Uttaradhyayan Sutra Ek Parishilan

Author(s): Sudarshanlal Jain
Publisher: Sohanlal Jaindharm Pracharak Samiti
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004252/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA :15: uttarAdhyayana-satra : eka parizIlana DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti

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pravRttiyAM 1. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna 2. zatAvadhAnI ratnacandra pustakAlaya 3. zramaNa (mAsika) 4. sAhitya - nirmANa 5. zodhavRttiyAM 6. chAtrAvAsa evaM chAtravRttiyAM 7. vyAkhyAnamAlA 8. prakAzana 25) ru0 Personal & Private Use Only .

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 15 : uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana lekhaka DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0, zrAcArya ( jainadarzana, sAhitya va prAkRta ) OM ESIGE 1515 ka sampAdaka Astro mohanalAla mehatA DEFECRECER padama tANa tathA dayA prakAzaka sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti amRtasara prApti-sthAna pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI - 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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banArasa hindU yUnivarsiTI dvArA pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodha-prabandha prakAzaka : sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti guru bAjAra pramRtasara prApti-sthAna : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna jainAzrama hindU yUnivarsiTI, vArANasI-5 mudraka : aruNa presa bI0 17 /2, tilabhANDezvara vArANasI - 1 prakAzana - varSa : san 1970 mUlya : pa cAlIsa 40/= For Personal & Private Use Only

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zraddheya guruvarya DA0 siddhezvara bhaTTAcArya ko sAdara samarpita For Personal & Private Use Only

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svargIya lA0 laddA mala jI jaina (lAhaura vAle) Jain Education Intemational For Personal & Private Use Only

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svargIya seTha nAthAlAla ema0 pArakha (bambaI ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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paricaya jaina Agama - sAhitya meM uttarAdhyayana kA vizeSa sthAna hai / digambara- sAhitya meM bhI isakA sAdara ullekha hai / isa sUtra kA parizIlana DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina ne likhA hai / DA0 jaina ko seTha nAthAlAla ema0 pArakha ke nAma para unake parivAra dvArA pradatta risarca skolarazipa pradAna kI gaI thI / grantha ke prAstAvika meM uttarAdhyayana ke kAlAdi kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / aMta meM upasaMhAra bhI likhA hai| hara eka prakaraNa ke anta meM sugama sarala anuzIlana bhI hai / vizva anAdi hai / usI prakAra ananta bhI hai / vaha sadaiva se hai aura rahegA / kisI Izvara yA kartA ne use banAyA nahIM hai / vaha svayaMbhU hai / usameM aise tattva maujUda haiM jinake kAraNa vaha svacAlita yantra kI taraha nirantara calatA rahatA hai / jitanA hameM pratIta hotA hai vizva utanA hI saccA aura Thosa hai / niHsandeha usameM pratikSaNa parivartana ho rahA hai parantu usakA sarvathA nAza nahIM hotA hai / sUtra meM saMsAra kI asAratA, nazvaratA, bhrama-rUpatA Adi saba AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kahe gaye haiM / 1 sonA, tAMbA, lohA, gandhaka Adi dhAtueM vizva meM dUsare padArthoM se mizrita rUpa meM milatI haiM, usI prakAra prANI bhI do padArthoM-jIva ( cetana) aura ajIva ( acetana ) ke mizrita rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM / sabase adhika vikasita prANI manuSya ne yahI pAyA ki eka adRSTa tattva jaba zarIra se nikala jAtA hai to zeSa zarIra nirarthaka aura vyartha ho jAtA hai / vaha pheMka dene ke sivAya aura kisI kAma kA nahIM rahatA / usI adRSTa dravya kI vidyamAnatA meM zarIra manuSya yA prANI thA / usa cetana tattva ke nikala jAne se usane For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 2 ) maraNa kA bhI anubhava kiyA / phalataH usa prANadAtA tattva ko DhUMDha nikAlane kA vicAra manuSya ke mana meM utpanna huA / jaina tattvavettAoM ne AtmA ( jIva ) ko svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM sthira kiyA / yaha tattva hara prANI meM mUlataH eka hI prakAra kA - samAna guNoM vAlA pratIta huaa| hara prANI ke jIva ke sAtha dUsare dravya kA jo sambandha rahA huA thA usake kAraNa bAharI pharka sAmane AtA rahA / vaha dUsarA dravya rUpI acetana pudgala hai / usake lakSaNa haiM zabda, andhakAra, prakAza, kAnti, chAyA, Atapa, varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza aura AkAra / vAyu, jala, Aga aura pRthvI bhI pudgala haiM / vartamAna vijJAna ke Matter aura Energy bhI pudgala haiM / rAgadveSa ke kAraNa manuSya aura anya prANiyoM dvArA kiye gaye acche-bure karma bhI pudgala haiM / mizrita dhAtuoM ko asala yA zuddha rUpa meM lAne ke lie aneka vidhiyoM aura sAdhanoM se vizuddha karate haiM / usI prakAra manuSya ke jIva tattva ko mizrita ajIva tattva se alaga yA svatantra rUpa meM lAne ke lie arthAt mukta karane ke lie vidhipUrvaka prayatna jarUrI hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA yaha viSaya hai / isa grantha ke nirmAtA ne usa viSaya kA sarala, svAbhAvika bhASA meM sundara varNana kiyA hai| DA0 raghuvIra ke zabdoM meM jaina tattvavettAoM ne Godless Spiritua lity (nirIzvara adhyAtmavAda) kA vikAsa kiyA hai / prANI mAtra se maitrI kA vyavahAra karanA usakA nizcita mata hai / paraspara maitrI kara sakane kA AdhAra unhoMne svayaM para saMyama rakhanA batAyA hai / usI AcAra ke vikAsa kA sarvaprathama niyama ahiMsA se Arambha kiyA gayA hai / jIva kisa prakAra ajIva se pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai, una sAdhAraNa aura vizeSa upAyoM kA sAdhvAcAra ke do prakaraNoM aura ratnatraya meM vistRta nirdeza hai / inake alAvA mukti aura usakI alaukikatA kI carcA bhI grantha meM hai / isa prakAzana kA kharca zrI munilAla aura bhAI lokanAtha ne apane pitA zrI lAlA laddAmala kI puNyasmRti meM kiyA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 3 ) lAlAjI lAhaura ke pratiSThita naulakhA osavAla vaMza ke the / unakA janma vi0 saM0 1934 meM huA thA / pitA kA nAma lAlA dharmacanda aura mAtA kA nAma bhagavAna devI thaa| pAMca varSa kI Ayu meM mAM kA aura caudaha varSa meM pahu~cate-pahu~cate pitA kA sAyA sira se sadA ke lie uTha gayA / parivAra kA bhAra nanhIM umara meM sira A pdd'aa| Apane sAbuna dezI ke banAne kA dhandhA zurU kiyaa| isa vyApAra meM bar3I saphalatA prApta huI / dharmAcaraNa meM Apa dRr3ha niSThAvAna rahe / Apake vizAla dila ne kisI prArthI ko nirAza nahIM lauTAyA / jJAna, dhyAna, sevA aura para sahAyatA ke kAmoM meM Apa apane dhana kA sadupayoga karate rahe / jIvana nitya-niyama se vyatIta hotA rahA / jaba deza kA vibhAjana huA to anya hindU-sikkhoM kI bhAMti lAlAjI ne vistRta vizAla kArobAra ko chor3a paMjAba ko jo pAkistAna ke hisse AyA thA tyAga kara zeSa bace bhArata meM zaraNa lii| dillI meM Akara unhoMne pahale kA vyavasAya hI Arambha kiyA / unake parivAra ne usa vyavasAya ko khUba unnata kiyA hai| naye kArakhAne bhI lagAye haiM / unake Dipo para sAbuna kharIdane vAloM kI bhIr3a lagI rahatI hai / vi0 saM0 2012 meM ApakA dehAvasAna ho gayA thaa| usake 21 dina pUrva hI unhoMne sAMsArika moha tyAgane kA yatna Arambha kiyA thA aura svAtma zuddhi ke lie dhyAna meM laga gaye the / I seTha nAthAlAla ema0 pArakha kA, jinakI puNyasmRti meM DA0 jaina ko risarca skolarazipa pradAna kI gaI thI, saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : saurASTra rAjyAntargata jetapura nAmaka sthAna meM san 1909 meM zrI nAthAlAla pArakha kA janma huA thaa| pAMca varSa kI avasthA meM hI unake pitAjI kA dehAnta ho gayA / phalataH unake lAlanapAlana kA bhAra unakI mAtA para A par3A tathA unheM 12 varSa kI avasthA meM hI cAvala kI mila meM kAma karane ke lie raMgUna jAnA pdd'aa| vahAM se lauTane para ve bambaI meM eka botala vyApArI kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 4 ) dukAna meM lipika ke rUpa meM niyukta hue / isake bAda unhoMne svayaM apanA vyApAra karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura ghara-ghara se khAlI botaloM kA saMgraha karane kA kArya bhI prArambha kara diyaa| bAda meM unakA eka pramukha jarmana- kampanI se samparka huA aura unhoMne jarmanalebala bhArata meM becanA prArambha kiyaa| apane anukUla anubhava se protsAhita hokara unhoMne choTe lebala utpAdana karane kA apanA eka choTA-sA presa zurU kiyA jo anta meM deza ke eka bRhattama lebala - udyoga ke rUpa meM pariNata huA / taba zrI pArakhI sAmAjika gatividhiyoM meM bhAga lene lage aura apanI yogyatA ke anusAra unhoMne do darjana se adhika sAmAjika, dhArmika aura zaikSaNika saMsthAoM ke TrasTI, adhyakSa athavA maMtrI pada ko suzobhita kiyaa| ve janmabhUmi- samUha ke samAcAra patroM ke svAmI saurASTra- TrasTa ke TrasTI bhI rahe / kAMgresa se vizeSa sambandha hone ke kAraNa zrI pArakhajI bambaI prAntIya kAMgresa kamiTI kI smArikA samiti tathA vitta samiti ke adhyakSa bane / ve vidhAna pariSad ke sadasya the aura puna: 1964 meM nirvirodha cune ge| unakI prazaMsanIya sevA se prabhAvita hokara sarakAra ne unheM 'jasTisa oNpha pIsa' kI upAdhi pradAna kI, jisake gaurava kI rakSA zrI pArakhajI ne anta samaya taka kI / For Personal & Private Use Only prakAzaka

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prakAzakIma pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ke nAthAlAla pArakha zodha-chAtra DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina kA uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana nAmaka prastuta prabandha sohanalAla jainadharma pracAraka samiti dvArA prakAzita pAMcavAM zodha-grantha hai| DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina samiti ke chaThe saphala zodha chAtra haiN| inake bAda samiti ke pAMca anya zodha-chAtroM ne aba taka saphalatA prApta kI hai| vartamAna meM sAta zodha chAtra vibhinna jaina viSayoM para pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi ke lie prabandha likhane meM saMlagna haiN| - prakRta prabandha meM eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa jaina Agama-grantha uttarAdhyayana-sUtra kA sarvAGgINa samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana prAkRta vAGmaya kA eka utkRSTa dhArmika kAvya-grantha hai| isameM pradhAnatayA muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra ke sAtha jainadarzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| uttarAdhyayana-sUtra kA aneka AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne aneka rUpoM meM adhyayana evaM vivecana kiyA hai| prastuta prabandha isa zRMkhalA meM viziSTa sthAna prApta karegA, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| isa grantha ke adhyayana se uttarAdhyayana kA hArda saralatA se samajha meM A skegaa| samiti pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke adhyakSa DA. mohanalAla mehatA ke prati kRtajJa hai jinhoMne prastuta grantha kA paryApta parizramapUrvaka sampAdana kiyA hai| yaha grantha svargIya lAlA laddAmalajI jaina kI puNyasmRti meM prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / samiti isa prakAzana se sambandhita saba mahAnubhAvoM kA AbhAra mAnatI hai| harajasarAya jaina - mantrI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAkkathana ema0 e0 parIkSA uttIrNa karane ke bAda merI utkaTa abhilASA zodhakArya kI ora dekhakara parama pUjya DA. siddhezvara bhaTTAcArya, adhyakSa, saMskRta-pAli vibhAga ( kAzI vizvavidyAlaya ), ne mujhe jaina Agama-sAhitya ke suprasiddha grantha uttarAdhyayana-sUtra para zodha.. kArya karane kA sujhAva diyA tathA apane nirdezana meM anumati bhI dii| grantha kA adhyayana karane ke bAda maiMne anubhava kiyA ki isa grantha para anya jaina Agama-granthoM kI apekSA vipula vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya maujUda hone para bhI isakA vaijJAnika evaM samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta hI Avazyaka aura samayopayogI hai| yadyapi zAnTiyara, yAkobI, vinTaranitsa Adi pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne isake sAhityika, dhArmika, dArzanika Adi pahaluoM ke mahattva kI ora saMketa kiyA parantu grantha ke antaraGga viSaya kA sarvAGgINa samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta nahIM kiyaa| mere zodhakArya ke pUrNa ho jAne ke eka varSa bAda AcArya tulasIkRta 'uttarAdhyayana-sUtra: eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' prakAzita huaa| dekhane para jJAta huA ki tulasIkRta prabandha se prastuta prabandha sarvathA bhinna prakAra kA hai| prastuta prabandha meM mUla grantha ke viSaya ko sarala va subodha zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai jabaki AcArya tulasIkRta prabandha meM mUla va TIkA-granthoM Adi kA mizraNa ho jAne se uttarAdhyayana kA mUla viSaya gauNa ho gayA hai| isa kAraNa prastuta prabandha ke prakAzana kI AvazyakatA pUrvavat hI banI rhii| prastuta prabandha meM prAstAvika aura ATha prakaraNoM ke atirikta cAra pariziSTa haiN| prabandha ke anta meM sahAyaka grantha-sUcI, anukramaNikA, tAlikAe~ evaM vRttacitra die gae haiN| pratyeka prakaraNa ke anta meM samAlocanAtmaka anuzIlana diyA gayA hai| antima prakaraNa meM samasta prabandha kA parizIlanAtmaka upasaMhAra prastuta kiyA gayA For Personal & Private Use Only

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(7 ) hai| isIlie prastuta prabandha kA nAma 'uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana' rakhA gayA hai| AcArya tulasIkRta prabandha se isa prabandha kA pArthakya batalAne ke lie bhI yaha nAma rakhanA ucita samajhA gyaa| ' prastuta prabandha ke prAstAvika meM jaina Agama-sAhitya meM utarAdhyayana kA sthAna, viSaya-paricaya, racanAkAla, nAmakaraNa kA kAraNa, bhASA-zailI, mahattva tathA TIkA-sAhitya ke sAtha vividha saMskaraNoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| isake bAda prathama prakaraNa meM vizva kI bhaugolika racanA, sRSTi tattva aura dravya ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya prakaraNa meM saMsAra kI duHkharUpatA aura usake kAraNoM kA vicAra karate hue karma-siddhAnta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya prakaraNa meM mukti-mArga kA varNana karate hue samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrarUpa ratnatraya kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| cauthe prakaraNa meM grantha ke mukhya pratipAdya viSaya sAdhuoM ke sAmAnya sadAcAra kA aura pAMcaveM prakaraNa meM sAdhuoM ke vizeSa sadAcAra ( tapa.) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| chaThe prakaraNa meM sampUrNa sAdhanA kI pratiphalarUpa 'mukti' kA tathA sAtaveM prakaraNa meM samAja aura saMskRti kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AThaveM prakaraNa meM grantha kI upayogitA kA varNana karate hae sampUrNa prabandha kA parizIlanAtmaka siMhAvalokana kiyA gayA hai| cAra pariziSToM meM se prathama pariziSTa meM kathA-saMvAda die gae haiN| dvitIya pariziSTa meM granthollikhita rAjA Adi mahApuruSoM .. kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| tRtIya pariziSTa meM sAdhvAcAra sambandhI kucha avaziSTa tathyoM ko darzAyA gayA hai| caturtha pariziSTa meM granthollikhita dezoM va nagaroM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa taraha sampUrNa prabandha ko mUlagrantha kA anusaraNa karate hue suvyavasthita DhaMga se prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| prastuta prabandha yadyapi 20 mArca, 1967 ko pUrNa ho cukA thA parantu pIeca0 DI0 kI upAdhi milane tathA prakAzana-kArya meM tIna varSa kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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vilamba haa| isa bIca maiMne apane prabandha ko yathAsaMbhava punaH parimArjita va parivadhita kiyaa| Aja ise chape rUpa meM vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai / isa taraha yadyapi isa prabandha ko sarvAGgINa sundara banAne kA pUrNa prayatna kiyA gayA hai phira bhI mAnava kI zaktiyAM sImita hone ke kAraNa vaha pUrNatA kA dAvA nahIM kara sktaa| yadi isase pAThakoM kA thor3A-sA bhI lAbha ho sakA to maiM apanA parizrama saphala smjhuugaa| ___ anta meM una sabhI sajjanoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA maiM apanA karttavya samajhatA hU~ jinhoMne pratyakSa athavA apratyakSa rUpa se mujhe protsAhita kiyaa| isake sAtha hI sAtha maiM una sabhI granthoM, granthakAroM va granthasampAdakoM Adi kA bhI AbhArI hU~ jinase prastuta prabandha meM sahAyatA milI hai| sarvaprathama meM zraddheya pUjya guruvarya DA0 siddhezvara bhaTTAcArya kA AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne apanA bahumUlya samaya va nirdezana Adi dekara isa prabandha ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karane ke yogya bnaayaa| isake bAda pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke adhyakSa DA. mohanalAla mehatA kA AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne prastuta prabandha ke saMpAdana meM bahumUlya yogadAna diyaa| isake bAda meM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna tathA syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya va vahAM ke sabhI padAdhikAriyoM kA AbhArI hU~ jahA~ se mujhe prabandha-lekhana ke kAla meM hara prakAra kI ( Arthika, pustakIya va AvAsIya ) suvidhAe~ prApta huii| paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA tathA DA0 nathamala TATiyA kA bhI AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne prastuta prabandha kA parIkSaNa karake apane bahumUlya sujhAva die| vArANasI 1-8-70 sudarzanalAla jaina prAdhyApaka-saMskRta-pAli vibhAga kAzI vizvavidyAlaya For Personal & Private Use Only

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u0 = uttarAdhyayana u0 A0 TI0 = uttarAdhyayana- AtmArAma TIkA u0 ghA0 TI0 = * uttarAdhyayana-ghAsIlAla- TIkA u0 tu0 = uttarAdhyayana- AcArya tulasI u0 ni0 = uttarAdhyayana-niryukti saMketa-sUcI u0 ne0 TI0 = uttarAdhyayana-nemicandra- TIkA u0 zA 0 = uttarAdhyayana- zArpenTiyara u0 samI0 0 - uttarAdhyayana: eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke0 liM0 je0 = hisTrI Apha dI ke naunikala liTarecara oNpha dI jainsa kaiM 0 jai0 = jainadharma - kailAzacandra go0 jI0 = gommaTasAra- jIvakANDa jai0 dha0 = dekhie - kai 0 jai0 jai 0 0 bhA0 sa0 = jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja jai0 sA0 i0 pU0 = jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa : pUrvapIThikA to 0 sA0 bR0 i0 = jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa DA0 je0 = DaoNkTrina oNpha dI jainsa tarka saM0 tarkasaMgraha ta0 sU0 = tatvArtha sUtra da0 u0 = dazavaikAlika tathA uttarAdhyayana ( AcArya tulasI ) pR0 - pRSTha pari0 = pariziSTa For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 10 ) pA0 Ti0=pAda-TippaNa pA0 yo0 =pAtaJjala-yogadarzana prA0 sA0 i0 = prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bau0 da0 =bauddha-darzana bhA0 da0 ba0 =bhAratIya-darzana-baladeva bhA0 da0 rA0 = bhAratIya-darzana-rAdhAkRSNan ... bhA0 saM0 0 bhA0 saM yo bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna mahA0 nA0 = mahAbhArata kI nAmAnukramaNikA samavA0 = samavAyAGgasUtra sAM0 kA0 = sAMkhyakArikA se0 bu0 I0=sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa-bhAga 45 sthA0 sU0 sthAnAGgasUtra hi0 i0 li. hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara-bhAga 2 hi0 ke0 li0 ja0 dekhie-ke0 li. jai. For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra mUlasUtra uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA paricaya racayitA evaM racanAkAla uttarAdhyayana sUtra : yaha nAma kyoM ? bhASA-zailI aura mahattva TIkA- sAhitya dravya- vicAra loka-racanA Urdhva loka madhyaloka adholoka SaTa - dravya acetana dravya guNa - paryAya prastuta grantha meM prAstAvika cetana dravya saMsArI jIvoM ke vibhAjana ke srota sthAvara jIva trasa jIva dravya - lakSaNa anuzIlana prakaraNa 1 prakaraNa 2 saMsAra saMsAra kI duHkharUpatA tiryaMca aura narakagati ke kaSTa For Personal & Private Use Only 1-51 6 14 26 37 40 47 53-128 54 55 57 60 61 63 81 60 63 101 118 120 121 123 12-178 126 131

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132 134 141 147 147 150 153 153 162 173 176-246 ( 12 ) manuSya va devagati ke sukhoM meM duHkharUpatA viSayabhoga-janya sukhoM meM sukhAbhAsatA duHkharUpa saMsAra kI kAraNa-kArya-paraMparA karma-bandha karmabandha zabda kA artha viSamatA kA kAraNa-karmabaMdha karma-siddhAnta bhAgyavAda nahIM karmoM ke pramukha bheda-prabheda karmoM kI saMkhyA, kSetra, sthiti-kAla Adi karmabandha meM sahAyaka lezyAe~ anuzIlana prakaraNa 3 ratnatraya nava tathya mukti kA sAdhana-ratnatraya samyagdarzana samyagdarzana ke ATha aMga samyagdarzana ke bheda samyagjJAna jJAna ke pramukha pA~ca prakAra guru-ziSyasambandha guru ke karttavya samyakcAritra samyakcAritra ke pramukha pA~ca prakAra cAritra ke vibhAjana kA dUsarA prakAra anuzIlana prakaraNa 4 sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra vizeSa sAdhvAcAra dIkSA kI utthAnikA dIkSA lene kA adhikArI EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 176 186 167 166 201 . 236 247-328 247 248 248 248 For Personal & Private Use Only

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SKAR . 254 258 1 260 260 261 dIkSArtha mAtA-pitA kI anumati parivAra evaM sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM kA tyAga dIkSA palAyanavAda nahIM dIkSAguru vastrAbhUSaNa kA tyAga evaM kezalauMca bAhya upakaraNa yA upadhi sAmAnya upakaraNa vizeSa upakaraNa pA~ca mahAvrata ahiMsA-mahAvrata satya-mahAvrata acaurya-mahAvrata brahmacarya-mahAvrata aparigraha-mahAvrata mahAvratoM ke mUla meM ahiMsA va aparigraha kI bhAvanA pravacanamAtAe~-gupti aura samiti guptiyA~-pravRtti-nirodha samitiyA~-pravRtti meM sAvadhAnI SaTa-Avazyaka sAmAcArI sAmAcArI ke dasa aMga dinacaryA evaM rAtricaryA basati yA upAzraya nivAsayogya bhUmi kaisI ho ? AhAra kina paristhitiyoM meM AhAra grahaNa kare kina paristhitiyoM meM AhAra grahaNa na kare kisa prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa kare AhAra ke viSaya meM kucha anya jJAtavya bAteM anuzIlana prakaraNa 5 vizeSa sAdhvAcAra - tapazcaryA-tapa tapa ke bheda 264 266 267 278 281 284 286 rrrr mr m mrar mr mr mr mmr 0 0 0 0 0 wwwwww ao wg is om ms won 258 326-374 .326 330 For Personal & Private Use Only

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( 14 ) m mr mr m mmmmm mmmmmmmmr" CO 340 342 344 345 bAhyatapa anazana tapa UnodarI tapa bhikSAcaryA tapa rasa-parityAga tapa kAyakleza tapa pratisaMlInatA tapa Abhyantara tapa prAyazcitta tapa vinaya tapa vaiyAvRtya tapa svAdhyAya tapa dhyAna tapa kAyotsarga yA vyutsarga tapa parISaha-jaya parISaha-jaya ke bheda va svarUpa parISaya-jaya kI kaThoratA sAdhu kI pratimAe~ pratimA-anazana tapavizeSa kA abhyAsa samAdhimaraNa-sallekhanA samAdhimaraNa Atmahanana nahIM samAdhimaraNa ke bheda samAdhimaraNa kI avadhi samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi samAdhimaraNa kI saphalatA anuzIlana prakaraNa 6 mukti mukti ke artha meM prayukta kucha zabda mokSa meM jIva kI avasthA muktoM ke 31 guNa 348 350 352 353 356 364 364 368 .. 375-360 375 378 381 For Personal & Private Use Only

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0 mr me 0 M Mmm mr 0 mr mr X5 4 mr 360-436 361 0 0 0 ( 15 ) sAdimuktatA muktAtmAoM kA nivAsa mukti kise, kaba aura kahAM se mukta jIvoM kI ekarUpatA jIvanmukti anuzIlana prakaraNa 7 samAja aura saMskRti varNAzrama vyavasthA jAti va varNa-vyavasthA Azrama-vyavasthA pArivArika jIvana mAtA-pitA va putra bhAI-bandhu nArI rIti-rivAja evaM prathAe~ yajJa vivAha-prathA saundarya prasAdhana dAha-saMskAra pazu-pAlana khAna-pAna manoraMjana ke sAdhana vyApAra aura samudrayAtrA rogopacAra maMtra-zakti va zakuna meM vizvAsa rAjya-vyavasthA va mAnava-pravRttiyAM rAjya-vyavasthA mAnava-pravRttiyAM dhArmika evaM dArzanika sampradAya anuzIlana 0 0 0 0 0 0 013 ta . 415 416 418 420 421 422 423 428 426 431 For Personal & Private Use Only

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437-447. 446-472 ( 16 ) prakaraNa 8 upasaMhAra pariziSTa 1 . kathA-saMvAda pariziSTa 2 viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya pariziSTa 3 sAdhvAcAra ke kucha anya jJAtavya tathya pariziSTa 4 deza tathA nagara sahAyaka grantha-sUcI anukramaNikA tAlikAeM va vRttacitra 473-487. 488-464 465-504 513 533 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika jaeNna AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra uttarAdhyayana sUtra ardhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha eka jaina Agama grantha hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ( I0 pU0 6 ThI zatAbdI ) ke jina upadezoM ko unake ziSyoM ne sUtragranthoM ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyA ve grantha 'Agama' yA 'zruta' ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / ' ina granthoM meM jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAkSAt pradhAna ziSyoM ( gaNadharoM) dvArA racita haiM ve aMgapraviSTa ( aMga ) kahalAte haiM aura zeSa jo uttaravartI zrutajJa ziSyoM dvArA racita haiM ve aMgabAhya ( anaMga ) / 2 inameM sAkSAt mahAvIra ke ziSyoM dvArA racita hone ke kAraNa aMga granthoM kI pradhAnatA hai / inheM bauddha tripiTaka kI taraha 'gaNipiTaka ' ' tathA brAhmaNoM ke prAcInatama grantha vedoM kI taraha 'veda' kahA gayA hai| inakI saMkhyA 12 niyata hone se 3 4 1. prAcIna kAla meM ise 'zruta' kahate the aura zrutajJAnI ko 'zrutakevalI' | vartamAna meM Agama zabda adhika pracalita hai / dekhie, jai0 sA0 bR0 i0, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 31. 2. taM jahA - aMgapaviTTha, aMgabAhiraM ca / se kiM taM aMgabAhiraM ? gahiraM vihaM paNNattaM / taM jahA - AvassayaM ca AvasyavairittaM ca / - naMdI, sUtra 43; yad gaNadhara ziSyapraziSyairArAtIyai radhigatazrutArthatattvaH kAladoSAdalpamedhAyurbalAnAM prANinAmanugrahArthamupanibaddhaM saMkSiptAGgArthavacana vinyAsaM tadaGgabAhyam tatvArtha vArtika 1.20.13. 3. duvAla saMge gaNipiDage 4. duvAlasaMgaM vA pravacanaM vedo - samavA0, sUtra 9 tathA 136. - prA0 sA0 i0, pR0 44. For Personal & Private Use Only

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2] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana inheM 'dvAdazAGaga'1 bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa taraha artharUpa meM ye sabhI aMga-grantha mahAvIra-praNIta hI haiM parantu zabdarUpa meM gaNadharapraNIta haiM / inake atirikta jo aGgabAhya Agama-grantha haiM ve prAcIna paramparAnusAra prathamataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai--Avazyaka aura Avazyaka-vyatirikta / Avazyaka meM chaH grantha the jo Ajakala eka Avazyaka-sUtra meM hI sanniviSTa haiN| Avazyaka-vyatirikta ke punaH kAlika aura utkAlika-ye do bheda kie gaye haiM aura pratyeka ke kaI prakAra haiN| jinakA adhyayana kisI nizcita samaya ( dina va rAtri ke prathama tathA antima prahara ) meM kiyA jAtA hai unheM 'kAlika' aura jinakA adhyayana tadatirikta samaya meM kiyA jAtA hai unheM 'utkAlika' kahate haiN| uttarAdhyayana Adi kAlika zruta haiM tathA dazavakAlika Adi utkAlika / 1. vahI; bAraha aMga-AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatI), jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antaHkRddazA, anutta roSapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkazruta aura dRssttivaad| . 2. atthaM bhAsai arahA suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaNassa hiyaTThAe tao suttaM pavattai / -Avazyaka-niyukti, gAthA 162. 3. dekhie-pR0 1, pA0 Ti0 2. 4. vahI; Avazyaka ke chaH nAma ye haiM-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna / 5. yadihanizAprathamacarimapauruSIdvaya evaM paThyate tatkAlena nivRtta kAlikaM-uttarAdhyayanAdi / yatpunaH kAlavelAvarja paThyate tadUrdhva kAlikAdityutkAlikam-dazavakAlikAdIti / -sthA0 sU0 71 abhayavRtti / naMdI, sUtra 43, 47 meM isakI vistRta sUcI dI gaI hai| tadaGgabAhyamanekavidham-kAlikamutkAlikamityevamAdivikalpAt / svAdhyAyakAle niyatakAlaM kAlikam / aniyatakAlamutkAlikam / tadbhedA uttarAdhyayanAdayo'nekavidhAH / -tattvArthavArtika, 1.20.14. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #29
prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra [ 3 isa taraha yaha kAlika aura utkAlika kA bheda sirpha aMgabAhya Avazyaka vyatirikta granthoM meM hai / paravartI kAla meM dRSTivAda ko chor3akara zeSa gyAraha aMga-granthoM ko bhI kAlika meM ginAyA hai / " dRSTivAda ke viSaya meM spaSTa kathana nahIM milatA hai ki vaha kAlika hai athavA utkAlika | parantu gyAraha aMgarUpa kAlika zruta ke hI sAtha kahIM-kahIM dRSTivAda ko bhI ginAyA hai / isakA kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki dRSTivAda kA uccheda ho gayA thA / ataH isake prati upekSA honA svAbhAvika hai / digambara- paramparA meM sirpha aMgabAhya granthoM ko hI kAlika aura utkAlika meM vibhakta kiyA hai, aMga granthoM ko nahIM / 3 2. isa taraha Agama- sAhitya ke prAcIna vibhAjana ke anusAra uttarAdhyayana-sUtra aMgabAhya Avazyaka vyatirikta kAlika zruta kA eka bheda hai / . vartamAna paramparA meM aMgabAhya kA vibhAjana bhinna prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai / prAcIna Agama granthoM meM isa prakAra kA vibhAjana nahIM milatA hai| jahAM taka jJAta hai, isa vibhAjana kA sarvaprathama spaSTa ullekha zrI bhAvaprabhasUri ( 18 vIM zatAbdI) dvArA viracita 1. ihaikAdazAGgarUpaM sarvamapi zrutaM kAlagrahaNAdividhinA'dhIyata iti mucyate / - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - maladhArI TIkA, gAthA 2264; vizeSa - jai0 sA0 I0 pU0, pR0 576-578. 2. kAliyasua diTThIvAe ya - Avazyaka niyukti, 764; ekkArasa aMgAI paiNNagaM diTTivAo ya / - u0 28.23; uttarAdhyayanameM anyatra dvAdazAGga ( 'bArasaMgaviU buddhe' u0 23.7; 'duvAlasaMga jiNakkhAyaM' u0 24.3 ) tathA aGga aura aGgabAhyasUtra ( 'jo sutta mahijjanto.aMgeNa bahiNa va' u0 28.11 ) ke rUpa meM bhI ullekha milatA hai / 3 dekhie - pR0 2, pA0 Ti0 5. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #30
4 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana jainadharmavarastotra ( zloka 30 ) kI svopajJa TIkA meM milatA hai / ' tadanusAra vibhAjana krama nimnokta hai : 1. atha uttarAdhyayanaH 1 Avazyaka 2 piNDaniryukti tathA oghaniyukti 3 dazavaikAlika 4 iti catvArimUlasUtrANi / 'gAthA - ikkArasa aMgAi bArasa uvaMgAi dasa payannAI / cha cheya mUla cauro naMdI aNuyoga paNayAlA // -- jainadharmaM varastotra-svopajJa TIkA, pR0 9.4. isa prAkRta gAthA ke uddhRta karane tathA Agama granthoM ke spaSTa vibhAjana se pratIta hotA hai ki isake pahale bhI isa prakAra kA vibhAjana ho cukA thA / A0 tulasI ne da0 u0- bhUmikA, pR0 6, 9 para samayasundara ( vi0 saM0 1672 ) kRta sAmAcArIzataka kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki usameM dazavekAlika, ovaniryukti, piNDaniyukti aura uttarAdhyayana ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai| prabhAvakacarita ( vi0 saM0 1334 ) meM bhI aGga, upAGga, mUla aura cheda ke bheda se AgamoM ke prAcIna vibhAjana kA ullekha milatA hai tatazcaturvidhaH kAryo'nuyogo'taH paraM mayA / tato'GgopAGgamUlAkhyagranthacchedakRtAgamaH // - Arya rakSitaprabandha, zlo0 241. prabhAvaka - carita ke isa ullekha se yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki kauna-kauna se grantha kisa-kisa vibhAga meM the ? parantu aisA vibhAjana pahale se maujUda thA jisako AryarakSita ne 4 anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyA / bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) kI Avazyakaniyukti ( vi0 saM0 6 ThI zatA0 ) meM kalpAdi ko chedasUtroM meM parigaNita karane se isa prakAra ke vibhAjana kI aura adhika prAcInatA kA patA calatA hai 1 jaM ca mahAkaSpasuyaM jANi ya sesANi cheyasuttANi / - Avazyaka niryukti, gA0 778. tathA dekhie - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2265. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra Agama aMgabAhya aMga (12) upAGga' mUlasUtra chedasUtra' avibhAjita (naMdI prakIrNaka (12) (4) (6) aura anuyoga) (10) (2) isa taraha sAmAnyatayA 46 Agama grantha mAne jAte haiM unameM bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda kA uccheda mAna lene para 45 AgamagranthoM kI paramparA hai| . 1. bAraha upAMga ye haiM-aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, kalpikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacalA aura vRssnnidshaa| antima pAMca ko nirayAvaliyA bhI kahate haiN| inakA aMgoM ke sAtha vastuta: koI sambandha nahIM hai phira bhI inheM rUr3hi se upAMga kahA jAtA hai| sirpha pAMca nirayAvaliyoM kI upAMga saMjJA milatI hai| __ - dekhie-jai0 sA0 ba0 i0, bhAga 2, pR0 7-8. 2. chaH chedasUtra ye haiM-nizItha, mahAnizItha, vyavahAra, AcAra dazA yA dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa tathA paMcakalpa yA jItakalpa / inameM sAdhudharma kA pAlana karate samaya lage hae doSoM kI prAyazcitta vidhi kA varNana hai / ataH ye chedasUtra kahalAte haiN| 3. yadyapi naMdI (sUtra 43 ) meM kAlikazruta ko tathA uttarAdhyayana meM . . (dekhie-pR0 3, pA0 Ti0 2) aMgAtirikta ko prakIrNaka kahA hai parantu vartamAna meM inakI saMkhyA 10 niyata hai-catuHzaraNa, AturapratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka, taMDulavaicArika, candravedhyaka, devendrastava, gaNividyA, mahApratyAkhyAna tathA vIrastava / ina nAmoM meM kucha sampradAyagata antara bhI haiN| 4. zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI inameM se 32 tathA kucha mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbara 84 Agama mAnate haiN| -dekhie-prA0 sA0 i0, pR0 33-34 phuTanoTa / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #32
6] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana digambara - paramparA meM isa prakAra kA vibhAjana nahIM milatA hai / vahA~ prathamataH aMga aura aMgabAhya aise do bheda kie gae haiM, phira aMga ke 12 aura aMgabAhya ke 14 bheda kie haiM / " isa taraha digambara- paramparA meM 26 AgamoM kI mAnyatA hai / parantu unakI mAnyatA hai kiM dRSTivAda ke aMza vizeSa ke AdhAra para likhe gaye SaTkhaNDAgama aura kaSAyaprAbhRta' ko chor3akara zeSa aMga aura aMgabAhya Agama vicchinna ho gaye haiM, jabaki zvetAmbaraparamparA meM dRSTivAda kA viccheda huA hai aura zeSa Agama avicchinna haiM / digambara- paramparA meM aMgabAhya ke jo 14 bheda haiM, ve nimnokta haiM : 1. sAmAyika, 2. caturviMzatistava, 3 vandanA, 4. pratikramaNa, 5. vainayika, 6. kRtikarma, 7. dazavaikAlika, 8. uttarAdhyayana, 6. kalpavyavahAra, 10. kalpAkalpa, 11. mahAkalpa, 12. puMDarIka, 13. mahApuNDarIka aura 14. niSiddhikA / inameM Adi ke chaH bheda kramaza: chaH AvazyakarUpa haiM tathA anta: ke chaH bhedoM kA samAveza zvetAmbara sammata kalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha nAmaka cheda sUtroM meM mAnA jAtA hai / zeSa do - dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana mahattvapUrNa mUlasUtra haiM / 3 isa taraha isa vartamAnakAlika pracalita paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana ko aMgabAhya mUlasUtra ke bhedoM meM ginAyA jAtA hai / parantu uttarAdhyayana ko mUlasUtra kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? isa para vicAra karane ke pUrva mUlasUtroM para dRSTi DAlanA Avazyaka hai / mUlasUtra : sAmAnyatayA mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA cAra mAnI jAtI hai parantu kucha vidvAn uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka aura dazavaikAlika inhIM tInoM kI 1. dhavalATIkA - SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 1, pR0 66; go0 jI0, gAthA 366-467. 2. ye donoM grantha aMga ke 12 bhedoM meM se dRSTivAda ke antargata Ate haiM / dekhie - SaTkhaNDAgama, bhUmikA, pR0 71. 3. dekhie - bhA0 saM0 je0 yo0, pR0 54; jai0 sA0 I0 pU0, pR0 679. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #33
prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra [ 7 gaNanA mUlasUtroM meM karate haiM / ' vinTaranitsa Adi vidvAn cauthA mUlasUtra piNDaniyukti ko mAnate haiM / 2 parantu kucha dazavaikAlika aura frost sthAna para oghaniyukti aura pAkSikasUtra ko mUlasUtra mAnate haiM tathA kucha piNDaniryukti aura oghaniyukti ko chedasUtroM meM bhI ginAte haiM / 3 sthAnakavAsI ( zvetAmbara) dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, naMdI aura anuyogadvAra ina cAra ko mUlasUtra mAnate haiM / parantu 84 Agama mAnanevAle Avazyaka ke sAtha pA~ca mUlasUtra mAnate haiN| pro0 kApar3iyA ne dazavaikAlika kI do cUlikAe~ bhI mUlasUtroM meM ginAI haiM / " isa taraha mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA aura nAmoM paryApta antara pAyA jAtA hai phira bhI uttarAdhyayana ke mUlasUtra hone meM kisI ko saMdeha nahIM hai tathA krama meM antara hone para bhI prAyaH sabhI uttarAdhyayana ko prathama mUlasUtra mAnate haiM / 1. jai0 sA0 bR0 i0, bhAga-2, pR0 143 - 144. 2. hi0 i0 li0, bhAga - 2, pR0 426; jai0 sA0 bR0 i0, bhAga - 1, prastAvanA, pR0 28. 3. hi0 i0 li0, bhAga - 2, pR0 430. 4. prA0 sA0 i0, pR0 33, phuTanoTa / 5 hi0 ke0 li0 jai0, pR0 48. 6 mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA va krama ke viSaya meM vibhinna mata : vidvAn saMkhyA krama 1. bhAvaprabhasUri 4 2. samayasundara 3. sthAnakavAsI aura 4 4 4 terApanthI zvetAmbara kucha mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbara 5 uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, piNDaniyukti niyukti tathA daza vaikAlika | kAlika ogha niyukti, piNDaniyukti aura uttarA dhyayana / - uddhRta da0 u0, bhUmikA, pR0 6 uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, naMdI aura anuyogadvAra / uttarAdhyayana, dazakAlika Avazyaka, naMdI aura anuyogadvAra / For Personal & Private Use Only

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8] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra: eka parizIlana . . saMkhyA, nAma aura krama kI taraha 'mUlasUtra' kA artha bhI vivAdAspada hai / ye mUlasUtra kyoM kahe jAte haiM ? isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM ne bhinna-bhinna tarka upasthita kie haiM kyoMki prAcIna koI bhI aisA spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA hai jisameM isakA artha spaSTa kiyA gayA ho| mUlasUtroM ke nAmoM meM antara hone se bhI isakA spaSTa kathana kara sakanA sambhava nahIM hai / 'mUlasUtra' zabda ke artha para vicAra 5. pro0 vebara aura pro0 bUlara 3 uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka aura dazavakAlika / 6. DaoN0 zArapenTiyara, DaoN0 4 uttarAdhyayana. Avazyaka, dazavaM. vinTaranitsa aura DaoN0 kAlika aura piNDaniyukti / gerino 7. pro0 zubriga 5 uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika, Avazyaka, piNDaniyukti aura oghniyukti| 8. pro0 hIrAlAla kApaDiyA 6 Avazyaka, uttarAdhyayana. dazava kAlika, dazavakAlika calikAe~, piNDaniyukti aura ogha niyukti / 6. DaoN. jagadIzacandra,paM0 dala- 4 uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika, sukha mAlavaNiyA aura Avazyaka aura piNDaniyukti; DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA athavA uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavakAlika aura piNDaniyukti oghniyukti| 10. AcArya tulasI 2 dazavakAlika aura uttarA dhyayana / -vizeSa ke lie dekhie-jai0 sA0 bR0 i0, bhAga 2, pR0 144; jai0 sA0 bR0 i0, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 28; hi0 ke0 li. jai0, pR0 44-48; prA0 sA0 i0, pR0 35; da0 u0 bhUmikA, pR0 7-8. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra [ karane ke pUrva Avazyaka hai ki sabhI mAnya mUlasUtroM kA prathamataH saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAya / 1. 2 uttarAdhyayana- yaha eka dhArmika zramaNa kAvya-grantha hai / isameM navadIkSita sAdhuoM ke sAmAnya AcAra-vicAra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM jainadarzana ke sAmAnya mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / isakA vizeSa vicAra Age kiyA jAegA 2. dazavaikAlika - yaha bhI uttarAdhyayana kI hI taraha AcAradharma kA pratipAdaka dhArmika zramaNa-kAvya hai / isameM vinaya, nIti, upadeza aura subhASitoM kI pracuratA hai| kucha adhyayana aura gAthAeM uttarAdhyayana aura AcArAGga se sAmya rakhatI haiM / " isake racayitA zayyaMbhava ( I0 pU0 452 - 426 ) haiM / bhadrabAhu kI niyukti ke anusAra 'isakA cauthA adhyayana AtmapravAda pUrva se, pA~cavAM karmapravAda pUrva se, sAtavAM satyapravAda pUrva se aura bAkI ke pratyAkhyAnapravAda pUrva ke tIsare adhikAra ( vastu ) se lie gae haiM / 3 kAlAntara meM isa para vipula TIkAsAhitya likhA gayA / bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se yaha bhI uttarAdhyayana kI taraha prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa hai / 3. Avazyaka naMdIsUtra ke vargIkaraNa ke anusAra pahale yaha chaH svatantra granthoM ke rUpa meM thA / parantu aba yaha eka hI grantha ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| isameM sAdhu kI chaH nitya kriyAoM (Avazyaka) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa para bhI kAlAntara meM vipula TIkAsAhitya likhA gayA / 4. piNDaniryukti - yaha dazavaikAlika sUtra ke 'piNDeSaNA' nAmaka 5 veM adhyayana para likhI gaI bhadrabAhu kI racanA hai / vistAra evaM mahattva ke kAraNa ise pRthak grantha ke rUpa meM mAnA 1. jai0 sA0 bR0 i0, bhAga - 2, pR0 181; hi0 ke0 li0 jai0, pR0 156. 2. prAcIna kAla meM samasta zrutajJAna 14 pUrva-granthoM meM antarnihita thA / unake nAma isa prakAra haiM- utpAda, agrAyaNI, vIryapravAda, astinAstipravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, samayapravAda, pratyAkhyAnapravAda, vidyAnupravAda, avandhya, prANAvAya, kriyAvizAla aura bindusAra / 3. dazavaikAlika - niyukti, gAthA 16-17. For Personal & Private Use Only

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1.0 ] uttarAdhyayana : sUtra eka parizIlana . jAtA hai| piNDa kA artha hai-bhojn| isameM sAdha ke bhojanaviSayaka siddhAnta kI carcA kI gaI hai| isameM varNita sAdhu ke bhojanasambandhI niyamoM se kaI mahattvapUrNa bAteM jJAta hotI haiN| 5. oghaniryakti-ogha kA artha hai-sAmAnya / isameM sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra-vicAra kA hI dRSTAntazailI meM varNana hai| isameM zramaNasaMgha ke itihAsa kI jhalaka milatI hai| bIca-bIca meM kathAe~ bhI haiN| yaha bhI piNDAniyukti kI taraha bhadrabAhu kI hI racanA hai| 6-7 naMdI aura anuyogadvAra - ye donoM grantha AgamoM ke lie pariziSTa kA kAma . karate haiN| ataH inheM calikAsUtra kahA jAtA hai| AgamoM ke adhyayana ke lie ye prAthamika bhUmikA kA bhI kArya karate haiM / naMdI meM vizeSakara jJAna kI carcA kI gaI hai aura anuyogadvAra meM mUla bhata siddhAntoM aura pAribhASika zabdoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| naMdI' dRSyagaNi ke ziSya devavAcaka kI tathA 'anuyogadvAra' AryarakSita kI kRti hai| ye mahAvIra-nirvANa ke bahuta bAda meM likhI gaI thiiN| 8 pAkSikasUtra - isameM sAdhu ke pAkSika pratikramaNa ( Avazyaka kA eka bheda ) kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 6. . dazavakAlikacalikAe~ ye vAstava meM dazavaikAlika ke hI aMza ke rUpa meM haiN| ataH inheM pRthak ginAnA ucita nahIM hai| inameM saMsAra ke prati rAgabhAvanA kA tyAga tathA sAdhuoM ko madya-mAMsa Adi ke tyAga kA upadeza dekara kartavya-karma karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / isa taraha ina saMbhAvya mUlasUtroM kA saMkSipta paricaya dekhane se mUlasUtra zabda kA artha yadyapi spaSTa nahIM hotA hai phira bhI anya aMgabAhya granthoM kI apekSA inameM mUlarUpatA, prAmANikatA aura upayogitA ko dhyAna meM rakhA gayA hai| vAstava meM uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika aura Avazyaka' ko mUlasUtra mAnanA upayukta hai kyoMki ye prAcIna bhI haiM tathA sAdhu-jIvana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kA prAmANika prati. 1. AcArya tulasI kA yaha kayana (da0 u0, bhUmikA, pR0 7) ki aGgabAhya Agama granthoM ke Avazyaka aura Avazyaka-vyatirikta ina do vibhAgoM meM Avazyaka kA apanA svatantra va mahattvapUrNa sthAna hone se 'Avazyaka' ko mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA meM sammilita karane kA koI hetu prastuta nahIM hai - ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki vartamAna paramparA meM jo aGgabAhya For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [11 pAdana bhI karate haiN| anya granthoM ko jo mUlasUtroM meM ginA jAne lagA hai vaha yA to unake mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke kAraNa yA mUla Agama-granthoM se ghaniSTha sambandha hone ke kAraNa hai| jaise-piNDaniyukti dazavakAlika se aura oghaniyukti Avazyakanikti se sambandhita hone se, pAkSikasUtra Avazyaka kA hI eka aMga hone se, dazavaikAlikacalikAe~ dazavaikAlika ke hI aMzarUpa hone se tathA naMdI aura anuyogadvAra ke samasta AgamagranthoM kI vizleSaNarUpa bhUmikA hone se inheM mUlasUtroM ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi ke pUrva mUlasUtra ke viSaya meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ke matoM kA paryavekSaNa Avazyaka hai| 1. jArla zAnTiyara ne mahAvIra ke zabda hone se inheM mUlasUtra kahA hai| parantu yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki mahAvIra ke zabda hone ke nAte AcArAMga Adi ko hI mUla saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai, aMgabAhya ko nhiiN| isake atirikta aMga aura aMgabAhya granthoM ko chedasUtra, mUlasUtra, prakIrNaka Adi bhAgoM meM bA~TA jAtA hai unameM se Avazyaka ko kisa vibhAga meM rakhA jAegA ? Avazyaka ke mahattvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa mUlasUtra meM hI rakhanA ucita hai| anya vibhAgoM meM rakhA nahIM jA sktaa| ata: yA to ise mUlasUtra vibhAga meM hI rakhA jAe yA phira anya prakAra se vibhAga kI kalpanA kI jAe / AcArya tulasI ne (da0 u0, bhUmikA, pR0 6) mUlasUtra kahe jAne ke kAraNa ko batalAte hue likhA hai-'AcAra kI jAnakArI ke lie AcArAMga mUlabhUta thA, vaise hI dazavaikAlika bhI AcArajJAna ke lie mUlabhUta bana gyaa| saMbhava hai, Adi meM par3he jAne ke kAraNa tathA muni kI aneka mUlabhUta pravRttiyoM ke udbodhaka hone ke kAraNa inheM mUlasUtra kI saMjJA dI gii|' isase bhI spaSTa hai ki 'Avazyaka' muni kI Avazyaka kriyA kA pratipAdaka hone ke nAte kyoM nahIM mUlasUtra kahA jAegA? 1. ......Mala in the sense of 'original text', and perhaps not so much in opposition to the later abridgments and commentaries as merely to denote the actual words of Mahavira himself. -u0 zA0, bhUmikA, pR0 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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1.2 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana sabhI granthoM kA sambandha arthataH mahAvIra ke vacanoM se hai / dazavaikAlikasUtra zayyaMbhava kI racanA hone tathA piNDaniyukti Adi bhI bAda kI racanAe~ hone se uparyukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai / yaha kathana kucha aMzoM meM uttarAdhyayana evaM Avazyaka kI apekSA se ThIka hai| mAlUma par3atA hai ki zArpenTiyara ke isa kathana kA AdhAra uttarAdhyayana kI antima gAthA rahI hai jisameM batalAyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayanoM kA varNana karake parinirvANa ko prApta ho gaye / ' isI taraha 'samayaM goyama mA pamAyae', 'suyaM me Ausa tegaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM' Adi sUtrasthala rahe haiM / DA0 gerino " evaM pro0 paTavardhana kA bhI yahI mata hai / 4 pa 2. pro0 vinTaranitsa ne mUla zabda kA artha TIkAoM ke AdhArabhUta 'mUlagrantha ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / isakA tAtparya hai ki ina 1. iya pAukare buddhe nAyae parinivvae / chattIsaM uttarajjhAe bhavasiddhIyasaMvaDe / - u0 36. 266. 2. u. 10.1-36. 3. u. 16.1 (gadya) / 4. u. 26. 1 ( prArambhika gadya); 2.1 ( gadya), 46 Adi / 5. Guerinot (La Religion, Djaina, P. 79 ) translates Mulasutra by "trates originaux." - ke. li . jai., pR. 42. 6. "Thus the term Mula-sutra would mean "the original text" i. e. "the text containing the original words of Mahavira (as received directly from his mouth). - dI dazavekAlika sUtra : e sTaDI, pR0 16. 7. Why these texts are called " root-sutras" is not quite clear. Generally the word mula is used in the sense of "fundamental text" in contra-distinction to the commentary. Now as there are old and important commentaries in existence precisely in the case of these texts, they were probably termed "Mula-texts." - hi. i. li., bhAga 2, pR. 466, pAda-TippaNI 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra [ 13 sUtra granthoM ke Upara mahattvapUrNa prAcIna TIkAeM upalabdha haiM / ataH ina TIkAoM se mUla grantha kA pArthakya batalAne ke lie hI 'mUlasUtra' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / parantu yaha kathana ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki kevala TIkAoM se bheda batalAne ke lie hI mUla zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai / piNDaniyukti aura oghaniyukti bhI to vAstava meM TIkAeM hI haiM / isake atirikta anya kaI granthoM para bhI TIkAeM likhI gaI phira unheM kyoM nahIM mUlasUtra kahA gayA ? aneka TIkAoM kA likhA jAnA unakI prasiddhi, upayogitA evaM prAmANikatA kA paricAyaka hai / vebara bhI mUlasUtra zabda kA artha sUtra se atirikta kucha nahIM mAnate / ' 3. DA0 zubriMga ne prArambhika sAdhu jIvana ke mUlabhUta niyamoM ke pratipAdaka hone ke kAraNa inheM mUlasUtra kahA hai / 2 pro0 eca0 Ara0 kApar3iyA, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI 4, AcArya tulasI" Adi vidvAn kucha saMzodhana ke sAtha isI siddhAnta ke pakSa meM haiM / bahuta kucha aMzoM meM yaha kathana ucita bhI pratIta hotA hai| ina vibhinna matoM ko dekhane tathA mUlAcAra, mUlArAdhanA Adi granthoM meM prayukta 'mUla' zabda kA artha dekhane se patA calatA hai ki mUla kA artha hai-bIjarUpatA / uttarAdhyayana Adi 1. dekhie - jai0 sA0 I0 pU0 pR0 701. 2. .This designation seems to mean that these four works are intended to serve the Jain monks and nuns in the beginning (mUla) of their career. - dasaveyAliya- sutta, bhUmikA, pR0 3 ( udadhRtake0 li0 jai0, pR0 42). 3. "My personal view is the same as one expressed by Prof. Schubring and mentioned on P. 42. - ke0li0 jai0, pR0 43. 4. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 192. 5. da0 u0, bhUmikA, pR0 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana malasatroM meM aMgagranthoM meM nihita siddhAnta evaM AcAra kA bIjarUpa se varNana kiyA gayA hai jinakA adhyayana karane para anya sUtragranthoM ko samajhanA sahaja ho jAtA hai| ataH inakA adhyayana anya granthoM kI apekSA pahale kiyA jAtA thaa| ye sarala tathA navadIkSita sAdhuoM ke lie prArambhika abhyAsAvasthA meM siddhAnta evaM AcAra kA jJAna karAne ke lie upayogI haiN| isa taraha mUlasUtra se tAtparya hai jo navadIkSita sAdhuoM ke lie prArambhika abhyAsa kI avasthA meM sAdhujIvana ke mUlabhUta AcAra evaM siddhAnta. kA sarala DhaMga se spaSTa jJAna kraaeN| yahA~ para yaha dhyAna rakhanA jarUrI hai ki yaha 'mUlasUtra' kA vicAra aMgabAhya granthoM kI apekSA se hai kyoMki aMgapraviSTa sabhI grantha gaNadhara-praNIta hone se mUla-grantha hI haiN| mUlarUpatA evaM prAcInatA kI dRSTi se aMgabAhya graMthoM meM tIna hI mUlasUtra haiN| anya piNDaniyukti Adi racanAe~ apane mahattva ke kAraNa mUlasUtroM meM ginI jAtI haiN| uttarAdhyayana-sUtra kA paricaya : uttarAdhyayana meM 36 adhyayana (adhyAya) haiM jinameM sAmAnyarUpa se sAdhu ke AcAra evaM tattvajJAna kA sarala evaM subodha zailI meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| samavAyAMga sUtra ke 36veM samavAya meM uttarAdhyayana ke jina 36 adhyayanoM ke nAma milate haiM unase vartamAna uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana kucha bhinna haiM / 2 nAmoM meM sAmAnya antara parilakSita hone para bhI viSaya kI daSTi se koI antara pratIta nahIM 1. AyArassa u uri, uttarajjhayaNA u Asi puvvaM tu / dasaveyAliya uvariM, iyANi kiM te na hoMti u / - vyavahArabhASya, uddezaka 3, gAthA 176. vizeSazcAyaM yathA -- zayyambhavaM yAvadeSa kramaH, tadA''ratastu dazavakAlikottarakAlaM paThyanta iti / - u0 bRhadvRtti, patra 5. 2. uttarAdhyayana-niyukti aura samavAyAMga ke anusAra uttarAdhyayana ke nAmAdi viSayaka sAmya-vaiSamya : For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [15 hotA hai kyoMki donoM prakAra ke nAmoM ke sAtha viSayagata saMgati ThIka baiTha jAtI hai| ina 36 adhyayanoM ke nAmAdi isa prakAra haiM . adhyayana nAma adhyayana nAma sUtra-saMkhyA viSayavastu (u.ni. ke anusAra) samavAyAMga ke (AtmArAma (u.ni. ke anusAra TIkA ke anusAra) anusAra) padya+gadya 1. viNayasurya viNayasuyaM 48 - vinaya 2. parIsaha parIsaha 46 +3 prApta kaSTa-sahana kA vidhAna 3. cauraMgijja cAuraMgijja 20 - cAra durlabha aMgoM kA pratipAdana 4. ' asaMkhayaM asaMkhayaM 13 - pramAda aura apramAda kA kathana 5. akAmamaraNaM. akAmamaraNijja 32 - maraNavibhakti (akAma aura sakAmamaraNa) . 6. niyaMTha (khuDDAganiyaMTha) purisavijjA 17 + 1 vidyA aura AcaraNa 7. orabbhaM urabhijja 30 - rasalolupatA kA tyAga 5 kAvilijja kAvilijja 20 - alobha 9. NamipajjA namipavvajjA 62 . -- niSprakampa bhAva 10. dumapattayaM dumapattayaM 37 -- anuzAsana 11. bahusuyapujja bahusuyapUjA 32 - bahuzrata kI pUjA 12. hariesa harie sijja 47 - tapa kA aizvarya 13. cittasaMbhUi cittasaM bhUyaM 35 ... nidAna (bhogA bhilASA) 14. usuArija usukArijjaM 53 - anidAna 15. sabhikkha sabhikkhu gaM 16 bhikSu ke guNa 16. samAhiThANaM samAhiThANAI 17+ 10 brahmacarya kI ____ (u. tu. 12) guptiyA~ For Personal & Private Use Only

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16] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 1. vinayazruta - isameM 48 gAthAe~ (padya) haiM, jinameM vinayadharma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / prasaMgavaza vinIta evaM avinIta ziSyoM ke guNadoSAdi ke varNana ke sAtha guru ke kartavyoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| guru-ziSya-sambandha jAnane ke lie yaha adhyayana bahuta hI upayogI hai / dazavaikAlika kA nauvA~ adhyayana bhI vinayaviSayaka hai / 17. 18. 16. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24 25. pAvasamaNijjaM saMjajjaM 27. 28. 26. miyacAriyA ke sigoyamijjaM . jannaijjaM 26. sAmAyArI khalu kijjaM mukha appamAo ( sammattaparakkama ) pAvasa maNijjaM 21 saMjaijjaM niyaMThijjaM ( mahAniyaMTha ) aNAhapavvajjA 60 samuddhapAlijjaM samuddapAlijjaM 24 rahamI rahane mijjaM 54 pApavarjana bhoga va Rddhi ( u. tu. 53 ) kA parityAga aparikarma samao (pavaNamAyA) samitIo miyacAritA 66 (u.zA. 68 ) ( apanI pari ( u0 tu. 68) caryA na karanA) anAthatA vicitra caryA : ( AcaraNa ) 51 -- AcaraNa kA ( u . zA. 46 ) sthirIkaraNa goyama ke sijjaM 86 ( u. tu. 46 ) . 27 -- -- - jannatajjaM samAyArI 53 (u. tu. 52 ) khalu kijjaM 17 mokkhamaggagaI 36 appamAo 45 (u. tu. 43 ) - dharma (caturyA paMcayAmarUpa) kA sthirIkaraNa samitiyAM ( guptiyoM ke sAtha ) brAhmaNa ke guNa - For Personal & Private Use Only sAmAcArI azaThatA mokSamArga 74 apramAda

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [17 2. parISaha-sAdhu ke saMyamI jIvana meM AnevAlI pramukha 22 bAdhAoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie pratyeka kA do-do padyoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| prArambha meM bhUmikA-rUpa kucha gadyakhaNDa hai aura anta meM upasaMhArAtmaka padya / 3. caturaGgIya-bIsa gAthAoM meM mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta cAra durlabha aMgoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| prasaMgavaza karmoM kI . vicitratA tathA devoM ke amaratva kA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai| 4. asaMskRta-teraha gAthAoM meM saMsAra kI kSaNabhaGguratA kA pratipAdana karake bhAraNDapakSI kI taraha apramatta rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isameM jIvana ke asaMskRtarUpa (nazvaratA) kA citraNa hone se isakA nAma asaMskRta par3A hai| yaha sabase choTA adhyayana hai / 5. akAmamaraNa-isameM battIsa gAthAe~ haiM jinameM dhArmika aura adhArmika kI mRtyu kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dharmahIna sAmAnya vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu ko akAmamaraNa aura dhArmika vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu ko sakAmamaraNa, samAdhimaraNa, paNDitamaraNa Adi nAmoM se kahA gayA hai| sAmAnya vyaktiyoM ke maraNa ke AdhAra para isakA nAma akAmamaraNa rakhA gayA hai| 6. kSallaka-nirgranthIya-isameM 17 gAthAoM ke sAtha anta meM thor3A-sA gadya-khaNDa hai| vidvAn kauna hai ? mUrkha kauna hai ? isakA 30. tava tavomaggo 37 tapasyA 31. caraNa caraNavihI 21 cAritra 32. pamAyaThANaM pamAyaThANAI 111 pramAdasthAna 33. kammappayaDI kammapagaDI 25 karma 34. lesA lesajjhayaNaM 61 lezyA 35. aNagAramagge aNagAramagge 21 bhikSu ke guNa 36. jIvAjIvavibhattI jIvAjIvavi- 266 jIva-ajIva bhattI (u.zA. 267) kA vivecana (u. tu. 268) -dekhie-u. ni., gAthA 13-26, 236, 425, 458, 503; samavA. 36vAM samavAya / For Personal & Private Use Only

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15] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana paricaya dekara jaina sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra-vicAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ataH isakA nAma kSullaka-nirgranthIya ( jainasAdhu ) rakhA gayA hai / samavAyAMga meM isakA nAma jo 'puruSavidyA' milatA hai usakA AdhAra isa adhyayana kI pahalI gAthA ( jAvaMtavijjApurisA0 ) hai / 7. elaya ( urabhrIya ) - elaya aura urabhra kA artha hai - bakarA / prArambha meM atithi ke bhoja ke lie svAmI ke dvArA pAle jAne vAle kare Adi ke dRSTAnta se saMsArAsakta jIvoM kI durdazA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isake bAda dharmAcaraNa se hone vAle zubha phala kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bakare ke dRSTAnta kI pramukhatA hone se isa adhyayana kA nAma elaya rakhA gayA haiM / isameM 30 gAthAe~ haiM / 8. kApilIya - isake prarUpaka kapilaRSi' haiM ataH isakA nAma kApilIya rakhA gayA hai / isameM bIsa gAthAoM dvArA durgati se bacane ke lie lobhatyAga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / 6. namitravrajyA - isameM 62 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM pravrajyA ke lie abhiniSkramaNa karanevAle rAjarSi nami kA brAhmaNavezadhArI indra ke sAtha AdhyAtmika saMvAda varNita hai jisameM pravrajyA ke samaya uThane vAle sAmAnya vyakti ke mAnasika antardvandva kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai / isa saMvAda meM brAhmaNaveSadhArI indra mAnasika antardvandvoM kA pratinidhitva karate hue prazna karate haiM aura pravrajyAbhilASI rAjarSi nami uttara dete hue una mAnasika antardvandvoM kA samAdhAna karate haiM / isa prakAra kA antardvandva prAyaH sabhI pravrajitoM ke hRdaya meM uThanA svAbhAvika hai / nami kI pravrajyA kA varNana hone se isakA nAma namipravrajyA rakhA gayA hai / 10. drumapatraka - isameM saiMtIsa gAthAe~ haiM / prArambha meM vRkSa ke pIle patte ke dRSTAnta dvArA jIvana kI kSaNabhaGguratA kA pratipAdana hai ataH isa adhyayana kA nAma drumapatraka rakhA gayA hai / isameM gautama ko lakSya karake sAdhu ko apramatta rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| 1. ii esa dhamme akkhAe kavileNaM ca visuddhapanneNaM / - u08.200 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [16 pratyeka gAthA ke anta meM 'samayaM goyama mA pamAyae' tathA antima gAthA meM 'siddhi gaI gae goyame' pada AyA hai| 11. bahuzruta-pUjA-isameM 32 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM zAstrajJa vyakti (bahuzruta) kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| prArambha meM vinaya adhyayana kI taraha vinIta aura avinIta ziSyoM ke guNa-doSAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vinIta ko bahuzruta aura avinIta ko abahuzruta kahA hai / ... 12. harikezIya-isameM 47 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM cANDAla jaisI nIca jAti meM utpanna harikezibala mani ke udAtta caritra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta harikezibala aura brAhmaNoM ke madhya hue saMvAda meM karmaNA jAtivAda kI sthApanA, tapa kA prakarSa tathA ahiMsA-yajJa kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 13. cittasaMbhatIya-isameM citta aura saMbhUta nAma ke do bhAiyoM ke chaH janmoM kI pUrva-kathA kA saMketa hai| puNya-karma ke nidAna-bandha ke kAraNa bhogAsakta saMbhUta ke jIva (brahmadatta cakravartI) kA patana tathA saMyamI cittamuni kA utthAna batalAkara jIvoM ko dharmAbhimukha hone tathA usake phala kI abhilASA (nidAna) na karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu-dharma kA pAlana na kara sakane para vyakti ko gRhastha-dharma kA pAlana avazya karanA caahie| isameM 35 gAthAeM haiN| ::. 14. iSukArIya-tripana gAthAoM meM iSukAra nagara ke 6 jIvoM - ke abhiniSkramaNa kA vairAgyotpAdaka varNana hone se isakA nAma . iSukArIya rakhA gayA hai| isameM pati-patnI tathA pitA-putra ke bIca honevAle saMvAda dArzanika viSayoM se sambandhita hokara bhI prabhAvotpAdaka haiN| . 15. sabhikSu-isakI solaha gAthAoM meM sAdhuoM ke sAmAnya gaNoM kA varNana hai| pratyeka gAthA ke anta meM 'sa bhikkha' pada AyA hai| ataH isa adhyayana kA nAma 'sabhikSu' rakhA gayA hai / dazavaikAlika ke 10veM adhyayana kA bhI nAma 'sabhikSu' hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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20] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra: eka parizIlana 16. brahmacarya-samAdhisthAna-isakI satraha gAthAoM meM brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie 10 bAtoM kA tyAga Avazyaka batalAyA hai| brahmacarya kA mahattva prakaTa karane vAle isa adhyayana ko gadya tathA padya meM punarAvRtta kiyA gayA hai| 17. pApazramaNIya-isameM pathabhraSTa zramaNa (sAdhu) kA varNana hone se isakA nAma pApazramaNIya rakhA gayA hai| isakI 21 gAthAoM meM se tIsarI gAthA se lekara unnIsavIM gAthA paryanta pratyeka gAthA ke anta meM 'pAvasamaNi tti vuccaI' pada AyA hai| 15. saMjaya'-isameM 54 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM rAjarSi saMjaya kI dIkSA lene kA varNana hai| prasaMgavaza kaI rAjAoM Adi kA ullekha hai jinhoMne sAdhudharma meM dIkSita hokara mukti prApta kI thii| 16. mRgAputrIya-isameM 66 gAthAeM haiM jinameM mRgAputra kI vairAgyasambandhI kathA ke sAtha mRgAputra aura usake mAtA-pitA ke bIca honevAlA saMvAda bahuta hI sundara hai| isameM sAdhu ke AcAra ke pratipAdana ke sAtha prasaMgavaza nArakIya kaSToM kA bhI varNana hai| mRgacaryA ke dRSTAnta dvArA bhikSAcaryA kA varNana hone se saMbhavataH samavAyAMga meM isakA nAma 'mRgacaryA' diyA gayA ho jo bAda meM mRgAputra kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa mRgAputrIyaM kara diyA gayA ho| 20. mahAnirgranthIya-isameM 60 gAthAe~ haiM / isameM anAthI muni aura rAjA zreNika ke bIca sanAtha aura anAthaviSayaka saMvAda bar3A hI rocaka hai| anAthI muni kI pravrajyA kI ghaTanA kA vizeSarUpa se varNana hone ke kAraNa samavAyAMga meM saMbhavataH anAthapravrajyA nAma diyA gayA ho| prakRta-grantha meM jo mahAnirgranthIya nAma milatA 1. kucha TIkAkAroM ne isa adhyayana kA saMskRta nAma 'saMyatIya' likhA hai jabaki prAkRta meM 'saMjaijja' nAma hai| saMjaya rAjA kA varNana hone se 'saMjaya' nAma hI ThIka pratIta hotA hai / yAkobI tathA niyuktikAra kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai| -dekhie-se0 bu0 i0, bhAga-45, pR0 80; u0 ni0, gAthA 364. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 21 prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra hai usakA saMketa isa adhyayana kI do gAthAoM meM milatA hai / " mahAnirgrantha kA artha hai - sarvavirata sAdhu / isa taraha kSullakanirgranthIya adhyayana kA hI vizeSa rUpa se varNana karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma mahAnirgranthIya hai / 21. samudrapAlIya - isameM 24 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM vaNik - putra samudrapAla kI kathA ke sAtha prasaMgAnukUla sAdhu ke AcAra kA varNana hai / 22. rathanamIya - isakI 51 gAthAoM meM yaduvaMzI ariSTanemI, kRSNa, rAjImatI, rathanemI Adi kA caritra citraNa hai / yaha adhyayana kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / rathanemI ke saMyamacyuta hone para rAjImatI ke upadeza se saMyama meM dRr3ha hone kI ghaTanA ko pradhAnatA dene ke kAraNa isakA nAma rathanemIya rakhA gayA hai / anyathA rAjImatI aura ariSTanemI kI bhI prabhAvotpAdaka ghaTanA ke AdhAra para isa adhyayana kA nAma rakhA jA sakatA thA / dazavaikAlika kA drumapuSpita adhyayana isase sAmya rakhatA hai / 23. kezigautamIya - isameM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ziSya kezI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama ke bIca eka hI dharma meM sacelaacela, cAra mahAvrata aura pA~ca mahAvrata rUpa paraspara viparIta dvividha dharma ke viSaya-bheda ko lekara eka saMvAda hotA hai jisameM samayAnukUla dharma meM parivartana Avazyaka samajhakara samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| yaha adhyayana kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / isase vartamAna meM pracalita dharmaviSayaka matabhedoM ke samanvaya kI preraNA milatI hai| isameM z2ainadharma ke zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do sampradAyoM ke bheda kA srota bhI spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai / gAthAe~ 86 haiM / 24. samitIya - nemicandra kI vRtti meM isakA nAma 'pravacanamAtA' milatA hai kyoMki isameM pravacanamAtAoM (gupti aura samiti ) 1. maggaM kusIlANa jahAya savvaM mahAniyaMThANa vae paheNaM / - u0 20.51. mahAniyaNThajjamiNaM mahAsuyaM se kAhae mahayA vityareNaM / For Personal & Private Use Only - u0 20.53.

