii0|
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________________ 84 jainadarzana paMDita daur3akara AvAgamaname par3akara dukhakA anta kareMge / " ( darzanadigdarzana pR0 488-89 ) / bhagavatIsUtra ( 15 vaoN zataka ) me bhI gozAlakako niyativAdI hI batAyA hai / isI niyativAdakA rUpa Aja bhI 'jo honA hai vaha hogA hI isa bhavitavyatAke rUpame gaharAIke sAtha pracalita hai / . niyativAdakA eka AdhyAtmika rUpa aura nikalA hai / isake anusAra pratyeka dravyako pratisamayakI paryAya sunizcita hai / jisa samaya jo paryAya honI hai vaha apane niyata svabhAvake kAraNa hogI ho, usame prayatna nirarthaka hai / upAdAnazakti se ho vaha paryAya prakaTa ho jAtI hai, vahA~ nimittakI upasthiti svayameva hotI hai, usake milAnekI AvazyakatA nahI / inake matase peTrolase moTara nahI calatI, kintu moTarako calanA hI hai aura peTrolako jalanA hI hai / aura yaha saba pracArita ho rahA hai dravyake zuddha svabhAvake nAmapara / isake bhItara bhUmikA yaha jamAI jAtI hai ki eka dravya dUsare dravyakA kucha nahI kara sakatA saba apane Apa niyaticakravaza pariNamana karate hai / jisako jahA~ jisa rUpame nimitta bananA hai usa samaya usakI vahA~ upasthiti ho hI jAyagI / isa niyativAdase padArthoke svabhAva aura pariNamanakA Azraya lekara bhI unakA pratikSaNakA anantakAla takakA kAryakrama banA diyA gayA hai, jisapara calaneko hara padArtha bAdhya hai / kisIko kucha nayA karanekA nahI hai / isa taraha niyativAdiyoke vividha rUpa vibhinna samayome hue hai / inhone sadA puruSArthako reDa mArI hai aura manuSyako bhAgyake cakkarame DAlA hai / kintu jaba hama dravyake svarUpa aura usakI upAdAna aura nimittamUlaka kAryakAraNavyavasthApara dhyAna dete hai to isakA khokhalApana prakaTa ho 1. dekho, zrIkAnajIsvAmI likhita 'vastuvijJAnasAra' Adi pustake |
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________________ lokavyavasthA 85 jAtA hai / jagat meM samagra bhAvase kucha bAteM niyata haiM, jinakA ullaMghana koI nahIM kara sakatA / yathA1. yaha niyata hai ki jagatmeM jinane sat hai, unameM koI nayA 'sat' utpanna nahIM ho sakatA aura na maujUdA 'sat' kA samUla vinAza hI ho sakatA hai / ve sat haiM - ananta cetana, ananta pudgalANu, eka AkAza, eka dharmadravya, eka adharmadravya aura asaMkhya kAladravya / inakI saMkhyA meM na to ekakI vRddhi ho sakatI hai aura na ekakI hAni hI / anAdikAla se itane hI dravya the, haiM aura anantakAla taka raheMge / 2. pratyeka dravya apane nija svamAvake kAraNa purAnI paryAyako chor3atA hai, naIko grahaNa karatA hai aura apane pravAhI sattvakI anuvRtti rakhatA hai / cAhe vaha zuddha ho yA azuddha, isa parivartanacakrase achUtA nahIM raha sakatA / koI bhI kisI bhI padArthake utpAda aura vyayarUpa isa parivartanako roka nahIM sakatA ora na itanA vilakSaNa pariNamana hI karA sakatA hai ki vaha apane sattvako hI samApta kara de aura sarvathA ucchinna ho jAya ! 3. koI bhI dravya kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyAntararUpase pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA / eka cetana na to acetana ho sakatA hai aura na cetanAntara hI / vaha cetana 'taccetana' hI rahegA aura vaha acetana ' tadacetana' hI / 4; jisa prakAra do yA aneka acetana pudgalaparamANu milakara eka saMyukta samAna skandharUpa paryAya utpanna kara lete haiM usa taraha do cetana milakara saMyukta paryAya utpanna nahIM kara sakate, pratyeka cetanakA madA svatantra pariNamana rahegA / 5. pratyeka dravyakI apano mUla dravyazaktiyA~ aura yogyatAe~ samAnarUpase sunizcita hai, unameM heraphera nahIM ho sakatA / koI naI zakti kAraNAntarase aisI nahIM A sakatI, jisakA astitva dravyameM na ho / isI taraha koI vidyamAna zakti sarvathA vinaSTa nahIM ho sakatI /
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________________ jainadarzana 6. dravyagata zaktiyoMke samAna honepara bhI amuka cetana yA acetanameM sthUlaparyAya-sambandhI amuka yogyatAeM bhI niyata hai| unameM jisako sAmagrI mila jAtI hai usakA vikAsa ho jAtA hai| jaise ki pratyeka pudgalANumeM pudgalakI sabhI dravyayogyatAe~ rahanepara bhI miTTIke pudgala hI sAkSAt ghar3A bana sakate hai, kaMkar3oMke pudgala nahIM; tantuke pudgala hI sAkSAt kapar3A bana sakate hai, miTTake pudgala nhiiN| yadyapi ghar3A aura kapar3A donoM hI pudgalako paryAe~ hai| hA~, kAlAntarameM paramparAse badalate hue miTTIke pudgala bhI kapar3A bana sakate hai aura tantuke pudgala bhI ghdd'aa| tAtparya yaha kisaMsArI jIva aura pudgaloMkI mUlataH samAna zakyiA hone para bhI amuka sthUla paryAyameM amuka zaktiyAM ho sAkSAt vikasita ho sakatI haiM / zeSa zaktiyA~ bAhya sAmagrI milanepara bhI tatkAla vikasita nahIM ho sktiiN| 7. yaha niyata hai ki usa dravyako usa sthUla paryAyameM jitanI paryAyayogyatAeM hai unamese hI jisa-jisakI anukUla sAmagrI milatI hai usausakA vikAsa hotA hai, zeSa paryAyayogyatAe~ dravyako mUlayogyatAoMkI taraha sadbhAvameM hI rahatI hai| 8. yaha bhI niyata hai ki agale kSaNameM jisa prakArakI sAmagrI upasthita hogI, dravyakA pariNamana usase prabhAvita hogaa| sAmagrIke antargata jo bhI dravya hai, unake pariNamana bhI isa dravyase prabhAvita hoMge / jaise ki oNksijanake paramANuko yadi haoNiDrojanakA nimitta nahIM milatA to vaha oNksijanake rUpameM hI paraNita raha jAtA hai, para yadi haoNiDrojanakA nimitta mila jAtA hai to donoMkA hI jalarUpase parivartana ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki pudgala aura saMsArI jIvoMke pariNamana apanI tatkAlIna sAmagrIke anusAra paraspara prabhAvita hote rahate hai / kintu kevala yahI anizcita hai ki 'agale kSaNameM kisakA kyA pariNAma hogA? kauna-sI paryAya vikAsako prApta hogI? yA kisa prakArako sAmagrI upasthita hogI ?' yaha to paristhiti aura yogAyogake Upara nirbhara karatA
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________________ lokavyavasthA 87 hai / jaisI sAmagrI upasthita hogI usake anusAra paraspara prabhAvita hokara tAtkAlika pariNamana hote jAyeMge / jaise eka miTTIkA piMDa hai, usame ghar3A, sakorA, pyAlA Adi aneka pariNamanoMke vikAsakA avasara hai / aba kumhArakI icchA, prayatna zraura cakra Adi jaisI sAmagrI milatI hai usake anusAra amuka paryAya prakaTa ho jAtI hai / usa samaya na kevala miTTIke piMDakA hI pariNamana hogA, kintu cakra aura kumhArakI bhI usa sAmagrIke anusAra paryAya utpanna hogI / padArthoMke kAryakAraNabhAva niyata hai / 'amuka kAraNasAmagrIke honepara amuka kArya utpanna hotA hai' isa prakArake ananta kAryakAraNabhAva upAdAna aura nimittakI yogyatAnusAra nizcita hai / unakI zaktike anusAra unameM tAratamya bhI hotA rahatA hai / jaise gIle IMdhana aura agni saMyogase dhuMA hotA hai, yaha eka sAdhAraNa kAryakAraNabhAva hai / aba gIle IMdhana aura agnikI jitanI zakti hogI usake anusAra usameM pracuratA yA nyUnatA - kamovezI ho sakatI hai / koI manuSya baiThA huA hai, usake mana meM koI-na-koI vicAra pratikSaNa AnA hI cAhiye / aba yadi vaha sinemA dekhane calA jAtA hai to tadanusAra usakA mAnasa pravRtta hogA aura yadi sAdhuke satsaMgame baiTha jAtA hai to dUsare hI bhavya bhAva usake manameM utpanna hoMge / tAtparya yaha ki pratyeka pariNamana apanI tatkAlIna upAdAnayogyatA aura sAmagrIke anusAra vikasita hote hai / yaha samajhanA ki 'sabakA bhaviSya sunizcita hai aura usa sunizcita anantakAlIna kAryakramapara sArA jagat cala rahA hai mahAn bhrama hai / isa prakArakA niyativAda na kevala karttavyabhraSTa hI karatA hai apitu puruSake ananta bala, vIrya, parAkrama, utthAna aura pauruSako hI samApta kara detA hai / jaba jagatke pratyeka padArthakA anantakAlIna kAryakrama nizcita hai aura saba apanI niyatikI paTarI - para Dhar3akate jA rahe hai, taba zAstropadeza, zikSA, dIkSA aura unnatike upadeza tathA preraNAe~ bekAra hai / isa niyativAdameM kyA sadAcAra aura kyA durAcAra ? strI aura puruSakA usa samaya vaisA saMyoga honA hI thA / jisane 1
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________________ 88 jainadarzana jisakI hatyA kI usakA usake hAthase vaisA honA hI thA / jise hatyAke aparAdha meM pakar3A jAtA hai, vaha bhI jaba niyatake paravaza thA taba usakA svAtaMtrya kahA~ hai, jisase use hatyAkA karttA kahA jAya ? yadi vaha yaha cAhatA ki 'maiM hatyA na karU~ aura na kara sakatA' to ho usakI svatantratA kahI jA sakatI hai, para usake cAhane na cAhanekA prazna hI nahIM hai / A0 kundakundakA akartRtvavAda : AcArya kundakundane 'samayasAra' meM' likhA hai ki 'koI dravya dUsare dravya meM koI guNotpAda nahIM kara sakatA / eka dravya dUsare dravyameM kucha nayA utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / isalie sabhI dravya apane-apane svabhAvake anusAra utpanna hote rahate haiN|' isa svabhAvakA varNana karanevAlI gAthAko kucha vidvAn niyativAdake samarthanameM lagAte / para isa gAthAmeM sIdhI bAta to yahI batAI hai ki koI dravya dUsare dravyameM ke I nayA guNa nahIM lA sakatA, jo AyagA vaha upAdAsa yogyatAke anusAra hI AyagA / koI bhI nimitta upAdAnadravyameM asadbhUta zaktikA utpAdaka nahIM ho sakatA, vaha to kevala sadbhUta zaktikA saMskAraka yA vikAsaka hai / isIlie gAthAke dvitIyArdha meM spaSTa likhA hai ki 'pratyeka dravya apane svabhAva ke anusAra utpanna hote haiM / ' pratyeka dravyameM tatkAlameM bhI vikasita honevAle aneka svabhAva aura zaktiyA~ haiM / unameMse amuka svabhAvakA prakaTa honA yA pariNamana honA tatkAlIna sAmagrI ke Upara nirbhara karatA hai / bhaviSya anizcita hai / kucha sthUla kAryakAraNabhAva banAye jA sakate haiM, para kAraNakA avazya hI kArya utpanna karanA sAmagrIkI samagratA aura avikalatApara nirbhara hai / nAvazya kAraNAni kAryanti bhavanti" -- kAraNa avazya hI kAryavAle hoM, 66i 1. dekho, gAthA pR0 82 para / 2. nyAyavi 0 TIkA 2249 /
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________________ lokavyavasthA yaha niyama nahIM hai| para ve kAraNa avazya hI kAryako utpanna kareMge, jinakI samagratA aura nirbAdhatAkI gAraMTI ho| AcArya kundakundane jahA~ pratyeka padArthake svabhAvAnusAra pariNamanakI carcA kI hai vahAM dravyoMke paraspara nimitta-naimittikabhAvako bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha parAkartRtva nimittake ahaMkArako nivRttike liye hai| koI nimitta itanA ahaMkArI na ho jAya ki vaha samajha baiThe ki maiMne isa dravyakA saba kucha kara diyA hai / vastutaH nayA kucha huA nahIM, jo umameM thA, usakA hI eka aMza prakaTa huA hai / jIva aura karmapudgalake paraspara nimittanaimittikabhAvakI carcA karate hue A0 kundakundane svayaM likhA hai ki "jIvapariNAmahehU~ kammattaM puggalA pariNamaMti / puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvo vi pariNamadi / Na vi kumvadi kammaguNe jIvo kammaM taheva jiivgunne| aNNoNNaNimittaM tu kattA AdA saeNa bhAveNa / / puggalakammakadANaM Na du kattA savvabhAvANaM / / " -samayamAra gA0 86-88 / arthAt jIvake bhAvoMke nimittase pudgaloMkI karmarUpa paryAya hotI hai aura pudgalakarmoke nimittase jIva rAgAdirUpase pariNamana karatA hai / itanA vizeSa hai ki jIva upAdAna banakara pudgalake guNarUpase pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA aura na pudgala upAdAna banakara jIvake guNarUpase pariNata ho sakatA hai / kevala paraspara nimittanaimittika sambandhake anusAra donoMkA pariNamana hotA hai / ataH AtmA upAdAnadRSTise apane bhAvoMkA kartA hai, vaha pudgalakarmake jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakarmarUpa pariNamanakA kartA nahIM hai| isa spaSTa kathanakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki paraspara nimittanaimittikabhAva honepara bhI hara dravya apane guNa-paryAyoMkA hI kartA ho sakatA hai / adhyAtmameM kartRtva-vyavahAra upAdAnamUlaka hai / adhyAtma aura vyavahA
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________________ jainadarzana kA yahI mUlabhUta antara hai ki adhyAtmakSetrameM padArthoke mUla svarUpa aura zaktiyoMkA vicAra hotA hai tathA usIke AdhArase nirUpaNa hotA hai jaba ki vyavahAra meM paranimittakI pradhAnatAse kathana kiyA jAtA hai / ' kumhArane ghar3A banAyA' yaha vyavahAra nimittamUlaka hai, kyoMki 'ghar3A' paryAya kumhArakI nahIM hai kintu una paramANuoMkI hai jo ghar3eke rUpameM pariNata hue haiM / kumhArane ghar3A banAte samaya bhI apane yoga - halana calana aura upayogarUpase hI pariNati kI hai / usakA sannidhAna pAkara miTTIke paramANuoMne ghaTa paryAyarUpase pariNati kara lI hai| isa taraha hara dravya apane pariNamanakA svayaM upAdAnamUlaka karttA hai / A0 kundakundane isa taraha nimittamUlaka kartta tvavyavahArako adhyAtmakSetra meM nahIM mAnA hai / para svakartRtva to unheM hara taraha iSTa hai hI, aura usIkA samarthana aura vivecana unane vizada rItise kiyA hai / parantu isa niyativAdameM to svakartRtva hI nahIM hai / hara dravyakI pratikSaNakI ananta bhaviSyatkAlIna paryAyeM krama - kramase sunizcita haiM / vaha unakI dhArAko nahIM badala sakatA / vaha kevala niyatipizAcinIkA krIDAsthala hai aura usIke yantra se anantakAla taka paricAlita rahegA / agale kSaNako vaha asatse sat yA tamase prakAzakI ora le jAnemeM apane utthAna, bala, vIrya, parAkrama yA pauruSakA kucha bhI upayoga nahIM kara sakatA / jaba vaha apane bhAvoMko hI nahIM badala sakatA, taba svakartRtva kahA~ rahA ? tathya yaha hai ki bhaviSya ke pratyeka kSaNakA amuka rUpameM honA anizcita hai / mAtra itanA nizcita hai ki kucha-na-kucha hogA avazya / dravyazabda svayaM 'bhavya' hone yogya, yogyatA aura zaktikA vAcaka hai / dravya usa pighale hue momake samAna hai, jise kisI-na-kisI sA~cemeM DhalanA hai / yaha nizcita nahIM hai ki vaha kisa sAMce meM DhalegA / jo AtmAe~ abuddha aura puruSArthahIna haiM unake sambandha meM kadAcit bhaviSyavANI kI bhI jA sakatI ho ki agale kSaNameM inakA yaha pariNamana hogA / para sAmagrIkI pUrNatA aura prakRtipara vijaya karaneko dRr3hapratijJa AtmAke
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________________ lokavyavasthA sambandhameM koI bhaviSya kahanA asaMbhava hai / kAraNa ki bhaviSya svayaM anizcita hai| vaha jaisA cAhe vaisA eka sImA taka banAyA jA sakatA hai / pratisamaya vikasita honeke liye saikar3oM yogyatAyeM haiN| jinakI sAmagrI jaba jisa rUpameM mila jAtI hai yA milAI jAtI hai ve yogyatAe~ kAryarUpameM pariNata ho jAtI haiN| yadyapi AtmAko saMsArI avasthAmeM nitAnta paratantra sthiti hai aura vaha eka prakArase yantrArUDhakI taraha pariNamana karatA jAtA hai / phira bhI usa dravyakI nija sAmarthya yaha hai ki vaha ruke aura soce, tathA apane mArgako svayaM mor3akara use naI dizA de| atIta kAryake balapara Apa niyatiko jitanA cAhe kudAie, para bhaviSyake sambandhameM usakI sImA hai| koI bhayaMkara aniSTa yadi ho jAtA hai to santoSake liye 'jo honA thA so huA' isa prakAra niyatikI saMjIvanI ucita kArya karatI bhI hai| jo kArya jaba ho cukA use niyata kahane meM koI zAbdika aura Arthika virodha nahIM hai| kintu bhaviSyake liye niyata ( done ) kahanA arthaviruddha to hai hI, zabdaviruddha bhI hai / bhaviSya ( to be ) to niyaMsyat yA niyaMsyamAna ( will be done ) hogA na ki niyata ( done ) / atItako niyata ( done ) kahiye, vartamAnako niyamyamAna ( being ) aura bhaviSyako niyaMsyat ( will be done ) / adhyAtmakI akartRtva bhAvanAkA bhAvanIya artha yaha hai ki nimittabhUta vyaktiko anucita ahaMkAra utpanna na ho| eka adhyApaka kakSAmeM aneka kSAtroMko par3hAtA hai| adhyApakake zabda saba chAtroMke kAnameM TakarAte haiM, para vikAsa eka chAtrakA prathama zreNIkA, dUsarekA dvitIya zreNIkA tathA tIsarekA tRtIya zreNIkA hotA hai| ataH adhyApaka yadi nimitta honeke kAraNa yaha ahaMkAra kare ki maiMne isa lar3akemeM jJAna utpanna kara diyA, to vaha eka aMzameM vyartha hI hai; kyoMki yadi adhyApakake zabdoMmeM jJAnake utpanna karanekI kSamatA thI, to sabameM eka-sA jJAna kyoM nahIM huA ? aura zabda to divAloMmeM bhI TakarAye hoMge, unameM jJAna kyoM
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________________ 92 jainadarzana nahIM utpanna huA ? ataH guruko 'kartRtva' kA durahaMkAra utpanna na honeke lie usa akartRtva bhAvanAkA upayoga hai / isa akartRtvako sImA parAkartRtva hai, svAkartRtva nahIM / para niyativAda to svakartRtvako hI samApta kara detA hai; kyoMki isameM saba kucha niyata hai / puNya aura pApa kyA ? : jaba pratyeka jIvakA pratisamayakA kAryakrama nizcita hai arthAt parakartRtva to hai hI nahIM, sAtha hI svakartRtva bhI nahIM hai taba kyA puNya aura kyA pApa ? kyA sadAcAra aura kyA durAcAra ? jaba pratyeka ghaTanA pUrvanizcita yojanAke anusAra ghaTa rahI hai taba kisIko kyA doSa diyA jAya ? kisI strIkA zIla bhraSTa huA / isame jo strI, puruSa aura zayyA Adi dravya saMbaddha hai, jaba sabakI paryAyeM niyata hai taba puruSako kyoM pakar3A jAya ? strIkA pariNamana vaisA honA thA, puruSakA vaisA aura vistarakA bhI vaisA / jaba sabake niyata pariNamanoMkA niyata melarUpa durAcAra bhI niyata hI thA, taba kisIko durAcArI yA guNDA kyoM kahA jAya ? yadi pratyeka dravyakA bhaviSya ke pratyeka kSaNakA anantakAlIna kAryakrama niyata hai, bhale hI vaha hame mAlUma na ho, taba isa nitAnta paratantra sthitime vyaktikA svapurupArtha kahA~ rahA ? goDase hatyArA kyoM ? : nAthUrAma goDasene mahAtmAjIko golI mArI to kyoM nAthUrAmako hatyArA kahA jAya ? nAthUrAmakA usa samaya vaisA hI pariNamana honA thA, mahAtmAjIkA vaisA hI honA thA aura golI aura pistaulakA bhI vaisA hI pariNamana nizcita thA / arthAt hatyA nAmaka ghaTanA nAthUrAma, mahAtmAjI, pistaula aura golI Adi aneka padArthoke niyata kAryakramakA pariNAma hai / isa ghaTanA se sambaddha sabhI padArthoke pariNamana niyata the, saba paravaza the / yadi yaha kahA jAtA hai ki nAthUrAma mahAtmAjIke prANaviyogame nimitta
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________________ lokavyavasthA honese hatyArA hai; to mahAtmAjI nAthUrAmake golI calAne meM nimitta honese aparAdhI kyoM nahIM ? yadi niyatidAsa nAthUrAma doSI hai to niyati-paravaza mahAtmAjI kyoM nahIM ? hama to yaha kahate hai ki pistaulase golI nikalanI thI aura golIko chAtImeM chidanA thA, isalie nAthUrAma aura mahAtmAjIkI upasthiti huI / nAthUrAma to golI aura pistaulake usa avazyaMbhAvI pariNamanakA eka nimitta thA, jise niyaticakrake kAraNa vahA~ pahu~canA pdd'aa| jina padArthoM kI niyatikA pariNAma hatyA nAmakI ghaTanA hai, ve saba padArtha samAnarUpase niyatiyantrase niyantrita ho jaba usameM juTe hai, taba unameMse kyoM mAtra nAthUrAmako pakar3A jAtA hai ? itanA hI nahIM, hama sabako usa dina aisI khabara sunanI thI aura zrI AtmAcaraNako jaja bananA thA, isaliye yaha saba huaa| ataH hama saba aura AtmAcaraNa bhI usa ghaTanAke niyata nimitta haiN| ataH isa niyativAdameM na koI puNya hai, na pApa, na sadAcAra aura na durAcAra / jaba katatva hI nahIM, taba kyA sadAcAra aura kyA durAcAra ? goDaseko niyativAdake nAmapara hI apanA bacAva karanA cAhiye thA aura jajako hI pakar3anA cAhiye thA ki 'cUMki tumheM hamAre mukaddamekA jaja bananA thA, isaliye yaha sava niyaticakra ghUmA aura hama saba usameM phNse|' aura yadi sabako bacAnA hai, to pistaulake bhaviSya para saba doSa thopA jA sakatA hai ki 'na pistaulakA usa samaya vaisA pariNamana honA hotA, to na vaha goDaseke hAthameM AtI aura na gA~dhIjIkI chAtI chidtii| sArA doSa pistaulake niyata pariNamanakA hai / ' tAtparya yaha ki isa niyativAdameM saba mApha hai, vyabhicAra, corI dagAbAjI aura hatyA Adi saba kucha una-una padArthoke niyata pariNAma hai, isameM vyaktivizeSakA koI doSa nhiiN| eka hI prazna : eka hI uttara: isa niyativAdameM eka hI prazna hai aura eka hI uttara / 'aisA kyoM huA', 'aisA honA hI thA' isa prakArakA eka hI prazna aura eka hI uttara
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________________ jainadarzana hai| zikSA, dokSA, saMskAra, prayatna aura puruSArtha, sabakA uttara bhvitvytaa| na koI tarka hai, na koI puruSArtha aura na koI buddhi / agnise dhuMA kyoM huA? aisA honA hI thaa| phira gIlA iMdhana na rahane para dhuMA kyoM nahIM huA ? aisA hI honA thaa| jagatmeM padArthoMke saMyogaviyogase vijJAnasammata ananta kAryakAraNabhAva haiM / apanI upAdAna-yogyatA aura nimitta-sAmagrIke saMtulanameM paraspara prabhAvita, aprabhAvita yA ardhaprabhAvita kArya utpanna hote haiN| ve eka dUsareke pariNamanake nimitta bhI banate haiM / jaise eka ghar3A utpanna ho rahA hai / isameM miTTI, kumhAra, cakra, cIvara Adi aneka dravya kAraNasAmagrImeM sammilita haiN| usa samaya na kevala ghar3A hI utpanna huA hai kintu kumhArakI bhI koI paryAya, cakrakI amuka paryAya aura cIvarako bhI amuka paryAya utpanna huI hai| ataH usa samaya utpanna honevAlI aneka paryAyoMmeM apane-apane dravya upAdAna haiM aura bAkI eka dUsareke prati nimitta haiN| isI taraha jagatmeM jo ananta kArya utpanna ho raheM unameM tattat dravya, jo pariNamana karate haiM, upAdAna banate haiM aura zeSa nimitta hote haiM-koI sAkSAt aura koI paramparAse, koI preraka aura koI apreraka, koI prabhAvaka aura koI aprbhaavk| yaha to yogAyogakI bAta hai| jisa prakArako bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNasAmagrI juTa jAtI hai vaisA hI kArya ho jAtA hai / A0 samantabhadrane likhA hai"bAhyetaropAdhisamagrateyaM kAryeSu te dravyagataH svbhaavH|" -bRhatsva0 zlo0 60 / arthAt kAryotpattike lie bAhya aura Abhyantara-nimitta aura upAdAna donoM kAraNoMkI samagratA-pUrNatA hI dravyagata nija svabhAva hai| aisI sthitimeM niyativAdakA Azraya lekara bhaviSyake sambandhameM koI nizcita bAta kahanA anubhavasiddha kAryakAraNabhAvakI vyavasthAke sarvathA viparIta hai / yaha ThIka hai ki niyata kAraNase niyata kAryako utpatti hotI
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________________ lokavyavasthA hai aura isa prakArake niyatatvameM koI parivartana nahIM ho sktaa| para isa kAryakAraNabhAvakI pradhAnatA svIkAra karanepara niyativAda apane niyatarUpameM nahIM raha sktaa| kAraNa hetu : __ jainadarzanameM kAraNako bhI hetu mAnakara usake dvArA abinAbhAvI kAryakA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai| arthAt kAraNako dekhakara kAryakAraNabhAvakI niyatatAke balapara usase utpanna honevAle kAryakA bhI jJAna karanA anumAnaprANAlImeM svIkRta hai| hAM, usake sAtha do zarte lagI hai-'yadi kAraNasAmagrIko pUrNatA ho aura koI pratibandhaka kAraNa na AveM, to avazya hI kAraNa kAryako utpanna kregaa|' yadi samasta padArthokA saba kucha niyata ho to kisI niyata kAraNase niyata kAryakI utpattikA udAharaNa bhI diyA jA sakatA thA; para sAmAnyatayA kAraNasAmagrIkI pUrNatA aura apratibandhakA bharosA isalie nahIM diyA jA sakatA ki bhaviSya sunizcita nahIM hai| isIliye isa bAtakI satarkatA rakhI jAtI hai ki kAraNasAmagrImeM koI bAdhA utpanna na ho| Ajake yantrayugameM yadyapi bar3e-bar3e yantra apane nizcita utpAdanake A~kar3oMkA khAnA pUrA kara dete hai para unake kAryakAlame bar3I sAvadhAnI aura satarkatA varatI jAtI hai| phira bhI kabhI-kabhI gar3abar3a ho jAtI hai / bAdhA AnekI aura sAmagrIkI nyUnatAko sambhAvanA jaba hai taba nizcita kAraNase nizcita kAryakI utpatti saMdigdhakoTimeM jA pahu~catI hai| tAtparya yaha ki puruSakA prayatna eka hadataka bhaviSyakI rekhAko bA~dhatA bhI hai, to bhI bhaviSya anumAnita aura sambhAvita hI rahatA hai / niyati eka bhAvanA hai| isa niyativAdakA upayoga kisI ghaTanAke ghaTa jAnepara sAMsa leneke liye aura manako samajhAneke lie tathA Age phira kamara kasakara taiyAra ho jAneke lie kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura loga karate mI hai, para itane mAtrase
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________________ 96 jainadarzana usake AdhArase vastuvyavasthA nahIM kI jA sakatI / vastuvyavasthA to vastuke vAstavika svarUpa aura pariNamanapara hI nirbhara karatI haiM / bhAvanAe~ cittake samAdhAna ke liye bhAyoM jAtI haiM aura unase vaha uddezya siddha ho bhI jAtA hai; para tattvavyavasthAke kSetrameM bhAvanAkA upayoga nahIM hai / vahA~ to vaijJAnika vizleSaNa aura tanmUlaka kAryakAraNabhAvakI paramparAkA hI kArya hai usIke balapara padArtha ke vAstavika svarUpakA nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / karmavAda : jagat ke pratyeka kAryameM karma kAraNa hai| Izvara bhI karmake anusAra hI phala detA hai | binA karma pattA bhI nahIM hilatA / yaha karmavAda hai, jo Izvarake Upara AnevAle viSamatAke doSako apane Upara le letA hai ora nirIzvaravAdiyoMkA Izvara bana baiThA hai / prANIkI pratyeka kriyA karmase hotI hai / jaisA jisane karma bA~dhA hai usake vipAkake anusAra vaisI-vaisI usako mati aura pariNati svayaM hotI jAtI hai / purAnA karma pakatA hai aura usIke anusAra nayA ba~dhatA jAtA hai / yaha karmakA cakkara anAdise hai / vaizeSikake' matase karma arthAt adRSTa jagat ke pratyeka aNu-paramANukI kriyAkA kAraNa hotA hai | binA adRSTake paramANu bhI nahIM hiltaa| agnikA jalanA, vAyukA calanA, aNu tathA manakI kriyA sabhI kucha upabhoktAoMke adRSTase hote haiM / eka kapar3A, jo amerikAmeM bana rahA hai, usake paramANuoMmeM kriyA bhI usa kapar3e pahananevAleke adRSTase hI huI hai / karmavAsanA, saMskAra aura adRSTa Adi AtmAmeM par3e hue saMskArako hI kahate haiM / hamAre mana, vacana aura kAyako pratyeka kriyA AtmApara eka saMskAra chor3atI hai jo dIrghakAla taka banA rahatA hai aura apane paripAka kAlameM phala detA hai / jaba yaha AtmA samasta saMskAroMse rahita ho vAsanAzUnya ho jAtA hai taba vaha mukta kahalAtA hai / eka bAra mukta ho jAneke bAda punaH karmasaMskAra AtmApara nahIM par3ate /
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________________ lokavyavasthA isa karmavAdakA mUla prayojana hai jagatkI dRzyamAna viSamatAkI samasyAko sulajhAnA / jagatko vicitratAkA samAdhAna karmake mAne binA ho nahIM sakatA / AtmA apane pUrvakRta yA ihakRta karmoMke anusAra vaise svabhAva aura paristhitiyoMkA nirmANa karatA hai, jisakA asara bahyasAmagrIpara bhI par3atA hai / usake anusAra usakA pariNamana hotA hai / yaha eka vicitra bAta hai ki pA~ca varSa pahale ke bane khilonoMmeM abhI utpanna bhI nahIM hue baccekA adRSTa kAraNa ho / yaha to kadAcit samajhameM bhI A jAya, ki kumhAra ghar3A banAtA hai aura use becakara vaha apanI AjIvikA calAtA hai, ataH usake nirmANa meM kumhArakA adRSTa kAraNa bhI ho, para usa vyaktike adRSTako ghar3ekI utpattimeM kAraNa mAnanA, jo use kharIda kara upayoga meM lAgA, na to yuktisiddha hI hai aura na anubhavagamya hI / phira jagat meM pratikSaNa ananta hI kArya aise utpanna aura naSTa ho rahe hai, jo kisIke upayogameM nahIM Ate / para bhautika sAmagrI ke AdhArase ve barAbara paraspara pariNata hote jAte hai / 29 kAryamA prati adRSTako kAraNa mAnaneke pIche yaha IzvaravAda chipA huA hai ki jagat ke pratyeka aNu - paramANuko kriyA IzvarakI preraNAse hotI hai, binA usako icchAke pattA bhI nahIM hilatA / aura saMsAra kI viSamatA aura nirdayatApUrNa paristhitiyoMke samAdhAnake lie prANiyoMke adRSTako Ar3a lenA, jaba Avazyaka ho gayA taba 'arthAt ' hI adRSTako janyamAtrakI kAraNakoTimeM sthAna mila gayA; kyoMki koI bhI kArya kisIna-kisIke sAkSAt yA paramparAse upayogameM AtA hI hai aura viSamatA aura nirdayatApUrNa sthitikA ghaTaka hotA hI hai / jagatmeM paramANuoMke paraspara saMyoga-vibhAgase bar3e-bar3e pahAr3a, nadI, nAle, jaMgala aura vibhinna prAkRtika dRzya bane haiM / unameM bhI adRSTako aura usake adhiSTAtA kisI cetanako kAraNa mAnanA vastutaH adRSTakalpanA hI hai / 'dRSTakAraNavaiphalye adRSTaparikalpanopapatteH- jaba dRSTakAraNako saMgati na baiThe to adRSTa hetukI 7
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________________ jainadarzana kalpanA kI jAtI hai', yaha darzanazAstrakA nyAya hai| do manuSya samAna paristhitiyoMmeM udyama aura yatna karate haiM para ekakI kAryakI siddhi dekhI jAtI hai aura dUsareko siddhi to dUra rahI, ulaTA nukasAna hotA hai, aisI dazAmeM 'kAraNasAmagrI kI kamI yA viparItatAkI khoja na karake kisI adRSTako kAraNa mAnanA darzanazAstrako yuktike kSetrase bAhara kara mAtra kalpanAlokameM pahu~cA denA hai / koI bhI kArya apanI kAraNasAmagrIko pUrNatA aura pratibandhakakI zUnyatApara nirbhara karatA hai| vaha kAraNasAmagro jisa prakArakI siddhi yA asiddhike liye anukUla baiThato hai vaisA kArya avazya hI utpanna hotA hai / jagatke vibhinna kAryakAraNabhAva sunizcita haiM / dravyoMmeM pratikSaNa apanI paryAya badalanekI yogyatA svayaM hai / upAdAna aura nimitta ubhayasAmagrI jisa prakArakI paryAyake liye anukUla hotI hai vaisI hI paryAya utpanna ho jAtI hai| 'karma yA adRSTa jagatmeM utpanna honevAle yAvat kAryoMke kAraNa hote haiM' isa kalpanAke kAraNa ho adRSTakA padArthoMse sambandha sthApita karaneke lie AtmAko vyApaka mAnanA pdd'aa| karma kyA hai ? phira karma kyA hai ? aura usakA AtmAke sAtha sambandha kaise hotA hai ? usake paripAkakI kyA sImA hai ? ityAdi prazna hamAre sAmane haiM ? vartamAnameM AtmAko sthiti ardhamautika jaisI ho rahI hai| usakA jJAna 1. 'navanIta' janavarI 53 ke aMkameM 'sAiMsavIkalI' se eka 'TuthaDaga' kA varNana diyA hai| jisakA iMjekzana denese manuSya sAdhAraNatayA satya bAta batA detA hai| 'navanIta' navambara 52 meM batAyA hai ki soDiyama peTothala' kA iMjekzana dene para bhayaMkara aparAdhI apanA aparAdha svIkAra kara letA hai / ina iMjekzanoMke prabhAvase manuSyakI una granthiyoMpara vizeSa prabhAva par3atA hai jinake kAraNa usakI jhUTha bolanekI pravRtti hotI hai|
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________________ lokavyavasthA vikAsa, krodhAdivikAra, icchA aura saMkalpa Adi sabhI, bahuta kucha zarIra, mastiSka aura hRdayakI gatipara nirbhara karate haiN| mastiSkakI eka kIla DhIlI huI ki sArI smaraNa-zakti samApta ho jAtI hai aura manuSya pAgala aura bebhAna ho jAtA hai / zarIrake prakRtistha rahanese hI AtmAke guNoMkA vikAsa aura unakA apanI upayukta avasthAmeM saMcAlita rahanA banatA hai| binA indriya Adi upakaraNoMke AtmAkI jJAnazakti prakaTa hI nahIM ho pAtI / smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, vicAra, kalA, saundaryAbhivyakti aura saMgIta Adi sambandhI pratibhAoMkA vikAsa bhItarI aura bAharI donoM upakaraNoMkI apekSA rakhatA hai| ____ AtmAke sAtha anAdikAlase karmapudgala ( kArmaNa zarIra ) kA sambandha hai, jisake kAraNa vaha apane pUrNa caitanyarUpameM prakAzamAna nahIM ho paataa| yaha zaMkA svAbhAvika hai ki 'kyoM cetanake sAtha acetanakA saMparka huA ? do virodhI dravyoMkA sambandha huA hI kyoM ? ho bhI gayA ho to eka dravya dUsare vijAtIya dravyapara prabhAva kyoM DAlatA hai ?' isakA uttara isa chora se nahIM diyA jA sakatA, kintu dUsare chorase diyA jA sakatA hai-AtmA apane puruSArtha aura sAdhanAoMse kramazaH vAsanAoM aura vAsanAke udbodhaka karmapudgaloMse mukti pA jAtA hai aura eka bAra zuddha ( mukta ) honeke bAda use punaH karmabandhana nahIM hotA, ataH hama samajhate haiM ki donoM pRthak dravya haiN| eka bAra isa kArmaNazarIrase saMyukta AtmAkA cakra calA to phira kAryakAraNavyavasthA jamatI jAtI hai| AtmA eka saMkoca-vikAsazIlasikur3ane aura phailanevAlA dravya hai jo apane saMskAroMke paripAkAnusAra choTebar3e sthUla zarIrake AkAra ho jAtA hai| dehAtmavAda ( jar3avAda ) kI bajAya dehapramANa AtmA mAnanese saba samasyAeM hala ho jAtI haiN| agasta 52 ke 'navanIta' meM sAiMsa DAijesTake eka lekhakA uddharaNa hai, jisameM 'kromosoma' meM tabadIlI kara denese 12 pauMDa vajanakA kharagoza utpanna kiyA gayA hai| hRdaya aura A~kheM badalaneke bhI prayoga vijJAnane kara dikhAye haiN|
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________________ jainadarzana mAtmA dehapramANa bhI apane karmasaMskArake kAraNa hI hotA hai| karmasaMskAra chUTa jAneke bAda usake prasArakA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jAtA; ataH vaha apane antima zarIrake AkAra banA rahatA hai, na sikur3atA hai aura na phailatA hai / aise saMkocavikAsazIla zarIrapramANa rahanevAle, anAdi kArmaNa zarIrase saMyukta, ardhabhautika AtmAko pratyeka kriyA, pratyeka vicAra aura vacanavyavahAra apanA eka saMskAra AtmA aura usake anAdisAthI kArmaNa zarIrapara DAlate haiN| saMskAra to AtmApara par3atA hai, para usa saMskArakA pratinidhi dravya usa kArmaNazarIrase ba~dha jAtA hai jisake paripAkAnusAra AtmAmeM vahI bhAva aura vicAra jAgrata hote hai aura usIkA asara bAhya sAmagrIpara bhI par3atA hai, jo hita aura ahitameM sAdhaka bana jAtI hai / jaise koI chAtra kisI dUsare chAtrako pustaka curAtA hai yA usakI lAlaTena isa abhiprAyase naSTa karatA hai ki 'vaha par3hane na pAve' to vaha isa jJAnavirodhaka kriyA tathA vicArase apanI AtmAmeM eka prakArakA viziSTa kusaMskAra DAlatA hai / usI samaya isa saMskArakA mUrtarUpa pudgaladravya AtmAke cirasaMgI kArmaNazarIrase baMdha jAtA hai| jaba usa saMskArakA paripAka hotA hai to usa baMdhe hue karmadravyake udayase AtmA svayaM usa hIna aura ajJAna avasthAmeM pahuMca jAtA hai jisase usakA jhukAva jJAnavikAsako ora nahIM ho paataa| vaha lAkha prayatna kare, para apane usa kusaMskArake phalasvarUpa jJAnase vaMcita ho hI jAtA hai| yahI kahalAtA hai 'jaisI karanI taisI bhrnii|' ve vicAra aura kriyA na kevala AtmApara ho asara DAlate haiM kintu AsapAsake vAtAvaraNapara bhI apanA tIvra, manda aura madhyama asara chor3ate hai / zarIra, mastiSka aura hRdayapara to usakA asara nirAlA hI hotA hai| isa taraha pratikSaNavartI vicAra aura kriyAe~ yadyapi pUrvabaddha karmake paripAkase utpanna huI haiM para unake utpanna hote hI jo AtmAko nayI Asakti, anAsakti, rAga, dveSa, aura tRSNA Adi rUpa pariNati hotI hai ThIka usIke anusAra naye-naye saMskAra aura usake
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________________ lokavyavasthA 101 pratinidhi pudgala sambandhita hote jAte haiM aura purAne jhar3ate jAte haiN| isa taraha yaha karmabandhanakA silasilA taba taka barAbara cAlU rahatA hai jaba taka AtmA sabhI purAnI vAsanAoMse zUnya hokara pUrNa vItarAga yA siddha nahIM ho jaataa| karmaviSAka: vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki karmapudgaloMkA vipAka kaise hotA haiM ? kyA karmapudgala svayameva kisI sAmagrIko juTA lete hai aura apane Apa phala de dete hai yA isameM kucha puruSArtha ko bhI apekSA hai ? apane vicAra, vacanavyavahAra aura kriyAeM antataH saMskAra to AtmAmeM hI utpanna karatI haiM aura una saMskAroMko pravodha denevAle pudgaladravya kArmaNazarIrase baMdhate hai / ye pudgala zarIrake bAharase bhI khicate hai aura zarIrake bhItarase bhii| ummIdavAra karmayogya pudgaloMmese karma bana jAte hai / kamake lie eka vizeSa prakArake sUkSma aura asarakAraka pudgaladravyoMkI apekSA hotI hai| mana, vacana aura kAyakI pratyeka kriyA, jise yoga kahate hai, paramANuoMmeM halanacalana utpanna karatI hai aura usake yogya paramANuoMko bAhara bhItarase khIMcatI jAtI hai| yoM to zarIra svayaM eka mahAn pudgala piMDa hai| isameM asaMkhya paramANu zvAsocchvAsa tathA anya prakArase zarIrameM Ate-jAte rahate hai / inhIMmese chaTakara karma banate jAte hai / jaba karmake paripAkakA samaya AtA hai, jise udayakAla kahate hai, taba usake udayakAlameM jaisI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI sAmagrI upasthita hotI hai vaisA usakA tIvra, madhyama aura manda phala hotA hai| naraka aura svargameM ausatana asAtA aura sAtAkI sAmagrI nizcita hai| ataH vahA~ kramazaH asAtA aura sAtAkA udaya apanA phalodaya karatA hai aura sAtA aura asAtA pradezodayake rUpameM arthAt phala denevAlI sAmagrIko upasthiti na honese binA phala diye hI jhar3a jAte hai / jIvameM sAtA aura asAtA
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________________ 102 jainadarzana donoM baMdhI haiM, kintu kisIne apane puruSArthase sAtAkI pracura sAmagrI upasthita kI hai tathA asane cicako susamAhita kiyA hai to usako AnecAlA asAtAkA udaya phalavipAkI na hokara pradezavipAkI hI hogA / svargameM asAtAke udayako bAhya sAmagrI na honese asAtAkA pradezodaya yA usakA sAtArUpameM pariNamana honA mAnA jAtA hai| isI taraha narakameM kevala asAtAkI sAmagrI honese vahA~ sAtAkA yA to pradezodaya hI hogA yA usakA asAtArUpase pariNamana ho jAyagA / jagatke samasta padArtha apane-apane upAdAna aura nimittake sunizcita kAryakAraNabhAva ke anusAra utpanna hote haiM aura sAmagrIke anusAra juTate aura bikharate haiM / aneka sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika maryAdAe~ sAtA aura asAtAke sAdhanoMkI vyavasthAe~ banAtI haiM / pahale vyaktigata saMpatti aura sAmrAjyakA yuga thA to usameM uccatama pada pAnemeM purAne sAtAke saMskAra kAraNa hote the, to aba prajAtaMtra ke yugameM jo bhI uccatama pada hai, unheM pAne meM saMskAra sahAyaka hoMge / jagatke pratyeka kAryameM kisI-na-kisIke adRSTako nimitta mAnanA na tarkasiddha hai aura na anubhavagamya hI / isa taraha yadi paramparAse kAraNoMkI ginatI kI jAya to koI vyavasthA hI nahIM rahegI / kalpanA kIjie-- Aja koI vyakti narakameM par3A huA asAtAke udayameM duHkha bhoga rahA hai aura eka darI kisI kArakhAne meM bana rahI hai jo 20 varSa bAda usake upabhogameM AyagI aura sAtA utpanna karegI to Aja usa darImeM usa narakasthita prANIke adRSTako kAraNa mAnanemeM bar3I visaMgati utpanna samasta jagatke padArtha apane-apane sAkSAt upAdAna aura hote hai aura yathAsambhava sAmagrI ke antargata hokara prANiyoM ke sukha aura duHkhameM tatkAla nimittatA pAte rahate hai / unakI utpatti meM kisI-na-kisIke adRSTako jor3ane kI na to AvazyakatA hI hai aura na upayogitA ho aura na kAryakAraNavyavasthAkA bala hI use prApta hai / hotI hai / ataH nimittoMse utpanna
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________________ lokavyavasthA 103 karmo kA phala denA, phalakAlako sAmagrIke Upara nirbhara karatA hai / jaise eka vyaktike asAtAkA udaya AtA hai, para vaha kisI sAdhuke satsaMga meM baiThA huA taTasthabhAvase jagatke svarUpako samajhakara svAtmAnaMdameM magna ho rahA hai / usa samaya AnevAlI asAtAkA udaya usa vyaktiko vicalita nahIM kara sakatA, kintu vaha bAhya asAtAkI sAmagrI na honese binA phala diye hI jhar3a jAyagA / karma arthAt purAne saMskAra / ve saMskAra abuddha vyaktike Upara hI apanA kutsita prabhAva DAla sakate haiM, jJAnIke Upara nahIM / yaha to balAbalakA prazna hai / yadi AtmA vartamAnameM jAgrata hai to purAne saMskAroMpara vijaya pA sakatA hai aura yadi jAgrata nahIM hai to ve kusaMskAra hI phUlate-phalate jAyageM / AtmA jabase cAhe tabase nayA kadama uThA sakatA hai aura usI samayase navanirmANako dhArA prArambha kara sakatA hai / isameM na kisI IzvarakI preraNAko AvazyakatA hai aura na " karmagati TAlI nAhi Talai" ke aTala niyamakI anivAryatA hI hai / jagatkA aNu -- paramANu hI nahIM kintu cetana - AtmAeM bhI pratikSaNa apane utpAda-vyaya-dhanya svabhAvake kAraNa avirAma gati se pUrvaparyAyako chor3a uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karatI jA rahI haiM / jisa kSaNa jaisI bAhya aura Abhyantara sAmagrI juTatI jAtI hai usIke anusAra usa kSaNakA parigamana hotA jAtA hai / hameM jo sthUla pariNamana dikhAI detA hai vaha pratikSaNabhAvI asaMkhya sUkSma pariNamanoMkA jor3a aura aumata hai / isImeM purAne saMskAroMkI kAraNasAmagrI ke anusAra mugati yA durgati hotI jAtI hai / isI kAraNa sAmagroke jor3a-tor3a aura taratamatApara ho pariNamanakA prakAra nizcita hotA hai / vastuke kabhI sadRza, kabhI visadRza, alpasadRza, ardhasadRza aura asadRza Adi vividha prakArake pariNamana hamArI dRSTise barAbara gujarate haiM / yaha nizcita hai ki koI bhI kArya apane kAryakAraNabhAvako ullaMghana karake utpanna nahIM ho sakatA tAe~ vikasita honeko pratisamaya taiyAra baiThI haiM, / dravyameM saikar3oM hI yogyaunameM se upayukta yogyatA
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________________ 104 jainadarzana kA upayukta samayameM vikAsa karA lenA, yahI niyatike bIca puruSArthakA kArya hai / isa puruSArthase karma bhI eka hada taka niyantrita hote haiM / yahacchAvAda: __yadRcchAvAdakA artha hai-aTakalapaccU / manuSya jisa kAryakAraNa-paramparAkA samAnya jJAna bhI nahIM kara pAtA hai usake sambandhameM vaha yadRcchAkA sahArA letA hai| vastutaH yadRcchAvAda usa niyati aura IzvaravAdake viruddha eka pratizabda hai, jinane jagatako niyantrita karanekA rUpaka bAMdhA thaa| yadi yadRcchAkA artha yaha hai ki pratyeka kArya apanI kAraNasAmagrIse hotA hai aura sAmagrIko koI bandhana nahIM ki vaha kisa samaya, kise, kahA~, kaise rUpameM milegI, to yaha eka prakArase vaijJAnika kAryakAraNabhAvakA hI samarthana hai| para yadRcchAke bhItara vaijJAnikatA aura kAryakAraNabhAva donoMkI hI upekSAkA bhAva hai| puruSavAda: 'puruSa hI isa jagatakA kartA, hartA aura vidhAtA hai' yaha mata sAmAnyataH puruSavAda kahalAtA hai| pralaya kAlameM bhI usa puruSakI jJAnAdi zaktiyAM alupta rahatI haiM / 'jaise ki makar3I jAleke lie aura candrakAntamaNi jalake lie, tathA vaTavRkSa praroha-jaTAoMke lie kAraNa hotA hai usI taraha puruSa samasta jagatake prANiyoMkI sRSTi, sthiti aura pralayameM nimitta hotA hai / puruSavAdameM do mata sAmAnyataH pracalita haiM / eka to hai brahmavAda, jisameM brahma hI jagatke cetana-acetana, mUrta aura amUrta sabhI padArthoMkA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| dUsarA hai IzvaravAda, jisameM vaha svayaMsiddha jar3a aura cetana dravyoMke paraspara saMyojanameM nimitta hotA hai| 1. "UNaMnAbha ivAMzUnAM candrakAnta ivAmbhasAm / prarohANAmiva plakSaH sa hetuH sarvajanminAm // " -upaniSat , uddhRta prameyaka0 50 65 /
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________________ lokavyavasthA 105. brahmavAdameM eka ho tattva kaise vibhinna padArthoMke pariNamanameM upAdAna bana sakatA hai ? yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai / Ajake vijJAnane ananta eTamakI svatantra sattA svIkAra karake unake paraspara saMyoga aura vibhAgase isa vicitra sRSTikI utpatti mAnI hai / yaha yuktisiddha ghI hai aura anubhavagamya bhI / kevala mAyA kaha dene mAtrase ananta jar3a padArtha, tathA ananta cetanaAtmAoM kA pArasparika yathArtha bheda vyaktitva, naSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jagatameM ananta AtmAe~ apane-apane saMskAra aura vAsanAoMke anusAra vibhinna paryAyoMko dhAraNa karatIM haiM / unake vyaktitva apane-apane haiM / eka bhojana karatA hai to tRpti dUsareko nahIM hotI / isI taraha jar3a padArthoMke paramANu apanA svataMtra astitva rakhate haiM / ananta prayatna karanepara bhI do paramANuoMkI svataMtra sattA miTAke unameM ekatva nahIM lAyA jA sakatA / ataH jagatameM pratyakSasiddha ananta satvyaktiyoMkA apalApa karake kevala eka puruSako ananta kAryoMke prati upAdAna mAnanA korI kalpanA hI hai / isa advaitaikAnta meM kAraNa aura kAryakA, kAraka aura kriyAoM kA, puNya aura pApa karmakA, sukha-duHkha phalakA, ihalokake aura paralokakA, vidyA aura avidyAkA tathA bandha aura mokSa AdikA vAstavika bheda hI nahIM raha sakatA / ataH pratItisiddha jagatavyavasthAke lie brahmavAda kathamapi ucita siddha nahIM hotA / sakala jagatameM 'sat' 'sat' kA anvaya dekhakara eka 'sat' tattvakI kalpanA karanA aura use ho vAstavika mAnanA pratItiviruddha hai / jaise vidyArthImaNDalameM 'maMDala' apane-ApameM koI cIja nahIM hai, kintu svataMtra sattAvAle aneka vidyArthiyoMko sAmUhika rUpase vyavahAra karaneke liye eka 'maNDala' kI kalpanA kara lI jAtI hai, isameM tattat vidyArthI to paramArthasat hai, eka maNDala nahIM; usI taraha aneka sad vyaktiyoMmeM kalpita eka sattva vyavahArasatya hI ho sakatA hai, paramArthasatya nahIM / 1. dekho - aptamImAMsA 21-6 /
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________________ 106 jainadarzana IzvaravAda : IzvaravAdameM Izvarako janyamAtrake prati nimittamAnA jAtA hai| usakI icchAke binA jagatakA koI bhI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki jaba saMsArameM ananta jar3a aura cetana padArtha, anAdikAlase svataMtra siddha haiM, Izvarane bhI asatse kisI eka bhI satko utpanna nahIM kiyA, ve saba paraspara sahakArI hokara prApta sAmagrIke anusAra apanA pariNamana karate rahate haiM taba eka sarvAdhiSThAtA Izvara mAnaneko AvazyakatA hI kyA raha jAtI hai ? yadi Izvara kAruNika hai; to usane jagatmeM duHkha aura duHkhI prANiyoMkI sRSTi hI kyoM kI ? adRSTakA nAma lenA to kevala bahAnA hai; kyoMki adRSTa bhI to Izvarase hI utpanna hotA hai / sRSTike pahale to anukampAke yogya prANI hI nahIM the, phira usane kisapara anukampA kI? isa taraha jaise-jaise hama isa sArvaniyantavAdapara vicAra karate haiM, vaise-vaise isakI niHsAratA siddha hotI jAtI hai| ___ anAdikAlase jar3a aura cetana padArtha apane utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpa svabhAvake kAraNa paraspara-sApekSa bhI hokara tathA kvacita sthala bAhya sAmagrIse nirapekSa bhI rahakara svayaM pariNamana karate jAte haiN| isake lie na kisIko ciMtA karanekI jarUrata hai aura na niyaMtraNa karanekI / nitya, eka aura samartha Izvarase samasta kramabhAvI kArya yugapat utpanna ho jAne cAhiye / sahakArI kAraNa bhI to Izvarako hI utpanna karanA hai| sarvavyApaka IzvarameM kriyA bhI nahIM ho sktii| usakI icchAzakti aura jJAnazakti bhI nitya hai, ataH kramase kArya honA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| jagatake uddhArake lie kisI IzvarakI kalpanA karanA to dravyoMke nija svarUpako hI paratantra banA denA hai / hara AtmA apane viveka aura sadAcaraNase apanI unnatike lie svayaM javAbadAra hai| use kisI vidhAtAke sAmane uttaradAyI nahIM honA hai| ataH jagatake sambandhameM puruSavAda bhI anya vAdoMkI taraha niHsAra hai|
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________________ lokavyavasthA 107 bhUtavAda : bhUtavAdI pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu isa bhUtacatuSTayase hI cetanaacetana aura mUrta-amUrta sabhI padArthokI utpatti mAnate haiM / cetanA bhI inake matase pRthivyAdi bhUtoMkI hI eka vizeSa pariNati hai, jo vizeSa prakArakI paristhitimeM utpanna hotI hai aura usa paristhatike vikhara jAnepara vaha vahIM samApta ho jAto | jaise ki aneka prakArake choTe-bar3e purjoMse eka mazIna taiyAra hotI hai aura unhIMke paraspara saMyogase usameM gati bhI A jAtI hai aura kucha samayake bAda purjoMke ghisa jAnepara vaha TUTakara vikhara jAtI hai, usI tarahakA yaha jIvanayaMtra hai / yaha bhUtAtmavAda upaniSada kAlase hI yahA~ pracalita hai / isameM vicAraNIya bAta yahI hai ki isa bhautika putale meM, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, jJAna, jijIviSA aura vividha kalAoMke prati jo naisargika jhukAva dekhA jAtA hai, vaha anAyAsa kaise A gayA ? smaraNa hI eka aisI vRtti hai, jo anubhava karanevAleke cirakAlasthAyI saMskArakI apekSA rakhatI hai / vikAsavAda ke siddhAnta ke anusAra jIvajAtikA vikAsa mAnanA bhI bhautikavAdakA eka pariSkRta rUpa haiM / isameM kramaza: amIvA, ghoMghA Adi binA rIr3hake prANiyoMse, rIr3hadAra pazu aura manuSyoMkI sRSTi huii| jahA~ taka inake zarIroMke AnuvaMzika vikAsakA sambandha hai vahA~ taka isa siddhAntakI saMgati kisI taraha khIMcatAna karake baiThAI bhI jA sakatI hai, para cetana aura amUrtika AtmAkI utpatti, jar3a aura mUrtika bhUtoMse kaise sambhava ho sakatI hai ? isa taraha jagatako utpatti Adike sambandhameM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, karma, puruSa aura bhUta ityAdiko kAraNa mAnanekI vicAra dhArAe~ jabase isa mAnava ke jijJAsA - netra khule, tabase barAbara calI AtIM haiM / Rgvedake eka RSi to cakita hokara vicArate haiM ki sRSTike pahale yahA~ koI sat
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________________ 108 jainadarzana padArtha nahIM thA aura asatse hI satkI utpatti huI hai| to dUsare RSi socate hai ki asatse sat kaise ho sakatA hai ? ataH pahale bhI sat hI thA aura satse hI sat huA hai| to tIsare RSikA ciMtana sat aura asat ubhayakI ora jAtA hai| cauthA RSi usa tattvako, jisase isa jagatakA vikAsa huA hai, vacanoMke agocara kahatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki sRSTiko vyavasthAke sambandhameM Aja taka sahasroM cintakoMne aneka prakArake vicAra prastuta kiye hai| avyAkRtavAda: bha0 buddhase 'loka sAnta hai yA ananta, zAzvata hai yA azAzvata, jIva aura zarIra bhinna hai yA abhinna, maraneke bAda tathAgata hote hai yA nahIM ?' isa prakArake prazna jaba molukyaputrane pU~che to unhoMne inako avyAkRta koTime DAla diyA aura kahA ki maine inhe avyAkRta isalie kahA hai ki 'unake bAremeM kahanA sArthaka nahI hai, na bhikSucayyA~ke lie aura na bahmacaryake lie hI upayogI hai, na yaha nirveda, zAnti, paramajJAna aura nirvANake lie Avazyaka hI hai / ' AtmA Adike sambandhame buddhakI yaha avyAkRtatA hameM sandehameM DAla detI hai| jaba usa samayake vAtAvaraName ina dArzanika praznoMkI jijJAsA sAmAnyasAdhakake maname bhI utpanna hotI thI aura isake liye bAda taka rope jAte the, taba buddha jaise vyavahArI cintakakA ina praznoMke sambandhameM mauna rahanA rahasyase khAlI nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bauddha tattvajJAnake sambandhameM aneka vivAda utpanna ho gae hai| koI bauddhake nirvANako zUnyarUpa yA abhAvAtmaka mAnatA hai, to koI use sadbhAvAtmaka / AtmAke sambandhameM buddhakA yaha mata to spaSTa thA ki vaha na to upaniSadvAdiyoMkI taraha zAzvata hI hai aura na bhUtavAdiyoMkI taraha sarvathA ucchinna honevAlI hI hai| arthAt unhoMne AtmAko na jJAzvata mAnA aura na ucchinna / isa azAzvatAnucchedarUpI ubhayapratiSedhake honepara bhI buTakA
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________________ lokavyavasthA 109 AtmA kisa rUpa thA, yaha spaSTha nahIM ho pAtA / isIlie Aja buddhake darzanako azAzvatAnucchedavAda kahA jAtA hai / pAlI sAhityameM hama jahA~ buddhake AryasatyoMkA sAMgopAMga vidhivat nirUpaNa dekhate haiM, vahA~ darzanakA spaSTa varNana nahIM pAte / utpAdaditrayAtmakavAda : niggaMtha nAthaputta vardhamAna mahAvIrane lokavyavasthA aura dravyoMke svarUpake sambandhameM apane sunizcita vicAra prakaTa kiye hai / unhoMne SaTddravyamaya loka tathA dravyoMke utpAdavyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka svarUpako bahuta spaSTa aura sunizcita paddhati se btaayaa| jaisA ki isa prakaraNake zurU meM maiM likha cukA hU~ / pratyeka vartamAna paryAya apane samasta atIta saMskAroMkA parivartita puJja hai aura hai apanI samasta bhaviSyat yogyatAoMkA bhaMDAra / usa pravahamAna paryAyaparamparAmeM jisa samaya jaisI kAraNasAmagrI mila jAtI hai, usa samaya usakA vaisA pariNamana upAdAna aura nimittake balAbalake anusAra hotA jAtA hai / utpAda, vyaya, aura dhauvyake isa sArvadravyika aura sArvakAlika niyamakA isa vizvameM koI bhI apavAda nahIM hai / pratyeka satko pratyeka samaya apanI paryAya badalanI hI hogI, cAhe Age AnevAlI paryAya sadRza, asadRza, alpasadRza, ardhasadRza yA visadRza hI kyoM na ho| isa taraha apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa pratyeka dravya apanI upAdAnayogyatA aura sannihita nimittasAmagrIke anusAra pipIlakAkrama yA meMDhakakudAnake rUpameM parivartita ho hI rahA hai / do viruddha zaktiyA~ : dravyameM utpAdazakti yadi pahale kSaNameM paryAyako utpanna karatI hai to vinAzazakti usa paryAyakA dUsare kSaNameM nAza kara detI hai| yAnI pratisamaya yadi utpAdazakti kisI nUtana paryAyako lAtI hai to vinAzazakti usI samaya pUrva paryAyako nAza karake usake lie sthAna khAlI kara detI hai /
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________________ 110 jainadarzana isa taraha isa virodhI-samAgamake dvArA dravya pratikSaNa utpAda, vinAza aura isakI kabhI vicchinna na honevAlI dhrauvya-paraMparAke kAraNa vilakSaNa hai| isa taraha pratyeka dravyake isa svAbhAvika pariNamana-cakrameM jaba jaisI kAraNasAmagrI juTa jAtI hai usake anusAra vaha pariNamana svayaM prabhAvita hotA hai aura kAraNasAmagrIke ghaTaka dravyoMko prabhAvita bhI karatA hai| yAnI yadi eka paryAya kisI paristhitise utpanna huI hai to vaha paristhitiko banAtI bhI hai| dravyameM apane saMbhAvya pariNamanoMkI asaMkhya yogyatAe~ pratisamaya maujUda haiN| para vikasita vahI yogyatA hotI hai jisakI sAmagrI paripUrNa ho jAtI hai / jo isa pravahamAna cakrameM apanA prabhAva chor3anekA buddhipUrvaka yatna karate haiM ve svayaM paristhitiyoMke nirmAtA banate haiM aura jo pravAhapatita hai ve parivartanake thaper3oMmeM itastataH asthira rahate haiN| loka zAzvata bhI hai: yadi lokako samagra bhAvase saMtatikI dRSTise dekheM to loka anAdi aura ananta haiM / koI bhI dravya isake raMgamaMcase sarvathA naSTa nahIM ho sakatA aura na koI asatse sat banakara isakI niyata dravyasaMkhyAmeM ekakI bhI vRddhi hI kara sakatA hai| yadi pratisamayabhAvI, pratidravyagata paryAyoMkI dRSTise dekheM to loka 'sAnta' bhI haiN| usa dravyadRSTi se dekhanepara loka zAzvata hai| aura isa paryAya dRSTise dekhanepara loka azAzvata hai / isameM kAryoMkI utpattimeM kAla eka sAdhAraNa nimittakAraNa hai, jo pratyeka pariNamanazIla dravyake pariNAmameM nimitta hotA hai, aura svayaM bhI anya dravyoMkI taraha parivartanazIla hai| dravyayogyatA aura paryAyayogyatA: jagatakA pratyeka kArya apane khambhAtrya svabhAvoMke anusAra hI hotA hai, yaha sarvamata sAdhAraNa siddhAnta hai / yadyapi pratyeka pudgalaparamANu ghaTa, paTa Adi sabhI kucha bananekI dravyayogyatA hai kintu yadi vaha paramANu miTTIke
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________________ lokavyavasthA 111 piNDameM zAmila hai to vaha sAkSAt ghaTa hI bana sakatA hai, paTa nhiiN| sAmAnya svabhAva honepara bhI una dravyoMkI sthUla paryAyoMmeM sAkSAt vikasaneyogya kucha niyata yogyatAe~ hotI haiN| yaha niyatipana samaya aura paristhitike anusAra badalatA rahatA hai / yadyapi yaha purAnI kahAvata prasiddha hai ki 'ghar3A miTTIse banatA hai bAlU se nahIM / ' kintu Ajake vaijJAnika yugameM bAlUko kA~cako bhaTTImeM pakAkara usase adhika sundara aura pAradarzI ghar3A banane lagA hai| ___ataH dravyayogyatAeM sarvathA niyata hone para bhI, paryAyayogyatAoMkI niyatatA paristhitike Upara nirbhara karatI hai| jagatameM samasta kAryoMke paristhitibhedase ananta kAryakAraNabhAva haiM aura una kAryakAraNaparaMparAoMke anusAra hI pratyeka kArya utpanna hotA hai| ataH apane ajJAnake kAraNa kisI bhI kAryako yadRcchA-aTakalapaccU kahanA atisAhasa hai| puruSa upAdAna hokara kevala apane hI guNa aura apanI hI paryAyoMkA kAraNa bana sakatA hai, una hI rUpase pariNamana kara sakatA hai, anya rUpase kadApi nhiiN| eka dravya dUsare kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyameM kevala nimitta hI bana sakatA hai, uyAdAra kadApi nahIM, yaha eka sunizcita maulika dravyasiddhAnta hai / saMsArake ananta kAryokA bahubhAga apane pariNamanameM kisI cetana-prayatnakI AvazyakatA nahIM rkhtaa| jaba sUrya nikalatA hai to usake saMparkase asaMkhya jalakaNa bhApa banate haiM, aura kramazaH meghoMkI sRSTi hotI hai, phira sardI-garmIkA nimitta pAkara jala barasatA hai| isa taraha prakRtinaTIke raMgamaMcapara ananta kArya pratisamaya apane svAbhAvika pariNAmI svabhAvake anusAra utpanna hote aura naSTa hote rahate haiM / unakA apanA dravyagata dhrauvya hI unheM kramabhaMga karanese rokatA hai arthAt ve apane dravyagata svabhAvake kAraNa apanI hI dhArAmeM svayaM niyantrita haiM-unheM kisI dUsare dravyake niyantraNakI na koI apekSA hai aura na AvazyakatA hii| yadi koI cetanadravya bhI kisI dravyako kAraNasAmagrImeM sammilita ho jAtA
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________________ 112 jainadarzana hai to ThIka hai, vaha bhI usake pariNamana meM nimitta ho jAyagA / yahA~ to paraspara sahakAritAkI khulI sthiti hai| karmakI kAraNatA : jIvoMke pratikSaNa jo saMskAra saMcita hote haiM ve hI paripAkakAlameM karma kahalAte haiM / ina karmoMkI koI svataMtra kAraNatA nahIM hai / una jIvoMke pariNamanameM tathA una jIvoMse sambaddha pudgaloMke pariNamanameM ve saMskAra usI taraha kAraNa hote haiM jisa taraha eka dravya dUsare dravyameM / arthAt apane bhAvoMkI utpattimeM ve upAdAna hote haiM aura pudgaladravya yA jIvAntarake pariNamanameM nimitta / samagra lokako vyavasthA yA parivartanameM koI karma nAmakA eka tattva mahAkAraNa banakara baiThA ho, yaha sthiti nahIM hai / " isa taraha kAla, AtmA, svabhAva, niyati yadRcchA aura bhUtAdi apanI-apanI maryAdAmeM sAmagrIke ghaTaka hokara pratikSaNa parivartamAna isa jagatake pratyeka dravyake pariNamanameM yathAsaMbhava nimitta aura upAdAna hote rahate haiM / kisI eka kAraNakA sarvAdhipatya jagatake ananta dravyoM para nahIM haiM / Adhipatya yadi ho sakatA hai to pratyeka dravyakA kevala apanI hI guNa aura paryAyoMpara ho sakatA hai / jar3avAda aura pariNAmavAda : vartamAna jar3avAdiyoMne vizvake svarUpako samajhAte samaya ina cAra siddhAntoMkA nirNaya kiyA hai / ( 1 ) jJAtA aura jJeya athavA samasta savastu nitya parivartanazIla hai / vastuoMkA sthAna badalatA rahatA hai| unake ghaTaka badalate rahate haiM aura unake guNa-dharma badalate rahate haiM parantu parivartanakA akhaNDa pravAha cAlU hai / ( 2 ) dUsarA siddhAnta yaha hai ki sadvastukA sampUrNa vinAza nahIM hotA aura sampUrNa abhAvameMse sad vastu utpanna nahIM hotI / yaha krama
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________________ 113 lokavyavasthA nitya nirbAdha rUpase calatA rahatA hai| pratyeka sat vastu kisI-na-kisI anya sad vastumeMse hI nirmita hotI hai, sadvastuse hI banI hotI hai, aura kisI sadvastuke AMkhase ojhala ho jAne para dUsarI sadvastukA nirmANa hotA hai ? jisa eka vastumeMse dUsarI vastu utpanna hotI hai use dravya kahate haiM / jisase vastue~ banatI haiM aura jisake guNa-dharma hote hai vaha dravya hai / dravya aura guNoMkA samuccaya jagata hai / yaha jagata kArya-kAraNoMkI satata paramparA hai| pratyeka vastu yA ghaTanA apanese pUrvavartI vastu yA ghaTanAM kA kArya hotI hai, tathA AgekI ghaTanAoMkA kAraNa / pratyeka ghaTanA kAryakAraNabhAvako anAdi evaM ananta mAlAkA eka manakA hai| kAryakAraNabhAvake viziSTa niyamase pratyeka ghaTanA eka-dUsareke sAtha ba~dhI rahatI hai| ( 3 ) tIsarA middhAnta hai ki pratyeka vastumeM svabhAvasiddha gati-zakti kiMvA parivartana-zakti avazya rahatI hai| aNurUpa dravyoMkA jagata banA karatA hai / una aNuoMko ApasameM milane tathA eka-dUsarase alaga-alaga honeke lie jo gati milatI rahatI hai vaha unakA svabhAvadharma hai| unako paricAlita karanevAlA, unako ikaTThA karanevAlA aura alaga-alaga karanevAlA anya koI nahIM hai / isa vizvameM jo preraNA yA gati hai, vaha vastumAtrake svabhAvameMse nirmita hotI hai / ekake bAda dUsarI gatikI eka anAdi paraMparA isa vizvameM vidyamAna hai| yaha prazna Thoka nahIM hai ki 'prArambhameM isa vizvameM kisane gati utpanna ko' / 'prArambhameM' zabdoMkA abhiprAya usa kAlase hai jaba gati nahIM thI, athavA kisI prakArakA koI parivartana nahIM thaa| aise kAlako tarkasammata kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI jaba ki kisI prakArakA koI bhI parivartana na rahA ho| aise kAlakI kalpanA karanekA artha to yaha mAnanA huA ki eka samaya thA, jaba sarvatra sarvazanyatA thii| jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki koI vastu hai, to vaha nizcaya hI kAryakAraNabhAvase baMdhI rahatI hai| isIlie gati aura parivartanakA rahanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| sarvazUnya sthitimeMse kucha bhI utpanna nahIM
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________________ 114 jainadarzana ho sktaa| pratyeka vastukI ghaTanAmeM do prakArase parivartana hotA hai| eka to yaha hai ki vastumeM svAbhAvika rItise parivartana hotA hai| dUsarA yaha ki vastukA usake cAroM orako paristhitiyoMkA prabhAva par3anese parivartana hotA hai / pratyeka vastu dUsarI vastuse jur3I yA saMlagna rahatI hai| yaha saMlagnatA tIna prakArako hoto hai-eka vastukA cAroM taraphakI vastuoMse sambandha rahatA hai, dUsarI vaha vastu jisa vastuse utpanna huI hai usake sAtha kAryakAraNa-sambandhase jur3I rahatI hai| tIsarI usa vastuko ghaTanAke garbhameM dUsarI ghaTanA rahatI hai aura vaha vastu tIsarI ghaTanAke garbhameM rahatI hai| ye jo sAre vastuoMke sambandha hai unako ThIkase jAnakArI ho jAne para yaha bhrAnti yA AzaMkA dUra ho jAtI hai ki vastuoMkI gati kiMvA kriyAke lie koI pahalA pravartaka caahie| koI bhI kriyA pahalI nahIM huA krtii| pratyeka gatise kiMvA kriyAse pUrva dUsarI gati aura kriyA rahatI hai| isa kriyAkA svarUpa eka sthAnase dUsare sthAnapara jAnA hI nahIM hotA / kriyA-zaktikA kevala sthAnAntara honA yA calAyamAna honA hI svarUpa nahIM hai / bIjakA a~khuA banatA hai aura aMkhuekA vRkSa bana jAtA hai, oNksIjana aura haoNiDrojanakA pAnI banatA hai, prakAzake aNu banate haiM athavA lahareM banatI hai, yaha sArA bananA aura honA bhI kriyA hI hai / isa prakArakI kriyA vastukA mUlabhUta svabhAva hai| vaha yadi na rahatA, to jo pahalI vAra gati detA hai usake lie bhI vastumeM gati utpanna karanA sambhava na hotA / vizva svayaM prerita hai| use kisI bAhya prerakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| (4) cauthA siddhAnta yaha hai ki racanA, yojanA, vyavasthA, niyamabaddhatA athavA susaMgati vastukA mUlabhUta svabhAva hai| hama jaba bhI kisI vastukA, kiMvA vastusamudAyakA varNana karate haiM taba vastuoMko racanA, kiMvA vyavasthAkA hI varNana kiyA karate haiM / vastumeM yojanA yA vyavasthA nahIM, isakA artha yahI hotA hai ki vastu hI nahIM / vastu hai, isa kathanakA yahI
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________________ lokavyavasthA 115 artha nikalatA hai ki eka vizeSa prakArako yojanA aura vizeSa prakArako vyavasthA hai| vastuko yojanAkA Akalana honA hI vastusvarUpakA Akalana hai / vizvakI racanA athavA yojanA kisI dUsarene nahIM kI hai| agni jalAnA svAbhAvika dharma hai| yaha eka vyavasthA athavA yojanA hai / yaha vyavasthA kiMvA yojanA agnimeM kisI dUsare vyakti dvArA lAI huI nahIM hai| yaha to agnike astitvakA hI eka pahalU hai / saMkhyA, parimANa evaM kAryakAraNabhAva vastu svarUpake aMga hai / hama saMkhyA vastumeM utpanna nahIM kara sakate, vaha vastumeM rahatI hI hai| vastuoMke kAryakAraNabhAvako pahicAnA jA sakatA hai kintu nirmANa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|" jar3avAdakA Adhunika rUpa : mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanane apanI vaijJAnika bhautikavAda pustaka meM bhautikavAdake Adhunikatama svarUpapara prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai ki "jagatkA pratyeka parivartana jina sIr3hiyoMse gujaratA hai ve sIr3hiyA~ vaijJAnika bhautikavAdako tripuTI haiN| (1) virodhI samAgama (2) guNAtmaka parivartana aura ( 3 ) pratiSedhakA pratiSedha / vastuke udarameM virodhI pravRttiyAM jamA hotI haiM, isase parivartanake lie sabase Avazyaka cIja gati paidA hotI hai / phira hegelako dvaMdvavAdI prakriyAke vAda aura prativAdake saMgharSase nayA guNa paidA hotA hai / ise dUsarI sIr3hI guNAtmaka parivartana kahate haiN| pahale jo vAda thA usako bhI usakI pUrvagAmI kar3Ise milAnepara vaha kisIkA pratiSedha karanevAlA saMvAda thA / aba guNAtmaka parivartana-AmUla parivartana jabase usakA pratiSedha huA to yaha pratiSedhakA pratiSedha hai / do yA adhika, eka dUsarese guNa aura svabhAvameM virodhI vastuoMkA samAgama duniyAmeM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha bAta haraeka AdamIko jaba taba najara AtI hai / kintu use dekhakara yaha khyAla nahIM AtA ki eka bAra isa virodhI 1. dekho, 'jar3avAda aura anIzvaravAda' pRSTha 60-66 / 2 pR0 45-46 /
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________________ 116 jainadarzana samAgamako mAna lene para phira vizvake saMcAlaka IzvarakI jarUrata nahIM rahatI / na kisI abhautika divya, rahasyamaya niyamakI AvazyakatA hai / vizvake roma-roma meM gati hai / do paraspara virodhI zaktiyoMkA milanA hI gati paidA karane ke lie paryApta hai / gatikA nAma vikAsa hai / yaha 'lenina' ke zabdoM meM kahiye to vikAsa virodhiyoMke saMgharSakA nAma hai / virodhI jaba mileMge taba saMgharSa jarUra hogA / saMgharSa naye svarUpa, nayI gati, nayI paristhiti arthAt vikAsako jarUra paidA karegA / yaha bAta sApha hai / virodhiyoMke samAgamako paraspara antaravyApana yA ekatA bhI kahate haiM / jisakA artha yaha hai ki ve eka hI ( abhinna ) vAstavikatAke aise donoM prakAra ke pahalU hote hai / ye donoM virodha dArzanikoMko paramArthakI tarAjU para tule sanAtana kAlase eka dUsarese sarvathA alaga avasthita bhinna-bhinna tattvake taura para nahIM rahate balki vaha vasturUpeNa eka hai-- eka hI sthAna para abhinna hokara rahate haiM / jo karjakhorake lie mahAjanake lie dhana hai | hamAre lie jo pUrvakA rAstA hai, vahI dUsareke lie pazcimakA bhI rAstA hai| bijalI meM dhana aura RNake chora do alaga svatantra tarala padArtha nahIM hai / laininane virodhako dvaMdvavAdakA sAra kahA hai / kevala parimANAtmaka parivartana hI eka khAsa sImApara hone para guNAtmaka bhedoMmeM badala jAtA hai / " samaya eka hI RNa hai, vahI jar3avAdakA eka aura svarUpa : karnala iMgarasola prasiddha vicAraka aura nirIzvaravAdI the / ne apane vyAkhyAnameM likhate haiM ki merA eka siddhAnta hai aura usake cAroM konoM para rakhaneke lie mere pAsa cAra patthara hai / pahalA zilAnyAsa hai kipadArtha rUpa naSTa nahIM ho sakatA, abhAvako prApta nahIM ho sakatA / dUsarA zilAnyAsa hai ki gati-zaktikA vinAza nahIM ho sakatA, vaha abhAvako 1 svatantracintana pR0 214-15 /
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________________ lokavyavasthA 117 prApta nahIM ho sakatI / tIsarA zilAnyAsa hai ki padArtha aura gati pRthakpRthak nahIM raha sakatI / binA gatike padArtha nahIM aura binA padArthake gati nahIM / cauthA zilAnyAsa hai ki jisakA nAza nahIM vaha kabhI paidA bhI nahIM huA hogA, jo avinAzI hai vaha anutpanna hai / yadi ye cAroM bAteM yathArtha hai to unakA yaha pariNAma avazya nikalatA hai ki -- padArtha aura gati sadA se hai aura sadA rahege / ve na baDha sakate hai aura na ghaTa sakate hai / isase yaha bhI pariNAma nikalatA hai ki na koI cIja kabhI utpanna huI hai aura na utpanna ho sakatI hai aura na kabhI koI racayitA huA hai aura na ho sakatA hai / isase yaha bhI pariNAma nikalatA hai ki padArtha aura gatike pIche na koI yojanA ho sakatI thI aura na koI buddhi / binA gatike buddhi nahIM ho sakatI / binA padArthake gati nahIM ho sakatI / isaliye padArthase pahale kisI bhI taraha kisI buddhikI, kisI gatikI saMbhAvanA ho hI nahIM sakatI / isase yaha pariNAma nikalatA hai ki prakRtise pare na kucha hai aura na ho sakatA hai / yadi ye cAro zilAnyAsa yathArtha bAteM hai to prakRtikA koI svAmI nahI / yadi padArtha aura gati anAdi kAlase ananta kAla taka hai to yaha anivArya pariNAma nikalatA hai ki koI paramAtmA nahI hai aura na kisI paramAtmAne jagatako racA hai aura na koI isapara zAsana karatA haiM / aisA koI paramAtmA nahIM, jo prArthanAe~ sunatA ho / dUsare zabdoM meM isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki AdamIko bhagavAn se kabhI koI sahAyatA nahIM milI, tamAma prArthanAe~ ananta AkAzame yo hI vilIna ho gaI |''ydi padArtha aura gati sadAse calI AI hai to isakA yaha matalaba hai ki jo saMbhava thA vaha huA hai, jo saMbhava hai vaha ho rahA hai aura jo saMbhava hogA vahI hogA / vizvame koI bhI bAta yo hI acAnaka nahIM hotI / hara ghaTanA janita hotI hai / jo nahI huA vaha ho hI nahIM sakatA thA / vartamAna tamAma bhUtakA avazyaMbhAvI pariNAma hai aura bhaviSyakA avazyaM - bhAvI kAraNa /
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________________ jAnate haiM huA hai, AdamI kaha sakate haiM ki 118 jainadarzana yadi padArtha aura gati sadAse hai to hama kaha sakate hai ki AdamIkA koi cetana racayitA nahIM huA hai, AdamI kisIkI vizeSa racanA nahIM hai / yadi hama kucha jAnate hai to yaha jAnate hai ki usa devI kumhArane, usa brahmAne kabhI miTTI aura pAnI milA kara puruSoM tathA striyoMkI racanA nahIM ko aura unameM kabhI jAna nahIM phuuNkii|" samIkSA aura samanvaya-bhautikavAdake ukta mUla siddhAntake vivecanase nimnalikhita bAteM phalita hotI hai (1) vizva ananta svatantra maulika padArthoMkA samudAya hai / (2) pratyeka maulikameM virodhI zaktiyoMkA samAgama hai, jisake kAraNa usameM svabhAvataH gati yA parivartana hotA rahatA hai| (3) vizvakI racanA yojanA aura vyavasthA, usake apane nijI svabhAvake kAraNa hai, kisIke niyantraNase nhiiN| (4) kisI satkA na to sarvathA vinAza hotA hai aura na sarvathA asatkA utpAda hii| (5) jagatakA pratyeka aNu paramANu pratikSaNa gatizIla yAne parivartanazIla hai / ye parivartana pariNAmAtmaka bhI hote hai aura guNAtmaka bhii| (6) pratyeka vastu saikar3oM virodhI zaktiyoMkA samAgama hai / (7) jagatakA yaha parivartana cakra anAdi-ananta hai / hama ina niSkarmoMpara ThaMDe dila aura dimAgase vicAra kareM to jJAta hogA ki bhautikavAdiyoMko yaha vastusvarUpakI vivecanA vastusthitike viruddha nahIM hai / jahAM taka bhUtoMke viziSTa rAsAyanika mizraNase jIvatattvakI utpattikA prazna hai vahA~ taka unakA kahanA eka hada taka vicAraNIya hai| para sAmAnyasvarUpako vyAkhyA na kevala tarkasiddha hI hai kintu anubhavagamya bhI hai / inakA sabase maulika siddhAnta yaha hai ki pratyeka vastumeM svabhAvase hI do virodhI zaktiyA~ maujUda hai, jinake saMgharSase use gati milatI hai, usakA parivartana hotA hai aura jagatkA samasta kAryakAraNacakra calatA hai| maiM
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________________ lokavyavasthA 119 pahale likha AyA hU~ ki jainadarzanakI dravyavyavasthAkA mUla maMtra utpAdanavyaya-dhrauvyarUpa trilakSaNatA hai / bhautikavAdiyoMne jaba vastuke kAryakAraNapravAhako anAdi aura ananta svIkAra kiyA hai, aura ve satkA sarvathA vinAza aura asatkI utpatti jaba nahIM mAnate to unhoMne dravyakI avicchinna dhArA rUpa dhrauvyatvako spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hI hai| dhrauvyakA artha sarvathA apariNAmInitya aura kUTastha nahIM hai; kintu jo dravya anAdi kAlase isa vizvake raMgamaMcapara parivartana karatA huA calA A rahA hai, usakI parivartana dhArAkA kabhI samUloccheda nahIM honA hai / isake kAraNa eka dravya pratikSaNa apanI paryAyoMmeM badalatA huA bhI, kabhI na to samApta hotA hai aura na dravyAntarameM vilIna hI hotA hai / isa dravyAntara-asaMkrAntikA aura dravyakI kisI na kisI rUpameM sthitikA niyAmaka dhrauvyAMza hai| jisase bhautikabAdI bhI inakAra nahIM kara sakate / virodhI samAgama arthAt utpAda aura vyaya : jisa virodhI zaktiyoMke samAgamakI carcA unhoMne dvandvavAda (Dharectism) ke rUpameM kI hai vaha pratyeka dvavyameM rahanevAle unake nijI svabhAva utpAda aura vyaya hai| ina do virodhI zaktiyoMkI vajahase pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai| yAnI pUrvaparyAyakA vinAza aura uttaraparyAyakA utpAda pratikSaNa vastume nirapavAdarUpase hotA rahatA hai| pUrva paryAyakA vinAza hI uttarakA utpAda hai / ye donoM zaktiryA eka sAtha vastumeM apanA kAma karatI hai aura dhrauvyakti dravyakA maulikatva surakSita rakhatI hai| isa taraha anantakAla taka parivartana karate rahane para bhI dravya kabhI niHzeSa nahIM ho sktaa| usameM cAhe guNAtmaka parivartana hoM yA pariNAtmaka, kintu usakA apanA astitva kisI na kisI avasthA meM avazya hI rhegaa| isa taraha pratikSaNa trilatraNa padArtha eka kramase apanI 1. 'kAryotpAdaH kSayo hetoniyamAt"-AptamI0 zloka0 58 /
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________________ 120 jainadarzana paryAyoMmeM badalatA huA aura paraspara pariNamanoMko prabhAvita karatA huA bhI nizcita kAryakAraNaparamparAse Abaddha hai| Isa taraha 'bhautikavAda' ke vastuvivartanake sAmAnya siddhAnta jainadarzana ke ananta dravyavAda aura utpAdAdi trayAtmaka satke mUla siddhAntane jarA bhI bhinna nahIM haiN| jisa taraha AjakA vijJAna apanI prayogazAlAmeM bhautikavAdake ina sAmAnya siddhAntoMkI kar3I parIkSA de rahA hai isI taraha bhagavAna mahAvIrane apane anubhavaprasUta tattvajJAnake balapara Ajase 2500 varSa pahale jo yaha ghoSaNA kI thI ki-'pratyeka padArtha cAhe jar3a ho yA cetana, utpAdavyaya aura dhrauvyarUpase pariNAmI hai| "upapannei vA vigameha vA dhuvei vA" ( sthAnA0 sthA0 10 ) arthAt pratyeka padArtha utpanna hotA hai, naSTa hotA hai, aura sthira rahatA hai / ' unakI isa mAtRkAtridImeM jisa trayAtmaka pariNAmavAdakA pratipAdana huA thA, vahI siddhAnta vijJAnakI prayogazAlAmeM bhI apanI satyatAko siddha kara rahA hai / cetanasRSTi : vicAraNIya prazna itanA raha jAtA hai ki bhautikavAdameM inhoM jar3a paramANuoMse hI jo jIvasRSTi aura cetanasRSTikA vikAsa guNAtmaka parivartanake dvArA mAnA hai, vaha kahA~ taka ThIka hai ? acetanako cetana bananemeM karor3oM varSa lage haiN| isa cetana sRSTike honemeM karor3oM varSa yA araba varSa jo bhI lage hoM unakA anumAna to AjakA bhautika vijJAna kara letA hai; para vaha jisa taraha oNksIjana aura haoNiDrojana ko milAkara jala banA detA hai aura jalakA vizleSaNa kara punaH oNksIjana aura haoNiDrojana rUpase bhinnabhinna kara detA hai usa taraha asaMkhya prayoga karaneke bAda bhI na to Aja vaha eka bhI jIva taiyAra kara sakA hai, aura na svataHsiddha jIvakA vizleSaNa kara usa adRzya zaktikA sAkSAtkAra hI karA sakA hai, jisake kAraNa jIvita zarIrameM jJAna, icchA, prayatna Adi utpanna hote haiN|
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________________ lokavyavasthA 121 yaha to nizcita hai ki-bhautikavAdane jovasRSTikI paramparA karor3oM varSa pUrvase svIkAra kI hai aura Aja jo nayA jIva vikasita hotA hai, vaha kisI purAne jIvita selako kendra banAkara hii| aisI dazAmeM yaha anumAna ki 'kisI samaya jar3a pRthvI tarala rahI hogI, phira usameM ghanatva AyA aura amIvA Adi utpanna hue' kevala kalpanA hI mAlUma hotI hai / jo ho, vyavahArameM bhautikavAda bhI manuSya yA prANisRSTiko prakRitiko sarvottama sRSTi mAnatA hai, aura unakA pRthak-pRthak astitva bhI svIkAra karatA hai / vicAraNIya bAta itanI hI hai ki eka hI tattva paraspara viruddha cetana aura acetana donoM rUpase pariNamana kara sakatA hai kyA ? eka ora to ye jar3avAdI haiM jo jar3akA hI pariNamana cetanarUpase mAnate haiM, to dUsarI ora eka brahmavAda to isase bhI adhika kAlpanika hai, jo cetanakA hI jar3arUpase pariNamana mAnatA hai| jar3avAdameM parivartanakA prakAra, ananta jar3oMkA svataMtra astitva svIkAra karanese bana jAtA hai| isameM kevala eka hI prazna zeSa rahatA hai ki kyA jar3a bhI cetana bana sakatA hai ? para isa advaita cetanavAdameM to parivartana bhI asatya hai, anekatva bhI asatya hai, aura jar3a cetanakA bheda bhI asatya hai / eka kisI anirvacanIya mAyAke kAraNa eka hI brahma jar3a-cetana nAnArUpase pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai / jar3avAdake sAmAnya siddhAntoMkA parIkSaNa vijJAnakI prayogazAlAmeM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usako tathyatA siddha kI jA sakatI hai| para isa brahmavAdake lie to sivAya vizvAsake koI prabala yuktibala bhI prApta nahIM hai| vibhinna manuSyoM meM janmase hI vibhinna rujhAna aura buddhikA kavitA, saMgIta aura kalAke Adi vividha kSetroMmeM vikAsa Akasmika nahIM ho sakatA / isakA koI Thosa aura satya kAraNa avazya honA hI caahie| samAjavyavasthAke lie jar3avAdakI anupayogitA : jisa sahayogAtmaka samAjavyavasthAke lie bhautikavAda manuSyakA saMsAra garbhase maraNa taka hI mAnanA cAhatA hai, usa vyavasthAke lie yaha
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________________ 122 jainadarzana bhautikavAdI praNAlI koI prAbhAvika upAya nahIM hai / jaba manuSya yaha socatA hai ki merA astitva zarIrake sAtha hI samApta honevAlA hai, to vaha bhogavilAsa Adiko vRttise virakta hokara kyoM rASTranirmANa aura samAjavAdI vyavasthAkI ora jhukegA ? cetana AtmAoMke svatantra astitva aura vyaktitva svIkAra kara lenepara tathA unameM pratikSaNa svAbhAvika parivartanakI yogyatA mAna lenepara to anukUla vikAsakA ananta kSetra sAmane upasthita ho jAtA hai, jisameM manuSya apane samagra puruSArthakA, khulakara upayoga kara sakatA hai / yadi manuSyoMko kevala bhautika mAnA jAtA hai, to bhUsajanya varNa aura" vaMza AdikI zreSThatA aura kaniSThatAkA prazna sIdhA sAmane AtA hai / kintu isa bhUtajanya vaMza, raMga Adike sthUla bhedoMkI ora dRSTi na kara jaba samasta manuSya-AtmAoMkA mUlataH samAna adhikAra aura svatantra vyaktitva mAnA jAtA hai, to hI sahayogamUlaka samAja-vyavasthAke ke lie upayukta bhUmikA prastuta hotI hai / samAjavyavasthAkA AdhAra samatA : jainadarzanane pratyeka jar3a-cetana tattvakA apanA svatantra astitva mAnA hai / mUlataH eka dravyakA dUsare dravyapara koI adhikAra nahIM haiN| saba apaneapane pariNAmI svabhAvake anusAra pratikSaNa parivartita hote jA rahe haiM / jaba isa prakArako svAbhAvika samabhUmikA dravyoMkI svIkRta hai, taba yaha anadhikAra ceSTAse ikaTThe kiye gaye parigrahake saMgrahase prApta viSamatA, apane Apa asvAbhAvika aura aprAkRtika siddha hotI jAtI hai| yadi pratibuddha mAnava-samAja samAna adhikArake AdhArapara apane vyavahArake lie sarvodayako dRSTise koI bhI vyavasthAkA nirmANa karate haiM to vaha unakI sahajasiddha pravRtti hI mAnI jAnI caahie| eka Izvarako jaganniyantA mAnakara usake Adeza yA paigAmake nAmapara kisI jAtikI uccatA aura vizeSAdhikAra tathA pavitratAkA DhiMDhorA pITanA aura usake dvArA jagatameM varga
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________________ lokavyavasthA 123 svArthakI sRSTi karanA, tAttvika aparAdha to hai hI, sAtha hI yaha naitika bhI nahIM hai / isa mahAprabhukA nAma lekara vargasvArthI guTane saMsArame jo azAnti yuddha aura khUna kI nadiyA~ bahAI hai use dekhakara yadi sacamuca koI Izvara hotA to vaha svayaM Akara apane ina bhaktoM ko sApha-sApha kaha detA ki 'mere nAmapara isa nikRSTarUpame svArthakA nagna poSaNa na karo / ' tattvajJAnake kSetrame dRSTi - viparyyAma honese manuSyako dUsare prakArase socanekA avasara ho nahIM milA / bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddhane apane-apane DhaMgase isa durdRSTikI ora dhyAna dilAyA, aura mAnavako samatA aura ahisAkI sarvodayI bhUmipara khar3e hokara socanekI preraNA dI / jagat ke svarUpake do pakSa : 1 vijJAnavAda : " jagatake svarUpake sambandhame sthUla rUpase do pakSa pahalese hI pracalita rahe hai / eka pakSa to ina bhautikavAdiyoMkA thA, jo jagatako Thosa satya mAnate rahe / dUsarA pakSa vijJAnavAdiyoMkA thA, jo saMvitti yA anubhavake sivAya kisI bAhya jJeyakI sattAko svIkAra nahIM karanA caahte| unake matase' buddhi hI vividha vAsanAoke kAraNa nAnA rUpame pratibhAsita hotI hai / vizapa, varkale yoma aura haigala Adi pazcimI tattvavektA bhI saMvedanAoke pravAhase bhinna saMvedyakA astitva nahIM mAnanA caahte| jisa prakAra svapname bAhya padArthoke abhAvameM bhI aneka prakArake arthakriyAkArI dRzya upasthita hote hai usI taraha jAgRti bhI eka lambA sapanA hai / svapnajJAnakI taraha jAgRtajJAna bhI nirAlambana hai, kevala pratibhAsamAtra hai / inake matase mAtra jJAnakI hI pAramArthika sattA hai / iname bhI aneka matabheda hai 1 vedAntI eka nitya aura vyApaka brahmakA hI pAramArthika Astitva 1. " avibhAgo'pi buddhadhAtmA viparyAsitadarzanaiH / grAhyagrAhakasaMvittimedavAniva lakSyate // " - pramANavA0 3 | 435 /
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________________ 124 jainadarzana svIkAra karate hai / yahI brahma nAnAvidha jIvAtmAoM aura ghaTapaTAdi bAhya arthoMke rUpameM pratibhAsita hotA hai / 2. saMvedanAdvaitavAdI kSaNika paramANurUpa aneka jJAnakSaNoMkA pRthak pAramArthika astitva svIkAra karate hai / inake matase jJAnasaMtAna hI apanIapanI vAsanAoMke anusAra vibhinna padArthoMke rUpame bhAsita honI hai / 3. eka jJAnasantAna mAnanevAle bhI saMvedanAdvaitavAdI hai / bAhyArtha lopakI isa vicAradhArAkA AdhAra yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki pratyeka vyakti apanI kalpanAke anusAra padArthoMmeM zabda - saMketa karake vyavahAra karatA hai / jaise eka pustakako dekhakara usa dharmakA anuyAyI use 'dharmagrantha ' samajhakara pUjya mAnatA hai, pustakAdhyakSa use anya pustakoMkI taraha eka 'sAmAnya pustaka' samajhatA hai, to dukAnadAra use 'raddI' ke bhAva kharIdakara usase pur3iyA bA~dhatA hai, bhaMgI use ' kUr3A kacar3A' samajhakara jhAr3a detA hai aura gAya-bhaisa Adi use 'pudgaloMkA puMja' samajhakara 'ghAsa' kI taraha khA jAte hai / aba Apa vicAra kIjiye ki pustakame dharmagrantha, pustaka, raddI, kacarA aura eka khAdya AdikI saMjJAe~ tat tat vyaktiyoke jJAnase hI AyI hai, arthAt dharmagrantha pustaka AdikA sadbhAva una vyaktiyo ke jJAname hai, bAhara nahI / isa taraha dharmagrantha aura pustaka AdikI vyAvahArika sattA hai, pAramArthika nahI / yadi inako pAramArthika sattA hotI to binA kisI saMketa aura saMskArake vaha sabako usI rUpameM dikhanI cAhie thI / ataH jagata kevala kalpanAmAtra hai, usakA koI vAhya astitva nahIM / bAhya padArthoke svarUpapara jaise-jaise vicAra karate hai-- unakA svarUpa eka, aneka, ubhaya aura anubhaya Adi kisI rUpa me bhI siddha nahIM ho pAtA / antataH unakA astitva tadAkAra jJAnase hI to siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadi nIlAkAra jJAna maujUda hai, to bAhya nIlake mAnane kI
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________________ lokavyavasthA 125 kyA AvazyakatA hai ? aura 'yadi nIlAkAra jJAna nahIM hai to usa bAhya nIlakA astitva hI kaise siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ataH jJAna hI bAhya aura Antara, grAhya aura grAhaka rUpameM svayaM prakAzamAna hai, koI bAhyArtha nahIM hai| ___ sabase bar3A prazna yaha hai ki-jJAna yA anubhava kisI padArthakA hI to hotA hai / vijJAnavAdI svapnakA dRSTAnta dekara bAhyapadArthakA lopa karanA cAhate hai| kintu svapnako agni aura bAhya sat agnime jo vAstavika antara hai, vaha to eka choTA bAlaka bhI samajha sakatA hai| samasta prANI ghaTa paTa Adi bAhya padArthose apanI iSTa arthakriyA karake AkAMkSAoMko zAnta karate hai aura maMtoSakA anubhava karate hai, jaba ki svapnadRSTi vA aindrajAlika padArthose na to arthakriyA hI hotI hai aura na tajjanya saMtoSakA anubhava ho / unakI kAlpanikatA to pratibhAsakAlame hI jJAta ho jAtI hai / dharmagrantha, pustaka, raddI Adi 'maMjJAeM' manuSyakRta aura kAlpanika ho sakatI hai, para jisa vajanavAle rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparzavAle sthUla Thosa padArthameM ye saMjJAeM kI jAtI hai, vaha to kAlpanika nahIM hai| vaha to Thosa, vajanadAra, sapratigha aura rUpa-rasAdi-guNoMkA AdhAra paramArthasat padArtha hai / isa padArthako apane-apane saMketake anusAra cAhe koI dharmagrantha kahe, koI pustaka, koI kitAba, koI buka yA anya kucha kahe, ye saMketa vyavahArake liye apanI paramparA aura vAsanAoMke anusAra hote hai, usameM koI Apatti nahIM hai, para usa Thosa pudgalase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dRSTi-sRSTikA bhI artha yahI hai ki sAmane rakhe hue paramArthasat Thosa padArthameM apanI-apanI dRSTike anusAra aneka purupa aneka prakArake vyavahAra 1 "dhiyo nIlAdirUpatve bAhyo'rthaH kipramANakaH ? dhiyo'nIlAdirUpatve sa tasyAnubhavaH katham // " -prmaannvaa031433|
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________________ 126 jainadarzana karate haiM / unakI vyavahArasaMjJAyeM bhale hI prAtibhAsika hoM, para vaha padArtha, jisameM ye saMjJAyeM kI jAtI haiM, vijJAnakI taraha hI paramArthasat hai / jJAna padArthapara nirbhara ho sakatA hai, na ki padArtha jJAnapara / jagatameM ananta aise padArtha bhare par3e haiM, jinakA hameM jJAna nahIM hotA / jJAnake pahale bhI ve padArtha the aura jJAnake bAda bhI rhege| hamArA indriya-jJAna to padArthoMkI upasthiti vinA ho hI nahIM sakatA nIlAkAra jJAnase to kapar3A nahIM raMgA jA sakatA / kapar3A raMganeke lie Thosa jaDa nIla cAhie, jo Thosa aura jar3a kapar3eke pratyeka tantuko nIlA banAtA haiM / yadi koI paramArthasat nIla artha na ho, to nIlAkAra vAsanA kahA~ se utpanna hogI ? vAsanA to pUrvAnubhavakI uttara dazA hai / yadi jagatameM nIla artha nahIM hai to jJAnameM lAkAra kahA~ se AyA ? vAsanA nIlAkAra kaise bana gaI ? / tAtparya yaha ki vyavahArake lie kI jAnevAlI saMjJAe~, iSTa-aniSTa aura sundara-asundara Adi kalpanAe~ bhale hI vikalpakalpita hoM aura dRSTisRSTikI sImA meM hoM, para jisa AdhArapara ye kalpanAe~ kalpita hotI haiM, vaha AdhAra Thosa aura satya hai / 'viSake jJAnase maraNa nahIM hotA / viSakA jJAna jisa prakAra paramArthasat hai, usI taraha viSa padArtha, viSakA khAnevAlA aura viSake saMyogase honevAlA zarIragata rAsAyanika pariNamana bhI paramArthasat hI haiM / parvata, makAna, nadI Adi padArtha yadi jJAnAtmaka hI haiM, to unameM mUrtatva / sthUlatva aura taralatA Adi kaise A sakate haiM ? jJAnasvarUpa nadImeM snAna yA jJAnAtmaka jalase tRSAkI zAnti aura jJAnAtmaka pattharase sira to nahIM phUTa sakatA ? yadi jJAnase bhinna mUrta zabdakI sattA na ho to saMsArakA samasta zAbdika vyavahAra lupta ho jAyagA / parapratipattike lie jJAnase atirikta vacanakI sattA mAnanA Avazyaka haiM / phira, 'amuka jJAna pramANa hai aura 1 " na hi jAtu viSajJAnaM maraNaM prati dhAvati / " nyAyavi 0 1 / 69 /
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________________ lokavyavasthA 127 amuka apramANa' yaha bheda jJAnoMmeM kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai / jJAnameM tattva - atattva, artha - anartha, aura pramANa- apramANakA bheda bAhyavastukI hI nirbhara karatA hai / svAmI samantabhadrane ThIka hI kahA hai sattA para "buddhizabdapramANatvaM bAhyArthe sati nA'sati / satyAnRtavyavasthaivaM yujyate'rthAptyanAptiSu // " - AptamI0 zlo0 87 arthAt buddhi aura zabdakI pramANatA bAhyapadArthake hone para hI siddha kI jA sakatI hai, abhAva meM nahIM / isI taraha artha kI prApti aura aprAptise hI satyatA aura mithyApana batAyA jA sakatA hai / bAhyapadArthoMmeM paraspara virodhI aneka dharmokA samAgama dekhakara usake virAT svarUpa taka na pahu~ca sakaneke kAraNa usakI sattAse hI inakAra karanA, apanI azakti yA nAsamajhIko vicAre padArtha para lAda denA hai / yadi hama bAhya padArthoM ke ekAneka svabhAvoMkA vivecana nahIM kara sakate, to isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki una padArthoM ke astitvase hI sarvathA ina-kAra kiyA jAya / anantadharmAtmaka padArthakA pUrNa vivecana, apUrNa jJAna aura zabdoMke dvArA asambhava bhI hai / jisa prakAra eka saMvedana jJAna svayaM jJeyAkAra, jJAnAkAra aura jJapti rUpase aneka AkAra-prakArakA anubhavameM AtA haiM usI prakAra pratyeka padArtha aneka virodhI dharmokA avirodhI AdhAra hai / aphalAtuM tarka karatA thA ki - " kursIkA kATha kar3A hai / kar3A na hotA to hamAre bojhako kaise sahAratA ? aura kATha narma hai, yadi narma na hotA to kulhAr3A use kaise kATa sakatA ? aura cU~ki do virodhI guNoMkA eka jagaha honA asambhava hai, isalie yaha kar3Apana, yaha naramapana aura kursI sabhI asatya haiM / " aphalAtu girobI do dharmoM ko dekhakara hI ghabar3A jAtA hai aura unheM asatya honekA phatavA de detA hai, jaba ki svayaM jJAna bhI jJeyAkAra aura jJAnAkAra ina virodhI do dharmokA AdhAra banA huA usake sAmane hai |
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________________ 128 jainadarzana ataH jJAna jisa prakAra apanemeM satya padArtha hai, usI taraha saMsArake ananta jar3a padArtha bhI apanI svatantra sattA rakhate haiN| jJAna padArtha ko utpanna nahIM karatA kintu apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna ananta jar3a padArthoM ko jJAna mAtra jAnatA hai / pRthak siddha jJAna aura padArthameM jJeyajJAyakabhAva hotA hai / cetana aura acetana donoM prakArake padArtha svayaM siddha hai aura svayaM apanI pRthak sattA rakhate haiN| loka aura aloka : cetana acetana dravyoMkA sasudAya yaha loka zAzvata aura anAdi isalie hai ki isake ghaTaka dravya pratikSaNa parivartana karate rahane para bhI apanI saMkhyAmeM na to ekako kamI karate haiM aura na ekako bar3hatI hii| isIlie yaha avasthita kahA jAtA hai / AkAza ananta hai| pudgala dravya paramANu rUpa haiM / kAla dravya kAlANurUpa haiM / dharma, adharma aura jIva asaMkhyAta pradezavAle haiM / inameM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla niSkriya haiM / jIva aura pudgalameM hI kriyA hotI hai| AkAza ke jitane hisse taka ye chahoM dravya pAye jAte haiM, vaha loka kahalAtA hai aura usase pare kevala AkAzamAtra aloka / cUMki jIva aura pudgaloMkI gati aura sthitimeM dharmadravya aura adharmadravya sAdhAraNa nimitta hote haiM / ataH jahA~taka dharma aura adharma dravyakA sadbhAva hai, vahIM taka jIva aura pudgalakA gamana aura sthAna sambhava hai / isIlie AkAzake usa puruSAkAra madhya bhAgako loka kahate haiM jo dharmadravyake barAbara hai| yadi ina dharma aura adharma dravyako svIkAra na kiyA jAya to loka aura alokakA vibhAga hI nahIM bana sktaa| ye to lokake mApadaNDake -samAna hai| loka svayaM siddha hai| yaha loka svayaM siddha hai; kyoMki inake ghaTaka sabhI dravya svayaM siddha haiN| unakI kAryakAraNaparamparA, parivartana svabhAva, paraspara nimittattA
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________________ lokavyavasthA 129 aura anyonya prabhAvakatA, anAdi kAlase barAbara calI A rahI haiN| isake lie kisI vidhAtA, niyantA, adhiSThAtA yA vyavasthApakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / RtuoMkA parivartana, rAta-dinakA vibhAga, nadI-nAle, pahAr3a AdikA vivartana Adi saba pudgaladravyoMke paraspara saMyoga, vibhAga, saMzleSa aura vizleSa Adike kAraNa svayaM hote rahate haiM / sAmAnyataH hara dravya apanI paryAyoMkA upAdAna hai, aura samprApta sAmagrIke anusAra apaneko badalatA rahatA hai / isI taraha ananta kAryakAraNabhAvoMko svayameva sRSTi hotI rahatI hai / hamArI sthUla dRSTi jina parivartanoM ko dekhakara Azcarya cakita hotI hai, ve acAnaka nahIM ho jAte / kintu unake pIche pariNa - manoMkI sunizcita paraMparA hai / hameM to asaMkhya pariNamanoMkA ausata aura sthUla rUpa hI dikhAI detA hai / pratikSaNabhAvI sUkSma pariNamana aura unake ananta kAryakAraNajAlako samajhanA sAdhAraNa buddhikA kArya nahIM hai / dUrakI bAta jAne dIjiye, sarvathA aura sarvadA atisamIpa zarIrako hI le lIjie | usake bhItara nasAjAla, rudhirapravAha aura pAkayaMtra meM kitane prakArake parivartana pratikSaNa hote rahate haiM, jinakA spaSTa jJAna karanA duHzakya hai | jaba ve parivartana eka nizcita dhArAko pakar3akara kisI visphoTaka rAgake rUpameM hamAre sAmane upasthita hote haiM, taba hameM ceta AtA hai / jagat paramArthika aura svataHsiddha hai : dRzya jagata paramANurUpa svatantra dravyoMkA mAtra dikhAva hI nahIM hai, kintu ananta pudgalaparamANuoMke bane hue skandhoMkA banAva hai / hara skandhake antargata paramANuoMmeM paraspara itanA prabhAvaka rAsAyanika sambandha hai ki sabakA apanA svatantra pariNamana hote hue bhI unake pariNamanoMmeM itanA sAdRzya hotA hai ki lagatA hai, jaise inakI pRthak sattA hI na ho / eka Amake phalarUpa skandhameM sambaddha paramANu amuka kAla taka eka jaisA pariNamana karate hue bhI paripAka kAlameM kahIM pIle, kahIM hare, kahIM khaTTe,
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________________ 130 jainadarzana kahIM moThe, kahIM pakkagandhI, kahIM AmagandhI, kahIM komala aura kahIM kaThora Adi vividha prakArake pariNamanoMko karate hue spaSTa dikhAI dete haiM / isI taraha parvata Adi mahAskandha sAmAnyatayA sthUladRSTise eka dikhAI dete haiM, para haiM ve asaMkhya pudgalANuoMke viziSTa sambandhako prApta piNDa hI / jaba paramANu kisI skandhameM zAmila hote haiM, taba bhI unakA vyaktizaH pariNamana rukatA nahIM hai, vaha to avirAmagati se calatA rahatA hai / usake ghaTaka sabhI paramANu apane balAbala ke anusAra morcebandI karake pariNamanayuddha Arambha karate haiM aura vijayI paramANusamudAya zeSa paramANuoM ko amuka prakArakA pariNamana karaneke lie bAdhya kara dete haiM / yaha yuddha anAdi kAla se calA hai aura anantakAla taka barAbara calatA jAyagA / pratyeka paramANumeM bhI apanI utpAda aura vyaya zaktikA dvandva sadA calatA rahatA hai| yadi Apa sImenTa phaikTarIke usa bAyalarako ThaMDe zIzese dekheM to usameM asaMkhya paramANuoMkI atitIvra gatise honevAlI uthala-puthala Apake mAtheko cakarA degI | tAtparya yaha ki mUlataH utpAda-vyayazIla aura gatizIla paramANuoMke viziSTa samudAyarUpa vibhinna skandhoMkA samudAya yaha dRzya jagata "pratikSaNaM gacchatIti jagat" apanI isa gatizIla 'jagata' saMjJAko sArthaka kara rahA hai / isa svAbhAvika, suniyaMtrita, suvyavasthita, suyojita aura susambaddha vizvakA niyojana svata: hai use kisI sarvAntaryAmIkI buddhikI koI apekSA nahIM hai / yaha ThIka hai ki manuSya prakRtike svAbhAvika kAryakAraNatattvoMkI jAnakArI karake unameM tAratamya, hera-phera aura unapara eka hada taka prabhutva sthApita kara sakatA hai, aura isa yAMtrika yugameM manuSyane vizAlakAya yantroMmeM prakRtike aNupuJjoMko svecchita pariNamana karaneke liye bAdhya bhI kiyA hai / aura jaba taka yaMtrakA paMjA unako daboce hai taba taka ve barAvara apanI dravyayogyatA ke anusAra usa rUpase pariNamana kara bhI rahe haiM aura
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________________ 131 lokavyavasthA karate bhI raheMge, kintu ananta mahAsamudrameM budbudke samAna ina yaMtroMkA kitanA-sA prabhutva ? isI taraha ananta paramANuoM ke niyantraka eka IzvarakI kalpanA manuSyake apane kamajora aura Azcaryacakita dimAgakI upaja hai| jaba buddhike uSAkAlameM mAnavane ekAeka bhayaMkara tUphAna, gaganacumbI parvatamAlAe~, vikarAla samudra aura phaTatI huI jvAlAmukhIke zailAva dekhe to yaha sira pakar3a kara baiTha gayA aura apanI samajhameM na AnevAlI adRzya zaktike Age usane mAthA TekA, aura hara AzcaryakArI vastumeM use devatvakI kalpanA huI / inhIM asaMkhya devoMmeMse eka devoMkA deva mahAdeva bhI banA, jisakI buniyAda bhaya, kautUhala aura AzcaryakI bhUmipara khar3I huI hai aura kAyama bhI usI bhUmipara raha sakatI haiN|
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________________ 5. padArthakA svarUpa hama pahale batA Aye haiM ki pratyeka padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura progya rUpase vilakSaNa hai| dravyakA sAmAnyalakSaNa pariNamanakI dRSTise utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyAtmakatva hI hai / pratyeka padArtha aneka guNa aura paryAyoMkA AdhAra hai / guNa dravyameM rahate haiM, para svayaM nirguNa hote haiN| ye guNa dravyake svabhAva hote haiN| inhIM guNoMke pariNamanase dravyakA pariNamana lakSita hotA hai / jaise ki cetana dravyameM jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya Adi aneka sahabhAvI guNa haiM / ye guNa pratikSaNa dravyake utpAda-vyaya svabhAvake anusAra kisI-nakisI avasthAko pratikSaNa dhAraNa karate rahate haiM / jJAna guNa jisa samaya jisa padArthako jAnatA hai, usa samaya tadAkara hokara 'ghaTajJAna, paTajJAna' bhAdi vizeSa paryAyoMko prApta hotA jAtA hai| isI taraha sukha Adi guNabhI apanI bAhyAbhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra taratamAdi paryAyoMko dhAraNa karate haiM / pudgalakA eka paramANu rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ina vizeSa guNoMkA yugapat avirodhI AdhAra hai| parivartanapara car3hA huA yaha pudgala paramANu apane utpAda aura vyayako bhI inhIM guNoMke dvArA prakaTa karatA hai, arthAt rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi guNoMkA parivartana hI dravyakA parivartana hai / ina guNoMkI vartamAnakAlIna jo avasthA hotI hai vaha paryAya kahalAtI hai| guNa kisI-na-kisI paryAyako pratikSaNa dhAraNa karatA hai| guNa aura paryAyakA dravya hI Thosa aura maulika AdhAra hai| yaha dravya guNoMko koI-na-koI paryAya pratikSaNa dhAraNa karatA hai aura kisI-na-kisI pUrva paryAyako chor3atA hai| 1. "guNaparyayavad dravyam / " -tattvArthasUtra 5 / 38 / 2. "dravyAzrayA nirguNA gunnaaH|" -tattvArthasUtra 5 / 40
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________________ padArtha kA svarUpa 133 guNa aura dharma : vastumeM guNa parigaNita haiM, kintu parakI apekSA vyavahArameM zrAnevAle dharma ananta hote haiM / guNa svabhAvabhUta haiM aura inakI pratIti paranirapekSa hotI hai, jabaki dharmokI pratIti parasApekSa hotI hai aura vyavahAra ke lie inakI abhivyakti vastukI yogyatAke anusAra hotI rahatI hai / jIvake asAdhAraNa guNa jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya Adi aura sAdhAraNa guNa haiM vastutva, prameyatva, sattva Adi haiM / pudgalake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza AsAdhAraNa guNa haiM / dharma dravyakA gatihetutva, adharma dravyakA sthitihetutva, AkAzakA avagAhananimittatva aura kAlakA vartanAhetutva asAdhAraNa guNa hai / inake sAdhAraNa guNa vastutva, sattva, prameyatva ra abhidheyatva Adi haiM / jIvameM jJAnAdi guNoMkI sattA aura pratIti paranipekSa arthAt svAbhAvika hai, kintu choTApana bar3Apana, pitRtva-putratva aura gurutva - ziSyatva Adi dharma parasApekSa haiM / yadyapi inakI yogyatA jIva meM hai, para jJAnAdike samAna ye svarasataH guNa nahIM haiM / isI taraha pudgalameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ye to svAbhAvika - paranirapekSa guNa haiM, parantu choTApana, bar3Apana, eka, do, tIna Adi saMkhyAe~ aura saMketake anusAra hone vAlI zabdavAcyatA Adi aise dharma haiM jinakI abhivyakti vyavahArArtha hotI hai / eka hI padArtha apane se bhinna ananta dUra-dUratara aura dUratama padArthoM kI apekSA ananta prakArakI dUrI aura samIpatA rakhatA hai / isI taraha apane se choTe aura bar3e ananta parapadArthoMkI apekSA ananta prakArakA choTApana aura bar3Apana rakhatA hai / para ye saba dharma cU~ki parasApekSa prakaTa honevAle haiM, ataH inheM guNoMkI zreNImeM nahIM rakha sakate / guNakA lakSaNa AcAryane nimnalikhita prakArase kiyA hai-- """ guNa iti davvavihANaM davvaviyAro ya pajjavo bhaNiyo / " arthAt - guNa dravyakA vidhAna, yAnI nija prakAra hai, aura paryAya dravyakA 1. uddhRta - sarvArthasiddhi 5 / 38 /
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________________ 134 jainadarzana vikAra arthAt avasthAvizeSa hai| isa taraha dravya pariNamanako dRSTise guNaparyAyAtmaka hokara bhI vyavahArameM ananta paradravyoMkI apekSA anantadharmA rUpase pratItikA viSaya hotA hai| artha sAmAnyavizepAtmaka hai : ___ bAhya arthakI pRthak sattA siddha ho jAneke bAda vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki arthakA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai ? hama pahale vatA Aye hai ki sAmAnyataH pratyeka padArtha anantadharmAtmaka aura utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyazAlI hai| isakA maMkSepame hama sAmAnyavizeSAtmakake rUpameM bhI vivecana kara sakate hai| pratyeka padArthameM do prakArake astitva hai-svarUpAstitva aura sAdRzyAstitva / pratyeka dravyako anya sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyase asaMkIrNa rakhanevAlA aura usake svataMtra vyaktitvakA prayojaka svarUpAstitva hai / isIke kAraNa pratyeka dravyako paryAyeM apanese bhinna kimI bhI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyakI paryAyoMse asaMkIrNa banI rahatI hai aura apanA pRthak astitva banAye rakhatI hai / yaha svarUpAstitva jahA~ itara dravyoMse vivakSitadravyako vyAvRtti karAtA hai, vahA~ apanI kAlakramase honevAlI paryAyoMmeM anugata bhI rahatA hai / isa svarUpAstitvase apanI paryAyoMmeM anugata pratyaya utpanna hotA hai aura itara dravyoMse vyAvRtta pratyaya / isa svarUpAstitvako UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate hai| yahI dravya kahalAtA hai, kyoMki yahI apanI kramika paryAyoMmeM dravita hotA hai saMtatiparaMparAse prApta hotA hai| bauddhoMkI saMtati aura isa svarUpAstitvameM nimnalikhita bheda vicAraNIya hai / svarUpAstitva aura santAna : jisa taraha jaina eka svarUpAstitva arthAt dhrauvya yA dravya mAnate hai, usI taraha bauddha santAna svIkAra karate hai| pratyeka dravya pratikSaNa apanI 1. "dravyaparyAyasAmAnyavizeSAtmArthavedanam / " -nyAyavini0 1 / 3 /
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________________ padArthakA svarUpa 135 arthaparyAya rUpase pariNamana karatA hai, usameM aisA koI bhI sthAyI aMza nahIM bacatA jo dvitIya kSaNameM paryAyoMke rUpameM na badalatA ho / yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki usakA koI eka aMza bilakula aparivartanazIla rahatA hai, aura kucha aMza parivartanazIla; to nitya tathA kSaNika donoM pakSoMmeM diye jAnevAle doSa aisI vastu meM Aya~ge / kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha mAnaneke kAraNa paryAyoMke parivartita hone para dravyameM koI aparivartiSNu aMza baca hI nahIM sakatA / anyathA usa aparivartiSNu aMzase tAdAtmya rakhaneke kAraNa zeSa aMza bhI aparivartanazIla hI siddha hoMge / isa taraha koI eka mArga ho pakar3anA hogA - yA to vastu nitya mAnI jAya, yA bilakula parivartanazIla yAnI cetana vastu bhI acetanarUpase pariNamana karanevAlI / ina donoM antima sImAoMke madhyakA ho vaha mArga hai, jise hama dravya kahate haiM / jo na bilakula aparivartanazIla hai aura na itanA vilakSaNa parivartana karane - vAlA, jisase eka dravya apane dravyatvakI sImAko lA~ghakara dUsare kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyarUpase pariNata ho jAya / sIdhe zabdoMmeM dhrauvyakI yahI paribhASA ho sakatI hai ki 'kisI eka dravya ke pratikSaNa pariNamana karate rahane para bhI usakA kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyAntararUpase pariNamana nahIM honA / isa svarUpAstitvakA nAma hI dravya, dhauvya, yA guNa hai / bauddhoM ke dvArA mAnI gaI saMtAnakA bhI yahI kArya hai / vaha niyata pUrNakSaNakA niyata uttarakSaNake sAtha hI samanantarapratyayake rUpameM kAryakAraNabhAva banAtA hai, anya sajAtIya yA vijAtIya kSaNAntarase nahIM / tAtparya yaha hai ki isa saMtAnake kAraNa eka pUrvacetanakSaNa apanI dhArAke uttaracetanakSaNake lie hI samanantarapratyaya yAnI upAdAna hotA hai, anya cetanAntara yA acetanakSaNakA nahIM / isa taraha tAttvika dRSTise dravya yA saMtAnake kArya yA upayoga meM koI antara nahIM hai / antara hai to kevala usake zAbdika svarUpake nirUpaNa meM /
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________________ 136 jainadarzana bauddha' isa saMtAnako paMkti aura senA vyavahArakI taraha 'mRSA' kahate haiM / jaise dasa manuSya eka lAina meM khar3e haiM aura amuka manuSya ghor3e Adi kA eka samudAya hai, to unameM paMkti yA senA nAmakI koI eka anusyUta vastu nahIM hai, phira bhI unameM paMkti aura senA vyavahAra ho jAtA hai, usI taraha pUrva aura uttara kSaNoMmeM vyavahRta honevAlI santAna bhI 'mRSA' yAne asatya hai| isa saMtAnakI sthitise dravyakI sthiti vilakSaNa prakArakI hai / vaha kisI manuSyake dimAgameM rahanevAlI kevala kalpanA nahIM hai, kintu kSaNakI taraha satya hai| jaise paMktike antargata dasa bhinna sattAvAle puruSoMmeM eka paMkti nAmakA vAstavika padArtha nahIM hai, phira bhI isa prakArake saMketa se paMkti vyavahAra ho jAtA hai, usI taraha apanI kramika paryAyoMmeM pAyA jAnevAlA svarUpAstitva bhI sAMketika nahIM hai, kintu paramArthasat hai / 'mRSA' se satyavyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| binA eka tAttvika svarUpAstitvake kramika paryAyeM eka dhArAmeM asaMkarabhAvase nahIM cala sktiiN| paMktike anta. rgata eka puruSa apanI icchAnusAra usa paMktise vicchinna ho sakatA hai, para koI bhI paryAya cAhanepara bhI na to apane dravyase vicchinna ho sakatI hai, aura na dravyAntarameM vilIna hI, aura na apanA krama chor3akara Age jA sakatI hai aura na piiche| saMtAnakA khokhalApana : bauddha ke saMtAnakI avAstavikatA aura khokhalApana taba samajhameM AtA hai, jaba ve nirvANameM cittasaMtatikA samUloccheda svIkAra kara lete haiM, arthAt sarvathA abhAvavAdI nirvANameM yadi citta dIpakakI taraha bujha jAtA hai, to vaha citta eka dIrghakAlika dhArAke rUpameM hI rahanevAlA asthAI padArtha rahA / usakA apanA maulikatva bhI sArvakAlika nahIM huA, kintu isa 1. "santAnaH samudAyazca pngktisenaadivnmRssaa|" -bodhicaryA0 pR. 334 /
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________________ padArthakA svarUpa 137 taraha eka svataMtra padArthakA sarvathA uccheda svIkAra karanA yukti aura anubhava donoMse viruddha hai / yadyapi buddhane nirvANake svarUpake sambandhameM apanA mauna rakhakara isa praznako avyAkRta koTimeM rakhA thA, kintu Ageke AcAoMne usakI pradIpa-nirvANako taraha jo vyAkhyA kI hai, usase nirvANakA ucchedAtmaka svarUpa hI phalita hotA hai / yathA"dizaM na kAJcit vidizaM na kAzcit , naivAvani gacchati nAntarikSam / dIpo yathA nirvRtimabhyupetaH snehakSayAt kevalameti zAntim / / dizaM na kAzcit vidizaM na kAJcit naivAvaniM gacchati nAntarikSam / AtmA tathA nirvRtimabhyupetaH klezakSayAt kevalameti zAntim // " -saundarananda 16 / 28-26 / arthAt-jisa prakAra bujhA huA dIpaka na kisI dizAko jAtA hai, na vidizAko, na AkAzako aura na pAtAlako, kintu telake kSaya ho jAne para kevala bujha jAtA hai, usI taraha nirvANa avasthAmeM citta na dizAko jAtA hai, na vidizAko, na AkAzako aura na pRthvoko| vaha klezake kSayase kevala zAnta ho jAtA hai| ucchedAtmaka nirvANa aprAtItika hai : isa taraha jaba ucchedAtmaka nirvANameM cittako santAna bhI samApta ho jAtI hai, to usa 'mRSA' santAnake balapara saMsAra avasthAmeM karmaphalasambandha, bandha, mokSa, smRti aura pratyabhijJAna Adiko vyavasthAeM banAnA kaccI nIvapara makAna banAneke samAna haiN| jhUThI saMtAnameM karmavAsanAkA saMskAra
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________________ 138 jainadarzana mAnakara usImeM kapAsake bIjameM lAkhake saMskArase raMgabhedako' kalpanAko taraha phalako saMgati baiThAnA bhI nahIM jama sktaa| kapAsake bIjake jina paramANuoMko lAkhake raMgase sIMcA thA, ve hI svarUpasat paramANuparyAya badalakara ruIke paudheko zakalameM vikasita hue haiM, aura unhoMmeM usa saMskArakA phala vilakSaNa lAla raMgake rUpameM AyA hai| yAnI isa dRSTAntameM sabhI cIjeM vastusat hai , 'mRpA' nahIM, kintu jisa santAnapara bauddha karmavAsanAoMkA saMskAra denA cAhate haiM aura jise usakA phala bhugatavAnA cAhate haiM, usa santAnako paMktikI taraha buddhikalpita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, aura na usakA nirvANa avasthAmeM samUloccheda hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH nirvANakA yadi koI yuktisiddha aura tAttvika svarUpa bana sakatA hai to vaha nirAsravacittotpAda rUpa hI, jaisA ki tattvasaMgrahakI paJjikA ( pRSTha 184 ) meM uddhRta nimnalikhita zlokase phalita hotA hai "cittameva hi saMsAro raagaadikleshvaasitm| tadeva tairvinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kathyate // " arthAt-rAgAdi klezase dUpita citta hI saMmAra hai aura rAgAdise rahita vItarAga citta hI bhavAnta arthAt mukti hai / jaba vahI citta saMsAra avasthAse badalatA-badalatA mukti avasthAma nirAsrava ho jAtA hai, taba usakI paraMparArUpa saMtatiko sarvathA Avastavika nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isa taraha dravyakA pratikSaNa paryAyarUpase parivartana hone para bhI jo usakI anAdyananta svarUpasthiti hai aura jisake kAraNa usakA samaloccheda nahIM ho pAtA, vaha svarUpAstitva yA dhrauvya hai| yaha kAlpanika na hokara paramArthasatya hai| isoko UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate haiN| 1. "yasminneva tu santAne AhitA karmavAsanA / phalaM tatrava sandhatte kArpAse raktatA yathA // " -tattvasaM0 50 pR0 182 meM uddhRta /
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________________ padArthakA svarUpa do sAmAnya : do vibhinna dravyoM meM anugata vyavahAra karAnevAlA sAdRzyAstitva hotA hai, ise tiryak sAmAnya yA sAdRzyasAmAnya kahate haiM / aneka svatantrasattAka dravyoMmeM 'gauH gauH ' yA ' manuSyaH manuSyaH' isa prakArake anugata vyavahArake kisI nitya, eka aura anekAnugata gotva yA manuSyatva nAmake sAmAnyakI kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki do svataMtra sattAvAle dravyoMmeM anasyUta koI eka padArtha ho hI nahIM sakatA / vaha una donoM dravyoMkI saMyukta paryAya to kahA nahIM jA sakatA; kyoMki eka paryAya meM do atibhinnakSetravartI dravya upAdAna nahIM hote / phira anugata vyavahAra to saMketagrahNake bAda hotA hai / jisa vyaktine aneka manuSyoMmeM bahutase avayavoMkI samAnatA dekhakara sAdRzya kI kalpanA kI hai, usoko usa mAdRzyake saMskAra ke kAraNa 'manuSyaH manuSyaH' aisI anugata pratIti hotI hai / ataH do vibhinna dravyoMmeM anugatapratIti hotI hai / ata: do vibhinna dravyoMmeM anugata pratItikA kAraNabhUta sAdRzyAstitva mAnanA cAhie, jo ki pratyeka dravyameM parisamApta hotA hai / UrdhvatA sAmAnya, jo svarUpAstitvarUpa hai, Upara kahA jA cukA hai / isa taraha do sAmAnya hai | do vizeSa : isI taraha eka dravyakI paryAyoMmeM kAlakramase vyAvRtta pratyaya karAnevAlA paryAya nAmakA vizeSa hai / do dravyoMmeM vyAvRtta pratyaya karAne vAlA vyatireka nAmakA vizeSa hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki eka dravyakI do paryAyoMmeM anugata pratyaya UrdhvatA' sAmAnyase hotA hai aura vyAvRttapratyaya paryAya nAmake vizeSase / do vibhinna dravyoMmeM anuvRtta pratyaya tiryak sAmAnya 1 139 1. "parAparavivartavyApi dravyam UrdhvatA mRdiva sthAsAdiSu / " - parI0 4 / 5 / "ekasmin dravye kramabhAvinaH pariNAmAH paryAyAH Atmani harSaviSAdAdivat / " 2. -parI0 4 / 8 / 3. "sadRzapariNAmastiryak khaNDamuNDAdiSu gotvavat / " - parI0 4 / 4 /
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________________ 140 jainadarzana ( sAdRzyAstitva ) se tathA vyAvRtta pratyaya vyatireka' nAmaka bizeSase hotA hai / sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka arthAt dravyaparyAtmaka : jagatakA pratyeka padArtha isa prakAra sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai / padArthakA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vizeSaNa dharmarUpa hai jo anugata pratyaya aura vyAvRtta pratyayakA viSaya hotA hai / padArthakI utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvyAtmakatA pariNamanase sambandha rakhatI hai / Upara jo sAmAnya aura vizeSako dharma batAyA hai, vaha tiryak sAmAnya aura vyatireka vizeSase hI sambandha rakhatA hai / dravyake zrIvyAMzako hI UrdhvatA sAmAnya aura utpAda - vyayako hI paryAya nAmaka vizeSa kahate hai / vartamAnake prati atItakA aura bhaviSyake prati vartamAnakA upAdAna kAraNa honA, yaha siddha karatA hai ki tInoM kSaNoMkI avicchinna kAryakAraNaparaMparA hai / pratyeka padArthakI yaha sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatA usake anantadharmAtmakatvakA hI laghu svarUpa hai / tiryak sAmAnyarUpa sAdRzyakI abhivyakti yadyapi parasApekSa hai, kiMtu usakA AdhArabhUta pratyeka dravya judA judA hai / yaha ubhayaniSTha na hokara pratyeka meM parisamApta hai | padArtha na to kevala sAmAnyAtmaka hI hai aura na vizeSAtmaka ho / yadi kevala UrdhvatAsAmAnyAtmaka arthAt sarvathA nitya avikArI padArtha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to vaha trikAlameM sarvathA ekarasa, aparivartanazIla aura kUTastha banA rahegA / aise padArtha meM koI pariNamana na honese jagatke samasta vyavahAra ucchinna ho jAya~ge / koI bhI kriyA phalavato nahIM ho sakegI / puNya-pApa aura bandha-mokSAdi vyavasthA naSTa ho jAyagI / ataH usa vastu meM parivartana to avazya hI svIkAra karanA hogA / hama nityaprati 1. arthAntaragato visadRzapariNAmo vyatireko gomahiSAdivat / " - parIkSAmukha 4 / 9 /
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________________ padArthakA svarUpa 141 dekhate haiM ki bAlaka dojake candramAke samAna bar3hatA hai, sokhatA hai aura jIvana - vikAsako prApta kara rahA hai| jar3a jagatke vicitra parivartana to hamArI AMkhoMke sAmane haiM / yadi padArtha sarvathA nitya hoM to unameM krama yA yugapat kisI bhI rUpase koI arthakriyA nahIM ho sakegI / aura arthakriyAke abhAva meM unakI sattA hI sandigdha ho jAtI hai / isI taraha yadi padarthako paryAya nAmaka vizeSake rUpameM hI svIkAra kiyA jAya, arthAt sarvathA kSaNika mAnA jAya, yAne pUrvakSaNakA uttarakSaNake sAtha koI sambandha svIkAra na kiyA jAya; to dena-lena, guru-ziSyAdi vyavahAra tathA bandha-mokSAdi vyavasthAe~ samApta ho jAyagI / na kAraNa-kAryabhAva hogA aura na arthakriyA ho / ataH padArthako UrdhvatA sAmAnya aura paryAya nAmaka vizeSake rUpa meM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka hI svIkAra karanA cAhiye /
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________________ 6. Sadravya vivecana chaha dravya ___dravyakA sAmAnya lakSaNa yaha hai-jo maulika padArtha apanI paryAyoMko kramazaH prApta ho vaha dravya hai / dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase yukta hotA hai / isakA vizeSa vivecana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| usake mUla chaha bheda haiM-1. jIva, 2. pudgala, 3. dharma, 4. adharma, 5. AkAza aura 6. kAla / ye chahoM dravya prameya hote hai| 1. jIva dravya : jIva dravyako, jise AtmA bhI kahate haiM, jainadarzanameM eka svataMtra maulika mAnA hai| usakA sAmAnyalakSaNa upayoga hai| upayoga arthAt caitanyapariNati / caitanya hI jIvakA asAdhAraNa guNa hai jisase vaha samasta jar3adravyoMse apanA pRthak astitva rakhatA hai| bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoMse isa caitanyake jJAna aura darzana rUpase do pariNamana hote haiM / jisa samaya caitanya 'sva' se bhinna kisI jJeyako jAnatA hai usa samaya vaha 'jJAna' kahalAtA hai aura jaba caitanya mAtra caitanyAkAra rahatA hai, taba vaha 'darzana' kahalAtA hai / jIva asaMkhyAta pradeza vAlA hai| cUMki usakA anAdikAlase sUkSma kArmaNa zIrIrase sambandha hai, ataH vaha karmodayase prApta 1. "aparicattasahAveNuppAyavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNavaM ca sapajjAyaM jaM taM davvaM ti buccaMti // 3 // " -pravacanasAra / "daviyadi gacchadi tAI tAI sabbhAvapajjayAI |"-pNcaa0 gA09 / 2. "upayogo lakSaNam"-tattvArthasUtra 2 / 8 /
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________________ Sadravya vivecana 143 zarIrake AkArake anusAra choTe-bar3e AkArako dhAraNa karatA hai / isakA svarUpa nimnalikhita gAthAmeM bahuta spaSTa batAyA gayA hai "jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sdehprimaanno| bhottA saMsArattho siddho so vissasoDDhagaI / " -dravyasaMgraha gAthA 2 / arthAt-jIva upayogarUpa hai, amUrtika hai, kartA hai, svadehaparimANa hai, bhoktA hai, saMsArI hai, siddha hai aura svabhAvase Urdhvagamana karanevAlA hai| __ yadyapi jIvameM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ye cAra pudgalake dharma nahIM pAye jAte, isalie vaha svabhAvase amUrtika hai| phira bhI pradezoMmeM saMkoca aura vistAra honese vaha apane choTe-bar3e zarIrake parimANa ho jAtA hai / AtmAse AkArake viSayameM bhAratIya darzanoMmeM mukhyatayA tIna mata pAye jAte hai / 'upaniSadameM AtmAke sarvagata aura vyApaka honekA jahA~ ullekha milatA hai, vahA~ usake aMguSThamAtra tathA aNurUpa honekA bhI kathana hai| vyApaka AtmavAda: vaidika darzanoMmeM prAyaH AtmAko amUrta aura vyApI svIkAra kiyA hai / vyApaka hone para bhI zarIra aura manake sambandhase zarIrAvacchinna ( zarIrake bhItarake ) AtmapradezoMmeM jJAnAdi vizeSaguNoMkI utpatti hotI hai / amUrta honeke kAraNa AtmA niSkriya bhI hai / usameM gati nahIM hotii| zarIra aura mana calatA hai, aura apanese sambaddha AtmapradezoMmeM jJAnAdikI anubhUtikA sAdhana banatA jAtA hai / 1. "sarvavyApinamAtmAnam |"-shve0 1116 / 2. "aGgaSThamAtraH puruSaH" -zve0 3113 / kttho04|12 / "aNIyAn brIhervA yavAdvA..." -chAndo0 3 / 14 / 3 /
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________________ jainadarzana isa vyApaka AtmavAdameM sabase bar3A prazna yaha hai ki-eka akhaNDa dravya kucha bhAgoMme saguNa aura kucha bhAgoMmeM nirguNa kaise raha sakatA hai ? phira jaba saba AtmAoMkA sambandha sabake zarIroMke sAtha hai, taba apane-apane sukha, duHkha aura bhogakA niyama bananA kaThina hai| adRSTa bhI niyAmaka nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pratyekake adRSTakA sambandha usako AtmAkI taraha anya zeSa AtmAoMke sAtha bhI hai / zarIrase bAhara apanI AtmAkI sattA siddha karanA atyanta duSkara kArya hai| vyApaka-pakSameM ekake bhojana karane para dUsareko tRpti honI cAhie, aura isa taraha samasta vyavahAroMkA sAMkarya ho jaaygaa| mana aura zarIrake sambandhakI vibhinnatAse vyavasthA baiThAnA bhI kaThina hai| sabase bar3I bAta to yaha ki hai ki isameM saMsAra aura mokSakI vyavasthAeM hI caupaTa ho jAtI hai| yaha sarvasammata niyama hai ki jahA~ guNa pAye jAte hai, vahIM usake AdhArabhUta dravyakA sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai / guNoMke kSetrase guNIkA kSetra na to bar3A hotA hai, aura na choTA hii| sarvatra AkRtimeM guNoM ke barAbara hI guNa hote hai / aba yadi hama vicAra karate hai to jaba jJAnadarzanAdi AtmAke guNa hameM zarIrake bAhara upalabdha nahIM hote taba guNoMke binA guNIkA sadbhAva zarIrake bAhara kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? aNu AtmavAda: isI taraha AtmAko aNurUpa mAnane para, aMgUThemeM kA~TA cubhanese sAre zarIrake AtmapradezoMmeM kampana aura duHkhakA anubhava honA asambhava ho jAtA hai| aNurUpa AtmAkI sAre zarIrameM atizIghra gati mAnane para bhI isa zaMkAkA ucita samAdhAna nahIM hotA; kyoMki krama anubhavameM nahIM aataa| jisa samaya aNu AtmAkA cakSuke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, usa samaya bhinnakSetravartI rasanA Adi indriyoMke sAtha yugapat sambandha honA asaMbhava hai| kintu nIbUko A~khase dekhate hI jihvA indriyoMmeM pAnIkA A
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 145 yaha siddha karatA hai ki donoM indriyoMke pradezoMse AtmA yugapat sambandha rakhatA hai| sirase lekara paira taka aNurUpa AtmAke cakkara lagAne meM kAlabheda honA svAbhAvika hai jo ki sarvAMgINa romAJcAdi kAryase jJAta honevAlI yugapat sukhAnubhUtike viruddha hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzanameM AtmA ke pradezoM meM saMkoca aura vistArako zakti mAnakara use zarIraparimANavAlA svIkAra kiyA hai / eka hI prazna isa sambandha meM uThatA hai ki- 'amUrtika AtmA kaise choTe-bar3e zarIra meM bharA raha sakatA hai, use to vyApaka hI honA cAhie yA phira aNurUpa ?' kintu jaba anAdikAlase isa AtmAmeM paudgalika karmoMkA sambandha hai, taba usake zuddha svabhAvakA Azraya lekara kiye jAnevAle tarka kahA~ taka saMgata hai ? ' isa prakArakA eka amUrtika dravya hai jisameM ki svabhAvase saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai / ' yaha mAnane meM hI yuktikA bala adhika hai; kyoMki hameM apane jJAna aura sukhAdi guNoMkA anubhava apane zarIra ke bhItara hI hotA hai / bhUta-caitanyavAda : cArvAka pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu isa bhUtacatuSTayake viziSTa rAsAyanika mizraNase zarIrakI utpattikI taraha AtmAkI bhI utpatti mAnate haiM / jisa prakAra mahuA Adi padArthoMke sar3Anese zarAba banatI hai aura usameM mAdaka zakti svayaM A jAtI hai usI taraha bhUtacatuSTayake viziSTa saMyogase caitanya zakti bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai / ataH caitanya AtmA kA dharma na hokara zarIrakA hI dharma hai aura isalie jIvanakI dhArA garbhase lekara maraNa paryanta hI calatI hai / maraNa-kAlameM zarIrayaMtra meM vikRti A jAne se jIvana-zakti samApta ho jAtI hai / yaha dehAtmavAda bahuta prAcIna kAlase pracalita hai aura isakA ullekha upaniSadoMmeM bhI dekhA jAtA hai / dehase bhinna AtmAkI sattA siddha karaneke lie 'aham ' pratyaya hI sabase bar3A pramANa hai, jo 'ahaM sukhI, ahaM duHkhI' Adike rUpameM pratyeka 10
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________________ 146 jainadarzana prANIke anubhavameM AtA hai| manuSyoMke apane-apane janmAntarIya saMskAra hote haiM, jinake anusAra ve isa janmameM apanA vikAsa karate haiN| janmAntarasmaraNakI anekoM ghaTanAe~ sunI gaI haiM, jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa vartamAna zarIrako chor3akara AtmA naye zarIrako dhAraNa karatA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki-isa karmaparataMtra AtmAkI sthiti bahuta kucha zarIra aura zarIrake avayavoMke AdhIna ho rahI hai| mastiSkake kisI rogase vikRta ho jAne para samasta arjita jJAna vismRtike garbhameM calA jAtA hai| raktacApakI kamI-vesI hone para usakA hRdayakI gati aura manobhAvoMke Upara prabhAva par3atA hai| Adhunika bhUtavAdiyoMne bhI ( Thyroyd and Pituatury ) thAirAiDa aura picuyeTarI granthiyoM se utpanna honevAle hAramona ( Hormonc ) nAmaka dravyake kama ho jAne para jJAnAdigaNoMmeM kamI A jAtI hai, yaha siddha kiyA hai| kintu yaha saba dehaparimANavAle svataMtra Atmatatvake mAnane para hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai; kyoMki saMsArI dazAmeM AtmA itanA paratantra hai ki usake apane nijI guNoMkA vikAsa bhI binA indriyAdike sahAre nahIM ho paataa| ye bhautika dravya usake guNavikAsameM usI taraha sahArA dete haiM, jaise ki jharokhese dekhanevAle puruSako dekhanemeM jharokhA sahArA detA hai| kahIM-kahIM jaina granthoMmeM jIvake svarUpa kA varNana karate samaya pudgala vizepaNa bhI diyA hai, yaha eka naI bAta hai| vastutaH vahA~ usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki jIvakA vartamAna vikAsa aura jIvana jina AhAra, zarIra, indriya, bhASA aura mana paryAptiyoMke sahAre hotA hai ve saba paudgalika hai| isa taraha nimittakI dRSTi se usameM 'pudgala' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai, svarUpakI dRSTi se nhiiN| AtmavAdake prasaMgameM jainadarzanakA 1. "jIvo kattA ya vattA ya pANI bhottA ya pogglo|" --uddhRta, dhavalA TI0 pra0 pu0, pRSTha 118 /
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 147 use zarIrarUpa na mAnakara pRthak dravya svIkAra karake bhI zarIraparimANa mAnanA apanI anokhI sUjha hai aura isase bhautikavAdiyoMke dvArA diye jAnevAle AkSepoMkA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / icchA Adi svataMtra AtmAke dharma haiM: icchA, saMkalpazakti aura bhAvanAe~ kevala bhautika mastiSkakI upaja nahIM kahI jA sakatIM; kyoMki kisI bhI bhautika yaMtrameM svayaM calane, apane Apako TUTane para sudhArane aura apane sajAtIyako utpanna karanekI kSamatA nahIM dekhI jAtI / avasthAke anusAra bar3hanA, ghAvakA apane Apa bhara jAnA, jIrNa ho jAnA ityAdi aise dharma hai, jinakA samAdhAna kevala bhautikatAse nahIM ho sakatA / hajAroM prakArake choTe-bar3e yantroMkA AviSkAra, jagat ke vibhinna kArya-kAraNabhAvoMkA sthira karanA, gaNitake AdhArapara jyotiSavidyAkA vikAsa, manorama kalpanAoMse sAhityAkAzako raMga-viraMgA karanA Adi bAteM, eka svayaM samartha, svayaM caitanyazAlI dravyakA hI kArya ho sakatIM haiM / prazna usake vyApaka, aNu-parimANa yA madhyama pariNAmakA hamAre sAmane hai | anubhava siddha kAryakAraNabhAva hameM use saMkoca aura vistArasvabhAvavAlA svabhAvataH amUrtika dravya mAnaneko prerita karatA hai / kisI asaMyukta akhaNDa dravyake guNoMkA vikAsa niyata pradezoMmeM nahIM ho sakatA / yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra AtmAko zarIraparimANa mAnane para bhI dekhanekI zakti A~kha meM rahanevAle AtmapradezoM meM mAnI jAtI hai aura sU~ghane kI zakti nAkameM rahanevAle AtmapradezoMmeM hI, usI taraha AtmAko vyApaka mAnakarake zarIrAntargata AtmapradezoM meM jJAnAdi guNoM kA vikAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai ? parantu zarIrapramANa AtmAmeM dekhane aura sU~ghane kI zakti kevala una-una AtmapradezoMmeM hI nahIM mAnI gaI hai, apitu sampUrNa AtmAmeM / vaha AtmA apane pUrNa zarIra meM sakriya rahatA hai, ataH vaha una-una cakSu, nAka Adi upakaraNoMke jharokhoMse rUpa aura gaMdha AdikA
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________________ jainadarzana parijJAna karatA hai| apanI vAsanAoM aura karma-saMskAroMke kAraNa usakI ananta zakti isI prakAra chinna-vicchinna rUpase prakaTa hotI hai| jaba karmavAsanAoM aura sUkSma karmazarIrakA saMparka chUTa jAtA hai, taba yaha apane ananta caitanya svarUpameM lIna ho jAtA hai| usa samaya isake Atmapradeza antima zarIrake AkAra raha jAte haiM; kyoMki unake phailane aura sikur3anekA kAraNa jo karma thA, vaha naSTa ho cukA hai; isalie unakA antima zarIrake AkAra raha jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai| saMsAra avasthAmeM usakI itanI parataMtra dazA ho gaI hai ki vaha apanI kisI bhI zaktikA vikAsa binA zarIra aura indriyoMke sahAre nahIM kara sakatA hai| aura to jAne dIjie, yadi upakaraNa naSTa ho jAtA hai, to vaha apanI jAgrata zaktiko bhI upayogameM nahIM lA sktaa| dekhanA, sUMghanA, cakhanA, sunanA aura sparza karanA ye kriyAyeM jaise indriyoMke binA nahIM ho sakatoM, usI prakAra vicAranA, saMkalpa aura icchA Adi bhI binA manake nahIM ho pAte; aura manako gati-vidhi samagra zarIra-yantrake cAlU rahanepara nirbhara karatI hai / isI atyanta paranirbharatAke kAraNa jagatake aneka vicAraka isakI svataMtra sattA mAnaneko bhI prastuta nahIM hai| vartamAna zarIra ke naSTa hote hI jIvanabhArakA upArjita jJAna, kalA-kauzala aura cirabhAvita bhAvanAe~ saba apane sthUlarUpameM samApta ho jAtI haiN| inake atisUkSma saMskAra-boja hI zeSa raha jAte haiM / ataH pratIti, anubhava aura yukti hameM sahaja hI isa natIjepara pahu~cA detI haiM, ki AtmA kevala bhUtacatuSTayarUpa nahIM hai, kintu unase bhinna, para unake sahAre apanI zaktiko vikasita karanevAlA, svataMtra, akhaNDa aura amUrtika padArtha hai| isakI Ananda aura saundaryAnubhUti svayaM isake svatantra astitvake khAse pramANa haiN| rAga aura dveSakA honA tathA unake kAraNa hiMsA Adike ArambhameM juTa jAnA bhautikayaMtrakA kAma nahIM ho sktaa| koI bhI yantra apane Apa cale, svayaM