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22 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kA varNana hai| pravacanamAtA ke artha meM samiti zabda kA bhI prayoga hone se samitIya nAma bhI upayukta hai|' isakI gAthA-saMkhyA 27 hai| 25. yajJIya-isameM 45 gAthAe~ haiN| jayaghoSa mUni yajJa-maNDapa meM brAhmaNoM ke sAtha honevAle saMvAda meM sacce brAhmaNa kA svarUpa, yajJa kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA aura karma se jAtivAda kI sthApanA karate hue sAdhu ke AcAra kA varNana karate haiN| isakI 16 se 26 gAthAoM ke anta meM 'taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM' pada punarAvRtta hai| 'sabhikSu' aura 'pApa-zramaNIya' adhyayana kI taraha isakA nAma 'sabrAhmaNa' rakhA jA sakatA thA parantu brAhmaNoM ke mukhya karma yajJa ko dRSTi meM rakhakara tathA yajJaviSayaka AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA hone se isakA nAma 'yajJIya' rakhA gayA hai| yadyapi harikezIya-adhyayana meM bhI yajJaviSayaka ghaTanA varNita hai parantu vahA~ para harikezI ko hI pradhAnatA dene ke kAraNa 'harikezIya' nAma rakhA gayA hai| 26. sAmAcAro-isameM 53 gAthAe~ haiN| sAdha kI sAmAnya samyak dina aura rAtricaryA kA varNana hone se isakA nAma sAmAcArI rakhA gayA hai| 27. khaluGa kIya-khaluGkIya kA artha hai-duSTa bail| isameM duSTa baila ke dRSTAnta dvArA avinIta ziSyoM kI kriyAoM kA varNana hai ataH isakA nAma khaluGakIya rakhA gayA hai| avinIta ziSyoM kA saMparka hone para sAdhu ke karttavyoM ko bhI batalAyA gayA hai| gAthAsaMkhyA 17 hai| 28. mokSamArgagati-isameM 36 gAthAe~ haiN| mokSamArga (ratnatraya) kA varNana hone se isakA nAma mokSamArgagati hai| 26. samyaktva-parAkrama-isameM jJAna, zraddhA (darzana) aura sadAcAra ke vibhinna aMzoM ko lekara 73 praznottaroM meM AdhyAtmika 1. aTThapavayaNamAyAo samiI guttI taheva ya / -u0 24.1. eyAo aTTha samiIo samAyeNa viyAhiyA / -u0 24.3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [23 vikAsa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha pUrA adhyayana gadya meM hai| dUsare aura solahaveM adhyayana kI taraha 'suyaM me AusaM teNa bhagavayA' Adi gadyAMza adhyayana ke prArambha meM punarAvRtta hai| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke samyaktva-rUpa hone se isakA nAma 'samyaktva-parAkrama' rakhA gayA hai| samavAyAMga meM isakA nAma 'apramAda' hai| parantu prakRtagrantha meM isa adhyayana kA nAma spaSTa rUpa se samyaktva-parAkrama hI milatA hai|' isase pratIta hotA hai ki saMbhavataH yaha adhyayana lupta ho gayA ho jo bAda meM gadya-khaNDa meM likhA gayA ho| isameM varNita 73 praznottaroM kA varNana nyUnAdhikarUpa se bhagavatIsUtra ( vyAkhyAprajJapti ) meM bhI milatA hai / 30. tapomArga-isameM tapazcaryA kA varNana hone se isakA nAma tapomArga hai / isameM 37 gAthAe~ haiM / 31. caraNavidhi-isameM 1-33 kI saMkhyA ko mAdhyama banAkara kramazaH sAdhu ke cAritra aura jJAna se sambandhita kucha siddhAntoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prathama gAthA meM cAritra kI vidhi ke varNana kI pratijJA hone se isakA nAma 'caraNavidhi' rakhA gayA hai / samavAyAMga aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI isI prakAra saMkhyA-gaNanA dvArA jaina-siddhAntoM kA varNana milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM mAtra siddhAntoM kA saMketa hai jabaki samavAyAMga Adi meM vistRta varNana / isakI 21 gAthAoM meM se 7-20 ke antima do caraNa jyoM ke tyoM punarAvRtta haiN| tIsare se chaThe padya meM tIsare caraNa kI mAtra kriyA meM parivartana hai, zeSa antima do caraNa pUrvavat punarAvRtta haiM / - 32. pramAdasthAnIya-indriyoM kI rAga-dveSamayI pravRtti ko pramAdasthAnIya mAnakara isa adhyayana kA nAma pramAdasthAnIya rakhA gayA hai| isameM 111 gAthAe~ haiN| isakI 21vIM gAthA meM varNita 1. iha khalu sammattaparakkame nAma ajjhayaNe samaNeNa bhagavayA mahAvIreNa kAsaveNaM paveie jaM samma " / -u0 26 kA prArambhika tathA 74 vAM gadyAMza / 2. se0 bu0 i0, bhAga-45, pR0 80. For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 ] . uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . . viSaya' kA hI Age kI gAthAoM meM vistAra huA hai| isameM manojJAmanojJa viSayoM kI ora pravRtta indriyoM kI vRtti ko haTAne kA mukhyarUpa se upadeza diyA gayA hai| 33. karmaprakRti-isameM 25 gAthAe~ haiN| karmoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM (prakRtiyoM) kA varNana hone se isakA nAma karmaprakRti rakhA gayA hai| 34. lezyA-isameM 61 gAthAe~ haiN| karmoM kI sthiti meM vizeSarUpa se sahAyaka lezyAoM kA varNana hone se isakA nAma lezyA-adhyayana hai| 35. anagAra-anagAra kA artha hai- gRhatyAgI sAdhu / isakI 21 gAthAoM meM sAdhu ke guNoM kA varNana hai ataH isakA nAma 'anAgAra' rakhA gayA hai| 36. jIvAjIvavibhakti-isameM cetana (jIva) aura acetana (ajIva) kA savistAra varNana hone se isakA nAma jIvAjIvavibhakti rakhA gayA hai| isameM 266 gAthAe~ haiM aura yaha sabase bar3A adhyy| hai| adhyayana ke anta meM samAdhimaraNa (sallekhanA) kA bhI varNana hai| isakI antima gAthA meM uttarAdhyayana ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA antima upadeza kahA hai aura grantha ke adhyayanoM kI 36 saMkhyA kA saMketa kiyA hai| isa taraha ina adhyayanoM meM mukhyarUpa se saMsAra kI asAratA tathA sAdha ke AcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi uttarAdhyayana kA dharmakathAnuyoga meM parigaNana kiyA gayA hai| parantu isa meM AcAra kA pratipAdana hone se caraNAnayoga kA aura dArzanika siddhAntoM kA varNana hone se dravyAnuyoga kA bhI mizraNa 1. je indiyANaM visayA maNunnA na tesu bhAvaM nisire kyaaii| na yAmaNunnesu maNaM pi kujjA samAhikAme samaNe tavassI // -u0 32. 21. 2. atra dhmmaannuyogenaadhikaarH| 2 -u0 cUNi, pR0 1. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [ 25 ho gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke ina 36 avyayanoM meM se kucha adhyayana zuddha dArzanika siddhAntoM kA, kucha dhammapada kI taraha upadezAtmaka sAdhu ke AcAra evaM nIti kA aura kucha kathA evaM saMvAda ke dvArA sAdhu ke AcAra kA hI pratipAdana karate haiN| moTerUpa se nimna vibhAjana saMbhava hai : (a) zuddha dArzanika siddhAntoM ke pratipAdaka adhyayana-24vA~ samitIya, 26vAM sAmAcArI, 28vA~ mokSamArgagati, 26vA~ samyaktva-parAkrama, 30vA~ tapomArga, 31vAM caraNavidhi, 33vA~ karmaprakRti, 34vA~ lezyA aura 36vA~ jiivaajiivvibhkti| inake atirikta dUsare aura solahaveM adhyayana kA gdy-bhaag| .(ba) nIti evaM upadezapradhAna adhyayana-1lA vinaya, 2rA . parISaha, 3rA caturaGgIya, 4thA asaMskRta, 5vA~ akAmamaraNa, 6ThA kSullaka-nirgranthIya, 7vA~ elaya, davA~ kApilIya, 10vA druma-patraka, 11vA~ bahuzrutapUjA, 15vA~ sabhikSu, 16vA~ brahmacarya-samAdhisthAna kA padyabhAga, 17vA~ pApazramaNIya, 27vA~ khaluGkIya, 32vA~ pramAdasthAnIya aura 35vA~ anagAra / (sa) AkhyAnAtmaka adhyayana -havA~ namipravrajyA, 12vA~ harikezIya, 13vA~ cittasaMbhUtIya, 14vA~ iSukArIya, 18 vA~ saMjaya (saMyatIya), 19vA~ mRgAputrIya, 20vA~ mahAnirgranthIya, 21vA~ samudrapAlIya, 22vA~ rathanemIya, 23vA~ kezigautamIya aura 25 vA~ yjnyiiy| isa taraha Upara jina adhyayanoM kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai vaha .. pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se hai|' anyathA isa prakAra kA vibhAjana 1. DA0 nemicandra ne apane prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya ke AlocanAtmaka itihAsa (pR0 193) meM yajJIya-adhyayana ko isa vibhAga meM nahIM ginAyA hai aura kApilIya ko isa vibhAga meM ginAyA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI TIkAoM meM kapila-RSi kI kathA milatI hai jisakI puSTi uttarAdhyayana ke kucha padyoM se hotI hai| isa adhyayana meM AkhyAna kI utanI pradhAnatA nahIM hai jitanI upadeza kI pradhAnatA hai| kyoMki isa adhyayana ke prathama padya For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki prAyaH sabhI adhyayanoM meM saiddhAntika carcA Adi kA sammizraNa hai / uparyukta jina adhyayanoM kI gAthA - saMkhyAe~ dI gaI haiM ve AtmArAmajI ke saMskaraNa ke AdhAra para dI gaI haiM / vahaanyatrakahIM-kahIM 2-3 saMkhyAoM kA antara pAyA jAtA hai / parantu koI khAsa mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / ina adhyayanoM meM Apasa meM yadyapi koI sambandha pratIta nahIM hotA hai parantu kucha TIkAkAroM ne unameM sambandha sthApita karane kI koziza kI hai / racayitA evaM racanAkAla : uttarAdhyayana sUtra kisI eka vyakti ke dvArA kisI eka kAla meM likhI gaI racanA nahIM hai apitu yaha eka saMkalana -grantha hai / zuddha meM durgati meM na le jAnevAle karma ke viSaya meM koI prazna pUchatA hai to kapila RSi usakA uttara dete haiM, aisA aMtima gAthA se sUcita hotA hai / yaha saMbhava hai ki unhoMne jo upadeza diyA hai vaha unake jIvana se samba ndhita ho aura TIkAkAroM ne use apanA liyA ho / athavA isakA pUrvarUpa anya rahA ho / zArpenTiyara ne bhI apanI uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA, pR0 44 meM uparyukta tathya ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai / samyaktva - parAkrama meM yadyapi praznottara-zailI hai parantu vaha zuddha saiddhAntika va varNanAtmaka hI hai| elaka-adhyayana meM bakare ke dRSTAnta kI pramukhatA hone se use AkhyAnAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai / parantu vAstava meM vahA~ pradhAnatA nIti evaM upadeza kI hI hai / jahA~ taka yajJIyaadhyayana kA prazna hai, usameM spaSTarUpa se do brAhmaNoM kA saMvAda hai / ata: use AkhyAnAtmaka vibhAga meM rakhanA hI ucita hai| AcArya tulasI (uttarajjhayaNANi, bhAga -1, bhUmikA, pR01 ) ne uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayanoM kA vibhAjana isa prakAra kiyA hai : 1. dharmakathAtmaka 14 adhyayana haiM - 7 se 6, 12 se 14, 18 se 23, 25, 27. 2. upadezAtmaka 6 adhyayana haiM - 1, 3 se 6, 10. 3. AcArAtmaka & adhyayana haiM - 2, 11, 15 se 17, 24, 26, 32, 35. 4. saiddhAntika 7 adhyayana haiM- 25 se 31, 33-34, 36. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [ 27 saiddhAntika viSayoM kA pratipAdana karanevAle adhyayana tathA gadyabhAga kucha bAda ke pratIta hote haiN| zeSa bhAga apekSAkRta adhika prAcIna hai| inameM bhI samaya-samaya para saMzodhana evaM parivartana hote rahe haiN| AgamoM ke saMkalana ke lie zvetAmbara-paramparA ke . anusAra . honevAlI tIna vAcanAoM (sammelanoM)' se isa bAta kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| - bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa (I0 pU0 527) ke lagabhaga 160 varSa bAda candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM magadha meM bhayaMkara akAla (durbhikSa) par3A jisase bahata se sAdhu bhadrabAha ke netRtva meM samudra taTa kI ora cale gaye / jo bAkI bace ve sthUlabhadra (svargagamana vI0ni0 saM0 216) ke sAtha vahIM rhe| akAla ke dUra hone para sthUlabhadra ke netRtva meM pATaliputra meM jaina-sAdhuoM kA eka sammelana huA aura maukhika cale A rahe aMga-granthoM kA saMkalana kiyA gyaa| bArahavAM aMga dRSTivAda bhadrabAhu ko chor3akara kisI ko yAda nahIM thaa| ataH usakA bAda meM saMkalana nahIM ho sakA aura zanaiH-zanaiH vaha lupta ho gyaa| isake bAda (mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 827 yA 840 varSa bAda, I0 san 300-313) Arya skandila ke netRtva meM dUsarA sammelana mathurA meM bulAyA gayA / isa sammelana meM jise jo yAda thA use saMkalita kara liyA gyaa| karIba isI samaya nAgArjunasUri ke netRtva meM valabhI (saurASTra) meM eka dUsarA sammelana huaa| isake bAda donoM netA Apasa meM mila nahIM sake jisase pAThabheda banA raha gyaa| mahAvIra-nirvANa ke lagabhaga 980-663 varSa pazcAta valabhI meM hI devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM eka tIsarA sammelana huaa| .1. prA0 sA0 i0, pR0 36-36. bauddha sAhitya meM bhI isI prakAra kI tIna saMgItiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai jinameM granthoM ko sudRr3ha kiyA gayA thaa| antima bauddha-saMgIti buddhaparinirvANa ke 236 varSa bAda azoka ke rAjyakAla meM huI thii| janoM kI aMtima vAcanA bahuta bAda (vI0 ni0680-663) meM huii| janoM ke sammelana kI taraha bauddha-saMgItiyoM kA kAraNa dubhikSa nahIM thaa| -dekhie-buddhacaryA, pR0 548-580. For Personal & Private Use Only

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28 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana ise cauthA sammelana bhI kaha sakate haiM / isa sammelana meM AgamoM ko saMkalita karake lipibaddha kara diyA gyaa| vartamAna meM upalabdha sabhI Agama-grantha isI vAcanA meM lipibaddha kie gae the|' isase spaSTa hai ki akAla Adi ke par3ane se tathA maukhikaparamparA se cale Ane ke kAraNa svAbhAvika hai ki AgamoM meM samayasamaya para (vismRti ke kAraNa) parivartana aura saMzodhana kie gae hoM tathA sammelana bulAkara unheM sudRr3ha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA ho| isa taraha I0 pU0 5 vIM zatAbdI se lekara I0 5 vIM zatAbdI taka (1000 varSa ke madhya ) unameM aneka saMzodhana evaM parivartana hote rahe jisase jaina Agama-grantha apane pUrNa mUlarUpa meM surakSita na raha ske| phira uttarAdhyayana meM aisA na huA ho, yaha sambhava nahIM hai| devadhigaNi kI adhyakSatA meM lipibaddha samavAyAMga meM uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayanoM ke nAma bhinna prakAra se Ane ke kAraNa yaha spaSTa hai ki vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM devadhigaNi kI vAcanA ke bAda bhI kucha saMzodhana avazya hue haiN| pAThabheda, viSaya kI punarAvRtti Adi kucha aise sAmAnya tattva haiM jinase isake saMzodhana evaM parivartana kI puSTi hotI hai / ina parivartanoM ke hone para bhI uttarAdhyayana kI mUlarUpatA adhika naSTa nahIM huI hai| aba yahA~ kucha tathyoM ko lekara isake prAcIna-rUpa aura arvAcIna-rUpa kA vicAra kiyA jAegA : uttarAdhyayana para milanevAle TIkA-sAhitya meM sarvaprathama AcArya bhadrabAhu kI niyukti milatI hai| inakA samaya vi0 saM0 500-600 ke bIca siddha hotA hai| isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki isa samaya se pUrva uttarAdhyayana apanI 1. digambara-paramparA isa prakAra kI vAcanAoM ko prAmANika nahIM mAnatI hai| usake anusAra mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda taka aMgajJAna kI paramparA rahI hai| kintu use saMkalita karane yA lipibaddha karane kA koI sAmUhika prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA / -dekhie-jai0 sA0 i0 pU0, pR0 528. 2. zramaNa, sitambara-1954, pR0 15. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [ 26 pUrNa-sthiti meM A cukA thaa| digambara-paramparA meM bhI isakA sAdara ullekha milane se spaSTa hai ki saMghabheda hone ke pUrva yaha mAnyatA prApta kara cukA thaa| anyathA isakA vahA~ ullekha na miltaa| kiMca, dazavaikAlika kI racanA meM uttarAdhyayana ke aMzoM kA AdhAra hone se tathA dazavakAlika kI racanA ho jAne para uttarAdhyayana kA dazavaikAlika ke bAda par3he jAne kA ullekha hone se' dazavaikAlika kI racanA ke pUrva isakI racanA honI caahie| dazavaikAlika ke kartA zayyaMbhavasUri kA kAla mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 75 varSa bAda mAnA jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI antima gAthA tathA anyatra bhI ullikhita isI prakAra ke pramANoM se pratIta hotA hai ki isake upadeSTA sAkSAt mahAvIra haiM jinhoMne apane nirvANa-prApti ke antima samaya meM binA pUche praznoM ke uttara ke rUpa meM upadeza diyA thA aura isake bAda parinirvANa ko prApta ho gaye the| saMbhavataH isIlie zAnTiyara uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA meM ise mahAvIra ke vacana svIkAra karate haiM / * Isa taraha uttarAdhyayana kI prAcInatA mahAvIra ke nirvANakAla taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| parantu isake viparIta bhI ullekha milate haiN| jaise-samavAyAMga-sUtra ke 55veM samavAya meM 55 puNyaphalavipAka aura 55 pApaphalavipAka ke adhyayanoM kA kathana karane ke uparAnta 1. dekhie-pR0 14, pA0 Ti0 1. 2. dekhie-pR012, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. SaTtriMzattamApraznavyAkaraNAnyabhidhAya ca / pradhAnaM nAmAdhyayanaM jagadgurUrabhAvayat // -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 10. 13. 224. teNaM kAleNaM......paNapannaM ajjhayaNAI kallANa phalavivAgAiM paNapannaM ajjhayaNAI pAvaphalavivAgAiM chattIsaM apuDhavAgaraNAiM vAgarittA pahANaM nAma ajjhayaNaM...parinivvuDe savvadukkhapahINe -kalpasUtra, 11 vI vaacnaa| .... uttarAdhyayanaM vIranirvANagamanaM tathA -harivaMzapurANa, 10. 134. For Personal & Private Use Only

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uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana - mahAvIra kA parinirvANa batalAyA gayA hai| parantu 36veM samavAya meM, jahA~ para uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayanoM ke nAma ginAye haiM, aisA koI ullekha nahIM hai / 2 isake atirikta kalpasUtra meM ullikhita pATha se pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn ne apane parinirvANa ke samaya 55 puNyaphala vipAka kA aura 55 pApaphala vipAka kA kathana karane ke uparAnta binA pUche hue 36 adhyayanoM kA bhI kathana kiyA thaa| kalpasUtra ke isa ullekha se grantha meM ullikhita kArikA (36.269). aura samavAyAMga se samanvaya ho jAtA hai| grantha meM eka sthAna para aura isI prakAra kI gAthA hai jahA~ para kSatriya-RSi saMjaya muni se kahate haiM ki vidyA aura cAritra se yukta satyavAdI-satyaparAkramI jJAtaputra bhagavAna mahAvIra isa tattva ko prakaTa karake parinirvANa ko prApta ho ge| ina ullekhoM se siddha hotA hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM mahAvIra kA antima upadeza hai| aba yahA~ eka zaMkA upasthita hotI hai ki aisA svIkAra karane para niyukti aura usake AdhAra para likhI gaI jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI cUrNi aura vAdivetAla zAntisUri kI TIkA kA yaha kathana ki uttarAdhyayana ke kucha adhyayana aMgagranthoM se (jaise-dRSTivAda se parISaha) lie gae haiM, kucha jina-bhASita (jaise-drumapatraka) haiM, kucha pratyeka-buddhoM (jaise-kApilIya) dvArA prarUpita haiM aura kucha 1. samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre aMtimarAiyaMsi paNapannaM ajjhayaNAI kallANaphalavivAgAI paNapannaM ajjhayaNAI pAvaphalavivAgAI vAgaritA siddha jAva savvadukkhappahINe / 2. chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNA paNNattA taM jhaa......| -samavA036vAM samavAya / 3. dekhie-pR0 26, pA0 Ti0 3. 4. ii pAukare buddhe nAyae pariNinvue / vijjAcaraNasaMpanne sacce saccaparakkame / -u0 18. 24. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [31 -saMvAdarUpa meM (jaise-kezigautamIya) kahe gaye haiM,' kaise saMgata hogA ? saMbhavataH niyuktikAra kA uparyukta kathana 'uttarAdhyayana ekakartRka nahIM haiM', kI apekSA se hI hai| ataH niyuktikAra 36veM adhyayana kI antima gAthA kI niyukti meM uttarAdhyayana kA mahattva batalAte hue spaSTa rUpa se ise jina-praNIta likhate haiN| isa taraha uttarAdhyayana ke racanAkAla kI avadhi mahAvIra-nirvANa ke kAla taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| - uttarakAla kI ora dRSTi DAlane se pratIta hotA hai ki isameM kucha aMza bAda meM jor3e gaye haiM jo lagabhaga tRtIya-valabhI-vAcanA taka ke avazya haiN| digambara granthoM meM uttarAdhyayana kA jo viSaya batalAyA gayA hai usase dUsare parISaha adhyayana ko chor3akara zeSa adhikAMza bhAga saMghabheda ke bAda kA pratIta hotA hai| isase kama se kama itanA to spaSTa hai ki uttarAdhyayana apane aparivartita rUpa meM nahIM 1. aMgappabhavA jiNabhAsiyA ya patteya buddhsNvaayaa| 'baMdhe mukkhe ya kayA chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNA // -u0 ni0, gAthA 4; isI niyukti para zAntisUri kI TIkA, pR0 5 ; u0 cUrNi, pR0 7... 2. cauvihovasaggANaM bAvIsaparissahANaM ca sahaNavihANaM / sahaNaphalamedamhAdo edamuttaramidi ca uttarajjheNaM vaNedi / -kasAyapAhuDa-jayadhavalATIkA, bhAga-1, pR0 120. uttarajjhayaNaM uggamuppAyaNesaNadosagayapAyacchittavihANaM kAlAdivise sidaM pruuvedi| -SaTakhaNDAgama, pustaka 6, pR0 160. uttarANi ahijjati uttarajjhayaNaM padaM jiNidehiM / bAvIsaparIsahANaM uvasaggANaM ca sahaNavihiM / vaNNedi tapphalamavi evaM paNhe ca uttaraM evaM / kahadi gurusIsayANa paiNNiya aTThamaM taM khu / -aMgapaNNatti-cUlikA gAthA, 25-26, uttarajjhayaNaM uttarapadANi vaNNei / -dhavalA (SaTkhaNDAgama-TIkA), pR0 67 (sahAranapura-prati, likhita). . For Personal & Private Use Only

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32 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana rahA / bhagavatI ArAdhanA para likhI gaI aparAjitasUri kI saMskRtaTIkA se uttarAdhyayana ke do padya uddhRta karate hue paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI ne apane jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM likhA hai ki vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM ye padya' nahIM milate haiM / ataH uttarAdhyayana meM valabhI - vAcanA ke bAda bhI parivartana huA hai / itanA hone para bhI mUlarUpatA kA adhika abhAva nahIM huA hai kyoMki vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM ve donoM padya sAmAnya parivartana ke sAtha aba bhI maujUda haiN| jaba hama uttarAdhyayana ke antaHbhAga kA avalokana karate haiM to dekhate haiM ki isameM kucha aise bhI tathya haiM jinake AdhAra para kucha aMzoM ko mahAvIra - nirvANa ke bahuta bAda kI racanA kahA jA sakatA hai | jaise : 1. aMga-granthoM meM gyAraha aMgoM se pRthak dRSTivAda kA ullekha yaha siddha karatA hai ki usa samaya taka dRSTivAda kA lopa ho cukA thA / dRSTivAda ke mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie aisA kathana kiyA gayA ho, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki AcArAGga kA mahattva sarvAdhika mAnA gayA hai / isake atirikta 31 veM adhyayana meM jahA~ para ki sAdhu ko kucha granthoM ke adhyayana meM yatnavAn hone ko kahA gayA hai unameM dRSTivAda kA samAveza kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA hai ? 1. paracitte vatthe Na puNo celamAdie / acelapavare bhikkhU jiNarUpadhare sadA // salaga sukhI bhavadi asukhI vAvi acelago / ahaM to sacelo hokkhAmi idi bhikkhu na citae / ( uddhRta - bhagavatI ArAdhanA - jai0 sA0 i0 pU0 pR0 525-527.) 2. tulanA kIjie parajuhi vatthehi hokkhAmi tti acelae / aduvA sacele hokkhAmi i i bhikkhU na citae || gayAce lae hoi sacele Avi egayA / eyaM dhammaM hiyaM naccA nANI to paridevae || - u0 2.12-13. 3. dekhie - pR0 3, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra [ 33 2. sUtraruci - samyagdarzana ke lakSaNa meM aMga aura aMgabAhya granthoM IT tathA abhigama - ruci samyagdarzana ke lakSaNa meM 'prakIrNaka' granthoM kA ullekha AyA hai|' isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya taka aMga, aMgabAhya aura prakIrNaka granthoM kI racanA avazya ho cukI hogI / 3. caraNavidhi nAmaka 31 veM adhyayana meM sAdhu ko sUtrakRtAGga, jJAtA -sUtra aura prakalpa ( AcArAGga - nizIthasahita ) ina aMga-granthoM tathA dazAdi ( dazAzruta, kalpa aura vyavahAra) aMgabAhya granthoM ke adhyayana meM yatnavAn hone kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai taba taka ye grantha apane mahattva ke kAraNa prasiddha ho cuke the / anyathA inake viSaya meM sAdhu ko yatnavAn hone kA ullekha na kiyA jAtA / 4 grantha meM bahutra 'aisA bhagavAn ne kahA hai', 'kapila RSi ne aisA kahA hai '' AdirUpa se granthokta vacanoM kI prAmANikatA kA pratipAdana karane se yaha to spaSTa hai ki yaha grantha sAkSAt mahAvIrapraNIta nahIM hai apitu arthata: mahAvIra praNIta hai aura zabda kisI anya vyakti ke haiM / isakA aura adhika spaSTa ullekha 10veM adhyayana kI antima gAthA ( buddhassa nisamma bhAsiya, sukahiyamaTTapaovasohiyaM) meM milatA hai / isake atirikta aMgagranthoM kA mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSyoM dvArA aura aMgabAhya kA taduttaravartI ziSyoM dvArA praNayana mAnA jAne se bhI siddha hai ki uttarAdhyayana zabdataH mahAvIra - praNIta na hokara unake ziSyoM dvArA racita racanA hai / 5. kezigautama-saMvAda ke sacelakatva ( sAntarottara ) aura acelakatvaviSayaka saMvAda se saMghabheda kA spaSTa saMketa milatA hai / 1. vahI / 2. u0 31.13-14, 16-18. vizeSa ke lie dekhie - pariziSTa 3. 3. dekhie - pR0 18, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 23, pA0 Ti0 1; u0 dUsare evaM 16 veM adhyayana kA prArambhika gadya / For Personal & Private Use Only

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34 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 6. dravya, guNa, paryAya Adi saiddhAntika viSayoM kI itanI saMkSipta evaM parimArjita paribhASAe~' yaha siddha karatI haiM ki inakA praNayana dArzanika krAnti ke kAla meM huA hai kyoMki AgamoM meM isa prakAra kI saMkSipta paribhASAe~ upalabdha na hokara prAyaH vivaraNAtmaka artha hI milate haiN| 7. uttarAdhyayana kA prAyaH bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga milane se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha ekakartRka na hokara aneka adhyayanoM kA saMkalana hai| ina sabhI tathyoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki vartamAna uttarAdhyayana kisI eka kAla kI evaM kisI eka vyakti kI racanA nahIM hai apitu eka saMkalana-grantha hai jisakA praNayana kisI nizcitakAla meM na hokara vibhinna samayoM meM huA hai| isameM pAe jAnevAle parivartana evaM saMzodhana Adi mahAvIranirvANa ke kAla se lekara tRtIya-valabhI-vAcanA ke samaya (mahAvIranirvANa se lekara karIba 1000 varSa-I0 pU0 5 vIM zatAbdI se I0 san 5 vIM zatAbdI) taka ke athavA isake bhI kucha samaya bAda taka ke pratIta hote haiN| kyoMki tRtIya-vAcanA ke samaya lipibaddha kie gae samavAyAMga-sUtra meM uttarAdhyayana ke jina 36 1. guNANamAsavo davvaM ega davassiyA guNA / lakkhaNaM pajjavANaM tu ubhao assiyA bhave / / -u0 27. 6.. tathA dekhie-prakaraNa 1, dharmAdi dravyoM kI paribhASA / 2. aitesi ceva chattIsAe uttarajjhayaNANaM samudayasamitisamAgameNaM uttarajjha yaNabhAvasutakkhaMdheti labbhai, tANi puNa chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNANi imehi nAmehiM aNugaMtavvANi / -u0 cUNi, pR0 8. tathA dekhie-pR0 12, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 31, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 36, pA0 Ti0 1; naMdI, sUtra 43; u0 bRhavRtti, patra 5; samavA0, samavAya 36. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra [ 35 adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai unase vartamAna meM upalabdha uttarAdhyayana ke nAmoM meM kucha vaiSamya hai / yaha vaiSamya yadyapi nagaNya hai phira bhI isase usake parivartana va saMzodhana kI spaSTa pratIti hotI hai| niyuktikAra ( 6 ThI zatAbdI ) prakRta grantha ko ekakartRka svIkAra na karate hue bhI uttarAdhyayana kI antima gAthA ke vyAkhyAna meM ise bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke samaya kA upadeza batalAte haiM / vAstava meM niyuktikAra kA uparyukta kathana prakRta padya kA vyAkhyAna mAtra hai| saMbhava hai, yaha padya uttarAdhyayana ke mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie bAda meM jor3a diyA gayA ho aura niyuktikAra ne pUrva - paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA ho / chattIsaveM adhyayana kI anta kI kucha gAthAoM ko dekhane se tathA aThArahaveM adhyayana kI caubIsavIM gAthA ke sAtha chattIsaveM adhyayana kI antimagAthA kI tulanA karane se uparyukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai / 1 bRhadvRttikAra zAntyAcArya bhI uttarAdhyayana ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke samaya kA antima upadeza mAnane ko pUrNataH taiyAra nahIM haiM / ataH unhoMne 'parinivvue ' zabda kA artha svasthIbhUta' kiyA hai| 1. idda pAukare buddhe nAyae pariNivvae / vijjAcaraNa saMpatre sacce saccaparakkame || - u0 18. 24. isa uddharaNa kA pR0 12, pA0 Ti0 1 se milAna kIjie / 2. athavA pAukare, tti prAdurakArSIt prakAzitavAn zeSaM pUrvavat navaraM 'parinirvRtaH krodhAdidahanopazamataH samantAtsvasthIbhUtaH / bRhadvRtti, patra 712. -u0. , ityevaM rUpaM 'pAukare' tti prAdurakArSIt - prakaTitavAn " 'parinivRtaH ' kaSAyAnala vidhyApanAtsamantAcchItIbhUtaH / - u0 bRhadvRtti, patra 444. For Personal & Private Use Only

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36 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana niyuktikAra ne grantha kI prazaMsA meM uttarAdhyayana ko jo jinapraNIta kahA hai| usakA tAtparya zabdata: jina-praNItatA se nahIM hai apitu arthataH jina-praNItatA se hai| artha kI apekSA se sabhI mAnya grantha jina-praNIta hI haiM anyathA unameM prAmANya hI na rhegaa| uttarAdhyayana ke aMgabAhya-grantha hone se bhI spaSTa hai ki isakI racanA na to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kI aura na unake pradhAna ziSyoM ( gaNadharoM) ne; apitu taduttaravartI zrutajJoM ne kI hai| isIlie bRhadavattikAra 'jina' zabda kA artha 'zrutajina' yA. 'zrutakevalI' karate haiN| isa vivecana se itanA to spaSTa hai ki uttarAdhyayana zabdataH bhagavAn mahAvIra-praNIta nahIM hai / isake atirikta isakA prArambhika rUpa dazavaikAlika kI racanA (vI0 ni0 1 lI zatAbdI, I. pU. 452-426) ke pUrva nirdhArita ho cukA thA kyoMki dazavakAlika kI racanA ho jAne ke bAda uttarAdhyayana kI adhyayanaparamparA kA krama dUsare se tIsarA ho gayA thA / 3 cUNi ke eka vaikalpika uddharaNa ke AdhAra para AcArya tulasI kI yaha saMbhAvanA ki uttarAdhyayana kA chaThA adhyayana bhagavAn pArzva dvArA kathita hai,4 ucita pratIta nahIM hotI hai| 1. je kira bhavasiddhIyA parittasaMsAriyA ya je bhavvA / te kira paDhaMti ee chattIsaM uttrjjhaae|| . tamhA jiNapaNNatte, aNaMtagama-pajjavehi saMjutte / ajjhAe jahajogaM, guruppasAyA ahijjijjA / -u0, ne0 30, pR0 361. 2. tasmAjjinaH zrutajinAdibhiH prarUpitAH / -u0 bRhadvRtti, patra 713. 3. dekhie-pR0 14, pA0 Ti0 1. 4. kecidanyathA paThanti evaM se udAhu arahA pAse purisAdANIe / bhagavaMte vesAlIe buddhe pariNuvvuDe / -u0 cUrNi, pR0 157. tathA dekhie-da0 u0, bhUmikA, pR0 24, 26. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra [ 37 isa taraha uttarAdhyayana kI racanA kA AdikAla vI0 ni0 kI 1 lI zatAbdI kA prArambhika kAla nizcita hotA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM devadhigaNi kI vAcanA ke samaya ( vI0 ni0 680-663) taka ke tathA isase bhI kucha samaya bAda taka ke parivartana upalabdha hone se isakA antima rUpa vI0 ni0 ke 1000 varSa bAda taka kA hai / isake saMvAda, kathA evaM upadeza - pradhAna adhyayanoM kA praNayana saiddhAntika adhyayanoM kI apekSA prAcIna pratIta hotA hai / " ina sabhI bAtoM para vicAra karane se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki upalabdha uttarAdhyayana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lekara karIba 1000 varSa taka kI kucha na kucha vicAradhArAM maujUda hai | ataH uttarAdhyayana kisI eka vyakti kI kisI eka kAlavizeSaM kI racanA na hokara vibhinna samayoM meM saMkalita kiyA gayA eka saMkalana-grantha hai / zArpenTiyara, vinTaranitsa Adi sabhI vidvAn prAyaH isI mata se sahamata haiM / uttarAdhyayana sUtra : yaha nAma kyoM : uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM tIna zabda haiM - uttara + adhyayana + sUtra | uttara zabda ke tIna artha saMbhava haiM - 1. pradhAna, 2. jabAba 1. tathA, RSibhASitAnyuttarAdhyayanAni teSu ca nami- kapilAdimaharSINAM sambandhIni prAyo dharmAkhyAnakAnyeva kathyanta iti dharmakathAnuyoga eva tatra vyavasthApitaH / - vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( gAthA 2294 ) - maladhArI - TIkA, pR0 31. 2. dekhie - pR0 44, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 45, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. niyuktikAra bhI uttara zabda ke saMbhAvya arthoM ko sUcita karate hue likhate haiM jahaNaM suttaraM khalu ukkosaM vA aNuttaraM hoI / sesAI uttarAI aNuttarAI ca neyANi || For Personal & Private Use Only - u0 ni0, gAthA 2.

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38 ] __ uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana aura 3. pshcaadbhaavii| yadyapi adhyayana zabda kA artha par3hanA hotA hai parantu yahA~ para adhyayana zabda pariccheda (prakaraNa yA adhyAya) ke artha meM prayukta hai| niyuktikAra aura carNikAra ne isakA kucha vizeSa artha bhI kiyA hai| parantu tAtparya pariccheda se hI hai kyoMki grantha meM pratyeka pariccheda ke lie 'adhyayana' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / sUtra zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai-jisameM zabda to kama hoM aura artha vipula ho / jaise-tattvArthasUtra, pAtaJjala-yogasUtra, brahmasUtra aadi| uttarAdhyayana meM isa prakAra kI sUtrarUpatA nahIM hai apitu isake viparIta zabdoM kA vistAra hI adhika haA hai| yadyapi caraNavidhi Adi kucha adhyayanoM ke kucha sthala aise bhI haiM jahA~ para zabda kama aura artha adhika hai| prAyaH anyatra viSaya kA vistAra hI adhika hai| yadyapi AtmArAmajI ne uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA meM kucha niyukti kI gAthAe~ uddhRta kI haiM tathA sUtra zabda kI kaI prakAra se vyutpatti karake uttarAdhyayana ko 'sUtra-grantha' siddha kiyA hai / parantu sAmAnya vyavahAra meM prayukta sUtra zabda kA lakSaNa yahA~ ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| isakA prAkRta rUpa 'sutta' hai aura yaha vaidika sUktoM (mantroM) kI hI taraha 'gAthA' ke artha kA sUcaka hai| 'uttarAdhyayana-sUtra' zabda kA sAmAnya artha yahI hai| 'uttara' zabda ke artha meM 'mUlasUtra' kI taraha vidvAnoM meM kucha matabheda hai| isakA kAraNa hai -uttarAdhyayana kI racanA ke viSaya meM vibhinna saMketa / ataH yahA~ 'uttara' zabda kA artha vicAraNIya hai / 1. ajjhappassANayaNaM kammANaM avacao ubaciyANaM / aNu vacao va NavANaM tamhA ajjhayaNamicchati / / ahigammati va atthA aNeNa ahiyaM va NayaNamicchati / ahiyaM va sAhu gacchai tamhA ajjhaNamicchati / / --u0 ni0, gAthA 6-7. tathA dekhie-u0 bRhadvRtti, pR0 6-7; u0 cUNi, pR0 7. 2. u0 A0 TI0, bhUmikA, pR0 13-21. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra niyuktikAra ne uttara zabda kA artha kiyA hai-jisakA AcArAGga Adi ke bAda adhyayana kiyA jaay|' isakA artha yaha huA ki AcArAGgAdi ke bAda par3he jAne ke kAraNa isakI 'uttara' saMjJA huI hai| cUrNikAra, bRhadvattikAra Adi isI mata kA samarthana karate haiN| uttara zabda ke pUrva-sApekSa hone se tathA uttarakANDa, uttararAmacarita Adi meM prayukta 'uttara' zabda kA artha pazcAdbhAvI hone se uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta 'uttara' zabda kA artha 'pazcAbhAvI' samUcita pratIta hotA hai| isake adhyayana uttarotara pradhAna (zreSTha) haiM isalie isakI uttara saMjJA haI hai yaha upalabdha uttarAdhyayana ke AdhAra para nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra 'jabAba' (binA pUche praznoM kA uttara) artha bhI upalabdha uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA samucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi dhavalA-TIkA Adi digambara-granthoM tathA kalpa-sUtra, triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacarita Adi zvetAmbara-granthoM meM ullikhita uttarAdhyayana ke viSaya se yaha artha kathaJcit saMgata ho sakatA hai| parantu upalabdha uttarAdhyayana ke AdhAra para aisA kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| uparyukta vivecana se 'uttara' zabda kA artha pazcAdbhAvI hI siddha hotA hai| yahA~ eka prazna aura hai ki pazcAdbhAvI se kyA tAtparya hai ? bAda kI racanA yA bAda meM jisakA adhyayana kiyA jaay| merA vicAra hai ki uttarAdhyayana-niyukti Adi zvetAmbara-granthoM tathA gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa Adi digambara-granthoM ke AdhAra se 1. kama uttareNa pagayaM AyArasseva uvarimAiM tu / * tamhA u uttarA khalu ajjhayaNA huMti NAyavvA / / -u0 ni0, gAthA 3. 2. u0 ni0, gAthA 3 para cUNi aura bRhadvRtti / tathA dekhie-pR0 14, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. uttr|nni adhIyate paThyaMte Atmanniti uttarAdhyayanam / -go0 jI0 ( gAthA 367 ) jIvaprabodhinI saMskRta-TIkA / tathA dekhie-pR0 26, pA0 Ti0 3; pR0 31, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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40 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana bAda meM jisakA adhyayana kiyA jAya, yahI artha ucita pratIta hotA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta adhyayana zabda se bhI yahI arthaM pratIta hotA hai kyoMki anya kisI Agama grantha ke sAtha adhyayana zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai / bhASA-zailI aura mahattva : bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / bhASAzAstriyoM kI dRSTi meM uttarAdhyayana kI bhASA atyanta prAcIna hai / AcArya tulasI ne uttarAdhyayana kI bhASA ko mahArASTrI se prabhAvita ardhamAgadhI kahA hai / " bhASA aura viSaya kI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se samasta aMga aura aMgabAhya Agama-sAhitya meM AcArAGga aura sUtrakRtAGga kI bhASA ke bAda tIsare sthAna para uttarAdhyayana kA nAma ginAyA jAtA hai / bhASA-zailI kI 1. da0 u0, bhUmikA, pR0 42-43; vyAkaraNa-vimarza ke lie dekhie da0 u0, bhUmikA, pR0 37-36; u0 samI0, pR0 471-488; chando - vimarza ke lie dekhie - u0 samI0, pR0 463-470. 2. The language of this canon is a Prakrit which is known as Arsa ( i. e., " the language of the Rsis" ) or Ardha - Magadhi (i. e., "half-Magadhi"). Mahavira himself is said to have preached in this language. There is however, a difference between the language of prose and that of verses. As was the case with the Pali verses in the Buddhist Canon, here too, the verses present more archai forms. The most archai language is to be found in the Ayaramga--Sutta, and next to this, in the Suyagadamga-Sutta and the Uttarajjhayana. Ardha-Magadhi is quite different from Jaina Maharastri, the dialect of the non-canonical Jaina texts. - hi0 i0 li0, bhAga - 2, pR0 430 431. Four canonical texts, the first three of which are not unimportant even from the literary point of view, are described as Mula - Sutras. - vahI, pR0 465-66. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [41 dRSTi se isameM sAhityika guNa bhI maujUda haiM / ise kevala nIrasa aura zuSka sAhitya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi grantha meM bahutra punaru. ktiyA~ haiM aura saiddhAntika adhyayanoM meM nIrasatA bhI hai phira bhI anya Agama-granthoM kI tulanA meM isakI bhASA-zailI sAhityika, sarala, naisargika, upadezAtmaka, dRSTAnta-alaMkArabahula aura subhASitAtmaka hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai yadi uttarAdhyayana meM se saiddhAntika (varNanAtmaka) prakaraNoM ko pRthak kara diyA jAya to yaha vizuddha dhArmika kAvya-grantha ho sakatA hai| upadezAtmakatA aura pUnaruktiyoM ke vartamAna rahane para bhI isakA sAhityika mahattva ghaTatA nahIM hai kyoMki upamA, dRSTAnta Adi alaMkAroM ke sAtha AkhyAnoM aura saMvAdoM ke hRdayasparzI prayoga se isameM prabhAvazAlitA A gaI hai| jaise: 1. upamA aura dRSTAnta alaMkAra'-viSaya ko subodha banAne ke lie pracalita daSTAntoM kA prayoga bahata kiyA gayA hai| jaise 1. uttarAdhyayana meM prayukta upamA aura dRSTAnta alaMkAroM kI sUcI : adhyayana * gAthA-saMkhyA adhyayana gAthA-saMkhyA saMkhyA saMkhyA 1. 4. 5, 12, 37, 36, 45. 2. 3, 10, 17, 24. - 3. 5.12.14. 4. 3, 5-6, 8. 5. 4.10. 14-16, 27. 6. 16. 7. 1-6, 11, 14-15, 23, 24. 8. 5-7, 6, 18. 6. 48. 53, 62. 10. 1-2, 28, 33. 11. 15-31. 12. 12, 26-27. . 13. 22, 30-31. 14. 1, 18, 26-30, 33-36, 41-48, 17. 20-21. 18. 13, 15, 36, 47-48, 52. 16. 3, 12, 14, 18-24, 34, 36-43, 48-46, 51, 54, 56-58, 64-68, 70, 78-84, 87.88, 63, 67. For Personal & Private Use Only

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42 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana rAtri aura dina kA atikramaNa hone para vRkSa kA pattA jisa prakAra pIlA par3akara nIce gira jAtA hai usI prakAra manuSyoM kA jIvana bhI ( parivartanazIla - nazvara ) hai / ataH he gautama! kSaNabhara kA bhI pramAda mata kara / ' yahA~ upadeza bhI hai aura sarala dRSTAnta ke dvArA viSaya ko spaSTa bhI kiyA gayA hai| isase pAThaka ke hRdaya para amiTa chApa bana jAtI hai / isI prakAra ke anya upamA aura dRSTAnta alaMkAroM kA prayoga prakRta grantha meM bahutAyata se huA hai| 2. pratIkAtmaka rUpaka - dharma kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA meM pratIkAtmaka rUpakoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / jaise- indra-nami saMvAda meM dIkSAviSayaka, kezi- gautama saMvAda meM dharmabhedaviSayaka. harikezIya adhyayana meM yajJaviSayaka Adi / isI prakAra mahAnirgranthIya adhyayana meM anAthI muni anAtha zabda kI vyAkhyA meM vakrokti kA prayoga karate haiM / 20. 3, 20-21, 42, 44, 47-48, 50, 58, 60. 22. 25. 28. 30. 34. 7, 10, 30, 41, 44-47, 51. 17-16, 21, 27, 42-43. 22. 5-6. 21. 7, 14, 17, 16, 23-24. 18. 23. 27. 12, 56. 6, 10-13, 18, 20, 24, 34, 37, 47, 50, 60, 63, 73, 76.86, 86, 66. 4-16. 36. 60-61. noTa - inameM se kucha dRSTAnta sAmAnya haiM aura kucha prakArAntara se bhI Ae haiM / 8, 13-14, 16. 26. 32. 1. duma pattae paMDuyae jahA nivaDai rAigaNANa accae / evaM maNuyANajIviyaM samayaM goyama mA pamAyae / / For Personal & Private Use Only - u0 10. 1.

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [43 * 3. subhASita'-dharma-pradhAna grantha hone se isameM svAbhAvikarUpa se subhASitoM kA prayoga huA hai| upamA aura pratIkAtmaka-rUpaka alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM subhASitoM kI jhalaka adhika milatI hai| .. 4. punarukti-logoM kI pravRtti viSaya-bhogoM ke prati adhika hone se tathA dharma ke pracAra kA prArambhika kAla hone se pratipAdya viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa meM punarukti kA honA svAbhAvika hai| kahIM eka caraNa meM, kahIM do caraNoM meM, kahIM tIna caraNoM meM tathA kahIM-kahIM sampUrNa gAthA jyoM kI tyoM punarukta hai|2 zabda aura artha kI yaha punarukti doSajanaka nahIM hai kyoMki viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie isa prakAra kI zailI kA prayoga vedoM aura bauddha tripiTaka-granthoM meM bhI bahatAyata se pAyA jAtA hai| 5. kathA evaM saMvAda-kathA-vibhAga meM ginAe gae adhyayanoM meM kathA evaM saMvAdoM ke dvArA dhArmika aura dArzanika viSayoM ko 1. u0 1. 2-5, 7, 28-26, 37-36, 44-45; 2. 16-17; 3. .1, 5, 7-12; 4. 3-6, 6-13; 5. 5, 6-10, 14-16, 21-22, 24; 6. 3, 6.16, 7. 4, 7, 6, 11-12; 8 2, 5-6, 6; 6.6-10, 12-13, 15-16, 34.36, 48, 53; 10.1-2, 28 26, 33; 11. 14-16; 12. 26-27; 13. 22,25, 30-31; 14. 16, 23-24, 26, 34, 36, 41-44; 15. 15; 17. 20, 21; 18 13; 16. 18, 21-24, 34, 37, 20. 44, 47; 21. 20; 25. 41-43, 31. 33; 32. 16-17 Adi / 2. 'taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM' yaha caraNa 25. 16-26, 34 meM tathA 'samayaM goyama mA pamAyae' yaha caraNa 10. 1-36 meM jyoM kA tyoM punarukta hai| 'je bhikkhU jayaI niccaM, se na acchai maMDale' ye donoM caraNa 31. 7-20 meM punarukta haiM / 'eyamajheM nisAmittA heUkAraNa coiu / tau nami rAyarisiM devindo iNa mahabavI' (6. 11, 17 Adi) yaha indra kI ukti aura 'eyamar3ha nisAmittA0' (. 8, 13 Adi) yaha nami kI ukti (cAroM caraNa sahita) nau-nau bAra punarukta haiN| aise __ anya kaI sthala haiM jinheM yahAM dikhalAnA sambhava nahIM hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana samajhAyA gayA hai / jaise-indra-nami-saMvAda meM pravrajyA ke samaya utpanna honevAle antardvandva kA samAdhAna, harikezI aura brAhmaNoM ke saMvAda meM yajJa kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA, mRgAputra aura usake mAtA-pitA ke sAtha hue saMvAda meM sAdhu ke AcAra kA prtipaadn| isI prakAra ke anya kaI saMvAdasthala haiM jo bahuta hI samayopayogI aura prabhAvotpAdaka haiN| jaise-anAthI muni aura rAjA zreNika ke bIca huA anAtha-viSayaka saMvAda, bhragupurohita aura usake putradvaya ke bIca huA AtmA ke astitva-viSayaka saMvAda, bhragupurohita aura usakI patnI ke bIca huA dIkSA-viSayaka saMvAda, iSukAra rAjA aura usakI patnI kamalAvatI ke bIca huA rAjA ke kartavyaviSayaka saMvAda, kezi aura gautama ke bIca huA . AdhyAtmika saMvAda / ina sabhI tathyoM ke kAraNa vinTaranitsa, * kAnajI bhAI paTela Adi uttarAdhyayana ko zramaNa dhArmika-kAvya svIkAra karate haiN|' isake atirikta yAkobI, zAnTiyara, vinTaranitsa Adi prasiddha vidvAnoM ne isakI tulanA dhammapada, suttanipAta, jAtaka, 1. Above all, the first Mula-sutra, the Uttarajjhayana or Uttaradhyayana-sutra, as a religious poem, is one of the most valuable portions of the canon. The work, consisting of 36 sections, is a compilation of various texts, which belong to various periods. The oldest nucleus consists of valuable poems-series of gnomic aphorisms, parables and similes, dialogues and ballads --which belong to the ascetic poetry of ancient India, and also have their parallels in Buddhist literature in part. -hi0 i0 li0, pR0 466. tathA dekhie-zramaNa, maI-jUna 1964, pR0 48. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [45 mahAbhArata Adi prasiddha jainetara granthoM se kI hai|' AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, dazavaikAlika Adi jaina Agama-granthoM se bhI 6.40 cittasambhUta 1. tulanA kIjieuttarAdhyayana dhammapada uttarAdhyayana sutta-nipAta 1.15 12.4 mahAnirgranthIya pavvajjAsutta 6.34 8.4 (30vA~ adhyayana) (mahAvagga-1) 8.7 uttarAdhyayana mahAbhArata 6.44 5.11 1. iSukArIya zAntiparva 25.27 26.16 (a0 14) (a0 175, 277) 25.26 26.25 2. namipravrajyA zAntiparva 25.34 26.40 (a06) (a0 178.276) . uttarAdhyayana jAtaka 1. cittasambhUtIya .(a0 13) (sa0 468) 2. iSukArIya hatthipAlajAtaka (bhragupurohita (saM0 506) a0 14) 3. harikezibala mAtaMgajAtaka (a0 12) (saM0 467) 4. namipravrajyA mahAjanaka jAtaka (saM0 536) We find here many sayings which excel in aptitude of comparison or pithiness of language. As in the Sutta. Nipata and the Dhammapada, some of these series of sayings are bound together by a common refrain. -hi0 i0 li0, pR0 466. The Uttaradhyayana is not the work of one single author, but is a collection of materials in age and derived from different sources. It was perhaps in its For Personal & Private Use Only

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46 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana isakI tulanA kI jAtI hai / " isa taraha uttarAdhyayana sUtra na kevala aMga bAhya-granthoM se apitu samavAyAMga Adi aMgagranthoM se bhI prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa siddha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke 36 veM adhyayana ke antima padya kI niyukti meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isakA mahattva prakaTa karate hue ise jina-praNIta tathA ananta gUDha zabdArthoM se yukta batalAyA hai / 2 nirmuktikAra ke isa kathana se uttarAdhyayana ke mahattva aura prAcInatA donoM kA bodha hotA hai / original contents more like the old Buddhist works, the Dhammapada and the Sutta-Nipata. - u0 zAra, bhUmikA, pR0 40. tathA dekhie - hi0 i0 li0, pR0 467-470; u0 A0 TI0, bhUmikA, pR0 22 - 25; jai0 sA0 bR0 i0, bhAga-2, pR0 147, 152, 156, 157, 156, 163, 165, 167; samI, kathAnaka saMkramaNa, pratyekabuddha tathA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prakaraNa, pR0 255-370, 436-455. 1. uttarAdhyayana 22. 42-46 vinaya ( pahalA ) sabhikSu (pandrahavAM) uttarAdhyayana 26 vA~ adhyayana 17. 3.600 -- dekhie- jai0 sA0 bR0 30, bhAga-2, pR. 181. dazavaikAlika uttarAdhyayana 2. 7-10 32. 18 vinaya-samAdhi 1. 4.18 ( nauvAM ) 8. 1.8 uttarAdhyayana ke paccIsaveM adhyayana meM tathA sUtrakRtAGga, prathama bhAga ke nauveM aura bArahaveM adhya bhikSu adhya (dasavAM ) yana meM brAhmaNa aura jaina sAdhu ko samAna batalAyA gayA hai / bhagavatI 2. dekhie - pR0 36, pA0 Ti0 1. u0 For Personal & Private Use Only sUtrakRtAGga 3. 3. 16

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra [ 47 "digambara- paramparA meM isakA savizeSa ullekha hone se tathA isake vipula TIkA - sAhitya se isake mahattva aura prAcInatA ke sAtha isakI lokapriyatA kA bhI patA calatA hai / yadi hama saMkSepa meM kahanA cAheM to kaha sakate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana aMgabAhya-grantha hone para bhI aMgagranthoM se kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / isake atirikta isake upadezAtmaka, dhArmika evaM dArzanika grantha hone para bhI isameM dhArmika kAvya ke sAmAnya guNoM kA abhAva nahIM huA hai / jaisA ki kahA jAtA hai ki sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai, tadanusAra uttarAdhyayana meM tatkAlIna samAja evaM saMskRti Adi kA bhI paryApta samAveza huA hai / vividha prakAra ke saMvAdoM, pratIkoM, upamAoM, subhASitoM Adi ke prayoga seM isameM rocakatA A gaI hai / isIlie uttarAdhyayana ko jaina samAja meM hinduoM kI bhagavadgItA tathA bauddhoM ke dhammapada kI taraha mahattvapUrNa kRti mAnA jAtA hai / TIkA - sAhitya : pAli-tripiTaka para likhI gaI aTThakathAoM kI bhA~ti jaina Agama - sAhitya para bhI kAlAntara meM vipula vyAkhyA - sAhitya likhA gayA / uttarAdhyayana ke mahattva aura lokapriyatA ke kAraNa isa para apekSAkRta adhika vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya milatA hai / sarasakathAnaka, sarasa-saMvAda aura sarasa racanA - zailI ke kAraNa aMga aura aMgabAhya-granthoM meM isakI lokapriyatA sarvAdhika rahI hai / isake pariNAmasvarUpa kAlAntara meM uttarAdhyayana para sarvAdhika TIkAgrantha likhe gae / kucha pramukha TIkA grantha nimnokta haiM : 1. nirmukti - vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya meM niyukti kA sthAna 'sarvopari hai| niyukti kA artha hai- sUtra meM nibaddha artha kA sayuktika pratipAdana / ' uttarAdhyayana para sabase prAcIna TIkA bhadrabAhu 1. niryuktAnAmeva sUtrArthAnAM yuktiH ? - parivATyA yojanaM / - dazavekAlikavRtti, pR0 4 ( uddhRta - prA0 sA0 i0, pR0 164, phuTanoTa ) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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48] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana dvitIya (vikI 6 ThI zatAbdI) kI niyukti hai| isameM prAkRtabhASA meM nibaddha 556 gAthAe~ haiM / ye mUla uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAoM (karIba 1746 gAthAe~ tathA 87 gadyAMza) se bahuta kama haiN| isake bahuta hI saMkSipta aura sAMketika hone se kAlAntara meM uttarAdhyayana ke sAtha niyukti para bhI TIkAe~ likhI gii| uttarAdhyayana ke guru-paramparAgata artha ko samajhane ke lie bhadrabAha kI niryakti bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| isIlie yaha uttaravartI sabhI TIkA-granthoM kI AdhArabhitti rahI hai| isameM viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie kahIM-kahIM dRSTAnta aura kathAnakoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai|' 2. cUNi-uttarAdhyayana aura usakI niyukti para jinadAsagaNi mahattara (I0 san 6 ThI zatAbdI) ne sarvaprathama cUrNi kI racanA kI hai| isameM mUlagrantha ke sAtha niryakti ke bhI artha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| yaha prAkRta-saMskRta bhASA se mizrita gadya racanA hai| isameM kaI zabdoM kI vicitra vyutpattiyA~ bhI milatI haiM / bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se isakA bahuta mahattva hai| tatkAlIna samAja aura saMskRti kA citraNa bhI isameM milatA hai| isameM antima aThAraha adhyayanoM kA vyAkhyAna bahuta hI saMkSipta hai| 3. ziSyahitA-TIkA yA bRhadvatti (pAiya-TokA)-isake racayitA vAdivetAla zAntisUri (mRtyu, san 1040) haiN| yaha uttarAdhyayana aura usakI niyukti para saMskRta-gadya meM likhI gaI 1. kaDae te kuMDale va te aMjiyakkhi ! tilayate ya te / pavayaNassa uDDAhakArie / duThA sehi ! kato si AgayA / rAIsarisavamittANi parachiddANi pAsasi / / appaNo billamittANi pAsaMto'vi na pAsasi / / -u0 ni0 136-140. 2. pUrNata iti ghorA, parataH kAmatIti parAkramaH, para vA kAmati" dasyate ebhiriti dantAH / -u0 cUNi, pR0 208. For Personal & Private Use Only

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46 prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra TIkA hai| yaha bhI kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai|' saMskRta TIkAoM meM yaha sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| bIca-bIca meM prAkRta kathAe~ bhI uddhRta kI gaI haiN| 4. sukhabodhA-TIkA yA vRtti - zAntisUri kI ziSyahitATIkA ke AdhAra para bRhadgacchIya zrI nemicandrAcArya (vi0saM0 1126) ne mUla-grantha para saMskRta-gadya meM sukhabodhA-TIkA kI racanA kI hai| isameM niyukti kI gAthAoM ko bhI yathAsthAna udadhata kiyA gayA hai| dIkSA ke pUrva Apa devendragaNi kahalAte the| saMskRta meM mUla sUtra-grantha kA adhyayana karane ke lie yaha bahuta upayogI TIkA hai| inake atirikta kAlAntara meM anya aneka vidvAnoM ne uttarAdhyayana para kaI vyAkhyAtmaka TIkAe~ likhI haiN| jaise-tapAgacchAcArya devasundarasUri ke ziSya jJAnasAgarasUri (vi0saM01441) kI avacUri, mahimaratna ke ziSya vinayahaMsa (vi0saM0 1567-81) kI vatti, siddhAntasari ke ziSya kIrtivallabhagaNi (vi0saM0 1552) kI TIkA, kharataragacchIya jinabhadrasUri ke ziSya kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya (vi0saM0 1554) kI vRtti, taporatnavAcaka (vi0saM0 1550) kI laghuvRtti, merutuMgasUri ke ziSya mANikyazekharasUri kI dIpikA-TIkA, mahezvarasUri ke ziSya ajitadevasUri (vi0 saM0 1626) kI TIkA, guNazekhara kI cUrNi, lakSmIvallabhaH ( vi0 18 vIM zatAbdI ) kI dIpikA, bhAvavijayagaNi (vi0 saM0 1686) kI vRtti, harSanandanagaNi (vi0 saM0 1711) kI TIkA, dharmamandira upAdhyAya (vi0 saM0 1750) kI makarandaTIkA, udayasAgara (vi0 saM0 1546) kI dIpikA-TIkA, harSakUla (vi0 saM0 1600 ) kI dIpikA, amaradevasari kI TIkA, zAntibhadrAcArya kI vRtti, municandrasUri kI TIkA, jJAnazIlagaNi 1. u0 zA0, bhUmikA, pR0 52-53. 2. zAnTiyara ne bhI isa TIkA ko ziSyahitA-TIkA se adhika upayogI .. mAnA hai aura isIkA upayoga kiyA hai / -dekhie-u0 zA0, prophesa, pR0 6 tathA bhUmikA, pR0 58. For Personal & Private Use Only