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 149 bigar3a jAya aura bigar3ane para apanI marammata bhI svayaM kara le, svayaM preraNA le, aura samajha-bUjhakara cale, yaha asaMbhava hai / karttA aura bhoktA : AtmA svayaM karmokA kartA hai aura unake phaloMkA bhoktA hai / sAMkhyakI taraha vaha akarttA aura apariNAmI nahIM hai aura na prakRtike dvArA kiye karmokA bhoktA ho / isa sarvadA pariNAmI jagatame pratyeka padArthakA pariNamana-cakra prApta sAmagrIse prabhAvita hokara aura anyako prabhAvita karake pratikSaNa cala rahA | AtmAkI koI bhI kriyA, cAhe vaha manase vicArAtmaka ho, yA vacanavyavahArarUpa ho, yA zarIrakI pravRttippa ho, apane kArmaNa zarIrame aura AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNameM nizcita asara DAlatI hai / Aja yaha vastu sUkSma kaimarA yantrase pramANita kI jA cukI hai / jisa kursIpara eka vyakti baiThatA hai, usa vyaktike uTha jAne ke bAda amuka samaya taka vahA~ke vAtAvaraName usa vyaktikA pratibimba kaimarese liyA gayA hai / vibhinna prakArake vicAroM aura bhAvanAoMkI pratinidhibhUta rekhAe~ mastiSkame par3atI hai, yaha bhI prayogoMse siddha kiyA jA cukA hai / caitanya indriyoM kA dharma bhI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki indriyoMke bane rahanepara caitanya naSTa ho jAtA hai / yadi pratyeka indriyakA dharma caitanya mAnA jAtA hai; to eka indriyake dvArA jAne gaye padArthakA indriyAntarase anusandhAna nahIM honA cAhie / para imalIko yA AmakI phA~kako dekhate hI jIbha meM pAnI A jAtA hai / ataH jJAta hotA hai ki A~kha aura jIbha Adi indriyoM kA prayoktA koI pRthak sUtra saMcAlaka hai / jisa prakAra zarIra acetana hai usI taraha indriyA~ bhI acetana haiM, ataH acetanase caitanyakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / yadi ho; to usake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza AdikA anvaya caitanyameM usI taraha honA cAhie, jaise ki miTTIke rUpAdikA anvaya miTTI se utpanna ghar3e meM hotA hai /
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________________ jainadarzana turanta utpanna hue bAlaka meM dUdha pIne Adiko ceSTAe~ usake pUrvabhavake saMskAroM ko sUcita karatIM haiM / kahA bhI hai " tadaharja stane hAto rakSodRSTeH bhUtAnanvayanAt siddhaH 150 bhavasmRteH / prakRtijJaH sanAtanaH // " -- uddhRta, prameyaratnamAlA 4 / 8 / arthAt-tatkAla utpanna hue bAlakako stanapAnakI ceSTAse, bhUta, rAkSasa Adike sadbhAvase, paralokake smaraNase aura bhautika rUpAdi guNoM kA caitanya meM anvaya na honese eka anAdi ananta AtmA pRthak dravya siddha hotA hai, jo sabakA jJAtA hai / rAgAdi vAtapittAdike dharma nahIM : rAga, dveSa, krodha Adi vikAra bhI caitanyake hI hote haiM / ve vAta, pitta aura kapha Adi bhautika dravyoMke dharma nahIM haiM, kyoMki' vAtaprakRtivAleke bhI pittajanya dveSa aura pittaprakRtivAleke bhI kaphajanya rAga aura kaphaprakRtivAle ke bhI vAtajanya moha Adi dekhe jAte haiM / vAtAdikI vRddhimeM rAgAdikI vRddhi nahIM dekhI jAtI, ata: inheM vAta, pitta AdikA dharma nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yadi ye rAgAdi vAtAdijanya hoM, to sabhI vAtAdiprakRtivAloMke samAna rAgAdi hone cAhiye / para aisA nahIM dekhA jAtA / phira vairAgya, kSamA aura zAnti Adi pratipakSI bhAvanAoMse rAgAdikA kSaya nahIM honA cAhiye / vicAra vAtAvaraNa banAte haiM : isa taraha jaba AtmA aura bhautika pariNamana karanekA hai aura vAtAvaraNake vAtAvaraNako bhI prabhAvita karanekA hai; 1. "vyabhicArAnna vAtAdidharmaH, prakRtisaMkarAt / - pramANavA0 1 / 150 / padArthoMkA svabhAva hI pratikSaNa anusAra prabhAvita honekA tathA taba isa bAta ke siddha karanekI
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 1 151 vizeSa AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI ki hamAre amUrta vyApAroMkA bhautika jagatapara kyA asara par3atA hai ? hamArA choTe-se-choTA zabda Itharako taraMgoMmeM apane vegake anusAra, gaharA yA uthalA kampana paidA karatA hai / yaha jhanajhanAhaTa reDiyo yantroMke dvArA kAnoMse sunI jA sakatI hai / aura jahA~ preSaka reDiyo yantra maujUda haiM, vahA~se to yatheccha zabdoM ko nizcita sthAnoMpara bhejA jA sakatA hai / ye saMskAra vAtAvaraNapara sUkSma aura sthUla rUpameM bahuta kAlataka bane rahate haiM / kAlakI gati unheM dhuMdhalA aura naSTa karatI hai / isI taraha jaba AtmA koI acchA yA burA vicAra karatA hai, to usakI isa kriyAse AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNameM eka prakArakI khalabalI maca jAtI hai, aura usa vicArakI zaktike anusAra vAtAvaraNameM kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai / jagatake kalyANa aura maMgala kAmanA ke vicAra cittako halakA aura prasanna rakhate hai / ve prakAzarUpa hote hai aura unake saMskAra vAtAvaraNapara eka rozanI DAlate haiM, tathA apane anurUpa pudgala paramANuoMko apane zarIrake bhItarase hI, yA zarIra ke bAhara se khIMca lete haiM / una vicAroMke saMskAroMse prabhAvita una pudgala dravyoMkA sambandha amuka kAlataka usa AtmA ke sAtha banA rahatA hai / isIke paripAkase AtmA kAlAntarameM acche aura bure anubhava aura preraNAoMko pAtA hai / jo pudgala dravya eka bAra kinhIM vicAroMse prabhAvita hokara khicA yA ba~dhA hai, usameM bhI kAlAntarameM dUsare - dUsare vicAroMse barAbara heraphera hotA rahatA hai / antameM jisa-jisa prakArake jitane saMskAra bace rahate haiM; usa-usa prakArakA vAtAvaraNa usa vyaktiko upasthita ho jAtA hai / vAtAvaraNa aura AtmA itane sUkSma pratibimbagrAhI hote hai ki jJAta yA ajJAta bhAvase honevAle pratyeka spandanake saMskAroMko ve pratikSaNa grahaNa karate rahate hai / isa paraspara prativimba grahaNa karanekI kriyAko hama 'prabhAva' zabdase kahate haiM / hameM apane samAna svabhAvavAle vyaktiko dekhate hI kyoM prasannatA hotI hai ? aura kyoM acAnaka kisI vyaktiko dekhakara
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________________ 152 jainadarzana jI ghRNA aura krodhake bhAvoMse bhara jAtA hai ? isakA kAraNa cittakI vaha prativimbagrAhiNI sUkSma zakti hai, jo A~khoMkI dUravInase zarIrakI sthUla dIvArako pAra karake sAmanevAleke manobhAvoMkA bahuta kucha AbhAsa pA letI hai| isIlie to eka premIne apane mitrake isa praznake uttarameM ki "tuma mujhe kitanA cAhate ho ?" kahA thA ki "apane hRdayameM dekha lo|" kavizreSTha kAlidAsa tathA vizvakavi Taigorane premakI vyAkhyA ina zabdoMmeM kI hai ki "jisako dekhate hI hRdaya kimI anirvacanIya bhAvoMmeM bahane lage vahI prema hai aura sauMdarya vaha hai jisako dekhate hI A~kheM aura hRdaya kahane lage ki 'na jAne tuma kyoM mujhe acche lagate ho?" isIlie prema aura sauMdaryako bhAvanAoMke kampana ekAkAra hokara bhI unake bAhya AdhAra paraspara itane bhinna hote hai ki sthUla vicArase unakA vizleSaNa kaThina ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki prabhAvakA paraspara AdAna-pradAna pratikSaNa cAlU hai| isameM deza, kAla aura AkArakA bheda bhI vyavadhAna nahIM de sktaa| paradezameM gaye patike Upara Apatti Ane para patiparAyaNA nArIkA sahasA anamanA ho jAnA isI prabhAvasUtrake kAraNa hotA hai| __ isIlie jagatke mahApuruSoMne pratyeka bhavyako eka hI bAta kahI hai ki 'acchA vAtAvaraNa banAo; maMgalamaya bhAvoMko cAroM ora vikhero|' kisI prabhAvazAlI yogIke acintya prema aura ahiMsAkI vizvamaitrI rUpa saMjIvana dhArAse AsapAsakI vanaspatiyoMkA asamayameM puSpita ho jAnA aura jAtivirodhI sAMpa-nevalA Adi prANiyoMkA apanA sAdhAraNa vaira bhUlakara unake amRtapUta vAtAvaraNameM paraspara maitrIke kSaNoMkA anubhava karanA koI bahuta anahonI bAta nahIM hai, yaha to prabhAvakI acintya zaktikA sAdhAraNa sphuraNa hai| jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI : niSkarSa yaha hai ki AtmA apanI mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAoMke dvArA vAtAvaraNase una pudgala paramANuoMko khIMca letA hai, ya
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 153 prabhAvita karake karmarUpa banA detA hai, jinake samparkameM Ate hI vaha phira usI prakArake bhAvoMko prApta hotA hai / kalpanA kIjie ki eka nirjana sthAnameM kisI hatyArene duSTabuddhise kisI nirdoSa vyaktiko hatyA kI / marate samaya usane jo zabda kahe aura ceSTAe~ kI ve yadyapi kisI dUsarene nahIM dekhIM, phira bhI hatyAreke mana aura uma sthAnake vAtAvaraName unake phoTo barAbara aMkita hae hai / jaba kabhI bhI vaha hatyArA zAntike kSaNoMmeM baiThatA hai, to usake cittapara par3A huA vaha pratibimba umako A~khoMke sAmane jhUlatA hai, aura ve zabda umake kAnoMse TakarAte hai / vaha usa sthAnameM jAnese ghabar3AtA hai aura svayaM apanemeM parezAna hotA hai / isoko kahate hai ki 'pApa sirapara car3hakara bolatA hai|' isase yaha bAta spaSTa samajhameM A jAtI hai ki hara padArtha eka kaimarA hai, jo dUsareke prabhAvako sthUla yA sUkSma rUpase grahaNa karatA rahatA hai; aura unhIM prabhAvoMkI ausatase citravicitra vAtAvaraNa aura aneka prakArake acche-bure manobhAvoMkA sarjana hotA hai / yaha eka sAmAnya siddhAnta hai ki hara padArtha apane sajAtIyameM ghula-mila jAtA hai, aura vijAtIyase saMgharSa karatA hai| jahA~ hamAre vicAroMke anukUla vAtAvaraNa hotA hai, yAnI dUsare loga bhI karIba-karIba hamArI vicAra-dhArAke hote hai vahA~ hamArA citta unameM raca-paca jAtA hai, kintu pratikUla vAtAvaraNameM cittako AkulatA-vyAkulatA hotI hai| hara citta itanI pahacAna rakhatA hai| use bhulAvemeM nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| yadi tumhAre cittameM dUsareke prati ghRNA hai, to tumhArA ceharA, tumhAre zabda aura tumhArI ceSTAe~ sAmanevAle vyaktimeM sadbhAvakA saMcAra nahIM kara sakatIM aura vAtAvaraNako nirmala nahIM banA sktiiN| isake phalasvarUpa tumheM bho ghRNA aura tiraskAra ho prApta hotA hai| ise kahate haiM-'jaisI karanI taisI bhrnii|' ___ hRdayase ahiMsA aura sadbhAvanAkA samudra koI mahAtmA ahiMsAkA amRta lie kyoM khUkhAra aura barbaroMke bIca chAtI kholakara calA jAtA
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________________ '154 jainadarzana hai ? use isa siddhAntapara vizvAsa rahatA hai ki jaba hamAre maname inake prati lezamAtra durbhAva nahI hai aura hama inhe premakA amRta pilAnA cAhate hai to ye kabataka hamAre sadbhAvako ttukraayeNge| usakA mahAtmatva yahI hai ki vaha sAmanevAle vyaktike lagAtAra anAdara karanepara bhI sacce hRdayase sadA usako hita-cintanA hI karatA hai / hama saba aisI jagaha khaDe hue hai jahA~ cAroM ora hamAre bhItara-bAharake prabhAvako grahaNa karane vAle kaimare lage hai, aura hamArI pratyeka kriyAkA lekhA-jokhA prakRtiko usa mahAbahIme aMkita hotA jAtA hai, jisakA hisAba-kitAba hame hara samaya bhugatanA paDatA hai| vaha bhugatAna kabhI tatkAla ho jAtA hai aura kabhI kAlAntarame / pApakarmA vyakti svayaM apaneme zaMkita rahatA hai, aura apane hI manobhAvose parezAna rahatA hai| usakI yaha parezAnI hI bAharI vAtAvaraNase usakI iSTasiddhi nahIM karA paatii| cAra vyakti eka hI prakArake vyApArame juTate hai, para cAroMko alagaalaga prakArakA jo naphA-nukasAna hotA hai, vaha akAraNa hI nahIM hai / kucha purAne aura kucha tatkAlIna bhAva aura vAtAvaraNokA nicoDa una una vyaktiyoke saphala, asaphala yA arddhasaphala honeme kAraNa paDa jAte hai| puruSakI buddhimAnI aura puruSArtha yahI hai ki vaha sadbhAva aura prazasta vAtAvaraNakA nirmANa kre| isIke kAraNa vaha jinake samparkame AtA hai unakI sadbuddhi aura hRdayakI rujhAnako apanI ora khIca letA hai, jisakA pariNAma hotA hai-usako laukika kAryoko middhime anukUlatA milanA / eka vyaktike sadAcaraNa aura sadvicAroMkI zoharata jaba cAroM aura phailatI hai, to vaha jahA~ jAtA hai, Adara pAtA hai, use sanmAna milatA aura aisA vAtAvaraNa prastuta hotA hai, jimase use anukUlatA hI anukUlatA prApta hotI jAtI hai / isa vAtAvaraNase jo bAhya vibhUti yA anya sAmagrIkA lAbha huA hai usameM yadyapi paramparAse vyaktike purAne saMskAroMne kAma liyA hai; para sIdhe una saMskAroMne una padArthoMko nahI
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 155 khIMcA hai| hA~, una padArthoMke juTane aura juTAne meM purAne saMskAra aura usake pratinidhi pudgala dravyake vipAkane vAtAvaraNa avazya banAyA hai / usase una-una padArthoM kA saMyoga aura viyoga rahatA hai / yaha to balAroat bAta hai / manuSya apanI kriyAoMse jitane gahare yA uthale saMskAra aura prabhAva, vAtAvaraNa aura apanI AtmApara DAlatA hai usoke tAratamyase manuSyoMke iSTAniSTakA cakra calatA hai / tatkAla kisI kAryakA ThIka kAryakAraNabhAva hamArI samajhameM na bhI Aye, para koI bhI kArya kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, yaha eka aTala siddhAnta hai / isI taraha jIvana aura maraNa ke krama meM bhI kucha hamAre purAne saMskAra aura kucha saMskAraprerita pravRttiyA~ tathA iha lokakA jIvana vyApAra saba milakara kAraNa banate haiM / nUtana zarIra dhAraNakI prakriyA : jaba koI bhI prANI apane pUrva zarIrako chor3atA hai, to usake jIvana bharake vicAroM, vacana - vyavahAroM aura zarIrakI kriyAoMse jisa-jisa prakAra - ke saMskAra AtmApara aura AtmAse cirasaMyukta kArmaNa- zarIrapara par3e hai, arthAt kArmaNa-zarIrake sAtha una saMskAroMke pratinidhibhUta pudgala dvavyoMkA jisa prakArake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzAdi pariNamanoMse yukta hokara sambandha huA hai, kucha usI prakArake anukUla pariNamanavAlI paristhiti meM yaha AtmA nUtana janma grahaNa karanekA avasara khoja letA hai aura vaha purAne zarIra ke naSTa hote hI apane sUkSma kArmaNa zarIrake sAtha usa sthAna taka pahu~ca jAtA hai / isa kriyAmeM prANIke zarIra chor3ane ke samaya ke bhAva aura preraNAe~ bahuta kucha kAma karatIM haiM isIlie jaina paramparAmeM samAdhimaraNako jIvanakI antima parIkSAkA samaya kahA hai; kyoMki eka bAra nayA zarIra dhAraNa karaneke bAda usa zarorakI sthiti taka lagabhaga eka jaisI paristhitiyA~ banI rahanekI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / maraNakAlakI isa utkrAntiko samhAla lene para prApta paristhitiyoMke anusAra bahuta kucha purAne /
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________________ 156 jainadarzana saMskAra aura ba~dhe hue karmomeM hInAdhikatA honekI sambhAvanA bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaina zAstroMmeM eka maraNAntika samudghAta nAmakI kriyAkA varNana AtA hai| isa kriyAmeM maraNakAlake pahale isa AtmAke kucha pradeza apane vartamAna zarIrako chor3akara bhI bAhara nikalate haiM aura apane agale janmake yogya kSetrako sparza kara vApisa A jAte haiM / ina pradezoMke sAtha kArmaNa zarIra bhI jAtA hai aura usame jisa prakArake rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza Adike pariNamanoMkA tAratamya hai, usa prakArake anukula kSetrakI ora hI usakA jhukAva hotA hai / jisake jIvanameM sadA dharma aura sadAcArakI paramparA rahI hai, usake kArmaNa zarIrameM prakAzamaya, laghu aura svaccha paramANuoMkI bahulatA hotI hai / isalie usakA gamana laghu honeke kAraNa svabhAvataH prakAzamaya lokako ora hotA hai / aura jisake jIvana meM hatyA, pApa, chala, prapaJca, mAyA, mUrchA Adike kAle, guru aura maile paramANuoMkA sambandha vizeSarUpase huA hai, vaha svabhAvataH andhakAralokakI ora nIcekI tarapha jAtA hai / yahI bAta sAMkhya zAstroM meM"dharmeNa gamanamUrdhva gamanamadhastAt bhavatyadharmeNa / ' -sAMkhyakA0 44 / isa vAkyake dvArA kahI gaI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA pariNAmI honeke kAraNa pratisamaya apanI mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAoMse una-una prakArake zubha aura azubha saMskAroMmeM svayaM pariNata hotA jAtA hai, aura vAtAraNako bhI usI prakArase prabhAvita karatA hai / ye AtmasaMskAra apane pUrvabaddha kArmaNa zarIrameM kucha naye karmaparamANuoMkA sambandha karA dete haiM, jinake paripAkase ve saMskAra AtmAmeM acche yA bure bhAva paidA karate haiN| AtmA svayaM una saMskAroMkA kartA hai aura svayaM hI unake phaloMkA bhoktA hai / jaba yaha apane mUla svarUpako ora dRSTi pheratA hai, taba isa svarUpa
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 157 darzanake dvArA dhIre-dhIre purAne kusaMskAroMko kATakara svarUpasthitirUpa mukti pA letA hai / kabhI-kabhI kinhIM vizeSa AtmAoMmeM svarUpajJAnako itanI tIvra jyoti jaga jAtI hai, ki usake mahAprakAzameM kusaMskAroMkA piNDa kSaNabharameM hI vilIna ho jAtA hai aura vaha AtmA isa zarIrako dhAraNa kiye hue bhI pUrNa vItarAga aura pUrNa jJAnI bana jAtA hai / yaha jIvanmukta avasthA hai| isa avasthAmeM AtmaguNoMke ghAtaka saMskAroMkA samUla nAza ho jAtA hai / mAtra zarIrako dhAraNa karanemeM kAraNabhUta kucha aghAtiyA saMskAra zeSa rahate haiM, jo zarIrake sAtha samApta ho jAte haiM; taba yaha AtmA pUrNarUse siddha hokara apane svabhAvAnusAra Urdhvagati karake lokake UparI chorameM jA pahu~catA hai| isa taraha yaha AtmA svayaM kartA aura svayaM bhoktA hai, svayaM apane saMskAroM aura baddhakarmoke anusAra asaMkhya jIvayoniyoMmeM janma-maraNake bhArako DhotA rahatA hai| yaha sarvathA apariNAmI aura nirlipta nahIM hai, kintu pratikSaNa pariNAmI hai aura vaibhAvika yA svAbhAvika kisI bhI avasthAmeM svayaM badalanevAlA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki eka bAra svAbhAvika avasthAmeM pahuMcane para phira vaibhAvika pariNamana nahIM hotA, sadA zuddha pariNamana hI hotA rahatA hai| ye siddha kRtakRtya hote haiM / unheM sRSTi-kartRtva AdikA koI kArya zeSa nahIM rhtaa| sRSTicakra svayaM cAlita hai: saMsArI jIva aura pudgaloMke paraspara prabhAvita karanevAle saMyogaviyogoMse isa sRSTikA mahAcakra svayaM cala rahA hai| isake lie kisI niyaMtraka, vyavasthApaka, suyojaka aura nirdezakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| bhautika jagatakA cetana jagata svayaM apane balAbalake anusAra nirdezaka aura prabhAvaka bana jAtA hai / phira yaha Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai ki pratyeka bhautika pariNamanake lie kisI cetana adhiSThAtAkI nitAnta AvazyakatA ho / cetana adhiSThAtAke binA bhI asaMkhya bhautika parivartana svayameva
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________________ 158 jainadarzana apanI kAraNasAmagrIke anusAra hote rahate hai / isa svabhAvataH pariNAmI dravyoMke mahAsamudAyarUpa jagatako kisIne sarvaprathama kisI samaya calAyA ho, aise kAlakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / isIlie isa jagatako svayaMsiddha aura anAdi kahA jAtA hai| ataH na to sarvaprathama isa jagata-yantrako calAneke lie kisI cAlakakI AvazyakatA hai aura na isake antargata jIvoke puNya-pApakA lekhA-jokhA rakhanevAle kisI mahAlekhakakI, aura acche-bure karmokA phala denevAle aura svarga yA naraka bhejanevAle kisI mahAprabhukI ho / jo vyakti zarAba piyegA usakA nazA tIvra yA manda rUpameM usa vyaktiko apane Apa AyagA hii| eka Izvara saMsArake pratyeka aNu-paramANukI kriyAkA saMcAlaka bane aura pratyeka jIvake acche-bure kAryokA bhI svayaM vahI preraka ho aura phira vahI baiThakara saMsArI jIvoMke acche-bure kArmokA nyAya karake unheM sugati aura durgatime bheje, unhe sukha-dukha bhoganeko vivaza kare yaha kaisI krIr3A hai ! durAcArake lie preraNA bhI vahI de, aura daNDa bhI vhii| yadi sacamuca koI eka aisA niyantA hai to jagatako viSamasthitike lie mUlataH vahI jabAbadeha hai / ataH isa bhUla-bhulaiyAke cakrase nikalakara hame vastusvarUpakI dRSTise hI jagatakA vivecana karanA hogA aura usa AdhArase hI jaba taka hama apane jJAnako sacce darzanakI bhUmipara nahIM pahu~cAyeMge, taba taka tattvajJAnako dizAme nahI bar3ha skte| yaha kaisA andhera hai ki Izvara hatyA karanevAleko bhI preraNA detA hai, aura jisakI hatyA hotI hai use bhI; aura jaba hatyA ho jAtI hai, to vahI ekako hatyArA ThaharAkara daNDa bhI dilAtA hai / usako yaha kaisI vicitra lIlA hai / jaba vyakti apane kAryame svatantra hI nahIM hai, taba vaha hatyAkA kartA kaise ? ataH pratyeka jIva apane kAryokA svayaM prabhu hai, svayaM kartA hai aura svayaM bhoktA hai / ataH jagata-kalyANakI dRSTise aura vastuke svAbhAvika pariNamanakI sthitipara gaharA vicAra karanese yahI siddhAnta sthira hotA hai ki yaha
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 159 jagata svayaM apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa prApta sAmagrIke anusAra parivartamAna hai / usameM vibhinna vyaktiyoMkI anukUlatA aura pratikUlatAse acchepana aura burepanakI kalpanA hotI rahatI hai / jagata to apanI gatise calA jA rahA hai / 'jo karegA, vahI bhogegaa| jo boyegA, vahI kaattegaa|' yaha eka svAbhAvika vyavasthA hai / dravyoMke pariNamana kahIM cetanase prabhAvita hote haiM, kahIM acetanase prabhAvita aura kahIM paraspara prabhAvita / inakA koI nizcita niyama nahIM hai, jaba jaisI sAmagrI prastuta ho jAtI hai, taba vaisA pariNamana bana jAtA hai| jIvoMke bheda saMsArI aura mukta : jaisA ki Uparake vivecanase spaSTa hotA hai, ki yaha jIva apane saMskAroMke kAraNa svayaM baMdhA hai aura apane puruSArthase svayaM chUTakara mukta ho sakatA hai, usIke anusAra jIva do zreNiyoMmeM vibhAjita ho jAte haiN| eka saMsArI-jo apane saMskAroMke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoMmeM zarIroMko dhAraNakara janma-maraNa rUpase saMsaraNa kara rahe haiM / (2) dUsare mukta-jo samasta karmasaMskAroMse chUTakara apane zuddha caitanyameM sadA parivartamAna haiN| jaba jIva mukta hotA hai, taba vaha dIpazikhAko taraha apane Urdhva-gamana svabhAvake kAraNa zarIrake bandhanoMko tor3akara lokAgrameM jA pahu~catA hai, aura vahIM ananta kAla taka zuddhacaitanyasvarUpameM lIna rahatA hai / usake AtmapradezoMkA AkAra antima zarIrake AkArake samAna banA rahatA hai; kyoMki Age usake vistArakA kAraNa nAmakarma nahIM rahatA / jIvoMke pradezoMkA saMkoca aura vistAra donoM hI karmanimittase hote haiM / nimittake haTa jAne para jo antima sthiti hai, vahI raha jAtI hai| yadyapi jIvakA svabhAva Uparako gati karanekA hai, kintu gati karane meM sahAyaka dharmadravya cU~ki lokake antima bhAga taka hI hai, ataH mukta jIvakI gati lokAna taka hI hotI hai, Age nhiiN| isIlie siddhoMko 'lokAgranivAsI' kahate hai /
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________________ 160 jainadarzana siddhAtmAe~ cU~ki zuddha ho gaI hai, ataH unapara kisI dUsare dravyakA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA; aura na ve paraspara hI prabhAvita hotI haiN| jinakA saMsAracakra eka bAra ruka gayA, phira unheM saMsArameM rulanekA koI kAraNa zeSa nahIM rhtaa| isalie inheM anantasiddha kahate haiN| jovakI saMsAra'yAtrA kabase zuru' huI, yaha nahIM batAyA jA sakatA; para 'kaba samApta hogI' yaha nizcita batAyA jA sakatA hai / asaMkhya jIvoMne apanI saMsArayAtrA samApta karake mukti pAI bhI hai| ina siddhoMke sabhI guNoMkA pariNamana sadA zuddha hI rahatA hai| ye kRtakRtya haiM, niraMjana hai aura kevala apane zuddhacitpariNamanake svAmI hai| inakI yaha siddhAvasthA nitya isa arthameM hai ki vaha svAbhAvika pariNamana karate rahane para bhI kabhI vikRta yA naSTa nahIM hotii| yaha prazna prAyaH uThatA hai ki 'yadi siddha sadA eka-se rahate haiM, to unameM pariNamana mAnanekI kyA AvazyakatA hai ?' parantu isakA uttara atyanta sahaja hai / aura vaha yaha hai ki jaba dravyakI mUlasthiti ho utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa hai, taba kisI bhI dravyako cAhe vaha zuddha ho yA azuddha, isa mUlasvabhAvakA apavAda kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? use to apane mUla svabhAvake anusAra pariNamana karanA hI hogaa| cUMki unake vibhAva pariNa. manakA koI hetu nahIM hai, ataH unakA sadA svabhAvarUpase hI pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI pariNamana-cakrase bAhara nahIM jA sktaa| 'taba pariNamanakA kyA prayojana ?' isakA sIdhA uttara hai'svabhAva' / ki pratyeka dravyakA yaha nija svabhAva hai, ataH use ananta kAla taka apane svabhAvameM rahanA hI hogaa| dravya apane agurulaghuguNake kAraNa na kama hotA hai aura na bar3hatA hai / vaha pariNamanakI tIkSNa dhArapara car3hA rahanepara bhI apanA dravyatva naSTa nahIM hone detaa| yahI anAdi ananta avicchinnatA dravyatva hai, aura yahI usakI apanI maulika vizeSatA hai /
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________________ jIvadravya - vivecana 161 agurulaghuguNake kAraNa usake na to pradezoMmeM hI nyUnAdhikatA hotI haiM, aura na guNoMmeM hI / usake AkAra aura prakAra bho santulita rahate haiM / siddhakA svarUpa nimnalikhita gAthAmeM bahuta spaSTa rUpase kahA gayA hai"kimmA aTTaguNA kiMcUNA caramadehado siddhA / loyagga-ThidA NizcA uppAdavaehiM saMjuttA // " - niyamamAra gA0 72 / arthAt -- siddha jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM se rahita haiM / samyaktva jJAna, darzana, vIrya, sUkSmatva, avagAhanatva agurulaghutva aura avyAbAdha ina ATha guNoMse yukta haiM / apane pUrva antima zarIrase kucha nyUna AkAravAle haiM / nitya haiM aura utpAda - vyayase yukta haiM, tathA lokake agrabhAga meM sthita haiM / isa taraha jIvadravya saMsArI aura mukta do prakAroMmeM vibhAjita hokara bhI mUla svabhAvase samAna guNa aura samAnazaktivAlA hai / pudgala dravya : 'pudgala' dravyakA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai- rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzase yukta honA / jo dravya skandha avasthAmeM pUraNa arthAt anya-anya paramANuoMse milanA aura galana arthAt kucha paramANuoM kA vichur3anA, isa taraha upacaya aura apacayako prApta hotA hai, vaha 'pudgala' kahalAtA hai / samasta dRzya jagata isa 'pudgala' kA hI vistAra hai / mUla dRSTise pudgaladravya paramANurUpa hI hai / aneka paramANuoMse milakara jo skandha banatA hai, vaha saMyuktadravya ( anekadravya ) hai / skandhaparyAya skandhAntargata sabhI pudgala - parAmANuoM kI saMyukta paryAya hai| ve pudgalaparamANu jaba taka apanI baMdhazaktise zithila yA nibir3arUpameM eka-dUsarese juTe rahate haiM, taba taka 1. "sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH" -tattvAthasU0 5 / 23 / 11
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________________ 162 jainadarzana skandha kahe jAte hai / ina skandhoMkA banAva aura vigAr3a paramANuoM kI baMdhazakti aura bhedazakti ke kAraNa hotA hai / pratyeka' paramANume svabhAvame eka rasa, eka rUpa, eka gandha aura do sparza hote haiM / lAla, pIlA, nIlA, sapheda aura kAlA ina pA~ca rUpomese koI eka rUpa paramANume hotA hai jo badalatA bhI rahatA hai / tInA kaTvA kaSAyalA, khaTTA aura mIThA ina pA~ca romeme porTa eka rama paramANuome hotA hai, jo parivartita bhI hotA rahatA hai / sugandha aura durgandha ina do gandhome se koI eka gandha paramANume avazya hotI hai / gIna aura uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa, ina do yugalo se koI eka-eka spaza arthAt zIta aura uSNamese eka aura snigdha tathA kSamese eka, isa taraha do sparza pratyeka paramANu avazya hote he / vAkI mRdu karkaza, guru aura laghu ye cAra sparga svandha-avasthAke hai paramANu avasthAmai ye nahIM hote / yaha ekapradezI hotA hai / yaha skandho kAraNa bhI hai aura svanvoke bhedame / utpanna hone ke kAraNa unakA kArya bhI hai| pudgalI paramANu- javasthA svAbhAvika paryAya hai, aura skandha-avasthA vibhAta - paryAya hai / skandhoMke bheda : skandha paramopetahote (1) ati ( bAvarA ) satya -bhinna honepara svayaM na milo, ve lakaDI patra pani pRthvI Adi atisthUlasthUla hai | 1. " eyarasavaNNAM do phArsa sahakAraNamasaH / " ---- - paMcAtikAya gA0 81 / 2. "azRlathUlazUlaM dhUlaM sahamaM ca guhumavalaM ca sumaM ahamaMdati dharAdiyaM hoi chabme / // " - niyamamAra gA0 21-24 /
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________________ jIvadravya-vivecana 163 (2) sthUla (bAdara)-jo skandha chinna-bhinna honepara svayaM ApasameM mila jA~ya, ve sthUla skandha hai / jaise ki dUdha, ghI, tela, pAnI Adi / (3) sthUla-sUkSma (bAdara-sUkSma)-jo skandha dikhanemeM to sthUla hoM, lekina chedane-bhedane aura grahaNa karanemeM na Ave, ve chAyA, prakAza, andhakAra, cA~danI Adi sthUla-sUkSma skandha hai / (4) sUkSma-sthUla (mUkSma-bAdara)-jo sUkSma hokarake bhI sthUla rUpameM dikheM, ve pA~coM indriyoke vipaya-sparza, rasa, gandha varNa aura zabda sUkSma-sthUla skandha hai| (5) sUkSma-jo sUkSma honeke kAraNa indriyoMke dvArA grahaNa na kiye jA sakate hoM, ve karmavargaNA Adi sUkSma skandha haiN| (6) atisUkSma-karmavargaNAse bhI choTe dvayaNuka skandha taka sUkSmasUkSma haiN| paramANu paramAtisUdama hai / vaha avibhAgI hai| zabdakA kAraNa hokara bhI svayaM azabda hai, zAzvata hokara bhI utpAda aura vyayavAlA hai-yAnI trayAtmaka pariNamana karanevAlA hai / skandha Adi cAra bheda : 'pudgala dravyake skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza aura paramANu ye cAra vibhAga bhI hote hai / anantAnanta paramANuoMse skandha banatA hai, usase AdhA skandhadeza aura skandhadezakA AdhA skandhapradeza hotA hai| paramANu sarvataH avibhAgI hotA hai| indriyA~, zarIra, mana, idriyoMke viSaya aura zvAsocchvAsa Adi saba kucha pudgala dravyake hI vividha pariNamana hai| 1. 'khaMdhA ya khaMdhadesA khaMdhapadesA ya hAti paramANU / idi te cadunviyappA puggalakAyA muNayanvA // ' "-paJcAstikAya gA0 74-75 / 2. "zarIravAGmanaH prANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / " -tatvArthasUtra 5 / 19 /
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________________ 164 jainadarzana bandhakI prakriyA: ina paramANuoMmeM svAbhAvika snigdhatA aura rUkSatA honeke kAraNa paraspara bandha hotA hai, jisase skandhoMkI utpatti hotI hai / snigdha aura rUkSa guNoMke zaktyaMzakI apekSA asaMkhya bheda hote haiM; aura unameM tAratamya bhI hotA rahatA hai / eka zaktyaMza ( jaghanyaguNa ) vAle snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoMkA paraspara bandha ( rAsAyanika mizraNa ) nahIM hotaa| snigdha aura snigdha, rUkSa aura rUkSa, snigdha aura rUkSa, tathA rUkSa aura snigdha paramANuoMmeM bandha tabhI hogA, jaba inameM paraspara guNoMke zaktyaMza do adhika hoM, arthAt do guNavAle snigdha yA rUkSa paramANukA bandha cAra guNavAle snigdha yA rUkSa paramANuse hogA / bandhakAlameM jo adhika guNavAlA paramANu hai, vaha kama guNavAle paramANukA apane rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza rUpase pariNamana karA letA hai / isa taraha do paramANuoMse dvayaNuka, tIna paramANuoMse tryaNuka aura cAra, pA~ca Adi paramANuoMse caturaNuka, paJcANuka Adi skandha utpanna hote rahate haiN| mahAskandhoMke bhedase bhI do alpa skandha ho sakate haiN| yAnI skandha, saMghAta aura bheda donoMse banate haiN| skandha avasthAmeM paramANu oMkA paraspara itanA sUkSma pariNamana ho jAtA hai ki thor3I-sI jagahameM asaMkhya paramANu samA jAte haiM / eka sera rUI aura eka sera lohemeM sAdhAraNatayA paramANuoMko saMkhyA barAbara hone para bhI unake nibiDa aura zithila bandhake kAraNa rUI thulathulI hai aura lohA Thosa / rUI adhika sthAnako rokatI hai aura lohA kama sthaanko| ina pudgaloMke isI sUkSma pariNamanake kAraNa asaMkhyAtapradezI lokameM anantAnanta paramANu samAe hue haiM / jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki pratyeka - 1. "snigdharUkSatvAd bandhaH / na jaghanyaguNAnAm / guNasAmye sadRzAnAm / dayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu / bandhe'dhiko pAriNAmiko c|" -tattvArthasUtra 5 / 33-37 /
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 165 dravya pariNAmI hai / usI taraha ye pudgala dravya bhI usa pariNamanake apavAda nahIM haiM aura pratikSaNa upayukta sthUla-bAdarAdi skandhoMke rUpameM banate bigar3ate rahate haiN| zabda Adi pudgalakI paryAya haiM : 'zabda, bandha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna, bheda, andhakAra, chAyA, prakAza, udyota aura garmI Adi pudgala dravyakI hI paryAyeM haiN| zabdako vaizeSika Adi AkAzakA guNa mAnate haiM, kintu Ajake vijJAnane apane reDiyo aura grAmAphona Adi vividha yantroMse zabdako pakar3akara aura use iSTa sthAnameM bhejakara usako paudgalikatA prayogase siddha kara dI hai / yaha zabda pudgalake dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, pudgalase dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, pudgaloMse rukatA hai, pudgaloMko rokatA hai, pudgala kAna Adike pardoko phAr3a detA hai aura paudgalika vAtAvaraNameM anukampana paidA karatA hai, ataH paudgalika hai / skandhoMke paraspara saMyoga, saMgharSaNa aura vibhAgase zabda utpanna hotA hai / jihvA aura tAla Adi ke saMyogase nAnA prakArake bhASAtmaka prAyogika zabda utpanna hote hai| isake utpAdaka upAdAna kAraNa tathA sthUla nimitta kAraNa donoM hI paudgalika haiN| jaba do skandhoMke saMgharpase koI eka zabda utpanna hotA hai, to vaha Asa-pAsake skandhoMko apanI zaktike anumAra zabdAyamAna kara detA hai, arthAt usake nimittase una skandhoM meM bhI zabdaparyAya utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaise jalAzayameM eka kaMkar3a DAlane para jo prathama lahara utpanna hotI hai, vaha apanI gatizaktise pAsake jalako kramazaH taraMgita karatI jAtI hai aura yaha 'vIcItaraMganyAya' kisI-na-kisI rUpameM apane vegake anusAra kAphI dUra taka cAlU rahatA hai| 1. "zabdabandhasaukSmyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyAtapodhotavantazca / " -tattvArthasUtra 5 / 24 //
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________________ jainadarzana zabda zaktirUpa nahIM hai: zabda kevala zakti nahIM hai, kintu zaktimAn pudgaladravya-skandha haiM, jo vAyu skandhake dvArA dezAntarako jAtA huA AmapAsake vAtAvaraNako jhanajhanAtA jAtA hai| yantroMse usakI gati bar3hAI jA sakatI hai aura umakI sUkSma laharako mudara dezase pakar3A jA sakatA hai| daknAke tAla Adike saMyogase utpanna huA eka manda magvame bAhara nikalate hI cAroM taraphake vAtAvaraNako umI zabda kara detA hai| vaha svayaM bhI niyata dizAmeM jAtA hai ora jAte-jAte, gavdase zabda aura zavdame gabda paidA karatA jAtA hai / zabdake jAnekA adha paryAyavAle skandhakA jAnA hai aura zabdakI utpattikA bhI artha hai AsapAsake skandhoMmeM gabdaparyAyakA utpanna honA / tAtparya yaha ki zabda svayaM dravyakI paryAya hai, aura isa paryAyake AdhAra hai pudgala skandha / amRtika AkAzake guName ye sava nATaka nahIM ho skte| amUrta dravyakA guNa to amUrta hI hogA, vaha mUrttake dvArA gRhIta nahIM ho sktaa| vizvakA samasta vAtAvaraNa gatizIla pudgalaparamANu aura skandhoMse nirmita hai / usIme paraspara maMyoga Adi nimittose garmI, sardI, prakAza, andhakAra, chAyA Adi paryAya utpanna hotI aura naSTa hotI rahatI haiN| garmI, prakAza aura zabda ye kevala zaktiyA~ nahIM hai, kyoMki zaktiyA~ nirAzraya nahIM raha sktiiN| ve to kisI-na-kisI AdhArameM raheMgI aura unakA AdhAra hai-yaha pudgala dravya / paramANukI gati eka samayameM lokAnta taka ( caudaha rAju ) ho sakatI hai, aura vaha gatikAlameM AsapAmake vAtAvaraNako prabhAvita karatA hai / prakAza aura zabdako gatikA jo lekhA-jokhA Ajake vijJAnane lagAyA hai, vaha paramANuko ima svAbhAvika gatikA eka alpa aMza hai| prakAza aura garmIke skandha ekadezase sudUra deza taka jAte hue apane vega ( force ) ke anusAra vAtAvaraNako
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 167 prakAzamaya aura garmI paryAyase yukta banAte hue jAte haiM / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jo prakAza Adi skandha vijalIke TArca Adime nikalate hai, ve bahuta dUra taka svayaM cale jAte hai, aura anya gatizIla pudgala skandhAko prakAza, garmI yA zabdarUpa paryAya dhAraNa karAke unheM Age calA dete hai / Ajake vaijJAnikone to petArakA tAra aura binA tArake TelIphonakA bhI AviSkAra kara liyA hai / jisa taraha hama amerikAme bore zandIko yahA~ suna lete hai, usI taraha aba bolanevAle ke phoToko bhI sunate samaya dekha sakege | pudgala ke khela : yaha saba zanda, AkRti, kAna, ma, chAyA, janmahAra jAdikA parivahana tIvra gatizIla pudgalaskandho dvArA hI ho raMga de / paramANukI vinAzaka zakti jAra hAiDrojana bama mahApralayAne hama pudgalaparamANukI ananta zaktiyo kA kucha andAja lagA sakate hai | eka dUsare ke sAtha baMdhanA, gudamatA, sthUlanA, cokoNa, paTkoNa Adi vividha AkRtiyA~, suhAvanI cA~danI, magalamaya upAne lAlI Adi sabhI kucha pudgala skandhokI paryAya hai / nirantara gatizIla aura utpAdavyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamanavAle anantAnanta paramANuoke paraspara saMyoga aura vibhAgase kucha naigika ora kucha prAyogika pariNamana isa vizvake raMgamaJcapara pratikSaNa ho rahe hai / ye saba mAyA yA javidyA nahIM hai, Thoma matya hai / svapnakI taraha kAlpanika nahI hai, kintu apaneme vAstavika astitva rakhanevAle padArtha hai / vijJAnane eTamame jina ilekTrona aura proTonako avirAma gatime cakkara lagAte hue dekhA hai, vaha sUkSma yA atisUkSma pudgala skandhame ba~dhe hue paramANuokA hI gaticakra hai / saba apane-apane kramame jaba jemI kAraNamAmagrI pA lete hai, vaisA pariNamana karate hue apanI ananta yAtrA kara rahe hai / puruSakI
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________________ 168 jainadarzana kitanI-sI zakti ! vaha kahA~ taka ina dravyoMke pariNamanoMko prabhAvita kara sakatA hai ? hA~, jahA~ taka apanI sUjha-bUjha aura zaktike anusAra vaha yantroMke dvArA inheM prabhAvita aura niyantrita kara sakatA thA, vahA~ taka usane kiyA bhI hai| pudgalakA niyantraNa paudgalika sAdhanoMse hI ho sakatA hai aura ve sAdhana bhI pariNamanazIla haiM / ataH hameM dravyakI mUla sthiti AdhArase hI tattvavicAra karanA cAhiye aura vizvavyava - sthAkA AdhAra DhU~r3hanA cAhie / chAyA pudgalakI hI paryAya hai : sUrya Adi prakAzayukta dravyake nimittase Asa-pAsa ke pudgalaskandha bhAsurarUpako dhAraNa kara prakAzaskandha bana jAte haiM / isI prakAzako jitanI jagaha koI sthUla skandha yadi roka letA hai to utanI jagahake skandha kAle rUpako dhAraNa kara lete haiM, yahI chAyA yA andhakAra hai / ye sabhI pudgala dravyake khela haiM / kevala mAyAko AMkhamicaunI nahIM hai aura na 'eko'haM bahu syAm' kI lIlA | ye to Thosa vajanadAra paramArthasat pudgala paramANuoMkI avirAma gati aura pariNatike vAstavika dRzya haiM / yaha A~kha mU~dakara kI jAnevAlI bhAvanA nahIM hai, kintu prayogazAlAmeM rAsAyanika prakriyAse kiye jAnevAle prayogasiddha padArtha haiM / yadyapi pudgalANuoMmeM samAna ananta zakti hai, phira bhI vibhinna skandhoMmeM jAkara unakI zaktiyoMke bhI jude - jude ananta bheda ho jAte haiM / jaise pratyeka paramANu meM sAmAnyataH mAdakazakti hone para bhI usakI prakaTatAkI yogyatA mahuvA, dAkha aura kodoM Adike skandhoM meM hI sAkSAt hai, so bhI amuka jalAdike rAsAyanika mizraNase / ye paryAyayogyatAe~ kahalAtI haiM, jo una una sthUla paryAyoMmeM prakaTa hotI haiM / aura ina sthUla paryAyoM ke ghaTaka sUkSma skandha bhI apanI usa avasthAmeM viziSTa zaktiko dhAraNa karate haiM /
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________________ jIvadravya - vivecana 169 eka hI pudgala maulika hai : Adhunika vijJAnane pahale 62 maulika tatva ( Elements ) khoje the / unhoMne inake vajana aura zaktike aMza nizcita kiye the / maulika tattvakA artha hotA hai - 'eka tattvakA dUsare rUpa na honA / ' parantu aba eka eTama ( Atom ) hI mUla tattva baca gayA hai / yahI eTama apane meM cAroM ora gatizIla ilekTrona aura proTonakI saMkhyA ke bhedase oNksIjana, tA~bA, yUreniyama, reDiyama Adi avaoNksIjanake amuka ilekTrona yA proTo / haoNiDrojana, cA~dI, sonA, lohA, sthAoMko dhAraNa kara letA hai nako tor3ane yA milAne para vahI haoNiDrojana bana jAtA hai / isa tarah oNksIjana aura oNiDrojana do maulika na hokara eka tattvakI avasthAvizeSa hI siddha hote hai / mUlatattva kevala aNu ( Atom ) haiM / pRthivI Adi svatantra dravya nahIM : naiyAyika - vaizeSika pRthvI ke paramANuoM meM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi cAroM guNa, jalake paramANuoMmeM rUpa, rama aura sparza ye tIna guNa, agnike paramANuoM meM rUpa aura sparza ye do guNa aura vAyume kevala sparza, isa taraha guNabheda mAnakara cAroMko svatantra dravya mAnate hai; kintu jaba pratyakSa se sIpameM par3A huA jala, pArthiva motI bana jAtA hai, pArthiva lakar3I agni bana jAtI hai, agni bhasma vana jAtI hai, pArthiva hima pighalakara jala ho jAtA hai aura oNksIjana aura hAiDrojana donoM vAyu milakara jala bana jAtI hai, taba inameM paraspara guNabhedakRta jAtibheda mAnakara pRthak dravyatva kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ? jainadarzanane pahalese hI samasta pudgalaparamA oMkA paraspara pariNamana dekhakara eka hI pudgala dravya svIkAra kiyA hai yaha to ho sakatA hai ki avasthAvizeSameM koI guNa prakaTa hoM aura koI aprakaTa / agnimeM rasa aprakaTa raha sakatA hai, vAyumeM rUpa aura jalameM gandha, kintu ukta dravyoMmeM una guNoMkA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha eka
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________________ 170 jainadarzana sAmAnya niyama hai ki 'jahA~ sparza hogA vahA~ rUpa, rasa aura gandha avazya hI hoNge|' isI taraha jina do padArthokA eka-dUsareke rUpase pariNamana ho jAtA hai ve donoM pRthak jAtIya dravya nahIM ho sakate / imolie Ajake vijJAnako apane prayogoMse ugI ekajAtika aNuvAdapara AnA par3A hai / prakAza aura garmI bhI zaktiyA~ nahIM : yadyapi vijJAna prakAga, garmI aura gavdako abhI kevala ( Incrgy ) gakti mAnatA hai / para, vaha zakti nirAdhAra na hokara kisI-na-kimI Thosa AdhArame rahane vAlI hI giddha hogI; kyoki gakti yA guNa nirAzraya nahIM raha skte| unhe kigI-na-kigI maulika dravyake Azrayame rahanA hI hogA / ye zaktiyA~ jina mAdhyamose gati karatI hai, una mAdhyamoMko svayaM umarUpase pariNata karAtI huI ho jAtI hai / ataH yaha prazna maname uThatA hai ki jise hama zaktikI gati kahate hai vaha AkAgame nirantara pracita paramANuoMme avigama gatise utpanna honevAlI zaktiparaMparA hI to nahIM hai ? hama pahale batA Aye hai ki zabda, garmI aura prakAza kisI nizcita dizAko gati bhI kara sakate hai aura samIpake vAtAvaraNako zavdAyamAna, prakAzamAna aura garama bhI kara dete hai| yoM to jaba pratyeka paramANu gatizIla hai aura utpAda-vyayasvabhAvake kAraNa pratikSaNa nUtana paryAyoMko dhAraNa kara rahA hai, tava zabda, prakAza aura garmIkA inhIM paramANuoMkI paryAya mAnaneme hI vastusvarUpakA saMrakSaNa raha pAtA hai| ___ jaina granthoMme pudgala dravyoMkI jina-karmavargaNA, nokarmavargaNA, AhAravargaNA, bhASAvargaNA Adi rUpase-23 prakArako vargaNAoMkA varNana milatA hai, ve svatantra dravya nahIM hai| eka hI pudgalajAtIya skandhoMme ye vibhinna prakArake pariNamana, vibhinna sAmagrIke anusAra vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM bana jAte hai| yaha nahIM hai ki jo paramANu eka vAra karmavargaNArUpa hue hai; 1. dekho, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 593-94 /
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________________ jIvadravya - vivecana 171 ve sadA karmavargaNArUpa hI rahege, anyarUpa nahI hoge, yA anyaparamANu karmavargaNArUpa na ho sakege / ye bheda to vibhinna skandha-avasthAme vikasita zaktibhedake kAraNa hai / pratyeka dravyame apanI-apanI dravyagata mUla yogyatAoMke anusAra, jaimI - jaimI sAmagrIkA jaTAva ho jAtA hai, vaisA-vaimA pratyeka pariNamana saMbhava hai / jo paramANa zarIra avasthAma nokamavagaNA banakara zAmila hue the, vo paramANu matyuke bAda garI sAka ho jAne para janya vibhinna avasthAoko prApta ho jAta | ekajAtIya dravyame kisI bhI dravyavyakti manokA vandhana nahI lagA jA sakatA / yaha ThIka hai ki kucha pariNamana kisI uparyApta dgalo sAkSAt ho gakate hai, kisIse nahIM / jame giTTI-avasthAko prApta padgala paramANu ho ghaTa-zavasthAna dhAra sakate haiM, agni avasthAko naegala paramANunI, pati jagni jara ghaTa donoM hI galakI hI paryAye hai| yaha to sambhava hai ki jagnike paramANu dAlAntarame phira ghaTA bane para sIdhe agnise ghaTA nahI banAyA jA sakatA | malataH pudgalaparamANuome na to kiyo prakArakA jAnibheda hai, na naktibheda hai aura na AkArabheda ho / ye sava bheda to vIcakI skandha paryAya hote hai| miTTI bana jAye aura gatizIlatA : pudgala paramANu svabhAvataH kriyAzIla hai / usako gati tIvra, manda aura madhyama aneka prakArakI hotI hai / usame vajana bhI hotA hai, kintu usakI prakaTatA svandha avasthAme hotI hai / ina skandho aneka prakArake sthUla, sUkSma, pratighAtI aura apratighAtI pariNamana avasthAbhedake kAraNa sambhava hote hai / isa taraha yaha aNujagat apanI bAhyAbhyantara sAmagrI ke anusAra dRzya aura adRzya aneka prakArako avasthAoMko svayameva dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai | usame jo kucha bhI niyatatA yA aniyatatA, vyavasthA yA avyavasthA hai, vaha svayameva / bIca ke paDAva purupakA prayatna inake
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________________ 172 jainadarzana pariNamanoMko kucha kAlataka kisI vizeSa rUpameM prabhAvita aura niyantrita bhI karatA hai / bIcameM honevAlI aneka avasthAoMkA adhyayana aura darzana karake jo sthUla kAryakAraNabhAva niyata kiye jAte haiM, ve bhI ina dravyoMkI mUlayogyatAoMke hI AdhArase kiye jAte haiM / dharmadravya aura adharma dravya : ananta AkAzameM lokake amuka AkArako nizcita karaneke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki koI aisI vibhAjaka rekhA kisI vAstavika AdhArapara nizcita ho, jisake kAraNa jIva aura pudgaloMkA gamana vahIM taka ho sake; bAhara nhiiN| AkAza eka amUrta, akhaNDa aura anantapradezI dravya hai / usakI apanI saba jagaha eka sAmAnya sattA hai| ataH usake amuka pradezoM taka pudgala aura jIvoMkA gamana ho aura Age nahIM, yaha niyantraNa svayaM akhaNDa AkAzadravya nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki usameM pradezabheda hokara bhI svabhAvabheda nahIM hai| jIva aura pudgala svayaM gatisvabhAvavAle hai, ataH yadi ve gati karate hai to svayaM rukanekA prazna hI nahIM hai| isalie jaina AcAryone loka aura alokake vibhAgake lie lokavartI AkAzake barAbara eka amUrtika, niSkriya aura akhaNDa dharmadravya mAnA hai, jo gatizIla jIva aura pudgaloMko gamana karane meM sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai / yaha kisI bhI dravyako preraNA karake nahIM calAtA; kintu jo svayaM gati karate hai, unako mAdhyama banakara sahArA detA hai / isakA astitva lokake bhItara to sAdhAraNa hai para lokakI sImAoMpara niyantrakake rUpameM hai / sImAoMpara patA calatA hai ki dharmadravya bhI koI astitvazAlI dravya hai; jisake kAraNa samasta jIva aura pudgala apanI yAtrA usI sImA taka samApta karaneko vivaza hai, usake Age nahIM jA sakate / jisa prakAra gatike lie eka sAdhAraNa kAraNa dharmadravya apekSita hai; usI taraha jIva ora pudgaloMkI sthitike lie bhI eka sAdhAraNa kAraNa
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 173 honA cAhie aura vaha hai - adharma dravya / yaha bhI lokAkAzake barAbara hai, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabdase- rahita amUrtika hai; niSkriya hai aura utpAda - vyayarUpase pariNamana karate hue bhI nitya hai / apane svAbhAvika santulana rakhanevAle ananta agurulaghuguNoM se utpAda-vyaya karatA huA, ThaharanevAle jIva- pudgaloM kI sthiti meM sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai / isake astitvakA patA bhI lokakI sImAoM para hI calatA hai / jaba Age dharmadravya na hone ke kAraNa jIva aura pudgala dravya gati nahIM kara sakate taba sthiti ke lie isakI sahakAritA apekSita hotI hai / ye donoM dravya svayaM gati nahIM karate; kintu gamana karanevAle ora ThaharanevAle jIva aura pudgaloMkI gati aura sthiti meM sAdhAraNa nimitta hote hai / loka aura alokakA vibhAga ho inake sadbhAvakA acUka pramANa hai / yadi AkAzako hI sthitikA kAraNa mAnate hai, to AkAza to aloka meM bhI maujUda hai / vaha cU~ki akhaNDa dravya hai, ataH yadi vaha lokake bAhara padArtho kI sthitimeM kAraNa nahIM ho makatA; to lokake bhItara bhI usakI kAraNatA nahIM bana sakatI / isalie sthitike sAdhAraNa kAraNake rUpameM adharmadravyakA pRthak astitva hai / dharma aura adharma dravya, puNya aura pApake paryAyavAcI nahIM hai-- svataMtra dravya haiM / inake asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM, ataH bahupradezI honeke kAraNa inheM 'astikAya' kahate haiM aura isalie inakA 'dharmAstikAya' aura 'adharmA stikAya' ke rUpameM bhI nirdeza hotA hai / inakA sadA zuddha pariNamana hotA hai / dravyake mUla pariNAmI - svabhAva ke anusAra pUrva paryAyako chor3ane aura uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karanekA krama apane pravAhI astitvako banAye rakhate hue anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai aura ananta kAla taka cAlU rahegA / AkAza dravya : samasta jIva- ajIvAdi dravyoMko jo jagaha detA hai arthAt jisameM ye samasta jIva- pudgalAdi dravya yugapat avakAza pAye hue haiM, vaha Akaza
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________________ 174 jainadarzana dravya hai / yadyapi pudgalAdi dravyoMmeM bhI paraspara honAdhika rUpameM eka dUsareko avakAza denA dekhA jAtA hai, jaise ki Tebila para kitAba yA bartana meM pAnI AdikA, phira bhI samasta dravyoMko ekasAtha avakAza denevAlA AkAza hI ho sakatA hai| isake ananta pradeza haiM / isake madhya bhAgameM caudaha rAjU U~cA puruSAkAra loka hai, jisake kAraNa AkAza lokAkAza aura alokAkAzake rUpameM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai / lokAkAza asaMkhyAta pradezoMmeM hai, zepa ananta aloka hai, jahA~ kevala AkAza ho AkAza hai / yaha niSkriya hai aura rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabdAdise rahita honeke kAraNa amUrtika hai / 'avakAza dAna' hI isakA eka asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jisa prakAra ki dharmadravyakA gamanakAraNatva aura adharmadravyakA sthitikAraNatva | yaha sarvavyApaka hai aura akhaNDa hai / dizA svatantra dravya nahIM : isI AkAzake pradezoM meM sUryodayakI apekSA pUrva, pazcima Adi dizAoMkI kalpanA kI jAtI hai / dizA koI svatantra dravya nahIM hai / AkAzake pradezoMkI paMktiyA~ sava tarapha kapar3e meM tantukI taraha zreNIbaddha haiM / eka paramANu jitane AkAzako rokatA hai use pradeza kahate hai / isa nApase AkAzake ananta pradeza haiM / yadi pUrva, pazcima Adi vyavahAra hone ke kAraNa dizAko eka svatantra dravya mAnA jAtA hai, to pUrvadeza, pazcimadeza Adi vyavahAroMse 'deza dravya' bhI svatantra mAnanA par3egA / phira prAnta, jilA, tahasIla Adi bahutase svatantra dravyoMkI kalpanA karanI par3egI / zabda AkAzakA guNa nahIM : AkAza meM zabda guNakI kalpanA bhI Ajake vaijJAnika prayogoMne asatya siddha kara dI hai / hama pudgala dravyake varNanameM use paudgalika siddha kara Aye haiM / yaha to moTI-sI bAta hai ki jo zabda paudgalika indriyoMse gRhIta hotA hai, pudgaloMse TakarAtA hai, pudgaloMse rokA jAtA hai, pudgaloM
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 175. ko rokatA hai, pudgaloM meM bharA jAtA hai, vaha paudgalika hI ho sakatA hai / ataH zabda guNake AdhArake rUpameM AkAzakA astitva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / na 'pudgala dravya' kA hI pariNamana AkAza ho sakatA hai; kyoMki eka hI dravyake mUrta aura amUrta, vyApaka aura avyApaka Adi do viruddha pariNamana nahIM ho sakate / AkAza prakRtikA vikAra nahIM : sAMkhya eka prakRti tattva mAnakara usIke pRthivI Adi bhUta tathA AkAza ye donoM pariNamana mAnate hai / parantu vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai kieka prakRtikA ghaTa, paTa, pRthivI, jala, agni aura vAyu Adi aneka rUpo bhautika kAryoke AkArameM hI pariNamana karanA yukti aura anubhava donoMse viruddha hai, kyoMki saMsArake ananta rUpI bhautika kAryokI apanI pRthakapRthak mattA dekhI jAtI hai / sattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMkA mAdRzya dekhakara ina sabako ekajAtIya yA samAnajAtIya to kahA jA makatA hai, para eka nahIM / kiJcit samAnatA honeke kAraNa kAyoMkA eka kAraNase utpanna honA bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai| bhinna-bhinna kAraNAMse utpanna hone vAle saikar3oM ghaTa-paTAdi kArya kucha-na-kucha jar3atva Adike rUpameM samAnatA rakhate ho hai / phira mUrtika aura amUrtika, rUpI aura arUpI, vyApaka aura avyApaka, sakriya ora niSkriya Adi rUpase viruddha dharmavAle pRthivI Adi aura AkAgako eka prakRtikA pariNamana mAnanA brahmavAdakI mAyAmeM hI eka aMzase samA jAnA hai / brahmavAda kucha Age bar3hakara cetana aura acetana sabhI padArthoko eka brahmakI vivarta mAnatA hai, ora ye sAMkhya samasta jar3oM ko eka jar3a prakRtiko paryAya / yadi triguNAtmakatvakA anvaya honese saba eka triguNatmaka kAraNase samutpanna hai, to AtmatvakA anvaya sabhI AtmAoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai, aura sattAkA anvaya sabhI cetana aura acetana padArthomeM pAyA jAtA hai; to
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________________ 176 jainadarzana ina sabako bhI eka 'advaita-sat' kAraNase utpanna huA mAnanA par3egA, jo ki pratIti aura vaijJAnika prayoga donoMse viruddha hai| apane-apane vibhinna kAraNoMse utpanna honevAle svatantra jar3a-cetana aura mata-amUrta Adi vividha padArthoM meM aneka prakArake para-apara sAmAnyoMkA sAdRzya dekhA jAtA hai, para itane mAtrase saba eka nahIM ho sakate / ataH AkAza prakRtikI paryAya na hokara eka svatantra dravya hai, jo amUrta, niSkriya, sarvavyApaka aura ananta hai| ___ jala Adi pudgala dravya apane meM jo anya pudagalAdi dravyoMko avakAza yA sthAna dete haiM, vaha unake tarala pariNamana aura zithila bandhake kAraNa banatA hai| antataH jalAdike bhItara rahane vAlA AkAza hI avakAza denevAlA siddha hotA hai| isa AkAzase hI dharmadravya aura adharmadravyakA gati aura sthitirUpa kAma nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA; kyoMki yadi AkAza hI pudgalAdi dravyoM kI gati aura sthitimeM nimitta ho jAya to loka aura alokakA vibhAga hI nahIM bana sakegA, aura mukta jIva, jo lokAntameM Thaharate haiM, ve sadA ananta AkAzameM UparakI ora ur3ate rhege| ataH AkAzako gamana aura sthitimeM sAdhAraNa kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha AkAza bhI anya dravyoMkI bhA~ti 'utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya' isa sAmAnya dravyalakSaNase yukta hai, aura isameM pratikSaNa apane aguru-laghu guNake kAraNa pUrva paryAyakA vinAza aura uttara paryAyakA utpAda hote hue bhI satata avicchinnatA banI rahatI hai / ataH yaha bhI pariNAmonitya hai / __AjakA vijJAna prakAza aura zabdakI gatike lie jisa IthararUpa mAdhyamakI kalpanA karatA hai, vaha AkAza nahIM hai| vaha to eka sUkSma pariNamana karanevAlA lokavyApI pudgala-skandha hI hai; kyoMki mUrta-dravyoMkI gatikA antaraMga AdhAra amUrta padArtha nahIM ho sktaa| AkAzake ananta pradeza isalie mAne jAte haiM ki jo AkAzakA bhAga kAzImeM hai, vahI taa|
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________________ 177 jIvadravya vivecana paTanA AdimeM nahIM hai, anyathA kAzI aura paTanA eka hI kSetrameM A jaayeNge| boddha-paramparAmeM AkAzakA svarUpa : ___ bauddha paramparAmeM AkAzako amaMskRta dharmome ginAgA hai aura usakA varNana'' 'anAvRti' ( AvaraNAbhAva ) rUpase kiyA hai| yaha kigIko AvaraNa nahIM karatA aura na kisIse AvRta honA hai| saMskRtakA artha hai, jisameM utpAdAdi dharma pAye jaayeN| kintu sarvaNikavAdI bauddhakA, AkAzako asaMskRta arthAt utpAdAdi dharmase rahita mAnanA kucha samajhameM nahIM aataa| isakA varNana bhale hI anAvRti rUpase kiyA jAya, para vaha bhAvAtmaka padArtha hai, yaha vaibhASikoke vivecanase siddha hotA hai| koI bhI bhAvAtmaka padArtha boddha ke matame utpAdAdizanya kama ho sakatA hai ? yaha to ho sakatA hai ki umame honevAle utpAdAdikA hama varNana na kara sakeM, para svarUpabhUta utpAdAdise inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na kevala vaha AvaraNAbhAvarUpa hI mAnA jA makatA hai / 'abhidhammatyamaMgaha'meM AkAzadhAtuko paricchedarUpa mAnA hai| vaha cAra mahAbhUtoMkI taraha niSpanna nahIM hotA; kintu anya pRthvo Adi dhAtuoMke pariccheda-darzana mAtrase isakA jJAna hotA hai, isalie ise paricchedarUpa kahate hai; para AkAza kevala paricchedarUpa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoki vaha arthakriyAkArI hai / ataH vaha utpAdAdi lakSaNoMse yukta eka maMskRta padArtha hai| kAladravya samasta dravyoMke utpAdAdirUpa pariNamanameM sahakArI 'kAladravya' hotA hai / isakA lakSaNa hai vrtnaa| yaha svayaM parivartana karate hue anya dravyoMke 1. "tatrAkAzamanAvRtiH"-abhidharmakoza 1 / 5 / 2. "chi: zadhAtvAkhyam Ale katamasI kil|" -abhidharmakoza 1128 / 12
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________________ 178 jainadarzana " parivartana meM sahakArI hotA hai aura samasta lokAkAzameM ghar3I, ghaMTA, pala, dina rAta Adi vyavahAroMmeM nimitta hotA hai / yaha bhI anya dravyoMkI taraha utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya lakSaNavAlA hai / rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adise rahita honeke kAraNa amUrtika hai / pratyeka lokAkAzake pradezapara ekaeka kAla- dravya apanI svatantra sattA rakhatA hai / dharma aura adharma dravyakI taraha vaha lokAkAzavyApI ekadravya nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyeka AkAzapradezapara samayabheda ise anekadravya mAne binA nahIM bana sakatA / laMkA aura kurukSetra meM dina rAta AdikA pRthak-pRthak vyavahAra tattatsthAnoMke kAlabhedake kAraNa hI hotA hai / eka akhaNDa dravya mAnane para kAlabheda nahIM ho sakatA / dravyoMmeM paratva - aparatva ( luharA-jeThA ) Adi vyavahAra kAlase hI hote hai / purAnApana - nayApana bhI kAlakRta hI hai / atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ye vyavahAra bhI kAlakI kramika paryAyoMse hote hai / kisI bhI padArthake pariNamanako atIta, vartamAna yA bhaviSya kahanA kAlakI apekSAse hI ho sakatA hai / * vaMzeSikakI mAnyatA : vaizeSika kAlako eka aura vyApaka dravya mAnate haiM, parantu nitya aura eka dravyame jaba svayaM atItAdi bheda nahIM hai, taba usake nimittase anya padArthoM meM atItAdi bheda kaise nApe jA sakate hai ? kisI bhI dravyakA pariNamana kisI samayame hI to hotA hai| binA samayake usa pariNamanako atIta, anAgata yA vartamAna kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka AkAza-pradezapara vibhinna dravyoMke jo vilakSaNa pariNamana ho rahe hai, unameM eka sAdhAraNa nimitta kAla hai, jo aNurUpa hai aura jisakI samayaparyAyoMke samudAyameM hama ghar3I ghaMTA Adi sthUla kAlakA nApa banAte haiM / alokAkAzameM jo atItAdi vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha lokAkAzavartI kAlake kAraNa hI / cU~ki loka aura alokavartI AkAza, eka akhaNDa
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________________ 179 jIvadravya vivecana dravya hai, ataH lokAkAzameM honevAlA koI bhI pariNamana samUce AkAzameM ho hotA hai / kAla ekapradezI honeke kAraNa dravya hokara bhI 'astikAya' nahIM kahA jAtA; kyoMki bahupradezI dravyoMkI hI 'astikAya' saMjJA hai| ____zvetAmbara jaina paramparAmeM kucha AcArya kAlako svatantra dravya nahIM maante| bauddha paramparAmeM kAla: bauddha paramparAmeM kAla kevala vyavahArake lie kalpita hotA hai| yaha koI svabhAvasiddha padArtha nahIM hai, prajJaptimAtra hai| ( aTThazAlinI 1 / 3 / 26) 16) / kintu atIta anAgata aura vartamAna Adi vyavahAra mukhya kAlake sAdA nahIM hai| prajJa binA nahIM ho sakate / jaise ki bAlakameM zerakA upacAra mukhya zerake sadbhAvameM hI hotA hai, usI taraha samasta kAlika vyavahAra mukhya kAla dravyake binA nahIM bana skte| isa taraha jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye cha dravya anAdisiddha maulika haiM / sabakA eka hI sAmAnya lakSaNa hai-utpaad-vyydhrauvyyukttaa| isa lakSaNakA apavAda koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatA / dravya cAhe zuddha hoM yA azuddha, ve isa sAmAnya lakSaNase hara samaya saMyukta rahate haiN| vaizeSikakI dravya mAnyatAkA vicAra : vaizeSika pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana ye nava dravya mAnate haiN| inameM pRthvI Adika cAra dravya to 'rUpa rasa gandha sparzavattva' isa sAmAnya lakSaNase yukta honeke kAraNa pudgala dravya meM antarbhUta haiM / dizAkA AkAzameM antarbhAva hotA hai| mana svatantra dravya nahIM haiM, vaha yathAsambhava jIva aura pudgalakI hI paryAya hai| mana do prakArakA hotA hai-eka dravyamana aura dUsarA bhAvamana / dravyamana AtmAko vicAra karanemeM sahAyatA denevAle pudgala-paramANuoMkA skandha hai|
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________________ 180 jainadarzana zarIrake jisa jisa bhAgameM AtmAkA upayoga jAtA hai; vahA~-vahA~ ke zarIrake paramANu bhI tatkAla manarUpase pariNata ho jAte hai| athavA, hRdaya-pradezame aSTadala kamalake AkArakA dravyamana hotA hai, jo hitAhitake vicArame AtmAkA upakaraNa banatA hai| vicAra-zakti AtmAkI hai / ataH bhAvamana AtmarUpa hI hotA hai| jisa prakAra bhAvendriyA~ AtmAkI hI vizeSa zaktiyA~ hai, usI taraha bhAvamana bhI noindriyAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamase prakaTa honevAlI AtmAkI eka vizeSa zakti hai; atirikta dravya nahIM / bauddha paraMparAme hRdaya-vastuko eka pRthak dhAtu mAnA hai, jo ki dravyamanakA sthAnIya ho sakatA hai / 'abhidharmakoza' meM chaha jJAnoMke samanantara kAraNabhUta pUrvajJAnako mana kahA hai| yaha bhAvamanakA sthAna grahaNa kara sakatA hai, kyoMki cetanAtmaka hai| indriyA~ manako sahAyatAke binA apane vipayoMkA jJAna nahIM kara sakatIM, parantu mana akelA hI guNadoSavicAra Adi vyApAra kara sakatA hai| manakA koI nizcita viSaya nahIM hai, ataH vaha sarvaviSayaka hotA hai| guNa Adi svatantra padArtha nahIM : vaizeSikane dravyake sivAya guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva ye chaha padArtha aura mAne hai / vaizepikakI mAnyatA pratyayake AdhArase calatI hai / cU~ki 'guNaH guNaH' isa prakArakA pratyaya hotA hai, ata: guNa eka padArtha honA cAhie / 'karma karma' isa pratyayake kAraNa karma eka 1. "dravyamanazca zAnAvaraNavIryAntarAyakSayopazamalAbhapratyayAH guNadoSa vicArasmaraNAdipraNidhAnAbhimukhasyAtmano'nugrAhakAH pudgalAH vIryavizeSAvajenasamarthAH manastvena pariNatA iti kRtvA podgalikam manastvena hi pariNatAH pudgalAH guNadoSavicArasmaraNAdikArya kRtvA tadanantarasamaya eva manastvAt pracyavante |"-ttvaarthvaa0 5 / 19 / 2. "tAmrapaNIyA api hRdayavastu manovijJAnadhAtorAzrayaM klpynti|" -sphuTArtha abhi0 pR0 49 / 3. "SaNNAmanantarAtItaM vijJAnaM yaddhi tanmanaH |"-abhidhrmkosh 1 / 17 /
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 181 svatantra padArtha mAnA gayA hai| 'anugatAkAra' pratyayase para aura apara rUpase aneka prakArake sAmAnya mAne gaye haiM / 'apRthaksiddha' padArthoke sambandha sthApanake lie 'samavAya' kI AvazyakatA huI / nitya paramANuSoMmeM zuddha AtmAoMmeM, tathA mukta AtmAoMke manoMmeM paraspara vilakSaNatAkA bodha karAne ke lie pratyeka nitya dravya para eka eka vizeSa padArtha mAnA gayA hai / kAryotpattike pahale vastuke abhAvakA nAma prAgabhAva hai / utpattike bAda honevAlA vinAza pradhvaMsAbhAva hai| paraspara padArthoke svarUpakA abhAva anyonyAbhAva aura traikAlika saMsargakA nipedha karanevAlA atyantAbhAva hotA hai / isa taraha jitane prakArake pratyaya padArthoM meM hote hai, utane prakArake padArtha vaizepikane mAne hai / vaizepikako 'sampratyayopAdhyAya' kahA gayA hai / usakA yahI artha hai ki vaizepika pratyayake AdhArase padArthako kalpanA karanevAlA upAdhyAya hai / parantu vicAra kara dekhA jAya to guNa, kriyA, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva ye saba dravyako paryAyeM hI hai| dravyake svarUpase bAhara guNAdiko koI sattA nahIM hai / dravyakA lakSaNa hai guNaparyAyavAlA honaa| jJAnAdiguNoMkA AtmAse tathA rUpAdi guNoMkA pudgalase pRthak astitva na to dekhA hI jAtA hai, aura na yuktisiddha ho hai / guNa aura guNIko, kriyA aura kriyAvAnko, sAmAnya aura sAmAnyavAnko, vizeSa aura nitya dravyoMko svayaM vaizepika ayutasiddha mAnate hai, arthAt ukta padArtha paraspara pRthak nahIM kiye jA sakate / guNa Adiko chor3akara dravyako apanI pRthak sattA kyA hai ? isI taraha dravyake binA guNAdi nirAdhAra kahA~ raheMge? inakA dravyake sAtha kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha hai| isIlie kahIM "guNasandrAvo dravyam" yaha bhI dravyakA lakSaNa milatA hai| 1. "guNaparyayavadrvya m |"-tttvaarthmRtr 5 / 38 / 2. "anvartha khalvapi nirvacanaM guNasandrAvo dravyamiti / " -pAta0 mahAbhAya 5.11119 /
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________________ 182 jainadarzana eka hI dravya jisa prakAra aneka guNoMkA akhaNDa piNDa hai, usI taraha jo dravya sakriya haiM unameM honevAlI kriyA bhI usI dravyako paryAya hai, svataMtra nahIM hai / kriyA yA karma kriyAvAnse bhinna apanA astitva nahIM rakhate / 1 isI taraha pRthvItvAdi bhinna dravyavartI sAmAnya sadRzapariNAmarUpa hI haiM / koI eka, nitya aura vyApaka sAmAnya aneka dravyoMmeM motiyoMmeM sUtakI taraha piroyA huA nahIM hai / jina dravyoMmeM jisa rUpase sAdRzya pratIta hotA hai, una dravyoMkA vaha sAmAnya mAna liyA jAtA hai / vaha kevala buddhikalpita bhI nahIM hai, kintu sAdRzya rUpase vastuniSTha hai; aura vastukI taraha hI utpAdavinAzadhrauvyazAlI hai / samavAya sambandha hai / yaha jinameM hotA hai una donoM padArthokI ho paryAya hai| jJAnakA sambandhakA AtmAmeM mAnanekA yahI artha hai ki jJAna aura usakA sambandha AtmAkI hI sampatti hai, AtmAse bhinna usakI svatantra sattA nahIM hai / koI bhI sambandha apane sambandhiyoMkI avasthArUpa hI ho sakatA hai / do svatantra padArthoMmeM honevAlA saMyoga bhI domeM na rahakara pratyeka meM rahatA hai, isakA saMyoga usameM aura usakA saMyoga isameM / yAne saMyoga pratyekaniSTha hokara bhI doke dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai / vizeSa padArthako svatantra mAnanekI AvazyakatA isalie nahIM hai ki jaba sabhI dravyoMkA apanA-apanA svatantra astitva hai, taba unameM vilakSaNapratyaya bhI apane nijI vyaktitvake kAraNa hI ho sakatA hai / jisa prakAra vizeSa padArthoMmeM vilakSaNa pratyaya utpanna karaneke lie anya vizeSa padArthoMkI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, vaha svayaM unake svarUpase hI ho jAtA hai, usI taraha dravyoM ke nijarUpase hI vilakSaNapratyaya mAnanemeM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / isI taraha pratyeka dravyakI pUrvaparyAya usakA prAgabhAva hai, uttaraparyAya pradhvaMsAbhAva hai, pratiniyata nijasvarUpa anyonyAbhAva hai aura asaMsargIyarUpa atyantAbhAva hai / abhAva bhAvAntararUpa hotA hai, vaha apane meM koI svatantra
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 183 padArtha nahIM hai| eka dravyakA apane svarUpameM sthira honA hI usameM pararUpakA abhAva hai / eka hI dravyako do bhinna paryAyoMmeM paraspara abhAva-vyavahAra karAnA itaretarAbhAvakA kArya hai aura do dravyoMmeM paraspara abhAva atyantAbhAvase hotA hai| ataH guNAdi pRthak sattA rakhanevAle svatantra padArtha nahIM hai, kintu dravyakI hI paryAyeM haiM / bhinnapratyayake AdhArase hI yadi padArthoMkI vyavasthA kI jAya; to padArthoM kI ginatI karanA hI kaThina hai| isI taraha avayavo dravyako avayavoMse judA mAnanA bhI pratItiviruddha hai / tantu Adi avayava hI amuka AkArameM pariNata hokara paTasaMjJA pA lete haiN| koI alaga paTa nAmakA avayavI tantu nAmaka avayavoMmeM samavAyasambandhase rahatA ho, yaha anubhavagamya nahIM haiM; kyoMki paTa nAmake avayavIkI sattA tanturUpa avayavoMse bhinna kahIM bhI aura kabhI bhI nahIM mAlUma hotii| skandha avasthA paryAya hai, dravya nahIM / jina miTTIke paramANuoMse ghar3A banatA hai, ve paramANu svayaM ghar3eke AkArako grahaNa kara lete haiN| ghar3A una paramANuoMkI sAmudAyika abhivyakti hai| aisA nahI hai ki ghar3A pRthak avayavI banakara kahIMse A jAtA ho, kintu miTTIke paramANuoMkA amuka AkAra, amuka paryAya aura amuka prakArameM kramabaddha pariNamanoMkI ausatase hI ghaTake kArya ho jAte haiM aura ghaTavyavahArakI saMgati baiTha jAtI hai / ghaTa-avasthAko prApta paramANudravyoMkA apanA nijI svatantra pariNamana bhI usa avasthAmeM barAbara cAlU rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ghaTake amuka-amuka hissoMmeM rUpa, sparza aura TikAUpana AdikA antara dekhA jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha ki pratyeka paramANu apanA svatantra astitva aura svatantra pariNamana rakhanepara bhI sAmudAyika samAna pariNamanakI dhArAmeM apane vyaktigata pariNamanako vilIna-sA kara detA hai aura jaba taka yaha samAna pariNamanako dhArA avayavabhUta paramANuoMmeM cAlU rahatI hai, taba taka usa padArthakI eka-jaisI sthiti banI rahatI hai| jaise-jaise una paramANuoMmeM sAmudAyika dhArAse asahayoga prArambha hotA hai, vaise-vaise usa
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________________ 184 jainadarzana sAmudAyika abhivyakti meM nyUnatA, zithilatA aura jIrNatA Adi rUpase vividhatA A calatI hai / tAtparya yaha ki mUlataH guNa aura paryAyoMkA AdhAra jo hotA hai vahI dravya kahalAtA aura usIkI sattA dravyarUpame ginI jAtI hai| aneka dravyoMke samAna yA asamAna pariNamanoMkI ausatame jo vibhinna vyavahAra hote hai, ve svatantra dravyako saMjJA nahIM pA skte| jina paramANuoMse ghaTa banatA hai una paramANuoMme ghaTa nAmake niraMza avayavIko svIkAra karaneme anekoM dUpaNa Ate hai / yathA-niraMza avayavI apane avayavome ekadezase rahatA hai, yA sarvAtmanA ? yadi ekadezase rahatA hai; to jitane avayava hai, utane hI deza avayavIke mAnanA hoNge| yadi sarvAtmanA pratyeka avayavame rahatA hai; to jitane avayava hai utane hI avayavI ho jAyeMge / yadi avayavI niraMza hai; to vastrAdike eka hisseko DhaMkanepara sampUrNa vastra DhaMkA jAnA cAhiye aura eka avayavameM kriyA honepara pUre avayavIme kriyA honI cAhie, kyoMki avayavI niraMza hai / yadi avayavI atirikta hai; to cAra chaTA~ka sUtase taiyAra hue vastrakA vajana bar3ha jAnA cAhiye, para aimA dekhA nahIM jaataa| vastrake eka aMzake phaTa jAne para phira utane paramANuoMse naye avayavIko utpatti mAnanemeM kalpanAgaurava aura pratItibAdhA hai; kyoMki jaba pratisamaya kapar3ekA upacaya aura apacaya hotA hai taba pratikSaNa naye avayavIkI utpatti mAnanA pdd'egii| vaizepikakA ATha, nava, darA Adi kSaNoMmeM paramANukI kriyA, saMyoga Adi kramase avayavIkI utpatti aura vinAzakA varNana eka prakriyAmAtra hai / vastutaH jaise-jaise kAraNakalApa milate jAte hai, vaise-vaise una paramANuoMke saMyoga aura viyogase usa-usa prakArake AkAra aura prakAra banate aura bigar3ate rahate hai| paramANuoMse lekara ghaTa taka aneka svataMtra avayaviyoMkI utpatti aura vinAzakI prakriyAse to yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 185 ki jo dravya pahale nahIM haiM, ve utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM, jabaki kisI naye dravyakA utpAda aura usakA sadAke lie vinAza vastusiddhAntake pratikUla hai / yaha to saMbhava hai aura pratItimiddha hai ki una-una paramANuoMko vibhinna avasthAome piNDa, sthAsa, koga, kugala Adi vyavahAra hote hue pUrNa kalaza-avasthAmeM ghaTavyavahAra ho| imame kigI naye dravyake utpAdakI bAta nahIM hai, aura na vajana baDhanekI bAta hai| yaha ThIka hai ki pratyeka paramANa jaladhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA aura ghaTame jala bharA jA sakatA hai, para itane mAtrAme use pRthak dravya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ye to paramANuoMke viziSTa saMgaThanake kArya hai; jo usa prakArake saMgaThana honepara svataH hote hai| eka paramANu A~khase nahIM dikhAI detA, para amuka paramANuoMkA samudAya jaba viziSTa avasthAko prApta ho jAtA hai, to vaha dikhAI dene lagatA hai| snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa paramANuoMke aneka prakArake sambandha hote rahate haiM, jo apanI dRr3hatA aura zithilatAke anusAra adhika TikAU yA kama TikAU hote hai / skandha-avasthAmeM cUMki paramANuoMkA svataMtra dravyatva naSTa nahIM hotA, ataH una-una hismoMke paramANuoMme pRthak rUpa aura rasAdikA pariNamana bhI hotA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka kapar3A kisI hisseme adhika mailA, kisImeM kama mailA aura kisI meM ujalA banA rahatA hai| yaha avazya svIkAra karanA hogA ki jo paramANu kisI sthUla ghaTa Adi kA rUpase pariNata hue hai, ve apanI paramANu-avasthAko chor3akara skandha-avasthAko prApta hue hai| yaha skandha-avasthA kisI naye dravyako nahIM hai, kintu una sabhI paramANuoMko avasthAoMkA yoga hai / yadi paramANuoMko sarvathA pRthak aura sadA paramANurUpa hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to jisa prakAra eka paramANu A~khoMse nahIM dikhAI detA usI taraha saikar3oM paramANuoMke ati-samIpa rakhe rahane para bhI, ve indriyoMke gocara
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________________ 186 jainadarzana nahIM ho skeNge| amuka skandha-avasthAmeM Ane para unheM apanI adRzyatAko tyAgakara dRzyatA svIkAra karanI hI caahie| kisI bhI vastuko majabUtI yA kamajorI usake ghaTaka avayavoMke dRr3ha aura zithila baMdhake Upara nirbhara karatI hai| ve hI paramANu loheke skandhakI avasthAko prApta kara kaThora aura cirasthAyI banate haiM, jaba ki rUI avasthAmeM mRdu aura acirasthAyI rahate haiN| yaha saba to unake bandhake prakAroMse hotA rahatA hai / yaha to samajhameM AtA hai ki pratyeka pudgala paramANudravyameM pudgalakI sabhI zaktiyAM hoM, aura vibhinna skandhoMmeM unakA nyUnAdhikarUpameM aneka tarahakA vikAsa ho| ghaTameM hI jala bharA jAtA hai kapar3emeM nahIM, yadyapi 'paramANu donoMmeM hI hai aura paramANuoMse donoM hI bane hai| vahI paramANu candana-avasthAmeM zItala hote hai aura ve hI jaba agnikA nimitta pAkara Aga bana jAte haiM, taba anya lakar3iyoMkI AgakI taraha dAhaka hote haiN| pudgaladravyoMke paraspara nyUnAdhika sambandhase honevAle pariNamanoMkI na koI ginatI nirdhArita hai aura na AkAra aura prakAra hii| kisI bhI paryAyakI ekarUpatA aura cirasthAyitA usake pratisamayabhAvI samAnapariNamanoM para nirbhara karatI hai| jaba taka usake ghaTaka paramANuoMmeM samAnaparyAya hotI rahegI, taba taka vaha vastu eka-sI rahegI aura jyoMhI kucha paramANuoMmeM paristhitike anusAra asamAna pariNamana zurU hogA; taise hI vastuke AkAra-prakArameM vilakSaNatA AtI jaaygii| Ajake vijJAnane jaldI sar3anevAle AlUko baraphameM yA baddhavAyu ( Airtite ) meM rakhakara jaldI sar3anese bacA liyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki satata gatizIla pudgala-paramANuoMke AkAra aura prakArako sthiratA yA asthiratAko koI nizcita javAbadArI nahIM lI jA sktii| yaha to paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa para nirbhara hai ki ve kaba, kahAM aura kaise rheN| kisI lambe caur3e skandhake amuka bhAgake kucha paramANu yadi vidroha karake skandhatvako kAyama rakhanevAlI pariNatiko
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 187 svIkAra nahIM karate haiM to usa bhAgameM turanta vilakSaNatA A jAtI hai| isIlie sthAyo skandha taiyAra karaneke samaya isa bAtakA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai ki una paramANuoMkA paraspara ekarasa milAva huA hai yA nhiiN| jaisA mAvA taiyAra hogA vaisA ho to kAgaja bnegaa| ata; na to paramANuoMko sarvathA nitya yAnI aparivartanazIla mAnA jA sakatA hai aura na itanA svataMtra pariNamana karanevAle ki jisase eka samAna paryAyakA vikAsa hI na ho ske| avayavIkA svarUpa yadi bauddhoMkI taraha atyanta samIpa rakhe hue kintu paraspara asambaddha paramANuoMkA puJja hI sthUla ghaTAdi rUpase pratibhAsita hotA hai, yaha mAnA jAya; to binA sambandhake tathA sthUla AkArako prAptike binA hI vaha aNapuJja skandha rUpase kaise pratibhAsita ho sakatA hai ? yaha kevala bhrama nahIM hai, kintu prakRtikI prayogazAlameM honevAlA vAstavika rAsAyanika mizraNa hai, jisameM sabhI paramANu badalakara eka naI hI avasthAko dhAraNa kara rahe hai / yadyapi 'tattva saMgraha' (pR0 165 ) meM yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki paramANuoMmeM viziSTa avasthAkI prApti ho jAnese ve sthalarUpameM indriyagrAhya hote hai, to bhI jaba sambandhakA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai, taba isa 'viziSTa avasthAprApti' kA kyA artha ho sakatA hai ? antataH usakA yahI artha sambhava hai ki 'jo paramANa paraspara vilaga aura atIndriya the ve hI parasparabaddha aura indriyagrAhya bana jAte hai| isa prakArakI pariNatike mAne binA vAlUke puJjase ghaTake paramANuoMke sambandhameM koI vizeSatA nahIM batAI jA sktii| paramANuome jaba snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa amuka prakArake rAmAyanika bandhake rUpame sambandha hotA hai, tabhI ve paramANu skandha-avasthAko dhAraNa kara sakate haiM; kevala paraspara nirantara avasthita honeke kAraNa hI nahIM / yaha ThIka hai ki usa prakArakA
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________________ 188 jainadarzana bandha hone para bhI koI nayA dravya utpanna nahIM hotA, para naI avasthA to utpanna hotI hI hai, aura vaha aisI avasthA hai, jo kevala sAdhAraNa saMyogajanya nahIM hai, kintu vizeSa prakArake ubhayapAriNAmika rAsAyanika bandhase utpanna hotI hai | paramANuoMke saMyoga samvandha aneka prakAra ke hote haiM -kahIM mAtra pradezasaMyoga hotA hai, kahIM niviDa, kahI zithila aura kahIM rAsAyanika bandharUpa | bandha-avasthAmeM ho skandhakI utpatti hotI hai aura acAkSupa skandhako cAkSuSa banane ke lie dUsare skandhake viziSTa saMyogakI uma rUpameM AvazyakatA hai, jisa rUpase vaha usakI sUkSmatAkA vinAza kara sthUlatA lA sake; yAnI jo skandha yA paramANu apanI sUkSma avasthAkA tyAga kara sthUla avasthAko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha indriyagamya ho sakatA hai / pratyeka paramANumeM akhaNDatA aura avibhAgitA honepara bhI yaha khUbI to avazya hai ki apanI svAbhAvika lacakake kAraNa ve eka dUsareko sthAna de dete haiM, ora asaMkhya paramANu milakara apane sUkSma pariNamanarUpa svabhAva ke kAraNa thor3IsI jagahameM samA jAte hai / paramANuoMko saMkhyAkA adhika honA hI sthUlatAkA kAraNa nahIM hai / bahutase kamasaMkhyAvAle paramANu bhI apane sthUla pariNamanake dvArA sthUla skandha bana jAte haiM, java ki unase kaI gune paramANu kArmaNa zarIra AdimeM sUkSma pariNamanake dvArA indriya-agrAhya skandhake rUpa meM hI raha jAte hai / tAtparya yaha ki indriyagrAhyatA ke lie paramANuoMkI saMkhyA apekSita nahIM hai, kintu unakA amuka rUpameM sthUla pariNamana hI vizeSarUpase apekSaNIya hotA hai / ye aneka prakArake bandha paramANuoMke apane snigdha aura rUkSa svabhAvake kAraNa pratikSaNa hote rahate haiM, aura paramANuoMke apane nijI pariNamanoMke yogame usa skandha meM rUpAdikA tAratamya ghaTita ho jAtA hai / eka sthUla skandhameM saikar3oM prakArake bandhavAle choTe-choTe avayava-skandha zAmila rahate hai; aura unameM pratisamaya kisI avayavakA TUTanA nayekA
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 189 jur3anA tathA anekaprakArake upacaya-apacayarUpa parivartana hote hai| yaha nizcita hai ki skandha-avasthA binA rAsAyanika bandhake nahIM hotii| yoM sAdhAraNa saMyogoMke AdhArase bhI eka sthUla pratIti hotI hai aura usameM vyavahArake lie naI saMjJA bhI kara lI jAtI hai, para itane mAtrase skandha avasthA nahIM bntii| isa rAsAyanika bandhake lie purupakA prayatna bhI kvacit kAma karatA hai aura vinA prayatnake bhI anekoM bandha prApta sAmagrIke anusAra hote hai / puruSakA prayatna unameM sthAyitA aura sundaratA tathA vizeSa AkAra utpanna karatA hai| saikar3oM prakArake bhauti AviSkAra isI prakArakI prakriyAke phala hai| asaMkhyAta pradezI lokameM ananta pudgala paramANuoMkA samA jAnA AkAzako avagAhazakti aura pudgalANuoMke mUkSmapariNamanake kAraNa sambhava ho jAtA hai / kitanI bhI susambaddha lakar3ImeM kIla ThokI jA sakatI hai / pAnImeM hAthokA DUba jAnA hamArI pratItikA viSaya hotA ho hai / paramANuoMkI ananta zaktiyA~ acintya hai| Ajaka eTama bamane usakI bhISaNa maMhAraka zaktikA kucha anubhava to hamalogoMko karA hI diyA hai| guNa Adi dravyarUpa hI haiM / pratyeka dravya sAmAnyatayA yadyapi akhaNDa hai, parantu vaha aneka sahabhAvI guNoMkA abhinna AdhAra hotA hai| ataH usame guNakRta vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai / eka pudgalaparamANu yugapat rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi aneka guNoMkA AdhAra hotA hai / pratyeka guNakA bhI pratisamaya pariNamana hotA hai / guNa aura dravyakA kathaJcit tAdatmya sambandha hai / dravyase guNa pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie vaha abhinna hai; aura saMjJA, saMkhyA, prayojana Adike bhedase usakA vibhinnarUpase nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai; ataH vaha bhinna hai / isa dRSTise dravyameM jitane guNa haiM, utane utpAda aura vyaya
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________________ 190 jainadarzana pratisamaya hote haiM / hara guNa apanI pUrva paryAyako chor3akara uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karatA hai, para ve saba haiM apRthaksattAka hI, unakI dravyasattA eka hai| bArIkose dekhA jAya to paryAya aura guNako chor3akara dravyakA koI pRthak astitva nahIM hai, yAnI guNa aura paryAya hI dravya hai aura paryAyoMmeM parivartana honepara bhI jo eka avicchinnatAkA niyAmaka aMza hai, vahI to guNa hai / hA~, guNa apanI paryAyoMmeM sAmAnya ekarUpatAke prayojaka hote haiM / jisa samaya pudgalANumeM rUpa apanI kisI naI paryAyako letA hai, usI samaya rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi bhI badalate haiN| isa taraha pratyeka dravyameM pratisamaya guNakRta aneka utpAda aura vyaya hote haiN| ye saba usa guNakI sampatti ( Property ) yA svarUpa haiM / rUpAdi guNa prAtibhAsika nahIM hai : eka pakSa yaha bhI hai ki paramANu meM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi guNoMkI sattA nahIM hai / vaha to eka aisA avibhAgI padArtha hai, jo A~khoMse rUpa, jIbhase rasa, nAkase gandha aura hAtha Adise sparzake rUpameM jAnA jAtA hai, yAnI vibhinna idriyoMke dvArA usameM rUpAdi guNoMko pratIti hotI hai, vastutaH usameM ina guNoMkI sattA nahIM hai| kintu yaha eka moTA siddhAnta hai ki indriyAM jAnanevAlI haiM, guNoMkI utpAdaka nhiiN| jisa samaya hama kisI Amako dekha rahe haiM, usa samaya usameM rasa, gandha yA sparza hai hI nahIM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hamAre na sUMghanepara bhI usameM gandha hai aura na cakhane aura na chUnepara bhI usameM rasa aura sparza hai, yaha bAta pratidinake anubhavakI hai, ise samajhAneko 'AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isI taraha cetana AtmAmeM ekasAtha jJAna, sukha, zakti, vizvAsa, dhairya aura sAhasa Adi anekoM guNoMkA yugapat sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, aura inakA pratikSaNa parivartana hote hue bhI usameM eka avicchinnatA banI rahatI hai| caitanya inhIM aneka rUpoMmeM vikasita hotA hai / isIliye guNoMko sahabhAvI
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 191 aura anvayI batAyA hai, paryAyeM vyatirekI aura kramabhAvI hotI hai| ve inhIM guNoMke vikAra yA pariNAma hotI hai / eka cetana dravyameM jisa kSaNa jJAnakI amuka paryAya ho rahI hai, usI kSaNa darzana, sukha aura zakti Adi aneka guNa apanI-apanI paryAyoMke rUpase barAbara pariNata ho rahe hai / yadyapi ina samasta guNoMmeM eka caitanya anusyUta hai, phira bhI yaha nahIM hai ki eka hI caitanya svayaM nirguNa hokara vividha guNoMke rUpameM kevala pratibhAsita ho jAtA ho / guNoMko apanI sthiti svayaM hai aura yahI ekasattAka guNa aura paryAya dravya kahalAte hai| dravya inase judA koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai, kintu inhIM sabakA tAdAtmya hai / guNa kevala dRSTisRSTi nahIM hai ki apanI-apanI bhAvanAke anusAra usa dravyame jaba kabhI pratibhAsita ho jAte hoM aura pratibhAsake bAda yA pahale astitva-vihIna hoN| isa taraha pratyeka cetana-acetana dravyameM apane sahabhAvI guNoMke pariNamanake rUpame anekoM utpAda aura vyaya svabhAvase hote hai aura dravya unhoMne apanI akhaNDa anusyUta sattA rakhatA hai, yAnI akhaNDasattAvAle guNa-paryAya hI dravya hai / guNa pratisamaya kisI-na-kisI paryAya rUpase pariNata hogA hI aura aise aneka guNa anantakAla taka jisa eka akhaNDa sattAse anusyUta rahate hai, vaha dravya hai / dravyakA artha hai, una-una kramabhAvI paryAyoMko prApta honaa| aura isa taraha pratyeka guNa bhI dravya kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha apanI kramabhAvI paryAyoMmeM anusyUta rahatA ho hai, kintu isa prakAra guName aupacArika dravyatA hI banatI hai, mukhya nhiiN| eka dravyase tAdAtmya rakhaneke kAraNa sabhI guNa eka tarahase dravya hI haiM, para isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki pratyeka guNa utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya svarUpa sat honeke kAraNa svayaM eka paripUrNa dravya hotA hai| arthAt guNa vastutaH dravyAMza kahe jA sakate haiM, dravya nahIM / yaha aMzakalpanA bhI vastusthitipara pratiSThita hai, kevala samajhAneke lie hI nahIM hai| isa taraha dravya guNa-paryAyoMkA eka akhaNDa, tAdAtmya rakhanevAlA aura apane haraeka
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________________ 192 jainadarzana pradezameM sampUrNa guNoMkI sattAkA AdhAra hotA hai / ____isa vivecanakA yaha phalitArtha hai ki eka dravya aneka utpAda aura vyayoMkA aura guNa rUpame dhrauvyakA yugapat AdhAra hotA hai| yaha apane vibhinna guNa aura paryAyoMmeM jisa prakArakA vAstavika tAdAtmya rakhatA hai, usa prakArakA tAdAtmya do dravyoMmeM nahIM ho sktaa| ataH aneka vibhinnasattAka paramANuoMke bandha-kAlameM jo skandha-avasthA hotI hai, vaha unhIM paramANuoMke sadRza pariNamanakA yoga hai, unameM koI eka nayA dravya nahIM AtA, apitu viziSTa avasthAko prApta ve paramANu hI vibhinna skandhoMke rUpameM vyavahRta hote haiN| yaha viziSTa avasthA unakI kathaJcit ekatvapariNati rUpa hai| kAryotpatti vicAra sAMkhyakA satkAryavAdaH kAryotpattike sambandhameM mukhyatayA tIna vAda haiM / pahalA satkAryavAda, dUsarA asatkAryavAda aura tIsarA sat-asatkAryavAda / sAMkhya satkAryavAdI haiM / unakA yaha Azaya haiM ki pratyeka kAraNameM usase utpanna honevAle kAryokI sattA hai, kyoMki sarvathA asat kAryakI kharavipANakI taraha utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / gehU~ke aMkurake lie gehU~ke vIjako hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, yavAdike bIjako nhiiN| ataH jJAta hotA hai ki upAdAnameM kAryakA sadbhAva hai| jagatmeM saba kAraNoMse saba kArya paidA nahIM hote, kintu pratiniyata kAraNoMse pratiniyata kArya hote hai| isakA sIdhA artha hai ki jina kAraNoMmeM jina kAryoMkA sadbhAva hai, ve hI unase paidA hote haiM, anya nahIM / isI taraha samartha bhI kAraNa zakya hI kAryako paidA karatA hai, azakyako nhiiN| 1 "asadakaraNAdupAdAna grahaNAt sarvasambhavAbhAvAt / kAraNakAryavibhAgAdavibhAgAt vaizvarUpyasya // " -saaNkhykaa09|
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 193 yaha zakyatA kAraNameM kAryake madbhAvake mivAya aura kyA ho sakatI hai ? aura yadi kAraNameM kAryakA tAdAtmya svIkAra na kiyA jAya to saMmArame koI kimIkA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| kAryakAraNabhAva svayaM hI kAraNameM kisI rUpase kAryakA mabhAva middha kara detA hai| gabhI kArya pralayakAlameM kisI eka kAraName lIna ho jAte hai| ve jisame lIna hote hai, uname unakA sadbhAva kisI rUpase rahA AtA hai / ye kAraNome kAryako sattA zaktirUpase mAnate hai, abhivyakti rUpame nhiiN| inakA kAraNatattva eka pradhAna-prakRti hai, usIse saMsArake mamasta kAryabheda utpanna ho jAte hai| naiyAyikakA asatkAyavAda : naiyAyikAdi amatkAryavAdI hai / inakA yaha matalaba hai ki jo skandha paramANuoke saMyogame utpanna hotA hai vaha eka nayA hI avayavI dravya / una paramANaoke saMgogake vigvara jAne para vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai| utpatti ke pahale usa avayavI dravyakI koI mattA nahI thii| yadi kAryakI sattA kAraName svIkRta ho to kAryako apane AkAra-prakArameM usI samaya milanA cAhie thA, para aimA devA nahI jAtA / avayava dravya aura avayavI dravya yadyapi bhinna dravya hai, kintu unakA kSetra pRthak nahIM hai, ve ayutamiddha hai| kahIM bhI avayavIkI upalabdhi yadi hotI hai, to vaha kevala avayavoMmeM ho / avayavome bhinna arthAt avayavome pRthak avayavIko judA nikAlakara nahIM dikhAyA jA makatA / bauddhoMkA asatkAryavAdaH bauddha pratikSaNa nayA utpAda mAnate hai / unakI dRSTime pUrva aura uttara ke sAtha vartamAna kA koI sambandha nahIM hai / jima kAlame jahA~ jo hai, vaha vahIM aura umI kAlame naSTa ho jAtA hai / nadRzatA ho kArya-kAraNabhAva Adi vyavahArokI niyAmikA hai| vastutaH do kSaNoMkA parampara koI vAstavika sambandha nahIM hai|
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________________ jainadarzana 194 jainadarzanakA sadasatkAryavAda : jainadarzana 'sadasatkAryavAdI' hai / usakA siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka padArthame mUlabhUta dravyayogyatAe~ honepara bhI kucha tatparyAyayogyatAe~ bhI hotI hai / ye paryAyayogyatAe~ mUla dravyayogyatAoMse bAhara kI nahIM hai, kintu unhIM meM se vizeSa avasthAoM meM sAkSAt vikAsako prApta honevAlI hai / jaise miTTIpa pudgala ke paramANuomeM pudgalakI ghaTa-paTa AdirUpase pariNamana karane kI sabhI dravyayogyatAeM hai, para miTTI kI tatparyAyayogyatA ghaTako hI sAkSAt utpanna kara sakatI hai, paTa Adiko nahIM / tAtparya yaha hai ki kArya apane kAraNadravyame dravyayogyatAke sAtha hI tatparyAyogyatA yA zakti ke rUpameM rahatA hI hai / yAnI usakA astitva yogyatA arthAt dravyarUpase hI hai, paryAyarUpase nahI hai / sAMkhyake yahA~ kAraNadravya to kevala eka 'pradhAna' hI hai, jisameM jagatake samasta kAryoMke utpAdanakI zakti hai / aisI dazA meM jabaki usameM zaktirUpase saba kArya maujUda hai, tava jamuka samayameM amuka hI kArya utpanna ho yaha vyavasthA nahIM bana sakatI / kAraNake eka honepara paraspara virodhI aneka kAryokI yugapat utpatti sambhava hI nahIM hai / ataH sAMkhya ke yaha kahane kA koI vizeSa artha nahIM rahatA ki 'kAraNameM kArya zaktirUpase hai, vyaktirUpase nahIM', kyoMki zaktirUpase to mava saba jagaha maujUda hai / 'pradhAna' cU~ki vyApaka aura niraMza hai, ataH usase ekamAtha vibhinna dezoMmeM paraspara virodhI aneka kAryokA AvirbhAva honA pratItiviruddha hai / sIdhA prazna to yaha hai ki jaba sarvazaktimAn 'pradhAna' nAmakA kAraNa sarvatra maujUda hai, to miTTI ke piNDase ghaTakI taraha kapar3A aura pustaka kyoM nahIM utpanna hote ? jaina darzanakA uttara to spaSTa hai ki miTTIke paramANuoM meM yadyapi pustaka aura paTa rUpase pariNamana karanekI mUla dravyayogyatA hai, kintu miTTI
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 195 kI piNDarUpa paryAyameM sAkSAt kapar3A aura pustaka bananekI tatparyAyogyatA nahIM hai, isalie miTTIkA piNDa pustaka yA kapar3A nahIM bana pAtA / phira kAraNa dravya bhI eka nahIM, aneka haiM; ataH sAmagrIke anusAra paraspara viruddha aneka kAryoMkA yugapat utpAda bana jAtA hai| mahattA tAtparyAyayogyatAkI hai| jisa kSaNameM kAraNadravyoMmeM jitanI tAtparyAyayogyatAeM hogI unameMse kisI ekakA vikAsa prAptakAraNasAmagrIke anumAra ho jAtA hai / puruSakA prayatna use iSTa AkAra aura prakArameM pariNata karAneke lie vizeSa sAdhaka hotA hai / upAdAnavyavasthA isI satparyAyayogyatAke AdhAra para hotI hai, mAtra dravyayogyatAke AdhArase nahIM; kyoMki dravyayogyatA to gehU~ aura kodoM donoM vIjoMke paramANuoMmeM sabhI aMkuroMko paidA karaneko samAnarUpase hai| parantu tatparyAyayogyatA kodoMke bojameM kodoMke aMkurako hI utpanna karanekI hai| tathA gehU~ke bIjameM gehU~ke aMkurako hI utpanna karane kI hai| isIlie bhinna-bhinna kAryokI utpattike lie bhinna-bhinna upAdAnoMkA grahaNa hotA hai / dharmakIrtike AkSepakA samAdhAna : ataH bauddhakA yaha dUpaNa ki "dahIko khAo, yaha kahane para vyakti U~Tako kyoM nahIM khAne dor3atA ? jaba ki dahI aura U~Take pudgaloMmeM pudgaladravyarUpase koI bheda nahIM hai|" ucita mAlUma nahIM hotA; kyoMki jagatkA vyavahAra mAtra dvavyayogyatAse hI nahIM calatA kintu tatparyAyayogyatAse calatA hai / U~Take zarIrake pudgala aura dahIke pudgala, dravyarUpase samAna honepara bhI 'eka' nahIM hai aura cU~ki ve sthUla paryAyarUpase bhI apanA paraspara bheda rakhate haiM tathA unakI tatparyAyayogyatAe~ bhI judI 1.sarvasyobhayarUpatve tadvizeSAnirAkRteH / codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTuM nAbhidhAvati / / " -pramANavA0 3 / 181 /
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________________ 196 jainadarzana judI haiM, ataH dahI hI khAyA jAtA hai, U~TakA zarIra nahIM / sAMkhyake matase yaha samAdhAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jaba eka hI pradhAna dahI aura U~Ta donoM rUpase vikasita huA hai, taba unameM bhedakA niyAmaka kyA hai ? eka tattvameM eka hI samaya vibhinna dezoM meM vibhinna prakArake pariNamana nahIM ho sakate / isI taraha yadi ghaTa avayavo aura usake utpAdaka miTTIke paramANu paraspara sarvathA vibhinna hai; to kyA niyAmaka hai jo ghar3A vahIM utpanna ho anyatra nahIM ? pratiniyata kArya-kAraNakI vyavasthAke lie kAraNameM yogyatA yA zaktirUpase kAryakA sadbhAva mAnanA Avazyaka hai / yAnI kAraNameM kAryotpAdanako yogyatA yA zakti rahanI hI cAhie / yogyatA, zakti aura sAmarthya Adi ekajAtIya mUladravyoMmeM samAna hone para bhI vibhinna avasthAoM meM unakI sImA niyata ho jAtI hai aura isI niyatatA ke kAraNa jagat meM aneka prakArake kAryakAraNabhAva banate hai / yaha to huI aneka pudgaladravyoM ke saMyukta skandhakI bAta / eka dravyakI apanI kramika avasthAoMmeM amuka uttara paryAyakA utpanna honA kevala dravyayogyatApara hI nirbhara nahIM karatA, kintu kAraNabhUta paryAyakI tatparyAyayogyatApara bhI / pratyeka dravyake pratisamaya svabhAvataH utpAda - vyaya- dhrauvya rUpase pariNAmI honeke kAraNa sArI vyavasthAe~ sadasatkAryavAdake AdhArase jama jAtI hai / vivakSita kArya apane kAraNameM kAryAkArase asat hokara bhI yogyatA yA zaktike rUpameM sat hai / yadi kAraNadravya meM vaha zakti na hotI to usase vaha kArya utpanna hI nahIM ho sakatA thA / eka avicchinna pravAhameM calanevAlI dhArAbaddha paryAyoMkA paraspara aisA koI viziSTa sambandha to honA hI cAhie, jisake kAraNa apanI pUrva paryAya hI apanI uttara paryAyameM upAdAna kAraNa ho sake, dUsarekI uttara paryAya nahIM / yaha anubhavasiddha vyavasthA na to sAMkhyake satkAryavAda meM sambhava hai; aura na bauddha tathA naiyAyika Adike asatkAryavAdameM ho / sAMkhyake pakSa meM kAraNake eka honese itanI abhinnatA hai ki kAryabhedako
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________________ jIvadravya vivecana 197 siddha karanA asambhava hai, aura bauddhoM ke yahA~ itanI bhinnatA hai ki amuka kSaNake sAtha amuka kSaNakA upAdAna - upAdeyabhAva bananA kaThina hai / isI taraha naiyAyikoM ke avayavI dravyakA amuka avayavoMke hI sAtha samavAyasambandha siddha karanA isalie kaThina hai ki unameM paraspara atyanta bheda mAnA gayA hai / isa taraha jaina darzana meM ye jIvAdi chaha dravya pramANake prameya mAne gaye haiM / ye sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka aura guNaparyAyAtmaka haiM / guNa aura paryAya dravyase kathaJjittAdAtmya sambandha rakhaneke kAraNa sat to haiM, para ve dravyakI taraha maulika nahIM haiM, kintu dravyAMza hai / ye hI anekAntAtmaka padArtha prameya haiM aura inhIMke eka-eka dharmoM meM nayoMkI pravRtti hotI hai / jainadarzanako dRSTimeM dravya hI ekamAtra maulika padArtha hai, zeSa guNa, karma, sAmAnya, samavAya Adi umI dravyakI paryAyeM haiM, svataMtra padArtha nahIM hai /
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________________ 7. tattva-nirUpaNa tattvavyavasthAkA prayojana : padArthavyavasthAko dRSTise yaha vizva padravyamaya hai, parantu mumukSuko jinake tattvajJAnako AvazyakatA muktike lie hai, ve tattva sAta haiN| jisa prakAra rogIko roga-muktike lie roga, rogake kAraNa, rogamukti aura rogamuktikA upAya ina cAra bAtoMkA jAnanA cikitsAzAstrameM Avazyaka batAyA hai, usI taraha mokSakI prAptike lie saMsAra, saMsArake kAraNa, mokSa aura mokSake upAya isa mUlabhUta catuvyUhakA jAnanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / vizvavyavasthA aura tattvanirUpaNake jude-jude prayojana haiM / vizvavyavasthAkA jJAna na honepara bhI tattvajJAnase mokSako sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai, para tattvajJAna na honepara vizvavyavasthAkA samagra jJAna bhI nirarthaka aura anarthaka ho sakatA hai| rogIke lie sarvaprathama yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apaneko rogo smjhe| jaba taka use apane rogakA bhAna nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha cikitsAke lie pravRtta hI nahIM ho sktaa| rogake jJAnake bAda rogIko yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki usakA roga naSTa ho sakatA hai| rogakI sAdhyatAkA jJAna hI use cikitsAmeM pravRtti karAtA hai| rogIko yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki yaha roga amuka kAraNoMse utpanna huA hai, jisase vaha bhaviSyameM una apathya AhAra-vihAroMse vacA rahakara apaneko niroga rakha sake / rogako naSTa karaneke upAyabhUta auSadhopacArakA jJAna to Avazyaka hai hI; tabhI to maujUdA rogakA auSadhopacArase samUla nAza karake vaha sthira Arogyako pA sakatA hai| isI taraha 'AtmA baMdhA hai, ina kAraNoMse ba~dhA hai, vaha bandhana TUTa sakatA hai aura ina upAyoMse
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________________ tattva-nirUpaNa 199 TUTa sakatA hai|' ina mUlabhUta cAra muddoMmeM tattvajJAnakI parisamApti bhAratIya darzanoMne kI hai / bauddhoMke cAra Aryasatya : ma0 buddhane bhI nirvANake lie cikitsAzAstrakI taraha duHkha, samudaya, nirodha aura mArga ina cAra AryasatyoMkA' upadeza diyA hai / ve kabhI bhI 'AtmA kyA hai, paraloka kyA hai' Adike dArzanika vivAdoMmeM na to svayaM gaye aura na ziSyoMko hI jAne diyA / isa sambandhakA bahuta upayukta udAharaNa milinda praznameM diyA gayA hai ki 'jaise kisI vyaktiko vipase bujhA huA tIra lagA ho aura jaba bandhujana usa tIrako nikAlaneke lie viSavaidyako bulAte haiM, to usa samaya usakI yaha mImAMsA karanA jisa prakAra nirarthaka hai ki 'yaha tIra kisa lohese banA haiM ? kisane ise banAyA ? kaba banAyA ? yaha kabataka sthira rahegA ? yaha vipavaidya kisa gotrakA hai ?' usI taraha AtmAkI nityatA aura paraloka AdikA vicAra nirarthaka hai, vaha na to bodhike lie aura na nirvANake lie hI upayogI hai / ina AryasatyoMkA varNana isa prakAra hai / duHkha -satya - janma bhI duHkha hai, jarA bhI duHkha hai, maraNa bhI duHkha hai, zoka, parivedana, vikalatA, iSTaviyoga, aniSTa-saMyoga, iSTAprApti Adi sabhI duHkha haiM / saMkSepameM pA~coM upAdAna skandha hI duHkharUpa haiM / samudaya - satya -- kAmakI tRSNA, bhavakI tRSNA aura vibhavakI tRSNA duHkhako utpanna karaneke kAraNa samudaya kahI jAtI hai / jitane indriyoMke priya viSaya haiM, iSTa rUpAdi haiM, inakA viyoga na ho, ve sadA bane raheM, isa taraha unase saMyogake lie cittakI abhinandinI vRttiko tRSNA kahate hai ! yahI tRSNA samasta duHkhoMkA kAraNa hai / nirodha-satya 1. "satyAnyuktAni catvAriM duHkhaM samudayastathA / nirodho mArga eteSAM yathAbhisamayaM kramaH // " - abhidha0 ko0 6 / 2 /
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________________ 200 jainadarzana tRSNAke atyanta nirodha yA vinAzako nirodha-Aryasatya kahate hai / duHkhanirodhakA mArga haiASTAgika maarg| samyagdRSTi, samyaksaMkalpa, samyakvacana, samyakkarma, samyak AjIva, mamyak prayatna, samyak smRti aura samyak samAdhi / naMgatmya-bhAvanA hI murayampase mArga hai / buddhane AtmadRSTi yA sattvadRSTiko hI mithyAdarzana kahA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki eka AtmAko zAzvata yA sthAyI samajhakara hI vyakti snehavaza usake sukhame tRSNA karatA hai| tRSNAke kAraNa use doSa nahIM dikhAI dete aura guNadarzana kara punaH tRSNAvaga sukhasAdhanome mamatva karatA hai, unhe grahaNa karatA hai| tAtparya yaha ki jaba taka 'AtmAbhiniveza' hai taba taka vaha saMsArame rulatA hai / ima eka AtmAke mAnaneme vaha apaneko sva aura anyako para samajhatA hai / sva-paravibhAgase rAga aura dveSa hote hai, aura ye rAga-dveSa hI samasta saMsAra-parampagake mUla srota hai / ataH ima sarvAnarthamUla AtmadRSTikA nAza kara nagatmya-bhAvanAse duHkha-nirodha hotA hai / buddhakA dRSTikoNa : ___ upaniSadkA tattvajJAna jahA~ Atmadarzanapara jora detA hai aura Atmadarzanako ho mokSakA parama sAdhana mAnatA hai aura mumukSake 1. "yaH pazyatyAnmAna tatrAsyAhamiti zAzvataH snehaH / mnehAn mugveSu tRti tRNA dopAstirankurute // guNadazA paritRSyan mameta tatsAdhanAnyupAdatte / tenAtmAbhinivezo yAvat tAvatma saMsAre // Atmani sati parasaMzA svaparavibhAgAt prigrhdvpau| anayoH sampratibaddhAH sarve doSAH prajAyante // " -pra0vA0 1219-21 // "tasmAdanAdisantAnatulyajAtIyabIjikAm / utkhAtamUlA kuruta sattvadRSTi mumukSavaH / / " -pramANavA0 12258 /
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________________ 201 tattva-nirUpaNa lie AtmajJAnako ho jIvanakA sarvocca sAdhya samajhatA hai, vahA~ buddhane isa Atmadarzanako hI saMsArakA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai / AtmadRSTi, sattvadRSTi, satkAyadRSTi, ye saba mithyA dRSTiyA~ hai / aupanipada tattvajJAnakI oTameM, yAjJika kriyAkANDako jo prazraya mila rahA thA usoko yaha pratikriyA thI ki buddhako 'AtmA'zabdase ho ghRNA ho gaI thii| AtmAko sthira mAnakara ume svargaprApti Adike pralobhanase aneka krUra yajJoMme honevAlI hiMsAke lie ukamAyA jAtA thaa| isa zAzvata AtmavAdase hI rAga aura upakI amaraveleM phailatI hai| majA to yaha hai ki buddha aura upaniSadvAdo donoM hI rAga, dveSa aura mohakA abhAva kara vItarAgatA aura vAsanAnimuktiko apanA carama lakSya mAnate the, para sAdhana donoMke itane jude the ki eka jima Atmadarzanako mokSakA kAraNa mAnatA thA, dUsarA use saMsArakA mUlabIja / isakA eka kAraNa aura bhI thA ki buddhakA mAnasa dArzanikako apekSA santa hI adhika thaa| ve aise golagola zabdoMko bilakula haTA denA cAhate the, jinakA nirNaya na ho sake yA jinakI oTame 'mithyA dhAraNAoM aura andhavizvAsoMkI sRSTi hotI ho / 'AtmA' zabda unheM aisA ho lgaa| buddhako nairAtmya-bhAvanAkA uddezya 'bodhicaryAvatAra' ( pR0 446 ) meM isa prakAra batAyA hai "yatastato vA'stu bhayaM yadyahaM nAma kiMcana / ahameva na kiJciccet kasya bhotirbhaviSyati / / " arthAt-yadi 'maiM' nAmakA koI padArtha hotA to use isame yA usase bhaya ho sakatA thA, parantu jaba 'mai' ho nahIM hai, taba bhaya kime hogA ? buddha jisa prakAra isa 'zAzvata AtmavAda' rUpI eka antako khatarA mAnate the, usI taraha ve bhautikavAdako bhI dUsarA anta samajhakara use khatarA hI mAnate the| unhoMne na to bhautikavAdiyoMke ucchedavAdako hI mAnA aura na upaniSadvAdiyoMke zAzvatavAdako hI / isIlie unakA mata
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________________ jainadarzana 'azAzvatAnucchedavAda' ke rUpameM vyavahRta hotA hai| unhoMne AtmAsambandhI praznoMko avyAkRta koTimeM DAla diyA thA aura bhikSuoMko spaSTa rUpase kaha diyA thA ki 'AtmAke sambandha meM kucha bhI kahanA yA sunanA na bodhike lie, na brahmacaryake lie aura na nirvANake lie hI upayogI hai|' isa taraha buddhane usa AtmAke ho sambandhameM koI bhI nizcita bAta nahIM kahI, jise duHkha hotA hai aura jo duHkha - nivRttiko sAdhanA karanA cAhatA hai / 202 1. Atmatattva : jainoMke sAta tattvoMkA mUla AtmA : niggaMTha nAthaputta mahAzramaNa mahAvIra bhI vaidika kriyAkANDako nirarthaka aura zreyaH pratirodhI mAnate the, jitanA ki buddha / ve AcAra arthAt cAriko hI mokSakA antima sAdhana mAnate the / parantu unane yaha sAkSAtkAra kiyA ki jaba taka vizvavyavasthA aura khAsakara usa AtmAke viSayameM ziSya nizcita vicAra nahIM banA lete, jisa AtmAko duHkha hotA hai aura jise nirvANa pAnA hai, taba taka ve mAnasa-saMzayase mukta hokara sAdhanA kara hI nahIM sakate / jaba magadha aura videhake konemeM ye prazna gUMja rahe hoM ki- 'AtmA deharUpa hai yA dehase bhinna ? paraloka kyA hai ? nirvANa kyA hai ?' aura anya tIrthika ina sabake sambandha meM apane matoMkA pracAra kara rahe hoM, aura inhIM praznoMpara vAda rope jAte hoM, taba ziSyoMko yaha kaha - kara tatkAla bhale hI cupa kara diyA jAya ki "kyA rakhA hai isa vivAda meM ki AtmA kyA hai aura kaisI hai ? hameM to duHkhanivRtti ke lie prayatna karanA cAhiye / " parantu isase unake manakI zalya aura buddhikI vicikitsA nahIM nikala sakatI thI, aura ve isa bauddhika hInatA aura vicAradInatA ke honatara bhAvoMse apane cittakI rakSA nahIM kara sakate the / saMghameM to vibhinna matavAdiyoMke ziSya, vizeSakara vaidika brAhmaNa vidvAn bhI
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________________ Atmatattva-nirUpaNa 203 1 karate the; saMzayakA dIkSita hote the / jaba taka ina saba paMcamela vyaktiyoMke, jo AtmAke viSaya meM vibhinna mata rakhate the aura usakI carcA bhI vastusthitimUlaka samAdhAna na ho jAtA, taba taka ve mAnasa ahiMsAkA vAtAvaraNa nahIM banA sakate the / susthira aura sudRr3ha darzana ke binA parIkSaka- ziSyoMko apanA anuyAyI nahIM banA sakatA / zraddhAmUlaka bhAvanA tatkAla kitanA hI samarpaNa kyoM na karA le para usakA sthAyitva vicAra-zuddhike binA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane usa mUlabhUta Atmatattvake svarUpake viSaya meM mauna nahIM rakhA aura apane ziSyoMko yaha batAyA ki dharma vastu ke yathArtha svarUpakI prApti hI hai| jisa vastukA jo svarUpa hai, usakA usa pUrNa svarUpameM sthira honA hI dharma hai / agni jaba taka apanI uSNatAko kAyama rakhatI hai, tabataka vaha dharmasthita hai / yadi dIpazikhA vAyuke jhoMkose spandita ho rahI hai aura caMcala honeke kAraNa apane nizcala svarUpase cyuta ho rahI hai, to kahanA hogA ki vaha utane aMzameM dharmasthita nahIM hai / jala jaba taka svAbhAvika zItala hai, tabhI taka dharma-sthita hai / yadi vaha agnike saMsargase svarUpacyuta hokara garma ho jAtA hai, to vaha dharma-sthita nahIM hai / isa parasaMyogajanya vikAra - pariNatiko haTA denA hI jalako dharma-prApti hai / usI taraha AtmAkA vItarAgatva, anantacaitanya, anantasukha Adi svarUpa parasaMyogase rAga, dveSa, tRSNA, duHkha Adi vikArarUpase pariNata hokara adharma bana rahA hai / jabataka AtmAke yathArtha svarUpakA nizcaya aura varNana na kiyA jAya taba taka yaha vikArI AtmA kaise apane svatantra svarUpako pAneke lie ucchvAsa bhI le sakatA hai ? rogoko jaba taka apane mUlabhUta Arogya svarUpakA jJAna na ho taba taka use yahI nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA ki merI yaha asvastha avasthA roga hai / vaha usa rogako vikAra to tabhI mAnegA jaba use apano Arogya avasthAkA yathArtha darzana ho, aura jaba taka vaha rogako vikAra nahIM mAnatA taba taka paraspara samatA aura koI bhI dharma apane
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________________ 204 jainadarzana vaha roga-nivRttike lie cikitsAmeM kyoM pravRtti karegA? jaba use yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki merA svarUpa to Arogya hai, apathyasevana Adi kAraNoMse merA mUla svarUpa vikRta ho gayA hai, tabhI vaha uma svarUpabhUta Arogyako prAptike lie cikitsA karAtA hai| roganivRtti svayaM sAdhya nahIM hai, sAdhya hai svarUpabhUta ArogyakI prApti / usI taraha jaba taka usa mUla-bhUta AtmAke svarUpakA yathArtha parijJAna nahIM hogA aura parasaMyogase honevAle vikAroMko Agantuka honese vinAzI na mAnA jAyagA, taba taka duHkhanivRttike lie prayatna hI nahIM bana sktaa| yaha Thoka hai ki jise vANa lagA hai, use tatkAla prAthamika sahAyatA (IFirst aid) ke rUpameM Avazyaka hai ki vaha pahale tIrako nikalavA le; kintu itanemeM hI usake kartavyakI samApti nahIM ho jaatii| vaidyako yaha avazya dekhanA hogA ki vaha tIra kisa viSase bujhA huA hai aura kisa vastukA banA huA hai| yaha isalie ki zarIrameM usane kitanA vikAra paidA kiyA hogA aura usa ghAvako bharaneke lie kaunasI malahama Avazyaka hogii| phira yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki vaha tIra acAnaka laga gayA yA kisIne duzmanose mArA hai aura aise kauna upAya ho sakate haiM, jinase Age tIra laganekA avasara na Ave / yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrakI bhI parIkSA kI jAtI hai, tora mAranevAlekI bhI talAza kI jAtI hai aura ghAvakI gaharAI Adi bhI dekhI jAtI hai| isIliye yaha jAnanA aura samajhanA mumukSuke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki Akhira mokSa hai kyA vastU ? jisakI prAptike lie maiM prApta sukhakA parityAga karake svecchAse sAdhanAke kaSTa jhelaneke lie taiyAra hoU~ ? apane svAtantrya svarUpakA bhAna kiye binA aura usake sukhada rUpakI jhA~kI pAye binA kevala paratantratA tor3aneke lie vaha utsAha aura sannaddhatA nahIM A sakatI, jisake balapara mumukSu tapasyA aura sAdhanAke ghora kaSToMko svecchAse jhelatA hai / ataH usa AdhArabhUta AtmAke mUla svarUpakA jJAna mumukSuko
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________________ Atmatattva-nirUpaNa 205 sarvaprathama honA hI cAhie, jo ki ba~dhA hai aura jise chUTanA hai / isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIrane baMdha (duHkha ), Amrava ( duHkhake kAraNa ), mokSa (nirodha ), saMvara aura nirjarA ( nirodha-mArga ) ina pA~ca tattvoMke mAtha hI sAtha usa jIva tattvakA jJAna karanA bhI Avazyaka batAyA, jisa jIvako yaha saMsAra hotA hai aura jo bandhana kATakara mokSa pAnA cAhatA hai| baMdha do vastuoMkA hotA hai / ataH jisa ajIvake samparkase isakI vibhAvapariNati ho rahI hai aura jisame rAga-dvepa karaneke kAraNa usakI dhArA cala rahI hai aura jina karmapudgaloMse baddha honeke kAraNa yaha jIva svasvarUpase cyuta hai usa ajIvatattvakA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai| tAtparya yaha ki jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva mumukSuke liye sarvaprathama jJAtavya hai / tattvoMke do rUpa : Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye tattva do do prakArake hote hai / eka dravyarUpa aura dUsare bhAvarUpa / jina mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kapAya aura yogarUpa AtmapariNAmoMse karmapudgaloMkA AnA hotA hai, ve bhAva bhAvAnava kahe jAte hai aura pudgaloMme karmatvakA AjAnA dravyAnava hai; arthAt bhAvAnava jIvagata paryAya hai aura dravyAsrava pudgalagata / jina kaSAyoMse karma baMdhate hai ve jIvagata kapAyAdi bhAva bhAvabaMdha hai aura pudgalakarmakA AtmAse sambandha ho jAnA dravyabandha hai / bhAvabandha jIvarUpa hai aura dravyabandha pudgalarUpa / jina kSamA Adi dharma, mamiti, gupti aura cAritroMse naye karmokA AnA rukatA hai ve bhAva bhAvamaMvara hai aura karmokA ruka jAnA dravyamavara hai / isI taraha pUrvasaMcita karmokA nirjaraNa jina tapa Adi bhAvoMse hotA hai ve bhAva bhAvanirjarA hai aura karmokA jhar3anA dravyanirjarA hai / jina dhyAna Adi sAdhanoMse mukti prApta hotI hai ve bhAva bhAvamokSa hai aura karmapudgaloMkA AtmAse sambandha TUTa jAnA dravyamokSa hai|
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________________ 206 jainadarzana tAtparya yaha ki Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye pA~ca tattva bhAvarUpameM jIvakI paryAya hai aura dravyarUpameM pudglkii| jisa bhedavijJAnase-AtmA aura parake vivekajJAnase-kaivalyakI prApti hotI hai usa AtmA aura parameM ye sAtoM tattva mamA jAte hai / vastutaH jisa parako paratantratAko haTAnA hai aura jima svako svatantra honA hai una sva aura parake jJAnameM hI tattvajJAnako pUrNatA ho jAtI hai| isIlie saMkSepameM muktikA mUla sAdhana 'svapara-vivekajJAna' ko batAyA gayA hai / tattvoMkI anAditA : bhAratIya darzanoMmeM sabane koI-na-koI padArtha anAdi mAne hI hai / nAstika carvAka bhI pRthvI Adi mahAbhUtoMko anAdi mAnatA hai / aise kisI kSaNakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, jisake pahale koI anya kSaNa na rahA ho / samaya kabase prArambha huA aura kaba taka rahegA, yaha batalAnA sambhava nahIM hai / jisa prakAra kAla anAdi aura ananta hai aura usakI pUrvAvadhi nizcita nahIM kI jA sakato, usI taraha AkAzako bhI koI kSetragata maryAdA nahIM batAI jA sakatI-"sarvato hi anantaM tat" Adi anta sabhI orase AkAza ananta hai| AkAza aura kAlakI taraha hama pratyeka satke viSayameM yaha kaha sakate hai ki usakA na kisI khAsa kSaNameM nUtana utpAda huA hai aura na kisI samaya usakA samUla vinAza hI hogaa| "bhAvassa Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppaado|" -paMcAstikAya gA0 15 / "nA'sato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvau vidyate stH|" -bhagavatgItA 2 / 16 / arthAt-kisI asatkA sat rUpase utpAda nahIM hotA aura na kisI satkA atyanta vinAza ho hotA hai| jitane gine hue sat haiM, unakI saMkhyAmeM na ekakI vRddhi ho sakatI hai aura na ekako hAni / hA~, rUpAntara
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________________ Atmatattva-nirUpaNa 207 pratyekakA hotA rahatA hai, eka sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai| isa siddhAntake anusAra AtmA eka svatantra sat hai aura pudgalaparamANu bhI svatantra sat / anAdikAlase yaha AtmA pudgalase usI taraha sambaddha milatA hai jaise ki khAnise nikAlA gayA sonA mailase saMyukta milatA hai / AtmAko anAdivaddha mAnanekA kAraNa : Aja AtmA sthUla zarIra aura sUkSma kamagarIrase baddha milatA hai / isakA jJAna saMvedana, sukha, duHkha aura yahA~ taka ki jIvana-zakti bhI zarIrAdhIna hai / zarIrameM vikAra honese jJAnataMtuoMmeM kSINatA A jAtI hai aura smRtibhraMza tathA pAgalapana Adi dekhe jAte hai / saMsArI AtmA zarIrabaddha hokara hI apanI gatividhi karatA hai| yadi AtmA zuddha hotA to zarIrasambandhakA koI kAraNa nahIM thaa| zarIrasambandha yA punarjanmake kAraNa hai-rAga, dvepa, moha aura kapAyAdibhAva / zuddha AtmAmeM ye vibhAva pariNAma ho hI nahIM sakate / caki Aja ye vibhAva aura unakA phalazarIrasambandha pratyakSase anubhavameM A rahA hai, ataH mAnanA hogA ki Aja taka inakI azuddha paramparA hI calI AI hai| bhAratIya darzanoMmeM yahI eka aisA prazna hai, jisakA uttara vidhimukhase nahIM diyA jA sakatA / brahmameM avidyA kaba utpanna huI ? prakRti aura purupakA saMyoga kaba huA ? AtmAse zarIrasambandha kaba huA? ina saba praznoMkA eka mAtra uttara hai-'anAdi' se / kiso bho darzanane aise samayakI kalpanA nahIM kI hai jisa samaya samagra bhAvase ye samasta saMyoga naSTa hoMge aura saMsAra samApta ho jaaygaa| vyaktizaH amuka AtmAoMse pudgalasaMsarga yA prakRtisaMsargakA vaha rUpa samApta ho jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa use saMsaraNa karanA par3atA hai| isa praznakA dUsarA uttara isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi ye zuddha hote to inakA saMyoga hI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| zuddha honeke vAda koI aisA hetu nahIM raha jAtA jo prakRtisaMsarga, pudgala
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________________ 208 jainadarzana sambandha yA avidyotpatti hone de| isIke anusAra yadi AtmA zuddha hotA to koI kAraNa usake azuddha honekA yA zarIrasambandhakA nahIM thA / jaba ye do svatantrasattAka dravya hai taba unakA saMyoga cAhe vaha kitanA ho purAnA kyoM na ho; naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura donoMko pRthak-pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai | udAharaNArtha - khadAna se sarvaprathama nikAle gaye soneme kITa Adi maila kitanA hI purAnA yA asaMkhya kAlase lagA huA kyoM na ho, zodhaka prayogoMse avazya pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai aura suvarNa apane zuddha rUpameM lAyA jA sakatA hai / taba yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki sonekA zuddha rUpa yaha hai tathA maila yaha haiM / sArAMza yaha ki jIva aura pudgalakA baMdha anAdime hai aura vaha bandha jIvake apane rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoMke kAraNa uttarottara bar3hatA jAtA hai / jaba ye rAgAdibhAva kSINa hote hai, taba vaha baMdha AtmAme naye vibhAva utpanna nahIM kara sakatA aura dhIre-dhIre yA eka jhaTake meM hI samApta ho sakatA hai / cU~ki yaha bandha do svatantra dravyoM kA hai, ataH TUTa sakatA hai yA uma avasthAmeM to avazya pahu~ca sakatA hai jaba sAdhAraNa saMyoga banA rahane para bhI AtmA usase nismaMga aura nirlepa bana jAtA hai / Aja isa azuddha AtmAkI dazA ardhabhautika jaimI ho rahI hai / indriyA~ yadi na hoM to sunane aura dekhane Adiko zakti rahane para bhI vaha zakti jaisI-kI-taisI raha jAtI hai aura dekhanA aura sunanA nahIM hotA / vicArazakti honepara bhI yadi mastiSka ThIka nahIM hai to vicAra aura cintana nahIM kiye jA sakate / yadi pakSAghAta ho jAya to zarIra dekhaneme vaisA hI mAlUma hotA hai para saba zUnya ho jAtA hai / niSkarSa yaha ki azuddha AtmAkI dazA aura isakA mArA vikAsa bahuta kucha pudgalake adhIna ho rahA hai / aura to jAne dojie, jIbhake amuka-amuka hissoMmeM amuka-amuka rasoMke cakhanekI nimittatA dekhI jAtI hai / yadi jIbhake Adhe hisse meM lakavA mAra jAya to zeSa hissese kucha rasoMkA jJAna ho
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________________ 209 Atmatattva-nirUpaNa pAtA hai, kuchakA nahIM / isa jIvanake jJAna, darzana, sukha, rAga, dveSa, kalAvijJAna Adi sabhI bhAva bahuta kucha isI jIvanaparyAyake adhIna haiN| eka manuSya jIvana bhara apane jJAnakA upayoga vijJAna yA dharmake adhyayanameM lagAtA hai, javAnI meM usake mastiSkameM bhautika upAdAna acche aura pracura mAtrAmeM the, to usake tantu caitanyako jagAye rakhate the| bur3hApA Anepara jaba usakA mastiSka zithila par3a jAtA hai to vicArazakti lupta hone lagatI hai aura smaraNa manda par3a jAtA hai| vahI vyakti apanI javAnImeM likhe gae lekhako yadi bur3hApemeM par3hatA hai to use svayaM Azcarya hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI to use yaha vizvAsa hI nahIM hotA ki yaha usIne likhA hogaa| mastiSkakI yadi koI granthi bigar3a jAtI hai to manuSya pAgala ho jAtA hai / dimAgakA yadi koI purajA kasa gayA, DhIlA ho gayA to unmAda, sandeha, vikSepa aura udvega Adi aneka prakArako dhArAe~ jIvanako hI badala detI hai| mastiSkake vibhinna bhAgoMmeM vibhinna prakArake cetanabhAvoMko jAgRta karaneke vizeSa upAdAna rahate haiM / mujhe eka aise yogIkA anubhava hai jise zarIrakI nasoMkA viziSTa jJAna thaa| vaha mastiSkakI kisI khAsa namako dabAtA thA to manuSyako hiMsA aura krodhake bhAva utpanna ho jAte the| dUsare hI kSaNa kisI anya nasake davAte hI dayA aura karuNAke bhAva jAgRta hote the aura vaha vyakti rone lagatA thA, tIsarI nasake dabAte hI lobhakA tIvra udaya hotA thA aura yaha icchA hotI thI ki corI kara leN| ina maba ghaTanAoMse hama eka isa nizcita pariNAmapara to pahu~ca hI sakate haiM ki hamArI sArI paryAyazaktiyA~, jinameM jJAna, darzana, sukha, dhairya, rAga, dveSa aura kaSAya Adi zAmila haiM, isa zarIraparyAyake nimittase vikasita hotI haiM / zarIrake naSTa hote hI samasta jIvana bharameM upArjita jJAnAdi paryAyazaktiyA~ prAyaH bahuta kucha naSTa ho jAtI haiM / paraloka taka inake kucha sUkSma saMskAra ho jAte haiN|
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________________ 210 jainadarzana vyavahArase jIva mUrtika bhI hai : ___ jaina darzanameM vyavahAranayase jIvako mUrtika mAnanekA artha hai ki anAdise yaha jIva zarIrasambaddha hI milatA AyA hai / sthUla zarIra chor3ane para bhI mUkSma karmazarIra sadA isake sAtha rahatA hai| isI sUkSma karmazarorake nAzako hI mukti kahate hai| cArvAkakA dehAtmavAda dehake sAtha hI AtmAkI samApti mAnatA hai java ki jainake dehaparimANa-AtmavAdameM AtmAko svatantra sattA hokara bhI usakA vikAsa azaddha dazAmeM dehAzrita yAnI dehanimittika mAnA gayA hai / AtmAkI dazA : ___AjakA vijJAna hame batAtA hai ki jIva jo bhI vicAra karatA hai usakI Ter3hI-sIdhI; aura uthalI-gaharI rekhAyeM mastiSkame bhare hue makkhana jaise zveta padArthameM khiMcatI jAtI hai, aura unhIMke anusAra smRti tathA cAsanAe~ udbuddha hotI hai / jaise agnise tape hue loheke goleko pAnImeM chor3ane para vaha golA jalake bahutase paramANuoMko apane bhItara sokha letA haiM aura bhApha banAkara kucha paramANuoMko bAhara nikAlatA hai| jaba taka vaha garma rahatA hai, pAnImeM uthala-puthala paidA karatA hai| kucha paramANuoMko letA hai, kuchako nikAlatA hai, kuchako bhApha banAtA, yAnI eka ajIba hI paristhiti Asa-pAsake vAtAvaraNameM upasthita kara detA hai| usI taraha jaba yaha AtmA rAga-dvepa Adise uttapta hotA hai, taba zarIrameM eka adbhuta halana-calana utpanna karatA hai| krodha Ate hI A~kheM lAla ho jAtI haiM, khUnako gati bar3ha jAtI hai, mu~ha sUkhane lagatA hai, aura nathane phar3akane lagate hai / jaba kAmavAsanA jAgRta hotI hai to sAre zarIrameM eka vizeSa prakAra kA manthana zurU hotA hai, aura jaba taka vaha kapAya yA vAsanA zAnta nahIM ho letI; taba taka yaha cahala-pahala aura manthana Adi nahIM ruktaa| AtmAke vicAroMke anusAra pudgaladravyoMmeM bhI pariNamana hotA hai aura
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________________ 211 Atmatattva-nirUpaNa una vicAroMke uttejaka pudgala AtmAke vAsanAmaya sUkSma karmazarIrameM zAmila hote jAte hai / jaba jaba una karmapudgaloMpara dabAva par3atA hai taba taba ve phira rAgAdi bhAvoMko jagAte hai| phira naye karmapudgala Ate haiM aura una karmapudgaloMke paripAkake anusAra nUtana rAgAdi bhAvoMkI sRSTi hotI hai / isa taraha rAgAdi bhAva aura karmapudgaloMke sambandhakA cakra taba taka barAbara cAlU rahatA hai, jaba taka ki apane viveka aura cAritrase rAgAdi bhAvoMko naSTa nahIM kara diyA jaataa| sArAMza yaha ki jIvako ye rAga-dvepAdi vAsanAe~ aura pudgalakarmabandhakI dhArA bIja-vRkSasantatikI taraha anAdise cAlU hai / pUrva saMcita karmake udayase isa samaya rAga, dveSa Adi utpanna hote hai aura tatkAlameM jo jIvakI Asakti yA lagana hotI hai, vahI nUtana karmabandha karAtI hai| yaha AzaMkA karanA ki 'jaba pUrvakamase rAgAdi aura rAgAdise naye karmakA bandha hotA hai taba isa cakrakA uccheda kaise ho sakatA hai ?' ucita nahIM hai; kAraNa yaha hai ki kevala pUrvakarmake phalakA bhoganA hI naye karmakA bandhaka nahIM hotA, kintu usa bhogakAlameM jo nUtana rAgAdi bhAva utpanna hote haiM, unase bandha hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki samyagdRSTike pUrvakarmake bhoga nUtana rAgAdibhAvoMko nahIM karanekI vajahase nirjarAke kAraNa hote hai jaba ki mithyAdRSTi nUtana rAgAdise baMdha hI baMdha karatA hai / samyagdRSTi pUrvakarmake udayase honevAle rAdibhAvoMko apane vivekase zAnta karatA hai aura unameM naI Asakti nahIM hone detaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake purAne karma apanA phala dekara jhar3a jAte hai aura kisI naye karmakA unakI jagaha bandha nahIM hotA / ataH samyagdRSTi to hara taraphase halakA ho calatA hai; jaba ki mithyAdRSTi nita nayI vAsanA aura Asaktike kAraNa tejIse karmabandhanoMmeM jakar3atA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra hamAre bhautika mastiSkapara anubhavoMkI sodhI, Ter3hI, gaharI, uthalI Adi asaMkhya rekhAe~ par3atI rahatI hai, jaba eka prabala rekhA
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________________ 212 jainadarzana AtI hai to vaha pahaleko nirbala rekhAko sAphakara usa jagaha apanA gaharA prabhAva kAyama kara detI hai / yAnI yadi vaha rekhA sajAtIya saMskArakI hai to use aura gaharA kara detI hai aura yadi vijAtIya saMskArakI hai to use poMcha detI hai / antame kucha hI anubhava-rekhAe~ apanA gaharA yA uthalA astitva kAyama rakhatI hai| isI taraha Aja jo rAgadveSAdijanya saMskAra utpanna hote hai aura karmabandhana karate hai; ve dUsare hI kSaNa zIla, vrata aura saMyama Adiko pavitra bhAvanAose dhula jAte hai yA kSINa ho jAte hai| yadi dUsare hI kSaNa anya rAgAdibhAvoMkA nimitta milatA hai, to prathamabaddha pudgaloMme aura bhI kAle pudgaloMkA saMyoga tIvratAse hotA jAtA hai / isa taraha jIvanake antame karmokA bandha, nirjarA, apakarSaNa (ghaTatI),utkarSaNa (baDhatI), saMkramaNa (eka dUsareke rUpame badalanA) Adi hote-hote jo rokar3a bAkI rahatI hai vahI sUkSma karma-zarIrake rUpame paraloka taka jAtI hai| jaise teja agnipara ubalatI huI baTaloIme dAla, cAvala, zAka Adi jo bhI DAlA jAtA hai usakI Upara-nIce agala-bagalame uphAna lekara antame eka khicar3I-sI bana jAtI hai, umI taraha pratikSaNa ba~dhanevAle acche yA bure karmome, zubhabhAvoMse zubhakarmome rasa-prakarSa aura sthitivRddhi hokara azubha karmome ramahInatA aura sthiticcheda ho jAtA hai / antame eka pAkayogya skandha baca rahatA hai, jisake kramika udayase rAgAdi bhAva aura sukhAdi utpanna hote hai / athavA jaise peTama jaTharAgnise AhArakA mala, mUtra, sveda Adike rUpase kucha bhAga bAhara nikala jAtA hai, kucha vahIM hajama hokara raktAdi rUpase pariNata hotA hai aura Age jAkara vIryAdirUpa bana jAtA hai| bIcameM cUraNa-caTanI Adike saMyogase usakI laghupAka, dIrghapAka Adi avasthAeM bhI hotI hai, para antame honevAle paripAkake anusAra hI bhojanako supaca yA duSpaca kahA jAtA hai, usI taraha karmakA bhI pratisamaya honevAle acche aura bure bhAvoMke anusAra tIvratama, tIvratara, tIvra, manda, madhyama,
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________________ 213 Atmatattva-nirUpaNa mRdutara aura mRdutama Adi rUpase parivartana barAbara hotA rahatA hai aura antameM jo sthiti hotI hai, usake anusAra una karmoko zubha yA azubha kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhautika jagat pudgala aura AtmA donoMse prabhAvita hotA hai| jaba karmakA eka bhautika piNDa, jo viziSTa zaktikA srota hai, AtmAse sambaddha hotA hai, to usakI sUkSma aura tIvrazaktike anusAra bAhya padArtha bhI prabhAvita hote hai aura prAptasAmagrIke anusAra usa saMcita karmakA tIvra, manda, aura madhyama Adi phala milatA hai| isa taraha yaha karmacakra anAdikAlase cala rahA hai aura taba taka cAlU rahegA jaba taka ki bandhakAraka mUlarAgAdivAsanAoMkA nAza nahIM kara diyA jaataa| bAhya padArthoke-nokarmoke samavadhAnake anusAra karmokA yathAsammava pradezodaya yA phalodaya rUpase paripAka hotA rahatA hai| udayakAlameM honevAle tIvra, madhyama aura manda zubhAzubha bhAvoMke anusAra Age udayameM AnevAle karmoke rasadAname bhI antara par3a jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha ki karmokA phala denA, anya rUpameM denA yA na denA, bahuta kucha hamAre purupArthake Upara nirbhara karatA hai| ___ isa taraha jaina darzanameM yaha AtmA anAdise azuddha mAnA gayA hai aura prayogase yaha zuddha ho sakatA hai| ekabAra zuddha honeke bAda phira azuddha honekA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jaataa| AtmAke pradezoMmeM saMkoca aura vistAra bhI karmake nimittase hI hotA hai| ataH karmanimittike haTa jAnepara AtmA apane antima AkArameM raha jAtA hai aura Urdhva lokake agra bhAgameM sthira ho apane ananta caitanyameM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| __ ataH bha0 mahAvIrane bandha-mokSa aura usake kAraNabhUta tattvoke sivAya usa AtmAkA jJAna bhI Avazyaka batAyA jise zuddha honA hai aura jo vartamAnameM azuddha ho rahA hai / AtmAkI azuddha dazA svarUpa-pracyutirUpa hai / cU~ki yaha dazA svasvarUpako bhUlakara parapadArthoMmeM mamakAra aura
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________________ 214 jainadarzana ahaGkAra karaneke kAraNa huI hai, ataH isa azuddha dazAkA anta bhI svarUpake jJAnase hI ho sakatA hai / jaba isa AtmAko yaha tattvajJAna hotA hai ki merA svarUpa to ananta caitanya, vItarAga, nirmoha, niSkaSAya, zAnta, nizcala, apramatta aura jJAnarUpa hai| isa svarUpako bhulAkara parapadArthoMmeM mamakAra aura zarIrako apanA mAnaneke kAraNa rAga, dveSa, moha, kaSAya, pramAda aura mithyAtva Adi vikArarUpa merI dazA ho gayI hai| ina kaSAyoMkI jvAlAse merA svarUpa samala aura yogake kAraNa caJcala ho gayA hai| yadi parapadArthoMse mamakAra aura rAgAdi bhAvoMse ahaGkAra haTa jAya tathA Atmaparaviveka ho jAya to yaha azuddha dazA aura ye rAgAdi vAsanAe~ apane Apa kSINa ho jaaygii| isa tattvajJAnase AtmA vikAroMko kSIga karatA huA nirvikAra caitanyarUpa ho jAtA hai| isI zuddhiko mokSa kahate haiM / yaha mokSa jaba taka zuddha AtmasvarUpakA bodha na ho, taba taka kaise ho sakatA hai ? AtmadRSTi hI samyagdRSTi : buddhake tattvajJAnakA prArambha duHkhase hotA hai aura usakI samApti hotI hai duHkhanivRtti meM / ve samajhate haiM ki AtmA arthAt upaniSadvAdiyoMkA nitya AtmA aura nitya AtmAmeM svabuddhi aura dUsare padArthoMmeM parabuddhi hone lagatI hai| svapara vibhAgase rAga-dveSa aura rAga-dveSase yaha saMsAra bana jAtA hai| ataH samasta anarthoMkI jar3a AtmadRSTi hai| ve isa ora dhyAna nahIM dete ki AtmAko nityatA aura anityatA rAga aura virAgakA kAraNa nahIM hai| rAga aura virAga to svarUpake ajJAna aura svarUpake samyagjJAnase hote haiN| rAgakA kAraNa hai parapadArthoMmeM mamakAra karanA / jaba isa AtmAko samajhAyA jAtA hai ki mUrkha, terA svarUpa to nirvikAra akhaNDa caitanya hai, terA ina strI-putrAdi tathA zarIrameM mamatva karanA vibhAva hai, svabhAva nhiiN| taba yaha sahaja hI apane nirvikAra
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________________ Atmatattva-nirUpaNa 215 svabhAvakI ora dRSTi DAlane lagatA hai aura isI vivekadRSTi yA samyagdarzanase parapadArthoMse rAgadveSa haTAkara svarUpameM lIna hone lagatA hai| isIke kAraNa Asrava rukate haiM aura citta nirAmrava hone lagatA hai| isa pratikSaNa parivartanazIla ananta dravyamaya lokameM maiM eka AtmA hU~, merA kisI dUsare AtmA yA pudgaladravyoMse koI sambandha nahIM hai / maiM apane caitanyakA svAmI hai| mAtra caitanyarUpa huuN| yaha zarIra ananta pudgalaparamANuoMkA eka piNDa hai| isakA maiM svAmI nahIM huuN| yaha saba para dravya haiN| parapadArthoMmeM iSTAniSTa buddhi karanA hI saMsAra hai| Ajataka maiMne parapadArthoko apane anukUla pariNamana karAnekI anadhikAra ceSTA hI kI hai| maiMne yaha bhI anadhikAra ceSTA kI hai ki saMmArake adhika-se-adhika padArtha mere adhIna hoM, jaisA maiM cAhU~, vaisA ve pariNamana kreN| unakI vRtti mere anukUla ho| para mUrkha, tU to eka vyakti hai| tU to kevala apane pariNamana para arthAt apane vicAroM aura kriyApara ho adhikAra rakha sakatA hai| parapadArthopara terA vAstavika adhikAra kyA hai ? terI yaha anadhikAra ceSTA hI rAga aura dveSako utpanna karatI hai| tU cAhatA hai ki zarIra, strI, putra, parijana Adi saba tere izArepara caleM / saMsArake samasta padArtha tere adhIna hoM, tU trailokyako apane izArepara nacAnevAlA ekamAtra Izvara bana jAya / yaha saba terI niradhikAra ceSTAe~ haiM / tU jima taraha maMsArake adhikatama padArthoMko apane anukUla pariNamana karAke apane adhIna karanA cAhatA hai usI taraha tere jaise ananta mUr3ha cetana bhI yahI durvAsanA liye hue haiM aura dUsare dravyoMko apane adhIna karanA cAhate haiN| isI chInA-jhapaTImeM saMgharSa hotA hai, hiMsA hotI hai, rAga-dveSa hote hai aura hotA hai antataH duHkha hI duHkha / sukha aura duHkhako sthUla paribhASA yaha hai ki 'jo cAhe so hove, ise kahate haiM sukha aura cAhe kucha aura hove kucha yA jo cAhe vaha na hove ise kahate haiM duHkha / ' manuSyakI cAha sadA yahI rahatI hai ki mujhe sadA iSTakA saMyoga rahe aura aniSTakA saMyoga na ho| samasta bhautika jagat aura
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________________ 216 jainadarzana anya cetana mere anukUla pariNati karate raheM, zarIra noroga ho, mRtyu na ho, dhanadhAnya hoM, prakRti anukUla rahe Adi na jAne kitane prakArakI cAha isa zekhacillI mAnavako hotI rahatI hai| buddhane jisa duHkhako sarvAnubhUta batAyA hai, vaha saba abhAvakRta ho to hai / mahAvIrane isa tRSNAkA kAraNa batAyA hai 'svasvarUpakI maryAdAkA ajJAna', yadi manuSyako yaha patA ho ki'jinakI maiM cAha karatA hU~. aura jinakI tRSNA karatA hU~, ve padArtha mere nahIM hai, maiM to eka cinmAtra hU~' to use anucita tRSNA hI utpanna na hogI / sArAMza yaha ki duHkhakA kAraNa tRSNA hai, aura tRSNAko udbhUti svAdhikAra evaM svarUpake ajJAna yA mithyAjJAnake kAraNa hotI hai, parapadArthoko apanA mAnaneke kAraNa hotI hai| ataH usakA uccheda bhI svasvarUpake samyagjJAna yAnI svaparavivekase hI ho sakatA hai| isa mAnavane apane svarUpa aura adhikArako sImAko na jAnakara sadA mithyA AcaraNa kiyA hai aura parapadArthoke nimittase jagatmeM aneka kalpita UMca-noca bhAvoMko sRSTi kara mithyA ahaMkArakA poSaNa kiyA hai| zarIrAzrita yA jIvikAzrita brAhmaNa, kSatriyAdi varNoko lekara UMca-nIca vyavahArakI bhedaka bhitti khar3I kara, mAnavako mAnavase itanA judA kara diyA jo eka uccAbhimAnI mAMsapiNDa dUsarekI chAyAse yA dUsareko chUnese apaneko apavitra mAnane lagA / bAhya parapadArthoke saMgrahI aura parigrahIko mahattva dekara isane tRSNAkI pUjA kI / jagatme jitane saMgharSa aura hiMsAe~ huI haiM ve saba parapadArthokI chInA-jhapaTIke kAraNa huI hai| ataH jaba taka mumukSu apane vAstavika svarUpako tathA tRSNAke mUla kAraNa 'parameM Atmabuddhi'ko nahIM samajha lenA taba taka duHkha-nivRttikI samucita bhUmikA hI taiyAra nahIM ho sktii| buddhane saMkSepame pAMca skandhoMko duHkha kahA hai| para mahAvIrane usake bhItarI tattvajJAnako bhI btaayaa| cUMki ye skandha AtmasvarUpa nahIM haiM, ataH inakA saMsarga hI aneka rAgAdibhAvoMkA sarjaka hai aura duHkhasvarUpa
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________________ Atmatattva-nirUpaNa 217 hai| nirAkula sukhakA upAya AtmamAtraniSThA aura parapadArthose mamatvakA haTAnA hI hai| isake lie AtmAkI yathArtha dRSTi hI Avazyaka hai / AtmadarzanakA yaha rUpa parapadArthomeM DheSa karanA nahIM sikhAtA, kintu yaha batAtA hai ki inameM jo tumhArI yaha tRSNA phaila rahI hai, vaha anadhikAra ceSTA hai| vAstavika adhikAra to tumhArA mAtra apane vicAra apane vyavahArapara hI hai / ataH AtmAke bAstavika svarUpakA parijJAna hue binA duHkha-nivRtti yA muktiko sambhAvanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| nairAtmyavAdakI asAratAH ataH A0 dharmakIrtikI yaha AzaMkA bhI nirmUla hai ki"Atmani sati parasaMjJA svaparavibhAgAt parigrahadveSau / anayoH saMpratibaddhAH sarve doSAH prajAyante // " -pramANavA0 1 / 221 / arthAt-AtmAko 'sva' mAnanese dUsaroMko 'para' mAnanA hogA / sva aura para vibhAga hote hI svakA parigraha aura parase dvepa hogaa| parigraha aura dveSa honese rAgadveSamUlaka saikar3oM anya dopa utpanna hote hai / ____ yahA~ taka to ThIka hai ki koI vyakti AtmAko sva mAnanese Atmetarako para maanegaa| para svaparavibhAgase parigraha aura dvepa kaise hoMge ? AtmasvarUpakA parigraha kaisA ? parigraha to zarIra Adi parapadArthoMkA aura usake sukhasAdhanoMkA hotA hai, jinheM AtmadarzI vyakti chor3egA hI, grahaNa nahIM kregaa| use to jaise strI Adi sukha-sAdhana 'para' haiM vaise zarIra bhii| rAga aura dveSa bhI zarIrAdike sukha-sAdhanoM aura asAdhanoMmeM hote haiM, so AtmadarzIko kyoM hoMge? ulaTe AtmadraSTA zarIrAdinimittaka rAgadveSa Adi dvandvoMke tyAga kA hI sthira prayatna kregaa| hA~, jisane zarIraskandhako hI AtmA mAnA hai use avazya Atmadarzanase zarIradarzana prApta hogA aura zarIrake iSTAniSTanimittaka padArthoM meM parigraha aura dveSa ho sakate haiM,
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________________ 218 jainadarzana kintu jo zarIrako bhI 'para' hI mAna rahA hai tathA duHkhakA kAraNa samajha rahA hai vaha kyoM usameM tathA usake iSTAniSTa sAdhanoMmeM rAgadveSa karegA ? ataH zarIrAdise bhinna AtmasvarUpakA parijJAna hI rAgadveSakI jar3ako kATa sakatA hai aura vItarAgatAko prApta karA sakatA hai / ataH dharmakIrtikA AtmadarzanakI burAiyoM kA yaha varNana bhI nitAnta bhramapUrNa hai "yaH pazyatyAtmAnaM tatrAsyAhamiti zAzvataH snehaH / snehAt sukheSu tRSyati tRSNA doSA~stiraskurute || guNadarzI paritRpyan mameti tatsAdhanAnyupAdatte / tenAtmAbhinivezo yAvat tAvat sa saMsAre // " - pramANavArtika 1 / 216-20 / arthAt -- jo AtmAko dekhatA hai, use yaha merA AtmA hai aisA nitya sneha hotA hai / snehase AtmasukhameM tRSNA hotI hai / tRSNAse AtmAke anya doSoMpara dRSTi nahIM jAtI, guNa-hI-guNa dikhAI dete haiM / AtmasukhameM guNa dekhanese usake sAdhanoMmeM mamakAra utpanna hotA hai, unheM vaha grahaNa karatA hai / isa taraha jaba taka AtmAkA abhiniveza hai taba taka saMsAra hI hai / kyoMki AtmadarzI vyakti jahA~ apane zrAtmasvarUpako upAdeya samajhatA hai vahA~ yaha bhI samajhatA hai ki zarIrAdi parapadArtha AtmAke hitakAraka nahIM haiM / inameM rAgadveSa karanA hI AtmAko baMdhameM DAlanevAlA hai / AtmAke svarUpabhUta sukhake lie kisI anya sAdhanake grahaNakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kintu jina zarIrAdi parapadArthoMmeM mithyAbuddhi kara rakhI hai usa mithyAbuddhikA hI chor3anA aura AtmaguNakA darzana, AtmamAtra meM lInatAkA kAraNa hogA na ki bandhanakAraka parapadArthoke grahaNakA / zarIrAdi parapadArthoM meM honevAlA AtmAbhiniveza avazya rAgAdikA sarjaka hotA hai, kintu zarIrAdise bhinna AtmatattvakA darzana zarIrAdimeM rAgAdi kyoM utpanna karegA ? paJcaskandha rUpa AtmA nahIM : yaha to dhamakIrti tathA unake anuyAyiyoMkA Atmatattva ke avyAkRta
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________________ Atmatattva-nirUpaNa 219 honeke kAraNa dRSTivyAmoha hI hai; jo ve usakA mAtra zarIraskandha hI svarUpa mAna rahe haiM aura AtmadRSTiko mithyAdRSTi kaha rahe haiM / eka ora ve pRthivyAdi mahAbhUtoM se AtmAko utpattikA khaNDana bhI karate haiM / aura dUsarI ora rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina pA~ca skandhoM se bhinna kisI AtmAko mAnanA bhI nahIM cAhate / inameM vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ye cAra skandha cetanAtmaka ho sakate hai para rUpaskandhako cetana kahanA cArvAka ke bhUtAtmavAda se koI vizeSatA nahIM rakhatA hai / jaba buddha svayaM AtmAko avyAkRta koTi meM DAla gae haiM to unake ziSyoMkA dArzanika kSetrameM bhI AtmA ke viSaya meM paraspara virodhI do vicAroMmeM dolita rahanA koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM haiM / Aja mahApaMDita rAhula sAMskRtyAyana buddhake ina vicAroMko 'abhautika anAtmavAda jaise ubhaya pratiSedhaka' nAmase pukArate haiM / ve yaha nahIM batA sakate ki Akhira AtmAkA svarUpa hai kyA ? kyA vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna skandha bhI rUpaskandhakI taraha svataMtra sat hai ? kyA AtmAkI rUpaskandhakI taraha svataMtra sattA hai ? aura yadi nirvANa meM cittasaMtati niruddha ho jAtI hai to cArvAkake eka janma taka sImita dehAtmavAdase isa anekajanma sImita para nirvANa meM vinaSTa honevAle abhautika anAtmavAdameM kyA maulika vizetA raha jAtI hai ? antameM to usakA nirodha ho hI jAtA hai / mahAvIra isa asaMgatike jAla meM na to svayaM par3e aura na ziSyoMko hI unane isameM DAlA / yahI kAraNa hai jo unhoMne AtmAkA samagrabhAvase nirUpaNa kiyA hai aura use svatantra dravya mAnA hai / jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki dharmakA lakSaNa hai svabhAvameM sthira honA / AtmAkA apane zuddha AtmasvarUpameM lIna honA hI dharma hai aura isakI nirmala aura nizcala zuddha pariNati hI mokSa hai / yaha mokSa AtmatattvakI jijJAsAke binA ho hI nahIM sakatA / parataMtratAke bandhanako rogIse yaha kahe ki tor3anA svAtaMtrya sukhake lie hotA hai / koI vaidya
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________________ 220 jainadarzana 'tumheM isase kyA matalaba ki Age kyA hogA, davA khAye jAo;' to rogI tatkAla vaidyapara vizvAsa karake davA bhale hI khAtA jAya, parantu Ayurveda - kI kakSA meM vidyArthiyoMkI jijJAsAkA samAdhAna itane mAtrase nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / rogakI pahacAna bhI svAsthya ke svarUpako jAne binA nahIM ho sakatI / jina janmarogiyoMko svAsthyake svarUpakI jhAMkI hI nahIM milI ve to usa rogako roga ho nahIM mAnate aura na usakI nivRttikI ceSTA hI karate haiM / ataH hara taraha mumukSuke lie AtmatattvakA samagra jJAna Avazyaka hai / AtmAke tIna prakAra : AtmA tIna prakArake haiM - bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / jo zarIra Adi parapadArthoMko apanA rUpa mAnakara unako hI priyabhogasAmagrImeM Asakta haiM ve bahirmukha jIva bahirAtmA haiM / jinheM svaparaviveka yA bhedavijJAna utpanna ho gayA hai, jinakI zarIra Adi bAhyapadArthoMse AtmadRSTi haTa gaI hai ve samyagdRSTi antarAtmA hai / jo samasta karmamala - kalaMkoMse rahita hokara zuddha cinmAtra svarUpameM magna hai ve paramAtmA haiM / yahI saMsArI AtmA apane svarUpakA yathArtha parijJAnakara antardRSTi ho kramazaH paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / ataH AtmadharmakI prApti yA bandhana mukti ke liye AtmatattvakA parijJAna nitAnta Avazyaka hai / cAritrakA AdhAra : cAritra arthAt ahiMsAkI sAdhanAkA mukhya AdhAra jIvatattvake svarUpa aura usake samAna adhikArako maryAdAkA tattvajJAna hI bana sakatA hai / jaba hama yaha jAnate aura mAnate haiM ki jagatameM vartamAna sabhI 'AtmAe~ akhaMDa aura mUlataH eka - eka svatantra samAnazaktivAle dravya haiM / jisa prakAra hameM apanI hiMsA rucikara nahIM haiM, hama usase vikala hote haiM aura
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________________ Atmatattva-nirUpaNa 221 apane jIvanako priya samajhate haiM, sukha cAhate haiM, du:khase ghabar3Ate haiM usI taraha anya AtmAe~ bhI yahI cAhatI hai / yahI hamArI AtmA anAdikAlase sUkSma nigoda, vRkSa, vanaspati, kor3A, makor3A, pazu, pakSI Adi aneka zarIroMko dhAraNa karatI rahI hai aura na jAne ise kauna-kauna zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3eMgeM / manuSyoMmeM jinheM hama nIca, achUta Adi kahakara duradurAte haiM aura apanI svArthapUrNa sAmAjika, rAjanaitika aura Arthika vyavasthAo aura bandhanoMse una samAnAdhikArI manuSyoM ke adhikAroMkA nirdalana karake unake vikAsako rokate haiM, una nIca aura achUtoMmeM bhI hama utpanna hue hoMgeM / Aja manameM dUsaroMke prati unhIM kutsita bhAvoMko jAgrata karake usa paristhitikA nirmANa avazya hI kara rahe hai jisase hamArI unhIMmeM utpanna hone kI hI adhika sambhAvanA / una sUkSma nigodase lekara manuSyoM taka hamAre sIdhe samparka meM AnevAle prANiyoMke mUlabhUta svarUpa aura adhikArako samajhe binA hama unapara karuNA, dayA Adike bhAva hI nahIM lA sakate, aura na samAnAdhikAramUlaka parama ahiMsA ke bhAva hI jAgrata kara sakate hai / cittameM jaba una samasta prANiyoM meM AtmaupamyakI puNya bhAvanA lahara mAratI hai tabhI hamArA pratyeka ucchvAsa unakI maMgalakAmanAse bharA huA nikalatA hai aura isa pavitra dharmako nahIM samajhanevAle saMgharSazIla hiMsakoMke zoSaNa aura nidarlanase pisatI huI AtmAke uddhArakI chaTapaTAhaTa utpanna ho sakatI hai / isa tattvajJAnakI suvAsase hI hamArI pariNati parapadArthoMke saMgraha aura parigrahako duSpravRttise haTakara lokakalyANa aura jIvasevAkI ora jhukatI hai / ata: ahiMsAkI sarvabhUtamaitrIkI utkRSTa sAdhanA ke lie sarvabhUtoMke svarUpa aura adhikArakA jJAna to pahale cAhiye hI / na kevala jJAna hI, kintu cAhiye usake prati dRr3haniSThA / isa sarvAtmasamatvakI mUlajyoti mahAvIra bananevAle kSatriyarAjakumAra vardhamAnake mana meM jagI thI aura tabhI ve prApta rAjavibhUtiko bandhana mAnakara bAhara-bhItarakI sabhI gA~The kholakara paramanirgrantha bane aura jagatameM mAnavatA
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________________ 222 jainadarzana ko varNabhedakI cakkImeM posanevAle tathokta uccAbhimAniyoMko jhakajhorakara eka bAra rukakara socanekA zItala vAtAvaraNa upasthita kara sake / unane apane tyAga aura tapasyAke sAdhaka jIvanase mahattAkA mApadaNDa hI badala diyA aura una samasta trAsita zoSita abhidrAvita aura pIr3ita manuSyatanadhAriyoMko Atmavat samajha dharmake kSetrameM samAnarUpase avasara denevAle samavasaraNako racanA kii| tAtparya yaha ki ahiMsAkI vividha prakArakI sAdhanAoMke lie AtmAke svarUpa aura usake mUla adhikAramaryAdAkA jJAna utanA hI Avazyaka hai jitanA ki parapadArthose viveka prApta karaneke lie 'para' pudgalakA jJAna / binA ina donoMkA vAstavika jJAna hue samyagdarzanakI vaha amarajyoti nahIM jala sakatI, jisake prakAzameM mAnavatA musakurAtI hai aura sarvAtmasamatAkA udaya hotA hai| isa AtmasamAnAdhikArakA jJAna aura usako jIvanameM utAraneko dRDhaniSTA hI sarvodayako bhUmikA ho sakatI hai| ataH vaiyaktika duHkhakI nivRtti tathA jagatameM zAnti sthApita karaneke lie jina vyaktiyoMse yaha jagata banA hai una vyaktiyoMke svarUpa aura adhikArakI sImAko hameM samajhanA hI hogaa| hama usakI taraphase A~kha mUMdakara tAtkAlika karuNA yA dayAke A~sU bahA bhI leM para usakA sthAyI ilAja nahIM kara sakate / ataH bhagavAn mahAvIrane bandhanamuktike liye jo 'baMdhA hai tathA jisase baMdhA hai' ina donoM tattvoMkA parijJAna Avazyaka btaayaa| binA isake bandhaparamparAke samUloccheda karanekA saGkalpa hI nahIM ho sakatA aura na cAritrake prati utsAha hI ho sakatA hai / cAritrakI preraNA to vicAroMse hI milatI hai| 2. ajIvatattva : jisa prakAra AtmatattvakA jJAna Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra jisa ajIvake sambandhase AtmA vikRta hotA hai, usameM vibhAvapariNati hotI hai
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________________ ajIvatattva-nirUpaNa 223 usa ajIvatattvake jJAnakI bhI AvazyakatA hai| jaba taka hama isa ajIva - tattvako nahIM jAneMge taba taka 'kina domeM bandha huA hai' yaha mUla bAta hI ajJAta raha jAtI hai| ajIvatattvameM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAlakA bhale hI sAmAnyajJAna ho; kyoMki inase AtmAkA koI bhalA burA nahIM hotA, parantu pudgala dravyakA kiMcit vizeSajJAna apekSita hai | zarIra, mana, indriyA~, zvAsocchvAsa aura vacana Adi saba pudgalakA hI hai / jisameM zarIra to cetanake saMsargase cetanAyamAna ho rahA haiM / jagata meM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzavAle yAvat padArtha paudgalika hai / pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni sabhI paudgalika hai / inameM kisI meM koI guNa prakaTa rahatA hai aura koI anudbhUta / yadyapi agnimeM rasa, vAyumeM rUpa aura jalameM gandha anudbhUta hai phira bhI ye saba pudgalajAtIya hI padArtha hai / zabda, prakAza, chAyA, andhakAra, sardI, garmI sabhI pudgala skandhoMkI avasthAe~ hai / mumukSuke lie zarIrakI paudgalikatAkA jJAna to isalie atyanta jarUrI hai ki usake jIvanakI AsaktikA mukhya kendra vahI hai / yadyapi Aja AtmAkA 66 pratizata vikAsa aura prakAza zarIrAdhIna hai, zarIrake purjoke bigar3ate hI vartamAna jJAna - vikAsa ruka jAtA hai aura zarIrake nAza honepara vartamAna zaktiyA~ prAyaH samApta ho jAtI hai, phira bhI AtmAkA apanA svataMtra astitva tela-battIse bhinna jyotiko taraha hai hI / zarIrakA aNu-aNu jisakI zaktise saMcAlita aura cetanAyamAna ho rahA hai vaha antaH jyoti dUsarI hI hai / yaha AtmA apane sUkSma kArmaNazarIra ke anusAra vartamAna sthUla zarIrake naSTa ho jAnepara dUsare sthUla zarIrako dhAraNA karatA hai / Aja to AtmAke sAttvika, rAjasa aura tAmasa sabhI prakArake vicAra aura saMskAra kArmaNazarIra aura prApta sthUla zarIrake anusAra hI vikasita ho rahe haiM / ata; mumukSuke lie isa zarIra -- mudgalakI prakRtikA parijJAna atyanta Avazyaka hai jisase vaha isakA upayoga AtmAke vikAsa meM kara sake, hAsameM nahIM / yadi
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________________ 224 jainadarzana AhAra-vihAra uttejaka hotA hai to kitanA hI pavitra vicAra karanekA prayAsa kiyA jAya, para saphalatA nahIM mila sktii| isaliye bure saMskAra aura vicAroMkA zamana karaneke lie yA kSINa karaneke lie unake prabala nimittabhUta zarIrakI sthiti AdikA parijJAna karanA hI hogaa| jina parapadArthose AtmAko virakta honA hai aura jinheM 'para' samajhakara unakI chonA-jhapaTIkI dvandvadazAse Upara uThanA hai aura unake parigraha aura saMgrahameM hI jIvanakA bahubhAga nahIM naSTa karanA hai to usa parako 'para' samajhanA hI hogaa| 3. bandhatattva : do padArthoM ke viziSTa sambandhako bandha kahate haiM / bandha do prakArakA hai-eka bhAvabandha aura dUsarA dravyabandha / jina rAga-dveSa aura moha Adi vikArI bhAvoMse karmakA bandhana hotA hai una bhAvoMko bhAvabandha kahate haiM karmapudgaloMkA AtmapradezoMse sambandha honA dravyabandha kahalAtA hai| dravyabandha AtmA aura pudgalakA sambandha hai / yaha to nizcita hai ki do dravyoMkA saMyoga hI ho sakatA hai, tAdAtmya arthAt ekatva nhiiN| do milakara eka dikheM, para ekakI sattA miTakara eka zeSa nahIM raha sktaa| jaba pudgalANu parasparameM bandhako prApta hote haiM to bhI ve eka vizeSa prakArake saMyogako hI prApta karate haiN| unameM snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa eka rAsAyanika mizraNa hotA hai, jisameM usa skandhake antargata sabhI paramANuoMkI paryAya badalatI hai aura ve aisI sthitimeM A jAte haiM ki amuka samaya taka una sabakI eka jaisI paryAya hotI rahatI hai| skandha apanemeM koI svataMtra dravya nahIM hai kintu vaha amuka paramANuoMko vizeSa avasthA hI hai aura apane AdhArabhUta paramANuoMke adhIna ho usakI dazA rahatI hai| pudgaloMke bandhameM yahI rAsAyanikatA hai ki usa avasthAmeM unakA svataMtra vilakSaNa pariNamana nahIM hokara prAyaH eka jaisA pariNamana hotA hai / parantu
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________________ bandhatatva-nirUpaNa 225 AtmA aura karmapudgaloM kA aisA rAsAyanika mizraNa ho hI nahIM sakatA / yaha bAta judA hai ki karmaskandhake A jAnese AtmAke pariNamanameM vilakSa tA zrA jAtI hai aura AtmAke nimittase karmaskandhakI pariNati vilakSaNa ho jAtI hai; para itane mAtrase ina donoMke sambandhako rAsAyanika mizraNa saMjJA nahIM dI jA sakatI; kyoMki jIva aura karmake bandhameM donoMkI ekajaisI paryAya nahIM hotI / jIvako paryAya cetanarUpa hotI hai aura pudgalakI acetanarUpa | pudgalakA pariNamana rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzAdirUpase hotA hai aura jIvakA caitanyake vikAsarUpase / cAra bandha : yaha vAstavika sthiti hai ki nUtana karmapudgaloMkA purAne ba~dhe hue karmazarIra ke sAtha rAsAyanika mizraNa ho jAya aura vaha nUtana karma usa purAne karmapudgala ke sAtha ba~dhakara umI skandhameM zAmila ho jAya aura hotA bhI yahI hai / purAne karmazarIrame pratikSaNa amuka paramANu khirate haiM aura usameM kucha dUsare naye zAmila hote hai / parantu AtmapradezoMse unakA bandha rAsAnika hargija nahIM hai / vaha to mAtra saMyoga hai / yahI pradezabandha kahalAtA hai / pradeza bandhakI vyAkhyA tattvArtha sUtra ( 8124 ) meM isa prakAra kI hai - "nAmapratyayAH sarvato yogavizeSAt sUkSmaikakSetrAvagAha sthitAH sarvAtmApradezeSvanantAnantapradezAH / " arthAt yogake kAraNa samasta Atma-pradezoMpara sabhI orase sUkSma karmapudgala Akara ekakSetrAvagAhI ho jAte hai-- jisa kSetra meM Atmapradeza hai usI kSetrame ve pudgala Thahara jAte haiM / isIkA nAma pradezabandha hai aura dravyabandha bhI yahI hai / ataH AtmA aura karmazarIrakA ekakSetrAvagAha ke sivAya anya koI rAsAyanika mizraNa nahIM ho sakatA | rAsAyanika mizraNa yadi hotA hai to prAcIna karmapudgaloMse hI navIna karmapudgaloMkA AtmapradezoMse nahIM / jIvake rAgAdibhAvoMse jo yoga arthAt AtpradezoM meM halana calana hotA 15
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________________ 226 jainadarzana hai usase karmake yogyaM pudgala khiMcate haiN| ve sthUla zarIrake bhItarase bhI khicate haiM aura bAharase bhii| isa yogase una karmavargaNAoMmeM prakRti arthAt svabhAva par3atA hai| yadi ve karmapudgala kisIke jJAnameM bAdhA DAlane vAlI kriyAse khice haiM to unameM jJAnake AvaraNa karanekA svabhAva par3egA aura yadi rAgAdi kaSAyoMse khice haiM, to caritrake naSTa krnekaa| tAtparya yaha ki Ae hue karmapudgaloMko AtmapradezoMse ekakSetrAvagAhI kara denA tathA unameM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa Adi svabhAvoMkA par3a jAnA yogase hotA hai / inheM pradezabandha aura prakRtibandha kahate haiM / kapAyoMkI tIvratA aura mandatAke anusAra usa karmapudgalameM sthiti aura phala denekI zakti par3atI hai, yaha sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kahalAtA hai / ye donoM bandha kaSAyase hote haiN| kevalI arthAt jIvanmukta vyaktiko rAgAdi kaSAya nahIM hotI, ataH unake yogake dvArA jo karmapudgala Ate haiM ve dvitIya samayameM jhar3a jAte haiN| unakA sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha nahIM hotaa| yaha bandhacakra, jabataka rAga, dveSa, moha aura vAsanAe~ Adi vibhAva bhAva haiM, taba taka barAbara calatA rahatA hai| 3. Asrava-tattva : mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca bandhake kAraNa haiN| inheM Asrava-pratyaya bhI kahate haiN| jina bhAvoMse karmokA Asrava hotA hai unheM bhAvAtra va kahate hai aura karma dravyakA AnA dravyAsrava kahalAtA hai| pudgaloMmeM karmatvaparyAyakA vikAsa honA bhI dravyAsrava kahA jAtA hai| AtmapradezoM taka unakA AnA bhI dravyAsrava hai / yadyapi inhIM mithyAtva Adi bhAvoMko bhAvabandha kahA hai / parantu prathamakSaNabhAvo ye bhAva cUMki karmoko khIMcaneko sAkSAt kAraNabhUta yogakriyAmeM nimitta hote haiM ataH bhAvAsrava kahe jAte haiM aura agrimakSaNabhAvI bhAva bhAvabandha / bhAvAsrava jaisA tIvra, manda aura madhyama hotA hai, tajjanya AtmapradezoMkA parispanda
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________________ Asravatattva-nirUpaNa 227 arthAtyoga kriyAse karma bhI vaise hI Ate hai aura AtmapradezoMse baMdhate haiN| mithyAtva : ina AsravoMmeM mukhya anantakarmabandhaka hai mithyAtva arthAt mithyAdRSTi / yaha jIva apane AtmasvarUpako bhUlakara zarIrAdi paradravyameM Atmabuddhi karatA hai / isake samasta vicAra aura kriyAe~ zarIrAzrita vyavahAroMmeM ulajhI rahatI hai / laukika yaza, lAbha AdikI dRSTise yaha dharmakA AcaraNa karatA hai| ise svaparaviveka nahIM rhtaa| padArthoke svarUpameM bhrAnti banI rahatI hai| tAtparya yaha ki kalyANamArgameM isakI samyak zraddhA nahIM hotii| yaha mithyAtva sahaja aura gRhIta do prakArakA hotA hai| ina donoM mithyAdRSTiyoMse ise tattvaruci jAgRta nahIM hotii| yaha aneka prakArako deva, guru tathA loka mUDhatAoMko dharma mAnatA hai / aneka prakArake U~canIca bhedoMkI sRSTi karake mithyA ahaMkArakA poSaNa karatA hai / jisa kisI devako, jisa kisI bhI veSadhArI guruko, jisa kisI bhI zAstrako bhaya, AzA, sneha aura lobhase mAnaneko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| na usakA apanA koI siddhAnta hotA hai aura na vyavahAra / thor3ese pralobhanase vaha sabhI anartha karaneko prastuta ho jAtA hai / jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi, tapa aura zarIrake madase matta hotA hai aura dUsaroMko tuccha samajha unakA tiraskAra karatA hai / bhaya, svArtha,ghRNA, paranindA Adi durguNoMkA kendra hotA hai| isakI samasta pravRttiyoMke mUlame eka hI kuTeva rahatI hai, aura vaha hai svarUpavibhrama / use AtmasvarUpakA koI zraddhAna nahIM hotA, ataH vaha bAhyapadArthomeM lubhAyA rahatA hai| yahI mithyAdRSTi samasta doSoMko jananI hai, isIse ananta saMsArakA bandha hotA hai| avirati : sadAcAra yA cAritra dhAraNa karanekI ora ruci yA pravRtti nahIM honA avirati hai / manuSya kadAcit cAhe bhI, para kaSAyoMkA aisA tIvra udaya
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________________ 228 jainadarzana hotA hai jisase na to vaha sakalacAritra dhAraNa kara pAtA hai aura na dezacAritra ho| ___ krodhAdi kaSAyoMke cAra bheda cAritrako rokaneko zaktikI apekSAse bhI hote hai1. anantAnubandhI-ananta saMsArakA bandha karAnevAlI, svarUpAcaraNa cAritra na hone denevAlI, pattharakI rekhAke samAna kaSAya / yaha mithyAtvake sAtha rahatI hai| 2. apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa-dezacAritra arthAt zrAvakake aNuvratoMko rokane vAlI, miTTIko rekhAke samAna kaSAya / 3. pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa-sakalacAritrako na hone denevAlI, dhUlikI rekhAke samAna kaSAya / 4. saMjvalana kaSAya-pUrNa cAritrameM kiMcit doSa utpanna karanevAlI, jalarekhAke samAna kaSAya / isake udayase yathAkhyAta cAritra nahIM ho paataa| isa taraha indriyoMke viSayoMmeM tathA prANiviSayaka asaMyamameM niragala pravRtti honese karmokA Asrava hotA hai| pramAda: asAvadhAnIko pramAda kahate haiM / kuzala karmomeM anAdara honA pramAda hai / pA~coM indriyoMke viSayameM lIna honeke kAraNa; rAjakathA, corakathA, strIkathA aura bhojanakathA Adi vikathAoMmeM rasa leneke kAraNa; krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoMse kaluSita honeke kAraNa; tathA nidrA aura praNayameM magna honeke kAraNa kuzala karttavya mArgameM anAdarakA bhAva utpanna hotA hai / isa asAvadhAnIse kuzalakarmake prati anAsthA to hotI hI hai sAtha-hI-sAtha hiMsAko bhUmikA bhI taiyAra hone lagatI hai|
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________________ 229 Asravatattva-nirUpaNa hiMsAke mukhya hetuoMmeM pramAdakA pramukha sthAna hai| dUsare prANIkA ghAta ho yA na ho, pramAdI vyaktiko hiMsAkA doSa sunizcita hai| prayatnapUrvaka pravRtti karanevAle apramatta sAdhakake dvArA bAhya hiMsA honepara bhI vaha ahiMsaka hI hai| ataH pramAda hiMsAkA mukhya dvAra hai| isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIrane bAra-bAra gautama gaNadharako cetAyA thA ki "samayaM goyama mA pamAyae" arthAt gautama, kSaNabhara bhI pramAda na kara / kaSAya : AtmAkA svarUpa svabhAvataH zAnta aura nirvikArI hai| para krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kapAyeM use kasa detI hai aura svarUpase cyuta kara detI hai| ye cAroM AtmAkI vibhAva dazAe~ hai / krodha kAya dveparUpa hai| yaha dveSakA kAraNa aura dveSakA kArya hai| mAna yadi krodhako utpanna karatA hai to dveSarUpa hai / lobha rAgarUpa hai / mAyA yadi lobhako jAgRta karatI hai to rAgarUpa hai / tAtparya yaha ki rAga, dvepa aura mohako doSa-tripuTImeM kaSAyakA bhAga hI mukhya hai| moharUpI mithyAtvake dUra ho jAnepara samyagdRSTiko rAga aura dveSa bane rahate hai| inameM lobha kaSAya to pada, pratiSThA, yazakI lipsA aura saMghavRddhi Adike rUpame bar3e-bar3e muniyoMko bhI svarUpasthita nahIM hone detii| yaha rAga-dveparUpa dvanda hI samasta anarthokA mUla hai / yahI pramukha Amrava hai| nyAyasUtra, gItA aura pAlI piTakoMmeM bhI isa dvandvako pApakA mUla batAyA hai / jainAgamoMkA pratyeka vAkya kaSAya-zamanakA hI upadeza detA hai| jaina upAsanAkA Adarza parama nirgrantha dazA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina mUrtiyAM vItarAgatA aura akiJcanatAko pratIka hotI hai| na unameM dveSakA sAdhana Ayudha hai aura na rAgakA AdhAra strI AdikA sAhacarya hii| ve sarvathA nirvikAra hokara paramavItarAgatA aura akiJcanatAkA pAvana saMdeza detI haiN| ina kaSAyoMke sivAya hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya jugupsA,
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________________ 230 jainadarzana strIveda, puruSaveda aura napuMsakaveda ye nava nokaSAyeM hai| inake kAraNa bhI AtmAmeM vikArapariNati utpanna hotI hai / ataH ye bhI Asrava hai| yoga: mana, vacana aura kAyake nimittase AtmAke pradezoMme jo parispanda arthAt kriyA hotI hai use 'yoga' kahate hai| yogakI sAdhAraNa prasiddhi yogabhASya AdimeM yadyapi cittavRtti ke nirodharUpa dhyAnake arthame hai, parantu jaina paramparAmeM cUMki mana, vacana aura kAyase honevAlI AtmAkI kriyA karmaparamANuoMse AtmAkA yoga arthAt sambandha karAtI hai, isalie ise hI yoga kahate hai aura isake nirodhako dhyAna kahate hai / AtmA sakriya hai, usake pradezoMme parispanda hotA hai| mana, vacana aura kAyake nimittase sadA usameM kriyA hotI rahatI hai| yaha kriyA jIvanmuktake bhI varAbara hotI hai| paramamuktise kucha samaya pahale ayogakevalI avasthAme mana, vacana aura kAyako kriyAkA nirodha hotA hai, aura taba AtmA nirmala aura nizcala bana jAtA hai / siddha avasthAmeM AtmAke pUrNa zuddha rUpakA Avi rbhAva hotA hai / na to usameM karmajanya malinatA hI rahatI hai aura na yogakI caMcalatA hii| saca pUchA jAya to yoga hI Asrava hai| isIke dvArA karmoMkA Agamana hotA hai / zubha yoga puNyakarmakA Asrava karAtA hai aura azubhayoga paapkrmkaa| sabakA zubha cintana yAnI ahiMsaka vicAradhArA zubha manoyoga hai / hita, mita, priya vacana bolanA zubha vacanayoga hai aura parako bAdhA na denevAlI yatnAcArapUrvaka pravRtti zubhakAya yoga hai| aura inase viparIta cintana, vacana tathA kAya-pravRtti azubha mana-vacana-kAyayoga hai| do Asrava : sAmAnyatayA Asrava do prakArakA hotA hai| eka to kaSAyAnuraMjita yogase honevAlA sAmparAyika Asrava-jo bandhakA hetu hokara saMsArako vRddhi karatA hai| dUsarA mAtra yogase honevAlA IryApatha Asrava-jo kaSAya
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________________ mokSa tattva-nirUpaNa 231 kA pa na honeke kAraNa Age bandhana nahIM kraataa| yaha Asrava jIvanmukta mahAtmAnoMke jaba taka zarIrakA sambandha hai, taba taka hotA hai / isa taraha yoga aura kaSAya, dUsareke jJAnameM bAdhA pahu~cAnA, dUsareko kaSTa pahu~cAnA, dUsarekI nindA karanA Adi jisa-jisa prakArake jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya Adi kriyAyoMmeM saMlagna hote hai, usa-usa prakArase una-rana karmoMkA Asrava aura vandha karAte hai| jo kriyA pradhAna hoto hai usase usa karmakA bandha vizeSarUpase hotA hai, zeSa karmokA gauNa / parabhavameM zarIrAdiko prAptike lie Ayu karmakA Amrava vartamAna Ayuke tribhAgameM hotA hai / zepa mAta karmokA Asrava pratimamaya hotA rahatA hai| 4. mokSatattva : bandhana-muktiko mokSa kahate hai / bandhake kAraNoMkA abhAva honepara tathA saMcita karmokI nirjarA honese mamasta karmokA samUla uccheda honA mokSa hai| AtmAkI vaibhAvikI zaktikA maMgAra avasthAme vibhAva pariNamana hotA hai| vibhAva pariNamanake nimitta haTa jAnese mokSa dazAmeM umakA svAbhAvika pariNamana ho jAtA hai / jo AtmAke guNa vikRta ho rahe the ve hI svAbhAvika dazAmeM A jAte hai| mithyAdarzana samyagdarzana bana jAtA hai, ajJAna jJAna bana jAtA hai aura acAritra cAritra / isa dazAmeM AtmAkA sArA nakazA hI badala jAtA hai / jo AtmA anAdi kAlase mithyAdarzana Adi azuddhiyoM aura kaluSatAoMkA puJja banA huA thA, vahI nirmala, nizcala aura ananta caitanyamaya ho jAtA hai| usakA Age sadA zuddha pariNamana hI hotA hai| vaha nistaraMga samudrako taraha nirvikalpa, nizcila aura nirmala ho jAtA hai / na to nirvANa dazAmeM AtmAkA abhAva hotA hai aura na vaha acetana hI ho jAtA hai| jaba AtmA eka svatantra maulika dravya hai, taba usake abhAvakI yA usake guNoMke ucchedakI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| pratikSaNa kitane hI parivartana hote jAya, para vizvake raMgamaJcase usakA samUla uccheda nahIM ho sktaa|
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________________ 232 jainadarzana dIpanirvANakI taraha AtmanirvANa nahIM hotA : buddhase jaba prazna kiyA gayA ki 'maraneke bAda tathAgata hote haiM yA nahIM ?' to unhoMne isa praznako avyAkRta koTi meM DAla diyA thaa| yahI kAraNa huA ki buddhake ziSyoMne nirvANake sambandhameM aneka prakArako kalpanAe~ kii| eka nirvANa vaha, jisameM cittasantati nirAsrava ho jAtI hai, yAnI cittakA maila dhula jAtA hai| ise 'sopadhizeSa' nirvANa kahate hai| dUsarA nirvANa vaha, jisameM dIpakake samAna cittasaMtati bhI bujha jAtI hai arthAt usakA astitva hI samApta ho jAtA hai| yaha 'nirupadhizeSa' nirvANa kahalAtA hai| rUpa, vedanA, vijJAna, saMjJA aura saMskAra ina paMca skandharUpa AtmA mAnanekA yaha sahaja pariNAma thA ki nirvANa dazAmeM usakA astitva na rhe| Azcarya hai ki buddha nirvANa aura AtmAke paralokagAmitvakA nirNaya batAye binA hI mAtra duHkhanivRttike sarvAGgINa aucityakA samarthana karate rahe / yadi nirvANameM cittasantatikA nirodha ho jAtA hai, vaha dIpakakI lau kI taraha bujha jAtI hai, to buddha ucchedavAdake doSase kaise baca sake ? AtmAke nAstitvase inakAra to ve isI bhayase karate the ki AtmAko nAsti mAnA jAtA hai to cArvAkakI taraha ucchedavAdakA prasaMga AtA hai| nirvANa avasthAmeM uccheda mAnane aura maraNake bAda uccheda mAnanemeM tAttvika dRSTise koI antara nahIM hai| balki cArvAkakA sahaja uccheda sabako sukara kyA anAyAsasAdhya honese sugrAhya hogA aura buddhakA nirvANottara uccheda aneka prakArake brahmacaryavAsa aura dhyAna Adike kaSTase sAdhya honeke kAraNa durgrAhya hogaa| jaba cittasaMtati bhautika nahIM hai aura usakI saMsAra kAlameM pratisaMdhi (paralokagamana ) hotI hai, taba nirvANa avasthAmeM usake samUlocchedakA koI aucitya samajha meM nahIM aataa| ataH mokSa avasthAmeM usa citasaMtatiko sattA mAnanA
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________________ mokSatattva-nirUpaNa 233 hI cAhie jo ki anAdikAlase AsravamaloMse malina ho rahI thI aura jise sAdhanAke dvArA nirAsrava avasthAmeM pahuMcAyA gayA hai| tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA ( pRSTha 104 ) meM AcArya kamalazIlane saMsAra aura nirvANake svarUpakA pratipAdana karanevAlA yaha prAcIna zloka uddhRta kiyA hai "cittameva hi saMsAro rAgAdiklezavAsitam / tadeva tairvinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kathyate // " arthAt-rAgAdi kleza aura vAsanAmaya cittako saMsAra kahate haiM aura jaba vahI citta rAgAdi kleza aura vAsanAoMse mukta ho jAtA hai, taba use bhavAnta arthAt nirvANa kahate haiN| isa zlokameM pratipAdita saMsAra aura mokSakA svarUpa hI yuktisiddha aura anubhavagamya hai / cittakI rAgAdi avasthA saMsAra hai aura usIkI rAgAdirahitatA mokSa hai| ataH samasta karmoMke kSayase honevAlA svarUpa-lAbha hI mokSa hai| AtmAke abhAva yA caitanyake ucchedako mokSa nahIM kaha sakate / rogako nivRttikA nAma Arogya hai, na ki rogIko nivRtti yA samApti / dUsare zabdoMmeM svAsthyalAbhako Arogya kahate hai, na ki rogake sAtha-sAtha rogIkI mRtyu yA smaaptiko| nirvANameM jJAnAdi guNoMkA sarvathA uccheda nahIM hotA ___ vaizeSika buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dvepa, prayatna, dharma, adharma aura saMskAra ina nava vizeSaguNoMke ucchedako mokSa kahate haiN| inakA mAnanA hai ki ina vizeSaguNoMko utpatti AtmA aura manake saMyogase hotI hai / manake saMyogake haTa jAnese ye guNa mokSa avasthAmeM utpanna nahIM hote aura 1. "muktinirmalatA dhiyaH |"-tttvsNgrh pRSTha 184 / 2. "AtmalAmaM vidumokSa jIvasyAntarmalakSayAt / nAbhAvo nApyacaitanyaM na caitanyamanarthakam // " -siddhivi0 pR. 384 /
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________________ 234 jainadarzana AtmA usa dazAmeM nirguNa ho jAtA hai| jahA~ taka icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma, saMskAra aura sAMsArika duHkha-sukhakA prazna hai, ye saba karmajanya avasthAyeM haiM, ataH muktimeM inakI sattA nahIM rhtii| para buddhikA arthAt jJAnakA, jo ki AtmAkA nija guNa hai, uccheda sarvathA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / hA~, saMsAra avasthAmeM jo khaMDajJAna mana aura indriyake saMyogase utpanna hotA thA, vaha avazya hI mokSa avasthAmeM nahIM rahatA, para jo isakA svarUpabhUta caitanya hai, jo indriya aura manase pare hai, usakA uccheda kisI bhI taraha nahIM ho sakatA / Akhira nirvANa avasthAme jaba AtmAkI svarUpasthiti vaizepikako svIkRta hI hai taba yaha svarUpa yadi koI ho sakatA hai to vaha usakA indriyAtIta caitanya hI ho sakatA hai| maMsAra avasthAma yahI caitanya indriya, mana aura padArtha Adike nimittase nAnAvidha viSayAkAra buddhiyoMke rUpameM pariNati karatA thaa| ina upAdhiyoMke haTa jAnepara usakA svasvarUpamagna honA svAbhAvika hI hai / karmake kSayopazamase honevAle kSAyopazamika jJAna tathA karmajanya sukhaduHkhAdikA vinAza to jaina bhI mokSa avasthAmeM mAnate hai, para usake nija caitanyakA vinAza to svarUpocchedaka honese kathamapi svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| milinda-praznake nirvANa varNanakA tAtparya : milinda-praznameM nirvANakA jo varNana hai usake nimnalikhita vAkya dhyAna dene yogya hai / "tRSNAke nirodha ho jAnese upAdAnakA nirodha ho jAtA hai, upAdAnake nirodhase bhavakA nirodha ho jAtA hai, bhavakA nirodha honese janma lenA banda ho jAtA hai, punarjanmake banda honese bUr3hA honA, maranA, zoka, ronA, poTanA, duHkha, becainI aura parezAno sabhI duHkha ruka jAte haiM / mahArAja, isa taraha nirodha ho jAnA hI nirvANa hai|"(pR085) "nirvANa na karmake kAraNa, na hetuke kAraNa aura na Rtuke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai / " (pR0 326 )
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________________ mokSatatva nirUpaNa 235 "hA~ mahArAja, nirvANa nirguNa hai, kisIne ise banAyA nahIM hai / nirvANake sAtha utpanna hone aura na utpanna honekA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai athavA nahIM, isakA bhI prazna nahIM AtA / nirvANa vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSyata tInoM kAloMke pare hai | nirvANa na A~khase dekhA jA sakatA hai, na kAnase sunA jA sakatA hai, na nAkase sU~ghA jA sakatA hai, na jIbhase cakhA jA sakatA hai aura na zarIrase chuA jA sakatA hai | nirvANa manase jAnA jA sakatA hai / arhat padako pAkara bhikSu vizuddha, praNIta, Rju tathA AvaraNoM aura mAsArika kAmose rahita manase nirvANako dekhatA hai / " ( pR0 332 ) "nirvANa meM sukha hI sukha hai, duHkhakA leza bhI nahIM rahatA " ( pR0 386 ) "mahArAja, nirvAName aisI koI bhI bAta nahI hai, upamAe~ dikhA, vyAkhyA kara, tarka aura kAraNake sAtha nirvANake rUpa, sthAna, kAla yA DIlaDaula nahIM dikhAye jA sakate / " ( pR0 388 ) " mahArAja jisa taraha kamala pAnIse sarvathA alipta rahatA hai usI taraha nirvANa sabhI klezose alipta rahatA hai / nirvANa bhI logAMkI kAmatRSNA, bhavatRSNA aura vibhavatRSNAkI pyAmako dUra kara detA hai / " ( pR0391) "nirvANa davAkI taraha klezarUpI vipako zAnta karatA hai, duHkharUpI rogoMkA anta karatA hai aura amRtarUpa hai / vaha mahAsamudrakI taraha aparampAra hai / vaha AkAzakI taraha na paidA hotA hai, na purAnA hotA hai, na maratA hai, na AvAgamana karatA hai, durjJeya hai, coroMsa nahIM curAyA jA sakatA, kisI dUsare para nirbhara nahIM rahatA, svacchanda khulA aura ananta / vaha maNiratnakI taraha sArI icchAoMko pUrA kara detA hai, manohara hai, prakAzamAna hai aura bar3e kAmakA hotA hai / vaha lAla candanakI taraha durlabha, nirAlI gaMdhavAlA aura sajjanoM dvArA prazaMsita hai / vaha pahAr3akI coTI kI taraha atyanta hI U~cA, acala, agamya, rAga-dveSarahita aura kleza
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________________ 236 jainadarzana bIjoMke upajaneke ayogya hai| vaha jagaha na to pUrva dizAko ora hai, na pazcima dizAkI ora, na uttara dizAkI ora, aura na dakSiNa dizAkI ora, na Upara, na nIce aura na Ter3he / jahA~ ki nirvANa chipA hai / nirvANake pAye jAneko koI jagaha nahIM hai, phira bhI nirvANa hai| saccI rAha para cala, manako ThIka ora lagA nirvANakA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai|" (pR0 362-403 taka hindI anuvAdakA sAra ) ___ina avataraNoMse yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki buddha nirvANakA koI sthAnavizeSa nahIM mAnate the aura na kisI kAlavizeSameM utpanna yA anutpannako carcA isake sambandhameM kI jA sakatI hai| vaise usakA jo svarUpa "indriyAtIta sukhamaya, janma, jarA, mRtyu Adike kalezoMse zUnya" ityAdi zabdoMke dvArA varNita hotA hai, vaha zUnya yA abhAvAtmaka nirvANakA na hokara sukharUpa nirvANakA hai| nirvANako buddhane AkAzakI taraha asaMskRta kahA hai| asaMskRtakA artha hai jisake utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya na hoM / jisakI utpatti yA anutpatti AdikA koI vivecana nahIM ho sakatA ho, vaha asaMskRta padArtha hai| mAdhyamika kArikAkI saMskRta-parIkSAmeM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyako saMskRtakA lakSaNa batAyA hai| so yadi yaha asaMskRtatA nirvANake sthAnake sambandhameM hai to ucita hI hai; kyoki yadi nirvANa kisI sthAnavizepapara hai, to vaha jagatakI taraha santatiko dRSTise anAdi ananta hI hogA; usake utpAda-anutpAdako carcA hI vyartha hai / kintu usakA svarUpa janma, jarA, mRtyu Adi samasta klezoMse rahita sukhamaya hI ho sakatA hai / azvaghoSane sodaranandameM ( 16 / 28,26 ) nirvANa prApta AtmAke sambandhameM jo yaha likhA hai ki telake cuka jAne para dIpaka jisa taraha na kisI dizAko, na kisI vidizAko, na AkAzako aura na pRthvIko 1. zloka pR0 139 para dekho|
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________________ mokSatatva-nirUpaNa 237 jAtA hai, kintu kevala bujha jAtA hai, usI taraha kRtI klezoMkA kSaya hone para kisI dizA - vidizA, AkAza yA pAtAlako nahI jAkara zAnta ho jAtA hai / yaha varNana nirvANake sthAnavizeSakI tarapha hI lagatA hai, na ki svarUpakI tarapha / jisa taraha saMsArI AtmAkA nAma, rUpa aura AkArAdi batAyA jA sakatA hai, usa taraha nirvANa avasthAko prApta vyaktikA svarUpa nahI samajhAyA jA sakatA / vastuta: buddhane AtmAke svarUpake praznako hI jaba avyAkRta karAra diyA, taba usakI avasthAvizeSa - nirvANake sambandhame vivAda honA svAbhAvika hI thA / bhagavAn mahAvIrane mokSake svarUpa aura sthAna donoke sambandha me sayuktika vivecana kiyA hai / samasta karmoke vinAzake bAda AtmAke nirmala aura nizcala caitanyasvarUpakI prApti hI mokSa hai aura mokSa avasthAme yaha jIva samasta sthUla aura sUkSma zArIrika bandhanose sarvathA mukta hokara lokake agrabhAga me antima zarIra ke AkAra hokara ThaharatA hai / Age gati ke sahAyaka dharmadravyake na honese gati nahI hotI / mokSa na ki nirvANa : jaina paramparAme mokSa zabda vizeSa rUpame vyavahRta hotA hai aura usakA sIdhA artha hai chUTanA arthAt anAdikAlase jina karmabandhanose yaha AtmA jakar3A huA thA, una bandhanokI paratantratAko kATa denA / bandhana kaTa jAne para jo baMdhA thA, vaha svatantra ho jAtA hai / yahI usakI mukti hai / kintu bauddha paramparAme 'nirvANa' arthAt dIpakakI taraha bujha jAnA, isa zabdakA prayoga honese usake svarUpame hI guTAlA ho gayA hai / klezoke bujhanekI jagaha AtmAkA bujhanA hI nirvANa samajha liyA gayA hai / karmoke nAza karane kA artha bhI itanA hI hai ki karmapudgala jIvase bhinna ho jAte haiM, unakA atyanta vinAza nahI hotA / kisI bhI sankA atyanta vinAza 1. jIvAda vizleSaNaM bhedaH sato nAtyantasaMkSayaH / " Aptapa0 zlo0 115 /
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________________ 238 jainadarzana na kabhI huA hai aura na hogA / paryAyAntara honA hI 'nAza' kahA jAtA hai / jo karmapudgala amuka AtmAke sAtha saMyukta honeke kAraNa usa AtmAke guNoMkA ghAta karane kI vajahase usake lie karmatva paryAyako dhAraNa kiye the, mokSameM unakI karmatva paryAya naSTa ho jAtI hai / yAnI jisa prakAra AtmA karmabandhanase chUTa kara zuddha siddha ho jAtA hai usI taraha karmapudgala bhI apanI karmatva paryAyase usa samaya mukta ho jAte hai / yoM to siddha-sthAnapara rahane vAlI AtmAoMke sAtha pudgaloM yA skandhoMkA saMyoga sambandha hotA rahatA hai, para una pudgaloMkI unake prati karmatva paryAya nahIM hotI, ataH vaha bandha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ataH jaina paramparAmeM AtmA aura karmapudgalakA sambandha chUTa jAnA hI mokSa hai / isa mokSa meM donoM dravya apane nija svarUpameM bane rahate haiM, na to AtmA dIpakakI taraha bujha jAtA hai aura na karmapudgalakA hI sarvathA samUla nAza hotA hai / donoMko paryAyAntara ho jAtI hai / jIvakI zuddha dazA aura pudgalakI yathAsaMbhava zuddha yA azuddha koI bhI avasthA ho jAtI hai / 5. saMvara-tattva : saMvara rokaneko kahate hai / surakSAkA nAma saMvara hai / jina dvAroMse karmoMkA Asrava hotA thA, una dvAroMkA nirodha kara denA saMvara kahalAtA hai / Asrava yogase hotA hai, ataH yogakI nivRtti hI mUlataH saMvarake padapara pratiSThita ho sakatI hai / kintu mana, vacana aura kAyakI pravRttiko sarvathA rokanA saMbhava nahIM hai / zArIrika AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti ke liye AhAra karanA, malamUtrakA visarjana karanA, calanA-phiranA, bolanA, rakhanA, uThAnA Adi kriyAe~ karanA hI par3atI hai / ataH jitane aMzoMmeM mana, vacana aura kAyako kriyAoMkA nirodha hai, utane aMzako gupti kahate haiM / gupti arthAt rakSA / mana, vacana aura kAyakI akuzala pravRttiyoMse rakSA karanA / yaha gupti hI saMvarakA sAkSAt kAraNa hai / guptike
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________________ saMvaratattva-nirUpaNa 239 atirikta samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritra Adise bhI saMvara hotA hai / samiti AdimeM jitanA nivRttikA aMza hai utanA saMvarakA kAraNa hotA hai aura pravRttikA aMza zubha bandhakA hetu hotA hai / samiti : - samiti arthAt samyak pravRtti, sAvadhAnIse kArya karanA / samiti pA~ca prakArakI hai / IryA samiti - cAra hAtha zrAge dekhakara calanA / bhASA samiti -- hita- mita- priya vacana bolanA / eSaNA samiti - vidhipUrvaka nirdoSa AhAra lenA | AdAna- nikSepaNa samiti -- dekha - zodhakara kisI vastukA rakhanA, uThAnA / utsarga samiti - dekha zodhakara nirjantu sthAnapara malamUtrAdikA visarjana karanA / dharma : AtmasvarUpakI ora le jAnevAle aura samAjako saMdhAraNa karanevAle vicAra aura pravRttiyA~ dharma hai / dharma daza hai / uttamakSamA -- krodhakA tyAga karanA / krodhake kAraNa upasthita honepara vastusvarUpakA vicAra - kara vivekajalase use zAnta karanA / jo kSamA kAyaratAke kAraNa ho aura AtmAmeM dInatA utpanna kare vaha dharma nahIM hai, vaha kSamAbhAsa hai, dUSaNa hai / uttama mArdava - mRdutA, komalatA, vinayabhAva, mAnakA tyAga / jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi, tapa aura zarIra Adiko kiMcit viziSTatA ke kAraNa AtmasvarUpako na bhUlanA, inakA mada na car3hane denA / ahaMkAra dopa hai aura svabhimAna guNa / ahaMkAra meM dUsarekA tiraskAra chipA hai aura svAbhimAnameM dUsareke mAnakA sammAna hai / uttama Arjava - RjutA, saralatA, mAyAcArakA tyAga | mana vacana aura kAyakI kuTilatAko chor3anA / jo manameM ho, vahI vacanameM aura tadanusAra hI kAyakI ceSTA ho, jIvana-vyavahAra meM ekarUpatA ho saralatA guNa
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________________ 240 jainadarzana hai aura bhoMdUpana doSa / uttama zauca-zucitA, pavitratA, nirlobha vRtti, pralobhanameM nahIM phaMsanA / lobha kaSAyakA tyAgakara manameM pavitratA laanaa| zauca guNa hai, parantu bAhya solA aura caukApaMtha Adike kAraNa chU-chu karake dUsaroMse ghRNA karanA doSa hai| uttama satya-prAmANikatA, vizvAsaparipAlana, tathya aura spaSTa bhASaNa / saca bolanA dharma hai, parantu paranindAke abhiprAyase dUsaroMke doSoMkA DhiMDhorA pITanA doSa hai / parako bAdhA pahu~cAnevAlA satya bhI kabhI doSa ho sakatA hai| uttama saMyama-indriya-vijaya aura prANi-rakSA / pA~coM indriyoMkI viSaya-pravRttipara aMkuza rakhanA, unakI nirargala pravRttiko rokanA, indriyoMko vazameM krnaa| prANiyoMkI rakSAkA dhyAna rakhate hue, khAna-pAna aura jIvana-vyahArako ahiMsAkI bhUmikApara calAnA / saMyama guNa hai, para bhAvazUnya bAhya kriyAkANDakA atyadhika Agraha doSa hai| uttamatapa-icchAnirodha / manako AzA aura tRSNAoMko rokakara prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya ( sevA ), svAdhyAya aura vyutsarga ( parigrahatyAga ) kI ora cittavRttikA mor3anA / dhyAna karanA bho tapa hai| upavAsa, ekAzana, rasatyAga, ekantavAsa, mauna, kAyakleza, zarIrako sukumAra na hone denA Adi bAhya tapa hai| icchAnivRtti karake akiMcana bananArUpa tapa guNa hai aura mAtra kAyakleza karanA, paMcAgni tapanA, haThayogakI kaThina kriyAe~ Adi bAlatapa haiN| uttamatyAga-dAna denA, tyAgako bhUmikApara aanaa| zaktyanusAra bhUkhoMko bhojana, rogIko auSadhi, ajJAnanivRttike lie jJAnake sAdhana juTAnA aura prANimAtrako abhaya denaa| deza aura samAjake nirmANake liye tana, dhana AdikA tyAga / lAbha, pUjA aura khyAti Adike uddezyase kiyA jAnevAlA tyAga yA dAna uttama tyAga nahIM hai| uttama AkiJcanya-akiJcanabhAva, bAhyapadArthoMmeM mamatvakA tyAga / dhana-dhAnya Adi bAhya parigraha tathA zarIrameM yaha merA nahIM hai, AtmAkA dhana to usake caitanya Adi guNa haiM, 'nAsti me kiMcana'-merA kucha nahIM, Adi bhAvanAe~ AkiJcanya haiM / bhautikatAse haTakara vizuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTi
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________________ saMvaratattva-nirUpaNa 241 prApta karanA / uttama brahmacarya-brahma arthAt AtmasvarUpame vicaraNa karanA / strI-sukhase virakta hokara samasta zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika zaktiyoko AtmavikAsonmukha krnaa| manako zuddhike binA kevala zArIrika brahmacarya na to zarIrako hI lAbha pahu~cAtA hai aura na mana tathA AtmAme hI pavitratA lAtA hai| anupekSA: sadvicAra, uttama bhAvanAe~ aura Atmacintana anuprekSA hai| jagatako anityatA, azaraNatA, saMsArakA svarUpa, AtmAkA akelA hI phala bhoganA, dehakI bhinnatA aura usakI apavitratA, gagAdibhAvoko heyatA, sadAcArakI upAdeyatA, lokasvarUpakA cintana aura bodhiko durlabhatA AdikA bArabAra vicAra karake cittako susaMskArI banAnA, jisase vaha dvandva dazAme samatAbhAva rakha ske| ye bhAvanAe~ cittako AsravakI orase haTAkara saMvarakI tarapha jhukAtI hai| parISahajaya : ___ sAdhakako bhUkha, pyAsa, ThaMDI, garamI, DAMsa-macchara, calane-phirane-sone Adime kaMkaDa, kATe Adiko bAdhAe~, badha, Akroza aura mala AdikI bAdhAoko zAtise sahanA caahie| nagna rahakara bhI strI Adiko dekhakara prakRtistha bane rahanA, ciratapasyA karane para bhI yadi Rddhi-siddhi nahIM hotI to tapasyAke prati anAdara nahI honA aura yadi koI Rddhi prApta ho jAya to usakA garva nahIM karanA, kimIke satkAra-puraskArame harSa aura apamAna me kheda nahI karanA, bhikSA-bhojana karate hue bhI AtmAme dInatA nahI Ane denA ityAdi parISahoke jayase cAritrame dRDhaniSThA hotI hai aura karmokA Asrava ruka kara saMvara hotA hai / cAritra: ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigrahakA saMpUrNa paripAlana
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________________ 242 jainadarzana karanA pUrNa cAritra hai| cAritrake sAmAyika Adi aneka bheda hai / sAmAyika-samasta pApakriyAoMkA tyAga aura samatAbhAvako ArAdhanA / chedopasthApanA-vratoMmeM dUSaNa laga jAnepara dopakA parihAra kara punaH vratoMmeM sthira honaa| parihAravizuddhi-ima cAritrake dhAraka vyaktike zarIrameM itanA halakApana A jAtA hai ki marvatra gamana Adi pravRttiyA~ karanepara bhI usake zarIrase jIvoMko virAdhanA-hiMmA nahIM hotii| sUkSmasAmpagaya-samasta krodhAdikapAyoMkA nAza hone para bace hue mUkSma lobhake nAzakI bhI taiyArI krnaa| yathAkhyAta-samasta kapAyoMke kSaya honepara jIvanmukta vyaktikA pUrNa AtmasvarUpa meM vicaraNa krnaa| isa taraha gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parIpahajaya aura cAritrase karmazatruke Aneke dvAra banda ho jAte hai| yahI saMvara hai| 6. nirjarA-tattva : gupti Adise sarvataH saMvRta-surakSita vyakti Age AnevAle karmoko to roka hI detA hai, mAtha hI pUrvabaddha karmoko nirjarA karake kramazaH mokSako prApta karatA hai| nirjarA jhar3aneko kahate hai| yaha do prakAra kI hai -eka aupakramika yA avipAka nirjarA aura dUsarI anaupakramika yA savipAka nirjraa| tapa Adi sAdhanAoMke dvArA karmoko balAt udayameM lAkara binA phala diye hI jhar3A denA avipAka nirjarA hai / svAbhAvika kramase pratisamaya karmoMkA phala dekara jhar3ate jAnA savipAka nirjarA hai / yaha savipAka nirjarA prati samaya hara eka prANIke hotI hI rahatI hai| isameM purAne karmoko jagaha nUtana karma lete jAte hai| gupti, samiti aura khAsakara tapa rUpI agnise karmoko phala deneke pahale hI bhasma kara, denA avipAka yA aupakramika nirjarA hai| 'karmoMkI gati Tala ho nahIM sakato' yaha ekAnta niyama nahIM hai| Akhira karma haiM kyA ? apane purAne saMskAra hI vastutaH karma hai / yadi AtmAmeM puruSArtha
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________________ nirjarAtattva-nirUpaNa 243 hai, aura vaha sAdhanA kare; to kSaNamAtrameM purAnI vAsanAe~ kSINa ho sakatI haiN| "nAmuktaM kSIyate karma kalpakoTizatairapi / " arthAt 'saikar3oM kalpakAla bIta jAnepara bhI binA bhoge karmokA nAza nahIM ho sktaa|' yaha mata pravAhapatita sAdhAraNa prANiyoMko lAgU hotA hai / para jo AtmapuruSArthI sAdhaka hai unako dhyAnarUpI agni to kSaNamAtra meM samasta karmoko bhasma kara sakatI hai "dhyAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAt kurute kSaNAt / " aise aneka mahAtmA hue hai, jinhoMne apanI sAdhanAkA itanA bala prApta kara liyA thA ki sAdhu-dIkSA lete hI unheM kaivalyakI prApti ho gaI thii| purAnI vAmanAoM aura rAga, dveSa tathA mohake kusaMskAroMko naSTa karanekA eka mAtra mukhya sAdhana hai-'dhyAna' arthAt cittakI vRttiyoMkA nirodha karake use ekAgra krnaa| ___ isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIrane bandha (duHkha), bandhake kAraNa (Asrava), mokSa aura mokSake kAraNa (saMvara aura nirjarA) ina pA~ca tattvoMke sAthaho-sAtha usa Atmatattvake jJAnakI khAsa AvazyakatA batAI jise bandhana aura mokSa hotA hai| isI taraha usa ajIva tattvake jJAnakI bhI AvazyakatA hai jisase baMdhakara yaha jIva anAdi kAlase svarUpacyuta ho rahA hai / mokSake sAdhana: vaidika saMskRtimeM vicAra yA tattvajJAnako mokSakA sAdhana mAnA hai jaba ki zramaNa saMskRti cAritra arthAt AcArako mokSakA sAdhana svIkAra karatI hai / yadyapi vaidika saMskRtine tattvajJAnake sAtha-hI-sAtha vairAgya aura saMnyAsako bhI muktikA aGga mAnA hai, para vairAgyakA upayoga tattvajJAnakI puSTimeM kiyA hai, arthAt vairAgyase tattvajJAna puSTa hotA hai aura phira usase
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________________ 244 jainadarzana mukti milatI hai| para jainatIrthakaroMne 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSa. mArgaH / " ( ta0 sU0 111) samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrako mokSakA mArga batAyA hai| aisA samyagjJAna jo samyakacAritrakA poSaka yA vardhaka nahIM hai, mokSakA sAdhana nahIM hotaa| jo jJAna jIvanameM utarakara Atmazodhana kare, vahI mokSakA sAdhana hai| antataH saccI zraddhA aura jJAnakA phala cAritra-zuddhi hI hai / jJAna thor3A bhI ho, para yadi vaha jIvanazuddhimeM preraNA detA hai to sArthaka hai| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa sAdhanAe~ haiM, mAtra jJAnarUpa nahI haiM / korA jJAna bhAra hI hai yadi vaha Atmazodhana nahIM karatA / tattvoMkI dRr3ha zraddhA arthAt samyagdarzana mokSamahalakI pahilI sIr3hI hai / bhaya, AzA, sneha aura lobhase jo zraddhA cala aura malina ho jAtI hai vaha zraddhA andhavizvAsako sImAmeM ho hai| jIvanta zraddhA vaha hai jisameM prANoM takakI bAjI lagAkara tattvako kAyama rakhA jAtA hai| usa parama avagAr3ha dRr3ha niSThAko duniyAkA koI bhI pralobhana vicalita nahIM kara sakatA, use hilA nahIM sktaa| isa jyotike jagate hI sAdhakako apane lakSyakA spaSTa darzana hone lagatA hai| use pratikSaNa bhedavijJAna aura svAnubhUti hotI hai| vaha samajhatA hai ki dharma AtmasvarUpakI prAptimeM hai, na ki zuSka bAhya kriyaakaannddmeN| isaliye usakI pariNati eka vilakSaNa prakArakI ho jAtI hai| AtmakalyANa, samAjahita, dezanirmANa aura mAnavatAke uddhArakA spaSTa mArga usakI A~khoMmeM jhUlatA hai aura vaha usake liye prANoMko bAjI taka lagA detA hai| svarUpajJAna aura svAdhikArakI maryAdAkA jJAna samyagjJAna hai / aura apane adhikAra aura svarUpakI sImAmeM rahakara parake adhikAra aura svarUpako surakSAke anukula jIvanavyavahAra banAnA samyakcAritra hai / tAtparya yaha ki AtmAko vaha pariNati samyakcAritra hai jisameM kevala apane guNa aura paryAyoM taka hI apanA adhikAra mAnA jAtA hai aura jIvana-vyavahArameM tadanukula hI pravRtti hotI hai, dUsareke adhikAroMko har3apaneko bhAvanA bhI nahIM hotI / yaha vyaktisvAtantryakI
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________________ mokSake sAdhana 245 svAvalambI caryA hI parama samyakcAritra hai / ataH zramaNasaMskRtine jIvanasAdhanA ahiMsAke maulika samatvapara pratiSThita kI hai, aura prANimAtrake abhaya aura jIvita rahanekA satata vicAra kiyA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAnase paripuSTa samyakcAritra hI mokSakA sAkSAt sAdhana hotA hai|
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________________ 8. pramANamImAMsA jJAna aura darzana : jar3a padArthoMse AtmAko bhinna karanevAlA AtmAkA guNa yA svarUpa caitanya hai, yaha bAta siddha hai / yahI caitanya avasthAvizeSa meM nirAkAra rahakara 'darzana' kahalAtA hai aura sAkAra hokara 'jAna' / AtmA ke ananta guNoM meM yaha caitanyAtmaka upayoga hI aimA asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jisase AtmA lakSita hotA hai / jaba yaha upayoga Atmetara padArthoko jAnane ke samaya jJeyAkAra yA sAkAra hotA hai; taba usakI jJAna- paryAya vikasita hotI hai aura jaba vaha bAhya padArthoMmeM upayukta na hokara mAtra caitanyarUpa rahatA hai, taba nirAkAra avasthAmeM darzana kahalAtA hai / yadyapi dArzanika kAlameM 'darzana' kI vyAkhyA badalI hai aura vaha caitanyAkArakI paridhiko lA~ghakara padArthoMke sAmAnyAvalokana taka jA pahu~cI / parantu siddhAnta-granthoM meM darzanakA varNana antaraMgArthavipayaka aura nirAkAra rUpase milatA hai / darzanakA kAla viSaya aura viSayI ( indriyA~ ) ke sannipAtake pahale hai / jaba 2 1. " tataH sAmAnyavizeSAtmakabAhyAryagrahaNaM jJAnaM tadAtmakasvarUpagrahaNaM darzanamiti siddham |''bhaavaanaaN bAhyArthAnAmAkAraM pratikarmavyavasthAmakRtvA yad grahaNaM tad darzanam' ( pR0 147 ) prakAzavRttirvA darzanam / asya gamanikA prakAzo jJAnam, tadarthamAtmano vRttiH prakAzavRttiH taddarzanam, viSayavipayisampAtAt pUrvAvasthA ityarthaH / ( pR0 149 ) nai doSAH darzanAmADhokante tasya antaraGgArthavipayatvAt / " - dhavalA TIkA, satprarU0 prathama pustaka / 2. "uttarazAnotpattinimittaM yatprayatnaM tadrUpaM yat svasyAtmanaH paricchedanamavalokanaM taddarzanaM bhaNyate / tadanantaraM yadbahirviSayavikalparUpeNa padArthagrahaNaM tajjJAnamiti vAttikam / yathA ko'pi puruSo ghaTaviSayavikalpaM kurvannAste, pazcAt paTaparijJAnArthaM citte jAte sati ghaTavikalpAd vyAvRttya yat svarUpe prathamamavalokanaM
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 247 AtmA amuka padArthaviSayaka jJAnopayogase haTakara anyapadArthaviSayaka jJAnameM pravRtta hotA hai taba bIcako vaha caitanyAkAra yA nirAkAra avasthA darzana kahalAtI hai, jisame jJeyakA pratibhAsa nahIM hotaa| dArzanika granthoMmeM darzanakA kAla' viSaya aura viSayoke sannipAtake anantara hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki padArthake sAmAnyAvalokanake rUpameM darzanako prasiddhi huii| bauddhakA nirvikalpaka jJAna aura naiyAyikAdisammata nirvikalpapratyakSa yahI hai / pramANAdivyavasthAkA AdhAra : jJAna, pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa inakI vyavasthA bAhya arthake pratibhAsa karane, aura pratibhAsake anusAra bAhya padArthake prApta hone aura na hone para nirbhara karatI hai| jima jJAnakA pratibhAsita padArtha ThIka usI rUpameM mila jAya, jima rUpame ki usakA bodha huA hai, to vaha jJAna pramANa kahA jAtA hai, anya pramANAbhAma / yahA~ makhya prazna yaha hai ki pramANAbhAsoMmeM jo 'darzana' ginAyA gayA hai vaha kyA yahI nirAkAra caitanyarUpa darzana hai ? jisa caitanyame padArthakA sparza hI nahIM huA usa caitanyako jJAnako vizeSakakSA pramANa aura pramANAbhAsame dAkhila karanA kisI taraha ucita nahIM hai| ye vyavahAra to jJAname hote hai| darzana to pramANa aura pramANAbhAsase parekI vastu hai / viSaya aura viSayoke sannipAtake bAda jo sAmAnyAvalokanarUpa darzana hai vaha to bauddha aura naiyAyikoke nirvikalpa jJAnakI taraha vastusparzI honese pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakI vivecanAke kSetrame A jAtA hai| usa sAmAnyavastugrAhI darzanako pramANAbhAsa isalie kahA paricchedanaM karoti tdrshnmiti| tadanantaraM paTo'yamiti nizcayaM yad bahiviSayarUpeNa padArthagrahaNavikalpaM karoti tajzAnaM bhaNyate / " - vRhadvyasaM0 TI0 gA0 43 / 1. "viSayaviSayisannipAte sati darzanaM bhavati / " sarvArthasi0 1115 / 2. dekho, parIkSAmukha 6 / 1 /
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________________ 248 jainadarzana hai ki vaha kisI vastukA vyavasAya arthAt nirNaya nahIM krtaa| vaha sAmAnya aMzakA bhI mAtra Alocana hI karatA hai; nizcaya nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha, naiyAyikAdi-sammata nirvikalpako pramANase bahirbhUta arthAt pramANAbhAsa mAnA gayA hai / 'Agamika kSetrameM jJAnako samyaktva aura mithyAtva mAnaneke AdhAra jude hai / vahA~ to jo jJAna mithyAdarzanakA sahacArI hai vaha mithyA aura jo samyagdarzanakA sahabhAvI hai vaha samyak kahalAtA hai| yAnI mithyAdarzanavAle. kA vyavahArasatya pramANajJAna bhI mithyA hai aura samyagdarzanavAlekA vyavahArameM asatya apramANa jJAna bhI samyak hai / tAtparya yaha ki samyagdRSTikA pratyeka jJAna mokSamArgopayogI honeke kAraNa samyak hai aura mithyAdRSTikA pratyeka jJAna saMsArameM bhaTakAnevAlA honese mithyA hai| parantu dArzanika kSetrameM jJAnake mokSopayogI yA saMsAravadhaka honeke AdhArase pramANatA-apramANatAkA vicAra prastuta nahIM hai| yahAM to pratibhAsita viSayakA avyabhicArI honA hI pramANatAkI kuJjI hai| jisa jJAnakA pratibhAsita padArtha jaisAkA-taisA mila jAtA hai vaha avisaMvAdI jJAna satya hai aura pramANa hai; zeSa apramANa hai, bhale hI unakA upayoga saMsArameM ho yA mokSameM / AgamoMmeM jo pA~ca jJAnoMkA varNana AtA hai vaha jJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamase yA kSayase prakaTa honevAlI jJAnakI avasthAoMkA nirUpaNa hai| AtmAke 'jJAna' guNako eka jJAnAvaraNa karma rokatA hai aura isIke kSayopazamake tAratamyase mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyaya ye cAra jJAna prakaTa hote haiM aura sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNakA kSaya ho jAne para nirAvaraNa kevalajJAnakA AvirbhAva hotA hai| isI taraha matijJAnAvaraNakarma ke kSayopazamase hone vAlI mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha Adi matijJAna 1. "matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca"-ta0 sU0 1 / 31 / 2. "yathA yatrAvisaMvAdastathA tatra prmaanntaa|" siddhivi0 1 / 20 /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 249 kI avasthAoMkA aneka rUpase vivecana milatA hai,' jo matijJAnake vividha AkAra aura prakAroMkA nirdeza mAtra hai / vaha nirdeza bhI tattvAdhigamake upAyoMke rUpameM hai / jina tattvoMkA zraddhAna aura jJAna karake mokSamArgameM juTA jA sakatA hai una tattvoMkA adhigama jJAnase hI to saMbhava hai / yahI jJAna pramANa aura nayake rUpase adhigamake upAyoMko do rUpameM vibhAjita kara detA hai / yAnI tattvAdhigamake do mUla bheda hote haiM - pramANa aura naya / inhIM pA~ca jJAnoMkA pratyakSa aura parokSa ina do pramANoMke rUpameM vibhAjana bhI Agamika paraMparAmeM pahale se hI rahA hai: kintu yahA~ pratyakSatA aura parokSatAkA AdhAra bhI bilakula bhinna hai / jo jJAna svAvalambI hai - indriya aura manakI sahAyatAkI bhI apekSA nahIM karatA, vaha AtmamAtrasApekSa jJAna pratyakSa hai aura indriya tathA manase utpanna honevAlA jJAna parokSa / isa taraha Agamika kSetrake samyak - mithyA vibhAga aura pratyakSa-parokSa vibhAgake AdhAra dArzanika kSetra se bilakula hI jude prakArake haiM / jaina dArzanikoMke sAmane uparyukta Agamika paraMparAko dArzanika DhA~ce meM DhAlanekA mahAn kAryakrama thA, jise suvyavasthita rUpameM nibhAnekA prayatna kiyA gayA 1 pramANakA svarUpa : pramANakA sAmAnyatayA vyutpattilabhya artha hai - " pramIyate yena tatpramANam" arthAt jisake dvArA padArthoMkA jJAna ho usa dvArakA nAma pramANa hai dUsare zabdoM meM jo pramAkA sAdhakatama karaNa ho vaha pramANa hai / isa sAmAnyanirvacana meM koI vivAda na hone para bhI usa dvArameM vivAda / naiyAyikAdi pramAmeM sAdhakatama indriya aura sannikarSako mAnate haiM jaba ki jaina aura bauddha jJAnako hI pramAmeM sAdhakatama kahate haiM / jainadarzanakI dRSTi hai 1. ta0 sU0 1 13 / nandI pra0 mati0 gA0 80 /
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________________ 250 jainadarzana ki jAnanA yA pramArUpa kriyA cU~ki cetana hai, ataH usame sAdhakatama usIkA guNa-jJAna hI ho sakatA hai, acetana sannikarSAdi nahIM, kyoMki sannikarSAdike rahane para bhI jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA aura sannikarSAdike abhAvame bhI jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai| ataH jAnanerUpa kriyAkA sAkSAt avyavahita kAraNa jJAna hI hai, sannikarSAdi nhiiN| pramiti yA pramA ajJAnanivRttirUpa hotI hai| isa ajJAnanivRttime ajJAnakA virodhI jJAna hI karaNa ho sakatA hai, jaise ki aMdhakArakI nivRttime aMdhakArakA virodhI prakAza / indriya', sannikarpAdi svayaM acetana hai, ata eva ajJAnarUpa honeke kAraNa pramitime sAkSAt karaNa nahIM ho skte| yadyapi kahIM-kahIM indriya, sannikarSAdi jJAnakI utpAdaka sAmagrIme zAmila hai, para sArvatrika aura sArvakAlika anvaya-vyatireka na milaneke kAraNa unako kAraNatA avyApta ho jAtI hai / antataH indriyAdi jJAnake utpAdaka bhI hoM; phira bhI jAnanerUpa kriyAmeM sAdhakatamatA-avyavahitakAraNatA jAnakI hI hai, na ki jJAnase vyavahita indriyAdikI / jaise ki andhakArakI nivRttime dIpaka hI sAdhakatama ho sakatA hai, na ki tela, batto aura diyA Adi / sAmAnyatayA jo kriyA jisa guNakI paryAya hotI hai usame vahI guNa sAdhakatama ho sakatA hai / cUMki 'jAnAti kriyA'-jAnanerUpa kriyA jJAnaguNako paryAya hai, ataH usameM avyavahita karaNa jJAna hI ho sakatA hai / pramANa cUMki hitaprApti aura ahitaparihAra karaneme samartha hai, ataH vaha jJAna hI ho sakatA hai| jJAnakA sAmAnya dharma hai apane svarUpako jAnate hue parapadArthako jAnanA / vaha avasthAvizeSa meM parako jAne yA na jAne / para apane svarUpa1. "sannikarpAderazAnasya prAmANyamanupapannamarthAntaravat / " / -laghI0 mvavR0 113 / 2. "hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamartha hi pramANaM tato zAnameva tat / " -parokSAmukha 1 / 2 /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 251 ko to hara hAlata meM jAnatA hI hai| jJAna cAhe pramANa ho, saMzaya ho, viparyaya ho yA anadhyavasAya Adi kisI bhI rUpa meM kyoM na ho, vaha bAhyArtha meM visaMvAdI hone para bhI apane svarUpako avazya jAnegA aura svarUpameM avisaMvAdI hI hogaa| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki jJAna ghaTapaTAdi padArthoMkI taraha ajJAta rUpameM utpanna ho jAya aura pIche mana Adike dvArA usakA grahaNa ho / vaha to dIpakakI taraha jagamagAtA huA hI utpanna hotA hai / svasaMvedI honA jJAnasAmAnyakA dharma hai / ataH saMzayAdijJAnoM meM jJAnAMzakA anubhava apane Apa usI jJAnake dvArA hotA hai / yadi jJAna apane svarUpako na jAne, yAnI vaha svayaMke pratyakSa na ho; to usake dvArA padArtha - kA bodha bhI nahIM ho sakatA / jaise ki devadattako yajJadattakA jJAna apratyakSa hai arthAt svasaMvidita nahIM hai to usake dvArA use arthakA bodha nahIM hotA / usI taraha yadi yajJadattako svayaM apanA jJAna usI taraha apratyakSa ho jisa prakAra ki devadatta ko haiM to devadattakI taraha yajJadattako apane jJAnake dvArA bhI padArthakA bodha nahIM ho sakegA / jo jJAna apane svarUpakA hI pratibhAsa karane meM asamartha hai vaha parakA avabodhaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? ' svarUpakI dRSTise sabhI jJAna pramANa hai / pramANatA aura apramANatAkA vibhAga bAhya arthakI prApti aura aprApti se sambandha rakhatA hai / svarUpakI dRSTise to na koI jJAna pramANa hai aura na pramANAbhAsa / pramANa aura naya : tattvArthasUtra (1 he.) meM jina adhigama ke upAyoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai unameM pramANa aura nayake nirdeza karanekA eka dUsarA kAraNa bhI hai / pramANa samagra vastuko akhaNDarUpase grahaNa karatA hai / vaha bhale "bhAvaprameyApekSAyAM pramANAbhAsanihnavaH / bahiH prameyApekSAyAM pramANaM tannibhaM ca te // " - AptamI0 zlo0 83 /
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________________ 252 jainadarzana hI kisI eka guNake dvArA padArthako jAnanekA upakrama kare, parantu usa guNake dvArA vaha sampUrNa vastuko hI grahaNa karatA hai / A~khake dvArA dekhI jAne vAlI vastu yadyapi rUpamukhena dekhI jAtI hai, para pramANajJAna rUpake dvArA pUrI vastuko hI samagrabhAvase jAnatA hai| isIlie pramANako sakalAdezI kahate haiN| vaha hara hAlatame sakala vastukA ho grAhaka hotA hai / usameM gauNa-mukhyabhAva itanA hI hai ki vaha bhinna-bhinna samayoMme amukaamuka indriyoMke grAhya vibhinna guNoMke dvArA pUrI vastuko jAnanekA prayAsa karatA hai / jo guNa jisa samaya indriyajJAnakA viSaya hotA hai usa guNakI mukhyatA itanI hI hai ki usake dvArA pUrI vastu gRhIta ho rahI hai / yaha nahIM ki usameM rUpa mukhya ho aura rasAdi gauNa, kintu rUpake chorase samasta vastupaTa dekhA jA rahA hai| jaba ki nayameM rUpa mukhya hotA hai aura rasAdi gauNa / nayameM vahI dharma pradhAna banakara anubhavakA viSaya hotA hai, jisako vivakSA yA apekSA hotI hai / naya pramANake dvArA gRhota samasta aura akhaNDa vastuko khaNDa-khaNDa karake usake eka-eka dezako mukhyarUpase grahaNa karatA hai| pramANa ghaTako "ghaTo'yama" ke rUpameM samagra-kA-samagra jAnatA hai jaba ki naya "rUpavAn ghaTaH" karake ghar3eko kevala rUpakI dRSTise dekhatA hai / 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' isa prayogameM yadyapi eka rUpaguNakI pradhAnatA dikhatI hai, parantu yadi isa vAkyameM rUpake dvArA pUre ghaTako jAnanekA abhiprAya hai to yaha vAkya sakalAdezI hai aura yadi kevala ghaTake rUpako hI jAnanekA abhiprAya hai to vaha mAtra rUpagrAhI honese vikalAdezI ho jAtA hai / vibhinna lakSaNa : isa taraha sAmanyatayA jaina paramparAmeM jJAnako hI pramAkA karaNa mAnA hai / vaha pramANajJAna sampUrNa vastuko grahaNa karatA hai / usameM jJAnasAmAnyakA svasaMveditva dharma bhI rahatA hai / pramANa honese use avisaMvAdI 1. "tathA coktaM sakalAdezaH pramANAdhInaH"-sarvArthasi0 1 / 6 /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 253 bhI avazya hI honA cAhie / visaMvAda arthAt saMzaya viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya / ina tInoM visaMvAdoMse rahita avisaMvAdI samyagjJAna pramANa hotA hai / AcArya samantabhadra aura siddhasenake pramANalakSaName' 'svaparAvabhAsaka' pada prayukta huA hai / samantabhadrane usa tattvajJAnako bhI pramANa kahA hai jo eka sAtha sabakA avabhAsaka hotA hai / isa lakSaNameM kevala svarUpakA nirdeza hai / akalaMka aura mANikyanandine pramANako anadhigatArthagrAhI aura apUrvArthavyavasAyI kahA hai / parantu vidyAnandakA spaSTa mata hai ki jJAna cAhe apUrva padArthako jAne yA gRhIta arthako vaha svArthavyavasAyAtmaka hone se pramANa hI hai / gRhItagrAhitA koI dUSaNa nahIM hai / 4 " avisaMvAdakI prAyika sthiti : akalaMkadevane avisaMvAdako pramANatAkA AdhAra mAnakarake eka vizeSa bAta yaha kahI hai ki hamAre jJAnoMmeM pramANatA aura apramANatAkI saMkIrNa sthiti hai / koI bhI jJAna ekAntase pramANa yA apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / indriyadoSase honevAlA dvicandrajJAna bhI candrAMzameM avisaMvAdI honeke kAraNa pramANa hai, para dvitva-aMza meM visaMvAdI honeke kAraNa apramANa / 1. "svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam / " - bRhatsva0 zlo0 63 | 1. "pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam / " nyAyAvatA0 zlo0 1 / 2. " tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapat sarvabhAsakam / " -AptamI lo0 101 / 3. " pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / " - aSTaza0, aSTasaha 0 pR0 175 / "svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / " - parIkSAmukha 1 / 1 / 4. "gRhItamagRhItaM vA yadi svArtha vyavasyati / tanna loke na zAstreSu vijahAti pramANatAm // " -tattvArthalo0 101, 10,78 /
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________________ 254 jainadarzana parvatapara candramAkA dikhanA candrAMzameM hI pramANa hai, parvatasthitarUpameM nhiiN| isa taraha hamAre jJAnoMmeM aikAntika pramANatA yA apramANatAkA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'tava vyavahArameM kisI jJAnako pramANa yA apramANa kahanekA kyA AdhAra mAnA jAya ?' isa praznakA uttara yaha hai ki jJAnoMko prAyaH sAdhAraNa sthiti hone para bhI jisa jJAnameM avisaMvAdakI bahulatA ho use pramANa mAnA jAya tathA visaMvAdako bahulatAmeM apramANa / jaise ki itra Adike pudgaloMmeM rUpa, rama, gandha aura sparza rahane para bhI gandha guNakI utkaTatAke kAraNa unheM 'gandha dravya' kahate hai, usI taraha avisaMvAdako bahulatAse pramANavyavahAra ho jaaygaa| akalaMkadevake isa vicArakA eka hI kAraNa mAlUma hotA hai ki unake matase indriyajanya kSAyopazamika jJAnoMkI sthiti pUrNa vizvasanIya nahIM mAnI jA sktii| svalpazaktika indriyoMkI vicitra racanAke kAraNa indriyoMke dvArA pratibhAsita padArtha anyathA bho hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki Agamika paramparAmeM indriya aura manojanya matijJAna aura zrutajJAnako pratyakSa na kahakara parokSa hI kahA gayA hai / akalaMkadevake isa vicArako uttarakAlIna dArzanikoMne apanAyA ho, yaha nahIM mAlUma hotA, para svayaM akalaMka isa vicArako AptamImAMsAko TIkA aSTazatI', laghIyastrayasvavRtti aura siddhivinizcayameM dRr3ha vizvAsake sAtha upasthita karate haiN| 1. "yenAkAreNa tattvaparicchaMdaH tadapekSayA prAmANyamiti / tena pratyakSatadAbhAsayorapi prAyazaH sNkiirnnpraamaannyetrsthitimnnetvyaa| prasiddhAnupahatendriyadRSTerapi candrarkAdiSu dezapratyAsattyAyabhUtAkArAvabhAsanAt / tathopahatAkSAderapi saMkhyAdivisaMvAde'pi candrAdisvabhAvatattvopalambhAt / tatprakarSApekSayA vyapadezavyavasthA gandhadravyAdivat / ' -aSTaza0, aSTasaha0 pR0 277 / 2. "timirAgrupaplavazAnaM candrAdAvavisaMvAdakaM pramANaM tathA tatsaMkhyAdau visaMvAdakatvAdapramANaM pramANetaravyavasthAyAstallakSaNatvAt / " -laghI0 sva0 zlo0 22 / 3. "tathA yatrAvisaMvAdastathA tatra prmaanntaa|" -siddhivi0 1 / 20 /
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________________ 255 pramANamImAMsA tadAkAratA pramANa nahIM : bauddha paraMparAmeM jJAnako svasaMvedI svIkAra to kiyA hai parantu pramAke karaNake rUpame sArUpya, tadAkAratA yA yogyatAkA nirdeza' milatA hai| jJAnagata yogyatA yA jJAnagata sArUpya antataH jJAnasvarUpa hI hai, ataH pariNamanameM koI vizeSa antara na hone para bhI jJAnakA padArthAkAra honA eka pahelI hI hai / 'amUrtika jJAna mUrtika padAthoMke AkAra kaise hotA hai ?' isa praznakA puSTa samAdhAna to nahIM miltaa| jJAnake jJeyAkAra honekA artha itanA hI ho sakatA hai ki vaha usa jJeyako jAnaneke lie apanA vyApAra kara rahA hai| phira, kisI bhI jJAnako vaha avasthA, jisameM jJeyakA pratibhAsa ho rahA hai, pramANa hI hogI, yaha nizcita rUpase nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sIpame cA~dIkA pratibhAma karanevAlA jJAna yadyapi upayogakI dRSTise padArthAkAra ho rahA hai, para pratibhAsake anusAra bAhyArthakI prApti na honeke kAraNa use pramANa-koTimeM nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| saMzayAdijJAna bhI to Akhira padArthAkAra hote hI hai / ___isa taraha jainAcAryoke dvArA kiye gaye pramANake vibhinna lakSaNoMse yaha phalita hotA hai ki jJAnako svasaMvedI honA caahie| vaha gRhItagrAhI ho yA apUrvArthagrAhI, para avisaMvAdI honeke kAraNa pramANa hai / uttarakAlIna jaina AcAryone pramANakA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa karate samaya kevala 'samyagjJAna' aura 'samyagarthanirNaya' yahI pada pasanda kiye hai| pramANake anya lakSaNoMmeM pAye jAnevAle nizcita, bAdhavajita, aduSTakAraNajanyatva, lokasammatatva, avyabhicAro aura vyavasAyAtmaka Adi vizepaNa 'samyak' isa eka hI "mvasaMvittiH phalaM cAtra tAdrapAdarthanizcayaH / viSayAkAra evAmya pramANaM tena moyate / " -pramANasamu0 pR0 24 / "pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vaa|"-ttvmN0 zrI0 1344 / "samyaganirNayaH pramANam |"-prmaannmii0 1.12 / "samyagjJAnaM pramANam |"-nyaayddhii0 pR0 3 /
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________________ 256 jainadarzana sarvAvagAhI vizeSaNapadase gRhIta ho jAte haiN| anizcita, bAdhita, duSTakaraNajanya, lokabAdhita, vyabhicArI, anirNayAtmaka, sandigdha, viparyaya aura avyutpanna Adi jJAna 'samyak' ko sImAko nahIM chU skte| samyagjJAna to svarUpa aura utpatti Adi sabhI dRSTiyoMse samyak hI hogaa| use avisaMvAdI yA vyavasAyAtmaka Adi kisI zabdase vyavahArame lA sakate hai| pramANazabda cU~ki karaNasAdhana hai, ataH kartA-pramAtA, karma-prameya aura kriyA-pramiti ye pramANa nahIM hote| prameyakA pramANa na honA to spaSTa hai| pramiti, pramANa aura pramAtA dravyadRSTise yadyapi abhinna mAlUma hote hai, parantu paryAyakI dRSTise ina tInoMkA parasparameM bheda spaSTa hai| yadyapi vahI AtmA pramiti-kriyAme vyApRta honeke kAraNa pramAtA kahalAtA hai aura vaha kriyA pramiti; phira bhI pramANa AtmAkA vaha svarUpa hai jo pramitikriyAme sAdhakatama karaNa hotA hai| ataH pramANavicArame vahI karaNabhUta 'paryAya grahaNa kI jAtI hai / aura isa taraha pramANazabdakA karaNArthaka jJAna padake sAtha sAmAnAdhikaraNya bhI siddha ho jAtA hai / sAmagrI pramANa nahIM: 'vaddha naiyAyikoMne jJAnAtmaka aura ajJAnAtmaka donoM prakArakI sAmagrIko pramAke karaNarUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki arthopalabdhirUpa kArya sAmagrIse utpanna hotA hai aura isa sAmagrImeM indriya, mana, padArtha, prakAza Adi ajJAnAtmaka vastue~ bhI jJAnake sAtha kAma karatI hai| anvaya aura vyatireka bhI isI sAmagrIke sAtha hI milatA hai / sAmagrIkA eka choTA bhI purajA yadi na ho to sArI mazIna bekAra ho jAtI hai| kisI bhI choTe-se kAraNake haTanepara kArya ruka jAtA hai aura sabake milane para hI utpanna hotA hai taba kise sAdhakatama kahA jAya ? 1. "avyabhicAriNImasandigdhAmoMpalabdhi vidadhatI bodhAbodhasvabhAvA sAmagrI pramANam / -nyAyamaM0 pR0 12 /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 257 sabhI apanI-apanI jagaha usake ghaTaka hai aura sabhI sAkalyarUpase pramAke karaNa haiM / isa sAmagrImeM ve hI kAraNa sammilita haiM jinakA kAryake sAtha vyatireka milatA hai| ghaTajJAnameM prameyakI jagaha ghaTa hI zAmila ho sakatA hai, paTa Adi nhiiN| isI taraha jo paramparAse kAraNa haiM ve bhI isa sAmagrImeM zAmila nahIM kiye jAte / jaina dArzanikoMne sAmAnyatayA sAmagrIkI kAraNatA svIkAra karake bhI vRddha naiyAyikoMke sAmagrIprAmANyavAda yA kArakasAkalyakI pramANatAkA khaNDana karate hue spaSTa likhA hai ki jJAnako sAdhakatama karaNa kahakara hama sAmagrIko anupayogitA yA vyarthatA siddha nahIM kara rahe haiM, kintu hamArA yaha abhiprAya hai ki indriyAdisAmagrI jJAnakI utpattimeM to sAkSAt kAraNa hotI hai, para pramA arthAt arthopalabdhimeM sAdhakatama karaNa to utpanna huA jJAna hI ho sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM zeSa sAmagrI jJAnako utpanna karake hI kRtArtha ho jAtI hai, jJAnako utpanna kiye binA vaha sIdhe arthopalabdhi nahIM karA sakatI / vaha jJAnake dvArA hI arthAt jJAnase vyavahita hokara ho arthopalabdhimeM kAraNa kahI jA sakatI hai, sAkSAt nahIM / isa taraha paramparA kAraNoMko yadi sAdhakatama koTimeM lene lageM; to jisa AhAra yA gAyake dUdhase indriyoMko puSTi milatI hai usa AhAra aura dUdha denevAlI gAyako bhI arthopalabdhimeM sAdhakatama kahanA hogA, aura isa taraha kAraNoMkA koI pratiniyama hI nahIM raha jaaygaa| ___ yadyapi arthopalabdhi aura jJAna do pRthak vastue~ nahIM haiM phira bhI sAdhanakI dRSTise unameM paryAya aura paryAyIkA bheda hai hii| pramA bhAvasAdhana hai aura vaha pramANakA phala hai, jaba ki jJAna karaNasAdhana hai aura svayaM karaNabhUta-pramANa hai| avaziSTa sArI sAmagrIkA upayoga isa pramANabhUta 1. 'tasyAzAnarUpasya prameyArthavat svaparaparicchittau sAdhakatamatvAbhAvataH pramANatvA yogAt / tatparicchittau sAdhakatamatvasya ajJAnavirodhinA zAnena vyAptatvAt / ' -prameyaka0 pR08|
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________________ 258 jainadarzana jJAnako utpanna karanemeM hotA hai yAnI sAmagrI jJAnako utpanna karatI hai| aura jJAna jAnatA hai / yadi jJAnakI taraha zeSa sAmagrI bhI svabhAvataH jAnanevAlI hotI to use bhI jJAnake sAtha 'sAdhakatama' padapara baiThAyA jA sakatA thA aura pramANasaMjJA dI jA sakatI thI / vaha sAmagrI yuddhavIrakI jananI ho sakatI hai, svayaM yoddhA nahIM / sIdhI-sI bAta hai ki pramiti cU~ki cetanAtmaka hai aura cetanakA dharma hai, ata: usa cetana kriyAkA sAdhakatama cetanadharma hI ho sakatA hai / vaha ajJAnako haTAnevAlI hai, ataH usakA sAdhakatama ajJAnakA virodhI jJAna hI ho sakatA hai, ajJAna nahIM / indriyavyApAra bhI pramANa nahIM : isI taraha' sAMkhyasammata indriyoMkA vyApAra bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; kyoMki vyApAra bhI indriyoMkI taraha acetana aura ajJAnarUpa hI hogA, jJAnAtmaka nahIM / aura ajJAnarUpa vyApAra pramAmeM sAdhakatama na honese pramANa nahIM ho sakatA, ataH samyagjJAna hI ekAntarUpase pramANa ho sakatA hai, anya nahIM / prAmANya- vicAra: pramANa jisa padArthako jisa rUpameM jAnatA hai usakA usI rUpameM prApta honA yAnI pratibhAta viSayakA avyabhicArI honA prAmANya kahalAtA hai / yaha pramANakA dharma hai / isakI utpatti unhIM kAraNoMse hotI hai jina kAraNoMse pramANa utpanna hotA hai / aprAmANya bhI isI taraha apramANake kAraNoMse hI paidA hotA hai / prAmANya ho yA aprAmANya, usakI utpatti parase hI hotI hai / jJapti abhyAsadazAmeM svataH aura anabhyAsadazAmeM kisI svataH pramANabhUta jJAnAntarase yAnI parataH huA karatI hai / jaise jina sthAnoMkA hameM paricaya 1. dekho, yogada0 vyAsabhA0 pR0 27 / 2. 'tatprAmANyaM svataH paratazca / - parIkSAmukha 1 / 13 /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 259 hai una jalAzayAdimeM honevAlA jalajJAna yA marIcijJAna apane Apa apanI pramANatA aura apramANatA batA detA hai, kintu aparicita sthAnoMmeM honevAle jalajJAnakI pramANatAkA jJAna panahAriyoMkA pAnI bharakara lAnA, meMDhakoMkA TarrAnA yA kamalako gandhakA AnA Adi jalake avinAbhAvI svataH pramANabhUta jJAnoMse hI hotA hai| isI taraha jisa vaktAke guNa-doSoM kA hameM paricaya hai usake vacanoMkI pramANatA aura apramANatA to hama svataH jAna lete haiM, para anyake vacanoMko pramANatAke lie hameM dUsare saMvAda Adi kAraNoMko apekSA hotI hai / mImAMsaka vedako apauruSeya mAnakara use svataH pramANa kahate haiM / usakA pradhAna kAraNa yaha hai ki veda, dharma aura usake niyama upaniyamoMkA pratipAdana karanevAlA hai| dharmAdi atIndriya hai| kisI purupameM jJAnakA itanA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA, jo vaha atIndriyadarzI ho ske| yadi puruSoMmeM jJAnakA prakarSa yA unake anubhavoMko atIndriya sAkSAtkArakA adhikArI mAnA jAtA hai to paristhitivizeSamaM dharmAdike svarUpakA vividha prakArase vivecana hA nahIM, nirmANa bhI gaMbhava ho sakatA hai, aura isa taraha vedake nidhi ekAdhikArame vAdhA A sakatI hai| vaktAke guNoMse vacanoMmeM pramANatA AtI hai aura dopAse apramANatA, isa sarvamAnya siddhAntako skokAra karake bhI mImAMsakane vedako doSoMse mukta arthAt nirdopa kahanekA eka nayA hI tarIkA nikaalaa| usane kahA ki 'zabdake doSa vaktAke adhIna hote hai aura unakA abhAva yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA vaktAke guNoMme hI hotA hai kintu yadi vaktA hI na mAnA jAya to nirAzraya dopoMko sambhAvanA zabdameM nahIM raha jaatii|' isa taraha jaba zabdameM vaktAkA abhAva mAnakara doSoMkI nivRtti kara dI gaI aura unheM svataH pramANa mAna liyA gayA, taba isI paddhatiko anya pramANoMma bho lagAnA par3A aura yahA~ taka kalpanA karanA par3I ki guNa apanemeM svatantra vastu hI nahIM haiM kintu ve doSAbhAvarUpa haiN| ataH apramANatA to doSoMse AtI hai para pramANatA dopoMkA
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________________ 260 jainadarzana abhAva honese svataH A jAtI hai| jJAnako utpanna karanevAle jo bhI kAraNa haiM unase pramANatA to utpanna hotI hai para apramANatAmeM una kAraNoMne atirikta 'doSa' bhI apekSita hote haiM / yAnI nirmalatA cakSu AdikA svarUpa hai, svarUpase atirikta koI guNa nahIM hai| jahA~ atirikta doSa mila jAtA hai, vahA~ apramANatA dopakRta honese parataH hotI hai aura jahAM doSakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai vahA~ pramANatA svataH hI AtI hai| zabdameM bhI isI taraha svataH prAmANya svIkAra karake jahA~ vaktAke doSa A jAte haiM vahA~ apramANatA doSaprayukta honese parataH mAnI jAtI hai / ___ mImAMsaka IzvaravAdI nahIM haiM, ata: vedako pramANatA IzvaramUlaka to ve mAna hI nahIM sakate the| ataH unake sAmane eka hI mArga raha jAtA hai vedako svataHpramANa mAnanekA / __ naiyAyikAdi vedakI pramANatA usake IzvarakartRka honese parataH hI mAnate haiN| AcArya zAntarakSita ne bauddhoMkA pakSa 'aniyamavAda' ke rUpameM rakhA hai| ve kahate haiM-'prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoM svataH, donoM parataH, prAmANya svataH aprAmANya parataH aura aprAmANya svataH prAmANya parataH' ina cAra niyama pakSoMse atirikta pA~cavA~ 'aniyama pakSa' bhI hai jo prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoMko avasthAvizeSameM svataH aura avasthAvizeSameM parataH mAnanekA hai / yahI pakSa bauddhoMko iSTa hai| donoMko svataH mAnanekA pakSa 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM sAMkhyake nAmase tathA aprAmANyako svataH aura 1. 'pramAyAH prtntrtvaat|' -nyAyakusumAJjali 2 / 1 / 2. 'nahi bauddhareSAM caturNAmekatamo'pi pakSo'bhISTaH, aniyamapakSasyeSTatvAt / tathAhi ubhayamapyetat kizcit svataH kiJcit parata iti pUrvamupavarNitam / ata eva pakSacatuSTayopanyAso'pyayuktaH / paJcamasya aniyamapakSasya saMbhavAt / ' -tattvasaM0pa0 kA0 3123 / 3. 'pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAMkhyAH samAzritAH / ' -sarvada0 pR0 279 /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 261 prAmANyako parataH mAnanekA pakSa bauddhake nAmase ullikhita hai, para unake mUla graMthoMmeM ina pakSoMkA ullekha nahIM miltaa| ___ naiyAyika donoMko parataH mAnate haiM-saMvAdase prAmANya aura bAdhakapratyayase aprAmANya AtA hai| jaina jisa vaktAke guNoMkA pratyaya hai usake vacanoMko tatkAla svataHpramANa kaha bhI deM, para zabdako pramANatA guNoMse hI AtI hai, yaha siddhAnta nirapavAda hai| anya pramANoMmeM abhyAsa aura anabhyAsase prAmANya aura aprAmANyake svataH aura parataHkA nizcaya hotA hai| mImAMsaka yadyapi pramANako utpatti kAraNoMse mAnatA hai para usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jina kAraNoMse jJAna utpanna hotA hai usase atirikta kisI anya kAraNakI, pramANatAkI utpattimeM apekSA nahIM hotii| jainakA kahanA hai ki indriyAdi kAraNa yA to guNavAle hote haiM yA dopavAle; kyoMki koI bhI sAmAnya apane vizeSoMmeM hI prApta ho sakatA hai| kAraNasAmAnya bhI yA to guNavAn kAraNoMmeM milegA yA doSavAn kAraNoMmeM / ataH yadi doSavAna kAraNoMse utpanna honeke kAraNa aprAmANya parataH mAnA jAtA hai to guNavAn kAraNoMse utpanna honese prAmANyako bhI parataH hI mAnanA cAhiye / yAnI utpatti cAhe prAmANyakI ho yA aprAmANyako / hara hAlatameM vaha parataH hI hogii| jina kAraNoMse pramANa yA apramANa paidA hogA, unhIM kAraNoMse unakI pramANatA aura apramANatA bhI utpanna ho hI jAtI hai / pramANa aura pramANatAkI utpattimeM samayabheda nahIM hai| jJapti aura pravRttike sambandhameM kahA jA cukA hai ki ve abhyAsa dazAmeM svataH aura anabhyAsa dazAmeM parataH hotI haiM / vedako svataH prAmANya mAnaneke siddhAntane mImAMsakako zabdamAtrake nitya mAnanekI ora prerita kiyA; kyoMki yadi zabdako anitya mAnA jAtA 1. 'sAMgatAzcaramaM svataH |'-srv0 pR0 279 / 2. 'dvayamapi parataH ityeSa eva pakSaH zreyAn / ' -nyAyama0 pR0 174 /
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________________ 262 jainadarzana hai to zabdAtmaka vedako bhI kabhI na kabhI kimI vaktAke mukhase utpanna huA mAnanA paDegA, jo ki usakI svataH pramANatAkA vidhAtaka siddha ho sakatA hai| vaktAke makhase ekAntataH janma lenevAle mArthaka bhApAtmaka zabdoko bhI nitya aura apauruSeya kahanA yukti aura anubhava donome viruddha hai / paramparA aura santatikI dRSTime bhale hI bhASAtmaka zabda anAdi ho jA~ya, para tattatmamayome utpanna honevAle zabda to utpattike bAda hI naSTa ho jAte hai / zabda to jalakI laharake samAna paudgalika vAtAvaraName utpanna hote hai aura naSTa hote hai, ata unheM nitya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| phira uma vedakA, jisame aneka gajA, Rpi, nagara, nadI aura deza Adi anitya aura gAdi padArthoke nAma Ate hai, nitya, anAdi aura apaurupeya kahakara svataH pramANa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? pramANatA yA apramANatA marvaprathama to parataH hI gRhIta hotI hai, Age paricaya aura abhyAsake kAraNa bhale hI ve avasthAvizepame svataH ho jaayeN| gaNa aura doSa dono vastuke hI dharma hai / vastu yA to guNAtmaka hotI hai yA dogAtmaka / ataH guNako 'svarUpa' kahakara usakA astitva nahI uTAyA jA sktaa| donokI sthiti barAbara hotI hai / yadi kAcakAmalAdi doNa hai to nirmalatA cakSakA guNa hai| ataH gaNa aura dopa rUpa kAraNose utpanna honeke kAraNa pramANatA aura apramANatA dono ho parataH mAnI jAnI caahie| pramANasaMplava-vicAra: eka hI prameyame aneka pramANokI pravRttiko 'pramANasamplava' kahate hai / bauddha padArthoko kSaNika mAnate hai| unakA yaha bhI siddhAnta hai ki jJAna arthajanya hotA hai| jisa vivakSita padArthase koI eka pratyakSajJAna utpanna huA hai, vaha padArtha dUsare kSaName niyamase naSTa ho jAtA hai, isalie kisI bhI arthame do jJAnokI pravRttikA avasara hI nahIM hai| bauddhoMne
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________________ pramANamImAsA 263 prameyake do bheda kiye haiM- eka vizeSa ( svalakSaNa ) aura dUsarA sAmAnya ( anyApoha ) / vizeSapadArthako viSaya karanevAlA pratyakSa hai aura sAmAnyako jAnanevAle anumAnAdi vikalpajJAna / isa taraha prameyadvaividhyase pramANa - dvaividhyako niyata vyavasthA honese koI bhI pramANa jaba apanI viSayamaryAdAko nahIM lA~gha sakatA, taba vijAtIya pramANakI to svaniyata vipayase bhinna prameyameM pravRtti hI nahIM ho sakatI / raha jAtI hai sajAtIya pramANAntarake saMplavakI bAta, sodvitIya kSaNameM jaba vaha padArtha hI nahIM rahatA, taba saMplavako carcA apane Apa hI samApta ho jAtI hai / jaina padArthako ekAnta kSaNika na mAnakara use kathaJcit nitya aura sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka mAnate haiM / yahI padArtha sabhI pramANoMkA vipaya hotA hai / vastu anantadharmavAlI hai / amuka jJAnake dvArA vastuke amuka aMzoMkA nizcaya hone para bhI agRhIta aMzoMko jAnaneke liye pramANAntarako avakAza hai hI / isI taraha jina jJAta aMzoMkA saMvAda ho jAnese nizcaya ho cukA hai una aMzoMmeM bhale hI pramANAntara kucha vizeSa pariccheda na kareM / para jina aMzoM meM asaMvAda honeke kAraNa anizcaya yA viparIta nizcaya hai, unakA nizcaya karake to pramANAntara vizeSapariccheka honese pramANa hI hotA hai / akalaMkadevane pramANake lakSaNa meM 'anadhigatArthagrAhI' pada diyA hai, ataH anizcita aMzake nizcayameM yA nizcitAMza meM upayogavizeSa hone para hI pramANasaMplava svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, jaba ki naiyAyikane pramANake lakSaNa meM aisA koI pada nahIM rakhA hai, ataH usakI dRSTise vastu gRhIta ho yA agRhIta, yadi indriyAdi kAraNakalApa milate hai to pramANakI pravRtti avazya hI hogI / upayogavizeSa ho yA na ho, koI bhI jJAna 1. 'mAnaM dvividhaM vipayadvaividhyAt |' - pramANavA0 2|1| 2. 'upayogavizepasyAbhAve pramANasaMplavAyAnabhyupagamAt // ' - aSTasaha0 pR04 |
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________________ 264 jainadarzana isalie apramANa nahIM ho sakatA ki usane gRhItako grahaNa kiyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki naiyAyikako pratyeka avasthAmeM pramANasaMplava svIkRta hai| jaina paraMparAmeM avagrahAdi jJAnoMke dhruva aura adhra va bheda bhI kiye haiM / dhruvakA artha hai jaisA jJAna pahale hotA hai vaisA hI bAdameM honaa| ye dhruvAdhagrahAdi pramANa bhI haiN| ataH siddhAntadRSTise jaina apane nityAnitya padArthameM sajAtIya yA vijAtIya pramANoMkI pravRtti aura saMvAdake AdhArase unakI pramANatAko svIkAra karate hI haiN| jahAM vizeSapariccheda hotA hai vahA~ to pramANatA hai ho, para jahA~ vizeSapariccheda nahIM bhI ho, para yadi saMvAda hai to pramANatAko koI nahIM roka sktaa| yadyapi kahIM gRhItagrAhI jJAnako pramANAbhAsameM ginAyA hai, para aisA pramANake lakSaNameM 'apUrvArtha' pada yA 'anadhigata' vizeSaNa deneke kAraNa huA hai| vastutaH jJAnako pramANatAkA AdhAra avisaMvAda yA samyagjJAnatva hI hai; apUrvArthagrAhitva nhiiN| padArthake nityAnitya honeke kAraNa usameM aneka pramANoMkI pravRttikA pUrA-pUrA avasara hai / pramANake bheda: prAcIna kAlase pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do bheda nirvivAda rUpase svIkRta cale A rahe haiN| Agamika paribhASAmeM AtmamAtrasApekSa jJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiM, aura jina jJAnoMmeM indriya, mana aura prakAza Adi parasAdhanoMkI apekSA hotI hai ve parokSa haiM / pratyakSa aura parokSako yaha 'paribhASA jaina paraMparAkI apanI hai| usameM pratyeka vastu apane pariNamanameM svayaM upAdAna hotI hai| jitane paranimittaka pariNamana haiM, ve saba vyavahAramUlaka haiM / jo mAtra svajanya haiM, ve hI paramArtha haiM aura nizcayanayake 1. parIkSAmukha 61 / 2. 'jaM parado viNNANaM taM tu parokkhatti bhaNidamatthesu / jaM kevalaNa NAdaM havadi hu jIveNa paccakkhaM ||'-prvcnsaar gA0 58 /
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________________ pramANamImAMsA 265 viSaya hai / pratyakSa aura parokSa ke lakSaNa aura vibhAjanameM bhI yahI dRSTi kAma kara rahI hai aura usake nirvAhake lie 'akSa' zabdakA artha' AtmA kiyA gayA hai| pratyakSa zabdakA prayoga jo lokameM indriyapratyakSake arthameM dekhA jAtA hai use sAMvyavahArika saMjJA dI gaI hai, yadyapi Agamika paramArtha vyAkhyAke anusAra indriyajanya jJAna parasApekSa honese parokSa hai; kintu lokavyavahArako bhI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI thii| jaina dRSTimeM upAdAnayogyatApara hI vizeSa bhAra diyA gayA hai| nimittase yadyapi upAdAnayogyatA vikasita hotI hai, parantu nimittasApekSa pariNamana utkRSTa aura zuddha nahIM mAne jAte / isIlie pratyakSa jaise utkRSTa jJAna meM upAdAna AtmA kI hI apekSA mAnI hai, indriya aura mana jaise nikaTatama sAdhanoMkI nahIM / AtmamAtra-sApekSatA pratyakSa vyavahArakA kAraNa hai aura indriyamanojanyatA parokSavyavahArakI niyAmikA hai| yaha jaina dRSTikA apanA AdhyAtmika nirUpaNa hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo jJAna sarvathA svAvalambI hai, jisameM bAhya sAdhanoMkI AvazyakatA nahIM hai vahI jJAna pratyakSa kahalAneke yogya hai, aura jisameM indriya, mana aura prakAza Adi sAdhanoMko AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve jJAna parokSa hai / isa taraha malameM pramANake do bheda hote hai-eka pratyakSa aura dUsarA parokSa / pratyakSa pramANa : siddhasena divAkara ne pratyakSakA lakSaNa 'aparokSarUpane arthakA grahaNa karanA pratyakSa hai' yaha kiyA hai| isa lakSaNameM pratyakSakA svarUpa taba taka samajhameM nahIM AtA, jaba taka ki parokSakA svarUpa na samajha liyA jAya / 1 'akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtotyakSa AtmA'-sarvArthasi0 pR0 59 / 2 'aparokSatayArthasya grAhakaM zAnamIdRzam / / pratyakSamitarajzeyaM parokSaM grahaNekSayA ||'-nyaayaavtaar zlo0 4 /
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________________ 266 jainadarzana akalaMkadeva' ne 'nyAyavinizciya' meM spaSTa jJAnako pratyakSa kahA hai| unake lakSaNameM 'sAkAra' aura 'aJjasA' pada bhI apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhate haiM; arthAt sAkArajJAna jaba aJjasA spaSTa arthAt paramArtharUpase vizada ho taba use pratyakSa kahate hai / vaizadya kA lakSaNa akalaMkadevane svayaM laghIyastrayameM isa taraha kiyA hai "anumAnAdyatirekeNa vizepapratibhAsanam / tadvaizacaM manaM buddheravaizadyamataH param // 4 // " arthAt anumAnAdise adhika niyata deza, kAla, aura AkArarUpameM pracuratara vizepoMke pratibhAsanako vAdya kahate hai| dUsare zabdoMme jisa jJAnameM kisI anya jJAnakI sahAyatA apekSita na ho vaha jJAna vizada kahalAtA hai| jisa taraha anumAnAdi jJAna apanI utpattimeM liMgajJAna, vyAptismaraNa AdikI apekSA rakhate hai, usa taraha pratyakSa apanI utpattimeM kisI anya jJAnako AvazyakatA nahIM rakhatA / yahI anumAnAdise pratyakSa meM atireka-adhikatA hai| yadyapi bauddha bhI vizadajJAnako pratyakSa kahate hai; para ve kevala nivikalpaka jJAnako hI pratyakSako sImAme rakhate hai| unakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki svalakSaNavastu paramArthataH zabdazanya hai / ataH usase utpanna honevAlA pratyakSa bhI zabdazUnya hI honA cAhiye / zabdakA arthake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| zabdake abhAvame bhI padArtha apane svarUpameM rahatA hai aura padArtha ke na hone para bhI yatheccha dAbdoMkA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / zabdakA prayoga saMketa aura vivakSAke adhIna hai / ataH paramArthasat vastuse utpanna honevAle nivikalpaka pratyakSase zabdakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| zabdakA prayoga to vikalpavAsanAke kAraNa pUrvokta nirvikalpaka jJAnase utpanna honevAle savikalpaka 1. 'pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTaM sAkAramaJjasA'-nyAyavi0 shlo03| 2. 'pratyakSaM kalpanApADhaM vaidyate'tiparisphuTam / ' -tattvasaM0 kA0 1234 /
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 267 jJAnameM hI hotA hai / zabda-saMsRSTajJAna niyamase padArthakA grAhaka nahIM hotaa| aneka vikalpakajJAna aise hote hai, jinake viSayabhUta padArtha vidyamAna nahIM hote, jaise zekhacillIkI 'maiM rAjA hU~' ityAdi kalpanAoMke / jo vikalpajJAna nirvikalpakase utpanna hotA hai, mAtra vikalpavAsanAse nahIM, usa savikalpakame jo vizadatA aura arthaniyatatA dekhI jAtI hai, vaha usa vikalpakA apanA dharma nahIM hai, kintu nirvikalpame udhAra liyA huA hai| nivikalpakake anantara kSaName hI savikalpaka utpanna hotA hai, ataH nirvikalpakakI vizadatA savikalpakameM pratibhAsita hone lagato hai aura isa taraha savikalpaka bhI nirvikalpakakI vizadatAkA svAmA banakara vyavahArame pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai| ___ parantu jaina dArganika paraMparAme nirAkAra nirvikalpaka darzanako pramANakoTise varbhUita hI rakhA hai aura nizcayAtmaka savikalpaka jJAnako hI pramANa mAnakara vizadajJAnako pratyakSakoTima liyA hai| bauddhakA nivikalpakajJAna viSaya-vipayosannipAtake anantara hone vAle mAmAnyAvabhAsI anAkAra darzanake samAna hai| yaha anAkAra darzana itanA nirbala hotA hai ki imase vyavahAra to dUra rahA kintu padArthakA nizcaya bhI nahIM ho pAtA / ata: usako spaSTa yA pramANa mAnanA kimI bhI taraha ucita nahIM hai / vizadatA aura nizcayapanA vikalpakA apanA dharma hai aura vaha nAnAvaraNake kSayopazamake anusAra isameM pAyA jAtA hai / imo abhiprAyakA mUcana karaneke lie akalaMkadevane 'aJjasA' aura 'sAkAra' pada pratyakSake lakSaNameM diye hai| jina vikalpajJAnoMkA viSayabhUta padArtha bAhyame nahIM milatA ve vikalpAbhAsa hai, pratyakSa nhiiN| jaise gandaganya nirvikalpakase gabdasaMmRSTa vikalpa utpanna ho jAtA hai vaise yadi zabdazUnya arthame bhI sIdhA vikalpa utpanna ho to kyA bAdhA hai ? yadyapi jJAnakI utpattimeM padArthakI asAdhAraNa kAraNatA nahIM hai| jJAta hotA hai ki vedakI pramANatAkA khaNDana karaneke vicArase bauddhoMne
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________________ 268 jainadarzana zabdakA arthake sAtha vAstavika sambandha hI nahIM mAnA aura una yAvat zabdasaMsRSTa jJAnoMkA, jinakA samarthana nirvikalpakase nahIM hotA, aprAmANya ghoSita kara diyA hai, aura unhIM jJAnoMko pramANa mAnA hai, jo sAkSAt yA paramparAse arthasAmarthyajanya haiM / parantu zabdamAtrako apramANa kahanA ucita nahIM haiM / ve zabda bhale hI apramANa hoM, jinakA viSayabhUta artha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| do pratyakSa jaba AtmamAtrasApekSa jJAnako pratyakSa mAnA aura akSa zabdakA artha AtmA kiyA gayA, taba lokavyavahAra meM pratyakSarUpase prasiddha indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSakI samasyAkA samanvaya jaina dArzanikoMne eka 'saMvyavahArapratyakSa' mAnakara kiyaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya' aura laghIyastraya granthoM meM indriya aura manojanya jJAnako saMvyavahAra pratyakSa svIkAra kiyA hai / isake kAraNa bhI ye haiM ki eka to lokavyavahAra meM tathA sabhI itara darzanoMmeM yaha pratyakSarUpase prasiddha hai aura pratyakSatAke prayojaka vaizadya (nirmalatA ) kA aMza isameM pAyA jAtA hai| isa taraha upacArakA kAraNa milanese indriyapratyakSameM pratyakSatAkA upacAra kara liyA gayA hai / vastutaH AdhyAtmika dRSTimeM ye jJAna parokSa hI haiN| tattvArthasUtra ( 1 / 13 ) meM matijJAnakI mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha ina paryAyoMkA nirdeza milatA hai| inameM mati, indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA jJAna hai| isakI utpattimeM jJAnAntarakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| Ageke smRti, saMjJA, cintA Adi jJAnoMmeM kramaza: pUrvAnubhava, smaraNa aura pratyakSa, smaraNa, pratyakSa aura pratyabhijJAna, liGgadarzana aura vyAptismaraNa Adi jJAnAntaroMkI apekSA rahatI hai, jaba ki indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasa1 'iMdiyamaNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM |'-vishessaa0 gA0 95 / 2 'tatra sAMvyavahArikam indriyAnindriyapratyakSam / ' -laghI0 sva0 shlo04|
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________________ 269 pratyakSapramANamImAMsA pratyakSameM koI bhI anya jJAna apekSita nahIM hotaa| isI vizeSatAke kAraNa indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSarUpI matiko saMvyavahArapratyakSa kA pada milA hai| 1. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa pA~ca indriyA~ aura mana ina chaha kAraNoMse saMvyavahArapratyakSa utpanna hotA hai / isake mUla do bheda haiM (1) indriyasaMvyavahArapratyakSa (2) anindriyasaMvyavahArapratyakSa / anindriyapratyakSa kevala manase utpanna hotA hai, jaba ki indriyapratyakSameM indriyoMke sAtha mana bhI kAraNa hotA hai / indriyoMkI prApyakAritA-aprApyakAritA : 'indriyoMmeM cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI hai arthAt ye padArthako prApta kiye binA hI dUrase hI usakA jJAna kara lete haiM / sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa ye tIna indriyA~ padArthoMse sambaddha hokara unheM jAnatI haiN| kAna zabda ko spRSTa honepara sunatA hai| sparzanAdi indriyA~ padArthoMke sambandhakAlameM unase spRSTa bhI hotI haiM aura baddha bhI / baddhakA artha hai-indriyoMmeM alpakAlika vikArapariNati / jaise atyanta ThaNDe pAnImeM hAtha DubAnepara kucha kAlataka hAtha aisA ThiThura jAtA hai ki usase dUsarA sparza zIghra gRhIta nahIM hotaa| kisI teja garama padArthako khA lenepara rasanA bhI vikRta hotI huI dekhI jAtI hai / parantu kAnase kisI bhI prakArake zabda sunanepara aisA koI vikAra anubhavameM nahIM aataa| sannikarSa-vicAra: naiyAyikAdi cakSukA bhI padArthake sAtha sannikarSa mAnate haiN| unakA 1 'puTuM suNei sadaM apuDhe puNa vi passade rUpaM / phAsaM rasaM ca gaMdhaM baddhaM puDhe vijANAdi ||'-aa0 ni0 gA0 5 /
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________________ 270 jainadarzana kahanA hai ki cakSu taijasa padArtha hai / usakI kiraNeM nikalakara padArthose sambandha karatI hai aura taba cakSuke dvArA padArthakA jJAna hotA hai / cakSu ki padArthake rUpa, rasa Adi guNoMmese kevala rUpako hI prakAzita karatI hai, ataH vaha dIpakakI taraha taijasa hai| mana vyApaka AtmAse saMyukta hotA hai aura AtmA jagatke samasta padArthoMse saMyukta hai, ataH mana kisI bhI bAhya padArthako saMyuktasaMyoga Adi sambandhoMse jAnatA hai / mana apane sukhakA sAkSAtkAra saMyuktasamavAyasambandhase karatA hai| mana AtmAse saMyukta hai aura AtmAmeM sukhakA samavAya hai, isa taraha cakSu aura mana donoM prApyakArI hai| parantu nimnalikhita kAraNoMse cakSukA padArthake sAtha sannikarSa siddha nahIM hotA (1) yadi cakSu prApyakArI hai to use svayaMmeM lage hue aMjanako dekha lenA cAhie / (2) yadi cakSu prApyakArI hai to vaha sparzana indriyakI taraha samIpavartI vRkSakI zAkhA aura dUravartI candramAko ekasAtha nahIM dekha sakatI / ( 3 ) yaha koI Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jo karaNa ho vaha padArtha se saMyukta hokara hI apanA kAma kare / cumbaka dUrase hI loheko khIMca letA hai / ( 4 ) cakSu abhraka, kAMca aura sphaTika Adise vyavahita padArthoke rUpako bhI dekha letI hai, jaba ki prApyakArI sparzanAdi indriyA~ unake sparza Adiko nahIM jAna sakatI / cakSuko tejodravya kahanA bhI pratItiviruddha hai; kyoMki eka to tejodravya svataMtra dravya nahIM hai, dUsare uSNa sparza aura bhAsvara rUpa isameM nahIM pAyA jaataa| cakSuko prApyakArI mAnanepara padArthameM dUra aura nikaTa vyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| isI taraha saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna bhI nahIM ho skeNge| AjakA vijJAna mAnatA hai ki A~kha eka prakArakA kemarA hai / usameM 1. dekho, tatvArthavAtika pR0 68 /
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________________ 271 pratyakSapramANamImAMsA padArthoMko kiraNeM pratibimbita hotI haiM / kiraNoMke pratibimba par3anese jJAnatantu udbuddha hote haiM aura phira cakSu una padArthoko dekhatI hai / cakSumeM Aye hue pratibimbakA kArya kevala cetanAko udbuddha kara denA hai / vaha svayaM dikhAI nahIM detaa| isa praNAlImeM yaha bAta to spaSTa hai ki cakSune yogya dezameM sthita padArthako hI jAnA hai, apaneme par3e hue pratibimbako nhiiN| padArthoke prativimba par3aneko kriyA to kevala svicako dabAnekI kriyAke samAna hai, jo vidyuta zaktiko pravAhita kara detA hai / ataH isa prakriyAse jainoMke cakSuko aprApyakArI mAnaneke vicArameM koI vizeSa bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotii| zrotra aprApyakArI nahIM : bauddha zrotrako bhI aprApyakArI mAnate hai| unakA vicAra hai kizabda bhI dUrase hI sunA jAtA hai / ve cakSu aura manake sAtha zrotrake bhI aprApyakArI honekA spaSTa nirdeza karate hai| yadi zrotra prApyakArI hotA to zabdameM dUra aura nikaTa vyavahAra nahIM honA cAhie thaa| kintu jaba zrotra kAnameM ghuse hue maccharake zabdako suna letA hai, to aprApyakAro nahIM ho sakatA / prApyakArI ghrANa indriyake vipayabhUta gandhameM bhI 'kamalakI gandha dUra hai, mAlatIko gandha pAsa hai' ityAdi vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai / yadi cakSukI taraha zrotra bhI aprApyakArI hai to jaise rUpameM dizA aura dezakA saMzaya nahIM hotA usI taraha zabdameM bhI nahIM honA cAhie thA, kintu zabdameM 'yaha kisa dizAse zabda AyA hai ?' isa prakArakA saMzaya dekhA jAtA hai / ataH zrotrako bhI sparzanAdi indriyoMkI taraha prApya 'aprAptAnyakSimanaHzrotrANi / ' -abhidharmakoza 1143 / tatvama graha0 paM0 pR0 603 / dekho tatvArthavArtika pR0 68-69 /
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________________ 272 jainadarzana kArI hI nahIM mAnanA cAhie / jaba zabda vAtAvaraNa meM utpanna hotA huA kramazaH kAnake bhItara pahu~catA hai, tabhI sunAI detA hai / zrotrakA zabdo - tpattike sthAna meM pahu~canA to nitAnta bAdhita hai / jJAnakA utpatti-krama, avagrahAdi bheda : sAMvyavahArika indriyapratyakSa cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai - avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA / sarva prathama viSaya aura viSayoke sannipAta (yogyadezAvasthiti ) honepara darzana hotA hai / yaha darzana sAmAnya-sattAkA Alocaka hotA hai / isake AkArako hama mAtra 'hai' ke rUpameM nirdiSTa kara sakate haiM / yaha astitvarUpa mahAsattA yA sAmAnya - sattAkA pratibhAsa karatA hai / isake bAda usa viSayakI avAntara sattA ( manuSyatva Adi ) se yukta vastukA grahaNa karanevAlA 'yaha puruSa hai' aisA avagraha jJAna hotA hai / avagraha jJAnameM puruSatvaviziSTa puruSakA spaSTa bodha hotA hai / jo indriyA~ prApyakArI haiM, unake dvArA darzanake bAda sarvaprathama vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai / jisa prakAra kore ghar3emeM jaba do, tIna, cAra jalabindue turanta sUkha jAtI haiM, taba kahIM ghar3A dhIre-dhIre golA hotA hai, usI taraha vyaMjanAvagrahameM padArthakA avyakta bodha hotA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prApyakArI sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura zrotra indriyA~ aneka prakArakI upakaraNa- tvacAoMse AvRta rahatI haiM, ataH unheM bhedakara indriya taka viSaya sambandha honemeM eka kSaNa to laga hI jAtA hai / aprApyakArI cakSukI upakaraNabhUta palakeM A~khake tAreke Upara haiM aura palakeM khulane ke bAda hI dekhanA prArambha hotA hai / A~kha khulaneke bAda padArthake dekhanemeM aspaSTatAkI guMjAiza nahIM rahatI / jitanI zakti hogI, utanA spaSTa hI dikhegA / ataH cakSuindriyase vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM hotA / vyaJjanAvagraha zeSa cAra indriyoMse hI hotA hai / avagrahake bAda usake dvArA jJAna viSayameM 'yaha puruSa dakSiNI hai yA uttarI ?" isa prakArakA vizeSaviSayaka saMzaya hotA hai / saMzayake anantara
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________________ 273 pratyakSapramANamImAMsA bhASA aura vezako dekhakara nirNayakI ora jhukanevAlA 'yaha dakSiNI honA cAhie' aisA bhavitavyatArUpa 'IhA' jJAna hotA hai| IhAke bAda vizeSa cihnoMse 'yaha dakSiNI hI hai' aisA nirNayAtmaka 'avAya' jJAna hotA hai / kahIM isakA apAyake rUpameM bhI ullekha milatA hai, jisakA artha hai 'aniSTa aMzako nivRtti karanA' / apAya arthAt 'nivRtti' / avAyameM iSTa aMzakA nizcaya vivakSita hai jaba ki apAyameM aniSTa aMzakI nivRtti mukhyarUpase lakSita hotI hai| _ yahI avAya uttarakAlameM dRr3ha hokara 'dhAraNA' bana jAtA hai| isI dhAraNAke kAraNa kAlAntarameM usa vastukA smaraNa hotA hai| dhAraNAko saMskAra bhI kahate hai| jaba taka indriyavyApAra cAlU hai taba taka dhAraNA indriyapratyakSake rUpameM rahatI hai / indriyavyApArake nivRtta hojAnepara yahI dhAraNA zaktirUpameM saMskAra bana jAtI hai / ____ inameM saMzaya jJAnako chor3akara bAkI vyaJjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA yadi arthakA yathArtha nizcaya karAte hai to pramANa haiM, anyathA apramANa / pramANatAkA artha hai jo vastu jaisI pratibhAsita hotI hai usakA usI rUpameM milnaa| sabhI jJAna svasaMvedI haiM : ye sabhI jJAna svasaMvedI hote haiN| ye apane svarUpakA bodha svayaM karate hai| ataH svasaMvedanapratyakSako svatantra mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jaatii| jo jisa jJAnakA svasaMvedana hai, vaha usImeM antarbhUta ho jAtA hai; indriyapratyakSakA svasaMvedana indriyapratyakSameM aura mAnasapratyakSakA svasaMvedana mAnasapratyakSameM / kintu svasaMvedanako dRSTise apramANavyavahAra yA pramANAbhAsako kalpanA kathamapi nahIM hotii| jJAna pramANa ho yA apramANa, usakA svasaMvedana to jJAnake rUpameM yathArtha hI hotA hai| yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa ?' isa prakArake saMzaya jJAnakA svasaMvedana bhI apanemeM nizcayAtmaka
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________________ 274 jainadarzana hI hotA hai / ukta prakArake jJAnake honemeM saMzaya nahIM hai / saMzaya to usake viSayabhUta padArtha meM hai / isI prakAra viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya jJAnoMkA svarUpasaMvedana apane meM nizcayAtmaka aura yathArtha hI hotA hai / mAnasapratyakSa meM kevala manase sukhAdikakA saMvedana hotA ho| isameM indriyavyApAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / avagrahAdi bahu Adi arthoMke hote haiM : 2 grahAdijJAna eka, bahu, ekavidha, bahuvidha, kSipra, akSitra, niHsRta, aniHsRta, ukta, anukta, dhruva aura adhruva isa taraha bAraha prakArake arthoke hote hai / cakSu Adi indriyoMke dvArA honevAle avagrahAdi mAtra rUpAdi guNoMko hI nahIM jAnate, kintu una guNoMke dvArA dravyako grahaNa karate hai; kyoMki guNa aura guNImeM kathaJcit abheda honese guNakA grahaNa hone para guNIkA bhI grahaNa usa rUpameM ho ho jAtA hai / kisI aise indriyajJAnakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, jo dravyako chor3akara mAtra guNako, yA guNako chor3akara mAtra dravyako grahaNa karatA ho / viparyaya Adi mithyAjJAna- viparyaya jJAnakA svarUpa : indriyadoSa tathA sAdRzya Adike kAraNa jo viparyaya jJAna hotA hai, vaha jaina darzana meM viparItakhyAtike rUpase svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kisI padArtha meM usase viparIta padArthakA pratibhAsa honA viparIta khyAti kahalAtI hai / 'yaha padArtha viparIta hai' isa prakArakA pratibhAsa viparyayakAlameM nahIM hotA hai / yadi pramAtAko yaha mAlUma ho jAya ki 'yaha padArtha viparIta hai' taba to vaha jJAna yathArtha hI ho jAyagA / ataH puruSase viparIta sthANumeM 1. dekho tattvArthasUtra 1 / 16 / tattvArthasUtra 1 / 17 / 2,
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 275 'puruSa' isa prakArakI khyAti arthAt pratibhAsa viparItakhyAti kahalAtA hai| yadyapi viparyayakAlameM puruSa vahAM nahIM hai, parantu sAdRzya Adike kAraNa pUrvadRSTa puruSakA smaraNa hokara usameM puruSakA bhAna hotA hai aura yaha saba hotA hai indriyadopa Adike kaarnn| isameM alaukika, anirvacanIya, asat, sat yA AtmAkA pratibhAsa mAnanA yA isa jJAnako nirAlambana hI mAnanA pratItiviruddha hai| viparyayajJAnakA Alambana to vaha padArtha hai hI jisameM sAdRzya Adike kAraNa viparIta bhAna ho rahA hai aura jo viparIta padArtha usameM pratibhAsita ho rahA hai| vaha yadyapi vahA~ vidyamAna nahIM hai, kintu sAdRzya Adike kAraNa smaraNakA viSaya banakara jhalaka to jAtA hI hai / antataH viparyayajJAnakA viSayabhUta padArtha viparyayakAlameM AlambanabhUta padArthameM Aropita kiyA jAtA hai aura isIlie vaha viparyaya hai / asalyAti aura AtmakhyAti nahIM : viparyayakAlameM sIpameM cA~dI A jAtI hai, yaha nirI kalpanA hai; kyoMki yadi usa kAlameM cA~dI AtI ho, to vahA~ baiThe hue purupako dikha jAnI cAhiye / retameM jalajJAnake samaya yadi jala vahA~ A jAtA hai, to pIche jamIna to gIlI milanI cAhiye / mAnasabhrAnti apane mithyA saMskAra aura vicAroMke anusAra aneka prakArakI huA karatI hai| AtmAkI taraha bAhya padArthakA astitva bhI svataHsiddha aura paramArthasat hI hai| ataH bAhyArthakA niSedha karake nitya brahma yA kSaNika jJAnakA pratibhAsa kahanA bhI sayuktika nahIM hai| viparyaya jJAnake kAraNa : viparyaya jJAnake aneka kAraNa hote hai; vAta-pittAdikA kSobha, viSayako caMcalatA, kisI kriyAkA atizIghra honA, sAdRzya aura indriyavikAra aadi| ina doSoMke kAraNa mana aura indriyoMme vikAra utpanna hotA hai
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________________ jainadarzana aura indriyameM vikAra honese viparyayAdi jJAna hote haiM / antataH indriyavikAra hI viparyayakA mukhya hetu siddha hotA hai / anirvacanIyArthakhyAti nahIM: viparyaya jJAnako sat, asat AdirUpase anirvacanIya kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki usakA viparItarUpameM nirvacana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'idaM rajatam' yaha zabdaprayoga svayaM apanI nirvacanIyatA batA rahA hai| pahale dekhA gayA rajata hI sAdRzyAdike kAraNa sAmane rakhI huI sIpameM jhalakane lagatA hai| akhyAti nahIM: yadi viparyaya jJAnameM kucha bhI pratibhAsita na ho, vaha akhyAti arthAt niviSaya ho; to bhrAnti aura suSuptAvasthAmeM koI antara hI nahIM raha jaaygaa| suSuptAvasthAse bhrAntidazAke bhedakA eka hI kAraNa hai ki bhrAnti avasthAmeM kucha to pratibhAsita hotA hai, jabaki suSuptAvasthAmeM kucha bhI nhiiN| asalyAti nahIM yadi viparyayameM asat padArthakA pratibhAsa mAnA jAtA hai, to vicitra prakArakI bhrAntiyA~ nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki asatakhyAtivAdoke matameM vicitratAkA kAraNa jJAnagata yA arthagata kucha bhI nahIM hai / sAmane rakhI huI vastubhUta zuktikA hI isa jJAnakA Alambana hai, anyathA aMgulike dvArA usakA nirdeza nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thaa| yadyapi yahA~ rajata avidyamAna hai, phira bhI ise asatkhyAti nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki isameM sAdRzya kAraNa par3a rahA hai, jabaki asatkhyAtimeM sAdRzya kAraNa nahIM hotaa| viparyayajJAna smRti-pramoSa: viparyayajJAnako isarUpase smRtipramoSarUpa kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA ki 'idaM rajatam' yahA~ 'idam' zabda sAmane rakhe hue padArthakA nirdeza karatA hai aura 'rajatam' pUrvadRSTa rajatakA smaraNa hai / sAdRzyAdi doSoMke kAraNa vaha smaraNa apane 'tat' AkArako chor3akara utpanna hotA hai / yahI usakI viparyayarUpatA hai| yadi yahA~ 'tadrajatam' aisA pratibhAsa hotA; to vaha samyagjJAna hI ho jaataa| ata: 'idam' yaha eka svataMtra jJAna hai aura 'rajatam' yaha adhUrA smaraNa / cU~ki donoMkA bheda jJAta nahIM hotA, ataH 'idaM' ke sAtha 'rajatam' juTakara 'idaM rajatam' yaha eka jJAna mAlUma hone lagatA hai| kintu yaha ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki yahAM do jJAna pratibhAsita hI nahIM hote / eka hI jJAna sAmane rakhe hue camakadAra padArthako viSaya karatA hai| vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki vastudarzanake anantara tadvAcaka zabdakI smRtike samaya viparItavizeSakA smaraNa hokara vahI pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai| usa samaya camacamAhaTake kAraNa guktikAke vizeSa dharma pratibhAsita na hokara unakA sthAna rajatake dharma le lete hai| isa taraha viparyayajJAnake vananemeM sAmAnyakA pratibhAma, vizeSakA apratibhAma aura viparIta vizepakA smaraNa ye kAraNa bhale hI hoM, para viparyayakAlameM 'idaM rajatam' yaha eka hI jJAna rahatA hai| aura vaha viparIta AkArako viSaya karaneke kAraNa viparItakhyAtirUpa hI hai / saMzayakA svarUpa : ___ saMzaya jJAnameM jina do koTiyoMmeM jJAna calita yA dolita rahatA hai, ve donoM koTiyA~ bhI buddhiniSTha hI hai| ubhayasAdhAraNa padArthake darzanase paraspara virodhI do vizepoMkA smaraNa ho jAneke kAraNa jJAna donoM koTiyoMmeM jhUlane lagatA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki saMzaya aura viparyayajJAna pUrvAnubhUta vizeSake hI hote haiM, ananubhUtake nhiiN| saMzaya jJAnameM prathama hI sAmane vidyamAna sthANuke uccatva Adi sAmAnyadharma pratibhAsita hote hai, phira usake puruSa aura sthANu ina do