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uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kI avacUri Adi / ' ina TIkAoM meM adhikAMza aprakAzita haiM / vartamAna meM aMgrejI, hindI aura gujarAtI anuvAda Adi ke sAtha kucha TIkAe~ prakAzita huI haiN| grantha kI lokapriyatA aura mahattA ke kAraNa vartamAna meM isake vividha-saMskaraNa prakAzita ho cuke haiM aura Age bhI prakAzita hote rheNge| jAla zAnTiyara 1. jinaratnakoza-granthavibhAga, pR0 42.46 meM isakI vistRta sUcI hai| tathA dekhie-jaina bhAratI, varSa 7, aMka 33, pR0 565-68. 2. (ka) aMgrejI prastAvanA aura TippaNI ke sAtha jAlaM zAnTiyara kA saMzodhita mUla saMskaraNa, san 1922; (kha) yAkobI kA aMgrejI anuvAda-se0 bu0 I0, bhAga-45, AksaphorDa, 1865; (ga) lakSmIvallabha kI arthadIpikA-TIkA ke sAtha gujarAtI bhASAnuvAda, AgamasaMgraha, kalakattA, san 1934-37; (gha) jayakIti-TIkA ke sAtha hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, san 1906; (Ga) bhadrabAhu kI niyukti aura zAntisUri kI ziSyahitA-TIkA ke sAtha, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, san 1916-17; (ca) bhAvavijayagaNi kI sUtravRtti (vivRti) sahita, vinayabhakti sundaracaraNa granthamAlA, veNapa, vi0 saM0 1997; (cha) kamalasaMyama kI TIkA ke sAtha, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, san 1927; (ja) nemicandra kI sukhabodhA vRttisahita, AtmavallabhagranthAvalI, balAda, ahamadAbAda, san 1937; (jha) jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI cUNi mAtra zvetAmbara saMsthA, indaura prakAzana, san 1933; (a) ghAsIlAla kI priyadazinI saMskRta-TIkA evaM hindI-gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1956-61; (Ta) lakSmIvallabhaTIkA evaM gujarAtI anuvAda ke sAtha, mudraka-zrIzacandra bhaTTAcArya, kalakattA-71; (Tha) bhogIlAla sAMDesarA (u0 1-18) ke gujarAtI anuvAda Adi ke sAtha, gujarAta vidyAsamA, ahamadAbAda, 1652; (Da) ratanalAla DozI ke hindI anuvAda Adi ke sAtha, zrI a0 bhA0 sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (ma0 pra0), vI0 saM0 2486; (Dha) AtmArAma ke hindI anuvAda Adi ke sAtha, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, san 1936-42; For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAstAvika : jaina AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra [ 51 kA aMgrejI prastAvanA aura TippaNI ke sAtha saMzodhita mUlapATha, sekreDa buksa Apha da IsTa, bhAga-45 meM yAkobI kA aMgrejI anuvAda, Ara0 DI0 vADekara tathA ena. vhI. vaidya kA saMzodhita mUlapATha, bhogIlAla sAMDesarA kA mUla ke sAtha gujarAtI anuvAda, AtmArAmajI kA mUla ke sAtha hindI anuvAda, AcArya tulasI kA mUla ke sAtha hindI anuvAda Adi uttarAdhyayana ke mahattvapUrNa saMskaraNa haiN| isa taraha uttarAdhyayana ke isa vipula vyAkhyAtmaka TIkAsAhitya se isake mahattva aura lokapriyatA kA patA calatA hai| (Na) ghevaracandra bAMThiyA ke anuvAda ke sAtha, seThiyA jaina granthamAlA, bIkAnera, san 1953; (ta) muni amolaka ke hindI anuvAda ke sAtha, haidarAbAda, jaina zAstroddhAra mudraNAlaya, vI0 saM0 2446; (tha) muni triloka, AtmArAma zodha saMsthAna, hoziyArapura, paMjAba, (pRthaka-pRthaka adhyayana ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho rahA hai); (da) mahAvIra svAmino aMtima upadeza ke nAma se gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda, gopAladAsa 'jIvAbhAI paTela, janasAhitya prakAzana samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1638; (dha) gujarAtI artha evaM kathAoM Adi ke sAtha (1-15), jaina prAcya vidyA-bhavana, ahamadAbAda, san 1954; (na) mUla suttANi, saMpAdaka-muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala', gurukula priMTiMga presa, vyAvara, vi0 saM0 2010; (pa) muni saubhAgyacandra santabAla ( hindI mAtra ), zve0 sthA0 jaina kAnphareMsa, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1992; (pha) Ara0 DI0 vADekara tathA ena0 vhI. vaidya (mUlamAtra), pUnA 1954; (ba) jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI (mUlamAtra), ahamadAbAda, san 1611; (bha) gujarAtI anuvAda-saMtabAla, ahamadAbAda; (ma) jayantavijaya-TIkA, AgarA, san 1923; (ya) AcArya tulasI-hindI anuvAda Adi ke sAtha, Agama anusandhAna granthamAlA, san 1967; Adi / ina vividha saMskaraNoM ke atirikta aura bhI aneka. saMskaraNa, lekha Adi uttarAdhyayana ke vividha-vividha aMzoM para samaya-samaya para prakAzita hue haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 dravya-vicAra yaha vizva jo hameM dRSTigocara ho rahA hai, vaha itanA hI hai jitanA hameM dikhalAI par3atA hai athavA isase bhI pare kucha hai ? isakA prArambha kaba se huA? isakA kabhI anta hogA yA nahIM ? isake mUla meM kyA hai jisase isakA itanA vikAsa huA ? isake mUla meM kucha hai yA nahIM athavA sirpha bhrama hai ? isakA koI vyavasthApaka hai yA nahIM ? Adi anekoM prazna Aja bhI mAnava ke hRdaya meM jijJAsA ke viSaya bane haiN| ina jijJAsApUrNa praznoM kA samAdhAna vibhinna tattvavettAoM ne vibhinna prakAra se kiyA hai| Aja kA vijJAna bhI isI tathya kI khoja meM anavarata prayatnazIla hai| jainatattvajJAna, para AdhArita uttarAdhyayana-sUtra se isa viSaya meM jo jAnakArI prApta hotI hai use nimna prakAra se abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : ... 1. pratyakSa dikhalAI par3anevAle isa saMsAra ke pare bahuta kucha hai| hameM jo dikhalAI par3a rahA hai vaha samudra kI eka bindu ke barAbara bhI nahIM hai| Aja kA vijJAna jitanI khoja kara sakA hai vaha bhI bahuta hI alpa hai| yaha pratyakSa-dRzyamAna saMsAra aura isase pare ananta-bhAga ko hama vizva zabda se kahate haiN| isase isa vizva ke vistAra kA sirpha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| mukhyata: isa vizva ke do bhAga haiM : 1. jahAM para sRSTi-tattvoM kI maujadagI hai (loka) aura 2. jahAM zuddha AkAza ko chor3akara anya sabhI sRSTitattvoM kA pUrNa abhAva hai ( aloka ) / isameM se jitane bhAga meM sRSTi-tattva vartamAna haiM usakI to kucha sImA hai parantu isake pare jo sRSTi-tattvoM se zUnya zuddha AkAza pradeza hai usakI koI sImA nahIM hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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54 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 2. isa vizva kA prArambha kaba se haA aura yaha kaba taka calegA ? isa viSaya meM koI sImA nirdhArita nahIM kI gaI hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzana isa viSaya meM ekamata haiM ki isa sRSTi kA prArambha-kAla aura anta-kAla nahIM hai| ataH ise anAdi aura ananta kahA hai| kisI vastu kI vartamAna avasthA-vizeSa kI dRSTi se prArambha aura anta donoM saMbhava haiN| 3. yaha vizva zUnyavAdI bauddhoM kI taraha abhAvarUpa (zUnyarUpa) tathA vedAntiyoM kI taraha kalpanAprasUta (mAyArUpa) nahIM hai| apitu yaha utanA hI satya aura Thosa hai jitanA hameM pratIta hotA hai| yaha bAta avazya hai ki isameM pratikSaNa parivartana ho rahA hai parantu parivartana ke hote rahane para bhI usakA sarvathA vinAza nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki yaha sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai ki vidyamAna (sat) kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA aura avidyamAn (asat) kA kabhI AvirbhAva nahIM hotA hai| saMsAra kI asAratA, nazvaratA, bhramarUpatA Adi kA jo varNana grantha meM kiyA gayA hai vaha AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| 4. isa vizva kA vyavasthApaka yA racayitA koI Izvara Adi nahIM hai| yaha svacAlita-yaMtra kI taraha anavarata evaM abAdharUpa se cala rahA hai| ___ ina uparyukta tathyoM kA vizleSaNa Avazyaka hone se sarvaprathama loka-racanA kA nirUpaNa kiyA jaaegaa| loka-racanA pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki yaha vizva do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai : eka vaha bhAga jahA~ puruSa, strI, gAya, baila, kIr3e, patthara, jalAzaya Adi kI sthiti hai jise 'loka' yA 'lokAkAza' ke nAma se kahA gayA hai tathA dUsarA vaha bhAga jahA~ puruSa, strI, gAya, baila, kIr3e, patthara, jalAzaya Adi kisI kI bhI sattA trikAla meM saMbhava 1. nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / -gItA 2. 16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 55 nahIM hai-sirpha AkAza pradeza hai jise 'aloka' yA 'alokAkAza' ke nAma se kahA gayA hai|' isa taraha ke vibhAjana kA AdhAra hai sRSTi-tattvoM kI maujUdagI athavA gairamaujUdagI / yadi isa taraha kA vibhAjana na kiyA jAtA to isa vizva ko asIma mAnanA pdd'taa| AkAza-pradeza kI koI sImA na hone se isakI loka ke bAhara (aloka meM) bhI sattA mAnI gaI hai| aloka kI koI sImA na hone se tathA vahA~ kisI bhI jIva kI gati saMbhava na hone se vivecanIya viSaya loka hI hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se loka ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai2 : 1. UparI-bhAga (Urdhvaloka ), 2. madhyabhAga (tiryakloka yA madhyaloka) tathA 3. adhobhAga (adholok)| loka ke jo ye tIna bhAgaM kie gaye haiM inakA yadyapi grantha meM vistRta varNana nahIM hai phira bhI ise samajhe binA Age kA vivecana samajhanA sarala nahIM hai| ataH grantha meM prApta saMketoM ke AdhAra para tInoM lokoM kA varNana Avazyaka hai| Urdhvaloka : - jahA~ hamArA nivAsa hai usake Upara ke bhAga ko Urdhvaloka ___ kahate haiN| Urdhva loka meM mukhyarUpa se devoM kA nivAsa hone ke kAraNa ise devaloka, brahmaloka, yakSaloka tathA svargaloka bhI 1. jIvA ceva ajIvA ya esa loe viyAhie / ajIvadesamAgAse aloe se viyAhie / / -u0 36. 2. tathA dekhie-u0 28. 7; 36. 7.. 2. uDDhe ahe ya tiriyaM ca / -u. 36. 50. tathA dekhie-u. 36. 54. 3. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 3; trilokaprajJapti, jIvAbhigamasUtra, candraprajJapti, bhagavatIsUtra Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kahA gayA hai|' isa Urdhvaloka meM Upara-Upara devatAoM ke kaI vimAna haiN| saba prakAra kI abhilASAoM ko pUrNa karanevAle 'sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka antima vimAna se 12 yojana (karIba 48000 kroza kSetra-pramANa) Upara eka 'siddha-zilA' hai| yaha siddha-zilA 45 lAkha yojana lambI tathA itanI hI caur3I hai| isakI paridhi (ghirAva) kucha adhika tIna gunI (14230246 yojana se kucha adhika) hai| madhyabhAga meM isakI moTAI ATha yojana hai jo kramazaH cAroM ora se kRza hotI huI makkhI ke para se bhI adhika kRza ho gaI hai| isakA AkAra khole hue chatra ke samAna hai| zaMkha, aMka-ratna (zveta kAntivAlA ratna-vizeSa) aura kunda-puSpa ke samAna svabhAvataH sapheda, nirmala, kalyANakAriNI evaM suvarNamayI hone se ise 'sItA' nAma se kahA gayA hai| UparIbhAga meM atyanta laghu hone ke kAraNa ise 'ISatprAgbhArA' nAma se bhI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| isase eka yojana-pramANa Upara vAle kSetra ko lokAntabhAga kahA gayA hai kyoMki isake bAda loka kI sImA samApta ho jAtI hai aura aloka kA prArambha ho jAtA hai| isI eka yojana-pramANa lokAnta-bhAga ke UparI kroza ke chaThe bhAga meM mukta-AtmAoM kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai / 3 grantha meM 1. 'kammaI divaM' -u0 5. 22; 'devalogacuo saMto' -u0 16. 8; 'se cue bambhalogAo' -u0 18. 26; 'gacche jakkhasalogayaM' -u0 5. 24; 'khAe samiddhe suralogaramme' -u. 14. 1. 2. avacUrikAra ne ATha yojana pramANa meM 'utsedhAGa gula' se tathA anuyogadvAra meM 'pramANAGa gula' se kSetra-sImA nApane kI kalpanA kI hai| isase kSetra-sImA meM kAphI antara ho jAtA hai| -~-u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1668. 3. bArasahiM joyaNehiM savvaTThassuvari bhave / IsipabbhAranAmA u puDhavI chattasaMThiyA / / paNayAlasayasahassA joyaNANaM tu AyayA / tAva iyaM ceva vitthiNNA tiguNo tasseva parirao / / aTTajoyaNabAhallA sA majjhammi viyAhiyA / parihAyantI carimante macchiyapattA taNuyarI / / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 57 * 'lokAnta' ko hI 'lokAna' bhI kahA gayA hai kyoMki yaha pradeza loka kA sarvazreSTha bhAga hone se zIrSa sthAnApanna bhI hai|' madhyaloka (tiryakloka) : grantha meM madhyaloka ko 'tiryakloka' kahA gayA hai| kyoMki isa loka meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa aura samudra paraspara eka-dUsare ko ghere hue tiryakarUpa (AjUbAja-tirache) se (svayambhUramaNa samudra taka) avasthita haiM tathA isakA AkAra khar3e kie gae mRdaMga ke ardhabhAga sadRza hai|3 itane vizAla kSetra meM se kevala DhAI-dvIpoM meM hI mAnava kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai| DhAI-dvIpa ko 'samayakSetrika'5 kahA gayA ajjuNasuvaNNagamaI sA puDhavI nimmalA sahAveNaM / . uttApagacchattagasaMThiyA ya bhaNiyA jiNavarehi // saMkhaMkakuMdasaMkAsA paMDurA nimmalA suhA / sIyAe joyaNe tatto loyaMto u viyAhio // joyaNassa u jo tatya koso uvarammi bhave / tassa kosassa chabbhAe siddhaNogAhaNA bhave // -u. 36. 57-62. tathA dekhie-DA0 ja0, pR0 246H 1. aloe paDihayA siddhA loyagge ya paiTThiyA / -u. 36. 56. 2. dekhie-pR0 55, pA0 Ti0 2. 3. tattvasamuccaya, pR0 67. tathA vRtta-citra 1-2. 4, prAGa mAnuSottarAnmanuSyAH / -ta0 sU0 3.35. 5. samaya-kSetra vaha kSetra hai jahA~ samaya, AvalikA, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana Adi kA kAlavibhAga parijJAta hotA hai| samaya-kSetra kA dUsarA nAma manuSya-kSetra bhI hai kyoMki janmataH manuSya kevala samaya-kSetra (DhAI dvIpa) meM hI pAe jAte haiN| samaya-kSetra ke bAhara kAla-vibhAga nahIM hotA hai kyoMki manuSya-kSetra meM vidyamAna sUrya-candramA hI apanI gati dvArA samaya, mAsa Adi kA vibhAjana karate haiN| manuSya-kSetra ke bAhara yadyapi asaMkhyAta sUrya aura candramA haiM parantu ve. gatizIla For Personal & Private Use Only

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58 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana hai / ' una DhAI - dvIpoM ke nAma haiM- jambUdvIpa, dhAtakIkhaMDadvIpa aura AdhA puSkaradvIpa ( puSkarArdha) / ina DhAI dvIpoM kI racanA eka samAna hai; antara kevala itanA hai ki inakA kSetra kramaza: dugunA- dugunA hotA gayA hai / puSkara-dvIpa ke madhya meM mAnuSottara parvata A jAne ke kAraNa puSkaradvIpa AdhA liyA gayA hai / ataH isakA kSetra - phala dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa ke hI barAbara hai / 2 jambU dvIpa meM 7 pramukha kSetra haiM- bharata, haimavata, hari, videha, ramyaka, hairaNyavata aura airAvata | 3 videha - kSetra meM do anya pramukha kSetra haiM jinake nAma haiM - devakuru aura uttarakuru / dhAtakIkhaMDa aura puSkarArdha - dvIpa meM ina sabhI kSetroM kI dugunI - dugunI saMkhyA hai| ye sabhI kSetra karmabhUmi, karmabhUmi aura antaradvIpa ke bheda se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita haiM / nahIM haiM / ataH vyavahAra-kAla kA vibhAga manuSyakSetra taka hI sImita hone se manuSya kSetra ko samaya-kSetra kahA jAtA hai / - dekhie - uttarajjhayaNANi (A0 tulasI), bhAga-2, pR0316. 1. samae samayakhettie / --u0 36.7 2. ina kSetroM meM jambUdvApa jo thAlI ke AkAra kA hai sabake bIcoMbIca hai| isake cAroM ora lavaNasamudra hai / isake bAda cUr3I ke AkAra meM dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa lavaNasamudra ke cAroM ora sthita hai / isake bAda dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa ke cAroM ora kAlodadhisamudra hai / isake bAda kAlodadhisamudra ke cAroM ora puSkaradvIpa hai / isIprakAra Age bhI samudra aura dvIpa ke krama se svayambhUraMmaNa samudra taka racanA hai / - dekhie - vRtta - citra 2. 3. bharata haimavata harivideha ramyaka hairaNyavatai rAvatavarSAH kSetrANi / 4. kamma kammabhUmA ya aMtaraddIvayA tahA / - ta0sU0 3.10. - u0 36. 165. pannarasatI savihA bheyA aTThavIsaI / saMkhA u kamaso tesiii esA viyAhiyA || -u0 36.166. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [56 (ka) karmabhUmi-jahA~ para manuSya kRSi, vANijya, zilpakalA Adi ke dvArA jIvana-nirvAha karate haiM arthAt jahA~ binA karma kie jIvana-yApana saMbhava na ho use 'karmabhUmi' kahate haiN| yahA~ kA jIva hI sabase bar3A pApa-karma aura sabase bar3A puNya-karma kara sakatA hai| isakI sImA meM bharata, airAvata tathA mahAvideha (videha kA vaha bhAga jo devu kuru aura uttarakuru kSetra se rahita hai) ye tIna kSetra Ate haiN| ye tIna kSetra hI DhAI-dvIpoM meM 15 kSetroM kI saMkhyA pUrNa kara lete haiN| jaise-jambUdvIpa meM eka bharata, eka airAvata aura eka mahAvideha hai| dhAtakIkhaMDa dvIpa meM do bharata, do airAvata aura do mahAvideha haiN| puSkarArdhadvIpa meM do bharata, do airAvata tathA do| mahAvideha haiN| isa taraha DhAI-dvIpoM meM karmabhUmi ke kula milAkara 15 kSetra haiN|2 Aja kA vijJAna jitane bhU-khaNDa kI khoja kara sakA hai vaha saba karmabhami ke jambUdvIpa sthita bharatakSetra kA bahata choTA-sA bhAga hai| isase isa pUre madhyaloka tathA tInoM lokoM ke vistAra kA sirpha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| (kha) akarmabhUmi (bhogabhUmi)-jahA~ kRSi Adi karma kie binA hI bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI upalabdha ho jAtI hai aura jIvana-yApana karane ke lie koI prayatna nahIM karanA par3atA hai use 'akarmabhUmi' kahate haiN| yahA~ para bhogopabhoga kI sAmagrI icchA karane mAtra se upalabdha ho jAtI hai jisase loga bhogoM meM lIna rahate haiN| isIlie ise bhogabhUmi' bhI kahate haiN| AdikAla kA jo prAkRtika-sAmyavAda itihAsa meM milatA hai prAyaH usI taraha kA suvikasita-rUpa bhogabhUmi ke viSaya meM milatA hai| devatAoM ke sukhasadRza yahA~ sukha kI hI pradhAnatA hai| avaziSTa (karmabhUmi ke 15 kSetra chor3akara) 30 kSetroM meM bhogabhUmiyA~ mAnI 1. bharatarAvatavidehAH karmabhUmayo'nyatra devakurUttarakurubhyaH / -ta0 sU0 3.37. 2. bahI, tathA u0 36.196 (AtmArAma-TIkA) 3. vhii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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60] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana gaI haiN|' jaise-jambUdvIpa meM eka haimavata, eka hari, eka ramyaka, eka hairaNyavata, eka devakuru aura eka uttarakuru-ye 6 kSetra haiN| isI taraha dhAtakIkhaNDadvIpa aura puSkarArdhadvIpa meM haimavatAdi pratyeka ke 2-2 kSetra hone se donoM dvIpoM ke 12-12 kSetra haiN| isa taraha kula milAkara akarmabhUmi ke 30 kSetra mAne gae haiN| (ga) antaradvIpa-karmabhUmi aura akarmabhUmi ke pradeza ke atirikta jo samudra ke madhyavartI dvIpa baca jAte haiM unheM 'antaradvIpa' kahate haiN| isake 28 kSetroM meM bhI manuSyoM kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai| isa taraha isa madhyaloka ke itanA vizAla hone para bhI tInoM lokoM ke kSetraphala meM isakA kSetraphala zUnya ke barAbara hai / adholoka : yaha madhyaloka se nIce kA pradeza hai| isameM kramazaH nIce-nIce sAta pRthiviyAM haiM jo kramazaH sAta narakoM ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| 1. vhii| 2. jambUdvIpa ke cAroM ora phaile hue lavaNasamudra meM himavAn parvatasambandhI 28 antaradvIpa haiN| ye antaradvIpa sAta catuSkoM meM vidyamAna haiN| inake kramaza: nAma ye haiM : prathama catuSka-ekoruka, AbhASika, lAGa gUlika aura vaiSANika / dvitIya catuSka-hayakarNa, gajakarNa, gokarNa aura zaSkulIkarNa / tRtIya catuSka-Adarzamukha, meSamukha, hayamukha aura gajamukha / caturtha catuSka-azvamukha, hastimukha, siMhamukha aura vyAghamukha / paMcama catuSka-azvakarNa, siMhakarNa, gajakarNa aura karNaprAvaraNa / SaSTha catuSka-ulkAmukha, vidyunmukha, jihvAmukha aura meghamukha / saptama catuSka-ghanadanta, gUDhadanta, zreSThadanta aura zuddhadanta / ___ isI prakAra se zikharaNIparvata sambandhI bhI 28 antaradvIpa haiM / isa taraha kula milAkara 56 antaradvIpa hote haiN| parantu donoM ko abhinna mAnakara grantha meM antaradvIpoM ke 28 avAntaradvIpa ginAe haiM / -dekhie-36.166. ( AtmArAma-TIkA, pR0 1756-1760 ; ghAsIlAla-TIkA, bhAga-4 pR0 605-607) For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 61 inameM mukhyatayA nArakI jIvoM kA nivAsa hai| unake kramazaH nAma ye haiM- ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaHprabhA tathA mhaatmHprbhaa|' inake sAtha jo 'prabhA' (kAnti) zabda jur3A huA hai vaha unake raMga ko abhivyakta karatA hai / isa taraha isa loka-racanA ke tIna pramukha bhAgoM meM se Urdhvaloka ke sabase UparI-bhAga meM mukta AtmAoM kA nivAsa hai| usake nIce 'siddhazilA' nAmakI pRthivI hai tathA usake nIce devatAoM ke AkAzagAmI vimAna haiM / usake nIce madhyaloka meM mukhya rUpa se mAnavajagat hai / isake bAda sabase nIce adholoka meM narakasambandhI sAta pRthiviyAM haiM jinameM mukhyarUpa se nArakI jIva rahate haiN| isa loka kI sImA ke cAroM ora ananta-sImArahita alokAkAza hai| yaha loka-racanA itanI vizAla evaM jaTila hai ki Aja kA vijJAna isake bahuta hI sUkSma-aMza ko jAna sakA hai| jaTa-dravya sampUrNa loka meM sAmAnya taura se do hI tattva pAe jAte haiM : cetana aura acetana / grantha meM inake kramaza: nAma haiM-jIva-dravya .. aura ajIva-dravya / 2 ina do dravyoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga se hI isa nAnA prakAra kI sRSTi kA AvirbhAva evaM tirobhAva hotA hai| yahAM eka bAta dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki ye donoM dravya jinheM tattva zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai, sAMkhya-darzana ke puruSa (cetana) aura . 1: neraiyA sattavihA puDhavIsU sattasU bhave / rayaNAbhasakkarAbhA bAluyAbhA ya AhiyA // paMkAmA dhUmAbhA tamA tamatamA thaa| -u0 36. 156-157. vizeSa-loka meM kula ATha pRthiviyAM haiM jinameM se sAta adholoka meM haiM aura eka siddhazilA nAma kI Urdhvaloka meM hai / madhyaloka meM jo pRthivI hai vaha adholoka kI ratnaprabhA nAma kI prathama pRthivI kI UparI sataha hai| 2. dekhie-pR0 55, pA0 di0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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62 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana prakRti (acetana) kI taraha ekarUpa nahIM haiN| yadyapi cetana-tattva sAMkhya ke puruSa kI taraha aneka haiM parantu unake svarUpa meM bhinnatA hai| isI taraha acetana-tattva bhI aneka haiN| ve sAMkhya kI prakRti kI taraha ekarUpa nahIM haiM apitu mukhya rUpa se pAMca svatantra tattvoM vAle haiN| una pAMca acetana tattvoM ke nAma haiM-gatidravya (dharmadravya), sthitidravya (adharmadravya), samayadravya (kAla), pradezadravya (AkAza) aura rUpIdravya (pudgl)| aisA nahIM hai ki kisI eka acetanatattva se ina pAMcoM kA AvirbhAva huA ho| apitu ye pAMcoM hI dravya apane Apa meM pUrNa svatantra haiN| cetana aura acetana guNa ke sadabhAva aura asadbhAva ke AdhAra para hI loka ke samasta dravyoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| ataH mukhyarUpa se cetana aura acetana aise do mUla-tattva mAnane ke kAraNa sAMkhya kI taraha dvaitavAda nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| do se adhika mUla-tattvoM kI sattA svIkAra karane se bahutvavAda hI kahA jA sakatA hai| jisa taraha cetana guNa ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva ke AdhAra se dravyoM ke do bheda saMbhava haiM usI prakAra rUpAdiguNa ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva se, bahupradezatva (astikAya) aura eka-pradezatva (eka-pradezavartIanastikAya) ke AdhAra se, loka-pramANatva aura lokAlokapramANatva ke AdhAra se, ekatvasaMkhyA-viziSTatva aura bahutvasaMkhyA-viziSTatva Adi ke AdhAra se aura bhI anya aneka dvaitAtmaka bheda saMbhava haiN| inakA Age yathA-prasaMga varNana kiyA jaaegaa| parantu isa prakAra kA dvaitAtmaka-vibhAjana grantha meM abhipreta nahIM hai kyoMki isase cetana-tattva kI svatantra sattA meM bahuta bar3A AghAta pahuMcatA hai aura jabaki acetana-tattva se cetanatattva kI svatantra sattA siddha karanA grantha kA mukhya uddezya hai| ataH isa prakAra kA dvaitAtmaka-vibhAjana saMbhava hone para bhI lokAloka meM pAe jAne vAle sabhI dravyoM ko mukhyarUpa se chaH svatantra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| ina chaH dravyoM ke svatantra bhedoM 1. dhammo adhammo AgAsaM kAlo puggala-jantavo / esa logo ti pannatto jiNehiM baradaMsihi // -u0 28.7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [.63 meM cetana jIva-dravya ke atirikta acetana-dravya-sambandhI pAMca svatantra dravyoM ko bhI milA liyA gayA hai| isa taraha chaH dravyoM ke nAma ye haiM-1. cetana-jIva, 2. rUpI-acetana-pudgala, 3. gati-hetu-dharma, 4. sthiti-hetu-adharma, 5. samaya-kAla aura 6. pradeza (avakAza)-AkAza / yadyapi ina chaH dravyoM meM se jIva, pudgala aura kAla dravya ke anya avAntara aneka svatantra bheda haiM parantu unheM sAmAnyaguNa kI apekSA se eka meM antarbhAva karake chaH hI svatantra dravyoM ko ginAyA gayA hai| ina chaH dravyoM ke atirikta sampUrNa loka tathA aloka meM koI anya svatantra dravya nahIM hai| ina chaH mUla dravyoM se hI isa sRSTi kA saMcAlana hotA hai| inake atirikta Izvara Adi anya koI saMcAlaka tattva nahIM hai| alpa-viSaya hone se pahale acetana-dravya kA varNana kiyA jaaegaa| acetana dravya : __ acetana-dravya se tAtparya hai jisameM jAnane aura dekhane kI zakti nahIM hai / yaha mukhyarUpa se do prakAra kA hai' : 1 jisameM rUpAdi kA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai vaha 'rUpI' tathA 2 jisa meM rUpAdi kA abhAva rahatA hai vaha 'arUpI' / jisakA koI Thosa AkAra-prakAra Adi saMbhava hai use rUpI yA mUrtika kahate haiM tathA jisakA koI Thosa AkAraprakAra Adi saMbhava nahIM hai use arUpI yA amUrtika kahate haiN| ina donoM prakAroM meM rUpI-dravya kA mukhyarUpa se eka hI bheda hai jisakA nAma hai-pudgala / arUpI-acetana-dravya ke pramukha cAra bheda haiM jinake nAma ye haiM-dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / isa taraha kula milAkara acetana-dravya ke pramukha pAMca bheda haiN| isake ati 1. rUviNo cevarUvI ya ajIvA duvihA bhave / arUvI dasahA vuttA rUviNau ya cauvvihA // -u0 36.4. tathA dekhie-u036.246. For Personal & Private Use Only

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64 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana rikta jo anya avAntara-bheda kie gae haiM ve saba inake hI avAntararUpa haiM / acetana-dravya ke avAntara bheda nimnokta haiM : 1 acetana-ajIvadravya rUpI ( pudgala) arUpI skandha deza pradeza paramANu / dharma adharma AkAza . AkAza kAla / / / / / / / skandha deza pradeza skandha deza pradeza skandha deza pradeza aba kramazaH ina dravyoM kA vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| (ka) rUpI acetana-dravya (pudgala) : __ rUpI acetana-dravya se tAtparya hai-jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura AkAra pAyA jaave| jo sUnA jA sake, khAyA jA sake, tor3A jA sake, dekhA jA sake vaha saba rUpI acetana-dravya hai| isakA eka vizeSa nAma diyA gayA hai-'pudgl'| chaH dravyoM meM 'pudgala' hI eka mAtra aisA dravya hai jisameM rUpAdi guNa pAe jAte haiN| 1. vhii| dhammatthikAe taddese tappaese ya Ahie / ahammo tassa dese ya tappaese ya Ahie / AgAse tassa dese ya tappaese ya Ahie / avAsamae ceva arUvI dasahA bhave // -u0 36.5-6. khaMdhA ya khaMdhadesA ya tappaesA taheva y| paramANuo ya boddhavvA rUviNo ya cauvihA // -u0 36.10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 65 rUpAdi guNoM ke bheda-prabheda aura unakA paraspara sambandha-pudgala dravya meM pAe jAnevAle rUpAdi guNoM ke pramukha pAMca bheda haiN| ina pAMcoM bhedoM ke anya avAntara paccIsa bheda nimnokta haiM :1 1. rUpa (varNa)-rUpa yA varNa se tAtparya hai -dravya meM pAyA jAne vAlA 'raMga' jisakA bodha hameM apanI A~khoM se hotA hai| isake mukhya pA~ca prakAra isa prakAra ginAe haiM-kAlA (kRSNa), nIlA (nIla), lAla (lohita), pIlA (pIta) aura sapheda (zukla) / ina pramukha 5 raMgoM ke atirikta jo anya raMga hameM dikhalAI par3ate haiM ve inhIM ke sammizraNa se banate haiN| ataH unakA pRthak kathana na karake inhIM meM antarbhAva kara liyA gayA hai / 2. rasa-rasa se tAtparya hai-'svAda' jisakA bodha hameM apanI jihvA indriya se hotA hai| isake bhI pramukha pA~ca prakAra ginAe haiM- caraparA (tikta), kaDuA (kaTuka), kasailA, khaTTA (amla) aura mIThA (mdhur)| 3: gandha-gandha se tAtparya hai-nAsikA idriya dvArA anubhava kI jAnevAlI 'sugandha yA durgndh'| isake pramukha do prakAra haiMsugandha ( jisase Asakti baDhe / jaise-candanAdi se nikalanevAlI gandha ) aura durgandha (jisase ghRNA paidA ho| jaise-lazuna Adi se nikalanevAlI gndh)| amuka vastue~ sugandhavAlI haiM aura amuka vastue~ durgandhavAlI haiM aisA vibhAjana saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki isa viSaya meM alaga-alaga jIva kI alaga-alaga anubhUti hai| 1. vaNNao pariNayA je u paMcahA te pakittiyA / .. kiNhA nIlA ya lohiyA, hAliddA sukkilA thaa| . saMThANao pariNayA je u paMcahA te pkittiyaa| parimaMDalA ya vaTTA ya taMsA cauraMsamAyayA / / -u0 36..16-21. . nyAyadarzana meM rUpAdi ke bheda-prabheda bhinna prakAra se ginAe haiN| -dekhie-takaMsaMgraha, pratyakSa-pariccheda, pR0 11-12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana eka hI vastu kisI ko sugandhita laga sakatI hai aura kisI ko durgandhita / 4. sparza-sparza se tAtparya hai-hastAdi ke dvArA chane se hone vAlA anubhv| yaha mukhyarUpa se ATha prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai-kaThora ( karkaza ), mulAyama ( mRdu), vajanadAra ( guru ), halkA ( lagha ), ThaMDA ( zIta ), garama ( uSNa ), cikanA (snigdha) aura rUkhA ( rukSa ) / 5. saMsthAna--saMsthAna se tAtparya hai--AkRti yA AkAra ( racanA ) / isakA bodha hameM cakSa indriya evaM sparzana indriya ke dvArA hotA hai| isake pramukha pA~ca prakAra haiM-golAkAra (parimaMDala-cUr3I kI taraha gola ), vRttAkAra ( geMda kI taraha vartulAkAra ), trikoNAkAra ( vyasra ), catuSkoNa (caturasra-cAra konoM vAlA ) aura lambAkAra ( Ayata ) / ___ rUpAdi ke ina pAMcoM bhedoM meM paraspara sambandha bhI hai| jisa dravya meM rUpa ke pAMca bhedoM meM se koI eka rUpa hogA usameM rasAdi ke avAntara bhedoM meM se bhI pratyeka kA koI na koI bheda avazya hogaa| koI bhI rUpI-dravya aisA nahIM hai jisameM koI na koI rasa, sparza, gandha aura AkAra na ho| arthAta jisameM rUpAdi meM se koI guNa prakaTarUpa se hogA usameM anya rasAdi sabhI guNa bhI kisI na kisI mAtrA meM avazya raheMge kyoMki jisameM rUpa ho usameM rasAdi guNa na hoM, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH ina rUpAdi guNoM ke paraspara sammizraNa kI sthiti-vizeSake bheda se grantha meM inake 482 bheda ( bhaGga ) ginAe haiN| jaise' -rUpa ke pA~coM bhedoM kA rasAdi ke bIsa bhedoM ke sAtha saMyoga karane para / 54 20 ) 100 bheda rUpa-sambandhI hote haiN| pA~ca rasa ke bhedoM kA anya rUpAdi ke bIsa 1. vaNNao je bhave kiNhe bhaie se u gNdho| rasao phAsao ceva bhaie saMThANaovi ya / / je AyayasaMThANe bhaie se u vaNNao / gaMdhao rasao ceva bhaie phAsaovi ya / / -u0 36. 22-46. . . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [67 bhedoM ke sAtha saMyoga karane para (5420) 100 bheda rasa-sambandhI banate haiN| gandha ke do bhedoM kA taditara rUpAdi ke teIsa bhedoM ke sAtha saMyoga karane para (24 23 ) 46 bheda gandhasambandhI banate haiN| sparza ke ATha bhedoM kA taditara rUpAdi ke satraha bhedoM ke sAtha saMyoga karane para ( 8 x 17 ) 136 bheda sparza-sambandhI banate haiN|' saMsthAna ke pA~ca bhedoM kA taditara rUpAdi ke bIsa bhedoM ke sAtha saMyoga karane para ( 5420 ) 100 bheda saMsthAna-sambandhI banate haiN| yahAM yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki svajAtIya kA svajAtIya ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM hogA kyoMki jo kRSNavarNa vAlA hogA vaha zvetavarNa vAlA nahIM hogaa| grantha meM rUpAdi ke jo ye 482 bheda ginAe haiM ve sAmAnya apekSA se ginAe haiM anyathA rUpAdi ke taratamabhAva kI apekSA lekara yadi uparyukta prakAra se bhedoM kI kalpanA kI jAegI to rUpAdi ke aneka bheda ho jaaeNge| vAya Adi meM rUpAdi kI siddhi-rUpAdi ke Apasa ke sambandha ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki jisameM koI bhI rUpa hogA usameM koI na koI rasa, gandha, sparza aura AkAra bhI avazya hogaa| isI taraha jisameM koI rasa yA gandha yA sparza yA AkAra hogA usameM taditara anya guNa bhI kisI na kisI mAtrA meM avazya hoNge| aisA koI bhI rUpIdravya nahIM hogA jisameM rUpa to ho parantu rasa-gandha Adi na hoM, yA gandha to ho kintu rUpa-rasa Adi na hoN| yaha saMbhava hai ki anya rasAdi guNoM kI spaSTa pratIti na ho| ataH kisI pudgala vizeSa meM kisI guNa vizeSa kA sarvathA abhAva nahIM hai| isa taraha isa siddhAMta se vaizeSikoM dvArA parikalpita vAyu kA yaha lakSaNa ki 'jo rUparahita 1. prajJApanA-sUtra kI vRtti meM sparza ke 184 bheda (bhaGga) ginAe haiN| vaha isa AdhAra para ki karkaza sparzavAlA tadvirodhI mRdusparza ko chor3akara anya svajAtIya sparzavAlA bhI ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra anya sparzavAlA bhI tadvirodhI sparza ko chor3akara anya sparzavAlA ho sakane se sparza ke (23 4 8) 184 bheda saMbhava hai| -u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1655. For Personal & Private Use Only

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68 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana sparzavAlI vastu ho, vAyu hai' ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki vaizeSikoM ne vAyu meM sparza ko svIkAra karake bhI use rUpa - rasAdi se rahita mAnA hai| anubhava meM AtA hai ki jaba vAyu kisI dIvAla Adi se avaruddha ho jAtI hai to usakA koI na koI Thosa AkAra bhI avazya honA cAhie anyathA vAyu ko dIvAla Adi se rukanA nahIM cAhie | vAyu meM jaba koI Thosa AkAra hai to usameM koI na koI rUpa bhI avazya honA cAhie; bhale hI vaha hameM pratyakSa na ho / isa tarka ke dvArA yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki cetana AtmA meM bhI rUpAdi honA cAhie kyoMki vaha bhI koI vastu hai / aisI Thosa vastu nahIM hai jo kisI dIvAla Adi se ruke / vAyu kI hI taraha jalAdi meM bhI rUpAdi pA~coM guNoM kA sadbhAva hai kyoMki pRthivI Adi sabhI dravya jaba rUpI - pudgala ke vikAra ( paryAya) haiM to phira unameM rUpAdi pA~coM guNa kyoM nahIM hoMge ? ataH jahA~ rUpAdi meM se koI bhI guNa prakaTa hogA vahAM rasAdi anya guNa bhI kisI na kisI aMza meM avazya hoNge| isa taraha jalAdi meM pA~coM guNoM kA sadbhAva na mAnane vAle vaizeSikoM kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / AtmA pudgala kA lakSaNa - grantha meM pudgala kA lakSaNa karate hue zabda, andhakAra, udyota (prakAza), prabhA ( kAnti), chAyA, Atapa, varNa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ina 10 nAmoM ko ginAyA hai / 2 1. rUparahita sparzavAnvAyuH / - tarka saMgraha, pR0 7. vaizeSikadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki pRthivI meM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ye cAroM guNa pAe jAte haiM parantu jala meM gandha kA, teja meM gandha aura rasa kA, vAyu meM rUpa - rasa aura gandha kA abhAva hai / vedAntadarzana ke anusAra ye saba brahma ke hI vikAra haiN| inakA utpattikrama hai- AkAza se vAyu, vAyu se agni, agni se jala aura jala se pRthivI / 2. saddandhayAra - ujjoo pabhA chAyA tavo i vA / vaNNarasagandhaphAsA puggalANaM tu lakkhaNaM / / - u0 28. 12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra isakA tAtparya hai ki zabdAdi sabhI pudgala haiN| zabda, andhakAra, udyota, prabhA, chAyA, Atapa ye sabhI pudgala hI haiM yaha bAta siddha karane ke lie hI pudgala ke lakSaNa meM inheM ginAyA gayA hai; anyathA varNAdi ke kahane mAtra se pudgala kA lakSaNa ho sakatA thaa| jaisA ki tattvArthasatrakAra ne kiyA hai| yahA~ eka bAta vicAraNIya hai ki pudgala ke lakSaNa meM varNAdi ke ullekha ke sAtha saMsthAna (AkAra) ko kyoM chor3a diyA gayA hai ? jabaki rUpAdi ke bhedoM meM saMsthAna ko bhI ginAyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bhI pudagala ke lakSaNa meM saMsthAna kA sanniveza nahIM kiyA hai, jabaki pudgala kI vibhinna avasthAoM ( paryAyoM ) kA ullekha karate samaya zabdAdi ke sAtha saMsthAna kA bhI tattvArthasUtrakAra ne sanniveza kiyA hai / 2 isase pratIta hotA hai ki pudgala ke lakSaNa meM saMsthAna bhI gatArtha hai| kyoMki jaba kisI pudagala meM rUpAdi cAra guNoM kA sadabhAva hogA to usakA koI na koI AkAra bhI avazya hogaa| ataH grantha meM pudagala ke svabhAva (pariNAma) kA varNana karate hue use spaSTa rUpa se rUpAdi pA~ca guNoM se yukta batalAyA hai| zabdAdi meM pudgala tva kI siddhi-vaizeSikadarzana meM 'zabda' ko AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai| jabaki yahA~ para zabda ko pudgaladravya kI avasthA vizeSa (paryAya) mAnA gayA hai / hama zravaNendriya se zabda kA jJAna karate haiM parantu usameM na to koI rUpa hai, na rasa 1. sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH / -ta0 sU0 5. 23. . 2. zabdabandhasaukSmyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyAtapodyotavantazca / -ta0 sU0 5. 24. 3. vaNNao gaMdhao ceva rasao phAsao tahA / saMThANao ya vinneo pariNAmo tesi paMcahA / / / -u0 36.15. 4. zabdaguNakamAkAzam / -tarkasaMgraha, pR0 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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70 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana aura na gandha / zabda kA sparza bhI aisA nahIM hotA jise hama chUkara batA sakeM ki isameM kaThora yA mRdu sparza hai / parantu karNa - indriya se zabda kA samparka hone para usakA jJAna avazya hotA hai / hama zabda ko tAlu Adi ke prayatna se utpanna karate haiM aura use rikArDa bhI kara lete haiM jisase jJAta hotA hai ki usakA koI AkAra evaM sparza bhI avazya honA cAhie / jaba zabda meM AkAra aura sparza hai to rUpAdi anya guNa bhI avazya hone cAhie jinakA hameM pratyakSa-jJAna nahIM hotA hai / zabda kI taraha 'andhakAra' bhI prakAza kA abhAva mAtra nahIM hai apitu vaha bhI rUpAdi se yukta hone ke kAraNa pudgala kI hI avasthA vizeSa ( paryAya ) hai | yadi 'andhakAra' mAtra prakAza kA abhAva hotA to usakA pratyakSa nahIM honA cAhie kyoMki abhAva kA kabhI pratyakSAtmaka anubhava nahIM hotA hai / yadyapi prakAza ke Ane para andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai aura prakAza ke cale jAne para andhakAra chA jAtA hai / parantu isase ulaTA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki andhakAra ke Ane para prakAza calA jAtA hai aura andhakAra ke cale jAne para prakAza A jAtA hai / ataH andhakAra abhAvamAtra na hokara prakAza kI taraha sattAtmaka pudgala dravya hai / isI taraha 'chAyA', 'Atapa', 'prabhA' aura 'udyota' Adi 'ko bhI pudgala dravya kI paryAya jAnanA cAhie / vijJAna bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karatA hai / " isa taraha zabda, andhakAra Adi meM rUpAdi guNoM kA sadbhAva hone se ye sabhI pudgala dravyarUpa hI haiM / isake atirikta pRthivI, jala, teja (agni) aura vAyu ye cAroM bhautika dravya vaizeSikoM kI taraha svatantra dravya nahIM haiM apitu ye sabhI pudgala kI hI vibhinna avasthA - vizeSa ( paryAya ) haiM / isake atirikta rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa mAnava ke dvArA kie gae acche aura bure karma bhI pudgalarUpa hI haiM / isakA Age varNana kiyA jaaegaa| isa taraha Adhunika vijJAna ke meTara aura enarjI sabhI pudgalarUpa hI haiM / 12 1. dekhie - mokSazAstra ( 5. 23 - 24 ) - paM0 phUlacandra, pR0 226-236. 2. paMcAstikAya ( gAthA 82 ) meM pudgala ke samasta viSaya kA ullekha karate hue spaSTa likhA hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [71 pudgala ke bheda aura unakA svarUpa-grantha meM rUpI pudgala-dravya ke jina cAra bhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai unake nAma ye haiM : 1. skandha (samudAya), 2. deza (skandha kA kalpita-bhAga), 3. pradeza (skandha se milA huA samUhAtmaka dravya kA sabase choTA avibhAjyAMza) tathA 4. paramANu ( skandha se pRthaka sabase choTA avibhAjya aMza ) / rUpIdravya kA vaha bhAga jo kama-se-kama do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sake 'skandha' (samUha-samudAya) kahalAtA hai / dRSTigocara hone vAle sabhI dravya skandha-rUpa hI haiM kyoMki unheM do yA adhika bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| rUpI-dravya kA vaha bhAga jo do bhAgoM meM vibhakta na kiyA jA sake aisA sabase choTA aMza (jo samUhAtmaka dravya se pRthak ho) 'paramANu' kahalAtA hai| jaba paramANu kisI samUhAtmaka dravya se sambaddha ho jAtA hai to use 'pradeza' kahate haiN| arthAta skandha ke sabase choTe aMza ko pradeza kahate haiM aura usa sabase choTe avibhAjya aMza ke skandha se pRthak ho jAne para use hI paramANu kahate haiN| bar3e skandha ke kalpita bhAgavizeSa ko jo sabase choTA aMza na ho. 'deza' kahate haiN| isa taraha 'deza' aura 'pradeza' ina do bhedoM ke skandharUpa hone se pudgaladravya ke do hI mukhya bheda haiM : skandha aura paramANu / tattvArthasUtrakAra ne pudgala-dravya ke aNu aura skandha ke bheda se do hI bheda kie haiM / 2 uvabhojjamidiehiM ya iMdiya kAyA maNo ya kammANi / jaM havadi muttamaNNaM taM savvaM puggalaM jANe // 1. dekhie-u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1632. paMcAstikAya (gAyA 74-75) meM bhI pudgala ke isI prakAra cAra bheda kie haiM / parantu vahA~ skandha ke Adhe bhAga ko 'deza' aura skandha ke caturthAMza ko 'pradeza' kahA hai" khaMdhA ya khaMdhadesA khaMdhapadesA ya hoMti paramANU / idi te caduvviyappA puggalakAyA muNeyavvA // khadhaM sayalasamatthaM tassa du addhaM bhaNaMti desoti / addhaddhaM ca padezo paramANU ceva avibhaagii|| 2. aNavaH skandhAzca / -ta0 sU0 5.25. For Personal & Private Use Only

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uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana paramANu kA yadyapi cakSu se pratyakSa-jJAna nahIM hotA hai phira bhI usa meM rUpAdi kA abhAva nahIM hai| yadi usameM rUpAdi kA abhAva mAna liyA jAegA to usameM pudgala kA sAmAnyalakSaNa hI ghaTita nahIM hogA tathA aneka paramANuoM ke saMyoga hone para bhI skandha meM kabhI bhI rUpAdi kI pratIti nahIM hogI kyoMki sarvathA asat se sat kabhI bhI utpanna nahIM hotA hai / paramANa ke atisUkSma hone ke kAraNa hameM usake rUpAdi kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| pudgala paramANu AkAza ke eka pradeza (atisUkSma sthAna) meM aura pudgala skandha AkAza ke bahuta pradeza (adhika sthAna) meM ThaharatA hai| isa taraha sAmAnyataura se pudgala-skandha adhika-sthAna (bahupradeza) ko gheratA hai parantu kucha skandha aise bhI haiM jo apane guNavizeSa ke kAraNa ekapradeza meM bhI Thahara jAte haiN| isI prakAra vyakti kI apekSA se paramANu ke ekapradezI hone para bhI zakti kI apekSA se usameM bhI bahupradezIpanA mAnA gayA hai| ata: pudagala-dravya kI sthiti eka se adhika pradeza meM hone ke kAraNa ise jainadarzana meM 'astikAya' kahate haiM / 2 astikAya kA artha hai-jo bahuta pradeza meM tthhre| dhArA-pravAha kI apekSA se ye skandha aura paramANu 1. egatteNa puhutteNa khaMdhA ya paramANu ya / / loegadese loe ya bhaiyavvA. te u khettao / / -u0 36.11. aNavazca mahAntazca vyaktizaktirUpAbhyAmiti paramANanAmekapradezAsmakatve'pi ttsiddhiH| -paMcAstikAya-tattvadIpikA TIkA, pR0 13. 2. jIvA puggalakAyA dhammAdhammA taheva AyAsaM / atthitamhi ya NiyadA aNaNNamaiyA aNumahaMtA // -paMcAstikAya, gAthA 4. te ceva asthikAyA""" -paMcAstikAya, gAthA 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [73 anAdi-kAla se vartamAna haiM aura anantakAla taka rheNge| inakA kabhI abhAva na thA, na hai aura na hogaa| parantu amUka sthiti vizeSa kI apekSA se skandha aura paramANa kA prArambhakAla aura antakAla donoM saMbhava haiN| arthAt sthiti-vizeSa kI apekSA se skandha aura paramANa meM utpatti aura vinAza donoM hote haiN| isa utpatti aura vinAza kI eka sImA hai| jaise- yadi koI paramANu yA skandha kisI eka nizcita sthAna para Thaharate haiM to ve adhika se adhika (utkRSTa) asaMkhyAtakAla (saMkhyAtItavarSa) taka aura kama se kama (jaghanya) eka kSaNa (samaya) taka vahA~ rheNge| isa utkRSTa avadhi ke bAda ve kisI na kisI nimitta ko pAkara kSetrAntara meM avazya cale jaaeNge| yadi koI paramANa yA skandha kisI vivakSita sthAna se sthAnAntara meM calA jAtA hai to use punaH usI sthAna para Ane meM kama-sekama eka kSaNa aura adhika se adhika anantakAla laga sakatA hai| madhyama-sImA kA kAla kama se kama (jaghanya) aura adhika se adhika ( utkRSTa) sImA ke bIca koI bhI ho sakatA hai| isa taraha rUpAdi guNa se yukta jo bhI vastu dRSTigocara hotI hai vaha saba pudagala-dravya hai| bauddhadarzana meM bhI pudgala zabda kA prayoga milatA hai parantu vahA~ para isakA prayoga zarIradhArI-prANiyoM ke lie kiyA gayA hai / 2 1. etto kAlavibhAgaM tu tesi vucchaM caunvihaM / / saMtaI pappa te'NAI apajjavasiyA vi ya / ThiI paDucca sAIyA sapajjavasiyA vi ya / / asaMkhakAlamukkosaM ikkaM samayaM jahannayaM / ajIvANa ya rUvINaM ThiI esA viyAhiyA / aNaMtakAlamukkosaM ikkaM samayaM jahannayaM / ajIvANa ya rUvINaM aMtareyaM viyAhiyaM // -u0 36. 11-14. 2. pAli-aMgrejI zabdakoSa, pavarga, pR0 85. For Personal & Private Use Only

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74 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana (kha) arUpI acetana-dravya (dharma-adharma-AkAza-kAla) : . rUpAdi se rahita acetana-dravya mukhyataH cAra prakAra kA hai aura avAntara bhedoM ke sAtha 10 prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai| isake avAntara bheda kAlpanika haiM / isake pramukha cAra bhedoM ke nAma ye haiMdharmadravya, adharmadravya, AkAzadravya aura kAladravya / dharmadravya, adharmadravya aura AkAzadravya ke bahupradezI hone ke kAraNa inheM pudgala kI taraha skandha, deza aura pradeza ke bheda se tIna-tIna prakAra kA bataMlAyA gayA hai| inake eka akhaNDarUpa dravya hone ke kAraNa inakA paramANurUpa cauthA bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kAladravya ke paramANurUpa hI hone ke kAraNa usakA koI anya avAntara bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai kyoMki bahapradezI dravya meM hI skandha, deza aura pradeza ye avAntara bheda bana sakate haiM / dharmAdi dravyoM ke paramANarUpa na hone aura bahupradezI (astikAya) hone se grantha meM dharmAdi dravyoM ko saMkhyA kI apekSA eka-eka akhaNDa-dravya batalAyA hai| kAla-dravya ke paramANurUpa hone tathA ekapradezI (anastikAya) hone se use aneka saMkhyAvAlA batalAyA hai| isIlie tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bhI kAladravya ko chor3akara zeSa dharmAdi tIna acetana dravyoM ko bahupradezI (astikAya) tathA niSkriya kahA hai| ye cAroM hI dravya arUpI hone se bhAvAtmaka tathA zaktirUpa haiN| inheM hama apanI A~khoM se dekha nahIM sakate haiN| inake kAryoM se inakI 1. dhammo adhammo AgAsaM davvaM ikkikkamAhiyaM / aNaMtANi ya davvANi kAlo puggalajaMtavo / / / - u0 28. 8. 2. ajIvakAyA dharmAdharmAkAza pudgalAH / -ta0 sU0 5.1. A AkAzAdeka dravyANi / niSkriyANi ca / -ta0 sU. 5. 6-7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [75 sattA kI kevala kalpanA kara sakate haiN| ina cAroM dravyoM kA na to kabhI vinAza hotA hai aura na utpatti / ataH inheM santati-pravAha kI apekSA anAdi-ananta svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| apekSA-vizeSa kI dRSTi se inameM sAdi-sAntatA (utpatti-vinAza . bhI hai|' yadyapi grantha meM sirpha kAla-dravya ke viSaya meM sAdi-pAntatA kA kathana hai parantu upAdhi kI apekSA dharmAdi dravyoM meM bhI sAdisAntatA abhISTa hai|2 dharma aura adharma dravya kA sthiti-kSetra loka kI sImA-pramANa (asaMkhyAta-pradezI) mAnA hai| AkAzadravya ke loka aura aloka meM vartamAna hone se use lokAlokapramANa (ananta pradezI) mAnA hai| manuSya-loka meM hI ghar3I, ghaMTA Adi rUpa se kAla kI gaNanA kI jAne ke kAraNa kAla-dravya ko DhAI-dvIpapramANa (samayakSetrika) kahA hai| anyathA anya dravyoM kI taraha yaha bhI loka-pramANa hI hai| kyoMki aisA na mAnane para DhAI-dvIpa ke bAhara kAladra vyakRta parivartana kaise saMbhava ho sakegA? ataH anyatra jaina-granthoM meM kAla-dravya ko bhI loka 1. dhammAdhammAgAsA tinni vi ee aNAiyA / apajjavasithA ceva savvaddhaM tu viyAhiyA / / samae vi saMtaI pappa evameva viyAhie / AesaM pappa saIe sapajjavasie vi ya / -u0 36.8-6. 2. vhii| 3. dhammAdhamme ya do ceva logamittA viyaahie| logAloge ya AgAse samae samayakhettie / -u0 36.7. smyaavlikaapkssmaasvynsnyjitaaH| nRloka eva kAlasya vRttinyitra kutracit / / -uddhRta u0 ghA0 TI0, bhAga-5, pR0 664. tathA dekhie-pR0 57, pA0 Ti0 5. 4. dekhie-pR0 55, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana pramANa mAnA hai|' ina dharmAdi arUpI acetana dravyoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai : 1. dharmadravya-yahA~ para dharmadravya se tAtparya pUNya se nahIM hai apitu gati meM sahAyatA dene vAle dravya-vizeSa se hai| ataH grantha meM gati ko dharma kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai / 2 dharmadravya gatimAn cetana aura pudgala kA mAtra gati meM sahAyaka kAraNa hai, preraka kAraNa nahIM hai| vAstava meM gati cetana aura pudgala meM hI hai| ise hama rela kI paTarI kI taraha gati kA mAdhyama kaha sakate haiN| yaha lokAkAza-pramANa eka akhaNDa-dravya hone se svataH niSkriya hai| loka kI sImA ke bAhara cetana aura pudagala kA gamana na ho sake ataH ise loka kI sImA-pramANa mAnA gayA hai| aloka meM isa prakAra ke gati ke mAdhyama kA abhAva hone se vahA~ jIvAdi kI gati kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| 2. adharmadravya-dharmadravya kI taraha yaha bhI pAparUpa adharma artha kA vAcaka nahIM hai apitu isake dvArA cetana aura,pudgala jo kriyAzIla dravya haiM unake Thaharane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| ataH sthiti ko adharma kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| arthAta ThaharanevAle dravyoM (jIva-pudgala) ke Thaharane meM sahAyatA karanA isakA kArya hai| isa taraha yaha dharmadravya se ThIka viparIta dravya hai| dharmadravya gamana meM sahAyaka hai to adharmadravya Thaharane meM sahAyaka hai| zeSa sabhI lakSaNa dharmadravya kI taraha haiN| dharmadravya aura adharmadravya ke mAnane kA mUla kAraNa hai sRSTi ke niyantA Izvara ko na mAnanA tathA vastu-vyavasthA ke sAtha lokA 1. bhA0 saM0 je0, pR0 222. 2. gai lakkhaNo u dhmmo| -u0 28.6. 3. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 83, 85; ke0 ja0, pR0 63. 4. ahammo tthaannlkkhnno| -u0 28.6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1: dravya-vicAra -[77 loka kA vibhAjana suniyojita banAe rkhnaa| preraka kAraNa na mAnakara sahAyaka kAraNa mAtra mAnane kA kAraNa hai pUrNa vyaktisvAtantraya ko kAyama rakhanA tathA dravyoM meM paraspara saMgharSa na honaa| vizva meM jo halanacalanarUpa kriyA dekhate haiM una saba meM dharmadravya kArya karatA hai aura jo halana-calana kI kriyA se rahita haiM una sabameM adharmadravya kArya karatA hai| donoM ke acetana evaM svataH niSkriya hone ke sAtha gati-sthiti meM sahAyaka kAraNa mAtra hone se Apasa meM jhagar3e kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotA hai| jhagar3A sakriya-dravya meM hI saMbhava hai, niSkriya meM nhiiN| yahA~ eka bAta aura vicAraNIya hai ki gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka ina do dravyoM ke kramazaH nAma dharma aura adharma kyoM rakhe gae jabaki dharma aura adharma zabda kA prayoga sarvatra kramazaH puNyarUpa aura pAparUpa kAryoM ke artha meM pracalita thaa| isake atirikta prakRta grantha meM bhI dharma aura adharma zabda kA prayoga kramaza: acche aura kharAba kAryoM ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| ataH mAlUma par3atA hai isake mUla meM dhArmika bhAvanA kArya karatI hai| vaha yaha ki adharma (bure kArya) karanevAlA saMsAra meM par3A rahatA hai aura dharma (zubha kArya) karanevAlA svarga yA mukti ke lie Upara gamana karatA hai| isIlie dharmako gati kA aura adharma ko (saMsAra meM sthita rahane se) sthiti kA sahAyaka kAraNa mAnakara unake nAma kramaza : gati aura sthiti na rakhakara dharma aura adharma nAma rakhe gae haiN| 3 AkAzadravya - dravyoM ke Thaharane ke lie sthAna (avakAza) denA AkAza kA kArya hai| yaha sabhI dravyoM kA AdhArabhUta bhAjana (pAtra-vizeSa) hai / 2 cetana aura acetana dravyoM ke Thaharane ke lie kisI AdhAra vizeSa kI kalpanA Avazyaka thI kyoMki vinA AdhAra ke ye dravya kahA~ Thaharate ? isake lie jisa dravya kI kalpanA kI gaI usakA nAma hai-AkAza / AkAza koI Thosa dravya nahIM hai apitu khAlI sthAna hI AkAza hai| jahA~ hama uThate ... 1. u0 20. 38; 7.14-21. 2. bhAyaNaM savvadavvANaM nahaM ogAhalaka khaNaM / / -u0 28.6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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78] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra: eka parizIlana haiM, baiThate haiM, calate haiM, sote haiM, sarvatra AkAza hai / aloka meM bhI aisA koI pradeza nahIM hai jahA~ AkAza na ho| aise dravya kI sattA svIkAra kara lene se dravya anAdhAra nahIM rahate haiM anyathA AdhAra ke vinA Adheya kahA~ raheMge ? sarvazaktisampanna Izvara-dravya ko svIkAra kara lene para aise dravya kI kalpanA nirarthaka thii| yadyapi bauddha, vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura vedAnta darzanoM meM bhI AkAza-dravya mAnA gayA hai parantu prakRta grantha meM svIkRta AkAza-dravya se vahAM bhinnatA hai| bauddhadarzana meM AkAza kA svarUpa AvaraNAbhAva mAnA hai. tathA use asaMskRta-dharmoM (jinameM utpAda-vinAza nahIM hotA) meM ginAyA hai| parantu uttarAdhyayana meM AkAza ko abhAvAtmaka svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta AkAza ko asaMskRtadharma bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM kyoMki usa meM utpAda-vinAza aura sthiratArUpa dravya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa pAyA jAtA hai| dravya ke isa svarUpa kA Age vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| vaizeSikadarzana meM AkAza ko yadyapi eka svatantra dravya mAnA gayA hai parantu vahA~ zabda-guNa ke janaka ko AkAza kahA gayA hai| isake atirikta 'dizA' ko AkAza se pRthaka mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM 'dizA' ko AkAza se pRthak nahIM mAnA gayA hai kyoMki AkAza ke pradezoM meM hI dizA kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| isake atirikta AkAza zabda-guNa kA janaka nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki zabda mUrtika pudgala vizeSa hai aura AkAza amUrtika dravya hai| amUrtika dravya mUrtika kA janaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? isI prakAra prakRti (acetana ) kA vikAra yA brahma kA vivarta bhI AkAza nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki AkAza eka svatantra dravya hai| 1. bau0 da0, pR0 236. 2. tatra dravyANi pRthivyaptejovAyvAkAzakAladigAtmamanAMsi navaiva / ...." zabdaguNakamAkAzam / taccaikaM vibhunityaM ca / prAcyAdivyavahAraheturdik / . -tarka saM0, pR0 2,6. 2. AkAza ko vedAntadarzana meM brahma kA vivarta tathA sAMkhyadarzana meM prakRti kA vikAra mAnA gayA hai| -dekhie-vedAntasAra, pR0 32; sAM0 kA0, zloka 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [76 yadyapi dharmadravya kI taraha AkAza ke bhI skandha, deza aura pradeza ye tIna bheda kie gae haiM parantu prakRta-grantha meM anya prakAra se bhI do bheda milate haiN| unake nAma haiM-lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / ' lokAkAza se tAtparya hai-AkAza ke jitane bhAga meM dharmAdi dravyoM kI sattA hai, vaha pradeza / alokAkAza se tAtparya haijahA~ dharmAdi dravyoM kI sattA nahIM hai (aloka)-mAtra AkAza hI AkAza hai, vaha pradeza / isa taraha AkAza kA yaha dvividha vibhAjana loka kI sImA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| AkAza ke uparyukta sabhI bheda kAlpanika yA upAdhijanya haiM kyoMki isa prakAra se AkAza ke ghaTAkAza, maThAkAza Adi aneka bheda ho sakate haiN| vAstava meM AkAza bhI dharmAdi-dravya kI taraha eka akhaNDa astikAya-drabya hai jise pudagala kI taraha tor3akara do bhAgoM meM vibhakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| aloka meM dharmAdi dravyoM kA abhAva hone se alokAkAza meM Azraya pradAnarUpa AkAza ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kA abhAva hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki AkAza aloka meM bhI Azraya dene ko taiyAra hai| yadi koI dravya kisI kAraNavaza vahA~ Azraya prApta karane ke lie nahIM jAtA hai to isameM AkAza kA kyA doSa hai ? vAstava meM dharma aura adharma dravya ke pratibandhaka hone se hI alokAkAza meM anya dravyoM kI sattA nahIM hai| sImArahita hone ke kAraNa AkAza ko anaMta mAnA gayA hai| Adhunika darzanazAstra meM dharma, adharma aura AkAza ina tInoM dravyoM kI zaktiyA~ AkAza meM hI mAnI jAtI haiN| 1. dekhie-pR0 55, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 75, pA0 Ti0 3. 2. dekhie-pR074, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 55 pA0 Ti. 1. 3. icchA hu AgAsasamA annntiyaa| -u0 6.48. tathA dekhie-pR0 55, pA0 Ti0 1. 4. These three functions of subsistence, motion and rest are assigned to space in modern philosophy. -bhA0 da0 rA0, pR0 316. For Personal & Private Use Only