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________________ 278 jainadarzana vizeSoMkA yugapat smaraNa A jAnese jJAna donoM koTiyoMmeM dolita ho jAtA hai| 2. pAramArthika pratyakSa : pAramArthika pratyakSa sampUrNa rUpase vizada hotA hai| vaha mAtra AtmAse utpanna hotA hai| indriya aura manake vyApArakI usameM AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / vaha do prakArakA hai-eka sakalapratyakSa aura dUsarA vikalapratyakSa / kevalajJAna sakalapratyakSa hai aura avadhijJAna tathA manaHparyayajJAna vikalapratyakSa hai| avadhijJAna: 'avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAyake kSayopazamase utpanna honevAlA jJAna avadhijJAna hai| yaha rUpidravyako hI viSaya karatA hai, AtmAdi arUpI dravyako nhiiN| cUMki isako apano dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI maryAdA nizcita hai aura yaha noceko tarapha adhika viSayako jAnatA hai, ataeva avadhijJAna kahA jAtA hai| isake dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi ye tIna bheda hote haiN| manuSya aura tiryaMcoMke guNapratyaya dezAvadhi hotA hai aura deva tathA nArakiyoMke bhavapratyaya / bhavapratyaya avadhimeM karmakA kSayopazama usa paryAyake hI nimittase ho jAtA hai, jabaki manuSya aura tiryaJcoMke honevAle dezAvadhikA kSayopazama guNanimittaka hotA hai| paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi caramazarorI munike hI hote haiN| dezAvadhi pratipAtI hotA hai, parantu sarvAvadhi aura paramAvadhi pratIpAtI nahIM hote / saMyamase cyuta hokara avirata aura mithyAtva-bhUmipara A jAnA pratIpAta kahA jAtA hai / athavA, mokSa honeke pahale jo avadhijJAna chUTa jAtA hai, vaha pratipAtI hotA hai| avadhijJAna sUkSmarUpase eka paramANuko jAna sakatA hai| 1. dekho, tattvArthavAttika 221-22 /
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 279 manaHparyayajJAna : 'manaHparyayajJAna dUsareke manakI bAtako jAnatA hai / isake do bheda hai-eka Rjumati aura dUsarA vipulamati / Rjamati sarala mana, vacana, aura kAyase vicAraM gaye padArthako jAnatA hai, jaba ki vipulamati sarala aura kuTila donoM tarahase vicAre gaye padArthoko jAnatA hai| manaHparyayajJAna bhI indriya aura manakI sahAyatAke binA hI hotA hai| dUmarekA mana to isameM kevala Alambana par3atA hai / 'manaHparyayajJAnI dUsareke manameM AnevAle vicAroMko arthAt vicAra karanevAle manako paryAyoMko sAkSAt jAnatA hai aura usake anusAra bAhya padArthoko anumAnase jAnatA hai' yaha eka AcAryakA mata hai| dUsare AcArya manaHparyayajJAnake dvArA bAhya padArthakA sAkSAt jJAna bhI mAnate hai / manaHparyayajJAna prakRSTa cAritravAle sAdhuke hI hotA hai| isakA viSaya avadhijJAnase anantavA bhAga sUkSma hotA hai / isakA kSetra manuSyaloka barAbara hai| kevalajJAna : samasta jJAnAvaraNake samUla nAza honepara prakaTa honevAlA nirAvaraNa jJAna kevalajJAna hai / yaha AtmamAtrasApekSa hotA hai aura kevala arthAt akelA hotA hai| isa jJAnake utpanna hote hI samasta kSAyopazamika jJAna vilIna ho jAte hai| yaha samasta dravyoMkI trikAlavartI sabhI paryAyoMko jAnatA hai tathA atIdriya hotA hai| yaha sampUrNa rUpase nirmala hotA hai / isake siddha karanekI mala yukti yaha hai ki AtmA jaba jJAnasvabhAva hai 1. dekho, tatvArthavArtika 1126 / 2. "jANai bajjhe'NumANeNa-vizeSA0 gA0 814 / 3. "zasyAvaraNavicchade zeyaM kimavaziSyate ?" -nyAyavi0 zlo0465 / "zo zeye kathamazaH syAdasati prtibndhke| dAdye'gnirdAhako na syAdasati pratibandhake // " -uddhRta aSTasaha0 pR050|
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________________ 280 jainadarzana aura AvaraNake kAraNa isakA yaha jJAnasvabhAva khaMDa-khaMDa karake prakaTa hotA hai taba sampUrNa AvaraNake haTa jAnepara jJAnako apane pUrNarUpameM prakAzamAna honA hI cAhie / jaise agnikA svabhAva jalAnekA hai / yadi koI pratibandha na ho to agni Indhanako jalAyagI ho| usI taraha jJAnasvabhAva AtmA pratibandhakoMke haTa jAne para jagatake samasta padarthoko jAnegA hii| 'jo padArtha kisI jJAnake jJeya hai, ve kisI-na-kisIke pratyakSa avazya hote haiM / jaise parvatIya agni' ityAdi aneka anumAna usa nirAvaraNa jJAnako siddhike lie diye jAte hai| sarvajJatAkA itihAsa: prAcIna kAlameM bhAratavarpako paramparAke anusAra sarvajJatAkA sambandha bhI mokSake hI sAtha thaa| mumukSuoMmeM vicAraNIya viSaya to yaha thA ki mokSake mArgakA kisane sAkSAtkAra kiyA ? yahI mokSamArga dharma zabdase nirdiSTa hotA hai / ataH vivAdakA viSaya yaha rahA ki dharmakA sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? eka pakSakA, jisake anugAmI zabara, kumArila Adi mImAMsaka hai, kahanA thA ki dharma jaisI atIndriya vastuoMko hama loga pratyakSase nahIM jAna sakate / dharmake sambandhameM vedakA hI antima aura nirbAdha adhikAra hai| dharmakI paribhASA "codanAlakSaNo'rthaH dharmaH" karake dharmameM vedako hI pramANa kahA hai / isa dharmajJAnameM vedako hI antima pramANa mAnaneke kAraNa unheM puruSameM atIndriyArthaviSayaka jJAnakA abhAva mAnanA pdd'aa| unhoMne puruSameM rAga, dveSa aura ajJAna Adi dopoMko zaMkA honese atIndriyadharmapratipAdaka vedako purupakRta na mAnakara apaurUSeya maanaa| isa apaurUSeyatvakI mAnyatAse hI puruSameM sarvajJatAkA arthAt pratyakSase hone vAlI dharmajJatAkA niSedha huaa| A0 kumArila spaSTa likhate haiM ki 1. 'dharmazatvaniSedhazca kevalo'tropayujyate / sarvamanyadvijAnaMstu puruSaH kena vAryate // -tattvasaM0 kA0 3128 ( kumArilake nAmase udadhRta )
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 281 ki sarvajJatvake niSedhase hamArA tAtparya kevala dharmajJatvake niSedhase hai| yadi koI puruSa dharmake sivAya saMsArake anya samasta arthoko jAnanA cAhatA hai, to bhale hI jAne, hameM koI Apatti nahIM, para dharmakA jJAna kevala vedake dvArA hI hogA, pratyakSAdi pramANoMse nhiiN| isa taraha dharmako vedake dvArA tathA dharmAtirikta zepa padArthoMko yathAsambhava anumAnAdi pramANoMse jAnakara yadi koI purupa ToTalameM sarvajJa banatA hai taba bhI koI virodha nahIM hai| dUsarA pakSa bauddhakA hai / ye vuddhako dharma-caturAryasatyakA sAkSAtkArakartA mAnate haiM / inakA kahanA hai ki buddhane apane bhAsvara jJAnake dvArA duHkha, samudaya-duHkhake kAraNa, nirodha-nirvANa, mArga-nirvANake upAya isa caturAryasatyarUpa dharmakA pratyakSa darzana kiyA hai| ataH dharmake viSayameM dharmadraSTA sugata ho antima pramANa hai| ve karuNA karake kapAyajvAlAse jhulase hue saMsArI jIvoMke uddhArakI bhAvanAse upadeza dete hai| isa matake samarthaka dharmakItine likhA hai ki 'saMsArake samasta padArthAkA koI puruSa sAkSAtkAra karatA hai yA nahIM, hama ima nirarthaka bAtake jhagar3emeM nahIM par3anA cAhate / hama to yaha jAnanA cAhate hai ki usane iSTa tattva-dharmako jAnA hai ki nahIM ? mokSamArgameM anupayogI duniyA~ bharake kIr3e-makor3oM Adi kI saMkhyAke parijJAnakA bhalA mokSamArgase kyA sambandha hai ? dharmakIrti sarvajJatAkA siddhAntataH virodha nahIM karake use nirarthaka avazya batalAte haiM / ve sarvajJatAke samarthakoMse kahate haiM ki mImAMsakoMke sAmane sarvajJatA-trikAlatrilokavartI samasta padArthokA pratyakSase jJAna-para jora kyoM dete ho? asalI vivAda to dharmajJatAmeM hai ki dharmake viSayameM dharmake sAkSAtkartAko 'tasmAdanuSTheyagataM zAnamasya vicAryatAm / kITasaMkhyAparijJAnaM tasya naH kvopayujyate // 33 // dUraM pazyatu vA mA vA tattvamiSTaM tu pazyatu / pramANaM dUradarzI cedeta gRddhAnupAsmahe // 35 // -pramANavA0 1233,35 /
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________________ 282 jainadarzana pramANa mAnA jAya yA vedako? usa dharmamArgake sAkSAtkArake liye dharmakIrtine AtmA ( jJAnapravAha ) se doSoMkA atyantoccheda mAnA aura nairAramyabhAvanA Adi usake sAdhana batAye / tAtparya yaha ki jahA~ kumArilane pratyakSase dharmajJatAkA niSedha karake dharmake viSayameM vedakA hI avyAhata adhikAra svIkAra kiyA hai, vahA~ dharmakotine pratyakSase hI dharma-mokSamArgakA sAkSAtkAra mAnakara pratyakSake dvArA honevAlI dharmajJatAkA joroMse sarmathana kiyA hai| ___ dharmakotike TokAkAra prajJAkaraguptane' sugatako dharmajJake sAtha-hI-sAtha sarvajJa-trikAlavartI yAvatpadArthoMkA jJAtA-bhI siddha kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki sugatako taraha anya yogI bhI sarvajJa ho sakate haiM yadi ve apanI sAdhaka avasthAmeM rAgAdinirmuktikI taraha sarvajJatAke lie bhI yatna kreN| jinane vItarAgatA prApta kara lI hai, ve cAheM to thor3e-se prayatnase hI sarvajJa bana sakate haiN| A0 zAntarakSita bhI isI taraha dharmajJatAsAdhanake sAtha hI sAtha sarvajJatA siddha karate haiM aura sarvajJatAko ve zaktirUpase sabhI vItarAgoMmeM mAnate haiN| koI bhI vItarAga jaba cAhe taba jisa kisI bhI vastukA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai / 1. 'tato'sya vItarAgatve sarvArthazAnasaMbhavaH / samAhitasya sakalaM cakAstIti vinizcitam // sarveSAM vItarAgANAmetat kasmAnna vidyate ? rAgAdikSayamAtre hi tairyatnasya pravartanAt // punaH kAlAntare teSAM sarvazaguNarAgiNAm / alpayatnena sarvazatvasya siddhiravAritA // ___ -pramANavArtikAlaM. pR0 329 / 2. 'yadyadicchati vodhuvA tattadvetti niyogatAH / zaktirevaMvidhA tasya prahoNAvaraNo ghasau / ' -tattvasaM0 kA0 3328 /
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 283 yogadarzana aura vaizeSika darzanameM yaha sarvajJatA aNimA Adi RddhiyoMkI taraha eka vibhUti hai, jo sabhI vItarAgoMke lie avazya hI prAptavya nahIM hai| hA~, jo isakI sAdhanA karegA use yaha prApta ho sakatI hai / jaina' dArzanikoMne prArambhase hI trikAla trilokavartI yAvatjJeyoMke pratyakSadarzanake arthameM sarvajJatA mAnI hai aura usakA samarthana bhI kiyA hai| yadyapi tarkayugase pahale "je ege jANai se savve jANai" [AcA0 sU0 1 / 23 ] -jo eka AtmAko jAnatA hai vaha saba padArthoMko jAnatA hai, ityAdi vAkya, jo sarvajJa tAke mukhya sAdhaka nahIM haiM, pAye jAte haiM, para tarkayugameM inakA jaisA cAhiye vaisA upayoga nahIM huaa| AcArya kundakundane niyamasArake zuddhopayogAdhikAra (gAthA 158 ) meM likhA hai ki 'kevalI bhagavAn samasta padArthoMko jAnate aura dekhate hai' yaha kathana vyavahAranayase hai / parantu nizcayase ve apane AtmasvarUpako hI dekhate aura jAnate haiM / isase spaSTa phalita hotA hai ki kevalIkI parapadArthajJatA vyAvahArika hai, naizcayika nahIM / vyavahAranayako abhUtArtha aura nizcayanayako bhUtArtha-paramArtha svIkAra karaneko mAnyatAse sarvajJatAkA paryavasAna antataH AtmajJatAmeM hI hotA hai / yadyapi unhIM kundakundAcAryake anya granthoMmeM sarvajJatAke vyAvahArika arthakA bhI varNana aura samarthana dekhA jAtA hai, para unakI nizcayadRSTi AtmajJatAkI sImAko nahIM laaNghtii| 1. 'saI bhagavaM uppaNNaNANadarisI savvaloe savvajIve savvabhAve samma samaM jANadi passadi viharaditti / ' -SaTkhaM0 paDi0 mU0 78 / 'se bhagavaM arahaM jiNe kevalI savvannU savvabhAvadarisI'savvaloe sabajIvANaM savvabhAvAI jANamANe pAsamANe evaM ca NaM viharai / ' -AcA0 2 / 3 / pR0 425 / 2. 'jANadi passadi savvaM vavahArapaeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM / '
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________________ ca jainadarzana inhIM A0 kundakundane pravacanasAra' meM sarva prathama kevalajJAnako trikAla - vartI samasta arthoMkA jAnanevAlA likhakara Age likhA hai ki jo ananta - paryAyavAle eka dravyako nahIM jAnatA vaha sabako kaise jAnatA hai ? aura jo sabako nahIM jAnatA vaha anantaparyAyavAle eka dravyako pUrI taraha kaise jAna sakatA hai ? isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jo manuSya ghaTajJAnake dvArA ghaTako jAnatA hai vaha ghaTake sAtha-hI-sAtha ghaTajJAnake svarUpakA bhI saMvedana kara hI letA hai, kyoMki pratyeka jJAna svaprakAzI hotA hai / isI taraha jo vyakti ghaTako jAnanekI zakti rakhanevAle ghaTajJAnakA yathAvat svarUpa pariccheda karatA hai vaha ghaTako to arthAt hI jAna letA hai, kyoMki usa zaktikA yathAvat vizlepaNapUrvaka parijJAna vizeSaNabhUta ghaTako jAne binA ho hI nahIM sakatA / isI prakAra AtmAmeM anantajJeyoMke jAnanekI zakti hai | ataH jo saMsArake anantajJeyoMko jAnatA hai vaha anantajJeyoMke jAnane kI zakti rakhanevAle pUrNajJAnasvarUpa AtmAko jAna hI letA hai aura jo ananta jJeyoMke jAnaneko zaktivAle pUrNajJAnasvarUpa AtmAko yathAvat vizleSaNa karake jAnatA hai vaha una zaktiyoMke upayogasthAnabhUta anantapadArthoM ko bhI jAna hI letA hai; kyoMki anantajJeya to usa jJAnake vizeSaNa haiM aura vizeSyakA jJAna hone para vizeSaNakA jJAna avazya ho hI jAtA hai / jaise jo vyakti ghaTapratibimbavAle darpaNako jAnatA hai vaha ghaTako bhI jAnatA hai aura jo ghaTako jAnatA hai vahI darpaNa meM Aye hue ghaTake prati 284 1. 'jaM takkAliyamidaraM jANAdi jugavaM samaMtado savvaM / atthaM vicittavisamaM taM NANaM khAiyaM bhaNiyaM // baM / jo Na vijANAdi jugatraM NAdu tassa Na sakkaM davvamaNaM tapajjayamekamaNaMtANi davvajAdANi / atthe tekAlike tihuvaNatthe / savajjayaM davvamekaM vA // Na vijArNAdi jada juga katha mo mantrANi jANAdi / ' - pravacanasAra 1/47-49 /
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 285 bimbakA vAstavika vizleSaNapUrvaka yathAvat parijJAna kara sakatA hai| 'jo ekako jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai' isakA yahI rahasya hai| samantabhadra Adi AcAryoMne sUkSma, antarita aura dUravartI padArthoMkA pratyakSatva' anumeyatva hetuse siddha kiyA hai| bauddhoMkI taraha kisI bhI jainagranthameM dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatAkA vibhAjana kara unameM gauNa-mukhyabhAva nahIM batAyA hai| sabhI jaina tAkikoMne eka svarase trikAla trilokavartI samasta padArthoMke pUrNa parijJAnake arthameM sarvajJatAkA samarthana kiyA hai| dharmajJatA to ukta pUrNa sarvajJatAke garbhameM hI nihita mAna lI gaI hai| akalaMkadevane sarvajJatAkA samarthana karate hue likhA hai ki AtmAmeM samasta padArthoke jAnanekI pUrNa sAmarthya hai / saMsArI avasthAme usake jJAnakA jJAnAvaraNase AvRta honeke kAraNa pUrNa prakAza nahIM ho pAtA, para jaba caitanyake pratibandhaka karmoMkA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba usa aprApyakArI jJAnako samasta arthoke jAnanemeM kyA bAdhA hai ? yadi atIndriya padArthoMkA jJAna na ho sake, to sUrya, candra Adi jyotirgrahoMkI grahaNa Adi bhaviSyata dazAoMkA upadeza kaise ho sakegA ? jyotirjJAnopadeza avisaMvAdI aura yathArtha dekhA jAtA hai| ataH yaha mAnanA hI cAhiye ki usakA yathArtha upadeza atIndriyArthadarzanake binA nahIM ho sktaa| jaise satyasvapnadarzana indriyAdikI sahAyatAke binA hI bhAvI rAjyalAbha AdikA yathArtha spaSTa jJAna karAtA hai tathA vizada hai, usI taraha sarvajJakA jJAna bhI bhAvI padA 1. 'sUkSmAntaritadUrArthAH pratyakSAH ksycidythaa| ., . anumeyatvato'gnyAdiriti marvakSasaMsthitiH // ' 6 -AptamI0 zlo0 5 / 2. dekho, nyAyavi0 zlo0 465 / / 3. 'dhIratyantaparokSe'rthe na cetpusAM kutaH punaH / jyotizAMnAvisaMvAdaH zrutAccatsAdhanAntaram // ' -siddhivi. To0 li. pR0 413 / nyAyavi0 zloka 414 /
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________________ 286 jainadarzana rthoMmeM saMvAdaka aura spaSTa hotA hai| jaise praznavidyA yA IkSaNikAdividyA' atIndriya padArthoMkA spaSTa bhAna karA detI hai; usI taraha atIndriyajJAna bhI spaSTa pratibhAsaka hotA hai| ____AcArya vIrasena svAmIne jayaghavalA TIkAmeM kevalajJAnakI siddhike lie eka navIna hI yukti dI hai| ve likhate hai ki kevalajJAna hI AtmA kA svabhAva hai / yahI kevalajJAna jJAnAvaraNakarmase AvRta hotA hai aura AvaraNake kSayopazamake anusAra matijJAna Adike rUpameM prakaTa hotA hai / to jaba hama matijJAna AdikA svasaMvedana karate hai taba usa rUpase aMzI kevalajJAnakA bhI aMzataH svasaMvedana ho jAtA hai| jaise parvatake eka aMzako dekhane para bhI pUrNa parvatakA vyavahArataH pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai usI taraha matijJAnAdi avayavoMko dekhakara avayavIrUpa kevalajJAna yAnI jJAnasAmAnyakA pratyakSa bhI svasaMvedanase ho jAtA hai| yahA~ AcAryane kevalajJAnako jJAnasAmAnyarUpa mAnA hai aura usakI siddhi svasaMvedana pratyakSase kI hai / akalaMkadevane aneka sAdhaka pramANoMko batAkara jisa eka mahattvapUrNa hetukA prayoga kiyA hai vaha hai-'sunizcitAsaMbhavabAdhakapramANatva' arthAt bAdhaka pramANoMkI asaMbhavatAkA pUrNa nizcaya honaa| kisI bhI vastukI sattA siddha karaneke liye yahI 'bAdhakA'bhAva' svayaM eka balavAn sAdhaka pramANa ho sakatA hai / jaise 'maiM sukhI hU~' yahA~ sukhakA sAdhaka pramANa yahI ho sakatA hai ki mere sukhI honemeM koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai| cUMki sarvajJakI sattAmeM bhI koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai| ataH usako nidhi sattA honI caahiye| ___ isa hetuke samarthanameM unhoMne prativAdiyoMke dvArA kalpita bAdhakoMkA nirAkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai1. dekho, nyAyavinizcaya zloka 407 / 2. "asti sarvazaH sunizcitAsaMbhavabAdhakapramANatvAt mukhAdivat / " -siddhivi0 TI0 li. pR0 421 / /
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 287 prazna-arhanta sarvajJa nahIM hai, kyoMki ve vaktA hai aura puruSa haiM / jaise koI galImeM ghUmanevAlA AvArA aadmii| uttara--vaktRtva aura sarvajJatvakA koI virodha nahIM hai| vaktA bhI ho sakatA hai aura sarvajJa bhI / yadi jJAnake vikAsameM vacanoMkA hrAsa dekhA jAtA to usake atyanta vikAsameM vacanoMkA atyanta hrAsa hotA, para dekhA to usase ulaTA hI AtA hai| jyoM-jyoM jJAnako vRddhi hotI hai tyoM-tyoM vacanoMmeM prakarSatA hI AtI hai| prazna-vaktRtvakA sambandha vivakSAse hai, ataH icchArahita nirmohI sarvajJameM vacanoMkI saMbhAvanA kaise hai ? uttara--vivakSAkA vaktRtvase koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai| mandabuddhi zAstrakI vivakSA honepara bhI zAstrakA vyAkhyAna nahIM kara paataa| suSupta aura macchita Adi avasthAoMmeM vivakSA na rahanepara bhI vacanoMkI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| ataH vivakSA aura vacanoMmeM koI avinAbhAva nahIM baiThAyA jA sktaa| caitanya aura indriyoMkI paTutA hI vacanapravRttimeM kAraNa hai aura inakA sarvajJatvase koI virodha nahIM hai| athavA, vacanoMmeM vivakSAko kAraNa mAna bhI liyA jA; para satya aura hitakAraka vacanoMko utpanna karanevAlI vivakSA sadopa kaise ho sakatI hai ? phira, tIrthakarake to pUrva puNyAnubhAvase ba~dhI huI tIrthakara prakRtike udayase vacanoMkI pravRtti hotI hai| jagatake kalyANake lie unakI puNyadezanA hotI hai| ____ isI taraha nirdopa vItarAgI puruSatvakA sarvajJatAse koI virodha nahIM hai / puruSa bhI ho jAya aura sarvajJa bhii| yadi isa prakArake vyabhicArI arthAt avinAbhAvazUnya hetuoMse sAdhyako siddhi kI jAtI hai; to inhIM hetuoMse jaiminimeM vedajJatAkA bhI abhAva siddha kiyA jA skegaa| prazna- hameM kisI bhI pramANase sarvajJa upalabdha nahIM hotA, ataH anupalambha honese usakA abhAva hI mAnanA cAhie ? uttara--pUrvokta anumAnoMse jaba sarvajJa siddha ho jAtA hai taba
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________________ 288 jainadarzana anupalambha kase kahA jA sakatA hai ? yaha anupalambha Apako hai yA sabako ? 'hamAre cittameM jo vicAra hai' unakA anupalambha Apako hai, para isase hamAre cittake vicAroMkA abhAva to nahIM ho jAyagA / ataH svopalambha anaikAntika hai / duniyA~me hamAre dvArA anupalabdha asaMkhya padArthoMkA astitva hai hI / 'sabako sarvajJakA anupalambha hai' yaha bAta to sabake jJAnoMko jAnane vAlA sarvajJa hI kaha sakatA hai, asarvajJa nhiiN| ataH sarvAnupalambha asiddha hI hai| prazna-jJAnameM tAratamya dekhakara kahIM usake atyanta prakarSakI sambhAvanA karake jo sarvajJa siddha kiyA jAtA hai usameM prakarSatAko eka sImA hotI hai / koI U~cA kUdanevAlA vyakti abhyAsase to dasa hAtha ho UMcA kU~da sakatA hai, vaha cira abhyAsake bAda bhI eka mIla U~cA to nahIM kUda sakatA ? __uttara-kUdanekA sambandha zarIrako zaktise hai, ataH usakA jitanA prakarSa saMbhava hai, utanA hI hogaa| parantu jJAnako zakti to ananta hai| vaha jJAnAvaraNase AvRta honeke kAraNa apane pUrNarUpame vikasita nahIM ho pA rahI hai| dhyAnAdi sAdhanAoMse usa Agantuka AvaraNakA jaise-jaise kSaya kiyA jAtA hai vaise-vaise jJAnakI svarUpajyoti usI taraha prakAzamAna hone lagatI hai jaisA ki meghoMke haTane para sUryakA prakAza / apane anantazaktivAle jJAna guNake vikAsako paramaprakarpa avasthA hI sarvajJatA hai / AtmAke guNa jo karmavAsanAose AvRta hai, ve samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrarUpa sAdhanAoMse prakaTa hote hai / jaise ki kisI iSTajanako bhAvanA karanese usakA sAkSAt spaSTa darzana hotA hai| prazna-yadi sarvajJake jJAnameM anAdi aura ananta jhalakate hai to unakI anAditA aura anantatA nahIM raha sakatI ? uttara-jo padArtha jaise hai ve vaise hI jJAnameM pratibhAsita hote hai| yadi AkAzakI kSetrakRta aura kAlako samayakRta anantatA hai to vaha usI
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 289 rUpameM jJAnakA viSaya hotI hai| yadi dravya ananta hai to ve bhI usI rUpameM hI jJAnameM pratibhAsita hote haiM / maulika dravyakA dravyatva yahI hai jo vaha anAdi aura ananta ho| usake isa nija svabhAvako anyathA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na anya rUpameM vaha kevala jJAnakA viSaya hI hotA hai| ataH jagatake svarUpabhUta anAdi anantatvakA usI rUpameM jJAna hotA hai| prazna-AgamameM kahe gaye sAdhanoMkA anuSThAna karake sarvajJatA prApta hotI hai aura sarvajJake dvArA Agama kahA jAtA hai, ataH donoM parasparAzrita honese asiddha haiM ? ___ uttara-sarvajJa AgamakA kAraka hai| prakRta sarvajJakA jJAna pUrvasarvajake dvArA pratipAdita AgamArthake AcaraNase utpanna hotA hai aura pUrvasarvajJakA mAna tatpUrva sarvajJake dvArA pratipAdita AgamArtha ke AcaraNase / isa taraha pUrva-pUrva sarvajJa aura AgamoMkI zRMkhalA bIjAMkura santatikI taraha anAdi hai| aura anAdi mantatimeM anyonyAzraya doSakA vicAra nahIM hotaa| mukhya prazna yaha hai ki kyA Agama sarvajJake binA ho sakatA hai ? aura puruSa sarvajJa ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? donoMkA uttara yaha hai ki puruSa apanA vikAsa karake sarvajJa bana sakatA hai, aura usIke guNoMse vacanomeM pramANatA Akara ve vacana Agama nAma pAte haiN| prazna-jaba Ajakala prAyaH puruSa rAgI, dveSo aura ajJAnI hI dekhe jAte haiM taba atIta yA bhaviSyameM kabhI kisI parNa vItarAgI yA sarvajJakI sambhAvanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? kyoMki puruSakI zaktiyoMko sImAkA ullaMghana nahIM ho sakatA? uttara-yadi hama puruSAtizayako nahIM jAna sakate, to isase usakA abhAva nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| anyathA Ajakala koI vedakA pUrNa jAnakAra nahIM dekhA jAtA, to atItakAlameM 'jaiminIko bhI vedajJAna nahIM thA', yaha prasaGga prApta hogaa| hameM to yaha vicAranA hai ki AtmAke pUrNajJAnakA vikAsa ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? aura jaba AtmAkA svarUpa ananta 19
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________________ 290 jainadarzana jJAnamaya hai taba usake vikAsameM kyA bAdhA hai ? jo AvaraNakI bAdhA hai, vaha sAdhanAse usI taraha haTa sakatI hai jaise agnimeM tapAnese sonekA maila / prazna-sarvajJa jaba rAgI AtmAke rAgakA yA duHkhakA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai taba vaha svayaM rAgI aura duHkhI ho jAyagA ? | uttara-dukhaH yA rAgako jAna lene mAtrase koI duHkhI yA rAgI nahIM hotaa| rAgI to, AtmA jaba svayaM rAga rUpase pariNamana kare, tabhI hotA hai| kyA koI zrotriya brAhmaNa madirAke rasakA jJAna rakhane mAtrase madyapAyI kahA jA sakatA hai ? rAgake kAraNa mohanIya Adi karma marvajJase atyanta ucchinna ho gaye hai, vaha pUrNa vItagaga hai, ataH parake rAga yA duHkha ke jAna lene mAtrase usame rAga yA duHkharUpa pariNati nahIM ho sktii| prazna-sarvajJa azuci padArthoko jAnatA hai to use usake rasAsvAdanakA dopa laganA cAhie ? uttara-jJAna dUsarI vastu hai aura rasakA AsvAdana dUsarI vastu hai| AsvAdana rasanA indriyake dvArA AnevAlA svAda hai jo indriyAtIta jJAnavAle sarvajJake hotA hI nahIM hai / usakA jJAna to atIndriya hai / phira jAna lene mAtrase rasAsvAdanakA dopa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki dopa to taba lagatA hai java svayaM usameM lipta huA jAya aura tadpa pariNati kI jAya, jo sarvajJa vItarAgImeM hotI nhiiN| prazna-sarvajJako dharmI banAkara diye jAnevAle koI bhI hetu yadi bhAvadharma yAnI bhAvAtmaka sarvajJake dharma hai; to asiddha ho jAte hai ? yadi abhAvAtmaka sarvajJake dharma hai; to viruddha ho jAyage aura yadi ubhayAtmaka sarvajJake dharma hai; to anaikAntika ho jAyeMge ? ___ uttara-'sarvajJa' ko dharmI nahIM banAte hai, kintu dharmI 'kazcidAtmA' 'koI AtmA' hai, jo prasiddha hai / 'kisI AtmAmeM sarvajJatA honI cAhie, kyoMki pUrNajJAna AtmAkA svabhAva hai aura pratibandhaka kAraNa haTa sakate
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________________ pratyakSapramANamImAMsA 291 hai' ityAdi anumAnaprayogoMmeM 'AtmA' ko hI dharmI banAyA jAtA hai, ataH ukta doSa nahIM aate| prazna-sarvajJake sAdhaka aura bAdhaka donoM prakArake pramANa nahIM milate, ataH saMzaya ho jAnA cAhie ? uttara-sarvajJake sAdhaka pramANa Upara batAye jA cuke haiM aura bAdhaka pramANoMkA nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA jA cakA hai, ataH sandehakI bAta bebuniyAda hai / trikAla aura trilokameM sarvajJakA abhAva sarvajJa bane binA kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| jaba taka hama trikAla trilokavartI samasta puruSoMkI asarvajJake rUpameM jAnakArI nahIM kara lete taba taka saMsArako sadA sarvatra sarvajJa zUnya kaise kaha sakate hai ? aura yadi aisI jAnakArI kisIko saMbhava hai; to vahI vyakti sarvajJa siddha ho jAtA hai| ____ bhagavAn mahAvIrake samayameM svayaM unakI prasiddhi sarvajJake rUpameM thii| unake ziSya unheM sote, jAgate, hara hAlatameM jJAna-darzanavAlA sarvajJa kahate the| pAlI piTakoMmeM unakI sarvajJatAkI parIkSA ke eka do prakaraNa haiM, jinameM sarvajJatAkA eka prakArase upahAsa hI kiyA hai| 'nyAyabindu nAmaka granthameM dharmakItine dRSTAntAbhAsoMke udAharaNameM RSabha aura vardhamAnako sarvajJatAkA ullekha kiyA hai / isa taraha prasiddhi aura yukti donoM kSetroMmeM bauddha grantha vardhamAnakI sarvajJatAke eka tarahase virodhI hI rahe haiN| isakA kAraNa yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki buddhane svayaM apaneko kevala cAra AryasatyoMkA jJAtA hI batAyA thA, aura svayaM apaneko sarvajJa kahanese inakAra kiyA thaa| ve kevala apaneko dharmajJa yA mArgajJa mAnate the aura isIlie unhoMne AtmA, maraNottara jIvana aura lokakI sAntatA aura anantatA Adike 1. 'yaH sarvazaH Apto vA sa jyotirshaanaadikmupdissttvaan| tadyathA RSabhavardhamAnA diriti / tatrAsarvazatAnAptatayoH sAdhyadharmayoH sandigdho ytirekH|' nyAyabi0 31131 /
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________________ 292 jainadarzana praznoMko avyAkRta-na kahane lAyaka kahA thaa| unhoMne ina mahattvapUrNa praznoMmeM mauna hI rakhA, jaba ki mahAvIrane ina sabhI praznoMke uttara anekAntadRSTise diye aura ziSyoMkI jijJAsAkA samAdhAna kiyaa| tAtparya yaha haiM ki buddha kevala dharmajJa the aura mahAvIra sarvajJa / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthoMmeM mukhya sarvajJatA siddha karanekA joradAra prayatna nahIM dekhA jAtA, jaba ki jaina granthoMmeM prArambhase hI isakA prabala samarthana milatA hai| AtmAko jJAnasvabhAva mAnaneke bAda nirAvaraNa dazAmeM ananta jJAna yA sarvajJatAkA prakaTa honA svAbhAvika hI hai| sarvajJatAkA vyAvahArika rUpa kucha bhI ho, para zAnakI zuddhatA aura paripUrNatA asambhava nahIM hai| parokSa pramANa : AgamoMmeM matijJAna aura zrutajJAnako parokSa aura smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodhako matijJAnakA paryAya kahA hI thA', ataH AgamameM sAmAnyarUpase smRti, saMjJA ( pratyabhijJAna ) cintA ( tarka ), abhinibodha (anumAna ) aura zruta ( Agama ) inheM parokSa mAnanekA spaSTa mArga nirdiSTa thA hI, kevala mati (indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA pratyakSa ) ko parokSa mAnane para lokavirodhakA prasaMga thA, jise sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnakara hala kara liyA gayA thaa| akalaMkadevake isa sambandhameM do mata upalabdha hote haiM / ve rAjavAtiko anumAna Adi jJAnoMko svapratipattike samaya anakSarazruta aura parapratipattikAlameM akSarazruta kahate haiN| unane laghIyastraya ( kArikA 67 ) meM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, cintA aura abhinibodhako manomati batAyA hai aura kArikA ( 10 ) meM mati; smRti 1. 'Adhe parokSam / ' -ta. sU0 110 / 2. 'tatvArthasUtra' 1113 / 3. 'zAnamAcaM matiH saMjJA cintA cAbhinibodhakam / prAGnAmayojAccheSaM zrutaM zabdAnuyojanAt // 10 // '
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________________ parokSapramANamImAMsA , 293 Adi jJAnoMko zabdayojanAke pahale sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura zabdayojanA hone para unhIM jJAnoMko zruta kahA hai| isa taraha sAmAnyarUpase matijJAnako parokSa kI sImAmeM Anepara bhI usake eka aMza-matiko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahanekI aura zeSa-smRti Adika jJAnoMko parokSa kahanekI bhedaka rekhA kyA ho sakatI hai ? yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / isakA samAdhAna parokSake lakSaNase hI ho jAtA hai| avizada arthAt aspaSTa jJAnako parokSa kahate hai / vizadatAkA artha hai, jnyaanaantrnirpeksstaa| jo jJAna apanI utpattimeM kisI dUsare jJAnakI apekSA rakhatA ho arthAt jisameM jJAnAntarakA vyavadhAna ho, vaha jJAna avizada hai / pA~ca indriya aura manake vyApArase utpanna honevAle indriyapratyakSa aura anindriyapratyakSa cUMki kevala indriyavyApArase utpanna hote hai, anya kisI jJAnAntarakI apekSA nahIM rakhate, isalie aMzataH vizada honese pratyakSa hai, jabaki smaraNa apanI utpattimeM pUrvAnubhavako, pratyabhijJAna apanI utpattimeM smaraNa aura pratyakSakI, tarka apanI utpattime smaraNa, pratyakSa aura pratyabhijJAnako, anumAna apanI utpattime liGgadarzana aura vyAptismaraNakI tathA zruta apanI utpatimeM zabdazravaNa aura saMketasmaraNakI apekSA rakhate hai, ataH ye saba jJAnAntarasApekSa honeke kAraNa avizada hai aura parokSa hai|| yadyapi IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA jJAna apanI utpattimeM pUrva-pUrva pratItikI apekSA rakhate hai tathApi ye jJAna navIna-navIna indriyavyApArase utpanna hote hai aura eka hI padArthako vizeSa avasthAoMko viSaya karanevAle hai, ataH kisI bhinnaviSayaka jJAnase vyavahita nahIM honeke kAraNa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hI hai| eka hI jJAna dUsare-dUsare indriyavyApAroMse avagraha Adi atizayoMko prApta karatA huA anubhavameM AtA hai; ataH jJAnAntarakA avyavadhAna yahA~ siddha ho jAtA hai| parokSajJAna pA~ca prakArakA hotA hai-smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama / parokSa pramANakI isa taraha sunizcita sImA akalaMka
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________________ 294 jainadarzana devane hI sarvaprathama bA~dhI hai aura yaha Ageke samasta jainAcAryoM dvArA 'svIkRta rahI / carvAkake parokSapramANa na mAnanekI AlocanA : cArvAka pratyakSa pramANase bhinna kisI anya parokSa pramANakI sattA nahIM mAnatA / pramANakA lakSaNa avisaMvAda karake usane yaha batAyA hai ki indriyapratyakSa ke sivAya anya jJAna sarvathA avisaMvAdI nahIM hote / anumAnAdi pramANa bahuta kucha saMbhAvanApara calate hai aura aisA kahanekA kAraNa yaha hai ki deza, kAla aura AkAra ke bhedase pratyeka padArthakI ananta zaktiyA~ aura abhivyaktiyA~ hotI hai / unameM avyabhicArI avinAbhAvakA DhU~r3ha lenA atyanta kaThina haiM / jo A~vale yahA~ kaSAyarasavAle dekhe jAte haiM, ve dezAntara aura kAlAntara meM dravyAntarakA sambandha hone para mIThe rasavAle bhI ho sakate haiM / kahIM-kahIM dhUma sauMpakI vAmIse nikalatA huA dekhA jAtA / ataH anumAnakA zata-pratizata avisaMvAdI honA asambhava bAta hai / yahI bAta smaraNAdi pramANoMke sambandhameM hai / parantu anumAna pramANake mAne binA pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakA viveka bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / avisaMvAdake AdhArapara amuka jJAnoMmeM pramANatAko vyavasthA karanA aura amuka jJAnoMko avisaMvAdake abhAva meM apramANa kahanA anumAna hI to hai / dUsarekI buddhikA jJAna anumAnake binA nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki buddhikA indriyoMke dvArA pratyakSa asambhava hai / vaha to vyApAra, vacanaprayoga Adi kAryako dekhakara ho anumita hotI hai / jina kAryakAraNabhAvoM yA avinAbhAvoMkA hama nirNaya na kara sakeM athavA jinameM vyabhicAra dekhA jAya unase hone vAlA anumAna bhale 1. pramANetara sAmAnyasthiteranyadhiyo gateH / pramANAntarasadbhAvaH pratiSedhAcca kasyacit // - dharmakIrtiH ( pramANamI0 pR0 8 ) /
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________________ smaraNapramANamImAMsA 295 hI bhrAnta ho jAya, para avyabhicArI kArya-kAraNabhAva Adike AdhArase honevAlA anumAna apanI sImAmeM visaMvAdI nahIM ho sktaa| paraloka Adike niSedhake lie bhI cArvAkako anumAnako hI zaraNa lenI par3atI hai / vAmIse nikalane vAlI bhApha aura agnise utpanna honevAle dhuAMmeM viveka nahIM kara sakanA to pramAtAkA aparAdha hai, anumAnakA nhiiN| yadi sImita kSetrameM padArthoke sunizcita kArya-kAraNabhAva na baiThAye jA sakeM, to jagatakA samasta vyavahAra hI naSTa ho jaaygaa| yaha ThIka hai ki jo anumAna Adi visaMvAdI nikala jA~ya unheM anumAnAbhAsa kahA jA sakatA hai, para isase nirdaSTa avinAbhAvake AdhArase honevAlA anumAna kabhI mithyA nahIM ho sktaa| yaha to pramAtAko kuzalatApara nirbhara karatA hai ki vaha padArthoMke kitane aura kaise sUkSma yA sthUla kArya-kAraNabhAvako jAnatA hai / Aptake vAkyako pramANatA hameM vyavahArake lie mAnanA hI par3atI hai, anyathA samasta sAMsArika vyavahAra chinna-vicchinna ho jaayeNge| manuSyake jJAnakI koI sImA nahIM hai, ataH apanI maryAdAmeM parokSajJAna bhI avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hI haiM / yaha khulA rAstA hai ki jo jJAna jisa aMzameM visaMvAdI hoM unheM usa aMzameM apramANa mAnA jaay| 1. smaraNa: 'saMskArakA udbodha honepara smaraNa utpanna hotA hai| yaha atItakAlIna padArthako viSaya karatA hai| aura isameM 'tat' zabdakA ullekha avazya hotA hai / yadyapi smaraNakA viSayabhUta padArtha sAmane nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha hamAre pUrva anubhavakA viSaya to thA hI, aura usa anubhavakA dRr3ha saMskAra hameM sAdRzya Adi aneka nimittoMse usa padArthako manameM jhalakA detA hai / isa smaraNakI badaulata hI jagatake samasta lena-dena Adi vyava 1. 'saMskArobodhanibandhanA tadityAkArA smRtiH |'-priikssaamukh 3 / 3 /
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________________ 296 jainadarzana hAra cala rahe haiN| vyAptismaraNake binA anumAna aura saMketasmaraNake vinA kisI prakArake zabdakA prayoga hI nahIM ho sakatA / guruziSyAdisambandha, pitA-putrabhAva tathA anya aneka prakArake prema, ghRNA, karuNA Adi mUlaka samasta jovana-vyavahAra smaraNake hI AbhArI haiM / saMskRti, sabhyatA aura itihAsako paramparA smaraNake sUtrase hI hama taka pAyI hai| smRtiko apramANa kahanekA mUla kAraNa usakA 'gRhItagrAhI honA' batAyA jAtA hai| usakI anubhavaparatantratA pramANavyavahArameM bAdhaka banatI hai| anubhava jisa padArthako jisa rUpameM jAnatA hai, smRti usase adhikako nahIM jAnatI aura na usake kisI naye aMzakA hI bodha karatI hai| vaha pUrvAnubhavakI maryAdAmeM hI sImita hai, balki kabhI-kabhI to anubhavase kamako hI smRti hotI hai| vaidika paramparAmeM smRtiko svatantra pramANa na mAnanekA eka hI kAraNa hai ki manusmRti aura yAjJavalkya Adi smRtiyA~ puruSavizeSake dvArA racI gaI haiN| yadi eka bhI jagaha unakA prAmANya svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai, to vedakI apauruSeyatA aura usakA dharmaviSayaka nirbAdha antima prAmANya samApta ho jAtA hai| ataH smRtiyA~ vahIM taka pramANa haiM jahA~ taka ve zrutikA anugamana karatI hai, yAnI zruti svataH pramANa hai aura smRtiyoMmeM pramANatAko chAyA zrutimUlaka honese hI par3a rahI hai / isa taraha jaba eka bAra smRtiyoMmeM zrutiparatantratAke kAraNa svataHprAmANya niSiddha huA, taba anya vyAvahArika smRtiyoMmeM usa paratantratAkI chApa anubhavAdhIna honeke kAraNa barAbara cAlU rahI aura yaha vyavasthA huI ki jo smRtiyA~ pUrvAnubhavakA anugamana karatI hai ve hI pramANa haiM, anubhavake bAharakI smRtiyA~ pramANa nahIM ho sakatIM, arthAt smRti yA~ satya hokara bhI anubhavako pramANatAke balapara hI avisaMvAdinI siddha ho pAtI haiM; apane balapara nhiiN|
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________________ smaraNapramANamImAMsA 297 bhaTTa yajanta' ne smRtikI apramANatAkA kAraNa gRhIta-grAhitva na batAkara usakA 'arthase utpanna na honA' batAyA hai; parantu jaba arthako jJAnamAtrake prati kAraNatA hI siddha nahIM hai, taba arthajanyatvako pramANatAkA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| pramANatAkA AdhAra to avisaMvAda hI ho sakatA hai| gRhItagrAhI bhI jJAna yadi apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI hai to usakI pramANatA surakSita hai| yadi arthajanyatvake abhAvameM smRti apramANa hotI hai to atIta aura anAgatako viSaya karanevAle anumAna bhI pramANa nahIM ho sakeMge / jainoMke sivAya anya kisI bhI vAdIne smRtiko svatantra pramANa nahIM mAnA hai| jaba ki jagatke samasta vyavahAra smRtikI pramANatA aura avisaMvAdapara hI cala rahe hai taba ve use apramANa kahanekA sAhasa to nahIM kara sakate, para pramAkA vyavahAra smRti-bhinna jJAnameM karanA cAhate hai| dhAraNA nAmaka anubhava padArthako 'idam' rUpase jAnatA hai, jaba ki saMskArase honevAlI smRti usI padArthako 'tat' rUpase jAnatI hai| ataH use ekAnta rUpase gRhItagrAhiNI bhI nahIM kaha sakate hai| pramANatAke do hI AdhAra hai-avisaMvAdo honA tathA samAropakA vyavaccheda karanA / smRtiko avisaMvAditA svataH siddha hai, anyathA anumAnakI pravRtti, zabdavyavahAra aura jagatake samasta vyavahAra nirmUla ho jAyeMge / hA~, jisa-jisa smRtimeM visaMvAda ho use apramANa yA smRtyAbhAsa kahanekA mArga khulA huA hai| vismaraNa, saMzaya aura viparyAsarUpI samAropakA nirAkaraNa smRtike dvArA hotA hI hai / ataH isa avisaMvAdI jJAnako parokSarUpase pramANatA denI hI hogii| anubhavaparatantra honeke kAraNa vaha parokSa to kahI jA sakatI hai, para apramANa nahIM; kyoMki pramANatA yA apramANatAkA AdhAra anubhavasvAtantrya yA pAratantrya nahIM hai| anubhUta arthako viSaya karaneke kAraNa bhI use apramANa nahIM kahA jA 1. 'na smRterapramANatvaM gRhItagrAhitAkRtam / kintvanarthajanyatvaM tadaprAmANyakAraNam ||'-nyaaymN0 pR0 23 /
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________________ 298 jainadarzana sakatA, anyathA anubhUta agniko viSaya karanevAlA anumAna bhI pramANa nahIM ho skegaa| ataH smRti pramANa hai; kyoMki vaha svaviSayameM avisaMvAdinI hai| 2. pratyabhijJAna : vartamAna pratyakSa aura atIta smaraNase utpanna honevAlA saMkalanajJAna pratyabhijJAna' kahalAtA hai| yaha saMkalana ekatva, sAdRzya, vaisAdRzya, pratiyogI, ApekSika Adi aneka prakArakA hotA hai| vartamAnakA pratyakSa karake usIke atItakA smaraNa honepara 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakAra kA jo mAnasika ekatvasaMkalana hotA hai, vaha ekatvapratyabhijJAna hai / isI taraha 'gAya sarIkhA gavaya hotA hai' isa vAkyako sunakara koI vyakti vanameM jAtA hai| aura sAmane gAya sarIkhe pazuko dekhakara usa vAkyakA smaraNa karatA hai, aura phira manameM nizcaya karatA hai ki yaha gavaya hai / isa prakArakA sAdRzyaviSayaka saMkalana sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna hai| 'gAyase vilakSaNa bhaisa hotI hai' isa prakArake vAkyako sunakara jisa bAr3emeM gAya aura bhaiMsa donoM maujUda hai, vahA~ jAnevAlA manuSya gAyase vilakSaNa pazuko dekhakara ukta vAkyako smaraNa karatA hai aura nizcaya karatA hai ki yaha bhaiMsa hai| yaha vailakSaNyavipayaka saMkalana vaisadRzyapratyabhijJAna hai / isI prakAra apane samIpavartI makAnake pratyakSake bAda dUravartI parvatako dekhanepara pUrvakA smaraNa karake jo 'yaha isase dUra hai' isa prakAra ApekSika jJAna hotA hai vaha prAtiyogika pratyabhijJAna hai / 'zAkhAdivAlA vRkSa hotA hai', "eka sIMgavAlA geMDA hotA hai', 'chaha pairavAlA bhramara hotA hai' ityAdi paricAyaka-zabdoMko sunakara vyaktiko una-una padArthoke dekhanepara aura pUrvokta paricayavAkyoMko smaraNa kara jo 'yaha vRkSa hai, yaha geMDA hai' 1. 'darzanasmaraNakAraNakaM saMkalanaM pratyabhijJAnam / tadevedaM tatsadRzaM tadvilakSaNaM tatprati yogItyAdi |'-priikssaamukh 325 /
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________________ pratyabhijJAnapramANamImAMsA 299 ityAdi jJAna utpanna hote haiM, ve saba bhI pratyabhijJAna hI haiN| tAtparya yaha ki darzana aura smaraNako nimitta banAkara jitane bhI ekatvAdi viSayaka mAnasika saMkalana hote haiM, ve sabhI pratyabhijJAna hai / ye saba apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI aura samAropake vyavacchedaka honese pramANa hai| saH aura ayamko do jJAna mAnanevAle bauddhakA khaMDana : bauddha padArthako kSaNika mAnate haiN| unake matameM vAstavika ekatva nahIM hai / 'ataH sa evAyam' yaha vahI hai' isa prakArakI pratItiko ve bhrAnta hI mAnate hai, aura isa ekatva-pratItikA kAraNa sadRza aparAparake utpAdako kahate hai / ve 'sa evAyama' meM 'saH' aMzako smaraNa aura 'ayam' aMzako pratyakSa isa taraha do svatantra jJAna mAnakara pratyabhijJAnake astitvako ho svIkAra nahIM karanA cAhate / kintu yaha bAta jaba nizcita hai ki pratyakSa kevala vartamAnako viSaya karatA hai aura smaraNa kevala atItako; taba ina donoM sImita aura niyata viSayavAle jJAnoMke dvArA atIta aura vartamAna do paryAyoMmeM rahanevAlA ekatva kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ? 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakArake ekatvakA apalApa karanepara baddhako hI mokSa, hatyAreko hI sajA, karja dene vAleko hI usakI dI huI rakamakI vasUlI Adi sabhI jagatake vyavahAra ucchinna ho jaayge| pratyakSa aura smaraNake bAda honevAle 'yaha vahI hai' isa jJAnako yadi vikalpa koTimeM DAlA jAtA hai to use hI pratyabhijJAna mAnanemeM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhiye / kintu yaha vikalpa avisaMvAdI honese svatantra pramANa hogaa| pratyabhijJAnakA lopa 1. '...tasmAt sa evAyamiti pratyayadvayametat / ' -pramANavAtikAla0 50 51 / 'sa ityanena pUrvakAlasambandhI svabhAvo viSayokriyate, aryAmatyanena ca vrtmaankaalsmbndhii| anayozca bhedo na kazcidabhedaH...' -pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 78 /
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________________ 300 jainadarzana karanepara anumAnakI pravRtti hI nahIM ho sakatI / jisa vyaktine pahale agni aura dhUmake kAryakAraNabhAvakA grahaNa kiyA hai, vahI vyakti jaba pUrvadhUmake sadRza anya dhuA~ko dekhatA hai, tabhI gRhIta kAryakAraNabhAvakA smaraNa honepara anumAna kara pAtA hai / yahA~ ekatva aura sAdRzya donoM pratyabhijJAnoMkI AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki bhinna vyaktiko vilakSaNa padArthake dekhane para anumAna nahIM ho sakatA / bauddha jisa ekatvapratItike nirAkaraNake lie anumAna karate hai aura jisa ekAtmAko pratItike haTAneko nairAtmyabhAvanA bhAte haiM, yadi usa pratItikA astitva hI nahI hai, to kSaNikatvakA anumAna kisa lie kiyA jAtA hai ? aura nairAtmya bhAvanAkA upayoga ho kyA hai ? 'jisa padArthako dekhA hai, usI padArthako maiM prApta kara rahA hU~' isa prakArake ekatvarUpa avisaMvAdake binA pratyakSa meM pramANatAkA sarmathana kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yadi AtmaikatvakI pratIti hotI hI nahIM haiM, to tannimittaka rAgAdirUpa saMsAra kahA~se utpanna hogA ? kaTakara phira U~ge hue nakha aura kezoMmeM 'ye vahI nakha kezAdi hai' isa prakArakI ekatvapratIti sAdRzyamUlaka honese bhale hI bhrAnta ho, parantu 'yaha vahI ghar3A hai' ityAdi dravyamUlaka ekatvapratItiko bhrAnta nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pratyabhijJAnakA pratyakSa meM antarbhAva : mImAMsaka' ekatvapratItikI sattA mAnakara bhI use indriyoMke sAtha anvaya-vyatireka rakhaneke kAraNa pratyakSa pramANameM hI antarbhUta karate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki smaraNake bAda yA smaraNake pahale, jo bhI jJAna . indriya aura padArtha ke sambandhase utpanna hotA hai, vaha saba pratyakSa hai / smRti 1. 'tenendriyArthasambandhAt prAgUdhvaM cApi yatsmRteH / vijJAnaM jAyate savaM pratyakSamiti gamyatAm // ' - mI0 zlo0 sU0 4 zlo0 227 /
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________________ 301 pratyabhijJAnapramANamImAMsA atIta astitvako jAnatI hai, pratyakSa vartamAna astitvako aura smRtisahakRta pratyakSa donoM avasthAoMmeM rahanevAle ekatvako jAnatA hai| kintu jaba yaha nizcita hai ki cakSurAdi indriyA~ sambaddha aura vartamAna padArthako ho viSaya karatI hai, taba smRtiko sahAyatA lekara bhI ve apane aviSayameM pravRtti kaise kara sakatI haiM ? pUrva aura vartamAna dazAmeM rahanevAlA ekatva indriyoMkA aviSaya hai, anyathA gandhasmaraNakI sahAyatAse cakSuko gandha bhI sUMgha lenI cAhiye / 'saikar3oM sahakArI milanepara bhI aviSayameM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI' yaha sarvasammata siddhAnta hai / yadi indriyoMse hI pratyabhijJAna utpanna hotA hai to prathama pratyakSa kAlameM hI use utpanna honA cAhiye thaa| phira indriyA~ apane vyApArameM smRtikI apekSA bhI nahIM rkhtiiN| naiyAyika' bhI mImAMsakoMkI taraha 'sa evA'yam' isa pratItiko eka jJAna mAnakara bhI use indriyajanya hI kahate hai aura yukti bhI vahI dete hai| kintu jaba indriyapratyakSa avicAraka hai taba smaraNakI sahAyatA lekara bhI vaha kaise 'yaha vahI hai, yaha usake samAna hai' ityAdi vicAra kara sakatA haiM ? jayanta bhaTTane isIliye yaha kalpanA kI hai ki smaraNa aura pratyakSake bAda eka svatantra mAnasajJAna utpanna hotA hai, jo ekatvAdikA saMkalana karatA hai / yaha ucita hai, parantu ise svatantra pramANa mAnanA hI hogaa| jaina isI mAnasa saMkalanako pratyabhijJAna kahate hai / yaha abAdhita hai, avisaMvAdI hai aura samAropakA vyavacchedaka hai, ataeva pramANa hai / jo pratyabhijJAna bAdhita tathA visaMvAdo ho, use pramANAbhAsa yA apramANa kahanekA mArga khulA huA hai| upamAna sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna hai : mImAMsaka sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnako upamAna nAmakA svatantra pramANa 1. dekho, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 pR0 139 / 2. nyAyamaJjarI pR0 461 /
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________________ 302 jainadarzana mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki jisa puruSane gauko dekhA hai, vaha jaba jaGgalameM gavayako dekhatA hai, aura use jaba pUrvadRSTa gaukA smaraNa AtA hai, taba 'isake samAna vaha hai' isa prakArakA upamAna jJAna paidA hotA hai / yadyapi gavayaniSTha sAdRzya pratyakSakA viSaya ho rahA hai, aura goniSTha sAdRzya kA smaraNa A rahA hai, phira bhI 'isake samAna vaha hai' isa prakArakA viziSTa jJAna karaneke lie svatantra upamAna nAmaka pramANakI AvazyakatA hai| parantu yadi isa prakArase sAdhAraNa vipayabhedake kAraNa pramANoMkI saMkhyA bar3hAI jAtI hai, to 'gause vilakSaNa bhaisa hai' isa vailakSaNya vipayaka pratyabhijJAnako tathA 'yaha isase dUra hai, yaha isase pAsa hai, yaha isase U~cA hai, yaha isase nIcA hai' ityAdi ApekSika jJAnoMko bhI svatantra pramANa mAnanA pdd'egaa| vailakSaNyako sAdRzyAbhAva kahakara abhAvapramANakA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA; anyathA sAdRzyako bhI vailakSaNyAbhAvarUpa honekA tathA abhAvapramANake viSaya honekA prasaGga prApta hogaa| ataH ekatva, sAdRzya, prAtiyogika, ApekSika Adi sabhI saMkalanajJAnoMko eka pratyabhijJAnako sImAmeM hI rakhanA caahiye| naiyAyikakA upamAna bhI sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna hai : isI taraha naiyAyika' 'gaukI taraha gavaya hotA hai' isa upamAna vAkyako sunakara jaMgalameM gavayako dekhanevAle puruSako honevAlI 'yaha gavaya zabdakA vAcya hai' isa prakArakI saMjJA-saMjJIsambandhapratipattiko upamAna pramANa mAnate hai / unheM bhI mImAMsakoMkI taraha vailakSaNya; prAtiyogika tathA ApekSika saMkalanoMko tathA etannimittaka saMjJAsaMjJIsambandhapratipattiko 1. 'pratyakSeNAvabuddhe'pi sAdRzyegavi ca smRte| viziSTasyAnyataH siddharupamAnapramANatA // ' -mI0 zlo0 upamAna0 zlo0 38 / 2. 'prasiddhArthasAdhAt sAdhyasAdhanamupamAnam |'-nyaaysuu0 1 / 1 / 6 /
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________________ 303 tarkapramANamImAMsA pRthak-pRthak pramANa mAnanA hogA' / ataH ina saba vibhinnaviSayaka saMkalana jJAnoMko eka pratyabhijJAna rUpase pramANa mAnanemeM hI lAghava aura vyavahAryatA hai| sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnako anumAna rUpase pramANa kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki anumAna karate samaya liGgakA sAdRzya apekSita hotA hai / usa sAdRkSyajJAnako bhI anumAna mAnanepara usa anumAnake liGgasAdRzya jJAnako bhI phira anumAnatvako kalpanA honepara anavasthA nAmakA dUpaNa A jAtA hai| yadi arthame sAdRzyavyavahArako sadRzAkAramalaka mAnA jAtA hai, to sadRzAkAroMme sadRza vyavahAra kaise hogA ? anya tadgatasadRzAkArase sadRzavyavahArakI kalpanA karanepara anavasthA nAmakA dUpaNa AtA hai| ataH sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnako anumAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| pratyakSa jJAna vizada hotA hai aura vartamAna arthako viSaya karanevAlA hotA hai / 'sa evA'yam' ityAdi pratyabhijJAna cUMki atItakA bhI saMkalana karate hai, ataH ve na to vizada hai aura na pratyakSako sImAme Ane lAyaka hI / para pramANa avazya hai, kyoMki avisaMvAdI hai aura samyagjJAna hai / 3. tarka: vyAptike jJAnako tarka kahate hai| sAdhya aura sAdhanake sArvakAlika sArvadezika aura sArvavyaktika avinAbhAvasambandhako vyApti kahate hai / avinAbhAva arthAt sAdhyake binA sAdhanakA na honA, sAdhanakA sAdhyake honepara hI honA, abhAvame bilakula nahIM honA, isa niyamako sarvopasaMhAra rUpase grahaNa karanA tarka hai| sarvaprathama vyakti kArya aura kAraNakA pratyakSa karatA hai, aura aneka bAra pratyakSa honepara vaha usake anvaya1. 'upamAnaM prasiddhArthasAdhAtsAdhyasAdhanam / ____tadvaidhAt pramANaM kiM syAtsaMzipratipAdakam ||'-lghii0 zlo0 19 / 2. 'upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptijJAnamUhaH |'-priikssaamukh 3111 /
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________________ 304 jainadarzana sambandhakI bhUmikAkI ora jhukatA hai| phira sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA abhAva dekhakara vyatirekake nizcayake dvArA usa anvayajJAnako nizcayAtmakarUpa detA hai| jaise kisI vyaktine sarvaprathama rasoIgharameM agni dekhI tathA agnise utpanna hotA huA dhuA~ bhI dekhA, phira kisI tAlAba meM agnike abhAvameM, dhue~kA abhAva dekhA, phira rasoIgharameM agnise dhuA~ nikalatA huA dekhakara vaha nizcaya karatA hai ki agni kAraNa hai aura dhuA~ kArya hai| yaha upalambha-anupalambhanimittika sarvopasaMhAra karanevAlA vicAra tarkakI maryAdAmeM hai| isameM pratyakSa, smaraNa aura sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna kAraNa hote haiN| ina sabakI pRSThabhUmipara 'jahA~-jahA~, jaba-jaba dhUma hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~, taba-taba agni avazya hotI hai, isa prakArakA eka mAnasika vikalpa utpanna hotA hai, jise Uha yA tarka kahate haiM / isa tarkakA kSetra kevala pratyakSake viSayabhUta sAdhya aura sAdhana hI nahIM hai, kintu anumAna aura Agamake viSayabhUta prameyoMmeM bhI anvaya aura vyatirekake dvArA avinAbhAvakA nizcaya karanA tarkakA kArya hai| isIlie upalambha aura anupalambha zabdase sAdhya aura sAdhanakA sadbhAvapratyakSa aura abhAvapratyakSa hI nahIM liyA jAtA, kintu sAdhya aura sAdhanakA dRr3hatara sadabhAvanizcaya aura abhAvanizcaya liyA jAtA hai / vaha nizcaya cAhe pratyakSare ho yA pratyakSAtirikta anya pramANoMse / ___ akalaMkadevane pramANasaMgraha' meM pratyakSa aura anupalambhase hone vAle sambhAvanApratyayako tarka kahA hai| kintu pratyakSa aura anupalambha zabdase unheM ukta abhiprAya hI iSTa hai / aura sarvaprathama jainadArzanika paramparAmeM tarkake svarUpa aura viSayako sthira karanekA zreya bhI akalaMkadeva ko hI hai / mImAMsaka tarkako eka vicArAtmaka jJAnavyApAra mAnate haiM aura usake lie jaiminisUtra aura zabara bhASya AdimeM 'Uha' zabdakA prayoga 1. 'saMbhavapratyayastarkaH pratyakSAnupalambhata |'-prmaannsN0 zlo0 12 / 2. laghIya0 svavRtti kA0 10, 11 /
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________________ tarkapramANamImAMsA 305 karate hai| para use parigaNita pramANasaMkhyAmeM zAmila na karanese yaha spaSTa hai ki tarka ( Uha ) svayaM pramANa na hokara kisI pramANakA mAtra sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| jaina paramparAmeM avagrahake bAda hone vAle maMgayakA nirAkaraNa karake usake eka pakSako prabala sambhAvanA karAne vAlA jJAnavyApAra 'IhA' kahA gayA hai / ima IhAmeM avAya jaimA pUrNa nizcaya to nahIM hai, para nizcayonmukhatA avazya hai| isa hAke paryAvarUgameM Uha aura tarka donoM zabdoMkA prayoga tattvArthabhApya meM dekhA jAtA hai, jo ki karIbakarIba naiyAyikoMko paramparAke samIpa hai| ___ nyAyadarzanameM tarkako 16 padArthomeM ginAkara bhI use pramANa nahIM kahA hai / vaha tattvajJAnake liye upayogI hai aura pramANoMkA anugrAhaka hai| jaisAki nyAyabhASya meM spaSTa likhA hai ki tarka na to pramANoMme saMgRhIta hai na pramANAntara hai, kintu pramANoMkA anu grAhaka hai aura tattvajJAnake liye usakA upayoga hai / vaha pramANake viSayakA vivecana karatA hai, aura tattvajJAnako bhUmikA taiyAra kara detA hai / jayantabhaTTa to aura spaSTa rUpase isake sambandhameM likhate hai ki sAmAnyarUpase jJAta padArthameM utpanna paraspara virodhI do pakSoMmeM eka pakSako zithila banAkara dUsare pakSa kI anukUla kAraNoMke balapara dRr3ha sambhAvanA karanA tarkakA kArya hai / yaha eka pakSakI bhavitavyatAko sakAraNa dikhAkara usa pakSakA nizcaya karane vAle pramANa 1. dekho, zAbarabhA0 9 / 1 / 1 / 2. 'IhA UhA tarkaH parIkSA vicAraNA jijJAsA inyanAntaram / " mA0 1115 / 3. 'takoM na pramANasaMgRhIto na pramANAntaraM pramANAnAmanugrAhakaratattvajJAnAya klpte|' -nyAyabhA0 111 / 9 / 4. 'ekapakSAnukUlakAraNadarzanAt tasmin saMbhAvanApratyayo bhavinavyatAvabhAsaH taditarapakSazIthilyApAdane tagrAhakapramANamanugRhya tAn sukhaM pravartayan tattvazAnArthamUhastakaH |"--nyaaymN0 pR0 586 / 20
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________________ 306 jainadarzana kA anugrAhaka hotA hai / tAtparya yaha ki nyAyaparamparAmeM tarka pramANoMmeM saMgRhIta na hokara bhI apramANa nahIM hai| usakA upayoga vyAptinirNayameM hone vAlI vyabhicArazaMkAoMko haTAkara usake mArgako niSkaMTaka kara denA hai / vaha vyAptijJAnameM bAdhaka aura aprayojakatvazaMkAko bhI haTAtA hai| isa taraha tarkake upayoga aura kAryakSetrameM prAyaH kisIko vivAda nahIM hai, para use pramANapada denameM nyAyaparaMparAko saMkoca hai / bauddha' takarUpa vikalpajJAnako vyAptikA grAhaka mAnate haiM, kintu cU~ki vaha pratyakSapRSThabhAvI hai aura pratyakSake dvArA gRhIta arthako viSaya karanevAlA eka vikalpa hai, ataH pramANa nahIM hai| isa taraha ve ise spaSTa rUpase apramANa kahate haiN| akalaMkadevane apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI honeke kAraNa ise svayaM pramANa mAnA hai| jo svayaM pramANa nahIM hai vaha pramANoMkA anugraha kaise kara sakatA hai ? apramANase na to pramANake viSayakA vivecana ho sakatA hai aura na parizodhana hI / jisa tarkameM visaMvAda dekhA jAya usa tarkAbhAsako hama apramANa kaha sakate haiM, para itane mAtrase avisaMvAdI tarkako bhI pramANase bahirbhUta nahI rakhA jA sktaa| 'saMsArameM jitane bhI dhuA~ haiM ve saba agnijanya haiM, anagnijanya kabhI nahIM ho sakate / ' itanA lambA vyApAra na to avicAraka indriyapratyakSa hI kara sakatA hai aura na sukhAdisaMvedaka mAnasapratyakSa hii| indriyapratyakSakA kSetra niyata aura vartamAna hai| cUMki mAnasapratyakSa vizada hai, aura upayukta sarvopasaMhArI vyAptijJAna avizada hai, ataH vaha mAnasapratyakSameM antarbhUta nahIM ho sakatA / anumAnase vyApti 1. 'dezakAlavyaktivyAptyA ca vyAptirucyate, yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatrAgniriti / pratyakSapRSThazca vikalpo na pramANaM pramANavyApArAnukArI tvsaavissyte|' --pra0 vA0 manoratha0 pR0 7 / 2. laghI0 sva0 zlo0 11, 12 /
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________________ tarkapramANamImAMsA 307 kA grahaNa to isalie nahIM ho sakatA ki svayaM anumAnakI utpatti hI vyApti ke adhIna hai / ise sambandhagrAhI pratyakSakA phala kahakara bhI apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki eka to pratyakSa kArya aura kAraNabhUta vastuko hI jAnatA hai, unake kAryakAraNasambandhako nahIM / dUsare, kisI jJAnakA phala honA pramANatAme bAdhaka bhI nahIM hai / jisa taraha vizeSaNajJAna sannikarSaka phala hokara bhI vizeSyajJAnarUpI anya phalakA janaka honese pramANa hai, usI taraha tarka bhI anumAnajJAnakA kAraNa honese yA hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhi rUpI phalakA janaka honese pramANa mAnA jAnA cAhiye / pratyeka jJAna apane pUrva jJAnakA phala hokara bhI uttarajJAnakI apekSA pramANa ho sakatA hai| tarkakI pramANatA meM sandeha karanepara nissandeha anumAna kaise utpanna ho sakegA ? jisa prakAra anumAna eka vikalpa hokara bhI pramANa hai, usI taraha tarkake bhI vikalpAtmaka honese pramANa honemeM bAdhA nahIM AnI cAhiye / jisa vyAptijJAnake balapara sudRr3ha anumAnakI imArata khar3I kI jA rahI hai, usa vyAptijJAnako apramANa kahanA yA pramANase bahirbhUta rakhanA buddhimAnI kI bAta nahIM hai / yogipratyakSake dvArA vyAptigrahaNa karanekI bAta to isalie nirarthaka hai ki jo yogI hai, use vyAptigrahaNa karanekA koI prayojana hI nahIM hai / vaha to pratyakSase hI samasta sAdhya-sAdhana padArthoMko jAna letA hai / phira yogipratyakSa bhI nirvikalpaka honese avicAraka hai / ataH hama saba alpajJAniyoMko avizada para avisaMvAdI vyAptijJAna karAnevAlA tarka pramANa ho hai / sAmAnyalakSaNA pratyAsattise agnitvena samasta agniyoMkA aura dhUmatvena samasta dhUmoMkA jJAna to ho sakatA hai, para vaha jJAna sAmane dikhanevAle agni aura dhUmakI taraha spaSTa aura pratyakSa nahIM hai, aura kevala samasta agniyoM aura samasta dhUmoMkA jJAna kara lenA ho to vyAptijJAna nahIM hai, kintu
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________________ 308 jainadarzana vyAptijJAnameM 'dhuoM agnise hI utpanna hotA hai, agnike abhAvameM kabhI nahIM hotA' isa prakArakA avinAbhAvI kAryakAraNabhAva gRhIta kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA grahaNa pratyakSase asambhava hai| ata: sAdhya-sAdhanavyaktiyoMkA pratyakSa yA kisI bhI pramANase jJAna, smaraNa, sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna Adi sAmagrIke bAda to sarvopasaMhArI vyAptijJAna hotA hai, vaha apane viSayameM saMvAdaka hai aura saMzaya, viparyaya Adi mamAropoMkA vyavacchedaka honese pramANa hai| vyAptikA svarUpa: avinAbhAvasambandhako vyApti kahate haiN| yadyapi sambandha dvayaniSTha hotA hai, para vastutaH vaha sambandhiyoMkI avasthAvizeSa hI hai / sambandhiyoMko chor3akara sambandha koI pRthak vastu nahIM hai| usakA varNana yA vyavahAra avazya doke binA nahIM ho sakatA, para svarUpa pratyeka padArthako paryAyase bhinna nahIM pAyA jaataa| isI taraha avinAbhAva yA vyApti una-una padArthoM kA svarUpa hI hai, jinameM yaha batalAyA jAtA hai| sAdhya aura sAdhanabhUta padArthoMkA vaha dharma vyApti kahalAtA hai, jisake jJAna aura smaraNase anumAnakI bhUmikA taiyAra hotI hai / 'sAdhyake binA sAdhanakA na honA ora sAdhyake honepara hI honA' ye donoM dharma eka prakAra se sAdhananiSTha hI haiM / isI taraha 'sAdhanake honepara sAdhyakA honA hI' yaha sAdhyakA dharma hai / sAdhanake honepara sAdhyakA honA hI anvaya kahalAtA hai aura sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA na honA hI vyatireka kahalAtA hai / vyApti yA avinAbhAva ina donoMrUpa hotA hai / yadyapi avinAbhAva (binA-sAdhya ke abhAva meM, a-nahIM, bhAva-honA) kA zabdArtha vyatirekavyApti taka hI somita lagatA hai, parantu sAdhyake binA nahIM honekA artha hai, sAdhyake hone para hI honA / yaha avinAbhAva rUpAdi guNoMkI taraha indriyagrAhya nahIM hotA / kintu sAdhya aura sAdhanabhUta padArthoke jJAna karaneke bAda smaraNa,
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna AdikI sahAyatAse jo eka mAnasa vikalpa hotA hai, vahI isa avinAbhAvako grahaNa karatA hai / isIkA nAma taka hai| 4. anumAna : 'sAdhanase sAdhyake jJAnako anumAna kahate hai / liGgagrahaNa aura vyAptismaraNake anu-pIche honevAlA, mAna-jJAna anumAna kahalAtA hai| yaha jJAna avizada honese parokSa hai, para apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI hai aura saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya Adi samAropoMkA nirAkaraNa karaneke kAraNa pramANa hai| sAdhanase sAdhyakA niyata jJAna avinAbhAvake balase hI hotA hai / sarvaprathama sAdhanako dekhakara pUrvagRhIta avinAbhAvakA smaraNa hotA hai, phira jisa sAdhanase sAdhyako vyApti grahaNa kI hai, usa sAdhanake sAtha vartamAna sAdhanakA sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna kiyA jAtA hai, taba sAdhyakA anumAna hotA hai / yaha mAnasa jJAna hai / liMgaparAmarza anumitikA karaNa nahIM: sAdhyakA jJAna hI sAdhyasambandhI ajJAnako nivRtti karaneke kAraNa anumitimeM karaNa ho sakatA hai aura vahI anumAna kahA jA sakatA hai, nayAyika Adike dvArA mAnA gayA liMgaparAmarga nahIM; kyoMki liMgaparAmarzameM vyAptikA smaraNa aura pakSadharmatAjJAna hotA hai arthAt 'dhUma sAdhana agni sAdhyase vyApta hai aura vaha parvatameM hai' itanA jJAna hotA hai / yaha jJAna kevala sAdhana-sambandhI ajJAnako haTAtA hai, sAdhyake ajJAnako nahIM / ataH yaha anumAnako sAmagrI to ho sakatA hai, svayaM anumAna nhiiN| anumitikA artha hai anumeya-sambandhI ajJAnako haTAkara anumeyArthakA jJAna / so isameM sAdhakatama karaNa to sAkSAt sAdhyajJAna hI ho sakatA hai / 1. "sAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAna..."-nyAyavi0 zlo0 167 /
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________________ 310 jainadarzana jisa prakAra ajJAta bhI cakSu apanI yogyatAse rUpajJAna utpanna kara detI hai usa prakAra sAdhana ajJAta rahakara sAdhyajJAna nahIM karA sakatA, kintu usakA sAdhanarUpase jJAna honA Avazyaka hai| sAdhanarUpase jJAnakA artha hai-sAdhyake sAtha usake avinAbhAvakA nizcaya ! anizcita sAdhana mAtra apane svarUpa yA yogyatAse sAdhyajJAna nahIM karA sakatA, ataH usakA avinAbhAva nizcita hI honA caahie| yaha nizcaya anumitike samaya apekSita hotA hai / ajJAyamAna dhUma to agnikA jJAna karA hI nahIM sakatA, anyathA supta aura mUcchita Adiko yA jinane Ajataka dhUmakA jJAna hI nahIM kiyA hai, unheM bhI agnijJAna ho jAnA caahie| avinAbhAva tAdAtmya aura tadutpattise niyantrita nahIM : avinAbhAva hI anumAnakI mUla dhurA hai| sahabhAvaniyama aura kramabhAvaniyamako avinAbhAva kahate hai / sahabhAvI rUpa, rasa Adi tathA vRkSa aura zizapA Adi vyApyavyApakabhUta padArthomeM sahabhAvaniyama hotA hai| niyata pUrvavartI aura uttaravartI kRttikodaya aura zakaTodayameM tathA kAryakAraNabhUta agni aura dhUma AdimeM kramabhAvaniyama hotA hai / avinAbhAvako kevala tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti ( kAryakAraNabhAva ) se hI niyantrita nahIM kara skte| jinameM paraspara tAdatmya nahIM hai aise rUpase rasakA anumAna hotA hai tathA jinameM paraspara kAryakAraNasambandha nahIM hai aise kRttikodayako dekhakara eka mUhUrta bAda hone vAle zakaTodayakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki jinameM paraspara tAdAtmya yA tadutpatti sambandha nahIM bhI hai, una padArthoMmeM niyata pUrvottarabhAva yAnI kramabhAva honepara tathA niyata sahabhAva honepara anumAna ho sakatA hai| ataH avinAbhAva tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti taka hI sImita nahIM hai / 1. "shkrmbhaavniymo'vinaabhaavH|" - parIkSAmukha 3616 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 311 sAdhana : jisakA sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva nizcita hai, use sAdhana' kahate haiN| avinAbhAva, anyathAnupapatti, vyApti ye saba ekArthavAcaka zabda haiM aura 'anyathAnupapatti rUpase nizcita honA' yahI ekamAtra sAdhanakA lakSaNa ho sakatA hai| sAdhya: zakya, abhipreta aura aprasiddhako sAdhya kahate hai / jo pratyakSAdi pramANoMse abAdhita honeke kAraNa siddha karaneke yogya hai, vaha zakya hai / vAdIko iSTa honese abhipreta hai aura saMdehAdiyukta hone ke kAraNa asiddha hai, vahI vastu sAdhya hotI hai| bauddha paramparAmeM bhI Ipsita aura iSTa, pratyakSAdi aviruddha aura pratyakSAdi anirAkRta ye vizeSaNa abhipreta aura zakyake sthAnameM prayukta hue hai| aprasiddha yA asiddha vizeSaNa to mAdhya zabdake arthase hI phalita hotA hai / sAdhyakA artha hai-middha karane yogya arthAt asiddha / siddha padArthakA anumAna vyartha hai / aniSTa tathA pratyakSAdibAdhita padArtha sAdhya nahIM ho sakate / kevala sisAdhayipita ( jisake siddha karanekI icchA hai ) arthako bhI sAdhya nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki bhramavaza aniSTa aura bAdhita padArtha bhI sisAdhayiSA ( mAdhanekI icchA ) ke viSaya banAye jA sakate hai, aise padArtha mAdhyAbhAsa hai, sAdhya nhiiN| amiddha vizeSaNa prativAdIkI apekSAse hai aura iSTa vizeSaNa vAdIkI dRSTise / - 1. 'anyathAnupapannatvaM hetorlakSaNamIritam |'-nyaayaavtaar zlo0 22 / 'sAdhanaM prakRtAbhAvo'nupapannaM |'-prmaannsN0 pR0 102 / 2. 'sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddham |'-nyaayvi0 zlo0 172 / 3. 'svarUpeNeva svayamamiSTo'nirAkRtaH pakSa iti |'-nyaayvi0 pR0 79 / 'nyAyamukhaprakaraNe tu svayaM sAdhyatvenepsitaH pakSo'viruddhArtho'nirAkRta iti pAThAt / ' -pramANavAtikAlaM0 pR0 510 /
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________________ 312 jainadarzana 'anumAnaprayogake samaya kahIM dharma aura kahIM dharmaviziSTa dharmI sAdhya hotA hai / parantu vyAptinizciyakAlame kevala dharma hI sAdhya hotA hai / anumAnake bheda: isake do bheda hai-eka svArthAnumAna aura aura dUsarA parArthAnumAna / svayaM nizcita sAdhanake dvArA honevAle mAyake jJAnako svArthAnumAna kahate hai, aura avinAbhAvI sAdhyasAdhanake vacanose zrotAko utpanna honevAlA sAdhyajJAna parArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai| yaha parArthAnumAna usI zrotAko hotA hai, jisane pahale vyApti grahaNa kara lI hai| vacanoMko parArthAnumAna to isalie kaha diyA jAtA hai ki ve vacana parabodhanako taiyAra hue vaktAke jJAnake kArya hai aura thotAke jJAnake kAraNa hai, ataH kAraNameM kAryakA aura kAryama kAraNakA upacAra kara liyA jAtA hai| isI upacArase vacana bhI parArthAnumAnarUpase vyavahAra meM Ate hai| vastutaH parArthAnumAna jJAnarUpa hI hai / vaktAkA jJAna bhI jaba zrotAko samajhAneke unmukha hotA hai to usa kAlameM vaha parArthAnumAna ho jAtA hai / svArthAnumAnake aMga : anumAnakA yaha svArtha aura parArtha vibhAga vaidika, jaina aura bauddha sabhI paramparAoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| kintu pratyakSakA bhI svArtha aura parArtharUpameM vibhAjana kevala A0 siddhasenake nyAyAvatAra ( zlo0 11,12) meM hI hai / svArthAnumAnake tIna aMga hai-dharmI, sAdhya aura sAdhana / sAdhana gamaka honese, sAdhya gamya honese aura dharmI sAdhya aura sAdhanabhUta dharmokA AdhAra honese aMga hai / vizeSa AdhArameM sAdhyakI siddhi karanA anumAnakA prayojana hai| kevala sAdhya dharmakA nizcaya to vyAptike grahaNake 1. dekho, parIkSAmukha 020-27 / 2. 'tadvacanamapi tadetutvAt / ' -parIkSAmukha 351 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 313 samaya hI ho jAtA hai / isake pakSa aura hetu ye do aMga bhI mAne jAte hai / yahA~ 'pakSa' zabdase sAdhyadharma aura dharmIkA samudAya vivakSita hai, kyoMki sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmIko hI pakSa kahate haiN| yadyapi svArthAnumAna jJAnarUpa hai, aura jJAnameM ye saba vibhAga nahIM kiye jA sakate; phira bhI usakA zabdase ullekha to karanA hI par3atA hai| jaise ki ghaTapratyakSakA 'yaha ghaDA hai' isa zabdake dvArA ullekha hotA hai, usI taraha 'yaha parvata agnivAlA hai, dhUmavAlA honese' ina zabdoMke dvArA svArthAnumAnakA pratipAdana hotA hai / dharmIkA svarUpa: dharmI prasiddha hotA hai| usakI prasiddhi kahIM pramANase, kahIM vikalpase aura kahIM pramANa aura vikalpa donoMse hotI hai / pratyakSAdi kisI pramANase jo dharmI siddha hotA hai, vaha pramANasiddha hai, jaise parvatAdi / jisakI pramANatA yA apramANatA nizcita na ho aisI pratItimAtrase jo dharmI siddha ho use vikalpasiddha kahate haiM, jaise 'sarvajJa hai, yA kharavipANa nahIM haiN|' yahA~ astitva aura nAstitvako siddhike pahale sarvajJa aura kharaviSANako pramANasiddha nahIM kaha skte| ve to mAtra pratIti yA vikalpase hI siddha hokara dharmI bane haiM / isa vikalpasiddha dharmImeM kevala sattA aura asattA hI sAdhya ho sakatI hai, kyoMki jinakI sattA aura asattAmeM vivAda hai, arthAt abhI taka jinakI sattA yA asattA pramANasiddha nahIM ho sakI hai, ve hI dharmI vikalpasiddha hote haiN| pramANa aura vikalpa donoMse prasiddha dharmI ubhayasiddhadharmI kahalAtA hai, jaise 'zabda anitya hai', yahA~ vartamAna zabda to pratyakSagamya honese pramANasiddha hai, kintu bhUta aura bhaviSyata tathA dezAntaravartI zabda vikalpa yA pratItise siddha hai aura saMpUrNa zabdamAtrako dharmI banAyA hai, ataH yaha ubhayasiddha hai| 1 'prasiddho dharmI / ' -parIkSAmukha 3 / 22 / 2 dekho, parIkSAmukha 3223 /
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________________ 314 jainadarzana 'pramANasiddha aura ubhayasiddha dharmImeM icchAnusAra koI bhI dharma sAdhya banAyA jA sakatA hai / vikalpasiddha dharmIko pratItisiddha, buddhisiddha aura pratyayasiddha bhI kahate haiN| parArthAnumAna : paropadezase honevAlA sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna parArthAnumAna hai| jaise 'yaha parvata agnivAlA hai, dhUmavAlA honese yA dhUmavAlA anyathA nahIM ho sakatA' isa vAkyako sunakara jisa zrotAne agni aura dhUmakI vyApti grahaNa kI hai, use vyAptikA smaraNa honepara jo agnijJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha parArthAnumAna hai / paropadezarUpa vacanoMko to parArthAnumAna upacArase hI kahate haiM, kyoMki vacana acetana haiM, ve jJAnarUpa mukhya pramANa nahIM ho skte| parArthAnumAnake do avayava isa parArthAnumAnake prayojaka vAkyake do avayava hote haiM-eka pratijJA aura dUsarA hetu / dharma aura dharmIke samudAyarUpa pakSake vacanako pratijJA kahate haiM, jaise 'yaha parvata agnivAlA hai|' sAdhyase avinAbhAva rakhanevAle sAdhanake vacanako hetu kahate haiM, jaise 'dhUmavAlA honese, yA dhUmavAlA anyathA nahIM ho sakatA' / hetuke ina do prayogoMmeM koI antara nahIM hai| pahalA kathana vidhirUpase hai aura dUsarA niSedha rUpase / 'agnike honepara hI dhUma hotA hai' isakA hI artha hai ki 'agnike abhAvameM nahIM hotaa|' donoM 1. parIkSAmukha 3 / 25 / 2. 'parArtha tu tadarthaparAmarzivacanAjAtam / ' -parIkSAmukha 3150 / 3. "hetostathopapattyA vA syAtprayogo'nyathApi vaa| dvividho'nyatareNApi sAdhyasiddhirbhavediti // ' -nyAyAvatAra zlo0 17 /
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________________ 315 anumAnapramANamImAMsA prayogoMmeM avinAbhAvI sAdhanakA kathana hai / ataH inameM se kisI ekakA hI prayoga karanA caahiye| pakSa aura pratijJA tathA sAdhana aura hetume vAcya aura vAcakakA bheda hai / pakSa aura sAdhana vAcya hai tathA pratijJA aura hetu unake vAcaka zabda / vyutpanna zrotAko pratijJA aura heturUpa paropadezase parArthAnumAna utpanna hotA hai| avayavoMkI anya mAnyatAe~: parArthAnumAnake pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI avayava hai / parArthAnumAnake sambandhameM paryApta matabheda hai| naiyAyika pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ye pA~ca avayava mAnate haiM / nyAyabhASyameM ( 1 / 1 / 32 ) jijJAsA, saMzaya, zakyaprApti, prayojana aura saMzayavyudAsa ina pAMca avayavoMkA aura bhI atirikta kathana milatA hai| dazavaikAlikaniyukti ( gA0 137 ) meM prakaraNavibhakti, hetuvibhakti Adi anya hI dasa avayavoMkA ullekha hai| pA~ca avayavavAle vAkyakA prayoga isa prakAra hotA hai-'parvata agnivAlA hai, dhUmavAlA honese, jo-jo dhUmavAlA hai vaha-vaha agnivAlA hotA hai jaise ki mahAnasa, usI taraha parvata bhI dhUmavAlA hai, isaliye agnivAlA hai|' sAMkhya upanaya aura nigamanake prayogako Avazyaka nahIM maante| mImAMsakoMkA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai / mImAMsakoMkI upanaya paryanta cAra avayava mAnanekI paramparAkA ullekha bhI jainagranthoMmeM pUrvapakSarUpase milatA hai| nyAyapraveza ( pR0 1, 2 ) meM pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tInakA avayava rUpase ullekha milatA hai| 1. 'prtishaahetuudaahrnnopnynigmnaanyvvyaaH|' -nyAyas0 1 / 1 / 32 / 2 dekho, sAMkhyakA0 mAThara vR0 pR0 5 / 3. prameyaratnamAlA 3337 /
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________________ jainadarzana 316 pakSaprayogakI AvazyakatA : pakSake prayogako dharmakIrtine asAdhanAGgavacana kahakara nigrahasthAna meM zAmila kiyA hai / inakA kahanA hai ki hetuke pakSadharmatva, sapakSa sattva aura vipakSavyAvRtti ye tIna rUpa haiN| anumAnake prayogake liye hameM hetuke isa trairUpyakA kathana karanA hI paryApta hai aura trirUpa hetu hI sAdhyasiddhike liye Avazyaka hai / 'jo sat hai vaha kSaNika hai, jaise ghar3A, cU~ki sabhI padArtha sat hai' yaha hetukA prayoga bauddhake matase hotA hai / isameM hetuke sAtha sAdhyakI vyApti dikhAkara pIche usakI pakSadharmatA ( pakSameM rahanA ) batAI gaI hai / dUsarA prakAra yaha bhI hai ki 'sabhI padArtha sat hai, jo sat hai vaha kSaNika hai, jaise ghar3A' isa prayoga meM pahale pakSadharmatva dikhAkara pIche vyApti dikhAI gaI hai / tAtparya yaha ki bauddha apane hetuke prayogameM hI dRSTAnta aura upanayako zAmila kara lete haiM / ve hetu dRSTAnta aura upanaya ina tIna avayavoMko prakArAntarase mAna lete haiM / jahA~ ve kevala hetuke prayogakI bAta karate haiM vahA~ hetuprayoga ke peTa meM dRSTAnta aura upanaya par3e hI hue haiM / pakSaprayoga aura nigamanako ve kisI bhI taraha nahIM mAnate; kyoMki pakSaprayoga nirarthaka hai aura nigamana piSTapeSaNa hai / 3 jaina tArkikoM kA kahanA hai ki ziSyoMko samajhAne ke liye zAstrapaddhati meM Apa yogyatAbhedase do, tIna, cAra aura pAMca yA isase bhI adhika avayava mAna sakate haiM, para vAdakathAmeM, jahA~ vidvAnoMkA hI adhikAra hai, pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI avayava kAryakArI haiM / pratijJAkA prayoga kiye binA sAdhyadharma ke AdhAra meM sandeha banA raha sakatA hai| binA pratijJAke 1. vAdanyAya pR0 61 / 2. 'viduSAM vAcyo hetureva hi kevalaH / - pramANavA0 1-28 / 3. 'bAlavyutpatyarthaM tattrayopagame zAstra evAsau na vAde'nupayogAt / ' - parIkSAmukha 3 -41 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 317 kisakI siddhike liye hetu diyA jAtA hai ? phira pakSadharmatvapradarzanake dvArA pratijJAko mAnakarake bhI bauddha kA usame inakAra karanA atibuddhimattA hai ! ____ jaba bauddhakA yaha kahanA hai ki 'samarthanake binA hetu nirarthaka hai'; taba acchA to yahI hai ki samarthanako hI anumAnakA avayava mAnA jAya, hetu to samarthanake kahanese svataH gamya ho jaayegaa| 'hetuke binA kahe kisakA samarthana ?' yaha samAdhAna pakSaprayogameM bhI lAgU hotA hai, 'pakSake binA kisakI siddhi ke liye hetu ?' yA 'pakSake binA hetu rahegA kahA~ ?' ata: prastAva Adike dvArA pakSa bhale hI gamyamAna ho, para vAdIko vAdakathAmeM apanA pakSa sthApana karanA hI hogA, anyathA pakSa-pratipakSakA vibhAga kaise kiyA jAyegA ? yadi hetuko kahakara Apa samarthanakI sArthakatA mAnate hai; to pakSako kahakara hI hetuprayogako nyAyya mAnanA caahiye| ataH jaba 'sAdhanavacanarUpa hetu aura pakSavacanarUpa pratijJA ina do avayavoMse hI paripUrNa arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai taba anya dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana vAdakathAmeM vyartha hai| udAharaNakI vyarthatA: udAharaNa sAdhyapratipattimeM kAraNa to isaliye nahIM hai ki avinAbhAvI sAdhanase ho sAdhyako siddhi ho jAtI hai| vipakSameM bAdhaka pramANa mila jAnese vyAptikA nizcaya bhI ho jAtA hai; ataH vyAptinizcayake liye bhI usakI upayogitA nahIM hai| phira dRSTAnta kisI khAsa vyaktikA hotA hai aura vyApti hotI hai sAmAnyarUpa / ataH yadi usa dRSTAntameM vivAda utpanna ho jAya to anya dRSTAnta upasthita karanA hogA, aura isa taraha anavasthA dUSaNa AtA hai| yadi kevala dRSTAntakA kathana kara diyA jAya to sAdhyadharmImeM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoMke sadbhAvameM zaMkA utpanna ho jAtI hai / anyathA upanaya aura nigamanakA prayoga kyoM kiyA 1. parIkSAmukha 3 / 32 / 2. parIkSAmukha 333-40 /
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________________ 318 jainadarzana jAtA hai ? vyAptismaraNake lie bhI udAharaNakI sArthakatA nahIM hai; kyoMki avinAbhAvI hetuke prayogamAtrase hI vyAptikA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| sabase khAsa bAta to yaha hai ki vibhinna matavAdI tattvakA svarUpa vibhinnarUpase svIkAra karate haiN| bauddha ghar3eko kSaNika kahate haiM, jaina kathaJcit kSaNika aura naiyAyika avayavIko anitya aura paramANuoMko nitya / aisI dazAmeM kisI sarvasammata dRSTAntakA milanA kaThina hai / ataH jaina tAkikoMne isake jhagar3eko hI haTA diyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki daSTAntameM vyAptikA grahaNa karanA anivArya bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki jaba samasta vastuoMko pakSa banA liyA jAtA hai taba kisI dRSTAntakA milanA asambhava ho jAtA hai| antataH pakSameM hI sAdhya aura sAdhanako vyApti vipakSa meM vAdhaka pramANa dekhakara siddha kara lI jAtI hai| isalie bhI dRSTAnta nirarthaka ho jAtA hai aura vAdakathAmeM avyavahArya bhii| hA~, bAlakoMkI vyutpattike lie usakI upayogitAse koI inakAra nahIM kara sktaa| upanaya aura nigamana to kevala upasaMhAra-vAkya haiM, jinakI apane meM koI upayogitA nahIM hai| dharmomeM hetu aura sAdhyake kathana mAtrase hI unakI sattA siddha hai| unameM koI saMzaya nahIM rhtaa| ___ vAdidevasUri ( syAdvAdaratnAkara pR0 548 ) ne viziSTa adhikArIke liye bauddhoMkI taraha kevala eka hetuke prayoga karanekI bhI sammati prakaTa kI hai / parantu bauddha to trirUpa hetuke samarthanameM pakSadharmatvake bahAne pratijJAke pratipAdya arthako kaha jAte haiM, para jaina to trairUpya nahIM mAnate, ve to kevala avinAbhAvako hI hetukA svarUpa mAnate haiM, taba ve kevala hetukA prayoga karake kaise pratijJAko gamya batA sakeMge ? ataH anumAnaprayogakI samagratAke lie avinAbhAvI hetuvAdI jainako pratijJA apane zabdoMse kahanI hI cAhie, anyathA sAdhyadharmake adhArakA sandeha kaise haTegA ? ataH jainake matase sIdhA anumAnavAkya isa prakArakA hotA hai-'parvata agni vAlA hai, dhUmavAlA honese' 'saba anekAntAtmaka hai, kyoMki sat haiN|'
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________________ 319 anumAnapramANamImAMsA pakSameM hetukA upasaMhAra upanaya hai aura hetupUrvaka pakSakA vacana nigamana hai / ye donoM avayava svatantrabhAvase kisokI siddhi nahIM karate / ataH lAghava, AvazyakatA aura upayogitA sabhI prakArase pratijJA aura hetu ina donoM avayavoMkI hI parArthAnumAnameM sArthakatA hai / vAdAdhikArI vidvAn inake prayogase hI udAharaNa Adise samajhAye jAnevAle arthako svataH hI samajha sakate hai| hetuke svarUpakI mImAMsA : hetukA svarUpa bhI vibhinna vAdiyoMne aneka prakArase mAnA hai| naiyAyika' pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva, vipakSavyAvRtti, abAdhitavipayatva aura asatpratipakSatva isa prakAra paMcarUpavAlA hetu mAnate hai / hetukA pakSameM rahanA, samasta sapanoMmeM yA kisI eka sapakSa meM rahanA, kisI bhI vipakSa meM nahIM pAyA jAnA, pratyakSAdise sAdhyakA bAdhita nahIM honA aura tulyabalavAle kisI pratipakSI hetukA nahIM honA ye pA~ca bAteM pratyeka saddhetuke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isakA samarthana udyotakarake nyAyavArtika ( 11115 ) meM dekhA jAtA hai / prazastapAdabhASya meM hetuke rUpyakA hI nirdeza hai| __rUpyavAdI bauddha trairUpyako svIkAra karake abAdhitaviSayatvako pakSake lakSaNase hI anugata kara lete hai; kyoMki pakSake lakSaNameM 'pratyakSAdyanirAkRta' pada diyA gayA hai| apane sAdhyake sAtha nizcita rUpyavAle hetumeM samavalavAle kisI pratipakSI hetukI sambhAvanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI, ataH asatpratipakSatva anAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| isa taraha ve tIna rUpoMko hetukA atyanta Avazyaka svarUpa mAnate hai aura isI trirUpa hetuko sAdhanAGga kahate hai aura inakI nyUnatAko asAdhanAGga vacana kahakara nigraha 1. dekhI nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 11115 / 2. praza0 kandalI pR0 300 /
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________________ 320 jainadarzana sthAnameM zAmila karate hai| pakSadharmatva asiddhatva doSakA parihAra karaneke lie hai, sapanasattva viruddhatvakA nirAkaraNa karaneke lie tathA vipakSavyAvRtti anaikAntika dopakI vyAvRttike lie hai| jaina dArzanikoMne prathamase hI anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAvako hI hetuke prANarUpame pakar3A hai / sapakSasattva imalie Avazyaka nahIM hai ki eka to samasta pakSoMmeM hetukA honA anivArya nahIM hai| dUsare sapakSameM rahane yA na rahanese hetRtAmeM koI antara nahIM aataa| kevalavyatireko hetU sapakSameM nahIM rahatA, phira bhI saddhetu hai / 'henukA sAdhyake abhAvameM nahIM hI pAyA jAnA' yaha anyathAnupapatti, anya saba rUpoMkI vyarthatA siddha kara detI hai| pakSadharmatva bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai; kyoMki aneka hetu aise haiM jo pakSameM nahIM pAye jAte, phira bhI apane avinAbhAvo sAdhyakA jJAna karAte haiM / jaise 'rohiNI nakSatra eka mahartake vAda udita hogA, kyoMki isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya hai|' yahA~ kRttikAke udaya aura eka muhUrta bAda honevAle zakaTodaya (rohiNIke udaya ) meM avinAbhAva hai, vaha avazya hI hogA; parantu kRttikAkA udaya rohiNI nAmaka pakSameM nahIM pAyA jaataa| ataH pakSadharmatva aisA rUpa nahIM hai jo hetukI hetutAke liye anivArya ho / kAla aura AkAzako pakSa banAkara kRttikA aura rohiNIkA sambandha baiThAnA to buddhikA atiprasaMga hai / ataH kevala niyamavAlI vipakSavyAvRtti ho hetukI AtmA hai, isake abhAvameM vaha hetu hI nahIM raha sakatA / sapakSasattva to isaliye mAnA jAtA hai ki hetukA avinAbhAva kisI dRSTAntameM grahaNa karanA cAhiye yA dikhAnA caahie| parantu hetu bahirvyApti ( dRSTAntameM sAdhyasAdhanako 1. hetostriSvapi rUpeSu nirNayastena varNitaH / ____ asiddhaviparItArthavyabhicArivipakSataH ||'-prmaannvaa0 3 / 14 / 2. dekho, pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 3 / 1 / 3. pramANasaM0 pR0 104 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 321 cyApti ) ke balapara gamaka nahIM hotaa| vaha to antarvyApti ( pakSameM sAdhyasAdhanakI vyApti ) se hI saddhetu banatA hai| jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita hai usake sAdhyameM pratyakSAdi pramANoMse bAdhA hI nahIM A sktii| phira bAdhita to sAdhya hI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki sAdhyake lakSaName 'abAdhita' pada par3A huA hai| jo bAdhita hogA vaha sAdhyAbhAsa hokara anumAnako Age bar3hanehI na degaa| isI taraha jima hetukA apane gAdhyake mAya samaga avinAbhAva hai, usakA tulyabalazAlI pratipakSI pratihetu sambhava hI nahIM hai, jisake vAraNa karaneke lie asatpratipakSatvako hetukA svarUpa mAnA jAga / nizcita avinAbhAva na honese 'garbhameM AyA huA mitrAkA putra zyAma hogA, kyoMki vaha mitrAkA putra hai jaise ki umake anya zyAma putra' ima anumAnameM trirUpatA hone para bhI matyatA nahIM hai| mitrAputratva hetu garbhastha putrameM hai, ataH pakSadharmatva mila gayA, sapakSabhUta anya putroMme pAyA jAtA hai, ataH mapakSasattva bhI siddha hai, vipakSabhata gore caitrake putroMse vaha vyAvRtta hai, ataH sAmAnyatayA vipakSavyAvRtti bhI hai| mitrAputrake zyAmatvameM koI bAdhA nahIM hai aura samAna balavAlA koI pratipakSI hetu nahIM hai / isa taraha isa mitrAputratva hetumeM trairUpya aura pAMcarUpya honepara bhI satyatA nahIM hai; kyoMki mitrAputratvakA zyAmatvake sAtha koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai| avinA. bhAva isalie nahIM hai ki usakA zyAmatvake sAtha sahabhAva yA kramabhAva niyama nahIM hai| zyAmatvakA kAraNa hai usake utpAdaka nAmakarmakA udaya aura mitrAkA garbha avasthAmeM harI patrazAka AdikA khAnA / ataH jaba mitrAputratvakA zyAmatvake sAtha kisI nimittaka avinAbhAva nahIM hai aura vipakSabhUta gauratvakI bhI vahA~ sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai, taba vaha saccA hetu nahIM ho sakatA, parantu trairUpya aura pAMcarUpya usameM avazya pAye jAte hai| kRttikodaya AdimeM trairUpya aura pAMcarUpya na hone para bhI avinAbhAva honeke kAraNa saddhetutA hai / ataH avinAbhAva hI eka mAtra hetukA svarUpa
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________________ 322 jainadarzana ho sakatA hai, trairUpya Adi nahIM / isa AzayakA eka pracIna zloka milatA hai, jise akalaMkadevane nyAyavinizcaya ( zlo0 323 ) meM zAmila kiyA hai / tattvasaMgrahapaMjikAke anusAra yaha zloka pAtrasvAmIkA hai / "anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ? nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ?" arthAt jahA~ anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAva hai vahA~ trarUpya mAnanese koI lAbha nahIM aura jahA~ anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai vahA~ trairUpya mAnanA bhI vyartha hai| AcArya vidyAnandane isIkI chAyAse paMcarUpakA khaMDana karanevAlA nimnalikhita zloka racA hai "anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra kiM tatra paJcabhiH ? nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra kiM tatra paJcabhiH // " -pramANaparIkSA pRSTha 72 / arthAt jahA~ ( kRttikodaya Adi hetuoMmeM ) anyathAnupapannatva-avinAbhAva hai vahA~ paJcarUpa na bhI hoM to bhI koI hAni nahIM hai, unake mAnane se kyA lAbha ? aura jahA~ ( mitrAtanayatva Adi hetuoMmeM ) paJcarUpa haiM aura anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai, vahA~ paJcarUpa mAnanese kyA ? ve vyartha haiN| __ hetubinduTIkAmeM ina pA~ca rUpoMke atirikta chaThaveM 'jJAtatva' svarUpako mAnanevAle matakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| yaha ullekha sAmAnyatayA naiyAyika aura mImAMsakakA nAma lekara kiyA gayA hai| pAMca rUpoMmeM asa 1. 'anyathetyAdinA pAtrasvAmi matamAzaGkate / ' -tatvasaM0 paM0 zlo0 1364 / 2. 'SaDlakSaNo heturityapare naiyAyikamImAMsakAdayo manyante tathA vivakSitaikasaMkhyatvaM rUpAntaram-ekA saMkhyA yasya hetudravyasya tadekasaMkhyaM "yokasaMkhyAvacchinnAyAM pratiheturahitAyAM tathA zAtatvaM ca jJAnaviSayatvam |'-hetubi0 TI0 pR0 206 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 323 tpratipakSatvakA vivakSitaikasaMkhyatva zabdase nirdeza hai| asatpratipakSa arthAt jisakA koI pratipakSI hetu vidyamAna na ho, jo apratidvandvI ho aura vivakSitaka-saMkhyatvakA bhI yahI artha hai ki jisakI eka saMkhyA ho arthAt jo akelA ho, jisakA koI pratipakSI na ho| SaDlakSaNa hetume jJAtatvarUpake pRthak kahanekI koI AvazyakatA nahI hai; kyoki liga ajJAta hokara sAdhyakA jJAna karA hI nahIM sktaa| vaha na kevala jJAta hI ho, kintu use apane sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAvIrUpame nizcita bhI honA caahiye| tAtparya yaha ki eka avinAbhAvake honepara zeSa rUpa yA to nirarthaka hai yA usa avinAbhAvake vistAra mAtra hai| bAdhA' aura avinAbhAvakA virodha hai| yadi hetu apane sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva rakhatA hai, to bAdhA kaisI ? aura yadi bAdhA hai, to avinAbhAva kaisA ? iname kevala eka "vipakSavyAvRtti' rUpa hI aisA hai, jo hetukA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa ho sakatA hai / isIkA nAma avinAbhAva hai| naiyAyika anvayavyatirekI, kevalAnvayI aura kevalavyatirekI isa taraha tIna prakArake hetu mAnate hai / 'zabda anitya hai, kyoki vaha kRtaka hai' ima anumAname kRtakatva hetu sapakSabhUta anitya ghaTame pAyA jAtA hai aura AkAza Adi nitya vipakSose vyAbRtta rahatA hai aura pakSame isakA rahanA nizcita hai, ataH yaha anvayavyatirekI hai / isame paJcarUpatA vidyamAna hai / 'adRSTa Adi kisIke pratyakSa hai, kyoki ve anumeya hai' yahA~ anumeyatva hetu pakSabhUta adRSTAdime pAyA jAtA hai, sapakSa ghaTame bhI isakI vRtti hai, isalie pakSadharmatva aura sapakSasattva to hai, para vipakSa-vyAvRtti nahI hai; kyoki jagatake samasta padArtha pakSa aura sapakSake antargata A gaye hai| jaba koI vipakSa hai hI nahI taba vyAvRtti kisase ho? isa kevalA. nvayI hetume vipakSavyAvRttike sivAya anya cAra rUpa pAye jAte hai / - 1. 'bAdhAvinAbhAvayovirodhAt / ' -hetubi0 pari0 4 /
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________________ 324 jainadarzana C 'jIvita zarIra AtmAse yukta hai, kyoMki usameM prANAdimattva - zvAsocchvAsa Adi pAye jAte haiM', yahA~ jIvita zarIra pakSa hai, sAtmakatva sAdhya hai aura prANAdimattva hetu hai / yaha pakSabhUta jovita zarIra meM pAyA jAtA hai aura vipakSabhUta patthara Adise vyAvRtta hai, ataH isameM pakSadharmatva aura vipakSavyAvRtti to pAI jAtI hai; kintu sapakSasattva nahIM hai, kyoMki jagat ke samasta cetana padArthoMkA pakSameM aura acetana padArthoMkA vipakSa meM antarbhAva ho gayA hai, sapakSa koI bacatA hI nahIM hai / isa kevalavyatirekI hetu meM sapakSa sattva ke sivAya anya cAra rUpa pAye jAte haiM / svayaM naiyAyikoM ne kevalAnvayI aura kevalavyatirekI hetuoMmeM cAra-cAra rUpa svIkAra karake caturlakSaNako bhI sadhetu mAnA hai / isa taraha paJcarUpatA ina tuoM meM apane Apa avyApta siddha ho jAtI hai / kevala eka avinAbhAva hI aisA hai, jo samasta sadhetuoMmeM anupacaritarUpase pAyA jAtA hai aura kisI bhI hetvAbhAsameM isakI sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / isa lie jainadarzanane hetuko 'anyathAnupapatti' yA 'avinAbhAva' rUpase ekalakSaNavAlA hI mAnA hai / 2 hetuke prakAra : vaizeSika sUtrameM eka jagaha ( 6 / 211 ) kArya, kAraNa, saMyogI, samavAyI aura virodhI ina pA~ca prakArake liMgoMkA nirdeza hai / anyatra 1. ' yadyapyavinAbhAvaH paJcasu catuSu vA rUpeSu liGgasya samApyate / ' -nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 pR0 178 / "kevalAnvayasAdhako hetuH kevalAnvayI / asya ca pakSa sattvasapacasattvAbAdhitAsatpratipakSitatvAni catvAri rUpANi gamakatvaupayikAni / anvayavyatirekiNastu hetorvipakSAsattvena saha paJca / kevalavyatirekiNaH sapakSasatvavyatirekeNa catvAri / " - vaize 0 2. 'anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM tatra sAdhanam / ' -ta0 zlo0 1|13|121 / 0 upa0 pR0 97 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 325 ( 3-11-23 ) abhUta-bhUtakA, bhUta-abhUtakA aura bhUta-bhUtakA isa prakAra tIna hetuoMkA varNana hai| bauddha' svabhAva, kArya aura anupalabdhi isa taraha tIna prakArake hetu mAnate hai| kAryahetukA apane sAdhyake sAtha tadutpatti sambandha hotA hai, svabhAvahetukA tAdAtmya hotA hai aura anupalabdhiyoMmeM bhI tAdAtmyasambandha hI vivakSita hai| jaina tArkikaparamparAmeM avinAbhAvako kevala tAdAtmya aura tadutpattimeM hI nahIM bAMdhA hai, kintu usakA vyApaka kSetra nizcita kiyA hai| avinAbhAva, sahabhAva aura kramabhAvamUlaka hotA hai| sahabhAva tAdAtmyaprayukta bhI ho sakatA hai aura tAdAtmyake binA bhii| jaise ki tarAjUke eka palar3ekA Uparako jAnA aura dUsarekA nIcekI tarapha jhukanA, ina donoMmeM tAdAtmya na hokara bhI sahabhAva hai / kramabhAva kArya-kAraNabhAvamUlaka bhI hotA hai aura kAryakAraNabhAvake binA bhii| jaise ki kRttikodaya aura usake eka muhUrtake bAda udita honevAle zakaTodayameM paraspara kAryakAraNabhAva na hone para bhI niyata kramabhAva hai| ___ avinAbhAvake isI vyApaka svarUpako AdhAra banAkara jaina paramparAmeM hetuke svabhAva, vyApaka, kArya, kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara ye bheda kiye hai / hetuke sAmAnyatayA do bheda bhI hote haiM -eka upalabdhirUpa aura dUsarA anupalabdhirUpa / upalabdhi, vidhi aura pratiSedha donoMko siddha karatI hai / isI taraha anupalabdhi bhii| bauddha kArya aura svabhAva hetuko kevala vidhisAdhaka aura anupalabdhi hetuko mAtra pratiSedhasAdhaka mAnate hai, kintu Age diye jAnevAle udAharaNoMse yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA ki anupalabdhi aura upalabdhi donoM hI hetu vidhi aura pratiSedha donoMke 1. nyAyabindu 2 / 12 / 2. parIkSAmukha 3154 / 3. parIkSAmukha 352 / 4. 'atra dvau vastusAdhanau, ekaH prtissedhhetuH|' -nyAyabi0 2 / 19 /
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________________ 326 jainadarzana sAdhaka hai / vaizeSika saMyoga aura samavAyako svatantra sambandha mAnate hai, ataH etannimittaka saMyogI aura samavAyI ye do hetu unhoMne svatantra mAne hai; parantu isa prakArake bheda sahabhAvamUlaka avinAbhAvameM saMgRhIta ho jAte hai / ve yA to sahacarahetume yA svabhAvahetu meM antarbhUta ho jAte hai / kAraNahetukA samarthana : 5 bauddha kAraNahetuko svIkAra nahIM karate hai| unakA kahanA hai ki 'kAraNa avazya hI kAryako utpanna kare' aisA niyama nahIM hai / jo antima kSaNaprApta kAraNa niyamase kAryakA utpAdaka hai, usake dUsare kSaNameM hI kAryakA pratyakSa ho jAne vAlA hai, ataH usakA anumAna nirarthaka hai / kintu a~dhere meM kisI phalake rasako cakhakara tatsamAnakAlIna rUpakA anumAna kAraNase kAryakA anumAna hI to haiM, kyoMki vartamAna rasako pUrva rasa upAdAnabhAvase tathA pUrvarUpa nimittabhAva se utpanna karatA hai aura pUrvarUpa apane uttararUpako paidA karake hI rasameM nimitta banatA hai / ataH rasako cakhakara usakI ekasAmagrIkA anumAna hotA hai / phira ekasAmagrI ke anumAna se jo uttara rUpakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha kAraNase kAryakA hI anumAna hai / ise svabhAvahetumeM antarbhUta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kAraNase kAryake anumAnameM do zarta Avazyaka hai / eka to usa kAraNakI zaktikA kisI pratibandhakase pratirodha na ho aura dUsare sAmagrIkI vikalatA na ho / ina do bAtoM kA nizcaya hone para hI kAraNa kAryakA avyabhicArI anumAna karA sakatA hai| jahA~ inakA nizcaya na ho, vahA~ na sahI; para 1. ' na ca kAraNAni avazyaM kAryavanti bhavanti / ' nyAyabi0 2 / 49 | 2. 'rasAdekasAmagryanumAnena rUpAnumAnamicchadbhiriSTameva kiJcit kAraNaM heturyatra sAmarthyApratibandhakAraNAntarAvaikalye / ' - parIkSAmukha 3 55 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 327 jisa kAraNake sambandhameM inakA nizcaya karanA zakya hai, usa kAraNako hetu svIkAra karane meM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhiye / pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara hetu : ____ isI taraha pUrvacara aura uttaracara hetuoMmeM na to tAdAtmya sambandha pAyA jAtA hai aura na tadutpatti ho; kyoMki kAlakA vyavadhAna rahane para ina donoM sambandhoMkI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / ataH inheM bhI pRthak hetu svIkAra karanA cAhiye / Aja hue apazakunako kAlAntarameM honevAle maraNakA kArya mAnanA tathA atIta jAgRta avasthAke jJAnako prabodhakAlIna jJAnake prati kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki kAryakI utpatti kAraNa ke vyApArake adhIna hotI hai| jo kAraNa atIta aura anutpanna honeke kAraNa svayaM asat haiM, ata eva vyApArazanya haiM; unase kAryotpattikI sambhAvanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? ___ isI taraha sahacArI padArtha ekasAtha utpanna hote haiM, ataH ve paraspara kAryakAraNabhUta nahIM kahe jA sakate aura eka apanI sthitimeM dUsareko apekSA nahIM karatA, ataH unameM paraspara tAdAtmya bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / isaliye sahacara hetuko bhI pRthak mAnanA hI cAhiye / hetuke bheda : vidhisAdhaka upalabdhiko aviruddhopalabdhi aura pratiSedha-sAdhaka upalabdhiko viruddhopalabdhi kahate haiM / inake udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM: (1) aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi-zabda pariNAmI hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai| 1. dekho, lavIya0 zlo0 14 / parIkSAmukha 3 / 56-58 / 2. parIkSAmukha 3159 / 3. parIkSAmukha 3160-65 /
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________________ 328 jainadarzana ( 2 ) aviruddhakAryopalabdhi-isa prANIme buddhi hai, kyoMki vacana Adi degve jAte hai| ( 3 ) aviruddhakAraNopalabdhi-yahAM chAyA hai, kyoMki chatra hai| ( 4 ) aviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi-eka mahUtake bAda zakaTa ( rohiNI ) kA udaya hogA, kyoMki isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya ho rahA hai / (5) aviruddhottaracaropalabdhi--eka muhUrta pahale bharaNIkA udaya ho cukA hai, kyoMki isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya ho rahA hai / ( 6 ) aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi-isa vijauremeM rUpa hai, kyoMki rasa pAyA jAtA hai| inameM aviruddhavyApakopalabdhi bheda isaliye nahIM batAyA ki vyApaka vyApyakA jJAna nahIM karAtA, kyoMki vaha usake abhAvameM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| pratiSedhako siddha karanevAlI chaha viruddhopalabdhiyA~'-- (1) viruddhavyApyopalabdhi-yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki uSNatA pAyI jAtI hai| (2) viruddhakAryopalabdhi-yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUpa pAyA jAtA hai| (3 ) viruddhakAraNopalabdhi-isa prANIme sukha nahIM hai, kyoMki isake hRdayameM zalya hai| (4) viruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi-eka muhUrtake bAda rohiNIkA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki isa samaya revatIkA udaya ho rahA hai| (5) viruddhauttaracaropalabdhi-eka muhUrta pahale bharaNIkA udaya nahIM huA, kyoMki isa samaya puSyakA udaya ho rahA hai / 1. parIkSAmukha 3166-72 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 329 ( 6 ) viruddhasahacaropalabdhi-isa dovAlameM usa taraphake hissekA abhAva nahIM hai, kyoMki isa taraphakA hissA dekhA jAtA hai / ina chaha upalabdhiyoMmeM pratiSedha sAdhya hai aura jisakA pratiSedha kiyA jA rahA hai usase viruddhake vyApya, kArya, kAraNa Adiko upalabdhi vivakSita hai| jaise viruddha kAraNopalabdhimeM sukhakA pratiSedha sAdhya hai, to sukhakA virodhI duHkha huA, usake kAraNa hRdayazalyako hetu banAyA gayA hai| pratiSedhasAdhaka sAta aviruddhAnupalabdhiyA~ -- ( 1 ) aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi-isa bhUtalapara ghar3A nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha anupalabdha hai| yadyapi yahA~ ghaTAbhAvakA jJAna pratyakSase hI ho jAtA hai, parantu jo vyakti abhAvavyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhate unheM abhAvavyavahAra karAnemeM isakI sArthakatA hai| ( 2 ) aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi-yahA~ zIzama nahIM hai, kyoMki vRkSa nahIM pAyA jaataa| (3 ) aviruddha kAryAnupalabdhi-yahA~para apratibaddha zAktivAlI agni nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma nahIM pAyA jaataa| yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA kAryAbhAvase kAraNAbhAva nahIM hotA, para aise kAraNakA abhAva kAryake abhAvase avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai jo niyamase kAryakA utpAdaka hotA hai| ( 4 ) aviruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi-yahAM dhUma nahIM hai, kyoMki agni nahIM pAyo jaatii| (5) aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi-eka muhUrtake bAda rohiNIkA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikAkA udaya nahIM huA hai| 1. parIkSAmukha 3173-80 /
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________________ 330 jainadarzana (6) aviruddha uttaracarAnupalabdhi - eka muhUrta pahale bharaNIkA udaya nahIM huA, kyoMki abhI kRttikAkA udaya nahIM hai / (7) aviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi -- isa samatarAjUkA eka palar3A nIcA nahIM hai, kyoMki dUsarA palar3A UMcA nahIM pAyA jAtA / 1 vidhisAdhaka tIna viruddhAnupalabdhiyA~ - ( 1 ) viruddha kAryAnupalabdhi - isa prANImeM koI vyAdhi hai, kyoMki isakI ceSTAe~ nIroga vyaktikI nahIM hai / ( 2 ) viruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi - isa prANImeM duHkha hai, kyoMki iSTasaMyoga nahIM dekhA jAtA / ( 3 ) viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi - vastu anekAntAtmaka hai, kyoMki ekAnta svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotA / ina anupalabdhiyoMme sAdhyase viruddhake kArya, kAraNa AdikI anupalabdhi batAyI gaI hai| hetuoM kA yaha vargIkaraNa parIkSAmukhake AdhArase hai / vAdidevasUrine 'pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra' ( 3|64 ) meM vidhisAdhaka tIna anupalabdhiyoMkI jagaha pA~ca anupalabdhiyA~ batAI hai tathA niSedhasAdhaka chaha anupalabdhiyoMkI jagaha sAta anupalabdhiyA~ ginAI hai / AcArya vidyAnanda ne vaizeSikoMke abhUta-bhUtAdi tIna prakAroMmeM 'abhUta abhUtakA' yaha eka prakAra aura bar3hAkara sabhI vidhi aura niSedha sAdhaka upalabdhiyoM tathA anupalabdhiyoMko inhIMme antarbhUta kiyA hai / akalaMkadevane 'pramANasaMgraha' ( pR0 104 - 5 ) sadbhAvasAdhaka chaha aura pratiSeghasAdhaka tIna isa taraha nava upalabdhiyA~ aura pratiSedhasAdhaka chaha anupalabdhiyoMkA kaMThokta varNana karake zeSakA inhIM meM antarbhAva karanekA saMketa kiyA hai / 1. parIkSAmukha 3 / 81-84 / 2. pramANaparIkSA pR0 72-74 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 331 paramparAse saMbhAvita hetu-kAryake kArya, kAraNake kAraNa, kAraNake virodhI Adi hetuokA inhIme antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| adRzyAnupalabdhi bhI abhAvasAdhikA : bauddha' dRzyAnupalabdhise hI abhAvakI middhi mAnate hai| dRzyase unakA tAtparya aisI vastuse hai ki jo vastu sUkSma, antarita yA dUravartI na ho tathA jo pratyakSakA viSaya ho sakatI ho| aisI vastu upalabdhike samasta kAraNa milanepara bhI yadi upalabdha na ho to usakA abhAva samajhanA cAhie / sUkSma Adi viprakRSTa padArthome hama logoke pratyakSa Adi pramANokI nivRtti honepara bhI unakA abhAva nahIM hotaa| pramANako pravRttise prameyakA sadbhAva to jAnA jAtA hai, para pramANakI nivRttise prameyakA abhAva nahI kiyA sktaa| ata viprakRSTa viSayokI anupalabdhi sazayahetu honese abhAvamAdhaka nahI ho sktii| vastuke dRzyatvakA itanA hI artha hai ki usake upalambha karanevAle samasta karaNokI mamagratA ho aura vastume eka vizeSa svabhAva ho| ghaTa aura bhUtala ekajJAnasasargI ye, jitane kAraNose bhUtala dikhAI detA hai utane hI karaNose ghddaa| ata jaba zuddha bhUtala dikhAI de rahA hai taba yaha to mAnanA hI hogA ki vahA~ bhatalakI upalabdhikI vaha saba sAmagrI vidyamAna hai jisase ghaDA yadi hotA to vaha bhI avazya dikha jaataa| tAtparya yaha ki ekajJAnasasargI padArthAntarakI upalabdhi isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki vahA~ upalabdhiko samasta sAmagrI hai / ghaTame usa sAmagrIke dvArA pratyakSa honekA svabhAva bhI hai, kyoki yadi vahA~ ghaDA lAyA jAya to usI sAmagrIse vaha avazya dikha jaaygaa| pizAcAdi yA paramANu Adi padArthome vaha svabhAvavizeSa nahI hai, ata sAmagrIko pUrNatA rahane para bhI unakA pratyakSa nahI ho paataa| yahA~ sAmagrIko pUrNatAkA 1. nyAyavindu 2 / 28-30, 46 / * nyAyabindu 2 / 48-49 /
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________________ 332 jainadarzana pramANa isalie nahIM diyA jA sakatA ki unakA ekajJAnasaMsargI koI padArtha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isa dRzyatAko 'upalabdhilakSaNaprApta' zabdase bhI kahate haiM / isa taraha bauddha dRzyAnupalabdhiko gamaka aura adRzyAnulabdhiko saMzayahetu mAnate hai / __ parantu jainatArkika 'akalaMkadeva kahate hai ki dRzyatvakA artha kevala pratyakSayaviSatva hI nahIM hai, kintu usakA artha hai pramANaviSayatva / jo vastu jisa pramANakA viSaya hotI hai, vaha vastu yadi usI pramANase upalabdha na ho to usakA abhAva siddha ho jAnA cAhiye / upalambhakA artha pramANasAmanya hai / dekho, mRta zarIrameM svabhAvase atIndriya paracaitanyakA abhAva bhI hama loga siddha karate hai| yahAM paracaitanyameM pratyakSaviSayatvarUpa dRzyatva to nahIM hai, kyoMki paracaitanya kabhI bhI hamAre pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| hama to vacana, uSNatA, zvAsocchvAsa yA AkAravizeSa Adike dvArA zarIrameM mAtra usakA anumAna karate hai / ataH unhIM vacanAdike abhAvase caitanyakA abhAva siddha honA caahiye| yadi adRzyAnupalabdhiko saMzayahetu mAnate haiM; to AtmAkI sattA bhI kaise siddha kI jA sakegI ? AtmAdi adRzya padArtha anumAnake viSaya hote hai| ata: yadi hama unake sAdhaka cihnoMke abhAvameM unakI anumAnase bhI upalabdhi na kara sakeM to ho unakA abhAva mAnanA cAhie / hA~, jina padArthoko hama kisI bhI pramANase nahIM jAna sakate, unakA abhAva hama anupalabdhise nahIM kara sakate / yadi parazarIrameM caitanyakA abhAva hama anupalabdhise na jAna sakeM aura saMzaya hI banA rahe, to mRtazarIrakA dAha karanA kaThina ho jAyagA aura dAha karanevAloMko sandeha meM pAtakI bananA pdd'egaa| saMsArake samasta 1. 'adRzyAnupalambhAdabhAvAsiddhirityayuktaM paracaitanyanivRttAvArekApatteH, saMskartRNAM pAtakitvaprasaGgAt vahulamapratyakSasyApi rogAdevinivRttinirNayAt / ' aSTaza0, aSTasaha0 pR0 52 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 333 guruziSyabhAva, dena lena Adi vyavahAra, atIndriya caitanyakA AkRtivizeSa Adise sadbhAva mAnakara hI calate hai aura unake abhAva meM caitanyakA abhAva jAnakara mRtaka meM ve vyavahAra nahIM kiye jAte / tAtparya yaha ki jisa padArthako hama jina-jina pramANoMse jAnate haiM usa vastukA una-una pramANoMkI nivRtti hone para avazya hI abhAva mAnanA cAhie / ataH dRzyatvakA saMkucita artha - mAtra pratyakSatva na karake 'pramANaviSayatva' karanA hI ucita hai aura vyavahArya bhI hai| udAharaNAdi : yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki avyutpanna zrotA ke lie udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ina avayavoMko bhI sArthakatA hai | svArthAnumAnameM bhI jo vyakti vyAptiko bhUla gayA hai, use vyAptismaraNa ke liye kadAcit udAharaNakA upayoga ho bhI sakatA hai, para vyutpanna vyaktiko usakI koI upayogitA nahIM hai / vyAptikI sampratipatti arthAt vAdI aura prativAdokI samAna pratIti jisa sthala meM ho usa sthalako dRSTAnta kahate hai aura dRSTAntakA samyak vacana udAharaNa' kahalAtA hai / sAdhya aura sAdhanako vyApti - avinAbhAvasambandha kahIM sAdharmya arthAt anvayarUpase gRhIta hotA hai aura kahIM vaidharmya arthAt vyatirekarUpase / jahA~ anvayavyApti gRhIta ho vaha anvayadRSTAnta tathA vyatirekavyApti jahA~ gRhIta ho vaha vyatirekadRSTAnta hai / isa dRSTAntakA samyak arthAt dRSTAntakI vidhise kathana karanA udAharaNa hai / jaise 'jo-jo ghUmavAlA hai vaha vaha agnivAlA hai, jaise ki mahAnasa, jahA~ agni nahIM hai vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hai, jaise ki mahAhRda isa prakAra vyAptipUrvaka dRSTAntakA kathana udAharaNa kahalAtA hai / ' dRSTAntakI sadRzatAse pakSameM sAdhanako sattA dikhAnA upanaya hai / 1. dekho, parIkSAmukha 3 / 42-44 / 2. parIkSAmukha 3 / 45 /
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________________ 334 jainadarzana jaise 'usI taraha yaha bhI dhUmavAlA hai|' sAdhanakA anuvAda karake pakSameM sAdhyakA niyama batAnA nigamana hai| jaise 'isaliye agnivAlA hai|' saMkSepame hetuke usasaMhArako upanaya kahate hai aura pratijJAke upasaMhArako nigmn'| hetukA kathana kahIM tathopapatti ( sAdhyake hone para hI sAdhanakA honA), anvaya yA sAdharmyarUpase hotA hai aura kahIM anyathAnupapatti ( sAdhyake abhAva me hetukA nahIM hI honA ), vyatireka yA vaidharmyarUpase hotA hai / donoMkA prayoga karanese punarukti dUpaNa AtA hai / hetukA prayoga vyAptigrahaNake anusAra hI hotA hai| ataH hetuke prayogamAtrase vidvAn vyAptikA smaraNa yA avadhAraNa kara lete hai| pakSakA prayoga to isaliye Avazyaka hai ki sAdhya aura sAdhanakA AdhAra atispaSTarUpase sUcita ho jAya / vyAptike prasaMgase vyApya aura vyApakakA lakSaNa bhI jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| vyApya aura vyApaka: ___ vyAptikriyAkA jo karma hotA hai arthAt jo vyApta hotA hai vaha vyApya hai aura jo vyAptikriyAkA kartA hotA hai arthAt jo vyApta karatA hai vaha vyApaka hotA hai| jaise agni dhuAMko vyApta karatI hai arthAt jahA~ bhI dhUma hogA vahA~ agni avazya milegI, para dhuA~ agniko vyApta nahIM karatA, kAraNa yaha hai ki nirdhUma bhI agni pAI jAtI hai / hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki 'jahA~ bhI agni hai vahA~ dhUma avazya hI hogA', kyoMki agnike aMgAroMmeM dhuMA nahIM pAyA jaataa| 1. parIkSAmukha 3 / 46 / 2. parIkSAmukha 389-93 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 'vyApaka 'tadatat' arthAt hetuke sadbhAva aura hetuke abhAva, donoM sthaloMmeM milatA hai jaba ki vyApya kevala taniSTha arthAt sAdhyake hone para hI hotA hai, abhAvameM kadApi nhiiN| ataH sAdhya vyApaka hai aura sAdhana vyApya / vyApti vyApya aura vyApaka domeM rahatI hai / ataH jaba vyApakake dharmarUpase vyAptiko vivakSA hotI hai taba usakA kathana 'vyApakakA vyApyake hone para honA hI, na honA kabhI nahIM' isa rUpameM hotA hai aura jaba vyApyake dharmarUpase vivakSita hoto hai taba 'vyApyakA vyApakake hone para hI honA, abhAvameM kabhI nahIM honA' isa rUpameM varNana hotA hai| vyApaka gamya hotA hai aura vyApya gamaka; kyoMki vyApyake hone para vyApakakA pAyA jAnA nizcita hai, parantu vyApakake hone para vyApyakA avazya hI honA nizcita nahIM hai, vaha ho bhI aura na bho ho / vyApaka adhikadezavartI hotA hai jaba ki vyApya alpkssetrvaalaa| yaha vyavasthA anvayavyAptiko hai| vyatirekavyAptimeM sAdhyAbhAva vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhanAbhAva vyApaka / jahA~-jahA~ sAdhyakA abhAva hogA vahA~-vahAM sAdhanakA abhAva avazya hogA arthAt sAdhyAbhAvako sAdhanAbhAvane vyApta kiyA hai / para jahA~ sAdhanAbhAva hogA vahA~ sAdhyake abhAvakA koI niyama nahIM hai; kyoMki nirdhUma sthalameM bhI agni pAI jAtI hai| ataH vyatirekavyAptimeM sAdhyAbhAva vyApya arthAt gamaka hotA hai aura sAdhanAbhAva vyApaka arthAt gamya / 1. 'vyAptiApakasya tatra bhAva eva, vyApyasya ca tatraiva bhAvaH / ' -pramANavA0 svavR0 31 / 2. 'vyApakaM tadataniSThaM vyApyaM tanniSThameva ca / '
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________________ 336 jainadarzana akasmAt dhUmadarzanase honevAlA agnijJAna pratyakSa nahIM : A0 prajJAkara' akasmAt dhuA~ ko dekhakara hone vAle agnike jJAnako anumAna na mAnakara pratyakSa hI mAnate haiM / unakA vicAra hai ki jaba agni aura dhUmakI vyApti pahale grahaNa nahIM kI gaI hai, taba agRhItavyAptika puruSako honevAlA agnijJAna anumAnakI koTimeM nahIM AnA cAhiye / kintu jaba pratyakSakA indriya aura padArtha ke sambandhase utpanna honA nizcita hai, taba jo agni parokSa hai aura jisake sAtha hamArI indriyoMkA koI sambandha nahIM hai, usa agnikA jJAna pratyakSako maryAdAmeM kaise A sakatA hai ? yaha ThIka hai ki vyaktine 'jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai, agnike abhAvameM dhUma kabhI nahIM hotA' isa prakAra spaSTarUpase vyAptikA nizcaya nahIM kiyA hai kintu aneka bAra agni aura dhUmako dekhaneke bAda usake manameM agni aura dhUmake sambandhake sUkSma saMskAra avazya the aura ve hI sUkSma saMskAra acAnaka dhuA~ko dekhakara udbuddha hote hai aura agnikA jJAna karA dete hai / yahA~ dhUmakA hI to pratyakSa hai, agni to sAmane hai hI nahIM / ataH isa parokSa agnijJAnako sAmAnyatayA zrutameM sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isameM eka arthase arthAntarakA jJAna kiyA gayA hai / ise anumAna kahane meM bhI koI vizeSa bAdhA nahIM hai, kyoMki vyApti ke sUkSma saMskAra usake manapara aMkita the hii| phira yaha jJAna avizada hai, ataH pratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / arthApatti anumAnameM antarbhUta hai : mImAMsaka arthApattiko pRthak pramANa mAnate hai / kisI dRSTa yA zruta 1. 'atyantAbhyAsatastasya jhaTityeva tadarthadRk / akasmAd dhUmato vahnipratItiriva dehinAm // ' 2. mo0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 1 / - pramANavAtiMkAla0 2 / 139 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 337 padArthase vaha jisake binA nahIM hotA usa avinAbhAvI adRSTa arthakI kalpanA karanA arthApatti hai / isase atIndriya zakti Adi padArthokA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha chaha prakArakI hai (1) pratyakSapUrvikA arthApatti-pratyakSase jJAta dAhake dvArA agnimeM dahanazaktikI kalpanA krnaa| zakti pratyakSase nahI jAnI jA sakatI; kyoMki vaha atIndriya hai| (2) anumAnapUrvikA arthApatti-eka dezase dUsare dezako prApta honArUpa hetuse sUryame gatikA anumAna karake phira usa gatise sUryame gamanazaktikI kalpanA krnaa| (3) zrutArthApatti-'devadatta dinako nahIM khAtA, phira bhI moTA hai' isa vAkyako sunakara usake rAtribhojanakA jJAna karanA / (4) upamAnArthApatti-gavayase upamita gaumeM usa jJAnake viSaya honekI zaktiko kalpanA krnaa| (5) arthApattipUrvikA arthApatti-'zabda vAcakazaktiyukta hai, anyathA usase arthapratIti nahI ho sktii| isa arthApattise siddha vAcakazaktise zabdameM nityatva siddha karanA arthAt 'zabda nitya hai, vAcakazakti anyathA nahI ho sakatI' yaha pratIti krnaa| (6) abhAvapavikA arthApatti-abhAva pramANake dvArA jIvita caitrakA gharameM abhAva jAnakara usake bAhara honekI kalpanA krnaa| ina arthApattiyoMmeM avinAbhAva usI samaya gRhIta hotA hai / liMgakA avinAbhAva dRSTAntameM pahalese hI nizcita kara liyA jAtA hai jaba ki 1. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 shlo03|| 2. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 3 / 3. mI0 zlo. arthA0 zlo0 51 / 4. mo0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 4 / 5. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 5-8 / 6. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 9 / 7. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 30 / 22
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________________ 338 jainadarzana arthApattimeM pakSa meM hI turanta avinAbhAvakA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| anumAnameM hetukA pakSadharmatva Avazyaka hai jaba ki arthApattimeM pakSadharma Avazyaka nahIM mAnA jAtA / jaise 'UparakI ora meghavRSTi huI hai, nIce nadIkA pUra anyathA nahIM A sakatA' yahA~ nIce nadIpUrako dekhakara turanta hI uparivRSTikI jo kalpanA hotI hai usameM na to pakSadharma hai aura na pahalese kisI sapakSameM vyApti hI grahaNa kI gaI hai| parantu itane mAtrase apattiko anumAnase bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| avinAbhAvI eka arthase dUsare padArthakA jJAna karanA jaise anumAnameM hai vaise arthApattimeM bhI hai| hama pahale batA cuke haiM ki pakSadharmatva anumAnakA koI Avazyaka aMga nahIM hai| kRttikodaya Adi hetu pakSadharmarahita hokara bhI sacce hai aura mitrAtanayatva Adi hetvAbhAsa pakSadharmatvake rahane para bhI gamaka nahIM hote| isI taraha sapakSameM pahalese vyAptiko grahaNa karanA itanI bar3I vizeSatA nahIM hai ki isake AdhArapara donoMko pathaka pramANa mAnA jAya / aura sabhI anumAnoMmeM sapakSameM vyApti grahaNa karanA Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai| vyApti pahale gRhIta ho yA tatkAla; isase anumAnameM koI antara nahIM aataa| ataH arthApattikA anumAnameM antarbhAva ho jaataa| saMbhava svatantra pramANa nahIM: isI taraha sambhava pramANa yadi avinAbhAvamUlaka hai to vaha anumAnameM hI antarbhUta ho jAtA hai| serameM chaTA~kakI sambhAvanA eka nizcita avinAbhAvI mApake niyamoMse sambandha rakhatI hai| yadi vaha avinAbhAvake binA hI hotA hai to use pramANa hI nahIM kaha sakate / abhAva svatantra pramANa nahIM : mImAMsaka abhAvako svatantra pramANa mAnate hai| unakA kahanA hai ki
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 339 1 bhAvarUpa prameyake liye jaise bhAvAtmaka pramANa hotA hai usI taraha abhAvarUpa prameyake liye abhAvarUpa pramANakI hI AvazyakatA hai / vastu sat aura asat ubhayarUpa hai / inameM indriya Adike dvArA sadaMzakA grahaNa ho jAne para bhI asadaMzake jJAna ke liye abhAvapramANa apekSita hotA hai / jisa padArthakA niSedha karanA hai usakA smaraNa, jahA~ niSedha karanA hai usakA grahaNa hone para manase hI jo 'nAsti' jJAna hotA hai vaha abhAva hai / jisa vasturUpameM sadbhAvake grAhaka pAMca pramANoMkI pravRtti nahIM hotI usameM abhAva bodhake liye abhAvapramANa pravRtti karatA hai / abhAva yadi na mAnA jAya to prAgabhAvAdimUlaka samasta vyavahAra naSTa ho jAyage / vastukI paraspara pratiniyata rUpameM sthiti abhAvake adhIna hai dUdhameM dahIkA abhAva prAgabhAva hai| dahImeM dUdhakA abhAva pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / ghaTameM paTakA abhAva anyonyAbhAva yA itaretarAbhAva hai aura kharaviSANakA abhAva atyantAbhAva hai / 5 kintu vastu ubhayAtmaka hai, isameM vivAda nahIM hai, para abhAvAMza bhI vastukA dharma honese yathAsaMbhava pratyakSa, pratyabhijJAna aura anumAna Adi pramANoMse hI gRhIta ho jAtA hai / bhUtala aura ghaTako 'saghaTaM bhUtalam' 1. 'meyo yadvadabhAvo hi mAnamapyevamiSyatAm / bhAvAtmake yathA meye nAbhAvasya pramANatA // tathaivAbhAvameye'pi na bhAvasya pramANatA / " - mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 45-46 / 2. mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 12-14 / 3. gRhItvA vastusadbhAvaM smRtvA ca pratiyoginam / mAnasaM nAstitAjJAnaM jAyate acAnapekSayA / ' 4. mo0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 1 / 6. mI0 zlo0 abhA0 zlo0 2-4 / -mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 27 / 5. mo0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 7 /
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________________ 340 jainadarzana isa eka pratyakSane jAnA thaa| pIche zuddha bhUtalako jAnanevAlA pratyakSa hI ghaTAbhAvako grahaNa kara letA hai, kyoMki ghaTAbhAva zuddhabhUtalAdi rUpa hI to hai / athavA 'yaha vahI bhUtala hai jo pahale ghaTasahita thA' isa prakArakA pratyabhijJAna bhI abhAvako grahaNa kara sakatA hai / anu mAnake prakaraNameM upalabdhi aura anupalabdhirUpa aneka hetuoMke udAharaNa diye gaye haiM jo abhAvoMke grAhaka hote hai| yaha koI niyama nahIM hai ki bhAvAtmaka prameyake lie bhAvarUpa pramANa aura abhAvAtmaka prameyake lie abhAvAtmaka pramANa hI mAnA jAya; kyoMki ur3ate hue pattoMke nIce na girane rUpa abhAvase AkAzameM vAyukA sadbhAva jAnA jAtA hai aura zuddhabhUtalagrAhI pratyakSase ghaTAbhAvakA bodha to prasiddha hI hai| prAgabhAvAdike svarUpase to inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, para ve vasturUpa hI hai| ghaTakA prAgabhAva mRtpiDako chor3akara anya nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| 'abhAva bhAvAntararUpa hotA hai, yaha anubhava siddha siddhAnta hai| ataH jaba pratyakSa, pratyabhijJAna aura anumAna Adi pramANoMke dvArA hI usakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai taba svatantra abhAvapramANa mAnanekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jaatii| kathA-vicAra: parArthAnumAnake prasaMgameM kathAkA apanA vizeSa sthAna hai| pakSa aura pratipakSa grahaNa kara vAdI aura prativAdImeM jo vacana-vyavahAra svamatake sthApana paryanta calatA hai use kathA kahate hai / nyAya-paramparAmeM kathAke tIna bheda mAne gaye haiM-1 vAda, 2 jalpa aura 3 vitnnddaa| tattvake jijJAsuoM kI kathAko yA vItarAgakathAko vAda kahA jAtA hai| jaya-parAjayake icchu 1. 'bhAvAntaravinimukto bhAvo'trAnupalambhavat / abhAvaH sammatastasya hetoH kinna samudbhavaH ? // ' -uddhRta, prameyaka0 pR0 160 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 341 ka vijigISuoMkI kathA jalpa aura vitaNDA hai / donoM kathAoMmeM pakSa aura pratipakSakA parigraha Avazyaka hai / 'vAdameM pramANa aura tarkake dvArA svapakSa sAdhana aura parapakSa dUSaNa kiye jAte haiN| isameM siddhAntase aviruddha paJcAara arrest prayoga anivArya honese nyUna, adhika, apasiddhAnta aura pA~ca hetvAbhAsa ina ATha nigrahasthAnoMkA prayoga ucita mAnA gayA hai / anya chala, jAti AdikA prayoga isa vAdakathAmeM varjita hai / isakA uddezya tattvanirNaya karanA hai / jalpa aura vitaNDAmeM chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna jaise asat upAyoMkA avalambana lenA bhI nyAyya mAnA gayA hai / inakA uddezya tattvasaMrakSaNa karanA hai aura tattvakI saMrakSA kisI bhI upAyase karanemeM inheM Apatti nahIM hai / nyAyasUtra ( 4 / 2 / 50 ) meM spaSTa likhA hai ki jisa taraha aMkurakI rakSAke lie kA~ToMkI bArI lagAyI jAtI hai, usI taraha tattvasaMrakSaNa ke liye jalpa aura vitaNDAmeM kA~Teke samAna chala, jAti adi asat upAyoMkA avalambana lenA bhI anucita nahIM hai / janatA mUr3ha aura gatAnugatika hotI hai / vaha duSTa vAdIke dvArA ThagI jAkara kumArgameM na calI jAya, isa mArga saMrakSaNake uddezyase kAruNika munine chala Adi jaise asat upAyoMkA bhI upadeza diyA hai / 3 vitaNDA kathA meM vAdI apane pakSake sthApanakI cintA na karake kevala prativAdI ke pakSa meM dUpaNa -hI-dUpaNa dekara usakA mu~ha banda kara detA hai, jaba ki jalpa kathAmeM parapakSa khaNDanake sAtha-hI-sAtha svapakSa- sthApana bhI Avazyaka hotA hai / isa taraha svamata saMrakSaNake uddezya se ekabAra chala, jAti jaise asat upAyoMke avalambanakI chUTa honepara tattvanirNaya gauNa ho gayA; aura 2. nyAyamU0 11222, 3 / 1. nyAyasU0 112 / 1 / 3. " gatAnugatiko lokaH kumArga tatpratAritaH / mAgAditi chalAdIni prAha kAruNiko muniH // " - nyAyamaM0 pR0 11 /
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________________ 342 jainadarzana zAstrArthake lie aisI navIna bhApAkI sRSTi kI gaI, jisake zabdajAlameM prativAdI itanA ulajha jAya ki vaha apanA pakSa hI siddha na kara ske| isI bhUmikApara kevala vyApti, hetvAbhAsa Adi anumAnake avayavoMpara sAre navyanyAyako sRSTi huii| jinakA bhItarI uddezya tattvanirNayakI apekSA tattvasaMrakSaNa hI vizeSa mAlUma hotA hai ! carakake vimAnasthAnameM saMdhAyasaMbhASA aura vigRhya-sambhASA ye do bheda ukta vAda aura jalpa vitaNDAke arthameM hI Aye haiM / yadyapi naiyAyikane chala Adiko asad uttara mAnA hai aura sAdhAraNa avasthAmeM usakA niSedha bhI kiyA hai, parantu kisI bhI prayojanase jaba eka bAra chala Adi ghusa gaye to phira jaya-parAjayake kSetrameM unhIMkA rAjya ho gyaa| bauddha paramparAke prAcIna upAyahRdaya aura tarkazAstra AdimeM chalAdike prayogakA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai, kintu AcArya dharmakItine ise satya aura ahiMsAkI dRSTise ucita na samajhakara apane vAdanyAya granthameM unakA prayoga sarvathA amAnya aura anyAyya ThaharAyA hai / isakA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki bauddha paramparAmeM dharmarakSAke sAtha saMgharakSAkA bhI pramukha sthAna hai / unake 'trizaraNameM buddha aura dharmako zaraNa jAneke sAtha hI sAtha saMghake zaraNameM bhI jAnekI pratijJA ko jAtI hai| jaba ki jaina paramparAmeM saMghazaraNakA koI sthAna nahIM hai| inake catuHzaraNameM arhanta, siddha, sAdhu aura dharmakI zaraNako hI prApta honA batAyA hai| isakA spaSTa artha hai ki saMgharakSA aura saMghaprabhAvanAke uddezyase bhI chalAdi asad upAyoMkA avalambana karanA jo prAcIna bauddha tarkagranthoMmeM ghusa gayA 1. "buddhaM saraNaM gacchAmi, dhamma saraNaM gacchAmi, saMgha saraNaM gacchAmi / " 2. "cattAri saraNaM pavvajjAmi,arahaMte saraNaM pavvajjAmi, siddhe saraNaM pavvajjAmi, sAhU saraNaM pavvajAmi, kevalipaNNattaM dhamma saraNaM pavvajjAmi / " -cattAri dNddk|
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 343 usameM satya aura ahiMsAko dharmadRSTi kucha gauNa to avazya ho gayI hai / dharmakIrtine ima asaMgatiko samajhA aura hara hAlata meM chala, jAti Adi asat prayogoMko varjanIya hI batAyA hai / sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanoMkI bhI pavitratA : jaina tArkika pahale se hI satya aura ahiMsArUpa dharmako rakSAke lie prANoMkI bAjI lagAneko sadA prastuta rahe hai / unake gaMyama aura tyAgakI paramparA sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanoMko pavitratApara bhI prathamase hI bhAra detI AyI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzanake prAcIna granthoMmeM kahIMpara bhI kisI bhI rUpa meM chalAdike prayogakA ApavAdika samarthana bhI nahIM dekhA jAtA / isake eka hI apavAda hai, zvetAmbara paramparAke aThArahavIM sadI ke AcArya yazovijaya / jinhoMne vAdadvAtriMzatikA meM prAcIna bauddha tArkikoM kI taraha zAsana prabhAvanA ke mohameM par3akara amuka dezAdimeM ApavAdika chalAdike prayogako bhI ucita mAna liyA hai| isakA kAraNa bhI digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAkI mUla prakRti meM digambara nirgrantha paramparA apanI kaThora tapasyA, tyAga mUlabhUta aparigraha aura ahiMsArUpI dharmastambhoMme kisI bhI prakArakA apavAda kisI bhI uddezyase svIkAra karane ko taiyAra nahIM rahI, jaba ki zvetAmbara paramparA bauddhoMkI taraha lokasaMgrahakI ora bhI jhuko / cU~ki lokasaMgrahake liye rAjasamparka, vAda aura mataprabhAvanA Adi karanA Avazyaka the isIliye vyaktigata cAritrako kaThoratA bhI kucha mRdutA pariNata huI / siddhAntakI tanika bhI DhilAI pAnIkI taraha apanA rAstA banAtI hI jAtI hai / digambaraparamparAke kisI bhI tarkagrantha meM samAyA huA hai / aura vairAgyake 1. " ayameva vidheyastattattvajJena tapasvinA / dezAdyapekSayA'nyopi vijJAya gurulAghavam // " - dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzatikA 86 /
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________________ 344 jainadarzana chalAdike prayogake ApavAdika aucityakA nahIM mAnanA aura ina asad upAyoMke sarvathA parivarjanakA vidhAna, unakI siddhAnta-sthiratAkA ho pratiphala hai / akalaMkadevane isI satya aura ahiMsAkI dRSTise hI chalAdirUpa asad uttaroMke prayogako sarvathA anyAyya aura parivarjanIya mAnA hai | ataH unakI dRSTise vAda aura jalpameM koI bheda nahIM raha jAtA / isalie ve saMkSepameM samarthavacanako vAda kahakara bhI kahIM vAdake sthAna meM jalpa zabdakA bhI prayoga kara dete haiM / unane batalAyA hai ki madhyasthoMke samakSa vAdI aura prativAdiyoMke svapakSasAdhana aura parapakSadUSaNarUpa vacanako vAda kahate haiM / vitaNDA 'vAdAbhAsa hai, jisameM vAdI apanA pakSasthApana nahIM karake mAtra khaNDana- -hI-khaNDana karatA hai, jo sarvathA tyAjya hai / nyAyadIpikA ( pR0 76 ) tattvanirNaya yA tattvajJAnake vizuddha prayojanase jayaparAjayako bhAvanAse rahita guru-ziSya yA vItarAgI vidvAnoMmeM tattvanirNaya taka calanevAle vacanavyavahArako vItarAga kathA kahA hai, aura vAdI tathA prativAdImeM svamata - sthApana ke lie jayaparAjayaparyanta calanevAle vacanavyavahArako vijigISu kathA kahA hai / 5 4 vItarAga kathA sabhApati aura sabhyoMke abhAva meM bhI cala sakatI hai, aura jaba ki vijigISu kathAmeM vAdI aura prativAdIke sAtha sabhya aura sabhApatikA honA bhI Avazyaka hai / sabhApatike binA jaya aura parAjaya 1. dekhA, siddhivinizcaya, jalpasiddhi ( 5 vA~ pariccheda ) / "samarthavacanaM vAda :" - pramANasaM 0 zlo0 51 / 3. "samarthavacanaM jalpaM caturaGgaM vidurbudhAH / pakSanirNayaparyantaM phalaM mArgaprabhAvanA // " - siddhivi0, 5|2 | 4. " tadAbhAso vitaNDAdirabhyupetAvyavasthiteH / "-- nyAyavi0 2 / 384 / 5. "yathoktopapannaH chalajAtinigrahasthAnasAdhAnopAlambho jalpaH / sa pratipakSasthApanAhIno vitaNDA / " nyAyasU0 1 / 2 / 2-3 |
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 345 kA nirNaya kauna degA? aura ubhayapakSavedI sabhyoMke binA svamatonmatta vAdiprativAdiyoMko sabhApatike anuzAsanameM rakhanekA kArya kauna karegA ? ataH vAda caturaMga hotA hai| jaya-parAjayavyavasthA : naiyAyikoMne jaba jalpa aura vitaNDAmeM chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAnakA prayoga svIkAra kara liyA, taba unhIMke AdhArapara jayaparAjayakI vyavasthA bnii| inhoMne pratijJAhAni Adi bAIsa nigrahasthAna mAne hai / sAmAnyase 'vipratipatti-viruddha yA asambaddha kahanA aura apratipatti-pakSasthApana nahIM karanA, prativAdIke dvArA sthApitakA pratiSedha nahIM karanA tathA pratipiddha svapakSakA uddhAra nahIM karanA' ye do hI nigrahasthAna'parAjayasthAna hote hai| inhIMke vizeSa bheda pratijJAhAni Adi bAIsa hai| jinameM batAyA hai ki yadi koI vAdI apanI pratijJAkI hAni karade, dUsarA hetu bolade, asambaddha pada, vAkya yA varNa bole, isa taraha bole jisase tIna bAra kahane para bhI prativAdo aura paripada na samajha sake, hetu, dRSTAnta AdikA krama bhaMga ho jAya, avayava nyUna yA adhika kahe jA~ya, punarukti ho, prativAdI vAdIke dvArA kahe gaye pakSakA anuvAda na kara sake, uttara na de sake, dUpaNako ardha svIkAra karake khaNDana kare, nigrahayogyake lie nigrahasthAnakA udbhAvana na kara sake, jo nigrahayogya nahIM hai, use nigrahasthAna batAve, siddhAntaviruddha bole, hetvAbhAsoMkA prayoga kare to nigrahasthAna arthAt parAjaya hogii| ye zAstrArthake kAnUna hai, jinakA thor3A-sA bhI bhaMga hone para satyasAdhanavAdIke hAthameM bhI parAjaya A sakatI hai aura duSTa sAdhanavAdI ina anuzAsanake niyamoMko pAlakara jayalAbha bhI kara sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha ki yahA~ zAstrArthake niyamoMkA 1. "vipratipattirapatipattizca nigrahasthAnam |"-nyaaym0 1 / 2 / 19 / 2.nyAyasU0 5 / 2 / 1 /
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________________ 346 jainadarzana bArIkIse pAlana karane aura na karanekA pradarzana hI jaya aura parAjayakA AdhAra huA; svapakSasiddhi yA parapakSadUSaNa jaise maulika kartavya nahIM / isameM isa bAtakA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki paJcAvayavavAle anumAnaprayogameM kucha kamI-besI aura kramabhaMga yadi hotA hai to use parAjayakA kAraNa honA hI caahie| dharmakIti AcAryane ina chala, jAti aura nigrahasthanoMke AdhArase hone vAlo jaya-parAjaya-vyavasthAkA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki jayaparAjayako vyavasthAko isa prakAra ghuTAlemeM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| kisI bhI sacce sAdhanavAdIkA mAtra isalie nigraha honA ki 'vaha kucha adhika bola gayA yA kama bola gayA yA usane amuka kAyadekA vAkAyadA pAlana nahIM kiyA' satya, ahiMsA aura nyAyako dRSTise ucita nahIM hai / ataH vAdo aura prativAdIke lie kramazaH asAdhAnAMgavacana aura adoSodbhAvana ye do hI nigrahasthAna' mAnanA cAhiye / vAdIkA kartavya hai ki vaha nirdoSa aura pUrNa sAdhana bole, aura prativAdIkA kArya hai ki vaha yathArtha dopoMkA udbhAvana kare / yadi vAdI saccA sAdhana nahIM bolatA yA jo sAdhanake aMga nahIM hai aise vacana kahatA hai yAnI sAdhanAMgakA avacana yA asAdhanAMgakA vacana karatA hai to usakI asAdhanAMga vacana honese parAjaya hogii| isI taraha prativAdI yadi yathArtha doSoMkA udbhAvana na kara sake yA jo vastutaH doSa nahIM haiM unheM doSako jagaha bole to doSAnubhAvana aura adoSodbhAvana honese usakI parAjaya avazyaMbhAvI hai| isa taraha sAmanyalakSaNa karanepara bhI dharmakIrti phira usI ghapalemeM par3a gaye hai| unhoMne asAdhanAMga vacana aura adoSodbhAvanake vividha 1. "asAdhanAGgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvyoH| nigrahasthAnamanyattu na yuktamiti neSyate ||"-vaadnyaay pR0 1 / 2. dekho, vAdanyAya, prathamaprakaraNa /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 347 vyAkhyAna karake kahA hai ki anvaya yA vyatireka kisI eka dRSTAntase hI sAdhyako siddhi jaba saMbhava hai taba donoM dRSTAntoMkA prayoga karanA asAdhanAGgavacana hogaa| trirUpa hetukA vacana sAdhanAga hai| usakA kathana na karanA asAdhanAMga hai| pratijJA, nigamana Adi sAdhanake aMga nahIM hai, unakA kathana asAdhanAMga hai| isI taraha unane adopodbhAvanake bhI vividha vyAkhyAna kiye hai| yAnI kucha kama volanA yA adhika bolanA, inakI dRSTimeM bhI aparAdha hai| yaha saba likhakara bhI antameM unane sUcita kiyA hai ki svapakSa-siddhi aura parapakSa-nirAkaraNa hI jaya-parAjayakI vyavasthAke AdhAra honA cAhiye / AcArya akalaMkadeva amAdhanAMga vacana tathA adopodbhAvanake jhagar3eko bhI pasaMda nahIM karate / 'trirUpako sAdhanAMga mAnA jAya, paMcarUpako nahIM, kisako dopa mAnA jAya, kisako nahIM' yaha nirNaya svayaM eka zAstrArthakA viSaya ho jAtA hai| zAstrArtha jaba vauddha, naiyAyika aura jainoMke bIca calate hai, jo kramazaH trirUpavAdI, paMcarUpavAdI aura ekarUpavAdI hai taba harAeka dUsareko apekSA asAdhanAMgavAdI ho jAtA hai / aisI avasthAmeM zAstrArthake niyama svayaM hI zAstrArthake viSaya bana jAte hai / ataH unhoMne batAyA ki vAdIkA kAma hai ki vaha avinAbhAvI sAdhanase svapakSakI siddhi kare aura para pakSakA nirAkaraNa kare / prativAdIkA kArya hai ki vaha vAdIke sthApita pakSa meM yathArtha dUSaNa de aura apane pakSakI siddhi bhI kre| isa taraha svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSakA nirAkaraNa hI binA kisI lAgalapeTake jaya aura parAjayake AdhAra hone cAhiye / isImeM satya, ahiMsA aura nyAyakI surkssaahai| svapakSakI siddhi karanevAlA yadi kucha adhika bhI bola jAya to bhI koI hAni nahIM hai / "svapakSaM prasAdhya nRtyato'pi doSAbhAvAt , 1. "taduktam-svapakSasiddhirekasya nigraho'nyasya vAdinaH / nAsAdhanAGgavacanaM nAdoSodbhAvanaM dvayoH ||"-uddhRt aSTasaha0 pR0 87 /
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________________ 348 jainadarzana lokavat" arthAt apane pakSako siddha karake yadi koI nAcatA bhI hai to bhI koI doSa nahIM hai / karatA hai to kyoMki vAdI prativAdI yadi sIdhe 'viruddha hetvAbhAsakA udbhAvana use svatantra rUpase pakSakI siddhi karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai; ke hetuko viruddha kahanese prativAdIkA pakSa svataH siddha ho jAtA hai / asiddhAdi hetvAbhAsoMke udbhAvana karanepara to prativAdIko apane pakSakI siddhi karanA bhI anivArya hai | svapakSakI siddhi nahIM karanevAlA zAstrArtha ke niyamoM ke anusAra calanepara bhI kisI bhI hAlata meM jayakA bhAgI nahIM ho sakatA / isakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki naiyAyikake matase chala AdikA prayoga karake apane pakSa kI siddhi kiye binA hI sacce sAdhana bolane vAle bhI vAdIko prativAdI jIta sakatA hai / bauddha paramparA meM chalAdikA prayoga varNya hai, phira bhI yadi vAdI asAdhanAMgavacana aura prativAdI adoSodbhAvana karatA hai to unakA parAjaya hotA hai / vAdIko asAdhanAMgavacanase parAjaya taba hogA jaba prativAdI yaha batAde ki vAdIne asAdhanAMgavacana kiyA hai / isa asAdhanAMgavacana meM jisa viSayako lekara zAstrArtha calA hai, usase asambaddha bAtoMkA kathana aura nATaka Adiko ghoSaNA Adi bhI le liye gaye hai / eka sthala aisA bhI A sakatA hai, jahA~ duSTasAdhana bolakara bhI vAdI parAjita nahIM hogA / jaise vAdIne duSTa sAdhanakA prayoga kiyA / prativAdIne yathArtha dopakA udbhAvana na karake anya doSAbhAsoMkA udbhAvana kiyA, phira vAdIne prativAdIke dvArA diye gaye doSAbhAsoMkA parihAra kara diyA / aisI avasthA meM prativAdI dopAbhAsakA udbhAvana karaneke "akalaGko'pyabhyadhAt -- viruddhaM hetumudbhAvya vAdinaM jayatItaraH / AbhAsAntaramudbhAvya pakSasiddhimapekSate // " - ta0 zlo0 pR0 280 / ratnAkarAvatArikA pR0 1141 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 349 kAraNa parAjita ho jaaygaa| yadyapi duSTa sAdhana bolanese vAdIko jaya nahIM milegA, kintu vaha parAjita bhI nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isI taraha eka sthala aisA hai jahA~ vAdo nirdoSa sAdhana bolatA hai, prativAdI kucha aMTasaMTa dUSaNoMko kahakara dUSaNAbhAsakA udbhAvana karatA hai / vAdI prativAdIkI dUSaNAbhAsatA nahIM batAtA / aisI dazAme kisIko jaya yA parAjaya na hogii| prathama sthalameM akalaMkadeva svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSanirAkaraNamUlaka jaya aura parAjayako vyavasthAke AdhArase yaha kahate hai ki yadi prativAdIko dUpaNAbhAsa kahaneke kAraNa parAjaya milatI hai to vAdIkI bhI sAdhanAbhAsa kahaneke kAraNa parAjaya honI cAhiye, kyoMki yahA~ vAdI svapakSasiddhi nahIM kara sakA hai| akalaMkadevake matase ekakA svapakSA siddha karanA hI dUsareke padAkI asiddhi hai / ataH jayakA mUla AdhAra svapakSAsiddhi hai aura parAjayakA mUla kAraNa pakSakA nirAkRta honA hai / tAtparya yaha ki jaba 'ekake jayameM dUsarekI parAjaya avazyaMbhAvI hai' aisA niyama hai taba svapakSasiddhi aura para pakSanirAkRti hI jaya-parAjayake AdhAra mAne jAne cAhiye / bauddha vacanAdhikya Adiko bhI dUSaNoMmeM zAmila karake ulajha jAte haiN| sIdhI bAta hai ki paraspara do virodhI pakSoMko lekara calanevAle vAdameM jo bhI apanA pakSa siddha karegA, vaha jayalAbha karegA aura arthAt hI dUsarekA, pakSakA nirAkaraNa honeke kAraNa parAjaya hogaa| yadi koI bhI apanI pakSasiddhi nahIM kara pAtA hai aura eka-vAdI yA prativAdo vacanAdhikya kara jAtA hai to itane mAtrase usakI parAjaya nahIM honI cAhie / yA to donoMkI hI parAjaya ho yA donoMko ho jayAbhAva rhe| ataH svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSa-nirAkaraNamalaka hI jayaparAjayavyavasthA satya aura ahiMsAke AdhArase nyAyya hai| choTe-moTe vacanAdhikya Adike kAraNa nyAyatulAko nahIM Digane denA cAhiye / vAdI sacce sAdhana bolakara apane pakSako siddhi karaneke bAda vacanAdhikya aura nATakAdikI ghoSaNA
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________________ 350 jainadarzana bhI kare, to bhI vaha jayI hI hogaa| isI taraha prativAdI vAdIke pakSameM yathArtha dUSaNa dekara yadi apane pakSa kI siddhi kara letA hai, to vaha bhI vacanAdhikya karaneke kAraNa parAjita nahIM ho sakatA / isa vyavasthAmeM eka sAtha donoMko jaya yA parAjayakA prasaMga nahIM A sktaa| ekakI svapakSasiddhi meM dUsareke pakSakA nirAkaraNa gabhita hai hI, kyoMki pratipakSakI asiddhi batAye binA svapakSakI siddhi paripUrNa nahIM hotii| pakSake jJAna aura ajJAnase jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA mAnanepara to pakSapratipakSakA parigraha karanA hI vyartha ho jAtA hai; kyoMki kisI eka hI pakSameM vAdI aura prativAdIke jJAna aura ajJAnakI jA~ca kI jA sakatI hai| patra-vAkya : likhita zAstrArthame vAdI aura prativAdI paraspara jina lekha-pratilekhoMkA AdAna-pradAna karate hai, unheM patra kahate hai| apane pakSako siddhi karanevAle nirdoSa aura gUr3ha pada jisameM hoM, jo prasiddha avayavavAlA ho tathA nirdoSa ho vaha patra hai| patravAkyameM pratijJA aura hetu ye do avayava hI paryApta hai, itane mAtrase vyutpannako arthapratIti ho jAtI hai| avyutpanna zrotAoMkI apekSA tIna avayava, cAra avayava aura pAMca avayavoMvAlA bhI patravAkya ho sakatA hai| patravAkyameM prakRti aura pratyayoMko gupta rakhakara use atyanta gUr3ha banAyA jAtA hai, jisase prativAdI sahaja hI usakA bhedana na kara sake / jaise-'vizvam anekAntAtmakaM prameyatvAt' isa anumAnavAkyake liye yaha gUr3ha patra prastuta kiyA jAtA hai "svAntabhAsitabhUtyAdyayantAtmatadubhAntavAk / parAntadyotitohIptamitIta svaatmktvtH||" prameyaka0 pR0 685 // 1. 'prasiddhAvayavaM sveSTasyArthasya sAdhakam / sAdhu gUDhapadaprAya patramAhuranAkulam ||'-ptrp0 pR0 1 /
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________________ anumAnapramANamImAMsA 351 jaba koI vAdI patra detA hai aura prativAdI usake arthako samajhakara khaNDana karatA hai, usa samaya yadi vAdI yaha kahe ki 'yaha mere patrakA artha nahIM hai'; taba usase pUchanA cAhie ki 'jo Apake maname hai vaha isakA artha hai ? yA jo isa vAkyarUpa patrase pratIta hotA hai vaha hai, yA jo Apake manameM bhI hai aura vAkyase pratIta bhI hotA hai ?' prathama vikalpameM patrakA denA hI nirarthaka hai; kyoMki jo artha Apake manameM maujUda hai usakA jAnanA hI kaThina hai, yaha patravAkya to usakA pratinidhitva nahIM kara sakatA / dvitIya vikalpa hI ucita mAlUma par3atA hai ki prakRti, pratyaya Adike vibhAgase jo artha usa patravAkyase pratIta hotA ho, usIkA sAdhana aura dUSaNa zAstrArthameM honA caahiye| isameM prakaraNa Adise jitane bhI artha sambhava hoM ve saba usa patravAkyake artha mAne jaayge| isameM vAdIke dvArA iSTa honekI zarta nahIM lagAI jA sakatI; kyoMki jaba zabda pramANa hai taba usase pratIta honevAle samasta artha svIkAra kiye hI jAne cAhiye / tIsare vikalpame vivAdakA prazna itanA hI raha jAtA hai ki koI artha zabdase pratIta huA aura vahI vAdIke manameM bhI thA, phira bhI yadi durAgrahavaza vAdI yaha kahaneko utArU ho jAya ki 'yaha merA artha hI nahIM hai', to usa samaya koI niyantraNa nahIM rakhA jA skegaa| ataH isakA ekamAtra sIdhA mArga hai ki jo prasiddhike anusAra una zabdoMse pratIta ho, vahI artha mAnA jaay| yadyapi vAkya zrotra-indriyake dvArA sune jAnevAle padoMke samudAyarUpa hote hai aura patra hotA hai eka kAgajakA likhita Tukar3A, phira bhI use upacaritopacAra vidhise vAkya kahA jA sakatA hai| yAnI kAnase sunAI denevAle padoMkA sAMketika lipike AkAroM meM upacAra hotA hai aura lipike AkAroMme upacarita vAkyakA kAgaja Adi para likhita patrameM upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| athavA patra-vAkyako 'padoMkA trANa arthAt prativAdIse rakSaNa ho jina vAkyoMke dvArA, use patravAkya kahate haiN| isa
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________________ 352 jainadarzana vyutpattike anusAra mukhyarUpase kAnase sunAI denevAle vAkyako patravAkya kaha sakate haiN| 5. Agama-zruta matijJAnake bAda jisa dUsare jJAnakA parokSarUpase varNana milatA hai, vaha hai zrutajJAna / parokSa pramANameM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna matijJAnakI paryAyeM haiM jo matijJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamase prakaTa hotI haiM / zrutajJAnAvaraNakarmake kSayopazamase jo zruta prakaTa hotA hai, usakA varNana siddhAnta-AgamagranthoMmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI pavitra vANIke rUpameM pAyA jAtA hai| tIrthaGkara jisa arthako apanI divya-dhvanise prakAzita karate hai, usakA dvAdazAMgarUpameM grathana paNadharoMke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai / yaha zruta aMgapraviSTa kahA jAtA hai aura jo zruta anya ArAtIya ziSyapraziSyoMke dvArA racA jAtA hai, vaha aMgabAhya zruta hai| aMga-praviSTa zrutake AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakAdhyayana, aMtakRtadaza, anuttaropapAdikadaza, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra aura dRSTivAda ye bAraha bheda haiM / aMgabAhya zruta kAlika, utkAlika Adike bhedase aneka prakArakA hai| yaha varNana AgamikadRSTise hai / jaina paramparAmeM zrutapramANake nAmase inhIM dvAdazAMga aura dvAdazAMgAnusArI anya zAstroMko Agama yA zrRMtako maryAdAmeM liyA jAtA hai| isake mUlakartA tIrthakara haiM aura uttarakartA unake sAkSAt ziSya gaNadhara tathA uttarottara kartA praziSya Adi AcAryaparamparA hai| isa vyAkhyAse Agama pramANa yA zruta vaidika paramparAke 'zruti' zabdakI taraha amuka granthoM taka hI sImita raha jAtA hai| parantu parokSa Agama pramANase itanA hI artha iSTa nahIM hai, kintu vyavahArameM bhI avisaMvAdI aura avaMcaka Aptake vacanoMko sunakara jo arthabodha hotA hai, vaha bhI Agamako maryAdAmeM AtA hai / isalie akalaMka
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________________ AgamapramANamImAMsA 353 deva' ne AptakA vyApaka artha kiyA hai ki jo jisa viSaya meM avisaMvAsadaka hai vaha usa viSayameM Apta hai / AptatAke lie tadviSayaka jJAna aura usa viSaya meM avisaMvAdakatA yA avacakatAkA honA hI mukhya zarta hai / isalie vyavahArameM honevAle zabdajanya arthabodhako bhI eka hada taka AgamapramANameM sthAna mila jAtA hai / jaise koI kalakattekA pratyakSadraSTA yAtrI Akara kalakattekA varNana kare to una zabdoMko sunakara vaktAko pramANa mAnanevAle zrotAko jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha bhI AgamapramAName zAmila hai / vaizeSika aura bauddha AgamajJAnako bhI anumAna pramANa meM antarbhUta karate hai / parantu zabdazravaNa, saMketasmaraNa Adi sAmagrI se liGgadarzana aura vyAptismaraNake binA hI honevAlA yaha AgamajJAna anumAna meM zAmila nahIM ho sakatA / zruta yA AgamajJAna kevala Aptake zabdoMse hI utpanna nahIM hotA, kintu hAtha ke izAre Adi saMketoMse aura granthako lipiko par3hane Adise bhI hotA hai / inameM saMketasmaraNa hI mukhya prayojaka hai / zrutake tIna bheda : akalaMkadevane pramANasaMgraha me zrutake pratyakSanimittaka, anumAnanimittaka tathA Agamanimittaka ye tIna bheda kiye haiM / paropadezako sahAyatA lekara pratyakSase utpanna honevAlA zruta pratyakSapUrvaka zruta hai, paropadezasahita liMgase utpanna honepAlA zruta anumAnapUrvaka zruta aura kevala paropadezase utpanna honevAlA zruta Agamanimittaka zruta hai / jainatarkavArtikakAra pratyakSapUrvaka zrutako nahIM mAnakara paropadezaja aura liGganimittaka ye do hI zruta mAnate haiM / tAtparya yaha haiM ki jainaparaMparAne AgamapramANameM 1. "yo yatrAvisaMvAdakaH sa tatrAptaH, tataH paro'nAptaH / tattvapratipAdanamavisaMvAdaH, tadarthajJAnAt / " - aSTaza 0, aSTasaha0 pR0 236 / 2. "zrutamavilavaM pratyakSAnumAnAgamanimittam / " - pramANasaM0 pR0 1 / 3. jainatarkavArtika pR0 74 / 23
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________________ 354 jainadarzana mukhmatayA tIrthaGkarakI vANIke AdhArase sAkSAt yA paraMparAse nibaddha granthavizeSoM ko lekara bhI usake vyAvahArika pakSako nahIM chor3A hai / vyavahArame prAmANika vaktA ke zabdako sunakara yA hastasaMketa Adiko dekhakara saMketasmaraNase jo bhI jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha Agama pramANameM zAmila haiM | AgamavAda aura hetuvAdakA kSetra apanA-apanA nizcita hai-- arthAt Agamake bahuta se aMza aise ho sakate hai, jahA~ koI hetu yA yukti nahIM calatI / aise viSayoMme yuktisiddha vacanoMkI ekakartRkatAse yuktyasiddha vacanoM ko bhI pramANa mAna liyA jAtA hai / AgamavAda aura hetuvAda : jaina paramparAne veda apauruSeyatva aura svataH prAmANyako nahIM mAnA hai / usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki koI bhI aisA zabda, jo dharma aura usake niyama- upaniyamoMkA vidhAna karatA ho, vItarAga aura tattvajJa puruSakA AdhAra pAye binA arthabodha nahI karA sakatA / jinakI zabda racanAmeM eka sunizcita krama, bhAvapravaNatA aura vizeSa uddezyako siddhi karanekA prayojana ho, ve veda binA puruSaprayatnake cale Aye, yaha saMbhava nahIM, arthAt apauruSeya nahIM ho sakate / vaise meghagarjana Adi bahuta se zabda aise hote haiM, jinakA koI vizeSa artha yA uddezya nahIM hotA, ve bhale hI apauruSeya hoM; para unase kisI vizeSa prayojanakI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / vedako apaurupeya mAnanekA mukhya prayojana thA -- purupakI zakti aura tattvajJatApara avizvAsa karanA / yadi purUSoMkI buddhiko svatantra vicAra karanekI chUTa dI jAtI hai to kisI atIndriya padArtha ke viSaya meM koI eka nizcita mata nahIM vana sakatA thA / dharma ( yajJa Adi ) isa arthamaM atIndriya hai ki usake anuSThAna karanese jo saMskAra yA apUrva paidA hotA hai; vaha kabhI bhI indriyoMke dvArA grAhya nahIM hotA, aura na usakA phala svargAdi hI indriyagrAhya hote haiM / isIlie 'paraloka hai yA nahI' yaha bAta
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________________ AgamapramANamImAMsA 355 1 Aja bhI vivAda aura saMdehakI banI huI hai / mImAMsakane mukhyatayA puruSakI dharmajJatAkA hI niSedha kiyA hai / usakA kahanA hai ki dharma aura usake niyama - upaniyamoMko vedake dvArA jAnakara bAkI saMsArake saba padArthoMkA yadi koI sAkSAtkAra karatA hai to hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai / sirpha dharma meM antima pramANa veda hI ho sakatA hai, purupakA anubhava nahIM / kisI bhI puruSakA jJAna itanA vizuddha aura vyApaka nahIM ho sakatA ki vaha dharmAdi atIndriya padArthoM kA bhI parijJAna kara sake, aura na puruSameM itanI vItarAgatA A sakatI hai, jisase vaha pUrNa niSpakSa rahakara dharmakA pratipAdana kara sake / puruSa prAyaH anRtavAdI hote haiM / unake vacanoMpara pUrA-pUrA bharosA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vaidika pamparAmeM hI jina naiyAyika Adine nitya Izvarako vedakA karttA kahA hai usake viSayameM bhI mImAMsakakA kahanA hai ki kisI aise samayakI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI ki jaba veda na rahA ho / IzvarakI sarvajJatA bhI usake vedamaya honeke kAraNa hI siddha hotI hai, svata; nahIM / tAtparya yaha ki jahA~ vaidika paramparAmeM dharmakA antima aura nirbAdha adhikArasUtra vedake hAthameM hai, vahA~ jaina paramparAmeM dharmatIrthakA pravartana tIrthaGkara ( puruSa - vizeSa ) karate haiM / ve apanI sAdhanAse pUrNa vItarAgatA aura tattvajJatA prAptakara dharma Adi atIndriya padArthoMke bhI sAkSAdraSTA ho jAte haiM / unake lokabhASA meM honevAle upadezoM kA saMgraha aura vibhAjana unake ziSya gaNadhara karate hai / yaha kArya dvAdazAMga - racanAke nAmase prasiddha hai / vaidika paramparAmeM jahA~ kisI dharmake niyama aura upaniyamameM vivAda upasthita hotA haiM to usakA samAdhAna vedake zabdoMmeM DhUMr3anA par3atA hai jaba ki jaina paramparAmeM aise vivAdake samaya kisI bhI vItarAga tattvajJake vacana nirNAyaka ho sakate haiM / yAnI puruSa itanA vikAsa kara letA hai ki vaha svayaM tIrthaGkara banakara tIrtha ( dharma ) kA pravartana bhI karatA hai /
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________________ 356 jainadarzana isIlie use 'tIrthaGkarotIti tIrthaGkaraH' tIrthaGkara kahate hai / vaha kevala tIrthajJa hI nahIM hotaa| isa taraha mUlarUpame dharmake kartA aura mokSamArgake netA hI dharmatIrthake pravartaka hote hai / Age unhIke vacana 'Agama' kahalAte hai| ye sarva prathama gaNadharoke dvArA 'aGgazruta' ke rUpame grathita hote hai / inake ziSya-praziSya tathA anya AcArya unhI Agama-granthoMkA AdhAra lekara jo navIna grantha-racanA karate hai vaha 'aMgabAhya' sAhitya kahalAtA hai / donoMkI pramANatAkA mUla AdhAra puruSakA nirmala jJAna hI hai ! yadyapi Aja vaise nirmala jJAnI sAdhaka nahI hote, phira bhI jaba ve hue the taba unhone sarvajJapraNIta AgamakA AdhAra lekara hI dharmagrantha race the| Aja hamAre sAmane do jJAnakSetra spaSTa khule hue hai-eka to vaha jJAnakSetra, jisame hamArA pratyakSa, yukti tathA tarka cala sakate hai aura dUsarA vaha kSetra, jisame tarka prAdikI guJjAiza nahIM hotI, arthAt eka hetuvAda pakSa aura dUsarA AgamavAda pakSa / isa sambandhame jaina AcAryone apanI nIti bahuta vicArake bAda yaha sthira kI hai ki hetuvAdapakSame hetuse aura AgamavAdapakSame Agamase vyavasthA karanevAlA svasamayakA prajJApaka-ArAdhaka hotA hai aura anya siddhAntakA virAdhaka hotA hai| jaisA ki AcArya siddhasenakI isa gAthAse spaSTa hai "jo heuvAyapakkhammi heuo Agamammi aagmo| so sasamayapaNNavao siddhaMtavirAhao annnno||" -sanmati0 3 / 45 / AcArtha 'samantabhadrane isa sambandhameM nimnalikhita vicAra prakaTa kiye hai ki jahA~ vaktA anApta, avizvasanIya, atattvajJa aura kaSAyakaluSa hoM 1. "vaktaryanApte yaddhetoH sAdhyaM taddhetusAdhitam / Apte vaktari tadvAkyAt sAdhitamAgamasAdhitam // " -AptamI0 zlo0 78 /
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________________ AgamapramANamImAMsA 357 vahA~ hetuse hI tattvako siddhi karanI cAhie aura jahAM vaktA Apta-sarvajJa aura vItarAga ho vahAM usake vacanoMpara vizvAsa karake bhI tattvasiddhi kI jA sakatI hai| pahalA prakAra hetusAdhita kahalAtA hai aura dUsarA prakAra AgamasAdhita / mUlameM puruSake anubhava aura sAkSAtkArakA AdhAra honepara bhI eka bAra kisI puruSavizeSameM AptatAkA nizcaya ho jAnepara usake vAkyapara vizvAsa karake calanekA mArga bhI hai| lekina yaha mArga bocake samayakA hai| isase puruSako buddhi aura usake tattvasAkSAtkArakI antima pramANatAkA adhikAra nahIM chintaa| jahAM vaktAkI anAptatA nizcita hai vahA~ usake vacanoMko yA to hama tarka aura hetuse siddha kareMge yA phira AptavaktAke vacanoMko mUla AdhAra mAnakara usase saMgati baiThane para hI unakI pramANatA maaneNge| isa vivecanase itanA to samajhameM A jAtA hai ki vaktAko AptatA aura anAptatAkA nizcaya karanekI jimmevArI antataH yukti aura tarka para hI par3atI hai| eka bAra nizcaya ho jAneke bAda phira pratyeka vAkyameM yukti yA hetu DhU~Do yA na DhU~Do, usase kucha banatA-bigar3atA nahIM hai / cAlU jIvanake lie yahI mArga prazasta ho sakatA hai| bahuta-sI aisI bAteM haiM, jinameM yukti aura tarka nahIM calatA, una bAtoMko hameM AgamapakSameM DAlakara vaktAke Aptatvake bharose hI calanA hotA hai, aura calate bhI haiM / parantu yahAM vaidika paramparAke samAna antima nirNaya akartRka zabdoMke AdhIna nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka jaina AcArya apane nUtana granthake prArambhameM usa granthako paramparAko sarvajJa taka le jAtA hai aura isa vAtakA vizvAsa dilAtA hai ki usake pratipAdita tattva kapola-kalpita na hokara paramparAse sarvajJapratipAdita hI haiM / __tarkakI eka sImA to hai hii| para hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki antima adhikAra kisake hAthameM hai ? kyA manuSya kevala anAdikAlase calI AI akartRka paramparAoMke yantrajAlakA mUka anusaraNa karanevAlA eka jantu hI hai yA svayaM bhI kisI avasthAmeM nirmAtA aura netA ho sakatA hai ? vaidika
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________________ 358 jainadarzana paramparAmeM isakA uttara hai 'nahIM ho sakatA', jaba ki jaina paramparA yaha kahatI hai ki "jisa puruSane vItarAgatA aura tattvajJatA prApta kara lI hai use kisI zAstra yA Agamake AdhArako yA niyantraNako AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| vaha svayaM zAstra banAtA hai, paramparAe~ racatA haiM aura satyako yugazarIrameM prakaTa karatA hai| ataH madhyakAlIna vyavasthAke lie Agamika kSetra Avazyaka aura upayogI hone para bhI usakI pratiSThA sArvakAlika aura saba purupoMke lie eka-sI nahIM hai / eka kalpakAlameM caubIsa tIrthaGkara hote haiN| ve saba akSarazaH eka hI prakArakA upadeza dete hoM, aisI adhika sambhAvanA nahIM hai; yadyapi una sabakA tattvasAkSAtkAra aura vItarAgatA eka-jaisI hI hotI hai / hara tIrthaGkarake samaya vibhinna vyaktiyoMkI paristhitiyA~ jude-jude prakArakI hotI hai, aura vaha una paristhitiyoMmeM ulajhe hue bhavya jIvoMko sulaTane aura sulajhanekA mArga batAtA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki vyaktikI mukti aura vizvakI zAntike lie ahiMsA, aparigraha, anekAntadRSTi aura vyaktisvAtantryake siddhAnta traikAlika haiM / ina mUla siddhAntoMke sAkSAtkArameM kisI bhI tIrthaGkarako matabheda nahIM huA; kyoMki mUla satya do prakArakA nahIM hotaa| parantu usa mUla satyako jIvanavyavahArameM lAneke prakAra vyakti, samAja, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva AdikI dRSTise ananta prakArake ho sakate haiM / yaha bAta hama sabake anubhavako hai| jo kArya eka samayameM amuka paristhitimeM ekake lie kartavya hotA hai, vahI usI vyaktiko paristhiti badalanepara akharatA hai| ataH kartavyAkarttavya aura dharmAdharmako mUla AtmA eka honepara bhI usake paristhiti-zarIra aneka hote haiM, para satyAsatyakA nirNaya usa mUla AtmAko saMgati aura asaMgatise hotA hai / jaina paramparAkI yaha paddhati zraddhA aura tarka donoMko ucita sthAna dekara unakA samanvaya karatI hai|
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________________ 359 AgamapramANamImAMsA vedApauruSeyatva vicAra: ___hama rahale likha cuke hai ki momAMsaka puruSame pUrNa jJAna aura vItarAgatAkA vikAsa nahIM mAnatA aura dharmapratipAdaka vaMdavAkyako kisI puruSavizeSako kRti na mAnakara use apauruSeya yA akartRka mAnatA hai| usa apauruSeyatvakI siddhi ke lie 'asmaryamANa kartRkatva' hetu diyA jAtA hai| isakA artha hai ki yadi vedakA koI kartA hotA to usakA smaraNa honA cAhiye thA, cU~ki smaraNa nahIM hai, ataH veda anAdi hai aura apauruSeya hai| kintu, kartAkA smaraNa nahIM honA kisIkI anAditA aura nityatAkA pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / nitya vastu akartRka hI hotI hai| kartAkA smaraNa hone aura na honese pauruSeyatA yA apauruSeyatAkA koI sambandha nahIM hai / bahutase purAne makAna, kue~, khaMDahara Adi aise upalabdha hote hai, jinake kartAoM yA banAnevAloMkA smaraNa nahIM hai, phira bhI ve apauruSeya nahIM hai| ____ apaurupeya honA pramANatAkA sAdhaka bhI nahIM hai| bahuta-se laukikamlecchAdi vyavahAra-gAlI-galauja Adi aise cale Ate hai, jinake kartAkA koI smaraNa nahIM hai, para itane mAtrase ve pramANa nahIM mAne jA sakate / 'vaTe vaTe vaizravaNaH' ityAdi aneka pada-vAkya paramparAse kartAke smaraNake binA hI cale Ate hai, para ve pramANakoTimeM zAmila nahIM hai / purANoMmeM vedako brahmAke mukhase nikalA huA batAyA hai| aura yaha bhI likhA hai ki pratimanvantarameM bhinna-bhinna vedoMkA vidhAna hotA hai / "yo vedAMzca prahiNoti" ityAdi vAkya vedake kartAke pratipAdaka hai hii| jisa taraha yAjJavalkyasmRti aura purANa RSiyoMke nAmoMse aMkita honeke kAraNa pauruSeya hai, usI taraha kANva, mAdhyandina, taittirIya Adi vedakI zAkhAe~ bhI RSiyoMke nAmase aMkita pAyI jAtI hai, ataH unheM anAdi yA apo 1. "pratimanvantaraM caiva zrutiranyA vidhIyate"-matsyapu0 145 / 58 / 2. zvetA0 6 / 18 /
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________________ 360 jainadarzana rupeya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? vedoMmeM na kevala RSiyoMke hI nAma pAye jAte haiM, kintu unameM aneka aitihAsika rAjAoM, nadiyoM aura dezoMke nAmoMkA pAyA jAnA isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki ve una una paristhitiyoMmeM bane haiM / bauddha vedoMko aSTaka RSikartaka kahate hai to jaina unheM kAlAsurakartRka batAte hai / ataH unake kartRvizeSameM to vivAda ho sakatA hai, kintu 've paurupeya hai aura unakA koI-na-koI banAnevAlA avazya hai' yaha vivAda kI bAta nahIM hai / 'vedakA adhyayana sadA vedAdhyayanapUrvaka hI hotA hai, ataH veda anAdi hai' yaha dalIla bhI puSTa nahIM hai; kyoMki 'kaNva Adi RSiyoMne kANvAdi zAkhAoMkI racanA nahIM kI, kintu apane guruse par3hakara hI unane use prakAzita kiyA' yaha siddha karanevAlA koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai / isa taraha to yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAbhArata bhI vyAsane svayaM nahIM banAyA; kintu anya mahAbhArata ke adhyayanase use prakAzita kiyA hai / isI taraha kAlako hetu banAkara vartamAna kAlakI taraha atIta aura anAgata kAlako vedake karttAse zUnya kahanA bahuta vicitra tarka hai / isa taraha to kisI bhI anizcita kartRka vastuko anAdi ananta siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / hama kaha sakate hai ki mahAbhAratakA banAnevAlA atIta kAlameM nahIM thA, kyoMki vaha kAla hai jaise ki vartamAna kAla / jaba vaidika zabda laukika zabdake samAna hI saMketagrahaNake anusAra arthakA bodha karAte haiM aura binA uccAraNa kiye puruSako sunAI nahIM 1. 'sajanmamaraNaSigotracaraNAdinAmazruteH / anekapadasaMhatipratiniyamasandarzanAt / phalArthipuruSapravRttivinivRttihetvAtmanAm / zrutezca manusUtravat puruSakartRkaiva zrutiH // ' - pAtrakesaristotra lo0 14 /
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________________ AgamapramANamImAMsA 361 dete taba aisI kauna-sI vizeSatA hai jisase ki vaidika zabdoMko apauruSeya kahA jAya ? yadi koI eka bhI vyakti atIndriyArthadraSTA nahIM ho sakatA to vedoMkI atIndriyArthapratipAdakatAmeM vizvAsa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? vaidika zabdoMkI amuka chaMdoMmeM racanA / vaha racanA binA kisI puruSaprayatna ke apane Apa kaise ho gaI ? yadyapi meghagarjana Adi anekoM zabda puruSa prayatnake binA prAkRtika saMyoga-viyogoMse hote haiM parantu ve nizcita arthake pratipAdaka nahIM hote aura na unameM susaMgata chaMdoracanA aura vyavasthitatA hI dekhI jAtI hai / ataH jo manuSyakI racanAke samAna hI eka viziSTa racanA meM Avaddha haiM ve apauruSeya nahIM ho sakate / anAdi paraMparArUpa hetuse vedako atIndriyArthapratipAdakatAko siddhi karanA usI taraha kaThina hai jisa taraha gAlI-galauja AdikI prAmANikatA siddha karanA / antataH vedake vyAkhyAnake lie bhI atIndriyArthadarzI hI antima pramANa bana sakatA hai / vivAdakI avasthA meM 'yaha merA artha hai yaha nahIM yaha svayaM zabda to boleMge nahIM / yadi zabda apane arthake mAmale meM svayaM rokanevAlA hotA to vedako vyAkhyAoM meM matabheda nahIM honA cAhiye thA / zabdamAtrako nitya mAnakara vedake nityatvakA samarthana karanA bhI pratItise viruddha hai; kyoMki tAlu Adike vyApArase pudgalaparyAyarUpa zabdakI utpatti hI pramANasiddha haiM, abhivyakti nahIM | saMketa ke liye zabdako nitya mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki jaise anitya ghaTAdi padArthoMmeM amuka ghar3eke naSTa hone para bhI anya sadRza ghar3oMse sAdRzyamUlaka vyavahAra cala jAtA hai usI taraha jisa zabdameM saMketagrahaNa kiyA hai vaha bhale hI naSTa ho jAya, para usake sadRza anya zabdoM meM vAcakavyavahArakA honA anubhavasiddha hai / 'yaha vahI zabda hai, jisameM maiMne saMketa grahaNa kiyA thA' isa prakArakA ekatvapratyabhijJAna bhI bhrAntike kAraNa hI hotA hai; kyoMki jaba hama usa sarIkhe dUsare zabdako sunate haiM, to dIpazikhAkI taraha bhramavaza usameM ekatvakA bhAna ho jAtA hai /
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________________ 362 jainadarzana AjakA vijJAna zabdataraMgoMko usI taraha kSaNika mAnatA hai jisa taraha jaina, bauddhAdidarzana / ataH atIndriya padArthomeM vedako antima pramANatA manAneke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki usakA Adya pratipAdaka svayaM atIndriyadarzI ho| atIndriyadarzanakI asambhavatA kahakara andhaparaMparA calAnese pramANatAkA nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| jJAnasvabhAvavAlI AtmAkA sampUrNa AvaraNoMke haTa jAnepara pUrNa jJAnI bana jAnA asambhava bAta nahIM hai / zabda vaktAke bhAvoMko DhonevAlA eka mAdhyama hai, jisakI pramANatA aura apramANatA apanI na hokara vaktAke guNa aura doSoMpara Azrita hotI hai| yAnI guNavAn vaktAke dvArA kahA gayA zabda pramANa hotA hai aura doSavAle vaktAke dvArA pratipAdita zabda apramANa / isaliye koI zabdako dhanyavAda yA gAlI nahIM detA, kintu usake bolanevAlA vaktAko / vaktAkA abhAva mAnakara 'doSa nirAzraya nahIM rahege' isa yuktise vedako nirdoSa kahanA to aisA hI hai jaise megha garjana aura bijalIkI kar3akar3AhaTako nirdoSa btaanaa| vaha isa vidhise nirdoSa vana bhI jAya, para meghagarjana AdikI taraha vaha nirarthaka hI siddha hogaa| vaha vidhi-pratiSedha Adi prayojanoMkA sAdhaka nahIM bana skegaa| ___ vyAkaraNAdike abhyAsase laukika zabdoMkI taraha vaidika padoMke arthako samasyAko hala karanA isalie asaMgata hai ki jaba zabdoMke aneka artha hote hai taba aniSTa arthakA parihAra karake iSTa arthakA niyamana karanA kaise sambhava hogA ? prakaraNa Adi bhI aneka ho sakate hai / ataH dharmAdi atIndriya padArthoke sAkSAtkAra karanevAleke vinA dhArmika niyama-upaniyamoMme vedakI nirbAdhatA siddha nahIM ho sktii| jaba eka bAra atIndriyadarzIko svIkAra kara liyA, taba vedako apauruSeya mAnanA nirarthaka hI hai| koI bhI pada aura vAkya yA zloka Adi chanda racanA puruSako icchA buddhike binA sambhava nahIM hai / dhvani apane Apa binA puruSa-prayatnake nikala sakatI hai, para bhASA mAnavako
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________________ AgamapramANamImAMsA 363 apanI dena hai, usameM usakA prayatna, vivakSA aura jJAna sabhI kAraNa hote haiN| zabdArtha-pratipatti : svAbhAvika yogyatA aura saMketake kAraNa zabda aura hastasaMjJA Adi vastuko pratipatti karAnevAle hote hai| jisa prakAra jJAna aura jJeyameM jJApaka aura jJApya zakti svAbhAvika hai usI taraha zabda aura arthameM pratipAdaka aura pratipAdya zakti svAbhAvika hI hai / jaise ki hastasaMjJA AdikA apane abhivyaJjanIya arthake sAtha sambandha anitya hokara bhI iSTa arthakI abhivyakti karA detA hai, usI taraha zabda aura arthakA sambandha anitya hokara bhI arthabodha karA sakatA hai / zabda aura arthakA yaha sambandha mAtA, pitA, guru tathA samAja Adiko paramparA dvArA anAdi kAlase pravAhita hai aura jagatakI samasta vyavahAra-vyavasthAkA mUla kAraNa bana rahA hai / ___ Upara jisa Aptake vacanako zruta yA Agama pramANa kahA hai, usakA vyApaka lakSaNa to 'avaJcakatva yA avisaMvAditva' hI hai, parantu Agamake prakaraNameM vaha Apta-sarvajJa, vItarAgI aura hitopadezI vivakSita hai| manuSya ajJAna aura rAgadveSake kAraNa mithyA bhASaNameM pravRtta hotA hai / jisa vastukA jJAna na ho, yA jJAna hokara bhI kisIse rAga yA dveSa ho, to hI asatya vacanakA avasara AtA hai / ataH satyavaktA Aptake liye pUrNa jJAnI aura vItarAgI honA to Avazyaka hai hI, sAtha-hI-sAtha use hitopadezI bhI honA cAhiye / hitopadezakI icchAke binA jagatahitameM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI / hitopadezitvake binA siddha pUrNa jJAnI aura vItarAgI hokara bhI 1. 'yo yatrAvisaMvAdakaH sa tatrAptaH, tataH paro'nAptaH / tattvapratipAdanamavisaMvAdaH / ' -aSTaza0 aSTasaha0 pR0 236 / 2. 'rAgAdvA dveSAdvA mohAdvA vAkyamucyate hyanRtam / yasya tu naite doSAstasyAnRtakAraNaM nAsti ||'-aaptsvruup /
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________________ jainadarzana Apta-koTi meM nahIM Ate, ve Aptase Upara hai| hitopadezitvako bhAvanA honepara bhI yadi pUrNa jJAna aura vItarAgatA na ho, to anyathA upadezakI sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai| yahI nIti laukika vAkyoMmeM tadviSayaka jJAna aura tadviSayaka avaJcakatvameM lAgU hai| zabdako arthavAcakatAH anyApoha zabdakA vAcya nahIM : bauddha arthako 'zabdakA vAcya nahIM maante| unakA kahanA hai ki zabda arthake pratipAdaka nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki jo zabda arthakI maujUdagImeM unakA kathana karate haiM ve hI atIta-anAgatarUpase avidyamAna padArthoMmeM bhI prayukta hote haiN| ataH unakA arthake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai, anyathA koI bhI zabda nirarthaka nahIM ho skegaa| svalakSaNa anirdezya hai / arthameM zabda nahIM hai aura na artha zabdAtmaka hI hai, jisase ki arthaka pratibhAsita honepara zabdakA bodha ho yA zabdake pratibhAsita honepara arthakA bodha avazya ho| vAsanA aura saMketako icchAke anusAra zabda anyathA bhI saMketita kiye jAte haiM, isalie unakA arthase koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai / ve kevala buddhipratibimbita anyApohake vAcaka hote haiM / yadi zabdoMkA arthase vAstavika sambandha hotA to eka hI vastumeM paraspara virodhI vibhinna zabdoMkA aura una zabdoMke AdhArase race hue vibhinna darzanoMkI sRSTi na huI hotii| 'agni ThaMDI hai yA garama' isakA nirNaya jaise agni svayaM apane svarUpase kara detI hai, usI taraha 'kauna zabda satya hai aura kauna asatya' 1. 'atIyAjAtayo'pi na ca syAdanRtArthatA / vAcaH kasyAzcidityeSA bauddhArthaviSayA mataH // ' -pramANavA0 3 / 207 / 2 'paramArthaMkatAnatve shbdaanaamnibndhnaa| na syAtpravRttirathapu samayAntaramedipu // ' -pramANavA0 3 / 206 /
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________________ zabdArthapramANamImAMsA 365 isakA nirNaya bhI zabdako apane svarUpase hI kara denA cAhiye thA, para vivAda Aja taka maujUda hai| ataH gau Adi zabdoMko sunakara hameM eka sAmAnyakA bodha hotA hai| yaha sAmAnya vAstavika nahIM hai / kintu vibhinna gau vyaktiyoMmeM pAI jAnevAlI agovyAvRttirUpa hai| isa agopohake dvArA 'gau gau' isa sAmAnyavyavahArako sRSTi hotI hai| aura yaha sAmAnya unhIM vyaktiyoMko pratibhAsita hotA hai, jinane apanI buddhimeM isa prakArake abhedakA bhAna kara liyA hai| aneka gAyoMmeM anusyUta eka, nitya aura niraMza gotva asat hai, kyoMki vibhinna dezavartI vyaktiyoMmeM ekasAtha eka gotvakA pAyA jAnA anubhavase viruddha to hai hI, sAtha-hI-sAtha vyaktike aMtarAlameM usakI upalabdhi na honese bAdhita bhI hai| jisa prakAra chAtramaNDala chAtravyaktiyoMko chor3akara apanA koI pRthak astitva nahIM rahatA, vaha eka prakArakI kalpanA hai, jo sambandhita vyaktiyoMkI buddhi taka hI somita hai, usI taraha gotva aura manuSyatvAdi sAmAnya bhI kAlpanika haiM, bAhya sat vastu nhiiN| sabhI gAyeM gauke kAraNoMse utpanna huI hai aura Age gauke kAryoMko karatI haiM, ataH unameM agokAraNavyAvRtti aura agokAryavyAvRtti arthAt atatkAryakAraNavyAvRttise sAmAnyavyavahAra hone lagatA hai| paramArthasat gau vastu kSaNika hai, ataH usameM saMketa bhI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jisa gauvyaktimeM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAyagA, vaha gau vyakti dvitIya kSaNameM jaba naSTa ho jAtI hai, taba vaha saMketa vyartha ho jAtA hai; kyoMki agale kSaNameM jina gauvyaktiyoM aura zabdoMse vyavahAra karanA hai una vyaktiyoMmeM to saMketa hI grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, ve to asaMketita hI haiM / ataH zabda vaktAko vivakSA ko sUcita karatA huA, buddhikalpita anyabyAvRtti yA anyApohakA hI vAcaka hotA hai, arthakA nhiiN| 1 "vikalpapratibimbeSu tanniSTheSu nibdhyte| tato'nyApohaniSThatvAduktA'nyApohakRcchrutiH ||'-prmaannvaa0 2 / 164 /
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________________ 366 jainadarzana 'indriyagrAhya padArtha bhinna hotA hai aura zabdagocara artha bhinna / zabdase andhA bhI arthabodha kara sakatA hai, para vaha arthako pratyakSa nahIM jAna sakatA / dAha zabdake dvArA jisa dAha arthakA bodha hotA hai aura agniko chUkara jisa dAhakI pratIti hotI hai, ve donoM dAha jude-jude haiM, ise samajhAneko AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ataH zabda kevala kalpita sAmAnyakA vAcaka hai / yadi zabda arthakA vAcaka hotA, to zabdabuddhi kA pratibhAsa indriyabuddhikI taraha vizada honA cAhiye thaa| arthavyaktiyA~ ananta aura kSaNika haiM, isaliye jaba unakA grahaNa hI sambhava nahIM hai; taba pahale to unameM saMketa hI gRhIta nahIM ho sakatA, yadi saMketa gRhIta ho bhI jAya, to vyavahArakAla taka usakI anuvRtti nahIM ho sakatI, ataH usase arthabodha honA asambhava hai| koI bhI pratyakSa aisA nahIM hai, jo zabda aura artha donoMko viSaya karatA ho, ataH saMketa honA hI kaThina hai / smaraNa niviSaya aura gRhItagrAhI honese pramANa hI nahIM hai| sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha vAcya hai : kintu bauddhakI yaha mAnyatA ucita nahI hai / padArthameM kucha dharma sadRza hote haiM aura kucha visadRza / sadRza dharmoko hI sAmAnya kahate haiM / yaha anekAnugata na hokara pratyeka vyaktiniSTha hai| yadi sAdRzyako vastugata dharma na mAnA jAya, to agonivRtti 'amuka gauvyaktiyoMmeM hI pAyI jAtI hai, azvAdi vyakyioMmeM nahIM, yaha niyama kaise kiyA jA sakegA ? jisa taraha 1. 'anyadevendriyagrAhyamanyacchandasya gocaraH / zabdAtpratyeti bhinnAkSo na tu pratyakSamIkSate // ' -uddhRta praza0 vyo0 pR0 584 |-nyaaykumudcndr pR0 553 / 2. "tatra svalaNaM tAvanna zabdaiH pratipAdyate / ___ saGkatavyavahArAptakAlavyAptivirodhataH ||-ttvsN0 pR0 207 / 3. dekho, nyAyakumudacandra pR0 557 /
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________________ zabdArthapramANamImAMsA 367 bhAva-astitva vastukA dharma hai, usI taraha abhAva-paranAstitva bhI vastu. kAhI dharma hai / use tuccha yA niHsvabhAva kahakara ur3AyA nahIM jA sktaa| sAdRzyakA bodha aura vyavahAra hama cAhe agonivRtti Adi niSedhamukhase kareM yA sAsnAdimattva Adi samAnadharmarUpa gotva Adiko dekhakara kareM, para isase usakI paramArthasat vastutAmeM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| jisa taraha pratyakSAdi pramANoMkA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha hotA hai, usI taraha zabdasaMketa bhI sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArthameM hI kiyA jAtA hai| kevala sAmAnyameM yadi saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAya, to usase vizeSavyaktiyoM meM pravRtti nahIM ho skegii| ananta vizeSavyaktiyA~ tattatrUpameM hama logoMke jJAnakA jaba viSaya hI nahIM bana sakatI, taba unameM saMketa grahaNakI bAta to atyanta asambhava hai| sadRza dharmokI apekSA zabdakA arthameM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jisa zabdavyakti aura arthavyaktimeM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, bhale hI ve vyavahArakAla taka na jA~ya, para satsadRza dUsare zabdase tatsadRza dUsare arthakI pratIti honemeM kyA bAdhA hai ? eka ghaTazabdakA eka ghaTapadArthameM saMketa grahaNa karanepara bhI tatsadRza yAvat ghaToMmeM tatsadRza yAvat ghaTazabdoMko pravRtti hotI hI hai| saMketa grahaNa karaneke bAda zabdArthakA smaraNa karake vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pratyakSa-duddhi atIta arthako jAnakara bhI pramANa hai, usI taraha smRti bhI pramANa hI hai, na kevala pramANa hI, kintu saviSayaka bhI hai / jaba avisaMvAdaprayukta pramANatA smRtimeM hai taba zabda sunakara tadvAcya arthakA smaraNa karake tathA arthako dekhakara tadvAcaka zabdakA smaraNa karake vyavahAra acchI taraha calAyA jA sakatA hai| eka sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka arthako viSaya karane para bhI indriyajJAna spaSTa aura zabdajJAna aspaSTa hotA hai| jaise ki eka hI vRkSako viSaya karanevAle dUravartI aura samIpavartI puruSoMke jJAna aspaSTa aura spaSTa hote hai / 'spaSTatA aura aspaSTatA viSayabhedake kAraNa nahIM AtI, kintu Ava1. dekho, nyAyakumudacandra pR0 565 /
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________________ 368 jainadarzana raNake kSayopazamase AtI hai| phira zabdase honevAlA arthakA bodha mAnasa hai aura indriyase honevAlA padArthakA jJAna aindriyaka hai / jisa taraha avinAbhAvasambandhase arthakA bodha karAnevAlA anumAna aspaSTa hokara bhI avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hai, usI taraha vAcyavAcakasambandhake balapara arthabodha karAnevAlA zabdajJAna bhI avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hI honA cAhiye / hA~, jisa zabdameM visaMvAda yA saMzayAdi pAye jAya, vaha anumAnAbhAsa aura pratyakSAbhAsakI taraha zabdAbhAsa ho sakatA hai, para itane mAtrase sabhI zabdajJAnoMko apramANakoTimeM nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| kucha zabdoMko arthavyabhicArI dekhakara sabhI zabdoMko apramANa nahIM ThaharAyA jA sktaa| yadi zabda bAhyArthameM pramANa na ho, to kSaNikatva Adike pratipAdaka zabda bhI pramANa nahIM ho skeNge| aura taba bauddha svayaM adRSTa nadI, deza aura parvatAdikA avisaMvAdI jJAna zabdoMse kaise kara sakeMge? yadi hetuvAdarUpa ( parArthAnumAna ) zabdake dvArA arthakA nizcaya na ho; to sAdhana aura sAdhanAbhAsakI vyavasthA kaisI hogI? isI taraha Aptake vacanake dvArA yadi arthakA bodha na ho; to Apta aura anAptakA bheda kaise siddha hogA? yadi puruSoMke abhiprAyoMmeM vicitratA honeke kAraNa sabhI zabda arthavyabhicArI karAra diye jAya~, to sugatake sarvazAstRtvameM kaise vizvAsa kiyA jA sakegA? yadi arthavyabhicAra honeke kAraNa zabda arthameM pramANa nahIM haiM; to anya zabdakI vivakSAmeM anya zabdakA prayoga dekhA jAnese jaba vivakSAvyabhicAra bhI hotA hai, to use vivakSAmeM bhI pramANa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? jisa taraha suvivecita vyApya aura kArya apane vyApaka aura 1. laghIya0 zlo0 27 / 2 ladhIya0 zlo0 26 / 3. 'AptokteheM tuvAdAcca bhiraavinishcye|| satyetaravyavasthA kA sAdhanetaratA kutaH ||'-lghii0 kA0 28 / 4. laghIya0 zlo0 29 /
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________________ zabdAthapramANamImAMsA 369 kAraNakA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakate, usI taraha suvivecita zabda bhI arthakA vyabhicArI nahIM ho sktaa| phira zabdakA vivakSAke sAtha koI avinAbhAva bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda varNa yA pada kahIM avAMchita arthako bhI kahate haiM aura kahIM vAJchitako bhI nahIM khte| yadi zabda vivakSAmAtrake vAcaka hoM, to zabdoMmeM satyatva aura mithyAtvakI vyavasthA na ho skegii| kyoMki donoM hI prakArake zabda apanI-apanI vivakSAkA anumAna to karAte hI haiN| zabdameM satya aura asatya vyavasthAkA mUla AdhAra arthaprApti aura aprApti ho bana sakatA hai / jisa zabdakA artha prApta ho vaha satya aura jisakA artha prApta na ho vaha mithyA hotA hai| jina zabdoMkA bAhya artha prApta nahIM hotA unheM hI hama visaMvAdI kahakara mithyA ThaharAte hai| pratyeka darzanakAra apane dvArA pratipAdita zabdoMkA vastusambandha ho to batAnekA prayAsa karatA hai| vaha usako kAlpanikatAkA parihAra bhI joroMse karatA hai| avisaMvAdakA AdhAra arthaprAptiko chor3akara dUsarA koI bana hI nahIM sktaa| agonivRttirUpa sAmAnyameM jisa gaukI Apa nivRtti karanA cAhate haiM usa gokA nirvacana karanA hI kaThina hai| svalakSaNabhUta goko nivRtti to isaliye nahIM kara sakate ki vaha zabdake agocara hai| yadi agonivRttike peTameM par3I huI gauko bhI agonivRttirUpa hI kahA jAtA hai, to anavasthAse piMDa nahIM chuutttaa| vyavahArI sIdhe gauzabdako sunakara gau arthakA jJAna karate haiM, ve anya agau AdikA niSedha karake gau taka nahIM pahuMcate / gAyoMmeM hI 'agonivRtti pAyI jAtI haiN|' isakA artha hI hai ki una sabameM yaha eka samAna dharma hai| 'zabdakA arthake sAtha sambandha mAnanepara arthake dekhanepara zabda bhI sunAI denA cAhie' yaha Apatti atyanta ajJAnapUrNa hai; kyoMki vastumeM ananta dharma hai, unamese koI hI dharma kisI jJAnake 1. laghIya0 zlo0 64, 65 / 24
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________________ 370 jainadarzana viSaya hote hai; saba sabake nhiiN| jinakI jaba jaisI indriyAdisAmagrI aura yogyatA hotI hai vaha dharma usa jJAnakA spaSTa yA aspaSTarUpameM viSaya banatA hai| yadi gauzabdake dvArA agonivRtti mukhyarUpase kahI jAtI hai; to gau zabdake sunate hI sabase pahale 'agau' aisA jJAna zrotAko honA cAhiye, para yaha dekhA nahIM jaataa| Apa gozabdase azvAdiko nivRtti karate haiM; to azvAdinivRttirUpa kauna-sA padArtha zabdakA vAcya hogA? asAdhAraNa gosvalakSaNa to ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki vaha samasta zabda aura vikalpoMke agocara hai / zAvaleyAdi vyaktivizeSako kaha nahIM sakate; kyoMki yadi gozabda zAvaleyAdikA vAcaka hotA hai to vaha sAmAnyazabda nahIM raha sktaa| isalie samasta sajAtIya zAvaleyAdivyaktiyoMmeM pratyekameM jo sAdRzya rahatA hai, tannimittaka hI gaubuddhi hotI hai aura vahI sAdRzya sAmAnya __Apake matase jo vibhinna sAmAnyavAcI gau, azva Adi zabda hai ve saba mAtra nivRttike vAcaka honese paryAyavAcI ho jAyage, kyoMki vAcyabhUta apohake nIrUpa (tuccha) honese usameM koI bheda zeSa nahIM rahatA / ekatva, nAnAtva aura saMsRSTatva Adi dharma vastumeM hI pratIta hote haiM / yadi apohameM bheda mAnA jAtA hai to vaha bhI vastu hI ho jaaygaa| apohya ( jinakA apoha kiyA jAtA hai ) nAmaka sambandhiyoMke bhedase apohameM bheda DAlanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki aisI dazAmeM prameya, abhidheya, aura jJeya Adi zabdoMkI pravRtti nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki saMsArameM aprameya anabhidheya aura ajJeya AdikI sattA hI nahIM hai| yadi zAvaleyAdi gauvyaktiyoMmeM paraspara sAdRzya na honepara bhI unameM eka 1. dekho, prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR0 433 / 2. prameyakamalamAtaNDa pR0 434 /
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________________ apohavAdamImAMsA 371 agopohakI kalpanAkI jAtI hai to gau aura azvameM bhI eka ApohakI kalpanA ho jAnI cAhiye; kyoMki zAvaleya-gau vyakti bAhuleya - gauvyaktise jaba utanI hI bhinna hai, jitanI ki azvavyavi se to paraspara unameM koI vizeSatA nahIM rahatI / apohapakSameM itaretarAzraya doSa bhI AtA haiagaukA vyavaccheda karake gaukI pratipatti hotI hai auaura gaukA vyavaccheda karake agokA jJAna hotA / apohapakSameM vizeSaNavizeSya-bhAvakA bananA bhI kaThina hai; kyoMki jaba 'nIlam utpalam' yahA~ 'anIlavyAvRttise viziSTa anutpalavyAvRtti' yaha artha phalita hotA hai taba eka vyAvRttikA dUsarI vyAvRttise viziSTa hone kA koI matalaba hI nahIM nikalatA / yadi vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvake samarthanake liye anIlavyAvRtta nIla vastu aura anutpalavyAvRtta utpala vastu 'nIlamutpalam' isa padakA vAcya kahI jAtI hai; to apohakI vAcyatA svayaM khaNDita ho jAtI hai aura jisa vastuko Apa zabdake agocara kahate the, vahI vastu zabdakA vAcya siddha ho jAtI hai / yadi gauzabdake dvArA agaukA apoha kiyA jAtA hai, to agozabdakA vAcya bhI to eka apoha ( go-apoha ) hI hogaa| yAnI jisakA poha ( vyavaccheda ) kiyA jAtA hai, vaha svayaM jaba apoharUpa hai, to usa vyavacchedya apohako vasturUpa mAnanA par3egA; kyoMki pratiSedha vastukA hotA hai / yadi apohakA pratiSedha kiyA jAtA hai to apohako svayaM vastu hI mAnanA hogA / isaliye azvAdimeM go AdikA jo apoha hotA hai vaha sAmAnyabhUta vastukA hI kahanA cAhiye / isa taraha bhI zabdakA vAcya vastu hI siddha hotI haiM / kiJca, 'apoha' isa zabdakA vAcya kyA hogA ? yadi 'anapohavyAvRtti;' to 'anapohavyAvRttikA vAcya koI anya vyAvRtti hoMgI, isataraha anavasthA AtI hai / ataH yadi apohazabdakA vAcya 'apoha' vidhirUpa mAnA jAtA hai; to anya zabdoMkA bhI vidhirUpa vAcya mAnanemeM kyA Apatti
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________________ 372 jainadarzana hai ? cUMki pratiniyata zabdoMse pratiniyata arthoM meM prANiyoMkI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai, isalie zAbdapratyayoMkA viSaya paramArtha vastu hI mAnanA cAhiye / raha jAtI hai saMketakI bAta; so sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArthameM saMketa kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisA artha vAstavika hai, aura saMketa tathA vyavahArakAla taka dravyadRSTise rahatA bhI hai| samasta vyaktiyA~ samAnaparyAyarUpa sAmAnyakI apekSA tarkapramANake dvArA usI prakAra saMketake viSaya bhI bana jAyeMgI, jisa prakAra ki agni aura dhUmakI vyAptike grahaNa karaneke samaya agnitvena samasta agniyA~ aura dhUmatvena samasta dhUma vyAptike viSaya ho jAte haiN| yaha AzaMkA bhI ucita nahIM hai ki 'zabdake dvArA yadi arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai, to cakSurAdi indriyoMkI kalpanA vyartha hai'; kyoMki zabdase arthako aspaSTa rUpameM pratIti hotI hai| ataH usakI spaSTa pratItike lie anya indriyoMkI sArthakatA hai| yaha dUSaNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki 'jaise agnike chUnese pholA par3atA hai aura duHkha hotA hai, usI taraha dAha zabdake sunanese bhI honA cAhiye'; kyoMki phaulA par3anA yA duHkha honA agnijJAnakA kArya nahIM hai; kintu agni aura dehake sambandhakA kArya hai| suSupta yA mUcchita avasthAmeM jJAnake na honepara bhI agnipara hAtha par3a jAnese phaulA par3a jAtA hai aura dUrase cakSu indriyake dvArA agniko dekhane para bhI pholA nahIM par3atA hai| ataH sAmagrIbhedase eka hI padArthameM spaSTa-aspaSTa Adi nAnA pratibhAsa hote haiM / __yadi zabdakA vAcya vastu na ho, to zabdoMmeM satyatva aura asatyatva vyavasthA nahIM kI jA sktii| aisI dazAmeM 'sarvaM kSaNikaM sattvAt' ityAdi Apake vAkya bhI usI taraha mithyA hoMge jisa prakAra ki 'sarva nityam' ityAdi virodhI vAkya / samasta zabdoMko vivakSAkA sUcaka mAnane para bhI yahI dUSaNa anivArya hai| yadi zabdase mAtra vivakSAkA jJAna hotA hai to usase bAhya arthakI pratipatti, pravRtti aura prApti honI caahiye| ataH vyavahArasiddhike liye zabdakA vAcya vastubhUta sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha
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________________ prAkRtazabdoMkI sAdhutA 373 hI mAnanA caahiye| zabdoMmeM satyAsatya vyavasthA bhI arthakI prApti aura aprAptike nimittase hI svIkAra kI jAtI hai| jo zabda arthavyabhicArI haiM ve khuzose zabdAbhAsa siddha hoM, para itane mAtrase sabhI zabdoMkA sambandha arthase nahIM tor3A jA sakatA aura na unheM apramANa hI kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki zabdako pravRtti buddhigata saMketake anusAra hotI hai| jisa arthameM jisa zabdakA jisa rUpase saMketa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha zabda usa arthakA usa rUpase vAcaka hai aura vaha artha vAcya / yadi vastu sarvathA avAcya hai; to vaha 'vastu' 'avAcya' Adi zabdoMke dvArA bhI nahIM kahI jA sakegI aura isa taraha jagatase samasta zabdavyavahArakA uccheda hI ho jaaygaa| hama sabhI zabdoMko arthAvinAbhAvI nahIM kahate, kintu 'jinake vaktA Apta haiM ve zabda kabhI bhI arthake vyabhicArI nahIM ho sakate' hamArA itanA hI abhiprAya hai| prAkRtaapabhraMza zabdoMkI arthavAcakatA (pUrvapakSa): isa taraha 'zabda arthake vAcaka hai' yaha sAmAnyataH siddha honepara bhI mImAMsaka aura vaiyAkaraNoMkA yaha Agraha hai ki sabhI zabdoMmeM vAcakazakti nahIM hai, kintu saMskRta zabda hI sAdhu hai aura unhIMmeM vAcakazakti hai| prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi zabda asAdhu haiM, unameM arthapratipAdanakI zakti nahIM hai| jahAM-kahIM prAkRta yA apabhraMza zabdoMke dvArA arthapratIti dekhI jAtI hai, vahAM vaha zaktibhramase hI hotI hai, yA una prAkRtAdi asAdhu zabdoMko 1. "gavAdaya eva sAdhavo na gAvyAdayaH iti sAdhutvarUpaniyamaH / " -zAstrado0 1 / 3 / 27 / 2. 'na cApabhraMzAnAmavAcakatayA kathamarthAvabodha iti vAcyam , zaktibhramavatAM bAdhakAbhAvAt / vizeSadarzinastu dvividhAH-tattadvAcakasaMskRtavizeSajJAnavantaH tadvikalAzca / tatra AdyAnAM sAdhusmaraNadvArA arthabodha: |'-shbdkau0 pR0 32 /
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________________ 374 jainadarzana sunakara prathama hI saMskRta-sAdhu zabdoMkA smaraNa AtA hai aura phira unase arthabodha hotA hai| isa taraha zabdarAzike eka bar3e bhAgako vAcakazaktise zUnya kahanevAle isa matame eka vicitra sAmpradAyika bhAvanA kArya kara rahI hai / ye saMskRta zabdoMko sAdhu kahakara' aura inameM hI vAcakazakti mAnakara hI cupa nahIM ho jAte, kintu sAdhuzabdake uccAraNako dharma aura puNya mAnate hai aura use hI kartavya-vidhime zAmila karate hai tathA asAdhu apabhraMza-zabdoMke uccAraNako zaktizUnya hI nahIM, pApakA kAraNa bhI kahate hai| isakA mUla kAraNa hai saMskRtame race gaye vedako dharmya aura pramANa mAnanA tathA prAkRta, pAlI Adi bhASAoMmeM race gaye jaina, bauddha Adi AgamoMko adharmya aura apramANa ghoSita karanA / strI aura zadroMko dharmake adhikAroMse vaMcita karaneke abhiprAyase unake liye saMskRta-zabdoMkA uccAraNa ho niSiddha kara diyA gayA / nATakoMme strI aura zUdra pAtroMke mukhase prAkRtakA ho uccAraNa karAyA gayA hai| 'brAhmaNa ko sAdhu zabda bolanA cAhiye, apabhraMza yA mleccha zabdoMkA vyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhie' Adi vidhivAkyoMkI sRSTikA eka hI abhiprAya hai ki dharmame veda aura vedopajIvI vargakA abAdha adhikAra kAyama rahe / adhikAra hathayAnekI isa bhAvanAne vastuke svarUpameM hI viparyAsa utpanna kara denekA cakra calAyA aura ekamAtra saMketake balapara arthabodha karanevAle zabdoMmeM bhI jAtibheda utpanna kara diyA gyaa| itanA hI nahIM 'asAdhu duSTa zabdoMkA uccAraNa vajra banakara indrako taraha jihvA 1. 'itthaMca saMskRta eva zaktisiddhau zakyasambandharUpavRtterapi tatraiva bhAvAttattvaM sAdhutvam |'-vaiyaakrnnbhuu0 pR0 249 / 2. 'ziSTebhya AgamAt siddhAH sAdhavo dharmasAdhanam / ' ___ -vAkyapa0 1127 / 3. 'tasmAd brAhmaNena na mlecchita vai nApabhASita vai, mleccho ha vA eSa apa shbdH|-paat0 mahA0 paspazA0 /
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________________ prAkRtazabdoMkI sAdhutA 375 . ko cheda degA' yaha bhaya bhI dikhAyA gyaa| tAtparya yaha ki vargabhedake kSetrameM bhI abAdha gati se calA / vizeSAdhikAroM kA kucakra bhASA ke vAkyapadIya ( 1 - 27 ) meM ziSTa puruSoMke dvArA jina zabdoMkA uccAraNa huA hai aise Agamasiddha zabdoMko sAdhu aura dharmakA sAdhana mAnA hai / yadyapi apabhraMza Adi zabdoMke dvArA arthapratIti hotI hai, para cU~ki unakA prayoga ziSTa-jana AgamoMmeM nahIM karate haiM, isalie ve asAdhu haiM / tantravArtika ( pR0 278 ) AdimeM bhI vyAkaraNasiddha zabdoMko sAdhu aura vAcakazaktiyukta kahA hai aura sAdhutvakA AdhAra vRttimattva ( saMketase arthabodha karanA ) ko na mAnakara vyAkaraNaniSpannatvako hI arthabodha aura sAdhutvakA zrAdhAra mAnA gayA hai / isa taraha jaba arthabodhaka zakti saMskRta - zabdoM meM hI mAnI gaI, taba yaha prazna svAbhAvika thA ki 'prAkRta aura apabhraMza Adi zabdoMse jo arthabodha hotA hai vaha kaise ?' isakA samAdhAna drAvir3I praNAyAmake DhaMgase kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki 'prAkRta Adi zabdoM ko sunakara pahale saMskRta zabdoMkA smaraNa hotA hai aura pIche unase arthabodha hotA hai / jina logoMko saMskRta zabda jJAta nahIM hai, unheM prakaraNa, arthAdhyAhAra Adike dvArA lakSaNAse arthabodha hotA hai | jaise ki bAlaka 'ammA ammA' Adi rUpase aspaSTa uccAraNa karatA hai, para sunanevAloMko tadvAcaka mUla 'amba' zabdakA smaraNa hokara hI artha pratIti hotI hai, usI taraha prAkRta Adi zabdoMse bhI saMskRta zabdoM kA smaraNa karake hI arthabodha hotA hai / tAtparya yaha ki kahIMpara sAdhu zabdake smaraNake dvArA, kahIM vAcakazakti ke bhramase, kahIM prakaraNa aura avinAbhAvI arthakA jJAna Adi nimittase honevAlo lakSaNAse arthabodhakA nirvAha ho jAtA hai / isa taraha eka vicitra sAmpradAyika bhAvanAke vaza hokara zabdoMsAdhutva kSaura asAdhutvako jAti kAyama kI gaI hai ! meM 1. 'sa vAgvajro yajamAnaM hinasti yathendrazatruH svarato'parAdhAt / ' -pAta0 mahA0 paspazA0 /
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________________ 376 jainadarzana uttara pakSa : " kintu jaba anvaya aura vyatireka dvArA saMskRta zabdoMkI taraha prAkRta aura apabhraMza zabdoMse svatantra bhAvase arthapratIti aura lokavyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai, taba kevala saMskRta zabdoMko sAdhu aura vAcakazaktivAlA batAnA pakSamohakA hI pariNAma hai / jina logoMne saMskRta zabdoMko svapna meM bhI nahIM sunA hai, ve nirbAdha rUpase prAkRta Adi bhASA-zabdoMse hI sIdhA vyavahAra karate hai / ata: uname vAcakazakti svasiddha hI mAnanI cAhiye / jinakI vAcakazaktikA unhe bhAna hI nahIM hai una zabdoMkA smaraNa mAnakara arthabodhakI bAta karanA vyavahAraviruddha to hai hI, kalpanAsaMgata bhI nahIM hai / pramAda aura azaktise prAkRta zabdoMkA uccAraNa una logoMkA to mAnA jA sakatA hai jo saMskRta zabdoMko dharma mAnate hai, para jina asaMkhya vyavahArI logoMkI bhASA ho prAkRta aura apabhraMzarUpa lokabhASA hai aura yAvajjIvana ve usIse apano lokayAtrA calAte hai, unake lie pramAda aura azaktise bhASAvyavahArakI kalpanA anubhavaviruddha hai / balki kahIM kahIM to jaba bAlakoMko saMskRta par3hAI jAtI hai taba 'vRkSa agni' Adi saMskRta zabdoMkA arthabodha, 'rUkha AgI' Adi apabhraMza zabdoMse hI karAyA jAtA hai / anAdiprayoga, viziSTapuruSapraNItatA, bAdhArahitatA, viziSTArthavAcakatA aura pramANAntarasaMvAda Adi dharma saMskRtakI taraha prAkRtAdi zabdoMmeM bhI pAye jAte hai / yadi saMskRta zabdake uccAraNase hI dharma hotA ho; to anya vrata, upavAsa Adi dharmAnuSThAna vyartha ho jAte hai / 1. dekho, nyAyakumudacandra pR0 762 / 2. ' mlecchAdInAM sAdhuzabdaparijJAnAbhAvAt kathaM tadviSayA smRtiH ? tadabhAve na go'rthapratipattiH syAt / - tattvopa0 pR0 124 / 3. 'viparyayadarzanAcca 1 - vAdanyAyaTI0 pR0 105 /
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________________ prAkRtazabdoMkI sAdhutA 377 'prAkRta' zabda svayaM apanI svAbhAvikatA aura sarvavyavahAra - mUlakatAko kaha rahA hai / saMskRtakA artha hai saMskAra kiyA huA aura prAkRtakA artha hai svAbhAvika | kisI vidyamAna vastumeM koI vizeSatA lAnA hI saMskAra kahalAtA hai aura vaha isa artha meM kRtrima hI hai / "prakRtiH saMskRtam, tatra bhavaM tata AgataM prAkRtam" prAkRtakI yaha vyutpatti vyAkaraNakI dRSTise hai / pahale saMskRta ke vyAkaraNa bane hai aura pIche prAkRta vyAkaraNa / ataH vyAkaraNa-racanA meM saMskRta zabdoMko prakRti mAnakara, varNavikAra varNAgama Adise prAkRta aura apabhraMzake vyAkaraNakI racanAeM huI haiM / kintu prayogakI dRSTise to prAkRta zabda hI svAbhAvika aura janmasiddha haiM / jaise ki meghakA jala svabhAvataH ekarUpa hokara bhI nIma, gannA Adi vizeSa AdhAroMmeM saMskArako pAkara anekarUpameM pariNata ho jAtA hai, usI taraha svAbhAvika sabakI bolI prAkRta bhASA pANini Adike vyAkaraNoMse saMskArako pAkara uttarakAlameM saMskRta Adi nAmoMko pA letI hai / para itane mAtrase vaha apane mUlabhUta prAkRta zabdoMkI arthabodhaka zaktiko nahIM chIna sakatI / arthabodhake lie saMketa hI mukhya AdhAra hai / 'jisa zabdakA, jisa arthameM, jina logoMne saMketa grahaNa kara liyA hai, una zabdoMse una logoMko 1. dekho, hema0 pra0, prAkRtasarva0, prAkRtaca0 vAgbhaTTA0 TI0 222 / nATyazA0 17/2 | tri0 prA0 10 1 / prAkRtasaM0 / 2. 'prAkRteti-sakalajagajjantUnAM vyAkaraNAdibhiranAhitasaMskAraH sahajo vacanavyavahAraH prakRtiH, tatra bhavaM saiva vA prAkRtam / 'ArisavayaNasiddhadevANaM addhamaggahA vANI' ityAdivacanAdvA prAk pUrvaM kRtaM prAkkRtam, bAlamahilAdisakalabhASAnibandhanabhUtaM vacanamucyate meghanirmuktajalamivaikasvarUpaM tadeva ca dezavizeSAt saMskArakaraNAcca samAsAditavizeSa sat saMskRtAdyuttara vibhedAnApnoti / ata eva zAstrakRtA prAkRtamAdau nirdiSTaM tadanu saMskRtAdIni / pANinyAdivyAkaraNoditazabdalakSaNena saMskaraNAt saMskRtamucyate / ' - kAvyA0 rudra0 nami0 2 / 22 /
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________________ 378 jainadarzana usa arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai' yaha eka sAdhAraNa niyama hai| yadi aisA na hotA to saMsArameM dezabhedase saikar3oM prakArako bhASAe~ na bntii| eka hI pustakarUpa arthakA 'grantha, kitAva, pothI' Adi aneka dezIya zabdoMse vyavahAra hotA hai aura anAdi kAlase una zabdoMke vAcakavyavahArameM jaba koI bAdhA yA asaMgati nahIM AI, taba kevala saMskRta-zabdameM hI vAcakazakti mAnanekA durAgraha aura usoke uccAraNase dharma mAnanekI kalpanA tathA strI aura zUdroMko saMskRta zabdoMke uccAraNakA niSedha Adi varga-svArthakI bhISaNa pravRttike hI duSpariNAma haiN| dharma aura adharmake sAdhana kisI jAti aura vargake lie jude nahIM hote| jo brAhmaNa yajJa Adike samaya saMskRta zabdoMkA uccAraNa karate haiM, ve ho vyavahArakAlameM prAkRta aura apabhraMza zabdoMse hI apanA samasta jIvana-vyavahAra calAte haiM / balki hisAba lagAyA jAya to caubIsa ghaMToMmeM saMskRta zabdoMkA vyavahAra pAMca pratizatase adhika nahIM hotA hogaa| vyAkaraNake bandhanoMmeM bhASAko bA~dhakara use pariSkRta aura saMskRta banAne meM hameM koI Apatti nahIM haiM / aura isa taraha vaha kucha viziSTa vAg-vilAsiyoMkI jJAna aura vinodako sAmagrI bhale hI ho jAya, para isase zabdoMko sarvasAdhAraNa vAcakazaktirUpa sampattipara ekAdhikAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'saMketake anusAra saMskRta bhI apane kSetrameM vAcakazaktikI adhikAriNI ho, aura zeSa bhAzAe~ bhI apaneapane kSetrameM saMketAdhIna vAcakazaktiko samAna adhikAriNI raheM' yahI eka tarkasaMgata aura vyavahArI mArga hai| ___ zabdakI sAdhutAkA niyAmaka hai 'avitatha-satya arthakA bodhaka honA' na ki usakA saMskRta honA / jisa prakAra saMskRta zabda yadi avitatha-satya arthakA bodhaka honese sAdhu ho sakatA hai, to usI taraha prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAe~ bhI satyArthakA pratipAdana karanese sAdhu bana sakatI haiN| jaina paramparA janmagata jAtibheda aura tanmUlaka vizeSa adhikAroMko svIkAra nahIM krtii| isIlie vaha vastuvicArake samaya ina vargasvArtha
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________________ prAkRtazabdoMko sAdhutA 379 aura pakSamohake raMgIna cazmoMko dRSTipara nahIM car3hane detI aura isIlie anya kSetroMkI taraha bhASAke kSetrameM bhI usane apanI nirmala dRSTise anubhavamUlaka satya-paddhatiko hI apanAyA hai| ___ zabdoccAraNake lie jihvA, tAlu aura kaMTha AdikI zakti aura pUrNatA apekSita hotI hai aura sunaneke lie zrotra-indriyakA paripUrNa honA / ye donoM indriyA~ jisa vyaktike bhI hoMgI, vaha binA kisI jAtibhedake sabhI zabdoMkA uccAraNa kara sakatA hai aura suna sakatA hai aura jinheM jina-jina zabdoMkA saMketa gRhIta hai unheM una-una zabdoMko sunakara arthabodha bhI barAbara hotA hai| 'strI aura zUdra saMskRta na par3heM tathA dvija hI par3heM isa prakArake vidhi-niSedha kevala vargasvArthakI bhittipara AdhArita haiM ! vastusvarUpake vicArameM inakA koI upayoga nahIM hai, balki ye vastusvarUpako vikRta hI kara dete hai / upasaMhAra : isa taraha parokSa-pramANake smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ye pA~ca bheda hote haiN| inameM 'avizada jJAna' yaha sAmAnya lakSaNa samAnarUpase pAyA jAtA hai| ataH eka lakSaNase lakSita honeke kAraNa ye saba parokSapramANameM antarbhUta hai; bhale hI inakI avAntarasAmagrI judA-judA ho| raha jAtI hai amuka granthako pramANa mAnane aura na mAnanekI bAta, so usakA AdhAra avisaMvAda hI ho sakatA hai| jina vacanoM yA jinake vacanoMmeM avisaMvAda pAyA jAya, ve pramANa hote haiM aura visaMvAdI vacana apramANa / yaha viveka samagra granthake bhinna-bhinna aMzoMke sambandhameM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM sAvadhAnI itanI hI rakhanI hai ki avisaMvAditvakI jA~cameM hameM bhrama na ho| usakA antima niSkarSa kevala vartamAnakAlIna sImita sAdhanoMse hI nahIM nikAlA jAnA cAhiye, kintu traikAlika kAryakAraNabhAvako sunizcita paddhatise hI usakI jAMca honI caahiye|
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________________ 380 jainadarzana isa kharI kasoTIpara jo vAkya apanI yathArthatA aura satyArthatAko sAbita kara sakeM ve pramANasiddha hai aura zeSa apramANa / yahI bAta Aptake sambandhameM hai / 'yo yatrAvazcakaH sa tatra AptaH' arthAt jo jisa aMzameM avaMcaka-avisaMvAdI hai vaha usa aMzameM Apta hai| isa sAmAnya sUtrake anusAra lokavyavahAra aura Agamika paraMparA donoMmeM AptakA nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai aura Agama-pramANa kI sImA loka aura zAstra donoM taka vistRta kI jA sakatI hai / yahI jaina paramparAne kiyA bhI hai| zAnake kAraNa : artha aura Aloka jJAnake kAraNa nahIM : ___ jJAnake kAraNoMkA vicAra karate samaya janatArkikoMkI yaha dRSTi rahI hai ki jJAnakI kAraNasAmagromeM jJAnakI zaktiko upayogameM lAneke lie yA use labdhi avasthAse vyApAra karanekI ora pravRtta karanemeM jo anivArya sAdhakatama hoM unhIMko zAmila karanA cAhiye / isIlie jJAnake vyApArameM antaraMga kAraNa usakI zakti arthAt kSayopazamavizeSarUpa yogyatA hI mAnI gaI hai| isake binA jJAnako prakaTatA nahIM ho sakatI, vaha upayogarUpa nahIM bana sktaa| bAhya kAraNa indriya aura mana hai, jinake hone para jJAnakI yogyatA padArthoke jAnanekA vyApAra karatI hai / bhinna-bhinna indriyoM ke vyApArase jJAnako zakti una-una indriyoMke viSayoMko jAnatI hai| indriyavyApArake samaya manake vyApArakA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isIlie indriyapratyakSameM indriyoMko mukhyatA honepara bhI manako balAdhAyaka-bala denevAlA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mAnasapratyakSa yA mAnasajJAnameM kevala manovyApAra hI kArya karatA hai / indriya aura manakA vyApAra hone para jo bhI padArtha sAmane hogA usakA jJAna ho hI jaaygaa| indriya aura manake vyApAra niyamase jJAnakI zaktiko upayogameM lA hI dete hai, jabaki artha aura Aloka Adi kAraNoMmeM yaha sAmarthya nahIM hai ki
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________________ 381 jJAnake kAraNoMkI mImAMsA ve jJAnakI zaktiko upayogame lA hI deN| padArtha aura prakAza Adike rahane para bhI suSupta aura mUcchita Adi avasthAome jJAnakI zaktikA bAhya vyApAra nahI hotA / yadi indriya aura manakI taraha artha aura Aloka Adiko bhI jJAnakA kAraNa svIkAra kara liyA jAya, to suSupta avasthA aura dhyAnakA honA asambhava ho jAtA hai, kyoki padArtha aura prakAzakA sAnnidhya jagatame banA hI huA hai| vigrahagati ( eka zarIrako chor3akara dUsare zarIrako dhAraNa karaneke lie kI jAnevAlI maraNottara gati) me indriya aura manakI pUrNatA na honese padArtha aura prakAza AdikA sannidhAna hone para bhI jJAnako upayoga avasthA nahIM hotii| ata jJAnakA anvaya aura vyatireka yadi milatA hai to indriya aura manake sAtha ho, artha aura Alokake sAtha nahI / jisa prakAra tela, battI, agni Adi apane kAraNose utpanna honevAlA prakAza miTTI, kumhAra Adi apane kAraNose utpanna hue ghaDeko prakAzita karatA hai, usI taraha karmakSayopazama aura indriyAdi kAraNose upayoga avasthAme AyA huA jJAna apane-apane kAraNose utpanna honevAle jagatake padArthoko jAnatA hai / jaise dIpaka na to ghaTase utpanna huA hai aura na ghaTake AkAra hI hai, phira bhI vaha ghaTakA prakAzaka hai, usI taraha jJAna ghaTAdi padArthose utpanna na hokara aura unake AkAra na hokara bhI una padArthoko jAnanevAlA hotA hai| bauddhoMke cAra pratyaya aura tadutpatti Adi : bauddha citta aura caittokI utpattime cAra pratyaya mAnate hai(1) samanantara pratyaya, (2) adhipati pratyaya, (3) Alambana pratyaya aura (4)sahakArI pratyaya / pratyeka jJAnakI utpattimai anantara pUrvajJAna samanantara pratyaya hotA hai, arthAt pUrva jJAnakSaNa uttara jJAnakSaNako utpanna karatA hai| cakSu Adi indriyA~ adhipati pratyaya hotI hai, kyoki aneka kAraNose 1. 'catvAraH pratyayA hetuzcAlambanamanantaram / tathaivAdhipateyaM ca pratyayo nAsti paJcamaH // ' -mAdhyamikakArikA 122 /
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________________ 382 jainadarzana utpanna honevAle jJAnako mAlikI indriyA~ hI karatI haiM yAnI cAkSuSajJAna, zrAvaNajJAna Adi vyavahAra indriyoMke svAmitvake kAraNa hI indriyoMse hote haiM / jisa padArthakA jJAna hotA hai vaha padArtha Alambana pratyaya hotA hai / anya prakAza Adi kAraNa sahakArI pratyaya kahe jAte haiM / sautrAntika bauddhoM kA yaha siddhAnta' hai ki jo jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hotA vaha jJAnakA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA / naiyAyika Adi indriya aura padArthake sannikarSase jJAnakI utpatti svIkAra karate haiM / ataH inake mata se bhI sannikarSake ghaTaka rUpameM padArtha jJAnakA kAraNa ho jAtA hai / bauddha-mata meM sabhI padArtha kSaNika haiM / jaba unase pUchA gayA ki 'jJAna padArtha aura indriyoMse utpanna hokara bhI kevala padArthako hI kyoM jAnatA hai, indriyoMko kyoM nahIM jAnatA ?' taba unhoMne arthajanyatAke sAtha-hIsAtha jJAnameM zrarthAkAratAko bhI sthAna diyA yAnI jo jJAna jisase utpanna hotA hai aura jisake AkAra hotA hai vaha usIko jAnatA hai / 'dvitIyajJAna prathamajJAnase utpanna bhI hotA hai, usake AkAra bhI rahatA hai arthAt jo AkAra prathamajJAnameM hai vahI AkAra dvitIyajJAnameM bhI hotA hai, phira dvitIyajJAna prathamajJAnako kyoM nahIM jAnatA ?' isa praznake samAdhAnake liye unheM tadadhyavasAya bhI mAnanA par3A zrarthAt jo jJAna jisase utpanna ho, jisake AkAra ho aura jisakA adhyavasAya ( anukUla vikalpako utpanna karanA ) kare, vaha usa padArthako jAnatA hai / cU~ki nIlajJAna 'nIlamidam' aise vikalpako utpanna karatA hai, 'pUrvajJAnamidam' isa vikalpako nahIM, ataH vaha nIlako hI jAnatA hai, pUrvajJAnako nahIM / isa taraha unhoMne tadutpatti, tAdrUpya aura tadadhyavasAyako jJAnakA viSayaniyAmaka svIkAra kiyA hai / 'prathamakSaNavartI padArtha jaba jJAnako utpanna karake naSTa ho jAtA hai, taba vaha 1. 'nAkaraNaM viSayaH / ' -uddhRta bodhicaryA0 pR0 398 /
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________________ jJAnake kAraNoMkI mImAMsA 383 grAhya kaise ho sakatA hai ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna tadAkAratAse kiyA gayA hai arthAt padArtha agale kSaNameM bhale hI naSTa ho jAya, parantu vaha apanA AkAra jJAnameM de jAtA hai, isIlie jJAna usa arthako jAnatA hai| artha kAraNa nahIM: jaina dArzanikoMmeM sarvaprathama akalaMkadevane ukta vicAroMkI AlocanA karate hue jJAnake prati mana aura indriyako kAraNatAkA siddhAnta sthira kiyA hai| jo ki paramparAgata jainamAnyatA kA digdarzana mAtra hai| ve artha aura AlokakI kAraNatAkA apanI antaraGga sUkSma dRSTise nirAsa karate haiM ki jJAna arthakA kArya nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jJAna to mAtra itanA hI jAnatA hai ki 'yaha amuka artha hai|' vaha yaha nahIM jAnatA ki 'maiM isa arthase utpanna huA huuN|' yadi jJAna svayaM yaha jAnatA hotA to vivAdako guJjAiza hI nahIM thii| indriyAdise utpanna huA jJAna arthaka paricchedameM vyApAra karatA hai aura apane utpAdaka indriyAdi kAraNoMkI sUcanA bhI karatA hai| jJAnakA arthake sAtha jaba nizcita anvaya aura vyatireka nahIM hai, taba usake sAtha jJAnakA kAryakAraNabhAva sthira nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna apane viSayabhUta padArthoMke abhAvameM bhI indriyadoSa Adise utpanna hote haiN| padArthoMke bane rahane para bhI indriya aura manakA vyApAra na honepara suSupta mUcchita Adi avasthAoMmeM jJAna 1. 'bhinnakAlaM kathaM grAhyamiti ced grAhyatAM viduH| hetutvameva yuktizA zAnAkArArpaNakSamam // ' -pramANavA0 2 / 247 / 2. 'tataH subhASitam-indriyamanasI kAraNaM vijJAnasya athoM viSayaH / ' -laghI0 sva0 zlo0 54 / 3. 'tadindriyAnindriyanimittam / ' -ta0 sa0 1 / 14 / 4. laghI0 zlo0 53 /
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________________ 384 jainadarzana nahIM hotaa| yadi mithyAjJAnameM indriyoMkI duSTatA hetu hai to samyagjJAnameM indriyoMkI nirdoSatAko hI kAraNa honA cAhiye / 'anya kAraNoMse utpanna buddhike dvArA sannikarSakA nizcaya hotA hai / sannikarSameM praviSTa arthake sAtha jJAnakA kAryakAraNabhAva taba nizcita ho sakegA, jaba sannikarSa, AtmA, mana aura indriya Adi kisI eka jJAnake viSaya hoN| parantu AtmA, mana aura indriyA~ to atIndriya hai| ataH padArthake sAtha honevAlA inakA sannikarSa bhI svabhAvataH atIndriya hI hogA / aura isa taraha jaba vaha vidyamAna rahate hue bhI apratyakSa hai, taba usakI jJAnakI utpattimeM kAraNatA kaise mAnI jAya ? jJAna arthako to jAnatA hai, para arthameM rahanevAlI jJAnakAraNatAko nahIM jAnatA / jaba jJAna atIta aura anAgata padArthoMko, jo ki jJAnakAlameM avidyamAna hai, jAnatA hai taba arthako jJAnake prati kAraNatA apane Apa nissAra siddha ho jAtI hai| kAmalAdirogavAleko sapheda zaMkhameM avidyamAna pIlepanakA jJAna hotA hai aura maraNonmukha vyaktiko padArthake rahane para bhI usakA jJAna nahIM hotA yA viparIta jJAna hotA hai| kSaNika padArtha to jJAnake prati kAraNa bhI nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki jaba vaha kSaNika honese kAryakAla taka nahIM pahu~catA taba use kAraNa kaise kahA jAya ? arthake honepara bhI usake kAlame jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA tathA arthaka abhAvame hI jJAna utpanna hotA hai, taba jJAna arthakA kArya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? kArya aura kAraNa samAnakAlameM to nahIM raha skte| ___jJAna amUrta hai, ataH vaha mUrta arthake pratibimbako bhI dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA / mUrta darpaNa Adime hI mUrta mukha AdikA pratibimba AtA hai, amUrtameM mUrtakA nhiiN| 1. laghI0 sva0 zlo0 55 / 2. laghI0 sva0 zlo0 58 /
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________________ jJAnake kAraNoMkI mImAMsA 385 yadi padArthase utpanna honeke kAraNa jJAnameM viSayapratiniyama ho; to ghaTajJAnako ghaTakI taraha kAraNabhUta indriya Adiko bhI viSaya karanA cAhie / tadakAratAse viSayapratiniyama mAnane para eka ghaTakA jJAna honese usa AkAravAle yAvat ghaToMkA parijJAna ho jAnA cAhie / yadi tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA milakara niyAmaka hai, to dvitIya ghaTajJAnako prathama ghaTajJAnakA niyAmaka honA cAhiye; kyoMki prathama ghaTajJAnase vaha utpanna huA hai aura jaisA prathama ghaTajJAnakA AkAra hai vaisA hI AkAra umameM hotA hai| tadadhyavasAyase bhI vastukA pratiniyama nahIM hotA; kyoMki zukla zaMkhameM honevAle pItAkAra jJAnase utpanna dvitIya jJAnameM anukUla adhyavasAya to dekhA jAtA hai para niyAmakatA nahIM hai| ataH apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna jJAna aura arthameM dIpaka aura ghaTake prakAzya-prakAzakabhAvakI taraha jJeya-jJAyakabhAva mAnanA hI ucita hai| jaise devadatta aura kATha apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna hokara bhI chedana kriyAke kartA aura karma bana jAte hai usI taraha apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna jJeya aura jJAnameM bhI jJApya-jJApaka bhAva ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra khadAnase nikalI huI malina maNi aneka zANa Adi kAraNoMse nyUnAdhikarUpameM nirmala aura svacla hotI hai usI taraha karmayukta malina AtmAkA jJAna bhI apanI vizuddhike anusAra taratamarUpase prakAzamAna hotA hai aura apanI kSayopazamarUpa yogyatAke anusAra padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / ataH arthako jJAnameM sAdhakatama kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| padArtha to jagatameM vidyamAna hai hI, jo sAmane AyagA use mAtra indriya aura mana ke vyApArase utpanna honevAlA jJAna jAnegA hii| Adhunika vijJAna mastiSkameM pratyeka vicArako pratinidhibhata jina 1. 'svahetujanito'pyarthaH paricchedyaH svato yathA / tathA zAnaM svahetUtthaM paricchedAtmakaM svataH ||'-lvii0 sva0 zlo0 59 /
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________________ 286 jainadarzana sIdhI-Ter3hI rekhAoMkA astitva svIkAra karate haiM ve rekhAeM padArthAkAratAkA pratinidhitva nahIM karatIM, kintu ve paripakva anubhavake saMskAroMko pratinidhi haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki yathAkAla una saMskAroMke udbodha hone para smRti Adi utpanna hote haiM / ataH antaraMga aura sAdhakatama dRSTi se indriya aura mana hI jJAnake kAraNoM meM ginAye jAneke yogya haiM, arthAdi nahIM / Aloka bhI jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM : ____ isI taraha Aloka jJAnakA viSaya to hotA hai, kAraNa nahIM / jo jisa jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai vaha usa jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hotA, jaise ki andhakAra / AlokakA jJAnake sAtha anvaya aura vyatireka bhI nahIM hai / Alokake abhAvameM andhakArakA jJAna hotA hai| rAtricara ullU Adiko Alokake abhAvameM hI jJAna hotA hai, sadbhAvameM nhiiN| rAtrimeM andhakAra to dikhatA hai, para usase AvRta anya padArtha nhiiN| andhakArako jJAnakA AvaraNa bhI nahIM mAna sakate; kyoMki vaha jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai| jJAnakA AvaraNa to jJAnAvaraNa karma hI ho sakatA hai| isIke kSayopazama kI taratamatAse jJAnake vikAsameM tAratamya hotA hai| yaha eka sAdhAraNa niyama hai ki jo jisa jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai vaha usa jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hotA, jaise ki andhakAra / ataH Alokake sAtha jJAnakA anvaya aura vyatireka na honese Aloka bhI jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| viSayakI dRSTise jJAnoMkA vibhAjana aura nAmakaraNa bhI nahIM kiyA jaataa| jJAnoMkA vibhAjana aura nAmakaraNa to indriya aura mana rUpa kAraNoMse utpanna honekI vajahase cAkSuSa, rAsana, spArzana, ghrANaja, zrotraja aura manojanya-mAnasake rUpameM mAnanA hI ucita aura yuktisaMgata hai| padArthoMkI dRSTi se jJAnakA vibhAjana aura nAmakaraNa na saMbhava hai aura na zakya hI / isalie bhI artha Adiko jJAnameM kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM jNctaa| 1. dekho, laghI0 zlo0 56 /
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________________ pramANaphalamImAMsA 387 pramANakA phala: jaina darzaname jaba pramAke sAdhakatamarUpameM jJAnako hI pramANa mAnA hai, taba yaha svabhAvataH phalita hotA hai ki usa jJAnase hone vAlA pariNamana hI phalakA sthAna pAve / jJAna do kArya karatA hai-ajJAnako nivRtti aura sva-parakA vyavasAya / jJAnakA AdhyAtmika phala mokSakI prApti hai; jo tArkika kSetrame vivakSita nahIM hai| vaha to adhyAtmajJAnakA hI paramparA phala hai / pramANase sAkSAt ajJAnako nivRtti hotI hai| jaise prakAza andhakArako haTAkara padArthoko prakAzita karatA hai, vaise hI jJAna ajJAnako haTAkara padArthoMkA bodha karAtA hai / ajJAnakI nivRtti aura padArthoMkA jJAna ye do pRthak cIjeM nahIM hai aura na iname kAla-bheda hI hai, ye to eka hI sikkeke do pahala hai| padArthabodhake bAda honevAlA hAna heyakA tyAga, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhi pramANake paramparA phala hai| mati Adi jJAnoMmeM hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA tInoM buddhiyAM phala hotI hai , para kevalajJAna kA phala kevala upekSAbuddhi hI hai| rAga aura dveSame cittakA praNidhAna nahIM honA, upekSA kahalAtI hai| cUMki kevalajJAnI vItarAgI hai, ataH unake rAgadveSamUlaka hAna aura upAdAna buddhi nahIM ho sktii| jaina paramparAme jJAna AtmAkA abhinna guNa hai / iso jJAnako pUrva avasthA pramANa kahalAtI hai aura uttara avasthA phala / jo jJAnadhArA aneka jJAnakSaNoMme vyApta rahatI hai, usa jJAnadhArAkA pUrvakSaNa sAdhakatama honese pramANa hotA hai aura uttarakSaNa sAdhya honese phala / 'avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA aura hAnAdibuddhi' isa dhArAme avagraha kevala pramANa hI hai aura hAnAdibuddhi kevala phala hI, parantu IhAse dhAraNA paryanta jJAna pUrvakI apekSA phala hokara bhI apane uttarakAryako apekSA pramANa bhI ho jAte hai| eka 1. 'upekSA phalamAthasya zeSasyAdAnahAnadhIH / pUrvA vA'zAnanAzo vA sarvasyAsya svagocare ||'-aaptmii0 zlo0 102 2. 'pUrvapUrvapramANatve phalaM syAduttarottaram |'-lghii0 zlo0 7
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________________ 288 jainadarzana hI AtmAkA jJAnavyApAra jaba jJeyonmukha hotA hai taba vaha pramANa kahA jAtA hai aura jaba usake dvArA ajJAnanivRtti yA arthaprakAza hotA hai taba vaha phala kahalAtA hai| 'naiyAyika, vaizeSika, mImAMsaka aura sAMkhya Adi indriyako pramANa mAnakara indriyavyApAra, sannikarSa, AlocanAjJAna, vizeSaNajJAna, vizeSyajJAna, hAna, upAdAna Adi buddhi takakI dhArAmeM indriyako pramANa hI mAnate haiM aura hAnopAdAna Adi buddhiko phala hii| bIcake indriyavyApAra aura sannikarSa Adiko pUrva pUrvakI apekSA phala aura uttara uttarakI apekSA pramANa svIkAra karate hai| prazna itanA hI hai ki jaba pramANakA kArya ajJAnakI nivRtti karanA hai taba usa kAryake lie indriya, indriyavyApAra aura sannikarSa, jo ki acetana hai, kaise upayukta ho sakate hai| cetana pramAmeM sAdhakatama to jJAna hI ho sakatA hai, ajJAna nhiiN| ataH savikalpaka jJAnase hI pramANavyavahAra prArambha honA cAhiye, na ki indri yse| andhakAranivRttike lie andhakAravirodhI prakAza hI DhU~r3hA jAtA hai na ki tadavirodhI ghaTa, paTa Adi padArtha / inhIM paramparAoMkI upaniSadoMmeM yadyapi tattvajJAnakA carama phala niHzreyasa bhI batAyA gayA hai, parantu tarkayugameM usako pramukhatA nahIM rhii| bauddha paramparAkI sautrAntika zAkhAmeM bAhya arthakA astitva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, isalie ve jJAnagata arthAkAratA yA sArUpyako pramANa mAnate haiM aura viSayake adhigamako pramANakA phala / ye sArUpya aura adhigama donoM jJAnake hI dharma hai| eka hI jJAna jisa kSaNameM vyavasthApanahetu honese pramANa kahalAtA hai vahI usI kSaNameM vyavasthApya honese phala nAma 1. dekho, nyAyabhA0 111 / 3 / praza0 kandalI pR0 198-99 / mI0 zlo0 pratyakSa0 zlo0 59-73 / sAMkhyatattvakau0 zlo0 4 / 2 "viSayAdhigatizcAtra pramANaphalamiSyate / svavittirvA pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vA ||"-tttvsN0 kA0 1344 /
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________________ pramANaphalamImAMsA 389 pA jAtA hai| yadyapi jJAna niraMza hai, ataH usameM ukta do aMza pRthak nahIM hote, phira bhI anyavyAvRttikI apekSA ( asArUpyavyAvRttise sArUpya, aura anadhigamavyAvRttise adhigama ) do vyavahAra ho jAte haiM / vijJAnavAdI bauddhoMke matameM bAhya arthakA astitva na honese jJAnagata yogyatA hI pramANa mAno jAtI hai aura svasaMvedana phala / eka ho jJAnako savyApAra pratIti honese usImeM pramANa aura phala ye do pRthaka vyavahAra vyavasthApya-vyavasthApakakA bheda mAnakara kara liye jAte haiN| vastutaH jJAna to niraMza hai, usameM ukta bheda haiM hI nhiiN| pramANa aura phalakA bhedAbheda : jaina paramparAmeM cUMki eka hI AtmA pramANa aura phala donoM rUpase pariNati karatA hai, ataH pramANa aura phala abhinna mAne gaye haiM, tathA kArya aura kAraNarUpase kSaNabheda aura paryAyabheda honeke kAraNa ve bhinna haiN| bauddhaparamparAmeM AtmAkA astitva na honese eka hI jJAnakSaNameM vyAvRttibhedase bhedavyavahAra hone para bhI vastutaH pramANa aura phalameM abheda ho mAnA jA sakatA hai| naiyAyika Adi indriya aura sannikarSako pramANa mAnaneke kAraNa phalabhUta jJAnako pramANase bhinna hI mAnate haiN| isa bhedAbhedaviSayaka carcAmeM jaina paramparAne anekAntadRSTikA hI upayoga kiyA hai aura dravya tathA paryAya donoMko sAmane rakhakara pramANaphalabhAva ghaTAyA hai| AcArya samantabhadra aura siddhasenane ajJAnanivRtti, hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhi ko hI pramANakA phala batAyA hai aura akalaMkadevane pUrva pUrva jJAnoMko pramANa aura uttara uttara jJAnoMko phala kahakara eka hI jJAnameM apekSAbhedase pramANarUpatA aura phalarUpatAkA bhI samarthana kiyA hai| bauddhoMke matameM pramANa-phalavyavahAra, vyavasthApya-vyavasthApaka dRSTise hai, jabaki naiyAyika Adike matameM yaha vyavahAra kAryakAraNa-bhAva-nimittaka hai aura jaina paramparAmeM isa vyavahArakA AdhAra pariNAmapariNAmIbhAva hai|
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________________ 390 jainadarzana pUrvajJAna svayaM uttarajJAna rUpase pariNata hokara phala bana jAtA hai| eka AtmadravyakI hI jJAna paryAyome yaha pramANaphalabhAvako vyavasthA apekSAbhedase sambhava hotI hai| yadi pramANa aura phalakA sarvathA abheda mAnA jAtA hai to uname eka vyavasthApya aura dUsarA vyavasthApaka, eka pramANa aura dUsarA phala yaha bhedavyavahAra nahI ho sktaa| marvathA bheda mAnane para AtmAntarake pramANake sAtha prAtmAntarake phalame jaise pramANaphalavyavahAra nahI hotA, usI taraha eka hI AtmAke pramANa aura phalame bhI pramANa-phala vyavahAra nahI ho sakegA / acetana indriyAdike sAtha cetana jJAname pramANaphala vyavahAra to pratItiviruddha hai / jise pramANa utpanna hotA hai, usIkA ajJAna haTatA hai, vahI ahitako choDatA hai, hitakA upAdAna karatA hai aura upekSA karatA hai| isa taraha eka anusyUta AtmAkI dRSTise hI pramANa aura phalame kathaJcit abheda kahA jA sakatA hai / AtmA pramAtA hai, usakA arthaparicchittime sAdhakatama rUpame vyApriyamANa svarUpa pramANa hai, tathA vyApAra pramiti hai| isa prakAra paryAyakI dRSTise uname bheda hai / pramANAbhAsa: Upara jina pramANoko carcA kI gaI hai, unake lakSaNa jiname na pAye jAya, para jo unakI taraha pratibhAsita ho ve saba pramANAbhAsa hai| yadyapi ukta vivecanase patA laga jAtA hai ki kauna-kauna pramANAbhAsa hai, phira bhI isa prakaraName unakA spaSTa aura saMyuktika vivecana karanA apekSita hai| asvasaMvedI jJAna, nirvikalpaka darzana, saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyava1. 'yaH pramimIte sa eva nivRttAzAnI jahAtyAdatta upekSate ceti pratIteH / ' -parIkSAmukha 5 / 3 / 2. 'asvasaMviditagRhItArthadarzanasaMzayAdayaH prmaannaabhaasaaH|' -parokSAmukha 62 /
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________________ pramANAbhAsamImAMsA 391 sAya Adi pramANAbhAsa hai; kyoMki inake dvArA pravRttike viSayakA yathArtha upadarzana nahIM hotaa| jo asvasaMvedI jJAna apane svarUpako hI nahIM jAnatA vaha puruSAntarake jJAnakI taraha hameM arthabodha kaise karA sakatA hai ? nirvikalpaka darzana saMvyavahArAnupayogI honeke kAraNa pramANakI kakSAmeM zAmila nahIM kiyA jaataa| vastutaH jaba jJAnako pramANa mAnA hai taba pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakI cintA bhI jJAnake kSetrameM hI kI jAnI cAhiye / bauddhamatameM zabdayojanAke pahalevAle jJAnako yA zabdasaMsargakI yogyatA na rakhanevAle jisa jJAnako nirvikalpaka darzana zabdase kahA hai, usa saMvyavahArAnupayogI darzanako hI pramANAbhAsa kahanA yahA~ iSTa hai, kyoMki saMvyavahArake lie hI arthakriyArthI vyakti pramANako cintA karate hai / dhavalAdi siddhAnta-granthoMmeM jisa nirAkAradarzanarUpa AtmadarzanakA vivecana hai, vaha jJAnase bhinna, AtmAkA eka pRthak guNa hai / ataH use pramANAbhAsa na kahakara pramANa aura apramANake vicArase bahirbhUta hI rakhanA ucita hai| ____ avisaMvAdI aura samyagjJAnako pramANa kahA hai| yadyapi AcArya mANikyanandine pramANake lakSaNameM apUrvArthagrAhI vizepaNa diyA hai aura gRhItagrAhI jJAnako pramANAbhAsa bhI ghopita kiyA hai; para unake isa vicArase vidyAnanda Adi AcArya sahamata nahIM hai / akalaMkadeva ne bhI kahIM pramANake lakSaNameM anadhigatArthagrAhI pada diyA hai, para unhoMne ise pramANatAkA prayojaka nahIM maanaa| pramANatAke prayojakake rUpameM to unhoMne avisaMvAdakA hI varNana kiyA hai| ataH gRhItagrAhitva itanA bar3A doSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, jisake kAraNa vaise jJAnako pramANAbhAsa-koTimeM DAlA jaay| jaba vastuke sAmAnya dharmakA darzana hotA hai aura vizeSa dharma nahIM dikhAI dete, kintu do paraspara virodhI vizeSoMkA smaraNa ho jAtA hai taba jJAna una do vizeSa koTiyoMmeM dolita hone lagatA hai| yaha saMzaya jJAna anirNayAtmaka honese pramANAbhAsa hai| viparyaya jJAnameM viparIta eka
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________________ 392 jainadarzana koTikA nizcaya hotA hai aura anadhyavasAya jJAnameM kisI bhI eka koTikA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA, isaliye ye visaMvAdI honeke kAraNa pramANAbhAsa hai| sannikA di pramANAbhAsa : cakSu aura rasakA saMyuktamamavAyasambandha hone para bhI cakSuse rasajJAna nahIM hotA aura rUpake sAtha cakSukA sannikarpa na hone para bhI rUpajJAna hotA hai / ataH sannikarpako pramAke prati sAdhakatama nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira sannikarpa acetana hai, imalie bhI cetana pramAkA vaha sAdhakatama nahIM bana sktaa| ata: sannikarSa, kArakasAkalya Adi pramANAbhAsa hai| kArakasAkalyameM cetana aura acetana sabhI prakArakI sAmagrIkA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| ye pramitikriyAke prati jJAnase vyavahita hokara yAnI jJAnake dvArA hI kisI taraha apanI kAraNatA kAyama rakha sakate hai, sAkSAt nahIM; ataH ye saba pramANAbhAsa hai / sannikarSa Adi cUMki ajJAna rUpa hai; ataH ve mukhyarUpase pramANa nahIM ho skte| raha jAtI hai upacArase pramANa kahanekI bAta, so sAdhakatamatvake vicArame usakA koI mUlya nahIM hai| jJAna hokara bhI jo saMvyavahAropayogI nahIM hai yA akiJcitkara hai ve saba pramANAbhAsakoTimeM zAmila hai / pratyakSAbhAsa: avizada jJAnako pratyakSa kahanA pratyakSAbhAsa hai, jaise ki prajJAkara gupta akasmAt dhuA~ko dekhakara honevAle vahnivijJAnako pratyakSa kahate hai / bhale hI yahA~ pahalese vyApti gRhIta na ho aura tAtkAlika pratibhA Adi se vahnikA pratibhAsa ho gayA ho, kintu vaha pratibhAsa dhUmadarzanakI taraha 1. parIkSAmukha 6 / 5 / 2. parIkSAmukha 6 / 6 /
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________________ pramANAbhAsamImAMsA 393 vizada to nahIM hai, ataH usa avizada jJAnako pratyakSa-koTimeM zAmila nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha pratyakSAbhAsa hI hai| parokSAbhAsa : 'vizada jJAnako bhI parokSa kahanA parokSAbhAsa hai| jaise mImAMsaka karaNajJAnako apane svarUpameM vizada hote hue bhI parokSa mAnatA hai / yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki apratyakSajJAnake dvArA purupAntarake jJAnakI taraha arthopalabdhi nahIM kI jA sktii| ataH jJAnamAtrako cAhe vaha samyarajJAna ho yA mithyAjJAna, svasaMvedI mAnanA hI caahie| jo bhI jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha svaprakAza karatA huA hI utpanna hotA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki ghaTAdikI taraha jJAna ajJAta rahakara hI utpanna ho jAya / ataH mImAMsakakA use parokSa kahanA parokSAbhAsa hai / sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa : bAdaloMmeM gaMdharvanagarakA jJAna aura duHkhameM sukhakA jJAna sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa hai| mukhya pratyakSAbhAsa: ___isI taraha avadhijJAnameM mithyAtvake samparkase vibhaMgAvadhipanA AtA hai| vaha mukhyapratyakSAbhAsa kahA jaaygaa| manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna samyagdRSTike hI hote hai, ataH uname viparyAsako kisI bhI taraha sambhAvana nahIM hai| smaraNAbhAsa: ___atatme tatkA, yA tatmeM atatkA smaraNa karanA smaraNAbhAsa hai| jaise jinadattameM 'vaha devadatta' aisA smaraNa smaraNAbhAsa hai / pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa: sadRza padArthameM 'yaha vahI hai' aisA jJAna tathA usI padArthameM 'yaha usa 1. parIkSAmukha 67 2. parIkSAmukha 68 3. parIkSAmukha 6 / 9 /
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________________ 394 jainadarzana jaisA hai' isa prakArakA jJAna pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai| jaise-sahajAta devadatta aura jinadattameM bhramavaza honevAlA viparIta pratyabhijJAna, yA dravyadRSTise eka hI padArthameM bauddhako hone vAlA sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna aura paryAyadRSTise sadRza padArthameM naiyAyikAdiko honevAlA ekatvajJAna / ye saba pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai| takAbhAsa: jinameM avinAbhAva sambandha nahIM hai, unameM vyAptijJAna karanA tarkAbhAsa hai| jaise-jitane maitrake putra hoMge ve saba zyAma hoMge Adi / yahA~ maitratanayatva aura zyAmatvameM na to sahabhAvaniyama hai aura na kramabhAvaniyama; kyoMki zyAmatAkA kAraNa usa prakArake nAmakarmakA udaya aura garbhAvasthAmeM mAtAke dvArA zAka AdikA pracura parimANameM khAyA jAnA hai| anumAnAbhAsa : pakSAbhAsa Adise utpanna honevAle anumAna anumAnAbhAsa haiN| aniSTa, siddha aura vAdhita pakSa pakSAbhAsa hai / mImAMsakakA 'zabda anitya hai' yaha kahanA aniSTa pakSAbhAsa hai| kabhI-kabhI bhramavaza yA ghabar3Akara aniSTa bhI pakSa kara liyA jAtA hai| zabda zravaNa indriyakA viSaya hai| yaha siddha pakSAbhAsa hai / zabdake kAnase sunAI denemeM kisIko bhI vivAda nahIM hai, ataH use pakSa banAnA nirarthaka hai| pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, loka aura svavacanase bAdhita sAdhyavAlA pakSa bAdhita pakSAbhAsa hai| jaise-'agni ThaMDI hai; kyoMki vaha dravya hai, jalakI taraha / ' yahA~ agnikA ThaMDA honA pratyakSase bAdhita hai| 'zabda apariNAmI hai; kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai, ghaTakI taraha / ' yahA~ 'zabda apariNAmI hai' yaha pakSa 'zabda pariNAmI hai; kyoMki vaha arthakriyAkArI hai aura kRtaka hai ghaTakI apariNAmI hai' yaha pA 1. parIkSAmukha 6 / 10 / 2. parIkSAmukha 6 / 11-20 //
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________________ pramANAbhAsamImAMsA 395 taraha' isa anumAnase bAdhita hai / 'paralokameM dharma duHkhadAyaka hai, kyoMki vaha puruSAzrita hai, jaise ki adharma / ' yahA~ dharmako duHkhadAyaka batAnA Agamase bAdhita hai / 'manuSya kI khopar3I pavitra hai; kyoMki vaha prANIkA aMga hai, jaise- ki zaMkha aura zukti' / yahA~ manuSyako khopar3IkI pavitratA lokabAdhita hai / lokameM gauke zarIrase utpanna honepara bhI dUdha pavitra mAnA jAtA hai aura gomAMsa apavitra / isI taraha aneka prakArake laukika pavitrApavitra vyavahAra calate haiM / 'merI mAtA bandhyA hai; kyoMki use puruSasaMyoga hone para bhI garbha nahIM rahatA, jaise- ki prasiddha bandhyA / ' yahA~ merI mAtAkA bandhyApana svavacanabAdhita hai / yadi bandhyA hai, to terI mAtA kaise huI ? ye saba pakSAbhAsa hai / hetvAbhAsa : jo hetuke lakSaNase rahita hai, para hetu ke samAna mAlUma hote haiM ve hetvAbhAsa hai / vastuta: inheM mAdhanake doSa honese sAdhanAbhAsa kahanA cAhiye; kyoMki nirduSTa sAdhanameM ina doSoMkI sambhAvanA nahIM hotI / sAdhana aura hetumeM vAcya - vAcakakA bheda hai / sAdhanake vacanako hetu kahate hai, ataH upacArase sAdhanake doSoMko hetukA dopa mAnakara hetvAbhAma saMjJA de dI gaI hai / naiyAyika hetuke pA~ca rUpa mAnate hai, ataH ve eka-eka rUpake abhAva meM asiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika, kAlAtyayApadiSTa aura prakaraNasama ye pA~ca hetvAbhAsa svIkAra karate haiM' / bauddhoM ne hetuko trirUpa mAnA hai, ataH unake matase pakSadharmatva ke abhAva me amiddha, mapakSasattva ke abhAva meM viruddha aura vipakSamatva ke abhAva me anaikAntika isa taraha tIna hetvAbhAsa hote hai / kaNAda -sUtra ( 3 / 1 / 15 ) meM asiddha, viruddha aura sandigdha ina tIna hetvAbhAsoMkA nirdeza honepara bhI bhASya meM anadhyavasita nAmake cauthe hetvAbhAsakA bhI kathana hai / 1. nyAyasAra pR0 7 / 2 nyAyavi0 3 / 57/
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________________ jainadarzana jaina dArzanikoMmeM AcArya siddhasenane ( nyAyAvatAra zlo0 23) asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ina tIna hetvAbhAsoMko ginAyA hai| akalaMkadevane anyathAnupapannatvako hI jaba hetukA ekamAtra niyAmaka rUpa mAnA hai taba svabhAvataH inake matase anyathAnupapannatvake abhAvameM eka hI hetvAbhAsa ho sakatA hai| ve svayaM likhate hai ki vastutaH eka hI asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai / 'anyathAnupapatti' kA abhAva cUMki kaI prakArase hotA hai, ataH viruddha, asiddha, sandigdha aura akiJcitkarake bhedase cAra hetvAbhAsa bhI ho sakate hai / eka jagaha to unhoMne viruddha, asiddha aura sandigdhako akiJcitkarakA vistAra mAtra batAyA hai| inake matase hetvAbhAsoMkI saMkhyAkA koI Agraha nahIM hai, phira bhI unane jina cAra hetvAbhAsoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai, unake lakSaNa isa prakAra hai: (1) asiddha-"sarvathAtyayAt" (pramANasaM0 zlo0 48) sarvathA pakSameM na pAyA jAnevAlA athavA jisakA sAdhyake sAtha sarvathA avinAbhAva na ho / jaise--'zabda anitya hai, cAkSuSa honese / ' asiddha do prakArakA hai| eka avidyamAnasattAka-arthAt svarUpAsiddha aura dUsarA avidyamAnanizcaya-arthAt sandigdhAsiddha / avidyamAnasattAka-jaise zabda pariNAmI hai; kyoMki vaha cAkSuSa hai| isa anumAnameM cAkSupatva hetu zabdameM svarUpase hI asiddha hai| avidyamAnanizcaya-mUrkha vyakti dhUma aura bhAphakA viveka nahIM karake jaba baTaloIse nikalanevAlI bhAphako dhuA~ mAnakara, usameM agnikA anumAna karatA hai, to vaha sandigdhAsiddha hotA hai / athavA, sAMkhya yadi zabdako pariNAmo siddha karaneke liye kRtakatva hetukA 1. "anyathAsaMbhavAbhAvabhedAt sa bahudhA ramRtaH / viruddhAsiddhasandigdhairakiJcitkaravistaraH ||"-nyaayvi0 2 / 195 // 2. "akiJcitkArakAn sarvAn tAn vayaM saMgirAmahe / " -nyAyavi0 2 / 370
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________________ pramANAbhAsamImAMsA 397 prayoga karatA hai to vaha bhI sandigdhAsiddha hai, kyoMki sAMkhyake mata meM AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva zabda hI prasiddha haiM, kRtakatva nahIM / nyAyasAra ( pR0 8 ) AdimeM vizeSyAsiddha, vizeSaNAsiddha, AzrayAsiddha, AzrayaikadezAsiddha, vyarthavizeSyAsiddha, vyarthavizeSaNAsiddha, vyadhikaraNAsiddha aura bhAgAsiddha ina asiddhake ATha bhedoMkA varNana hai / unameM vyarthavizeSaNa taka chaha bheda una rUpoMse sattAke avidyamAna honeke kAraNa svarUpAsiddhameM hI antarbhUta ho jAte haiM / bhAgAsiddha yaha hai - ' zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha prayatnakA avinAbhAvI haiM / ' cU~ki isameM avinAbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, ataH yaha saccA hetu hai / hA~, yaha avazya hai ki jitane zabdoMmeM vaha pAyA jAyagA, utane meM hI anityatva siddha karegA / jo zabda prayatnAnantarIyaka hoMge ve to anitya hoMge hI / vyadhikaraNAsiddha bhI asiddha hetvAbhAsa meM nahIM ginAyA jAnA cAhiye; kyoMki - 'eka muhUrta bAda zakaTakA udaya hogA, isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya honese', 'Upara meghavRSTi huI hai, nIce nadIpUra dekhA jAtA hai' ityAdi hetu bhinnAdhikaraNa hokara ke bhI avinAbhAvake kAraNa sacce hetu haiM / gamyagamakabhAvakA AdhAra avinAbhAva hai, na ki bhinna- adhikaraNatA yA abhinnAdhikaraNatA / 'avidyamAnasattAka' kA artha - 'pakSa meM sattAkA na pAyA jAnA nahIM hai, kintu sAdhya, dRSTAnta yA donoMke sAtha jisakI avinAbhAvinI sattA na pAI jAya use avidyamAna sattAka kahate haiM / isI taraha sandigdhavizeSyAsiddha AdikA sandigdhAsiddhameM hI antarbhAva kara lenA cAhie | ye asiddha kucha anyatarAsiddha aura kucha ubhayAsiddha hote haiM / vAdI jaba taka pramANake dvArA apane hetuko prativAdIke lie siddha nahIM kara detA, tabataka vaha anyatarAsiddha kahA jA sakatA hai / (2) viruddha -- "anyathAbhAvAt" ( pramANasaM0 zlo0 48 ) - sAdhyAbhAvameM pAyA jAne vAlA / jaise- 'saba kSaNika haiM sat honese' yahA~ sattva hetu sarvathA kSaNikatvake vipakSI kathaJcit kSaNikatvameM pAyA jAtA hai /
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________________ jainadarzana ___ nyAyasAra (pR0 8 ) meM vidyamAnasapakSavAle cAra viruddha tathA avidyamAnasapakSavAle cAra viruddha isa taraha jina ATha viruddhoMkA varNana hai, ve saba vipakSameM avinAbhAva pAye jAneke kAraNa hI viruddha haiN| hetukA sapakSameM honA koI Avazyaka nahIM hai| ataH sapakSasattvake abhAvako viruddhatAkA niyAmaka nahIM mAna skte| kintu vipakSake sAtha usake avinAbhAvakA nizcita honA hI viruddhatAkA AdhAra hai / diGnAga AcAryane viruddhAvyabhicArI nAmakA bhI eka hetvAbhAsa mAnA hai / parasparavirodhI do hetuoMkA eka dharmImeM prayoga hone para prathama hetu viruddhAvyabhicArI ho jAtA hai| yaha saMzayahetu honese hetvAbhAsa hai| dharmakoti ne ise hetvAbhAsa nahIM mAnA hai| ve likhate haiM ki jisa hetukA rUpya pramANase prasiddha hai, usameM virodhI hetukA avasara hI nahIM hai / ataH yaha AgamAzrita hetuke viSayameM hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| zAstra atIndriya padArthoMkA pratipAdana karatA hai, ataH usameM eka hI vastu parasparavirodhI rUpameM varNita ho sakatI hai| ___ akalaMkadevane isa hetvAbhAsakA viruddhameM antarbhAva kiyA hai| jo hetu viruddhakA avyabhicArI-vipakSameM bhI rahane vAlA hai, vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa kI hI sImAmeM AtA hai| (3) anaikAntika-"vyabhicArI vipakSe'pi" (pramANasaM0 zlo0 46) -vipakSameM bhI pAyA jAnevAlA / yaha do prakArakA hai / eka nizcitAnakAntika-'jaise zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha prameya hai, ghaTakI taraha / ' yahA~ prameyatva hetu kA vipakSabhUta nitya AkAzameM pAyA jAnA nizcita hai / dUsarA sandigdhAnakAntikarja se 'sarvajJa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vaktA hai, rathyApuruSa1. 'nanu ca AcAryeNa viruddhAvyabhicAryapi sNshyheturuktH| sa iha noktaH, anumAnaviSaye'saMbhavAt |"-nyaaybi0 33112,113 //
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________________ 399 pramANAbhAsamImAMsA kI taraha / ' yahA~ vipakSabhUta sarvajJake sAtha vaktRtvakA koI virodha na honese vaktRtvahetu sandigdhAnakAntika hai| nyAyasAra ( pR0 10 ) AdimeM isake jina pakSatrayavyApaka, sapakSavipakSakadezavRtti Adi ATha bhedoMkA varNana hai, ve saba isImeM antarbhUta haiM / akalaMkadevane isa hetvAbhAsake lie sandigdha zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai| (4) akiJcitkara-siddha sAdhyameM aura pratyakSAdibAdhita sAdhyameM prayukta honevAlA hetu akiJcitkara hai| siddha aura pratyakSAdi bAdhita sAdhyake udAharaNa pakSAbhAsake prakaraNameM diye jA cuke haiM / anyathAnupapattise rahita jitane bhI vilakSaNa hetu haiM, ve saba akiJcitkara hai| ___ akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsakA nirdeza jainadArzanikoMmeM sarvaprathama akalaMkadevane kiyA hai, parantu unakA abhiprAya ise svatantra hetvAbhAsa mAnaneke viSayameM sudRr3ha nahIM mAlUma hotaa| ve eka jagaha likhate haiM ki sAmAnyase eka asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| vahI viruddha, asiddha aura sandigdhake bhedase aneka prakArakA hotA hai| ye viruddhAdi akiJcitkarake vistAra haiN| phira likhate haiM ki anyathAnupapattise rahita jitane vilakSaNa haiM, unheM akiJcitkara kahanA cAhiye / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve sAmAnyase hetvAbhAsoMkI akiJcitkara yA asiddha saMjJA rakhate the| ise svatantra hetvAbhAsa mAnanekA unakA prabala Agraha nahIM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya mANikyanandine akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsakA lakSaNa aura bheda kara cukane para bhI likhA hai ki 'isa akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsakA vicAra hetvAbhAsake lakSaNakAlameM hI karanA cAhiye / zAstrArthake samaya to isakA 1. 'siddhe'kiJcitkaro'khilaH |"-prmaannsN0 zlo0 49 / "siddhe pratyakSAdibAdhite ca sAdhye heturakiJcitkaraH |"-priikssaamukh 6 // 35 // 2. "lakSaNa evAsau dopaH, vyutpannaprayogasya pakSadoSeNaiva duSTatvAt / " -parIkSAmukha 639 //
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________________ 400 jainadarzana kArya pakSadoSase hI kiyA jA sakatA hai|' AcArya vidyAnandane bhI sAmAnyarUpase eka hetvAbhAsa kahakara asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntikako usIkA rUpAntara mAnA hai / unane bhI akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsake Upara bhAra nahIM diyA hai / vAdidevasUri Adi AcArya bhI hetvAbhAsa ke asiddha Adi tIna bheda hI mAnate haiM / dRSTAntAbhAsa : vyAptiko sampratipattikA sthAna dRSTAnta kahalAtA hai / dRSTAntameM sAdhya aura sAdhanakA nirNaya honA Avazyaka hai / jo dRSTAnta isa dRSTAntake lakSaNase rahita ho, kintu dRSTAnta ke sthAna meM upasthita kiyA gayA ho, vaha dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / diGnAgake nyAyapraveza ( pR0 5 - 6 ) meM dRSTAntAbhAsake sAdhanadharmAsiddha, sAdhyadharmAsiddha; ubhayadharmAsiddha, ananvaya, viparItAnvaya ye pA~ca sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa tathA sAdhyAvyAvRtta, sAdhanAvyAvRtta, ubhayAvyAvRtta, avyatireka aura viparItavyatireka ye pA~ca vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa isa taraha dasa dRSTAntAbhAsa batAye hai / inameM ubhayAsiddha nAmaka dRSTAntAbhAsake avAntara do bheda aura bhI dikhAye gaye haiM / ataH diGnAgake matase bAraha dRSTAntAbhAsa phalita hote hai / ' 'vaizeSikako bhI bAraha nidarzanAbhAsa hI iSTa hai / 'AcArya dharmakIrtine diGnAgake mUla dasa bhedoMmeM sandigdhasAdhyAnvaya, sandigdhasAdhanAnvaya, sandigdhaubhayAnvaya aura apradarzitAnvaya ye cAra sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyatireka, sandigdhasAdhanavyatireka, sandigdhobhavyatireka aura apradarzitavyatireka ina cAra vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsoMko milAkara kula aThAraha dRSTAntAbhAsa batalAye haiM / nyAyAvatAra ( ilo0 24-25 ) meM A0 siddhasenane 'sAdhyAdivikala tathA saMzaya' zabda dekara lagabhaga dhamakIrtisammata vistArakI ora hI saMketa kiyA hai / AcArya mANikyanandi ( parIkSAmukha 4 / 40-45 ) asiddhasAdhya, 1. praza0 bhA0 pR0 247 / 2. nyAyabi0 3 / 125-136 /
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________________ pramANAbhAsamImAMsA 401 asiddha-sAdhana, asiddhobhaya tathA viparItAnvaya ye cAra sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa tathA cAra hI vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa isa taraha kula ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa mAnate haiM / inhoMne 'asiddha' zabdase abhAva aura saMzaya donoMko le liyA hai / inane ananvaya aura apradarzitAnvayako bhI dRSTAnta-doSoMmeM zAmila nahIM kiyA hai| vAdidevasUri (pramANanaya0 6 / 60-79) dharmakIrtikI taraha aThAraha hI dRSTAntAbhAsa mAnate haiN| AcArya hemacandra ( pramANamo0 2 / 1 / 22-27 ) ananvaya aura avyatirekako svatantra doSa nahIM mAnakara dRSTAntAbhAsoMko saMkhyA solaha nirdhArita karate haiM / parIkSAmukhake anusAra ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa isa prakAra haiM :'zabda apauruSeya hai, amUrtika honese' isa anumAnameM indriyasukha, paramANu aura ghaTa ye dRSTAnta kramazaH asiddhasAdhya, asiddhasAdhana aura asiddhobhaya haiM, kyoMki indriyasukha pauruSeya hai, paramANu mUrtika hai tathA ghar3A pauruSeya bhI hai aura mUrtika bhI hai| 'jo amUrtika haiM, vaha apauruSeya haiM' aisA anvaya milAnA cAhiye, parantu 'jo apauruSeya hai vaha amUrtika hai' aisA viparItAnvaya milAnA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai, kyoMki bijalI Adi apauruSeya hokara bhI amUttika nahIM hai| ukta anumAnameM paramANu, indriyasukha aura AkAzakA dRSTAnta kramazaH asiddhasAdhyavyatireka, asiddha-sAdhana-vyatireka aura asiddhobhaya-vyatireka hai, kyoMki paramANu apauruSeya hai, indriyasukha amUrtika hai, aura AkAza apauruSeya aura amUrtika donoM hai / ataH inameM una-una dharmoMkA vyatireka asiddha hai / 'jo apauruSeya nahIM haiM, ve amUrtika nahIM haiM' aisA sAdhyAbhAvameM sAdhanAbhAvarUpa vyatireka dikhAyA jAnA cAhie parantu 'jo amUrtika nahIM hai, vaha apauruSeya nahIM haiM' isa prakArakA ulaTA vyatireka dikhAnA viparItavyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa hai, kyoMki vijalI Adise atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai| AcArya hemacandrake anusAra anya ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa
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________________ 402 jainadarzana ( 1 ) sandigdhasAdhyAnvaya -- jaise yaha puruSa rAgI hai, kyoMki vacana bolatA hai, rathyApuruSakI taraha / ( 2 ) sandigdhasAdhanAnvaya -- jaise yaha puruSa maraNadharmA hai, kyoMki yaha rAgI hai, rathyApuruSakI taraha / ( 3 ) sandigdhobhayadharmAnvaya - jaise yaha puruSa kiMcijjJa hai, kyoMki rAgI hai, rathyApuruSakI taraha / ina anumAnoMme cU~ki parakI cittavRttikA jAnanA atyanta kaThina hai, ataH rAga aura kiMcijjJatvakI sattA sandigdha hai / ( 4-6 ) isI taraha inhI anumAnome sAdhya - sAdhanabhUta rAga aura kicijjJatvakA vyatireka mandigdha honese sandigdhasAdhyavyatireka, sandigdhasAdhanavyatireka aura sandigdhobhayavyatireka nAmake vyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa ho jAte hai | ( 7 - 8 ) apradazitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka bhI dRSTAntAbhAsa hote hai, yadi vyAptikA grAhaka tarka upasthita na kiyA jAya / 'yathAvat tathA ' zrAdi zabdoM kA prayoga na hone kI vajahase kisIko dRSTAntAbhAsa nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki vyAptike sAdhaka pramANakI upasthitime ina zabdoM ke prayogakA koI mahattva nahI hai; aura ina zabdoMkA prayoga honepara bhI 'yadi vyAptisAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai, to ve nizcayase dRSTAntAbhAsa ho jAyeMge / vAdidevasUrine ananvaya aura avyatireka ina do dRSTAntAbhAsoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai, parantu AcArya hemacandra spaSTa likhate hai ki ye svatantra dRSTAntAbhAsa nahIM hai; kyoMki pUrvokta ATha-ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa ananvaya aura avyatirekake hI vistAra hai / udAharaNAmAsa : dRSTAntAbhAsake vacanako udAharaNAbhAsa kahate hai / udAharaNAbhAsameM vastugata doSa aura vacanagata doSa donoM zAmila ho sakate haiM / - ataH inheM
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________________ saMkhyAbhAsamImAMsA 403 udAharaNAbhAsa kahane para hI apradarzItAnvaya, viparItAnvaya, apradarzitavyatireka, viparIta vyatireka jaise vacanadoSoMkA saMgraha ho sakatA hai / dRSTAntA bhAsameM to kevala vastugata doSoMkA hI saMgraha honA nyAyya hai / bAlaprayogAbhAsa' : yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana bAlabuddhi ziSyoMke samajhAneke lie anumAnake avayavarUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye hai / jo adhikArI jitane avayavoMse samajhate haiM, unake lie unase kamakA prayoga bAlaprayogAbhAsa hogA / kyoMki jinheM jitane vAkyase samajhane kI Adata par3I huI hai, unhe usase kamakA bolanA aTapaTA lagegA aura unheM utane mAtrase spaSTa arthabodha bhI nahIM ho sakegA / AgamAbhAsa' : rAga, dveSa aura mohase yukta aprAmANika puruSake vacanoMse honevAlA jJAna mAgamAbhAsa hai / jaise - koI puruSa bacco ke upadravase taMga Akara unheM bhagAne kI icchAse kahe ki 'baccoM, nadIke kinAre laDDU baTa rahe hai daur3o / ' isI prakArake rAga-dveSa- mohaprayukta vAkya AgamAbhAsa kahe jAte hai / saMkhyAbhAsa : mukhyarUpase pramANa ke do bheda kiye gaye hai- eka pratyakSa aura dUsarA parokSa / isakA ullaMghana karanA arthAt eka, yA tIna Adi pramANa mAnanA "saMkhyAbhAsa hai; kyoMki eka pramANa mAnane para cArvAka pratyakSase hI paralokAdikA niSedha, parabuddhi AdikA jJAna, yahA~ taka ki svayaM pratyakSakI pramANatAkA samarthana bhI nahIM kara sktaa| ina kAryoMke lie use anumAna mAnanA hI par3egA / isI taraha bauddha, sAMkhya, naiyAyika, prAbhAkara aura 1. parIkSAmukha 6 / 46-50 / 2. parIkSAmukha 6 / 51-54 / 3. parIkSAmukha 6 / 55-60 /
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________________ 404 jainadarzana jaiminIya apane dvArA svIkRta do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca aura chaha pramANoMse vyAptikA jJAna nahIM kara skte| unheM vyAptigrAhI tarkako svatantra pramANa mAnanA hI cAhiye / isa taraha tarkako atirikta pramANa mAnane para unakI nizcita pramANa-saMkhyA bigar3a jAtI hai| naiyAyikake upamAnakA sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnameM, prabhAkarako arthApattikA anumAnameM aura jaiminIyake abhAva pramANakA yathAsambhava pratyakSAdi pramANoMmeM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| ataH yAvat vizadajJAnoMkA, jinameM ekadezavizada indriya aura mAnasa pratyakSa bhI zAmila hai, pratyakSapramANameM, tathA samasta avizadajJAnoMkA, jinameM smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama hai, parokSapramANameM antarbhAva karake pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do hI bheda svIkAra karanA caahiye| inake avAntara bheda bhI pratibhAsabheda aura AvazyakatAke AdhArase hI kiye jAne cAhiye / viSayAbhAsa: __eka hI sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha pramANakA viSaya hai, yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai| yadi kevala sAmAnya, kevala vizeSa yA sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoMko svatantra-svatantrarUpameM pramANakA viSaya mAnA jAtA hai, to ye saba viSayAbhAsa hai; kyoMki padArthakI sthiti sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka aura utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmakarUpameM hI upalabdha hotI hai ! pUrvaparyAyakA tyAga, uttaraparyAyakI utpatti aura dravyarUpase sthiti isa yAtmakatAke binA padArtha koI bhI arthakriyA nahIM kara sktaa| 'lokavyavasthA' Adi prakaraNoMmeM hama isakA vistArase varNana kara Aye hai| yadi sarvathA nitya sAmAnya AdirUpa padArtha arthakriyAkArI hoM, to samarthake lie kAraNAntaroMkI apekSA na honese samasta kAryoMkI utpatti ekasAtha ho jAnI cAhiye / 1. 'viSayAbhAsaH sAmAnya vizeSo dvayaM vA svatantram' / -parIkSAmukha 661-65 /