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80] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana ___ 4. kAladravya-dravyoM meM honevAle parivartana se jo samaya kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai use 'vartanA' kahate haiM aura vartanA (vastumAtra ke parivartana meM kAraNa honA) kAla kA lakSaNa hai|' saba dravyoM ke parivartana (pariNamana) meM kAraNa kAladravya hI hai| jaina sAhitya meM kAla ke do bheda kie gae haiM-1. nizcayakAla aura 2. vyavahArakAla / 2 grantha meM kAla ko jo DhAI-dvIpapramANa (samayakSetrika) kahA gayA hai vaha vyavahArakAla kI dRSTi se kahA gayA hai kyoMki parivartana to saba kSetroM meM pratisamaya hotA rahatA hai aura usakI (nizcayakAla kI) dravyAtmaka sattA samasta loka meM vyApta hai| grantha meM vyavahArakAla kI hI dRSTi se kAla ko 'addhAsamaya'3 bhI kahA gayA hai| kAla ke jitane bhI bheda saMbhava haiM ve saba vyavahAra kI dRSTi se hI saMbhava haiM kyoMki kAlake paramANurUpa hone se grantha meM anaMta saMkhyAvAle kAla kA eka hI bheda ginAyA hai| bauddha aura vaizeSika-darzana meM bhI kAla kA vyavahAra hotA hai| bauddhadarzana meM kAla svabhAvasiddha dravya nahIM hai| vaha mAtra vyAvahArika kAla hai|5 vaizeSikadarzana meM kAla , vyApaka aura eka 1. vattaNA lakkhaNo kaalo|| -u0 28.10. 2. bhA0 saM0 je0, pR0 222; ta0 sU0 5.36-40 (sarvArthasiddhi ttiikaa)| 3. yaha dezaja zabda hai / isakA artha hai-sUrya Adi kI kriyA (paribhramaNa) se abhivyakta honevAlA samaya / -pAiasaddamahaNNavo, pR0 52. kAla zabdo hi varNapramANakAlAdiSvapi vartate, tato'ddhAzabdena viziSyata iti, ayaM ca sUryakriyAviziSTo manuSyakSetrAntarvartI samayAdirUpo'vaseyaH / - sthAnAGga-sUtra (4.1.264) vRtti, patra 160 (udhRta-uttarajjhayaNANi bhAga 2, A0 tulasI, pR0 315, pA0 Ti0 1. tathA dekhie-pR0 75 pA0 Ti0 3. 4. dekhie-pR0 64, pA0 Ti0 1. 5. so panesa sabhAvato avijjamAnattA pattimattako evA ti veditavyo / -aTThazAlinI 1.3.16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [81 hai| parantu uttarAdhyayana meM kAla aNurUpa aura aneka saMkhyAvAlA hai| kucha zvetAmbara jaina-AcArya kAla kI svatantra sattA svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ___ isa taraha ina pA~coM prakAra ke rUpI aura arUpI acetana-dravyoM meM pudgala-dravya ko chor3akara zeSa cAra dravya bhAvAtmaka, niSkriya aura arUpI haiM / pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai jise hama dekha sakate haiM, aura sparza Adi bhI kara sakate haiN| isakA jIva ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha hai aura jIvoM ke vibhAjana Adi kA AdhAra bhI yahI hai / cetanadravya-jIva : ___ acetana-dravya ke atirikta jisa dravya kI sattA hai usakA nAma hai-jIva / jIva se tAtparya hai jisameM dekhane evaM jAnane kI zakti ho aisA cetanAtmaka dravya / caitanya ke hone para hI hone vAle pariNAma ko yA caitanya ko hI upayoga kahate haiN| ataH grantha meM jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga (cetanA) batalAyA hai| jainadarzana meM yaha upayoga mukhya rUpa se do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai : darzanopayoga (nirAkArajJAna-svasaMvedanAtmaka) aura jJAnopayoga (saakaarjnyaan-prsNvednaatmk)|' darzana zabda kA artha hai-kisI vastu kA sAmAnya avalokana krnaa| jJAna zabda kA artha hai* kisI vastu ke bAre meM vizeSa jAnakArI prApta krnaa| ataH jJAna ke pahale darzana avazya hotA hai| yahA~ para darzanopayoga se tAtparya hai sva kA nirAkAra saMvedana honA aura jJAnopayoga se tAtparya hai sva aura para kA sAkAra bodha honaa| jisameM jJAna-darzanarUpa cetanA 1. atItAdivyavahArahetuH kAlaH / sa caiko vibhunityazca / -tarka saM0, pR0 6. 2. janadarzana-mahendrakumAra, pR. 163. 3. jIvo uvoglkkhnno| -u0 28.10. 4. upayogo lakSaNam / sa dvividho'STacaturbhedaH / -ta0 sU0 2.8-6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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82] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana (upayoga) nahIM hai vaha acetana hai aura jisameM caitanya kA kucha bhI aMza maujUda hai vaha cetana yA jIva hai / jIva hI AtmA hai.| .. Upara jo jIva kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai vaha acetana se pRthaka karane vAlA svarUpa-lakSaNa hai| jIva ke isI svarUpa kA samarthana karate hue grantha meM anya prakAra se bhI likhA hai ki jJAna, darzana, sukha, duHkha, cAritra, tapasyA (tapa), vIrya aura upayoga-ye saba jIva ke lakSaNa haiN|' isa lakSaNa meM jIva ke jina asAdhAraNa dharmoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai ve sirpha jIva meM hI saMbhava haiM / yadyapi vIrya (sAmatharya) acetana meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai parantu acetanasambandhI vIrya upayogazUnya hone se yahA~ abhISTa nahIM hai| kyoMki jJAna-darzana Adi asAdhAraNa dharmoM kA sambandha antataH upayoga se hI hai| upayoga ke hone para hI jJAna, darzana Adi dekhe jAte haiN| ata: jIva ke prathama lakSaNa meM sirpha upayoga ko hI jIva kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI upayoga ko jIva kA lakSaNa batalAkara use jJAna aura darzana ke bheda se do prakAra kA batalAyA hai / 2 ataH upayoga yA cetanA hI jIva kA pramukha lakSaNa hai| zarIra se pRthaka jIva ke astitva ke viSaya meM eka sabase jabardasta zaMkA hai ki yadi usakA astitva hai to dikhalAI kyoM nahIM par3atA ? uttarAdhyayana meM jaba bhragupurohita apane putroM ko dhana, strI Adi ke pralobhana dvArA AkRSTa nahIM kara pAtA hai to vaha dharma ke AdhArabhUta AtmA ke astitva meM isI prakAra kI zaMkA karatA huA kahatA hai ki jaise avidyamAna bhI agni araNimanthana (do lakar3iyoM kI ragar3a se) se, ghRta dUdha se, tiloM se tela utpanna ho jAte haiM vaise hI cetana jIva kI cAra bhautikadravyoM (pRthivI, apa, teja aura vAyu) se utpatti ho jAtI hai aura unake alaga ho jAne 1. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo thaa|" vIriyaM uvaogo ya evaM jIvassa lakkhaNaM / / -u0 28.11. 2. dekhie-pR0 81, pA0 Ti0 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [83 para cetana (jIva) bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta koI anya cetanAtmaka svatantra jIva-dravya nahIM hai|' isake uttara meM bhragupurohita ke donoM putra kahate haiM ki AtmA (jIva) caMki rUparahita (amRta) hai ataH usakA indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo amUrta hai vaha nitya bhI hai| isa taraha yahA~ batalAyA gayA hai ki AtmA ke amUrta hone se usakA pratyakSajJAna nahIM hotA hai| jaba mUrta hokara bhI vAyU hameM dikhalAI nahIM par3atI to phira jo amUrta jIva hai usakA pratyakSa jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? jIva ke astitva kA jJAna usake kAryoM dvArA hI (anumAnapramANa se) kiyA jA sakatA hai| grantha meM aise cAra mukhya kArya ginAe haiM jinase jIva ke astitva kA jJAna hotA hai| ve ye haiM : 3 1. maiM jJAnavAn hU~, 2. maiM apane Apa ko jAnatA hU~, 3 maiM sukhI hU~, 4. maiM duHkhI haiN| isa prakAra se tathA isI prakAra ke anya anubhavoM se pratIta hotA hai ki zarIra se atirikta koI cetana dravya hai / bhragupurohita ne araNimanthana Adi se jo avidyamAna agni Adi kI utpatti batalAI hai vaha bhI anubhava se viparIta 1. jahA ya aggI araNI asanto khIre ghayaM tella mahAtileSu / emeva jAyA sarIraMsi sattA saMmucchaI nAsai nAvaciThe / / .-u0 14.18. 2 no indiyaggejjha amutta bhAvA amuttabhAvA vi ya hoi nicco / -u0 14.16. 3. nANeNaM daMsaNeNaM ca suheNa ya duheNa ya / -u0 28.10. 4. hama anubhava karate haiM 'merA zarIra', 'merA hAtha' Adi / isa prakAra ke bhedAtmaka anubhava se jJAta hotA hai ki zarIra aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna haiN| yadi zarIra aura AtmA abhinna hote to 'merA zarIra' aisA anubhava nahIM ho sktaa| agara kahA jAe ki 'merI AtmA' aisA bhI to anubhava hotA hai| to hama kaheMge ki isase AtmA svataH siddha ho jAtI hai| kyoMki yahA~ 'merI' zabda kA prayoga zarIra ke lie huA hai| isa taraha AtmA zarIra se bhinna hI siddha huaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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84] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana hai| yadi araNi meM agni, dUdha meM ghI, aura tila meM taila pahale se vidyamAna na ho to ve unase utpanna hI nahIM ho sakate haiN| yadi isa taraha asata se bhI sata paidA hone lage to phira taila Adi ke lie tiloM ko hI kyoM khojA jAtA hai ? bAlU Adi ke dvArA kyoM nahIM tela Adi nikAlA jAtA hai ? __isake atirikta yadi zarIra se cetana-dravya pRthaka nahIM hai to phira kyA kAraNa hai ki mRta-puruSa ko zarIra ke vartamAna rahane para bhI sukha-du:kha Adi kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai ? vizeSAvazyake-bhASya meM batalAyA gayA hai ki mRta-zarIra meM yadi vAyu kA abhAva ho jAtA hai to pampa Adi ke dvArA havA bharane para use jIvita ho jAnA caahie| yadi usameM teja kA abhAva ho jAtA hai to vAyu kI taraha teja kA praveza karAne para use jIvita ho jAnA caahie| yadi usameM viziSTa-prakAra ke teja kA abhAva hai to vaha viziSTa-teja kyA hai ? AtmA se atirikta vaha teja kucha bhI nahIM hai|' kiJca, jisakA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai usakI sattA avazya rahatI hai| isIlie uttarAdhyayana meM bhI zarIra ko jIvatva ke abhAva meM tuccha kahA hai| isI prakAra ke anya aneka tarkoM dvArA prAyaH sabhI AtmavAdI bhAratIya darzana jIva yA AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi karate haiN| 1. syAd-ajJAtopAlambho'yaM, tasyA bhUtasamudAyopalabdhisiddheH, na mRta zarIre vyabhicArAt, tatra vAyvAbhAve na vyabhicAra iti cet, na, nalikAprayogaprakSepe'pyanupalabdheH, tejo nAstIti cet, na, tasyApi tathaiva kSepe'nupalabdhaH, viziSTaM tejo nAstIti cet AtmabhAva ityArabhyatAM tahi bhUmyAliGganam / " -vizeSAvazyakabhASyaTIkA-tRtIyagaNadhara, pR0 517. 2. yaniSidhyate tat sAmAnyena vidyate eva / -SaDdarzanasamuccaya-guNaratna, pR0 48-46 pAzcAtyadarzana meM Adhanika-yuga ke saMsthApaka dekArta bhI isI taraha AtmA kI siddhi karate haiN| -dekhie-pAzcAtyadarzana, pR0 86-88. 3. taM ekkagaM tucchazarIragaM se| -u0 13.25. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #111
prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [85 uttarAdhyayana meM jIva ke sAmAnya cetana guNa ke atirikta kucha anya bhI guNa batalAe haiM jo ajIva se vyAvartaka to nahIM haiM parantu jIva ke svarUpAdhAyaka avazya haiM / jaise : 1. jIva amUrta hai-saMsArAvasthA meM jIva zarIra ke sambandha se yadyapi mUrtika kI taraha hai parantu vAstava meM rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi se rahita hone ke kAraNa use amUrta svabhAvavAlA mAnA hai| amUrtasvabhAva hone ke kAraNa hI vaha hamArI indriyoM ke dvArA pratyakSa nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| 2. jIva avinazvara hai 2-jo amUrta hai usakA zastrAdi ke dvArA vinAza saMbhava na hone se vaha ajara-amara bhI hai| gItA meM bhI ise ajara-amara kahA gayA hai|3 grantha meM isIlie nazvara saMsAra meM joba ko sAravAn vastu mAnA hai| anAdi kAla se zarIra ke sAtha sambandha hone ke kAraNa jIva eka zarIra ke nAza hone para dUsare zarIra ko prApta karatA hai| ataH zarIra-sambandha ke kAraNa jIva anitya bhI hai| . 3. jIva svadehaparimANavAlA hai5 -AtmA svataH amUrta hai parantu zarIra ke sambandha se mUrtika-sA ho rahA hai| ataH jIva meM 1. dekhie-pR0 83, pA0 Ti0 2 tathA pravacanasAra 2.80. 2. vhii| natthijIvassa nAsu tti / -u0 2.27. 3. nAyaM hanti na hanyate ..." na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre / -gItA 2.16-20. 4. jahA gehe palittammi tassa gehassa jo pi| ___sArabhAMDANi nINei asAraM ava ujjhai / / evaM loe palittammi jarAe maraNeNa ya / appANaM tAraissAmi tubbhehiM annmnnio| - u0 16. 23-24. 5. usse ho jassa jo hoI bhavammi carimammi u| tibhAgahINo tatto ya siddhANogAhaNA bhave / / -u0 36.64. For Personal & Private Use Only

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86] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana svataH koI AkAra-prakAra Adi ke na hone se zarIra ke sambandha ke kAraNa use svadeha-parimANavAlA mAnA hai| jIva ke svadehaparimANavAlA hone se vaha na to vyApaka hai aura na aNurUpa hI hai| apitu choTe yA bar3e zarIra meM jitanA sthAna pAtA hai utane meM hI vistAra yA saMkoca ko prApta karake raha jAtA hai| yadi use svadeha-parimANa na mAnakara vyApaka mAnA jAtA to use zarIra ke bAhara bhI saMvedana honA cAhie thaa| yadi aNurUpa mAnA jAtA to pUre zarIra meM saMvedana nahIM honA cAhie thaa| hameM zarIra-pradezamAtra meM hI saMvedana hotA hai, na to zarIra ke eka-pradeza meM aura na zarIra ke baahr| isIlie AtmA ko zarIra-parimANa vAlA mAnA hai| yahAM eka prazna hai ki mukta-jIvoM ke zarIrarUpI bandhana na hone se unheM samasta-loka meM vyApta ho jAnA caahie| yahA~ mAlUma par3atA hai ki mukta-jIvoM ke vyApaka mAnane para zarIra-pramANa vAle siddhAnta se virodha hotA hai / ataH unheM bhI vyApaka na mAnakara pUrvajanma ke zarIra-pramANa kI apekSA 3 bhAga nyUna kSetrapramANa mAnA hai|' pUrvajanma ke zarIra kI apekSA 3 bhAga nyUna mAnane kA kAraNa hai ki zarIra meM kucha chidra bhAga rahate haiM aura mukta-jIvoM ke zarIra na hone se unake Atma-pradeza saghana ho jAte haiN| ataH pUrva janma ke zarIra kI apekSA bhAga nyUna kSetra mAnA hai| bandhana kA abhAva hone se tathA usameM saMkoca-vikAsa svabhAva hone se mukta-jIva ko yA to aNurUpa yA vyApaka ho jAnA cAhie thaa| usakA abhAva mAnA nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki sata kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA hai| 4. jIva kartA-bhoktA tathA pUrNa svatantra hai-svayaM ke utthAna aura patana meM jIva ko pUrNa svatantra, kartA evaM bhoktA mAnA hai| 1. vhii| 2. appA naI veyaraNI appA me kuuddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhA gheNU appA me nandaNaM vaNaM // appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamittaM ca duppaTThiya supaTThio / / -u0 20. 36-37. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #113
"prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [87 ataH grantha meM kahA hai-AtmA apanA kartA, vikartA (utthAna aura patana kA), acchA mitra, kharAba zatru, vaitaraNI nadI ( eka nArakI nadI jo duHkhakara hai), kaTazAlmali vRkSa (duHkha dene vAlA per3a), kAmadudhA dhenu tathA nandana vana (ye donoM sukhakara haiM) hai|' isakA tAtparya hai ki AtmA jaisA cAhe vaisA karma karake apane ko acche yA khoTe mArga para le jA sakatA hai| yadi acchA kAma karatA hai to apanA sabase bar3A mitra hai, kAmadhenu hai tathA nandanavana hai| yadi bure kArya karatA hai to apanA sabase bar3A zatru hai, vaitaraNInadI hai tathA kUTa zAlmali vRkSa hai| isameM Izvara-kartaka koI hastakSepa nahIM hai| jIva jaisA karatA hai vaisA hI bhogatA hai| acche karma karatA hai to sukhI hotA hai aura bure karma karatA hai to duHkhI hotA hai| ____5. jIva Urdhvagamana-svabhAvavAlA hai 2- mukta-jIvoM kA nivAsa loka ke UrdhvabhAga meM mAnA gayA hai| ataH jIva kA svabhAva bhI Urdhvagamana vAlA honA cAhie joki bandhana ke kAraNa nIce (saMsAra meM) par3A huA hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAtA to mukta-jIvoM ko vahIM rahanA par3atA jahAM zarIra kA tyAga karate haiN| __isa taraha grantha meM jIva ko jJAna-darzana svabhAvarUpa cetanaguNa ke atirikta amUrta, nitya, svadeha-parimANa, kartA, bhoktA, svatantra, UrdhvagamanasvabhAva tathA nazvara saMsAra meM sArabhUta dravya mAnA hai| jIva kA aisA hI svarUpa anya jaina granthoM meM bhI milatA hai| 1. vhii| 2. aloe paDihayA siddhA loyagge ya paiTThiyA / __ihaM bodi caittANaM tattha gaMtUNa sijjhaI / / -u0 36. 56. tadanantaramUrdhva gacchatyAlokAntAt |"tthaagtiprinnaamaacc / -ta0 sU0 10.5-6. 3. jIvo uvaogamao amuttikattA sadeha parimANo / bhottA saMsArattho mutto so vissasoDDhagaI / / -dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 2. tathA dekhie-bhagavatIsUtra 2.10; 13.4; sthAnAGga 5.3.530; navapadArtha, pR0 26. For Personal & Private Use Only

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88] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana jIvoM ke bheda-jIvoM kI saMkhyA grantha meM kAladravya kI taraha ananta batalAI gaI hai|' havA, pAnI, pRthivI, agni, paudhA, kuttA, billI, pazu, strI, puruSa Adi meM sarvatra jIvoM kI sattA mAnI gaI hai| ina sabhI jIvoM ko sarvaprathama mukta aura baddha kI daSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| inheM hI kramazaH 'siddha' aura 'saMsArI' ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| inheM kramazaH 'azarIrI' aura 'sazarIrI' bhI kaha sakate haiM kyoMki sabhI mukta-jIva zarIrarahita hote haiM aura sabhI saMsArI-jIva zarIra-sahita / aisA koI bhI samaya yA sthAna nahIM hai jaba saMsArI-jIva zarIra-rahita rahatA ho| mRtyu ke uparAnta (eka zarIra chor3akara dUsare zarIra meM jAte samaya) bhI vaha eka vizeSa-prakAra ke zarIra ( kArmaNa-zarIra ) se yukta rahatA hai| ina siddha aura saMsArI jIvoM ke svarUpAdi adholikhita haiM : 1. siddha-jIva-jo bandhana se rahita svasvarUpa meM sthita haiM unheM siddha-jIva kahate haiN| ye bandhana kA abhAva hone se 'mukta', zarIra se rahita hone ke kAraNa 'azarIrI', aura pUrNa-jJAna se yukta hone ke kAraNa 'buddha' kahalAte haiN| inakA nivAsa loka ke UrdhvabhAga ( lokAnta ) meM batalAyA gayA hai| inakA AkAra pUrva-janma ke zarIra kI apekSA bhAga nyUna hotA hai| ye anaMta-darzana aura ananta-jJAna ke sAtha ananta-sukha se bhI yukta hote haiN| inake sukhoM ke samakSa hamAre sukha tuccha ( nagaNya ) haiN| inakA saMsAra meM pUnaH Agamana nahIM hotA hai| AtmA kA jo zuddha svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai ve usI svarUpa meM sarvadA rahate haiN| yadyapi siddha jIvoM ke jJAna, darzana, sUkha Adi meM koI bheda nahIM hai kyoMki sabhI sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, ananta sukhoM se yukta tathA 1. dekhie-pR0 74, pA0 Ti0 1. 2. saMsAratthA ya siddhA ya duvihA jIvA viyaahiyaa| u0 36.48,2460 saMsAriNo muktAzca / -ta0 sU0 2.10. 3. u0 10.35; 36.48-67; vizeSa ke lie dekhie-prakaraNa 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [86 sakala bandhanoM se rahita haiM parantu pUrvajanma kI upAdhi kI apekSA se unake bhI kaI bheda ho sakate haiM / 2. saMsArI-jIva-jo kie hue karmoM kA phala bhogane meM paratantra haiM, tathA zarIra se yukta haiM ve saba saMsArI-jIva haiN| inheM 'baddha' yA 'sazarIrI' jIva bhI kaha sakate haiN| ye yadyapi karma karane meM svatantra haiM parantu usakA phala bhogane meM paratantra haiN| inheM karma-phala bhogane ke lie zarIra kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai / saMsAra kA artha hai - AvAgamana / arthAt jahA~ para karma-phala bhogane ke lie eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra ko grahaNa karanA par3e yA janma-maraNa ke cakra meM calanA par3e use saMsAra kahate haiN| ataH saMsArI se tAtparya loka meM nivAsa karanA nahIM hai kyoMki aisA mAnane para siddha jIva bhI loka ke bhItara hI rahane ke kAraNa saMsArI khlaaeNge| isa taraha saMsArI se tAtparya hai jo apane zuddha-svarUpa ko prApta na karake karma-phala bhogane ke lie paratantra haiM tathA zarIra se yukta haiN| saMsArI-jIvoM ke mukhyarUpa se pA~ca prakAra ke zarIra mAne gae haiM : 1. audArika-vaha sthUla-zarIra jisakA chedana-bhedana kiyA jA sake, 2. vaikriyaka-jisakA chedana-bhedana na ho sake parantu svecchA se choTA-bar3A, patalA-moTA Adi anekarUpa kiyA jA sake, 3 AhAraka-kisI vizeSa avasara para muni ke dvArA banAyA gayA zarIra, 4 taijasa-annAdi pAcana kriyA meM teja utpanna karanevAlA aura 5. kArmaNa-puNyapAparUpa karmoM kA piNDa / ina pA~ca prakAra ke zarIroM meM se taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke sAtha hamezA rahate haiN| ataH inakA jIva ke sAtha anAdi sambandha hai| ina do zarIroM ke atirikta jIvita avasthA meM jIva ke sAtha audArika aura vaikriyaka meM se koI eka zarIra aura rahatA hai| isa taraha sAmAnyataH jIvita avasthA 1. to orAliyateyakammAI savvAhiM vippajahaNAhiM vippjhittaa"| -u0 26.73. audArikavaikriyakAhArakata jasakArmaNAni shriiraanni|| -ta0 sU0 2.36. tathA dekhie-2.37-46. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #116
EURo ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana meM eka jIva ke eka sAtha tIna zarIra hote haiM / audArika aura vaikriyaka zarIra kA abhAva sirpha mRtyu ke samaya hotA hai / dUsarA janma lene para audArika aura vaikriyaka meM se koI na koI zarIra punaH prApta ho jAtA hai / sAdhAraNatayA manuSya aura pazu-pakSiyoM ( tiryaJcoM) meM audArika- zarIra pAyA jAtA hai / deva aura nArakiyoM meM vaikriyaka zarIra pAyA jAtA hai / ataH saMsArI jIvoM ko 'sazarIrI' yA 'baddha' jIva kahane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / saMsArI jIvoM ke vibhAjana ke srota : grantha meM saMsArI jIvoM ke vibhAjana ke kaI srota haiM unameM se kucha nimnokta haiM : gamana karane kI zakti' - jo jIva eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para gamana kara sakate haiM unheM eka vibhAga meM rakhA jA sakatA hai aura jo aise sAmarthya vAle nahIM hai unheM dUsare vibhAga meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / grantha meM inake kramaza: nAma trasa aura sthAvara die gae haiN| isI vibhAjana ko mUla AdhAra mAnakara Age vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ eka bAta smaraNIya hai ki yadyapi sabhI jIva sakriya haiM parantu gatizIlatA ke AdhAra para jo vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai vaha vartamAna meM calane-phirane kI zakti kI apekSA se hai / 2 2. zarIra kI sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA - jinakA zarIra sthUla hai unheM eka vibhAga meM aura jinakA zarIra sUkSma (laghu) hai unheM 1. saMsAratthA u je jIvA duvihA te viyAhiyA / tasA yathAvarA ceva thAvarA tivihA tahi // - u0 36.68. tathA dekhie - u0 5.8; 8. 10; 25.23; ta0 sU0 2.12. 2. tANaM thAvarANaM ca suhumANaM bAdarANa ya / - u0 35.6. tathA dekhie - bhA0 saM0 jai0, pR0 218 - 216. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [61 dUsare vibhAga meM rakha sakate haiN| yahA~ sthUlatA se tAtparya lambecaur3e zarIra se tathA sUkSmatA se tAtparya choTe-zarIra se nahIM hai apitu jo dIvAla Adi se agni kI kiraNoM kI taraha rukeM nahIM ve sUkSma haiM aura jo ruka jAveM ve sthUla haiN| isa viSaya meM grantha meM eka karma-vizeSa (nAmakarma svIkAra kiyA hai jisakA Age varNana kiyA jaaegaa| 3. zarIra kI utpatti (janma) -jo mAtA-pitA kA saMyoga hone para mAtA ke garbha se utpanna hoveM ve garbhaja' haiN| jo mAtA-pitA ke saMyoga ke binA yatra-tatra apavitra sthAnoM meM paidA hoveM ve 'sammUcchima' haiN| jo kisI sthAna-vizeSa se aise uThakara khar3e ho jAveM mAno sokara jAga rahe hoM, ve 'upapAdajanma' vAle jIva haiN| manuSya aura pazu Adi meM prathama do prakAra ke janma saMbhava haiN| deva aura nArakiyoM meM tRtIya prakAra kA janma hotA hai| isa taraha zarIra kI utpatti (janma) ke AdhAra se saMsArI jIvoM ke tIna bheda hote haiM / 4. zarIra kI pUrNatA tathA apUrNatA2-zarIra kI pUrNatA se tAtparya hai-jisa jIva ko jisa prakAra ke zarIra ko prApta karanA hai usakA pUrNa AkAra-prakAra bana jaanaa| jinheM zarIra kI pUrNatA prApta ho cukI hai ve 'paryAptaka' kahalAte haiM aura jinheM zarIra kI pUrNatA prApta nahIM huI hai ve 'aparyAptaka' kahalAte haiM / jainadarzana meM chaH paryAptiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM jinakI mAtrA pRthak-pRthak jIvoM meM pRthak-pRthak nizcita hai| 1. samucchimA ya maNuyA gabbhavakkatiyA tahA / -u0 36.164. tathA dekhie-bhA0 saM0 ja0, pR. 218-216. 2. pajjantamapajjattA evameva duhA punno| -u0 36.70. tathA dekhie-u0 36.84, 62,108,117 Adi / 3 AhArasarIridiyapajjattI ANapANabhAsamaNo / cattAri paMca chappi ya eiMdiyaviyalasaNNINaM // -go0 jI0, gAthA 118 (TIkA shit)| . For Personal & Private Use Only

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62] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 5. janmasambandhI zarIra kI avasthA-vizeSa ( gati ) -janmasambandhI zarIra kI mukhya cAra avasthAe~ (paryAe~) haiM jinheM 'gati' nAma se kahA gayA hai| yadyapi gati zabda kA sAmAnya artha gamana hai parantu yahA~ devAdi cAra avasthA-vizeSoM meM jIva ke gamana karane ke kAraNa unheM gati kahA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM eka prakAra kA karma-vizeSa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jisake AdhAra para isakI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| isa gati bheda ke AdhAra se jo cAra bheda jIva ke haiM unake nAma ye haiM-deva, manuSya, tiryaJca (pazu-pakSI, vRkSa Adi) aura naark| 6. dharmAcaraNa-jo ahiMsA Adi dharma kA pAlana karate haiM ve 'sanAthI-jIva' haiM tathA jo aisA nahIM karate haiM ve 'anAthI-jIva' haiN| isa taraha do bheda haiN| ise anya prakAra se tIna bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| jaiseH manuSya janma ko mUladhana mAnakara-1. mUladhana-rakSaka- aise kArya karane vAlA jisase manuSyajanma kI punaH prApti ho, 2. mUladhana-vinAzaka-jo khoTe-karma dvArA mUladhanarUpI manuSya janma ko naSTa karake pazu evaM narakAdi yoniyoM meM janma letA hai aura 3. mUladhanavardhaka-jo acche kAryoM ko karake devapane ko prApta karatA hai| 1. paMcidiyA u je jIvA cauvvihA te viyAhiyA / neraiyA tirikkhA ya maNayA devA ya AhiyA / / -70 36.155. 2. imA hu annA vi aNAhayA nivA tAmegacitto nihuo suNehi me| niyaNThadhamma lahiyANa vI jahA sIyanti ege bahukAyarA narA // -u0 20.38. tujhaM sula ddhaM kha maNussajammaM lAbhA suladdhA ya tume mahesI / tubbhe saNAhA ya sabandhavA ya jaM me ThiyA maggi jiNattamANaM / / / -u02055. 3. mANusattaM bhave mUlaM lAbho devagaI bhave / mUlaccheeNa jIvANaM naragatirikkhattaNaM dhuvaM / / -u0 7.16. tathA dekhie-u0 7.14,21. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [93 ____7. jJAnendriyA~' -jJAna ke srota pA~ca indriyA~ mAnI jAtI haiN| unake kramazaH nAma ye haiM-sparzana, rasanA, ghANa, cakSu, tathA karNa / inameM se jo kramazaH eka indriya vAlA hai use ekendriya, jo do indriyoM vAlA hai use dvIndriya, jo tIna indriyoM vAlA hai use zrIndriya, jo cAra indriyoM vAlA hai use caturindriya aura jo pAMcoM indriyoM vAlA hai use paJcendriya jIva kahate haiN| ina indriyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kramazaH hI hotI hai| isa taraha ye kucha mukhya prakAra haiM jinake AdhAra para jIvoM kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| zarIra meM pAe jAnevAle rUpAdi ke taratamabhAva tathA sthAna-vizeSa Adi ke AdhAra se jIva ke ananta bheda ho sakate haiM jinakI grantha meM sUcanA mAtra dI gaI hai| vastutaH ye sabhI bheda zuddha jIva ke nahIM haiM apitu zarIrAdi kI upAdhi se viziSTa jIva (AtmA) ke haiN| gamana karane kI zakti kI apekSA jo trasa aura sthAvara ke bheda se do bheda kie gaye the unameM se prathama sthAvara jIvoM ke bhedAdi kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| sthAvara jIva : calane-phirane kI zakti se rahita jIva sthAvara kahalAte haiN| isake pramukha tIna bheda kie gae haiM : 1. pRthivI zarIra 1. urAlA tasA je u cauhA te pkittiyaa| . veiMdiyA teiMdiyA cauro paMcidiyA ceva / / -u0 36.126. * 2. eesi vaNNao ceva gaMdhao rsphaaso| saMThANAdesao vAvi vihANAI sahassaso / -u0 36.83. tathA dekhie - u0 36.91, 105, 116, 125 Adi / 3. puDhavI AujIvA ya taheva ya vaNassaI / iccee thAvarA tivihA tesiM bhee suNeha me / / -u0 36.66. tathA dekhie-u0 36.68. For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana vAle ( pRthivIkAyika), 2 jala zarIra vAle (apakAyika) aura 3. vanaspati zarIra vAle ( vanaspatikAyika ) / yaha gamanakartR ka vibhAjaka rekhA grantha meM sarvatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai kyoMki anyatra agnizarIra vAle ( agnikAyika) tathA vAyu zarIra vAle ( vAyukAyika) ekendriya jIvoM ko bhI inake sAthahI ginAyA gayA tathA zeSa ko trasa kahA hai|" isI taraha jahA~ trasa jIva ke bheda ginAe gae haiM vahA~ dvIndriyAdi ko pradhAna ( urAla) trasa kahA gayA hai / isakA tAtparya hai ki vAyukAyika aura tejaskAyika ko kisI apekSA se trasa kahA jA sakatA hai / anyathA ve sthAvara hI haiM / ata: unheM hama apradhAna trasa zabda se bhI kaha sakate haiM / yahA~ eka bAta aura vicAraNIya hai ki jisa prakAra agni ke Urdhvagamana karane se tathA vAyu ke tiryakgamana karane se unameM sarUpatA mAnI jAtI hai usI prakAra jala meM bhI adhogamana tathA vanaspatiyoM meM Urdhva aura adhogamana donoM hone se jalakAyika aura vanaspatikAyika meM trasarUpatA kyoM nahIM hai ? isakA tAtparya hai ki yadi agni ko trasa kahA jAtA hai to vanaspati ko bhI trasa kahanA cAhie kyoMki ye donoM apane mUla sthAna se sarvathA na haTate hue hI gamana karate haiM / yadi vAyu ko svasthAna se haTane ke kAraNa trasa kahA jAtA hai to jala meM bhI yahI bAta hone se use bhI trasa kahanA cAhie | mAlUma par3atA hai isa viSaya ko lekara pahale bhI sthAvara jIvoM ke vibhAjana meM matAntara rahe haiM / ataH uttarAdhyayana meM bahuta sthaloM para chaH kAya ke jIvoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / chaH kAya ke jIvoM meM pA~ca sthAvara aura eka trasa kA bheda liyA gayA hai / 3 . 9. puDhavI - AukkAe teU - vAU - vaNassai-tasANaM / tathA dekhie - u0 26.31. 2. itto u tase tivihe vRcchAmi aNupubvaso / U vAU ya bodhavvA urAlA ya tasA tahA || tathA dekhie - u0 36.107, 126. 3. dekhie - pR0 4, pA0 Ti0 1. - u0 26.30. - u0 36.106. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya- vicAra [ 65 isa taraha agnikAyika aura vAyukAyika ke jIvoM meM sthAvarapane kI hI pradhAnatA hone se tathA viSaya kI samAnatA hone se yahA~ para ekendriya ke pA~coM bhedoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara vicAra kiyA jAegA : 1 pRthivIkAyika jIva jinakA pRthivI hI zarIra hai unheM pRthivIkAyika jIva kahate haiN| sUkSma aura sthUla (bAdara) ke bheda se inake prathamataH do bheda kie gae haiM phira ina donoM ke hI paryAptaka aura aparyApta ke bheda se avAntara do-do bheda kie gae haiM / 1 bAdara paryAptaka ko prathamataH mRdu ( zlakSNa) aura kaThina ( khara) ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda mRdu pRthivI ke sAta aura khara- pRthivI ke chattIsa prakAroM ko ginAyA gayA hai / (ka) mRdu- pRthivI ke sAta prakAra -- kAlI, nIlI, lAla, pIlI, zveta, pANDu (kucha zveta tathA kucha anya raMga vAlI bhUrI) tathA panakamRttikA ( AkAza meM phailane vAlI atyanta sUkSma raja) / isa taraha raMga ke AdhAra para ye sAta prakAra mRdu- pRthivI ke ginAe gae haiM / (kha) khara- pRthivI ke chattIsa prakAra - zuddha- pRthivI ( samUharUpa ), zarkarA, bAlukA, upala, zilA, lavaNa, kSAra, lohA, tAmbA, taruA ( trapu ), sIsA, rUpya (cAMdI), suvarNa, vajra ( hIrA), haritAla (pIlI aura sapheda), hiMguluka (zigarapha), manaHsila, sAsaka ( ratna vizeSa ), aMjana ( suramA ), pravAla, abhrapaTala (abhraka), abhravAluka, gomedaka, 1. duvihA puDhavIjIvA ya suhumA bAyarA tahA / pajjantamapajjattA evameva duhA puNo || - u0 36.70. 2 vAyarA je u pajjattA duvihA te viyAhiyA / sahA kharA ya bodhavvA saNhA sattavihA tahi // ee khara puDhavIe bhaiyA chattIsa mAhiyA gavihamanANattA sumA tattha viyAhiyA || - u0 36.71-77. For Personal & Private Use Only

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e6 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana rucaka, aMka, sphaTika-lohitAkSa, marakata-masAragalla, bhujamocaka, indranIla, candana geruka - haMsagarbha, pulaka, saugandhika, candraprabha, vaiDUrya, jalakAnta aura sUryakAnta / khara- pRthivI ke ina 36 prakAroM meM kaThora sparzavAle dhAtu pASANa, maNi Adi ko ginAyA gayA hai / gomedaka se lekara anta taka ke sabhI bheda maNi-vizeSa ke nAma haiM / sUkSma pRthivIkAyika jIva eka hI prakAra kA hai / " 2. apakAyika jIva - jala hI hai zarIra jinakA unheM apakAyika jIva kahate haiN| sUkSma-paryAptaka, sUkSma aparyAptaka, bAdaraparyAptaka aura vAdara - aparyAptaka ke bheda se pRthivIkAyika kI taraha isake bhI cAra bheda kie gae haiN| bAdara - paryAptaka jIvoM ke pAMca bheda ginAe haiM - zuddhodaka (megha yA samudrAdi kA jala ), avazyAya ( osa ), haratanu, mahikA aura hima (barpha) / 3 3. vanaspatikAyika jIva - vanaspati ( vRkSa-paudhe Adi) hI hai zarIra jinakA unheM vanaspatikAyika jIva kahate haiM / pRthivI ke bhedoM kI hI taraha isake bhI sUkSma-paryAptaka, sUkSma aparyAptaka, bAdara-paryApta aura bAdara - aparyAptaka ke bheda se cAra bheda kie gae haiM / bAdara-paryAptaka ko punaH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : 1. sAdhAraNazarIra ( jinake zarIra meM eka se adhika jIvoM 5 9. vahI / 2. duvihA AujIvA u * ( zeSa pR0 65, pA0 Ti0 1 kI taraha ) / - u0 3684. 3. bAyarA je u pajjattA paMcahA te pakittiyA / suddhodaya usse harataNU mahiyA hime || - u0 36.85. 4. 'haratanu:' snigdhapRthivIsamudbhavaH tRNAgra bindu:, 'mahikA' garmamAseSu sUkSmavarSam / - u0 0 vR0, pR0 381. 5. duvihA vaNasaIjIvA (zeSa pR0 65, pA0 Ti0 1 kI taraha ) / - u0 36.92. 6. bAyarA je upajjattA duvihA te viyAhiyA / sAhAraNasarIrA ya pattegA ya taheva ya // - u0 36.63. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa : dravya- vicAra [ 67 kA nivAsa rahatA hai aura eka ke AhAra Adi se sabakA poSaNa hotA hai ) tathA 2. pratyeka * zarIra ( jinake zarIra meM eka hI jIva kA nivAsa rahatA hai yA jisa zarIra kA eka hI svAmI hotA hai ) / isake bAda ina donoM ke aneka bhedoM meM se kucha avAntara prakAroM ko ginAyA gayA hai / jaise : 1 (ka) sAdhAraNa - zarIra bAdara paryAptaka ke kucha prakAra - AlU, mUlI, zrRGgavera (adaraka), harilI, sirilI, sissirilI, yAvatika, kandalI, palAMDu, lazuna, kuhuvrata, lohinI, hutAkSI, hUta, kuhaka, kRSNa, vajrakanda, sUraNakanda, azvakarNI, siMhakarNI, musuNDI, haridrAkanda Adi aneka kandamUla isa vibhAga meM Ate haiM / inake nAmoM kA parijJAna vaidyaka nighaNTu tathA deza-dezAntara kI bhASAoM se ho sakatA hai / (kha) pratyeka - zarIra bAdara paryAptaka ke kucha prakAra - vRkSa, guccha, gulma ( navamallikA Adi), latA (campakAdi), vallI ( karelA Adi), tRNa (ghAsa ), valaya ( nAriyala Adi / isameM tvacA valayAkAra hotI hai; zAkhAe~ nahIM hotI), parvaja (jo parva yA sandhi vAle haiN| jaise- bAMsa, Ikha Adi), kuhuNa ( ku : = pRthivI kA bhedana karake utpanna hone vAle, chatrAkAra), jalaruha ( kamala Adi), auSadhitRNa ( zAlyAdi dhAnya), haritakAya (culAI Adi kI zAka) Adi aneka per3a-paudhe isa vibhAga meM Ate haiM / 4. agnikAyika jIva - agni hI hai zarIra jinakA unheM agnikAyika jIva kahate haiM / pRthivI kI taraha isake bhI cAra bheda haiM / 1. patteyasarIrA u NegahA te pakittiyA / musu DhIya haliddA ya NegahA evamAyao // -u0 36.64-e8. 2. duvihA teUjIvA u ( zeSa pR0 65, pA0 Ti0 1 kI taraha) / u0 36.108. For Personal & Private Use Only

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18] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana unameM se vAdara-paryAptaka ke aneka bheda haiN| jaise : aMgAra (dhama rahita agni), murmara (bhasmayukta agnikaNa), agni (sAmAnyazUddha-agni), arci (samUla agnizikhA), jvAlA (mUlarahita agnizikhA), ulkA, vidyut Adi / 5. vAyukAyika jIva-vAyu hI hai zarIra jinakA unheM vAyukAyika jIva kahate haiN| pRthvIkAyika kI taraha inake bhI cAra bheda haiN| unameM se bAdara-paryAptaka vAyukAyika ke aneka prakAra haiN| jaise : utkalikA ( ruka-ruka kara bahanevAlI ), maNDalikA (cakrAkAra), ghana ( narakoM meM bahanevAlI ), guJjA ( zabda karanevAlI), zuddha ( manda-manda pavana ), saMvartaka ( jo tRNAdi ko sAtha meM ur3Akara bahatI hai ) Adi / isa taraha grantha meM saMkSepa se bAdara ( sthUla ) ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| rUpAdi ke taratama-bhAva ke AdhAra se inake anya avAntara aneka bheda ho sakate haiN| sUkSma ekendriya sabhI sthAvara jIvoM kA eka-eka hI bheda batalAyA gayA hai" kyoki sthUla meM hI avAntara bheda saMbhava haiN| sabhI sUkSma 1. bAyarA je u pajjattA NegahA te viyAhiyA / iMgAle mummure agaNI accijAlA taheva ya / / ukkA vijjU ya bodhavvA NegahA evmaayo| egavihamaNANattA suhumA te viyAhiyA / / - u0 36.106-110. 2 duvihA vAujIvA u" (zeSa pR0 65, pA0 Ti0 1 kI trh)| -u0 36.117. 3. bAyarA je u pajjattA paMcahA te pkittiyaa| ukkaliyA maMDaliyA ghaNagaMjA suddhavAyA ya / / saMvaTTagavAyA ya NegahA evmaayo| -u0 36.118-116. 4. dekhie-pR0 63, pA0 Ti0 2.. 5. egavihamaNANattA suhumA tattha viyAhiyA / suhumA savvalogammi egadese ya bAyarA // -u0 36.77-78, 86, 100, 110,116-120. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya- vicAra [ ee jIva cUMki kisI se rukAvaTa ko prApta nahIM hote haiM ataH sarvaloka meM vyApta haiM / inakA gamana siddhoM ke nivAsa sthAna taka saMbhava hai / isIlie prArambha meM jo loka kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai vaha jIvoM ke nivAsa ke AdhAra para nahIM kiyA gayA hai / bAdara- kAyika jIva cUMki avarodha ko prApta hote haiM ataH unakA nivAsa loka ke eka deza meM mAnA gayA hai / ina ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM kI santAna - paramparA anAdi kAla se vartamAna hai tathA ananta kAla taka rahegI / parantu jaba hama kisI jIva vizeSa kI avasthA vizeSa kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to usakA prArambha bhI hai aura anta bhI hai / ina sabhI ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM kI Ayu ( bhavasthiti ) kama se kama antarmuhUrta ( eka atyanta sUkSma kSaNa se lekara 48 minaTa taka ) tathA adhika se adhika pRthivI - Safe kI 22 hajAra varSa, apkAyika kI 7 hajAra varSa, vanaspatikAyika kI 10 hajAra varSa, agnikAyika kI tIna dina-rAta ( ahorAtra ) aura vAyukAyika kI 3 hajAra varSa hai / isa Ayu ke pUrNa hone ke bAda ye jIva niyama se eka zarIra chor3akara dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa kara lete haiM / yadi eka pRthivIkAyika jIva marakara puna: puna: ( bArambAra ) pRthivIkAyika jIva hI banatA hai to use kAyasthiti kaheMge / yaha kAyasthiti sabhI ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM kI kama se kama antarmuhUrta tathA adhika se adhika vanaspatikAyika ko chor3akara zeSa kI asaMkhyAtakAla ( saMkhyAtIta varSa ) hai / vanaspatikAyika kI adhikatama kAryasthiti anaMtakAla 9. vahI / 2. saMtaI pappa NAIyA apajjavasiyAvi ya / Thi pahucca sAIyA sapajjavasiyAviya // -u0 36.79,87,101,112,121. 3. bAvIsasahassAiM vAsANukkosiyA bhave / ATha puDhavaNaM aMtomuhuttaM jahanniyA // u0 36.80. akAyika Adi ke lie dekhie - u0 36.88, 102, 113,122. For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana batalAI gaI hai / ' yadi koI pRthivIkAya kA jIva marakara kisI anya kAya vAlA jIva bana jAtA hai aura usake bAda kAlAntara meM punaH pRthvI - kAyika jIva banatA hai to usa vyavadhAna - kAla ko svakAya-antara yA antarmAna kaheMge / isa prakAra kA antarmAna kama se kama antarmuhUrta hai tathA adhika se adhika anaMtakAla ( sImAtIta ) hai parantu vanaspatikAya kA adhikatama kAla asaMkhyAta - kAla hai / isa taraha ina ekendriya sthAvara jIvoM meM jIvatva svIkAra karane ke hI kAraNa jaina sAdhu ko pRthivI Adi para mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga karate samaya sAvadhAnI vartane ko kahA gayA hai| 3 pRthivI Adi meM jIvatva svIkAra kara lene para pudgala dravya kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai kyoMki pRthivI Adi kI kAyA vAle jIvoM kA zarIra to 1. asaMkhakAlamukkoMsA aMtomuhuttaM jahanniyA / kATha puDhavINaM taM kAyaM tu amucao || -30 36.81. anaMtakAlamukkIsA aMtomuhuttaM jahanniyA / kAyaThiI paNagANaM taM kAryaM tu amaMcao || - u0 36.103. tathA dekhie - u0 10.5, 6. apa, teja aura vAyukAyika ke lie dekhie u0 36.89,114,423; 10.6-8. 2. anaMtakAlamukkasaM aMtomuhuttaM jahannayaM / vijami sakAe puDhavIjIvANa aMtaraM / / - u0 36.82. asaMkhakAkkosaM aMtomuhuttaM jahannayaM / vijaDhamma sae kA paNagajIvANa aMtaraM || - u0 36 104. apa, teja aura vAyukAyika ke lie dekhie - u0 36.60,115,124. 3. dekhie - prakaraNa 4, uccArasamiti / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [1.1 pudgala kA hI hai| pRthivI Adi meM jIvoM kI sattA hone ke kAraNa hI mahAbhArata meM bhI saMsAra ko nAnA jIvoM se bharA huA batalAyA gayA hai| trasa jIva : __ do indriyoM se lekara pA~ca indriyoM vAle jIva trasa kahalAte haiN| inheM hI grantha meM pradhAna-trasa kahA gayA hai| inake prathamataH dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paJcendriya ke bheda se cAra bheda kiye gae haiN| inameM sthAvara jIvoM kI taraha sUkSma nAma kA bheda nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| dvIndriyAdi jIva AkAra meM sUkSma (choTe) ho sakate haiM parantu aise sUkSma nahIM haiM jo dIvAla Adi se bhI rukeM nahIM / ataH grantha meM dvIndriyAdi jIvoM ke paryAptaka aura aparyAptaka ke bheda se prathamataH do bheda kie gae haiN| parantu paJcendriya jIvoM ke viSaya meM isa prakAra ke bheda ko batalAne vAlI koI gAthA nahIM hai / dvIndriyAdi trasa jIvoM ke bhedAdi nimnokta haiM : 1. dvIndriya jIva-jo sparzana aura rasanA ina do indriyoM se yukta haiM ve dvIndriya jIva kahalAte haiN| jaise: kRmi (viSTA Adi apavitra sthAna meM utpanna hone vAle), sumaMgala, alasa (yaha varSARtu meM paidA hotA hai), mAtRvAhaka (kASTha-bhakSaka-ghuNa), vAsImukha, 1. udake bahavaH prANAH pRthivyAM ca phaleSu ca / na ca kazcinna tAn hanti kimanyat prANayApanAt / sUkSmayonIni bhUtAni tarkagamyAni kAnicit // pakSmaNo'pi nipAtena yeSAM syAt ekandhaparyayaH // -mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 15.25-26. 2. dekhie -pR0 63, pA0Ti0 1. 3. beiMdiyA u je jIvA duvihA te pkittiyaa| pajjattamapajjattA tesi bhee suNeha me // -u0 36.127. isI taraha trIndriyAdi ke lie dekhie -u0 36. 136, 145 tathA . A0 TI0, pR0 1717. ... 4. kimiNo somaMgalA cevaNegahA evmaayo| -u0 36.128-130. For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana zukti, zaMkha, laghuzaGkha (ghoMghe Adi), pallaka, anupallaka, barATaka (kaur3I), jalaukA (joMka Adi), jAlakA, candanA Adi / 2. trIndriya jIva - jo sparzana, rasanA aura ghANa ina tIna indriyoM se yukta haiM ve trIndriya jIva kahalAte haiN| jaise:1 kunthu, pipIlikA, udaMsA, utkalikA, upadehikA, tRNahAraka, kASThahAraka, mAlukA, patrahAraka, kArpAsika, asthijAta. tinduka, trapuSa, miMgaja (miJjaka), zatAvarI, gulmI, indrakAyika, indragopaka Adi / 3. caturindriya jIva- jo sparzana, rasanA, ghANa aura cakSu ina cAra indriyoM se yukta haiM ve caturindriya jIva kahalAte haiN| jaise:2 andhikA, pauktikA, makSikA, mazaka, bhramara, kITa, pataMga, DhiMkaNa, kuMkaNa, kukkuTa, zRGgarITI, nandyAvarta, vRzcika, DolA, bhRGgarITaka, viralI, akSibedhaka, akSilA, mAgadha, akSiroDaka, vicitra, citrapatraka, upadhijalakA, jalakArI, nIcaka, tAmRka Adi / ___ uparyukta tInoM prakAra ke dvIndriyAdi jIva sthUla hone se loka ke eka deza meM rahate haiN| ye anAdikAla se vartamAna haiM aura anantakAla taka rheNge| ye kisI jIva vizeSa kI sthiti vizeSa kI apekSA se sAdi aura sAnta bhI haiN| inakI sthiti (Ayu) kama se kama antarmahurta tathA adhika se adhika dvIndriya kI 12 varSa, trIndriya kI 46 dina, caturindriya kI 6 mAsa hai|5 kAyasthiti 1. kuMthupivIliuDDaMsANegavihA evmaayo| -u0 36.137-136. 2. aMdhiyA pottiyA ceva macchiyA masagA thaa| iya cauridiyA ee NegahA evamAyo / -u0 36.146-146. 3. logegadese te savve na savvattha viyAhiyA / -u0 36.130, 136, 146. 4. u0 36.131, 140, 150 (pR0 66, pA0 Ti0 2 kI taraha) 5. vAsAI vArasA ceva ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / beiMdiyaAuThiI aMtomuhattauM jahanniyA / / -u0 36.132. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [103 kama se kama antarmuhUrta aura adhika se adhika saMkhyAta-kAla hai|' antarmAna kama se kama antarmuhUrta aura adhika se adhika anantakAla hai|2 rUpAdi ke tAratamya se inake bhI sthAvara jIvoM kI taraha hajAroM bheda ho sakate haiN| ekendriya se lekara caturindriya taka ke sabhI jIva tiryaJca hI kahalAte haiM / 4. paJcendriya jIva-jo sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura karNa ina pA~coM indriyoM se yukta haiM ve paJcendriya jIva kahalAte haiN| sabhI jIvoM meM paJcendriya jIvoM kI hI pradhAnatA hai| naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva gati ke bheda se inheM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| inakA vizeSa paricaya nimnokta hai : nArakI-jo pApa karmoM ke kAraNa duHkhoM ko jhelate haiM tathA adholoka meM nivAsa karate haiM unheM nArakI jIva kahate haiN| ye sabhI egUNapaNNahorattA ukkoseNa viyaahiyaa| teiMdiyaAuThiI aMtomuhuttaM jahanniyA / / -u0 36.141. chacceva ya mAsAU ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / caridiyaAuThiI aMtomuhattaM jahanniyA / / -u0 36.151. 1. saMkhijjakAla mukkosA aMtomuhutta jahanniyA / beiMdiyakAyaThiI taM kAyaM tu amuco|| -u0 36.133. ..... tathA dekhie-u0 36.142, 152; 10.10-12. . 2. aNaMtakAlamukkosaM aMtomuhattaM jahannayaM / beiMdiyajIvANaM aMtaraM ca viyAhiyaM // -u0 36.134. isI taraha trIndriya Adi ke lie dekhie-90 36.143, 153. / 3. dekhie-pR0 62, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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104] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana napaMsaka aura upapAda-janma vAle hote haiN|' adholoka meM nIcenIce sAta pRthiviyA~ hone se unake hI nAma se sAta naraka mAne gae haiM aura tattata narakoM meM nivAsa karane vAle jIvoM ke bheda se nArakiyoM ke bhI sAta bheda kie gae haiN| 2 inakI adhikatama Ayu kramazaH ( Upara se nIce ke narakoM meM ) 1 sAgara, 3 sAgara, 7 sAgara, 10 sAgara, 17 sAgara, 22 sAgara aura 33 sAgara hai / prathama naraka kI kamase kama Ayu 10 hajAra varSa tathA anya narakoM meM pUrva-pUrva ke narakoM kI utkRSTa Ayu hI Age-Age ke narakoM meM nimnatama Ayu hai|4 nArakI jIva marakara punaH narakoM meM utpanna nahIM hote| ataH inakI Ayu (bhavasthiti) aura kAyasthiti meM koI bheda nahIM hai| arthAt nArakI jIvoM kI jo sAmAnya Ayu ( bhavasthiti ) batalAI gaI hai utanI hI unakI kAyasthiti bhI 1. devanArakANAmupapAdaH / aupapAdikaM vaikriyikam / labdhipratyaya ca / nAraka sammUcchino napu sakAni / na devAH / -ta0 sU0 2 34, 46-47, 50-51. 2. dekhie-pR0 61, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. sAgara yA sAgaropama kA artha-sadyotpanna bakare ke abhedya sUkSmatama roma-aMzoM se bhare hue eka yojana pramANa lambe aura itane hI caur3e gaDDhe se yadi prati 100 varSa ke bAda eka roma-khaNDa nikAlA jAe to jitane samaya meM vaha gaDDhA khAlI hogA use patya, palyopama yA pAli kheNge| aise daza koTAkoTi (karor3a x karor3a) palyoM kA eka sAgara yA sAgaropama hotA hai| 4. sAgarovamamegaM tu ukkoseNa viyaahiyaa| paDhamAe jahanneNa dasavAsasahassiyA / tiNNeva sAgarAU ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / tettIsasAgarAU ukkoseNa diyAhiyA / sattamAe jahanneNaM bAvIsaM sAgarovamA / -u0 36.160-166. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [105 * hai|' zeSa kSetra aura kAlasambandhI sabhI bAteM caturindriya kI taraha haiN| ina nArakI jIvoM ke duHkha manuSyoM ke duHkhoM kI apekSA bahuta adhika haiM tathA nIce-nIce ke narakoM ke dukhaH pUrva-pUrva ke narakoM kI apekSA kaI gune adhika haiN| ina narakoM meM kisa prakAra ke kaSTa milate haiM isakA vizeSa varNana Age kiyA jaaegaa| tiryaJca-ekendriya se lekara cAra indriyoM vAle jIva tathA paJcendriyoM meM pazu-pakSI Adi tiryaJca kahalAte haiM / utpatti ko apekSA se paJcendriya tiryaJcoM ke do bheda haiM.-1. sammUcchima aura 2. grbhj| donoM ke puna: jala, sthala aura AkAza meM calane kI zakti kI apekSA se tIna-tIna bheda kie gae haiN| 1. deve neraie ya aigao ukkosa jIvo u saMvase / / ikkikkabhavagahaNe samayaM goyama mA pmaaye| -u0 10.14. jA ceva u AuThiI neraiyANaM viyAhiyA / - sA tesi kAyaThiI jahannukkosiyA bhave / / -u0 36.167. 2. u0 36.158-156, 168-166. 3. jahA ihaM agaNI uNho itto'NaMtaguNo tahiM / naraesu veyaNA uNhA assAyA veiyA mae / / -u0 16.48. tathA dekhie-u0 16.46; prakaraNa 2, nArakIya kaSTa / 4. paMcidiyatirikkhAo duvihA te viyaahiyaa| samucchimatirikkhAo gabbhavakkaMtiyA tahA / / -u0 36.170. jarAyujANDajapotAnAM garbhaH / zeSANAM sammUrddhanam / -ta. sU0 2.33-34. 5. duvihA te bhave tivihA jalayarA thalayarA thaa| nahayarA ya bodhavvA tesiM bhee suNeha me // -u0 36.171. For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 ] - uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . ka. jalacara tiryaJca-jala meM calane-phirane ke kAraNa inheM jalacara tiryaJca kahate haiN| inake pA~ca bheda ginAe haiN| unake nAma ye haiM-matsya, kacchapa, grAha, makara aura sNsumaar| kha. sthalacara tiryaJca-sthala (bhUmi) meM calane ke kAraNa inheM sthalacara tiryaJca kahate haiN| inameM kucha cAra pairoM vAle (catuSpAda) aura kucha reMgane vAle (parisarpa) haiN| cAra pairavAloM meM kucha eka khura (paira ke nIce eka sthala asthivizeSa, vAle haiM (jaise-azva Adi), kucha do khura vAle haiM (jaise-gavAdi), kucha vartulAkAra (gaMDIpada -gola paira vAle haiM (jaise-hastI Adi) tathA kucha nakhoM se yukta paira vAle (sanakhapada) haiM (jaise--siMhAdi pshuu)| reMgane vAle jIvoM meM kucha bhajAoM ke sahAre reMgate haiM (bhajaparisarpa, jaise-godhA-chipakalI Adi) aura kucha vakSasthala ke sahAre reMgate haiM (uraHparisarpa, jaise - sarpa aadi)| ga. nabhacara tiryaJca-AkAza meM svacchanda vicaraNa karane meM samartha jIva nabhacara tiryaJca kahalAte haiN| aise jIva mukhyataH cAra prakAra ke batalAe gae haiM : 1. carmapakSI (camar3e ke paMkhoM vAle / jaisecamagAdar3a, 2. romapakSI (haMsa, cakavA Adi), 3. samudgapakSI (jinake paMkha sadA avikasita rahate haiM aura Dabbe ke AkAra sadRza sadA Dhake rahate haiM) aura 4. vitatapakSI (jinake paMkha sadA khule rahate haiN)| 1. macchA ya kacchabhA ya gAhA ya magarA tahA / susumArA ya bodhavvA paMcahA jalayarAhiyA / / -u0 36 172. 2. cauppayA ya parisappA duvihA thalayarA bhave / cauppayA cauvihA te me kittayao suNa / / egakhurA dukharA ceva gaMDIpaya snnppyaa| hayamAI goNamAI gayamAI sIhamAiNo // bhaoragaparisappA ya parisappA duvihA bhave / gohAI ahimAI ya ekkekkA gahA bhave // -u0 36.176-181. 3. camme u lomapakkhI ya taiyA smuggpkkhiyaa| viyaya pakkhI ya bodhavA pakkhiNo ya caubihA // -u0 36.187. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 107 prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra isa taraha ye sabhI paJcendriya tiryaJca mukhyataH tIna prakAra ke haiN| inakI nimnatama Ayu antarmuhUrta tathA adhikatama Ayu jalacara kI 1 karor3a pUrva,' sthalacara kI 3 palyopama aura nabhacara kI palyopama ke asaMkhyeyabhAga pramANa batalAI hai| inakI kAyasthiti nimnatama antarmuhUrta tathA adhikatama kramazaH pRthaktvapUrvakaror3a, 3 palyopama sahita pRthakkoTi tathA palyopama ke asaMkhyeyabhAga adhika pRthaktvapUrvakoTi batalAI hai| zeSa kSetra evaM kAlasambandhI sabhI bAteM dvIndriyAdi kI taraha haiN|' 1. 7056000 karor3a varSoM kA eka 'pUrva' hotA hai / do se lekara nava taka kI saMkhyA 'pRthaka' kahalAtI hai| ata: 'pRthakapUrva' kA artha huA 2 se lekara 6 pUrva ke madhya kI avadhi / 2. egA ya punakoDIo ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / AuThiI jalayarANa aMtomuhuttaM jahaniyA / / -u0 36.175. paliovamAiM tini u ukkoseNa viyaahiyaa| AuThiI thalayarANaM aMtomuhattaM jahaniyA // -u0 36.184. paliovamassa bhAgo asaMkhejjaimo bhave / . AuThiI khahayarANaM aMtomuhutta jahanniyA / / -u0 36.160. 3. puvva koDipuhutta tu ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / kAyaThiI jalayarANaM aMtomahutta jahannayaM / / -u0 36.176. paliovamAiM tini u ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / puvva koDipuhuttaNa aMtomuhattaM jahanniyA / kAyaThiI thalayarANaM / -u0 36 185. . asaMkha bhAgo paliyassa ukkoseNa u saahiyaa| puvakoDipuhuttaNa aMtomuhuttaM jahanniyA / kAyaThiI khahayarANaM / - u0 36.161. 4. u0 36.173-174, 177-178, 152-183, 186, 188-186, 192-193. For Personal & Private Use Only

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108] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana .. manuSya-madhyaloka ke 23 dvIpapramANa manuSya-kSetra meM nivAsa karane vAlI mAnavajAti isa koTi meM AtI hai / isake sukhAdi vaibhava ko yadyapi devoM ke vaibhava kI apekSA anantaguNA hIna batalAyA gayA hai| phira bhI sabhI saMsArI jIvoM meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai tathA cAra durlabha aGgoM kI prApti meM manuSyajanma bhI eka hai / 2 mokSa, joki pratyeka jIva kA carama lakSya hai, ko manuSya hI prApta kara sakatA hai| manuSya-paryAya kI prApti puNyakarma vizeSa se hotI hai| grantha meM utpatti-sthAna kI apekSA se manuSyoM ke tiryaJcoM, . kI taraha sammUcchima aura garbhavyutkrAntika (garbhaja) ye do bheda kiye gae haiN| isake bAda donoM prakAra ke jIvoM ke karmabhUmi, akarmabhUmi tathA antaradvIpa ke kSetroM (15+30+28 = 73) meM 1. evaM mANussagA kAmA devakAmANa antie / sahassaguNiyA bhujjo AuM kAmA ya digviyA / / -u0 7.12. jahA kusagge udagaM samuddeNa samaM miNe / evaM mANassagA kAmA devakAmANa aMtie / / / -u0 7.23. tathA dekhie - u0 7.24. cattari paramaMgANi dullahANIha jntunno| mANusatta sui saddhA saMjamammi ya vIriyaM / / -u0 3.1. dullahe khalu mANuse bhave cirakAleNa vi savvapANiNaM / -u010.4. tathA dekhie-u0 10.16. 3. kammANaM tu pahANAe ANuputvI kayAi u / jIvA sohimaNuppattA AyayaMti maNussayaM / / -u0 3.7. tathA dekhie-u0 3.6,20; 20.11; 22.38. 4. maNuyA duvihabheyA u te me kittayao suNa / saMmucchimA ya maNuyA gabbhavakkaM tiyA tahA / / -u0 36.164. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [106 nivAsa karane kI apekSA se tattat kSetroM ke bhedoM ke AdhAra para manuSyoM ke bhI 73 bheda ginAe gae haiN|' . inakI nimnatama Ayu antarmuhUrta tathA adhikatama Ayu 3 palyopama batalAI gaI hai / eka jagaha kucha kama 100 varSa Ayu batalAI gaI hai jo vartamAna kI apekSA se janasAmAnya kI Ayu mAlUma par3atI hai| kAyasthiti 3 palyasahita pRthaka-pUrva-koTi hai| eka sthala para kisI bhI vyakti dvArA sAta yA ATha bAra lagAtAra manuSyaparyAya meM janma lene kI sImA batalAI gaI hai|5 zeSa kSetra, antamani Adi kA varNana caturindriya jIvoM kI taraha hI batalAyA gayA hai| 1. gabbhavatiyA je u tivihA te viyAhiyA / -u0 36.165. saMmucchimANa eseva bheo hoI viyaahio| -u0 36.167. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-pR0 57-60, madhyaloka kA varNana / 2. pAliovamAiM tinni ya ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / AuThiI maNuyANaM aMtomuhuttaM jahanniyA / -u0 36 166. 1. jANi jIyanti dummehA UNe vAsasayAue / -u0 7.13. 4. pAliovamAI tiniu ukkoseNa viyaahiyaa| puvakoDipuhutteNaM aMtomuhuttaM jahaniyA / / kAyaThiI mnnuyaannN....................|| -u0 36.200-201. 5. paMcidiyakAyamaigao ukkosaM jIvo u saMvase / sattaTThabhavagahaNe samayaM goyama mA pamAyae / -u0 10.13. yahA~ 'pacidiya' se tAtparya paJcendriya tiryaJca aura manuSyoM se hai / kyoMki deva aura nArakI punaH usI kAyA meM utpanna nahIM hote haiM / 6. u0 36.197-198, 201-202. For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana deva- sAmAnyataH puNya karmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie jIva devaparyAya ko prApta karate haiM / ' puNya karmoM ke prabhAva se manuSyaparyAya kI aura khoTe tapAdi ke prabhAva se deva- paryAya kI bhI prApti hotI hai / jo khoTe tapAdi ke prabhAva se deva - gati ko prApta karate haiM ve bahuta hI nimna zreNI ke deva kahalAte haiM / saMbhavataH unakI sthiti manuSyoM se bhI badatara hotI hai / ata: sarvasAmAnya devoM kI paribhASA ina zabdoM meM dI jA sakatI hai: 'jo upapAda-janma vAle tathA janma se hI icchAnukUla zarIra dhAraNa karane kI sAmarthya ( vaikriyakazarIradhArI) vAle strI aura puruSa haiM ve deva kahalAte haiM / ' yadyapi manuSya bhI tapAdi ke prabhAva se vaikriyaka- zarIra dhAraNa kara sakate haiM parantu janma se nahIM / yadyapi nArakI jIva upapAda - janma vAle tathA janma se hI vaikriyaka zarIradhArI hote haiM parantu ve napuMsaka hI hote haiM / isa taraha ' upapAda - janma vAle ( sote se jAgate hue kI taraha jo palaGga para se uTha khar3e hote haiM ) strI-puruSa' aisA lakSaNa bhI devoM kA kara sakate haiM kyoMki manuSyoM aura tiryaJcoM kA upapAda - janma nahIM hotA hai tathA nArakI upapAda- janma vAle hokara bhI strI-puruSa nahIM hote haiM / aizvarya, Ayu, ajaratA, nivAsa kSetra Adi ke AdhAra para devoM kA svarUpa varNita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki manuSyoM Adi meM bhI utkRSTa aizvarya Adi pAyA jAtA hai tathA kucha nimna jAti ke devoM kI sthiti bahuta hI badatara 1. dhIrassa passa dhIrata savvadhammANuvattiNo / ciccA adhammaM dhammiTThe devesu uvavajjaI || - u0 7.26 tathA dekhie - u0 7.21, 26; 5.22, 26-27. 2. paramAhammiesu N ya / - u0 31.12. yahA~ para paramadhArmika devoM ko ginAne se spaSTa hai ki kucha deva nimna zreNI ke bhI hote haiM / ata: kahA bhI hai : 'etA bhAvanA bhAvayitvA devadurgati yAnti tatazca cyutAH santaH paryaTanti bhavasAgaramanantam / ' dekhie - u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1806-1812. 3. dekhie - pR0 104, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 111 hotI hai| Ayu kI apekSA se nArakI jIva bhI devoM ke samAna Ayu vAle hote haiN| isake atirikta devoM ko amara nahIM mAnA gayA hai| devoM kA nivAsa sirpha Urdhvaloka meM hI nahIM hai apitu madhya aura adholoka meM bhI unakA nivAsa hai| ataH grantha meM 'deva-gati' nAmaka eka karma vizeSa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jisake udaya se jIva ko deva-paryAya kI prApti hotI hai| ina devoM ko pramukharUpa se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai2-1. bhavanavAsI (bhavanapati), 2. vyantara (svecchAcArI ), 3 jyotiSI (sUryAdi) tathA 4. vaimAnika (vizeSa pUjanIya ) / inake avAntara pramukha 25 bheda kie gae haiN| ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM jina 24 prakAra ke devoM ( rUpAdhika devoM )4 kI saMkhyA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve merI samajha se prasiddha 24 jaina tIrthaGkara hI haiN| TIkAkAroM ne vaimAnika devoM kA eka bheda mAnakara bhavanavAsI Adi 24 devoM ko bhI ginAyA hai / 5 / / bhavanavAsI deva-bhavanoM ( mahaloM ) meM rahane evaM unake svAmI hone ke kAraNa inheM bhavanavAsI' yA 'bhavanapati' kahate haiN| AhAravihAra, veSabhUSA Adi rAjakumAroM kI taraha hone ke kAraNa inheM 'kumAra' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| inakI pramukha 10 jAtiyAM haiM-1. asurakumAra, 2. nAgakumAra, 3. suparNakumAra, 4. vidyutkumAra, 5. agnikumAra, 6. dvIpakumAra, 7. udadhikumAra, 1. dekhie-prakaraNa 2, karma-vibhAjana / 2. devA caunvihA vuttA te me kittayao suNa / bhomijja vANamaMtara joisa vemANiyA tahA / / -u0 36. 203. tathA dekhie-u0 34. 51. . 3. dasahA u bhavaNavAsI aTTahA vaNacAriNo / paMcavihA joisiyA duvih| vemANiyA tahA // -u0 36. 204. 4. rUvAhiesu suresu ya / -u0 31.16. 5. u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1396; u0 ne0 vR0, pR0 348. For Personal & Private Use Only