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________________ brahmavAdamImAMsA 405 1 aura yadi asamartha haiM; to kAryotpatti bilakula hI nahIM honI cAhiye / 'sahakArI kAraNoMke milane para kAryotpatti hotI hai' isakA sIdhA artha hai ki sahakArI usa kAraNako asAmarthyako haTAkara sAmarthya utpanna karate haiM aura isa taraha vaha utpAda aura vyayakA AdhAra bana jAtA hai / sarvathA kSaNika padArthameM dezakRta krama na honeke kAraNa kAryakAraNabhAva aura kramika kAryotpattikA nirvAha nahIM ho sakatA / pUrvakA uttarake sAtha koI vAstavika sthira sambandha na honese kAryakAraNabhAvamUlaka samasta jagatake vyavahAroMkA uccheda ho jAyagA / baddhako hI mokSa to taba ho sakatA hai jaba eka hI anusyUta citta prathama ba~dhe aura vahI chUTe / hiMsakako hI pApakA phala bhoganekA avasara taba A sakatA hai, jaba hiMsAkriyAse lekara phala bhogane taka usakA vAstavika astitva aura paraspara sambandha ho / ina viSayAbhAsoM meM brahmavAda aura zabdAdvaitavAda nitya padArthakA pratinidhitva karanevAlI upaniSaddhArAse nikale haiM / sAMkhyakA eka pradhAna arthAt prakRtivAda bhI kevala sAmAnyavAdameM AtA hai / pratikSaNa padArthoMkA vinAza mAnanA aura paraspara vizakalita kSaNika paramANuoMkA puJja mAnanA kevala vizeSavAdameM sammilita hai / tathA sAmAnyako svatantra padArtha aura dravya, guNa, karma Adi vizeSoMko pRthak svatantra padArtha mAnanA paraspara nirapekSa ubhayavAda meM zAmila hai / brahmavAdavicAra : vedAntIkA pUrvapakSa: vedAntI jagatameM kevala eka brahmako hI sat mAnate / vaha kUTastha nitya aura aparivartanazIla hai / vaha sat rUpa hai / 'hai' yaha astitva hI usa mahAsattA kA sabase prabala sAdhaka pramANa hai / cetana aura acetana jitane bhI bheda haiM, ve saba isa brahmake pratibhAsamAtra haiM / unakI sattA 1. 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma' - chAndo0 3|14|1 |
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________________ 406 jainadarzana prAtibhAsika yA vyAvahArika hai, pAramArthika nahIM / jaise eka agAdha samudra vAyuke vegase aneka prakArakI bocI, taraMga, phena, budbuda Adi rUpoM meM pratibhAsita hotA hai, usI taraha eka sat brahma avidyA yA mAyAkI vajahase aneka jar3a-cetana, jIvAtmA-paramAtmA aura ghaTa-paTa Adi rUpase pratibhAsita hotA hai / yaha to dRSTi-sRSTi hai / avidyAke kAraNa apanI pRthak sattA anubhava karanevAlA prANI avidyA meM hI baiThakara apane saMskAra aura vAsanAoMke anusAra jagatako aneka prakArake bheda aura prapaJcake rUpameM dekhatA hai / eka hI padArtha aneka prANiyoMko apanI-apanI vAsanA - dUSita dRSTike anusAra vibhinna rUpoMmeM dikhAI detA hai / avidyAke haTa jAne para sat, cit aura AnandarUpa brahma meM laya ho jAne para samasta prapaMcoMse rahita nirvikalpa brahma-sthiti prApta hotI hai / jisa prakAra vizuddha AkAzako timirarogI aneka prakArakI citra-vicitra rekhAoMse khacita aura citrita dekhatA hai, usI taraha avidyA yA mAyAke kAraNa eka hI brahma aneka prakArake deza, kAla aura AkArake bhedoMse bhinnakI taraha citra-vicitra pratibhAsita hotA hai / jo bhI jagatameM thA, hai aura hogA vaha saba brahma hI hai / yahI brahma samasta vizvakI utpatti, sthiti aura pralayameM usI taraha kAraNa hotA hai, jisa prakAra makar3I apane jAlake lie, candrakAntamaNi jalake lie aura vaTa vRkSa apane prarohoMke lie kAraNa hotA hai / jitanA bhI bheda hai, vaha saba atAttvika aura jhUThA hai / 1. 'yathA vizuddhamAkAzaM timiropapluto janaH / saMkIrNamiva mAtrAbhizcitrAbhirabhimanyate // tathedamamalaM brahma nirvikAramavidyayA / kaluSatvamivApannaM bhedarUpaM prapazyati // - bRhadA0 bhA0 vA0 3 / 5 / 43-44 | 2. 'yathorNanAbhiH sRjate gRhate ca ..... ' - muNDakopa0 1117 |
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________________ brahmavAdamImAMsA 407 yadyapi 'AtmazravaNa, manana aura dhyAnAdi bhI bhedarUpa honeke kAraNa avidyAtmaka hai, phira bhI unase vidyAkI prApti saMbhava hai / jaise dhUlise gaMdale pAnImeM katakaphala yA phiTakarIkA cUrNa, jo ki svayaM bhI dhUlirUpa hI hai, DAlane para eka dhUli dUsarI dhUliko zAnta kara detI hai aura svayaM bhI zAnta hokara jalako svaccha avasthAme pahueNcA detI hai / athavA jaise eka viSa dUsare viSako nAzakara niroga avasthAko prApta karA detA hai, usI taraha AtmazravaNa manana AdirUpa avidyA bhI rAga-dveSa- moha AdirUpa mUlaavidyAko naSTa kara svagatabhedake zAnta honepara nirvikalpa svarUpAvasthA prApta ho jAtI hai / atAttvika anAdikAlIna avidyAke ucchedake lie hI mumukSuoMkA prayatna hotA hai / yaha avidyA tattvajJAnakA prAgabhAva hai / ataH anAdi honepara bhI usakI nivRtti usI taraha ho jAtI hai jisa prakAra ki ghaTadi kAryokI utpatti honepara unake prAgabhAvoM kI / isa brahmakA grAhaka sanmAtragrAhI nirvikalpaka pratyakSa hai / vaha mUka baccoMke jJAnakI taraha zuddha vastujanya aura zabdasamparkase zUnya nirvikalpa hotA hai / 'avidyA brahmase bhinna hai yA abhinna' ityAdi vicAra bhI aprastuta hai, kyoMki ye vicAra vastusparzI hote haiM aura avidyA hai avastu | kisI bhI vicArako sahana nahIM karanA hI avidyAkA avidyAtva hai / 1. 'yathA payo payo'ntaraM jarayati svayaM ca jIryati; yathA viSaM viSAntaraM zamayati svayaM ca zAmyati, yathA vA kanakarajo rajo'ntarAvile pAthasi prakSiptaM rajo'ntarANi bhindat svayamapi bhidyamAnamanAvilaM pAthaH karoti, evaM karma avidyAtmakamapi avidyAntarANi apagamayat svayamapyapagacchatIti / ' - brahmasU0 zAM0 bhA0 bhA0 pR0 32 / 2. 'avidyAyA avidyAtve idameva ca lakSaNam / mAnAghAtAsahiSNutvamasAdhAraNamiSyate // ' - sambandhavA0 kA0 181 /
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________________ 408 jainadarzana jainakA uttarapakSa: kintu, pratyakSasiddha Thosa aura tAttvika jar3a aura cetana padArthoMkA mAtra avidyAke havAI prahArase niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vijJAnakI prayogazAlAoMne ananta jar3a paramANuoMkA pRthak tAttvika astitva siddha kiyA hI hai| tumhArA kalpita brahma hI una tathya aura satyasAdhaka prayoga zAlAoMmeM siddha nahIM ho sakA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki hama apanI zabdasaMketako vAsanAke anusAra kisI paramANusamudAyako ghaTa, ghar3A, kalaza Adi aneka zabdasaMketoMse vyakta kareM aura isa vyaktikaraNakI apanI sImita maryAdA bhI ho, para itane mAtrase una paramANuoMko sattAse aura paramANuoMse bane hue viziSTa AkAravAle Thosa padArthoMkI sattAse inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| svatantra, vajanavAle aura apane guNadharmoke akhaNDa AdhArabhUta una paramANuoMke vyaktitvakA abhedagAminI dRSTike dvArA vilaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| una sabameM abhinna sattAkA darzana hI kAlpanika hai| jaise ki apanI pRthak pRthak sattA rakhanevAle chAtroMke samudAyameM sAmAjika bhAvanAse kalpita kiyA gayA eka 'chAtramaNDala' mAtra vyavahArasatya hai, vaha samajha aura samajhauteke anusAra saMgaThita aura vighaTita bhI kiyA jAtA hai, usakA vistAra aura saMkoca bhI hotA hai aura antataH usakA bhAvanAke sivAya vAstavika koI Thosa astitva nahIM hai, usI taraha eka 'sat sat' ke AdhArase kalpita kiyA gayA abheda apanI sImAoMmeM saMghaTita aura vighaTita hotA rahatA hai / isa eka satkA hI astitva vyAvahArika aura prAtibhAsika hai, na ki ananta cetana dravyoM aura ananta acetana prmaannuoNkaa| asaMkhya prayatna karanepara bhI jagatake raMgamaJcase eka bhI paramANakA astitva nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| ___ dRSTisRSTi to usa zatumurga jaisI bAta hai jo apanI A~khoMko banda karake gardana nIcI kara samajhatA hai ki jagatameM kucha nahIM hai| apanI A~kheM kholane yA banda karanese jagatake astitva yA nAstitvakA
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________________ brahmavAdamImAMsA 409 koI sambandha nahIM hai| A~kheM banda karanA aura kholanA apratibhAsa, pratibhAsa yA vicitra pratibhAsase sambandha rakhatA hai, na ki vijJAnasiddha kAryakAraNaparamparAse pratibaddha padArthoMke astitvase / kisI svayaMsiddha padArthameM vibhinna rAgI, dveSI aura mohI puruSoMke dvArA kI jAnevAlI iSTaaniSTa, acchI-burI, hita-ahita Adi kalpanAe~ bhale hI dRSTi-sRSTikI sImAmeM AveM aura unakA astitva usa vyaktike pratibhAsa taka hI sImita ho aura vyAvahArika ho, para usa padArthakA aura usake rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi vAstavika guNa-dharmokA astitva apanA svayaM hai, kisIkI dRSTine usakI sRSTi nahIM kI hai aura na kisIkI vAsanA yA rAgase unakI utpatti huI hai / bheda vastuoMmeM svAbhAvika hai| vaha na kevala manupyoMko hI, kintu saMsArake pratyeka prANIko apane-apane pratyakSa jJAnoMmeM svataH pratibhAsita hotA hai / ananta prakArake viruddhadharmAdhyAsoMse siddha deza, kAla aura AkArakRta bheda padArthoMke nijI svarUpa hai| balki carama abheda hI kalpanAkA viSaya hai| usakA patA taba taka nahIM lagatA jabataka koI vyakti usakI sImA aura paribhASAko na samajhA de| abhedamUlaka saMgaThana banate aura bigar3ate hai, jaba ki bheda apanI sthirabhUmipara jaisA hai, vaisA hI rahatA hai, na vaha banatA hai aura na vaha bigar3atA hai| __ Ajake vijJAnane apanI prayogazAlAoMse yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki jagatake pratyeka aNu-paramANu apanA pRthak astitva rakhate haiM aura sAmagrIke anusAra unameM anekavidha parivartana hote rahate haiN| lAkha prayatna karane para bhI kisI paramANukA astitva nahIM miTAyA jA sakatA aura na koI dravya nayA utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha sArI jagatakI lIlA unhIM paramANuoMke nyUnAdhika saMyoga-viyogajanya vicitra pariNamanoMke kAraNa ho rahI hai| ___ yadi eka hI brahmakA jagatameM mUlabhUta astitva ho aura ananta jIvAtmA kalpita bhedake kAraNa hI pratibhAsita hote hoM; to paraspara
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________________ 410 jainadarzana viruddha sadAcAra, durAcAra Adi kriyAoMse honevAlA puNya-pApakA bandha aura unake phala sukha-duHkha Adi nahIM bana sakeMge / jisa prakAra eka zarIrameM sira se paira taka sukha aura duHkhakI anubhUti akhaNDa hotI hai, bhale hI phor3A paira meM hI huA ho, yA per3A mukhameM hI khAyA gayA ho, usI taraha samasta prANiyoM meM yadi mUlabhUta eka brahmakA hI sadbhAva hai to akhaNDabhAvase sabako eka jaisI sukha-duHkhako anubhUti honI cAhiye thI / eka anirvacanIya avidyA yA mAyAkA sahArA lekara ina jalate hue praznoMko nahIM sulajhAyA jA sakatA / brahmako jagatakA upAdAna kahanA isalie asaMgata hai, ki eka hI upAdAnase vibhinna sahakAriyoMke milane para bhI jar3a aura cetana, mUrtta aura aura amUrta jaise atyanta virodhI kArya utpanna nahIM ho skte| eka upAdAnajanya kAryoMmeM ekarUpatAkA anvaya avazya dekhA jAtA hai / 'brahma krIr3Ake lie jagatako utpanna karatA hai' yaha kahanA eka prakArakI khilavAr3a hai / jaba brahmase bhinna koI dayA karane yogya prANI hI nahIM haiM; taba vaha kisa para dayA karake bhI jagatako utpanna karanekI bAta socatA hai ? aura jaba brahma se bhinna avidyA vAstavika hai hI nahIM; taba AtmazravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana Adike dvArA kisakI nivRtti kI jAtI hai ? avidyAko tattvajJAnakA prAgabhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; kyoMki yadi vaha sarvathA abhAvarUpa hai, to bhedajJAnarUpI kArya utpanna nahIM kara sakegI ? eka viSa svayaM sat hokara, pUrva viSako, jo ki svayaM sat hokara hI mUrcchAdi kArya kara rahA thA, zAnta kara sakatA haiM aura use zAnta kara svayaM bhI zAnta ho sakatA hai / isameM do sat padArthoMmeM hI bAdhyabAdhakabhAva siddha hotA hai / jJAnameM vidyAtva yA avidyAtvako vyavasthA bheda yA abhedako grahaNa karaneke kAraNa nahIM hai / yaha vyavasthA to saMvAda aura visaMvAdase hotI hai aura saMvAda abhedakI taraha bhedameM bhI nirvivAda rUpase dekhA jAtA hai / avidyAko bhinnAbhinnAdi vicAroMse dUra rakhanA bhI ucita nahIM hai;
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________________ 411 brahmavAdamImAMsA kyoMki itaretarAbhAva Adi avastu honepara bhI bhinnAbhinnAdi vicAroMke viSaya hote haiM, tathA gur3a aura mizrIke paraspara miThAsakA tAratamya vastu hokara bhI vicArakA viSaya nahIM ho paataa| ataH pratyakSasiddha bhedakA lopa kara kAlpanika abhedake AdhArase paramArtha brahmakI kalpanA karanA vyavahAraviruddha to hai hI, pramANa-viruddha bhI hai| hAM, pratyeka dravya apanemeM advaita hai / vaha apanI guNa aura paryAyoMmeM aneka prakArase bhAsamAna hotA hai; kintu yahA~ yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki ve guNa aura paryAyarUpa bheda dravyameM vAstavika hai, kevala prAtibhAsika aura kAlpanika nahIM hai| dravya svayaM apane utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya svabhAvake kAraNa una-una paryAyoMke rUpase pariNata hotA hai| ataH eka dravyameM advaita hokara bhI bhedakI sthiti utanI hI satya hai jitanI ki abhedkii| paryAyeM bhI dravyakI taraha vastusat hai; kyoMki ve usako paryAyeM hai / yaha ThIka hai ki sAdhanA karate samaya yogIko dhyAna-kAlameM aisI nirvikalpa avasthA prApta ho sakatI hai, jisameM jagatke ananta bheda yA svaparyAyagata bheda bhI pratibhAsita na hokara mAtra advaita AtmAkA sAkSAtkAra ho, para itane mAtrase jagatkI sattAkA lopa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| __'jagata kSaNabhaMgura hai, saMsAra svapna hai, mithyA hai, gaMdharvanagarakI taraha pratibhAsamAtra hai' ityAdi bhAvanAeM hai| inase cittako bhAvita karake usakI pravRttiko jagatake viSayoMse haTAkara Atmalona kiyA jAtA hai / bhAvanAoMse tattvako vyavasthA nahIM hotii| usake lie to sunizcita kAryakAraNabhAvakI paddhati aura tanmUlaka prayoga hI apekSita hote haiM / jainAcArya bhI anitya bhAvanAmeM saMsArako mithyA aura svapnavat asatya kahate hai| para usakA prayojana kevala vairAgya aura upekSAvRttiko jAgRta karanA hai| ataH bhAvanAoMke balase tattvajJAnake yogya cittakI bhUmikA taiyAra honepara bhI tattvavyavasthAmeM usake upayoga karanekA mithyA krama chor3a hI denA caahiye|
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________________ 412 jainadarzana 'eka hI brahmake saba aMza haiM, parasparakA bheda jhUThA hai, ataH sabako milakarake premapUrvaka rahanA cAhiye' isa prakArake udAra uddezyase brahmavAdake samarthanakA DhaMga kevala audAryake prakArakA kalpita sAdhana ho sakatA hai| Ajake bhAratIya dArzanika yaha kahate nahIM aghAte ki 'darzanakI carama kalpanAkA vikAsa advaitavAdame ho ho sakatA hai|' to kyA darzana kevala kalpanAkI daur3a hai ? yadi darzana mAtra kalpanAkI sImAmeM hI khelanA cAhatA hai, to samajha lenA cAhiye ki vijJAnake isa susambaddha kAryakAraNabhAvake yugameM usakA koI viziSTa sthAna nahIM rahane paaygaa| Thosa vastukA AdhAra chor3akara kevala dimAgI kasaratameM par3e rahaneke kAraNa hI Aja bhAratIyadarzana aneka virodhAbhAsoMkA ajAyabaghara banA huA hai| darzanakA kevala yahI kAma thA ki vaha svayaMsiddha padArthokA samucita vargIkaraNa karake unako vyAkhyA karatA, kintu usane prayojana aura upayogakI dRSTise padArthokA kAlpanika nirmANa hI zurU kara diyA hai ! vibhinna pratyayoke AdhArase padArthokI pRthak-pRthak sattA mAnanekA krama hI galata hai| eka hI padArthameM avasthAbhedase vibhinna pratyaya ho sakate hai| 'eka jAtikA honA' aura 'eka honA' bilkula judI bAta hai / 'sarvatra 'sat sat' aisA pratyaya honeke kAraNa sanmAtra eka tattva hai|' yaha vyavasthA denA na kevala nirI kalpanA hI hai, kintu pratyakSAdise bAdhita bhI hai / do padArtha vibhinnasattAka hote hue bhI sAdRzyake kAraNa samAnapratyayake viSaya ho sakate hai / padArthokA vargIkaraNa sAyake kAraNa 'eka jAtika' ke rUpame yadi hotA hai to isakA artha yaha kadApi nahIM ho sakatA ki ve saba padArtha "eka hI' hai| ananta jar3a paramANuoMko sAmAnyalakSaNase eka pudgaladravya yA ajIvadravya jo kahA jAtA hai vaha jAtiko apekSA hai, vyaktiyA~ to apanA pRthak-pRthak sattA rakhane vAlI judI-judI hI hai| isI taraha ananta jar3a aura ananta cetana
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________________ brahmavAdamImAMsA 413 padArthoMko eka dravyatvakI dRSTise eka kahanepara bhI unakA apanA pRthak vyaktitva samApta nahIM ho jAtA / isI taraha dravya, guNa, paryAya Adiko eka sat kI dRSTise sanmAtra kahanepara bhI unake dravya aura dravyAMza rUpake astitvameM koI bAghA nahIM AnI cAhiye / ye saba kalpanAe~ sAdRzya-mUlaka hai, na ki ekatva - mUlaka / ekatva-mUlaka abheda to pratyeka dravyakA apane guNa aura paryAyoMke sAtha hI ho sakatA hai vaha apanI kAlakramase honevAlI ananta paryAyoMkI eka avicchinna dhArA hai, jo sajAtIya aura vijAtIya dravyAntaroMse asaMkrAnta rahakara anAdi ananta pravAhita hai / isa taraha pratyeka dravyakA advaita tAttvika aura pAramArthika hai, kintu ananta akhaNDa dravyoMkA : sat' isa sAmAnyadRSTise kiyA jAnevAlA sAdRzyamUlaka saMgaThana kAlpanika aura vyAvahArika hI hai, pAramArthika nahIM / amuka bhU-khaNDakA nAma amuka deza rakhanepara bhI vaha deza koI dravya nahIM bana jAtA aura na usakA manuSyake bhAvoMke atirikta koI bAhyameM pAramArthika sthAna hI hai / 'senA, vana' ityAdi saMgraha-mUlaka vyavahAra zabdaprayogakI sahajatAke lie hai; na ki inake pAramArthika astitva sAdhanake lie | ataH advaitako kalpanAkA caramavikAsa kahakara khuza honA svayaM usakI vyavahArika aura prAtibhAsika sattAko ghoSita karanA hai / hama vaijJAnika prayoga karanepara bhI do paramANuoMko ananta kAlake lie avibhAgI ekadravya nahIM banA sakate, yAnI ekakI sattAkA lopa vijJAnakI bhaTTI bhI nahIM kara sakatI / tAtparya yaha hai ki dimAgI kalpanAoMko padArthavyavasthAkA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / yaha ThIka hai ki hama pratibhAsake binA padArthakA astitva dUsareko na samajhA sakeM aura na svayaM samajha sakeM, parantu itane mAtrase usa padArthako 'pratibhAsasvarUpa' hI to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ? aMdheremeM yadi binA
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________________ 414 jainadarzana prakAzake hama ghaTAdi padArthoMko nahIM dekha sakate aura na dUsaroMko dikhA sakate hai to usakA yaha artha kadApi nahI ho sakatA ki ghaTAdi padArtha 'prakAzarUpa' hI hai| padArthoko apane kAraNoMse apanI-apano svatantra sattAe~ hai aura prakAzako apane kAraNoMse / phira bhI jaise donoMmeM prakAzyaprakAzakabhAva hai usI taraha pratibhAsa aura padArthomeM pratibhAsya-pratibhAsakabhAva hai| donoMkI eka sattA kadApi nahIM ho sktii| ataH parama kAlpanika saMgrahanayako dRSTise samasta jagatake padArthoko eka 'sat' bhale hI kaha diyA jAya, para yaha kahanA usI taraha eka kAlpanika zabdasaMketamAtra hai, jisa taraha duniyA~ke ananta AmoMko eka Ama zabdase khnaa| jagatakA hara padArtha apane vyaktitvake lie saMgharSa karatA dikhAI de rahA hai aura prakRtikA niyama alpakAlake lie usake astitvako dUsarese sambaddha karake bhI use antame svatantra hI rahanekA vidhAna karatA hai| jar3aparamANuoMme isa sambandhakA silasilA parasparasaMyogake kAraNa banatA aura bigar3atA rahatA hai, parantu cetanatattvoMme isakI bhI saMbhAvanA nahI hai / sabakI apanIapanI anubhUtiyAM, vAsanAe~ aura prakRtiyAM judI-judo hai| uname samAnatA ho sakatI hai, ekatA nhiiN| isa taraha ananta bhedoMke bhaNDArabhUta isa vizvame eka advaitakI bAta sundara kalpanAse adhika mahattva nahI rkhto| __jaina darzaname isa prakArako kalpanAoMko saMgrahanayameM sthAna dekara bhI eka zarta lagA dI hai ki koI bhI naya apane pratipakSI nayase nirapekSa hokara satya nahIM ho sktaa| yAnI bhedase nirapekSa abheda paramArthasatkI padavIpara nahIM pahuMca sktaa| use yaha kahanA hI hogA ki 'ina svayaM siddha bhedoMmeM isa dRSTi se abheda kahA jA sakatA hai|' jo naya pratipakSI nayake viSayakA nirAkaraNa karake ekAntako ora jAtA hai vaha durnaya hainayAbhAsa hai / ataH sanmAtra advaita saMgrahanayakA viSaya nahIM hotA, kintu saMgrahanayAbhAsakA viSaya hai|
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________________ zabdAdvaitavAdamImAMsA 415 zabdAdvaitavAdasamIkSA: pUrvapakSa: 'bhartRhari Adi vaiyAkaraNa jagatameM mAtra eka 'zabda' ko paramArtha sat kahakara samasta vAcya-vAcakatattvako usI zabdabrahmako vivarta mAnate haiN| yadyapi upaniSadameM zabdabrahma aura parabrahmakA varNana AtA hai aura usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zabdabrahmameM niSNAta vyakti parabrahmako prApta karatA hai| inakA kahanA hai ki saMsArake samasta jJAna zabdAnuviddha hI anubhavameM Ate haiN| yadi pratyayoMmeM zabdasaMsparza na ho to unakI prakAzarUpatA hI samApta ho jaaygii| jJAnameM vAgarUpatA zAzvatI hai aura vahI usakA prANa hai / saMsArakA koI bhI vyavahAra zabdake binA nahIM hotaa| avidyAke kAraNa saMsArameM nAnA prakArakA bheda-prapaJca dikhAI detA hai| vastutaH sabhI usI zabdabrahmakI hI paryAyeM hai / jaise eka hI jala vIcI, taraMga, badabada aura phena Adike AkArako dhAraNa karatA hai, usI taraha eka hI zabdabrahma vAcya-vAcakarUpase kAlpanika bhedoMmeM vibhAjita-sA dikhatA hai / bheda DAlanevAlI avidyAke nAza hone para samasta prapaJcoMse rahita nirvikalpa zabdabrahmako pratIti ho jAtI hai| uttarapakSa: kintu isa zabdabrahmavAdako prakriyA usI taraha dUSita hai, jisa prakAra ki pUrvokta brhmaadvaitvaadko| yaha ThIka hai ki zabda, jJAnake prakAza karanekA eka samartha mAdhyama hai aura dUsare taka apane bhAvoM aura vicAroMko binA zabdake nahIM bhejA jA sktaa| para isakA yaha artha nahIM ho sakatA ki jagatameM eka zabdatattva hI hai| koI bUr3hA lAThIke binA nahIM cala sakatA 1. 'anAdinidhanaM zabdabrahmatattvaM yadakSaram / vivartate'rthabhAvena prakriyA jagato yataH ||'-vaakyp0 111 / / 2. 'zabdabrahmaNi niSNAtaH paraM brahmAdhigacchati |-brhmbinduup0 22 /
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________________ 416 jainadarzana to bUr3hA, lAThI, gati aura jamIna saba lAThIkI paryAyeM to nahIM ho sakatIM ? aneka pratibhAsa aise hote haiM jinheM zabdako svalpa zakti sparza bhI nahIM kara sakatI aura asaMkhya padArtha aise par3e hue haiM jina taka manuSyakA saMketa aura usake dvArA prayukta honevAle zabda nahIM pahu~ca pAye hai / ghaTAdi padArthoMko koI jAne, yA na jAne, unake vAcaka zabdakA prayoga kare, yA na kare; para unakA apanA astitva zabda aura jJAnake abhAvameM bhI hai hI / zabdarahita padArtha A~khase dikhAI detA hai aura artharahita zabda kAnase sunAI detA hai / yadi zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya ho, to agni, patthara, churA Adi zabdoM ko sunanese zrotrakA dAha, abhighAta aura chedana Adi honA cAhiye / zabda aura artha bhinna deza, bhinna kAla aura bhinna AkAravAle hokara eka dUsarese nirapekSa vibhinna indriyoMse gRhIta hote haiM / ataH unameM tAdAtmya mAnanA yukti aura anubhava donoMse viruddha hai / jagatakA vyavahAra kevala zabdAtmaka hI to nahIM hai ? anya saMketa, sthApanA Adike dvArA bhI saikar3oM vyavahAra calate haiM / ataH zAbdika vyavahAra zabdake binA na bhI hoM; para anya vyavahAroMke calanemeM kyA vAdhA hai ? yadi zabda aura artha abhinna haiM; to aMdheko zabda sunanepara rUpa dikhAI denA cAhiye aura bahareko rUpake dikhAI denepara zabda sunAI denA cAhiye / zabdase arthakI utpatti kahanA yA zabdakA artharUpase pariNamana mAnanA vijJAnasiddha kAryakAraNabhAvake sarvathA pratikUla hai / zabda tAlu Adike abhighAtase utpanna hotA hai aura ghaTAdi padArtha apane-apane kAraNoMse / svayaMsiddha donoMmeM saMketake anusAra vAcya vAcakabhAva bana jAtA hai / jo upaniSadvAkya zabdabrahmakI siddhi ke liye diyA jAtA hai, usakA sodhA artha to yaha ki do vidyAe~ jagatameM upAdeya haiM - eka zabdavidyA aura dUsarI brahmavidyA / zabdavidyAmeM niSNAta vyaktiko brahmavidyAkI 1. 'dve vidye veditavye zabdabrahma paraM ca yat / ' - brahmabindU0 22 /
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________________ zabdAdvaitavAdamImAMsA 417 prApti sahajame ho sakatI hai| isameM zabdajJAna aura AtmajJAnakA utpattikrama batAyA gayA hai, na ki jagatameM 'mAtra eka zabda tattva haiM, isa pratItiviruddha avyAvahArika siddhAntakA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| sIdhI-sI bAta hai ki sAdhakako pahale zabdavyavahArameM kuzalatA prApta karanI cAhiye, tabhI vaha zabdoMkI ulajhanase Upara uThakara yathArtha tattvataka pahu~ca sakatA hai / avidyA aura mAyAke nAmase sunizcita kAryakAraNabhAvamUlaka jagata ke vyavahAroMko aura ghaTapaTAdi bhedoMko kAlpanika aura amatya isalie nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA ki svayaM avidyA jaba bhedapratibhAsarUpa yA bhedapratibhAsarUpI kAryako utpanna karanevAlI honeme vastusat siddha ho jAtI hai, taba vaha svayaM pRthak mat hokara usa advaitakI vighAtaka banatI / niSkarSa yaha ki avidyAkI taraha anya ghaTapaTAdibhedoMko vastumat honeme kyA bAdhA hai ? sarvathA nitya zabdabrahmase na to kAryokI kramika utpatti ho sakatI hai aura na usakA kramika pariNamana ho; kyoMki nitya padArtha madA ekarUpa, avikArI aura mamartha honeke kAraNa kramika kArya yA pariNamanakA AdhAra nahIM ho sakatA / sarvathA nityame pariNamana kaisA ? zabdabrahma jaba artharUpase pariNamana karatA hai, taba yadi zabdarUpatAko chor3a detA hai, to sarvathA nitya kahA~ rahA ? yadi nahIM chor3atA hai, to zabda aura artha donoMkA eka indriyake dvArA grahaNa honA cAhiye / eka zabdAkArase anusyUta honeke kAraNa jagatake samasta pratyayoM ko ekajAtivAlA yA samAnajAtivAlA to kaha sakate haiM, para eka nhiiN| jaise ki eka miTTIke AkArase anusyUta honeke kAraNa ghaTa, surAho, makorA Adiko miTTIkI jAtikA aura miTTI se vanA huA ho to kahA jAtA hai, na ki ina sabakI eka sattA sthApita kI jA sakatI hai / jagatakA pratyeka padArtha samAna aura asamAna donoM dharmokA AdhAra hotA hai / samAna dharmokI dRSTise unameM 27
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________________ 418 jainadarzana 'eka jAtika' vyavahAra honepara bhI apane vyaktigata asAdhAraNa svabhAvake kAraNa unakA svatantra astitva rahatA hI hai| prANoMko annamaya kahanekA artha yaha nahIM hai ki anna aura prANa eka vastu hai| vizuddha AkAzameM timira-rogIko jo aneka prakArakI rekhAoMkA mithyA bhAna hotA hai, usameM mithyA-pratibhAsakA kAraNa timiraroga vAstavika hai, tabhI vaha vastusat AkAzameM vastusat rogIko mithyA pratIti karAtA hai| isI taraha yadi bhedapratibhAsako kAraNabhUta avidyA vastusat mAnI jAtI hai; to zabdAdvaitavAda apane Apa samApta hai / ataH zuSka kalpanAke kSetrase nikalakara darzanazAstrameM hameM svasiddha padArthoMkI vijJAnAviruddha vyAkhyA karanI cAhiye, na ki kalpanAke AdhArase naye-naye padArthoM kI sRSTi / 'sabhI jJAna zabdAnvita hoM hI' yaha bhI aikAntika niyama nahIM hai; kyoMki bhASA aura saMketase anabhijJa vyaktiko padArthoM kA pratibhAsa hone para bhI tadvAcaka zabdoMkI yojanA nahIM ho paatii| ataH zabdAdvaitavAda bhI pratyakSAdise bAdhita hai| sAMkhyake 'pradhAna' sAmAnyavAdakI mImAMsA : pUrvapakSa: sAMkhya mUlameM do tattva mAnate haiM / eka prakRti aura dUsarA puruSa / puruSatattva vyApaka, niSkriya, kUTastha, nitya aura jJAnAdipariNAmase zUnya kevala cetana hai| yaha puruSatattva ananta hai, sabakI apanI-apanI svatantra sattA hai| prakRti, jise pradhAna bhI kahate haiM, pariNAmI-nitya hai| isameM eka avasthA tirohita hokara dUsarI avasthA AvirbhUta hotI hai| yaha eka hai, triguNAtmaka hai, viSaya hai, sAmAnya hai aura mahAn Adi vikAroMko 1. "triguNamaviveki viSayaH sAmAnyamacetanaM prasavadharmi / vyaktaM tathA pradhAnaM tadviparItastathA ca pumAn // " -sAMkhyakA0 11 /
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________________ sAMkhyatattvamImAMsA 419 utpanna karatI hai| kAraNarUpa pradhAna 'avyakta' kahA jAtA hai aura kAryarUpa 'vyakta' / 'isa pradhAnase, jo ki vyApaka, niSkriya aura eka hai, sabase pahale viSayako nizcaya karanevAlI buddhi utpanna hotI hai| ise mahAn kahate haiN| mahAnse 'maiM sundara hU~, maiM darzanIya hU~' ityAdi ahaMkAra paidA hotA hai / ahaMkArase zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha ye pA~ca tanmAtrAe~; sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ye pA~ca jJAnendriyA~; vacana, hAtha, paira, malasthAna aura mUtrasthAna ye pAMca karmendriyA~ tathA mana isa prakAra solaha gaNa paidA hote hai| inameM zabdatanmAtrAse AkAza, sparzatanmAtrAse vAyu, rasatanmAtrAse jala, rUpatanmAtrAse agni aura gandhatanmAtrAse pRthvI isa prakAra pAMca mahAbhUta utpanna hote haiN| prakRtise utpanna honevAle mahAn Adi teIsa vikAra prakRtike hI pariNAma haiM aura utpattike pahale prakRtirUpa kAraNameM inakA sadbhAva hai / isIlie sAMkhya satkAryavAdI mAne jAte haiM / isa satkAryavAdako siddha karaneke lie nimnalikhita pAMca hetu diye jAte haiM : (1) koI bhI asatkArya paidA nahIM hotaa| yadi kAraNameM kArya asat ho, to vaha kharaviSANakI taraha utpanna hI nahIM ho sktaa| (2) yadi kArya asat hotA, to loga pratiniyata upAdAna kAraNoMkA grahaNa kyoM karate ? kodoMke aMkurake lie kodoMke bIjakA boyA jAnA aura caneke bIjakA na boyA jAnA, isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki kAraNameM kArya sata hai| (3) yadi kAraNameM kArya asat hai, to sabhI kAraNoMse sabhI kArya utpanna honA cAhiye the| lekina sabase saba kArya utpanna nahIM hote / 1. "prakRtermahAn tato'haGkAraH tasmAd gaNazca SoDazakaH / tasmAdapi SoDazakAt paJcabhyaH paJca bhUtAni // " -sAMkhyakA0 32 / 2. saaNkhykaa09|
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________________ 420 jainadarzana ataH jJAta hotA hai ki jinase jo utpanna hote hai unameM una kAryoMkA sadbhAva hai| (4) pratiniyata kAraNoMkI pratiniyata kAryake utpanna karanemeM hI zakti dekhI jAtI hai| samartha bhI hetu zakyakriya kAryako hI utpanna karate hai, azakyako nhiiN| jo azakya hai vaha zakyakriya ho hI nahIM sktaa| (5) jagatameM kAryakAraNabhAva hI satkAryavAdakA sabase bar3A pramANa hai / bIjako kAraNa kahanA isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki usameM hI kAryakA sadbhAva hai, anyathA use kAraNa hI nahIM kaha sakate the| samasta jagatakA kAraNa eka pradhAna hai| eka pradhAna arthAt prakRtise yaha samasta jagata utpanna hotA hai / pradhAnase utpanna honevAle kArya parimita dekhe jAte hai| unakI saMkhyA hai| sabameM sattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMkA anvaya dekhA jAtA hai| hara kArya kisI-na-kisIko prasAda, lAghava, harSa, prIti ( mattvaguNake kArya), tApa, zoSa, udvega ( rajoguNake kArya ), dainya, bIbhatsa, gaurava ( tamoguNake kArya ) Adi bhAva utpanna karatA hai| yadi kAryoM meM svayaM sattva, raja aura tama ye tIna guNa na hote; to vaha ukta bhAvoMmeM kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA thaa| pradhAnameM aisI zakti hai, jisase vaha mahAn Adi 'vyakta' utpanna karatA hai / jisa taraha ghaTAdi kAryoMko dekhakara unake miTTI Adi kAraNoMkA anumAna hotA hai, usI taraha 'mahAn' Adi kAryose unake utpAdaka pradhAnakA anumAna hotA hai / pralayakAlameM samasta kAryokA laya isI eka prakRtimeM ho jAtA hai| pAMca mahAbhUta pA~ca 1. "bhedAnAM parimANAt samanvayAt zaktitaH pravRttezca / kAraNakAryavibhAgAdavibhAgAd vaizvarUpyasya // " -sAMkhyakA0 15 /
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________________ sAMkhyatattvamImAMsA 421 tanmAtrAoMmeM, tanmAtrAdi solaha gaNa ahaMkArameM, ahaMkAra buddhimeM aura buddhi prakRtimeM lIna ho jAtI hai| usa samaya vyakta aura avyaktakA viveka nahIM rhtaa| 'inameM mUla prakRti kAraNa hI hotI hai aura gyAraha indriyA~ tathA pA~ca bhUta ye solaha kArya hI hote haiM aura mahAna, ahaMkAra tathA pAMca tanmAtrAe~ ye sAta pUrvakI apekSA kArya aura uttarakI apekSA kAraNa hote haiN| isa taraha eka sAmAnya pradhAna tattvase isa samasta jagatakA vipariNAma hotA hai aura pralayakAlameM usImeM unakA laya ho jAtA hai / puruSa jalameM kamalapatrakI taraha nilipta hai, sAkSI hai, cetana hai aura nirguNa hai| prakRtisaMsargake kAraNa 'buddhirUpI mAdhyamake dvArA isameM bhogako kalpanA kI jAtI hai / buddhi donoM orase pAradarzI darpaNake samAna hai| isa madhyabhUta darpaNameM eka orase indriyoM dvArA viSayoMkA pratibimba par3atA hai aura dUsarI orase puruSakI chaayaa| isa chAyApattike kAraNa purupameM bhoganekA bhAna hotA hai, yAnI pariNamana to buddhi meM hI hotA hai aura bhogakA bhAna puruSameM hotA hai / vahI buddhi puruSa aura padArtha donoMkI chAyAko grahaNa karatI hai| isa taraha buddhidarpaNameM donoMke prativimbita honekA nAma hI bhoga hai| vaise purupa to kUTasthanitya aura avikArI hai, usameM koI pariNamana nahIM hotaa| baMdhatI bhI prakRti hI hai aura chUTatI bhI prakRti hI hai| prakRti eka vezyAke samAna hai| jaba vaha jAna letI hai ki isa puruSako 'maiM 1. "mUlaprakRtivikRtiH mahadAdyAH prakRtivikRtayaH sapta / SoDazakastu vikAro na prakRtirna vikRtiH puruSaH // " -sAMkhyakA0 3 / 2. "buddhidarpaNe puruSapratibimbasakrAntireva buddhipratisaMveditva pusH| tathA ca dRzicchAyApannayA buddhayA saMsRSTAH zabdAdayo bhavanti dRzyA ityarthaH |"-yogsuu0 tattvavai0 2 / 20 /
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________________ 422 jainadarzana prakRtikA nahIM haiM, prakRti merI nahIM hai' isa prakArakA tattvajJAna ho gayA hai aura yaha mujhase virakta haiM, taba vaha svayaM hatAza hokara puruSakA saMsarga chor3a detI hai / tAtparya yaha ki sArA khela isa prakRtikA hai / uttarapakSa : kintu sAMkhyakI isa tattvaprakriyAmeM sabase bar3e doSa ye haiM / jaba eka hI pradhAnakA astitva saMsAra meM hai, taba usa eka tattvase mahAn, ahaMkArarUpa cetana aura rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparzAdi acetana isa taraha paraspara virodhI do kArya kaise utpanna ho sakate haiM ? usI eka kAraNase amUrtika AkAza aura mUrtika pRthivyAdiko utpatti mAnanA bhI kisI taraha saMgata nahIM / eka kAraNa paraspara atyanta virodhI do kAryoMko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / viSayoMkA nizcaya karanevAlI buddhi aura ahaMkAra cetanake dharma haiM / inakA upAdAna kAraNa jar3a prakRti nahIM ho sakatI / sattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMke kArya jo prasAda, tApa, zoSa Adi batAye haiM, ve bhI. cetanake hI vikAra haiM / unameM prakRtiko upAdAna kahanA kisI bhI taraha saMgata nahIM hai / eka akhaNDa tattva eka hI samaya meM paraspara virodhI cetana-acetana, mUrta-amUrtta, sattvapradhAna, rajaH pradhAna, tamaH pradhAna Adi aneka virodhI kAryoM ke rUpase kaise vAstavika pariNamana kara sakatA hai ? kisI AtmAmeM eka pustaka rAga utpanna karatI hai aura vahI pustaka dUsarI AtmAmeM dveSa utpanna karatI hai, to usakA artha nahIM hai ki pustakameM rAga aura 1. yadyapi maulika sAMkhyoMkA eka prAcIna pakSa yaha thA ki hara eka puruSake sAtha saMsarga rakhanevAlA 'pradhAna' judA-judA hai arthAt pradhAna aneka hai| jaisA ki SaTda0 samu0 guNaratnaTIkA ( pR0 99 ) ke isa avataraNase jJAta hotA hai- "maulikasAMkhyA hi AtmAnamAtmAnaM prati pRthak pradhAnaM vadanti / uttare tu sAMkhyAH sarvAtmasvapi ekaM nityaM pradhAnamiti pratipannAH / " kintu sAMkhyakArikA Adi upalabdha sAMkhyagranthoMmeM isa pakSakA koI nirdeza taka nahIM milatA /
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________________ sAMkhyatattvamImAMsA 423 dvaSa haiM / cetana bhAvoMmeM cetana hI upAdAna ho sakatA hai, jar3a nhiiN| svayaM rAga aura dveSase zUnya jar3a padArtha AtmAoMke rAga aura dveSake nimitta bana sakate haiN| yadi bandha aura mokSa prakRtiko hI hote hai, to puruSako kalpanA nirarthaka hai / buddhimeM viSayakI chAyA par3anepara bhI yadi puruSameM bhoktRtva rUpa pariNamana nahIM hotA, to use bhoktA kaise mAnA jAya ? puruSa yadi sarvathA niSkriya hai; to vaha bhogakriyAkA kartA bhI nahIM ho sakatA aura isIlie bhoktRtvake sthAnameM akartA puruSako koI saMgati hI nahIM baitthtii| ___ mUla prakRti yadi nirvikAra hai aura utpAda aura vyaya kevala dharmomeM hI hote hai, to prakRtiko pariNAmI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? kAraNameM kAryotpAdanako zakti to mAnI jA sakatI hai, para kAryakAlakI taraha usakA prakaTa sadbhAva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'miTTImeM ghar3A apane AkArameM maujUda hai aura vaha kevala kumhArake vyApArase prakaTa hotA hai' isake sthAnameM yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hai ki miTTImeM sAmAnya rUpase ghaTAdi kAryoke utpAdana karanekI zakti hai, kumhArake vyApAra AdikA nimitta pAkara vaha zaktivAlI miTTI apanI pUrvapiNDaparyAyako chor3akara ghaTaparyAyako dhAraNa karatI hai', yAnI miTTI svayaM ghar3A bana jAtI hai / kArya dravyakI paryAya hai aura vaha paryAya kisI bhI dravyame zaktirUpase hI vyavahRta ho sakatI hai| vastutaH prakRtike saMsargase utpanna honepara bhI buddhi, ahaMkAra Adi dharmoMkA AdhAra puruSa hI ho sakatA hai, bhale hI ye dharma prakRtisaMsargaja honese anitya hoN| abhinna svabhAvavAlI eka hI prakRti akhaNDa tattva hokara kaise ananta puruSoMke sAtha vibhinna prakArakA saMsarga ekasAtha kara sakatI hai ? abhinna svabhAva honeke kAraNa sabake sAtha eka prakArakA hI saMsarga honA cAhiye / phira muktAtmAoMke sAtha asaMsarga aura saMsArI AtmAoMke sAtha saMsarga yaha bheda bhI vyApaka aura abhinna prakRtime kaise bana sakatA hai ?
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________________ 424 jainadarzana prakRtiko andho aura puruSako paGga mAnakara donoMke saMsargase sRSTiko kalpanAkA vicAra sunane meM sundara to lagatA hai, para jisa prakAra andha aura paGga donoMmeM saMsargakI icchA aura usa jAtikA pariNamana honepara hI sRSTi sambhava hotI hai, usI taraha jabataka puruSa aura prakRti donoMmeM svatantra pariNamanakI yogyatA nahIM mAnI jAyagI tabataka ekake pariNAmI honepara bhI na to saMsargakI sambhAvanA hai aura na sRSTikI hI / donoM eka dUsareke pariNamanoMmeM nimitta kAraNa ho sakate haiM, upAdAna nhiiN| eka hI caitanya harpa, viSAda, jJAna, vijJAna Adi aneka paryAyoMko dhAraNa karanevAlA saMvid-rUpase anubhavameM AtA hai / usI meM mahAn, ahaGkAra Adi saMjJAe~ kI jA sakatI hai, para ina vibhinna bhAvoMko cetanase bhinna jar3a-prakRtikA dharma nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| jalameM kamalakI taraha puruSa yadi sarvathA nirlipta hai, to prakRtigata pariNAmoMkA aupacArika bhoktRtva ghaTA denepara bhI vastutaH na to vaha bhoktA ho siddha hotA hai aura na cetayitA hii| ataH puruSako vAstavika utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyakA AdhAra mAnakara pariNAmI nitya hI svIkAra karanA cAhie / anyathA kRtanAza aura akRtAbhyAgama nAmake dUSaNa Ate haiN| jisa prakRtine kArya kiyA, vaha to usakA phala nahIM bhogatI aura jo puruSa bhoktA hotA hai, vaha kartA nahIM hai| yaha asaMgati purupako adhikArI mAnanemeM banI hI rahatI hai| yadi 'vyakta' rUpa mahadAdi vikAra aura 'avyakta' rUpa prakRtimeM abheda hai, to mahadAdikI utpatti aura vinAzase prakRti alipta kaise raha sakatI hai ? ataH paraspara virodhI ananta kAryokI utpattike nirvAhake lie ananta hI prakRtitattva jude-jude mAnanA caahie| jinake vilakSaNa pariNamanoMse isa sRSTikA vaicitrya susaMgata ho sakatA hai / ve saba tattva eka prakRtijAtike ho sakate haiM yAnI jAtikI apekSA ve eka kahe jA sakate haiM; para sarvathA eka nahIM, unakA pRthak astitva rahanA hI cAhie / zabdase
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________________ sAMkhyatattvamImAMsA 425 AkAza, rUpase agni ityAdi guNoMse guNIko utpattiko bAta asaMgata hai / guNa guNoko paidA nahIM karatA, balki guNImeM hI nAnA guNa avasthAbhedase utpanna hote aura vinaSTa hote haiN| ghaTa, sakorA, surAho Adi kAryoMmeM miTTIkA anvaya dekhakara yahI to siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki inake utpAdaka paramANu eka miTTI jAtike haiM / satkAryavAdakI siddhike lie jo 'asadakaraNAt' Adi pAMca hetu diye haiM, ve saba kathaJcit sad-asad kAryavAdameM hI sambhava ho sakate haiM / arthAt pratyeka kArya apane AdhArabhUta dravyameM zaktiko dRSTi se hI sat kahA jA sakatA hai, paryAyakI dRSTise nhiiN| yadi paryAyakI dRSTise bhI sat ho; to kAraNoMkA vyApAra nirarthaka ho jAtA hai| upAdAna-upAdeyabhAva, zakya hetukA zakyakriya kAryako hI paidA karanA, aura kAraNakAryavibhAga Adi kathaMcit satkAryavAdameM hI saMbhava hai| triguNakA anvaya dekhakara kAryoMko eka jAtikA hI to mAnA jA sakatA hai na ki eka kAraNase utpanna / samasta puruSoMmeM paraspara cetanatva aura bhoktRtva Adi dharmokA anvaya dekhA jAtA hai; para ve saba kisI eka kAraNase utpanna nahIM hue haiN| pradhAna aura puruSameM nityatva, sattva Adi dharmoMkA anvaya honepara bhI donoMkI eka kAraNase utpatti nahIM mAnI jaatii| ___ yadi prakRti nityasvabhAva hokara tattvamRSTi yA bhUtasRSTimeM pravRtta hotI hai; to acetana prakRtiko yaha jJAna nahIM ho sakatA ki itanI hI tattvasRSTi honI cAhiye aura yaha ho isakA upakAraka hai| aisI hAlatameM niyata pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI / yadi ho, to pravRttikA anta nahIM A sktaa| 'puruSake bhogake liye maiM sRSTi karUM' yaha jJAna bhI acetana prakRtiko kaise ho sakatA hai? vezyAke dRSTAntase bandha-mokSakI vyavasthA jamAnA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki vezyAkA saMsarga usI puruSase hotA hai, jo svayaM usakI kAmanA
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________________ 426 jainadarzana karatA hai, usI para usakA jAdU calatA hai| yAnI anurAga hone para Asakti aura virAga hone para viraktikA cakra tabhI calegA, jaba puruSa svayaM anurAga aura virAga avasthAoMko dhAraNa kre| koI vezyA svayaM anurakta hokara kisI pattharase nahIM ciptttii| ataH jaba taka puruSakA mithyAjJAna, anurAga aura virAga Adi pariNamanoMkA vAstavika AdhAra nahIM mAnA jAtA, taba taka bandha aura mokSakI prakriyA bana hI nahIM sktii| jaba usake svarUpabhUta caitanyakA hI prakRtisaMsargase vikArI pariNamana ho tabhI vaha mithyAjJAnI hokara viparyayamalaka bandha-dazAko pA sakatA hai aura kaivalyakI bhAvanAse saMprajJAta aura asaMprajJAtarUpa samAdhimeM pahu~cakara jIvanmukta aura paramamukta dazAko pahu~ca sakatA hai| ataH puruSako pariNAmI nitya mAne binA na to pratItisiddha lokavyavahArakA hI nirvAha ho sakatA hai aura na pAramArthika loka-paraloka yA bandha-mokSa vyavasthAkA hI susaMgata rUpa bana sakatA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki puruSake prakRtisaMsargase honevAle aneka pariNamana sthAyI yA nijasvabhAva nahIM kahe jA sakate, para isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki kevala prakRtike hI dharma hai; kyoMki indriyAdike saMyogase jo buddhi yA ahaMkAra utpanna hotA hai, Akhira hai to vaha cetanadharma hii| cetana hI apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa sAmagrIke anusAra una-una paryAyoMko dhAraNa karatA hai| isalie ina saMyogajanya dharmomeM upAdAnabhUta puruSa inakI vaikArika jabAbadArIse kaise baca sakatA hai ? yaha ThIka hai ki jaba prakRtisaMsarga chUTa jAtA hai aura puruSa mukta ho jAtA hai taba ina dharmokI utpatti nahIM hotI, jaba taka saMsarga rahatA hai tabhI taka utpatti hotI hai, isa taraha prakRtisaMsarga hI inakA hetu ThaharatA hai, parantu yadi puruSameM vikAra rUpase pariNamanakI yogyatA aura pravRtti na ho, to prakRtisaMsarga balAt to usameM vikAra utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| anyathA mukta avasthAmeM bhI vikAra utpanna honA cAhiye; kyoMki vyApaka honese mukta AtmAkA
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________________ sAMkhyatasvamImAMsA 427 prakRtisaMsarga to chUTA nahIM hai, saMyoga to usakA kAyama hai hI / prakRtiko caritArtha to isaliye kahA hai ki jo puruSa pahale usake saMsargasa saMsAra meM pravRtta hotA thA, vaha aba saMsaraNa nahIM krtaa| ataH caritArtha aura pravRttArtha vyavahAra bhI puruSako orase hI hai, prakRtikI orase nhiiN| jaba puruSa svayaM rAga, virAga, viparyaya, viveka aura jJAna-vijJAnarUpa pariNamanoMkA vAstavika upAdAna hotA hai, taba use hama laMgar3A nahIM kaha sakate / eka dRSTise prakRti na kevala andhI hai, kintu puruSake pariNamanoMke liye vaha la~gar3I bhI hai| 'jo kare vaha bhoge' yaha eka nirapavAda siddhAnta hai| ataH puruSameM jaba vAstavika bhoktRtva mAne vinA cArA nahIM hai, taba vAstavika kartRtva bhI usImeM mAnanA hI ucita hai / jaba kartRtva aura bhoktRtva avasthAe~ puruSagata hI ho jAtI hai, taba usakA kUTastha nityatva apane Apa samApta ho jAtA hai| utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpa pariNAma pratyeka satkA aparihArya lakSaNa hai, cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, mUrta ho yA amUrta, pratyeka sat pratikSaNa apane svAbhAvika pariNAmI svabhAvake anusAra eka paryAyako chor3akara dUsarI paryAyako chor3akara dUsarI paryAyako dhAraNa karatA calA jA rahA hai| ye pariNamana sadRza bhI hote hai aura visadRza bhii| pariNamanakI dhArAko to apanI gatise pratikSaNa bahanA hai / bAhyAbhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra usameM vividhatA barAbara AtI rahatI hai| sAMkhyake isa matako kevala sAmAnyavAdameM isalie zAmila kiyA hai ki usane prakRtiko eka, nitya, vyApaka aura akhaNDa tattva mAnakara use ho mUrta, amUrta Adi virodhI pariNamanoMkA sAmAnya AdhAra mAnA hai / vizeSa padArthavAda: bauddhakA pUrvapakSa: bauddha sAdhAraNatayA vizeSa padArthako hI vAstavika tattva mAnate haiN|
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________________ 428 jainadarzana svalakSaNa, cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, kSaNika aura paramANurUpa haiM / jo jahA~ aura jisa kAlameM utpanna hotA hai vaha vahIM aura usI samaya naSTa ho jAtA hai / koI bhI padArtha dezAntara aura kAlAntarameM vyApta nahIM ho sakatA, vaha do dezoMko sparza nahIM kara sktaa| hara padArthakA pratikSaNa naSTa honA svabhAva hai| use nAzake lie kisI anya kAraNakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| agale kSaNako utpattike jitane kAraNa haiM unase bhinna kisI anya kAraNakI apekSA pUrvakSaNake vinAzako nahIM hotI, vaha utane hI kAraNoMse ho jAtA hai, ataH use nirhetuka kahate hai| nirhetukA artha 'kAraNoMke abhAvameM ho jAnA' nahIM hai, kintu 'utpAdake kAroMse bhinna kisI anya kAraNakI apekSA nahIM rakhanA' yaha hai / hara pUrvakSaNa svayaM vinaSTa hotA huA uttarakSaNako utpanna karatA jAtA hai aura isa taraha eka vartamAnakSaNa hI astitvameM rahakara dhArAkI kramabaddhatAkA pratIka hotA hai / pUrvottara kSaNoMkI isa santatipamparAmeM kAryakAraNabhAva, aura bandhamokSa AdikI vyavasthA bana jAtI hai| sthira aura sthUla ye donoM hI manakI kalpanA hai| inakA pratibhAsa sadRza utpattimeM ekatvakA mithyA bhAna honeke kAraNa tathA puJjameM sambaddhabuddhi honeke kAraNa hotA hai / vicAra karake dekhA jAya, to jise hama sthUla padArtha kahate hai, vaha mAtra paramANuoMkA puJja hI to hai / atyAsanna aura asaMsRSTa paramANuoMme sthUlatAkA bhrama hotA hai| eka paramANukA dUsare paramANuse yadi sarvAtmanA saMsarga mAnA jAtA hai; to do paramANu milakara eka ho jAyage aura isI kramase paramANuoMkA piNDa aNumAtra hI raha jAyagA / yadi eka dezase saMsarga mAnA jAtA hai; to chahoM dizAoMke chaha paramANuoMke 1. 'yo yatraiva sa tatraiva yo yadaiva tadaiva saH / na dezakAlayovyAptirbhAvAnAniha vidyate // ' -uddhRta prameyaratnamAlA 4 / /
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________________ 429 kSaNikavAdamImAMsA sAtha saMsarga rakhavevAle madhyavartI paramANuke chaha deza kalpanA karane pdd'eNge| ataH kevala paramANukA saJcaya hI indriyapratItikA viSaya hotA hai / ___ arthakriyA hI paramArthasatkA vAstavika lakSaNa hai| koI bhI arthakriyA yA to kramase hotI hai yA yugapat / cU~ki 'nitya aura ekasvabhAvavAle padArthameM na to kramase arthakriyA sambhava hai aura na yugapat / ataH krama aura yogapadyake abhAvameM usase vyApta arthakriyA nivRtta ho jAtI hai aura arthakriyAke abhAvameM usase sattva nivRtta hokara nitya padArthako asat siddha kara detA hai / sahakAriyoMkI apekSA nitya padArthameM krama isaliye nahIM bana sakatA; ki nitya jaba svayaM samartha hai; taba use sahakAriyoMkI apekSA hI nahIM honI caahie| yadi sahakArI kAraNa nitya padArthameM koI atizaya yA vizeSatA utpanna karate hai, to vaha sarvathA nitya nahIM raha sktaa| yadi koI vizeSatA nahIM lAte; to unakA milanA aura na milanA barAbara hI rahA / nitya ekasvabhAva padArtha jaba prathamakSaNabhAvI kArya karatA hai; taba anya kAryoke utpanna karanekI sAmarthya usameM hai, yA nahIM? yadi hai; to sabhI kArya ekasAtha utpanna honA caahie| yadi nahIM hai aura sahakAriyoMke milanepara vaha sAmarthya A jAtI hai; to vaha nitya aura ekarUpa nahIM raha sktaa| ataH pratikSaNa parivartana-zIla paramANurUpa hI padArtha apanI-apanI sAmagrIke anusAra vibhinna kAryoMke utpAdaka hote haiM / cittakSaNa bhI isI taraha kSaNapravAharUpa haiM, aparivartanazIla aura nitya nahIM haiN| isI kSaNapravAhameM prApta vAsanAke anusAra pUrvakSaNa uttarakSaNako utpanna karatA huA apanA astitva niHzeSa karatA jAtA hai| ekatva aura zAzvatikatA bhrama hai / uttarakA pUrvake sAtha itanA hI sambandha 1. 'krameNa yugapaJcApi yasmAdarthakriyAkRtaH / na bhavanti sthirA bhAvA niHsattvAste tato matAH // ' -tattvasaM0 zlo0 394 /
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________________ 430 jainadarzana hai ki vaha usase utpanna huA hai aura usakA hI vaha sarvasva hai / jagata kevala pratItya-samutpAda hI hai / ' isase yaha utpanna hotA hai' yaha anavarata kAraNakAryaparamparA nAma aura rUpa sabhI meM cAlU hai / nirvANa avasthA meM bhI yahI krama cAlU rahatA hai / antara itanA hI hai ki jo cittasantati sAsrava tho, vaha nirvANameM nirAsrava ho jAtI hai / vinAzakA bhI eka apanA krama hai / mudgarakA abhighAta honepara jo ghaTakSaNa Age dvitIya samartha ghaTako utpanna karatA thA vaha asamartha, asamartha - tara aura asamarthatama kSaNoMko utpanna karatA huA kapAlakI utpatti meM kAraNa ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki utpAda sahetuka hai, na ki vinAza / cUMki vinAzako kisI hetuko apekSA nahIM hai, ataH vaha svabhAvataH pratikSaNa hotA hI rahatA hai / uttarapakSa : kintu kSaNika paramANurUpa padArtha mAnane para skandha avasthA bhrAnta ThaharatI hai / yadi puJja hone para bhI paramANu apanI paramANurUpatA nahIM 1. dignAgAdi AcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita kSaNikavAda isI rUpameM buddhako abhipreta na thA, isa viSayakI carcA pro0 dalasukhajIne jaina tarkavA0 Ti0 pR0 281 meM isa prakAra kI hai - 'isa viSaya meM prathama yaha bAta dhyAna denekI hai ki bhagavAn buddhane utpAda, sthiti aura vyaya ina tInoMke bhinna kSaNa mAne the, aisA aMguttaranikAya aura abhidharma granthoMke dekhanese pratIta hotA hai ( " uppAdaThittibhaMgatrasena khaNattayaM ekacittakkhaNaM nAma / tAni pana sattarasa cittakkhaNAni rUpadhammAna Ayu" - abhighammattha0 4 / 8 ) aMguttaranikAya meM saMskRtake tIna lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM-- saMskRta vastukA utpAda hotA hai, vyaya hotA hai aura sthitikA anyathAtva hotA hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki prathama utpatti. phira jarA aura phira vinAza, isa kramase vastumeM anityatA- kSaNikatA siddha hai / ... cittakSaNa kSaNika hai, isakA artha hai ki vaha tIna kSaNa taka hai| prAcIna bauddha zAstra meM mAtra citta-nAma hI ko yogAcArakkI taraha vastusat nahIM mAnA hai aura usakI Ayu yogAcArakI taraha ekakSaNa nahIM, svasammata cittakI taraha trikSaNa nahIM, kintu 17 kSaNa mAnI gaI hai| ye 17 kSaNa bhI samayake arthameM nahIM, kintu 17 cittakSaNake arthameM liye gaye haiM
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________________ kSaNikavAdamImAMsA 431 chor3ate aura skandha-avasthA dhAraNa nahIM karate tathA atIndriya sUkSma paramANuoMkA puMja bhI atIndriya hI banA rahatA hai; to vaha ghaTa, paTa Adi rUpase indriyagrAhya nahIM ho skegaa| paramANuoMmeM paraspara viziSTa rAsAyanika sambandha honepara hI uname sthUlatA AtI hai, aura tabhI ve indriyagrAhya hote hai| paramANuoMkA paraspara jo sambandha hotA hai vaha snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa guNAtmaka parivartanake rUpame hotA hai / vaha kathaJcittAdAtmyarUpa hai, usame ekadezAdi vikalpa nahIM uTha skte| ve hI paramANu apanI sUkSmatA chor3akara sthUlarUpatAko dhAraNa kara lete hai / pudgaloMkA yahI svabhAva hai| yadi paramANu paraspara sarvathA asaMsRSTa rahate hai; to jaise bikhare hue paramANuoMse jaladhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA vaise pujIbhUta paramANuoMse bhI jaladhAraNa Adi kriyAeM nahIM ho skeNgii| padArtha paryAyakI dRSTise pratikSaNa vinAzI hokara bhI apanI avicchinna santatikI dRSTise kathaJcit dhruva bhI hai| santati, paMkti aura senAkI taraha buddhikalpita hI nahIM hai, kintu arthAt vastutaH eka cittakSaNa varAbara 3 kSaNa honese 51 kSaNakI Ayu rUpakI mAnI gaI hai / yadi amidhammatthasaMgahakArane jo batAyA hai vaisA hI bhagavAn buddhako abhipreta ho to kahanA hogA ki buddhasammata kSaNikatA aura yogAcArasammata kSaNikatAmeM mahattvapUrNa antara hai| sarvAstivAdiyoMke matase 'sat' kI traikAlika astitvase vyApti hai| jo sat hai arthAt vastu hai vaha tonoM kAlameM asti hai| 'sarva' vastuko tInoM kAlomeM asti mAnaneke kAraNa hI usa vAdakA nAma sarvAstivAda par3A hai ( dekho sisTama oNpha budvisTika thATa pR0 103) sarvAritavAdiyoMne rUpa paramANuko nitya mAnakara usImeM pRthivI, apa, teja, vAyurUpa honekI zakti mAnI hai| ( vahI pR0 134, 137) "sarvAstivAdiyoMne naiyAyikAMke samAna paramANusamudAyajanya avayavIko atirikta nahI, kintu paramANusamudAyako hI avayavI mAnA hai| donoMne paramANuko nitya mAnate hue bhI samudAya aura avayavoko aninya mAnA hai| sarvAstivAdiyoMne eka hI paramANukA anya paramANuke saMsargase nAnA avasthA mAno haiM aura unhIM nAnA avasthAoMko anitya mAnA hai, paramANuko nahIM ( vahI, pR0 121,137 )'-jainatarkavA0 Ti0 pR0 282 /
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________________ 432 jainadarzana vAstavika kAryakAraNaparamparAko dhruva kIla hai| isIlie nirvANa avasthAmeM cittasantatikA sarvathA uccheda nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| dopanirvANakA dRSTAnta bhI isaliye ucita nahIM hai ki dopakakA bhI sarvathA uccheda nahIM hotaa| jo paramANu dIpaka avasthAmeM bhAsurAkAra aura dopta the ve bujhanepara zyAmarUpa aura adIpta bana jAte hai / yahA~ kevala paryAyaparivartana hI huaa| kisI maulika tattvakA sarvathA uccheda mAnanA avaijJAnika hai| ____ vastutaH buddhane viSayoMse vairAgya kSaura brahmacaryakI sAdhanAke liye jagatake kSaNikatva aura anityatvakI bhAvanApara isaliye bhAra diyA thA ki mohI aura parigrahI prANI padArthoMko sthira aura sthUla mAnakara unameM rAga karatA hai, tRSNAse unake parigrahako ceSTA karatA hai, strI Adiko eka sthira aura sthUla padArtha mAnakara unake stana Adi avayavoMmeM rAgadRSTi gar3AtA hai / yadi prANI unheM kevala haDDiyoMkA DA~cA aura mAMsakA piMDa, antataH paramANupuMjake rUpameM dekhe, to usakA rAgabhAva avazya kama hogaa| 'strI' yaha saMjJA bhI sthUlatAke AdhArase kalpita hotI hai / ataH vItarAgatAkI sAdhanAke liye jagata aura zarIrako anityatAkA vicAra aura usakI bAra-bAra bhAvanA atyanta apekSita hai / jaina sAdhuoMko bhI cittameM vairAgyakI dRr3hatAke liye anityatva, azaraNatva Adi bhAvanAoMkA upadeza diyA gayA hai| parantu bhAvanA judo vastu hai aura vastutattvakA nirUpaNa judaa| vaijJAnika bhAvanAke balapara vastusvarUpakI mImAMsA nahIM karatA, apitu sunizcita kAryakAraNabhAvoMke prayogase / ___ strIkA sarpiNI, narakakA dvAra; pApakI khAni, nAgina aura viSavela Adi rUpase jo bhAvanAtmaka varNana pAyA jAtA hai vaha kevala vairAgya jAgRta karaneke liye hai, isase strI sarpiNI yA nAgina nahIM bana jaatii| kisI padArthako nitya mAnanese usameM sahaja rAga paidA hotA hai / AtmAko zAzvata mAnanese manuSya usake cira sukhake liye nyAya aura anyAyase jaise-banetaise parigrahakA saMgraha karane lagatA hai / ataH buddhane isa tRSNAmUlaka pari
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________________ 433 kSaNikavAdamImAMsA grahase virakti lAneke liye zAzvata AtmAkA hI niSedha karake nairAtmyakA upadeza diyaa| unheM bar3A Dara thA ki jisa prakAra nitya AtmAke mohameM page anya tIthika tRSNAmeM AkaMTha DUbe hue haiM usa tarahake buddhake bhikSu na hoM aura isaliye unhoMne bar3I kaThoratAse AtmAkI zAzvatikatA hI nahIM; AtmAkA hI niSedha kara diyaa| jagatako kSaNika, zUnya, nirAtmaka, azuci aura duHkharUpa kahanA bhI mAtra bhAvanAeM haiN| kintu Age jAkara inhIM bhAvanAoMne darzanakA rUpa le liyA aura eka-eka zabdako lekara eka-eka kSaNikavAda, zUnyavAda, nairAtmyavAda Adi vAda khar3e ho gaye / eka bAra inheM dArzanika rUpa mila jAnepara to unakA bar3e ugrarUpameM samarthana huaa| buddhane yogijJAnakI utpanni cAra AryasatyoMkI bhAvanAke prakarSa paryanta gamanase ho to mAnI hai| usameM dRSTAnta bhI diyA hai kAmukakA / jaise koI kAmuka apanI priyakAminIkI tIvratama bhAvanAke dvArA usakA sAmane upasthitako taraha sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, usI taraha bhAvanAse satyakA sAkSAtkAra bhI ho jAtA hai / ataH jahA~ taka vairAgyakA sambandha hai vahA~ taka jagatako kSaNika aura paramANupuMjarUpa mAnakara calanemeM koI hAni nahIM hai; kyoMki asatyopAdhise bhI satya taka pahu~cA jAtA hai, para dArzanikakSetra to vastusvarUpakI yathArtha momAMsA karanA cAhatA hai| ataH vahA~ bhAvanAoMkA kArya nahIM hai / pratItisiddha sthira aura sthUla padArthoMko bhAvanAvaza asatyatAkA phatavA nahIM diyA jA sktaa| jisa krama aura yogapadyase arthakriyAkI vyApti hai ve sarvathA kSaNika padArthameM bhI nahIM bana skte| yadi pUrvakA uttarake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai, to unameM kAryakAraNabhAva hI nahIM bana sktaa| avyabhicArI 1. bhUtArthabhAvanAprakarSaparyantajaM yogijJAnam |'-nyaayvi0 1311 / 2. 'kAmazokabhayonmAdacaurasvapnAdyupaplutAH / abhUtAnapi pazyanti purato'vasthitAniva ||'-prmaannvaa0 2 / 282 / 28
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________________ 434 jainadarzana kAryakAraNabhAva yA upAdAnopAdeyabhAvake liye pUrva aura uttara kSaNameM koI vAstavika sambandha yA anvaya mAnanA hI hogA, anyathA santAnAntara. vartI uttarakSaNake sAtha bhI upAdAnopAdeyabhAva bana jAnA caahiye| eka vastu jaba kramazaH do kSaNoMko yA do dezoMko prApta hotI hai to usameM kAlakRta yA dezakRta krama mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu jo jahA~ aura jaba utpanna ho, tathA vahIM aura tabhI naSTa ho jAya; to usameM krama kaisA? kramake abhAvameM yogapadya kI carcA hI vyartha hai / jagatake padArthoke vinAzako nirhetuka mAnakara use svabhAvasiddha kahanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra uttarakA utpAda apane kAraNoMse hotA hai usI taraha pUrvakA vinAza bhI unhIM kAraNoMse hotA hai| unameM kAraNabheda nahIM hai, isaliye vastutaH svarUpabheda bhI nahIM hai| pUrvakA vinAza aura uttarakA utpAda donoM eka hI vastu haiM / kAryakA utpAda hI kAraNakA vinAza hai / jo svabhAvabhUta utpAda aura vinAza hai ve to svarasata: hote hI rahate haiN| raha jAtI hai sthala vinAzakI bAta, so vaha spaSTa hI kAraNoMkI apekSA rakhatA hai| jaba vastumeM utpAda aura vinAza donoM hI samAna koTike dharma haiM taba unamese ekako sahetuka tathA dUsareko ahetuka kahanA kisI bhI taraha ucita nahIM hai| saMsArake samasta hI jar3a aura cetana padArthomeM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva cAroM prakArake sambandha barAbara anubhavameM Ate hai| inameM kSetra, kAla aura bhAva pratyAsattiyAM vyavahArake nirvAhake liye bhI hoM para upAdAnopAdeyabhAvako sthApita karaneke liye dravyapratyAsatti pavamArtha hI mAnanA hogii| aura yaha ekadravyatAdAtmyako chor3akara anya nahIM ho sktii| isa ekadravyatAdAtmyake binA bandha-mokSa, lena-dena, guru-ziSyAdisamasta vyavahAra samApta ho jAte hai / 'pratotya samutpAda' svayaM, jisako pratItya jo samutpAdako prApta karatA hai unameM paraspara sambandhako siddhi kara detA hai / yahA~ kevala kriyA mAtra hI nahIM hai, kintu kriyAkA AdhAra kA
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________________ kSaNikavAyamImAMsA 435 bhI hai / jo pratItya-apekSA karatA hai, vahI utpanna hotA hai / ataH isa eka dravyapratyAsattiko hara hAlatameM svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| avyabhicArI kAryakAraNabhAvake AdhArase pUrva aura uttara kSaNoMmeM eka santati tabhI bana sakatI hai jaba kArya aura kAraNameM avyabhicAritAkA niyAmaka koI anusyUta paramArtha tattva svIkAra kiyA jAya / vijJAnavAdakI samIkSAH isItaraha vijJAnavAdameM bAhyArthake astitvakA sarvathA lopa karake kevala unheM vAsanAkalpita hI kahanA ucita nahIM hai| yaha ThIka hai ki padArthoMmeM aneka prakArako saMjJAe~ aura zabdaprayoga hamArI kalpanAse kalpita hoM ,para jo Thosa aura satya padArtha hai unakI sattAse inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nIlapadArthakI sattA nIlavijJAnase siddha bhale hI ho, para nIlavijJAna nIlapadArthakI sattAko utpanna nahIM krtaa| vaha svayaM siddha hai, aura nIlavijJAnake na hone para bhI usakA svasiddha astitva hai hii| A~kha padArthako dekhatI hai, na ki padArthako utpanna karatI hai| prameya aura pramANa ye saMjJAe~ sApekSa hoM, para donoM padArtha apanI-apanI sAmagrIse svataHsiddha utpattivAle hai| vAsanA aura kalpanAse padArthako iSTa-aniSTa rUpameM citrita kiyA jAtA hai, parantu padArtha utpanna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH vijJAnavAda Ajake prayogasiddha vijJAnase na kevala bAdhita hI hai, kintu vyavahArAnupayogI bhI hai| zUnyavAdakI AlocanA : zUnyavAdake do rUpa hamAre sAmane hai-eka to svapnapratyayakI taraha samasta pratyayoMko nirAlambana kahanA arthAt pratyayakI sattA to svIkAra karanA, para unheM nirvipaya mAnanA aura dUsarA bAhyArthakI taraha jJAnakA bhI lopa karake sarvazUnya maannaa| prathama kalpanA eka prakArase niviSaya jJAna
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________________ 436 jainadarzana mAnanekI hai, jo pratItiviruddha hai; kyoMki prakRta anumAnako yadi nirviSaya mAnA jAtA hai, to isase 'nirAlambana jJAnavAda' hI siddha nahIM ho sakatA / yadi saviSaya mAnate haiM; to isI anumAnase hetu vyabhicArI ho jAtA hai / ataH jina pratyayoM kA bAhyArtha upalabdha hotA hai unheM saviSaya aura jinakA upalabdha nahIM hotA, unheM nirviSaya mAnanA ucita hai / jJAnoMmeM satya aura asatya yA avisaMvAdI aura visaMvAdI vyavasthA bAhyArthakI prApti aura aprAptise hI to hotI hai| agnike jJAnase pAnI garama nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jagatakA samasta bAhya vyavahAra bAhya padArthoMkI vAstavika sattAse hI saMbhava hotA hai / saMketake anusAra zabdaprayogoMkI svataMtratA hone para bhI padArthoMke nijasiddha svarUpa yA astitva kisIke saMketase utpanna nahIM ho skte| bAhmArthakI taraha jJAnakA bhI abhAva mAnanevAle sarvazUnyapakSako to siddha karanA hI kaThina hai / jisa pramANase sarvazUnyatA sAdhI jAtI hai usa pramANako bhI yadi zUnya arthAt asat mAnA jAtA hai; to phira zUnyatA kisase siddha kI jAyagI ? aura yadi vaha pramANa azUnya arthAt sat hai; to 'sarvaM zUnyam' kahA~ rahA ? kama-se-kama usa pramANako to azUnya mAnanA hI par3A / pramANa aura prameya vyavahAra parasparasApekSa ho sakate haiM, parantu unakA svarUpa paraspara- sApekSa nahIM hai, vaha to svataH siddha hai / ataH kSaNika aura zUnya bhAvanAoMse vastukI siddhi nahIM kI jA sakatI / isataraha vizeSapadArthavAda bhI viSayAbhAsa hai; kyoMki jaisA usakA varNana hai vaisA usakA astitva siddha nahIM ho pAtA / ubhayasvatantravAda mImAMsA : pUrvapakSa: vaizeSika sAmAnya arthAt jAti aura dravya, guNa, karmarUpa vizeSa arthAt vyaktiyoMko svatantra padArtha mAnate haiM / sAmAnya aura vizeSakA samavAya
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________________ ubhayasvatantravAdamImAMsA 437 sambandha hotA hai / vaizeSikakA mUla mantra hai-pratyayake AdhArase padArtha vyavasthA karanA ! cUMki 'dravyaM dravyaM yaha pratyaya hotA hai, ataH dravya eka padArtha hai / 'guNaH guNaH' 'karma karma' isa prakArake svatantra pratyaya hote haiM, ataH guNa aura karma svatantra padArtha haiN| isI taraha anugatAkAra pratyayake kAraNa sAmAnya padArtha; nitya padArthoMmeM paraspara bheda sthApita karaneke liye vizeSapadArtha aura 'ihedaM' pratyayase samavAya padArtha mAne gaye haiN| jitane prakArake jJAna aura zabdavyavahAra hote haiM unakA vargIkaraNa karake asAMkaryabhAvase utane padArtha mAnanekA prayatna vaizeSikoMne kiyA hai| isIlie inheM 'saMpratyayopAdhyAya' kahA jAtA hai / uttarapakSa : kintu pratyaya arthAt jJAna aura zabdakA vyavahAra itane aparipUrNa aura lavara haiM ki inapara pUrA-pUrA bharosA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ye to vastusvarUpakI ora mAtra izArA hI kara sakate haiN| balki akhaNDa aura anirvacanIya vastuko samajhane-samajhAneke liye usako khaMDa-khaMDa kara DAlate haiM aura itanA vizleSaNa kara DAlate haiM ki usI vastuke aMza svatantra padArtha mAlUma par3ane lagate haiM / guNa-guNAMza aura deza-dezAMzakI kalpanA bhI Akhira buddhi aura zabda vyavahArakI hI karAmAta hai| eka akhaMDa dravyase pRthakbhUta yA pRthaksiddha guNa aura kriyA nahIM raha sakatI aura na batAI jA sakatI haiM phira bhI buddhi unheM pRthak padArtha batAneko taiyAra hai| padArtha to apanA Thosa aura akhaMDa astitva rakhatA hai, vaha apane pariNamanake anusAra aneka pratyayoMkA viSaya ho sakatA hai| guNa, kriyA aura sambandha Adi svatantra padArtha nahIM haiM, ye to dravyako avasthAoM ke vibhinna vyavahAra haiN| isa taraha sAmAnya koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai, jo nitya aura eka hokara aneka svatantrasattAka vyaktiyoMmeM motiyoMmeM sUtakI taraha piroyA gayA ho| padArthoke kucha pariNamana sadRza bhI hote haiM aura kucha visadRza
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________________ jainadarzana bhii| do svatantrasattAka vibhinna vyaktiyoMmeM bhUyaHsAmya dekhakara anugata vyavahAra hotA hai| aneka AtmAe~ saMsAra avasthAmeM apane vibhinna zarIroMmeM vartamAna hai| jinakI avayavaracanA amuka prakArako sadRza hai unameM 'manuSyaH manuSyaH' aisA vyavahAra saMketake anusAra hotA hai aura jinakI zarIraracanA saMketAnusAra ghor3oM jaisI hai unameM 'azvaH azvaH' yaha vyavahAra hotA hai| jina AtmAoMme avayavasAdRzyake AdhArase manuSyavyavahAra hotA hai uname 'manuSyatva' nAmakA koI aimA sAmAnya padArtha nahIM hai, jo apanI svatantra, nitya, eka aura anekAnugata sattA rakhatA ho aura samavAyasambandhase uname rahatA ho| itanI bhedakalpanA padArthasthitike pratikUla hai| 'sat sat', 'dravyam dravyam', 'guNaH guNaH', 'manuSyaH manuSyaH' ityAdi sabhI vyavahAra sAdRzyamUlaka hai| sAdRzya bhI pratyekaniSTha dharma hai, koI anekaniSTha svatantra padArtha nahIM hai| vaha to aneka avayavoMko samAnatArUpa hai aura tattad avayava una-una vyaktiyoMme hI rahate hai| unameM samAnatA dekhakara draSTA aneka prakArake choTe-bar3e dAyarevAle anugatavyavahAra karane lagatA hai| sAmAnya nitya, eka aura niraMza hokara yadi sarvagata hai, to use vibhinnadezavAlI svavyaktiyoMme khaNDazaH rahanA hogA; kyoMki eka vastu eka sAtha bhinna dezoMmeM pUrNarUpase nahIM raha sktii| nitya aura niraMza sAmAnya jisa samaya eka vyaktimeM prakaTa hotA hai usI samaya use sarvatra-vyaktiyoMke antarAlameM bhI prakaTa honA cAhiye / anyathA kvacit vyakta aura kvacit avyakta rUpase svarUpabheda honepara anityatva aura sAMzatvakA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| jisa taraha sattAsAmAnya padArtha anya kisI 'sattAtva' nAmaka sAmAnyake binA hI svataH sata hai usI taraha dravyAdi bhI svataH sat hI kyoM na mAne jaoNya ? sattAke sambandhase pahale padArtha sat haiM, yA asat ? yadi sat haiM; to sattAkA sambandha mAnanA nirarthaka hai| yadi asata hai; to unameM
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________________ 439 ubhayasvatantravAdamImAMsA kharaviSANakI taraha sattAsambandha ho nahIM sktaa| isI taraha anya sAmAnyoM ke sambandhameM bhI samajhanA cAhie / jisa taraha sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya svataH sat haiM-inameM kisI anya sattAke sambandhakI kalpanA nahIM kI jAtI, usI taraha dravyAdi bhI svataHsiddha sat haiM, inameM bhI sattAke sambandhakI kalpanA nirarthaka hai| vaizeSika tulya AkRtivAle aura tulya guNavAle paramANuoMmeM, mukta AtmAoMmeM aura mukta AtmAoM dvArA tyakta manoMmeM bheda-pratyaya karAneke liye ina pratyekameM eka vizeSa nAmaka padArtha mAnate haiM / ye vizeSa ananta haiM aura nityadravyavRtti haiM / anya avayavI Adi padArthoM meM jAti, AkRti aura avayavasaMyoga Adike kAraNa bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai, para samAna AkRtivAle, samAnaguNavAle nitya dravyoMmeM bheda karaneke liye koI anya nimitta cAhiye aura vaha nimitta hai vizeSa padArtha / parantu pratyayake AdhArase padArtha-vyavasthA mAnanekA siddhAnta hI galata hai / jitane prakArake pratyaya hote haiM, utane svatantra padArtha yadi mAne jAyeM to padArthoMko koI sImA hI nahIM rhegii| jisa prakAra eka vizeSa dUsare vizeSase svataH vyAvRtta hai, usameM anya kisI vyAvartakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, usI taraha paramANu Adi samasta padArtha apane asAdhAraNa nija svarUpase hI svataH vyAvRtta raha sakate hai, isake liye bhI kisI svatatra vizeSa padArthakI koI AvazyakatA nahIM haiN| vyaktiyAM svayaM hI vizeSa haiN| pramANakA kArya hai svataHsiddha padArthoMko asaMkara vyAkhyA karanA na ki naye-naye padArthoMkI kalpanA krnaa| phalAbhAsa: pramANase phalako sarvathA abhinna yA sarvathA bhinna kahanA phalAbhAsa hai / yadi pramANa aura phalameM sarvathA bheda mAnA jAtA hai; to bhinna-bhinna AtmA1. parIkSAmukha 6 / 66-72 /
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________________ 440 jainadarzana oMke pramANa aura phaloMmeM jaise pramANa-phalabhAva nahIM banatA, usI taraha eka AtmAke pramANa aura phalameM bhI pramANa-phalavyavahAra nahIM honA cAhiye / samavAyasambandha bhI sarvathA bhedakI sthitimeM niyAmaka nahIM ho sktaa| yadi sarvathA abheda mAnA jAtA hai to yaha pramANa hai aura yaha phala' isa prakArakA bhedavyavahAra aura kAraNakAryabhAva bhI nahIM ho skegaa| jisa AtmAko pramANarUpase pariNati huI hai usIko ajJAnanivRtti hotI hai, ataH eka AtmAkI dRSTise pramANa aura phalame abheda hai aura sAdhakatamakaraNarUpa tathA pramitikriyArUpa paryAyoMkI dRSTise unameM bheda hai| ataH pramANa aura phalameM kathaJcid bhedAbheda mAnanA hI ucita hai|
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________________ 9. naya-vicAra nayakA lakSaNa : adhigamake upAyoMmeM pramANake sAtha nayakA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / pramANa vastuke pUrNarUpako grahaNa karatA hai aura naya pramANake dvArA gRhIta vastuke eka aMzako jAnatA hai / jJAtAkA vaha abhiprAyavizeSa naya' hai jo pramANake dvArA jAnI gayI vastu ke ekadezako sparza karatA hai| vastu anantadharmavAlI hai| pramANajJAna use samagrabhAvase grahaNa karatA hai, usameM aMzavibhAjana karanekI ora usakA lakSya nahIM hotaa| jaise 'yaha ghar3A hai| ina jJAnameM pramANa ghar3eko akhaMDa bhAvase usake rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi ananta guNadharmokA vibhAga na karake pUrNarUpameM jAnatA hai, jaba ki koI bhI naya usakA vibhAjana karake rUpavAn ghaTa:' 'rasavAn ghaTa:' Adi rUpameM use apane-apane abhiprAyake anusAra jAnatA hai / eka bAta dhyAnameM rakhanekI hai ki pramANa aura naya jJAnako hI vRttiyA~ hai, donoM jJAnAtmaka paryAya haiM / jaba jJAtAkI sakalake grahaNako dRSTi hotI hai taba usakA jJAna pramANa hotA hai aura jaba usI pramANase gRhIta vastuko khaMDazaH grahaNa karanekA abhiprAya hotA hai taba vaha aMzagrAhI abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai| pramANajJAna nayakI utpattike liye bhUmi taiyAra karatA hai / ___ yadyapi chadmasthoMke sabhI jJAna vastuke pUrNarUpako nahIM jAna pAte, phira bhI jitaneko vaha jAnate haiM unameM bhI unakI yadi samagrake grahaNakI dRSTi hai to ve sakalagrAhI jJAna pramANa haiM aura aMzagrAhI vikalpajJAna naya / 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' yaha jJAna bhI yadi rUpamukhena samasta ghaTakA jJAna akhaMDabhAvase 1. 'nayo shaaturbhipraayH|'-lghii0 zlo0 55 / 'zAtRRNAmabhisandhayaH khalu nyaaH|' -siddhivi0, To0 pR0 517 /
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________________ 442 jainadarzana karatA hai to pramANako hI sImAmeM pahu~catA hai aura ghaTake rUpa, rasa AdikA vibhAjana kara yadi ghar3eke rUpako mukhyatayA jAnatA hai to vaha naya kahalAtA hai| pramANake jAnanekA krama ekadezake dvArA bho samagrakI tarapha hI hai, jaba ki naya samagravastuko vibhAjita kara usake aMzavizeSakI ora hI jhukatA hai| pramANa cakSuke dvArA rUpako dekhakara bhI usa dvArase pUre ghar3eko AtmasAt karatA hai aura naya usa ghar3ekA vizleSaNa kara usake rUpa Adi aMzoMke jAnanekI ora pravRtta hotA hai ? isIliye pramANako sakalAdezI aura nayako vikalAdezI kahA hai| pramANake dvArA jAnI gaI vastuko zabdakI taraMgoMse abhivyakta karaneke liye jo jJAnakI rujhAna hotI hai vaha naya hai| naya pramANakA ekadeza hai : 'naya pramANa hai yA apramANa ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna 'hA~' aura 'nahIM' meM nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ? jaise ki ghar3emeM bhare hue samudrake jalako na to samudra kaha sakate haiM aura na asamudra hii| naya pramANase utpanna hotA hai, ataH pramANAtmaka hokara bhI aMzagrAhI honeke kAraNa pUrNa pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, aura apramANa to vaha ho hI nahIM sakatA / ataH jaise ghar3ekA jala samudra kadeza hai asamudra nahIM, usI taraha naya bhI pramANakadeza hai, apramANa nhiiN| nayake dvArA grahaNa kI jAnevAlI vastu bhI na to pUrNa vastu kahI jA sakatI hai aura na avastu; kintu vaha 'vastvekadeza' hI ho sakatI hai| tAtparya yaha ki pramANasAgarakA vaha aMza naya hai jise jJAtAne apane abhiprAyake pAtrameM bhara liyA hai / usakA utpattisthAna samudra hI hai para usameM vaha vizAlatA aura samagratA 1. 'nAyaM vastu na cAvastu vastvaMzaH kathyate yataH / nAmamudraH samudro vA samudrAMzo yathocyate // ' -ta0 zlo0 146 / nayavivaraNa shlo06|
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________________ naya-vicAra 443 mahIM hai jisase usameM saba samA skeN| choTe-bar3e pAtra apanI maryAdAke anusAra hI to jala grahaNa karate haiN| pramANakI raMgazAlAmeM naya aneka rUpoM aura vezoMmeM apanA nATaka racatA hai| sunaya, dunaya : ___ yadyapi anekAntAtmaka vastuke eka-eka anta arthAt dharmoko viSaya karanevAle abhiprAyavizeSa pramANakI hI santAna haiM, para inameM yadi sumela, paraspara prIti aura apekSA hai to hI ye sunaya hai, anyathA durnaya / sunaya anekAntAtmaka vastuke amuka aMzako mukhyabhAvase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoMkA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA, unakI ora taTasthabhAva rakhatA hai / jaise bApakI jAyadAdameM sabhI santAnoMkA samAna haka hotA hai aura sapUta vahI kahA jAtA hai jo apane anya bhAiyoMke hakako ImAnadArIse svIkAra karatA hai, unake har3apanekI ceSTA kabhI bhI nahIM karatA, kintu sadbhAva hI utpanna karatA hai, usI taraha anantadharmA vastumeM sabhI nayoMkA samAna adhikAra hai aura sunaya vahI kahA jAyagA jo apane aMzako mukhya rUpase grahaNa karake bhI anyake aMzoMko gauNa to kare para unakA nirAkaraNa na kare, unakI apekSA kare arthAt unake astitvako svIkAra kare / jo dUsarekA nirAkaraNa karatA hai aura apanA hI adhikAra jamAtA hai vaha kalahakArI kapUtakI taraha durnaya kahalAtA hai| pramANameM pUrNa vastu samAtI hai| naya eka aMzako mukhya rUpase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoko gauNa karatA hai, para unakI apekSA rakhatA hai, tiraskAra to kabhI bhI nahIM krtaa| kintu durnaya anyanirapekSa hokara anyakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| pramANa' 'tat aura atat' sabhIko jAnatA 1. 'dharmAntarAdAnopekSAhAnilakSaNatvAt pramANana ya-durnayAnAM prakArAntarAsaMbhavAcca / pramANAttadatatsvabhAvapratipatteH tatpratipatteH tadanyanirAkRtezca / ' -aSTaza0, aSTasaha0 pR0 290 /
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________________ 444 jainadarzana hai, nayameM kevala 'tat' kI pratipatti hotI hai, para durnaya anyakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai / 'pramANa 'sat' ko grahaNa karatA hai, aura naya 'syAt sat' isa taraha sApekSa rUpase jAnatA hai jaba ki durnaya 'sadeva' aisA avadhAraNakara anyakA tiraskAra karatA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki sApekSatA hI nayako prANa hai| AcArya siddhasenane apane sanmatisUtra ( 1121-25 ) meM kahA haiM ki "tamhA savve vi NayA micchAdiTThI sapakkhapaDibaddhA / aNNoNNaNissiA uNa havanti sammattasabbhAvA / / " -sanmati0 1 // 22 // ve sabhI naya mithyAdRSTi haiM jo apane hI pakSakA Agraha karate haiMparakA niSedha karate haiM, kintu jaba ve hI paraspara sApekSa aura AnyonyAzrita hote haiM taba samyaktvake sadbhAvavAle hote haiM arthAt samyagdRSTi hote haiN| jaise aneka prakArake guNavAlo vaiDUrya Adi maNiyA~ mahAmUlyavAlI hokara bhI yadi eka sUtrameM piroI huI na hoM, paraspara ghaTaka na hoM to 'ratnAvalI' saMjJA nahIM pA sakatIM, usI taraha apane niyata vAdoMkA Agraha rakhanevAle paraspara-nirapekSa naya samyaktvapaneko nahIM pA sakate, bhale hI ve apane-apane pakSake liye kitane hI mahattvake kyoM na hoN| jisa prakAra ve hI maNiyA~ eka sUtameM piroIM jAkara 'ratnAvalI yA ratnAhAra' bana jAtI hai usI taraha sabhI naya parasparasApekSa hokara samyakpaneko prApta ho jAte haiM, ve sunaya bana jAte haiN| antameM ve kahate haiM1. 'sadeva sat syAt saditi tridhAthoM moyeta dunItinayapramANaiH / ' -anyayogavya0 zlo0 28 / 2. 'nirapekSA naya mithyAH sApekSA vastu te'rthakRt / ' -AptamI0 zlo0 108 / T
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________________ naya-vicAra "je vayaNijaviyappA suMjujjatesu hoMti eesu / sA sasamayapaNNavaNA titthayarAsAyaNA aNNA // " -sanmati0 1153 / jo vacanavikalparUpI naya paraspara sambaddha hokara svaviSayakA pratipAdana karate hai vaha unakI svasamayaprajJApanA hai tathA anya-nirapekSavRtti tIrthaGkarakI AsAdanA hai| AcArya kundakunda isI tattvako bar3I mArmika rItise samajhAte hai"doNha vi NayANa bhaNiyaM jANai NabaraM tu smypddibddho| Na du NayapakkhaM giNhadi kizci vi NayapakkhaparihINo // " -samayasAra gAthA 143 / svasamayo vyakti donoM nayoMke vaktavyako jAnatA to hai, para kisI eka nayakA tiraskAra karake dUsare nayake pakSako grahaNa nahIM krtaa| vaha eka nayako dvitIyasApekSarUpase hI grahaNa karatA hai| vastu jaba anantadharmAtmaka hai taba svabhAvataH eka-eka dharmako pahaNa karanevAle abhiprAya bhI ananta hI hoMge; bhale hI unake vAcaka pRthak-pRthak zabda na mileM, para jitane zabda haiM unake vAcya dharmoko jAnanevAle utane abhiprAya to avazya hI hote haiN| yAnI abhiprAyoMkI saMkhyAkI apekSA hama nayoMkI sImA na bA~dha sakeM, para yaha to sunizcitarUpase kaha hI sakate haiM ki jitane zabda haiM utane to naya avazya ho sakate haiM; kyoMki koI bhI vacanamArga abhiprAyake binA ho hI nahIM sktaa| aise aneka abhiprAya to saMbhava hai jinake vAcaka zabda na mileM, para aisA eka bhI sArthaka zabda nahIM ho sakatA, jo binA abhiprAyake prayukta hotA ho / ataH sAmAnyatayA jitane zabda hai utane naya haiN| 1. "jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA hoMti nnyvaayaa|" -snmti0-347||
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________________ 446 jainadarzana yaha vidhAna yaha mAnakara kiyA jAtA hai ki pratyeka zabda vastuke kisI-na-kisI dharmakA vAcaka hotA hai / isIliye tattvArthabhASya (1 / 34) meM 'ye naya kyA eka vastuke viSayameM paraspara virodhI tantroMke matavAda hai yA jainAcAryoMke ho paraspara matabheda haiM ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna karate hue spaSTa likhA hai ki 'na to ye tantrAntarIya matavAda hai aura na AcAryoMke hI pArasparika matabheda haiM ?' kintu jJeya arthako jAnanevAle nAnA adhyavasAya hai|' eka hI vastuko apekSAbhedase yA aneka dRSTikoNoMse grahaNa karanevAle vikalpa haiM / ve havAI kalpanAe~ nahIM hai / aura na zekhacilloke vicAra hI haiM, kintu arthako nAnA prakArase jAnanevAle abhiprAyavizeSa haiN| ye niviSaya na hokara jJAna, zabda yA artha kisI-na-kisIko viSaya avazya karate haiN| isakA viveka karanA jJAtAkA kArya hai / jaise eka hI loka satkI apekSA eka hai, jIva aura ajIvake bhedase tIna, cAra prakArake dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvarUpa honese cAra; pAMca astikAyoMkI apekSA pAMca aura chaha dravyoMkI apekSA chaha prakArakA kahA jA sakatA hai / ye apekSAbhedase honevAle vikalpa haiM, mAtra matabheda yA vivAda nahIM haiN| usI taraha nayavAda bhI apekSAbhedase honevAle vastuke vibhinna adhyavasAya haiM / do naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika : isa taraha sAmAnyatayA abhiprAyoMkI anantatA honepara bhI unheM do vibhAgoMmeM bAMTA jA sakatA hai-eka abhedako grahaNa karanevAle aura dUsare bhedako grahaNa karane vAle / vastumeM svarUpataH abheda hai, vaha akhaMDa hai aura apanemeM eka maulika hai / use aneka guNa, paryAya aura dharmoke dvArA anekarUpameM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| abhedagrAhiNI dRSTi dravyadRSTi kahI jAtI hai aura bhedagrAhiNI dRSTi paryAyadRSTi / dravyako mukhyarUpase grahaNa karanevAlA naya dravyAstika yA avyucchitti naya kahalAtA hai aura paryAyako grahaNa karanevAlA naya paryAyAstika yA vyucchitti naya / abheda arthAt sAmAnya
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________________ naya-vicAra 447 aura bheda yAnI vishess| vastuoMmeM abheda aura bhedakI kalpanAke do-do prakAra haiN| abhedakI eka kalpanA to eka akhaMDa maulika dravyameM apanI dravyazaktike kAraNa vivakSita abheda hai, jo dravya yA UrdhvatAsAmAnya kahA jAtA hai| yaha apanI kAlakramase honevAlI kramika paryAyoMmeM Uparase nIce taka vyApta rahaneke kAraNa urdhvatAsAmAnya kahalAtA hai| yaha jisa prakAra apanI kramika pryaayoko vyApta karatA hai usI taraha apane sahabhAvI guNa aura dharmoko bhI vyApta karatA hai / dUsarI abheda-kalpanA vibhinnasattAka aneka dravyoMmeM saMgrahakI dRSTise ko jAtI hai| yaha kalpanA zabdavyavahArake nirvAhake liye sAdRzyakI apekSAse kI jAtI hai| aneka svatantrasattAka manuSyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka manuSyatva jAtikI apekSA manuSyatva sAmAnyakI kalpanA tiryaksAmAnya kahalAtI hai / yaha aneka dravyoMmeM tirachI calatI hai| eka dravyakI paryAyoMmeM honevAlI eka bhedakalpanA paryAyavizeSa kahalAtI hai tathA vibhinna dravyoMmeM pratIta honevAlo dUsarI bheda kalpanA vyatirekavizeSa kaho jAtI hai| isa prakAra donoM prakArake abhedoMko viSaya karanevAlI dRSTi dravyadRSTi hai aura donoM bhedoMko viSaya karanevAlI dRSTi paryAyadRSTi hai / paramArtha aura vyavahAra : paramArthataH pratyeka dravyagata abhedako grahaNa karanevAlI dRSTi hI dravyArthika aura pratyeka dravyagata paryAyabhedako jAnanevAlI dRSTi hI paryAyAthika hotI hai / aneka dravyagata abheda aupacArika aura vyAvahArika hai, ataH anameM sAdRzyamUlaka abheda bhI vyAvahArika hI hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| aneka dravyoMkA bheda pAramArthika hI hai / 'manuSyatva' mAtra sAdRzyamUlaka kalpanA hai| koI eka aisA manuSyatva nAmakA padArtha nahIM hai, jo aneka manuSyadravyoMmeM motiyoMmeM sUtako taraha piroyA gayA ho| sAdRzya bhI anekaniSTha dharma nahIM hai, kintu pratyeka vyaktimeM rahatA hai| usakA vyavahAra avazya parasApekSa hai, para svarUpa to pratyekaniSTha hI hai / ataH kinhIM bhI sajAtIya yA vijA
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________________ 448 jainadarzana tIya aneka dravyoMkA sAdRzyamUlaka abhedase saMgraha kevala vyAvahArika hai, pAramArthika nahIM / ananta pudgalaparamANudravyoMko pudgalatvena eka kahanA vyavahArake liye hai / do pRthak paramANuoM kI sattA kabhI bhI eka nahIM ho sakatI / eka dravyagata UrdhvatAsAmAnyako chor3akara jitanI bhI abhedakalpanAe~ avAntarasAmAnya yA mahAsAmAnyake nAmase kI jAtI haiM, ve saba vyAvahArika hai / unakA vastusthitise itanA hI sambandha hai ki ve zabdoM ke dvArA una pRthak vastuoM kA saMgraha kara rahIM hai / jisa prakAra anekadravyagata abheda vyAvahArika hai usI taraha eka dravyameM kAlika paryAyabheda vAstavika hokara bhI unameM guNabheda aura dharmabheda usa akhaMDa anirvacanIya vastuko samajhane-samajhAne aura kahaneke liye kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pRthak siddha dravyoM ko hama vizleSaNakara alaga svatantrabhAvase ginA sakate haiM usa taraha kisI eka dravyake guNa aura dharmoMkoM nahIM batA sakate / ataH paramArthadravyArthikanaya ekadravyagata abhedako viSaya karatA hai, aura vyavahAra paryAyAthika ekadravyako kramika paryAyoMke kalpita bhedako / vyavahAradravyArthika anekadravyagata kalpita abhedako jAnatA hai aura paramArtha paryAyArthika do dravyoMke vAstavika paraspara bhedako jAnatA hai / vastuta; vyavahAraparyAyArthikakI sImA eka dravyagata guNabheda aura dharmabheda taka hI hai / dravyAstika aura dravyArthika : tatvArthavArtika ( 1 / 33 ) meM dravyAthika ke sthAna meM AnevAlA dravyAstika aura paryAyArthikake sthAnameM AnevAlA paryAyAstika zabda isI sUkSmabhedako sUcita karatA hai / dravyAstikakA tAtparya hai ki jo ekadravyake paramArtha astitvako viSaya kare aura tanmUlaka hI abhedakA prakhyApana kare / paryAyAstika ekadravyakI vAstavika kramika paryAyoMke astitvako mAnakara unhIM ke AdhAra se bhedavyavahAra karatA hai / isa dRSTise anekadravyagata paramArtha bhedako paryAyArthika viSaya karake bhI unake bhedako kisI dravyakI
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________________ naya-vicAra 449 paryAya nahIM maantaa| yahA~ paryAyazabdakA prayoga vyavahArArtha hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki ekadravyagata abhedako dravyAstika aura paramArtha dravyAthika, ekadravyagata paryAyabhedako paryAyAstika aura vyavahAra paryAyArthika, anekadravyoMke sAdRzyamUlaka abhedako vyavahAra dravyArthika tathA anekadravyagata bhedako paramArtha paryAyAthika jAnatA hai| anekadravyagata bhedako hama 'paryAya' zabdase vyavahArake lie hI kahate hai / isa taraha bhedAbhedAtmaka yA anantadharmAtmaka jJeyame jJAtAke abhiprAyAnusAra bheda yA abhedako mukhya aura itarako gauNa karake dravyAthika aura paryAyAthika nayoMkI pravRtti hotI hai| kahA~, kauna-sA bheda yA abheda vivakSita hai, yaha mamajhanA vaktA aura zrotAkI kuzalatApara nirbhara karatA hai| yahA~ yaha spaSTa samajha lenA cAhie ki paramArtha abheda ekadravyameM hI hotA hai aura paramArtha bheda do svatantra drvyome| isI taraha vyAvahArika abheda do pRthak dravyoMme sAdRzyamUlaka hotA hai aura vyAvahArika bheda ekadravyake do guNoM, dharmoM yA paryAyoMme paraspara hotA hai / dravyakA apane guNa, dharma aura paryAyose vyAvahArika bheda hI hotA hai, paramArthataH to unakI sattA abhinna hI hai| tIna prakArake padArtha aura nikSepa : tIrthakaroM ke dvArA upadiSTa samasta arthakA maMgraha inhIM do nayoMmeM ho jAtA hai| unakA kathana yA to abhedapradhAna hotA hai yA bhedapradhAna / jagatameM Thosa aura maulika astitva yadyapi dravyakA hai aura paramArtha arthasaMjJA bhI isI guNa-paryAyavAle dravyako dI jAtI hai / parantu vyavahAra kevala paramArtha arthase hI nahIM calatA / ataH vyavahArake liye padArthokA nikSepa zabda, jJAna aura artha tIna prakArase kiyA jAtA hai / jAti, dravya, guNa, kriyA Adi nimittoMkI apekSA kiye binA hI icchAnusAra saMjJA rakhanA 'nAma' kahalAtA hai| jaise-kisI lar3akekA 'gajarAja' yaha nAma zabdAtmaka arthakA AdhAra 26
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________________ 450 jainadarzana hotA hai| jisakA nAmakaraNa ho cukA hai usa padArthakA usIke AkAra vAlI vastumeM yA atadAkAra vastumeM sthApanA karanA 'sthApanA' nikSepa hai| jaise-hAthIkI mUrtimeM hAthIko sthApanA yA zataraMjake muhareko hAtho khnaa| yaha jJAnAtmaka arthakA Azraya hotA hai| atIta aura anAgata paryAyakI yogyatAkI dRSTise padArthameM vaha vyavahAra karanA 'dravya' nikSepa hai / jaise-yuvarAjako rAjA kahanA yA jisane rAjapada chor3a diyA hai use bhI vartamAnameM rAjA kahanA / vartamAna paryAyakI dRSTise honevAlA vyavahAra 'bhAva' nikSepa hai jaise-rAjya karanevAleko rAjA kahanA / isameM paramArtha artha-dravya aura bhAva haiN| jJAnAtmaka artha sthApanA nikSepa aura zabdAtmaka artha tAmanikSepameM gabhita hai| yadi baccA zerake liye rotA hai to use zerakA yadAkara khilaunA dekara hI vyavahAra nibhAyA jA sakatA hai| jagatake samasta zAbdika vyavahAra zabdase hI cala rahe hai| dravya aura bhAva padArthakI traikAlika paryAyoMmeM honevAle vyavahArake AdhAra banate hai / 'gajarAjako bulA lAo' yaha yaha kahane para isa nAmaka vyakti ho bulAyA jAtA hai, na ki vanarAja haathii| rAjyAbhiSekake samaya yuvarAja hI 'rAjA sAhiba' kahe jAte hai aura rAja-sabhAmeM vartamAna rAjA hI 'rAjA' kahA jAtA hai| ityAdi samasta vyavahAra kahIM zabda, kahIM artha aura kahI sthApanA arthAt jJAnase calate hue dekhe jAte hai| ___ aprastutakA nirAkaraNa karake prastutakA bodha karAnA, saMzayako dUra karanA aura tattvArthakA avadhAraNa karanA nikSena-prakriyAkA prayojana hai| prAcIna zailImeM pratyeka zabdake prayogake samaya nikSepa karake samajhAneko prakriyA dekhI jAtI hai / jaise-'ghar3A lAo' isa vAkyameM samajhAeMge ki 1. "uktaM hi-avagayaNivAraNa payadassa parUvaNANimittaM ca / saMsayaviNAsaNaTuM taccatthavadhAraNa, ca // -dhavalA TI0 stp|
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________________ naya-vicAra 451 'ghar3A' zabdase nAmaghaTa, sthApanAghaTa aura dravyaghaTa vivakSita nahIM, kintu 'bhAvaghaTa' vivakSita hai / zerake liye ronevAle bAlakako cupa karaneke liye nAmazera, dravyazera aura bhAvazera nahIM cAhiye; kintu sthApanAzera cAhiye / 'gajarAjako bulAo' yahA~ sthApanAgajarAja, dravyagajarAja yA bhAvagajarAja nahIM bulAyA jAtA kintu 'nAma gajarAja' hI bulAyA jAtA hai / ataH aprastutakA nirAkaraNa karake prastutakA jJAna karanA nikSepakA mukhya prayojana hai| tIna aura sAta naya: __ isa taraha jaba hama pratyeka padArthako artha, zabda aura jJAnake AkAroMme bAMTate hai to inake grAhaka jJAna bhI svabhAvataH tIna zreNiyoMme ba~Ta jAte hai-jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya / kucha vyavahAra kevala jJAnAzrayI hote hai, unameM arthaka tathAbhUta honeko cintA nahIM hotI, ve kevala saMkalpase calate hai| jaise-Aja 'mahAvIra jayaMtI' hai / arthake AdhArase calane vAle vyavahArame eka ora nitya, eka aura vyApI rUpame carama abhedakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai, to dUsarI ora kSaNikatva, paramANutva aura niraMzatvakI dRSTise antima bhedakI kalpanA / tIsarI kalpanA ina donoM carama koTiyoke madhyakI hai| pahalI koTime sarvathA abheda-ekatva svIkAra karane vAle auSaniSada advaitavAdI hai to dUsarI ora vastuko sUkSmatama vartamAnakSaNavartI arthaparyAyake Upara dRSTi rakhanevAle kSaNika niraMza paramANuvAdI bauddha hai| tIsarI koTime padArthako nAnArUpase vyavahArame lAnevAle naiyAyika, baizeSika Adi hai / cauthe prakArake vyakti hai bhASAzAstrI / ye eka hI arthame vibhinna zabdoMke prayogako mAnate hai, parantu zabdanaya zabdabhedase arthabhedako anivArya samajhatA hai / ina sabhI prakArake vyavahAroMke samanvayake liye jaina paramparAne 'naya-paddhati' svIkAra kI hai / nayakA artha hai-abhiprAya, dRSTi, vivakSA yA apekssaa|
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________________ 452 jainadarzana jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya : ____inameM jJAnAzrita vyavahArakA saMkalpamAtragrAhI naigamanayameM samAveza hotA hai / arthAzrita abheda vyavahArakA, jo "AtmaivedaM sarvam" "ekasmin vA vijJAte sarva vijJAtam" Adi upanipad-vAkyoMse prakaTa hotA hai, saMgrahanayameM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai| isase nIce tathA eka paramANukI vartamAnakAlIna eka arthaparyAyase pahale honevAle yAvat madhyavartI bhedoMko, jinameM naiyAyika, vaizeSikAdi darzana hai, vyavahAranayameM zAmila kiyA gayA hai / arthakI AkhirI deza-koTi paramANurUpatA tathA antima kAla-koTimeM kSaNikatAko grahaNa karanevAlI bauddhadRSTi RjumUtranayameM sthAna pAtI hai / yahA~ taka arthako sAmane rakhakara bheda aura abheda kalpita hue haiM / aba zabdazAstriyoMkA nambara AtA hai / kAla, kAraka, saMkhyA tathA dhAtuke sAtha laganevAle bhinna-bhinna upasarga Adise prayukta honevAle zabdoMke vAcya artha bhinna-bhinna haiM / isa kAla-kArakAdivAcaka zabdabhedase arthabheda grahaNa karane vAlI dRSTikA zabdanayameM samAveza hotA hai| eka hI sAdhanase niSpanna tathA ekakAlavAcaka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote hai / ataH ina paryAyavAcI zabdoMse bhI arthabheda mAnanevAlI dRSTi samabhirUDhameM sthAna pAtI hai / evambhUta naya kahatA hai ki jisa samaya, jo artha, jisa kriyAmeM pariNata ho, usI samaya, usameM, tatkriyAse niSpanna zabdakA prayoga honA cAhiye / isako dRSTise sabhI zabda kriyAse niSpanna haiN| guNavAcaka 'zukla' zabda zucibhavanarUpa kriyAse, jAtivAcaka 'azva' zabda AzugamanarUpa kriyAse, kriyAvAcaka 'calati' zabda calanerUpa kriyAse aura nAmavAcaka yadRcchAzabda 'devadatta' Adi bhI 'devane isako diyA' Adi kriyAoMse niSpanna hote haiM / isa taraha jJAnAzrayI, arthAzrayo aura zabdAzrayo samasta vyavahAroMkA samanvaya ina nayoMmeM kiyA gayA hai| mUla naya sAtaH nayoMke mUla bheda sAta hai-naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, sama
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________________ naya-vicAra 453 bhirUDha aura evaMbhUta / AcArya siddhasena ( sanmati0 1 / 4-5 ) abhedagrAhI nagamakA saMgrahameM tathA bhedagrAhI naigamakA vyavahAranayameM antarbhAva karake nayoMke chaha bheda hI mAnate haiM / tattvArthabhASyameM nayoMke mUla bheda pA~ca mAnakara phira zabdanayake tIna bheda karake nayoMke sAta bheda ginAye haiN| naigamanayake dezaparikSepI aura sarvaparikSepI bheda bhI tattvArthabhASya (1134-35) meM pAye jAte haiM / SaTkhaMDAgamameM nayoMke nagamAdi zabdAnta pA~ca bheda ginAye haiM, para kasAyapAhuDameM mUla pA~ca bheda ginAkara zabdanayake tIna bheda kara diye haiM aura naigamanayake saMgrahika aura asaMgrahika do bheda bhI kiye hai / isa taraha sAta naya mAnanA prAyaH sarvasammata hai / naigamanaya: saMkalpamAtrako grahaNa karanevAlA naigamanaya' hotA hai| jaise koI puruSa daravAjA banAneke liye lakar3I kATane jaMgala jA rahA hai| pUchanepara vaha kahatA hai ki 'daravAjA lene jA rahA huuN|' yahAM daravAjA banAneke saMkalpameM hI 'daravAjA' vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| saMkalya satameM bhI hotA hai aura asatmeM bhii| isI naigamanayakI maryAdAmeM anekoM aupacArika vyavahAra bhI Ate haiM / 'Aja mahAvIra jayantI hai' ityAdi vyavahAra isI nayakI dRSTise kiye jAte haiM / nigama gA~vako kahate haiM, ataH gAMvoMmeM jisa prakArake grAmINa vyavahAra calate hai ve saba isI nayakI dRSTise hote haiM / akalaMkadevane dharma aura dharmI donoMko gauNa-mukhyabhAvase grahaNa karanA naigama nayakA kArya batAyA hai / jaise-'jIvaH' kahanese jJAnAdi guNa gauNa hokara 'jIva dravya' hI mukhyarUpase vivakSita hotA hai aura 'jJAnavAn jIvaH' kahanemeM jJAna-guNa mukhya ho jAtA hai aura jIva-dravya gaunn| yaha na kevala dharmako hI grahaNa karatA hai aura na kevala dharmIko hI / vivakSAnusAra donoM 1. "anabhinirvRttArthasaMkalpamAtragrAhI naigamaH / " sarvArthasi0 1 // 33 / 2. lagho0 sva0 zloka 39 /
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________________ 154 jainadarzana hI isake viSaya hote hai / bheda aura abheda donoM hI isake kAryakSetrameM Ate hai| do dharmomeM, do dharmiyoMmeM tathA dharma aura dharmImeM ekako pradhAna tathA anyako gauNa karake grahaNa karanA naigamanayakA hI kArya hai, jaba ki saMgrahanaya kevala abhedako hI viSaya karatA hai aura vyavahAranaya mAtra bhedako hii| yaha kisI ekapara niyata nahIM rahatA / ataH ise (naikaM gamaH) naigama kahate hai| kArya-kAraNa aura AdhAra-Adheya AdikI dRSTise honevAle sabhI prakAra ke upacAroMko bhI yahI viSaya karatA hai| naigamAbhAsa: avayava-avayavI, guNa-guNI, kriyA-kriyAvAn, sAmAnya aura sAmAnyavAn Adime sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki guNa guNIse pRthak apanI sattA nahIM rakhatA aura na guNoMkI upekSA karake guNI hI apanA astitva rakha sakatA hai / ataH inameM kathaMcittAdAtmya sambandha mAnanA hI ucita hai| isI taraha avayava-avayavI, kriyA-kriyAvAna tathA sAmAnya-vizeSameM bhI kathaMcittAdAtmya sambandhako chor3akara dUsarA sambandha nahIM hai / yadi guNa Adi guNI Adise sarvathA bhinna, svatantra padArtha hoM; to uname niyata sambandha na honeke kAraNa guNa-guNIbhAva Adi nahIM bana skeNge| kathaMcittAdAtmyakA artha hai ki guNa Adi guNI Adi rUpa hI hai-unase bhinna nahIM hai| jo svayaM jJAnarUpa nahIM hai vaha jJAnake samavAyase bhI 'jJa' kaise bana sakatA hai ? ataH vaizeSikakA guNa AdikA guNI Adise sarvathA nirapekSa bheda mAnanA negamAbhAsa hai| sAMkhyakA jJAna aura sukha Adiko AtmAse bhinna mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai / sAMkhyakA kahanA hai ki triguNAtmaka prakRtike sukha-jJAnAdika dharma hai, ve 1. ta0 zlokavA0 zlo0 269 / 2. dhavalATI. stprruu| 3. lagho0 sva0 zlo039 /
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________________ naya- vicAra 455 usImeM AvirbhUta aura tirohita hote rahate haiM / isI prakRti ke saMsargase puruSameM jJAnAdikI pratIti hotI hai / prakRti isa jJAnasukhAdirUpa 'vyaktakAryakI' dRSTise dRzya hai tathA apane kAraNarUpa 'avyakta' svarUpase adRzya hai / cetana puruSa kUTastha - apariNAmI nitya hai / caitanya buddhise bhinna hai / ataH cetana puruSakA dharma buddhi nahIM haiM / isa taraha sAMkhyakA jJAna aura AtmA meM sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki caitanya aura jJAnameM koI bheda nahIM hai / buddhi upalabdhi caitanya aura jJAna Adi sabhI paryAyavAcI haiM / sukha aura jJAnAdiko sarvathA anitya aura puruSako sarvathA nitya mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki kUTastha nitya puruSameM prakRti ke saMsargase bhI bandha, mokSa aura bhoga Adi nahIM bana sakate / ataH puruSako pariNAmI nitya hI mAnanA cAhiye, tabhI usameM bandha-mokSAdi vyavahAra ghaTa sakate haiM / tAtparya yaha ki abhedanirapekSa sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai / saMgraha aura saMgrahAbhAsa : aneka paryAyoMko ekadravyarUpase yA aneka dravyoMko sAdRzya-mUlaka ekatvarUpase abhedagrAhI saMgraha naya hotA hai / isakI dRSTimeM vidhi ho mukhya hai / dravyako chor3akara paryAyeM haiM hI nahIM / yaha do prakArakA hotA hai-- eka parasaMgraha aura dUsarA aparasaMgraha / parasaMgraha meM satarUpase samasta padArthoMkA saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai tathA aparasaMgraha meM ekadravyarUpase samasta paryAyoMkA tathA dravyarUpase samasta dravyoMkA, guNarUpase samasta guNoMkA, gotvarUpase samasta gauoMkA, manuSyatvarUpase samasta manuSyoMkA ityAdi saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai / yaha aparasaMgraha taba taka calatA hai jaba taka bhedamUlaka vyavahAra apanI caramakoTi taka nahIM pahu~ca jAtA / arthAt jaba vyavahAranaya 1. 'zuddha dravyamabhipraiti saMgrahastadabhedataH / ' -laghI0 zlo0 32 /
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________________ 456 jainadarzana bheda karate-karate RjusUtranayakI viSayabhUta eka vartamAnakAlIna kSaNavartI arthaparyAya taka pahu~catA hai yAnI saMgraha karaneke liye do raha hI nahIM jAte, taba aparasaMgrahako maryAdA samApta ho jAtI hai| parasaMgrahake bAda aura RjusUtranayase pahale aparasaMgraha aura vyavahAranayakA samAna kSetra hai, para dRSTimeM bheda hai / jaba aparasaMgrahameM sAdRzyamUlaka yA dravyamUlaka abhedadRSTi mukhya hai aura isIliye vaha ekatva lAkara saMgraha karatA hai taba vyavahAra nayameM bhedako hI pradhAnatA hai, vaha paryAya-paryAyameM bhI bheda DAlatA hai| parasaMgrahanayakI dRSTi meM sadrUpase mabho padArtha eka haiM, unameM kisI prakArakA bheda nahIM hai| jIva, ajIva Adi sabhI sadarUpase abhinna haiN| jisa prakAra eka citrajJAna apane aneka nIlAdi AkAroMmeM vyApta haiM usI taraha sanmAtra tattva sabhI padArthoM meM vyApta hai| jIva, ajIva Adi sabhI usIke bheda haiN| koI bhI jJAna sanmAtratattvako jAne binA bhedoMko nahIM jAna sakatA / koI bhI bheda sanmAtrase bAhara arthAt asat nahIM hai / pratyakSa cAhe cetana sukhAdi meM pravRtti kare, yA bAhya acetana nIlAdi padArthoko jAne, vaha sadrUpase abhedAMzako viSaya karatA hI hai| itanA dhyAna rakhanekI bAta hai ki ekadravyamUlaka paryAyoMke saMgrahake sivAya anya sabhI prakArake saMgraha sAdRzyamUlaka ekatvakA Aropa karake hI hote hai aura ve kevala saMkSipta zabdavyavahArakI suvidhAke liye haiN| do svatantra dravyoMmeM cAhe ve sajAtIya hoM, yA vijA. tIya, vAstavika ekatva A hI nahIM sktaa| __saMgrahanayakI isa abhedadRSTise sIdhI Takkara lenevAlI bauddhakI bhedadRSTi hai, jisameM abhedako kalpanAtmaka kahakara usakA vastumeM koI sthAna hI nahIM rahane diyA hai| isa Atyantika bhedake kAraNa hI bauddha avayavI, sthUla, nitya Adi abhedadRSTike vipayabhUta padArthoM kI sattA hI nahIM mAnate / nityAMza kAlika abhedake AdhArapara sthira hai; kyoMki jaba vahI eka dravya trikAlAnuyAyI hotA hai tabhI vaha nitya kahA jA sakatA hai| avayavI aura sthUlatA daizika abhedake AdhArase mAne jAte haiN| jaba eka
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________________ naya-vicAra 457 vastu aneka avayavoMmeM kathaJcittAdAtmyarUpase vyApti rakhe, tabhI vaha ava. yavIvyapadeza pA sakatI hai / sthUlatAmeM bhI anekapradezavyApitvarUpa daizika abhedadRSTi hI apekSaNIya hotI hai| isa nayako dRSTise kaha sakate haiM 'vizva sanmAtrarUpa hai, eka hai, advaita hai; kyoMki sadrUpase cetana aura acetanameM koI bheda nahIM hai / ___advayabrahmavAda saMgrahAbhAsa hai; kyoMki isameM bhedakA "neha nAnAsti kiJcana" ( kaThopa0 4 / 11 ) kahakara sarvathA nirAkaraNa kara diyA hai| saMgrahanayameM abheda mukhya honepara bhI bhedakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA, vaha gauNa avazya ho jAtA hai, para usake astitvase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| advayabrahmavAdameM kAraka aura kriyAoMke pratyakSasiddha bhedakA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| karmadvaita, phaladvaita, lokadvaita, vidyA-avidyAdvaita Adi sabhIkA lopa isa matameM prApta hotA hai / ataH sAMgrahika vyavahArake liye bhale hI parasaMgrahanaya jagatake samasta padArthoMko 'sat' kaha le, para isase pratyeka dravyake maulika astitvakA lopa nahIM ho sktaa| vijJAnakI prayogazAlA pratyeka aNukA apanA svatantra astitva svIkAra karatI hai| ataH saMgrahanayakI upayogitA abhedavyavahArake liye hI hai, vastusthitikA lopa karaneke liye nhiiN| isI taraha zabdAdvaita bhI saMgrahAbhAsa hai / yaha isaliye ki isameM bhedakA aura dravyoMke usa maulika astitvakA nirAkaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai, jo pramANase prasiddha to hai hI, vijJAnane bhI jise pratyakSa kara dikhAyA hai| vyavahAra aura vyavahArAbhAsa : saMgrahanayake dvArA saMgRhIta arthameM vidhipUrvaka, avisaMvAdI aura vastu 1. 'sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt' -tattvArthabhA0 1 / 35 /
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________________ 458 jainadarzana sthitimUlaka bheda karanevAlA vyavahAranaya' hai| yaha vyavahAranaya lokaprasiddha vyavahArakA avirodhI hotA hai| lokavyavahAravirudva, visaMvAdI aura vastusthitikI upekSA karanevAlI bhedakalpanA vyavahArAbhAsa hai| lokavyavahAra artha, zabda aura jJAna tInoMse calatA hai| jIvavyavahAra jIva-artha jIva-viSayaka jJAna aura jIva-zabda tInoMse sadhatA hai| 'vastu utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyavAlI hai, dravya guNa-paryAya vAlA hai, jIva caitanyarUpa hai' ityAdi bhedaka-vAkya pramANAvirodhI haiM tathA lokavyavahArameM avisaMvAdI honese pramANa haiM / ye vastugata abhedakA nirAkaraNa na karaneke kAraNa tathA pUrvAparAvirodhI honese satvyavahArake viSaya haiM / sautrAntikakA jar3a yA cetana sabhI padArthoMko sarvathA kSaNika niraMza aura paramANurUpa mAnanA, yogAcArakA kSaNika avibhAgI vijJAnAdvaita mAnanA, mAdhyamikakA nirAvalambana jJAna yA sarvazUnyatA svIkAra karanA pramANavirodhI aura lokavyavahArameM visaMvAdaka honese vyavahArAbhAsa haiM / jo bheda vastuke apane nijI maulika ekatvako apekSA rakhatA hai, vaha vyavahAra hai aura abhedakA sarvathA nirAkaraNa karanevAlA vyavahArAbhAsa hai| do svatantra dravyoMmeM vAstavika bheda hai, unameM sAdRzyake kAraNa abheda Aropita hotA hai, jaba ki ekadravyake guNa aura paryAyoMmeM vAstavika abheda hai, unameM bheda usa akhaNDa vastukA vizleSaNa kara samajhaneke lie kalpita hotA hai / isa mUla vastusthitiko lAMghakara bhedakalpanA yA abhedakalpanA tadAbhAsa hotI hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| vizvake ananta dravyoMkA apanA vyaktitva maulika bhedapara hI TikA huA hai| eka dravyake guNAdikA bheda . 'saMgrahanayAkSiptAnAmarthAnAM vidhipUrvakamavaharaNaM vyvhaarH|' -sarvArthasi0 1133 / 'kalpanAropitadravyaparyAyapravibhAgabhAk / pramANabAdhito'nyastu tadAbhAso'vasIyatAm ||'-t0 zlo0 pR0 271 /
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________________ naya-vicAra 459 vastutaH mithyA kahA jA sakatA hai aura use avidyAkalpita kahakara pratyeka dravyake advaita taka pahu~ca sakate haiM, para ananta advaitoMmeM to kyA, do advatoMmeM bhI abhedako kalpanA usI taraha aupacArika hai, jaise senA, vana, prAnta aura deza AdikI klpnaa| vaizeSikakI pratItiviruddha dravyAdibhedakalpanA bhI vyavahArAbhAsameM AtI hai / RjusUtra aura tadAbhAsa: vyavahAranaya taka bheda aura abhedakI kalpanA mukhyatayA aneka dravyoMko sAmane rakhakara calatI hai| 'eka dravyameM bhI kAlakramase paryAyabheda hotA hai aura vartamAna kSaNakA atIta aura anAgatase koI sambandha nahIM hai' yaha vicAra RjusUtranaya prastuta karatA hai| yaha naya' vartamAnakSaNavartI zuddha arthaparyAyako hI viSaya karatA hai| atIta cUMki vinaSTa hai aura anAgata anutpanna hai, ataH usameM paryAya vyavahAra hI nahIM ho sakatA / isakI dRSTise nitya koI vastu nahIM hai aura sthUla bhI koI cIja nahIM hai / sarala sUtakI taraha yaha naye kevala vartamAna paryAyako sparza karatA hai| ___ yaha naya pacyamAna vastuko bhI aMzataH pakva kahatA hai| kriyamANako bhI aMzataH kRta, bhujyamAnako bhI bhukta aura baddhyamAnako bhI baddha kahanA isakI sUkSmadRSTimeM zAmila hai| ____isa nayakI dRSTise 'kumbhakAra' vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jaba taka kumhAra zivika, chatraka Adi paryAyoMko kara rahA hai, taba taka to kumbhakAra kahA nahIM jA sakatA, aura jaba kumbha paryAyakA samaya AtA hai, taba vaha svayaM apane upAdAnase niSpanna ho jAtI hai| aba kise karaneke kAraNa vaha 'kumbhakAra' kahA jAya ? 1. 'paccuppannaggAhI ujjusuo NayavihI munneyvvo|'-anuyog0 dA0 4 / akalaGkagranthatraya Ti0 pR0 146 / 2. 'sUtrapAtavad ajusuutrH|' -tattvArthavA0 1133 /
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________________ 462 jainadarzana mAnate hai, usameM paryAyabheda svIkAra nahIM karate / unake matameM kAlakArakAdibheda hone para bhI artha ekarUpa banA rahatA hai / taba yaha naya kahatA hai ki tumhArI mAnyatA ucita nahI hai / eka hI devadatta kaise vibhinna liMgaka, bhinnasaMkhyAka aura bhinnakAlIna zabdokA vAcya ho sakegA ? usame bhinna zabdokI vAcyabhUta paryAyeM bhinna-bhinna svIkAra karanI hI cAhiye, anyathA liMgavyabhicAra sAdhanavyabhicAra aura kAlavyabhicAra Adi bane rahege / vyabhicArakA yahA~ artha hai zabdabheda hone para arthabheda nahI mAnanA, yAnI eka hI arthakA vibhinna zabdose anucita sambandha | anucita isaliye ki hara zabdakI vAcakazakti judA-judA hotI hai; yadi padArthame tadanukUla vAcyazakti nahI mAnI jAtI hai to anaucitya to spaSTa ho hai, unakA mela kaise baiTha sakatA hai ? kAla svayaM pariNamana karanevAle vartanAzIla padArthoke pariNamaname sAdhAraNa nimitta hotA hai / isake bhUta, bhaviSyata aura vartamAna ye tIna bheda hai / kevala dravya, kevala zakti tathA anapekSa dravya aura zaktiko kAraka nahIM kahate; kintu zaktiviziSTa dravyako kAraka kahate hai / liMga cihnako kahate hai / jo garbhadhAraNa kare vaha strI, jo putrAdikI utpAdaka sAmarthya rakhe vaha puruSa aura jisame dono hI sAmarthya na hoM vaha napuMsaka kahalAtA hai / kAlAdike ye lakSaNa anekAnta arthame hI bana sakate hai / eka hI vastu vibhinna sAmagrIke milane para SaTkArakI rUpase pariNati kara sakatI hai / kAlAdike bhedase eka hI dravyakI nAnA paryAyeM ho sakatI hai / sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya vastu me aise pariNamanakI sambhAvanA nahI hai, kyoMki sarvathA nityame utpAda aura vyaya tathA sarvathA kSaNika sthairya - prIvya nahIM hai / isa taraha kArakavyavasthA na honese vibhinna kArakoMme niSpanna SaTkArakI, strIliMgAdi liMga aura vacanabheda Adiko vyavasthA ekAntapakSa me sambhava nahIM hai / yaha zabdanaya vaiyAkaraNoko zabdazAstrako siddhikA dArzanika zrAdhAra
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________________ naya- vicAra 463 prastuta karatA hai, aura batAtA hai ki siddhi anekAntase hI ho sakatI hai / jaba taka vastuko anekAntAtmaka nahIM mAnoge, taba taka eka hI vartamAna paryAya meM vibhinnaliMgaka, vibhinnasaMkhyAka zabdoMkA prayoga nahIM kara sakoge, anyathA vyabhicAra doSa hogA / ataH usa eka paryAya meM bho zabdabhedase arthabheda mAnanA hI hogA / jo vaiyAkaraNa aisA nahIM mAnate unakA zabda - bheda hone para bhI arthabheda na mAnanA zabdanayAbhAsa hai / unake matameM upasargabheda, anyapuruSakI jagaha madhyamapuruSa Adi puruSabheda, bhAvi aura vartamAnakriyAkA eka kArakase sambandha Adi samasta vyAkaraNako prakriyAe~ nirAdhAra evaM nirviSayaka ho jAya~gI / isIliye jainendravyAkaraNake racayitA AcAryavarya pUjyapAdane apane jainendravyAkaraNakA prArambha "siddhiranekAntAt " sUtrase aura AcArya hemacandra ne hemazabdAnuzAsanakA prArambha "siddhiH syAdvAdAt " sUtrase kiyA hai / ataH anya vaiyAkaraNoMkA pracalita krama zabdanayAbhAsa hai / samabhirUDha aura tadAbhAsa : ekakAlavAcaka, ekaliMgaka tathA ekasaMkhyAka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote haiM / samabhirUDhanaya una pratyeka paryAyavAcI zabdoMkA bhI arthabheda mAnatA hai / isa nayake abhiprAyase ekaliMgavAle indra, zakra aura purandara ina tIna zabdoM meM pravRttinimittako bhinnatA honese bhinnArthavAcakatA hai / zakra zabda zAsana kriyAkI apekSAse, indra zabda indana - aizvaryakriyAkI apekSAse aura purandara zabda pUrdAraNa kriyAkI apekSAse, pravRtta huA hai / ataH tInoM zabda vibhinna avasthAoMke vAcaka haiM / zabdanaya meM ekaliMgavAle paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM arthabheda nahIM thA, para samabhirUDhanaya pravRttinimittoM kI vibhinnatA honese paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM bhI arthabheda mAnatA hai / yaha naya una kozakAroMko dArzanika AdhAra prastuta karatA hai, jinane eka hI rAjA yA 1. 'abhirUDhastu paryAyaiH' -laghI0 ho0 44 / akalaMGkagranthatrayaTi0 pR0 147
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________________ 464 jainadarzana pRthvI ke aneka nAma - paryAyavAcI zabda to prastuta kara diye haiM, para usa padArtha meM una paryAyagabdoMkI vAcyazakti judA-judA svIkAra nahIM kI / jisa prakAra eka artha aneka zabdoMkA vAcya nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra eka zabda aneka arthAMkA vAcaka bhI nahIM ho sakatA / eka gozabdake gyAraha artha nahIM ho sakate; usa zabda meM gyAraha prakArakI vAcakazakti mAnanA hI hogI / anyathA yadi vaha jisa zakti pRthivIkA vAcaka hai usI zakti gAyakA bhI vAcaka ho; to ekazaktika zabdase vAcya honeke kAraNa pRthivI aura gAya donoM eka ho jAya~ge / ataH zabdameM vAcyabhedake hisAba se aneka vAcakazaktiyoMkI taraha padArtha meM bhI vAcakabhedakI apekSA aneka vAcyazaktiyA~ mAnanI hI cAhiye / pratyeka zabdake vyutpattinimitta aura pravRttinimitta jude - jude hote haiM, unake anusAra vAcyabhUta artha meM paryAyabheda yA zaktibheda mAnanA hI cAhiye / yadi ekarUpa hI padArtha ho; to usameM vibhinna kriyAoMse niSpanna aneka zabdoMkA prayoga hI nahIM ho sakegA / isa taraha samabhirUDhanaya paryAyavAcI zabdoMkI svIkAra karatA hai / apekSA bhI arthabheda paryAyavAcI zabdabheda mAnakara bhI arthabheda nahIM mAnanA samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa hai / jo mata padArthako ekAntarUpa mAnakara bhI aneka zabdoMkA prayoga karate haiM unako yaha mAnyatA tadAbhAsa hai / evambhUta aura tadAbhAsa : evambhUtanaya', padArtha jisa samaya jisa kriyAmeM pariNata ho usa samaya usI kriyAse niSpanna zabdako pravRtti svIkAra karatA hai / jisa samaya zAsana kara rahA ho usI samaya use zakra kaheMge, indana-kriyAke samaya nahIM / jisa samaya ghaTana-kriyA ho rahI ho, usI samaya use ghaTa kahanA 1. 'yenAtmanA bhUtastenaivAdhyavasAyayati ityevambhUtaH / ' - sarvArthasiddhi 1133 | akalaGka granthatrayaTi0 pR0 147 /
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________________ naya-vicAra 465 cAhiye, anya samayameM nhiiN| samabhirUDhanaya usa samaya kriyA ho yA na ho, para zaktiko apekSA anya zabdoMkA prayoga bhI svIkAra kara letA hai, parantu evambhUtanaya aisA nahIM krtaa| kriyAkSaName hI kAraka kahA jAya, anya kSaName nhiiN| pUjA karate samaya hI pujArI kahA jAya, anya samayameM nahIM; aura pUjA karate samaya ume anya zabdase bhI nahIM kahA jAya / isa taraha samabhirUDhanayake dvArA vartamAna paryAyame zaktibheda mAnakara jo aneka paryAyazabdoMke prayogakI svIkRti thI, vaha isakI dRSTima nahIM hai| yaha to kriyAkA dhanI hai| vartamAname zaktikI abhivyakti dekhatA hai / takriyAkAlameM anya gandakA prayoga karanA yA usa zabdakA prayoga nahIM karanA evambhUtAbhAsa hai| isa nayako vyavahArakI koI cintA nahI hai / hA~, kabhI-kabhI imame bhI vyavahArakI aneka gutthiyA~ sulajha jAtI hai| nyAyAdhIza jaba nyAyakI kurasIpara baiThatA hai tabhI nyAyAdhIza hai| anyakAlameM bhI yadi unake mirapara nyAyAdhIzatva mavAra ho, to gRhasthI calanA kaThina ho jAya / ataH vyavahArako jo sarvanayamAdhya kahA hai, vaha ThIka hI kahA hai| naya uttarottara sUkSma aura alpaviSayaka haiM : ina nayoMme' uttarottara sUkSmatA aura alpaviSayatA hai| naigamanaya saMkalpagrAhI honese sat aura asat donoMko viSaya karatA hai, jaba ki saMgrahanaya 'sat' taka hI sImita hai| naigamanaya bheda aura abheda donoMko gauNa-mukhyabhAvase viSaya karatA hai, jaba ki saMgrahanayakI dRSTi kevala abhedapara hai, ataH naigamanaya mahAviSayaka aura sthUla hai, paraMtu saMgrahanaya alpaviSayaka aura sUkSma hai / sanmAtragrAhI saMgrahanayase sadvizeSagrAhI vyavahAra alpaviSayaka hai / saMgrahake dvArA saMgRhIta arthame vyavahAra bheda karatA hai, ataH 1. 'evabhete nayAH pUrvapUrvaviruddhamahAviSayA uttrottraanuklaalpvissyaaH|' -tattvArthavA0 1 // 36 /
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________________ 466 jainadarzana vaha alpaviSayaka ho hI jAtA hai / vyavahAranaya dravyagrAhI aura trikAlavartI sadvizeSako viSaya karatA hai, ata: vartamAnakAlIna paryAyako grahaNa karanevAlA RjusUtra usame sUkSma ho hI jAtA hai| zabdabhedako cintA nahIM karanevAle RjumUtranayase vartamAnakAlIna ekaparyAyameM bhI zabdabhedase arthabhedako cintA karanevAlA zabdanaya sUkSma hai / paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM bheda hone para bhI arthabheda na mAnanevAle zabdanayase paryAyavAcI zabdoM dvArA padArthameM zaktibheda kalpanA karanevAlA samabhirUDhanaya sUkSma hai| zabdaprayogameM kriyAko cintA nahIM karanevAle samabhirUDhase kriyAkAlame hI usa zabdakA prayoga mAnanevAlA evambhUta mUkSmatama aura alpaviSayaka hai / arthanaya, zabdanaya : ina mAta nayoMme RjumUtra paryanta cAra naya arthagrAhI honese arthanaya hai| yadyapi naigamanaya maMkalpagrAhI honese arthakI sImAse bAhira ho jAtA thA, para naigamakA viSaya bheda aura abheda donoMko hI mAnakara use arthagrAhI kahA gayA hai / zabda Adi tIna naya padavidyA arthAt vyAkaraNazAstrazabdazAstrakI sImA aura bhUmikAkA varNana karate hai, ataH ye zabdanaya hai| dravyArthika-paryAyArthikavibhAga : __ naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ye tIna dravyAthika naya hai aura RjusUtrAdi cAra naya paryAyArthika hai| prathamake tIna nayoMkI dravyapara dRSTi rahatI hai, jaba ki zeSa cAra nayoMkA vartamAnakAlIna paryAyapara hI vicAra cAlU hotA hai / yadyapi vyavahAranayameM bheda pradhAna hai aura bhedako bhI kahIM-kahIM paryAya kahA hai, parantu vyavahAranaya ekadravyagata UrdhvatAsAmAnyameM kAlika 1. 'catvAro'rthAzrayAH zeSAstrayaM zabdataH / -siddhivi0 / laghI0 zlo0 72 /
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________________ naya-vicAra 467 paryAyoMkA antima bheda nahI karatA, usakA kSetra anekadravyame bheda karanekA mukhyarUpase hai| vaha ekadravyakI paryAyome bheda karake bhI antima ekakSaNavartI paryAya taka nahIM pahuMca pAtA, ataH ise zuddha paryAyAthikame zAmila nahIM kiyA hai / jaise ki naigamanaya kabhI paryAyako aura kabhI dravyako viSaya karaneke kAraNa ubhayAvalambI honese dravyAthikame hI antarbhUta hai usI taraha vyavahAranaya bhI bhedapradhAna hokara bhI dravyako vipaya karatA hai, ataH vaha bhI dravyArthikakI hI sImAme hai / RjusUtrAdi cAra naya to spaSTa hI ekamamayavartI paryAyako mAmane rakhakara vicAra calAte hai, ataH paryAyAthika hai| A0 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa RjusUtrako bhI dravyAthika mAnate hai / nizcaya aura vyavahAra : AdhyAtmazAstrame nayoke nizcaya aura vyavahAra ye do bheda prasiddha hai| nizcayanayako bhUtArtha aura vyavasagnayako abhRtArtha bhI vahI batAyA hai| jimaprakAra advaitavAdame pAramArthika aura vyAvahArika do rUpama aura anyavAda yA vijJAnavAdame paramArtha aura mAvRta do rUpame yA upanipadome sUkSma aura sthUla do rUpome tattvake varNanakI paddhati devI jAtI hai usI taraha jaina adhyAtmame bhI nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina do prakAroko apanAyA hai / antara itanA hai ki jaina adhyAtmakA nizcayanaya vAstavika sthitiko upAdAnake AdhArase pakar3atA hai; vaha anya padArthoke astitvakA niSedha nahIM karatA, jaba ki vedAnta yA vijJAnadvaitakA paramArtha anya padArthoke astitvako hI samApta kara detA hai / buddhakI dharmadezanAko paramArthasatya aura lokasaMvRtisatya ina do rUpase ghaTAnekA bhI prayatna huA hai| 1. vizeSA0 gA0 75,77,2262 / 2.samayasAra gA0 11 1 3. 'dve satye samupAzritya buddhAnAM dharmadezanA / lokamavRtisatyaM ca satyaM ca paramArthataH // ' mAdhyamikakArikA, AryasatyaparIkSA, zlo0 8 /
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________________ 468 jainadarzana nizcayanaya paranirapekSa svabhAvakA varNana karatA hai / jina paryAyoMmeM 'para' nimitta par3a jAtA hai unheM vaha zuddha svakIya nahIM kahatA / parajanya paryAyoMko 'para' mAnatA hai / jaise-jIvake rAgAdi bhAvoMmeM yadyapi AtmA svayaM upAdAna hotA hai, vahI rAgarUpase pariNati karatA hai, parantu cUMki ye bhAva karmanimittika hai, ataH inheM vaha apane AtmAke nijarUpa nahIM mAnatA / anya AtmAoM aura jagatake samasta ajIvoMko to vaha apanA mAna hI nahIM sakatA, kintu jina AtmavikAsake sthAnoMmeM parakA thor3A bhI nimittatva hotA hai unheM vaha 'para' ke khAtemeM hI khatayA detA hai| isIliye samayasArameM jaba AtmAke varNa, rasa, sparza Adi prasiddha pararUpoMkA niSedha kiyA hai to usI jhokame guNasthAna Adi paranimittaka svadharmoMkA bhI niSedha kara diyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM nizcayanaya apane mUla lakSya yA AdarzakA khAlisa varNana karanA cAhatA hai, jisase sAdhakako bhrama na ho aura vaha bhaTaka na jAya / isaliye AtmAkA naizcayika varNana karate samaya zuddha jJAyaka rUpa hI AtmAkA svarUpa prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| bandha aura rAgAdiko bhI usI eka 'para' koTimeM DAla diyA hai jisameM pudgala Adi prakaTa parapadArtha par3e hue haiN| vyavahAranaya parasAkSepa paryAyoMko grahaNa karanevAlA hotA hai| paradravya to svatantra hai, ataH unheM to apanA kahanekA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| adhyAtmazAstrakA uddezya hai ki vaha sAdhakako yaha spaSTa batA de ki tumhArA gantavya sthAna kyA hai ? tumhArA parama dhyeya aura carama lakSya kyA ho sakatA hai ? bocake par3Ava tumhAre sAdhya nahIM haiM / tumheM to unase bahuta U~ce uThakara parama svAvalambI bananA hai| lakSyakA do TUka varNana kiye binA mohI jIva bhaTaka hI jAtA hai / sAdhakako una svopAdAnaka, 1. 'Neva ya jIvaTThANA Na guNaTThANA ya asthi jiivss| jeNa du ede savve puggaladavvassa pajjAyA // 55 ||-smysaar /
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________________ naya-vicAra 469 kintu paranimittaka vibhUti yA vikAroMse usI taraha alipta rahanA hai, unase Upara uThanA hai, jisa taraha ki vaha strI, putrAdi paracetana tathA dhanadhAnyAdi para acetana padArthose nAtA tor3akara svAvalambI mArga pakar3atA hai / yadyapi yaha sAdhakako bhAvanA mAtra hai, para ise A0 kundakundane dArzanika AdhAra pakar3AyA hai| ve usa lokavyavahArako heya mAnate hai, jisameM aMzataH bhI parAvalambana ho| kintu yaha dhyAnameM rakhanekI bAta hai ki ve satyasthitikA alApa nahIM karanA caahte| ve likhate haiM ki 'jIvake pariNAmoMko nimitta pAkara pudgaladravya karmaparyAyako prApta hote haiM aura una karmoke nimittase jIvameM rAgAdi pariNAma hote haiM, yadyapi donoM apaneapane pariNAmoMmeM upAdAna hote haiM, para ye pariNamana parasparahetuka-anyonyanimittaka haiN|' unhoMne "aNNoNNaNimitteNa" padase isI bhAvakA samarthana kiyA hai / yAnI kArya upAdAna aura nimitta donoM sAmagrIse hotA hai / isa tathyakA ve apalApa nahIM karake usakA vivecana karate haiM aura jagatake usa ahaMkAramUlaka naimittaka kartRtvakA kharA vizleSaNa karake kahate haiM ki batAo 'kumhArane ghar3A banAyA' isameM kumhArane Akhira kyA kiyA? yaha sahI hai ki kumhArako ghar3A banAnekI icchA huI, usane upayoga lagAyA aura yoga-arthAt hAtha-paira hilAye, kintu 'ghaTa' paryAya to Akhira miTTI meM hI utpanna huii| yadi kumhArakI icchA, jJAna aura 1. 'jIvavariNAmahed kammattaM puggalA pariNamaMti / puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvAvi pariNamada // 8 // Na vi kubaDa kammaguNe jIvo kammaM nahaba jIvaguNe / aNNoNNaNimitteNa du pariNAma jANa doNhaM pi // 81 // ' -samayasAra / 2. 'jIvo Na karedi ghaDaM gaMva paDaM Neva sesage davve / joguvaogA uppAdagA ya tersi havadi kattA ||100||'-smysaar /
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________________ 470 jainadarzana prayatna hI ghaTake antima utpAdaka hote to uname reta yA patthara meM bhI ghar3A utpanna ho jAnA cAhiye thaa| Akhira vaha miTTIkI upAdAnayogyatApara hI nirbhara karatA hai, vahI yogyatA ghaTAkAra bana jAtI hai / yaha ThIka hai ki kumhArake jJAna, icchA, aura prayatnake nimitta bane binA miTTIkI yogyatA vikasita nahIM ho sakatI thI, para itane nimittamAtrase hama upAdAnako nijayogyatAko vibhUtikI upekSA nahIM kara sakate / isa nimittakA ahaMkAra to dekhie ki jisameM raMcamAtra bhI isakA aMza nahIM jAtA, arthAt na to kumhArakA jJAna miTTI meM dhaMsatA hai, na icchA aura na prayatna, phira bhI vaha 'kumbhakAra' kahalAtA hai ! kumbhake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi miTTIse hI utpanna hote hai usakA eka bhI guNa kumhArane upajAyA nahIM hai| kumhArakA eka bhI guNa miTTI meM pahu~cA nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha sarvAdhikArI banakara 'kumbhakAra' honekA durabhimAna karatA hai ! rAga, dveSa Adiko sthiti yadyapi vibhinna prakArako hai; kyoMki isame AtmA svayaM rAga aura dveSa Adi paryAyoM rUpase pariNata hotA hai, phira bhI yahA~ ve vizleSaNa karate hai ki batAo to sahI-kyA zuddha AtmA iname upAdAna banatA hai ? yadi siddha aura zuddha AtmA rAgAdime upAdAna banane lage; to muktikA kyA svarUpa raha jAtA hai ? ataH inameM upAdAna rAgAdiparyAyase viziSTa AtmA hI banatA hai, dUsare zabdoMme rAgAdise hI rAgAdi hote hai| nizcayanaya jIva aura karmake anAdi bandhanase inakAra nahIM karatA / para usa vaMdhanakA vizleSaNa karatA hai ki jaba do svataMtra dravya haiM to inakA saMyoga hI to ho sakatA hai, tAdAtmya nahIM / kevala saMyoga to aneka dravyoMse isa AtmAkA sadA hI rahanevAlA hai, kevala vaha hAnikAraka nahIM hotA / dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla tathA anya aneka AtmAoMse isakA sambandha barAbara mojUda hai, para usase isake svarUpameM koI vikAra nahIM hotaa| siddhazilApara vidyamAna siddhAtmAoMke sAtha vahA~ ke pudgala paramANuoMkA saMyoga hai hI, para itane mAtrase unameM baMdhana nahIM kahA jA
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________________ naya-vicAra 471 sakatA aura na usa saMyogase siddhoMmeM rAgAdi hI utpanna hote haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki zuddha AtmA parasaMyogarUpa nimittake rahane para bhI rAgAdimeM upAdAna nahIM hotA aura na para nimitta usameM balAt rAgAdi utpanna hI kara sakate haiN| hameM socanA UparakI taraphase hai ki jo hamArA vAstavika svarUpa bana sakatA hai, jo hama ho sakate haiM, vaha svarUpa kyA rAgAdimeM upAdAna hotA hai ? nocekI orase nahIM socanA hai; kyoMki anAdikAlase to azuddha AtmA rAgAdimeM upAdAna bana ho rahA hai aura usameM rAgAdiko paramparA varAbara cAlU hai / ataH nizyacanayako yaha kahaneke sthAnameM ki 'maiM zuddha hU~, abaddha hU~, aspRSTa hU~'; yaha kahanA cAhiye ki 'maiM guddha , abaddha aura aspRSTa ho sakatA hU~ / ' kyoMki Aja taka to usane AtmAkI isa zuddha Adarza dazAkA anubhava kiyA hI nahIM hai| balki anAdikAlase rAgAdipaMkameM hI vaha lipta rahA hai| yaha nizcita to isa AdhArapara kiyA jA rahA hai ki jaba do svatantra dravya hai, taba unakA saMyoga bhale hI anAdi ho, para vaha TUTa sakatA hai, aura vaha TUTegA to apane paramArthasvarUpakI prAptikI ora lakSya karanese / isa zaktikA nizcaya bhI dravyakA svatantra astitva mAnakara ho to kiyA jA sakatA hai| anAdikI azuddha AtmAmeM zuddha honekI zakti hai, vaha zuddha ho sakatA hai| yaha zakyatAbhaviSyatakA hI to vicAra hai| hamArA bhUta aura vartamAna azuddha hai, phira bhI nizyayanaya hamAre ujjvala bhaviSyakI ora, kalpanAse nahIM, vastuke AdhArase dhyAna dilAtA hai| usI tattvako AcArya kundakunda' bar3I sundaratAse kahate haiM ki 'kAma, bhoga aura bandhakI kathA sabhIko zruta, 1. sudaparicidANabhUdA sabamsavi kaambhogbNdhkhaa| eyattassutralaMbho Navari Na mulaho vibhattamsa / / ' -samayasAra gA04 /
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________________ 472 jainadarzana paricita aura anubhUta hai, para vibhakta - zuddha AtmAke ekatvakI upalabdhi sulabha nahIM hai / ' kAraNa yaha hai ki zuddha AtmAkA svarUpa saMsArI jIvoMko kevala zrutapUrva hai arthAt usake sunaneme hI kadAcit AyA ho, para na to usane kabhI isakA paricaya pAyA hai aura na kabhI isane usakA anubhava hI kiyA hai / A0 kundakunda ( samayasAra gA0 5 ) apane AtmavizvAsase bharosA dilAte hai ki 'mai apanI samasta sAmarthya aura buddhikA vibhava lagAkara use dikhAtA hU~ / ' phira bhI ve thor3I kacAIkA anubhava karake yaha bhI kaha dete haiM ki 'yadi cUka jAU~, to chala nahIM mAnanA / ' dravyakA zuddha lakSaNa : unakA eka hI dRSTikoNa hai ki dravyakA svarUpa vahI ho sakatA hai jo dravyakI pratyeka paryAya meM vyApta hotA hai / yadyapi dravya kisI-na-kisI paryAyako prApta hotA hai aura hogA, para eka paryAya dUsarI paryAya meM to nahIM pAI jA sakatI aura isaliye dravyako koI bhI paryAya dravyase abhinna hokara bhI dravyakA zuddharUpa nahIM kahI jA sakatI / aba Apa AtmAke svarUpapara kramazaH vicAra kIjie / varNa, rasa Adi to spaSTa pudgalake guNa hai, ve pudgalakI hI paryAyeM hai aura unameM pudgala hI upAdAna hotA hai, ataH ve AtmAke svarUpa nahIM ho sakate, yaha bAta nirvivAda hai / rAgAdi samasta vikAroMme yadyapi apane pariNAmIsvabhAva ke kAraNa AtmA hI upAdAna hotA hai, usakI virAgatA hI bigar3akara rAga banatI hai, usIkA samyaktva bigar3akara mithyAtvarUpa ho jAtA hai, para ve virAgatA aura samyaktva bhI AtmA ke trikAlAnuyAyI zuddha rUpa nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki ve nigoda Adi avasthA meM tathA siddha avasthA meM nahIM pAye jAte / samyagdarzana Adi guNasthAna bhI una-una paryAyoMke nAma hai jo ki trikAlAnuyAyI nahIM hai, unakI sattA mithyAtva Adi avasthAoM meM tathA siddha avasthA meM nahIM rahatI / inameM parapadArtha nimitta par3atA hai / kisI-na-kisI para -
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________________ naya-vicAra 473 karmakA upazama, kSaya yA kSayopazama usameM nimitta hotA hI hai| kevalI avasthAmeM jo anantajJAnAdi guNa prakaTa hue hai ve ghAtiyA karmoke kSayase utpanna hue hai aura aghAtiyA karmoMkA udaya unake jIvanaparyanta banA hI rahatA hai| yogajanya caMcalatA unake AtmapradezoMmeM hai hii| ataH paranimittaka honese ye bhI zuddha dravyakA svarUpa nahIM kahe jA skte| caudahaveM guNasthAnako pAra karake jo siddha avasthA hai vaha zuddha dravyakA aisA svarUpa to hai jo prathamakSaNabhAvI siddha avasthAse lekara Ageke anantakAla takake samasta bhaviSyameM anuyAyI hai, usameM koI bhI paranimittaka vikAra nahIM A sakatA, kintu vaha saMsArI dazAmeM nahIM pAyA jAtA / eka trikAlA. nuyAyI svarUpa hI lakSaNa ho sakatA hai, aura vaha hai-zuddha jJAyaka rUpa, caitanya rUpa / inameM jJAyaka rUpa bhI parapadArthake jAnanerUpa upAdhikI apekSA rakhatA hai| trikAlavyApI 'cit' hI lakSaNa ho sakatI hai : prataH kevala 'cit' rUpa ho aisA bacatA hai jo bhaviSyatmeM to prakaTarUpase vyApta hotA hI hai, sAtha hI atItakI pratyeka paryAyameM, cAhe vaha nigoda jaisI atyalpajJAnavAlI avasthA ho aura kevalajJAna jaisI samagra vikasita avasthA ho, sabameM nirvivAdarUpase pAyA jAtA hai / 'cit' rUpakA abhAva kabhI bhI AtmadravyameM na rahA hai, na hai aura na hogaa| vahI aMza dravaNazIla honese dravya kahA jA sakatA hai aura alakSyase vyAvatarka honeke kAraNa lakSyavyApI lakSaNa ho sakatA hai| yaha zaMkA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki 'siddha avasthA bhI apanI pUrvakI saMsArI nigoda Adi avasthAoMmeM nahIM pAI jAtI, ataH vaha zuddha dravyakA lakSaNa nahIM ho sakatI;' kyoMki yahA~ siddhaparyAyako lakSaNa nahIM banAyA jA rahA hai, lakSaNa to vaha dravya hai jo siddhaparyAyameM pahalI bAra vikasita huA hai aura cU~ki usa avasthAse lekara AgekI anantakAlabhAvI samasta avasthAoMmeM kabhI bhI paranimittaka
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________________ 474 jainadarzana kisI bhI anya pariNamanako saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, ataH vaha 'cit' aMza hI dravyakA yathArtha paricAyaka hotA hai| zuddha aura azuddha vizeSaNa bhI usameM nahIM lagate, kyoMki ve usa akhaNDa citkA vibhAga kara dete haiM / isaliye kahA hai ki maiM arthAt 'cit' na to pramatta hai aura na apramatta, na to azuddha hai aura na zuddha , vaha to kevala 'jJAyaka' hai / hA~, usa zuddha aura vyApaka 'cit' kA prathama vikAsa mukta avasthAmeM hI hotA hai| isIliye AtmAke vikArI rAgAdibhAvoMkI taraha karmake udaya, upazama, kSayopazama aura kSayase honevAle bhAvoMko bhI anAdi-ananta sampUrNa dravyavyApI na honese AtmAkA svarUpa yA lakSaNa nahIM mAnA gayA aura unheM bhI varNAdikI taraha parabhAva kaha diyA gayA hai / na kevala una avyApaka paranimittaka rAgAdi vikArI bhAvoMko 'para bhAva' hI kahA gayA hai, kintu pudgalanimittaka honese 'pudgalako paryAya' taka kaha diyA gayA hai| tAtparya itanA hI hai ki ye saba bIcakI maMjile haiN| AtmA apane ajJAnake kAraNa una-una paryAyoMko dhAraNa avazya karatA hai, para ye saba zuddha aura mUlabhUta dravya nahIM hai| AtmAke isa trikAlavyApI svarUpako AcAryane isIliye abaddha , aspRSTa, ananya, niyata, avizeSa aura asaMyukta vizeSaNoMse vyakta kiyA hai| yAnI eka aisI 'cit' hai jo anAdikAlase anantakAla taka apanI pravahamAna maulika sattA rakhatI hai| usa akhaMDa 'cit' ko hama na nigodarUpameM, na nArakAdi paryAyoMmeM, na pramatta, apramatta Adi guNasthAnoMmeM, na kevalajJAnAdi kSAyika bhAvoMmeM aura na ayogakevalI avasthAmeM hI sImita kara sakate haiN| usakA yadi darzana kara sakate haiM to nirupAdhi, zuddha, siddha avasthAmeM / vaha mUlabhUta 'cit' anAdikAlase apane 1. "Na vi hodi appamatto Na pamatto jANago du jo bhaavo| ___ evaM bhaNaMti suddhaM NAo jo so u so ceva ||6||"-smysaar| 2. "jo passadi appANaM abaddhapuDhe aNaNNayaM NiyadaM / ayisesamajuttaM taM suddhaNayaM viyANohi ||14||"-smysaar /
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________________ naya-vicAra 475 pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa vikArI pariNa maname par3I huI hai / yadi vikArakA kAraNa parabhAvasaMsarga haTa jAya, to vahI nikharakara nirmala, nirlepa aura khAlisa zuddha bana sakatI hai| tAtparya yaha ki hama zuddhanizcayanayase uma 'cit' kA yadi rAgAdi azuddha avasthAme yA guNasthAnokI zuddhAzuddha avasthAome darzana karanA cAhate hai to ina sabase dRSTi haTAkara hame usa mahAvyApaka mUladravyapara dRSTi le jAnI hogI aura usa samaya kahanA hI hogA ki 'ye rAgAdi bhAva AnmAke yAnI zuddha AtmAke nahIM hai, ye to vinAzI hai, vaha avinAzI anAdyananta tattva to judA hI hai|' samayasArakA zuddhanaya imI mUlatattvapara dRSTi rakhatA hai| vaha vastuke pariNamanakA niSedha nahIM karatA aura na uma citke rAgAdi paryAyome rulanekA pratipedhaka hI hai| kintu vaha kahanA cAhatA hai ki 'anAdikAlIna azuddha kITa-kAlimA Adise vikRta bane hue isa moneme bhI usa 100 TaMcake sonekI zaktirUpase vidyamAna AbhApara ekabAra dRSTi to do, tumhe isa kITa-kAlimA Adime jo pUrNa suvarNatvakI buddhi ho rahI hai, vaha apane-Apa haTa jaaygii| isa zuddha svarUpapara lakSya diye binA kabhI usakI prAptiko dizAme prayatna nahIM kiyA jA mktaa| ve abaddha aura ampaSTa yA amaMyakta vizeSaNase yahI dikhAnA cAhate hai ki AtmAkI baddha, spaSTa aura saMyukta avasthAe~ bIcakI hai, ye usakA trikAlavyApI mUla svarUpa nahI hai| uma eka 'cit' kA jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpase vibhAjana yA usakA vizeSarUpame kathana karanA bhI eka prakArakA vyavahAra hai, vaha kevala samajhane-mamajhAneke liye hai| Apa jJAnako yA darzanako yA cAritra1. 'vavahAraNa damsai NANissa caritta daMsaNaM NANa / Na vi NANaM ca carittaM Na dasaNaM jANago suddho // 7 // ' -smysaar|
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________________ 476 jainadarzana ko bhI zuddha AtmAkA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki ye saba usa 'cit' ke aMza haiM aura usa akhaMDa tattvako khaMDa-khaMDa karanevAle vizeSa haiM / vaha 'cit' to ina vizeSoMse pare 'avizeSa' haiM', 'ananya' hai aura 'niyata' hai | AcArya AtmavizvAsase kahate haiM ki 'jisane isako jAna liyA usane samasta jinazAsanako jAna liyA / ' nizcayakA varNana asAdhAraNa lakSaNakA kathana hai : darzanazAstrameM AtmabhUta lakSaNa usa asAdhAraNa dharmako kahate haiM jo samasta lakSyoM meM vyApta ho tathA alakSyameM bilakula na pAyA jAya / jo lakSaNa lakSyameM nahIM pAyA jAtA vaha asambhavi lakSaNAbhAsa kahalAtA hai, jo lakSya aura alakSya donoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai vaha ativyApta lakSaNAbhAsa hai aura jo lakSyake eka dezameM rahatA hai vaha avyApta lakSaNAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai / AtmadravyakA AtmabhUta lakSaNa karate samaya hama ina tInoM doSoM kA parihAra karake jaba nirdoSa lakSaNa khojate haiM to kevala 'cit' ke sivAya dUsarA koI pakar3ameM nahIM AtA / varNAdi to spaSTatayA pudgalake dharma haiM, ataH varNAdi to jIva meM asaMbhava haiM / rAgAdi vibhAvaparyAyeM tathA kevalajJAnAdi svabhAvaparyAyeM, jinameM AtmA svayaM upAdAna hotA hai, samasta AtmAoMmeM vyApaka nahIM honese avyApta haiM / ataH kevala 'cit' hI aisA svarUpa hai, jo pudgalAdi alakSyoMme nahIM pAyA jAtA aura lakSyabhUta sabhI AtmAoMmeM anAdyananta vyApta rahatA hai / isaliye 'cit' hI Atma dravyakA svarUpabhUta lakSaNa ho sakatI hai / yadyapi yahI 'cit' pramatta, apramatta, nara, nArakAdi sabhI avasthAoMko prApta hotI hai, para nizcayase ve paryAyeM AtmAkA vyApaka lakSaNa nahIM bana sktiiN| isI vyApyavyApyakabhAvako lakSya meM rakha kara aneka azuddha avasthAoM meM bhI zuddha AtmadravyakI pahicAna karAneke liye AcAryane zuddha nayakA avalambana liyA hai / isIliye 'zuddha cit'
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________________ naya- vicAra 477 kA samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra Adi rUpase vibhAga bhI unhe iSTa nahIM hai / ve eka anirvacanIya akhaNDa citko hI Atmadravya ke sthAna me rakhate hai / AcAryane isa lakSaNabhUta 'cit' ke sivAya jitane bhI varNAdi aura rAgAdi lakSaNAbhAsa hai, unakA parabhAva kahakara niSedha kara diyA hai / isI dRSTise nizcayanayako paramArtha aura vyavahAranayako abhUtArtha bhI kahA hai / abhUtArthakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki AtmAme rAgAdi hai hI nahI, kintu jisa trikAlavyApI dravyarUpa citko hama lakSaNa vanA rahe hai usame inheM zAmila nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / varNAdi aura rAgAdiko vyavahAranayakA viSaya kahakara eka hI jhoMkame niSedha kara dene se yaha bhrama sahajama hI ho sakatA hai ki 'jisa prakAra rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi pudgalake dharma hai usI taraha rAgAdi bhI pudgalake hI dharma hoMge, aura pudgalanimittaka honese inheM pudgalakI paryAya kahA bhI hai / ' isa bhramake nivAraNake liye nizcayanayake do bheda bhI zAstroMme dekhe jAte hai - eka zuddha nizcayanaya aura dUsarA azuddha nizcayanaya / zuddha nizcayako dRSTime 'zuddha cit' hI jIvakA svarUpa hai / azuddha nizcayanaya AtmAke azuddha rAgAdibhAvoko bhI jIvake hI kahatA hai, pudgalake nahIM / vyavahAranaya sadbhUta aura asadbhUta donome upacarita aura anupacarita aneka prakArase pravRtti karatA hai / samayasArake TIkAkarone apanI TIkAoMmeM varNAdi aura rAgAdiko vyavahAra aura azuddha nizcayanayakI dRSTise hI vicAranekA saMketa kiyA hai| paMcAdhyAyIkA naya - vibhAga : paMcAdhyAyIkAra abhedagrAhIko dravyArthika aura nizcayanaya kahate haiM 1. dekho, - dravyasaMgraha gA0 4 / 2. 'azuddhanizcayastu vastuto yadyapi dravyakarmApekSayA AbhyantararAgAdayazcetanA iti matvA nizcayasaMjJAM labhate tathApi zuddhanizcayanayApekSayA vyavahAra eva iti vyAkhyAnaM nizcayavyavahAranayavicArakAle sarvatra jJAtavyam / - samayasAra tAtparyavRtti gA0 73 /
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________________ 478 jainadarzana tathA kisI bhI prakArake bhedako grahaNa karanevAle nayako paryAyArthika aura vyavahAranaya kahate hai| inake matase 'nizcayanayake zuddha aura azuddha bheda karanA hI galata hai| ye vastuke sadbhUta bhedako vyavahAranayakA hI viSaya mAnate hai / akhaNDa vastume kisI bhI prakArakA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva AdikI dRSTise honevAlA bheda paryAyAthika yA vyavahAranayakA viSaya hotA hai / inako dRSTimeM samayasAragata paranimittaka-vyavahAra hI nahIM; kintu svagata bheda bhI vyavahAranayakI sImAme hI hotA hai| vyavahAranayake do bheda hai-eka sadbhuta vyavahAranaya aura dUsarA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya / vastume apane guNoMkI dRSTime bheda karanA sadbhUta vyavahAra hai / anya dravyake guNoMkI balapUrvaka anyatra yojanA karanA asadbhuta vyavahAra hai| jaise varNAdivAle mUrta pudgalakarmadravyake saMyogase honevAle krodhAdi mUrtabhAvoMko jIvake khnaa| yahA~ brodhAdime jo pudgaladravyake mUrtatvakA Aropa kiyA gayA hai-yaha amadbhUta hai aura guNa-guNIkA jo bheda vivikSata hai vaha vyavahAra hai / sadbhUta aura asadbhUta vyavahAra donoM hI upacarita aura anupacaritake bhedase do-do prakArake hote hai / 'jJAna jovakA hai' yaha anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai tathA 'arthavikalpAtmaka jJAna pramANa hai aura vahI jIvakA guNa hai' yaha upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai| isameM jJAname arthavikalpAtmakatA upacarita hai aura guNa-guNIkA bheda vyavahAra hai| anagAradharmAmRta ( adhyAya 1 zlo0 104." ) AdimeM jo 'kevalajJAna jIvakA hai' yaha anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAra tathA 'matijJAna jIvakA hai' yaha upacarita sadbhUta vyavahArakA udAharaNa diyA hai; usameM yaha dRSTi hai ki zuddha guNakA kathana anupacarita tathA azuddha guNakA kathana upacarita hai / anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya 'abuddhipUrvaka honevAle krodhAdi bhAvoMko jIvakA kahatA hai aura upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya 1. paMcAdhyAyo sh659-61| 2. paMcAdhyAyI 11525 se|
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________________ naya- vicAra 479 udayameM Aye hue arthAt prakaTa anubhavameM AnevAle krodhAdibhAvoMko jIvake kahatA hai / pahale vaibhAvikI zaktikA AtmAse abheda mAnA hai / anagAradharmAmRtame 'zarIra merA hai' yaha anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahArakA tathA 'deza merA hai' yaha upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranayakA udAharaNa mAnA gayA hai / paMcAdhyAyIkAra kisI dUsare dravyake guNakA dUsare dravyame Aropa karanA nayAbhAsa mAnate hai / jaise - varNAdiko jIvake kahanA, zarIrako jIvakA kahanA, mUrtakarmadravyoM kA karttA aura bhoktA jIvako mAnanA, dhana, dhAnya, strI AdikA bhoktA aura karttA jIvako mAnanA, jJAna aura jJeyame bodhyabodhaka sambandha honese jJAnako jJeyagana mAnanA Adi, ye saba nayAbhAsa hai / samayasArame to eka zuddhadravyako nizcayanayakA vipaya mAnakara bAkI paranimittaka svabhAva yA parabhAva sabhIko vyavahArake gaDDheme DAlakara unheM hai aura abhUtArthaM kahA hai / eka vAta dhyAname rakhanekI hai ki naigamAdinayokA vivecana vastusvarUko mImAMsA karanekI dRSTise hai java ki samayasAragata nayoMkA varNana adhyAtmabhAvanAko paripuSTa kara heya aura upAdeyake vicArane mokSamArgame lagAneke lakSyase hai /
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________________ 10. syAdvAda aura saptabhaGgI syAdvAda : syAdvAdakI udbhUti: jaina darzanane sAmAnyarUpase yAvat satko pariNAmI - nitya mAnA hai / pratyeka sat anantadharmAtmaka hai / usakA pUrNarUpa vacanoMke agocara hai / koI aisA zabda nahIM hai jo vastuke pUre rUpako sparza kara sakatA ho / 'mat' zabda bhI vastuke eka 'astitva' dharmako kahatA hai, zeSa nAstitva Adi dharmo ko nahIM / vastusthiti aisI hone para bhI usako samajhane- samajhAnekA prayatna pratyeka mAnavane kiyA hI hai aura Age bhI use karanA hI hogA / taba usa virATko jAnane aura dUsaroMko samajhAne meM bar3I sAvadhAnI rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai / hamAre jAnanekA tarIkA aisA ho jisase hama usa anantadharmA akhaNDa vastuke adhika-se-adhika samIpa pahu~ca sakeM, usakA viparyAsa to haragija na kreN| dUsaroMko samajhAne kI-- zabda prayogakI praNAlI bhI aisI hI ho, jo uma tattvakA sahI-sahI pratinidhitva kara sake, usake svarUpakI ora saMketa kara sake, bhrama to utpanna kare hI nahIM / ina donoM AvazyakatAoMne anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAdako janma diyA hai / anekAntadRSTi yA nayadRSTi virAT vastuko jAnanekA vaha prakAra hai, jisameM vivakSita dharmako jAnakara bhI anya dharmokA niSedha nahIM kiyA jAtA, unheM gauNa yA avivakSita kara diyA jAtA hai aura isa taraha hara hAlata meM pUrI vastukA mukhya- gauNabhAvase sparza ho jAtA hai / usakA koI bhI aMza kabhI nahIM chUTa pAtA / jisa samaya jo dharma vivakSita hotA hai vaha usa samaya mukhya yA arpita bana jAtA hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa yA arnArpita raha jAte haiM / isa taraha jaba manuSyakI dRSTi anekAntatattvakA
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________________ syAdvAda 481 sparza karanevAlI bana jAtI hai taba usake samajhAnekA DhaMga bhI nirAlA ho ho jAtA hai / vaha socatA hai ki hameM usa zailIse vacanaprayoga karanA cAhiye, jisase vastutattvakA yathArtha pratipAdana ho / isa zailI yA bhASAke nirdoSa prakArako AvazyakatAne 'syAdvAda' kA AviSkAra kiyA hai| 'syAdvAda' bhASAkI vaha nirdoSa praNAlI hai, jo vastutattvakA samyak pratipAdana karatI hai / isameM lagA huA 'syAt' zabda pratyeka vAkyake sApekSa honekI sUcanA detA hai / 'syAt asti' vAkyameM 'asti' pada vastuke astitva dharmakA mukhyarUpase pratipAdana karatA hai to 'syAt' zabda usameM rahane vAle nAstitva Adi zeSa anantadharmokA madbhAva batAtA hai ki 'vastu asti mAtra hI nahIM hai, usameM gauNarUpase nAstitva Adi dharma bhI vidyamAna hai|' manuSya ahaMkArakA putalA hai| ahaMkArako sahasra nahIM, asaMkhya jihvAe~ haiN| yaha viSadhara thor3I bhI asAvadhAnI honepara Dasa letA hai / ataH jisa prakAra dRSTi meM ahaMkArakA vipa na Ane deneke lie 'anekAntadRSTi' saMjIvanIkA rahanA Avazyaka hai usI taraha bhASAmeM avadhAraNa yA ahaMkArakA viSa nirmUla karaneke liye 'syAdvAda' amRta apekSaNIya hotA hai / anekAntavAda syAdvAdakA isa arthameM paryAyavAcI hai ki aisA vAda-kathana anekAntavAda kahalAtA hai jisameM vastu ke ananta dharmAtmaka svarUpakA pratipAdana mukhya-gauNabhAvase hotA hai| yadyapi ye donoM paryAyavAcI hai phira bhI 'syAdvAda' hI nirdaSTa bhApAzailIkA pratIka bana gayA hai| anekAntadRSTi to jJAnarUpa hai, ataH vacanarUpa 'syAhAda' se usakA bheda spaSTa hai| isa anekAna ntavAdake binA lokavyavahAra nahIM cala sktaa| paga-pagapara isake binA visaMvAdakI saMbhAvanA hai| ataH isa tribhuvanake eka guru anekAntavAdako namaskAra karate hue AcArya siddhasenane ThIka hI likhA hai "jeNa viNA logassa vavahAro savvathA Na nnivvie| tasya bhuvaNaikaguruNo Namo'NegaMtavAyassa // " -sanmati0 2168 /
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________________ jainadarzana 482 syAdvAdakI vyutpatti : 'syAdvAda' syAt aura vAda ina do padoMse banA hai / vAdakA artha hai kathana yA pratipAdana / 'syAt' vidhiliGmeM banA huA tiGantapratirUpaka nipAta hai / vaha apanemeM eka mahAn uddezya aura vAcaka zaktiko chipAye hue hai / syAtke vidhiliG meM vidhi, vicAra Adi aneka artha hote hai / usameM 'anekAnta' artha yahA~ vivakSita hai | hindI meM yaha 'zAyada' artha meM pracalita-sA ho gayA hai, parantu hameM usakI usa nirdoSa paramparAkA anugamana karanA cAhiye jisake kAraNa yaha zabda 'satyalAMchana ' arthAt satyakA cihna yA pratIka banA hai / 'syAt' zabda 'kathaJcit' ke arthameM vizeSarUpase upayukta baiThatA hai / 'kathaJcit' arthAt 'amuka nizcita apekSAse' vastu amuka dharmavAlI hai / na to yaha 'zAyada', na 'saMbhAvanA' aura na 'kadAcit' kA pratipAdaka hai, kintu 'sunizcita dRSTikoNa' kA vAcaka hai / zabdakA svabhAva hai ki vaha avadhAraNAtmaka hotA hai, isaliye anyake pratiSedha karanemeM vaha niraMkuza rahatA hai / isa anya pratiSedha para aMkuza lagAnekA kArya ' syAt ' karatA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki 'rUpavAn ghaTa: ' vAkya ghar3e ke rUpakA pratipAdana bhale ho kare, para vaha 'rUpavAn hI hai' yaha avadhAraNa karake ghar3emeM rahanevAle rasa, gandha AdikA pratipedha nahIM kara sakatA / vaha apane svArthako mukhya rUpase kahe, yahA~ taka koI hAni nahIM, para yadi vaha isase Age bar3hakara 'apane hI svArtha' ko saba kucha mAnakara zepakA niSedha karatA hai, to usakA aisA karanA anyAya hai aura vastusthitikA viparyAsa karanA hai / 'syAt' zabda isI anyAyako rokatA hai aura nyAyya vacanapaddhatikI sUcanA detA hai / vaha pratyeka vAkyake sAtha antargarbha rahatA hai aura gupta rahakara bhI pratyeka vAkyako mukhya-gauNabhAvase anekAnta arthakA pratipAdaka banAtA hai / 'syAt nipAta hai / nipAta dyotaka bhI hote hai aura vAcaka bhI / yadyapi 'syAt' zabda anekAnta - sAmAnyakA vAcaka hotA hai phira bhI 'asti' Adi vizeSa dharmokA pratipAdana karaneke lie 'asti' Adi tattat dharma
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________________ syAdvAda 483 vAcaka zabdoMkA prayoga karanA hI par3atA hai| tAtparya yaha ki 'syAt asti' vAkyameM 'asti' pada astitva dharmakA vAcaka hai aura 'syAt' zabda 'anekAnta' kaa| vaha usa samaya astise bhinna anya zepa dharmoMkA pratinidhitva karatA hai| java 'syAt' anekAntakA dyotana karatA hai taba 'asti' Adi padoMke prayogase jina astitva Adi dharmokA pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA hai vaha 'anekAnta rUpa hai' yaha dyotana 'syAt' zabda karatA hai| yadi yaha pada na ho, to 'sarvathA astitva' rUpa ekAntakI zaMkA ho jAtI hai / yadyapi syAt aura kathaMcitkA anekAtmaka artha ina zabdoMke prayoga na karanepara bhI kuzala vaktA samajha letA haiM, parantu vaktAko yadi anekAnta vastukA darzana nahIM hai, to vaha ekAntameM bhaTaka sakatA hai| ataH use vastutattvapara Aneke lie Alokastambhake samAna isa 'syAta' jyotikI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| syAdvAda viziSTa bhASApaddhati : syAdvAda sunayakA nirUpaNa karanevAlI viziSTa bhASApaddhati hai / 'syAt zabda yaha nizcitarUpase batAtA hai ki 'vastu kevala isI dharmavAlI hI nahIM hai| usameM isake atirikta bhI aneka dharma samAna hai| usameM avikSita guNadharmoke astitvako rakSA 'syAt' zabda karatA hai / 'rUpavAn ghaTa:' meM 'syAt' zabda 'rUpavAn' ke sAtha nahIM juTatA; kyoMki rUpake astitvako sUcanA to 'rUpavAn' zabda svayaM hI de rahA hai, kintu anya avivakSita zepa dharmoke sAtha usakA anvaya hai| vaha 'rUpavAn' ko pUre ghar3epara adhikAra jamAnese rokatA hai aura sApha kaha detA hai ki 'ghar3A bahuta bar3A hai, usameM anantadharma haiN| rUpa bhI usamese eka hai|' yadyapi rUpakI vivakSA honese abhI rUpa hamArI dRSTimeM mukhya hai aura vahI zabdake dvArA vAcya bana rahA hai, para rasakI vivakSA honepara vaha gauNarAzimeM zAmila ho jAyagA aura rasa pradhAna bana jaaygaa| isa taraha samasta zabda gauNa-mukhyabhAvase
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________________ 484 jainadarzana anekAnta arthake pratipAdaka haiN| isI satyakA udghATana 'syAt' zabda sadA karatA rahatA hai| maiMne pahale batAyA hai ki 'syAt' zabda eka sajaga praharI hai / jo uccarita dharmako idhara-udhara nahIM jAne detaa| vaha avivakSita dharmoke adhikArakA saMrakSaka hai| isalie jo loga syAtkA rUpavAnke sAtha anvaya karake aura usakA 'zAyada, saMbhAvanA aura kadAcit' artha karake ghar3e meM rUpakI sthitiko bhI saMdigdha banAnA cAhate haiM ve vastutaH pragAr3ha bhramameM haiM / isI taraha 'syAdasti ghaTaH' vAkyameM 'asti' yaha astitva aMza ghaTameM sunizcita rUpase didyamAna hai / 'syAt' zabda usa astitvakI sthiti kamajora nahIM bnaataa| kintu usakI vAstavika AMzika sthitikI sUcanA dekara anya nAsti Adi dharmoke gauNa sadbhAvakA pratinidhitva karatA hai / use Dara hai ki kahIM asti nAmakA dharma, jise zabdase uccarita honeke kAraNa pramukhatA milI hai, pUrI vastuko hI na har3apa jAya aura apane anya nAsti Adi sahayogiyoMke sthAnako samApta na kara de / isalie vaha prativAkyameM cetAvanI detA rahatA hai ki 'he bhAI asti, tuma vastuke eka aMza ho, tuma apane anya nAsti Adi bhAiyoMke hakako har3apanekI kuceSTA nahIM krnaa|' isa bhayakA kAraNa hai ki prAcIna kAlase 'nitya hI hai', 'anitya hI hai' Adi har3apU prakRtike aMzavAkyoMne vastupara pUrNa adhikAra jamAkara anadhikAra ceSTA kI hai aura jagatameM aneka tarahase vitaNDA aura saMgharSa utpanna kiye haiN| isake phalasvarUpa padArthake sAtha to anyAya huA hI haiM, para isa vAda-prativAdane aneka kumatavAdoMkI sRSTi karake ahaMkAra, hiMsA, saMgharSa, anudAratA, asahiSNutA Adise vizvako azAnta aura saMgharSapUrNa hiMsAjvAlAmeM paTaka diyA hai| 'syAt' zabda vAkyake usa jaharako nikAla detA hai, jisase ahaMkArakA sRrjana hotA hai| ___ 'syAt' zabda eka ora eka nizcita apekSAse jahA~ astitva dharmakI sthiti sudRr3ha aura sahetuka batAnA hai vahA~ vaha usako usa sarvaharA pravRttiko
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________________ syAdvAda 485 bhI naSTa karatA hai, jisase vaha pUrI vastukA mAlika bananA cAhatA hai / vaha nyAyAdhIzakI taraha turanta kaha detA hai ki 'he asti, tuma apanI adhikAra-sImAko samajho / svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvakI dRSTise jisa prakAra tuma ghaTameM rahate ho, usI taraha paradravyAdiko apekSA 'nAsti' nAmakA tumhArA sagA bhAI bhI usI ghaTameM rahatA hai| ghaTakA parivAra bahuta bar3A hai / abhI tumhArA nAma lekara pukArA gayA hai, isakA itanA hI artha hai ki isa samaya tumase kArya hai, tumhArA prayojana hai, tumhArI mukhyatA, tumhArI vivakSA hai,para isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki tuma apane samAnAdhikArI bhAiyoMke sadbhAvako hI ukhAr3a kara pheMkanekA duSprayAsa kro| vAstavika bAta to yaha hai yadi parakI apekSA 'nAsti' dharma na ho; to jisa ghar3emeM tuma rahate ho vaha ghar3A 'ghar3A' hI na raha jAyagA, kintu kapar3A Adi parapadArtharUpa ho jAyagA / ataH tumheM apanI sthitike liye bhI yaha Avazyaka hai ki tuma anya dharmokI vAstavika sthitiko samajho / tuma unako hiMsA na kara sako, isake liye ahiMsAkA pratIka 'syAt' zabda tumase pahale ho vAkyameM lagA diyA jAtA hai / bhAI asti, yaha tumhArA doSa nahIM hai| tuma to barAbara apane nAsti Adi bhAiyoMke sAtha hilamila kara anantadharmA vastumeM rahate ho ho, saba dharma-bhAI apane-apane svarUpako sApekSabhAvase vastumeM rakhe ho, para ina phUTa DAlanevAle vastudRSTAoMko kyA kahA jAya ? ye apanI ekAMgI dRSTise tumameM phUTa DAlanA cAhate haiM aura pratyeka dharmako pralobhana dekara use hI vastukA pUrA adhikAra de denA cAhate haiM aura cAhate haiM ki tumameM bhI ahaMkArapUrNa sthiti utpanna hokara ApasameM bhedabhAva evaM hiMsAkI sRSTi ho|' basa, 'syAt' zabda eka aisI ajanazalAkA hai jo unakI dRSTi ko vikRta nahIM hone detI, vaha use nirmala aura pUrNadarzI banAtI hai / isa avivakSitasaMrakSaka, dRSTiviSApahArI, sacetaka praharI, ahiMsA aura satyake pratIka, jIvanta nyAyarUpa, zabdako sudhAmaya karanevAle tathA sunizcita apekSAdyotaka 'syAt' zabdake svarUpake sAtha hamAre dArzanikoMne nyAya
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________________ jainadarzana to kiyA hI nahIM, kintu usake svarUpakA 'zAyada, saMbhava aura kadAcit' jaise bhraSTa paryAyoMse vikRta karanekA azobhana prayatna avazya kiyA hai, aura Ajataka kiyA jA rahA hai| virodha-parihAra: ___ sabase thothA tarka to yaha diyA jAtA hai ki 'ghar3A jaba asti hai, to nAsti kaise ho sakatA hai ? ghar3A jaba eka hai to aneka kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha to pratyakSa-virodha hai / ' para vicAra to karo-ghar3A Akhira 'ghar3A' hI to hai, kapar3A to nahIM hai, kurasI to nahIM hai, Tevila to nahIM hai / tAtparya yaha ki vaha ghaTase bhinna ananta padArthoMrUpa nahIM hai| to yaha kahane meM Apako kyoM saMkoca hotA hai ki 'ghar3A apane svarUpase asti hai aura svabhinna pararUpoMse nAsti hai|' isa ghar3emeM ananta pararUpakI apekSA 'nAstitva' hai, anyathA duniyAM meM koI zakti aisI nahIM; jo ghar3eko kapar3A Adi bana se roka sktii| yaha nAstitva dharma hI ghar3eko ghar3eke rUpameM kAyama rakhatA hai| isI nAsti dharmakI sUcanA 'asti' ke prayoga kAlameM 'syAt' zabda detA hai / isI taraha 'ghar3A samagra bhAvase eka hokara bhI apane rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, choTA, bar3A, halakA, bhArI Adi ananta guNa, aura dharmokI dRSTise aneka rUpoMmeM dikhAI detA hai yA nahIM ?' yaha Apa svayaM batAveM / yadi aneka rUpameM dikhAI detA hai to Apako yaha mAnane aura kahane meM kyoM kaSTa hotA hai ki 'ghar3A dravyarUpase eka hokara bhI apane guNa dharma aura zakti AdikI dRSTise aneka hai|' jaba pratyakSase vastumeM aneka virodhI dharmokA spaSTa pratibhAsa ho rahA hai, vastu svayaM ananta virodhI dharmokA avirodhI krIr3Asthala hai, taba hameM kyoM saMzaya aura virodha utpanna karanA cAhiye ? hameM usake svarUpako vikRtarUpameM dekhanekI durdaSTi to nahIM karanI caahie| hama usa mahAn 'syAt' zabdako, jo vastu ke isa pUrNa rUpakI jhAMkI sApekSabhAvase batAtA hai, virodha, saMzaya jaisI gAliyoMse duradurAte
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________________ syAdvAda 487 haiM ! kimAzcaryamataH param / yahA~ dhamakIrtikA yaha zlokAMza dhyAnameM A jAtA hai "yadIyaM svayamarthebhyo rocate tatra ke vayam / - pramANavA0 21210 / arthAt yadi yaha citrarUpatA - anekadharmatA vastuko svayaM ruca rahI hai, usake binA usakA astitva hI saMbhava nahIM hai, to hama bIcameM kAjI bananevAle kauna ? jagatakA eka-eka kaNa isa anantadharmatAkA Akara hai / hameM to sirpha apanI dRSTiko hI nirmala aura vizAla banAnekI AvazyakatA hai / vastumeM virodha nahIM hai / virodha to hamArI dRSTiyoMmeM hai / aura isa dRSTivirodha- jvarakI amRtA (gurabela ) 'syAt' zabda hai, jo rogIko tatkAla kaTu to avazya lagatI hai, para isake binA yaha dRSTi-viSamajvara uttara bhI nahIM sakatA / vastukI anantadharmAtmakatA : 'vastu anekAntarUpa hai' yaha bAta thor3A gambhIra vicAra karate hI anubhavameM A jAtI hai, aura yaha bhI pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai ki hamAre kSudra jJAnane kitanI uchalakUda macA rakhI hai tathA vastuke virAT svarUpake sAtha khilavAr3a kara rakhI hai / padArtha bhAvarUpa bhI hai aura abhAvarUpa bhI hai / yadi sarvathA bhAvarUpa mAnA jAya, yAnI dravyakI taraha paryAyako bhI bhAvarUpa svIkAra kiyA jAya, to prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva ina cAra abhAvoMkA lopa ho jAnese paryAyeM bhI anAdi, ananta aura sarvasaMkararUpa ho jAyeMgI tathA eka dravya dUsare dravyarUpa hokara pratiniyata dravyavyavasthAko hI samApta kara degA / prAgabhAva : koI bhI kArya apanI utpattike pahale 'asat' hotA hai / vaha kAraNoM
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________________ 488 jainadarzana se utpanna hotA hai / kAryakA utpattike pahale na honA hI prAgabhAva kahalAtA hai / yaha abhAva bhAvAntararUpa hotA hai| yaha to dhruvasatya hai ki kisI bhI dravyakI utpatti nahIM hotii| dravya to vizvameM anAdi-ananta gine-ginAye hai| unakI saMkhyA na to kama hotI hai aura na adhika / utpAda hotA hai paryAyakA / dravya apane dravyarUpase kAraNa hotA hai aura paryAyarUpase kArya / jo paryAya utpanna hone jA rahI hai vaha utpattike pahale paryAyarUpameM to nahIM hai, ataH usakA jo yaha abhAva hai vahI prAgabhAva hai| yaha prAgabhAva pUrvaparyAyarUpa hotA hai, arthAt 'ghar3A' paryAya jabataka utpanna nahIM huI, tabataka vaha 'asat' hai aura jisa miTTI dravyase vaha utpanna honevAlI hai usa, dravyakI ghaTase pahalekI paryAya ghaTakA prAgabhAva kahI jAtI hai| yAnI vahI paryAya naSTa hokara ghaTa paryAya banatI hai, ataH vaha paryAya ghaTaprAgabhAva hai / isa taraha atyanta sUkSma kAlako dRSTise pUrvaparyAya hI uttaraparyAyakA prAgabhAva hai, aura santatiko dRSTise yaha prAgabhAva anAdi bhI bhI kahA jAtA hai| pUrvaparyAyakA prAgabhAva tatpUrva paryAya hai, tathA tatpUrvaparyAyakA prAgabhAva usase bhI pUrvako paryAya hogA, isa taraha santatikI dRSTise yaha anAdi hotA hai| yadi kArya-paryAyakA prAgabhAva nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, to kAryaparyAya anAdi ho jAyagI aura dravyameM trikAlavartI sabhI paryAyoMkA eka kAlameM prakaTa sadbhAva mAnanA hogA, jo ki sarvathA pratItiviruddha hai| pradhvaMsAbhAva: dravyakA vinAza nahIM hotA, vinAza hotA hai paryAyakA / ataH kAraNaparyAyakA nAza kAryaparyAyarUpa hotA hai, kAraNa naSTa hokara kArya bana jAtA hai / koI bhI vinAza sarvathA abhAvarUpa yA tuccha na hokara uttaraparyAyarUpa hotA hai / ghar3A paryAya naSTa hokara kapAla paryAya banatI hai, ataH ghaTavinAza kapAla ( khapariyAM ) rUpa hI phalita hotA hai / tAtparya yaha ki pUrvakA
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________________ syAdvAda 489 nAza uttararUpa hotA hai / yadi yaha pradhvaMsAbhAva na mAnA jAya to sabhI paryAyeM ananta ho jAyagI, yAnI vartamAna kSaNameM anAdikAlase aba taka huI. sabhI paryAyoMkA sadbhAva anubhavameM AnA cAhiye, jo ki asaMbhava hai| vartamAnameM to eka hI paryAya anubhavameM AtI hai| yaha zaMkA bhI nahIM hI ho sakatI ki 'ghaTavinAza yadi kapAlarUpa hai to kapAlakA vinAza hone para, yAnI ghaTavinAzakA nAza hone para phira ghar3eko punarujjIvita ho jAnA cAhiye, kyoMki vinAzakA vinAza to sadbhAvarUpa hotA hai'; kyoMki kAraNakA upamardana karake to kArya utpanna hotA hai para kAryakA upamardana karake kAraNa nahIM / upAdAnakA upamardana karake upAdeyako utpatti ho sarvajanasiddha hai / prAgabhAva ( pUrvaparyAya ) aura pradhvaMsAbhAva ( uttara paryAya) meM upAdAna-upAdeyabhAva hai / prAgabhAvakA nAza karake pradhvaMza utpanna hotA hai, para pradhvaMsakA nAza karake prAgabhAva punarujjIvita nahIM ho sakatA / jo naSTa huA, vaha naSTa huA / nAza ananta hai| jo paryAya gayI vaha anantakAlake liye gayI, vaha phira vApisa nahIM A sakatI / 'yadatItamatItameva tat' yaha dhruva niyama hai / yadi pradhvaMsAbhAva nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to koI bhI paryAya naSTa nahIM hogI, sabhI paryAyeM ananta ho jAyagIM, ataH pradhvaMsAbhAva pratiniyata padArtha-vyavasthAke liye nitAnta Avazyaka hai / itaretarAbhAva : eka paryAyakA dUsarI paryAyameM jo abhAva hai vaha itaretarAbhAva hai / svabhAvAntarase svasvabhAvako vyAvRttiko itaretarAbhAva kahate haiM / pratyeka padArthake apane-apane svabhAva nizcita hai| eka svabhAva dUsare rUpa nahIM hotA / yaha jo svabhAvoMkI pratiniyatatA hai vahI itaretarAbhAva hai / isameM eka dravyakI paryAyoMkA parasparameM jo abhAva hai vahI itaretarAbhAva phalita hotA hai, jaise ghaTakA paTameM aura paTakA ghaTameM vartamAnakAlika abhAva / kAlAntarameM ghaTake paramANu miTTI, kapAsa aura tantu banakara paTaparyAyako
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________________ jainadarzana dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, para vartamAnameM to ghaTa paTa nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha jo vartamAnakAlIna paraspara vyAvRtti hai vaha anyonyAbhAva hai| prAgabhAva aura pradhvaMsAbhAvase anyonyAbhAvakA kArya nahIM calAyA jA sakatA; kyoMki jisake abhAvameM niyamase kAryakI utpatti ho vaha prAgabhAva aura jisake hone para niyamase kAryakA vinAza ho vaha pradhvaMsAbhAva kahalAtA hai, para itaretarAbhAvake abhAva yA bhAvaro kAryotpatti yA vinAzakA koI sambandha nahIM hai / vaha to vartamAna paryAyoMke pratiniyata svarUpakI vyavasthA karatA hai ki ve eka dUsare rUpa nahIM haiN| yadi yaha itaretarAbhAva nahIM mAnA jAtA; to koI bhI pratiniyata paryAya sarvAtmaka ho jAyagI, yAnI saba sarvAtmaka ho jaaNygeN| atyantAbhAva : eka dravyakA dUsare dravyameM jo traikAlika abhAva hai vaha atyantAbhAva hai / jJAnakA AtmA samavAya hai, usakA samavAya kabhI bhI pudgalameM nahIM ho sakatA, yaha atyantAbhAva kahalAtA hai| itaretarAbhAva vartamAnakAlIna hotA hai aura eka svabhAvakI dUsarese vyAvRtti karAnA hI usakA lakSya hotA hai| yadi atyantAbhAvakA lopa kara diyA jAye to kisI bhI dravyakA koI asAdhAraNa svarUpa nahIM raha jaaygaa| saba dravya saba rUpa ho jaaygeN| atyantAbhAvake kAraNa hI eka dravya dUsare dravyarUpa nahIM ho paataa| dravya cAhe sajAtIya hoM, yA vijAtIya, unakA apanA pratiniyata akhaMDa svarUpa hotA hai| eka dravya dUsaremeM kabhI bhI aisA vilIna nahIM hotA, jisase usakI sattA hI samApta ho jAya / isa taraha ye cAra abhAva, jo ki prakArAntarase bhAvarUpa hI haiM, vastuke dharma haiN| inakA lopa honepara, yAnI padArthoMko sarvathA bhAvAtmaka mAnanepara ukta dUSaNa Ate haiN| ataH abhAvAMza bhI vastukA usI taraha dharma hai jisa prakAra ki bhAvAMza / ataH vastu bhAvAbhAvAtmaka hai|
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________________ syAhAda yadi vastu abhAvAtmaka hI mAnI jAya, yAnI sarvathA zUnya ho; to, bodha aura vAkyakA bhI abhAva honese 'abhAvAtmaka tattva' kI svayaM kaise pratIti hogI ? tathA parako kaise samajhAyA jAyagA ? svapratipattikA sAdhana hai bodha tathA parapratipattikA upAya hai vAkya / ina donoMke abhAvame svapakSakA sAdhana aura parapakSakA dUSaNa kaise ho sakegA? isa taraha vicAra karanese lokakA pratyeka padArtha bhAvAbhAvAtmaka pratIta hotA hai| sIdhI bAta hai-koI bhI padArtha apane nijarUpame hI hogA, pararUpameM nhiiN| usakA isa prakAra svarUpamaya honA hI padArthamAtrakI anekAntAtmakatAko siddha kara detA hai| yahA~ taka to padArthakI sAmAnya sthitikA vicAra huaa| aba hama pratyeka dravyako lekara bhI vicAra kareM to hara dravya sadasadAtmaka hI anubhavame AtA hai / sadasadAtmaka tattva : pratyeka dravyakA apanA asAdhAraNa svarUpa hotA hai, usakA nijI kSetra, kAla aura bhAva hotA hai, jinameM usakI sattA sImita rahatI hai| sUkSma vicAra karanepara kSetra, kAla aura bhAva antataH dravyako asAdhAraNa sthiti rUpa hI phalita hote hai / yaha dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakA catuSTaya svarUpacatuSTaya kahalAtA hai / pratyeka dravya apane svarUpacatuSTayase sat hotA hai aura pararUpacatuSTayase asat / yadi svarUpacatuSTayakI taraha pararUpacatuSTayase bhI sat mAna liyA jAya; to stra aura parameM koI bheda nahIM rahakara sabako sarvAtmakatAkA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| yadi pararUpakI taraha svarUpase bhI asat ho jAya; to niHsvarUpa honese abhAvAtmakatAkA prasaMga hotA hai| ataH lokakI pratItisiddha vyavasthAke liye pratyeka padArthako svarUpase sat aura pararUpase amat mAnanA hI cAhiye / dravya eka ikAI hai, akhaMDa maulika hai / pudgala dravyoMmeM hI paramANuoMke paraspara saMyogase choTe-bar3e aneka skandha taiyAra hote haiM / ye skandha saMyuktaparyAya hai| aneka dravyoMke saMyogase
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________________ 492 jainadarzana hI ghaTa, paTa Adi sthUla padArthoMkI sRSTi hotI hai / ye saMyukta sthUla paryAyeM bhI apane dravya, apane kSetra, apane kAla aura apane asAdhAraNa nija dharmakI dRSTise 'sat' haiM aura paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAvakI dRSTise asat haiM / isa taraha koI bhI padArtha isa sadasadAtmakatAkA apavAda nahIM ho sakatA / ekAnekAtmaka tattva : hama pahale likha cuke haiM ki do dravya vyavahArake liye hI eka kahe jA sakate haiM / vastutaH do pRthak svataMtrasikSa dravya ekasattAka nahIM ho sakate / pudgala dravyake aneka aNu jaba skandha avasthAko prApta hote haiM taba unakA aisA rAsAyanika mizraNa hotA hai, jisase ye amuka kAla taka ekasattAka jaise ho jAte haiM / aisI dazAmeM hameM pratyeka dravyakA vicAra karate samaya dravyadRSTise use eka mAnanA hogA aura guNa tathA paryAyoMkI dRSTise aneka eka ho manuSyajIva apanI bAla, yuvA, vRddha Adi avasthAoMkI dRSTise aneka anubhava meM AtA hai / dravya apanI guNa aura paryAyoMse, saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adiko apekSA bhinna hokara bhI cU~ki dravyase pRthak guNa aura paryAyoMkI sattA nahIM pAI jAtI, yA prayatna karane para bhI hama dravyase guNaparyAyoMkA vivecana-pRthakkaraNa nahIM kara sakate, ataH ve abhinna haiM / satsAmAnyakI dRSTi se samasta dravyoMko eka kahA jA sakatA hai aura apaneapane vyaktitvakI dRSTise pRthak arthAt aneka / isa taraha samagra vizva aneka hokara bhI vyavahArArtha saMgrahanayako dRSTise eka kahA jAtA hai / eka dravya apane guNa aura paryAyoMkI dRSTise anekAtmaka hai / eka hI AtmA harSa-viSAda, sukha-duHkha, jJAna Adi aneka rUpoMse anubhavameM AtA haiM / dravyakA lakSaNa anvayarUpa hai, jaba ki paryAya vyatirekarUpa hotI hai / dravyakI saMkhyA eka hai aura paryAyoMkI aneka / dravyakA prayojana anvayajJAna hai aura paryAyakA prayojana hai vyatireka jJAna / paryAyeM pratikSaNa naSTa
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________________ syAdvAda hotI haiM aura dravya anAdi ananta hotA hai| isa taraha eka hokara bhI dravyakI anekarUpatA jaba pratItisiddha hai taba usameM virodha, saMzaya Adi dUSaNoMkA koI avakAza nahIM haiN| nityAnityAtmaka tattva ___ yadi dravyako sarvathA nitya mAnA jAtA hai to usameM kisI bhI prakArake pariNamanakI saMbhAvanA nahIM honese koI arthakriyA nahIM ho sakegI aura arthakriyAzUnya honese puNya-pApa, bandha-mokSa, lena-dena AdikI samasta vyavasthAe~ naSTa ho jaayNgii| yadi padArtha eka jaisA kUTastha nitya rahatA hai to jagake pratikSaNake parivartana asaMbhava ho jAyeMge / aura yadi padArthako sarvathA vinAzI mAnA jAtA hai to pUrvaparyAyakA uttaraparyAyake sAtha koI vAstavika sambandha na honeke kAraNa lenadena, bandha-mokSa, smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna Adi vyavahAra ucchinna ho jaayeNge| jo karatA hai usake bhoganekA krama hI nahIM rhegaa| nitya pakSa meM kartRtva nahIM banatA, to anitya pakSameM karanevAlA eka aura bhoganevAlA dUsarA hotA hai| upAdAna-upAdeyabhAvamUlaka kAryakAraNabhAva bhI isa pakSa meM nahIM bana sktaa| ataH samasta loka-paraloka tathA kAryakAraNabhAva Adiko suvyavasthAke liye padArthoMmeM parivartanake sAtha-hI-sAtha usakI maulikatA aura anAdianantarUpa dravyatvakA AdhArabhUta dhru vatva bhI svIkAra karanA hI cAhiye / isake mAne binA dravyakA maulikatva surakSita nahIM raha sktaa| ataH pratyeka dravya apanI anAdi ananta dhArAmeM pratikSaNa sadRza, visadRza, alpasadRza, ardhasadRza Adi anekarUpa pariNamana karatA huA bhI kabhI samApta nahIM hotA, usakA samUla uccheda yA vinAza nahIM hotA / AtmAko mokSa ho jAne para bhI usakI samApti nahIM hotI, kintu vaha apane zuddhatama svarUpameM sthira ho jAtA hai| usa samaya usameM vaibhAvika pariNamana nahIM hokara dravyagata utpAda-vyaya svarUpake kAraNa svabhAvabhUta sadRza pariNamana
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________________ 494 jainadarzana sadA hotA rahatA hai / kabhI bhI yaha pariNamanacakra rukatA nahIM hai aura na kabhI koI bhI dravya samApta hI ho sakatA hai| ataH pratyeka dravya nityAnityAtmaka hai| ___yadyapi hama svayaM apanI bAla, yuvA, vRddha Adi avasthAoMmeM badala rahe haiM, phira bhI hamArA eka aisA astitva to hai hI, jo ina saba parivartanoMmeM hamArI ekarUpatA rakhatA hai| vastusthiti jaba isataraha pariNAmo-nityakI hai, taba yaha zaMkA ki 'jo nitya hai vaha anitya kaisA ?' nirmUla hai; kyoMki parivartanoMke AdhArabhUta padArthako santAnaparamparA usake anAdyananta sattvake binA bana hI nahIM sktii| yahI usakI nityatA hai jo ananta parivartanoMke bAvajUda bhI vaha samApta nahIM hotA aura apane atItake saMskAroMko letA-chor3atA vartamAna taka AtA hai aura apane bhaviSyake eka-eka kSaNako vartamAna banAtA huA unheM atItake gahvarameM DhakelatA jAtA hai, para kabhI svayaM rukatA nahIM hai| kisI aise kAlakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, jo svayaM aMtima ho, jisake bAda dUsarA kAla nahIM AnevAlA ho| kAlakI taraha samasta jagatake aNu-paramANu aura cetana AdimeMse koI eka yA sabhI kabhI nirmUla samApta ho jAyage, aiso kalpanA hI nahIM hotii| yaha koI buddhiko sImAke parekI bAta nahIM hai| buddhi 'amuka kSaNameM amuka padArthakI amuka avasthA hogI' isa prakAra parivartanakA vizeSarUpa na bhI jAna sake, para itanA to use spaSTa bhAna hotA hai ki 'padArthakA bhaviSyake pratyeka kSaNameM koI-na-koI parivartana avazya hogaa|' jaba dravya apanemeM maulika hai, taba usakI samApti, yAnI samUla nAzakA prazna hI nahIM hai| ataH padArthamAtra, cAhe vaha cetana ho, yA acetana, pariNAmInitya hai / vaha pratikSaNa trilakSaNa hai / hara samaya koI eka paryAya usakI hogI hii| vaha atIta paryAyakA nAza kara jisa prakAra svayaM astitvameM AI hai usI taraha uttara paryAyako utpanna kara svayaM naSTa ho jaaygii| atItakA vyaya vartamAnakA utpAda aura donoMmeM dravyarUpase dhruvatA hai hii|
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________________ syAdvAda 495 yaha trayAtmakatA vastukI jAna haiN| isIko svAmI samastabhadra tathA bhaTTa kumArilane laukika dRSTAntase isa prakAra samajhAyA hai ki jaba soneke kalazako miTAkara mukuTa banAyA gayA, to kalazArthIko zoka huA, mukuTAbhilASIko harSa aura suvarNArthIko mAdhyasthyabhAva rhaa| kalazArthIko zauka kalazake nAzake kAraNa huA, mukuTAbhilApIko harpa mukuTake utpAdake kAraNa tathA suvarNArthIko taTasthatA donoM dazAoMmeM suvarNake bane rahaneke kAraNa huI hai / ataH vastu utpAdAditrayAtmaka hai| jaba dUdhako jamAkara dahI banAyA gayA, to jisa vyaktiko dUdha khAnekA vrata hai vaha dahIko nahIM khAyagA, para jise dahI khAnekA vrata hai vaha dahIko to khA legA, para dUdhako nahIM khAyagA, aura jise gorasake tyAgakA vrata hai vaha na dUdha khAyagA aura na dahI; kyoMki donoM hI avasthAoM meM gorasa hai hii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki gorasakI hI dUdha aura dahI donoM kramika paryAyeM thiiN| pAtaJjala mahAbhASyameM bhI padArthake trayAtmakatvakA samarthana zabdArtha 1. "ghaTamaulimuvarNAthAM nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // " -AptamI0 zlo0 59 / "vardhamAnakabhaGge ca rucakaH kriyate ydaa|| tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarArthinaH // hemAthinatu mAdhyarathyaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / rithatyA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnyanityatA // " ___-mI0 zlo0 pR0 619 / 2. "payovrato na dadhyatti na payo'tti ddhivrtH| agorasavato nome tasmAttatvaM trayAtmakan // " -AptamI0 zlo0 69 3. "dravyaM hi nityamAkRtiranityA / suvarNa kayAcidAkRtyA yuktaM piNDoM bhavati, piNDAkRtimupasRdha rucakAH kriyante, rucakAkRtimupamRdya kaTakAH kriyante, kaTakAkRtimupamRdya svastikAH kriyante, punarAvRttaH suvarNapiNDaH punaraparayA AkRtyA yuktaH khadirAGgArasadRze kuNDale bhvtH| AkRtiranyA anyA ca bhavati, dravyaM punastadeva, AkRtyupamardaina drvymevaavshissyte|" -pAta0 mahAmA0 11111 / yogamA0 4 / 13 /
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________________ 496 jainadarzana mImAMsA ke prakaraNa meM milatA hai / AkRti naSTa hone para bhI padArthakI sattA banI rahatI hai| eka hI kSaNamai vastuke trayAtmaka kahanekA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki pUrvakA vinAza aura uttarakA utpAda do cIjeM nahIM haiM, kintu eka kAraNase utpanna honeke kAraNa pUrvavinAza hI uttarotpAda hai / jo utpanna hotA hai vahI naSTa hotA hai aura vahI dhruva hai / yaha sunane meM to aTapaTA lagatA hai ki 'jo utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai vaha dhruva kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha to prakaTa virodha hai; paraMtu vastusthitikA thor3I sthiratAse vicAra karane para yaha kucha bhI aTapaTA nahIM lagatA / isake mAne binA tattvake svarUpakA nirvAha ho nahIM ho sakatA / bhedAbhedAtmaka tatva : guNa aura guNImeM, samAnya aura sAmAnyavAn meM, avayava aura avayavImeM, kAraNa aura kArya meM sarvathA bheda mAnanese guNaguNIbhAva Adi nahIM hI bana skte| sarvathA abheda mAnane para bhI yaha guNa haiM aura yaha guNI, yaha vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA / guNa yadi guNIse sarvathA bhinna hai, to amuka guNakA amuka guNIse hI niyata sambandha kaise kiyA jA sakatA ? avayavI yadi avayavoMse sarvathA bhinna hai, to eka avayavI apane avayavoMmeM sarvAtmanA rahatA hai, yA ekadezase ? yadi pUrNarUpase; to jitane avayava haiM utane hI avayavI mAnanA hoMge / yadi ekadezase; to jitane avayava hai utane pradeza usa avayavI ke svIkAra karanA hoNgeN| isa taraha sarvathA bheda aura abheda pakSameM aneka dUSaNa Ate hai / ataH tattvako pUrvokta prakArase kathaJcit bhedAbhedAtmaka mAnanA cAhiye / jo dravya hai vahI abheda hai aura jo guNa aura paryAya hai vahI bheda hai / do pRthasiddha dravyoM meM jisa prakAra abheda kAlpanika hai usI taraha eka dravyakA apane guNa aura paryAyoMse bheda mAnanA bhI sirpha samajhane aura samajhAneke liye hai / guNa aura paryAyako chor3akara dravyakA - koI svatantra astitva nahIM hai, jo inameM rahatA ho /
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________________ saptabhaMgI 497 isI taraha 'anyAnanyAtmaka aura pRthaktvApRthaktvAtmaka tattvako bhI vyAkhyA kara lenI caahiye| dharma-dharmibhAvakA vyavahAra bhale hI ApekSika ho, para svarUpa lo svataHsiddha hI hai / jaise-eka hI vyakti vibhinna apekSAoMse kartA, karma, karaNa Adi kArakarUpase vyavahAra meM AtA hai, para usa vyaktikA svarUpa svataHsiddha hI huA karatA hai; usI taraha pratyeka padArthame anantadharma svarUpasiddha hokara bhI parako apekSAse vyavahArameM Ate hai| niSkarSa itanA hI hai ki pratyeka akhaNDa tattva yA dravyako vyavahArameM utAraneke liye usakA aneka dharmoke AkArake rUpameM varNana kiyA jAtA hai / usa dravyako chor3akara dharmokI svatantra sattA nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM ananta guNa, paryAya aura dharmoko chor3akara dravyakA koI svatantra astitva nahIM hai| koI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA, jaba guNaparyAyazUnya dravya pRthak mila sake, yA dravyase bhinna guNa aura paryAyeM dikhAI jA skeN| isa taraha syAdvAda isa anekAntarUpa arthako nirdoSapaddhatise vacanavyavahArameM utAratA hai aura pratyeka vAkyakI sApekSatA aura AMzika sthitikA bodha karAtA hai| saptabhaMgI: vastuko anekAntAtmakatA aura bhASAke nirdoSa prakAra-syAdvAdako samajha leneke bAda saptabhaMgIkA svarUpa samajhanemeM AsAnI ho jAtI hai / 'anekAnta' meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki vastumeM sAmAnyatayA vibhinna apekSAoMse anantadharma hote hai| vizeSataH anekAntakA prayojana 'pratyeka dharma apane pratipakSI dharmake sAtha vastumeM rahatA hai' yaha pratipAdana karanA hI hai| yoM to eka pudgalameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, halakA, bhArI, sattva, ekatva Adi aneka dharma ginAye jA sakate hai / parantu 'sat' amatkA avi1. AptamI0 shlo061| 2. AptamI0 zlo0 28 / 3. Aptamo. zlo0 73-75 / 32
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________________ 498 jainadarzana nAbhAvI hai aura eka anekakA avinAbhAvI hai' yaha sthApita karanA hI anekAntakA mukhya lakSya hai / isI vizeSa hetuse pramANAvirodhI vidhipratiSedhakI kalpanAko saptabhaMgI kahate hai| ___ isa bhAratabhUmime vizvake samvandhase sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya ye cAra pakSa vaidikakAlase hI vicArakoTime rahe hai / "sadeva saumyedamagra AsIt" ( chAndo0 6 / 2 ) "asadevedamagra AsIt" ( chAndo0 3 / 16 / 1 ) ityAdi vAkya jagatke sambandhame sat aura asat rUpase parasparavirodhI do kalpanAoko spaSTa upasthita kara rahe hai / to vahI sat aura asat isa ubhayarUpatAkA tathA ina sabase pare vacanAgocara tattvakA pratipAdana karanevAle pakSa bhI maujUda the| buddhake avyAkRtavAda aura saMjayake ajJAnavAdame inhI cAra pakSoke darzana hote hai| usa samayakA vAtAvaraNa hI aisA thA ki pratyeka vastukA svarUpa 'sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya' ina cAra koTiyose vicArA jAtA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIrane apanI vizAla aura udAra tattvadRSTime vastuke virATarUpako dekhA aura batAyA ki vastuke anantadharmamaya svarUpasAgarame ye cAra koTiyA~ to kyA, aisI ananta. koTiyAM laharA rahI hai| apunarukta bhaMga sAta haiM : ___ cAra koTiyome tIsarI ubhayakoTi to sat aura asat do ko milAkara banAI gaI hai| mUla bhaGga to tIna hI hai-sat, asat aura anubhaya arthAt avaktavya / gaNitake niyamake anusAra tInake apunarukta vikalpa sAta hI ho sakate hai, adhika nahI / jaise-soTha, miraca aura pIpalake pratyekapratyeka tIna svAda aura dvisaMyogI tIna-( soTha-miraca, soTha-pIpala aura miraca-pIpala ) tathA eka trisaMyogI ( soTha-miraca-pIpala milAkara ) isa taraha apunarukta svAda sAta hI ho sakate hai, usI taraha sat, asat aura anubhaya ( avaktavya ) ke apunarukta bhaMga sAta hI ho
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________________ saptabhaMgI 499 sakate haiM / bha0 mahAvIrane kahA ki vastu itanI virAT hai ki usameM cAra koTiyAM to kyA, inake milAna-jur3Anake bAda adhika-se-adhika saMbhava honevAlI sAta koTiyAM bhI vidyamAna hai| Aja logoMkA prazna cAra koTiyoMmeM ghUmatA hai, para kalpanA to eka-eka dharmame adhika-se-adhika sAta prakArako ho sakatI hai| ye sAtoM prakArake apunarukta dharma vastume vidyamAna hai| yahA~ yaha bAta khAsa taurase dhyAname rakhanekI hai ki eka-eka dharmako kendrameM rakhakara usake pratipakSI virodhI dharmake sAtha vastuke vAstavikarUpa yA zabdako asAmarthyajanya avaktavyatAko milAkara sAta bhaMgoM yA sAta dharmokI kalpanA hotI hai| aise asaMkhya sAta-sAta bhaMga pratyeka dharmakI apekSAse vastume saMbhava hai| isaliye vastuko saptadharmA na kahakara anantadharmA yA anekAntAtmaka kahA gayA hai / java hama astitva dharmakA vicAra karate hai to astitvaviSayaka sAta bhaMga banate hai aura jaba nityatva dharmakI vivecanA karate hai to nityatvako kendrame rakhakara sAta bhaMga bana jAte hai| isataraha asaMkhya sAta-sAta bhaMga vastume saMbhava hote hai / sAta hI bhaMga kyoM ?: ___ 'bhaMga sAta hI kyoM hote hai ?' isa praznakA eka samAdhAna to yaha hai ki tIna vastuoMke gaNitake niyamake anusAra apunarukta bhaMga sAta hI ho sakate hai| dUsarA samAdhAna hai ki prazna sAta prakArake hI hote hai / 'prazna sAta prakArake kyoM hote hai ?' isakA uttara hai ki jijJAsA sAta prakArakI hI hotI hai| 'jijJAsA sAta prakArako kyoM hotI hai ?' isakA uttara hai ki saMzaya sAta prakArake hI hote hai| 'saMzaya sAta prakArake kyoM hai ?' isakA jabAba hai ki vastuke dharma hI sAta prakArake hai| tAtparya yaha ki saptabhaMgInyAyame manuSya svabhAvakI tarkamUlaka pravRttiko gaharI chAnabIna karake vaijJAnika AdhArase yaha nizcaya kiyA gayA hai ki Aja jo 'sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhayako' cAra koTiyA~ tattvavicArake
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________________ 500 jainadarzana kSetrameM pracalita hai unakA adhika-se-adhika vikAsa sAtarUpameM hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai / satya to trikAlAbAdhita hotA hai, ataH tarkajanya praznoMko adhikatama saMbhAvanA karake hI unakA samAdhAna isa saptabhaMgI prakriyAse kiyA gayA hai| vastukA nijarUpa to vacanAtIta-anirvacanIya hai / zabda usake akhaNDa AtmarUpa taka nahIM pahu~ca sakate / koI jJAnI usa avaktavya, akhaMDa vastuko kahanA cAhatA hai to vaha pahale usakA 'asti' rUpame varNana karatA hai / para jaba vaha dekhatA hai ki isase vastukA pUrNa rUpa varNita nahIM ho sakatA hai, to usakA 'nAsti' rUpameM varNana karanekI ora jhukatA hai / kintu phira bhI vastuko anantadharmAtmakatAko sImAko nahIM chU paataa| phira vaha kAlakramase ubhayarUpame varNana karake bhI usakI pUrNatAko nahIM pahu~ca pAtA, taba baravasa apanI tathA zabdako asAmarthyapara khIjha kara kaha uThatA hai "yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha" ( taittirI0 2 / 4 / 1 ) arthAt jisake svarUpakI prApti vacana tathA mana bhI nahIM kara sakate, ve bhI usase nivRtta ho jAte haiM, aisA hai vaha vacana tathA manakA agocara akhaNDa anirvacIya anantadharmA vastutattva / isa sthitike anusAra vaha mUlarUpa to avaktavya hai| usake kahanekI ceSTA jisa dharmase prArambha hotI hai vaha tathA usakA pratipakSI dUsarA, isa taraha tIna dharma mukhya hai, aura inhIM tInakA vistAra saptabhaMgIke rUpameM sAmane AtA hai| Ageke bhaMga vastutaH svatantra bhaMga nahIM hai, ve to praznoMkI adhikatama saMbhAvanAke rUpa hai| zve. Agama granthoMmeM yadyapi kaNThokta rUpame 'siya asthi siya Natthi siya avattavvA' rUpa tIna bhaMgoMke nAma milate hai, para bhagavatIsUtra (12 / 10 / 466 ) meM jo AtmAkA varNana AyA hai usameM spaSTa rUpase sAtoM bhaMgoMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| A0 kundakundane paMcAstikAya 1. dekho, jainatarkavAtika prastAvanA pR0 44-49 /
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________________ saptabhaMgI 501 ( gA0 14 ) meM sAta bhaMgoMke nAma ginAkara 'saptabhaMga' zabdakA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / isameM antara itanA hI hai ki bhagavatIsUtrameM avaktavya bhaMgako tIsarA sthAna diyA hai jaba ki kundakundane use paMcAstikAyameM cauthe naMbara para rakhakara bhI pravacanasAra ( gA0 23 ) meM ise tIsare naMbara para hI rakhA hai| uttarakAlIna digambara-zvetAmbara tarka-granthoMmeM isa bhaMgakA donoM hI kramase ullekha milatA hai| avaktavya bhaMgakA artha: avaktavya bhaMgake do artha hote haiM / eka to zabdakI asAmarthyake kAraNa vastuke anantadharmA svarUpako vacanAgocara ataeva avaktavya kahanA aura dUsarA vivakSita saptabhaMgImeM prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgoMke yugapat kaha sakanekI sAmarthya na honeke kAraNa avaktavya khnaa| pahale prakArameM vaha eka vyApaka rUpa hai jo vastuke sAmAnya pUrNa rUpapara lAgU hotA hai aura dUsarA prakAra vivakSita do dharmoko yugapat na kaha sakanekI dRSTise honeke kAraNa vaha eka dharmake rUpameM sAmane AtA hai arthAt vastukA eka rUpa avaktavya bhI hai aura eka rUpa vaktavya bhI, jo zepa dharmoke dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai| yahA~ taka ki 'avaktavya' zabdake dvArA bhI usIkA sparza hotA hai| do dharmoko yugapat na kaha sakanekI dRSTise jo avaktavya dharma phalita hotA hai vaha tattat saptabhaMgiyoMmeM judA-judA hI hai, yAnI sat aura asatko yugapat na kaha sakaneke kAraNa jo avaktavya dharma hogA vaha eka aura anekako yugapat na kaha sakaneke kAraNa phalita honevAle avaktavya bhaMgase judA hogaa| avaktavya aura vaktavyako lekara jo saptabhaMgI calegI usameMkA avaktavya bhI vaktavya aura avaktavyako yugapat na kaha sakaneke kAraNa hI phalita hogA, vaha bhI eka dharmarUpa hI hogaa| saptabhaMgomeM jo avaktavya dharma vivakSita hai vaha do dharmoke yugapat kahanekI asAmayaMke 1. dekho, akalaGkagranthatraya Ti0 pR0 169 /
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________________ 502 jainadarzana kAraNa phalita honevAlA hI vivakSita hai / vastuke pUrNarUpavAlA avaktavya bhI yadyapi eka dharma hI hotA hai, para usakA isa saptabhaMgIvAle avaktavyase bheda hai / usameM bhI pUrNarUpase avaktavyatA aura aMzarUpase vaktavyatAko vivakSA karane para saptabhaMgI banAI jA sakatI hai / kintu nirupAdhi anivacanIyatA aura vivakSita do dharmoko yugapat kaha sakanekI asAmarthyajanya avaktavyatAmeM vyApya vyApakarUpase bheda to hai hI / 'sat' viSayaka saptabhaMgI meM prathamabhaMga ( 1 ) syAdasti ghaTaH, dUsarA isakA pratipakSI ( 2 ) syAnnAsti ghaTa:, tIsarA bhaMga yugapat kahane kI asAmarthya honese (3) syAdavaktavyo ghaTaH cauthA bhaMga kramase prathama aura dvitIyako vivakSA hone para ( 4 ) syAdubhayo ghaTaH, pA~cavA~ prathama samayameM astikI aura dvitIya samaya meM avaktavyako kramika vivakSA honepara (5) syAdasti avaktavyo ghaTaH, chaThavAM prathama samaya meM nAsti aura dvitIya samayameM avaktavyako kramika vivakSA hone para ( 6 ) syAnnAsti avaktavyo ghaTa:, sAtavA~ prathama samayameM asti, dvitIya samaya meM nAsti aura tRtIya samayameM avaktavyako kramika vivakSA honepara (7) syAdasti nAsti avaktavyo ghaTaH, isa prakAra sAta bhaMga hote hai | prathama bhaMga - ghaTakA astitva svacatuSTaya kI dRSTise hai / usake apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva hI astitva ke niyAmaka haiM / 1. ghar3eke svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTayakA vivecana tattvArthavArtika (1 / 6) meM isa prakAra hai - (1) jisameM 'ghaTa' buddhi aura 'ghaTa' zabdakA vyavahAra ho vaha svAtmA tathA usase bhinna parAtmA / 'ghaTa' svAtmAkI dRSTise asti hai aura parAtmAkI dRSTise nAsti / ( 2 ) nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva nikSepoMkA jo AdhAra hotA hai vaha svAtmA tathA anya parAtmA / yadi anya rUpase bhI 'ghaTa' asti kahA jAya to pratiniyata nAmAdi vyavahArakA uccheda hI ho jAyagA / (3) 'ghaTa' zabdake vAcya aneka ghar3oMmeMse vivakSita amuka ghaTakA jo AkAra Adi hai vaha svAtmA, anya parAtmA / yadi itara ghaTake AkArase bhI vaha 'ghaTa' asti ho, to sabhI ghar3e ekarUpa ho jAyeMge / ( 4 ) amuka ghaTa bhI dravyadRSTise
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________________ saptabhaMgI 503 anekakSaNasthAyI hotA hai / cU~ki anvayI mRdddravyakI apekSA sthAsa, koza, kuzUla, kapAla Adi pUrvottara avasthAoM meM bhI 'ghaTa' vyavahAra saMbhava hai / ataH madhyakSaNavartI 'ghaTa' paryAya svAtmA hai tathA anya pUrvottara paryAyeM parAtmA / umI avasthA meM vaha ghaTa hai, kyoMki ghaTake guNa, kriyA Adi usI avasthAmeM pAye jAte haiM / (5) uma madhyakAlavatI ghaTa paryAyameM bhI pratikSaNa upacaya aura apacaya hotA rahatA hai, ataH Rjugutranayako dRSTise ekakSaNavartI ghaTa hI svAtmA hai, anIta anAgata kAlIna usI ghaTako paryAyeM parAtmA hai / yadi pratyutpanna kSaNakI taraha atIta aura janAgata kSaNoMse bhI ghaTakA astitva mAnA jAya to sabhI ghaTa vatamAna kSaNamAtra hI ho jAyageM / atIta aura anAgatakI taraha pratyutpanna kSaNase bhI asattva mAnA jAya, to jagatase ghaTavyavahArakA lopa hI ho jAyagA / (6) usa pratyutpanna ghaTa kSaNameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, AkAra Adi aneka guNa aura paryAya haiM, ataH ghaDA pRthuvunIdAkArase hai; kyoMki ghaTavyavahAra isI AkArase hotA hai, anyase nahIM / (7) AkAra meM rUpa, rasa Adi sabhI haiM / ghar3eke rUpako A~khase dekhakara hI ghar3e ke astitvakA vyavahAra hotA hai, ata: rUpa svAtmA hai tathA rasAdi parAtmA / okhase ghar3eko dekhatA hU~, yahAM rUpakI taraha rasAdi bhI ghaTake svAtmA ho jaoNya, to rasAdi bhI cakSugrAdya honese rUpAtmaka ho jaayeNge| aisI dazAmeM anya indriyoMko kalpanA hI nirarthaka ho jAtI hai / (8) zabdabhedase arthabheda hotA hai / ataH ghaTa zabdakA artha judA hai tathA kuTa Adi zabdAMkA judA, ghaTana kriyAke kAraNa ghaTa hai tathA kuTila honese kuTa / ataH bar3A jisa samaya ghaTana kriyAmeM pariNata ho, usI samaya use ghaTa kahanA cAhiye / isaliye ghaTana kriyAmeM karttArUpase upayukta honevAlA svarUpa svAtmA hai aura anya parAtmA / yadi itararUpase bhI ghaTa kahA jAya, to paTAdimeM bhI ghaTavyavahAra honA caahiye| isa taraha sabhI padArtha eka zabdake vAcya ho jAyageM 1 (9) ghaTazabda ke prayogake bAda utpanna ghaTAnAkAra svAtmA hai, kyoMki vahI antaraMga hai aura ahe hai, bAhya ghaTAkAra parAtmA hai, ataH ghaDA upayogAkArase hai, anyase nahIM / (10) caitanyazaktike do AkAra hote haiM -1 jJAnAkAra 2 zeyAkAra / pratibimbazUnya darpaNakI taraha jJAnAkAra hai aura sapratibimba darpaNako taraha zeyAkAra / inameM zeyAkAra svAtmA hai kyoMki ghaTAkAra zAnase hI ghaTavyavahAra hotA hai| jJAnAkAra parAtmA hai, kyoMki vaha sarvasAdhAraNa hai / yadi jJAnAkArase ghaTa mAnA jAya to 'paTAdi jJAna kAlameM bhI vaTavyavahAra honA cAhie / yadi jJeyAkAra se bhI ghaTa 'nAsti ' mAnA jAya, to ghaTa vyavahAra nirAdhAra ho jAyagA / "
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________________ 504 jainadarzana dvitIya bhaMga-ghaTakA nAstitva ghaTabhinna yAvat parapadArthoke dravyAdi catuSTayakI apekSAse hai; kyoMki ghaTameM tathA parapadArthomeM bhedakI pratIti pramANasiddha hai| tRtIya bhaMga-jaba ghar3eke donoM svarUpa yugapat vivakSita hote haiM, to koI aisA zabda nahIM hai jo donoMko mukhyabhAvase eka sAtha kaha sake, ataH ghaTa avaktavya hai| ___ Ageke cAra bhaMga saMyogaja hai aura ve ina tIna bhaMgoMkI kramika vivakSA para sAmUhika dRSTi rahanepara banate hai / yathA___caturtha bhaMga-AstinAsti ubhayarUpa hai| prathama kSaNameM svacatuSTaya dvitIyakSaNameM paracatuSTayakI kramika vivakSA honepara aura donoMpara sAmUhika dRSTi rahanepara ghaTa ubhayAtmaka hai / paJcama bhaMga-prathama kSaNameM svacatuSTaya, tathA dvitIya kSaNameM yugapat sva-paracatuSTaya rUpa avaktavyakI kramika vivakSA aura donoM samayoMpara sAmUhika dRSTi honepara ghaTa syAdastiavaktavya hai / ___chaThavA~ bhaMga-syAnnAsti avaktavya hai| prathama samaya meM paracatuSTaya, dvitIya, samayameM avaktavyakI kramika vivakSA honepara tathA donoM samayoMpara sAmUhika dRSTi honepara ghar3A syAnnAsti avaktavya hai| ____sAtavA~ bhaMga-syAdastinAsti avakyavya hai / prathama samayameM svacatuSTaya dvitIya samayameM paracatuSTaya tathA tRtIya samayameM yugapat svaparacatuSTayakI kramika vivakSA honepara aura tInoM samayoMpara sAmUhika dRSTi honepara ghar3A syAdastinAsti avaktavyarUpa siddha hotA hai| maiM yaha batA cukA hU~ ki cauthese sAtaveM takake bhaMgoMkI sRSTi saMyogaja hai, aura vaha saMbhava dharmoke apunarukta astitvako svIkRti detI hai| 'syAt' zabdake prayogakA niyama : pratyeka bhaMgameM svadharma mukhya hotA hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa hote.
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________________ saptabhaMgI 505 haiM / isI gauNa-mukhya vivakSAkA sUcana 'syAt' zabda karatA hai / vaktA aura zrotA yadi zabdazakti aura vastusvarUpake vivecanameM kuzala haiM to 'syAt' zabdake prayogakA koI niyama nahIM hai| usake binA prayogake bhI usakA sApekSa anekAntadyotana siddha ho jAtA hai| jaise'aham asmi' ina do padoMmeM ekakA prayoga hone para dUsarekA artha svataH gamyamAna ho jAtA hai, phira bhI spaSTatAke liye donoMkA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usI taraha 'syAt' padakA prayoga bhI spaSTatA aura abhrAntike liye karanA ucita hai / saMsArameM samajhadAroMkI apekSA kamasamajha yA nAsamajhoMkI saMkhyA ho ausata darje adhika rahatI AI hai| ataH sarvatra 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga karanA hI rAjamArga hai|| paramatakI apekSA bhaMga-yojanA : syAdasti avaktavya Adi tona bhaMga paramatakI apekSA isa taraha lagAye jAte hai / advaitavAdiyoMkA sanmAtra tattva asti hokara bhI avaktavya hai, kyoMki kevala sAmAnyame vacanoMkI pravRtti nahIM hotI / bauddhoMkA anyApoha nAstirUpa hokara bhI avaktavya hai, kyoMki zabdake dvArA mAtra anyakA apoha karanese kisI vidhirUpa vastukA bodha nahIM ho skegaa| vaizeSikake svatantra sAmAnya aura vizeSa asti-nAsti-sAmAnya-vizeSarUpa hokara bhI avaktavya hai-zabdake vAcya nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki donoMko svatantra mAnane para unameM sAmAnya-vizeSabhAva nahIM ho sktaa| sarvathA bhinna sAmAnya aura vizepameM zabdakI pravRtti nahIM hotI aura na unase koI arthakriyA ho ho sakatI hai| sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza : laghIyastrayameM sakalAdeza aura vikalAdezake sambandhameM likhA hai1. laghI0 zlo0 33 // 2. nyAyavinizcaya zlo0 454 / 3. aSTasahasrI pR0 139 /
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________________ 506 jainadarzana "upayogau zrutasya dvau syaadvaad-nysNjnyitau| syAdvAdaH sakalAdezo nayo vikalasaMkathA // 32 // " arthAt zrutajJAnake do upayoga hai-eka syAdvAda aura dUsarA naya / syAdvAda sakalAdezarUpa hotA hai aura naya vikalAdeza / sakalAdezako pramANa tathA vikalAdezako naya kahate haiN| ye sAtoM hI bhaMga jaba sakalAdezI hote haiM taba pramANa aura jaba vikalAdezI hote haiM taba naya kahe jAte haiN| isataraha saptabhaMgI bhI pramANasaptabhaMgI aura nayasaptabhaMgIke rUpameM vibhAjita ho jAtI hai| eka dharmake dvArA samasta vastuko akhaMDarUpase grahaNa karanevAlA sakalAdeza hai tathA usI dharmako pradhAna tathA zeSa dharmoko gauNa karanevAlA vikalAdeza hai / syAdvAda anekAntAtmaka arthako grahaNa karatA hai| jaise-'jIva' kahanese jJAna, darzana Adi asAdhAraNa guNavAle sattva, prameyatvAdi sAdhAraNa svabhAvavAle tathA amUrtatva, asaMkhyAtapradezitva Adi sAdhAraNAsAdhAraNadharmazAlI jIvakA samagrabhAvase grahaNa ho jAtA hai| isameM sabhI dharma ekarUpase gRhIta hote haiM, ataH gauNamukhyavyavasthA antarlIna ho jAtI hai' vikalAdezI naya eka dharmakA mukhyarUpase kathana karatA hai| jaise'jJo jIvaH' kahanese jIvake jJAnaguNakA mukhyatayA bodha hotA hai, zeSa dharmokA gauNarUpase usIke garbha meM pratibhAsa hotA hai / vikala arthAt eka dharmakA mukhyarUpase jJAna karAneke kAraNa hI yaha vAkya vikalAdeza yA naya kahA jAtA hai / vikalAdezI vAkyameM bhI 'syAt' padakA prayoga hotA hai jo zeSa dharmokI gauNatA arthAt unakA astitvamAtra sUcita karatA hai / isIlie 'syAt' padalAMchita naya samyaknaya kahalAtA hai| sakalAdezameM dharmIvAcaka zabdake sAtha evakAra lagatA hai / yathA-'syAjjIva eva' / ata eva yaha dharmIkA akhaMDabhAvase bodha karAtA hai, vikalAdezameM 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' isa taraha dharmavAcaka zabdake sAtha evakAra lagatA hai jo astitva dharmakA mukhyarUpase jJAna karAtA hai|
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________________ saptabhaMgI 507 akalaMkadevane tattvArthavArtika ( 442 ) meM donoMkA 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' yahI udAharaNa diyA hai| usakI sakalavikalAdezatA samajhAte hue unhoMne likhA hai ki jahA~ asti zabdake dvArA sArI vastu samagrabhAvase pakar3a lI jAya vaha sakalAdeza hai aura jahA~ astike dvArA astitva dharmakA mukhyarUpase tathA zeSa dharmokA gauNarUpase bhAna ho vaha vikalAdeza hai / yadyapi donoM vAkyoMme samagra vastu gRhIta hotI hai para sakalAdezameM samagra dharma yAnI pUrA dharmI ekabhAvase gRhIta hotA hai jaba ki vikalAdezameM eka hI dharma mukhyarUpase gRhIta hotA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna sahaja hI uTha sakatA hai ki 'jaba sakalAdezakA pratyeka bhaMga samagra vastukA grahaNa karatA hai taba sakalAdezake sAtoM bhaMgoMme paraspara kyA bheda huA ?' isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki-yadyapi sabhI dharmome pUrI vastu gRhIta hotI hai sahI, para syAdasti bhaMgameM vaha astitva dharmake dvArA gRhIta hotI hai aura nAstitva Adi bhaMgoMmeM nAstitva Adi dharmoke dvaaraa| unameM mukhya-gauNabhAva bhI itanA hI hai ki jahA~ asti zabdakA prayoga hai vahA~ mAtra 'asti' isa zAbdika prayogako hI mukhyatA hai, dharmakI nhiiN| zeSa dharmokI gauNatA bhI itanI hI hai ki unakA usa samaya zAbdika prayoga dvArA kathana nahIM huA hai| kAlAdiko dRSTise bhedAbheda kathana : prathama bhaMgameM dravyAthikake pradhAna honese 'asti' zabdakA prayoga haiM aura usI rUpase samasta vastukA grahaNa hai| dvitIya bhaMgameM paryAyAthikake pradhAna honese 'nAsti' zabdakA prayoga hai aura usI rUpase pUrI vastukA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaise-kisI caukora kAgajako hama kramazaH cAroM choroMko pakar3akara uThAveM to hara vAra uThegA to pUrA kAgaja, para uThAnekA DhaMga badalatA jAyagA, vaise hI sakalAdezake bhaMgoMmeM pratyekake dvArA grahaNa to pUrI hI vastukA hotA hai; para una bhaMgoMkA krama badalatA jAtA hai / vikalAdezameM vahI dharma mukhyarUpase gRhIta hotA hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa ho
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________________ 508 jainadarzana jAte haiM / jaba dravyAthikanayako vivakSA hotI hai taba samasta guNoMmeM abhedavRtti to svataH ho jAtI haiM, parantu paryAyAthikanayakI vivakSA hone para guNa aura dharmoM meM kAla Adiko dRSTise abhedopacAra karake samasta vastukA grahaNa kara liyA jAtA hai| kAla, AtmarUpa, artha, sambandha, upakAra, guNideza, saMsarga aura zabda ina ATha dRSTiyoMse guNAdimeM abhedakA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| jo kAla eka guNakA hai vahI anya azeSa guNoMkA hai, ataH kAlakI dRSTise unameM abhedakA upacAra ho jAtA hai / jo eka guNakA 'tadguNatva' svarUpa hai vahI zeSa samasta guNoMkA hai| jo AdhArabhUta artha eka guNakA hai vahI zeSa sabhI guNoMkA hai / jo kathaJcittAdAtmya sambandha eka guNakA hai vahI zeSa guNoMkA bhI hai / jo upakAra apane anukUla viziSTabuddhi utpanna karanA eka guNakA hai vahI upakAra anya zeSa guNoMkA hai / jo guNideza eka guNakA hai vahI anya zeSa guNoMkA hai| jo saMsarga eka guNakA hai vahI zeSa dharmokA bhI hai| jo zabda 'usa dravyakA guNa' eka guNake liye prayukta hotA hai vahI zeSa dharmoke liye prayukta hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki paryAyAthikako vivakSAmeM paraspara bhinna guNa aura paryAyoMmeM abhedakA upacAra karake akhaMDabhAvase samagra dravya gRhIta ho jAtA hai| vikalAdezameM dravyAthiMkanayakI vivakSA hone para bhedakA upacAra karake eka dharmakA mukhyabhAvase grahaNa hotA hai / paryAyAthikanayameM to bhedavRtti svataH hai ho / bhaMgoMmeM sakalavikalAdezatA : yaha saptabhaMgI sakalAdezake rUpameM pramANasaptabhaMgI kahI jAtI hai aura vikalAdezake rUpameM nayasaptabhaMgI nAma pAtI hai| nayasaptabhaMgo arthAt vikalAdezameM mukhya rUpase vivakSita dharma gRhIta hotA hai; zeSakA nirAkaraNa to nahIM hI hotA para grahaNa bhI nahIM hotA, jaba ki sakalAdezameM vivakSitadharmake dvArA zeSa dharmokA bhI grahaNa hotA hai / A0 siddhasenagaNi, abhayadeva sUri ( sanmati0 TI0 pR0 446 )
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________________ saptabhaMgI 509 Adine 'sat, asat aura avaktavya' ina tIna bhaMgoMko sakalAdezI tathA zeSa cAra bhaMgoMko vikalAdezI mAnA hai / inakA tAtparya yaha hai ki prathama bhaMgame dravyArthika dRSTi se 'sat' rUpase abheda mAnakara saMpUrNa dravyakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| dvitoya bhaMgame paryAyAthika dRSTi se samasta paryAyoMme abhedopacAra karake samasta dravyako grahaNa kara sakate hai / aura tRtIya avaktavya bhaMgame to sAmAntayA avivakSita bhedavAle dravyakA grahaNa hotA hai| ataH ina tInoMko sakalAdezI kahanA cAhiye / parantu caturtha Adi bhaMgome to do-do aMzavAlI tathA sAtaveM bhaMgame tona aMzavAlI vastuke grahaNa karate samaya dRSTike sAmane aMzakalpanA barAbara rahatI hai, ataH inhe vikalAdezI kahanA cAhiye / yadyapi 'syAt' pada honese zeSa dharmokA saMgraha iname bhI ho jAtA hai; para dharmabheda honese akhaMDa dharmI abhinnabhAvase gRhIta nahI ho pAtA, isaliye ye vikalAdeza hai| u0 yazovijayajIne jainatarka-bhASA aura gurutattvavinizcaya Adi apane granthoMme isa paramparAkA anusaraNa na karake sAtoM hI bhaMgoMko sakalAdezI aura vikalAdezI donoM rUpa mAnA hai| para aSTasahasrIvivaraNa (pR0 208 bI0 ) me ve tIna bhaMgoMko sakalAdezI aura zeSako vikalAdezI mAnanekA pakSa bhI svIkAra karate hai| ve likhate hai ki deza bhedake binA kramase sat, asat, ubhayako vivakSA ho nahIM sakatI, ataH niravayava dravyako viSaya karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, isaliye cAroM bhaMgoMko vikalAdezI mAnanA cAhiye / yaha matabheda koI mahattvakA nahIM hai; kAraNa jisa prakAra hama sattvamukhena samasta vastukA saMgraha kara sakate hai, usI taraha sattva aura asattva do dharmoke dvArA bhI akhaMDa vastukA sparza karaneme koI bAdhA pratIta nahIM hotii| yaha to vivakSAbheda aura dRSTibhedakI bAta hai| malayagiri AcAryake matakI mImAMsA : AcArya malayagiri ( Ava0 ni0 malaya0 TI0 pR0 371 e ) pramANavAkyameM hI 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga mAnate hai| unakA abhiprAya hai
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________________ 510 jainadarzana ki nayavAkyameM jaba 'syAt' padake dvArA zeSa dharmokA saMgraha ho jAtA hai to vaha samasta vastukA grAhaka honese pramANa hI ho jAyagA, naya nahIM raha sakatA, kyoMki naya to eka dharmakA grAhaka hotA hai| inake matase sabhI naya ekAntagrAhaka honese mithyArUpa hai| kintu unake isa matako u0 yazovijayajIne gurutatvavinizcaya (pR0 17 bI0 ) meM AlocanA kI hai| ve likhate hai ki "nayAntarasApekSa nayakA pramAName antarbhAva karane para vyavahAranayako pramANa mAnanA hogA, kyoki vaha nizcayakI apekSA rakhatA hai| isI taraha cAro nikSepoko viSaya karanevAle zabdanaya bhI bhAvaviSayaka zabdanayasApekSa honese pramANa ho jAyage / vAstavika bAta to yaha hai ki nayavAkyame 'syAt' pada pratipakSI nayake viSayakI sApekSatA hI upasthita karatA hai, na ki anya ananta dharmokA parAmarza karatA hai| yadi aisA na ho to anekAntame samyagekAntakA antarbhAva hI nahIM ho skegaa| samyagekAnta arthAt pratipakSI dharmakI apekSA rakhanevAlA ekAnta / isalie 'syAt' isa avyayako anekAntakA dyotaka mAnA hai na ki anantadharmakA parAmarza karanevAlA / ataH pramANavAkyame 'syAt' pada ananta dharmakA parAmarza karatA hai aura nayavAkyame pratipakSI dharmakI apekSAkA dyotana karatA hai / " pramAName tat aura atat donoM gRhIta hote hai aura 'syAt' padase usa anekAnta arthakA dyotana hotA hai| nayame eka dharmakA mukhyabhAvase grahaNa hokara bhI zeSa dharmokA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jaataa| unakA sadbhAva gauNarUpase svIkRta rahatA hai jaba ki durnayame anya dharmokA nirAkaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai| nayavAkyame 'syAt' pada pratipakSI zeSa dharmoke astitvakI rakSA karatA hai / durnayame apane dharmakA avadhAraNa hokara anyakA nirAkaraNa hI ho jAtA hai / anekAntame jo samyagekAnta samAtA hai vaha dharmAntarasApekSa dharmakA grAhaka hI to hotA hai ! yaha mai batA cukA hU~ ki Ajase tIna hajAra varSa pUrva tathA isase bhI pahale bhAratake manISI vizva aura tadantargata pratyeka padArthake svarUpakA
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________________ saptamaMgI 'sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya, eka aneka ubhaya aura anubhaya' Adi cAra koTiyoMmeM vibhAjita kara varNana karate the| jijJAsu bhI apane praznako inhIM cAra koTiyomeM pUchatA thaa| ma0 buddhase jaba tattvake sambandhameM vizeSataH AtmAke sambandhameM prazna kiye gaye, to unane use avyAkRta khaa| saMjaya ina praznoMke sambandhameM apanA ajJAna hI prakaTa karatA thaa| kintu bha0 mahAvIrane apane saptabhaMgI-yAyase ina cAra koTiyoMkA hI vaijJAnika samAdhAna nahIM kiyA, apitu adhika-se-adhika saMbhavita sAta koTiyoM takakA uttara diyA / ye uttara hI saptabhaMgI yA syAdvAda haiM / saMjayake vikSepavAdase syAdvAda nahIM nikalA' : mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana tathA itaH pUrva DaoN0 harbana jaikobI Adine syAdvAda yA saptabhaMgakI utpattiko saMjayavelaThiputtake matase vatAnekA prayatna kiyA hai| rAhulajIne darzanadigdarzanameM likhA hai ki"Adhunika jainadarzanakA AdhAra syAdvAda hai / jo mAlUma hotA hai saMjayavelaTTiputtake cAra aMgavAle anekAntavAdako lekara use sAta aMgavAlA kiyA gayA hai| saMjayane tattvoM (paraloka, devatA ) ke bAre meM kucha bhI nizcayAtmaka rUpase kahanese inakAra karate hue usa inakArako cAra prakAra kahA hai 1 hai ?' nahIM kaha sktaa| 2 'nahIM hai ?' nahIM kaha sktaa| 3 'he bhI aura nahIM bhI ?' nahIM kaha sktaa| 4 'na hai aura na nahIM hai ?' nahIM kaha sktaa| isakI tulanA kIjie jainoMke sAta prakArake syAdvAda se 1 'hai ?' ho sakatA hai ( syAdasti ), 2 'nahIM hai ?' nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai ( syAnnAsti ), 3 'hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ?' hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA ( syAdasti ca nAsti ca ) / 1. dekho, nyAyAvinizcaya vivaraNa prathamabhAgako prastAvanA /
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________________ 512 jainadarzana ukta tInoM uttara kyA kahe jA sakate haiM (-vaktavya haiM ) ? isakA uttara jaina 'nahIM' meM dete haiM 4 syAt (ho sakatA hai ) kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? nahIM, syAd a-vaktavya hai| 5 'syAdasti' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, syAdasti avaktavya hai| 6 'syAnnAsti' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, 'syAt nAsti' avaktavya hai| ___'syAdasti ca nAsti ca' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, 'syAdasti ca nAsti ca' a-vaktavya hai| donoMke milAnese mAlUma hogA ki jainoMne saMjayake pahale vAle tIna vAkyoM ( prazna aura uttara donoM) ko alaga karake apane syAdvAdako chaha bhaMgiyA~ banAyoM haiM aura usake cauthe vAkya 'na hai aura na nahIM hai' ko jor3akara syAtsadasat bhI avaktavya hai yaha sAtavAM bhaMga taiyAra kara apanI saptabhaMgI pUrI kii|.........."is prakAra eka bhI siddhAnta (-syAt ) kI sthApanA na karanA jo ki saMjayakA vAda thA, usIko saMjayake anuyAyiyoMke lupta ho jAnepara jainoMne apanA liyA aura usake caturbhaGgo nyAyako saptabhaMgImeM pariNata kara diyaa|"-drshndigdrshn pR0 466 / rAhulajIne ukta sandarbhameM saptabhaMgI aura syAdvAdake rahasyako na samajhakara kevala zabdasAmya dekhakara eka naye matakI sRSTi kI hai| yaha to aisA hI hai| jaise ki corase jaja yaha pUche ki-'kyA tumane yaha kArya kiyA hai ? cora kahe ki 'isase Apako kyA ?' yA 'maiM jAnatA hoU~, to kahU~ ?' phira jaja anya pramANoMse yaha siddha kara de ki 'corane yaha kArya kiyA hai taba zabdasAmya dekhakara yaha kahanA ki jajakA phaisalA corake bayAnase nikalA hai| saMjayavelaTThiputtake darzanakA vivecana svayaM rAhulajIne ( darzanadigdarzana 1. isake matakA vistRta varNana dIghanikAya sAmaJjaphalasuttameM hai| yaha vikSepaghAdI thaa| 'amarAvikSepavAda' rUpase bhI isakA mata prasiddha thaa|
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 513 pR0 461 meM ) ina zabdoMmeM kiyA hai-"yadi Apa pUche-'kyA paraloka hai ?' to yadi maiM samajhatA hoU~ ki paraloka hai to Apako batalAU~ ki paraloka hai| maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, dUsarI tarahase bhI nahIM kahatA / maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM hai, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM nahIM hai| paraloka nahIM hai, paraloka nahIM nahIM hai, paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai, paraloka na hai aura na nahIM hai|" . saMjayake paraloka, devatA, karmaphala aura muktike sambandhake ye vicAra zata-pratizata ajJAna yA anizcayavAdake hai / vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki "yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~, to btaauuN|" vaha saMzayAlu nahIM, ghora anizcayavAdI thaa| isaliye usakA darzana vakIla rAhulajIke "mAnavako sahajabuddhiko bhramameM nahIM DAlanA cAhatA aura na kucha nizcaya kara bhrAnta dhAraNAoMkI puSTi hI karanA cAhatA hai / " vaha AjJAnika thaa| buddha aura saMjayaH ___ma0 buddhane 1. loka nitya hai, 2. anitya hai, 3. nitya-anitya hai, 4. na nitya na anitya hai, 5. loka antavAn hai, 6. nahIM hai, 7. hai nahIM hai, 8. na hai na nahIM hai, 6. maraneke bAda tathAgata hote hai, 10. nahIM hote, 11. hote hai nahIM hote, 12. na hote hai na nahIM hote 13. jIva zarIrase bhinna hai, 14. jIva zarIrase bhinna nahIM hai|' ( mAdhyamikavRtti pR0 446) ina caudaha vastuoMko avyAkRta kahA hai| majjhimanikAya ( 2 / 23 ) meM inakI saMkhyA dasa hai / inameM Adike do praznoMme tIsarA aura cauthA vikalpa nahIM ginAyA hai| inake avyAkRta honekA kAraNa buddhane batAyA hai ki inake bAreme kahanA sArthaka nahIM, bhikSucaryAke liye upayogI nahIM, na yaha nirveda, nirodha, zAnti, paramajJAna yA nirvANake liye Avazyaka hai / ' tAtparya yaha ki buddhako dRSTimeM inakA jAnanA mumukSuke liye Avazyaka nahIM thaa| dUsare zabdoMmeM buddha bhI saMjayakI taraha inake bAreme kucha kahakara mAnavakI
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________________ 514 jainadarzana sahaja buddhiko bhramameM nahIM DAlanA cAhate the aura na bhrAntadhAraNAoMkI sRSTi hI karanA cAhate the / hA~, saMjaya jaba apanI ajJAnatA aura anizcaya ko sApha-sApha zabdoMmeM kaha detA hai ki 'yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~ to batAU~,' taba buddha apane jAnane na jAnanekA ullekha na karake usa rahasyako ziSyoMke liye anupayogI batAkara apanA pIchA chur3A lete hai| Aja taka yaha prazna tAkikoMke sAmane jyoM-kA-tyoM hai ki buddhakI avyAkRtatA aura saMjayake anizcayavAdameM kyA aMtara hai, khAsakara cittako nirNayabhUmimeM ? sivAya isake ki saMjaya phakkar3akI taraha pallA jhAr3akara kharI-kharI bAta kaha detA hai aura buddha kuzala bar3e AdamiyoMkI zAlInatAkA nirvAha karate haiN| __buddha aura saMjaya hI kyA, usa samayake vAtAvaraNameM prAtmA, loka, paraloka aura muktike svarUpake sambandhameM sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya yA avaktavya ye cAra koTiyAM gUMjatI thiiN| jisa prakAra AjakA rAjanaitika prazna 'majadUra aura mAlika, zoSya aura zoSakake' dvandvako chAyAmeM hI sAmane AtA hai, usI prakAra usa samayake AtmAdi atIndriya padArthaviSayaka prazna catuSkoTime hI pUche jAte the| veda aura upaniSadmeM isa catuSkoTike darzana barAbara hote haiM / 'yaha vizva satse huA yA asatse ? yaha sat hai yA asat yA ubhaya yA anirvacanoya' ye prazna jaba sahasroM varSase pracalita rahe haiM taba rAhulajIkA syAdvAdake viSayameM yaha phatavA de denA ki 'saMjayake praznoMke zabdoMse yA usakI caturbhaGgIko tor3a-maror3akara saptabhaMgI banI' kahA~ taka ucita hai, isakA ve svayaM vicAra kreN| buddhake samakAlIna jo anya pAMca tIthika the, unameM niggaMTha nAthaputta vardhamAna-mahAvIrako sarvajJa aura sarvadarzIke rUpameM prasiddhi thii| 've sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI the, yA nahIM yaha isa samayakI caracAkA viSaya nahIM hai, para ve viziSTa tattvavicAraka avazya the aura kisI bhI praznako saMjayako taraha anizcaya yA vikSepa koTimeM aura buddhakI taraha avyAkRta koTimeM
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 515 DAlanevAle nahIM the, aura na ziSyoMko sahaja jijJAsAko anupayogitAke bhayaprada cakkarameM DubA denA cAhate the| unakA vizvAsa thA ki saMghake paMcamela vyakti jaba taka vastutattvakA ThIka nirNaya nahIM kara lete, taba taka unameM bauddhika dRr3hatA aura mAnasabala nahIM A sktaa| ve sadA apane samAnazIla anya saMghake bhikSuoMke sAmane apanI bauddhika dInatAke kAraNa hataprabha raheMge aura isakA asara unake jIvana aura AcArapara Aye binA nahIM rhegaa| ve apane ziSyoMko pardebanda padminiyoMkI taraha jagatake svarUpa-vicArako bAhya havAse aparicita nahIM rakhanA cAhate the| kintu cAhate the ki pratyeka mAnava apanI sahaja jijJAsA aura manana zaktiko vastuke yathArtha svarUpake vicArako ora lagAve / na unheM buddhakI taraha yaha bhaya vyApta thA ki yadi AtmAke sambandhameM 'hA~' kahate hai to zAzvatavAda arthAt upaniSadvAdiyoMkI taraha loga nityatvakI ora jhuka jAyeMge aura 'nahIM hai' kahane se ucchedavAda arthAt cArvAkakI taraha nAstikatAkA prasaMga upasthita hogA, ataH isa praznako avyAkRta rakhanA hI zreSTha hai / ve cAhate the ki maujUdA tarko aura saMzayoMkA samAdhAna vastusthitike AdhArase honA hI cAhiye / ataH unhoMne vastusvarUpakA anubhava kara batAyA ki jagatkA pratyeka sat ananta dharmAtmaka hai aura pratikSaNa pariNAmI hai| hamArA jJAnalava (dRSTi) ume eka-eka aMzase jAnakara bhI apane meM pUrNatAkA mithyAbhimAna kara baiThatA hai| ataH hameM sAvadhAnIse vastuke virAT anekAntAtmaka svarUpakA vicAra karanA cAhiye / anekAnta dRSTise tattvakA vicAra karanepara na to zAzvatavAdakA bhaya hai aura na ucchedvaadkaa| paryAyakI dRSTise AtmA ucchinna hokara bhI apanI anAdyanta dhArAko dRSTise avicchinna hai, zAzvata hai| isI dRSTise hama lokake zAzvata-azAzvata Adi praznoMko bhI dekheN| (1) kyA loka zAzvata hai ? hA~, loka zAzvata hai-dravyoMkI saMkhyAko dRssttise| isameM jitane sat anAdise hai, unameM se eka bhI sat
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________________ 516 jainadarzana kama nahIM ho sakatA aura na usameM kisI naye 'sat' kI vRddhi hI ho sakatI hai, na eka sat dUsaremeM vilIna hI ho sakatA hai| kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA, jaba isake aMgabhUta eka bhI dravyakA lopa ho jAya yA saba samApta ho jAya / nirvANa avasthAmeM bhI AtmAkI nirAsrava citsantati apane zuddharUpameM barAbara cAlU rahatI hai, dopako taraha bujha nahIM jAtI, yAnI samUla samApta nahIM ho jaatii| (2) kyA loka azAzvata hai ? hA~, loka azAzvata hai dravyoMke pratikSaNabhAvI pariNamanoMkI dRSTise / pratyeka sat pratikSaNa apane utpAda, vinAza aura dhrauvyAtmaka pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana karatA rahatA hai| koI bhI paryAya do kSaNa nahIM ThaharatI / jo hameM aneka kSaNa ThaharanevAlA pariNamana dikhAI detA hai vaha pratikSaNabhAvI aneka sadRza pariNamanoMkA avalokana mAtra hai| isa taraha satata parivartanazIla saMyoga-viyogoMkI dRSTise vicAra kIjie, to loka azAzvata hai, anitya hai, pratikSaNa parivartita hai / ( 3 ) kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM rUpa hai ? hA~, kramazaH uparyukta donoM dRSTiyoMse vicAra karane para loka zAzvata bhI hai ( dravyadRSTise ) aura azAzvata bhI hai ( paryAyadRSTise ), donoM dRSTikoNoMko kramazaH prayukta karanepara aura una donoMpara sthUla dRSTise vicAra karane para jagata ubhayarUpa bhI pratibhAsita hotA hai| (4) kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoMrUpa nahIM hai ? Akhira usakA pUrNa rUpa kyA hai ? hA~, lokakA pUrNa rUpa vacanoMke agocara hai, avaktavya hai| koI aisA zabda nahIM, jo ekasAtha lokake zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM svarUpoMko tathA usameM vidyamAna anya ananta dharmoko bugapat kaha ske| ataH zabdakI asAmarthyake kAraNa jagatakA pUrNa rUpa avaktavya hai, anubhaya hai, vacanAtIta hai| isa nirUpaNameM Apa dekheMge ki vastukA pUrNarUpa vacanoMke agocara hai,
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 517 avaktavya hai / cauthA uttara vastuke pUrNa rUpako yugapat na kaha sakanekI dRSTise hai / para vahI jagata zAzvata kahA jAtA hai dravyadRSTise aura azAzvata kahA jAtA hai paryAyadRSTise / isa taraha mUlataH cauthA, pahalA aura dUsarA ye tIna prazna maulika hai / tIsarA ubhayarUpatAkA prazna to prathama aura dvitIyakA saMyogarUpa hai / aba Apa vicAreM ki jaba saMjayane lokake zAzvata aura azAzvata Adike bAreme spaSTa kahA hai ki 'yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~, to batAU~' aura buddhane kaha diyA ki 'inake cakkara meM na par3o, inakA jAnanA upayogI nahI hai, ye avyAkRta hai' taba mahAvIrane una praznoMkA vastusthiti ke anusAra yathArtha uttara diyA aura ziSyoMkI jijJAsAkA samAdhAna kara unako bauddhika donatAse trANa diyA / ina praznoMkA svarUpa isa prakAra hai prazna saMjaya 1. kyA loka maiM jAnatA hoU~, to batAU~ ? zAzvata hai ? 2. kyA loka azAzvata hai ? ( anizcaya, ajJAna ) 11 buddha inakA jAnanA anupayogI hai, ( avyAkaraNIya, akathanIya ) 11 mahAvIra hA~, loka dravyadRSTisezAzvata hai / isake kisI bhI satkA sarvathA nAza nahIM ho sakatA, na kisI asatse naye satkA utpAda hI saMbhava hai / hA~, loka apane pratikSaNabhAvI pariNamanoMkI dRSTise azAzvata hai / koI bhI paryAya do kSaNa ThaharanevAlI nahIM he /
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________________ 518 jainadarzana 3. kyA loka , hA~, loka donoM dRSTiyoMzAzvata se kramazaH vicAra karane aura para zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata hai ? azAzvata bhI hai| 4 kyA loka maiM jAnatA avyAkRta hA~, aisA koI zabda donoMrUpa hoU~, to.. ." nahIM, jo lokake parinahIM hai, batAU~ pUrNa svarUpako eka anubhaya (ajAna, anizcaya) sAtha samagrabhAvase kaha sake, ataH pUrNa rUpase vastu anubhaya hai, ava ktavya hai| saMjaya aura buddha jina praznoMkA samAdhAna nahIM karate, unheM anizcaya yA avyAkRta kahakara unase piMDa chur3A lete haiM; mahAvIra unhIMkA vAstavika aura yuktisaMgata' samAdhAna karate haiM / isa para bhI rAhulajI yaha kahanekA sAhasa karate haiM ki 'saMjayake anuyAyiyoMke lupta ho jAne para saMjayake bAdako hI jainiyoMne apanA liyaa|' yaha to aisA hI hai, jaise koI kahe ki 'bhAratameM rahI parataMtratAko parataMtratA-vidhAyaka aMgrejoMke cale jAnepara bhAratIyoMne use aparataMtratA (svataMtratA) ke rUpameM apanA liyA; kyoMki aparataMtratAmeM bhI 'pa ra tantra tA' ye pA~ca akSara to maujUda haiM ho|' yA 'hiMsAko hI buddha aura mahAvIrane usake anuyAyiyoMke lupta hone para 'ahiMsAke rUpase apanA liyA hai; kyoMki ahiMsAmeM bhI "hiM sA' ye do akSara hai hii|' jitanA paratantratAkA ki aparatantrAtAse aura hiMsAkA ahiMsAse bheda hai utanA hI saMjayake anizcaya 1. buddhake avyAkRta praznoMkA pUrA samAdhAna tathA unake Agamika avataraNoMke liye dekho, jainatarkavAtikakI prastAvanA pR0 14-24 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 519 yA ajJAnavAdase syAdvAdakA antara hai / ye to tIna aura chaha (36) kI taraha paraspara vimukha hai / syAdvAda saMjayake ajJAna aura anizcayakA ho to uccheda karatA hai / sAtha-hI-sAtha tattvameM jo viparyaya aura saMzaya hai| unakA bhI samUla nAza kara detA hai / yaha dekhakara to aura bho Azcarya hotA hai ki Apa (pR0 484 meM ) anizcitatAvAdiyoMkI sUcImeM saMjayake sAtha niggaMThanAthaputta ( mahAvIra ) kA nAma bhI likha jAte hai tathA ( pR0 461 meM ) saMjayako anekAntavAdI bhii| kyA ise dharmakItike zabdoMmeM 'dhig vyApakaM tamaH' nahIM kaha sakate ? 'syAt' kA artha zAyada, saMbhava yA kadAcit nahIM: _'syAt' zabdake prayogase sAdhAraNatayA logoMko saMzaya, anizcaya aura saMbhAvanAkA bhrama hotA hai| para yaha to bhASAko purAno zailI hai usa prasaMgako, jahA~ eka vAdakA sthApana nahIM kiyA jAtA / ekAdhika bheda yA vikalpako sUcanA jahA~ karanI hotI hai vahA~ "siyA' ( syAt ) padakA prayoga bhASAkI viziSTa zailIkA eka rUpa rahA hai / jaisA ki majjhimanikAyake mahArAhulovAdasuttake avataraNase vidita hotA hai| isameM tejodhAtuke dono sunizcita bhedoMkI sUcanA 'siyA' zabda detA hai, na ki una bhedoMkA anizcaya, maMzaya yA sambhAvanA vyakta karatA hai / isI taraha 'syAdasti' ke sAtha lagA huA 'syAt' zabda 'asti' kI sthitiko nizcita apekSAse dRr3ha to karatA hI hai, sAtha-hI-sAtha astise bhinna aura bhI aneka dharma vastumeM hai, para ve vivakSita na honese isa samaya gauNa hai, isa sApekSa sthitiko bhI batAtA hai| ___rAhulajIne 'darzanadigdarzana' meM saptabhaMgIke pAMcaveM,chaThe aura sAtaveM bhaMgako jisa azobhana tarIkese tor3A-maror3A hai vaha unakI apanI nirI kalpanA aura sAhasa hai / jaba ve darzanako vyApaka, naI aura vaijJAnika dRSTise dekhanA 1. dekho, pR0 53 /
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________________ 520 jainadarzana cAhate haiM to kisI bhI darzanakI samIkSA usake ThIka svarUpako samajhakara karanI cAhiye / ve 'avaktavya' nAmaka dharmako, jo ki 'asti' Adike sAtha svatantra bhAvase dvisaMyogo huA hai, tor3akara a-vaktavya karake usakA saMjayake 'nahIM' ke sAtha mela baiThA dete haiM aura 'saMjayake ghora anizcayavAdako hI anekAntavAda kaha DAlate haiM ! kimAzcamaryamataH param !! DaoN0 sampUrNAnandakA mata : DaoN0 sampUrNAnandajo 'jainadharma' pustakako prastAvanA (pR03 ) meM anekAntavAdako grAhyatA svIkAra karake bhI saptabhaMgo nyAyako bAlakI khAla nikAlaneke samAna AvazyakatAse adhika bArIkImeM jAnA samajhate haiN| para saptabhaMgIko Ajase aDhAI hajAra varSa pahaleke vAtAvaraNameM dekhanepara ve svayaM use samayakI mAMga kahe binA nahIM raha skte| usa samaya AbAla-gopAla pratyeka praznako sahaja hI 'sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya' isa cAra koTiyoMmeM gUMthakara hI upasthita karate the aura usa samayake AcArya uttara bhI usa catuSkoTikA 'hA~' yA 'nA' meM dete the| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane mUla tIna bhaMgoMke gaNitake niyamAnusAra adhika-se-adhika apunarukta sAta bhaMga banAkara kahA ki vastu anekAntAtmaka hai-usameM cAra vikalpa bhI barAbara sambhava haiN| 'avaktavya, sat aura asat ina tIna mUladharmoke sAta bhaMga ho ho sakate hai| ina saba sambhava praznoMkA samAdhAna karanA hI saptabhaMgIkA prayojana hai| yaha to jaise-ko-taisA uttara hai / arthAt cAra prazna to kyA sAta praznoMkI bhI kalpanA karake eka-eka dharmaviSayaka 1. jaina kathAgranthoMmeM mahAvIrake bAlajIvanakI eka ghaTanAkA varNana milatA hai ki saMjaya aura vijaya nAmake do sAdhuoMkA saMzaya mahAvIrako dekhate hI naSTa ho gayA thA, isIlie inakA nAma 'sanmati' rakhA gayA thA / sambhava hai, ye saMjaya, saMjayavelaTThiputta hI hoM aura inhIMke saMzaya yA anizcayakA nAza mahAvIrake saptabhaMgInyAyase huA ho| yahA~ 'velaTThiputta' vizeNa apabhraSTa hokara vijaya nAmakA dUsarA sAdhu bana gayA hai|
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 521 saptabhaMgI banAI jA sakatI hai aura aise ananta maptabhaMga vastuke virATa svarUpame saMbhava hai| yaha saba nirUpaNa vastusthitike AdhArame kiyA jAtA hai, kevala kalpanAse nhiiN| jainadarzanane darzanazabdakI kAlpanika bhUmime Upara uThakara vasnumImApara khar3e hokara jaganme vastusthitike AdhArase mavAda, mamIkaraNa aura yathArtha tattvajJAnakI anekAnta-dRSTi aura syAdvAda-bhASA dii| jinakI upAsanAse vizva apane vAstavika svarUpako mamajha nirarthaka vAdavivAdame bacakara mavAdI bana sakatA hai| zaGkarAcArya aura syAdvAda : vAdagayaNane brahmamUtra me mAmAnyarUpame 'anekAnta' nanvame dUSaNa diyA hai ki ekavastume anekadharma nahI ho skte| zrIgaGkarAcAryajI apane bhASyame ise vivamanamamaya ( digambara siddhAnta ) likhakara isake maptabhaMgo nayame mUtranirdiSTa virodhake sivAya maMzaya doSa bhI dete hai| ve likhate hai ki "eka vastume paramparavirodhI aneka dharma nahIM ho sakate, jaise ki eka hI vastu zIta aura uSNa nahI ho sktii| jo mAta padArtha yA paMcAstikAya batAye hai, unakA varNana jima rUpame hai, ve umarUpame bhI hoge aura anyarUpame bhii| yAnI eka bhI mpase unakA nizcaya nahI honeme maMgayadUSaNa AtA hai| pramAtA, pramiti Adike svarUpame bhI isI taraha nizcayAtmakatA na honeme tIrthakara kise upadeza dege aura zrotA kaise pravRtti kareMge ? pAca astikAyokI 'pA~ca saMkhyA' hai bhI aura nahI bhI, yaha to baDI vicitra bAta hai| eka tarapha avaktavya bhI kahate hai, phira use avaktavya zabdame kahate bhI jAte haiN|' yaha to spaSTa virodha hai ki'svarga aura mokSa hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhii|' 1. 'nakasminnasabhavAt |'-brhmmuu0 2 / 33 / 2. zAMkarabhASya -33 /
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________________ 522 jainadarzana tAtparya yaha ki eka vastumeM paraspara virodhI do dharmokA honA sambhava hI nahIM hai / ataH ArhatamatakA 'syAdvAda' siddhAnta asaMgata hai|' hama pahale likha Aye hai ki 'syAt' zabda jisa dharmake sAtha lagatA hai usako sthiti kamajora nahIM karake vastumeM rahanevAle tatpratipakSI dharmakI sUcanA detA hai / vastu anekAntarUpa hai, yaha samajhAnekI bAta nahIM hai / usameM sAdhAraNa, asAdhAraNa aura sAdhAraNAsAdhAraNa Adi aneka dharma pAye jAte haiM / eka hI padArtha apekSAbhedase parasparavirodhI aneka dharmoMkA AdhAra hotA hai / eka hI devadatta apekSAbhedase pitA bhI hai, putra bhI hai, guru bhI hai ziSya bhI hai, zAsaka bhI hai zAsya bhI hai, jyeSTha bhI hai, kaniSTha bhI hai, dUna bhI hai, aura pAsa bhI hai| isa taraha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adi vibhina apekSAoMse umameM ananta dharma sambhava hai| kevala yaha kaha denese ki 'jaM pitA hai vaha putra kaisA ? jo guru hai vaha ziSya kaisA ? jo jyeSTa hai va kaniSTha kaisA? jo dUra hai vaha pAma kaisA, pratItisiddha svarUpakA apalA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| eka hI mecakaratna apane aneka raMgoMkI apekSa aneka hai| citrajJAna eka hokara bhI aneka AkAravAlA prasiddha hI hai eka hI strI apekSAbhedase mAtA bhI hai aura patnI bhii| eka hI pRthivaM tvasAmAnya pRthivIvyaktiyoMme anugata honeke kAraNa mAmAnya hokara / jalAdise vyAvRtti karAtA hai| ataH vizeSa bhI hai| isIliye isa sAmAnyavizeSa yA aparasAmAnya kahate hai| svayaM saMzayajJAna eka hokara ' 'saMzaya aura nizcaya' ina do AkAroMko dhAraNa karatA hai / 'saMzaya parasa virodho do AkAroMvAlA hai| yaha bAta to sunizcita hai, isameM to sandeha nahIM hai / eka hI narasiMha eka bhAgase nara hokara bhI dvitIya bhAga apekSA siMha hai| eka hI dhUpadahanI agnise saMyukta bhAgameM uSNa ho bho pakar3anevAle bhAgame ThaMDI hai / hamArA samasta jIvana-vyavahAra hI sA dharmose calatA hai| koI pitA apane beTese 'beTA' kahe aura vaha beTA, apane lar3akekA bApa hai, apane pitAse isaliye jhagar3a par3e ki 'vaha use :
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________________ 523 syAdvAda-mImAMsA kyoM kahatA hai ?' to hama usa beTeko ho pAgala kaheMge, bApako nahIM / ataH jaba ye parasparavirodhI anantadharma vastuke virApameM samAye hue hai, usake astitvake AdhAra hai, taba virodha kaisA? sAta tattvakA jo svarUpa hai, usa svarUpase hI to unakA astitva hai, bhinna svarUpase to unakA nAstitva hI hai / yadi jisa rUpase astitva kahA jAtA hai usI rUpase nAstitva kahA jAtA, to virodha yA asaMgati hotii| strI jisakI patnI hai, yadi usIkI mAtA kahI jAya, to ho lar3AI ho sakatI hai| brahmakA jo svarUpa nitya, eka aura vyApaka batAyA jAtA hai usI rUpase to brahmakA astitva mAnA jA sakatA hai, anitya, avyApaka aura anekake rUpame to nhiiN| hama pUchate haiM ki jisaprakAra brahma nityAdirUpase asti hai, kyA usI taraha anityAdirUpase bhI usakA astitva hai kyA ? yadi hA~, to Apa svayaM dekhiye, brahmakA svarUpa kisI anunmattake samajhane lAyaka raha jAtA hai kyA ? yadi nahIM; to brahma jimaprakAra nityAdirUpase 'mat' aura anityAdirUpase 'amat' hai, aura isa taraha anekadharmAtmaka siddha hotA hai usI taraha jagatake samasta padArtha isa trikAlAbAdhita svarUpame vyApta hai| pramAtA aura pramiti Adike jo svarUpa hai, unakI dRSTise hI to unakA astitva hogA, anya svarUpoMse kaise ho makatA hai ? anyathA svarUpasAMkarya honese jagatakI vyavasthAkA lopa hI prApta hotA hai| paMcAstikAyakI pAMca saMkhyA hai, cAra yA tIna nahIM', isameM kyA virodha hai ? yadi yaha kahA jAtA ki 'paMcAstikAya pA~ca hai aura pAMca nahIM hai' to virodha hotA, para apekSAbhedase to paMcAstikAya pA~ca haiM, cAra Adi nahIM hai / phira pAMcoM astikAya astikAyatvena eka hokara bhI tattadvyaktiyoMkI dRSTi se pAMca bhI haiN| sAmAnyase eka bhI hai aura vizeSa rUpase pAMca bhI hai, isameM kyA virodha hai ? svarga aura mokSa apane svarUpakI dRSTi se 'hai', narakAdikI dRSTise
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________________ 524 jainadarzana 'nahI'; isame kyA Apatti hai ? 'svarga svarga hai, naraka to nahI hai', yaha to Apa bhI mAneMge / 'mokSa mokSa hI to hogA, saMsAra to nahIM hogaa|' ____ avaktavya bhI eka dharma hai, jo vastuke pUrNarUpakI apekSAse hai / koI aimA zabda nahI, jo vastu ke anekadharmAtmaka akhaMDa rUpakA varNana kara sake / ata. vaha avaktavya hokara bhI tattaddharmokI apekSA vaktavya hai aura usa avaktavya dharmako bhI isIliye 'avaktavya' zabdase kahate bhI hai / 'syAt' pada isIliye pratyeka vAkyake sAtha lagakara vaktA aura zrotA donokI vastuke vigaTa svarUpa aura vivakSA yA apekSAkI yAda dilAtA rahatA hai, jisase loga maramarI taura para vastu ke svarUpake mAtha vilabADa na kare / 'pratyeka vastu apane svarUpame hai, apane kSetrame hai, apane kAlase hai aura apanI gaNaparyAyome hai, bhinna rUpome nahI hai' yaha eka mIdho-mAdhI bAta hai, jise AbAla-gopAla mabhI sahaja hI samajha makate hai| yadi eka hI apekSAme do virodhI dharma batAye jAte, to virodha ho sakatA thaa| eka hI devadatta jaba javAnIme apane bAla-caritokA smaraNa karatA hai to maname lajjita hotA hai, para vartamAna sadAcArase prasanna hotA hai / yadi devadattako bAlapana aura javAnI do avasthAeM nahI huI hotI aura dono avasthAprome devadattakA anvaya na hotA, to use bacapanakA smaraNa kaise AtA ? aura kyo vaha usa bAlacaritako apanA mAnakara lajjita hotA? isase devadatta Atmatvena eka aura nitya hokara bhI apanI avasthAokI dRSTise aneka aura anitya bhI hai / yaha saba rasmIme maoNpakI taraha kevala prAtibhAmika nahI hai, kintu paramArthamat hai, Thoma matya hai / jaba vastukA mvarUpame 'asti' rUpa bhI nizcita hai, aura param pase 'nAsti' rUpa bhI nizcita hai taba saMzaya kaise ho sakatA hai ? sazaya to, dono koTiyoke anizcayakI dazAme jJAna jaba dono ora jha latA hai, taba hotA hai| ata. na to anekAnnasvarUpame virodha hI ho sakatA hai aura na maMzaya hii| zve0 upaniSadke "aNoraNIyAna mahato mahIyAn" (3 / 20)
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 525 "kSaramakSaraM ca vyaktAnyaktaM" (128) AdivAkyokI saMgati bhI to Akhira apekSAbhedake binA nahI baiThAI jA sktii| svayaM zaMkarAcAryajI ke dvArA samanvayAdhikaraName jina zrutiyokA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI to apekSAbhedase hI saMbhava ho sakA hai| sva0 mahAmahopAdhyAya DaoN0 gaMgAnAtha jhAne isa sambandhame apanI vicArapUrNa sammatime likhA thA ki "jabase mane zaMkarAcArya dvArA jaina middhAntakA khaMDana paDhA hai, tabase mujhe vizvAsa huA hai ki isa siddhAntame bahuta kucha hai jise vedAntake AcAryone nahI smjhaa|" hindU vizvavidyAlayake darzanazAstrake bhUtapUrva pradhAnAdhyakSa sva0 pro0 phaNibhUSaNa adhikArIne to aura bhI spaSTa likhA thA ki "jainadharmake syAhAda siddhAntako jitanA galata samajhA gayA hai utanA kisI anya siddhAntako nhiiN| yahA~ taka ki zaMkarAcArya bhI isa doSase mukta nahI hai| unhoMne bhI isa siddhAntake prati anyAya kiyA hai, yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoke lie kSamya ho makatI thii| kintu yadi mujhe kahanekA adhikAra hai to mai bhAratake isa mahAn vidvAnke lie to akSamya hI khuuNgaa| yadyapi mai isa maharSiko atIva AdarakI dRSTime dekhatA hai| aimA jAna paDatA hai ki unhone ima dharmake mala granthoke adhyayanako paravAha nahIM kii|" anekAnta bhI anekAnta hai : anekAnta bhI pramANa aura nayakI dRSTise anekAnta arthAt kathaJcit anekAnta aura kathaJcit ekAntampa hai| vaha pramANakA viSaya honese anekAntarUpa hai / anekAnta do prakArakA hai-mamyaganekAnta aura mithyA anekAnta / parasparamApekSa aneka dharmokA makala bhAvase grahaNa karanA mamyaganekAnta hai aura paraspara nirapekSa aneka dharmokA grahaNa mithyA anekAnta hai / anyamApekSa eka dharmakA grahaNa samyagekAnta hai tathA anya dharmakA niSedha karake ekakA avadhAraNa karanA mithryakAnta hai / vastume samyagekAnta
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________________ 526 jainadarzana aura samyaganekAnta hI mila sakate hai, mithyA anekAnta aura mithyakAnta jo pramANAbhAsa aura durnayake viSaya par3ate hai nahIM, ve kevala buddhigata hI hai, vaisI vastu bAhya meM sthita nahIM hai / ataH ekAntakA niSedha buddhikalpita ekAntakA hI kiyA jAtA hai / vastumeM jo eka dharma hai vaha svabhAvataH parasApekSa honeke kAraNa samyagekAnta rUpa hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki anekAnta arthAt sakalAdezakA viSaya pramANAdhIna hotA hai, aura vaha ekAntako arthat nayAdhIna vikalAdezake viSayakI apekSA rakhatA hai| yahI bAta svAmI samantabhadrane apane bRhatsvayambhUstrotrameM kahI hai "anekAnto'pyanekAntaHpramANa-nayasAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANAtte tadekAnto'rpitAnayAt / / 102 // " arthAt pramANa aura nayakA viSaya honese anekAnta yAnI aneka dharmavAlA padArtha bhI anekAntarUpa hai / vaha jaba pramANake dvArA samagrabhAvase gRhIta hotA hai tava vaha anekAnta-anekadharmAtmaka hai aura jaba kisI vivakSita nayakA viSaya hotA hai taba ekAnta ekadharmarUpa hai, usa samaya zeSa dharma padArthameM vidyamAna rahakara bhI dRSTike sAmane nahIM hote| isa taraha padArthakI sthiti hara hAlatameM anekAntarUpa hI siddha hotI hai| pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAyake matakI AlocanA : ___ pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAyane apane bhAratIyadarzana ( pR0 155 ) meM syAdvAdakA artha batAte hue likhA hai ki "syAt ( zAyada, sambhavataH ) zabda am dhAtuke vidhiliGke rUpakA tiGanta pratirUpaka avyaya mAnA jAtA hai / ghar3eke viSayame hamArA mata syAdasti-sambhavataH yaha vidyamAna hai' isI rUpameM honA caahie|" yahA~ upAdhyAyajo 'syAt' zabdako zAyadakA paryAyavAcI to nahIM mAnanA cAhate, isaliye ve zAyada zabdako koSThakameM likhakara bhI Age 'sambhavataH' arthakA samarthana karate haiN| vaidika AcArya svAmI zaMkarAcAryane jo syAdvAdako galata bayAnI kI hai usakA saMskAra
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 527 . Aja bhI kucha vidvAnoMke mastiSkapara par3A huA hai aura ve usI saMskAravaza 'syAt' kA artha 'zAyada' karanemeM nahIM cuukte| jaba yaha spaSTa rUpase avadhAraNa karake nizcayAtmaka rUpase kahA jAtA hai ki 'ghar3A apane svarUpase 'syAdasti' - hai hI, ghar3A svabhinna pararUpase syAnnAsti'- nahIM hI haiM', taba zAyada yA saMzayakI guJjAiza kahA~ hai ? 'syAt' zabda to zrotAko yaha sUcanA detA hai ki jisa 'asti' dharmakA pratipAdana ho rahA hai vaha dharma sApekSa sthititivAlA hai, amuka svacatuSTayakI apekSAse usakA sadbhAva hai / 'syAt' zabda yaha batAtA hai ki vastumeM astise bhinna anya dharma bhI sattA rakhate haiM / jaba ki saMzaya aura zAyadameM eka bhI dharma nizcata nahIM hotA / anekAnta - siddhAntameM aneka hI dharma nizcita hai aura unake dRSTikoNa bhI nirdhArita hai / Azcarya hai ki apaneko taTastha mAnanevAle vidvAn Aja bhI usI saMzaya aura zAyadakI paramparAko calAye jAte haiM ! rUDhivAdakA mahAtmya agamya hai ! isI saMskAravaza upAdhyAyajI 'syAt' ke paryAyavAciyoM meM 'zAyada' zabdako likhakara ( pR0 173 ) jaina darzanako samIkSA karate samaya zaMkarAcAryakI vakAlata ina zabdoMmeM karate hai - "yaha nizcita hI hai ki isI samanvaya dRSTi se vaha padArthoMke vibhinna rUpoMkA samIkaraNa karatA jAtA to samagra vizva meM anusyUta parama tattva taka avazya pahu~ca jaataa| isI dRSTiko dhyAna meM rakhakara zaMkarAcAryane isa syAdvAdakA mArmika khaNDana apane zArIrika bhASya ( 2|2|33 ) meM prabala yuktiyoMke sahAre kiyA hai" para, upAdhyAyajI, jaba zrApa 'syAt' kA artha nizcitarUpase 'saMzaya' nahIM mAnate, taba zaMkarAcAryake khaNDanakA mArmikatva kyA raha jAtA hai ? jainadarzana syAdvAda siddhAnta ke anusAra vastusthiti ke AdhAra se samanvaya karatA hai / jo dharma vastumeM vidyamAna haiM unhIMkA to 'samanvaya ho sakatA hai / jainadarzanako Apane vAstava - bahutvavAdI likhA hai / aneka svatantra cetana, acetana sat-vyavahArake liye sadrUpase 'eka' bhale hI kahe jAyeM, para vaha
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________________ 528 jainadarzana kAlpanika ekatva maulika vastukI saMjJA nahIM pA sakatA / yaha kaise saMbhava hai ki cetana aura acetana donoM hI eka sat ke prAtibhAsika vivarta hoM / jisa kAlpanika samanvayakI ora upAdhyAyajIne saMketa kiyA hai; usa ora jaina dArzanikoMne prAraMbhame hI dRSTipAta kiyA hai| paramasaMgrahanayakI dRSTime sadrUpase yAvat cetana-acetana dravyoMkA saMgraha karake 'ekasat' isa zabdavyavahArake karaneme jaina dArzanikoMko koI Apatti nahIM hai / para yaha ekatva vastusiddha bhedakA apalApa nahIM kara sakatA / maikar3oM Aropita aura kAlpanika vyavahAra hote hai, para unase maulika tattva - vyavasthA nahIM kI jA sakatI / 'eka deza yA eka rASTra' apanemeM kyA vastu hai ? bhUkhaMDoMkA apanAapanA judA astitva honepara bhI buddhigata sImAkI apekSA rASTroMkI sImAe~ banatI bigar3atI rahatI hai / usame vyavahArakI suvidhA ke liye prAnta, jilA Adi saMjJAe~ jaise kAlpanika hai-- mAtra vyavahAramatya hai, usI taraha eka sat yA eka brahma kAlpanika sat hokara mAtra vyavahArasatya hI bana sakatA hai aura kalpanAkI daur3akA caramabindu bhI ho sakatA hai, para usakA tattvasat yA paramArthamat honA nitAnta asaMbhava hai; Aja vijJAna eTama takakA vizleSaNa kara cukA hai / ataH itanA bar3A abheda, jisameM cetana-acetana, mUrta-amUrta Adi sabhI lIna ho jA~ya, kalpanAsAmrAjyako carama koTi hai / aura isa kalpanAkoTiko paramArthasat na mAnaneke kAraNa jainadarzanakA syAdvAda - siddhAnta yadi Apako mUlabhUta tattvake svarUpa mamajhaneme nitAnta asamartha pratIta hotA hai, to ho, para vaha vastuko sImAkA ullaMghana nahIM kara makatA aura na kalpanAlokakI lambI daur3a hI lagA sakatA hai / 'syAt' zabdako upAdhyAyajI saMzayakA paryAyavAcI nahIM mAnate, yaha to prAyaH nizcita hai; kyoMki Apa svayaM likhate hai ( pR0 173) ki "yaha anekAntavAda saMzayavAdakA rUpAntara nahIM hai" / para Apa use maMbhavavAda avazya kahanA cAhate hai / parantu 'syAt ' kA artha 'saMbhavataH ' karanA bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai; kyoMki saMbhAvanA, saMzayagata ubhayakoTiyoM
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 529 meM se kisI ekakI ardhanizcitatAkI ora saMketa mAtra hai, nizcaya usase bilakula bhinna hotA hai| syAdvAdako saMzaya aura nizcayake madhyameM saMbhAvanAvAdako jagaha rakhanekA artha hai ki vaha eka prakArakA anadhyavasAya hI hai / parantu jaba syAdvAdakA pratyeka bhaMga spaSTa rUpase apanI sApekSa satyatAkA avadhAraNa karA rahA hai ki 'ghar3A svacatuSTayakI dRSTise 'hai ho', isa dRSTi se 'nahIM' kabhI bhI nahIM hai / paracatuSTayakI dRSTi se 'nahIM hI hai', 'hai' kabhI bhI nahIM; taba saMzaya aura saMbhAvanAkI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI / 'ghaTaH syAdastyeva' isameM jo evakAra lagA huA hai vaha nirdiSTadharmake avadhAraNako batAtA hai| isa prakAra jaba syAdvAda sunizcita dRSTikoNoMse una-una dharmokA kharA nizcaya karA rahA hai, taba ise saMbhAvanAvAdameM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| yaha syAdvAda vyavahAra, nirvAhake lakSyase kalpita dharmomeM bhI bhale hI laga jAya, para vastuvyavasthAke samaya vaha vastukI sImAko nahIM laaNghtaa| ataH na yaha saMzayavAda hai, na anizcayavAda hI, kintu kharA apekSAprayukta nizcayavAda hai| sara rAdhAkRSNanke matakI mImAMsA : DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNanne iNDiyana philAsapho ( jilda 1 pR0 305-6 ) meM syAdvAdake Upara apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue likhA hai ki "isase hameM kevala ApekSika athavA ardhasatyakA hI jJAna ho sakatA hai / syAhAdase hama pUrNa satyako nahIM jAna skte| dUsare zabdoMmeM syAdvAda hameM ardhasatyoMke pAsa lAkara paTaka detA hai, aura inhIM ardhasatyoMko pUrNasatya mAna lenekI preraNA karatA hai| parantu kevala nizcita anizcita ardhasatyoMko milAkara ekasAtha rakha denese vaha pUrNasatya nahIM kahA jA sakatA !" Adi / kyA sara rAdhAkRSNan yaha batAneko kRpA kareMge ki syAdvAdane nizcita-anizcita ardhasatyoMko pUrNa satya mAna lenekI preraNA kaise kI hai ? hA~, vaha vedAntako taraha cetana aura acetanake kAlpanika 34
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________________ 530 jainadarzana abhedakI dimAgI daur3a meM avazya zAmila nahIM huA aura na vaha kisI aise siddhAntake samanvaya karanekI salAha detA hai, jisameM vastusthitiko upekSA kI gaI ho / sara rAdhAkRSNanko pUrNa satyake rUpameM vaha kAlpanika abheda ya brahma iSTa hai, jisameM cetana, acetana, mUrta, amUrta sabhI kAlpanika rIti se sama jAte haiM / ve syAdvAdako samanvaya dRSTiko ardhasatyoMke pAsa lAkara paTakana samajhate haiM, para jaba pratyeka vastu svarUpataH anantadharmAtmaka hai, taba us vAstavika natIje para pahu~caneko ardhasatya kaise kaha sakate haiM ? hA~, syAdvAda usa pramANaviruddha kAlpanika abhedakI ora vastusthitimUlaka dRSTise nahIM jA sakatA / vaise paramasaMgrahanayakI dRSTise eka carama abhedakI kalpana jainadarzanakAroMne bhI kI hai, jisameM sadra pase sabhI cetana aura acetana sama jAte haiM- "sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt " 1 - saba eka haiM, sat rUpase cetana acetana meM koI bheda nahIM hai / para yaha eka kalpanA hI hai, kyoMki aisA koI eka 'vastusat' nahIM hai jo pratyeka maulika dravyameM anugata rahatA ho / ataH yadi sara rAdhakRSNanko carama abhedako kalpanA hI dekhanI ho, to vaha paramasaMgraha nayameM dekhI jA sakatI hai / para vaha sAdRzyamUlaka abhedopacAra ho hogA vastusthiti nahIM / yA pratyeka dravya apanI guNa aura paryAyoMse vAstavika abheda rakhatA hai, para aise svaniSTha ekatvavAle anantAnanta dravya loka vastusat haiM / pUrNasatya to vastuke yathArtha anekAntasvarUpakA darzana hI hai na ki kAlpanika abhedakA khayAla / buddhigata abheda hamAre Anandaka viSaya ho sakatA hai, para isase do dravyoMkI eka sattA sthApita nahIM haM sakatI / kucha isI prakAra ke vicAra pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAya bhI sara rAdhA kRSNankA anusaraNa kara 'bhAratIya darzana' ( pR0 173 ) meM praka karate hai - "isI kAraNa yaha vyavahAra tathA paramArthake bIcoMbIca tastvavicArako katipaya kSaNake liye visrambha tathA virAma denevAle vizrAmagRhase bar3hakara adhika mahattva nahIM rakhatA / " Apa cAhate haiM ki
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 531 pratyeka darzanako usa kAlpanika abheda taka pahu~canA cAhiye / para syAdvAda jaba vastukA vicAra kara rahA hai, taba vaha paramArthasat vastuko sImAko kaise lA~gha sakatA hai ? brahmekavAda na kevala yukti-viruddha hI hai, kintu Ajake vijJAnase usake ekIkaraNakA koI vAstavika mUlya siddha nahIM hotA / vijJAnane eTamakA bhI vizleSaNa kiyA hai aura pratyeka paramANukI apanI maulika aura svatantra sattA svIkAra kI hai / ataH yadi syAdvAda vastuko anekAntAtmaka sImApara pahu~cAkara buddhiko virAma detA hai, to yaha usakA bhUSaNa hI hai | dimAgI abhedase vAstavika sthitikI upekSA karanA manoraMjanase adhika mahattva kI bAta nahIM ho sakatI / DaoN0 devarAjajIne 'pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana' ( pR0 65 ) meM 'syAt ' zabdakA 'kadAcit ' anuvAda kiyA hai / yaha bhI bhramapUrNa hai / kadAcit zabda kAlApekSa hai / isakA sIdhA artha hai - kisI samaya / aura pracalita arthameM kadAcit zabda ekatarahase saMzayakI ora hI jhukatA hai / vastumeM astitva aura nAstitva dharma eka hI kAlameM rahate haiM, na ki bhinnakAlameM / kadAcit asti aura kadAcit nAsti nahIM hai, kintu saha - ekasAtha asti aura nAsti hai / syAtkA sahI aura saTIka artha hai - 'kathaJcit ' arthAt eka nizcita prakArase / yAnI amuka nizcita dRSTikoNa se vastu 'asti' hai aura usI samaya dvitIya nizcita dRSTikoNa se 'nAsti' hai, inameM kAlabheda nahIM hai / apekSAprayukta nizcayavAda hI syAdvAdakA abhrAnta vAcyArtha ho sakatA hai / zrI hanumantarAva ema0 e0 ne apane " Jain Instrumental Theory of Knowledge" nAmaka lekha meM likhA hai ki " syAdvAda sarala samajhautekA mArga upasthita karatA hai, vaha pUrNa satyataka nahIM le jAtA" Adi / ye saba eka hI prakArake vicAra hai jo syAdvAdake svarUpako na samajhane yA vastusthitikI upekSA karaneke pariNAma hai / vastu to apane sthAnapara apane virAT rUpameM pratiSThita hai, usame anantadharma, jo hameM paraspara
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________________ 532 jainadarzana virodhI mAlUma hote haiM, aviruddha bhAvase vidyamAna haiN| para hamArI dRSTi virodha honese hama usakI yathArtha sthitiko nahIM samajha pA rahe haiM / dharmakIrti aura anekAntavAda : ___ AcArya dharmakIrti pramANavAtika ( 3 / 180-184 ) meM ubhayarU tattvake svarUpameM viparyAsa kara bar3e roSase anekAntatattvako pralApamA kahate haiM / ve sAMkhyamatakA khaMDana karaneke bAda jainamatake khaMDanakA upakra karate hue likhate haiM "etanaiva yahIkAH kimapyayuktamAkulam / pralapanti pratikSiptaM tadapyekAntasambhavAt ||"-pr0vaa 31180 arthAt sAMkhyamatake khaMDana karanese hI ahrIka yAnI digambara lo jo kucha ayukta aura Akula pralApa karate haiM vaha khaMDita ho jAtA hai kyoMki tattva ekAntarUpa hI ho sakatA hai| ___yadi sabhI tattvoMko ubhayarUpa yAnI sva-pararUpa mAnA jAtA hai, te padArthoM meM vizeSatAkA nirAkaraNa ho jAnese 'dahI khAo' isa prakArako AjJA diyA puruSa U~Tako khAneke liye kyoM nahIM daur3atA ? kyoMki dahI sva-dahIkI taraha para-UMTarUpa bhI hai / yadi dahI aura U~TameM koI vizeSatA yA atizaya hai, jisake kAraNa dahI zabdase dahImeM tathA U~Ta zabdase U~TameM ho pravRtti hotI hai, to vahI vizeSatA sarvatra mAna lenI cAhiye, aisI dazAmeM tattva ubhayAtmaka nahIM rahakara anubhayAtmaka yoni pratiniyata svarUpavAlA siddha hogaa| 1. 'sarvasyobhayarUpatve tadvizeSanirAkRteH / codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTaM nAbhidhAvati // athAstyatizayaH kazcit tena bhedena vartate / sa eva vizeSo'nyatra nAstItyanubhayaM varam // ' -pramANavA0 33181-182 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 533 isa prasaGga meM A0 dharmakItine jainatattvake viparyAsa karanemeM hada kara dI hai / tattvako ubhayAtmaka arthAt sat - asadAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka yA bhedAbhedAtmaka kahanekA tAtparya yaha hai ki dahI, dahI rUpase sat hai aura dahIse bhinna uSTrAdirUpase vaha 'nAsti' hai / jaba jaina tattvajJAna yaha spaSTa kaha rahA hai ki 'hara vastu svarUpase hai, pararUpase nahIM haiM; taba usase to yahI phalita ho rahA hai ki 'dahI dahI hai, U~Ta Adi rUpa nahIM hai / aisI hAlata meM dahI khAneko kahA gayA puruSa U~Tako khAneke lipe kyoM daur3egA ? jaba U~TakA nAstitva dahI meM hai, taba usameM pravRtti karanekA prasaMga kisI anunmattako kaise ho sakatA hai ? dUsare zlokameM jisa vizeSatAkA nirdeza karake samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha vizeSatA to pratyeka padArthameM svabhAvabhUta mAnI hI jAtI hai / ata: svAstitva aura paranAstitvakI itanI spaSTa ghoSaNA hone para bhI svabhinna parapadArtha meM pravRttikI bAta kahanA hI vastutaH ahrokatA hai / ubhayAtmaka arthAt dravyaparyAyAtmaka mAnakara dravya yAnI pudgaladravyako dRSTise dahI aura U~Take zarIrako eka mAnakara dahI khAneke badale U~Take khAnekA dUSaNa denA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyeka paramANu, svatantra pudgaladravya hai, aneka paramANu milakara skandharUpameM dahI kahalAte haiM aura unase bhinna aneka paramANu skandhakA zarIra bane haiM / aneka bhinnAsattAka paramANudravyoMmeM pudgalarUpase jo ekatA hai vaha sAdRzyamUlaka ekatA hai, vAstavika ekatA nahIM hai / ve ekajAtIya haiM, ekasattAka nahIM / aisI dazA meM dahI aura UMTake zarIrameM ekatAkA prasaMga lAkara makhaula ur3AnA zobhana bAta to nahIM hai / jina paramANuoMse dahI skandha banA hai unameM bhI vicArakara dekhA jAya, to sAdRzyamUlaka hI ekatvAropa ho rahA hai, vastutaH ekatva to eka dravyameM hI hai / aisI sthitimeM dahI aura U~TameM ekatvakA bhAna kisa svastha puruSako ho sakatA hai ?