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112 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 8. dikkumAra, 6. vAyukumAra, aura 10. stanitakumAra / ' inakA nivAsa adholoka kI prathama pRthivI kA madhyabhAga mAnA gayA hai| . vyantara deva-inheM 'vANa vyantara' tathA 'vanacArI' deva bhI kahA gayA hai| kyoMki ye deva tInoM lokoM meM svecchApUrvaka bhramaNa karate hue parvata, vRkSa, vana Adi ke vivarasthaloM meM nivAsa karate haiN| inakI pramukha ATha jAtiyAM batalAI gaI haiM-1. pizAca, 2. bhUta, 3. yakSa, 4. rAkSasa, 5 kinnara, 6 kiMpuruSa, 7. mahoraga . aura 8. gandharva / 3 ye deva jinake Upara prasanna ho jAte haiM unakI rakSA, sevA Adi bhI karate haiN|4 / / ___ jyotiSI deva-jyotirUpa hone se inheM jyotiSI deva kahate haiN| sUrya, candramA, nakSatra, graha aura tArAgaNa ke bheda se ye mukhyataH pA~ca prakAra ke batalAe gae haiN| ina devoM meM se kucha sthira haiM aura kucha gatimAna / manuSya-kSetra ke jyotiSI deva gatimAna haiN| inake gamana se hI ghar3I, ghaMTA Adi rUpa se samaya kA jJAna hotA hai| manuSyakSetra se bAhara ke jyotiSI deva sthira hai| isIlie kAladravya ko manuSya-kSetrapramANa kahA gayA hai| sUrya, candra Adi rUpa jo jyotiSI devoM ke bheda ginAe gae haiM ve unake nivAsa sthAna kI apekSA se haiN| 1. asurA nAgasu vaNNA vijja aggI ya AhiyA / . dIvodahidisA vAyA thaNiyA bhavaNavAsiNo / / -u0 36. 205. 2. pisAyabhUyA jakkhA ya rakkhasA kinnraakiNpurisaa| mahoragA ya gaMdhavvA aTTavihA vANamaMtarA / / -u0 36. 206. tathA dekhie-pR0 111, pA0 Ti0 3. 3. vhii| 4. jakkhA hu veyAvaDiyaM karenti / -u0 12. 32. 5. caMdAsUrA ya nakkhattA gahA tArAgaNA tahA / ThiyAvi cAriNo ceva paMcahA joisaalyaa| -u036.207. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 113 bhavanavAsI Adi tInoM prakAra ke devoM kI adhikatama Ayu kramazaH kucha adhika 1 sAgara, 1 palyopama aura lAkha varSa adhika palyopama hai| nimnatama Ayu kramazaH 10 hajAra varSa, 10 hajAra varSa aura palyopama kA AThavAM bhAga hai| inakI kAyasthiti AyU (bhavasthiti) ke hI barAbara hai kyoMki nArakI jIvoM kI taraha deva bhI marakara puna: deva nahIM hote haiM / deva marakara yA to manuSya hote haiM yA tirynyc| isIlie devoM kI Ayu se pRthaka kAyasthiti nahIM batalAI gaI hai| inameM antarmAna, kSetrasthiti Adi sabhI bAteM manuSyoM kI hI taraha haiN| vaimAnika deva-vizeSarUpa se mAnanIya (sammAnAI) hone ke kAraNa tathA vimAnoM meM nivAsa karane ke kAraNa ye vaimAnika kahalAte haiN| inhIM devoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara prAyaH devoM ke aizvarya Adi kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| ye kalpotpanna aura kalpAtIta ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiN|4 ka. kalpotpanna vaimAnika deva-kalpa zabda kA artha hai-maryAdA yA kalpavRkSa (jo icchA karane mAtra se abhISTa vastu ko de dete haiM / ataH jo abhISTa phala dene vAle ina kalpoM meM utpanna hote haiM ve kalpotpanna vaimAnika deva kahalAte haiN| indra Adi kI kalpanA kalpotpanna devoM meM hI hotI hai kyoMki isake Upara ke sabhI deva 'ahamindra' kahalAte haiN| ataH svAmI-sevaka bhAva yahA~ para hI hotA hai, 1. sAhiyaM sAgaraM ekkaM ukkoseNa ThiI bhave / paliovamaTThabhAgo joisesu jahanniyA // -u0 36.218-220. 2. jA ceva u AuThiI devANaM tu viyAhiyA / sA tesi kAyaThiI jahannukosiyA bhave // -u0 36.244. tathA dekhie-pR0 105, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. u0 36.216-217, 248. 4. vemANiyA u je devA duvihA te viyaahiyaa| kappovagA ya bodhavvA kappAIyA taheva ya / / -u0 36.208. For Personal & Private Use Only

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114 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana isake Upara nhiiN| kalpoM kI saMkhyA 12 hone se inake bhI 12 bheda ginAe gae haiN| inake kramazaH nAma ye haiM : saudharma, IzAna, sanatkumAra, mAhendra, brahma, lAntaka (lAntava), mahA zukra, sahasrAra Anata, prANata, AraNa aura acyuta / ye sabhI kramazaH Urdhvaloka meM Upara-Upara haiN| kha. kalpAtIta vaimAnika deva-kalpa maryAdA, svAmI-sevakabhAva) se rahita hone ke kAraNa inheM kalpAtIta kahate haiN| ye do prakAra ke haiM - graiveyaka aura anuttara / 1. aveyaka - jisa prakAra grIvA gardana) meM kImatI hAra Adi AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kie jAte haiM usI prakAra jo puNyazAlI jIva loka ke grIvAbhUta Upara ke bhAga meM nivAsa karate haiM unheM graiveyaka kahate haiN| inakI saMkhyA nava batalAI gaI hai aura ye tIna trikoM (adhobhAga ke tIna bhAga, madhyabhAga ke tIna bhAga tathA UrdhvabhAga ke tIna bhAga , meM vibhakta kie gae haiN|4 2. anuttara (na uttara-zreSTha-anuttara)-jinake samAna aizvarya kisI anya saMsArI jIva kA na ho unheM anuttaradeva kahate haiN| ye pA~ca prakAra ke batalAe gae haiM : vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddha / 5 agale bhava meM niyama se mukta hone vAle 1. isa viSaya meM digambara-zvetAmbara matabheda ke lie dekhie-ta0 sU0 4.16 para paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI aura paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI kI ttiikaaeN| 2. kappovagA bArasahA sohammIsANagA thaa| . saNaMkumAramAhiMdA bambhalogA ya lNtgaa|| mahAsukkA sahassArA ANayA pANayA tahA / AraNA accuyA ceva ii kappovagA surA / / -u0 36.206-210, 3 kappAIyA u je devA duvihA te viyaahiyaa| gevijjANutta rA ceva ........... -u0 36 211 4. gevijjA navavihA tahi 'iya gevijjagA surA / / / -~-u0 36.211-214. tathA dekhie-u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1772. 5. vijayA vejayaMtA ya jayaMtA aparAjiyA / savvatthasiddhigA ceva paMcahANuttarA suraa|| -u0 36.214:215. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [115 jIva hI anuttara devaloka ko prApta karate haiN| inake Upara anya devoM kA nivAsa nahIM hai| ina 26 prakAra ke vaimAnika devoM meM se Adi ke sAta devoM (saudharma se lekara mahAzUkra taka) kI adhikatama Ayu kramazaH 2 sAgara, kucha adhika 2 sAgara, 7 sAgara, kucha adhika 7 sAgara, 10 sAgara, 14 sAgara, 17 sAgara batalAI gaI hai| isake bAda sahasrAra deva se lekara navagraiveyaka taka kramazaH 1-1 sAgara bar3hate hue 31 sAMgara taka hai| pA~coM prakAra ke anuttaravAsI devoM kI adhikatama Ayu 33 sAgara hai| saudharmAdi meM Adi ke pA~ca devoM kI nimnatama Aya kramazaH 1 palyopama, kucha adhika eka palya, 2 sAgara, kucha adhika 2 sAgara aura 7 sAgara hai| isake bAda cAra anuttara paryanta pUrva-pUrva ke devoM kI utkRSTa Ayu hI Age-Age ke devoM kI nimnatama Ayu batalAI gaI hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke devoM kI adhikatama aura nimnatama Ayu 33 sAgara hI batalAI gaI hai|' yadyapi grantha meM kahIM-kahIM devoM kI Ayu anekavarSanayuta'2 tathA 100 divya varSa bhI batalAI gaI hai| parantu 1. do ceva sAgarAiM ukkoseNa viyAhiyA / sohammammi jahanneNa egaM ca paliovamaM / / ajahannamaNakkosA tettIsaM saagrovmaa| mahAvimANe savvaTThe ThiI esA viyAhiyA // -u0 36.221-243. 2. anekavarSanayuta-84 lAkha varSoM kA eka 'pUrvAGga' hotA hai| eka pUrvAGga meM 84 lAkha kA guNA karane para eka 'pUrva' hotA hai| eka pUrva meM punaH 84 lAkha kA guNA karane para eka 'nayutAGga' hotA hai / eka nayutAGga meM punaH 84 lAkha kA guNA karane para eka 'nayuta' hotA hai / aise asaMkhya varSoM vAle nayuta ko 'anekavarSanayuta' kahate haiN| ___--u0 A0 TI0, pR0 280. 3. aNegavAsAnauyA jA sA paNNAvao ThiI / jANi jIyanti dummehA UNe vAsasayAue / - u07.13. ahamAsI mahApANe juimaM varisasa ovame / jA sA pAlImahApAlI divvA varisasaovamA // -u0 18.28. For Personal & Private Use Only

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116 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana vaha sAmAnya kathana kI apekSA se hai / saudharma deva se lekara sahasrAra deva paryanta adhikatama antarmAna anantakAla hai tathA jaghanya antarmAna antarmahUrta hai| Anata se lekara navagraiveyaka paryanta jaghanya antarmAna pRthakavarSa hai kyoMki ye deva marakara aizvaryasampanna manuSya hI hote haiN| inakA utkRSTa antarmAna anantakAla hai|' prathama cAra anuttara devoM kA jaghanya antarmAna pRthakakAla hai tathA adhikatama antarmAna saMkhyeya sAgara hai / 2 sarvArthasiddhi ke deva ekabhavAvatArI hote haiN| ye apanI Ayu pUrNa karane ke bAda marakara manuSya gati meM paidA hote haiM aura manuSya janma ke bAda ye niyama se mukta ho jAte haiN| ataH inake antarmAna kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| zeSa kSetrAdi-sambandhI sabhI bAteM bhavanavAsI Adi devoM kI taraha haiN| 3 devoM ke viSaya meM kucha anya jJAtavya bAteM-ye deva ajara hokara bhI amara nahIM hote haiM kyoMki eka nizcita Ayu ke bAda manuSya yA tiryaJcagati meM janma lekara apane zeSa karmoM kA phala avazya bhogate haiN| devoM kI bahuta adhika lambI Ayu hone ke kAraNa unheM amara kahA jAtA hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke deva bhI, jo devoM meM sarvottama haiM, apanI Ayu ke pUrNa hone para manuSya-loka meM janma lete haiN| gItA meM bhI kahA hai : 'pUNya karma ke kSINa ho jAne para deva vizAla svargaloka se manuSyaloka meM praveza karate haiN| ye deva apane-apane 1. aNaMtakAlamukkosaM aMtomuhattaM jahannayaM / vijaDhammi sae kAe devANaM hujja aMtaraM / aNaMtakAlamukkosaM vAsapuhuttaM jahannayaM / ANayAINa devANaM gevijjANaM tu aMtaraM // -u036.245-246. 2. saMkhejjasAgarukkosa vAsapuhattaM jahannayaM / aNuttarANaM devANaM aMtareyaM viyAhiyaM // -u0 36.247. 3. u0 36.216-217, 248. 4. u0 14.1-2; 3.14,16; 6.1; 13.1; 16.8, 5. te taM bhuktvA svargaloka vizAlam / kSINe puNye martyalokaM vizanti // -gItA 6.21... For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 117 avaziSTa puNya-karmoM ke anusAra manuSya-loka meM sAMsArika manuSya sambandhI 10 prakAra ke aizvaryoM ko prApta karate haiN| inakA aizvarya aura prabhAva sAmAnya manuSyoM kI apekSA adhika hotA hai| inake aizvaryopabhoga sambandhI 10 sAdhanoM ke nAma ye haiM : 1. kSetra, vAstu, hiraNya, pazu Adi kA samUha, 2. mitra, 3. sambandhIjana, 4. uccagotra, 5. sUndararUpa, 6. nirogazarIra, 7. mahAprAjJa, 8. vinaya, 6. yaza aura 10 bala / ' isa taraha ye jIva manuSya-loka meM Akara yadi vizuddha-AcAra kA pAlana karate haiM to mokSa ko prApta karane meM samartha ho jAte haiN| yadi vizuddha-AcAra kA pAlana nahIM karate haiM to saMsAra-cakra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| jisa prakAra manuSyoM aura tiryaJcoM kA viSabhakSaNa Adi ke dvArA akAlamaraNa dekhA jAtA hai usa prakAra devoM kA akAlamaraNa nahIM hotA hai| ye apanI pUrNa Ayu kA bhoga karake hI mRtyu ko prApta hote haiN| inake aizvarya aura Ayu ke samakSa manuSyoM ke aizvarya aura Ayu kuzA ke agrabhAga meM sthita jalabindu kI taraha nagaNya haiN| sAdhAraNa manuSyoM kI apekSA cakravartI rAjAoM kA aizvarya anantaguNA adhika hotA hai tathA unase bhI anantaguNA adhika aizvarya devoM kA hotA hai| inakA teja aneka sUryoM se bhI adhika hotA hai tathA ye icchAnukala zarIra dhAraNa karane kI sAmarthya se yukta hote haiN| saudharma devaloka se lekara anuttara 1. tattha ThiccA jahAThANaM jakkhA Aukkhae cayA / uventi mANusaM joNi sa dasaMge'bhijAyae // -u0 3 16. ..... tathA dekhie-u. 3. 17-18; 7.27. 2. bhoccA mANassae bhoe appaDirUve ahAuyaM / puci visuddha saddhamme kevalaM bohi bujjhiyA / -u0 3.16. 3. dekhie-pR0 108, pA0 Ti0 1. 4. visAlisehiM sIle hiM jakkhA uttara uttarA / ... mahAsukkA va dippaMtA mannatA apuNaccayaM / / For Personal & Private Use Only

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noi 118] uttarAvyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . devaloka paryanta devoM kA yaza, prakAza, aizvarya Adi uttarottara bar3hatA jAtA hai tathA moha, jo saMsAra kA hetu hai, kramazaH kama hotA jAtA hai|' asura, yakSa, rAkSasa, pizAca Adi nimna zreNI ke deva kahalAte haiN| ataH grantha meM jahA~ bhI devoM ke aizvarya Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha zreSTha devoM kI apekSA se kiyA gayA samajhanA caahie| __isa taraha cetana aura acetana-rUpa SaD-dravyoM kA varNana kiyA gyaa| dravya-lakSaNa chaH dravyoM kA pRthaka-pRthaka svarUpa jJAta kara lene ke bAda prazna uThatA hai ki Akhira dravya kA svarUpa kyA hai ?. jisake AdhAra se ina chaH dravyoM meM hI dravyatA hai, kama yA adhika meM nahIM / jainadarzana meM utpAda, vinAza aura dhruvatA ina tIna vizeSaNoM se viziSTa sattAvAna ko dravya kahA gayA hai|2 isakA tAtparya hai ki dravya satarUpa hai, abhAvAtmaka nahIM hai| vaha vedAntiyoM kI taraha . kUTastha-nitya tathA bauddhoM kI taraha ekAntataH anitya nahIM hai| vAstava meM dravya nitya hokara bhI pratikSaNa kucha na kucha parivartanoM se yukta hai| ina parivartanoM ke hote rahane para bhI dravya kI nityatA meM vyAghAta nahIM hotA hai / / appiyA devakAmANaM kAmarUva viuvinno|| uDDhaM kappesu ciTThanti puvvA vAsasayA bahU // -~-u0 3.14-15. tathA dekhie-u0 5.27. 1. uttarAI vimohAiM juimantA'Nu putvso|| samAiNNAI jakhehiM AvAsAiM jasaMsiNo // -u* 5. 26. 2. sat dravyalakSaNam / utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat -ta0 sU0 5.26-30 3. jaise sone ke piNDa se ghaTa banAne para piNDarUpa paryAya kA vinAza, ghaTarUpa paryAya kI utpatti tathA suvarNarUpatA kI sthiratA vartamAna rahatI hai vaise hI dravya meM aneka parivartanoM ke hote rahane para bhI dhra vAMza sarvathA vinaSTa nahIM hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [116 * isa taraha dravya kI isa paribhASA ke anusAra dravya meM paraspara virodhI do aMza haiM : 1. nitya (dhrava) aura 2. anitya (utpAda aura vyaya) / nityAMza ko guNa' kahA jAtA hai aura anityAMza ko 'paryAya' ( avasthA-vizeSa ) / ye donoM aMza dravya se sarvathA pRthak-pRthak nahIM haiM kyoMki dhruvAMza parivartana ke abhAva meM aura parivartanarUpa aMza dhruvAMza ke abhAva meM kucha bhI nahIM hai| ataH guNa 'aura paryAya ko sirpha samajhAyA jA sakatA hai, unakI dravya meM pRthak-pRthak sthiti nahIM batalAI jA sakatI hai ki amuka dravyAMza guNarUpa hai aura amuka paryAyarUpa hai| jisa prakAra guNa aura paryAyoM ko dravya se pRthaka-pRthaka nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA hai usI prakAra guNa aura paryAyoM se pRthaka dravya ko bhI nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki guNa aura paryAyoM se pRthaka dravya kucha bhI nahIM hai| ataH tattvArthasUtra meM gUNa aura paryAyoM se yukta ko dravya kahA gayA hai|' dravya meM hone vAlI anugatAkAra (abhedAkAra samAnAkAra) pratIti to gUNa hai aura bhedAkAra pratIti paryAya hai / 'guNa' dravya ke nitya-dharma haiM tathA paryAe~ Agantuka-dharma haiN| 'guNa' dravya-svarUpa haiM aura paryAe~ usakI upAdhi dravya kI taraha guNoM kI bhI paryAe~ hotI haiM aura paryAyoM kI bhI avAntara paryAe~ hotI haiN| guNa aura paryAya donoM dravya ke aGga haiM evaM dravya ke Azraya se rahate haiN| ata. guNa aura paryAyoM ke sAtha dravya kA aGgAGgibhAva tathA AzrayAzrayibhAva sambandha hai| inake isa sambandha ko saMyoga-sambandha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki saMyoga-sambandha unhIM vastuoM meM hotA hai jinheM eka-dUsare se pRthak-pRthak kiyA jA ske| isa taraha guNa aura paryAyoM kI dravya se sarvathA pRthaka sthiti na hone ke kAraNa hama unameM tAdAtmya-sambandha svIkAra kara sakate haiN| - guNoM kA dravya ke sAtha nitya-sambandha hone ke kAraNa grantha meM dravya kA lakSaNa kiyA hai 'jo guNoM kA Azraya ho'|2 guNa kisI 1. guNaparyAyavatdra vyam / -ta0 sU0 5. 38. 2. guNANamAsavo davvaM / -u0 28.6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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120 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana na kisI ke Azraya se rahate haiM aura ve jisake Azraya se rahate haiM vahI dravya hai| isa paribhASA ke anusAra grantha kA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki dravya meM sirpha guNa hI rahate haiM kyoMki dravya meM paryAe~ bhI rahatI haiN| ataH paryAya kA lakSaNa karate hue likhA hai 'jo dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azraya se rahatI hoN|'' isI prakAra grantha meM vistAraruci-samyagdarzana ke prakaraNa meM dravya ke sabhI bhAvoM ko jAnane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jisakA tAtparya hai-dravya meM rahane vAlI samasta paryAyoM kA jJAna / tattvArthasUtra meM bhI dravya kA lakSaNaM guNa-paryAya . vAlA svIkAra karane se spaSTa hai ki guNa kI taraha paryAe~ bhI dravyAzrita haiM / guNoM kI apekSA paryAyoM ke viSaya meM itanI vizeSatA hai ki ve dravyAzrita hI hoM aisI bAta nahIM hai, apitu guNAzrita bhI haiN| guNa ekamAtra dravya ke hI Azraya se rahate haiN| ataH grantha meM dravya ke lakSaNa meM sirpha guNa ko hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha siddha hai ki dravya na to kaTastha nitya hai aura na ekAntataH anitya apitu guNoM kI apekSA se nitya evaM aparivartanazIla hai tathA paryAyoM kI apekSA se anitya evaM pratikSaNa parivartanazIla hai / guNa : ___ jo ekamAtra dravya ke Azraya se rahate haiM unheM guNa kahA gayA hai| . jaise-jIva meM rahane vAle jJAnAdi guNa / vaizeSikadarzana kI taraha guNoM kI saMkhyA na to niyata hai aura na dravya se pRthaka unakI sattA hai| guNoM ko kevala dravyAzrita kahane se yaha bhI siddha hai ki guNa svataH nirguNa haiM / arthAt guNoM meM guNa nahIM rahate haiN| ataH paravartI kAla meM guNoM kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai 1. lakkhaNaM pajjavANaM tu ubhao assiyA bhave / -u028.6. 2. davvANa svvbhaavaa| -u0 28.24. 3. egadavvassiyA gunnaa| -u0 28.6. 4. rUparasagandha'"""saMskArAzcaturviMzatirguNAH / -tarka saM0, pR0 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya- vicAra [ 121 'jo dravyAzrita to hoM parantu svataH nirguNa hoM / " ye guNa dravya ke sahabhAvI nitya dharma haiM tathA dravya ke svarUpAdhAyaka bhI haiM / ataH guNa aura dravya ko sarvathA bhinna yA abhinna na mAnakara zakti aura zaktimAna kI taraha bhinnAbhinna samajhanA cAhie / paryAya : dravya aura guNa ina donoM ke Azrita rahane vAle dharma ko paryAya kahA gayA hai / 3 paryAe~ dravya aura guNa kI vibhinna avasthAe~ haiM / guNa aura paryAyoM meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki guNa ( vastutva, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi) sampUrNa dravya aura usakI samasta paryAyoM meM vyApta hokara rahate haiM parantu paryAe~ nahIM / arthAt guNadravya ke sAtha sadA rahate haiM aura paryAe~ dravya meM sadA ekarUpa se nahIM rahatI haiM apitu krama-krama se badalatI rahatI haiN| guNoM kI taraha paryAyoM kI bhI koI niyata sImA nahIM hai / ye pratikSaNa utpanna aura vinaSTa hotI rahatI haiM / kucha paryAe~ jo eka kSaNa se adhika samaya taka ThaharatI haiM unakI avAntara paryAeM bhI hotI haiM / isa taraha paryAe~ dravyAzrita aura guNAzrita kI taraha paryAyAzrita bhI hotI haiM / dIrghakAla sthAyI paryAya jo anya paryAyoM kI Azraya hai kisI na kisI guNa yA dravya ke Azrita avazya rahatI hai / ata: paryAya 1. dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH / - ta0 sU0 541. 2. jadi havadi davva maNNaM guNado ya guNA ya davvado aNNe / davvANaMtiyamaghavA davvAbhAvaM pakubvaMti // avibhattamaNNattaM davvaguNANaM vibhattamaNNattaM / * Nicchati Niccaya vivarIdaM hi vA tesi || - paMcAstikAya, gAthA 44-45. 2. dekhie - pR0 120, pA0 Ti0 1. 4. yAvaddravyabhAvinaH sakalaparyAyAnuvartino guNAH vastutva-rUpa-rasa- gandhasparzAdayaH / mRdravyasambandhino hi vastutvAdayaH piNDAdiparyAyAnanuvarttante, na tu piNDAdayaH sthAsAdIn / tata eva paryAyANAM guNebhyo bhedaH / yadyapi sAmAnyavizeSI paryAyI tathApi saGketagrahaNa nibandhanatvAcchabdavyavahAraviSayatvAccAgamaprastAve tayoH pRthagnirdezaH / - yA yadIpikA, pR0 121-122. For Personal & Private Use Only

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122 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana ke lakSaNa meM paryAya ko guNa aura dravya ke hI Azrita batalAyA gayA hai / guNa aura dravya meM jo nAnA prakAra ke parivartana dikhalAI par3ate haiM ve saba paryAyoM ke hI haiN| ataH grantha meM ekaTThA honA (ekatva), . alaga honA (pRthaktva), saMkhyA, AkAra (saMsthAna), saMyoga aura viyoga ina sabako paryAyarUpa mAnA gayA hai|' ghaTAdika meM jo bheda-vyavahAra hotA hai vaha paryAya se hI hotA hai| paryAyoM kI bhI avAntara paryAe~ svIkAra karane se paryAe~ sarvathA anitya nahIM haiN| vAstava meM paryAe~ dravya kI upAdhi haiM aura dravya upAdhimAna hai| ataH donoM meM bheda hone para bhI kathaJcit abheda bhI hai / __isa taraha dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke svarUpa Apasa meM itane milejule haiM ki unheM AsAnI se samajhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| inheM Apasa meM sammilitarUpa se batalAne kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ekAnta rUpa se inheM bhinna yA abhinna na mAna liyA jAya kyoMki dravya, guNa aura paryAe~ Apasa meM kathaJcit bhinna evaM kathaJcit abhinna haiM / ' Upara jo jIvAdi chaH dravya ginAe gae haiM una sabameM utpAda, vinAza aura 1. egattaM ca puhuttaM ca saMkhA saMThANameva y| saMjogA ya vibhAgA ya pajjavANaM tu lakkhaNaM / / .. u0 28.13. 2. pajjayavijudaM davvaM davavi juttA ya pajjayA Natthi / doNhaM aNaNNa bhUdaM bhAvaM samaNA parUviti / / -paMcAstikAya, gAthA 12. 3. dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM kI kathaMcit bhinnAbhinnatA hama eka dRSTAnta se spaSTa kara sakate haiN| jaise - tantu ko hama tantRtva aura vastra se na to sarvathA bhinna hI kaha sakate haiM aura na sarvathA abhinna kyoMki tanturUpI dravya apane tantutvarUpI guNa se tathA vastrarUpI paryAya se kathaJcit bhinna aura kathaJcit abhinna hai| yadi use sarvathA bhinna mAnA jAegA to tantu ke na rahane para bhI tantutva aura vastra kA vyavahAra honA caahie| yadi sarvathA abhinna mAnA jAegA to vastra ke kArya ko tantu se hI ho jAnA cAhie / parantu aisA nahIM dekhA jAtA hai kyoMki ve paraspara bhinna hokara bhI kathaJcit abhinna haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 123 dhruvatArUpa dravya kA sAmAnya-lakSaNa avazya pAyA jAtA hai kyoMki dravya ke sAmAnya lakSaNa ke abhAva meM unameM dravyatA hI nahIM raha sakatI hai| isIlie tattvArthasUtrakAra ne sata ko dravya kA lakSaNa svIkAra karake use utpAda, vinAza aura dhruvatArUpa mAnA hai|' jina dravyoM meM utpAda aura vinAzarUpa pariNAma spaSTa dikhalAI nahIM par3ate haiM unameM bhI samAnAkArarUpa pariNAma jaina-darzana meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi dravya ko ekAntataH nitya yA anitya mAnA jAegA to pratyakSa dRzyamAna vastuvyavasthA saMgata nahIM ho sakegI kyoMki hama dekhate haiM ki pratyeka vastu meM pratikSaNa parivartana hote rahane para bhI usakA sarvathA abhAva nahIM hotA hai apitu eka avasthA (paryAya) se dUsarI avasthA kI prApti hotI hai aura dravya apane mUlarUpa meM hamezA banA rahatA hai| kevala usakI paryAyoM meM hI parivartana hotA hai| Aja kA vijJAna bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karatA hai| isa taraha dravya ke lakSaNa meM ekAntavAdiyoM (nityAnityavAdiyoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai / | gunun| isa prakaraNa meM tIna mukhya siddhAntoM kI carcA kI gaI hai : 1. vizva kI bhaugolika racanA kisa prakAra kI hai, 2. vizva kI racanA meM kitane mUla dravya kArya karate haiM tathA 3. dravya kA svarUpa kyA hai ? 1. vizva kI racanA sambandhI varNana dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki yaha vizva yadyapi asIma hai parantu jitane bhAga meM jIvAdi chaH dravyoM kI sattA maujUda hai usakI eka sImA hai jisa sImA kA AkAza ke atirikta koI bhI dravya ullaGaghana nahIM karatA hai| isI apekSA se isa vizva ko mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : loka aura aloka / loka vaha bhAga hai jahA~ jIvAdi dravyoM kI sattA hai aura aloka vaha pradeza hai jahA~ AkAza ke 1. dekhie-pR0 118, pA0 Ti0 2. 2. tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH / -ta0 sU0 5.42. For Personal & Private Use Only

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124 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana atirikta anya koI dravya nahIM hai| ataH loka ko lokAkAza aura aloka ko alokAkAza bhI kahA gayA hai| vicAraNIya viSaya loka hI hai kyoMki loka meM hI sRSTi pAI jAtI hai| loka ko Urdhvaloka, madhyaloka aura adholoka ke bheda se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| Urdhvaloka meM mukhyarUpa se ucca zreNI ke devatAoM kA nivAsa hai| adholoka meM mukhyarUpa se nArakiyoM kA tathA nimna zreNI ke devatAoM kA nivAsa hai| madhyaloka meM mukhyarUpa se manuSyoM aura tiryaJcoM kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai| isake atirikta loka ke uparitama bhAga meM muktAtmAoM kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai| ina tInoM lokoM kI tulanA meM madhyaloka kI sImA bahata svalpa hone para bhI bahata vizAla hai| isake atirikta madhyaloka ke bahuta hI choTe bhAga meM manuSya-kSetra kI racanA hai jo eka hI prakAra kI DhAI-dvIpoM meM batalAI gaI hai| isa taraha yaha loka eka suniyojita zRMkhalA se baddha hai jisake sambandha meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai kyoMki hamArI pahu~ca manuSyakSetra ke bahuta hI svalpa-kSetra taka hI hai| isIse hama isa loka evaM lokAloka kI sImA kI mAtra kalpanA kara sakate haiN| 2. loka kI racanA ke mUla meM jina cha: dravyoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai unakI saMkhyA cha : hI kyoM hai ? sAta yA ATha, eka yA do kyoM nahIM hai ? isakA koI spaSTa kAraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai| yadyapi grantha meM nihita tathyoM ke AdhAra se yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki dravyoM kI saMkhyA do hai : cetana aura acetana / cetana aura acetana ina do dravyoM kI kalpanA se sRSTi kI vyAkhyA spaSTa nahIM hotI thI kyoMki isakA koI niyAmaka Izvara vizeSa nahIM mAnA gayA thaa| sAmAnyatayA anya darzanoM meM sRSTi ke niyAmaka eka Izvara dravya kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai parantu uttarAdhyayana meM Izvara ko niyantA mAnanA abhipreta nahIM thA kyoMki Izvara jaba sarvazaktisampanna aura dayAlu hai to phira jIvoM ko kaSTa dene ke lie saSTi kyoM kI gaI ? isake atirikta aisA mAnane para Izvara kA darjA bahuta nIcA ho jAtA hai aura vyakti kA svAtantrya bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| ataH Izvara tattva ko svIkAra na karake For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya-vicAra [ 125 gati meM sahAyaka dharmadravya, sthiti meM sahAyaka adharmadravya aura AdhAra meM sahAyaka AkAza ina tIna dravyoM kI kalpanA Avazyaka samajhI gii| isa taraha Izvara tattva ko niyantA na mAnane para tIna dravyoM kI kalpanA karane se dravyoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca ho gii| yaha dazyamAna parivartana bhI satya hai| ata: isa parivartana ke kAraNabhUta kAla-dravya kI bhI kalpanA karanI par3I aura isa taraha dravyoM kI saMkhyA kula chaH ho gii| cetana jIva-dravya ko chor3a kara zeSa sabhI ke acetanarUpa hone ke kAraNa inheM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai| cUMki ye pAMcoM prakAra ke acetana-dravya kisI eka dravya se nahIM nikale haiN| ataH inakI saMkhyA do mAnakarake bhI mukhyataH chaH mAnI gaI hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAegA to astikAya-anastikAya, ekatvaviziSTa-bahatvaviziSTa, lokapramANa-lokAlokapramANa Adi dvaitAtmaka prakAra saMbhava hone se cetana-jIvadravya dharmAdidravyoM kI koTi meM A jaaegaa| isIlie acetana se pRthaka cetana dravya kI svatantra sattA siddha karane ke lie acetana se pRthak cetana-dravya mAnA gayA hai / yaha dRzyamAna saMsAra bhramarUpa nahIM hai apitu utanA hI satya hai jitanA dikhalAI par3atA hai| ataH cetana ke sAtha acetanadravya ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta vaizeSikoM dvArA mAne gae vAyu, dizA Adi dravyoM ko uparyakta chaH dravyoM meM hI antarbhUta mAnA gayA hai| grantha meM yadyapi siddha jIvoM ko Izvara sthAnApanna mAnA gayA hai parantu ve sRSTikartA nahIM haiM kyoMki vItarAgI hone se unheM saMsAra se koI prayojana nahIM hai / ve mAtra apane sva-svarUpa meM pratiSThita AtmAe~ haiN| yadi sRSTikartA Izvara ko mAna liyA jAtA to cetana, acetana aura Izvara ina tIna dravyoM kI hI sthiti rahatI yA phira Izvara ke hI cetana aura acetana ye do rUpa mAna lene para zaMkarAcArya ke brahmAdvaita kI taraha eka Izvara-dravya hI raha jaataa| parantu aisA abhISTa na hone se aura yathArthavAda kA citraNa karane ke kAraNa chaH dravyoM kI sattA mAnI gaI hai| inameM jIva dravya pradhAna hai kyoMki usake pUrNa svAtantrya ko siddha karane ke lie hI use apane utthAna evaM patana kA kartA tathA bhoktA kahA gayA hai| isIlie jIva ko apane puruSArtha dvArA bhagavAn banane kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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126 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana sAmarthya bhI hai / eka bhI mukta-jIva aisA svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai jo binA puruSArtha kie hI nitya mukta ho| yadyapi anAdikAla se muktajIvoM kI sattA hai parantu isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki ve puruSArtha ke binA hI mukta ho gae hoN| isIlie pratyeka jIva meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta jIvoM kI saMkhyA bhI ananta svIkAra kI gaI hai| caitanya ke vikAsa ke AdhAra se kiyA gayA jIvoM kA vibhAjana bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha vibhAjana. bahata kucha aMzoM meM pAzcAtyadarzana ke lIbnIja ke 'jIvANavAda' aura vargasAM ke racanAtmaka vikAsavAda se milatA-julatA hai|' uttarAdhyayana meM kucha vanaspatiyA~ aisI bhI svIkAra kI gaI haiM jinameM kaI jIva eka sAtha rahate haiN| aise jIvoM kA zarIra eka hI hotA hai aura sabakI kriyAe~ eka sAtha hotI haiN| inake atirikta jo sUkSma jIva haiM ve kisI bhI avarodha se rukate nahIM hai aura sarvaloka meM vyApta haiN| jIvoM ke atirikta jo pA~ca prakAra ke ajIva batalAe gae haiM unameM pudgala kA varNana bahuta mahattvapUrNa tathA vaijJAnika bhI hai| 'zabda' ko pudgala kI paryAya svIkAra karane tathA 'vAyU' Adi ko rUpAdi guNoM se yukta mAnane se pudagala-viSayaka bahuta hI sUkSma dRSTi kA patA calatA hai| . 3. yathArthavAda kA citraNa hone se dravya kA svarUpa bhI ekAntataH nitya yA anitya svIkAra na karake anityatA se anusyUta nitya mAnA gayA hai| anubhava meM bhI AtA hai ki dravya meM pratikSaNa kucha-na-kucha parivartana avazya ho rahe haiM aura ina parivartanoM ke hote rahane para bhI usameM kucha aise tathya maujUda haiM jinake kAraNa hama yaha kahate haiM ki yaha vahI hai jise hamane kala dekhA thaa| ataH isa parivartana ke hone para bhI dravya kA kabhI bhI sarvathA abhAva nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vaha kisI na kisI rUpa meM rahatA avazya hai / parivartana dravya kI kisI paryAya-vizeSa kA hotA hai, svataH dravya kA nahIM / ataH dravya kA svarUpa bhI aisA hI mAnA gayA hai jisase donoM (nityAnitya) dRSTikoNoM kA samanvaya ho sake / 1. bhA0 da0 rA0, pR0 334. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 1 : dravya- vicAra [ 127 isake lie yaha bhI Avazyaka thA ki dravya ko kathaJcit nitya aura kathaJcit anitya svIkAra kiyA jaae| isa taraha dravya ke viSaya meM vartamAna nityAnitya sambandhI vivAdoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA / nityatA dravya kA svabhAvasiddha dharma hai aura anityatA usakI upAdhi / zAyada isIlie grantha meM dravya ke lakSaNa meM sAkSAt paryAyAMza ko grahaNa na karake guNAMza mAtra ko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai tathA paravartI kAla meM dravya kA svarUpa nizcayanaya ( dravyArthika naya) kI apekSA se nitya aura vyavahAranaya (paryAyArthika naya ) kI apekSA se anitya mAnA gayA hai|' yahA~ eka bAta aura spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki vedAntadarzana meM mAnI gaI paramArtha -sattA aura vyavahAra-sattA ke dRSTikoNa se dravya ke nityAnityatva kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki vedAntadarzana meM paramArthasattA yathArtha - bhUta hai aura vyavahArasattA ayathArthabhUta / jabaki yahA~ para jitanA dravyAMza satya hai utanA hI paryAyAMza bhI satya hai / paryAeM dravya kI upAdhi haiM jo pratikSaNa parivartita hotI rahatI haiM / inake parivartita hote rahane para bhI dravya sarvathA akSuNNa banA rahatA ho so bhI bAta nahIM hai kyoMki jaba paryAe~ dravya se sarvathA pRthaka nahIM haiM to phira paryAyoM ke parivartita hone para dravya meM kUTastha nityatA banI rahe yaha kaise sambhava hai ? phira bhI jo dravya ko nitya kahA gayA hai vaha apane sattArUpa guNa kA abhAva na honA hai| isa parivartana ke hote rahane para bhI sattA ko akSuNNa svIkAra karane ke kAraNa hI bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda ke doSoM kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai / isa taraha uparyukta siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana yathArthavAda kI nIMva para grantha meM kiyA gayA hai / yaha saMsAra jo hameM dikhalAI par3a rahA hai vaha utanA hI satya hai jitanA hameM anubhava meM AtA hai / isake atirikta isa sRSTi kA srota na to upaniSadoM kI 1. uppattIva viNAso davvassa ya Natthi atthi sabbhAvo / . vigamuppAdadhuvattaM kareMti tasseva pajjAyA || - paMcAstikAya, gAthA 11. For Personal & Private Use Only

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128 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana taraha kisI eka hI kendrabindu se' aura na sAMkhyadarzana kI taraha cetana-acetana ina (prakRti-puruSarUpa) do kendrabinduoM se pravahamAna hai apitu cetana-acetanarUpa mukhya chaH kendrabinduoM se pravahamAna hai| dravya vedAntiyoM kI taraha na to sarvathA nitya hai aura na bauddhoM kI taraha sarvathA anitya apitu nityAnityAtmaka evaM ekAnekAtmaka hai| loka kI bhaugolika racanA ke sambandha meM kitanI yathArthatA hai, kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai| 1. sarva khalvidaM brhm| -chAndogyopaniSad 3.14.1. ekamevAdvitIyam / -chAndogyopaniSad 6.2.2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 saMsAra cetana ( jIva ) ke sAtha rUpI-acetana ( pudgala ) kA saMyogavizeSa honA hI saMsAra hai| ataH jabataka cetana jIva ke sAtha rUpIacetana pudgala kA sambandha rahatA hai tabataka jIva 'saMsArI' kahalAtA hai| saMsAra zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai-saMsaraNa yA paribhramaNa / yaha saMsaraNa mukhya rUpa se cAra avasthArUpa batalAyA gayA hai jinheM gati kahate haiN| unake nAma haiM-narakagati, tiryaJcagati, manuSyagati aura devagati / ina cAra gatiyoM meM apane zubha aura azubha karmoM ke kAraNa jIva kA janma-maraNa ko prApta honA hI saMsAra hai|' isIlie grantha meM saMsAra yA saMsAracakra ko janma, jarA aura maraNa ke bhaya se abhibhUta batalAyA hai tathA use 'bhava' yA 'bhavaprapaJca' bhI kahA hai| - saMsAra kI duHkharUpatA .. narakAdi cAroM gatiyAM jarA-maraNarUpa saMsAra-kAntAra kI cAra bhayaMkara khAne haiN| ye dussaha evaM bhayaMkara zabdoM tathA duHkhoM 1. evaM bhavasaMsAre saMsarai suhAsuhehiM kammehi -u0 10.15. 2. jAIjarAmaccu bhayAbhibhUyA bahiM vihaaraabhinivitttthcittaa| . saMsAracakkassa vimokkhaNaTThA daLUNa te kAmaguNe virattA // -u0 14.4. tathA dekhie-u0 23.84; 36.63. 3. jarAmaraNakaMtAre cAurate bhayAgare / mae soDhANi bhImAI jammAI maraNANi ya / -u016.47. tathA dekhie-u0 26.22, 32, 56. For Personal & Private Use Only

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130 ] uttarAdhya yana-sUtra : eka parizIlana se pUrNa hone ke kAraNa durgatirUpa ( khoTI avasthAe~ ) kahI gaI. haiN|' yadyapi bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI apekSA manuSya aura devagati ko sugati bhI kahA gayA hai| parantu ina gatiyoM kI bhI sukhasuvidhAe~ kucha samaya bAda yA mRtyu ke uparAnta naSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa durgatirUpa hI haiN| ataH kevala sva-svarUpa kI prAptirUpa siddha-avasthA (mukti) hI sadA sukhoM se pUrNa hone ke kAraNa sugatirUpa kahI gaI hai| isa taraha ekamAtra siddha-avasthA ke sugatirUpa hone se siddha-avasthA kI prApti meM pramukha kAraNa ta manuSyagati ko bhI kathaJcit sugatirUpa kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki manuSyagati vAlA jIva hI apane saMyama Adi ke dvArA siddha-avasthA ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ataH grantha meM manuSyagati ko apAra vaibhavasampanna devagati kI bhI apekSA durlabha batalAyA gayA hai| 1. sahA vivihA bhavanti loe, divvA mANussagA tahA tiricchaa| bhImA bhaya-bheravA uraalaa""""|| -u0 15.14. viNayapaDivanne ya NaM jIve aNaccAsAyaNasIle neraiyatirikkha joNiyamaNassadevaduggaIo nirubhai / -u0 26.4. tathA dekhie-u0 14.2; 16.16,46-47; 20.31. 2. maNussadeva sugaIo nibNdhii| -u0 26.4. tathA dekhie-u0 3.1,7; prakaraNa 1. 3. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva"jIvA gacchanti soggii| -u0 28.3. 4. ekayA devaloesu naraesu vi egyaa| egayA AsuraM kAyaM AhAkammehiM gacchaI / kammasaMgehiM sammUDhA dukkhiyA bahuveyaNA / amANasAsu joNIsu viNi hammanti pANiNo // kammANaM tu pahANAe ANupuvvI kayAi u / jIva sohimaNuppattA Ayayanti maNussayaM / / -u0 3.3-7.. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 131 tiryaJca va narakagati ke kaSTa : devagati aura manuSyagati ke atirikta tiryaJca aura narakagati bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI bhI dRSTi se durgatirUpa hI haiM / ataH grantha meM inheM Apatti evaM vadhamUlaka batalAyA gayA hai aura jahAM se nikalanA bar3A kaThina hai / ' ina donoM meM bhI narakagati atyadhika kaSToM se pUrNa hai| isa narakagati meM prApta hone vAle kaSTa manuSyagati ke kaSToM se anantaguNe adhika haiN| mRgAputra ne saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM se virAga lete samaya apane pitAjI se una nArakIya kaSToM kA varNana saMkSepa meM nimna prakAra se kiyA hai : 2 'he pitAjI ! jisa prakAra kI vedanAe~ (kaSTa) isa manuSyagati meM dekhI jAtI haiM usase anantaguNI adhika narakoM meM haiN| ye atyanta tIvra, pracaNDa, pragAr3ha, raudra, dussaha aura bhayaMkara haiN| jaise-prajvalita agni para rakhe hue kundakumbhI nAmaka bartana meM nIce sira aura Upara paira karake aneka bAra mahiSa kI taraha pakAnA; mahAdAvAgni ke samAna uSNa bAlukAmaya pradezoM meM saMtApita karanA; atitIkSNa kA~ToM vAle ucca zAlmalivRkSa para kSepaNa karake rassI Adi se karSApakarSaNa karanA; vibhinna prakAra ke atitIkSNa zastroM se chedana-bhedana karake Tukar3oM ke rUpa meM vRkSa ke Tukar3oM kI taraha jamIna para pheMkanA; zakaroM evaM kuttoM ke dvArA ghasITA jAnA; Ikha kI taraha mahAyantroM meM perA jAnA; Aga ke samAna tapta lohe ke ratha meM jote jAkara cAbukoM (beMta) se pITA jAnA; saMDAsI kI taraha coMca vAle nAnA prakAra ke gIdha .. 1. duhao gaI bAlassa AvaI vhmuuliyaa| . devattaM mANusattaM ca ja jie lolayAsaDhe // tao jie saI hoi duvihaM duggaiM ge| DhullahA tassa ummaggA addhAe sucirAdavi // -u070 17.18. tathA dekhie-u0 16.11; 34.56; 36.257 Adi / 2. u0 16.48-74; 5.12-13; 6.8. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-sUtrakRtAGgasUtra 1.5; praznavyAkaraNa adhyayana 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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132 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana Adi pakSiyoM se nocA jAnA; chalapUrvaka kaThora pAzoM se bAMdhakara maga kI taraha mArA jAnA; pipAsA se vyAkUla hokara vaitaraNI nAmaka nadI meM jala pIne ke lie jAne para ustare kI taraha tIkSNa dhArA se vyApAdita kiyA jAnA; kisI taraha pipAsA ko sahana karane para bhI vahA~ para sthita adharmiyoM ke dvArA tAMbA, lohA, sIsA, lAkha Adi padArtha khUba garama karake cillAte rahane para bhI pilAyA jAnA; chAyA kI abhilASA se vRkSAdi kI chAyA kA AzrayaNa karane para tIkSNa asipatroM (talavAra kI taraha tIkSNa patte) se chedita kiyA jAnA; yamadUtoM kI taraha svayaM ke zarIra ko kATakara khilAnA; zarIra para tIkSNa aujAroM se nakkAsI Adi karanA; luhAra kI taraha kaTanA-pITanA aadi|' isa prakAra ke vividha nArakIya kaSToM ko sunakara hamAre roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiN| nArakI jIvoM kI hI taraha tiryaJcoM ko bhI aneka prakAra ke kaSTa milate haiM jinako hama pratidina pratyakSa dekhate haiN| nArakI aura tiryaJcoM ke kaSToM meM antara itanA hai ki nArakI jIvoM kI asamaya meM mRtyu na hone ke kAraNa unake zarIra bArambAra chinna-bhinna kie jAne para bhI phira juTa jAte haiM jabaki tiryaJcoM ke zarIra ekabAra chinna-bhinna hone para phira nahIM juTate haiN| isake atirikta tiryaJcoM ko kucha bhautika sukha-suvidhAe~ bhI prApta haiM aura unake kaSTa nArakI jIvoM kI apekSA bahuta hI alpa haiN| isa taraha cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM meM sarvAdhika kaSTa nArakiyoM ko hI prApta hote haiM / manuSya va devagati ke sukhoM meM duHkharUpatA : isa taraha yadyapi naraka aura tiryaJca yoniyoM meM hI kaSToM kI adhikatA hai parantu manuSya aura deva yoniyoM meM to nAnA prakAra ke viSayasUkha upalabdha hote haiM phira unheM kyoM kaSToM se pUrNa kahA gayA hai? isa viSaya meM ekamAtra kAraNa hai zarIra tathA viSayabhogoM kI anitytaa| ataH grantha meM kahA hai-yaha jIvana vRkSa ke pIle patte aura osa kI bUMda kI taraha alpasthAyI hai| phena ke bulabule aura vidyut kI taraha caJcala hai / isake atirikta yaha jIvana pratipala For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 133 mRtyu ke samIpa calA jA rahA hai|' sarvArthasiddhi meM rahanevAle sarvocca deva bhI isa mRtyu se chuTakArA nahIM prApta kara sakate haiM / mRtyu ke uparAnta sabhI sAMsArika viSaya-bhoga yahIM chUTa jAte haiM jinakA anya loga upabhoga karate haiN| mAtA, pitA, bhAI, bandhu, putra, pati, patnI, mitra Adi sabhI loga tabhI taka sAtha dete haiM jabataka mRtyu nahIM A jAtI hai kyoMki mRtyu ke uparAnta ye sabhI sambaMdhIjana jo prANoM se bhI adhika priya the do-cAra dina zoka karake anya dAtAra ke pIche cala par3ate haiN| isIlie ina viSaya-bhogoM aura sambandhIjanoM ke prati kI gaI Asakti ko mahAmoha aura bhaya ko utpanna karane vAlI kahA gayA hai| isake atirikta grantha meM anAthI muni ke mukha se yaha kahalAyA gayA hai ki sabhI prakAra ke sAdhanoM se sampanna rAjAgaNa bhI anAtha haiM kyoMki mRtyu yA bhayaMkara 1. dumapattaye paMDayae jahA nivaDai rAigaNANa accae / evaM maNayANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae / kusagge jaha osaviMdue thovaMciTThai laMbamANae / evaM maNuyANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama mA pamAyae / -u0 10.1-2. aNicce jiivlogmmi| -u0 18.12. jIviyaM ceva rUpaM ca vijja saMpAyacaMcalaM / -u0 18.13, tathA dekhie-u0 4.1,9; 7.10; 10.21-27; 13.21,26; 14.27-32; 16.13-14. 2. jaheha soho va miyaM gahAya maccU naraM nei hu antakAle / - 'na tassa mAyA va piyA va bhAyA kAlammi tammaMsadharA bhavanti // -u0 13.22. taM ekkagaM tucchasarI ragaM se ciIgayaM dahiya u pAvageNa / bhajjA ya puttovi ya nAyao vA dAyAramaNNaM aNusaMkamanti / / -u0 13.25. tathA dekhie-u0 4.1-4; 6.3-6; 18.14-17; Adi / 3. jahittu saMgaM ca mahAkilesaM mahantamohaM kasiNaM bhayANagaM / / -u0 21.11. For Personal & Private Use Only

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134 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana roga Adi ke upasthita ho jAne para koI bacA nahIM sakatA hai|' yaha zarIra jisakA hama pratidina nAnA prakAra se zRMgAra karate haiM vaha bhI viSThA, mUtra, nAsikAmala Adi aneka ghRNita padArthoM se bharA huA hai| isa prakAra ke apavitra zarIra meM mana, vacana evaM kAyA se Asakta hokara jIva isake rakSaNa, poSaNa evaM saMvardhana Adi kI cintA kiyA karate haiN| rogAdi ke ho jAne para isa zarIra ke kAraNa hI jIvoM ko aneka prakAra ke kaSTa prApta hote haiN| ataH mRgAputra tathA bhRgupurohita ke donoM putra isa zarIra ko Adhi, vyAdhi, jarA, maraNa Adi se pUrNa jAnakara isameM kSaNabhara ke lie bhI prasanna nahIM hote haiN| viSayabhoga-janya sukhoM meM sukhAbhAsatA : ___ saMsAra ke viSayabhogoM kI sAdhanabhUta pA~ca indriyoM ko corarUpa batalAyA gayA hai|5 pA~coM indriyoM ko corarUpa isalie kahA 1. u0 20.6-30. 2. caittu dehaM malapaMkapuvvayaM / -u0 1.48. tathA dekhie-u0 24.15; 16.15. 3. je kei sarIre sattA vaNNe rUve ya savvaso / maNasA kAyavakkeNaM savve te dukkhasambhavA / / -u0 6.12. 4. mANasatte asArammi vAhI rogANa Alae / jarAmaraNapatthammi khaNaMpi na ramAmahaM / / jammadukkhaM jarAdukkhaM rogA ya maraNANi ya / aho dukkho hu saMsAro jattha kIsanti jNtunno| -u0 16.15-16. tathA dekhie-u0 5.11; 14.7. 5. AvajjaI iMdiyacoravasse / -u0 32.104. tathA dekhie-u0 6.30, For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 135 gayA hai ki inase jIva viSayabhogoM ko bhogatA hai jisase zarIra kI zakti naSTa hotI hai aura vaha akAlamaraNa ko prApta karatA hai| isa tathya kA varNana grantha meM bahata vistAra se milatA hai| jaise :1 cakSu-indriya ke viSaya rUpa, zrotrendriya ke viSaya zabda, ghrANendriya ke viSaya gandha, rasanendriya ke viSaya rasa, sparzanendriya ke viSaya sparza aura mana ke viSaya bhAvarUpa rAga-dveSa se prerita hokara jIva unake utpAdana evaM rakSaNa meM nAnA prakAra kI hiMsAdi kriyAoM meM pravatta hotA hai aura unake saMbhogakAla meM bhI saMtoSa ko prApta na hotA haA asamaya meM mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai| jaise : rUpa (prakAza) meM atyanta Asakta pataGgA, zabda meM Asakta hariNa, auSadhi kI gandha meM Asakta sarpa, rasa meM Asakta matsya, zItala jala ke sparza meM Asakta mahiSa-grAha aura kAmabhogoM meM Asakta haathii| isI prakAra dveSa karane vAlA bhI svayaM ke bhAvoM ko kaluSita karake duHkhI hotA hai| isa taraha grantha meM jaba pRthaka-pRthaka indriya ke viSaya kI Asakti kA phala akAlamaraNa batalAyA gayA hai to phira sabhI indriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakti kA phala kitanA bhayAvaha nahIM ho sakatA hai ? isIlie indriyoM ko corarUpa kahA gayA hai anyathA ye indriyA~ jJAnAdi kI prApti meM sahAyaka haiN| isI prakAra natya, gIta, AbhUSaNa, nArIjanoM kA parivAra Adi saMsAra ke sabhI bhogya viSaya jinakI prApti bar3I muzkila se hotI hai aura jo bhogane meM sukharUpa pratIta hote haiM unameM bhI vAstava meM nimeSamAtra bhI sukha nahIM hai / ye zleSmA meM phasane vAlI makSikA kI taraha karma-jAla meM bA~dhane vAle haiN| aisI sthiti meM piMjar3e meM * sthita pakSI aura bandhana meM sthita mRga kI taraha ina viSayabhogoM meM 1. u0 32.22-66. 2. sabvabhavesu assAyA veyaNA veditA mae / nimisaMtaramittaMpi je sAyA natthi veyaNA / / -u0 16.75. tathA dekhie-u0 7.8; 14.21,41 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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136 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana sukha kahA~ ?' isIlie sabhI gItoM ko vilAparUpa, nRtya ko eka prakAra kI viDambanArUpa, AbhUSaNoM ko bhArarUpa tathA kAmAdi bhogoM ko duHkharUpa batalAyA gayA hai|2 bhogakAla meM ye viSayabhoga yadyapi sundara evaM sukhakara pratIta hote haiM parantu pariNAma meM 'kiMpAka' nAmaka viSaphala kI taraha prANaghAtaka hote haiN| isake atirikta ye viSaya-bhoga bhogane se icchA-jvAlA ko aura adhika tIvratara kara dete haiM kyoMki jaise-jaise kisI vastu kI prApti hotI jAtI hai vaise-vaise lobha (AkAMkSA) bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai| isa taraha ye viSaya-bhoga yadyapi kSaNabhara ke lie kucha sukha avazya dete haiM parantu kAlAntara meM bhayaMkara kaSToM ko hI adhikamAtrA meM dete haiM / 1. nAhaM rame pakkhiNi paMjere vA / u0 14.41. bhogAmisadosavisanne..... bajjhaI macchiyA va khelammi / -u0 8.5. 2. savvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM savvaM naTTa viDambiyaM / savve AbharaNA bhArA savve kAmA duhAvahA / -u0 13.16. 3. jahA kimpAgaphalANaM pariNAmo na sundro| ' evaM bhuttANa bhogANaM pariNAmo na sundro|| -u0 16.18.; tathA dekhie-u0 4.13; 13.20-21; 14.13; 16.12; 32.20. 4. jahA lAho tahA loho lAhA loho pavaDDhaI / domAsakayaM kajja koDIe vi na nidviyaM / / -u0 8.17. puDhavI sAlI javA ceva hiraNNaM pasubhissaha / paDipuNNaM naalmegss".|| -u0 6.46. tathA dekhie-u0 14.36. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 137 sukha vAstava meM inake tyAgane meM hI hai| jaise :' kisI pakSI ke pAsa mAMsa kA Takar3A dekhakara anya pakSIgaNa usa para jhapaTate haiM aura usase vaha mAMsa kA Tukar3A chInane ke lie use nAnA prakAra se pIr3ita karate haiN| jaba vaha pakSI usa mAMsa ke Tukar3e ko chor3a detA hai to anya pakSIgaNa use satAnA bhI chor3a dete haiN| isIlie grantha meM sAMsArika viSayabhogoM se prApta honevAle sukhoM kI apekSA viSayabhogoM se virakta muni ko prApta honevAle AtmAnandarUpI sukha ko zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai / viSaya-bhogoM meM jo hameM sukha pratIta hotA hai vaha hamAre rAgadveSarUpa mana kA vikAra hai kyoMki jIva jisase rAga karatA hai usakA saMyoga hone para aura jisase dveSa karatA hai usake vinaSTa hone para prasanna hotA hai| jaise: jaMgala meM dAvAgni se jalate hue vanya pazuoM ko dekhakara anya pazu rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa Anandita hote haiM usI taraha sampUrNa saMsAra rAga-dveSarUpI agni se jala-bhana rahA hai| isake atirikta isa jIva ko mRtyurUpI vyAdha jarArUpI jAla se veSTita karake dina-rAtarUpI zastradhArAoM se pIr3ita kara rahA hai|4 ata: 1. sAmisaM kulalaM dissa bajjhamANaM nirAmisaM / AmisaM savvamujjhittA viharissAmi nirAmisA / -u014.46. 2. bAlAbhirAmesu duhAvahesu na taM suhaM kAmaguNesu rAyaM / virattakAmANa tavodhaNANaM jaM bhikkhuNaM sIlaguNe rayANaM / -u0 13 17. .. 3. davaggiNA jahAraNNe DajjhamANesu jantusu / anne sattA pamoyanti rAgaddosavasaM gayA / evameva vayaM mUDhA kAmabhogesu mucchiyaa| ijjhamANaM na bujjhAmo rAgaddosaggiNA jagaM / -u0 14.42-43. tathA dekhie-u0 6.12; 14.10; 16.16,24-25, 47. 4. maccuNA'bhAhao logo jarAe privaario| amohA rayaNI vuttA evaM tAya ! vijANaha // -u0 14.23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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138] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana saMsAra meM sukha kahA~ ? yadi kisI taraha sAMsArika sukha ke sAdhanabhUta kAmabhogoM ko prApta bhI kara liyA jAe to bhI inakI rakSA karanA bar3A kaThina hai kyoMki ye caMcala svabhAva ke hone ke kAraNa acchI taraha roka rakhane para bhI icchA ke viparIta chor3akara anyatra cale jAte haiN| jaise patra, phala Adi se rahita vRkSa ko pakSIgaNa chor3akara cale jAte haiN| aisI paristhiti meM saMsAra ke viSayabhogoM ko sukha kA sAdhana kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? inheM to du:khoM kI khAna hI kahanA cAhie / 2 viSaya-bhogasambandhI icchAe~ ananta evaM duSpUra haiN| ataH inase vAstavika sukha kI kalpanA karanA mAtra mana ko saMtoSa dilAnA hai| jinheM. vAstavikatA kA jJAna nahIM hai ve hI ina sAMsArika sukhoM ko priya samajhate haiN| isake atirikta ve nAnA prakAra kI hiMsAdi kriyAoM meM pravatta hokara miTTI ko ekatrita karanevAle zizunAga (keMcuA-dvIndriya jIva ) kI taraha mana-vacana-kAyA se bhogoM meM mUcchita hokara ihaloka aura paralokasambandhI du:khoM ke 1. accei kAlo taranti rAio na yAvi bhogA purisANa NiccA / uvicca bhogA purisaM cayanti dumaM jahA khINaphalaM va pakkhI / / -u0 13.31. ime ya baddhA phandanti mama htthjjmaagyaa| -u0 14.45. 2. imaM sarIraM aNiccaM asuI asui saMbhavaM / . asAsayAvAsamiNaM dukkha kesANa bhAyaNaM / / - u0 16.13. tathA dekhie-u0 1668; 10.3. khaNamittasukkhA vahukAladukkhA pagAmadukkhA aNigAmasukkhA / saMsAra mokkhassa vipakkhabhUyA khANI aNatthANa u kaambhogaa| -u0 14.13 3. hiMse vAle musAvAI mAille pisaNe saDhe / bhuMjamANo suraM maMsa seyameyaM ti mannaI / / -u0 5.6. tathA dekhie-305.5-8; 6.51; 13.17; 14.5. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 139 prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra kAraNabhUta 'karmamaloM kA saMcaya karate haiM / aisI sthiti meM unakI dhana-dhAnyAdi se sampanna kSatriyarAjA kI taraha bhogoM se nivRtti nahIM hotI hai / bArambAra pratibodhita karane para bhI unakI pravRtti usa ora se usI prakAra nahIM mur3atI hai jisa prakAra kIcar3a meM phaMsA huA hAthI tIra pradeza ko dekhakara bhI nahIM nikala pAtA hai / 3 citta-muni ke dvArA brahmadatta cakravartI bArambAra pratibodhita kie jAne para bhI viSayoM se virakta nahIM hotA hai aura anta meM sAtaveM naraka meM jAtA hai / isIlie grantha meM saMsAra ko pAzarUpa tathA samudra kI taraha vizAla evaM dustara batalAyA gayA hai jahAM se nikalanA bar3A kaThina hai / cAra dRSTAnta - viSayAsakta puruSoM ko pratibodhita karane ke lie grantha meM cAra dRSTAnta die gae haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. kAyasA vayasA matte vitte giddhe ya itthisu / duhuo malaM saMciNai sisuNA govva maTTiyaM // 2. na nivijjanti saMsAre savvaTThe va khattiyA / 3. nAgo jahA paMka jalAvasanno daThThe thalaM nAbhisamei tIraM / --u0 13.30. sAhusa tassa va akAuM // aNuttare bhuMjiya kAmabhoge / attare sonara paviTTho // tathA dekhie - u0 13.14, 27, 33, 16.26; 8.6. 4. paMcAla yA viya bambhadatto / 5. pAsa jAipa bahU | - u0 13.34. --u0 5.10. - u0 6.2. tiNNo hasi aNNavaM mahaM / - u0 3.5. - u0 10.34. tathA dekhie - u0 4.7; 5.1; 6.2; 8.10; 16.11; 21.24; 22.39; 23.73; 25.40. 6. u0 7.1-24. For Personal & Private Use Only