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________________ 534 jainadarzana' yadi kahA jAya ki "jina paramANuoMse dahI banA hai ve paramA kabhI-na-kabhI UMTake zarIrameM bhI rahe hoMge aura U~Take zarIrake paramA dahI bhI bane hoMge, aura Age bhI dahIke paramANu U~Take zarIrarUpa | sakane kI yogyatA rakhate hai, isa dRSTise dahI aura U~TakA zarIra abhinna sakatA hai ?" so bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki dravyako atIta aura anAga paryAyeM judA hotI hai, vyavahAra to vartamAna paryAyake anusAra calatA hai khAneke upayogame dahI paryAya AtI hai aura savArIke upayogameM OM paryAya / phira zabdakA vAcya bhI judA-judA hai / dahI zabdakA prayoga dahaM paryAyavAle dravyoMko viSaya karatA hai na ki U~TakI paryAyavAle dravyako pratiniyata zabda pratiniyata paryAyavAle dravyakA kathana karate hai / yadi atIta paryAyakI saMbhAvanAse dahI aura U~Tame ekatva lAyA jAtA hai ta sugata apane pUrvajAtaka me bhRga hue the aura vahI mRga marakara sugata huA sugata pujya hI hote hai, ataH santAnakI dRSTi se ekatva honepara bhI jaise hai aura mRga khAdya mAnA jAtA hai, usI taraha dahI aura U~TameM khAdyaakhAdyako vyavasthA hai / Apa mRga aura sugatame khAdyatva aura bandyatvakA viparyAsa nahIM karate; kyoMki donoM avasthAe~ judA hai, aura vandyatva tathA khAdyatvakA sambandha avasthAoMse hai, usI taraha pratyeka padArthakI sthiti dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai / paryAyoMkI kSaNaparamparA anAdise ananta kAla taka calI jAtI hai, kabhI vicchinna nahIM hotI, yahI usakI dravyatA dhrauvya yA free hai / nityatva yA zAzvatapanese vicakanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / santati yA paramparAke avicchedakI dRSTise AMzika nityatA to vastukA nija rUpa hai / usase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Apa jo yaha kahate hai ki ' vizeSatAkA nirAkaraNa ho jAnese saba sarvAtmaka ho jAyageM', so dravyoM meM ekajAtIyatA honepara svarUpakI bhinnatA aura vizeSatA hai hI / paryAyoMmeM paraspara bheda hI hai, ataH dahI aura UMTake abhedakA prasaMga denA vastukA jAnate - bUjhate viparyAsa karanA hai / vizeSatA to pratyeka dravyameM hai
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 535 aura eka dravyako do paryAyoMmeM bhI maujUda hai hI, usase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / prazAkaragupta aura acaMTa, tathA syAdvAda : prajJAkara gupta dharma kIrtike ziSya haiM / ve pramANavArtikAlaMkAra meM jainadarzanake utpAda, vyaya, dhauvyAtmaka pariNAmavAdameM dUSaNa dete hue likhate haiM ki "jisa samaya vyaya hogA, usa samaya sattva kaise ? yadi sattva hai; to vyaya kaise ? ataH nityAnityAmaka vastukI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / yA to vaha ekAntase nitya ho sakatI hai yA ekAntase anitya / " 2 hetubinduke TIkAkAra arcaMTa bhI vastuke utpAda, vyaya, dhovyAtmaka lakSaNa meM hI virodha dUSaNakA udbhAvana karate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki "jisa rUpase utpAda aura vyaya haiM usa rUpase dhauvya nahIM hai, aura jisa rUpase dhanya hai usa rUpase utpAda aura vyaya nahIM haiM / eka dharmI meM paraspara virodhI do dharma nahIM ho sakate / " kintu jaba bauddha svayaM itanA svIkAra karate haiM ki vastu pratikSaNa utpanna hotI hai aura naSTa hotI hai tathA usakI isa dhArAkA kabhI viccheda 1. " athotpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM yattatsadiSyate / eSAmeva na sattvaM syAt etadbhAvAviyogataH // yadA vyayastadA sattvaM kathaM tasya pratIyate ? pUrva pratIte sattvaM syAt tadA tasya vyayaH katham // dhauvye'pi yadi nAsmin dhIH kathaM sattvaM pratIyate I pratItereva sarvasya tasmAt sattvaM kuto'nyathA // tasmAnna nityAnityasya vastunaH saMbhavaH kvacit / anityaM nityamathavAstu ekAntena yuktimat // " - pramANavArtikAla. pR0 142 / 2. " dhauvyeNa utpAdavyayayovirodhAta, ekasmin dharmiNyayogAt / " - hetubi0 TI0 pR0 146
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________________ 536 jainadarzana nahIM hotA / yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha kabase prArambha huI aura na yaha batAyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha kaba taka clegii| prathama kSaNa naSTa hokara apanA sArA uttarAdhikAra dvitIya kSaNako sauMpa detA hai aura vaha tIsare kSaNako / isa taraha yaha kSaNasantati anantakAla taka cAlU rahatI hai / yaha bhI siddha hai ki vivakSita kSaNa apane sajAtIya kSaNameM hI upAdAna hotA hai, kabhI bhI upAdAnasAMkarya nahIM hotA / Akhira isa anantakAla taka calanevAlI upAdAnakI asaMkaratAkA niyAmaka kyA hai ? kyoM nahIM vaha vicchinna hotA aura kyoM nahIM koI vijAtIyakSaNameM upAdAna banatA ? dhovya isI asaMkaratA aura avicchinnatAkA nAma hai / isake kAraNa koI bhI maulika tattva apanI maulikatA nahIM khotA / isakA utpAda aura vyayake sAtha kyA virodha hai ? utpAda aura vyayako apanI lAina para cAlU rakhaneke liye, aura anantakAla taka usakI lar3I banAye rakhane ke liye dhauvyakA mAnanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / anyathA smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna lene-dena, bandha-mokSa, guruziSyAdi samasta vyavahAroMkA uccheda ho jAyagA / Aja vijJAna bhI isa mUla siddhAnta para hI sthira hai ki "kisI naye satkA utpAda nahIM hotA aura maujUda satkA sarvathA uccheda nahIM hotA, parivartana pratikSaNa hotA rahatA hai" isameM jo tattvakI maulika sthiti hai usIko dhauvya kahate haiM / bauddha darzana meM 'santAna' zabda kucha isa artha meM prayukta hokara bhI vaha apanI satyatA kho baiThA hai, aura use paMkti aura senAkI taraha mRpA kahanekA pakSa prabala ho gayA hai / paMkti aura senA aneka svatantra siddha maulika dravyoM meM saMkSipta vyavahArake liye kalpita buddhigata sphuraNa hai, jo unheM hI pratIta hotA hai, jinane saMketa grahaNa kara liyA hai, parantu dhIvya yA dravyako maulikatA buddhikalpita nahIM hai, kintu kSaNakI taraha Thosa satya hai, jo usakI 1. " bhAvassa Nasthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppAdo || 15 || " , anAdi ananta - paMcAstikAya /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 537 asaMkara sthitiko pravahamAna rakhatA hai / jaba vastukA svarUpa hI isa taraha trayAtmaka hai taba usa pratIyamAna svarUpameM virodha kaisA ? hAM, jisa dRSTise utpAda aura vyaya kahe jAte haiM, usI dRSTise yaha dhrauvya kahA jAtA to avazya virodha hotA, para utpAda aura vyaya to paryAyakI dRSTise haiM tathA dhrauvya usa dravaNazIla maulikatvakI apekSAse haiM, jo anAdise ananta taka apanI paryAyoMmeM bahatA rahatA hai| koI bhI dArzanika kaise isa Thosa satyase inakAra kara sakatA hai ? isake binA vicArakA koI AdhAra hI nahIM raha jaataa| buddhako zAzvatavAdase yadi bhaya thA, to ve ucchedavAda bhI to nahIM cAhate the| ye tattvako na zAzvata kahate the aura na ucchinna / unane usake svarUpako do 'na' se kahA, jaba ki usakA vidhyAtmaka rUpa utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyAtmaka hI bana sakatA hai| buddha to kahate haiM ki na to vastu nitya hai aura na sarvathA ucchinna, jaba ki prajJAkara gupta yaha vidhAna karate haiM ki yA to vastuko nitya mAno yA kSaNika arthAt ucchinna / kSaNikakA artha ucchinna maiMne jAnabUjhakara isaliye kiyA hai ki aisA kSaNika, jisake maulikatva ora asaMkaratAkI koI gAraMTI nahIM hai, ucchi ke sivAya kyA ho sakatA hai ? vartamAna kSaNameM atItake saMskAra aura bhaviSyako yogyatAkA honA hI dhrauvyatvakI vyAkhyA hai / atItakA sadbhAva to koI bhI nahIM mAna sakatA aura na bhaviSyatakA hii| dravyako kAlika bhI isI arthameM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha atItase pravAhamAna hotA huA vartamAna taka AyA hai aura Ageko maMjilako taiyArI kara rahA hai| arcaTa kahate haiM ki jisa rUpase utpAda aura vyaya haiM usa rUpase dhrauvya nahIM; so ThIka hai, kintu 've donoM rUpa eka dharmI meM nahIM raha sakate' yaha kaise ? jaba sabhI pramANa usa anantadharmAtmaka vastuko sAkSI de rahe hai taba usakA aMgulI hilAkara niSedha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ?
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________________ 538 jainadarzana " yasminneva tu santAne AhitA karmavAsanA / phalaM tatraiva sandhatte kArpAse raktatA yathA / / " yaha karma aura karmaphalako eka adhikaraNameM siddha karanevAlA pramANa spaSTa kaha rahA hai ki jisa santAnameM karmavAsanA - yAnI karmake saMskAra par3ate hai, usImeM phalakA anusandhAna hotA hai / jaise ki jisa kapAsake bIja meM lAkSArasakA siMcana kiyA gayA hai usIse utpanna honevAlI kapAsa lAla raMga kI hotI hai / yaha saba kyA hai ? santAna eka santanyamAna tattva hai jo pUrva aura uttarako jor3atA hai aura ve pUrva tathA uttara parivartita hote hai / isIko to jaina dhrauvya zabdase kahate haiM, jisake kAraNa dravya anAdi - ananta parivartamAna rahatA hai / dravya eka AmreDita akhaMDa maulika hai / usakA apane dharmose kathaJcit bhedAbheda yA kathaJcittAdAtmya hai / abheda isaliye ki dravyase una dharmoko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, unakA vivecana - pRthakkaraNa azakya hai / bheda isaliye ki dravya aura paryAyameM saMjJA, saMkhyA, svalakSaNa aura prayojana AdikI vividhatA pAI jAtI hai / A arcaTako isapara bhI Apatti hai / ve likhate hai ki " dravya aura paryAya meM saMkhyAdike bhedase bheda mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / bheda aura abheda pakSameM jo doSa hote haiM, ve donoM pakSa mAnane para avazya hoMge / bhinnAbhinnAtmaka eka vastukI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, ata: yaha vAda duSTakalpita hai / " Adi / 1. 'dravyapayayarUpatvAt dvairUpyaM vastunaH kila / tayorekAtmakatve'pi bhedaH sajJAdibhedataH // 1 // " bhedAbhedoktadoSAzca tayoriSTau kathaM na vA / pratyekaM ye prasajyante dvayorbhAve kathanna te // 62 // na caivaM gamyate tena vAdo'yaM jAlmakalpitaH // 45 // ' 6000 - hetubi0 TI0 10 104 - 107 //
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 539 parantu jo abheda aMza hai vahI dravya hai aura bheda hai vahI paryAya hai| sarvathA bheda aura sarvathA abheda vastumeM nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jisase bhedapakSa aura abhedapakSake donoM doSa aisI vastumeM aaveN| sthiti yaha hai ki dravya eka akhaMDa maulika hai| usake kAlakramase honevAle pariNamana paryAya kahalAte haiN| ve usI dravyameM hote haiN| yAnI dravya atItake saMskAra letA huA vartamAna paryAyarUpa hotA hai aura bhaviSyake liye kAraNa banatA hai / akhaMDa dravyako samajhAneke liye usameM aneka guNa mAne jAte haiM, jo paryAyarUpase pariNata hote haiN| dravya aura paryAyameM jo saMjJAbheda, saMkhyAbheda, lakSaNabheda aura kAryabheda Adi batAye jAte haiM, ve una donoMkA bheda samajhAneke liye haiM, vastutaH unase aisA bheda nahIM hai, jisase paryAyoMko dravyase nikAlakara judA batAyA jA ske| paryAyarUpase dravya anitya hai / dravyase abhinna honeke kAraNa paryAya yadi nitya kahI jAtI hai to bhI koI dUSaNa nahIM hai; kyoMki dravyakA astitva kisI-na-kisI paryAyameM hI to hotA hai / dravyakA svarUpa judA aura paryAyakA svarUpa judA-isakA itanA ho artha hai ki donoMko pRthak samajhAneke liye unake lakSaNa judA-judA hote haiN| kArya bhI jude isaliye haiM ki dravyase anvayajJAna hotA hai jaba ki paryAyoMse vyAvRttajJAna yA bhedajJAna / dravya eka hotA hai aura paryAya kAlakramase aneka / ataH ina saMjJA Adise vastuke Tukar3e mAnanepara jo dUSaNa diye jAte haiM ve isameM lAgU nahIM hote| hA~, vaizeSika jo dravya, guNa aura karma Adiko svatantra padArtha mAnate haiM, usake bhedapakSameM ina dUSaNoMkA samarthana to jaina bhI karate haiN| sarvathA abhedarUpa brahmavAdameM vivarta, vikAra yA bhinnapratibhAsa AdikI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| pratipAdya-pratipAdaka, jJAnajJeya AdikA bheda bhI asaMbhava hai / isa taraha eka pUrvabaddha dhAraNAke kAraNa jainadarzanake bhedAbhedavAdameM binA vicAre hI virodhAdi dUSaNa lAda diye jAte haiN| 'sat sAmAnya' se jo saba padArthoMko 'eka' kahate haiM vaha vastusat aikya nahIM hai, vyavahArArtha saMgrahabhUta ekatva hai, jo ki upacarita hai, mukhya
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________________ 540 jainadarzana nahIM / zabdaprayogakI dRSTise eka dravyameM vivakSita dharmabheda aura do dravyoMmeM rahane vAlA paramArthasat bheda, donoM bilakula jude prakArake hai / vastukI samIkSA karate samaya hameM sAvadhAnIse usake varNita svarUpapara vicAra karanA caahiye| zAntarakSita aura syAdvAda: A. zAntarakSitane tattvasaMgrahameM syAdvAdaparIkSA (pR0 486) nAmakA eka svatantra prakaraNa hI likhA hai / ve sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA bhAvAbhAvAtmaka tattvameM dUSaNa udbhAvita karate hai ki "yadi sAmAnya aura vizeSarUpa eka ho vastu hai, to eka vastuse abhinna honeke kAraNa sAmAnya aura vizeSameM svarUpasAMkarya ho jAyagA / yadi sAmAnya aura vizeSa paraspara bhinna hai aura unase vastu abhinna hone jAtI hai; to vastumeM bheda ho jaaygaa| vidhi aura pratiSedha paraspara virodhI haiM, ataH ve eka vastumeM nahIM ho sakate / narasiMha, mecakaratna Adi dRSTAnta bhI ThIka nahIM haiM; kyoMki ve saba aneka aNuoMke samUharUpa hai, ataH unakA yaha svarUpa avayavIkI taraha vikalpa-kalpita hai / " Adi / bauddhAcAryoMkI eka hI dalIla hai ki eka vastu do rUpa nahIM ho sktii| ve soceM ki jaba pratyeka svalakSaNa paraspara bhinna hai, eka dUsare rUpa nahIM haiM, to itanA to mAnanA hI cAhie ki rUpasvalakSaNa rUpasvalakSaNatvena 'asti' hai aura rasAdisvalakSaNatvena 'nAsti' hai, anyathA rUpa aura rasa milakara eka ho jaaygeN| hama svarUpa-astitvako hI pararUpanAstitva nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki donoMko apekSAe~ judA-judA haiM, pratyaya bhinna-bhinna hai aura kArya bhinna-bhinna hai| eka hI hetu svapakSakA sAdhaka hotA hai aura parapakSakA dUSaka, ina donoM dharmokI sthiti judA-judA hai / hetu meM yadi kevala sAdhaka svarUpa hI ho; to use svapakSakI taraha parapakSako bhI siddha hI karanA caahiye| isI taraha dUSakarUpa hI ho; to parapakSakI
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 541 taraha svapakSakA bhI dUSaNa hI karanA caahiye| yadi eka hetume pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSAsattva tIno rUpa bhinna-bhinna mAne jAte hai; to kyoM nahIM sapakSasatvako hI vipakSAsattva mAna lete ? ataH jisa prakAra hetume vipakSAsattva sapakSasattvase judA rUpa hai usI taraha pratyeka vastume svarUpAstitvase pararUpanAstitva judA hI svarUpa hai| anvayajJAna aura vyatirekajJAnarUpa prayojana aura kArya bhI unake jude hI hai| yadi rUpasvalakSaNa apane uttararUpasvalakSaName upAdAna hotA hai aura rasasvalakSaNameM nimitta; to usame ye dono dharma vibhinna hai yA nahI ? yadi rUpame eka hI svabhAvase upAdAna aura nimittatvako vyavasthA kI jAtI hai ? to batAie eka hI svabhAva do rUpa huA yA nahI ? usane do kArya kiye yA nahIM ? to jisa prakAra eka hI svabhAva rUpako dRSTise upAdAna hai aura rasakI dRSTise nimitta, usI prakAra vibhinna apekSAose eka hI vastume aneka dharma mAnaneme kyo virodhakA hallA kiyA jAtA hai ? bauddha kahate hai ki "dRSTa padArthake akhila guNa dRSTa ho jAte hai, para bhrAntise unakA nizcaya nahI hotA, ataH amumAnako pravRtti hotI hai|" yahA~ pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpase nIlasvalakSaNake nIlAzakA nizcaya honepara kSaNikatva aura svargaprApaNazakti AdikA nizcaya nahI hotA, ataH anu. mAna karanA par3atA hai; to eka ho nIlasvalakSaName apekSAbhedase nizcitatva aura anizcitatva ye do dharma to mAnanA hI caahie| padArthame anekadharma yA guNa mAnaneme virodhakA koI sthAna nahIM hai, ve to pratIta hai / vastumeM sarvathA bheda svIkAra karanevAle bauddhoke yahA~ pararUpase nAstitva mAne binA svarUpakI pratiniyata vyavasthA hI nahIM bana sktii| dAnakSaNakA dAnatva pratIta honepara bhI usakI svargadAnazaktikA nizcaya nahIM hotaa| aisI 1. "tasmAt dRSTasya bhAvasya dRSTa evAkhilo guNaH / bhrAntenizcIyate neti sAdhanaM saMpravartate ||"-prmaannvaa0 3 / 44 /
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________________ 542 jainadarzana dazAmeM dAnakSaNameM nizcitatA aura anizcatatA donoM hI mAnanA hoNgiiN| eka rUpasvalakSaNa anAdikAlase anantakAla taka pratikSaNa parivartita hokara bhI kabhI samApta nahIM hotA, usakA samUla uccheda nahIM hotA, vaha na to sajAtIya rUpAntara banatA hai aura na vijAtIya rasAdi ho| yaha usakI jo anAdyananta asaMkara sthiti hai, usakA kyA niyAmaka hai ? vastu viparivartamAna hokara bhI jo samApta nahIM hotI, isIkA nAma dhrauvya hai jisake kAraNa vivakSita kSaNa kSaNAntara nahIM hotA aura na sarvathA ucchinna hI hotA hai| ataH jaba rUpasvalakSaNa rUpasvalakSaNa hI hai, rasAdi nahIM, rUpasvalakSaNa pratikSaNa parivartita hotA huA bhI sarvathA ucchinna nahIM hotA, rUpasvalakSaNa upAdAna bhI hai aura nimitta bhI, rUpasvalakSaNa nizcita bhI hai aura anizcita bhI, rUpasvalakSaNoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka sAmAnya dharma bhI hai aura vaha vizeSa bhI hai, rUpasvalakSaNa rUpazabdakA abhidheya hai rasAdikA anabhidheya; taba aisI sthitimeM usakI anekadharmAtmakatA svayaM siddha hai| syAdvAda vastukI isI anekAntAtmakatAkA pratipAdana karanevAlI eka bhASA-paddhati hai, jo vastukA sahI-sahI pratinidhitva karatI hai / Apa sAmAnyako anyApoharUpa kaha bhI lijie para 'agovyAvRtti govyaktiyoMmeM hI kyoM pAyI jAtI hai, azvAdimeM kyoM nahIM' isakA niyAmaka gomeM pAyA jAnevAlA sAdRzya hI ho sakatA hai / sAdRzya do padArthoM meM pAyA jAnevAlA eka dharma nahIM hai, kintu pratyekaniSTha hai / jitane pararUpa haiM unakI vyAvRtti yadi vastumeM pAyI jAtI hai, to utane dharmabheda mAnanemeM kyA Apatti hai ? pratyeka vastu apane akhaMDarUpameM avibhAgI aura anirvAcya hokara bhI jaba una-una dharmokI apekSA nirdezya hotI hai to usakI abhidheyatA spaSTa hI hai| vastukA avaktavyatva dharma svayaM usakI anekAntAtmakatAko pukAra-pukArakara kaha rahA hai / vastumeM itane dharma, guNa aura paryAya haiM ki usake pUrNa svarUpako hama zabdoMse nahIM kaha sakate aura isIliye use
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________________ 543 syAdvAda-mImAMsA avaktavya kahate haiN| A0 zAntirakSita' svayaM kSaNika pratItyasamutpAdameM anAdyananta aura asaMkrAnti vizeSaNa dekara usakI santatinityatA svIkAra karate haiM, phira bhI dravyake nityAnityAtmaka honemeM unheM virodhakA bhaya dikhAI detA hai ! kimAzcaryamataH param !! ananta svalakSaNoMkI paraspara viviktasattA mAnakara pararUpa-nAstitvase nahIM bacA jA sakatA / mecakaratna yA narasiMhakA dRSTAnta to sthUla rUpase hI diyA jAtA hai, kyoMki jaba taka mecakaratna anekANuoMkA kAlAntarasthAyI saMghAta banA huA hai aura jaba taka unameM vizeSa prakArakA rAsAyanika mizraNa hokara bandha hai; taba taka mecakaratnako, sAdRzyamUlaka pujake rUpameM hI sahI, eka sattA to hai hI aura usameM usa samaya aneka rUpoMkA pratyakSa darzana hotA hI hai| narasiMha bhI isI taraha kAlAntarasthAyI saMghAtake rUpameM eka hokara bhI anekAkArake rUpameM pratyakSagocara hotA hai| sattvasaM0 traikAlyaparIkSA ( pR0 504 ) meM kucha bauddhakadeziyoMke mata diye hai, jo trikAlavartI dravyako svIkAra karate the| inameM bhadanta dharmatrAta bhAvAnyathAvAdI the| ve dravyameM pariNAma na mAnakara bhAvameM pariNAma mAnate the| jaise kaTaka, kuMDala, keyUrAdi avasthAoMmeM pariNAma hotA hai dravyasthAnIya suvarNameM nahIM, usI taraha dharmoM meM anyathAtva hotA hai, dravyameM nhiiN| dharma hI anAgatapaneko chor3akara vartamAna banatA hai aura vartamAnako chor3akara atItake gahvarameM calA jAtA hai| bhadanta ghoSaka lakSaNAnyathAvAdI the / eka hI dharma atItAdi lakSaNoMse yukta hokara atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna kahA jAtA hai| ___ bhadanta vasumitra avasthAnyathAvAdI the| dharma atItAdi bhinna-bhinna avasthAoMko prApta kara atItAdi kahA jAtA hai, dravya to trikAlAnuyAyI rahatA hai| jaise eka miTTIko golI bhinna-bhinna goliyoMke DherameM par3akara 1. tattvasaM0 zlo0 4 /
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________________ jainadarzana aneka saMkhyAvAlI ho jAtI hai usI taraha dharma atItAdi vyavahArako prApta ho jAtA hai, dravya to eka rahatA hai / buddhadeva anyathAnyathika the| dharma pUrva-parako apekSA anya-anya kahA jAtA hai| jaise eka hI strI mAtA bhI hai aura putrI bhii| jisakA pUrva hI hai, apara nahIM, vaha anAgata kahalAtA hai| jisakA pUrva bhI hai aura apara bhI, vaha vartamAna; aura jisakA apara hI hai, pUrva nahIM; vaha atIta kahalAtA hai| ye cAroM astivAdI kahe jAte the| inake matoMkA vistRta vivaraNa nahIM milatA ki ye dharma aura avasthAse dravyakA tAdAtmya mAnate the, yA anya koI sambandha, phira bhI itanA to patA calatA hai ki ye vAdI yaha anubhava karate the ki sarvathA kSaNikavAdameM loka-paraloka, karma-phalavyavasthA Adi nahIM vana sakate, ataH kisI rUpameM dhrauvya yA dravyake svIkAra kiye binA cArA nahIM hai| zAntarakSita svayaM paralokaparIkSA meM cArvAkakA khaMDana karate samaya jJAnAdi-santatiko anAdi-ananta svIkAra karake hI paralokakI vyAkhyA karate hai / yaha jJAnAdi-santatikA anAdyananta honA hI to dravyatA yA dhrauvya hai, jo atItake saMskAroMko letA haA bhaviSyatakA kAraNa banatA jAtA hai| karma-phalasambandhaparIkSA (pR0 184 ) meM kinhIM cittoMmeM viziSTa kAryakAraNabhAva mAnakara ho smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna Adike ghaTAnekA jo prayAsa kiyA gayA hai vaha saMskArAdhAyaka cittakSaNoMkI santatimeM hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai' yaha bAta svayaM zAntarakSita bhI svIkAra karate haiN| 1. 'upAdAnatadAdeyabhUtajJAnAdisantateH / kAcinniyatamaryAdAvasthaiva parikIyate // tasyAzcAnAdhanantAyAH paraH pUrva iheti ca' -tattvasaM0 zlo0 1872-73 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA ve bandha aura mokSakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM ki kAryakAraNaparabhparAse cale Aye avidyA, saMskAra Adi bandha haiM aura inake nAza ho jAne para jo cittakI nirmalatA hotI hai use mukti kahate haiM / isameM jo citta avidyAdimaloMse sAsrava ho rahA thA usIkA nirmala ho jAnA, cittakI anusyUtatA aura anAdyanantatAkA spaSTa nirUpaNa hai, jo vastuko eka ho samaya meM utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka siddha kara detA hai / tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA ( pR0 184 ) meM uddhRta eka prAcIna zlokame to " tadeva tairvinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kathyate " yaha kahakara 'tadeva' padase cittako sAnvayatA aura bandha-mokSAdhAratAkA ativizida varNana kara diyA gayA hai / 545 'kinhIM cittoMmeM hI viziSTa kAryakAraNabhAvakA mAnanA aura anya meM nahIM, yaha pratiniyata svabhAvavyavasthA tattvako bhAvAbhAvAtmaka mAne binA bana nahIM sakatI / yAnI ve citta, jinameM paraspara upAdAnopAdeyabhAva hotA hai, paraspara kucha vizeSatA avazya hI rakhate hai, jisake kAraNa unhIM meM hI pratisandhAna, vAsyavAsakabhAva, kartR-bhoktRbhAva Adi ekAtmagata vyavasthAeM jamatIM hai, santAnAntaracitta ke sAtha nahIM / ekasantAnagata cittomaM hI upAdAnopAdeyabhAva hotA hai, santAnAntaracittoM meM nahIM / yaha pratiniyata santAnavyavasthA svayaM siddha karatI hai ki tattva kevala utpAda-vyayakI niranvaya paramparA nahIM hai / yaha ThIka hai ki pUrva aura uttara paryAyoMke utpAda - vyayarUpase badalate rahane para bhI koI aisA avikArI kUTastha nitya aMza nahIM hai, jo sabhI paryAyoMme sUtakI taraha avikRta bhAvase piroyA jAtA ho / para vartamAna atItako yAvat saMskAra-saMpattikA mAlika banakara hI to bhaviSyako apanA uttarAdhikAra detA hai / yaha jo adhikArake grahaNa aura visarjanakI paramparA amuka - cittakSaNoMmeM hI calatI haiM, santAnAntara cittoM meM 1. " kAryakAraNabhUtAzca tatrAvidyAdayo matAH / bandhastadvigamAdiSTo muktinirmalatA dhiyaH // " - tatvasaM 0 zlo0 544 / 35
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________________ 546 jainadarzana nahIM, vaha prakRta cittakSaNoMkA paraspara aisA tAdAtmya siddha kara rahI hai, jisako hama sahaja hI dhauvya yA dravyakI jagaha baiThA sakate haiM / bIja aura aMkurakA kAryakAraNabhAva bhI sarvathA niranvaya nahIM hai, kintu jo aNu pahale bIjake AkAra meM the, unhoMmeMke kucha aNu anya aNuoMkA sAhacarya pAkara aMkurAkArako dhAraNakara lete haiM / yahA~ bhI dhrauvya yA dravya vicchinna nahIM hotA, kevala avasthA badala jAtI hai / pratItyasamutpAdameM bhI pratItya aura samutpAda ina do kriyAoMkA eka karttA mAne binA gati nahIM hai / 'kevala kriyAe hI haiM aura kAraka nahIM hai', yaha nirAzraya bAta pratItikA viSaya nahIM hotI / ataH tattvako utpAda-vyaya-dhauvyAtmaka tathA vyavahArake liye sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka svIkAra karanA hI cAhiye / karNakagomi aura syAdvAda : - sarvaprathama ye digambaroMke 'anyApoha -- itaretarAbhAva na mAnanepara eka vastu sarvAtmaka ho jAyagI' isa siddhAntakA khaMDana karate hue likhate hai ki 'abhAvake dvArA bhAvabheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yadi padArtha apane kAraNoMse abhinna utpanna hue haiM, to abhAva unameM bheda nahIM DAla sakatA aura yadi bhinna utpanna hue haiM, to anyonyAbhAvakI kalpanA hI vyartha hai / ' ve UrdhvatA sAmAnya aura paryAyavizeSa arthAt dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastumeM dUSaNa dete hue likhate haiM ki "sAmAnya aura vizeSameM abheda mAnanepara yA to atyanta abheda rahegA yA atyanta bheda / anantadharmAtmaka dharmI pratIta nahIM hotA, ataH lakSaNabhedase bhI bheda nahIM ho sakatA / dahI aura UMTa 1. 'yospi digambaro manyate -- sarvAtmakamekaM syAdanyApohavyatikrame / tasmAd meda evAnyathA na syAdanyonyAbhAvo bhAvAnAM yadi na bhavediti so'pyanena nirastaH, abhAveda bhAvabhedasya katumazakyatvAt / nApyabhinnAnAM hetuto nippannAnAmanyonyAbhAvaH saMbhavati, abhinnAzcenniSpannaH; kathamanyonyAbhAvaH saMbhavati ? bhinnAzcenniSpannAH kathamanyonyAbhAvakalpanetyuktam / ' pra0 vA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 109 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA paraspara abhinna hai; kyoMki UMTase abhinna dravyatvase dahIkA tAdAtmya hai| ataH syAdvAda mithyAvAda hai|" Adi / yaha ThIka hai ki samasta padArtha apane-apane kAraNoMse svasvabhAvasthita utpanna hote hai / 'parantu eka padArtha dUsarese bhinna hai' isakA artha hai ki jagata itaretarAbhAvAtmaka hai / itaretarAbhAva koI svatantra padArtha hokara do padArthoMmeM bheda nahIM DAlatA, kintu paTAdikA itaretarAbhAva ghaTarUpa hai aura ghaTakA itaretarAbhAva paTAdirUpa hai / padArthameM donoM rUpa hai-svAstitva aura paranAstitva / paranAstitvarUpako hI itaretarAbhAva kahate hai| do padArtha abhinna arthAt ekasattAka to utpanna hote hI nahIM hai| jitane padArtha haiM saba apanI-apanI dhArAse badalate hue svarUpastha hai| do padArthoM ke svarUpakA pratiniyata honA hI ekakA dUsaremeM abhAva hai, jo tat-tat padArthake svarUpa hI hotA hai, bhinna padArtha nahIM hai / bhinna abhAvameM to jaina bhI yahI dUSaNa dete haiN| dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastumeM kAlakramase honevAlI aneka paryAye paraspara upAdAnopAdeyarUpase jo anAdyananta bahatI haiM, kabhI bhI ucchinna nahIM hotI aura na dUsarI dhArAse saMkrAnta hotI hai, isoko UrdhvatAsAmAnya, dravya yA dhrauvya kahate haiN| avyabhicArI upAdAna-upAdeyabhAvakA niyAmaka yahI - 1. "tena yo'pi digambaro manyate-nAsmAbhiH ghaTapaTAdiSvekaM sAmAnyamiSyate, teSAmekAntamedAt , kintvaparApareNa paryAyeNAvasthAsaMzitena pariNAmi dravyam, etadeva ca sarvaparyAyAnuyAyitvAt sAmAnyamucyate / tena yugapadulpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat iti vastuno lkssnnmiti| tadAha-ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI "so'pyatra nirAkRta evaM draSTavyaH, tadati samAnyavizeSavati vastunyabhyupagamyamAne atyantamabhedabhedau syAtAm atha sAmAnyavizeSayoH kathaJcibheda iSyate / atrApyAha-anyonyamityAdi / sAdRzAsadRzAtmanoH sAmAnyavizeSayoH yadi kathaJcidanyonyaM parasparaM bhedaH tadaikAntena tayorbharda eva syAt "digambaramyApi tadvati vastunyabhyupagamyamAne atyantamedAmedo smAtAm / mithyAvAda eva syAdvAdaH // " pra0 vA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 332-42 /
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________________ 548 jainadarzana hotA hai, anyathA santAnAntarakSaNake sAtha upAdAnopAdeyabhAvako ko roka sakatA hai ? isameM jo yaha kahA jAtA ki 'dravyase abhinna hone kAraNa paryAyeM ekarUpa ho jAyagI yA dravya bhinna ho jAyagA', so jara dravya svayaM hI paryAyarUpase pratikSaNa parivartita hotA jAtA hai, taba vaha paryAyoMkI dRSTise aneka hai aura una paryAyoMmeM jo svadhArAbaddhatA hai ura rUpase ve saba ekarUpa hI hai / santAnAntarake prathama kSaNase svasantAnake prathama kSaNameM jo antara hai aura jisake kAraNa antara hai aura jisakI vajaha svasantAna aura parasantAna vibhAga hotA hai vahI UrdhvatAsAmAnya ya dravya hai| "svabhAva-parabhAvAbhyAM yasmAd vyaavRttibhaaginH|' ( pramANavA0 3 / 36 ) ityAdi zlakoMmeM jo sajAtIya aura vijAtIya ya svabhAva aura parabhAva zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, yaha 'sva-para' vibhAra kaise hogA ? jo 'sva' ko rekhA hai vahI UrdhvatAsAmAnya hai|| dahI aura UMTameM abhedakI bAta to nirI kalpanA hai; kyoMki daha aura UMTameM koI eka dravya anuyAyo nahIM hai, jisake kAraNa unameM ekatvaka prasaMga upasthita ho| yaha kahanA ki 'jisa prakAra anugata pratyayake balapara kuMDala, kaTaka AdimeM eka suvarNasAmAnya mAnA jAtA hai usI taraha UM aura dahImeM bhI eka dravya mAnanA cAhiye' ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki vastuta dravya to pudgala aNu hI hai / suvarNa Adi bhI aneka paramANuoMkI cirakAla taka eka-jaisI banI rahanevAlI sadRza skandha-avasthA hI hai aura usIve kAraNa usake vikAroMmeManvaya pratyaya hotA hai| pratyeka AtmAkA apane harpa, viSAda, sukha, duHkha Adi paryAoMmeM kAlabheda honepara bhI jo anvara hai vaha UrdhvatAsAmAnya hai| eka pudgalANukA apanI kAlakramase honevAla avasthAoMmeM jo aviccheda hai vaha bhI UrdhvatAsAmAnya hI hai, isIke kAraNa unameM anugata pratyaya hotA hai inameM usa rUpase ekatva yA abheda kahane koI Apatti nahIM; kintu do svatantra dravyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka hI ekatvaka Aropa hotA hai, vAstavika nhiiN| ataH jinheM hama miTTI yA suvarNa dravya
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA kahate hai ve saba aneka paramANuoMke skandha hai| unhe hama vyavahArArtha hI eka dravya kahate hai| jina paramANuoMke skandhame suvarNa jaisA pIlA raMga, vajana, lacIlApana Adi juTa jAtA hai unhe hama pratikSaNa sadRza skandharUpa pariNamana honeke kAraNa sthUla dRSTise 'suvarNa' kaha dete hai| isI taraha miTTI, tantu Adime bhI samajhanA caahiye| suvarNa hI jaba AyurvedIya prayogoMse jIrNakara bhasma banA diyA jAtA hai, aura vahI puruSake dvArA bhukta hokara malAdi rUpase pariNata ho jAtA hai taba bhI eka avicchinna dhArA paramANuoMkI banI hI rahatI hai, 'suvarNa' paryAya to bhasma Adi banakara samApta ho jAtI hai / ataH anekadravyoMme vyavahArake liye jo sAdRzyamUlaka abhedavyavahAra hotA hai vaha vyavahArake liye hI hai| yaha sAdRzya bahutase avayavoM yA guNoMkI samAnatA hai aura yaha pratyekavyaktiniSTha hotA hai, ubhayaniSTha yA anekaniSTha nhii| gaukA sAdRzya gavayaniSTha hai aura gavayakA sAdRzya gauniSTha hai / isa arthame mAdRzya usa vastukA pariNamana hI huA, ata eva usase vaha abhinna hai / aisA koI sAdRzya nahI hai jo do vastuoMme anusyUta rahatA ho| usakI pratIti avazya parasApekSa hai, para svarUpa to vyaktiniSTha hI hai| ataH jainoke dvArA mAnA gayA tiryaksAmAnya, jisase ki bhinna-bhinna dravyome sAdRzmUlaka abhedavyavahAra hotA hai, anekAnugata na hokara pratyekame parisamApta hai| isako nimitta banAkara jo aneka vyaktiyoMme abheda kahA jAtA hai vaha kAlpanika hai, vAstavika nahI ! aisI dazAme dahI aura U~Tame abhedakA vyavahAra eka pudgalasAmAnyakI dRSTise jo kiyA jA sakatA hai vaha aupacArika kalpanA hai / U~Ta cetana hai aura dahI acetana, ataH una donome pudgalasAmAnyako dRSTise abheda vyavahAra karanA asaMgata hI hai| U~Take zarIrake aura dahIke paramANuose rUpa-rasa-gandha-sparzavattvarUpa sAdRzya milAkara abhedakI kalpanA karake dUSaNa denA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki isa prakArake kAlpanika atiprasaMgase to samasta vyavahAroMkA hI uccheda ho jAyagA / sAdRzyamUlaka sthUlapratyaya to bauddha bhI mAnate hI hai|
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________________ jainadarzana tAtparya yaha ki jainI tattvavyavasthAko samajhe binA hI yaha dUSaNa dharma kotine jainoMko diyA hai / isa sthitiko unake TIkAkAra AcArya karNava gomine tAr3a liyA, ataeva ve vahIM zaMkA karake likhate hai ki "zaMkAjaba ki digambaroMkA yaha darzana nahIM hai ki 'sarva sarvAtmaka hai yA sada sarvAtmaka nahIM hai to AcAryane kyoM unake liye yaha dUSaNa diyA? samA. dhAna-satya hai, yathAdarzana arthAt jaisA unakA darzana hai usake anusAra te 'atyantabhedAbhedau ca syAtAm' yahI dUSaNa AtA hai' prakRta dUSaNa nhiiN|" bAta yaha hai ki sAMkhyakA prakRtipariNAmavAda aura usako apekSA je bhedAbheda hai use jainoMpara lagAkara ina dArzanikoMne jaina darzanake sAtha nyAya nahIM kiyaa| sAMkhya eka prakRtiko sattA mAnatA hai / vahI prakRti dahIrUpa bhI, banatI hai aura U~Ta rUpa, ataH eka prakRtirUpase dahI aura U~TameM abhedaka prasaMga denA ucita ho bhI sake, para jaina tattvajJAnakA AdhAra bilakula judA hai / vaha vAstava-bahutvavAdI hai aura pratyeka paramANuko svataMtra dravya mAnatA hai| aneka dravyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka ekatva upacarita hai, Aropita hai aura kAlpanika hai| raha jAtI hai eka dravyakI bAta; so usake ekatvakA lopa svara bauddha bhI nahIM kara skte| nirvANameM jisa bauddhapakSane cittasantatikA sarvatha uccheda mAnA hai usane darzanazAstrake maulika AdhArabhUta niyamakA hI lora kara diyA hai / cittamantati svayaM apanemeM 'paramArthasat' hai / vaha kabhI meM ucchinna nahIM ho sakato / buddha svayaM ucchedavAdake utane hI virodhI the, jitane ki upaniSatpratipAdita zAzvatavAdake / bauddhadarzanakI sabase bar3I aura moTI bhUla yaha hai ki usake eka pakSane nirvANa avasthAmeM cittasanta1. "nanu digambarANAM 'sarva sarvAtmakaM, na sarva sarvAtmakam' iti naitaddarzanam , tatkimartha midamArcAyeMNocyate ? satyaM, yathAdarzanaM tu 'atyantamedAmedau ca syAtAm' ityAdina pUrvameva dUSitam / " -pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 339
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 551 tikA sarvathA uccheda mAna liyA hai / isI bhayase buddhane svayaM nirvANako avyAkRta kahA thA, usake svarUpake sambandhameM bhAva yA abhAva kisI rUpa meM unane koI uttara nahIM diyA thA / buddha ke isa maunane hI unake tattvajJAna meM pIche aneka virodhI vicAroMke udayakA avasara upasthita kiyA hai / vizaptimAtratAsiddhi aura anekAntavAda vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi' (pari0 2 khaM0 2 ) TIkAmeM nirgranthAdike matake rUpase bhedAbhedavAdakA pUrvapakSa karake dUSaNa diyA hai ki "do dharma eka dharmImeM asiddha hai / " kintu jaba pratItike balase ubhayAtmakatA siddha hotI hai, taba mAtra 'asiddha' kaha denese unakA niSedha sktaa| isa sambandha meM pahile likhA jA cukA hai / bAtakA hai ki eka paramparAne jo dUsarake matake khaMDanake liye 'nArA' lagAyA, usa paramparA ke anya vicAraka bhI A~kha mUMdakara usI 'nAre' ko bulanda kiye jAte haiM ! ve eka bAra bhI rukakara socanekA prayatna hI nahIM karate / syAdvAda aura anekAntake sambandhameM aba taka yahI hotA AyA hai / nahIM kiyA jA Azcarya to isa isa taraha syAdvAda aura utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka pariNAmavAdameM jitane bhI dUSaNa bauddhadarzanake granthoMmeM dekhe jAte hai ve tattvakA viparyAsa karake hI thope gaye hai, aura Aja bhI vaijJAnika dRSTikoNakI duhAI denevAle mAnya darzanalekhaka isa sambandhameM usI purAnI rUDhise cipake hue hai ! yaha mahAn Azcarya hai ! 1. 'sadbhUtA dharmAH sattAdidharmaiH samAnA bhinnAzcApi, yathA nirgranthAdInAm / tanmataM na smnyjsm| kasmAt ? na bhinnAbhinnamate'pi pUrvavat bhinnAbhinnayordoSabhAvAt / ubhayorekasmin asiddhatvAt / "bhinnAbhinnakalpanA na sadbhUtaM nyAyAsiddhaM satyAbhAsaM gRhItam / ' - vijJapti0 pari0 2 kha0 2 /
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________________ 552 jainadarzana zrI jayarAzibhaTTa aura anekAntavAda : ___ tattvopaplavasiMha eka khaNDanagrantha hai| isameM pramANa, prameya Adi tattvoMkA upaplava hI nirUpita hai| isake kartA jayarAzi bhaTTa hai / ve digambaroM dvArA AtmA aura sukhAdikA bhedAbheda mAnanemeM Apatti uThate hai ki "ekatva arthAt ekasvabhAvatA / ekasvabhAvatA mAnanepara nAnAsvabhAvatA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki donoMmeM virodha hai / usIko nitya aura usIko 'anitya kase kahA jA sakatA hai ? pararUpase asattva aura svarUpase sattva mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki-vastu to eka hai / yadi use abhAva kahate hai to bhAva kyA hogA ? yadi pararUpase abhAva kahA jAtA hai; to svarUpakI taraha ghaTameM pararUpakA bhI praveza ho jAyagA / isa taraha saba sarvarUpa ho jaayge| yadi pararUpakA abhAva kahate haiN| to jaba pararUpakA abhAva hai to vaha anupalabdha huA, taba Apa usa pararUpake draSTA kaise hue ? aura kaise usakA abhAva kara sakate haiM ? yadi kahA jAya ki pararUpase vastu nahIM milatI ataH parakA sadbhAva nahIM hai, to abhAvarUpase bhI nizcaya nahIM hai ataH parakA abhAva nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi pararUpase vastu upalabdha hotI hai to abhAvagrAhI jJAnase abhAva ho sAmane rahegA, phira bhAvakA jJAna nahIM ho skegaa|" Adi / 1. " eka hIdaM vastUpalabhyate / taccedabhAvaH kimidAnI bhAvo bhaviSyati ? tadyadi pararUpatayA bhAvaH; tadA ghaTasya paTarUpatA prApnoti / yathA pararUpatayA bhAvatve'GgokriyamANe pararUpAnupravezaH tathA abhAvatve'pyaGgIkriyAmANe pararUpAnupraveza eva, tatazca sarva sarvAtmakaM syAt / atha pararUpasya bhAvaH, tadavirodhi tvekatvaM tasyAbhAvaH / nahi tasmin sati bhavAn tasyAnupalabdhedRSTA, anyathA hi Atmano'pyabhAvo bhavet / atha AtmasattA'virodhitvena svAtmano'bhAvo na bhavatyeva; parasattAvirodhitvAt parasyApyabhAvo na bhavati / athAparAkAratayA nopalabhyate tena parasya bhAvo na bhavati, abhAvAkAratayA cAnupalabdheH parasyAbhAvopi na bhavet / atha abhAvAkAratayA upalabhyate; tadA bhAvo'nyo nAsti, abhAvAkArAntaritavAt ,a bhAvasvabhAvAvagAhinA avabodhena abhAva eva cotito na bhAvaH / ..." -tattvopa0 pR0 77-79 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 553 yaha eka sAmAnya mAnyatA rUr3ha hai ki eka vastu aneka kaise ho sakatI hai ? para jaba vastukA svarUpa hI asaMkhya virodhoMkA Akara hai taba usase inakAra kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? eka ho AtmA harSa, viSAda, sukha, du:kha, jJAna, ajJAna Adi aneka paryAyoMko dhAraNa karanevAlA pratIta hotA hai / eka kAlameM vastu apane svarUpase hai yAnI usameM apanA svarUpa pAyA jAtA hai, parakA svarUpa nahIM / pararUpakA nAstitva yAnI usakA bheda to prakRta vastumeM mAnanA hI cAhiye, anyathA sva aura parakA vibhAga kaise hogA ? usa nAstitvakA nirUpaNa para padArtha kI dRSTise hotA hai, kyoMki parakA hI to nAstitva hai / jagata anyo'nyAbhAvarUpa hai / ghaTa ghaTetara yAvat padArthoMse bhinna hai / 'yaha ghaTa anya ghaToMse bhinna hai' isa bhedakA niyAmaka parakA nAstitva hI haiM / 'pararUpa usakA nahIM hai, isIliye to usakA nAstitva mAnA jAtA hai / yadyapi pararUpa vahA~ nahIM hai, para usako Aropita karake usakA nAstitva siddha kiyA jAtA hai ki 'yadi ghar3A paTAdirUpa hotA, to paTAdirUpase usakI upalabdhi honI cAhiye thI / ' para nahIM hotI, ataH siddha hotA hai ki ghar3A paTAdirUpa nahIM hai / yahI usakA ekatva yA kaivalya hai jo vaha svabhinna parapadArtharUpa nahIM hai / jisa samaya paranAstitvakI vivakSA hotI hai; usa samaya abhAva hI vasturUpa para chA jAtA hai, ataH vahI vahI dikhAI detA hai, usa samaya astitvAdi dharma gauNa ho jAte haiM aura jisa samaya astitva mukhya hotA hai usa samaya vastu kevala sadrUpa hI dikhatI hai, usa samaya nAstitva Adi gauNa ho jAte haiM / yahI anya bhaMgoM meM samajhanA cAhie / tattvopaplavakAra kisI bhI tattvakI sthApanA nahIM karanA cAhate, ataH unakI yaha zailI hai ki aneka vikalpa- jAlase vastusvarUpako mAtra vighaTita kara denA / antameM ve kahate haiM ki isa taraha upapluta tattvoM meM hI samasta jagatake vyavahAra avicAritaramaNIya rUpase calate rahate haiM / parantu anekAnta tattvameM jitane bhI vikalpa uThAe jAte haiM, unakA samA
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________________ 554 jainadarzana dhAna ho jAtA hai / usakA khAsa kAraNa yaha hai ki jahA~ vastu utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka evaM anantaguNa- paryAyavAlI hai vahIM vaha anantadharmose yukta bhI hai / usameM kalpita - akalpita sabhI dharmoMkA nirvAha hai aura tattvoplavavAdiyoM jaise vAvadUkoMkA uttara to anekAntavAdase hI sahI-sahI diyA jA sakatA hai / vibhinna apekSAoMse vastuko vibhinnarUpoMmeM dekhA jAnA hI anekAntatattvako rUparekhA hai / ye mahAzaya apane kuvikalpajAlameM masta hokara digambaroMko mUrkha kahate hue aneka bhaNDa vacana likhanemeM nahIM cUke ! tattvopaplavakAra yahI to kahanA cAhate haiM ki 'vastu na nitya ho sakatI hai, na anitya, na ubhaya, aura na avAcya / yAnI jitane ekAnta prakAroMse vastukA vivecana karate haiM una una rUpoMmeM vastukA svarUpa siddha nahIM ho pAtA / ' isakA sIdhA tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki 'vastu anekAntarUpa hai, usameM anantadharma hai / ataH use kisI ekarUpameM nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ' anekAntadarzanakI bhUmikA bhI yahI hai ki vastu mUlataH anantadharmAtmaka hai, usakA pUrNarUpa anirvacanIya hai, ataH usakA eka-eka dharmase kathana karate samaya syAdvAda-paddhatikA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye, anyathA tattvopaplavabAdI ke dvArA diye gaye dUSaNa AyeMge / yadi inhoMne vastu ke vidhe - yAtmaka rUpapara dhyAna diyA hotA, to ve svayaM anantadharmAtmaka svarUpapara pahu~ca hI jAte / zabdoMkI ekadharmavAcaka sAmarthya ke kAraNa jo ulajhana utpanna hotI hai usake nibaTArekA mArga hai syAdvAda / hamArA pratyeka kathana sApekSa honA cAhie aura use sunizcata vivakSA yA dRSTikoNakA spaSTa pratipAdana karanA cAhiye / zrIvyomaziva aura anekAntavAda : AcArya vyomaziva prazastapAdabhASyake prAcIna TIkAkAra haiM / ve anekAnta jJAnako mithyArUpa kahate samaya vyomavatI TIkA ( pR0 20 Ga )
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 555 meM vahI purAnI virodhavAlI dalIla dete hai ki "ekadharmImeM vidhi-pratiSedharUpa do virodho dharmoko sambhAvanA nahIM hai / muktimeM bhI anekAnta laganese vahI mukta bhI hogA aura vahI saMsArI bhii| isI taraha anekAntameM anekAnta mAnanese anavasthA dUSaNa AtA hai|" unheM socanA cAhiye ki jisa prakAra eka citra-avayavImeM citrarUpa eka hokara bhI aneka AkAravAlA hotA hai, eka hI pRthivItvAdi aparasAmAnya svavyaktiyoMmeM anugata honeke kAraNa sAmAnya hokara bhI jalAdise vyAvRtta honese vizeSa bhI kahA jAtA hai aura mecakaratna eka hokara bhI anekAkAra hotA hai, usI taraha eka hI dravya anekAntarUpa ho sakatA hai, usameM koI virodha nahIM hai / muktimeM bhI anekAnta laga sakatA hai / eka hI AtmA, jo anAdise baddha thA, vahI karmabandhanase mukta huA hai, ataH usa AtmAko vartamAna paryAyakI dRSTise mukta tathA atItaparyAyoMkI dRSTi se amukta kaha sakate haiM, isameM kyA virodha hai ? dravya to anAdi-ananta hotA hai| usameM traikAlika paryAyoMkI dRSTise aneka vyavahAra ho sakate hai / mukta karmabandhanase huA hai, svasvarUpase to vaha sadA amukta ( svarUpasthita ) hI hai / anekAntameM bhI anekAnta lagatA hI hai / nayako apekSA ekAnta hai aura pramANakI apekSA vastutattva anekAntarUpa hai / Atmasiddhi-prakaraNameM vyomazivAcArya AtmAko svasaMvenapratyakSakA viSaya siddha karate haiN| isa prakaraNameM jaba yaha prazna huA ki 'AtmA to kartA hai vaha usI samaya saMvedanakA karma kaise ho sakatA hai ?' to inhoMne isakA samAdhAna anekAntakA Azraya lekara hI isa prakAra kiyA hai 1. dekho, yahI grantha pR0 525 / 2. "athAtmanaH kartRtvAdekasmin kAle karmatvAsaMbhavenApratyakSatvam ; tanna; lakSaNamedena tadupapatteH tathAhi-zAnacikIrSAdhAratvasya karnulakSaNasyopapatteH kartRtvam , tadaiva ca kriyayA vyApyatvopalavdheH karmatvaM ceti na doSaH. lakSaNatantratvAd vstuvyvsthaayaaH|" -praza0 vyo0 pR0 392 /
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________________ 556 jainadarzana ki 'isameM koI virodha nahIM hai, lakSaNabhedase donoM rUpa ho sakate haiM / svataMtratvena vaha karttA hai aura jJAnakA viSaya honese karma hai / ' avirodhI aneka dharma mAnanemeM to inheM koI sIdhA virodha hai hI nahIM / zrIbhAskara bhaTTa aura syAdvAda : brahmasUtrake bhASyakAroMmeM bhAskara bhaTTa bhedAbhedavAdI mAne jAte haiM / inane apane bhASyameM zaMkarAcAryakA khaNDana kiyA hai / kintu "naikasminnasambhavAt " sUtrameM ArhatamatakI samIkSA karate samaya ye svayaM bhedAbhedavAdI hokara bhI zaMkarAcAryakA anusaraNa karake saptabhaMgImeM virodha aura anavadhAraNa nAmake dUSaNa dete haiM / ve kahate haiM ki "saba anekAntarUpa hai, aisA nizcaya karate ho yA nahIM ? yadi hA~, to yaha ekAnta ho gayA, aura yadi nahIM; to nizcaya bhI anizcayarUpa honese nizcaya nahIM raha jAyagA / ataH aise zAstrake praNetA tIrthaGkara unmattatulya haiM / " Azcarya hotA hai isa anUThe vivekapara ! jo svayaM jagaha-jagaha bhedAbhedAtmaka tattvakA samarthana usI paddhatise karate haiM jisa paddhatise jaina, ve hI anekAntakA khaNDana karate samaya saba bhUla jAte hai / maiM pahale likha cukA hU~ ki syAdvAdakA pratyeka bhaGga apane dRSTikoNase sunizcita hai / anekAnta bhI pramANadRSTise ( samagradRSTise ) anekAntarUpa hai aura nayadRSTise ekAntarUpa hai / isameM anizcaya yA anavadhAraNako kyA bAta hai ? eka strI apekSAbhedase 'mAtA bhI hai aura patnI bhI, vaha ubhayAtmaka hai' isameM usa kutarkIko kyA kahA jAya, jo yaha kahatA hai ki 'usakA ekarUpa nizcita kIjiye - yA to mAtA kahiye yA phira patnI ?' jaba hama usakA ubhayAtmakarUpa nizcitarUpase kaha rahe haiM, taba yaha kahanA ki 'ubhayAtmakarUpa bhI ubhAtmaka honA cAhiye; yAnI 'hama nizcita rUpase ubhayAtmaka nahIM kaha sakate; isakA sIdhA uttara hai ki 'vaha strI ubhayAtmaka hai, ekAtmaka
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 557 nahIM' isa rUpase ubhayAtmakatAmeM bhI ubhayAtmakatA hai| padArthakA pratyeka aMza aura usako grahaNa karanevAlA naya apanemeM sunizcita hotA hai / aba bhAskara-bhASya kA yaha zaMkA samAdhAna dekhieprazna-'bheda aura abhedameM' to virodha hai ? uttara-yaha pramANa aura prameyatattvako na samajhanevAleko zaMkA hai !....."jo vastu pramANase jisa rUpameM paricchinna ho, vaha usI rUpa hai ! gau, azva Adi samasta padArtha bhinnAbhinna hI pratIta hote haiM ! ve Age likhate haiM ki sarvathA abhinna yA bhinna padArtha koI dikhA nahIM sktaa| sattA, jJeyatva aura dravyatvAdi sAmAnyarUpase saba abhinna haiM aura vyaktirUpase paraspara vilakSaNa honeke kAraNa bhinna / jaba ubhayAtmaka vastu pratIta ho rahI hai, taba virodha kaisA? virodha yA avirodha pramANase hI to vyavasthApita kiye jAte haiN| yadi pratItike balase ekarUpatA nizcita kI jAtI hai to dvirUpatA bhI jaba pratIta hotI hai to use bhI mAnanA caahiye| 'ekako ekarUpa hI honA cAhiye' yaha koI IzvarAjJA nahIM hai / prazna-zIta aura uSNasparzako taraha bheda aura abhedameM virodha kyoM nahIM hai ? uttara-yaha ApakI buddhikA doSa hai, vastumeM koI virodha nahIM hai ? chAyA aura AtapakI taraha sahAnavasthAna virodha tathA zIta aura uSNakI taraha bhinnadezavartitvarUpa virodha kAraNabrahma tathA kAryaprapaMcameM nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha hI utpanna hotA hai, vahI avasthita hai aura vahI pralaya hotA hai| yadi virodha hotA, to ye tInoM nahIM bana sakate the| agnise 1. "yadapyuktaM bhedAmedayorvirodha iti; tadabhidhIyate, anirUpitapramANaprameyatattvasyedaM codyam / ....... yatpramANaiH paricchinnamaviruddhaM hi tttthaa| vastujAtaM gavAzvAdi bhinnAbhinnaM prtiiyte|"-bhaaskrbhaa0 pR0 16 /
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________________ 558 jainadarzana aMkurako utpatti AdirUpase kAryakAraNasambandha to nahIM dekhA jAtA / kAraNabhUta miTTI aura suvarNa Adise hI tajjanya kArya sarvadA anusyUta dekhe jAte haiM / ataH A~kheM banda karake jo yaha paraspara asaMgatirUpa virodha kahA jAtA hai vaha yA to buddhi-viparyAsake kAraNa kahA jAtA hai yA phira prArambhika zrotriyake kAnoMko Thaganeke lie / zIta aura upNa sparza hamezA bhinna AdhArameM rahate haiM, unameM na to kabhI utpAdya utpAdaka sambandha rahA hai aura na AdhArAdheyabhAva ho, ataH unameM virodha ho sakatA hai / ataH 'zItoSNavat' yaha dRSTAnta ucita nahIM hai / zaMkAkAra bar3I pragalbhatA - se kahatA hai ki -- zaMkA- 'yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa' isa saMzayajJAnakI taraha bhedAbhedajJAna apramANa kyoM nahIM hai ? uttara - parasparaparihAravAloMkA hI saha avasthAna nahIM ho sakatA / saMzayajJAnameM kisI bhI prameyakA nizcaya nahIM hotA, ataH vaha apramANa hai / kintu yahA~ to miTTI, suvarNa Adi kAraNa pUrvasiddha haiM, unase bAdameM utpanna honevAlA kArya tadAzrita hI utpanna hotA hai / kArya kAraNake samAna hI hotA hai / kAraNakA svarUpa naSTakara bhinna deza yA bhinna kAlameM kArya nahIM hotA / ataH prapaJcako mithyA kahanA ucita nahIM hai / kisI puruSakI apekSA vastumeM satyatA yA asatyatA nahIM AMkI jA sakatI ki 'mumukSutroMke liye prapaJca asatya hai aura itara vyaktiyoMke liye satya hai / ' rUpako andheke liye asatya aura AMkhavAleko satya nahIM kaha sakate / padArtha puruSakI icchAnusAra satya yA asatya nahIM hote / sUrya stuti karane - vAle aura nindAkarane vAle donoMko hI to tapAtA hai / yadi mumukSuoMke liye prapaJca mithyA ho aura anyake lie tathya; to ekasAtha tathya aura mithyAtvakA prasaMga hotA haiM / ......... 'ataH brahmako bhinnAbhinna rUpa mAnanA cAhiye / kahA bhI hai
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA "kAryarUpase aneka aura kAraNarUpase eka haiM, jaise ki kuMDala Adi paryAyoMse bheda aura suvarNarUpase abheda hotA hai|" isa taraha brahma aura prapaJcake bhedAbhedakA samarthana karanevAle AcArya jo ekAntavAdiyoMko 'prajJAparAdha, anirUpitapramANaprameya' Adi vicitra vizeSaNoMse sambodhita karate haiM, ve svayaM digambara-vivasana matakA khaMDana karate samaya kaise ina vizeSaNoMse baca sakate haiM ? pR0 103 meM phira brahmake eka hone para bhI jova aura prAjJake bhedakA kamarthana karate hue likhA hai ki "jisa prakAra pRthivotva samAna hone para bhI padmarAga tathA kSudra pASANa AdikA paraspara bheda dekhA jAtA hai usI taraha brahma aura jIvaprAjJameM bhI samajhanA caahiye| isameM koI virodha nahIM hai|" pR0 164 meM phira brahmake bhedAbheda rUpake samarthanakA siddhAnta duharAyA gayA hai| maine yahA~ jo bhAskarAcAryake brahmaviSayaka bhedAbhedakA prakaraNa upasthita kiyA hai, usakA itanA hI tAtparya hai ki 'bheda aura abhedameM paraspara virodha nahIM hai, eka vastu ubhayAtmaka ho sakatI hai| yaha bAta bhAskarAcAryako siddhAntarUpameM iSTa hai| unakA 'brahmako sarvathA nitya svIkAra karake aisA mAnanA ucita ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ?' yaha prazna yahA~ vicAraNIya nahIM hai| jo koI bhI taTastha vyakti uparyukta bhedAbhedaviSayaka zaMkA-samAdhAnake sAtha-hI-sAtha inake dvArA kiye gaye jainamatake khaMDanako par3hegA, vaha matAsahiSNutAke svarUpako sahaja hI samajha sakegA ! ____ yaha bar3e AzcaryakI bAta hai ki syAdvAdake bhaMgoMko ye AcArya 'anizcaya' ke khAtemeM turaMta khatayA dete hai ! aura 'mokSa hai bhI nahIM bhI' kahakara apravRttikA dUSaNa de baiThate haiM aura dUsaroMko unmatta taka kaha dete hai ! bhedAbhedAtmakatattvake samarthanakA vaijJAnika prakAra isa tattvake draSTA jaina AcAryose hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| yaha pariNAmI nitya padArthameM hI saMbhava hai, sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anityameM nahIM; kyoMki dravya svayaM
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________________ jainadarzana tAdAtmya hotA hai, ataH paryAyase abhinna honeke kAraNa dravya svayaM anitya hotA huA bhI apanI anAdyananta avicchinna dhArAkI apekSA dhruva yA nitya hotA hai| ataH bhedAbhedAtmaka yA ubhayAtmaka tattvako jo prakiyA, svarUpa aura samajhane-samajhAneko paddhati Arhata darzanameM vyavasthita rUpase pAI jAtI hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hI hai / zrIvijJAnabhikSu aura syAdvAda: brahmasUtrake vijJAnAmRta bhASya digambaroMke syAdvAdako avyavasthita batAte hue likhA hai ki "prakArabhedake binA do viruddha dharma ekasAtha nahIM raha sakate / yadi prakArabheda mAnA jAtA hai, to vijJAnabhikSujI kahate haiM ki hamArA hI mata ho gayA aura usameM saba vyavasthA bana jAtI hai, ataH Apa avyavasthita tattva kyoM mAnate haiM ?" kintu syAdvAda siddhAntameM apekSAbhedase prakArabhedakA asvIkAra kahA~ hai ? syAdvAdakA pratyeka bhaMga apane nizcita dRSTikoNase usa dharmakA avadhAraNa karake bhI vastuke anya dharmokI upekSA nahIM hone detA / eka nirvikAra brahmameM paramArthataH prakArabheda kaise bana sakate haiM ? anekAntavAda to vastumeM svabhAvasiddha anantadharma mAnatA hai| usameM avyavasthAkA lezamAtra nahIM haiN| una dharmokA vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse mAtra varNana hotA hai, svarUpa to unakA svataHsiddha hai| prakArabhedase kahIM eka sAtha do dharmoke mAna lenese hI vyavasthAkA ThekA nahIM liyA jA jA sakatA / anekAntatattvakI bhUmikA hI samasta virodhoMkA avirodhI AdhAra ho sakatI hai| 1. "apare vedabAhyA digambarA ekasminneva padArthe bhAvAbhAvau manyante... sarve vastvavyavasthitameva syAdasti syAnnAsti'atredamucyate; na; ekasmin ythoktbhaavaabhaavaadiruuptvmpi| kutA ? asambhavAt / prakArabhedaM binA viruddhayorekadA sahAvasthAnasaMsthAnAsambhavAt / prakArabhedAbhyupagame vAsmanmatapravezena sarvaiva byavasthAsti kathamabyavasthitaM jagadabhyugamyate bhavadbhirityarthaH |"-vijnyaanaamRtbhaa0 2 / 2 / 33 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 561 zrIzrIkaNThaM aura anekAntavAda : zrIkaNThAcArya apane zrIkaNThabhASyameM usI purAnI virodhavAlI dalolako duharAte hue kahate haiM ki "jaise piMDa, ghaTa aura kapAla avasthAeM eka sAtha nahIM ho sakatIM, usI taraha astitva aura nAstitva Adi dharma bhii|" parantu eka dravyakI kAlakramase honevAlI paryAya yugapat sambhava na hoM, to na sahI, para jisa samaya ghar3A svacatuSTayase 'sat' hai usI samaya use paTAdiko apekSA 'asat' honemeM kyA virodha hai ? piMDa, ghaTa aura kapAla paryAyoMke rUpase jo pudgalANu pariNata hoMge, una aNudravyoMkI dRSTise atItakA saMskAra aura bhaviSyakI yogyatA vartamAnaparyAyavAle dravyameM to hai hii| Apa 'syAt' zabdako ISadarthaka mAnate haiM / para 'ISat' se syAdvAdakA abhidheya ThIka pratiphalita nahIM hotA / 'syAn' kA vAcyArtha hai-'sunizcita daSTikoNa / ' zrIkaNThabhASyako TIkAmeM zrIapyayyadIkSita ko deza kAla aura svarUpa Adi apekSAbhedase aneka dharma svIkAra karanA acchA lagatA hai aura 1. "jaMnA hi saptabhaGgInyAyena syAcchabda ISadarthaH / etadayuktam ; kutaH ? ekasmina vastuni sattvAsattvanityatvAnityatvabhedAbhedAdInAmasaMbhavAt / paryAyabhAvinazca dravyasyAstitvanAstisvAdizabdavuddhiviSayAH parasparaviruddhAH piNTanvaghaTatvakapAlatvAdyavasthAvat yugapanna saMbhavanti / ato viruddha eva jainvaadH|" -zrIkaNThabhA0 2 / 2 / 33 / 2. "yadyevaM pAribhASikA'yaM saptabhaGgInayaH svIkriyata ev| ghaTAdiH svadeze'sti anyadeze nAsti, svakAle'sti anyakAle nAsti, svAtmanA asti anyAtmanA nAsti, iti dezakAlapratiyogirUpopAdhibhedena sattvAsattvasamAveze laukikaparIkSakANAM vipratipattyasaMbhavAt / na caitAvatA parAbhimataM vastvanaikAntyamApadyate-svakAle sadeva, anyakAle asadeva ityAdi niyamasya bhaGgAbhAvAt / sa deza iha nAsti, sa kAla idAnoM nAstItyAdipratItau dezakAlAdhupAdhyantarAbhAvAt, tatrApyupAdhyantarApekSaNe'navasthAnAt / itarAn aGgIkArayitu paraM guDajihikAnyAyena dezakAlAdyupAdhibhedamantarbhAvya sttvaasttvprtiitirupnysyte| vastuto vimRzyamAnA sA nirupAdhikaiva sattvAsattvAdisaMkare pramANam / ata eva syAdvAdinA 'ghaTo'sti ghaTI nAsti paTaH san paTo'san' ityAdi pratyakSapratItimeva satvAsatvAcanaikAntye pramANamupagacchanti,. parasparaviruddhadharmasamAveze sarvAnubhavasiddha. stAvadupAdhibhedo nApahnotu shkyte| lokamaryAdAmanatikramamANena dezakAlAdisattva
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________________ 562 jainadarzana 'apekSAbhedase aneka dharma svIkAra karanemeM laukika aura parIkSakoMko koI vivAda nahIM ho sakatA / ' yaha bhI ve mAnate hai, parantu phira hicaka kara kahate hai ki 'saptabhaMgIkA yaha svarUpa jainoMko iSTa nahIM hai / ' ve yaha Aropa karate hai ki 'syAdvAdI to apekSAbhedase aneka dharma nahIM mAnate kintu binA apekSA hI aneka dharma mAnate hai / ' Azcarya hai ki ve AcArya anantavIrya kRta --- " tadvidhAnavivakSAyAM syAdastIti gatirbhavet / syAnnAstIti prayogaH syAttanniSedhe vivakSite / " ityAdi kArikAoMko uddhRta bhI karate hai aura syAdvAdiyoMpara yaha Aropa bhI karate jAte hai ki 'syAdvAdI binA apekSAke hI saba dharma mAnate hai / ' ina spaSTa pramANoM ke hote hue bhI ye kahate haiM ki 'dUsaroke gale utAraneke liye jaina loga apekSArUpI gur3a caTA dete hai, vastutaH ve apekSA mAnate nahIM hai, ve to nirupAdhi sattva asattva aura mAnanA cAhate hai / ' isa mithyA Aropake liye kyA kahA jAya ? aura isI AdhArapara ve kahate hai ki 'strI mAtA, patnI Adi ApekSika vyavahAra na honese syAdvAdameM lokavirodha hogA / ' bhalA, jo dUSaNa syAdvAdI ekAntavAdiyoMko dete hai ve hI dUSaNa jainoMko jabaradastI diye jA rahe hai, isa andherakA koI ThikAnA hai ! jaino ke saMkhyAbaddha grantha isa syAdvAda aura saptabhaGgIkI vividha apekSAoMse bhare par3e hai aura isakA vaijJAnika vivecana bhI vahIM milatA hai / phira bhI unhIke matthe ye saba dUSaNa mar3he jA rahe hai aura yahA~ taka likhA jA rahA hai ki yaha lokavirodhI syAdvAda sarvataH bahiSkArya hai ! kimAzcaryamataH niSedhe'pi dezakAlAdyupAdhyavacchedaH anubhUyata eva / ihAtmAzrayaH, parasparAzrayaH, anavasthA vA na doSaH, yathA prameyatvAbhidheyatvAdivRttau yathA ca bIjAGkurAdikAryakAraNabhAve viruddhadharmasamAveze / sarvathopAdhibhedaM pratyAcakSANasya cAyamasyAH putraH asyAH patiH, asyAH pitA asyAzzvasura ityAdivyavasthApi na siddhyediti kathaM tatra tatra syAdvAde mAtRtvAdyucita vyavahArAn vyavasthayA'nutiSThet / tasmAt sarvabahiSkAryo'yamanekAntavAdaH / " - zrIkaNThabhA0 TI0 pR0 103 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 563 param !! isakI lokAvirodhitA AdikI siddhike liye isa 'syAdvAda aura saptabhaGgI' prakaraNameM paryApta likhA gayA hai / zrIrAmAnujAcArya aura syAvAda : zrI rAmAnujAcArya bhI syAhAdameM usI taraha nirupAdhi yA nirapekSa sattvAsattvakA Aropa karake virodha dUSaNa dete hai| ve syAdvAdiyoMko samajhAnekA sAhasa karate haiM ki "Apa loga prakArabhedase dharmabheda maaniye|" goyA syAdvAdI apekSAbhedako nahIM samajhate hoM, yA eka hI dRSTi se vibhinna dharmokA sadbhAva mAnate hoN| apekSAbheda, upAdhibheda yA prakArabhedake AviSkAraka AcAryoMko unhIMkA upadeza denA kahA~ taka zobhA detA hai ? syAdvAdakA to AdhAra hI yaha hai ki vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse aneka dharmoko svIkAra karanA aura khnaa| saca pUMchA jAya to syAdvAdakA AzrayaNa kiye binA ye viziSTAdvaitatAkA nirvAha nahIM kara sakate hai| zrIvallabhAcArya aura syAdvAda : zrIvallabhAcArya bhI vivasana-samayameM prAcIna paramparAke anusAra virodha dUSaNa hI upasthita karate hai / ve kahanA cAhate hai ki "vastutaH viruddhadharmAntaratva brahmame hI pramANasiddha ho sakatA hai / " 'syAt' zabdakA artha inhoMne 'abhISTa kiyA hai| Azcarya to yaha hai ki brahmako nirvikAra 1. "dravyasya tadvizeSaNabhUtaparyAyazabdAbhidheyAvasthAvizeSasya ca 'idamityam' iti pratIteH, prakAriprakAratayA pRthak padArthatvAt naikasmin viruddhaprakArabhUtasattvAsattvasvarUpadharmasamAvezo yugapat saMbhavati "ekasya pRthivIdravyasya ghaTatvAzrayatvaM zarAvatvAzrayatvaM ca pradezabhedena natvekena pradezenobhayAzrayatvaM, yathaikasya devadattasya utpattivinAzayogyatvaM kAlabhedena / na ghetAvatA dvayAtmakatvamapi tu pariNAmazaktiyogamAtram / " -vedAntadIpa pR0 111-12 2. 'te hi antaniSThAH prapaJce udAsInAH saptavibhaktoH parecchayA vadanti / syAccha do'bhISTavacanaH / tadvirodhenAsambhavAdayuktam / ' -aNubhA0 2 / 2 / 33 /
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________________ 564 jainadarzana mAnakara bhI ye usameM ubhayarUpatA vAstavika mAnanA cAhate haiM aura jisa syAdvAdameM viruddha dharmokI vastutaH sApekSa sthiti banatI hai usameM virodha dUSaNa dete haiM ! brahmako avikArI kahakara bhI ye usakA jagatake rUpase pariNamana kahate haiN| kuMDala, kaTaka Adi AkAroMmeM pariNata hokara bhI suvarNako avikArI mAnanA inhIMkI pramANapaddhatimeM hai / bhalA suvarNa jaba paryAyoMko dhAraNa karatA hai taba vaha avikArI kaise raha sakatA hai ? parvarUpakA tyAga kiye binA uttarakA upAdAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? 'brahmako jaba ramaNa karanekI icchA hotI hai taba ve apane Ananda Adi guNoMkA tirobhAva karake jIvAdirUpase pariNata hote haiN|' yaha avirbhAva aura tirobhAva bhI pUrvarUpakA tyAga aura uttarake upAdAnakA hI vivecana hai / ataH inakA syAdvAdameM dUSaNa denA bhI anucita hai| zrInimbArkAcArya aura anekAntavAda : brahmasUtrake bhASyakAroMmeM nimbArkAcArya svabhAvataH bhedAbhedavAdI haiM / ve svarUpase cit, acit aura brahmapadArthameM dvaitazrutiyoMke AdhArase bheda mAnate hai| kintu cit, acitkI sthiti aura pravRtti brahmAdhIna hI honese ve brahmase abhinna haiM / jaise patra, puSpAdi svarUpase bhinna hokara bhI vRkSase pRthaka pravRttyAdi nahIM karate, ataH vRkSase abhinna haiM, usI taraha jagata aura brahmakA bhedAbheda svAbhAvika hai, yahI zruti, smRti aura sUtrase samarthita hotA hai| isa taraha ye svAbhAvika bhedAbhedavAdI hokara bhI jainoMke anekAntameM sattva aura asattva do dharmoko virodhadoSake bhayase nahIM mAnanA cAhate', yaha bar3e AzcaryakI bAta hai ! jaba isake TokAkAra zrInivAsAcAryase prazna kiyA gayA ki 'Apa bhI to brahmameM bhedAbheda mAnate ho, 1. "jainA vastumAtram astitva nAstitvAdinA viruddhadharmadvayaM yojayanti; tannopapadyate; ekasmin vastuni sattvAsatvAdeviruddhadharmasya chAyAtapavat yugapadasaMbhavAt / " -brahmasU0 ni0 bhA0 // 2 // 33 / 2. "nanu bhavanmate'pi ekasmim dharmiNi viruddhadharmadvayAGgIkAro'sti, tathA sarva khalvidaM brahma ityAdiSu ekatvaM prtipaadyte| pradhAnakSetrazapatirguNezaH dvAsuparNA ityAdAvanekaJca pratipAdyate, iti cet ; na; asyArthasya yuktimUlatvAbhAvAt , zrutibhireva parasparAvirodhena
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 565 usameM virodha kyoM nahI AtA? to ve baDI zraddhAse uttara dete hai ki 'hamArA mAnanA yuktise nahI hai, kintu brahmake bhedAbhedakA nirNaya zrutime hI ho jAtA hai|' yAnI zrutise yadi bhedAbhedakA pratipAdana hotA hai, to ye mAnaneko taiyAra hai, para yadi vahI bAta koI yuktise siddha karatA hai, to usame inhe virodhako gandha AtI hai| padArthake svarUpake nirNayame lAghava aura gauravakA prazna uThAnA anucita hai, jaise ki eka brahmako kAraNa mAnaneme lAghava hai aura aneka paramANuoko kAraNa mAnaneme gaurava / vastuko vyavasthA pratItise kI jAnI cAhiye / 'aneka samAna svabhAvavAle siddhoko svatantra mAnaneme gaurava hai aura eka siddha mAnakara usIko upAsanA karaneme lAghava hai' yaha kutarka bhI isI prakArakA hai; kyoki vastusvarUpakA nirNaya suvidhA aura asuvidhAkI dRSTise nahIM hotaa| phira jainamatame upAsanAkA prayojana siddhoko khuza karanA nahIM hai / ve to vItarAga siddha hai, unakA pramAda upAsanAkA sAdhya nahIM hai, kintu prArambhika avasthAme cittame AtmAke zuddhatama Adarza rUpakA Alambana lekara upAsanAvidhi prArambha ko jAtI hai, jo AgekI dhyAnAdi avasthAome apane Apa chUTa jAtI hai| bhedAbheda-vicAra : ___ 'aneka dRSTiyose vastusvarUpakA vicAra karanA' yaha anekAntakA sAmAnya svarUpa hai / bha0 mahAvIra aura buddha ke samayame hI nahI, kintu usase pahale bhI vastusvarUpako aneka dRSTiyose varNana karanekI paramparA thii| RgvedakA 'ekaM sadviprA bahudhA vadanti' (2 / 3 / 23,46) yaha vAkya isI abhiprAyako sUcita karatA hai| buddha vibhajyavAdI the| ve praznokA uttara ekAMzame 'hAM' yA 'nA' me na dekara anekAMzika rUpase dete the| yathArtha nirNotatvAt ''itthaM jagadbrahmaNormeMdAmedau svAbhAviko zrutismRtisUtrasAdhitau bhavataH, ko'tra virodhaH |"-nimbaarkmaa0 TI0 2 / 2 / 33 /
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________________ 566 jainadarzana jina praznoMko unane avyAkRta kahA hai unhe anekAMzika bhI kahA hai| jo vyAkaraNIya hai, unhe 'ekAMzika-arthAt sunizcitarUpame jinakA uttara ho sakatA hai', kahA hai, jaise dukha Aryamatya hai hii| buddhane praznavyAkaraNa cAra prakArakA batAyA hai-( dIrghAna0 33 saMgItipariyAya ) ekAMzavyAkaraNa, pratipRcchA vyAkaraNIya prazna, vibhajya vyAkaraNIya prazna aura sthApanIya prazna / ina cAra praznavyAkaraNome vibhajyavyAkaraNIya praznameM eka ho vastukA vibhAga karake umakA aneka dRSTiyose varNana kiyA jAtA hai / ____ bAdarAyaNake brahmasUtrame ( 1 / 4 / 20-21 ) AcArya Azmarathya aura auDulomikA mata AtA hai| ye bhedAbhedavAdI the, brahma tathA jIvame bhedAbhedakA samarthana karate the| zaMkarAcAryane bRhadAraNyakabhASya ( 2 / 3 / 6 ) meM bhedAbhedavAdI bhartRprapaJcake matakA khaMDana kiyA hai| ye brahma aura jagatameM vAstavika ekatva aura nAnAtva mAnate the| zaMkarAcAryake bAda bhAskarAcArya to bhedAbhedavAdIke rUpame prasiddha hI hai / sAMkhya prakRtiko pariNAmI nitya mAnate hai| vaha kAraNarUpase eka hokara bhI apane vikAroMkI dRSTise aneka hai, nitya hokara bhI anitya hai| ___yogazAstrame isI taraha pariNAmavAdakA samarthana hai| pariNAmakA lakSaNa bhI yogabhASya ( 3113 ) me anekAntarUpase hI kiyA hai / yathA'avasthitasya dravyasya pUrvadharmanivRttau dharmAntarotpattiH prinnaamH|' arthAt sthiradravyake pUrvadharmako nivRtti honepara nUtana dharmakI utpatti honA pariNAma hai| 1. "katame ca poTThapAda mayA anekaMsikA dhammA desitA paJattA ? sassatA loko tti vA poTThapAda mayA anekasiko dhammo desito pnyjtto| asassato lokotti kho poTThapAda mayA anekasiko..."-dIghani0 poTThapAdasutta / 2. "dayo ceyaM nityatA-kUTasthanityatA, pariNAminityatA ca / tatra kUTasthanityatA puruSasya, pariNAminityatA guNAnAm / " -yogada0 vyAsabhA0 1 / 4 / 33 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 567 bhaTTa kumArila to AtmavAda' ( zlo0 28 ) me AtmAkA vyAvRtti aura anugama ubhaya rUpase samarthana karate hai| ve likhate hai ki yadi AtmAkA atyanta nAza mAnA jAtA hai to kRtanAza aura akRtAgama dUpaNa AtA hai aura yadi use ekarUpa mAnA jAnA hai to mugva-duHkha AdikA upabhoga nahIM bana sakatA / avasthAeM svarUpane paraspara virodhI hai, phira bhI unameM eka sAmAnya avirodhI rUpa bhI hai| isa taraha AnmAubhayAtmaka hai / " ( AtmavAda zlo0 23-30) / ____ AcArya hemacandrane vItarAgastotra ( 818-10 ) me bahuta sundara likhA hai ki "vijJAnasyekamAkAraM nAnAkArakarambitam / icchaMstathAgataH prAjJo nAnekAntaM pratikSipet / / 8 / / " arthAt eka jJAnako anekAkAra mAnanevAle mamajhadAra bauddhoMko anekAntakA pratikSepa nahIM karanA cAhiye / "citramekamanekaM ca rUpaM prAmANikaM vadan / yogo vaizeSiko vApi nAnekAntaM pratikSipet // 9 // " arthAt aneka AkAravAle eka citrarUpako mAnanevAle naiyAyika aura vaizeSikako anekAntakA pratikSepa nahIM karanA caahiye| "icchan pradhAnaM sattvAdyarviddhaigumphitaM guNaiH / sAMkhyaH saMkhyAvatAM mukhyo nAnekAntaM prtikssipet||1||" arthAt eka pradhAna ( prakRti ) ko mattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMvAlI mAnanevAle samajhadAra sAMkhyako anekAntakA pratikSepa nahIM karanA caahiye| ___ isa taraha sAmAnyarUpase brAhmaNaparasparA, mAMkhya-yoga aura bauddhoMmeM bhI aneka dRSTise vastuvicArakI paramparA hone para bhI kyA kAraNa hai jo anekAntavAdIke rUpame jainoMkA hI ullekha vizeSa rUpase huA hai aura ve hI isa zabdake dvArA pahicAne jAte hai ? 1. "tasmAdubhayahAnena vyAvRtyanugamAtmakaH / puruSo'bhyupagantavyaH kuNDalAdiSu sarpavatU ||18||"-mo0 zlo0 /
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________________ jainadarzana isakA khAsa kAraNa hai ki 'vedAnta paramparAmeM jo bhedakA ullekha huA hai, vaha aupacArika yA upAdhinimittaka hai / bheda hone para bhI ve brahmako nirvikAra hI kahanA cAhate hai / sAMkhyake pariNAmavAda meM vaha pariNAma avasthA yA dharya taka hI sImita hai, prakRti to nitya banI rahatI hai / kumArila bhedAbhedAtmaka kahakara bhI dravyakI nityatAko chor3anA nahIM cAhate, ve AtmAmeM bhale hI isa prakriyAko lagA gaye hai, para zabdake nityatva ke prasaMgame to unane usakI ekAnta - nityatAkA ho samarthana kiyA hai / ataH anya matoMme jo anekAntadRSTikA kahI-kahIM avasara pAkara ullekha huA hai usake pIche tAttvikaniSThA nahIM hai / para jaina tattvajJAnakI 568 yaha AdhAra - zilA hai aura pratyeka padArtha ke pratyeka svarUpake vivecana meM isakA nirapavAda upayoga huA hai / inane dravyAthika aura paryAyArthika donoMko samAnarUpase vAstavika mAnA hai / inakA anityatva kevala paryAya taka hI sImita nahIM hai kintu usase abhinna dravya bhI svayaM tadrUpase pariNata hotA hai / paryAyoMko chor3akara dravya koI bhinna padArtha nahIM hai / 'syAdvAda aura anekAnta dRSTikA kahA~ kaise upayoga karanA' isI viSaya para jainadarzana meM anekoM grantha bane hai aura usakI sunizcita vaijJAnika paddhati sthira kI gaI hai, jaba ki anya matoMme isakA kevala sAmayika upayoga hI huA hai| balki isa gaThabaMdhana se jainadRSTikA viparyAsa ho huA hai aura usake khaMDana meM usake svarUpako anya matoMke svarUpake sAtha milAkara eka ajIva guTAlA ho gayA hai / "bauddha granthoMye bhedAbhedAtmakatAke khaMDana ke prasaMga meM jaina aura jaiminikA eka sAtha ullekha hai tathA vipra, nirgrantha aura kApilakA eka hI rUpameM nirdeza huA hai / jaina aura jaiminikA abhAva padArtha ke viSaya meM dRSTikoNa milatA hai, kyoMki kumArila bhI bhAvAntararUpa hI abhAva mAnate haiM; para 1. "tena yaduktaM jainajaiminIyaiH sarvAtmakamekaM syAdanyApohavyatikrame / " - pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 143 / "ko nAmAtizayaH proktaH vipranirgranthakApilaiH / " - tatvasaM 0 zlo0 1776 /
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 569 itane mAtrase atekAntako virAsatakA sArvatrika nirvAha karane vAloMmeM unakA nAma nahIM likhA jA sktaa| sAMkhyako prakRti to eka aura nitya banI rahatI hai aura pariNamana mahadAdi vikAroM taka sImita hai / isaliye dharmakItikA dahI aura U~TameM eka prakRtiko dRSTise abhedaprasaMgakA dUSaNa jama jAtA hai, parantu yaha dUSaNa anekadravyavAdI jainoMpara lAga nahIM hotaa| kintu dUSaNa denevAle itanA viveka to nahIM karate, ve to sarasaro taurase paramatako ukhAr3anekI dhunameM eka hI jhapaTTA mArate hai| tattvasaMgrahakArane jo vipra, nirgranya aura kApiloMko eka hI sAtha khadeDa diyA hai, vaha bhI isa aMzame ki kalpanAracita vicitra dharma tInoM svIkAra karate hai / kintu nigranthaparamparAme dharmokI sthiti to svabhAvika hai, unakA vyavahAra kevala parApekSa hotA hai / jaise eka hI puruSameM pitRtva aura putratva dharma svAbhAvika hai, kintu pitRvyavahAra apane putrako apekSA hotA hai tathA putravyavahAra apane pitAkI dRSTise / eka hI dharmIme vibhinna apekSAoMse do viruddha vyavahAra kiye jA sakate hai / ___ isI taraha vedAntake AcAryone jainatattvakA viparyAsa karake yaha mAna liyA ki jainakA dravya nitya ( kUTasthanitya ) banA rahatA hai, kevala paryAyeM anitya hotI hai, aura phira virodhakA dUSaNa de diyA hai / sattva aura asattva ko yA to apekSAbhaMdake binA mAne hue aropita kara, dUSaNa diye gaye hai yA phira sAmAnyatayA virodhakA khaDga calA diyA gayA hai| vedAnta bhASyome eka 'nitya siddha' jIva bhI mAnakara dUpaNa diye hai| jaba ki jainadharma kisI bhI AtmAko nityasiddha nahIM maantaa| saba AtmAe~ bandhanoMko kATakara hI sAdimukta hue hai aura hoNgeN| saMzayAdi dUSaNoMkA uddhAra : uparyukta vivecanase jJAta ho gayA hogA ki syAdvAdameM mukhyatayA virodha aura saMzaya ye do dUSaNa hI diye gaye hai| tattvasaMgrahameM saMkara tathA
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________________ 570 jainadazana zrIkaMThabhASyameM anavasthA dUpaNakA bhI nirdeza hai / parantu ATha dUSaNa eka hI sAtha kisI granthameM dekhaneko nahIM mile| dharmakIrti Adine virodha dUSaNa hI mukhyarUpase diyA hai / vastutaH dekhA jAya to virodha hI samasta dUpaNoMkA AdhAra hai| ___ jaina granthoM meM sarvaprathama akalaMkadevane saMzaya, virodha, vaiyadhikaraNya, saMkara vyatikara, anavasthA, apratipatti aura abhAva ina ATha dUSaNoMkA parihAra pramANasaMgraha ( pR0 103 ) aura aSTazatI ( aSTasaha0 pR0 206 ) meM kiyA hai / virodha dUpaNa to anupalambhake dvArA siddha hotA hai / java eka hI vastu utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpame tathA sadasadAtmaka rUpase pratItikA viSaya hai taba virodha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaise mecakaratna eka hokara bhI aneka raGgoMko yugapat dhAraNa karatA hai usI taraha pratyeka vastu virodhI aneka dharmoko dhAraNa kara sakatI hai| jaise pRthivItvAdi aparasAmAnya svavyaktiyoMmeM anugata honeke kAraNa sAmAnyarUpa hokara bhI jalAdise vyAvartaka honese vizeSa bhI hai, usI taraha pratyeka vastu virodhI do dharmoMkA svabhAvataH AdhAra rahatI hai| jisa prakAra eka hI vRkSa eka zAkhAmeM calAtmaka tathA dUmarI zAkhAmeM acalAtmaka hotA hai, eka hI ghar3A muMharepara lAlaraGgakA tathA peMdemeM kAle raGgakA hotA hai, eka pradezameM AvRta tathA dUsare pradezameM anAvRta, eka dezase naSTa tathA dUsare dezase anaSTa raha sakatA hai, usI taraha pratyeka vastU ubhayAtmaka hotI hai| isameM virodhako koI avakAza nahIM hai / yadi eka hI dRSTise virodhI do dharma mAne jAte, to virodha hotaa| jaba donoM dharmokI apane dRSTikoNoMse sarvathA nizcita pratIti hotI hai, taba saMzaya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? saMzayakA AkAra to hotA hai'vastu hai yA nahIM ?' parantu syAdvAdameM to dRr3ha nizcaya hotA hai 'vastu svarUpase hai ho, pararUpase nahIM hI hai|' samagna vastu ubhayAtmaka hai hI / calita pratItiko saMzaya kahate haiM, usakI dRr3ha nizcayameM sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sktii|
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________________ syAdvAda-mImAMsA 571 maMkara dUSaNa to taba hotA, jaba jisa dRSTikoNase sthiti mAnI jAtI hai usI dRSTikoNase utpAda aura vyaya bhI mAne jaate| donoMkI apekSAe~ judI-judI hai| vastumeM do dharmoko to bAta hI kyA hai, ananta dharmokA saMkara ho rahA hai; kyoMki kimI bhI dharmakA jadA-jadA pradeza nahIM hai| ekahI akhaMDa vastu sabhI dharmokA avibhakta AmeDita AdhAra hai| mabakI eka hI dRSTise yugapat prApti hotI, to maMkara dUpaNa hotA, para yahA~ apekSAbheda, dRSTibheda aura vivakSAbheda munizcita hai / vyatikara paraspara viSayagamanase hotA hai| yAnI jima taraha vastu dravyakI dRSTise nitya hai to usakA paryAyakI dRSTime bhI nitya mAna lenA yA paryAyakI dRSTise anitya hai to dravyakI daSTime bhI anitya mAnanA / parantu jaba apekSAe~ nizcita hai, dharmome bheda hai, taba ima prakArake parampara viSayagamanakA prazna hI nahIM hai| akhaMDa dharmIkI daSTise to saMkara aura vyatikara dUSaNa nahIM, bhUSaNa hI hai| isIliye vaiyadhikaraNyakI bAta bhI nahI hai: kyoki mabhI dharma eka hI AdhArame pratIta hote hai| ve eka AdhArame honese hI eka nahIM ho sakate; kyoki eka hI AkAzapradedAmpa AdhArame jIva, pudgala Adi chahoM dravyoMkI sattA pAI jAtI hai, para saba eka nahIM hai| dharmame anya dharma nahIM mAne jAte, ataH anavasthAkA pramaMga bhI vyartha hai| vastu trayAtmaka hai na ki utpAdatrayAtmaka yA vyayatrayAtmaka yA sthititrayAtmaka / yadi dharmome dharma lagate to anavasthA hotii| isa taraha dharmoko ekarUpa mAnanese ekAntatvakA pramaMga nahIM uThanA cAhiye; kyoki vastu anekAntarUpa hai, aura mamyagekAntakA anekAntase koI virodha nahIM hai| jisa samaya utpAdako utpAdarUpase asti aura vyayarUpase nAsti kahege usa samaya utpAda dharma na rahakara dharmI bana jaaygaa| dharma-dharmibhAva sApekSa hai| jo apane AdhArabhUta dharmIkI apekSA dharma hotA hai vahI apane AdheyabhUta dharmokI apekSA dharmI bana jAtA hai| jaba vastu uparyukta rUpase lokavyavahAra tathA pramANase nirbAdha pratItikA viSaya ho rahI hai taba use anavadhAraNAtmaka, avyavasthita yA apratIta kahanA bhI sAhasakI hI bAta hai| aura jaba pratIta hai taba abhAva to ho hI nahIM sktaa|
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________________ 572 jainadarzana isa taraha ina ATha doSoMkA parihAra akalaMka, haribhadra, siMhagaNikSamAzraNa Adi sabhI AcAryoMne vyavasthita rUpase kiyA hai / vastutaH binA samajhe aise dUSaNa dekara jaina tattvajJAnake sAtha vizeSataH syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgIke svarUpake sAtha bar3A anyAya huA hai / bha0 mahAvIra apane meM anantadharmA vastuke sambandhameM vyavasthita aura pUrNa nizcayavAdI the | unane na kevala vastukA anekAntasvarUpa hI batAyA kintu usake jAnane dekhane ke upAya - nayadRSTiyA~ aura usake pratipAdanakA prakAra ( syAdvAda ) bhI btaayaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana granthoMmeM upeyatattva ke svarUpanirUpaNake sAtha-hI-sAtha upAyatattvakA bhI utanA ho vistRta aura sAGgopAGga varNana milatA hai / ataH syAdvAda na to saMzayavAda hai, na kadAcitvAda, na kiMcitvAda, na saMbhavavAda aura na abhISTavAda; kintu kharA apekSAprayukta nizcayavAda hai / ise saMskRta meM 'kathaJcitvAda' zabdase kahA hai, jo eka sunizcita dRSTikoNakA pratIka hai / yaha saMjayake ajJAna yA vikSepavAdase to hargija nahIM nikalA hai; kintu saMjayako jina bAtoMkA ajJAna thA aura buddha jina praznoMko avyAkRta kahate the, una sabakA sunizcita dRSTikoNoMse nizcaya karanevAlA apekSAvAda hai / samanvayakI pukAra : Aja bhArataratna DaoN0 bhagavAnadAsajI jaise manISI samanvayako AvAja bulanda kara rahe hai / unane apane 'darzanakA prayojana', 'samanvaya' Adi granthoMmeM isa samanvaya-tattvakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai / kintu vastuko anantadharmA mAne binA tathA syAdvAda - paddhati se usakA vicAra kiye binA samanvaya ke sahI svarUpako nahIM pAyA jA sakatA / jaina darzanakI bhAratIya saMskRtiko yahI parama dena hai jo isane vastuke virAT svarUpako sApekSa dRSTikoNa se dekhanA sikhaayaa| jainAcAryone isa samanvaya-paddhatipara hI saMkhyAbaddha grantha likhe hai / AzA hai isa ahiMsAghAra, aura mAnasa ahiMsAke amRtamaya prANabhUta syAdvAdakA jIvanako saMvAdI banAne yathocita upayoga kiyA jAyagA /
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________________ 11. jainadarzana aura vizvazAnti vizvazAntike liye jina vicArasahiSNutA, samajhautekI bhAvanA, varNa, jAti raMga aura deza Adike bhedake binA sabake samAnAdhikArakI svIkRti, vyaktisvAtantrya aura dUsareke Antarika mAmalo me hastakSepa na karanA Adi mUlabhUta AdhArokI apekSA hai unheM dArzanika bhUmikApara prastuta karanekA kArya jainadarzanane bahuta pahalese kiyA hai / usane apanI anekAntadRSTise vicArane kI dizAme udAratA, vyApakatA aura sahiSNutAkA aisA pallavana kiyA hai, jisase vyakti dUsareke dRSTikoNako bhI vAstavika aura tathyapUrNa mAna sakatA hai / isakA svAbhAvika phala hai ki samajhaute - kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai / jaba taka hama apane hI vicAra aura dRSTikoNako vAstavika aura tathya mAnate hai taba taka dUsare ke prati Adara aura prAmANikatAkA bhAva hI nahIM ho pAtA / ataH anekAntadRSTi dUsaroMke dRSTikoNake prati sahiSNutA, vAstavikatA aura samAdarakA bhAva utpanna karatI hai / jainadarzana ananta AtmavAdI hai / vaha pratyeka AtmAko mUlame samAnasvabhAva aura samAnadharmavAlA mAnatA hai / uname janmanA kisI jAtibheda yA adhikAra bhedako nahIM maantaa| vaha ananta jar3apadArtho kA bhI svatantra astitva mAnatA hai / isa darzanane vAstavabahutvako mAnakara vyaktisvAtantryakI sAdhAra svIkRti dI hai / vaha eka dravyake pariNamanapara dUsare dravyakA adhikAra nahIM maantaa| ataH kisI bhI prANIke dvArA dUsare prANIkA zoSaNa, nirdalana yA svAyattIkaraNa hI anyAya hai / kisI cetanakA anya jar3apadArthoko apane adhIna karanekI ceSTA karanA bhI anaSikAraceSTA hai / isI taraha kisI deza yA rASTrakA dUsare deza yA rASTrako apane AdhIna karanA, use apanA upaniveza banAnA hI mUlataH anadhikAra ceSTA hai, ataeva hiMsA aura anyAya hai / vAstavika sthiti aisI honepara bhI jaba AtmAkA zarIrasaMdhAraNa aura samAjanirmANa jar3apadArthoke binA saMbhava nahIM hai; taba yaha socanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki Akhira zarIrayAtrA, samAja nirmANa aura rASTrasaMkSA Adi kaise kiye jA~ya ? jaba anivArya sthitime jar3apadArthoMkA saMgraha
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________________ 574 jainadarzana baaura unakA yathocita liniyoga Avazyaka ho gayA, taba yaha una sabhI AtmAoMko hI samAna bhUmikA aura samAna adhikArakI cAdarapara baiThakara socanA cAhiye ki 'jagatake upalabdha sAdhanoMkA kaise viniyoga ho ?' jisase pratyeka AtmAkA adhikAra surakSita rahe aura aisI samAjakA nirmANa saMbhava ho sake, jisameM savako samAna avasara aura sabakI samAnarUpase prArambhika AvazyakatAoMkI pati ho ske| yaha vyavasthA Izvaranirmita hokara yA janmajAta vargasaMrakSaNake AdhArase kabhI nahIM jama sakatI, kintu una sabhI samAjake ghaTaka aMgoMko jAti, varNa, raMga aura deza Adike bhedake binA nirupAdhi samAnasthitike AdhArase hI bana sakatI hai| samAjavyavasthA Uparase ladanI nahIM cAhiye, kintu usakA vikAsa sahayogapaddhatise sAmAjika bhAvanAko bhUmipara honA cAhiye, tabhI sarvodayI samAja-racanA ho sakatI hai / janadarzanane vyaktisvAtantryako malarUpameM mAnakara sahayogamalaka samAjaracanAkA dArzanika AdhAra prastuta kiyA hai ! isameM jaba pratyeka vyakti parigrahake saMgrahako anadhikAravRtti mAnakara ho anivArya yA atyAvazyaka sAdhanoMke saMgrahameM pravRtti karegA, so bhI samAjake ghaTaka anya vyaktiyoMko samAnAdhikArI samajhakara unakI bhI suvidhAkA vicAra karake hI; tabhI sarvodayI samAjakA svastha nirmANa saMbhava ho skegaa| nihita svArthavAle vyaktiyoMne jAti, vaMza aura raMga Adike nAmapara jo adhikAroMkA saMrakSaNa le rakhA hai tathA jina vyavasthAoMne vargavizeSako saMrakSaNa diye haiM, ve mUlataH anadhikAra ceSTAe~ haiN| unheM mAnavahita aura navasamAjaracanAke liye svayaM samApta honA hI cAhiye aura samAna avasaravAlI paramparAkA sarvAbhyudayako dRSTise vikAsa honA caahiye| ___isa taraha anekAntadRSTise vicArasahiSNutA aura parasanmAnakI vRtti jaga jAne para mana dUsareke svArthako apanA svArtha mAnaneko ora pravRtta hokara samajhotekI ora sadA jhukane lagatA hai| jaba usake svAdhikArake sAtha-hI-sAtha svakarttavyakA bhI bhAva udita hotA hai; tava vaha dUsareke Antarika mAmaloMmeM jabaradastI TA~ga nahIM ar3AtA / isa taraha vizvazAntike liye apekSita vicArasahiSNutA, samAnAdhikArako svIkRti aura Antarika
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________________ jainadarzana aura vizvazAnti 575 mAmaloM meM ahastakSepa Adi sabhI AdhAra eka vyaktisvAtantryake mAna lene se hI prastuta ho jAte haiM / aura jaba taka ina sarvasamatAmUlaka ahiMsaka AdhAroMpara samAjaracanAkA prayatna na hogA, taba taka vizvazAnti sthApita nahIM ho sakatI / Aja mAnavakA dRSTikoNa itanA vistRta, udAra aura vyApaka ho gayA hai jo vaha vizvazAntikI bAta socane lagA hai / jisadina vyaktisvAtantrya aura samAnAdhikArakI binA kisI vizeSasaMrakSaNake sarvasAmAnyapratiSThA hogI, vaha dina mAnavatAke maMgalaprabhAtakA puNyakSaNa hogA / jainadarzanane ina AdhAroMko saiddhAntika rUpa dekara mAnavakalyANa aura jIvanakI maMgalamaya nirvAhapaddhati ke vikAsa meM apanA pUrA bhAga arpita kiyA hai / aura kabhI bhI sthAyI vizvazAnti yadi saMbhava hogI, to inhIM mUla AdhAroMpara hI vaha pratiSThita ho sakatI hai / 1 bhArata rASTrake prANa paM0 javAhiralAla neharUne vizvazAntike liye jina paMcazIla yA paMcazilAoMkA udghoSa kiyA hai aura bADuGga sammenameM jinheM sarvamatise svIkRti milI, una paMcazIloMkI buniyAda anekAntadRSTi --- samajhaute kI vRtti, sahaastitvako bhAvanA, samanvayake prati niSThA aura varNa, jAti raMga Adike bhedoMse Upara uThakara mAnavamAtrake sama-abhyudayakI kAmanApara hI to rakhI gaI hai / aura ina sabake pIche hai mAnavakA sammAna aura ahiMsAmUlaka AtmaupamyakI hArdika zraddhA / Aja navodita bhAratakI isa sarvodayI pararASTranItine vizvako hiMsA, saMgharSa aura yuddhake dAvAnalase mor3akara sahaastitva, bhAIcArA aura samajhautekI sadbhAvanArUpa ahiMsAkI zItala chAyA meM lAkara khar3A kara diyA hai / vaha socane lagA hai ki pratyeka rASTrako apanI jagaha jIvita rahanekA adhikAra hai, usakA svAstitva hai, parake zoSaNakA yA use gulAma banAnekA koI adhikAra nahIM hai, parameM usakA astitva nahIM hai / yaha parake mAmaloMmeM ahastakSepa aura svAstitvakI svIkRti hI vizvazAntikA mUlamantra hai / yaha siddha ho sakatI hai -ahiMsA, anekAntadRSTi aura jIvanameM bhautika
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________________ 576 jainadarzana sAdhanoMko apekSA mAnavake sanmAnake prati niSThA honese / bhArata rASTrane tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura bodhisattva gautamabuddha Adi santoMkI ahiMsAko apane saMvidhAna aura pararASTranItikA AdhAra banAkara vizvako ekabAra phira bhAratakI AdhyAtmikatAko jhA~kI dikhA dI hai / Aja una tIrthaGkaroMkI sAdhanA aura tapasyA saphala huI hai ki samasta vizva saha-astitva aura samajhautekI vRttiko ora jhukakara ahiMsakabhAvanAse mAnavatAko rakSAke liye sannaddha ho gayA hai| vyaktiko mukti, sarvodayI samAjakA nirmANa aura vizvakI zAntike liye jainadarzanake puraskartAoMne yahI nidhiyA~ bhAratIyasaMskRtike AdhyAtmika kozAgArameM Atmotsarga aura nirgranthatAkI tila-tila sAdhanA karake saMjoI hai / Aja vaha dhanya ho gayA ki usakI usa ahiMsA, anekAntadRSTi aura apariyahabhAvanAko jyotise vizvakA hiMsAndhakAra samApta hotA jA rahA hai aura saba sabake udayameM apanA udaya mAnane lage haiN| rASTrapitA pUjya bApUko AtmA isa aMzameM santoSako sA~sa le rahI hogI ki unane ahiMsA saMjIvanakA vyakti aura samAjase Age rAjanaitika kSetrameM upayoga karanekA jo prazasta mArga sujhAyA thA aura jisakI aTUTa zraddhAmeM unane apane prANoMkA utsarga kiyA, Aja bhAratane dRr3hatAse usapara apanI niSThA hI vyakta nahIM kI, kintu usakA prayoga nava eziyAke jAgaraNa aura vizvazAMtike kSetrameM bhI kiyA hai / aura bhAratakI 'bhA' isImeM hai ki vaha akelA bhI isa AdhyAtmika dopako saMjotA cale, use sneha dAna detA huA usImeM jalatA cale aura prakAzako kiraNeM bakheratA cle| jIvanakA sAmaMjasya, navasamAjanirmANa aura vizvazAtike yahI mUlamantra haiN| inakA nAma liye binA koI vizvazAntikI bAta bhI nahIM kara sktaa|
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________________ 12. jainadArzanika sAhitya isa prakaraNameM pramukha rUpase una prAcIna jainadArzanikoM aura mUla jainadarzana-granthoMkA nAmollekha kiyA jAyagA, jinake grantha kisI bhaMDArameM upalabdha haiM tathA jinake grantha prakAzita haiM / una granthoM aura granthakAroMkA nirdeza bhI yathAsaMbhava karanekA prayatna kareMge, jinake grantha upalabdha to nahIM haiM, parantu anya granthoMmeM jinake uddharaNa pAye jAte haiM yA nirdeza milate haiN| isameM aneka granthakAroMke samayakI zatAbdI AnumAnika haiM aura unake paurvAparyameM kahIM vyatyaya bhI ho sakatA hai, para yahA~ to mAtra isa bAtakI ceSTA kI gaI hai ki upalabdha aura sUcita prAcIna mUla dArzanika sAhityakA sAmAnya nirdeza avazya ho jAya / isa pustakake 'pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana' prakaraNameM jainadarzanake mUla bIja jina siddhAnta aura Agama granthoM meM milate hai, unakA sAmAnya vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai, ataH yahA~ unakA nirdeza na karake umAsvAti (gRddhRpiccha ) ke tattvArthasUtrase hI isa sUcIko prArambha kara rahe haiM / digambara AcArya tattvArthasUtra prakAzita umAsvAti(vi0 1-3 rI) 1. zrIvarNogranthamAlA, banArasameM saMkalita grantha-sUcIke AdhArase / 37
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________________ " 578 jainadarzana samantabhadra AtamImAMsA prakAzita (vi0 2-3rI) yuktyanuzAsana bRhatsvayambhUstotra jIvasiddhi 'pArzvanAthacarita' meM vAdirAjadvArA ullikhita siddhasena sanmatitarka prakAzita (vi0 4-5vIM) ( kucha dvAtriMzatikAe~ devanandi sArasaMgraha dhavalA-TIkAmeM ullikhita (vi0 6vIM) zrIdatta jalpanirNaya tattvArthazlokavArtikameM (vi0 6vIM) vidyAnandadvArA ulli khita / sumati sanmatitarkaTIkA pArzvanAthacaritameM vAdi(vi0 6vIM) rAjadvArA ullikhita sumatisaptaka malliSeNa-prazastimeM nirdiSTa [inhIMkA nirdeza zAntarakSitake tatvasaMgrahameM 'sumaterdigambarasya' ke rUpameM hai] pAtrakesarI vilakSaNakadarthana anantavIryAcArya dvArA (vi0 6vIM) siddhivinizcaya TIkAmeM ullikhita pAtrakesarI-stotra prakAzita [inhIMkA mata zAntarakSitane tattvasaMgrahameM 'pAnasvAmi' ke nAmase diyA hai| bAdisiMha vAdirAjake pArzvanAtha(6-7vIM) carita aura jinasenake mahApurANameM smRta
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________________ jainadArzanika sAhitya akalaGkadeva marustraya ( vi0 700 ) ( svavRttisahita ), nyAyavinizcaya ( nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNase udUSTata ), pramANasaMgraha siddhivinizcaya ( siddhivinizcaya kAse uta), aSTazatI ) ( AptamImAMsAko TIkA pramANalakSaNa ( ? ) kumArasena ( vi0 770 ) kumAranandi (vi0 8 vIM) vAdIbhasiMha syAdvAdasiddhi (bi0 8 vIM0) navapadArthanizcaya anantavIrya (vRddha) siddhivinizcayaTIkA (bi0 8-9vIM) 579 vAdanyAya prakAzita ( akalamanyatrayameM) prakAzita ( akalaGkamanyatrayameM) prakAzita ( akalaGkamanyatrayameM) prakAzita tattvArthavArtika ( tattvArthasUtrakI TIkA ) [jinadAsane nizIthacUrNimeM inhIMke siddhivinizcayakA ullekha darzanaprabhAvaka zAstroM meM kiyA hai ] prakAzita maisUrakI lAibrerI tathA kocInarAja pustakAlaya tirUpuNiTTaNameM upalabdha prakAzita jinasena dvArA mahApurANa maiM smRta vidyAnandadvArA pramANa parIkSA meM ullikhita prakAzita mUDabidrI maMDArameM upalabdha ravibhadrapAdopajIvi dhanantavIryadvArA siddhivini zcamaTIkAmeM ullikhita
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________________ jainadarzana anantavIrya siddhivinizcayaTIkA prakAzita ravibhadrapAdopajIvi (9vIM) vidyAnanda aSTasahasrI prakAzita (vi0 9 vIM) (AptamImAMsA-aSTa zatIkI TIkA ), tattvArthazlokavArtika ( tattvArthasUtrako TIkA ), yuktyanuzAsanAlaGkAra, vidyAnandamahodaya tattvArthazlokavArtikameM svayaM nirdiSTa tathA vAdi devasUri dvArA syAdvAda ratnAkarameM uddhata AptaparIkSA prakAzita pramANaparIkSA prakAzita patraparIkSA , AptaparIkSAke sAtha satyazAsanaparIkSA prakAzita zrIpurapAzrvanAtha- prakAzita stotra paMcaprakaraNa aprakAzita jainamaTha zravaNavelagolAmeM upalabdha (maisUrakurgasUcInaM02803) nayavivaraNa (?) prakAzita (ta0 zlokavA0 kA aMza)
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________________ jainadArzanika sAhitya 581 anantakIrti jIvasiddhiTIkA vAdirAjake pArzvanAtha( 10vIM) caritameM ullikhita bRhatsarvazasiddhi prakAzita laghusarvajJasiddhi devasena nayacakraprAkRta prakAzita (990 vi0) AlApapaddhati vasunandi AptamImAMsAvRtti (10vI, 11vIM) mANikyanandi parIkSAmukha (vi0 11vIM) somadeva syAdvAdopaniSat dAnapatrameM ullikhita, jaina (vi0 11vIM) sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 88 vAdirAja sUri nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa prakAzita (vi0 11vIM) pramANanirNaya mAilla dhavala dravyasvabhAvaprakAza prakAzita (vi0 11vIM) prAkRta prabhAcandra prameyakamalamANDa (vi0 11-12vIM)( parIkSAmukha-TIkA ), nyAyakumudacandra (laghIyastraya-TIkA), paramatajhaMjhAmila jaina guru cittApura ArakATa nArthake pAsa anantavIrya prameyaratnamAlA prakAzita (vi0 12vIM) ( parIkSAmukha-TIkA ) bhAvasena traividya vizvatattvaprakAza syAdvAdavidyAlaya banArasa (vi0 12-13vIM) meM upalabdha
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________________ prakAzita 59 jainadarzana saghusamantabhadra bhaTasahanI-TippaNa prakAzita (13vI) AzAdhara prameparalAkara AzApara-prazastimeM (vi0 13vIM) ullikhita zAntiSeNa prameyaranasAra jaina siddhAnta-bhavana, mArA (vi0 13vIM) jinadeva kAruNyakAlikA nyAyadIpikAmeM ullikhita dharmabhUSaNa nyAyadopikA (vi0 15voM) ajitasena nyAyamaNidIpikA jaina siddhAnta-bhavana, mArAmeM (prameyaratnamAlA-TIkA) upalabdha vimaladAsa saptabhaGgitaraGgiNI prakAzita zubhacandra saMzayavadanavidAraNa SaDdarzanapramANaprameya- prazastisaMgraha, vIrasevAsaMgraha mandira, dillI zubhacandradeva parIkSAmukhavRtti jainamaTha mUDabidrI meM upalabdha zAntivarNI prameyakaNThikA jaina siddhAnta-bhavana, bhArA (parIkSAmukhavRtti) meM upalabdha cArukIrti paMDitAcArya prameyaravAlakAra , , narendrasena pramANaprameyakalikA prakAzita sukhaprakAza muni nyAyadIpAvali TIkA jainamaTha mUDabidrI meM upalabdha amRtAnanda muninyAyadIpAvaviviveka sanAkanda tatvadIpikA jainamaTha mUDavilI meM upakapa
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________________ janadAzAnaka sAhitya 585 jaganAtha kevalibhuktinirAkaraNa jayapura terApaMthI mandira (1703 vi0) meM upalabdha vajanandi pramANapranya dhavalakavidvArA ullikhita pravarakIrti tattvanizcaya jainamaThamUDabidromeM upalabdha amarakIrti samayaparIkSA hummaca gANaMgaNi puTappAmeM upalabdha jaina siddhAnta-bhavana, ArA nyAyaratna nemicandra pravacanaparIkSA maNikaNTha zubhaprakAza nyAyamakarandavivecana ajJAtakataka SaDdarzana zlokavArtikaTippaNI padmanAbhazAstrI mUDabidrI ke pAsa upalabdha jainamaTha zravaNavelagolA meM upalabdha jaina bhavana mUDabidrImeM upalabdha madrAsa sUcI naM0 1574 SaDdarzanaprapaJca 1557 jainamaTha mUDabidrI prameyaralamAlAlaghuvRtti arthavyaJjanaparyAya vicAra svamatasthApana sRSTivAda-parIkSA saptabhaGgI SaNmatatarka zabdakhaNDavyAkhyAna pramANasidi pramANapadArtha paramatakhaNDana nyAyAmRta " " " ,
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________________ 584 janadazana - ajJAtakartRka jainamaTha mUDabidrI jaina siddhAntabhavana ArA nayasaMgraha nayalakSaNa nyAyapramANabhedI nyAyapradIpikA pramANanayagrantha prabhANalakSaNa matakhaMDanavAda vizeSavAda " " , , bambaI sUcI naM0 1612 zvetAmbara AcArya umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra svopajJa prakAzita (vi03rI) bhApya siddhasena divAkara nyAyAvatAra prakAzita (vi05-6vIM) kucha dvAtriMzatikAe~ mallavAdi nayacakra ( dvAdazAra ) prakAzita (vi0 6vIM) sanmatitarkaTIkA anekAntajayapatAkA ullikhita haribhadra anekAntajayapatAkA prakAzita (vi0 8 vIM) saTIka, anekAntavAda praveza, SaDdarzanasamuccaya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya saTIka, nyAyapraveza-TIkA, 1. 'jaina grantha aura granthakAra' ke aadhaarse|
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________________ haribhadra jainadArzanika sAhitya dharma saMgrahaNI, lokatattvanirNaya, zAntisUri ( pUrNatallagacchIya ) ( vi0 11vIM ) anekAnta praghaTTa, taravataraGgiNI, tribhaGgIsAra, nyAyAvatAravRtti, paJcaliGgI, dvijavadanacapeTA paralokasiddhi vedabAhyatA nirAkaraNa sarvasiddhi syAdvAdakucodyaparihAra zAkaTAyana strImuktiprakaraNa ( pAlyakIrti ) kevalabhuktiprakaraNa (vi0 9vIM) nyAyAvatAra-TokA ( yApanIya ) siddharSi ( vi0 10vIM ) abhayadeva sUri sanmatiTokA ( vi0 11vIM ) ( vAdamahArNava ) jinezvarasUri pramAlakSma saTIka (vi0 11 vIM) paJcaliGgIprakaraNa nyAyAvatAravArtika vRtti prakAzita "" jaina grantha granthakAra sUcIse 39 99 "" 99 29 59 "" 99 36 jaina sAhitya saMzodhakarme prakAzita prakAzita 585 prakAzita prakAzita ,, prakAzita
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________________ 586 prakAzita prakAzita prakAzita ( anupalabdha) prakAzita prakAzita jainadarzana municandrasUri bhanekAntajayapatAkA- (vi0 12vIM) vRttiTippaNa vAdidevasUri pramANanayatavA(12vIM sadI) lokAlakAra syAdvAdaratnAkara hemacandra pramANamImAMsA (pUrNatallagaccha ) anyayogavyavacchedikA (vi0 12vIM) vAdAnuzAsana vedAMkuza devamUri jIvAnuzAsana (vIracandraziSya) (vi0 1162) zrIcandrasUri nyAyapravezaharibhadra- (vi0 12 vI) vRttipakSikA devabhadrasUri nyAyAvatAraTippaNa (maladhAri zrIcandra ziSya) (vi0 12vIM) malayagiri dharmasaMgrahaNITIkA (vi0 13) candrasena utpAdAdisidi saTIka (pradyumnasUri ziSya) (vi0 13vIM) thAnandasUri siddhAntArNava amarasUri (siMhanyAghrazizukra) prakAzita prakAzita anupakagdha
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________________ rAmacandrasUri vyatirekadvAtriMzikA (hemacandra ziSya) ( 13 voM) mallavAdi ( 13 vIM) pradyumnasUri ( 13 vIM) jinapatisUri ( 13 vIM) ratnaprabhasUri ( 13 vIM ) devabhadra ( 13 vIM) jainadArzanika sAhitya malliSeNa ( 14 vIM ) somatilaka ( vi0 1392 ) rAjazekhara ( 15 vIM) dharmottaraTippaNaka vAdasthala naracandrasUri nyAyakandalITIkA (devaprabha ziSya) ( 13 vIM ) abhayatilaka ( 14 vIM ) pramANaprakAza prabodhavAdasthala syAdvAdaratnAkarAvatArikA prakAzita prakAzita paJcaprasthanyAyatarka vyAkhyA tarka nyAyasUtra TIkA nyAyAlaMkAravRtti syAdvAdamaJjarI padadarzanaTIkA syAdvAdakalikA paM0 dalasukhabhAIke pAsa jaina granthagranthakArameM sUcita "" "" jainagranthagranthakArameM sUcita jaina granthagranthakArameM sUcita "" "" " 99 prakAzita "" "3 587 99 "" jaina pranthagranthakAra meM sUcita jaina granthagranthakAra meM sUcita
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________________ jainadarzana rAjazekhara ratnAkarAvatArikA paJjikA prakAzita SaDdarzana samuccaya jainagrantha granthakArameM sUcita nyAyakandalIpaJjikA jJAnacandra ratnAkarAvatArikATippaNa prakAzita (15 voM) jayasiMhasUri nyAyasAradIpikA prakAzita (15 vI) merutuGga SaDdazananirNaya jainagranthagranthakArameM sUcita (mahendrasUri ziSya) (15 vIM) guNaratna SaDdarzanasamuccayako prakAzita (15 vI) tarkarahasyadIpikA bhuvanasundarasUri parabrahmotthApana jainagranthagranthakArameM (15 voM) laghu-mahAvidyAviDambana satyarAja jalpamaMjarI sudhAnandagaNiziSya (16 voM) sAdhuvijaya vAdavijayaprakaraNa (16 vIM) hetudarzanaprakaraNa siddhAntasAra dazanaratnAkara (16 vIM) dayAratna nyAyaratnAvalI ( 17 vIM) zubhavijaya tarkabhASAvArtika jainagranthagranthakArama (17 vIM) syAdvAdamAlA prakAzita
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________________ jainadArzanika sAhitya bhAvavijaya patriMzatjalpa- jainagrantha andhakArameM (17vIM) vicAra vinayavijaya nayakarNikA prakAzita (17vIM) SaTtriMzatjalpasaMkSepa jainagrantha granthakArameM yazovijaya aSTasahasrIvivaraNa, prakAzita (18voM) anekAntavyavasthA, jJAnabindu ( navyazailImeM ), jainatarkabhASA, devadharmaparIkSA, dvAtriMzat dvAtrizaMtikA, dharmaparIkSA, nayapradIpa, nayopadeza, nayarahasya, nyAyakhaNDakhAdya ( navyazailI). nyAyAloka, bhASArahasya, zAstravArtAsamuccayaTIkA, utpAdavyaya dhrauvyasiddhiTIkA, jJAnArNava, anekAnta praveza, gurutattvavinizcaya, AtmakhyAti, jainagrantha granthakArameM tattvAlokavivaraNa, trisUtryAloka, dravyAlokavivaraNa,
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________________ jainadarzana nyAyavindu, jainapranya granthakArane pramANarahasya, yazovijaya maMgalavAda, vAdamAlA, vAdamahArNava, vidhivAda, vedAntanirNaya, siddhAntatarka pariSkAra, siddhAntamaarI TIkA, syAdvAdamaJjUSA, ( syAdvAdamArIkI TokA), danyaparyAyayukti yazasvat sAgara jainasaptapadArthI prakAzita (18vIM) pramANavAdArtha jainagranya granthakArameM vAdArthanirUpaNa syAdvAdamuktAvalI prakAzita bhAvaprabhasUri nayopadezaTIkA prakAzita (18 vIM) mayAcandra jJAnakriyAvAda jainagrantha anyakArameM ( 19 vIM) padmavijayagaNi tarkasaMgrahaphalikA (19 vIM) RddhisAgara nirNayaprabhAkara (20 vI) ityAdi
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________________ jainadArzanika sAhitya isa taraha janadarzana granthoMkA vizAla kozAgAra hai / isa sUcImeM saMskRta granthoMkA ho pramukharUpase ullekha kiyA hai| kannar3a bhASAmeM bhI aneka darzanagranthoMko TIkAeM pAI jAtI haiN| ina sabhI granthoMmeM jainAcAryoMne anekAntadRSTise vastutattvakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, aura pratyeka vAdakA khaMDana karake bhI unakA nayadRSTi se samanvaya kiyA hai| aneka ajainagranthoMkI TokAeM bhI jainAcAryoMne likhI haiM, ve una granthoMke hArdako bar3I sUkSmatAse spaSTa karatI hai / iti / hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI 201953 -mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya
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________________ "pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH // " -haribhadra
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________________ 2. granthasaMketa vivaraNa akalaGkagrantha akalakagranthatraya akalaMkagra0 Ti0 akalakagranthatrayaTippaNa aTThazAlanI dhammasaMgaNIkI aTTakathA aNubhA0 brahmasUtraaNubhASya anagAradha0 anagAradharmAmRta anyayogavya0 anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzatikA abhidharmako abhidharmakoza aSTaza0 aSTasaha0 aSTazatI aSTasahasyantargata aSTasaha0 aSTasahastrI AcA0 AcArAgasU0 AcArAGgasUtra AdipurANa mahApurANAntargata Aptapa0 AptaparIkSA AptamI0 AtmamImAMsA A0ni0 Avazyakaniyukti AptasvarUpa siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahAntargata Rgveda RgvedasaMhitA kaThopa0 kaThopaniSat kAvyA0 rudra0 nami0 kAvyAlaGkAra-rudraTakRta-namisAdhukRta TIkA , govjIvakANDa, gommaTasArajI0 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 1. isa granthake likhanemeM jina granthoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai unameM jina granthoMke nAmoMkA 'saMketa' se nirdeza kiyA hai unhIMkA isa sUcImeM samAveza hai /
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________________ 594 jainadarzana cattAri daMDaka dazabhaktyAdike antargata chAndo0 chAndogyopaniSat jar3avAda anIzvaravAda lakSmaNazAstrI jozIkRta jainatarkavA0 jainatarkavArtika jainatakavA0 Ti0 jainatarkavArtikaTippaNa jainadArzanika sAhityakA pro0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA siMhAvalokana dvArA likhita jainasAhityameM vikAra paM0 becaradAsajI dozIkRta jainendravyAkaraNa pajyapAdakRta tattvasaM0 tattvasaMgraha tattvasaM0 paM0 tatvasaMgrahapaJjikA tattvArtharAjavA0, tattvArthavA0 tattvArtharAjavArtika rAjavA0 tattvArthazlo0, ta0 zlo0 tatvArthazlokavArtika tattvArthAdhi0 bhA0, tattvArthabhA0 tatvArthAdhigamabhASya ta0 sU0, tattvArthasU0 tattvAthasUtra tattvopa0 tattvopaplavasiMha taittirI0 taittirIyopaniSat tri0 prA0 trivikramakRta prAkRtavyAkaraNa trilokaprajJapti tiloyapaNNatti darzanakA prayojana DaoN. bhagavAnadAsakRta darzanadigdarzana mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanakRt dIghani0 dIghanikAya dravyasaM0 dravyasaMgraha dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzatikA yazovijayakRta dharma0 dharmasaMgraha
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________________ granthasaMketa vivaraNa 595 dhavalA TI0 satpra0 dhavalA pra0 bhA0 nandIsU0 TI0 nayavivaraNa navanIta nAvyazA0 niyamasA0 nyAyakumu0 nyAyakusumA0 nyAyadI0 nyAyabi0 nyAyabi0 TI0 nyAyabhA0 nyAyamaM0 nyAyavA0 nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 nyAyavi0 nyAyasAra nyAyasU0 nyAyAvatA0 patrapa0 pAtrakesaristotra parI0 paMcA0 pAta0 mahAbhASya pAta0 mahA0 paspazA0 dhavalATIkA sanarUpaNA dhavalA TIkA prathama bhAga nandIsUtraTIkA prathamagucchakAntargata navanIta mAsika patra nATyazAstra niyamasAra nyAyakumudacandra 2 bhAga nyAkusumAJjali nyAyadIpikA nyAyabindu nyAyabinduTIkA-dharmottara nyAyabhASya nyAyamaJjarI nyAyavArtika nyAyavArtika tAtparyaTIkA nyAyaninizcaya bhAsavajJakRta nyAyasUtra nyAyAvatAra patraparIkSA prathamagucchakAntargata parIkSAmukha paJcAstikAya pAtaJjala mahAbhASya pAtAla mahAbhASya paspazAhnika
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________________ 596 pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana paMcAdhyAyI pramANanayatattvA0 prava0 pramANamI0 pramANavA0, pra0 vA0 pramANavArtikAlaM0 pramANavA0 manoratha0 / pra0 vA0 manora0 pramANavA0 svavR0 pramANavA0 svavR0TI0) pra0vAsvavRtti TI0 pramANasamu0 pramANasaM0 prameyaka0 prameyaratnamAlA praza0 kanda0 praza0 bhA0 praza0bhA0 vyo0 prAkRtaca0 prAkRtasarva prAkRtasaM0 jainadarzana DaoN. devarAjakRta rAjamallakRta prayANanayatattvAlokAlaGkAra pravacanasAra pramANamImAMsA pramANavArtika pramANavArtikAlaMkAra pramANavArtikamanorathanandinI TIkA pramANavArtikasvavRtti pramANavArtikasvavRttiTIkA pramANasamuccaya pramANasaMgraha akalaGkagranthatrayAntargata prameyakamalamArtaNDa anantavIyakRta prazastapAdabhASya-kandalITIkA prazastapAdabhASya prazastapAdabhASya-vyomavatoTokA prAkRtacandrikA prAkRtasavasva prAkRtasaMgraha rAhulasAMkRtyAyanakRta bodhicaryAvatAra bodhicaryAvatArapaJjikA bRhaTippaNikA, jaina sAhitya saMzodhakameM prakAzita buddhacaryA bodhicaryA bodhicaryAH paM0 bRhaTTipaNikA jaina sA0 saM0
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________________ granthasaMketa vivaraNa 597 bRhatsva0 bRhatsvayambhUstotra (prathamagucchaka ) bRhadA0 bhA0 vA0 bRhadAraNyakabhASyavArtika sambandhavA0 sambandhavArtika bRhadravyasaM0 bRhadavyasaMgrahaTokA brahmabindUpa0 brahmabindUpaniSad brahmasU0 brahmasUtra brahmasU0ni0 bhA0 brahmasUtranimbArkabhASya brahmasU0 zAM0 bhA0 brahmasUtrazAMkarabhASya brahmasU0 zAM0 bhA0 bhA0 brahmasUtrazAMkarabhASyabhAmatITIkA bhagavatIsUtra vyAkhyAprajJapti apara nAma bhagavatIsUtra bhagavadgI0 bhagavadgItA bhAgavata zrImadbhAgavata bhAratIyadarzana baladeva upAdhyAyakRta bhAskarabhA0 brahmasUtrabhAskarabhASya majjhimanikAya hindI anuvAda matsyapu0 matsyapurANa mAdhyamikakArikA nAgAjunIyA mahAbhA0 mahAbhArata milindaprazna hindI anuvAda mI0 zlI codanA0 mImAMsAzlokavArtikacodanAsUtra mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 mImAMsazlokavartikaabhAvapariccheda mI0 zlo0 arthA0 , arthApatti , mI0 zlo0 upamAna0 , upamAna muNDako0 muNDakopaniSad mUlA0 mUlAcAra yogada0 vyAsabhA0, yogabhA0 yogadarzanavyAsabhASya
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________________ 598 jainadarzana yogadRSTisa0 yogadRSTisamuccaya yogasU0 tattvavai0 yogasUtratattvavaizAradI TIkA ratnAkarAvatArikA pramANanayatatvAlokAlaGkAraTIkA laghI0, laghIya0 laghIyastraya akalaGkagranthatrayAntargata laghI0 sva0 laSIyastrayasvavRtti lokatattvanirNaya harimadrakRta vAkyapa0 vAkyapadIya vAgbhaTTA0 TI0 vAgbhaTTAlaGkAraTIkA vAdanyA0 nAdanyAya vijJapti vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi vijJAnAmRtabhA0 brahmasUtravijJAnAmRtabhASya vedAntadIpa rAmAnujAcAryakRta vizeSA0 vizeSAvazyakabhASya vaize0 sU0 vaizeSikasUtra vaijJAnika bhautikavAda rAhula sAMkRtyAyanakRta vaize0 upa0 vaizeSikasUtraupaskAraTIkA zabdakau0 zabdakaustubha zabdAnuzAsana hemacandrakRta zAvarabhA0 zAvarabhASya zAstradI0 zAstradIpikA zrIkaNThabhA0 brahmasUtrazrIkaNThabhASya zvetA0, zve0 zvetAzvataropaniSat SaT khaM0 payaDi0 SaTkhaMDAgama-payaDi-anuyogadvAra SaT khaM0 satpra0 SaTakhaMDAgamasatprarUpaNA SaTda0 samu0 guNaratnaTIkA SaDdarzanasamuccaya-guNaratnaTIkA sanmati0 sanmatitarka
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________________ pranthasaMketa vivaraNa sanmati0 TI0 sanmatitakaTIkA samayasAra samayaprAbhRta aparanAma samayasAra samayasAra tAtparyavR0 samayasAra tAtparyavRtti sarvada0 sarvadarzanasaMgraha sarvArthasi0 sarvArthasiddhi sAMkhyakA0 sAMkhyakArikA sAMkhyakA0 mATharavR0 sAMkhyakArikA-mATharavRtti sAMkhyatattvako sAMkhyatattvakaumudI siddhivi0 siddhi vinizcaya siddhivi0 TI0 siddhiyinizcayaTIkA sUtrakRtAGgaTI0 sUtrakRtAGgaTIkA saundara0 saundarananda sthAnA0 sthAnAja-sUtra sphuTArtha abhi0 sphuTArtha-abhidharmakoza-vyAkhyA syA0 ratnA0 syAdvAdaratnAkara svatantracintana karnala iMgarasola kRta hetubi0 hetubindu hebubi0 TI0 hetubinduTIkA hemaprA0 hemacandraprAkRtavyAkaraNa
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________________ zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlAke mahatvapUrNa prakAzana 1. merI jIvana-gAthA bhAga 1 : dvitIya saMskaraNa (varNIjI dvArA svayaM likhita ) 4-00 2. , , bhAga 2 , , 4-25 3. varNI vANI : bhAga 1 (dvitIya saMskaraNa ) (varNIjIke AdhyAtmika saMdezoMkA saMkalana) 3-50 4. " bhAga 2 ,, , , 4-00 bhAga 3,, , , , aprApya 6. , bhAga 4 (varNIjIke adhyAtmapUrNa patroMkA saMkalana) 3-50 7. jaina sAhityakA itihAsa (pUrvapIThikA) bhAga 1: paM0 kailAzacandrajI zAstrI (750 pRSThoM meM likhita jaina sAhityakA gaveSaNApUrNa advitIya itihAsa-grantha : pahalIvAra prakAzita) 10-00 8. jaina darzana (dvitIya saMskaraNa):DA. mahendrakumArajI jaina (jaina darzanakA sAMgopAMga prAmANika vivecana ) 7-00 9. paMcAdhyAyI : mUla-paNDita rAjamallajI hindI rUpAntara-paM0 devakInandanajI siddhAntazAstrI ( jaina tattvajJAnakI vivecikA advitIya maulika kRti ) 9-00 10. zrAvakadharmapradIpa : mUla-AcArya kunthusAgara mahArAja hindI-saMskRta TIkA-paM0 jaganmohanalAlajI zAstrI ( zrAvakAcAra-viSayaka sarala aura vizada racanA) 4-00 *
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________________ 11. tattvArthasUtra : mUla AcArya gRddhapiccha hindI-vivecana-50 phUlacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI (jaina tattvoMkA prAmANika aura vizada nirUpaNa) 5-00 12. dravyasaMgraha-bhASAvacanikA : mUla-AcArya nemicandra dezamASAvacanikA-50 jayacandajI ghAvar3A sampAdana-prAdhyApaka darabArIlAla koThiyA (jaina tattvajJAnako pratipAdikA maulika sarala racanA) 1-50 13. apabhraMza prakAza : lekhaka-DA. devendrakumArajI jaina ( apabhraMza bhASA va sAhityakA vizada paricaya) 3-00 14. mandira-vedIpratiSThA-kalazArohaNa-vidhi: ___ sampAdana-paM0 pakSAlAlajI vasaMta (jaina pratiSThA-vidhikA upayogI evaM prAmANika saMkalana) 1-25 15. anekAnta aura syAdvAda: lekhaka-prAdhyApaka udayacandrajI jaina 0-25 maMtrI, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA 1128, DumarAvabAga vasati, assI, vArANasI-5
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