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140 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 1. bakarA-jisa prakAra bAhara se Ane vAle priya atithi ke bhojana ke nimitta koI bakarA apane mAlika dvArA vividha prakAra ke pakvAnnoM se pAlA-posA jAtA hai aura phira usake hRSTapuSTa ho jAne para tathA atithi ke A jAne para use mAra DAlA jAtA hai, usI prakAra viSayAsakta jIva bhI mRtyurUpI atithi ke AjAne para mRtyU ko prApta karake duHkhoM ko jhelate haiN| 2. kAkiNI ( sabase choTA sikkA )- jaise eka kAkiNI ke lobha se koI jIva hajAroM mudrAe~ kho dete haiM vaise hI thoDe se kSaNika-sukha ke pIche manuSya sahasraguNe adhika sukhoM ko kho dete haiN| 3. Amraphala-bhakSaNa-jaise koI rAjA cikitsaka dvArA bArambAra manA kie jAne para bhI alpamAtra svAda ke lobha se Amraphala khAkara mara jAtA hai vaise hI thor3e se svAda ke lobha se jIva apane bahamUlya jIvana ko kho dete haiN| 4. tIna vyApArIjaise koI tIna vyApArI vyApAra ke nimitta videza meM jAkara dhana kamAte haiN| unameM se eka mUladhana ko sarakSita lekara, dUsarA mUladhana meM vaddhi karake aura tIsarA mUladhana ko vinaSTa karake lauTatA hai| usI prakAra yaha jIva bhI manuSyajanmarUpI mUladhana ko lekara caturgatirUpa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai| yadi mUladhana meM vRddhi karatA hai to svargagati meM jAtA hai aura yadi mUladhana kA vinAza karatA hai to tiryaJca yA narakagati meM jAtA hai| . uparyukta cAra dRSTAntoM ko samajhane ke bAda bhI yadi koI samyaka AcaraNa na karake viSayoM meM hI Asakta rahatA hai to vaha karuNAyogya, lajjAlu, dIna aura aprIti kA pAtra hotA hai|' isa prakAra anya bhAratIya dhArmika-granthoM kI taraha prakRta-grantha meM bhI saMsAra ko duHkhoM se pUrNa citrita kiyA gayA hai| isameM jo sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai vaha kAlpanika evaM kSaNika hai / bhagavAn 1. AvajjaI evamaNegarUve evaM vihe kAmaguNesu stto| anne ya eyappabhave visese kAruNNadINe hiriye vaisse / / -u0 32.103. 2. manusmRti 4.160; bhartRhari-vairAgyazataka / For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 141 prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra buddhaM ne bhI apane cAra AryasatyoM meM prathama satya 'saMsAra kI duHkharUpatA' ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai|' duHkharUpa saMsAra kI kAraNa-kArya-paramparA : ___ uparyukta vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki isa saMsAra meM duHkha hI satya hai| isameM jo sUkhAnubhati hotI hai vaha mAnasika, kSaNika, kalpanAprasUta yA AbhAsamAtra hai| cUMki binA kAraNa ke kArya nahIM ho sakatA hai ataH ina duHkhoM kA bhI kAraNa avazya honA caahie| ina duHkhoM ke kAraNoM para vicAra karate hae grantha meM vibhinna prakAra se isakI kAraNa-kAryazRMkhalA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai jisake pratipAdana meM vibhinnatA hone para bhI eka ikAI aura sAmaJjasya hai / vaha kAraNa-kArya-paramparA isa prakAra hai : ___ janma-maraNa-saMsAra meM jo duHkha haiM unakA kAraNa hai-janma-maraNa ko prApta honA / 2 yadi jIva kA janma na ho to rogAdijanya pIr3A bhI na ho kyoMki janma hone para duHkha evaM mRtyu Adi avazyaMbhAvI haiN| ataH grantha meM rogAdijanya duHkha ke samAna janma ko bhI duHkharUpa kahA gayA hai| __zubhAzubha-karmabandhana-isa janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra kA bhI kAraNa hai-vyakti ke dvArA kiyA gayA zubhAzubha-karma (adRzya-bhAgya) / " jaba jIva ahiMsA, dayA, dAna Adi acche kArya karatA hai to puNya ke prabhAva se svargAdi meM janma letA hai| jaba hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi 1..dekhie-prakaraNa 3. 2. rAgo ya doso vi ya kammavIyaM kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vayaMti / - kammaM ca jAI maraNassa mUlaM dukkhaM ca jAImaraNaM vayaMti / -u0 32.7. 3. dekhie-pR0 134, pA0 Ti0 4. 4. dekhie-pR0 141, pA0 Ti0 2; -u0 3.2, 5-6; 4.2; 7.8-6; 10.15; 13. 16-20; 14.2, 16; 18.25; 16.16-20,22,56,58, 20.47; 21.24; 25.41; 32.33, 33.1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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142 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana khoTe kArya karatA hai to pApakarma ke prabhAva se narakAdi meM janma letA hai| durAtmA ke viSaya meM grantha meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha kaNTha kA chedana karane vAle zatra kI apekSA bhI apanA adhika aniSTa karatA hai| isakA jJAna use taba hotA hai jaba vaha mRtyu ke samIpa pahu~cakara pazcAttApa se dagdha hotA hai|' yaha avazya hai ki puNyakarma ke prabhAva se sAMsArika sukha-suvidhAe~ prApta hotI haiM parantu janma-maraNa ke prati donoM (pApa-puNya) kI kAraNatA samAna hai| manojJAmanojJa viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa-buddhi-karmabandhana kyoM hotA hai ? isakA kAraNa hai- manojJa (priya) vastu meM rAga (mamatva-Asakti) aura amanojJa (apriya) vastu meM dveSa-buddhi kA honaa| jaba jIva kisI vastu meM rAga yA dveSa karatA hai to vaha apane rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa duHkhoM ko prApta karatA hai| isa taraha rAga-dveSa sAkSAt duHkha ke kAraNa hokara bhI karmabandha ke kAraNa haiM kyoMki rAgadveSa ke kAraNa hI jIva hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi pApa-kriyAoM tathA dayA, dAna Adi 1. na taM arI kaMThachettA karei jaM se kare appaNiyA durappA / se nAhiI maccu muhaM tu patte pacchANutAveNa dyaavihuunno|| -u0 20.48 tathA dekhie-u0 7.6. 2. dekhie-pR0 141, pA0 Ti0 2.; u0 4.12-13; 8.2; 26.62 71; 30.1,4; 31.3; 32.6,16,25-30, 32-33, 38-39, 41,46, 5.1, 52,56, 64-65,72, 77-78, 85, 60-61, 68, 100-101. yahA~ para kahIM rAga-dveSa ko pRthak-pRthak, kahIM eka sAtha, kahIM mohAdi ke sAtha karma kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM rAga-dveSa ko sAkSAt saMsAra yA duHkha kA bhI hetu batalAyA gayA hai| 3. rUvesu jo giddhimuvei tivvaM akAliyaM pAvai se viNAsaM / rAgAure se jaha vA payaMge aloyalole samuvei maccaM / / je yAvi dosaM samuvei tibvaM taMsi kkhaNe se u uvei dukkha / duddantadoseNa saeNa jantU na kiMci rUvaM avarajjhaI se| -u0 32.24.25. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 143 puNya-kriyAoM ko karatA hai / ina pApa aura puNya rUpa kriyAoM ke karane se kramazaH pApa aura puNya karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| yahA~ eka bAta dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki dveSa ke bhI mUla meM rAga hI kAraNarUpa se kArya karatA hai kyoMki amanojJa vastu meM jo dveSa hotA hai usake mUla meM bhI kisI na kisI ke prati rAga kI bhAvanA avazya rahatI hai| jisa vyakti ne kabhI kisI se rAga (prema) kiyA hI nahIM sirpha dveSa, krodha aura ghRNA hI karanA jAnatA hai use bhI apane krodhI-svabhAva se rAga avazya hai anyathA apanI icchA ke pratikala AcaraNa karane vAle se kabhI dveSa na kre| bhagavAna mahAvIra meM bhI kiyA gayA rAga puNya-karma ke bandha meM kAraNa hai| isIlie grantha meM gautama gaNadhara ko lakSya karake bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki he gautama ! mujhase mamatva mata kro|' aba prazna upasthita hotA hai ki rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa kyA hai ? kyA manojJa vastu rAga kA aura amanojJa vastu dveSa kA kAraNa hai ? isa viSaya meM grantha kA spaSTa mata hai ki yadyapi manojJa aura amanojJa vastu meM kramaza : rAga aura dveSa kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai parantu ye manojJAmanojJa viSaya rAgavAna vyakti ke lie hI kramazaH rAga aura dveSa ko utpanna karate haiM, vItarAgI ke lie ye na to rAga ko utpanna karate haiM aura na dveSa ko utpanna karate haiN| isa taraha rUpAdi viSaya na to rAgadveSa ko zAnta karate haiM aura na unakI utpatti ke kAraNa haiM apitu jo jIva una viSayoM meM rAga athavA dveSa karatA hai vaha hI svayaM ke rAga athavA dveSa ke kAraNa vikRti ko prApta hotA hai| isameM rUpAdi 1. vocchidaM siNehamappaNo kumuyaM sAraiyaM va pANiyaM / se savvasiNehavajjie samayaM goyama mA pamAyae / -u010.28. 2. cattaputtakalattassa nivvAvArassa bhikkhuNo / piyaM na vijjai kiMci appiyaM pi na vijjaI / egaMtaratte ruiraMsi rUve atAlise se kuNaI paosaM / dukkhassa saMpIlamuvei bAle na lippaI teNa muNI viraago|| -u0 32.26. For Personal & Private Use Only

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-144 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 1 viSayoM kA koI doSa nahIM hai / isIlie pravrajyA lete samaya namirAjarSi indra ke dvArA yaha kahane para ki 'ApakA antaHpura jala rahA hai' apane saMkalpa se vicalita nahIM hote haiM / yadi unake sthAna para koI rAgavAn puruSa hotA to avazya hI rAga ke kAraNa antaHpura kI rakSA Adi kA tathA dveSa ke kAraNa antaHpura meM Aga lagAne vAle daNDita karane Adi kA prayatna karatA / isake atirikta kauna-kauna se viSaya manojJa haiM aura kauna amanojJa haiM ? yaha kaha sakanA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki koI eka viSaya kisI ko manojJa lagatA hai aura dUsare ko vahI viSaya amanojJa tathA tIsare ko upekSaNIya | 3 ataH manojJAmanojJa viSaya kramazaH rAga aura dveSa ke kAraNa nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM / yadi aisA na mAnA jAegA to vItarAgI aura mukta jIvoM ko bhI rAgAdi kI utpatti hone lagegI kyoMki manojJAmanojJa viSaya unake bhI samakSa rahate haiM / isake atirikta vyaktikA karma karane ke viSaya meM jo svAtantrya hai vaha bhI samApta ho jAegA / ajJAna - jaba manojJa aura amanojJa viSaya kramazaH rAga evaM dveSa ke kAraNa nahIM haiM to phira rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa kyA hai ? isa 1. na kAmabhogA samayaM uveMti na yAvi bhogA vigaI uveMti / osIya pariggahI ya so tesu mohA vigaI uvei // - u0 32.101. yahA~ para manojJAmanojJa viSayoM ko jo rAgAdi kA ahetu batalAyA gayA hai vaha upAdAnakAraNa kI apekSA se hai kyoMki nimittakAraNatA unameM avazya vartamAna hai| yadi aisA na hotA to manojJAmanojJa viSayoM ke upasthita hone para rAgAdi vikAra utpanna na hote / isake atirikta grantha kA yaha kathana ki viSayabhoga viSaphala kI taraha haiM kaise saMgata hogA ? 2. u0 6.12-16. 3. jaise mRta SoDazI sundarI bAlA ko dekhakara koI kAmuka yuvaka rAgAbhibhUta hokara kahatA hai 'aho kitanI sundarI thI !', zatru dveSavaza kahatA hai 'acchA huA jo vaha mara gaI' parantu eka vItarAgI sAdhu saMsAra kI asAratA kA vicAra karatA huA upekSAbhAva rakhatA hai / isa taraha eka hI viSaya kAmuka vyakti ko manojJa, zatru ko amanojJa aura vItarAgI sAdhu ko upekSaNIya hotA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [145 viSaya meM grantha kA mata hai ki rAga kI utkaTa-avasthArUpa moha (mUrchAbhAva) hI rAgadveSa kA janaka hai|' yaha moha bhI ajJAnamUlaka rAga kI utkaTAvasthArUpa mUrchAbhAva se atirikta kucha nahIM hai| moha ke rAgAtmaka hone ke kAraNa grantha meM kahIM-kahIM rAga-dveSa ke sAtha moha ko bhI karmabandha evaM duHkha kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai|' isa moha ke ajJAnamUlaka hone se moha kA bhI mUla kAraNa ajJAna (avidyA) svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ataH grantha meM bhI kahA hai-'jo puruSa jJAna se vihIna haiM ve saba duHkhotpatti ke sthAnabhUta haiM tathA ve mUr3ha hokara ananta saMsAra meM bahuta bAra ( janma-maraNAdi se ) pIDita hote haiN| jo jJAnavAna haiM ve bandhana ke kAraNoM ko jAnakara satya kI khoja karate haiM aura saba jIvoM ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhate haiN|' tRSNA va lobha-ajJAna aura moha ke bIca meM jina do anya kAraNoM ko grantha meM batalAyA gayA hai unake kramazaH nAma haiM-tRSNA aura lobha / 1. amohaNe hoi niraMtarAe / -u0 32.106. tathA dekhie-pR0 141, pA0 Ti0 2; 146, pA0 Ti0 2; u0 5.26; 8.3; 14.20; 16.7; 21.16 Adi / 2. rAgaM ca dosaM ca taheva mohaM uddhattu kAmeNa samUlajAlaM / -u0 32.6. tathA dekhie-pR0 141, pA0 Ti0 2, pR0 145, pA0 Ti0 4. 3. jAvantavijjA purisA savve te dukkhasaMbhavA / luppanti bahuso mUDhA saMsArammi aNantae / samikkha paMDie tamhA pAsajAipahe bahU / / appaNA saccamesejjA meti bhUe su kappae / -u0 6.1-2. jahA vayaM dhammamajANamANA pAvaM purA kammamakAsi mohA / -u0 14.20. tathA dekhie-u0 28.20; 26.5-6,71 Adi / 4. dukkhaM hayaM jassa na hoi moho moho ho jassa na hoi taphA / taNhA hayA jassa na hoi loho loho ho jassa na kiNcnnaaii| -u0 32.8. For Personal & Private Use Only

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146 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana tRSNA aura lobha ye donoM vAstava meM rAgAtmaka moha kI hI vibhinna avasthAe~ haiN| tRSNA ko bhayaMkara phala dene vAlI latA kahA gayA hai|' isake atirikta moha aura tRSNA meM bIjAGkura kA sambandha bhI batalAyA gayA hai-'jisa prakAra balAkA pakSI kI utpatti aMDe se aura aMDe kI utpatti balAkA se hotI hai usI prakAra moha kI utpatti tRSNA se aura tRSNA kI utpatti moha se hotI hai|'2 isa taraha yadyapi moha aura tRSNA meM bIjAkura kI taraha sambandha batalAyA gayA hai parantu isake Age grantha meM hI likhA hai-jise moha nahIM usane duHkha kA anta kara diyaa| jise tRSNA nahIM usane moha kA anta kara diyaa| jise lobha nahIM usane tRSNA ko naSTa kara diyA aura jisake pAsa koI saMpatti nahIM (akiJcana) usane lobha kA bhI anta kara diyaa| yahA~ moha kA kAraNa tRSNA batalAkara tRSNA kA bhI kAraNa lobha batalAyA gayA hai| isa lobha ke na rahane para tRSNAdi kI paramparA TUTa jAtI hai| isa lobha kA vinAza akiJcanabhAva ( tyAga, samatA Adi guNoM ) se hotA hai| yahA~ akiJcanabhAva lobha kA kAraNa nahIM hai apitu lobhatyAga se akiJcanabhAva kI prApti hotI hai| isa akiJcana bhAva kI prApti jJAna se hotI hai aura ajJAna se lobhAdi meM pravRtti / isa taraha ajJAna hI saba prakAra ke du:khoM kA mUla kAraNa hai| ajJAna ke dUra hote hI mohAdi kI zRMkhalA TUTa jAtI hai aura taba jIva janmamaraNa ke cakra se chuTakArA pAkara jIvanmukta ho jAtA hai| isa taraha duHkhoM ke kAraNabhUta saMsAra kI jo kAraNakAryazRMkhalA batalAI gaI hai vaha nimna prakAra hai : ajJAna-lobha-tRSNA-moha - rAga-dveSa -karmabandhana -janmamaraNarUpa saMsAra-duHkha / 1. bhavataNhA layA vuttA bhImA bhiimphlodyaa| -~-u0 23.48. 2. jahA ya aMDappabhavA balAgA aMDaM balAgappabhavaM jahA ya / emeva mohAyayaNaM khu taNhA mohaM ca taNhAyayaNaM vayaMti // -u0 32.6. 3. dekhie-pR0 145, pA0 Ti0 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 147 ajJAna se lobha, lobha se tRSNA, tRSNA se moha, moha se rAgadveSa, rAgadveSa se zubhAzubha karmabandhana, zubhAzubha karmabandhana se janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra, janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra se duHkha / isa taraha isa kAraNakAryazRMkhalA ke mUla meM ajJAna hai jisase jIva hitAhita kA viveka nahIM kara pAtA hai aura rAgAdi ke vazIbhUta hokara saMsAra ke viSayabhogoM meM lipta rahatA hai| isa ajJAna ke dUra ho jAne para saMsAra ke viSayoM se Asakti haTa jAtI hai aura du:khoM kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai / yaha jJAna pustakIya-jJAna mAtra nahIM hai apitu isa kAraNakAryazRM. khalArUpa satyajJAna kA Atma-sAkSAtkAra Avazyaka hai| jaba taka isa satya kA vAstavika jJAna nahIM hogA taba taka saMsAra ke viSayoM se rAgabuddhi haTa nahIM sakatI hai| isIlie brahmadatta cakravartI saMsAra kI asArato ko jAnakara bhI saMsAra ke viSayoM se virakta nahIM ho pAtA hai|' isa taraha ajJAna hI vaha mUla kAraNa hai jisase mohAdirUpa anya kAraNoM kI utpatti hotI hai aura taba ananta du:khoM se pUrNa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa / kama-bandha ____ janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra paribhramaNa meM karmabandha kA vizeSa mahattva hai kyoMki jaba taka jIva ke sAtha karma kA bandhana rahatA hai taba taka vaha saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai aura jaba vaha karma ke bandhana se chaTakArA prApta kara letA hai to caturgatirUpa saMsAra-paribhramaNa se bhI mukta ho jAtA hai| ataH jIva ke sAtha honevAle karmabandha kA vicAra Avazyaka hai| karmabandha zabda kA artha : _ 'karmabandha' zabda meM do zabda haiM-karma aura bandhana / 'karma' zabda se sAdhAraNatayA kriyA, pravRtti yA kArya kA bodha hotA hai tathA 'bandhana' zabda se do viziSTa padArthoM ke sambandha-vizeSa kA bodha hotA hai| isa taraha karmabandha kA sAmAnya artha huA jIva ke dvArA 1. u0 13.27-30. For Personal & Private Use Only

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148 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana / kI gaI mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti se karma-paramANuoM (kArmaNavargaNArUpI acetana padgala dravyavizeSa ) kA dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha jIva ke Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha ekakSetrAvagAhI (sambandha) honaa| yadyapi isa taraha jIva kI pratyeka kriyA kA nimitta pAkara karmaparamANuoM kA AtmA ke sAtha bandha ho sakatA hai parantu prakRta. grantha meM pratyeka kriyA ke nimitta se karmabandha svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai apitu saMsAra-paribhramaNa meM kAraNabhUta rAgadveSa ke nimitta se honevAlI mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA hI jIva ke sAtha karmaparamANuoM kA bandha karAtI hai| jina kriyAoM meM rAgadveSa kI nimittakAraNatA nahIM hai ve bhI yadyapi karma haiM parantu ve jIva ke sAtha bandha ko prApta nahIM hote haiN| isa viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie grantha meM eka dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai : jisa prakAra kisI dIvAla para eka sAtha miTTI ke do Dhele (Ardra aura zuSka) pheMkane para donoM Dhele usa dIvAla taka pahu~cate to avazya haiM parantu unameM se jo Ardra DhelA hotA hai vaha dIvAla se cipaka jAtA hai aura jo zuSka DhelA hotA hai vaha dIvAla se cipakatA nahIM hai| usI prakAra jo jIva kAma-bhogoM kI lAlasA ( rAgadveSa kI bhAvanA) se yukta haiM unake sAtha karma-paramANuoM kA bandha ho jAtA hai aura jo vItarAgI haiM unake sAtha karmaparamANaoM kA bandha nahIM hotA hai| ataH jo bhogoM kI lAlasA se yukta hote haiM ve karmabandha ke kAraNa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate haiM aura jo bhogoM kI lAlasA se rahita haiM ve karmabandhana se mukta ho jAte haiN|' 1. uvalevo hoi bhogesu abhogI novalippaI / bhogI bhamaI saMsAre abhogI vippamuccaI // ullo sukkho ya do chUTA golayA mttttiyaamyaa| dovi AvaDiyA kuDDe jo ullo so stha laggaI / / evaM lagganti dummehA je narA kaamlaalsaa| virattA u na lagganti jahA se sukkagolae / -u0 2541-43. vizeSa-yadi isa dRSTAnta meM ArdratA aura zuSkatA miTTI ke DheloM kI apekSA dIvAla meM batalAI jAtI to adhika ucita hotaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 146 ataH grantha meM karmabandha se unhIM karmoM ko liyA gayA hai jo jIva ke rAgAdi bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara usase sambaddha ho jAte haiM aura jIva ko saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAte haiN|' isa taraha hamArI pratyeka mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyA (jise jainadarzana meM 'yoga' zabda se bhI kahA jAtA hai) se karma-paramANu jIva kI ora AkRSTa hote haiN| yadi usa samaya AtmA meM rAgAdibhAva hote haiM to karma-paramANu AtmA se cipaka jAte haiN| yadi usa samaya AtmA meM rAgAdibhAva nahIM hote haiM to karma-paramANu AtmA ke pAsa Akara ke bhI alaga ho jAte haiN| isa taraha jIva kI pratyeka kriyA se saJcalana ko prApta hone ke bAda karma-paramANuoM kI nimna tIna avasthAe~ hotI haiM : 1. jo karmaparamANu jIva ke rAgAdi bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara AtmA se baddha ho jAte haiM aura saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karAte haiN| inheM 'sakriya baddha-karma' kahA jA sakatA hai| * 2. jo karma-paramANa jIva ke rAgAdi bhAvoM se rahita kevala mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRttirUpa nimitta se AtmA ke pAsa Akara usase na to baddha hote haiM aura na apanA koI prabhAva AtmA para chor3ate haiM / inheM 'niSkriya abaddha-karma' kahA jA sakatA hai| 3. jo karmaparamANu jIva ke rAgAdi bhAvoM se rahita mana-vacanakAya kI satpravRtti (sadAcAra) ke nimitta se AtmA ke pAsa Akara pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karate haiN| grantha meM isa prakAra ke karma ko durgati meM na le jAne vAlA kahA hai| inheM 'sakriya abaddha-karma' kahA jA sakatA hai| 1. aTTha kammAiM vocchAmi ANupuvviM jahAkama / jehiM baddho ayaM jIvo saMsAre parivaTTaI // -u0 33.1. 2. kiM nAma hojjataM kammayaM jeNAhaM duggaiM na gcchejjaa| -u0 5.1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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150 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana ina tIna prakAra kI karma kI avasthAoM meM se tIsarI avasthAvAle karmoM kA Age vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| dUsarI avasthAvA karmoM kA prakRta meM koI upayoga nahIM hai / ataH kevala prathama avasthAvAle karmoM kA hI vicAra yahA~ prastuta hai / pahale jo karma kI paribhASA dI gaI hai vaha bhI prathama prakAra ke karmoM kI avasthA ko hI dRSTi meM rakhakara dI gaI hai kyoMki grantha meM jo bhI karmabandha ke sambandha meM varNana milatA hai vaha isI avasthAvAle karmoM se samba ndhita hai / isIlie grantha meM karma ko karmagranthi ', karma kaJcuka 2, karma'raja', karmaguru, karmavana " Adi zabdoM se kahA gayA hai / viSamatA kA kAraNa - karmabandha : iSTakA saMyoga, aniSTa kA viyoga, sukha yA duHkha kI anubhUti, svarga yA naraka kI prApti, jJAna va ajJAna kA Adhipatya Adi jIva ke kie hue karmoM ke prabhAva se hote haiM / dekhate hI dekhate rAjA bhikhArI bana jAtA hai aura bhikhArI rAjA bana jAtA hai / eka AdamI dina - bhara kaThora parizrama karane ke vAvajUda kucha nahIM prApta kara pAtA hai aura dUsarA AdamI ghara baiThe hI baiThe apAra sampatti ko prApta kara letA hai / isameM kyA kAraNa hai ? isakA kAraNa hai hamAre dvArA 1. aTThavihakammaTha nijjarei / ahissa kammassa kammagaMThivimoyaNAe / 2. tavanArAyajutteNa bhettUNa kammakaMcuyaM / -- u0 26.31. vihuhi rayaM pure ka 4. tao kammagurU jantU / 3. tavassI vIriyaM laddhaM saMbuDe niddhaNe rayaM / - u0 26.71. - u0 6.22. """" - u0 3.11. - u0 10.3. - u0 7. 6. 5. kAmabhoge pariccajja pahANe kammamahAvaNaM / -u0 18.46. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 151 kie gae (pUrvabaddha) karma jo AtmA ke sAtha baddha hokara sukha-duHkha Adi kA anubhava karAte haiM / ' ye karma eka sacce nyAyAdhIza kI taraha jIva kI pratyeka kAryavAhI ko likhate se jAte haiM aura tadanusAra inakA phala bhI dete haiM kyoMki ye karma satya haiN| ataH ye jisa rUpa meM kie jAte haiM usI rUpa meM usakA phala bhI avazya dete haiN| karmoM kA phala bhoge binA kisI ko chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA hai| yadi acche karma karate haiM to sukharUpa acchA phala milatA hai| yadi bure karma karate haiM to duHkharUpa burA phala milatA hai| ina karmoM ke anusAra hI agale bhava meM zreSTha athavA nimna kula-gotra-zarIraracanA Adi kI prApti hotI hai| marane ke bAda paraloka meM bhI sAtha dene vAlA yadi koI hai to vaha hai jIva ke dvArA kiyA gayA zubhAzubha karma / ataH grantha meM likhA hai-bhAI, bandha Adi na to kisI ke karma ke bhAgIdAra bana sakate haiM aura na karma se usako chuTakArA dilA sakate haiM kyoMki karma kartA kA hI anugamana karatA hai|5 para ke lie bhI kiyA gayA karma kartA (karmakartA) ke 1. ihaM tu kammAI purekaDAI / / -u0 13.16. kammA niyANappagaDA tume rAya vicintiyA / tesiM phalavivAgeNa vippaogamuvAgayA // -u0 13.8. 2. kammasaccA hu paanninno| -u0 7.20. savvaM suciNNaM saphalaM narANaM / kaDANa kammANa na mokkha asthi / -~-u0 13.10. .. 3. zubhakarmoM ke zubhaphala ke lie dekhie-u0 13 10-11; 16.21 22; 20.33; 26.23 Adi / azubhakarmoM ke azubhaphala ke lie dekhie- u0 3.5; 5.13; 18. 25; 16.16-20, 58; 21.6; 26 32; 30 6 Adi / 4. u0 3 3; 14 1-2 Adi / 5. na tassa dukkhaM vibhayanti nAio na mittavaggA na suyA na bandhavA / - ekko sayaM paccaNuhoi dukkhaM kattArameva aNujAi kammaM // For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana dvArA hI bhoktavya hai / jisa prakAra sendha lagAte hue raMge hAthoM pakar3A gayA cora nahIM baca sakatA hai usI prakAra ina kama se chUTanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / samrATa brahmadatta cakravartI tathA devatA Adi jaba ina karmoM kA phala bhoge binA nahIM baca sakate haiM to phira anya sAmAnya jIva inakA phala bhoge binA kaise baca sakate haiM ? hama jo aisA vyavahAra karate haiM ki hamAre mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bandhu vagairaha hamArI rakSA karate haiM tathA hamAre lie sukha-sAdhanoM ko juTAte haiM, yaha bhI pUrvabhava ke apane-apane karmoM kA hI phala hai / ataH hamAre sukha-duHkha Adi meM mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bandhu Adi sirpha nimittakAraNa haiM, upAdAnakAraNa to hamAre pUrvabaddha karma hI haiM / nimittakAraNa karmoM ke anusAra apane Apa mila jAte haiM / isa taraha jIva meM jo bhI choTI se choTI evaM bar3I se bar3I kriyA yA sukhaduHkha kI anubhUti dRSTigocara hotI hai vaha saba apane-apane pUrvabaddha karmoM ke prabhAva se hai / ataH grantha meM sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ko apane-apane karmo se pacyamAna kahA gayA hai / 3 ceccA dupayaM ca cauppayaM ca khettaM gihaM dhaNadhannaM ca savvaM / sammabIo avaso payAi paraM bhavaM sundarapAvagaM vA / - u0 13.23-24. tathA dekhie - pR0 133, pA0 Ti0 2. 1. saMsAramAvanna parassa aTThA sAhAraNaM jaM ca karei kammaM / kammassa te tassa u veyakAle na baMdhavA baMdhavayaM uveMti / - u0 4.4, 2. teNe jahA saMdhimuhe gahIe sakammuNA kiccai pAvakArI | evaM payA pecca ihaM ca loe kaDANa kammANa na mukkha asthi // tathA dekhie - pR0 151, pA0 Ti0 2. 3. thAvaraM jaMgamaM ceva dhaNaM ghaNNaM uvakkharaM / paccamANassa kammehiM nAlaM dukkhAu moyaNe || - u0 6.6. For Personal & Private Use Only - u0 4.3.

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [153 karma-siddhAnta bhAgyavAda nahIM : isa karma-siddhAnta se yadyapi bhAgyavAda yA anivAryatAvAda kI puSTi hotI hai parantu yahA~ para yaha iSTa nahIM hai kyoMki jIva ko acchA yA burA karma karane meM pUrNa svatantra mAnA gayA hai| yaha avazya hai ki kie hue karmoM kA phala bhoganA jIva ke svAtantrya para nirbhara nahIM hai kyoMki karma karane para unakA phala bhoganA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| aisI sthiti hone para bhI yadi jIva puruSArtha kare to apane pUrvabaddha karmoM ko pRthak kara sakatA hai| ata: isa karma-siddhAnta ko 'bhAgyavAda' kahane kI apekSA 'puruSArthavAda' kahanA adhika upayukta hai| 'jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI', 'jo jasa karahi so tasa phala cAkhA', 'As you sow, so you reap' Adi pracalita muhAvaroM se isa karma-siddhAnta ko acchI taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai| karmoM ke pramukha bheda-prabheda : karma jaba AtmA ke sAtha bandha ko prApta hote haiM to ve mukhyarUpa se ATha rUpoM meM parivartita ho jAte haiN| ye karmoM kI ATha avasthAe~ hI karmoM ke pramukha ATha bheda kahe gae haiN| grantha meM inheM mUla karmaprakRti tathA inake avAntara bhedoM ko uttara karmaprakRti kahA gayA hai| prakRti kA artha hai-bastu kA svabhAva / ataH bandha ko prApta hone vAle karma-paramANaoM meM aneka prakAra ke pariNAmoM ko utpanna karane vAlI svAbhAvika zaktiyoM kA par3anA prakRtibandha hai| una mUla ATha karmoM yA karmaprakRtiyoM ke kArya evaM nAma nimnokta haiM :2 ... 1. AtmA ke jJAna guNa kA pratibandhaka (jJAnAvaraNIya , 2. sAmAnyabodha yA Atmabodha kA pratibandhaka ( darzanAvaraNIya), 3. sukha-du:kha kA anubhava karAne vAlA (vedanIya), 4. moha yA 1. eyAo mUlapayaDIo uttarAo ya AhiyA / -u0 33.16. 2. nANasAvaraNijja"advaiva u smaaso| -u0 33.2-3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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154 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana mUr3hatA ko utpanna karane vAlA ( mohanIya), 5. jIvana kI sthiti kA mApaka ( Ayu ), 6. zarIra kI racanA Adi meM nimittakAraNa ( nAma ), 7. ucca yA nIca kulAdi kI prApti meM kAraNa (gotra) aura 8. AtmA kI vIryAdi zaktiyoM kA pratibandhaka ( antarAya) | ina ATha prakAra ke karmoM meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra karma jIva ke jJAnAdi anujIvI guNoM ko ghAtane ( prakaTa na hone dene) ke kAraNa 'ghAtiyA' kahe jAte haiM / inake viSTa hone para jIva ke zeSa anya cAra karma Ayu ke pUrNa hote. para svata: naSTa ho jAte haiM kyoMki aghAtiyA karmoM ke prabhAva se jIva ke svAbhAvika jJAna Adi guNoM ke prakaTa hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM par3atI hai / ata: inheM - zeSa Ayu Adi cAra karmoM ko 'aghAtiyA ' kahA gayA hai / grantha meM isIlie cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ke vinaSTa hone para jIva ko jIvanmukta mAna liyA gayA hai kyoMki zeSa cAra aghAtiyA karma Ayu ke pUrNa hone para eka sAtha binA vizeSa prayatna ke naSTa ho jAte haiM / " aba kramaza. AThoM karmoM ke svarUpAdi kA varNana kiyA jAegA / 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma - jo AtmA meM rahane vAle jJAnaguNa ko prakaTa na hone deve use jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiM / jJAna ke mukhya pA~ca prakAroM ke AdhAra para jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke bhI pA~ca avAntara bheda batalAe gae haiM / ina avAntara bhedoM ( uttara- prakRtiyoM ) ke kramazaH nAma ye haiM 1. zrutajJAnAvaraNa - zAstrajJAna kA Avaraka 2. AbhinibodhikajJAnAvaraNa' ( matijJAnAvaraNa ) - indriyajanya jJAna kA Ava1. satyajogapaDivanne ya NaM aNagAre anaMtaghAipajjave khavei / - u0 29.7. veNijjaM AuyaM nAmaM gottaM ca ee cattAri kammaMse jugavaM khavei / - u0 26.72. tathA dekhie - u0 29.41,58,61,32.106 Adi / 2. u0 33.4. 3. vyAkhyAprajJapti, sthAnAGga, tattvArthasUtra Adi anya jaina granthoM meM zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke pahale AbhinibodhikajJAnAvaraNa ( matijJAnAvaraNa) kA ullekha milatA hai / jaise - matizrutAvadhimanaH paryaya kevalAnAm / - ta0 sU0 8.6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 155 raka, 3. avadhijJAnAvaraNa-indriyAdi kI sahAyatA ke binA hone vAle rUpI acetana viSayaka (sImita padArtho ke) yaugika pratyakSa jJAna kA Avaraka, 4. manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa-indriyAdi kI sahAyatA ke binA dUsare ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane vAle jJAna kA Avaraka' aura 5. kevalajJAnAvaraNa- indriyAdi kI sahAyatA ke vinA trikAlavartI samasta padArthoM kI samasta avasthAoM (paryAyoM) ke jJAna kA Avaraka / 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma-jo padArthoM ke sAmAnyajJAna yA AtmabodharUpa darzana guNa ko prakaTa na hone deve use darzanAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| isake nava avAntara bheda ginAe gae haiN| inameM prathama pA~ca bheda nidrA se sambandhita haiM tathA zeSa cAra darzanasambandhI haiM : 3 1. nidrA-jisa karma ke prabhAva se jIva ko sAmAnya nidrA Ae, 1. manaHparyAyajJAna ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jaina zvetAmbaroM meM do parampa rAeM dekhI jAtI haiM : ka. mana.paryAyajJAna parakIya mana se cintyamAna arthoM ko jAnatA hai| kha. manaHparyAyajJAna cintanavyApRta manodravya kI paryAyoM ko sAkSAt jAnatA hai aura cintyamAna padArtha to pIche se anumAna ke dvArA jAne jAte haiM kyoMki cintyamAna padArtha mUrta kI taraha amUrta bhI ho sakate haiM jinheM manaHparyAyajJAna viSaya nahIM kara sakatA hai| pahalI paramparA kA digdarzana hameM Avazyakaniyukti (gAthA 76) tathA tattvArthAdhigamabhASya (1.26) meM hotA hai| dUsarI paramparA kA ullekha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (gAthA 814) meM huA hai / zvetAmbara AcArya hemacandra dvitIya paramparA kA tathA sabhI digambara jaina AcArya prathama paramparA kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| dekhie -pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNAni, pR0 37-38. 2. yAkobI (se0 bu0 I0, bhAga-45, pR0 192-163) ne zabda-sAmya ke bhrama se isakA 'satya zraddhA kA pratibandhaka' artha kiyA hai| yAkobI kA yaha artha vastutaH darzanamohanIya kA artha hai, na ki darzanAvaraNIya karma kaa| isI prakAra cakSurdarzana ke artha meM bhI unheM bhrama huA hai| 3. u0 33.5-6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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156 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 2. nidrA - nidrA 1 - jisa karma ke prabhAva se jIva ko gAr3ha nidrA Ae ( aisI nidrA vAlA vyakti halAne para bhI kaThinatA se jAgatA hai ), 3. pracalA - jisa karma ke prabhAva se khar3e-khar3e yA baiThe-baiThe bhI kucha-kucha nidrA AtI rahe, 4. pracalApracalA - jisa karma ke prabhAva se calate-phirate bhI nIMda A jAe, 5. styAnagRddhi - jisa karma ke prabhAva se dina meM athavA rAtri meM sote hue hI svapna meM kAryoM ko kara DAle, 6. cakSudarzanAvaraNa- cakSu indriya se hone vAle darzanaguNa kA pratibandhaka, 7 acakSurdarzanAvaraNa - cakSu se itara indriyoM ke dvArA honevAle darzanaguNa meM pratibandhaka, 8. avadhidarzanAvaraNa- indri yAdi ke binA rUpI acetana padArthoM ke viSaya meM hone vAle AtmA ke darzanaguNa meM pratibandhaka aura 8. kevaladarzanAvaraNa - indriyAdi trikAlavartI sampUrNa padArtho ke yugapat darzana meM pratibandhaka / jJAna ke pUrva kI avasthA darzana kahalAtI hai / yadyapi darzanAvaraNIya karma ke cAra hI pramukha avAntara bheda haiM parantu nidrAdi ke pA~ca bhedoM ko milA dene se nava bheda ho jAte haiM / nidrAdi ke pramAdarUpa hone se unheM bhI darzana meM pratibandhaka mAnA gayA hai / pA~ca prakAra kI nidrAoM meM styAnagRddhi nidrA sabase kharAba hai / 1 3. vedanIya karma - jisa karma ke prabhAva se sukha yA duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai| sukha aura duHkharUpa anubhUti hone ke kAraNa 9. yadyapi uttarAdhyayana meM 'nidrAnidrA' kA ullekha 'pracalA' ke bAda kiyA gayA hai parantu uttarottara nidrA kI tIvratA kI dRSTi se maiMne pracalA ke pUrva kathana kiyA hai / tattvArtha sUtra Adi jaina granthoM meM bhI nidrAoM kA yahI krama milatA hai: cakSuracakSuradhikevalAnAM nidrA nidrAnidrA- pracalApracalApracalA - styAnagRddhayazca / - ta0 sU0 8.7. 2. yAkobI (se0 bu0 I0, bhAga-45, pR0 193 ) ne ' pracalA' kA vyutpattiparaka artha ( kriyA - Activity) kiyA hai / zvetAmbara - digambara paramparAgata artha ke lie dekhie - karmaprakRti, prastAvanA, pR0 23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 157 vedanIya ke do bheda kie gae haiM : 1. prANidayA va paropakArAdi se ba~dhane vAle sukharUpa sAtAvedanIya karma tathA 2. hiMsAdi se ba~dhane vAle duHkharUpa asAtAvedanIya karma / ina donoM ke anya kaI avAntara bhedoM kA grantha meM saMketa mAtra kiyA gayA hai| puNyarUpa aura pAparUpa jitane bhI karma saMbhava haiM ve saba isake avAntara bheda ho sakate haiN|2 AtmA kI svAnubhUti se utpanna hone vAlA sukha isa karma kA pariNAma nahIM hai kyoMki usa prakAra kA sukha AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai / ataH mukta jIvoM meM ananta sUkha kI sattA mAnakara bhI unameM vedanIya karma kA abhAva mAnA gayA hai| yadi aisA na mAnA jAegA to mukta jIvoM ko sukhAnubhUti nahIM hogii| vedanIya karma se jo sukhAnubhUti hotI hai vaha saMsAra ke rUpAdi viSayoM se utpanna hone vAlI hai| 4. mohanIya karma-jo heyopAdeyarUpa (sva-paravivekAtmaka) guNa ko prakaTa na hone deve / isa karma ke prabhAva se jIva viSayoM meM Asakta (mUcchita) rahatA hai aura use apanI mUrkhatA (mUr3hatA) kA patA nahIM rahatA hai / mohanIya karma saba karmoM meM pradhAna hai| isa karma ke dUra hote hI anya karma jaldI hI pRthaka ho jAte haiN| isI karma ke prabhAva se vastusthiti ko jAnate hue bhI jIva kI satya mArga meM pravatti nahIM hotI hai| brahmadatta cakravartI saMsAra kI asAratA jAnakara bhI isI karma ke prabhAva se viSayoM meM Asakta rahatA hai| isIlie duHkha ke kAraNoM kI paramparA meM rAgadveSa kA bhI mUla kAraNa moha mAnA gayA hai| tattvoM meM zraddhAna aura sadAcAra meM pravRtti na hone dene ke kAraNa isake pramukha do bheda kie gae haiM : 1. darzanamohanIya aura 1. veyaNIyaM pi ya duvihaM sAyamasAyaM ca AhiyaM / sAyassa u bahU bheyA emeva asAyassa vi // -u0 33.7. 2. dekhie-karmaprakRti, prastAvanA, pR0 25. grantha meM bhI asAtAveda nIyarUpa se krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhavedanIya kA ullekha milatA hai| -u0 26. 67-70. 3. u0 26.5-6,26,71. For Personal & Private Use Only

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158 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . 2. caaritrmohniiy| isake bAda darzanamohanIya ke tIna aura cAritramohanIya ke do bheda kie gae haiN|' darzanamohanIya aura cAritramohanIya ke svarUpAdi adholikhita haiM : ka. darzanamohanIya-yahA~ para jo 'darzana' zabda kA prayoga hai vaha zraddhAparaka hai / ataH isa karma kA udaya hone para jIva ko dharmAdi meM saccA zraddhAna nahIM hotA hai| isake jina tIna bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unake nAma ye haiM : 1. samyaktvamohanIya-caJcalatA Adi doSoM ke saMbhava hone para bhI tattvoM meM saccA zraddhAna honA, 2. mithyAtvamohanaSa-viparIta zraddhAna honA aura 3. samyaktvamithyAtvamohanIya-kucha samyaka va kucha mithyA zraddhAna honaa| ise mizra-mohanIya bhI kaha sakate haiN| isa vibhAjana meM samyak-zraddhAna rUpa samyaktvamohanIya ko bhI darzanamohanIya kA bheda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jabaki darzanamohanIya saccI zraddhA kA pratibandhaka hai| isase mAlama par3atA hai ki yahAM para saccI zraddhA mohAtmaka, dhuMdhalI tathA asthira hotI hogii| ataH kama-granthoM meM isakA lakSaNa karate hue likhA hai : jisake prabhAva se 'tattvazraddhA meM caJcalatA Adi doSoM kI saMbhAvanA ho kyoMki zuddha saccI zraddhA artha karane para usameM mohanIya-karmatA nahIM rhegii|2 moha jar3atA, 'avivekatA' kA nAma hai| ataH jo saccI zraddhA moha, aviveka Adi se yukta ho vaha samyaktva-darzanamohanIya hai| 3 . 1. mohaNijja pi duvihaM daMsaNe caraNe thaa| daMsaNe tivihaM duttaM caraNe duvihaM bhave // -u0 33.8. tathA dekhie-u0 33.6-10. 2. karmaprakRti, prastAvanA, pR0 23. 3. jaise kisI rUpalAvaNyavatI nAyikA ke rUpalAvaNya kA nikhAra usake svaccha aura ati mahIna vastroM meM se jhalakatA hai parantu vaha rUpalAvaNya ati zubhra va mahIna vastra se AcchAdita rahane ke kAraNa pUrNarUpa se pratibhAsita nahIM hotA hai| usI prakAra samyakttvadarzanamohanIya meM saccI zraddhA hone para bhI usapara mohanIya karma kA bahuta hI sUkSma pardA par3A rahatA hai jo sAmAnyatayA pratibhAsita nahIM hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 156 kha. cAritramohanIya - isa karma ke udaya se sadAcAra meM pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / sadAcAra meM mUr3hatA paidA karane vAle cAritramohanIya ke jina do bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unake nAma ye haiM: 1. kaSAya (krodhAdi manovikAra) aura 2. nokaSAya (ISat mnovikaar)| kaSAyamohanIya vaha hai jisake prabhAva se AtmA ke zAnta-nirvikAra svarUpa meM malinatA paidA ho| kaSAya ke krodha, abhimAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra pramukha bheda haiN| inameM se krodha aura abhimAna dveSarUpa haiM tathA mAyA aura lobha rAgarUpa haiN| krodhAdi cAra kaSAyoM meM saccAritra ko malina karane kI zakti kI tIvratA evaM mandatA ke AdhAra se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra bheda krane para kaSAyamohanIya ke solaha bheda ho jAte haiN| isake atirikta nokaSAyamohanIya bhI kiJcit mAnasika vikArarUpa hone ke kAraNa kaSAyarUpa hI hai / 2 inakI apanI kucha vizeSatA hone ke kAraNa inheM pRthak ginAyA gayA hai| nokaSAyamohanIya ke 1. kaSAyamohanIya ke 16 bheda nimnokta haiM: ka. cAra anantAnubandhI-krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha ( dIrghakAla-sthAyI tIvra krodhAdi karanA ) / kha. cAra apratyAkhyAnAvaraNI-krodha-mAna-mAyA loma ( anantAnu bandhI kI apekSA se kucha kama kAla sthAyI krodhAdi krnaa)| ga.. cAra pratyAkhyAnAvaraNI-krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha (apratyAkhyAnAva raNI kI apekSA kucha kama kAla sthAyI krodhAdi karanA) / gha. cAra saMjvalana-krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha (atyanta svalpakAla-syAyI krodhAdi karanA) / vizeSa-kaSAyamohanIya' ke ina 16 bhedoM ke cAra pramukha vibhAgoM meM cAritra ko malina karane kI zakti kramazaH kSINa hotI gaI hai| -u0 33.11 (TIkAe~). 2. kaSAyasahavartitvAt kaSAyapreraNAdapi / hAsyAdinavakasyoktA nokaSAyakaSAyatA / / - uddhRta, u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1534. For Personal & Private Use Only

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160 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana sAta yA nava bhedoM kA grantha meM ullekha milatA hai / inake nAma ye haiM: hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA ( ghRNA ) aura veda ( strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka liGga) | strIviSayaka mAnasika vikAra, puruSaviSayaka mAnasika vikAra tathA ubhayaviSayaka mAnasika vikAra ke bheda se veda ke tIna bheda karane para nokaSAya ke 6 bheda ho jAte haiM / ' 5. Ayu karma - jisa karma ke prabhAva se jIva ke jIvana kI (Ayu kI) avadhi nizcita hotI hai use Ayukarma kahate haiM / cAra gatiyoM ke AdhAra se isake bhI cAra bheda kie gae haiM: 2 1. narakAyu, 2. tiryaJcAyu, 3. manuSyAyu aura 4. devAyu / grantha meM sUtrArtha - cintana kA phala batalAte hue likhA hai ki sUtrArtha - cintana se jIva Ayu karma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM ke pragAr3ha bandhana ko zithila kara detA hai / isake atirikta yadi Ayukarma kA bandha karatA hai to vikalpa se karatA hai / 3 isase spaSTa hai ki Ayukarma zeSa sAta karmoM se kucha bhinnatA rakhatA hai / karma - siddhAnta pratipAdaka granthoM tathA uttarAdhyayana ke TIkA- granthoM Adi ke dekhane se patA calatA hai ki Ayukarma kA jIvana meM sirpha eka bAra bandha hotA hai jabaki anya karmoM kA bandha hamezA hotA rahatA hai / 4 1. solasavihabheeNaM kammaM tu kasAyajaM / sattavihaM navavihaM vA kammaM nokasAyajaM // kohaM ca mANaM ca tava mAyaM lohaM duguchaM araI rahUM ca / hAsaM bhayaM sogapumitthaveyaM napuMsaveyaM vivihe ya bhAve / / - u0 32. 102. 2. u0 33.12. 3. aNuppehAeNaM AuyavajjAo sattakammappagaDIo siDhibaMdhaNabaddhAo karei AuyaM ca NaM kammaM no baMdhai / - u0 33.11. - u0 26.22. 4. Ayu karma kA bandha sampUrNa Ayu kA tRtIya bhAga zeSa rahane para hotA hai / jaise kisI jIva kI Ayu 66 varSa kI hai to vaha 33 varSa kI Ayu ke zeSa rahane para hI agale bhava ke Ayu-karma kA bandha karegA / yadi usa samaya Ayu- karma ke bandha kA nimitta nahIM milegA to vaha For Personal & Private Use Only ghaNiyabaMdhaNabaddhAo siyA baMdhai, siyA

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 161 6. nAma karma-jo zarIra, indriya Adi kI samyak yA asamyaka racanA kA hetu hai use nAma-karma kahate haiN| isake zubha aura azubha ke bheda se prathamataH do bheda kie gae haiN| isake bAda pratyeka ke aneka bhedoM kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai|' 7. gotra kama-jisa karma ke prabhAva se ucca athavA nimna jAti, kula Adi kI prApti ho use gotrakarma kahate haiN| isake ucca aura nimna ye do bheda kie gae haiN| isake bAda pratyeka ke ATha-ATha bhedoM kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai / 2 8. antarAya karma-jisa karma ke prabhAva se sabhI kAraNoM ke anukUla maujUda rahane para bhI kArya siddhi nahIM hotI use antarAyakarma kahate haiM / isake 5 bheda batalAe gae haiM3-dAna, lAbha, bhoga jIva avaziSTa Ayu ke vibhAga meM (arthAta 11 varSa zeSa rahane para) Ayu-karma kA bandha kregaa| isa samaya punaH Ayu-karma ke bandha kA nimitta na milane para vaha jIva avaziSTa Ayu ke tribhAga (33 varSa) zeSa rahane para Ayu-karma kA bandha kregaa| isa taraha Ayu-karma ke bandha kA nimitta na milane para yaha krama Ayu ke antima kSaNa taka calatA rhegaa| viSa bhakSaNa Adi se akAla-mRtyu hone para jIva uparyakta niyama kA ullaMghana karake tatkSaNa hI Ayu karma kA bandha kara letA hai / sAmAnya avasthA meM uparyukta kramAnusAra hI Ayukarma kA bandha hotA hai| itanA avazya hai ki Ayu-karma kA bandha jIvana meM sirpha eka bAra hotA hai| Ayu-karma kA bandha hone para jIvana kI Ayu-sImA ghaTa-bar3ha sakatI hai parantu narakAdi caturvidharUpa se jo Ayu-karma kA bandha ho jAtA hai vaha bahu-prayatna karane para bhI nahIM TalatA hai| -dekhie-30 A0 TI0, pR0 1284.. 1. u0 33.13... ... ...... ... 1. goyaM kammaM duvihaM uccaM nIyaM ca AhiyaM / / ... ...... uccaM aTThavihaM hoi evaM nIyaM pi. AhiyaM / / - -u0 33. 14. gotra-karma ke ATha bheda haiM-jAti, kula, bala, tapa, aizvarya, zruta, lAbha aura rUpa / 3. 70 33.15. For Personal & Private Use Only

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162 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana (jo vastu eka bAra bhogI jA ske| jaise-phalAdi), upabhoga (jo vastu kaI bAra upayoga meM lAI jA ske| jaise-strI, vastra Adi) aura shkti| ataH dAnAdi karane kI abhilASA Adi ke vartamAna rahane para bhI dAnAdi na kara sakanA antarAya karma kA prabhAva hai| isa taraha ATha prakAra ke mUla karmoM kA tathA unake avAntara bhedoM kA granthAnusAra varNana kiyA gyaa| digambara aura zvetAmbara karma-granthoM meM yadyapi mUla-karma ke ATha bhedoM meM koI antara nahIM hai tathApi unake avAntara bhedoM ke vibhAjana aura svarUpa meM kucha antara avazya hai| isake atirikta karma-siddhAnta pratipAdaka granthoM meM mUla ATha karmoM ke svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie dRSTAnta tathA kramanirdhAraNa ke lie tarka die gae haiN| karmoM kI saMkhyA, kSetra, sthiti-kAla Adi : ina baMdhane vAle karmoM ke karma-paramANuoM kI saMkhyA saMsArI aura mukta sabhI jIvoM kI saMkhyA kI apekSA ananta hai / grantha meM jo karmoM kI saMkhyA siddha jIvoM kI apekSA hIna aura kabhI na mukta hone vAle abhavya jIvoM (granthikasattvAtIta) kI apekSA kaI guNI adhika batalAI hai vaha eka samaya meM baMdhane vAle karmoM kI saMkhyA kI apekSA 1. dekhie-karmaprakRti, prastAvanA, pR0 23-25.. 2.ka. ina karmoM ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM nimna dRSTAnta milate haiM-1. devatA ke mukha para par3e hue vastra kI taraha jJAna kA Avaraka jJAnAvaraNIya, 2. rAjadvAra para sthita pratihArI kI taraha darzana kA pratibandhaka darzanAvaraNIya, 3. madhulipta asidhArA kI taraha sukha-duHkha kA vedaka vedanIya, 4. madirApAna kI taraha hitAhita ke viveka kA pratibandhaka mohanIya, 5. zRGkhalAbandhana kI taraha jIvana kA mApaka Ayu, 6. citrakAra kI taraha nAnA prakAra se zarIra Adi kI racanA kA hetu nAma, 7. kumbhakAra ke choTe-bar3e bartanoM kI taraha ucca-nIca kula kA prApaka gotra aura 8. bhaNDArI yA koSAdhyakSa kI taraha dAnAdi kA pratibandhaka antarAya / dekhie-karmaprakRti, saMskRta -TIkA (1. 21), pR. 15. kha. AThoM karmoM ke krama ke lie dekhie-karma prakRti 1. 17-21. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra . [163 . se hai / ' karmoM kI saMkhyA kabhI bhI siddha jIvoM kI apekSA kama nahIM ho sakatI hai kyoMki ve kabhI na kabhI saMsAra meM karmabaddha avazya rahe / hoNge| jaba saMsAra-sthiti ke binA mukta jIvoM kI kalpanA nahIM kI gaI hai to phira karmoM kI saMkhyA siddha jIvoM kI apekSA kisI bhI taraha kama nahIM ho sakatI hai| isake atirikta jaba eka-eka jIva ke sAtha kaI-kaI karma-paramANu baMdhe hue haiM to phira unakI saMkhyA kama kaise ho sakatI hai ? eka samaya meM baMdhane vAle karmoM kI isa saMkhyA ko grantha meM 'pradezAgra' kathana dvArA batalAyA gayA hai| . ___ jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki karma-paramANuoM kA AtmA. ke sAtha nIra-kSIra kI taraha sambandha hai tathA ye karma-paramANa samasta loka meM vyApta haiM / ataH sabhI AtmAe~ saba prakAra ke karmaparamANuoM kA saMcaya chahoM dizAoM se kara sakatI haiN|2 baMdhane vAle karma AtmA ke sAtha kama se kama aura adhika se adhika kitane samaya taka rahate haiM, isa viSaya meM grantha kA abhiprAya nimna prakAra hai : karmoM ke nAma adhika se adhika kama se kama sthiti-kAla - sthiti-kAla jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanA- 30 koTAkoTisAgaropama ) antarmuhUrta varaNIya vedanIya aura (karor3a x karor3a = 7 (karIba 48 antarAya ) koTAkoTi) ...) minaTa) mohanIya 70 koTAkoTisAgaropamA Ayu 33 sAgaropama . nAma aura gotra 20 koTAkoTi sAgaropama ATha muhUrta 1. savvesi ceva kammANaM paesaggamaNaMtagaM / gaMThiyasattAIyaM aMto siddhANa AhiyaM // -u0 33. 17. tathA dekhie-pR0 165, pA0 Ti0.1. 2. savvajIvANa kammaM tu saMgahe chaddisAgayaM / samvesu vi paesesu savvaM saveNa baddhagaM / / / -u0 33.18. 3. u0 33.16-23; ta0 sU0 8.14-20. 4. tattvArtha sUtra (8.18) meM vedanIya kI jaghanyasthiti antarmuhUrta ke sthAna para 12 muhUrta batalAI hai-'aparA dvAdazamuhUtI vedanIyasya' / yahA~ para . ta For Personal & Private Use Only

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164 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana yaha jo karmoM kI sthiti batalAI gaI hai vaha mUla-prakRtiyoM kI apekSA se hai| uttara-prakRtiyoM kI apekSA se inakI Ayu-sthiti meM hInAdhikatA bhI ho sakatI hai|' yaha karmoM kI utkRSTa evaM jaghanya sthiti batalAI gaI hai / ye karma isa sImA ke andara apanA phala dekara naSTa ho jAte haiM aura unake sthAna para rAga-dveSarUpa pariNAmoM ke anusAra nae-nae karma Ate rahate haiN| yahAM eka bAta dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki ye karma apanI Ayusthiti meM sadA ekarUpa nahIM rahate haiM apitu yathAsaMbhava unakI avasthAoM me parivartana Adi hote rahate haiM / jainadarzana meM karma kI aisI 10 avasthAe~ batalAI gaI haiN| isa sthiti-bandha ke sAtha hI sAtha karmoM meM tIvra yA manda phaladAyinI zakti bhI utpanna hotI hai| isa utpanna hone vAlI zakti ko anubhAMga yA anubhAga-bandha kahate haiN| karmoM kI sthiti aura phala kI tIvratA evaM mandatA jIva ke rAgAdirUpa pariNAmoM kI tIvratA evaM mandatA para nirbhara hai| grantha meM karmoM ke phala (anubhAga) kA AtmArAmajI apanI uttarAdhyayana-TIkA (pR0 1547-1548) meM prajJApanAsUtra ke 'sAtAvedaNijjassa" "jahanneNaM bArasamuhuttA' (23.2.264) pATha ko uddhRta karate hue likhate haiM ki tattvArthasUtra meM sAtAvedanIya kI apekSA se jaghanya-sthiti 12 muhUrta batalAI gaI hai| 1. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-prajJApanAsUtra kA prakRti-pada / 2. karmoM kI 10 avasthAe~ ye haiM-1. karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha (bandha), 2. bandha ke bAda unakI sAmAnya sthiti (sattA yA sattva), 3. samaya para unakA phalonmukha honA (udaya), 4. tapasyA Adi ke dvArA unheM samaya ke pUrva phalonmukha karanA (udIraNA), 5. karmoM kI sthiti aura phaladAyinI zakti meM vRddhi karanA (utkarSaNa), 6. hrAsa karanA (apakarSaNa), 7. sajAtIya karmoM meM paraspara parivartana honA (saMkramaNa), 8. baddhakarmoM ko kucha samaya ke lie phalonmukha hone se roka denA (upazama), 6. baddhakarmoM meM phalonmukhatA evaM saMkramaNa na hone denA (nidhatti) aura 10. karma jisa rUpa meM baddha hue haiM unakA usI rUpa meM par3e rahanA (nikaacn)| -jainadarzana-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pR0 355; jai0 dha0 ke0, pR0 142. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [165 varNana karate samaya sirpha karma-paramANuoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai jaisAki karmoM ke pradezAgra ke varNana prasaGga meM kiyA gayA hai|' yahAM yaha bAta smaraNIya hai ki karmoM ko phaladAyaka banAne ke lie karmoM se pRthak anya zakti kI kalpanA nahIM kI gaI hai| ye karma acetana hokara bhI eka svacAlita yaMtra kI taraha apanA kArya karate rahate haiN| karmabandha meM sahAyaka lezyAe~ : ___ karmoM ke rUpI hone para bhI unheM ina nagna netroM se dekhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| phira ina karmoM ke bandha ko kaise samajhA jAya ki amuka prakAra ke karma kA bandha haA hai| isake lie grantha meM karma-lezyAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| karma-lezyA kA artha hai AtmA se baMdhe hae karmoM ke prabhAva se vyakti meM utpanna hone vAlA adhyavasAya vizeSa athavA kaSAyAdi se anuraJjita mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti / tAratamyabhAva kI apekSA se vyaktiyoM ke acche aura bure AcaraNa ko chaH bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake tadanusAra hI chaH lezyAoM ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa kA phala kitanA madhura. yA kaTa hotA hai, sparza kitanA karkaza yo komala hotA hai, gandha kitanI tIvra yA manda hotI hai, raMga kisa prakAra kA hotA hai ityAdi bAtoM ko ina lezyAoM ke dvArA abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai / isake atirikta ina lezyAoM kA nAmakaraNa raMgoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| unake kramazaH nAma ye haiM2 : kRSNa, nIla, kApota, teja, padma aura zakla / aba kramazaH inake svarUpAdi kA varNana granthAnusAra kiyA jaaegaa| 1. siddhANaNaMtabhAgo ya aNabhAgA havaMti u| savvesu vi pae saggaM savvajIvesu icchiyaM // -u033.24. tathA dekhie-pR0 163 pA0 Ti0 1. 2. kiNhA nIlA ya kAU ya teU pamhA taheva ya / sukkalesA ya chaTThA ya nAmAiM tu jahakkama / u0 34. 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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166 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 1. kRSNalezyA'-hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, vyabhicAra, dhana-saMgraha Adi meM pravRtta kSudrabuddhi, nirdayI, nazaMsa, ajitendriya tathA binA vicAre kArya karane vAlA puruSa kRSNalezyAvAlA kahalAtA hai / athavA isa prakAra ke AcaraNa meM pravRtti karAnA kRSNalezyA kA svarUpa hai| isa lezyA kA 'raMga' sajala megha, mahiSazRMga, kAjala aura netra-kanInikA kI taraha kAlA hotA hai| isakA 'rasa' kar3avI tabI, nIma aura kaTu rohiNI (auSadhivizeSa) ke kar3ave rasa se bhI kaI guNA adhika kaDuA hotA hai| isakI 'gandha' mRta gau, kuttA aura sarpa se bhI kaI gunI adhika durgandhita hotI hai| isakA sparza karapatra (ArA), gaujihvA aura zAkapatra kI apekSA kaI guNA adhika karkaza hotA hai| isakI sAmAnya-sthiti samaya) kama se kama ardhamuhUrta aura adhika se adhika antamuharta adhika 33 sAgaropama hai| isa lezyAvAlA jIva marakara naraka yA tiryaJcagati meM janma letA hai| yaha sabase kharAba lezyA hai| 2. nIlalezyA2-isa lezyAvAlA jIva. IrSyAlu, kadAgrahI, asahiSNu, atapasvI, avidvAn, mAyAvI, nirlajja, dveSI, rasalolupI, zaTha, pramAdI, svArthI, ArambhI, kSudra aura sAhasI hotA hai| arthAta 1. paMcAsavappavatto tIhiM aMgutto chasu avirao ya / tivvAraMbhapariNao khuddo sAhasio nro|| . niddhasapariNAmo nissaMso ajiiNdio| eyajogasamA utto kiNhalesaM tu pariName // -u0 34. 21-22. tathA dekhie-u0 34.4,10,16,18,20,33-34,43,45,48,56, 58-60. 2. issA amarisa atavo avijjamAyA ahIriyA / gehI paose ya saDhe pamatte rasalolue sAyagavesae ya // AraMbhAo avirao khuddo sAhassio nro| eyajogasamAutto nIlalesaM tu pariName / / -u0 34.23-24. tathA dekhie-u0 34. 5, 11, 16, 18, 20, 33,35,42,46,56, 58.60. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 167 ina guNoM se nIlalezyAvAle kI pahacAna hotI hai / isa lezyA kA 'raMga' nIle azokavRkSa, cASapakSI ke paMkha aura snigdha vaidUryamaNi (nIlama) kI taraha nIlA hotA hai / isakA 'rasa' mirca, soMTha, aura gajapIpala ke rasa se bhI anantaguNA tIkSNa hotA hai| isakI 'gaMdha' aura 'sparza' kRSNalezyA kI hI taraha haiM parantu tIvratA kI mAtrA kucha kama hai| isakI kama se kama sAmAnya-sthiti ardhamuhUrta aura adhika se adhika pallopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAgasahita 10 sAgaropama hai| isa lezyAvAlA jIva naraka yA tiryaJca gati meM utpanna hotA hai| ...3. kApotalezyA-isa lezyAvAlA jIva vakra-vaktA, vakrAcArI, chalI. nija doSoM ko chupAne vAlA, niHsarala, mithyAdRSTi, anArya, para-marmabhedaka, cora aura asUyA karane vAlA hotA hai| isa lezyA kA 'raMga'-alasI ke puSpa, koyala ke paira aura kabUtara kI grIvA kI taraha kApotavarNa hotA hai| isakA 'rasa' kacce Ama, tuvara aura kapitthaphala ke rasa se bhI kaI guNA adhika khaTTA hotA haiN| isakI 'gandha' nIlalezyA kI apekSA tIvratA meM kucha kama hotI hai aura isakA 'sparza' bhI nIlalezyA kI apekSA tIvratA meM kucha kama hotA hai| sAmAnya-sthiti kama se kama ardhamUharta aura adhika se adhika palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga sahita tIna sAgaropama hai / isa lezyAvAlA jIva marakara AcaraNa kI taratamatA ke anusAra naraka' yA tiryaJca gati (durgati) meM janma letA hai| . 4. tejolezyA2-- isa lezyAvAlA jIva namra, acapala, amAyI, akutUhalI, vinIta, jitendriya, svAdhyAyapremI, tapasvI, 1. vaMke vaMkasamAyAre niyaDille aNujjae / paliuMcagaovahie micchadiTThI aNArie / upphAlagadudruvAI ya teNe yAvi yA maccharI / eyajogasamAutto kAUlesaM tu pariName / / -u0 34. 25-26. tathA dekhie-u0 34.6,12,16,18,20,33,36,40-41, 50, 56,58-60. 2. nIyAvittI acavale amAI akuUhale / viNIyaviNae vaMte jogavaM uvahANavaM / For Personal & Private Use Only

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168 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana dharmapremI, pApabhIru, sarvahitaiSI Adi guNoM se yukta hotA hai| isakA 'raMga' hiMgaladhAtu (ziMgarapha), taruNa sUrya (madhyAhna kA sUrya), zukanAsikA aura dIpaka kI zikhA kI taraha dIptimAna hotA hai| isakA 'rasa' pakva Amraphala aura pakva kapitthaphala ke khaTamIThe rasa se bhI kaI gunA adhika khaTa-mIThA hotA hai| isakI 'gandha' kevar3A Adi sugandhita puSpoM aura candanAdi sugandhita dravyoM se bhI kaI gunI adhika sugandhita hotI hai| isakA 'sparza' vara (vanaspati vizeSa), navanIta aura sirasa ke phUla se bhI kaI gunA adhika komala hotA hai / isa lezyA kI sAmAnya sthiti kama se karma ardha muhUrta aura adhika se adhika palyopama ke asaMkhyeyabhAga sahita do sAgaropama hai| isa lezyAvAlA jIva marakara manuSya yA devagati (sugati) ko prApta karatA hai| 5. padmalezyA'- isa lezyAvAlA jIva alpa kaSAyoM vAlA, prazAntacitta, tapasvI, atyalpa-bhASI aura jitendriya hotA hai| isakA raMga haratAla, haridrA ke Tukar3e, sana aura asana ke puSpoM kI taraha pIlA hotA hai| isakA rasa zreSTha madirA, nAnA prakAra ke Asava Adi se bhI ananta gunA adhika madhura hotA hai| isakI gaMdha tejolezyA se bhI adhika sugandhita hotI hai aura isakA 'sparza' tejolezyA se bhI adhika komala hotA hai| isa lezyA kI kama-se-kama sthiti anta piyadhamme daDhadhamme'vajjabhIrU hiese| . eyajogasamAutto teolesaM tu pariName / / - u.0 34.27-28. tathA dekhie-u0 34. 7, 13, 17, 16-20, 33, 37, 40, 51-53, 57-60. 1. payaNukohamANe ya mAyAlobhe ya pynnue| pasaMtacitte daMtappA jogavaM uvahANavaM / / tahA payaNuvAI ya uvasate jiidie| eyajogasamAutto pamhalesaM tu pariName / -u0 34. 26-30. tathA dekhie-u0 34. 8, 14, 17, 16-20, 33,38,40,45,54, 57-60. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 166 aura adhika se adhika ardhamuhUrta adhika 10 sAgaropama hai / isa lezyAvAlA jIva marakara manuSya yA devagati ( sugati ) meM janmalA hai / 6. zuklalezyA ' - isa lezyAvAlA jIva zubha dhyAna karane vAlA, prazAntacitta, jitendriya, mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti meM caJcalatA se rahita, alparAgI aura ahiMsApremI hotA hai / isakA 'raMga' zaMkha, aMka (maNi vizeSa ), mucakunda puSpa, dugdhadhArA evaM rajatahAra kI taraha zveta ( ujjvala ) varNa kA hotA hai| isakA 'rasa' khajUra, dAkha, dUdha, cInI Adi ke madhura rasa se bhI kaI gunA adhika madhura hotA hai / isakI 'gandha' padmalezyA se bhI kaI gunI adhika sugandhita hotI hai aura 'sparza' bhI padmalezyA se kaI gunA adhika komala hotA hai / isa lezyA kI kama se kama sthiti ardhamuhUrta aura adhika se adhika eka muhUrta adhika 33 sAgaropama hotI / isa lezyAvAlA jIva marakara manuSya yA devagati ko prApta karatA hai / yaha sarvazreSTha lezyA hai / isa taraha ina chahoM lezyAoM meM uttarottara cAritra kA vikAsa dikhalAyA gayA hai / prathama tIna lezyAe~ azubha, adharmarUpa evaM aprazasta haiM / antima tIna lezyAe~ zubha, dharmarUpa evaM prazasta haiM / ina lezyAoM ke jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa guNarUpa pari 1. aTTahANi vajjittA dhammasukkANi sAhae / pasaMtacitte daMtappA samie gutte ya guttisu // sarAge bIyarAge vA uvasaMte jiiMdie / eyajogasamA utto sukkalesaM tu pariName || - u0 34.31-32. tathA dekhie - u034.6, 15, 17, 16 - 20, 33, 36-40,46, 55, 57-60. 2. kiNhA nIlA kAU timni vi eyAo ahammale sAo / yahi tihi vi jIvo duggaiM uvavajjaI || teU pahA sukkA tinni vi eyAo dhammalesAo / eyAhi tihi vi jIvo suggaI uvavajjaI // --u0 34.56-57. tathA dekhie - u0 34.61. For Personal & Private Use Only

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* 170 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana NAmoM ke tAratamyabhAva ke AdhAra se grantha meM tIna, nava, sattAIsa, ikyAsI aura do sau taitAlIsa aMzoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| grantha meM isa aMza-kalpanA kA kathana pariNAmadvAra dvArA kiyA gayA hai tathA inake bhedoM ke prakAra ko 'sthAna' kahA gayA hai| inake sthAna kitane haiM ? isa viSaya meM kahA hai--asaMkhyAta avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla ke jitane samaya (kSaNa) hote haiM tathA asaMkhyAta lokoM ke jitane pradeza hote haiM utane hI sthAna lezyAoM ke hote haiN| ____ mRtyu ke uparAnta jaba jIva paraloka meM gamana karatA hai to kisI na kisI lezyA se yukta hokara hI gamana karatA hai| yahA~ itanA vizeSa hai ki jaba koI navIna lezyA jIva se sambaddha hotI hai to usake prathama samaya meM aura yadi koI lezyA kisI jIva se pRthak hotI hai to usake antima samaya meM jIva kA paralokagamana nahIM hotA hai apitu Ane vAlI lezyA ke antarmahataM bIta jAne para aura jAne vAlI lezyA ke antarmuhUrta zeSa rahane para hI 1. u0 34.20. prajJApanAsUtra 17.4.226 meM bhI isI prakAra pariNAmadvAra kA varNana hai| 2. saMsAra meM anukrama se samaya-sambandhI do prakAra ke cakra cala rahe haiM avasarpiNI-kAla aura utsarpiNI-kAla / jisa kAla meM jIvoM kI Ayu, sthiti, AkAra, sukha-samRddhi Adi kA uttarottara hrAsa hotA jAe use avasarpiNI-kAla kahate haiM tathA jisa kAla meM jIvo kI Ayu Adi meM uttarottara vRddhi hotI jAe use utsarpiNI-kAla kahate haiN| Ayu Adi ke hrAsa aura vikAsa ke AdhAra se pratyeka ko 6.6 bhAgoM (AroM) meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI donoM kAla-cakoM kA samaya barAbara-barAbara (10-10 koTAkoTi sAgaropama) mAnA gayA hai| yaha avasarpiNI aura utsapiNI kAla-sambandhI krama nirantara calatA rahatA hai| -u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1577-1578. 3. u0 34.33. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 171 jIva kA paraloka-gamana hotA hai|' jIva ke paraloka-gamana ke eka antarmuharta pahale lezyA kI upasthiti hone ke kAraNa hI kRSNa aura zukla lezyA kI utkRSTa-sthiti jIva kI sAmAnya utkRSTa Ayu se eka muharta adhika (eka muharta adhika 33 sAgara) batalAI gaI hai / 2 kauna lezyA kisa jIva meM kitane samaya taka rahatI hai yaha jIva kI AyU para nirbhara karatA hai / ataH grantha meM cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM kI lezyAoM kI jo Ayu batalAI hai vaha jIvoM kI Ayu ke AdhAra se batalAI gaI hai| manuSya aura tiryaJca gati ke jIvoM meM chahoM lezyAe~ saMbhava haiN| unameM prathama pA~ca kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa sthiti antarmuhUrta kA ardha-bhAga hai| isake atirikta zuklalezyA kI jaghanya sthiti ardhamUharta hai aura utkRSTa sthiti nau varSa kama eka karor3a pUrva hai| nArakI jIvoM meM prathama tIna lezyAe~ hI hotI haiN| prathama tIna narakoM meM kApotalezyA, tIsare se pA~caveM meM nIlalezyA aura pAMcaveM se sAtaveM taka kRSNalezyA pAI jAtI hai| sAmAnyatayA devoM meM 1. lesAhiM savvAhiM paDhame samayammi pariNayAhiM tu / na hu kassai uvavatti pare bhave asthi jIvassa // lesAhiM savvAhiM carime samayammi pariNayAhiM tu / na hu kassai uvavatti pare bhave atyi jIvassa / / aMtamuhuttammi gae aMtamuhuttammi sesae cev| le sAhiM pariNayAhiM jIvA gacchaMti paraloyaM / / -u0 34.58-60. 2. u0 34.34, 39. 3. u0 34.45, 46. zukla-lezyA kI utkRSTa-sthiti meM jo 6 varSa kama kara diyA gayA hai usakA kAraNa hai ki sAdhu dIkSA aGgIkAra karake jaba kama se kama eka sAla pUrNa kara letA hai taba isa lezyA kI prApti saMbhava hai| isake atirikta sAdhu banane ke lie kama se kama ATha varSa kI umra honA Avazyaka hai| -u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1560. 4. u0 34.40-44. For Personal & Private Use Only

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172 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . . zubha-lezyAe~ hI pAI jAtI haiM parantu bhavanapati aura vyantara devoM meM kRSNAdi tIna azubha-lezyAe~ bhI pAI jAtI haiN| isake atirikta bhavanapati, vyaMtara, jyotiSI, saudharma aura IzAna devoM meM tejo lezyA pAI jAtI hai| sanatkumAra se lekara brahma deva paryanta padamalezyA hotI hai / lAntaka devoM se lekara sarvArtha siddhi ke devoM paryanta zukla-lezyA hotI hai|' ___ isa taraha isa lezyA-viSayaka varNana se jJAta hotA hai ki kisa lezyAvAle jIva kahA~ rahate haiM aura kauna jIva kisa prakAra ke karmoM se baddha haiM ? isake atirikta karma aura lezyAoM kA Apasa meM ghaniSTha sambandha bhI hai| puNyarUpa karmoM se zubha lezyAoM kI prApti hotI hai aura pAparUpa karmoM se azubha lezyAoM kI prApti hotI hai| puNya aura pAparUpa karmoM se jisa prakAra kI zubha yA azubha lezyA kI prApti hotI hai jIva tadanusAra hI AcAra meM pravRtta hotA hai| pravatti karane se karma-bandha hotA hai aura karma-bandha se punaH lezyA kI prApti hotI hai| isa taraha saMsAra kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki jIva isa cakra se kabhI bhI chaTakArA nahIM pA sakatA hai apitu prayatna karane para isa cakra se mukta bhI ho sakatA hai| vastutaH ye lezyAe~ karma-siddhAnta kI pUraka haiN| karmoM ke vinaSTa hone para lezyAoM kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| AtmA ke sAtha karma-bandha kI prakriyA ko samajhAne ke lie ina lezyAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ataH gommaTasAra meM lezyA kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai-'jisake dvArA jIva puNya aura pAparUpa karmoM se lipta hove yA kaSAyodaya se anurakta mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti lezyA hai / '2 isa taraha lezyAeM manuSyoM ke usa AcaraNa ko samajhAtI haiM jisase raMjita hone para zubhAzubha karma AtmA se bandha ko prApta hote haiN| isa lezyA-viSayaka nirUpaNa se bhAratIya raMga-viSayaka dRSTikoNa kA bhI patA calatA hai| 1. u0 34. 47-55. 2. liMpai appIkIrai edIe Niya apuNNapuNaM ca / '-go0 jI0 488. tathA dekhie-go0 jI0 532. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 173 4aanuhiin isa prakaraNa meM saMsAra se sambandhita tIna pramukha siddhAntoM kI carcA kI gaI hai : 1. saMsAra kI duHkharUpatA, 2. saMsAra yA du:kha ke kAraNa aura 3. karma-bandhana / ina tInoM siddhAntoM kA vizleSaNa AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo kramazaH isa prakAra hai : 1. bhAratIya dhArmika granthoM kI taraha uttarAdhyayana meM bhI isa saMsAra ko jisameM jIva janma-maraNa ko prApta hote haiM, duHkhoM se pUrNa batalAyA hai| zarIra ke nazvara hone tathA icchAoM ke ananta hone ke kAraNa hameM jo sukha pratIti meM Ate haiM ve bhI du.kharUpa hI haiN| deva aura manuSya paryAya jo sugatirUpa evaM zreSTha mAnI jAtI haiM unheM bhI durgatirUpa batalAne kA uddezya hai jIvoM ko viSaya-bhogoM kI tarapha se nirAsakta karake asIma va ananta sukha kI ora prerita krnaa| kyoMki jaba taka sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM ko dukha.rUpa evaM nazvara nahIM citrita kiyA jAegA taba taka unase virakti nahIM ho sakatI hai| devaparyAya meM jo duHkhoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai usakA kAraNa hai devaparyAya aura una daivika bhogya-viSayoM kA cirasthAyI na honaa| kaI sthAnoM para devoM ke aizvarya ko zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai tathA use zreSTha gati (sugati) bhI kahA gayA hai| yahI sthiti manuSya gati ke jIvoM kI bhI hai| isa vivecana kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki prakRta-grantha avAstavikatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai| hama svayaM anubhava karate haiM ki viSayabhogoM kI sImA ananta hai aura kitane hI sukha-sAdhana hameM kyoM na upalabdha ho jAe~ zAnti nahIM milatI hai| zAnti eva sukha apane andara hai| yadi hamArI icchAe~ sImita haiM to hameM sukha milatA hai anyathA hama aura adhika prApta karane ke lie vyagra rahate haiN| ye viSaya-bhoga na to sukha ke aura na duHkha ke hI kAraNa haiM parantu viSaya-bhogoM kI Asakti aura ghaNA duHkha ke kAraNa bana jAte haiN| ataH grantha meM nirAsakta hokara viSayabhogoM ke upabhoga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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174 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana Aja ke vijJAna ne jo itanI unnati kI hai usakA kAraNa hai| viSaya-bhogoM meM Asakti / phira kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki viSayabhogoM meM Asakti nahIM karanI cAhie ? isake viSaya meM merA kahanA hai ki prakRta-grantha asIma evaM ananta sukha kI ora le jAnA cAhatA hai / ataH isameM jo AdhyAtmika patha kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha ThIka hai / zarIra kI nazvaratA ko dekhakara tathA saMsAra meM phaile hue bhraSTAcAra ko rokane ke lie aisA kathana satya hai / Aja ke isa vaijJAnika yuga meM bhI prakRta grantha ke isa upadeza ko hI naye vaijJAnika sA~ce meM DhAlakara samAjazAstra va dharmazAstra ke rUpa meM diyA jAtA hai / yadi hama niSpakSadRSTi se vicAra kareMge to dekheMge ki vijJAna kI itanI unnati hone para bhI mAnava sukhI, nahIM hai apitu pahale se bhI adhika parezAna aura duHkhI najara A rahA haiM / phira grantha meM kahe gaye isa kaTu satya kA ki saMsAra ke viSayabhogoM meM sukha nahI milatA hai, kaise apalApa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? Aja jo bhI tarka hama isake virodha meM de sakate haiM ve pahale bhI die jAte the / parantu jo satya hai vaha hamezA satya hI rahegA / isa kathana kI vAstavikatA aura avAstavikatA para vicAra karate: samaya hameM usa dRSTi ko sAmane avazya rakhanA hogA jise mAdhyama banAkara isa grantha ko likhA gayA hai / vauddhadarzana ke pravartakaH bhagavAn gautama buddha ne bhI jina cAra AryasatyoM ko khojA thA unameM prathama Aryasatya duHkha hai / isake atirikta duHkha ke kAraNa maujUda haiM (duHkha samudaya), duHkha se nivRti saMbhava hai ( nirodha- satya ) aura duHkhoM se nivRtti kA upAya bhI hai ( nirodhagAminI pratipadA) - ye anya tIna Aryasatya / ' prakRta grantha meM jisa prakAra prathama duHkhasatya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai usI prakAra anya tIna satyoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jisakA hama Age ke prakaraNoM meM yathAvasara vicAra kareMge / 2. sAMsArika duHkhoM ke kAraNoM kA vicAra karate hue grantha meM janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra kA sAkSAt kAraNa karmabandha svIkAra 1. dekhie - prakaraNa 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 175 kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda karmabandha kA bhI kAraNa rAga-dveSa aura rAgadveSa kA bhI mUla kAraNa ajJAna mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi rAga-dveSa aura ajJAna ke bIca meM kramaza: moha, tRSNA aura lobha ko bhI kAraNarUpa se batalAyA gayA hai parantu moha, tRSNA aura lobha ye rAga kI hI utkaTa avasthArUpa haiN| yadi inheM bhI pRthaka kAraNarUpa se ginAyA jAya to saMsAra kI kArya-kAraNaparamparA isa prakAra hotI hai : janmamaraNarUpa saMsAra - karmabandha-rAgadveSa-moha -tRSNA-lobha - ajJAna / . grantha meM yadyapi isa kArya-kAraNazRGkhalA kA suvyavasthita rUpa nahIM milatA hai kyoMki kahIM para ajJAna ko, kahIM rAga ko, kahIM dveSa ko, kahIM rAgadveSa ko, kahIM pApakarma ko, kahIM karmamAtra ko, kahIM moha ko, kahIM saMsAra ko, kahI manojJAmanojJa vastuoM ko, kahIM ina saba ko eka dUsare ke sAtha jor3akara kAryakAraNa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isase kauna kisakA sAkSAta kAraNa hai| aura kauna paramparayA kAraNa hai isakI sAmAnyatayA spaSTa pratIti nahIM hotI hai| parantu dhyAnapUrvaka vicAra karane para ina sabake mUla meM uparyukta kAryakAraNazRGkhalA hI kArya karatI hai| ataH grantha meM kahIM-kahIM jo inakA Age-pIche yA eka-dUsare ke sAtha sammilitarUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai usakA kAraNa hai--avasara-. vizeSa para-kAraNa-vizeSa ko mahattva denaa| tattvArthasatra meM karmabandha. ke kAraNoM kA vicAra karate samaya jina pA~ca kAraNoM ko ginAyA gayA hai unako dekhane se bhI isI kArya kAraNazRGkhalA kA samarthana hotA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM batalAe gae una pAMca kAraNoM ke kramazaH nAma ye haiM: 1. mithyAtva ( apane AtmasvarUpa ko bhUlakara zarIrAdi para-dravya meM Atmabuddhi karanA-svaparavivekAbhAvarUpa ajJAna ), 2. avirati ( viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa karanA), 3. pramAda (asAvadhAnI), 4 kaSAya (kaluSita bhAva) aura 5. yoga (manavacana-kAya kI prvRtti)| yahAM mithyAtva ajJAnarUpa hI hai| 1. mithyAdarzanAviratipramAda kaSAyayogA bandha hetavaH / -ta0 sU0 8.1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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176 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana avirati aura pramAda rAga va moha sthAnApanna haiN| kaSAya rAgadveSarUpa haiM aura yoga pravRttimAtra meM kAraNa hai| isIlie uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kahIM-kahIM mithyAtva aura pramAda ko saMsAra evaM karmabandha kA hetu batalAyA gayA hai|' bauddhadarzana meM isa viSaya kI jo kAraNa-kAryazRGkhalA batalAI gaI hai usake bhI mUla meM avidyA ( ajJAna ) hai| avidyA aura duHkha ke bIca jo anya kAraNa ginAe gae haiM. unameM tRSNA, bhava (acche-bure kArya), jAti aura jarA-maraNa bhI haiN| isa taraha duHkhoM ke mUla kAraNa ko khojate-khojate donoM darzana eka hI sthAna para pahu~cakara ruka jAte haiM / parantu ajJAna kyA hai ? isa viSaya meM donoM darzanoM ke siddhAnta bhinna-bhinna haiN| grantha meM jahAM acetana se cetana ke pArthakya-bodha ko jJAna kahA gayA hai vahAM bauddha darzana meM usa pArthakya-bodha ko ajJAna mAnA gayA hai kyoMki bauddhadarzana meM AtmA nAmaka koI sthAyI cetana-dravya svIkRta nahIM hai| duHkha kA mUla kAraNa ajJAna hai isameM zAyada kisI ko bhI vivAda nahIM hogaa| gItA meM bhI moha kA kAraNa ajJAna hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 3. jisa karmabandha ko saMsAra yA duHkha ke kAraNoM meM sAkSAt kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vaha eka zarIra-vizeSa kI racanA karatA hai jo vedAntadarzana meM svIkRta (sthUla zarIra ke bhItara vartamAna) sUkSmazarIra sthAnApanna hai kyoMki ye karma AtmA ke sAtha baddha 1. u0 26.5, 60, 71 10.15. 2. bauddhadarzana meM du:kha ke jo bAraha kAraNa ginAe gae haiM unheM bhavacakra, dvAdaza-Ayatana aura pratItyasamutpAda kahA jAtA hai| unake kramazaH nAma ye haiM- avidyA- saMskAra -vijJAna -nAmarUpa- SaDAyatana (chaH indriyA~ manasahita)-sparza - vedanA-tRSNA-upAdAna -bhava (bhalebure karma) - jAti-jarA-maraNa -duHkha / - bhA0 da0 ba0, pR0 154. 3. ajJAnenAvRtaM jJAnaM tena muhyanti jantavaH / -gItA 5.15. 4. vedAntasAra, pR0 34. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 2 : saMsAra [ 177 hokara sthUlazarIra se pRthak eka zarIra kI racanA karate haiM jise jainadarzana meM kArmaNazarIra kahA gayA hai / yaha kArmaNazarIra sthala zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI naSTa nahIM hotA hai / isake atirikta vaha agrima janma meM sthUla zarIra kI prApti meM kAraNa bhI hotA hai / isa prakriyA ko spaSTa karane ke lie karmabandha meM sahAyaka chaH zyAoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ina karma aura lezyAoM meM ghaniSTha sambandha hone ke kAraNa hI grantha meM lezyAoM ko karmalezyA kahA gayA hai / ye lezyAe~ eka prakAra ke lepyadravya kA kArya karatI haiM jisase karma-paramANu AtmA ke sAtha cipaka jAte haiM / zubhAzubha karmoM se jisa prakAra kI lezyA prApta hotI hai tadanusAra hI jIva karmoM meM pravRtta hotA hai / isake bAda punaH zubhAzubharUpa se pravRtti karane para puna: - karmabandha hotA hai / isa taraha abAdha - saMsAra kA cakra calatA rahatA hai / karmoM kA abhAva hone para isakA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai / grantha meM isa karma aura lezyA-viSayaka varNana ke dvArA sAMsArika sukha aura duHkha ke kAraNoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa siddhAnta ke svIkAra kara lene se saMsAra ke vaicitraya kI gutthI ko sulajhAne ke lie Izvara - kalpanA kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI hai aura eka svacAlita mazIna kI taraha saMsAra kI prakriyA calatI rahatI hai / karmakANDI mImAMsAdarzana kI taraha vaidika yAgAdi kriyAe~ yahA~ karma nahIM haiM kyoMki mImAMsAdarzana meM yAgAdi kriyAoM se adRSTavizeSa kI utpatti hotI hai aura taba usake prabhAva se svargAdi kI prApti hotI hai / prakRtagrantha meM jIva meM hara kSaNa * hone vAlI zvAsAdi sUkSma se sUkSma kriyA, mana ke vicAra Adi sabhI karma ke kAraNa haiM / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki sabhI kriyAe~ bandha meM kAraNa na ho parantu kriyAmAtra karma avazya hai / unameM se kevala sarAga kriyAe~ ( sakAma karma) hI karmabandha meM kAraNa haiM / ataH saMsAra ke AvAgamana meM kAraNa hone se ve hI yahA~ para karma zabda se kahI gaI haiN| isake atirikta zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karma bandha meM kAraNa hone se heya batalAe gae haiM / saMsArI jIva meM pAI jAnevAlI pratyeka kriyA, sukha-duHkhAnubhUti, jJAnAdi kI prApti, jIvana kI sthiti, zubhAzubha For Personal & Private Use Only

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178 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana zarIrAdi kI prApti, lAbhAlAbha kI prApti Adi sabhI pahaluoM kI vyAkhyA isa karma-siddhAnta dvArA kI gaI hai aura AvazyakatAnusAra karmoM ke avAntara bhedoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| karma kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa hone se isa karma-siddhAnta ko jaina manovijJAna kahA jA sakatA hai| isa taraha isa prakaraNa meM granthAnusAra saMsAra ko duHkhoM se pUrNa batalAkara usake kAraNoM para AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se vicAra. prastuta kiyA gayA hai| punarjanma, paraloka Adi svIkAra kie binA yaha varNana saMgata nahIM ho sakatA hai| zarIrAdi ko nazvaratA aura janma-maraNa kI prApti hI duHkha hai| isIlie saMsAra ke viSayabhoga-janya sukhoM ko bhI duHkharUpa mAnA gayA hai| saMsAra ke kAraNoM meM karmabandha ko svIkAra karake yaha dikhalAyA gayA hai ki jIva ke dvArA kiyA gayA koI bhI acchA yA burA kama kisI bhI taraha chipa nahIM sakatA hai, usakA phala avazya bhoganA pdd'egaa| saMsAra meM sAmAjika vyavasthA banAe rakhane tathA atyAcAra-anAcAra Adi ko rokane ke lie bhI aisA varNana Avazyaka thA aura hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 ratnatraya duHkhoM kI anubhUti pratyeka prANI ko kaTu mAlUma hotI hai / ataH ve duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie nAnA prakAra ke prayatna karate dekhe jAte haiN| sAMsArika jitane bhI prayatna haiM ve saba kSaNika sukha ko dene ke kAraNa vAstava meM duHkharUpa hI haiN| avinazvara sukha kI prApti ke lie cetana aura acetana ke saMyoga aura viyoga kI AdhyAtmika prakriyA ko jina nava tathyoM ( tattvoM-satyoM ) meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai unameM pUrNa vizvAsa ( samyagdarzana ), unakA pUrNajJAna ( samyagjJAna ) aura tadanusAra AcaraNa ( samyakcAritra ) Avazyaka hai| isa taraha avinazvara sukha kI prApti meM sahAyaka samyagdarzana ( satya-zraddhA ), samyagjJAna (satyajJAna ) aura samyakcAritra ( sata-AcaraNa ) ina tIna sAdhanoM ko hI yahAM para 'ratnatraya' zabda se kahA gayA hai| ina tInoM sAdhanoM para vicAra karane ke pUrva cetana aura acetana ke saMyoga aura viyoga kI AdhyAtmika-prakriyA ko jina nau tathyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai unakA vicAra Avazyaka hai| nava tathya (tattva) : cetana-acetana aura inake saMyoga-viyoga kI kAraNakAryazRGkhalA ke trikAlavartI satya hone ke kAraNa inheM tathya ( satya yA tattva ) zabda se kahA gayA hai| ina nava tathyoM ke nAma kramazaH ye haiM :1 1. jIva ( cetana ), 2. ajIva ( acetana ), 3. bandha ( cetana aura acetana kI sambandhAvasthA ), 4. puNya ( ahiMsAdi zubha-kArya ), 1. jIvAjIvA ya bandho ya pugNaM pAvA''savo thaa| saMvage nijjarA mokkho saMti ee tahiyA nava / / -u0 28.14. For Personal & Private Use Only

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180] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 5. pApa ( hiMsAdi azubha-kArya ), 6. Asrava ( cetana ke pAsa acetana karmoM ke Ane kA dvAra ), 7. saMvara (cetana ke sAtha acetana kA sambandha karAne vAle kAraNa kA nirodha ), 8. nirjarA (cetana se acetana kA aMzataH pRthakkaraNa ) aura 6. mokSa ( cetana kA acetana se pUrNa svAtantrya ) / inheM mukhyataH pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : / 1. cetana va acetana tattva-jIva aura ajIva / 2. saMsAra yA duHkha kI avasthA-bandha / 3. saMsAra yA du:kha ke kAraNa-puNya, pApa aura Asrava / 4. saMsAra yA duHkha se pUrNa nivRtti-mokss| 5. saMsAra yA duHkha se nivRtti kA upAya - saMvara aura nirjraa| . saMsAra yA duHkha kA kAraNa kama-bandhana hai aura usase chuTakArA pAnA mokSa hai| cetana hI bandhana aura mokSa ko prApta karatA hai tathA acetana ( karma ) se bandhana aura mokSa hotA hai| puNya aura pAparUpa pravRtti se prerita hokara acetana karma cetana ke pAsa Akara ( Asravita hokara ) bandha ko prApta hote haiN| ina acetana karmoM ke Ane ko rokanA ( saMvara ) tathA pahale se Ae hae karmoM ko pRthak karanA (nirjarA ) mokSa ke lie Avazyaka hai| isa taraha bandha, mokSa, cetana, acetana, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara aura nirjarA ye nau sArvabhauma satya hone se tathya ( tattva ) kahe gae haiN| inake svarUpAdi isa prakAra haiM : 1. jIva-cetana dravya / ise hI bandhana aura mokSa hotA hai| 2. ajIva-acetana dravya / vizeSakara vaha acetana dravya (karmapudgala) jisake sambandha se cetana bandhana ko aura viyoga se mukti ko prApta hotA hai| 3. puNya-cetana ke dvArA kie gae ahiMsA Adi zubha-kArya / 4. pApa-cetana ke dvArA kie gae hiMsA Adi azubha-kArya / 5. Asrava-mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti se puNya aura pAparUpa karmoM kA cetana ke pAsa AnA / ' Asrava se sAmAnyatayA 1. kAyavAGa manaHkarma yogaH / sa AsravaH / zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya / ta0 sU0 6.1-3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 181 pApAsrava ko samajhA jAtA hai| grantha meM bhI pApAsrava ke pA~ca bhedoM (hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura dhana-saJcaya ) kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| parantu pApAsrava kI taraha puNyAsrava bhI mukti ke lie tyAjya hai| 6. bandha-cetana ke sAtha acetana karma-paramANaoM kA sambandha honaa| 7. saMvara-puNya aura pAparUpa karmoM ko cetana ke pAsa Ane (Asrava) se rokanA / sAmAnyatayA pApAsrava ko rokanA saMvara kA kArya samajhA jAtA hai / grantha meM isake bhI pApAsrava virodhI pA~ca bhedoM kA saMketa hai| phala-prApti kI abhilASA ke binA kie jAne vAle satkarma saMvararUpa hote haiN| jaba jIva ahiMsAdi satkAryoM meM pravRtta hokara phalaprApti kI kAmanA karatA hai to ve puNyAsrava hokara bandha ke bhI kAraNa ho jAte haiN| jaise pUrvabhava meM phalAbhilASA se yukta (nidAnasahita) brahmadatta cakravartI aura phalAbhilASA se rahita cittamuni ke dvArA kie gae eka samAna ahiMsAdi puNya-karma agale bhava meM alaga-alaga phalavAle hue|" isa taraha phalAbhilASA (nidAna) 1. dekhie-pR0 166, pA0 Ti0 1; u0 16. 64; 20.45; 26.11. 2. ajjhatyahe niyayassa baMdho saMsAra heuM ca vayaMti bancha / -u0 14.16. mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH / sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAnpudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH / -ta0 sU0 8. 1-2. - AtmakarmaNoranyo'nya pradezAnupravezAtmako bandhaH / -sarvArthasiddhi, pR0 14. 3. AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / -ta0 sU0 6.1. 4. susaMvuDA paMcarhi sNvrehi| -u0 12.42. 5. kammA niyANapagaDA tume rAya ! vicitiyaa| tesi phalavivAgeNa vippogmuvaagyaa| -u0 13.8. tathA dekhie-u.13.1,28-30. For Personal & Private Use Only

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.182] uttarAvyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana pUrvaka kie gae sabhI puNyakarma AsravarUpa haiM aura phalAbhilASA. ke binA kie gae niSkAma karma saMvararUpa haiN| ataH anAsravI kA lakSaNa batalAte hue grantha meM kahA hai-'prANivadha, mRSAvAda, corI, maithuna, dhanasaMgraha, rAtribhojana tathA cAra kaSAyoM se rahita mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti meM sAvadhAna jitendriya jIva anAsravI kahalAtA hai|'' arthAt azubha-kAryoM kA sarvathA tyAga karake zubhakAryo meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka phalAbhilASA se rahita hokara pravRtti karanA saMvara kA kAraNa hai| grantha meM isa prakAra ke saMvara kA phala Asravanirodha ke bAda Rddhi-sampanna devapada yA siddhapada (mukti) kI prApti batalAyA hai / 8. nirjarA-pUrvabaddha karmoM ko AtmA se aMzataH * pRthak krnaa| yaha mokSa ke prati sAkSAt kAraNa hai / yadyapi pratikSaNa karmoM kI kucha na kucha nirjarA hotI rahatI hai parantu kucha nirjarA tapasyA Adi ke dvArA balAta bhI kI jAtI hai| isIlie isa nirjarA ko do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM : 1. sAmAnya-nirjarA aura 2. vishessnirjraa| apane Apa svAbhAvika rIti se binA prayatna ke pratikSaNa karmoM kA phala dekara cetana se pRthaka ho jAnA sAmAnya-nirjarA hai / isa prakAra kI nirjarA meM jIva ko koI prayatnavizeSa nahIM karanA par3atA hai / ataH prakRta meM isakA vicAra Avazyaka nahIM hai| dUsare prakAra kI nirjarA kA artha hai-tapAdi sAdhanoM ke dvArA karmoM ko balAt udaya meM lAkara cetana se pRthaka kara denA / isIlie jaina-granthoM meM sAmAnya nirjarA ko savipAka-nirjarA tathA anaupakramika-nirjarA (akRtrima-nijerA) kahA gayA hai| isake atirikta vizeSa-nijerA 1. pANivahamusAvAyA adattamehuNapariggahA virao / rAI bhoyaNavirao jIvo bhavai. aNAsavo // paMcasamio tigutto akasAo jiiNdio| agAravo ya nissallo jIvo hoi aNAsavo / -u0 30. 2-3. 2. u0 26.55; 5.25, 28. 3. ekadezakarmasaMkSayalakSaNA nirjraa| -sarvArthasiddhi 1.4. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 . ratnatraya [183 ko avipAka-nirjarA aura aupakramika-nirjarA ( kRtrima-nirjarA ) kahA gayA hai|' ___. mokSa-sabhI prakAra ke karma-bandhanoM se pUrNa chuTakArA pAnA yA cetana ke dvArA sva-svarUpa ko prApta kara lenA mokSa hai| yahI jIva kA antima lakSya hai jise prApta kara lene para jIva siddha, buddha, mukta aura ananta-sukha va zaktisampanna ho jAtA hai / isa avasthA ko prApta kara lene ke bAda cetana puna: kabhI bhI karmabandhana meM nahIM par3atA hai| ina nau tathyoM meM se puNya aura pApa ke AsravarUpa hone se tattvArthasUtra meM inakI saMkhyA sAta hI ginAI gaI hai aura inheM 'tattva' zabda se kahA hai| jaba puNya aura pApa ko Asrava se pRthak ginAyA jAtA hai taba inheM hI jaina-granthoM meM 'padArtha' zabda se kahA jAtA hai| isake atirikta jaba kevala jIva aura ajIva kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai taba ye 'dravya' zabda se kahe jAte haiN| vAstava meM jisa prakAra vaizeSikadarzana meM 'dravya' aura 'padArtha' meM bheda hai usa prakAra jaina-granthoM meM dravya, tattva aura padArtha (tattvArtha, artha yA tathya) ina zabdoM meM bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai kyoMki ye Apasa meM eka-dUsare se mile hue haiN| isake atirikta jaina-granthoM meM jIvAdi SaDadravyoM ko 'tattvArtha' zabda se tayA jIvAdi nau tathyoM (padArtho) ko 'artha' zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai| aisA hone para bhI 'dravya' zabda se loka 1. sarvArthasiddhi 8.23. 2. bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAM kRtsnakarma vipramokSo mokSaH / __ - ta0 sU0 10.2. . 3. jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / / / -ta0 sU0 1.4. 4. jIvAjIvAsavabaMdhasaMvaro NijjarA tahA mokkho| __ taccANi satta ede sapuNNapAvA payatthA ya // - laghu-dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 3. 5. jIvA poggalakAyA dhammAdhammA ya kAla AyA / taccatthA idi bhaNidA NANAguNapajjaehiM saMjuttA // -niyamasAra, gAthA 6. jIvAjIvA bhAvA puNNaM pAvaM ca AsavaM tesi / saMvaraNijjarabaMdho mokkho ya havaMti te aTThA // -paMcAstikAya, gAthA 108. For Personal & Private Use Only

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184 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kI racanA ke mUla upakaraNoM ko liyA jAtA hai tathA 'tattva' zabda se AdhyAtmika rahasya kA bhAvAtmaka vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai|' 'tattva' zabda ke dvArA pratipAdya artha kA hI vizeSa vyAkhyAna 'padArtha zabda ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| padArtha ko hI 'tathya' zabda se kahA gayA hai| grantha meM ina nau tathyoM ke viSaya meM eka nAva kA dRSTAnta bhI diyA gayA hai :2 . eka naukA saMsArarUpI samudra meM taira rahI hai jisameM do chidra haiM,.. unameM se eka se gandA aura dUsare se sApha pAnI A rahA hai| pAnI ke Ate rahane se nAva aba DUbane hI vAlI hai ki nAva kA mAlika una donoM chidroM ko banda kara detA hai jinase pAnI andara praveza kara rahA thA aura phira donoM hAthoM se usa bhare hue pAnI ko ulIcakara nikAlane lagatA hai| dhIre-dhIre vaha naukA pAnI se khAlI ho jAtI hai aura pAnI kI sataha para Akara abhISTa sthAna ko prApta karA detI hai| isa taraha isa dRSTAnta meM naukA zarIra sthAnApanna (ajIva) hai, nAvika jIva hai, gande aura sApha pAnI Ane ke donoM chidra kramazaH pApa aura puNyarUpa haiM, jala kA nAva meM praveza karanA Asrava hai, jala kA nAva meM ekatrita honA bandha hai, pAnI Ane ke srotoM (chidroM) ko banda karanA saMvara hai, pAnI ko ulIcanA nirjarA hai aura 1. tattva zabdo bhaavsaamaanyvaacii| katham ? taditi sarvanAmapadam / sarvanAma ca sAmAnye vartate / tasya bhAvastatvam / tasya kasya ? yo'rthoM yayAvasthitastathA tasya bhvnmityrthH| aryata ityartho nizcIyata ityarthaH / ttvenaarthstttvaarthH| athavA bhAvena bhAvavato'bhidhAnaM, tadavyatirekAt tttvmevaarthstttvaarthH|| -sarvArthasiddhi 1.2. 2. jA u assAviNI nAvA na sA pArassa gAmiNI / jA nirassAviNI nAvA sA u pArassa gAmiNI // sarIramAhu nAvatti jIvo vaccai naavio| saMsAro aNNavo vutto jaM taraMti mahesiNo // -u0 23.71-73. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [185 jala ke pUrNarUpa se pRthak kara dene para nAva kA pAnI kI sataha para A jAnA mokSa hai| bhagavAna buddha ne bhI isI tathya kA sAkSAtkAra karake isakA hI cAra AryasatyoM ke rUpa meM upadeza diyA hai| cUMki bauddhadarzana meM koI sthAyI cetana va acetana padArtha svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai ataH uttarAdhyayana meM pratipAdita nau tathyoM ko jina pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai unameM se prathama bhAga meM ginAe gae jIva aura ajIva ko chor3akara zeSa sAta tathyoM ko hI uparyukta krama se nimnokta cAra Arya-satyoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : 1 1. du.kha satya-saMsAra meM janma, jarA, maraNa, iSTa-viyoga, aniSTa-saMyoga Adi duHkha dekhe jAte haiM / ataH duHkha satya hai| 2. duHkha-kAraNa satya ( du.kha-samRdaya satya )-jaba duHkha haiM to duHkha ke kAraNa bhI avazya haiN| 3. duHkha-nirodha satya-yadi duHkha aura du:kha ke kAraNa haiM to kAraNa ke nAza hone para kAryarUpa duHkha kA bhI vinAza honA caahie| isa taraha duHkha-nirodha bhI satya hai / .. 4. duHkha-nirodhamArga satya-duHkhoM ko dUra karane kA rAstA bhI hai / ataH duHkha-nirodhamArga bhI satya hai / isa taraha cetana-acetana dravya haiM yA nahIM, paramArtha meM sukha hai yA nahIM ? isakA koI samucita uttara na dekara bhagavAn buddha ne yaha kahA ki uparyukta cAra bAteM satya haiM / duHkha se chuTakArA cAhate ho to ina cAra AryasatyoM para vizvAsa karake duHkha-nirodha ke mArga kA anusaraNa kro| duHkha-nirodha ke mArga meM jina upAyoM ko bauddhadarzana meM batalAyA gayA hai ve hI upAya prAyaH uttarAdhyayana meM bhI haiM, parantu mukhya antara yaha hai ki jahA~ bauddhadarzana mukti ke lie 1. satyAnyuktAni catvAri duHkhaM samudaya stathA / nirodho mArga eteSAM yathAbhisamayaM kramaH / / - amidharmakoSa 6.2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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186] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana AtmA ke abhAva (nairAtmya) kI bhAvanA para jora detA hai| vahA~ / uttarAdhyayana AtmA ke sadbhAva kI bhAvanA para jora detA hai|2 / mukti kA sAdhana-ratnatraya : ___ upayukta nau tathyoM meM 'saMvara' aura 'nirjarA' jo saMsAra . se nivRtti kI vyAkhyA karate haiM unameM kramazaH batalAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra AnevAle navIna karmoM ko rokA jA sakatA hai aura kisa prakAra ekatrita hue purAne karmoM ko naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa taraha saMvara aura nirjarA ye donoM tattva AcaraNIya AcArazAstra yA dharmazAstra kA pratipAdana karate haiN| parantu AcAra (dharma) kI pUrNatA aura samyakarUpatA ke lie ina nau tathyoM kA saccAjJAna aura una para dRr3ha-vizvAsa kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki AcAra ke samyakapane ke lie Avazyaka hai ki usakA saccAjJAna ho aura jJAna kI prApti ke lie usa jJAna ko prApta karane kI tIvra abhilASA ke sAtha dar3ha vizvAsa / grantha meM isI kathana ko puSTa karate hue likhA hai-'sacce vizvAsa (darzana) ke binA saccA jJAna nahIM hotA, sacce jJAna ke binA saccA cAritra nahIM hotA, sacce 1. tasmAdanAdisantAnatulya jAtIyabIjikAM / utkhAtamUlAGa kuruta satvadRSTimumukSavaH / -pramANavArtika 2.257-258. yaH pazyatyAtmAnaM tatrAhamiti zAzvataH snehaH / AtmanisatiparasaMjJA svaparavibhAgAta prigrhdvesso| . anayo saMpratibaddhAH sarve doSAH prajAyante / / -pramANavArtika 2.218-221. 2. evaM loe palittammi jarAe maraNeNa ya / appANaM tAraissAmi tubbhehi annumnnio|| -u0 16.24. tathA dekhie-u0 15.1,3,5,15; 18.30-31,33.46 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [187 cAritra ke binA karma se mukti nahIM milatI aura karma se mukti ke binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| sacce vizvAsa ke abhAva meM samyaka cAritra ho hI nahIM sktaa| isake atirikta jahA~ saccA vizvAsa hai vahA~ saccA cAritra ho yA na ho ubhaya koTiyA~ ( bhajanIya) saMbhava haiN| kiJca, sacce vizvAsa (samyaktva yA samyagdarzana) aura sacce cAritra ke sAtha-sAtha utpanna hone para pahale vizvAsa (samyaktva) kI hI utpatti hogii|' isa taraha mukti ke lie sarvaprathama tathyoM meM zraddhA phira unakA samyakajJAna aura tadanusAra AcaraNa Avazyaka hai| yadyapi grantha meM aise bhI sthala haiM jahA~ para vizvAsa (zraddhA yA samyagdarzana), jJAna aura sadAcAra ko pRthakapRthak tathA unake pratyeka aMza ko lekara (sAkSAta yA paramparayA) mokSa ke prati svatantra rUpa se kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai; kahIM-kahIM ina tIna ke atirikta tapa, kSamA nirlobhatA Adi kAraNoM ko bhI pRthakarUpa se jor3akara cAra, pA~ca, chaH Adi kAraNoM ko ginAyA gayA hai| parantu parIkSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki jahA~-jahA~ pRthak-pRthak aMza ko lekara mukti ke prati kAraNatA batalAI gaI hai vahA~-vahA~ una-una aMzoM meM anya aMza gatArtha haiM tathA usa aMzavizeSa kA mahattva batalAne ke lie aisA kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra jahA~ zraddhA, jJAna aura sadAcAra ke sAtha tapa, kSamA Adi kA sanniveza kiyA gayA hai vahA~ bhI tapAdi aMzoM ke mahattva para jora dene ke lie unheM alaga se jor3A gayA hai anyathA tapa, kSamA Adi anya sabhI kAraNa sadAcAra, jJAna evaM vizvAsarUpa kAraNatraya meM hI gatArtha haiN| isa kathana kI puSTi meM maiM yahA~ para uttarAdhyayana se kucha prasaGga uddhRta karatA hU~ : 1. natthi carittaM sammattavihaNaM dasaNe u bhaiyatra / sammattacarittAI jugavaM putvaM va sammataM / / nAdaMsaNissa nANaM nANeNa viNA na hu~ti crnngunn|| aguNissa natthi mokkho natthi amokkhassa nivvANaM / / -u0 28.26-30. 2. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-u0, adhyayana 28-26, 31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 188 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana - 1. kezi-gautama saMvAda meM batalAyA gayA hai ki nizcaya se jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hI mokSa ke sadbhUta sAdhana haiM, anya bAhya veSabhUSAdi nahIM / aisI donoM jaina upadezakoM (bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra) kI pratijJA hai|' 2. mokSamArgagati nAmaka 28veM adhyayana ke prArambha meM kahA hai'jJAna aura darzana jisake lakSaNa haiM aise cAra kAraNoM se yukta yathArtha mokSamArga kI gati ko tuma mujhase suno| jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa-yaha mokSa-mArga hai| jo isa mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai vaha sugati2 (mokSa) ko prApta karatA hai| aisA bhagavAna jinendra ne kahA hai|"3 Age isI bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue grantha meM likhA hai - 'jJAna se padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, darzana se una para zraddhA karatA hai, cAritra se karmAsravoM ko rokatA hai aura tapa se zuddhatA ko prApta karatA hai| isa taraha jo saba prakAra ke duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAnA cAhate haiM ve saMyama aura tapa se pUrvabaddha karmoM ko naSTa karate haiN| karmoM ke kSaya karane meM vizeSa upayogI hone ke kAraNa yahA~ 1. aha bhave painnA u mokkhsmbhuuysaahnnaa| ___ nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva carittaM ceva nicchie / / -u0 23.33. 2. cattAri suggaIo paNNattAo, taM jahA-siddha suggaI, devasuggaI, maNuya. suggaI, sukulpccaayaaii| - sthAnAGgasUtra 4.1.26. 3. mokkhamaggagaI taccaM suNeha jiNabhAsiyaM / ca ukAraNasaM juttaM nANadaMsaNalakkhaNaM / / nANaM ca saNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo tahA / eyaMmaggamaNuppattA jIvA gacchaMti soggaI // -u028.1-3. 4. nANeNa jANaI bhAve daMsaNeNa ya sarahe / caritteNa nigiNhAi taveNa parisujjhaI // khavettA puvakammAI saMjameNa taveNa ya / savvadukkhappahINaTThA pakkamaMti mahesiNo / / -u0 28 35-36. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3.ratnatraya [189 tapa ko sadAcAra se pRthak ginAyA gayA hai| anyathA tapa sadAcAra se pRthak anya kAraNa nahIM hai| isake atirikta yahA~ jJAna aura darzana ko mokSamArga kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai jisase spaSTa hai ki jJAna aura darzana ke abhAva meM kiyA gayA sadAcAra abhISTa sAdhaka nahIM hai| 3. rathanemI adhyayana meM jaba ariSTanemI dIkSA le lete haiM to vAsudeva kahate haiM-'he jitendriya ! tU zIghra hI abhISTa manoratha ko prApta kr| jJAna, darzana, cAritra tapa, kSamA aura nirlobhatA se vaddhi ko prApta kara / 1 yahA~ tapa, kSamA aura nirlobhatA ye bhI cAritra ke hI aMza haiN| 4. jaba mRgAputra siddhagati ko prApta karatA hai to usa samaya grantha meM kahA gayA hai-'isa taraha jJAna, sadAcAra, vizvAsa, tapa aura vizuddha bhAvanAoM ke dvArA apanI AtmA ko parizuddha karake, bahuta varSoM taka sAdha-dharma kA pAlana karake tathA eka mAsa kA upavAsa karake usane anuttara siddha -gati ko prApta kiyaa|2 yahA~ sAdha-dharma kA pAlana, bhAvanAoM kA cintana, upavAsa Adi ratnatraya kI hI vRddhi meM sahAyaka aGga haiN| 5. 'bodhilAbha' ko bhagavAna kI stuti kA phala batalAte hae kahA gayA hai- 'jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa bodhilAbha se yukta hokara jIva yA to saMsAra ke AvAgamana kA anta karane vAle sthAna mokSa) ko prApta karatA hai yA kalpavimAnavAsI deva-pada ko prApta karatA hai| isI taraha sarvaguNasampannatA (jJAna-darzana-cAritra) kA phala apunarAvRttipada (mokSa) kI prApti batalAyA gayA hai| 1. vAsudevo ya NaM bhaNai luttakesaM jiiMdiyaM / icchiyamaNorahe turiyaM pAvesU taM damIsarA / / nANeNaM daMsaNaNaM ca caritteNa taheva ya / / . khaMtIe muttIe naDDhamANo bhavAhi ya // - -u0 22.25-26. 2. u0 16.65-66. 3. u0 26.14. 4. savvaguNasaMpannayAe NaM apuNarAvitti jaNayai / apuNarAvitti pattae ya NaM jIve sArIramANasANaMdukkhANaM no bhAgI bhavai / -u0 26.44, For Personal & Private Use Only

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160 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 6 pramAdasthAnIya adhyayana ke prArambha meM sampUrNa duHkhoM se mukti kA ekAnta hitakArI upAya batalAte hue kahA hai- 'sampUrNa jJAna ke prakAza se, ajJAna aura moha ke tyAga se, rAga aura dveSa ke kSaya se ekAnta sukharUpa mokSa prApta hotA hai|'' isI taraha isake Age bhI isI tathya kA samarthana karate hue likhA hai- 'zreSTha aura vRddha logoM (sthavira-muniyoM) kI sevA (sadAcAra), mUrkha puruSoM kI saMgati kA tyAga (samyagdarzana), ekAnta meM nivAsa, svAdhyAya, sUtrArtha-cintana (samyakjJAna) aura dhairya yaha mokSa kA mArga hai / '2 ___ isa taraha vizvAsa (samyagdarzana - samyaktva), jJAna (samyagjJAna) aura sadAcAra (samyakcAritra) rUpa ratnatraya hI mukti kA pradhAna sAdhana hai| yahA~ itanA vizeSa hai ki ye tInoM milakarake ho mukti ke sAdhana haiM, pRthaka-pRthak tIna sAdhana nahIM haiN| ataH ye gItA ke bhaktiyoga ( vizvAsa-samyaktva ), jJAnayoga ( samyagjJAna ) aura karmayoga ( sadAcAra ) kI taraha pRthaka-pRthaka tIna mArga nahIM haiN| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne isIlie ratnatraya ko mokSa kA mArga batalAte hue 'mArga' zabda meM ekavacana kA prayoga kiyA hai| __ jJAnamAtra se mukti saMbhava nahIM-'jJAna ke binA mukti saMbhava nahIM hai'5 isa vaidika-saMskRti meM vizvAsa karane vAle aura jJAnamAtra 1. accaMtakAlassa samUlagassa savvassa dukkhassa u jo pamokkho / taM bhAsao me paDipuNNacittA suNeha egaggahiyaM hiyatthaM // nANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe annANamohassa vivajjapAe / rAgassa dosassa ya saMkhaeNaM egantasokkhaM samuvei mokkhaM // -u0 32.1.2. 2. u0 32.3. 3. bhA0 da0 ba0, pR0 81. 4. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / - ta0 sU0 1.1. 5. tameva viditvA'timRtyumeti / nAnyaH panthA vidyate'yanAya // - zvetAzvataropaniSad 6.15. tathA dekhie-vahI 3.8. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 191 se mukti ko mAnane vAloM ke prati grantha meM kahA hai-'kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM ki pApAcAra kA tyAga kie binA mAtra AryakarmoM kA jJAna kara lene se du:khoM se chuTakArA mila jAtA hai| isa taraha jJAnamAtra se bandhana aura mokSa kA kathana karane vAle ye AcArahIna vyakti svayaM ko sirpha apane vacanoM se Azvasta karate haiM kyoMki jaba aneka prakAra kI bhASAoM kA jJAna rakSaka nahIM ho sakatA hai taba maMtrAdi vidyAoM kA sIkhanAmAtra (vidyAnuzAsana) kaise rakSaka ho sakatA hai ? isa taraha pApa-karma meM nimagna aura apane Apako paNDita mAnane vAle ye loga vAstava meM mUrkha haiN|'' isase spaSTa hai ki jJAnamAtra se mukti kI kalpanA karanA mUrkhatA hai| vAstava meM cAritra ke binA jJAna paMgu evaM bhArarUpa hai, jJAna ke binA cAritra andhA hai tathA dRr3ha vizvAsa ke binA jJAna aura cAritra meM prANarUpatA ( dRr3hatA ) kA abhAva hai| yadi AcArarUpa kriyA ke abhAva meM mAtra jJAnase kArya-siddhi mAna lI jAe to eka DAkTara joki saba rogoM kI davA jAnatA hai, binA davA khAe hI svastha ho jAnA cAhie / parantu aisA dekhA nahIM jAtA hai| yahA~ eka prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaba grantha meM saMsAra evaM duHkha kA mUla kAraNa ajJAna batalAyA gayA hai to phira usase nivRtti kA upAya bhI jJAna hI honA cAhie; zraddhA evaM cAritra ko mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yadyapi yaha kathana ThIka hai parantu usa sacce jJAna kI prApti ke lie dRr3ha-zraddhA aura AcAra bhI apekSita hai| jaba taka dRr3ha-zraddhA nahIM hogI. taba taka jJAna kI prApti ke lie jhukAva bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai tathA jaba taka indriyoM kI caJcalatA ko rokakara jJAnaprApti ke lie prayatna nahIM kiyA jAegA taba taka jJAna kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| 1. ihamege u mannaMti appaccakkhAya pAvagaM / AyariyaM vidittA NaM savvadukkhA vimuccaI // bhaNaMtA akareMtA ya bNdhmokkhpinnnninno| vAyaviriyametteNa samAsAseMti appayaM // na cittA tAyae bhAsA kuo vijjANusAsaNaM / visaNNA pAvakammehiM bAlA paMDiyamANiNo / / -u0 6.6-11. For Personal & Private Use Only

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12) uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana isa taraha jJAna aura cAritra donoM sAtha-sAtha Age bar3hate haiN| jaba sAdhaka ko saccA va pUrNa jJAna ho jAtA hai to vaha saMsAra ke bandhana se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai kyoMki jaba saccA evaM pUrNa jJAna ho jAtA hai to vaha kabhI bhI galata AcaraNa nahIM kara sakatA hai| isIlie bhRgupurohita ke donoM putra apane pitA se kahate haiM'jisa prakAra hama logoM ne dharma ko na jAnate hae ajJAnavaza ( mohavaza ) pahale pApa-karma kie the usa prakAra aba hama Apake dvArA roke jAne para aura rakSA kie jAne para punaH una karmoM ko nahIM kreNge| isake atirikta grantha meM pUrNajJAnI ko jIvanmukta ( kevalI ) kahA gayA hai| isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki kevala jJAnamAtra se mukti ho jAtI hai kyoMki pUrvabaddha karmoM kA phala avazya bhoktavya hone ke kAraNa pUrNa-mUkti ke lie pUrNajJAna ke bAvajUda bhI sadAcAra kI AvazyakatA hai| yadi pUrNajJAna mAtra se hI mukti mAna lI jAtI to jinendra devoM kA upadeza prAmANika nahIM hotA kyoMki pUrNajJAna ho jAne para ve saMsAra meM na raheMge aura pUrNajJAna ke pUrva diyA gayA unakA upadeza prAmANika na hogaa| isa taraha jJAna ke binA cAritra aura cAritra ke binA jJAna donoM paGga haiN| grantha meM jJAna kI apekSA kahIM-kahIM AcAra ko pradhAnatA dene kA mukhya prayojana thA ki usa samaya loga mAtra veda-jJAna ko mukti kA sAdhana mAnakara apane AcAra se patita ho rahe the| zabdajJAna mAtra se cAritra zuddha nahIM hotA hai / ataH usa jJAna meM dRr3ha vizvAsa bhI Avazyaka hai| isIlie jJAna aura AcAra ke pUrva zraddhAparaka samyaktva yA samyagdarzana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai kyoMki kisI bhI jIva kA jJAna kitanA hI ucca-koTi kA kyoM na ho vaha taba taka samyaka nahIM kahalA sakatA hai jaba taka use samyagdarzana na ho| 1. jahA vayaM dhammamajANa mANA pAvaM purA kammamakAsi mohA / orubbhamANA parirakkhiyaMtA taM neva bhujjo vi smaayraamo|| -u014.20. 2. dekhie-prakaraNa 6. 3.. jIvAdIsadahaNaM sammattaM rUva mappaNo taM tu / durabhiNivesavimukkaM gANaM sammaM khu hodi sadi jamhi // --dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 41. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 193 grantha meM yadyapi chandobaddhatA yA pradhAnatA prakaTa karane ke kAraNa darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kA vyutkrama se bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai parantu jahAM inake krama kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai vahAM spaSTa kahA hai ki darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA, jJAna ke binA saccAritra nahIM hotA tathA saccAritra ke binA karmoM se mukti nahIM milatI / " gItA meM bhI yahI krama batalAte hue kahA hai : 'zraddhAvAn hI pahale jJAna prApta karatA hai aura jJAna-prApti ke bAda saMyatendriya ( sadAcAra meM pravRtti karane vAlA ) banatA hai / isI prakAra bauddhadarzana meM bhI jJAna (prajJA), AcAra ( zIla) aura tapa (samAdhi) ko ratnatraya ( tIna ratna ) kahA gayA hai tathA ina tIna ratnoM kI prApti ke pUrva samyaktva ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isa taraha duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie ratnatraya kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai / " jainadarzana meM 'ratnatraya' ke nAma se prasiddha mokSa ke ina tIna raat kA ho sammilita nAma grantha meM 'dharma' bhI milatA hai | ataH 1. dekhie - pR0 187, pA0 Ti0 1. 2. zraddhAvallabhate jJAnaM tatparaH saMyatendriyaH / jJAnaM labdhA parAM zAntimacireNAdhigacchati // -- gItA 4. 36. 3. samyakjJAna, samyaksaMkalpa ( dRr3ha nizcaya), samyakvacana ( satyavacana ), samyak karmAnta ( hiMsAdi se rahita karma ), samyakAjIva ( sadAcArapUrNa jIvikA ), samyak vyAyAma ( bhalAI ke lie prayatna ), samyak smRti ( anitya kI bhAvanA ) tathA samyaksamAdhi ( citta kI ekAgratA ) | isa taraha samyaktva ATha prakAra kA hai / 4. bhA0 da0 ba0, pR0 155. 5. ajJAna se viSAkta bhojana kara lene vAle rogI ke svAsthyalAbha ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha sarvaprathama DAkTara yA auSadhi Adi para vizvAsa kare, auSadhisevana kI vidhi Adi kA jJAna ho aura tadanusAra usakA sevana kre| inameM se eka kI bhI kamI hone para jaise svAsthya kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai vaise hI saMsAra ke duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA Avazyaka hai / -- dekhie - sarvArthasiddhi 1.1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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164] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana caturaGgIya nAmaka tIsare adhyayana meM dharma ke sAdhanabhUta uttarottara sarvazreSTha cAra durlabha-aGgoM kA pratipAdana karate hue ina tIna ratnoM ko hI ginAyA gayA hai / ve cAra durlabha-aGga isa prakAra haiM :' 1. manuSyatva-yahAM manuSyatva se tAtparya zreSTha-jAti va zreSTha-kula Adi se sampanna manuSyaparyAya kI prApti se hai / manuSyaparyAya meM hI pUrNa cAritra kA pAlana kara sakanA saMbhava hone se isa paryAya kI prApti devAdi anya paryAyoM kI prApti kI apekSA zreSTha batalAI gaI hai| ataH prathama to manuSya-janma pAnA hI kaThina hai phira usameM bhI zreSTha kUla Adi kA prApta honA aura bhI adhika kaThina hai| isa taraha isa durlabha-aGga meM ratnatrayarUpa dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAle adhi. kArI kI durlabhatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 2. zratizravaNa-zAstrajJAna / yadi kisI taraha manuSyatA kI prApti ho bhI gaI to bhI dharmazAstra kA jJAna milanA sabako sulabha nahIM hotA hai| isa taraha yahA~ samyagjJAna kI durlabhatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai kyoMki zAstra jJAna-prApti ke sAdhana haiN| 3. zraddhA-zAstrajJAna kI satyatA meM dRr3ha vizvAsa kA honaa| zAstrajJAna ho jAne para bhI usakI satyatA meM sabako vizvAsa honA kaThina hai kyoMki bahuta se loga zAstrajJa hokara bhI dRr3ha-zraddhA ke abhAva meM AcArahIna dekhe jAte haiN| isameM zraddhArUpa samyagdarzana kI durlabhatA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ___ 4. saMyama meM puruSArtha-sadAcAra meM pravRtti / zAstrajJAna aura usakI satyatA meM vizvAsa hone para bhI rAgAdirUpa pravRtti ke kAraNa sadAcAra kA pAlana karanA atyadhika kaThina hai| yahA~ samyakacAritra kI durlabhatA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha dharma ke sAdhanabhUta ina cAra durlabha aMgoM kI prApti meM jJAnarUpa zratizravaNa kA jo zraddhA ke pUrva kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha jJAna kI prApti ke sAdhanabhUta zruti-zravaNa kI durlabhatA kI apekSA se hai kyoMki zrutizravaNa aura zraddhA ke bAda hI jJAna kI 1. dekhie-pR0 108, pA0 di0 2; u0 3.8-11; AcArAGgasUtra 2.1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 195 pUrNatA saMbhava hai| binA zraddhA ke jJAna kI prApti meM prayatna hI saMbhava nahIM hai / isake atirikta yaha bhI satya hai ki jaise-jaise jJAna bar3hatA jAtA hai vaise-vaise zraddhA meM bhI dRr3hatA AtI jAtI hai tathA sadAcAra meM bhI pravRtti bar3hatI jAtI hai| yadyapi jJAna kI prApti meM sadAcAra bhI Avazyaka hai parantu cAritra kI pUrNatA jJAna kI pUrNatA hone para hI sambhava hone se use jJAna se adhika durlabha aura zreSTha kahA gayA hai| dharma ke sAdhanabhUta ina cAroM durlabha-aGgoM kI prApti kA phala mukti yA Rddhisampanna devatA-pada kI prApti batalAyA gayA hai|' ___ anyatra bhI mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko 'dharma' zabda se kahA gayA hai| yaha 'dharma' zabda prathama prakaraNa meM prayukta gati. meM sahAyaka 'dharmadravya' se pRthak hai / isa ratnatrayarUpa 'dharma' ko saMsArarUpI samudra meM zaraNabhUta-dvIpa,3 paraloka-yAtrA meM sahAyaka pAtheya aura mRtyu-samaya kA rakSaka5 1. mANu sattammi AyAo jo dhamma socca saddahe / tavassI vIriyaM laddhaM saMvuDe niddhaNera yaM // sohI ujjuyabhUyassa dhammo suddhassa ciTThaI / nivvANaM paramaM jAi ghayasittivva pAvae / -u0 3.11-12. 2. samIcIna dharmazAstra 1.2-3; manusmRti 2.1; yazastilakacampU 6.268. 3. jarAmaraNavegeNaM vujjhamANANa pANiNaM / dhammo dIvo paiTThA gai saraNamuttamaM / / -u0 23.68. 4. addhANaM jo mahaMtaM tu sapAheo pvjjii| gacchaMto so suhI hoi chuhAtahAvivajjio // evaM dhamma pi kAUNaM jo gacchai paraM bhavaM / / gacchaMto so suhI hoi appakamme aveyaNe / -u0 16.21-22. 5. ekko hu dhammo naradeva ! tANaM na vijjaI annamiheha kiMci / -u0 14.40. For Personal & Private Use Only

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196] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kahA gayA hai| jo dharma se yukta hai usakA jIvana saphala hai' aura vaha svayaM kA svAmI hote hae dUsaroM kA bhI svAmI hai| vahI sabAndhava evaM nAthoM kA bhI nAtha (svAmI) hai 3 jo dharma se yukta hai| isake atirikta jo dharma se hIna hai vaha anAtha hai| 'dharma' eka rAjamArga hai jisa para calakara pratyeka prANI sukha kA anubhava karatA hai tathA 'adharma' eka kaNTakAkIrNamArga hai jisa para calane se prANI parezAniyoM kA anubhava karatA hai|5 dharma sundara hai tathA isakA AzrayaNa karane se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| yaha dharma daidIpyamAna agni kI taraha zuddha evaM sarala hRdaya meM hI ThaharatA hai| ata : isake grahaNa karane meM vilamba na karane ko kahA gayA hai| 1. jA jA vaccai rayaNI na sA paDiniyattaI / dhamma ca kuNamANassa saphalA jati rAio // -u0 14.25 tathA dekhie-u0 14.24; 4.1; 6.11. 2. khaMto daMto nirArambho pavvaIo'NagAriyaM / , to haM nAho jAo appaNo ya parassa ya // -u0 20.34-35. 3. tubbhe saNAhA ya sabaMdhavA ya jaM bhe ThiyA maggi jiNuttamANaM / taMsi nAho aNAhANaM savvabhUyANa saMjayA / / ' -u0 20.55-56. 4. u0 20.8-16. 5. jahA sAgaDio jANaM samaM hiccA mahApahaM / visamaM maggamoiNNo akkhe bhaggammi soyaI / evaM dhamma viukkamma ahamma pddivjjiyaa| bAle maccamuhaM patte akkhe bhagge va soyaI / / -u0 5.14-15. tathA dekhie-u013.21. 6. dekhie-pR0 165, pA0 Ti0 1. 7. dhammaM ca pesalaM NaccA tattha Thavejja bhikkhu appANaM / -u0 8.16. ajjeva dhamma paDivajjayAmo jahiM pavannA na punnbbhvaamo| u0 14.28. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 197 isa taraha isa 'dharma' zabda kA prayoga yahAM para mukti ke sAdhaka ratnatraya ke artha meM hI kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnya vyavahAra meM bhI ahiMsAdi zubha-kAryoM ke karane ko 'dharma' kahA jAtA hai| mImAMsAdarzana meM jisa vaidika yAgAdi-kriyA ko 'dharma' zabda se kahA gayA hai| vaha yahAM para eka prakAra ke 'karma' ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| bhAratIya dharma-paramparA meM mAne gae dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra prakAra ke puruSArthoM meM 'dharma' kA hI pramukha sthAna hai kyoMki dharma se hI artha, kAma aura mokSa ko prApti hotI hai| isa taraha 'dharma' zabda kA artha hai-'mukti kA mArga' aura mukti kA mArga hai - 'samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra / ' aba kramazaH ina tInoM kA granthAnusAra varNana kiyA jAegA : samyagdarzana ( satya-zraddhA) sAmAnyataura se samyak-darzana zabda kA sammilita artha haisatya kA dekhanA yA satya kA sAkSAtkAra krnaa| satya kA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra cakSu indriya ke dvArA saMbhava na hone se satyabhUta jo nava tathya batalAe gae haiM unake sadbhAva meM vizvAsa karanA samyagdarzana hai| ina tathyoM meM zraddhA karane para cetana-acetana kA bhedajJAna, saMsAra ke viSayoM se virakti, mokSa ke prati jhakAva, paralokAdi ke sadabhAva meM vizvAsa, aura cetanamAtra ke prati dayAdibhAva utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra ke bhAvoM ke utpanna hone para jIva dhIre-dhIre satya kA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai| ataH jainadarzana meM samyagdarzana ke guNarUpa pA~ca cihna svIkAra kie gae haiM jinakA 1. atha ko dharmaH .....yAgAdireva dharmaH...... codanAlakSaNo'rtho dharma' iti / -arthasaMgraha, logAkSIbhAskara, pR0 6-8. 2. tahiyANaM tu bhAvANaM sabbhAve uvaesaNaM / bhAveNa saddahatassa sammattaM taM viyAhiyaM / -u0 28.15. tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / -ta0 sU0 1.2. tathA dekhie-pR0 188, pA0 Ti0 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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168 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana grantha meM zabdataH spaSTarUpa se kathana na hone para bhI unatIsaveM adhyayana meM samyaktva ke prasaGga meM una cihnoM se yukta guNoM kA phala avazya batalAyA gayA hai / samyagdarzana ke cihna-samyagdarzana ke guNarUpa cihnoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM: 1. saMvega (mokSa ke prati jhukAva ), 2. nirveda ( sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM se virakti ), 3. anukampA ( prANimAtra ke prati dayAbhAva ), 4. Astikya (jIva, ajIva, paraloka Adi kI sattA meM vizvAsa) aura 5. prazama (rAga-dveSAtmaka vRttiyoM ke upasthita hone para bhI zAnta-pariNAmoM se vicalita na honaa)| samyagdarzana ke ina pA~ca cihnoM meM se grantha meM 'saMvega', 'nirveda' aura 'Astikya' ( anuttara-dharmazraddhA) ko paraspara eka-dUsare kA pUraka batalAte hue tRtIya-janma kA atikramaNa kie binA karmoM kA kSaya karake (Atmavizuddha hokara) mokSaprAptikA adhikArI batalAyA hai| kahIM-kahIM grantha meM saMvega va nirveda kI prApti ko samyaktva kI prApti ke rUpa meM batalAyA gayA hai| 'anukampA' ahiMsA kA hI pratiphala hai tathA prazamabhAva ke binA saMvegAdi bhAva nahIM ho sakate haiM kyoMki jaba citta rAgAdi vRttiyoM ke upasthita hone para apane zAnta1. bhA0 saM0 ja0, pR0 242; yazastilakacampU, pR0 323. 2. saMvegeNaM bhaMte ! jIve ki jaNayai ? saMvegeNaM aNuttaraM dhammasaddhaM jaNayai / aNuttarAe dhammasaddhAe saMvegaM havamAgacchai / aNaMtANubaMdhikohamANamAyAlobhe khavei / navaM ca kamma na baMdhai / tappaccaiyaM ca NaM micchattavisohi kAUNa daMsaNArAhae bhvi| daMsaNavisohIe ya NaM visuddhAe atthe gaie teNeva bhavaggahaNeNaM sijjhaI / visohIe ya NaM visuddhAe taccaM puNo bhavaggahaNaM naaikkmi| -u0 26.1. tathA dekhie-u0 26.2-3. 3. soUNa tassa sodhamma aNagArassa aMtie / mahayA saMveganivveyaM samAvanno narAhivo / / -u0 18.18. tathA dekhie-u0 21.10; 26.60. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 166 pariNAmoM se yukta na rahegA to viSayoM se virakti aura saMvegAdibhAva kaise ho sakate haiM ? isa taraha samyagdarzana prazama, saMvega, nirveda, anukampA aura Astikya ina pAMca guNoM se yukta hotA hai| jaba taka pAMcoM guNoM kI prApti nahIM hogI taba taka jIvAdi tathyoM meM zraddhA utpanna nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa Astikya guNa-vizeSa ko lekara tathyoM meM zraddhA kiyA gayA hai| Age calakara jainadarzana meM yahI zraddhAparaka samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa vyAvahArika-samyagdarzana kahalAne lagA tathA sva aura para ( cetana aura acetana ) kA bhedajJAna nizcaya-samyagdarzana ( paramArtha-samyagdarzana ) / isa taraha apekSA-bheda se samyagdarzana ke lakSaNa meM bheda hone para bhI grantha meM svIkRta lakSaNa meM koI bAdhA nahIM par3atI hai kyoMki acetana se cetana kA pRthaka pratItirUpa sva-parabhedajJAna samyagdarzana ke AstikyaguNa kA hI rUpa-vizeSa hai tathA sva-parabhedajJAna hue binA tathyoM meM zraddhA nahIM ho sakatI hai| jIvAdi tathyoM meM zraddhA hone para sva-parabhedajJAna svataH ho jAtA hai| ataH jovAdi tathyoM meM zraddhA honA samyagdarzana hai tathA inameM zraddhA na honA mithyAtva yA mithyAdarzana hai| isa taraha yadi hama dUsare zabdoM meM samyagdarzana kA svarUpa batalAnA cAheM to kaha sakate haiM ki dharma kI ora pravRtta honA, satya kA bodha honA, viSayoM se virakti honA, zarIra se pRthak jIva (cetana) ke astitva kA bodha honA Adi saba samyagdarzana hai| isIlie grantha meM saMvegAdi kI prApti ko samyagdarzana kI prApti ke artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana ke ATha aGga : samyagdarzana nimnokta ATha vizeSa bAtoMpara nirbhara karatA hai jo samyagdarzana ke ATha aGga kahalAte haiM / una ATha aGgoM ke nAma ye haiM : 2 1. chahaDhAlA 3.1-3. 2. nissaMkiya-nikkaMkhiya-nivvitigicchA amUDhadiThI ya / uvavUha-thirIkaraNe vacchallapabhAvaNe aTTha // -u0 28.31. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-puruSArthasiddha yupAya, zloka 23-30; samIcIna dharmazAstra, zloka 11-18,21. For Personal & Private Use Only

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200] utarAvyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 1. niHzaMkita (tattvoM meM kisI prakAra kI zaGkA na honA), 2. niHkAMkSita (sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM kI icchA na karanA), 3. nivicikitsA (dharma ke phala meM sandeha na karanA), 4. amUr3hadRSTi (nAnA prakAra ke mata-matAntaroM ko dekhakara bhI tathyoM meM avizvAsa na karanA arthAta mUDhatA ko prApta na hokara dharma meM zraddhA ko dRr3ha banAe rakhanA), 5. upavahA' (guNI puruSoM kI prazaMsA karanA), 6. sthirIkaraNa 2 (dharma se patita hone vAle ko sanmArga meM dar3ha karanA), 7. vAtsalya (sahadharmiyoM se premabhAva rakhanA) aura 8. prabhAvanA (dharma ke pracAra evaM unnati ke lie prayatna krnaa)| isa taraha ina ATha aGgoM meM prathama cAra niSedhAtmaka haiM aura anya cAra vidhAnAtmaka haiN| samyaktva kI dRr3hatA ke lie grantha meM inake atirikta tIna anya guNa bhI Avazyaka batalAe haiM. : 1. jIvAdi tathyoM kA puna. punaH anucintana karanA, 2. paramArthadarzI mahApuruSoM kI sevA karanA aura 3. sanmArga se patita evaM mithyA upadeza dene vAle mithyAdRSTiyoM ke saMparka kA tyAga krnaa| - ina guNoM ke atirikta samyaktva ke vighAtaka jitane bhI doSa saMbhava ho sakate haiM una sabakA tyAga bhI jarUrI hai| grantha meM samyaktva ke vighAtaka aise kucha doSoM kA kathana bhI kiyA gayA hai jinakA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| jaise-mana se, vacana se evaM 1. 'upavRhA' ko 'upagUhana' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakA artha hai-apane guNoM aura guru Adi ke durguNoM ko prakaTa na karanA / -samIcIna dharmazAstra, zloka 15. 2. jaise rAjImatI ne rathanemI ko dharma meM sthira kiyA thaa| dekhie-pariziSTa 2. 3. paramatthasaMthavo vA sudiThThaparamatthasevaNaM vAvi / bAvannakudaMsaNavajjaNA ya sammattasaddahaNA // --u0 28.28. 4. daMDANaM gAravANaM ca sallANaM ca tiyaM tiyaH / / je mikkhU cayaI niccaM se na acchai maMDale / / -u0 31.4. tathA dekhie-u0 16.60,62; 27.6 ; 30.3,31.10, For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 201 kAyA se dUsaroM ko pIr3ita karane ke kAraNa tIna prakAra kA daNDa (Hurtful acts); mAyA (kuTilatA), nidAna (puNyakarma kI phalAbhilASA) aura mithyAtva ye tIna zalya (Delusive acts); dhana-sampatti yA Rddhi Adi kI prApti kA ghamaNDa, rasanA indriya kI saMtuSTi kA ghamaNDa aura sukha-prApti (sAtA) kA ghamaNDa ye tIna gaurava (Conceited acts) tathA jAti, kula, saundarya, zakti, lAbha (dhanAdi kI prApti), zrutajJAna, aizvarya aura tapasyA ye ATha prakAra ke mada (Pride) / ina 17 prakAra ke doSoM meM se tIna prakAra ke gaurava tathA ATha prakAra ke mada ahaMkArarUpa haiN| tIna prakAra ke daNDa krodha-kaSAyarUpa aura tIna prakAra ke zalya mAyA tathA lobha-kaSAyarUpa haiN| ataH samyaktva kI dRr3hatA ke lie ina doSarUpa kaSAyoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| samyagdarzana ke bheda : ___ sAmAnyatayA karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra samyaktva yA samyagdarzana kI utpatti darzanamohanIya karma ke udaya (phalonmukha) meM na hone se (kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama hone se) eka hI prakAra se hotI - hai| utpatti meM nimittakAraNa kI apekSA se grantha meM samyaktva ke jina 10 prakAroM ko ginAyA gayA hai ve adholikhita haiM: ... 1. nisargaruci-svataH utpanna / guru Adi ke upadeza ke binA hI jAti-smaraNa Adi ke hone para svataH jIvAdi tathyoM meM zraddhA honA ki ye vaise hI haiM jaise jinendra bhagavAn ne dekhe haiM, anyathA nahIM haiN| 1. nisagguvaesaruI ANAI sutta bIyaruimeva / abhigama vitthAraruI kiriyA-saMkheva dhammaruI / / -u0 28.16. 2. bhUyattheNAhigayA jIvAjIvA ya puNNapAvaM ca / sahasammuiyAsavasaMvaro ya roei u nisaggo / jo jiNadiLeM bhAve ca uvihe sahahAi sayameva / emeva nannahatti ya sa nisagAi tti nAyavvo / -30 28.17-18. For Personal & Private Use Only

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202] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 2. upadezaruci-guru Adi ke upadeza se jIvAdi tathyoM meM zraddhA honaa|' isakI utpatti meM paropadeza nimittakAraNa hai| 3. AjJAruci-guru Adi ke Adeza (AjJA) se tathyoM meM zraddhA karanA arthAta guru ne aisA kahA hai ataH satya hai, aisI zraddhA honaa|2 upadezaruci meM guru ke upadeza kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura AjJAruci meM guru ke Adeza kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| upadezaruci meM guru tathyoM ko sirpha samajhAtA hai aura AjJAruci meM Adeza detA hai ki tuma aisI zraddhA karo / yahI donoM meM bheda hai| ... 4. sUtraruci-'sUtra' zabda kA artha hai-aMga yA aMgabAhya jainaAgama sUtra-grantha / ataH sUtra-granthoM ke adhyayana se jIvAdi tathyoM meM zraddhA honA sUtraruci hai| 5. bIjaruci-jo samyagdarzana eka pada-jJAna se aneka padArtha. jJAnoM meM phaila jAtA hai use bIjaruci kahate haiN| isa prakAra yo hi jAtismaraNapratibhAdirUpayA svamatyA'vagatAn sadbhatAn jIvAdIn padArthAn zraddadhAti sa nisargaruciriti bhAvaH / -sthAnAGgasUtra (10.751) vRtti, pR0 477. 1. ee ceva u bhAve uvaiThe jo saddahaI / chaumattheNa jiNeNa va uvaesarui ti nAyavyo / / -u0 28.16. 2. rAgo doso moho annANaM jassa ava gayaM hoi / , ANAe royaMto so khalu ANAruI nAma / / -u0 28.20 jo he umayANato ANAe royae pavayaNaM tu / emeva nannahatti ya eso ANAruI nAma / / --prajJApanAsUtra, 1.74.5 (pR0 176). 3. jo suttamahijjato sueNa ogAhaI u sammattaM / aMgeNa bahireNa va so suttarui tti nAyavvo // -u0 28.21. 4. egeNa aNegAI payAiM jo pasaraI u sammattaM / udae vva tellabiMdu so bIyarui tti nAyavyo / -u028.22. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 203 ke samyaktva kI utpatti ke lie aMga aura aMgabAhya Agama granthoM ke adhyayana kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI hai apitu jala meM DAlI gaI bIjarUpa tela kI eka bUMda kI taraha thor3e se hI padArtha - jJAna se yaha utpanna hokara sarvatra phaila jAtA hai / 6. abhigamaruci - aMga aura aMgabAhya sUtra-granthoM ke arthajJAna se utpanna honevAlA samyagdarzana / ' sUtraruci samyagdarzana meM artha - jJAna apekSita nahIM hai jabaki abhigamaruci meM sUtra - granthoM kA arthajJAna bhI apekSita hai / yahI ina donoM meM bheda hai / 7. vistAraruci - jJAna ke sabhI srotoM ke dvArA jIvAdi dravyoM ke samajhane para utpanna honevAlA samyagdarzana | 3 isa taraha yaha vistAra ke sAtha jIvAdi dravyoM ke samajhane ke bAda utpanna hotA hai / ata: abhigamaruci kI apekSA yaha adhika vilamba se hotA hai / yahIM ina donoM meM bheda hai / 8. kriyAruci - ratnatrayasambandhI dhArmika kriyAoM ko karate rahane se jo samyaktva utpanna hotA hai use 'kriyAruci' kahate haiM / kabhI-kabhI aisA hotA hai ki vyakti paramparAvaza yA kisI anya nimittavaza dhArmika kriyAoM ko karatA rahatA hai parantu usakI 1. so hoi abhigamaruI suyanANaM jeNa atthao diTTha / ekkArasa aMgAI paiNNagaM diThivAo ya / / - u0 28.23. 2. jJAna ke mukhya do srota haiM- pramANa aura naya / vastu ke sakaladeza ko viSaya karane vAlA 'pramANa' tathA ekadeza ko viSaya karane vAlA 'naya' kahalAtA hai / dekhie - ta0 sU0 1.6. 3. davvANa savvabhAvA savvapamANehi jassa uvaladdhA / savvAhi nayavihIhi vitthArarui tti nAyavvo / - u0 28.24. 4. daMsaNanANacarite tavaviNae saccasamiiguttIsu / ataforbhAva so khalu kiriyAruI nAma || - u0 28.25. For Personal & Private Use Only

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204 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana zraddhA dRr3ha nahIM hotI hai| dhIre-dhIre una kriyAoM ko karate rahane para eka dina use dRr3ha-zraddhAnarUpa samyagdarzana utpanna ho jAtA hai| ataH dhArmika-kriyAe~ karate rahane se isakI utpatti hone ke kAraNa ise kriyAruci kahA gayA hai| ____6. saMkSeparuci-nAnA prakAra ke matavAdoM meM na par3akara jainapravacana meM zraddhA karanA saMkSeparuci hai|' bIjaruci meM saMkSepa se vistAra kI ora pravRtti hotI hai aura saMkSeparuci meM vistAra nahIM hotA hai kyoMki saMkSeparu civAlA na to nAnA prakAra ke matavAdoM meM par3atA hai aura na jina-pravacana meM pANDitya hI prApta karatA hai jabaki bIjarucivAlA zIghra hI pANDitya ko prApta kara letA hai| yahI donoM meM antara hai| 10. dharmaruci-jina-praNIta dharma meM zraddhA karanA dharmaruci hai| isakI utpatti dhArmika vizvAsa se hotI hai / 2 kriyAruci meM dhArmika kriyAoM kI pradhAnatA hai aura dharmaruci meM dhArmika bhAvanA kI pradhAnatA hai / yahI donoM meM bheda hai| uparyukta 10 prakAra ke samyaktva ke bhedoM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki ye sabhI bheda utpatti kI nimittakAraNatA ko lekara kie gaye haiN| inake sAtha jo 'ruci' zabda jor3A gayA hai vaha zraddhAparaka hai kyoMki samyagdarzana ke jo ye 10 bheda kie gae haiM ve yaha batalAte haiM ki nisargAdi kI vizeSatA ko lie hae jIvAdi tathyoM meM rucirUpa samyagdarzana utpanna hotA hai| sthAnAGga aura prajJApanA ina do sUtra-granthoM meM bhI samyagdarzana ke ina 10 bhedoM kA isI prakAra se ullekha milatA hai| parantu 1. aNabhiggahiyakudiTThI saMkhevarui tti hoi naayvyo| avisArao pavayaNe aNabhiggahio ya sesesu / / -u0 28.26. 2. jo asthikAyadhamma suyadhamma khalu carittadhammaM ca / sahai jiNAbhihiyaM so dhammarui ti nAyavvo // -u0 28.27. 3. dekhie-pR0 20 1, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3: ratnatraya [ 205 vahA~ para sAmAnya samyagdarzana ke ye bheda nahIM ginAe haiM apitu samyagdarzana ke dhAraka samyagdRSTi ke prathamataH 'sarAga' aura 'vItarAga' ke bheda se do bheda karake sarAga-samyagdRSTi ke ye bheda ginAe gae haiN|' isake atirikti ina 10 bhedoM kA vyAkhyAna karate samaya sthAnAGga-sUtra ke vattikAra zrI abhayadevasUri tathA prajJApanA-sUtra ke racayitA zrI AryazyAma uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAoM ko jyoM kI tyoM uddhRta karate haiM / guNabhadraracita AtmAnuzAsana meM bhI samyaktva ke ina 10 bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai parantu vahA~ para unake sAtha ruci zabda nahIM jor3A gayA hai tathA unake nAma evaM krama meM bhI kucha antara hai| AtmAnuzAsana ke hindI TIkAkAra paM0 vaMzIdhara ne ina bhedoM kA AdhAra na kevala utpatti kI nimittakAraNatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai apitu svarUpa kI hInAdhikatA ko bhI kAraNa batalAyA hai| parantu yAkobI ne granthokta sabhI bhedoM ko utpattimUlaka hI mAnA hai|5|| nimittakAraNa kI vividhatA ke kAraNa yadyapi samyagdarzana ke aneka bheda ho sakate haiM tathApi utpatti ke prati nimittakAraNa kI apekSA aura anapekSA kI dRSTi se saMkSepa meM inheM do bhAgoM meM bA~TA 1. dasavidha sarAgasammaiMsaNe pannatte, taM jahAnisagguvatesaruI ANarutI sutta bIjarutimeva / abhigama vitthArarutI kiriyA sakheva dhammarutI // -sthAnAGgasUtra 10.751 (pR0 476). se kiM taM sarAgadaMsaNAriyA ? sarAgadaMsaNAriyA dasavihA pannattA / taM jahA-nisagguva0 / -prajJApanA, pada 1, sUtra 74, pR. 178. 2. vhii| 3. AjJAmArga samudbhavamupadezAt sUtrabIjasaMkSepAt / vistArAbhyAM bhavamavaparamAvAdigADhe ca // -AtmAnuzAsana, zloka 11. tathA dekhie-vahI, zloka 12-14. 4. AtmAnuzAsana, pR0 18. 5. se bu0 I0, pR0 154. For Personal & Private Use Only

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206 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana jA sakatA hai, jaisA ki samyaktva ke lakSaNa se bhI spaSTa hai 1. svata: utpanna hone vAlA aura 2. para ke nimitta se utpanna hone vAlA / tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI aisA hI kahA hai / yadi uparyukta 10 bhedoM ko ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAe to nisargaruci ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI para - sApekSa haiM / isake atirikta Avaraka karmoM ke kSaya, upazama evaM kSayopazama (mizra) ke bheda se samyagdarzana ke anya tIna bheda bhI sambhava haiM / 3 mahattva - yaha samyagdarzana dharma kA mUlAdhAra hai / isake abhAva meM jJAna aura cAritra AdhArahIna haiM / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki jJAna aura cAritra meM vRddhi hone para samyagdarzana meM vRddhi hotI hai parantu jJAna aura cAritra meM samyakpanA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba samyagdarzana ho / ataH samyagdarzana kI prApti ko grantha meM 'bodhilAbha' zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai / isa samyagdarzana kI prApti hone para jIva mukti ke patha para agrasara ho jAtA hai aura dhIre-dhIre jJAna aura cAritra kI pUrNatA ko prApta karake mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai / " samyagdarzana kA itanA mahattva hone ke hI kAraNa grantha ke 26 veM adhyayana kA nAma 'samyaktva - parAkrama' rakhA gayA hai jabaki usameM samyaktva 1. dekhie - pR0 17, pA0 Ti02. 2. tannisargAdadhigamAdvA / - ta0 sU0 1 3. 3. karmaNAM kSayataH zAnteH kSayopazamatastathA / zraddhAnaM trividhaM bodhyaM I - yazastilaka campU, pR0 323. 4. sammaddaMsaNarattA''''''tesi sulahA bhave bohI / - u0 36.256. tathA dekhie - u0 36. 258-262. samyagdarzanasampannaH karmabhirna nibadhyate / darzanena vihInastu saMsAraM pratipadyate // -ugyfa 4.08. 5. vahI; tathA pR0 168, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 207 ke sAtha jJAna aura cAritra kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| paravartI jaina-sAhitya meM isake mahattva kI kAphI carcA milatI hai|' sammajJAna (sanmajJAna) samyagjJAna kA artha hai-satyajJAna / yahA~ satyajJAna se tAtparya ghaTa-paTAdi sAMsArika vastuoM ko jAnanA mAtra nahIM hai apitu mokSaprApti meM sahAyaka hai tathyoM kA jJAna abhipreta hai arthAt samyagdarzana se jina ha tathyoM para vizvAsa kiyA gayA thA unako vidhivata jaannaa| isake atirikta jitanA bhI sAMsArika phalAbhilASA vAlA jJAna hai vaha saba mithyA hai kyoMki vaha duHkha-nivRttirUpa mukti ke prati anupayogI hai| ataH 'strI, putra, dhana Adi sukha ke sAdhana haiM' aisA jJAna bhI mithyA hai| satyajJAna vahI hai jo hamezA rhe| grantha meM ullikhita sAMsArika viSayabhogoM se sambandhita 26 prakAra ke mithyAzAstroM (pApazruta-mithyAjJAna ko utpanna karane 1. dekhie- samIcIna dharmazAstra, pR0 31-41. 2. dekhie-pR0 188, pA0 Ti0 4; u0 28.5. 3. unatIsa prakAra ke mithyAzAstra (pApazruta) ye haiM : 1. divya-aTTahAsAdi ko batalAne vAle, 2. ulkApAta Adi kA iSTAniSTa phala batalAne vAle, 3. antarikSa meM hone vAle candragrahaNa Adi kA phala batalAne vAle, 4. aGgasphuraNa kA zubhAzubha phala batalAne vAle, 5. svaroM kA phala batalAne vAle, 6. strI-puruSoM ke lakSaNoM kA zubhAzubha phala batalAne vAle, 7. tila, mASA Adi kA phala batalAne vAle, 8. bhUkampa-viSayaka zubhAzubha phala batalAne vAle / ye 8 prakAra ke zAstra hI mUla, TIkA aura bhASya (sUtra-vRtti-vArtika) ke bheda se 24 prakAra ke haiN| 25. artha aura kAma-bhoga ke upAyoM ko batalAne vAle arthazAstra, kAmasUtra Adi, 26. rohiNI Adi vidyAoM kI siddhi batalAne vAle, 27. mantrAdi se kAryasiddhi batalAne vAle, 28. vazIkaraNa Adi yogavidyA ko batalAne vAle aura 26. jainetara upadezakoM dvArA upadiSTa hiMsAdipradhAna zAstra / -u0 ne0 vR0, pR0 346; A0 TI0, pR0 1402; zramaNasUtra, pR0 192; samavAyAGga, samavAya 26. For Personal & Private Use Only

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206] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana vAle) se bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| isa taraha jo jJAna saMsAra ke viSayasukhoM kI ora le jAtA hai vaha mithyA hai tathA jo mukti kI ora abhimukha karatA hai vaha satya hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki sAMsArika viSayabhoga va tajjanya sukha anitya va AbhAsamAtra (mithyA) haiM jabaki mukti va jIvAdi navatathya trikAlasatya haiN| jJAna ke pramukha pA~ca prakAra : __ jJAna ke Avaraka pA~ca prakAra ke karmoM ke svIkAra karane se tattat Avaraka karmoM ke udaya meM na rahane rUpa pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna svIkAra kie gae haiM / jaise : 1. zAstrajJAna (zrutajJAna), 2. indriyamanonimittaka jJAna (AbhinibodhikajJAna-matijJAna), 3. kucha sImA ko lie hue rUpI padArtha viSayaka pratyakSAtmaka divyajJAna (avadhijJAna), 4. dUsare vyakti ke mana ke vikalpoM meM cintanIya rUpIpadArtha ko jAnane vAlA rUpI-padArthaviSayaka pratyakSAtmaka divyajJAna (mnHpryaayjnyaan| aura 5. trikAlavartI samasta dravyoM kA pUrNa va asIma pratyakSAtmaka divyajJAna (kevljnyaan)| ' inameM anta ke tIna jJAna kramazaH ucca, uccatara aura uccatama divyajJAna kI avasthAe~ haiM tathA ina tInoM jJAnoM meM indriyAdi kI sahAyatA Avazyaka nahIM hotI hai| yadyapi grantha meM inake svarUpAdi kA vizeSa vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai tathApi inake viSaya meM kucha saMketa avazya milate haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : 1. zrutajJAna-isakA sAmAnya artha hai- zabdajanya zAstrajJAna / parantu samyaka zrutajJAna vahI hai jo jinopadiSTa prAmANika zAstroM se hotA hai| jinopadiSTa prAmANika grantha aGga (pradhAna) aura aGgabAhya (apradhAna) ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| ataH zrutajJAna bhI jainadarzana meM prathamataH do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| aGga 1. pApasuyapasaMgesu -u0 31.19. 2. tattha paMcavihaM nANaM suyaM Abhi nibohiyaM / ohinANaM tu taiyaM maNanANaM ca kevalaM / / -u0 28. 4. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 206 ' aGga :-viSayaka zrutajJAna granthoM kI saMkhyA 12 hone se bhI 12 prakAra kA hai tathA aGgabAhya-granthoM kI koI sImA niyata na hone se aGgabAhya viSayaka zrutajJAna bhI aneka prakAra kA hai / ' aGgagranthoM kI pradhAnatA hone se grantha meM samasta zrutajJAna ko dvAdazAGga kA vistAra batalAyA gayA hai / isake atirikta dvAdazAGga ke vettA ko 'bahuzruta' kahA gayA hai tathA 'bahuzruta' ke mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie grantha meM nimnokta 16 dRSTAntoM se usakI prazaMsA kI gaI hai : 3 2 1. zaMkha meM rakhe hue dUdha kI taraha anirvacanIya zobhA-sampanna, 2. kambojadezotpanna zreSTha azva kI taraha kIrti - sampanna, 3. zreSTha azva para savAra subhaTa kI taraha aparAjeya, 4. hathiniyoM se ghire hue sATha varSa ke balavAn hAthI kI taraha apane ziSya parivAra se parivRtta, 5. tIkSNa zRGga ( sIMga ) aura unnata skandhavAle baila kI taraha zobhA sampanna, 6 tIkSNa daMSTrAvAle prabala siMha kI taraha pradhAna, 7. zaMkha-cakra-gadAdhArI apratihata balavAn yoddhA vAsudeva kI taraha vijetA, 8. caudaha ratnadhArI va RddhidhArI cakravartI rAjA kI taraha zreSTha, 6 hajAra netroM vAle vajrapANi devAdhipati indra kI taraha zreSTha, 10. andhakAravinAzaka udIyamAna tejasvI sUrya kI taraha dIpti-sampanna, 11. nakSatroM se ghire hue pUrNamAsI ke candramA kI taraha zobhA sampanna 12. aneka prakAra ke dhana-dhAnya se bhare hue surakSita koSThAgAra kI taraha paripUrNa, 13. vRkSoM meM zreSTha sudarzana nAmadhArI jambUvRkSa kI taraha zreSTha, 14. nIlavaMta 1. zrutaM matipUrvaM dvayanekadvAdazabhedam / - ta0 sU0 1.20. tathA dekhie - pR0 202, pA0 Ti0 3; pR0 203, pA0Ti0 10 2. dekhie - pR0 3, pA0 Ti0 2. 3. jahA saMkhammi payaM nihiyaM duhao vi virAya | evaM bahussu bhikkhU dhammo kittI tahA suyaM // samudda gaMbhIrasamA durAsayA acakkiyA keNai duppahaMsayA / suyassa puNNA viulassa tAiNo khavittu kammaM gaimuttamaM gayA || - u0 11. 15-31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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210] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana parvata se nikalI huI va samudra kI ora jAnevAlI nadiyoM meM zreSTha 'zItA' nadI kI taraha zobhA-sampanna, 15 nAnA auSadhiyoM se dedIpyamAna parvatoM meM zreSTha ativistRta 'sumeru' (mandAra) parvata kI taraha pradhAna aura 16. akSaya jala va nAnA ratnoM se bhare hue 'svayambhU ramaNa' samudra kI taraha gambhIra / ye sabhI dRSTAnta sAbhiprAya vizeSaNoM se yukta haiM jinase zrutajJAnI ke svAbhAvika guNoM para prakAza par3atA hai| jaise' zrutajJAnI samudra kI taraha gambhIra, prativAdiyoM se aparAjeya, atiraskRta, vistRta zratajJAna se pUrNa, jIvoM kA rakSaka, karma-kSayakartA, uttama artha kI gaveSaNA karane vAlA aura sva-para ko mUkti prApta karAne vAlA hotA hai| isI taraha zrutajJAnI ke anya aneka guNa svataH samajhe jA sakate haiN| satyajJAna kI prApti meM zAstroM kA sthAna pramukha hone se zrutajJAnI kI bahutra prazaMsA karake usakA phala mUkti batalAyA gayA hai / 2. AbhinibodhikajJAna-cakSa Adi indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna 'Abhinibodhika' kahalAtA hai / jainadarzana meM isakA pracalita nAma 'matijJAna' hai kyoMki yaha indriyAdi kI sahAyatA se hotA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM mati (vartamAna ko viSaya karane vAlI), smRti (atIta-viSayaka arthAta pUrva meM anubhava kI gaI vastu ko smaraNa karAne vAlI), saMjJA (atIta aura vartamAna ko viSaya karanevAlI arthAta 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakAra ke pratyabhijJAnarUpa), cintA (tarka) aura abhinibodha (sAmAnyajJAnarUpa anumAna) ko ekArthavAcaka batalAyA hai kyoMki ina saba jJAnoM kI utpatti meM indriyAdi kI sahAyatA rahatI hai| isI prakAra Avazyaka. niyukti meM bhI abhinibodha ke IhA (prathama kSaNa dekhe gae padArtha ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnane kI ceSTArUpa jJAna) Adi kaI paryAya 1. vahI; tathA u0 11. 32; 26.24,56; 10.18; 3. 1, 20, 2. vahI (u0 11.31; 26.5.6) / 3. matiH smRti saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAntaram / -ta0 sU0 1.13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [211 vAcI nAma milate haiN|' isase pratIta hotA hai ki indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se honevAlA samasta jJAna Abhinibodhika hI hai| digambara2 aura zvetAmbara prAcIna granthoM meM matijJAna' ke artha meM 'Abhinibodhika' nAma milane se pratIta hotA hai ki isakA prAcIna pracalita nAma Abhinibodhika hI thaa| isa jJAna ke viSaya meM eka anya antara dRSTigocara hotA hai, vaha yaha ki sAmAnyarUpa se jainadarzana meM sarvatra zabdajJAna ke pUrva indriyajJAna (AbhinibodhikamatijJAna) ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jabaki prakRta grantha meM indriyajJAna ke pUrva zabdajJAna ko ginAyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki 'zAstrajJAna' kA mahattva prakaTa karane ke lie prakRta grantha meM zAstrajJAna ko pahale ginAyA gayA ho aura bAda meM jJAna kI uttarottara zreSThatA ke AdhAra se krama nirdhArita kiyA gayA ho| isI prakAra inake Avaraka karmoM ke nAma va krama meM bhI antara hai| yahA~ eka bAta aura spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki jainadarzana meM zrutajJAna aura AbhinibodhikajJAna kI utpatti para-sApekSa (zAstra va indriyAdi sApekSa) hone se ina donoM ko 'parokSajJAna' (apratyakSa mAnA gayA hai tathA bAda ke tIna jJAnoM ko sAkSAt AtmA se hI prakaTa hone ke kAraNa (para-sApekSa na hone se) pratyakSa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM vyavahAra ko calAne ke 1. IhA apoha vImaMsA maggaNA ya gvesnnaa| saNNA saI maI paNNA savvaM AbhiNibohiyaM / / -Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 12. 2. bhAvapamANaM paMcavihaM, AbhiNibohiyaNANaM sudaNANaM ohiNANaM maNapajjavaNANaM kevalaNANaM cedi| dhavalATIkA-paT khaNDAgama, pustaka 1 (1.1.1), pR0 80. AbhiNisudodhimaNakevalANi NANANi paMcabheyANi / kumadisudavibhaMgANi ya tiSNi vi NANehiM saMjutte // -paJcAstikAya, gAthA 41. 3. zrutaM matipUrvam / -ta0 sU0 1.20. 4. Adye parokSam / pratyakSamanyat / -ta0 sU0 1.11-12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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212] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana lie indriyajJAna ko sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa kahA jAne lagA hai aura bAda ke tIna jJAnoM ko paramArtha (mukhya) pratyakSa / itanA vizeSa hai ki smRti Adi sabhI AbhinibodhikajJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai apitu indriya-manonimittaka vartamAna-viSayaka jJAna (matijJAna) ko hI sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai aura zeSa atItAdiviSayaka smRti Adi sabhI jJAnoM ko parokSa hI mAnA jAtA hai| 3. avadhijJAna-avadhi kA artha hai-siimaa| ataH indriyAdi kI sahAyatA ke binA kucha sImA ko lie hue jo rUpI-padArtha ke viSaya meM anta:sAkSyarUpa jJAna hotA hai vaha 'avadhijJAna' kahalAtA hai|' isa jJAna meM arUpI dravyoM kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA hai| yaha divyajJAna kI prathama avasthA hai| 4. manaHparyAyajJAna-dUsaroM ke manogata vicAroM ko jAnane kI zakti ke kAraNa ise 'manaHparyAyajJAna' kahA jAtA hai| yaha divyajJAna 1. tatpratyakSa dvividham-sAMvyavahArikaM pAramAthikaM ceti / tatra dezato vizadaM sAMvyavahArika pratyakSam / / -nyAyadIpikA, pR0 31. vizadaH pratyakSam / pramANAntarAnapekSedantayA pratibhAso vA vaizadyam / tat sarvathAvaraNavilaye cetanasya svarUpAvirbhAvo mukhyaM kevalam / tattAratamye'vadhimanaHparyAyo c| ..."indriyamanonimitto'vagrahehAvAyadhAraNAtmA sAMvyavahArikam / -pramANamImAMsA 1.1.13-20. 2. avizadaH parokSam / smRtipratyabhijJAnohAnumAnAgamAstadvidhayaH / -pramANamImAMsA 1.2.1-2. 3. rUpiSvavadheH / -ta0 sU0 1.27. bhavapratyayo'vadhidevanArakANAm / kSayopazamanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm / -ta0 sU0 1. 21-22. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 213 kI dUsarI avasthA hai aura avadhijJAna se zreSTha hai / isa jJAna kI utpatti bhAvoM kI vizeSa nirmalatA aura tapasyA Adi ke prabhAva se hotI hai / ' sarala aura jaTila ina do prakAra ke vicAroM ko jAnane ke kAraNa tattvArthasUtra meM isa jJAna ke do bheda kiye gae haiN| 3 itanA vizeSa hai ki isa jJAna ke dvArA dUsare ke mana meM cintanIya rUpI dravyoM kA hI bodha hotA hai, arUpI kA nahIM | 3 5. kevalajJAna - trikAlavartI samasta dravyoM aura unakI samasta paryAyoM kA eka sAtha jJAna honA / 4 yaha divyajJAna kI sarvocca avasthA hai / isa jJAna ke utpanna hone para trikAlavartI aisA koI bhI dravya nahIM bacatA hai jo isa jJAna kA viSaya na hotA ho / yaha pUrNa evaM asIma jJAna hai| isase zreSTha koI anya jJAna na hone ke kAraNa grantha meM ise anuttara, ananta, sampUrNa, pratipUrNa, AvaraNa-rahita, andhakAra - rahita, vizuddha tathA lokAloka-prakAzaka batalAyA gayA hai / " isake atirikta isa jJAna ke dhAraNakaranevAle ko kevalI, kevalajJAnI tathA sarvajJa kahA gayA hai / isa jJAna kI prApti hone para jIva usI prakAra suzobhita hotA hai jisa prakAra AkAza meM sUrya / 1. vizuddhikSetra svAmiviSayebhyo'dhimanaH paryayayoH / - ta0 sU0 1.25. 2. RjuvipulamatI mana:paryayaH vizuddhayapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH / - ta0 sU0 1.23-24. 3. dekhie - pR0 155, pATi0 1. 4. sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya / - ta0 sU0 1.26. 5. tao pacchA aNuttaraM, anaMtaM, kasiNaM, paDivuNNaM, nirAvaraNaM, vitimiraM, visuddhaM logAlogappabhAvaM kevalavaranANadaMsaNaM samuppAdei | - u0 26.71. 6. uggaM tavaM carittANaM jAyA doNi vi kevalI / - u0 22. 50. tathA dekhie - u0 23.1 Adi / 7. sa NANa nANo gae mahesI aguttaraM cariuM dhammasaMcayaM / * aNuttare nANaghare jasaMsI obhAsaI sUri evaM likkhe // -- u0 21.23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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214 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana isa jJAna kI prApti ho jAne para jIva zeSa karmoM ko zIghra naSTa karake niyama se mukti ko prApta kara letA hai|' isa taraha ina pA~ca prakAra ke jJAnoM meM prathama do jJAna indriyAdi kI sahAyatA se utpanna hote haiM aura ye kisI na kisI rUpa meM prAyaH sabhI jIvoM meM pAe jAte haiM / 2 yadi aisA na mAnA jAegA to jIva meM jIvatva hI na rahegA kyoMki cetanA ko jIva kA lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura cetanA darzana va jJAnarUpa svIkAra kI gaI hai| zeSa tIna jJAna divyajJAna kI ucca , uccatara aura uccatama avasthAe~ haiN| inakI prApti tapasyA Adi ke prabhAva se kinhIM-kinhIM ko hotI hai| yahA~ eka bAta aura spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki jainadarzana meM ina pA~coM jJAnoM meM hI pramANatA svIkAra kI gaI hai, naiyAyikoM kI taraha indriyArtha-sannikarSa meM nhiiN| guru-ziSyasambandha : jJAnaprApti ke pramukha sAdhana zAstra the aura zAstroM kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie guru ke samIpa jAnA par3atA thaa| guru prAyaH araNya meM rahate the aura ve sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM se virakta sAdha huA karate the| vidyArthI unake samIpa meM rahakara unakI AjJAnusAra adhyayana kiyA karate the| una vidyArthiyoM meM kucha vinamra (vinIta) aura kucha avinamra (avinIta) hote the| . 1. jAva sajogI bhavai, tAva iriyAvahiyaM kammaM nibaMdhai, suhapharisaM dusamaya ThiiyaM / taM jahA-paDhamasamaye baddhaM, viiyasamae veiyaM, taiyasamaye nijjiNNaM, taM baddhaM puThaM udIriyaM veiyaM nijjiNNaM seyAle ya akamma cAvi bhavai / -u0 26.71. tathA dekhie-u0 26.72. 2. ekAdInI bhAjyAni yugapadekasminnA caturyaH / -ta. sU0 1.31. tathA dekhie-sarvArthasiddhi 1.31, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 474-476. 3. ttprmaanne| -ta0 sU0 1.10. tathA dekhie-sarvArthasiddhi 1.10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 215 vinIta (uttama) vidyArthI ke guNa-grantha meM uttama vidyArthI ko vinIta kahA gayA hai aura vinIta vidyArthI ke nimnokta 15 guNa Avazyaka batalAe haiM : 1. hara prakAra se namra, 2. capalatA se rahita, 3. chala-kapaTa se rahita, 4. kautUhala se rahita, 5. alpabhASI, 6. atikrodha ko adhika samaya taka na rakhanA, 7. mitratA kA vyavahAra karanA, 8. jJAna prApta karake ghamaNDa na karanA, 6. dUsaroM ke doSoM ko prakaTa na karanA, 10. mitroM para krodha na karanA, 11. zatra ke prati parokSa meM bhI kalyANa kI bhAvanA rakhanA, 12. kalaha va hiMsA na karanA, 13. jJAna ke viSaya meM jAgarUka rahanA, 14. lajjAzIla honA aura 15. sahanazIla honaa| ___ ina 15 guNoM ke samAna hI grantha meM guru ke prati ziSya ke kucha anya kartavyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jinase uttama va vinIta vidyArthI ke guNoM para prakAza par3atA hai| ve kartavya isa prakAra haiM : 1 binA pUche vyartha na bolanA (alpabhASI)2, 2. satya bolanA (krodhAdi ke vazIbhUta hokara kucha chipAnA nahIM)3, 3. guru ke priya evaM apriya vacanoM ko kalyANakArI samajhate hue unheM cupacApa sunanA tathA kisI prakAra bhI unheM krodhita na karate hue kSamA-yAcanA karanA, 4. guru ke doSoM kA anveSaNa na karanA", 5. guru kI 1. aha pannarasahi ThANehiM suviNIe tti vaccaI / nIyAvattI acavale amAi akuUhale / / -u011.10. tathA dekhie-u011. 11-13. 2. nApuTTho vAgare kiMci puTTho vA nAliyaM vae // kohaM asaccaM kumvejjA dhArejjA piyamappiyaM / -u0 1.14. tathA dekhie-u0 1.6,11,36-41. 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. buddhovaghAI na siyA na siyA tottagavesae / -u01.40. For Personal & Private Use Only

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216 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 1 8. AjJA kA gupta yA prakaTarUpa se kabhI bhI ullaMghana na karake unake kathanAnusAra usI prakAra pravRtti karanA jisa prakAra eka suzikSita ghor3A cAbuka ke izAre se pravRtti karatA hai, ' 6. guru ke dvArA prerita kie binA hI prerita kie hue kI taraha guru ke bhAvoM ko jAnakara sadA sundara kArya karanAra, 7. guru kI AjJA ke binA kucha bhI kArya na karanA, guru ke vacanoM ko anasunA na karake bulAe jAne para uttara denA (mauna na rahanA ), 6. guru. upadeza ko ekAgracitta se sunakara arthayukta bAtoM ko grahaNa karate hue nirarthaka bAtoM ko chor3a denA 5, 10. kisI prakAra kA sandeha hone para vinamratApUrvaka guru se spaSTa kahanA 6, 11. guru kI sevA karate hue guru para Ae hue vighnoM kA nivAraNa karanA 7, 12. pA~ca prakAra ke vinaya, pA~ca prakAra ke svAdhyAya aura dasa prakAra kI 4 ke 1. paDiNIyaM ca buddhANaM vAyA aduva kammuNA / AvI vA jai vA rahasse neva kujjA kayAivi || mA galiyaseva kasaM vayaNamicche puNo puNo / kasaM va daTThamAiNNe pAvagaM parivajjae || tathA dekhie - u0 26.10. 2. vitte acoie niccaM khippaM havai sucoie / jahovaiTTha sukayaM kiccAI kubvaI sayA || - u0.1.17. - u0 1.12. 3. pucchijja paMjaliuDo ki kAyavvaM mae iha / -u0 1.44. 6. u0 23.13-14; 25.13. 7. u0 12.16,24. 4. Apariehi vAhito tusiNIo na kayAivi / - u0 26.6. tathA dekhie - u0 1.21. 5. aTTajuttANi sikkhijjA niradvANi u vajjae / u0 1.20. tathA dekhie - u0 20.17,38; 30.1,4. - u0 1.8. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraye [ 217 vaiyAvatya meM yatnavAna rahanA', 13. dUsaroM se apanI prazaMsA sunakara abhimAna na karate hue aura adhika namrIbhUta ho jAnAjaise namirAjarSi indra ke dvArA stuti kie jAne para aura adhika namrIbhUta ho gaye 2, "14. kSudra -janoM kA saMsarga va unake sAtha hAsyAdi krIr3A na karanA, 15. guru kI apekSA nimna Asana grahaNa karanA-guru kI barAbarI se, Age, dRSTi se ojhala hokara, aMga sparza karate hue, adhika samIpa, paira phailAkara, donoM bhujAoM ko jAMghoM para rakhakara, jAMghoM para vastra lapeTakara, ati samIpa, ati dUra evaM anya isI prakAra ke avinaya-sUcaka AsanoM se guru ke pAsa na baiThanA, isake atirikta jisa Asana para vaha baiThe vaha cUM-cUM karane vAlA, calAyamAna evaM asthira na ho", 16. Asana para baiThe hue niSprayojana na uThanA, hAtha-paira na calAnA tathA uttarapratyuttara na karanA apitu AvazyakatA hone para uThakara ke guru se vArtAlApa karanA6, 17. zikSA-prApti ke bAda unake upakAra kI kRtajJatA ko svIkAra karate hue vinayabhAva se stuti karanA Adi / 1. u0 30.32-34. 2. namI nameI appANaM sakkhaM sakkeNa coio| -u0 6.61. 3. khaDaDehiM saha sesaggiM hAsaM kIDaM ca vajjae / -u0 1.6.. 4. na pakkhao na purao naiva kiccANa piTrio / na juMje UruNA Uru sayaNe no paDissuNe / / neva palhatthiyaM kujjA pakkhapiNDaM ca saMjae / pAe pasArie vAvi na ciThe guruNaMtie // -u0 1.18-19. tathA dekhie-u0 20.7. 5. AsaNe uciTThajjA aNucce akue thire / appuTThAI niruTThAI nisIejjappakukkue // -u0 1.30. 6. vhii| 7. u0 20.54-56. For Personal & Private Use Only

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218] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana uparyukta sabhI guNoM kA ekatra samAveza karate hue saMkSepa meM grantha meM vinIta ziSya kA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA hai-'guru kI AjJA kA pAlana karanevAlA, unake samIpa rahanevAlA tathA unake manogatabhAva va kAyaceSTA (iGgitAkAra) ko jAnanevAlA vinayI kahalAtA hai| arthAt guru ke manogatabhAvoM ko jAnakara namrabhAva se sadAcAra meM pravRtti karate hue adhyayana karane vAlA ziSya vinayI kahalAtA hai| ___ avinIta vidyArthI ke doSa-jo vinIta ziSya ke guNoM se rahita hai vaha 'avinayo' kahalAtA hai| ataH grantha meM avinayI ziSya kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai-- 'guru kI AjJAnusAra na calanevAlA, unake samIpa na rahanevAlA, viparIta AcaraNa karanevAlA tathA vivekahIna (jAgarUka na rahanevAlA) avinayI kahalAtA hai|2 arthAt guru ke hAdika-bhAvoM ko na jAnakara unake viparIta AcaraNa karate hue svacchanda vicaraNa karanevAlA avinIta ziSya kahalAtA hai| bahuzruta adhyayana meM avinIta ziSya ke 14 duguNa ginAe haiM : 1. bAra-bAra krodha karanA, 2. krodha ko cirasthAyI rakhanA, 3 mitratA ko tyAganA, 4. apane jJAna kA ghamaNDa karanA, 5. dUsare ke doSoM ko khojanA aura apane doSoM ko chipAnA, 6. mitroM para krodha karanA, 7. priya mitra kI parokSa meM nindA 1. ANAnidde sakare gurUgamuvabAyaka! rae / iMgiyAgArasaMpanne se viNIe tti vuccaI / / -u0 1.2. 2. ANA'nidde sakare gurUNamaNavavAyakArae / aDiNIe asaMbuddhe seviNIe ti vuccaI / / -u0 1.3. 3. aha cauddasahiM ThANehiM vaTTamANe u sNje| aviNIe vuccaI so u nivvANaM ca na gacchai // painnavAI duhile thaddhe luddhe aniggahe / asaMvibhAgI aviyatte aviNIe tti vaccaI / / '-u0 11.6-6.. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 216 karanA, 8. asambaddha va adhika bolanA, 6. droha karanA, 10. abhimAna karanA, 11. lobha karanA, 12. indriyoM ko anuzAsana meM na rakhakara svacchanda AcaraNa karanA, 13. sahapAThiyoM ke sAtha sahayoga na karanA, 14. dUsaroM kA apriya karanA / isI taraha avinIta ke aura bhI aneka durguNa ho sakate haiM / grantha meM avinIta ziSyoM ke isI prakAra ke kucha anya kAryoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jinase avinIta ziSya ke svarUpa para acchA prakAza par3atA hai / jaise : 1. guru ke dvArA dharmopadeza die jAne para bIca meM bolanA, unake vacanoM meM doSa nikAlanA va pratikula AcaraNa karanA,' 2. viSaya bhogoM meM nimagna rahanA, 3. cirasthAyI krodha va abhimAna karanA, 4. bhikSA lAne meM Alasya karanA, 5. bhikSA mA~ganA apamAna-dyotakaM samajhakara bhikSA lene nahIM jAnA,2 6. duSTavRSabha kI taraha saMyama meM pravRtti na karanA-jaise koI duSTa-vRSabha bailagAr3I meM jote jAne para tathA gAr3IvAna dvArA prerita kie jAne para bhI Age nahIM bar3hatA hai tathA kabhI samilA ( jue ke chora para lagI lakar3I yA bA~sa kI choTI kIla ) ko tor3a . detA hai, kabhI krodhita hokara gAr3I ko lekara utpatha meM bhAga jAtA hai, kabhI samIpa meM baiTha jAtA hai, kabhI gira par3atA hai, kabhI so jAtA hai, kabhI maMDUka ( mer3haka ) kI taraha uchalatAkadatA hai, kabhI taruNa gAya ke pIche bhAga jAtA hai, kabhI mRta kI taraha sthira ho jAtA hai, kabhI pIche ko bhAgatA hai, kabhI lagAma . 1. so vi aMtaramAsillo dosameva pakuvvaI / AyariyANaM tu vayaNaM paDikUle i'bhikkhaNa / / -u0 27.11. 2. iDDhIgAravie ege ege'ttha rasagArave / sAyAgAravie ege ege sucirakohaNe // bhikkhAlasie ege ege omANabhIrue / thaDve ege aNusAsammI heUhiM kAraNahi ya / -u0 27.6-10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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220 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana - tor3a detA hai aura apane mAlika ( gAr3IvAna ) ko bhI pIr3ita karatA hai vaise hI avinIta ziSya guru ke dvArA saMyama meM pravatti ke lie prerita kie jAne para nAnA prakAra kI kuceSTAe~ karate hue guru ko pIr3ita karatA hai,' 7. kisI kArya ke lie AjJA dene para nAnA prakAra ke bahAne banAnA, jaise-amuka gahastha yA gRhiNI mujhe pahacAnatI nahIM, vaha mujhe annAdi nahIM degI, vaha ghara para nahIM hogI, vahAM jAnA bekAra hai, yadi bhejanA hI hai to kisI dUsare ko bheja do, yadi kisI taraha jAnA bhI to idhara-udhara ghamakara vApisa A jAnA aura pUchane para bahAne banAnA athavA rAjAjJA kI taraha anicchApUrvaka mrakUTi car3hAkara kArya karanA,2 8. svAdiSTa anna ko chor3akara viSTA ko khAne vAle zUkara kI taraha sadAcAra ko chor3akara svacchanda vicaraNa meM Ananda manAnA' aura 6. taitIsa prakAra kI avinayabhUta anuzAsanahInatAoM (AzAtanAoM ) kA AcaraNa karanA / 1. u0 27.4.8; 1.12. 2. na sA mamaM viyANAi na vi sA majjha daahiii| nigAyA hohiI manne sAha annottha vajja u / / pesiyA paliuMcaMti te pariyaMti smNto| rAyaveTiM ca mannaMtA kareMti bhiuDi muhe // . -u0 27.12-13. tathA dekhie-u0 27.14. 3. kaNakuNDagaM caittANaM viTTha bhuMjai sUyare / evaM sIlaM caittANa dussIle ramaI mie / -u0 1.5. 4. taitIsa prakAra kI AzAtanAe~ (ayaM samyaktva lAbhaM zAtayati vinAza yati ityAzAtanA) isa prakAra haiM : 1. guru ke Age-Age calanA, 2. guru kI barAbarI se calanA, 3. guru ke pIche avinayapUrvaka calanA, 4-6. calane kI taraha baiThane va khar3e hone se sambandhita tInatIna AzAtanAeM, 10. yadi guru va ziSya eka hI pAtra meM jala lekara kahIM bAhara gae hue hoM to guru se pahale usa pAtra meM se jala lekara For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [221 vinIta aura avinIta vidyArthI kA guru para prabhAva-jahAM avinIta ziSya apanI kupravRttiyoM ke kAraNa vinamra aura sarala svabhAvI guru ko bhI krodhI banA dete haiM vahA~ vinIta ziSya guru kI icchA ke anukala kArya ko zIghra va caturatApUrvaka karake Acamana karanA, 11. bAhara se Akara guru se pahale hI dhyAna karane baiTha jAnA, 12. guru se bAta karane ke lie kisI ke Ane para pahale svayaM hI usase bAtacIta karanA, 13. rAtri ko guru ke bulAne para bhI na bolanA, 14. anna-pAnI lAkara pahale choToM ke sAmane AlocanA karanA, 15. anna-pAnI lAkara pahale choToM ko dikhalAnA, 16. anna-pAnI kI nimantraNA pahale choToM ko karanA va bAda meM guru ko karanA, 17. guru se pUche binA kisI ko sarasa bhojana denA, 18. guru ke sAtha bhojana karane para svayaM jaldI jaldI va acchA-acchA AhAra karanA, 16. guru ke bulAne para na bolanA, 20. bulAne para Asana para baiThe hue hI uttara denA, 21. Asana para baiThe hue hI yaha kahanA ki kyA kahate ho, 22. guru ko 'ta' zabda se pukAranA, 23. guru ke dvArA kisI kAma ke karane ko kahane para unase kahanA ki tuma hI kara lo, 24. guru ke upadeza ko prasannacitta se na sunanA, 25. guru ke upadeza meM bheda paidA karanA, 26. kathA meM cheda utpanna karanA, 27. guru ko buddhi se nyUna dikhalAne ke lie sabhA meM unake dvArA pratipAdita viSaya kA vistRta kathana karanA, 28. guru ke Asana (zayyA-saMstAraka) Adi se paira kA sparza ho jAne para bhI binA kSamA-yAcanA ke cale jAnA, - 26. guru ke Asana para binA AjJA ke baiThanA, 30. binA AjJA ke guru ke Asana para zayana karanA, 31. guru se U~ce Asana para baiThanA, 32. bar3oM kI zayyA para khar3e rahanA va baiThanA aura 33. guru ke barAbara Asana krnaa| ina AzAtanAoM ke nAma va krama meM kucha antara bhI pAyA jAtA hai parantu sabakA tAtparya ekasA hai-guru ke prati AdarabhAva na rkhnaa| -dekhie, u0 A0 TI0 31.20; 26.4,16; zramaNasUtra, pR0 197203,426-431; samavAyAGgasUtra, samavAya 33. For Personal & Private Use Only

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222 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana krodhI svabhAva vAle guru ko bhI sarala aura prasanna banA dete haiN|' guru bhI aise vinIta ziSya ko pAkara use zikSA dene meM usI prakAra Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai jisa prakAra uttama ghor3e ko zikSA dene vAlA saarthii| parantu isake viparIta avinIta ziSya ko pAkara guru use zikSA dene meM usI prakAra du:khI hotA hai jisa prakAra abhadra (ar3iyala) ghor3e ko zikSA denevAlA sArathI / isake atirikta avinIta ziSyoM ko pAkara garu cintita hote hae socate. haiM ki inheM par3hAyA, pAlA-posA aura yahAM taka ki inake sAtha saba kucha kiyA phira bhI aba ye usI prakAra svecchAcArI ho gaye haiM jisa prakAra paMkha nikala Ane para haMsa pkssii| ataH inheM chor3a dene meM hI kalyANa hai| isa taraha avinIta ziSya guru ko hamezA cintita hI kiyA karate haiN| guru ke dvArA die gae upAlambha, bhartsanA, daNDa Adi ko vinIta ziSya aisA mAnatA hai ki ye ( guru ) mujhe apanA choTA bhAI, putra yA svajana samajhakara kalyANa ke lie hI kahate haiM parantu isake viparIta avinIta ziSya ye mere zatra' haiM, 'ye mujhe gAliyAM 1. aNAsavA thUlavayA kusIlA miuMpi caNDaM pakaraMti sIsA / cittANuyA lahudakkhovaveyA pasAyae te hu durAsayaMpi / -u0 1.13. 2. ramae paMDie sAsaM hayaM bhadda va vaahe| .. bAlaM sammai sAsaMto galiyassaM va vAhae / / -u0 1.37. 3. vAiyA saMgahiyA ceva bhattapANeNa posiyA / jAyapakkhA jahA haMsA pakkamati diso disi / / aha sArahI vicinnei khaluMkehi smaago| ki majjha duTThasIsehiM appA me avasIyaI / -u0 27.14-15. tathA dekhie-u0 27.16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakara 3 : ratnatraya [ 223 dete haiM', 'ye mujhe gulAma samajhate haiN| aisA vicAra karake svayaM ko pIr3ita karatA huA guru ko bhI hatotsAhita karatA hai|' zikSAzIla ke kucha anya guNa-isa taraha zikSA vahI prApta kara sakatA hai jo vinIta ho aura jisameM ve sabhI guNa maujUda hoM jo eka vinIta ziSya meM hone caahie| grantha meM phira zikSAzIla ke nimna ATha vizeSa-guNa batalAe gae haiM :2 . 1. ahasanazIla, 2. jitendriya, 3. amarmabhASI, 4. anuzAsanazIla, 5. khaMDita-AcAra se rahita, 6. atilolupatA se rahita, 7. krodha se rahita aura 8. styvktaa| ina ATha guNoM ke atirikta grantha meM anya pA~ca guNa bhI batalAe haiM3 : 1. gurukulavAsI, 2. sadAcArI, 3. adhyayana meM utsAhI ( upadhAnavAn ), 4. priya karane vAlA aura 5. priya bolane vaalaa| isI prakAra samAdhi ke icchuka sAdhu ke jo guNa grantha meM Avazyaka batalAe gae haiM ve saba jJAnArthI ko bhI Avazyaka haiN| jaise : guru aura vaddha janoM kI sevA, bAla (mUrkha) jIvoM kI saMgati kA tyAga, svAdhyAya, ekAntasevana, sUtrArtha-cintana, dhairya, parimita-bhojana aura nipuNa 1. putto me bhAya nAi tti sAhU kallANa mnnii| pAvadiTThI u appANaM sAsaM dAsi tti mannaI // -u0 1.36. tathA dekhie-u0 1.27-26,37-38. 2. aha ahiM ThANehi sikkhAsIle tti vuccaI / ahassire sayA daMte na ya mamamudAhare / nAsIle na visIle na siyA ailolue / akohaNe saccarae sikkhAsIle ti vuccaI / / -u0 11.4-5 3. vase gurukule nicca jogavaM uvahANavaM / piyaMkare piyaMvAI se sikkhaM laddha marihaI / / -u011.14. For Personal & Private Use Only

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224 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana sAthI kA sahavAsa / ' isake atirikta vidyAgrahaNa meM pAMca pratibandhaka kAraNa bhI ginAe gae haiM jina kAraNoM ke maujada rahane para vidyA prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM : ahaMkAra, krodha, asAvadhAnatA (pramAda), roga aura Alasya / isa taraha jo uparyukta guNoM se yukta hai vahI zikSA (jJAna) prApta kara sakatA hai| jo ina guNoM se rahita (avinIta) hai vaha zikSA prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| isIlie grantha meM avinIta aura abahuzruta ko jJAnahIna, ahaMkArI, lobhI, indriyavazavartI, asambaddhapralApI va bahupralApI kahA hai| isa sampUrNa varNana se spaSTa hai ki jo vinIta hai vahI jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai tathA jo avinIta hai vaha jJAnaprApti ke sarvathA ayogya hai| ataH grantha meM vinIta ziSya ko prAjJa, medhAvI, paNDita, dhIra, buddhaputra (mahAvIra kA ziSya), mokSAbhilASI, prasAdaprekSI (mokSa kI ora dRSTi rakhanevAlA), sAdhu, vigatabhayabuddha (bhaya se rahita buddhimAn) Adi zabdoM se tathA avinIta ziSya ko asAdhu, ajJa, manda, mUr3ha, bAla, pApadRSTi, abahuzruta Adi zabdoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| . 1. tassesa maggo guruviddhasevA vivajjaNA bAlajaNassa duuraa| sajjhAyaegaMtanisevaNA ya suttattha saMcitaNayA dhiI ya // AhAramicche miyamesaNijja sahAyamicche niuNatthabuddhi / nikeyamicchejja vivegajoggaM samAhikAme samaNe tavassI // -u0 32.3-4. 2. aha paMcahi ThANehiM jehiM sikkhA na labbhaI / thaMbhA kohA pamAeNaM rogeNAlassaeNa ya / / -u0 11.3. 3. je yAvi hoi nivijje "aviNIe avhussue| -u0 11.2. 4. u0 1.7,9,20-21,27,26,37,36,41,45. 5. u0 1.28,37-368.511.2; 12.31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 225 - vinaya ke pAMca prakAra-grantha meM guru ke prati sammAna prakaTa karane ke pAMca prakAra batalAe gae haiM: 1. guru ke Ane para khar3e honA (abhyutthAna), 2. donoM hAtha jor3akara namaskAra karanA (aMjalikaraNa), 3. baiThane ke lie Asana denA (AsanadAna), 4. stuti (sammAna) karanA (gurubhakti) aura 5. bhAvapUrvaka sevA karanA (bhaavshushruussaa)| - avinaya va vinaya kA phala-granthAnusAra vinIta aura avinIta ziSya ke karttavyoM Adi kA varNana karane ke bAda aba avinIta aura vinIta ziSyoM ko prApta hone vAlA phala batalAte haiN| sarvaprathama avinIta ziSya ko prApta honevAlA phala batalAte haiN| jaise : 1. jisa prakAra sar3e kAnoM vAlI kutiyA pratyeka ghara se nikAla dI jAtI hai usI prakAra avinIta ziSya bhI sarvatra apamAnita karake chAtrAvAsa se nikAla diyA jAtA hai|2 2. jisa prakAra koI aDiyala baila gADI meM jote jAne para bhI yadi nahIM calatA hai to use cAbuka Adi se mArA jAtA hai usI prakAra avinIta ziSya guru se pratAr3ita hokara duHkhI hotA hai|3 3. jJAnAdi ko prApta nahIM karatA hai / 4. 'jJAnAdi kI prApti na hone se mukti kA bhI adhikArI nahIM hotA hai| isake viparIta vinIta ziSya nimna phala ko prApta karatA hai : 1. dekhie-prakaraNa 5, vinaya-tapa / 2. jahA suNI pUikannI nikkasijjaI savvaso / * evaM dussIlapaDiNIe muharI nikksijjii|| -u0 1.4. 3. khaluMke jo u joei vihammANo kilissaI / - asamAhiM ca veei tottao se ya bhjjii|| -u0 27.3. 4. dekhie-pR0 224, pA0 Ti0 3. 5. dekhie -pR0 218, pA0 Ti0 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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226 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 1. deva, manuSya Adi se sarvatra Adara prApta karatA hai', 2. kIrti kA vistAra karake sabakA AzrayadAtA bana jAtA hai,2 3. guru prasanna hokara use samasta jJAna de dete haiM,3 4. sandeha-rahita hokara tathA tapAdi karake divyajyoti prApta kara letA hai,4 5 jisa prakAra suzIla baila gAr3I meM jote jAnepara svayaM ko aura mAlika ko jaMgala se nikAlakara acche sthAna para le jAtA hai usI prakAra vinIta ziSya bhI sva aura para kA kalyANa karatA hai 5 6. mRtyu ke uparAnta yA to mokSa prApta karatA hai yA zaktizAlI (RddhidhArI) deva banatA hai| guru ke kartavya : ___ grantha meM guru ke lie AcArya, buddha, guru, pUjya, dharmAcArya, upAdhyAya, bhante, bhadanta Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jisase 1. sa devagaMdhavamaNussapUie caittu deha malapaMkapuvvayaM / siddha vA havai sAsae deve vA apparae mahiDiDhae // . -30 1.48. tathA dekhie-u0 1.7. 2. nagcA namai mehAvI loe kittI se jAyae / havaI kiccANaM saraNaM bhUyANaM jagaI jahA / -u0 1.45. 3. pujjA jassa pasIyaMti saMbuddhA puvvsNthyaa| pasannA lAbhaissaMti viusaM aTThiyaM suyaM // -u0 1.46. 4. sa pujjasatthe suviNIyasaMsae mahajjuI paMcavayAI paaliyaa| -u01.47. 5. vahaNe vahamANassa ""saMsAro aivttii| .. -30 27.2. 6: dekhie-pA0 Ti. 1 aura 4 7. AcArya-u0 8.13; 1.40-41, 43; 17.4; 27.11. buddha-1.8, 17, 27,40,42,46. guru-1.2-3,16-20; 26.8. pUjya-1.46. dharmAcArya-36.266. upAdhyAya-14.4. bhante-bhadanta-9.58,12. 30; 20.11; 23.22; 26.6; 26 vA adhyayana / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3: ratnatraya [ 227 guru ke guNoM Adi kA patA calatA hai| isa prakAra ke guru ko yadi vinIta yA avinIta ziSya milatA hai to use kyA karanA cAhie ? isa viSaya meM grantha meM guru ke nimnokta karttavya batalAe gae haiM : 1. vinIta ziSya pAkara guru ko cAhie ki vaha spaSTa aura sarala zabdoM meM apanI kamajorI ko chipAe binA ziSya ko sahI. sahI jJAna karA deve / / ____2. sAragarbhita praznoM kA hI uttara deve / asambaddha, asAra-garbhita aura nizcayAtmaka vANI na bole| - 3. nipuNa evaM vinIta ziSya kI hI abhilASA kre| yadi aisA yogya ziSya na mile to vyartha kA ziSya parivAra na bar3hAkara ekAkI vicaraNa kre| 4. garu kA upadeza pApanAzaka, kalyANakAraka, zAMti aura AtmazUddhi karanevAlA hotA hai| ata: upadeza dete samaya ziSya ko putra-tulya mAnakara usake lAbha ko dRSTi meM rakhe / 1. evaM viNayajuttassa suttaM atthaM ca tadubhayaM / pucchamANassa sIsassa vAgarijja jahAsuyaM // -u0 1.23. 2. musaM parihare bhikkhU na ya ohAriNIM vae / bhAsAdosaM parihare mAyaM ca vajjae sayA / na lavejja puTTho sAvajja na niraTheM na mammayaM / appaNaTThA paradA vA ubhayassantareNa vA // -u0 1.24-25. tathA dekhie-u0 adhyayana 6,12,23,25 Adi / 3.. na vA labhejjA niuNaM sahAyaM guNAhiyaM vA guNao samaM vaa| ego vi pAvAI vivajjayaMto viharejja kAmesu asajjamANo // -u0 32.5. tathA dekhie-u0 27.14-17. 4, jaM me buddhANusAsanti sIeNa pharuseNa vaa| mama lAbho ti pehAe payao taM paDissuNe / / -u0 1.27. tathA dekhie-pR. 223, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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228 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 5. aise ziSya ko upadeza na deve jo usa upadeza kA pAlana na kare apitu vinIta ziSya ko hI upadeza deve| jaise citta kA jIva saMbhata ke jIva brahmadala cakravartI ko upadeza dekara socatA hai ki maiMne ise vyartha upadeza diyA kyoMki isa para usakA koI prabhAva nahIM par3A hai|' ___ isa taraha grantha meM zAstrajJAna kI prApti ke lie ziSya ke jina guNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai una sabakA antarbhAva vinamratA, jitendriyatA evaM jJAnaprApti ke lie utkaTa-prayatnazIlatA ina tIna guNoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina tIna guNoM meM se vinaya guNa ziSya ke lie sarvAdhika Avazyaka hai kyoMki vinamratA jJAnaprApti ke lie AdhAra-stambha hai| kiJca, avinIta ko jJAnI hone para bhI 'apaNDita' kahA gayA hai tathA vinIta ko 'pnnddit'| grantha meM vinIta ziSya ke jina guNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve saba guru ke pUrNa anuzAsana meM rahane, guru kI sammAnAdi se sevA karane, hita-mita-priya bolane tathA saMketamAtra se tadanukala AcaraNa karane rUpa haiN| ina guNoM se rahita jo svacchanda vicaraNa karanevAle uddaNDa chAtra haiM ve saba avinIta haiM aura jJAnaprApti ke sarvathA ayogya haiN| isake atirikta vinIta vidyArthI ko jJAna kI prApti ho jAne para bhI vinaya ko nahIM tyAganA cAhie kyoMki vinaya hI saba prakAra kI saphalatA kA mUlAdhAra hai / grantha kA prArambha bhI vinaya adhyayana se kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta vinaya aura gurusevA ko pRthaka-pRthak tapa ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jisakA Age vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| isa taraha ke vinIta va yogya ziSya ko pAkara guru kA bhI karttavya ho jAtA hai ki vaha usake sAtha putravat vyavahAra kare tathA apanA samasta jJAna use de deve / jJAna kA mahattva prakaTa karane ke lie hI grantha meM guru kI mahattA para bahuta jora diyA gayA hai| sampracAritra (sadAcAra) AcAra vyakti kA vaha mUlya hai jisake dvArA vaha mahAn se mahAna aura nimna se bhI nimna bana sakatA hai| sadAcAra vyakti 1. mohaM kao ettiu vipalAvo gacchAmi rAyaM AmaMtio si / -u0 13.33. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 226 ko nIce se Upara uThAkara ucca siMhAsana para baiThA detA hai aura durAcAra ucca siMhAsana se uThAkara nIce garta meM Dhakela detA hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke hone para bhI yadi kisI meM sadAcAra nahIM hai to usake samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kAryasAdhaka nahIM ho sakate haiM kyoMki unakA prayojana sadAcAra meM pravatti karAnA hai| ataH grantha meM kahA gayA hai ki par3he hue veda vyakti kI rakSA nahIM kara sakate haiN|' aba prazna hai ki sadAcAra kyA hai ? yadi sadAcAra ko sAmAnyarUpa se eka vAkya meM kahanA cAheM to kaha sakate haiM ki dUsare ke sAtha hameM vaisA hI vyavahAra karanA cAhie jaisA ki hama dUsaroM se svayaM ke prati cAhate haiN| isI siddhAnta ko daSTi meM rakhakara hI sadAcAra ko grantha meM ahiMsA ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai tathA isa ahiMsA ke sAtha satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha (dhana-sampatti kA tyAga) ina cAra anya AcAraparaka niyamoM ko jor3A gayA hai| isake atirikta jitane bhI niyama aura upaniyama batalAe gae haiM jinakA Age varNana kiyA jAegA, ve saba ina pA~ca vratoM kI hI pUrNatA evaM nirdoSatA ke lie haiN| jaise-jaise ina vratoM ke pAlana se sadAcAra meM vRddhi hotI jAtI hai taise-taise vyakti vItarAgatA kI ora bar3hatA jAtA hai, jaise-jaise vItarAgatA kI ora agrasara hotA jAtA hai taise-taise pUrvabaddha-karma bhI AtmA se pRthak hote jAte haiM aura jaise-jaise pUrvabaddha-karma AtmA se pRthaka hote jAte haiM taise-taise AtmA nirmala se nirmalatara avasthA ko prApta karatI huI mukti ko prApta kara letI hai| 1. veyA ahIyA na havaMti tANaM / -u0 14.12. pasubandhA savveyA jaThaM ca pAvakammuNA / na taM tAyaMti dussIlaM kammANi balavaMti hi| --u0 25.30. 2. cArittamAyAra guNannie tao aNuttaraM saMjama pAliyANaM / nirAsave saMkhaviyANa kamma uvei ThANaM viu luttamaM dhRvaM // -u0 20.52. tathA dekhie-u0 28.33; 26.58,61. For Personal & Private Use Only

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230 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana samyakcAritra ke pramukha pA~ca prakAra : cAritra ke vikAsakrama ko dRSTi meM rakhakara sadAcAra ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai:1 1. azubhAtmaka-pravRtti ko rokakara samatAbhAva meM sthira honA (sAmAyikacAritra), 2. pahale lie gae vratoM ko punaH grahaNa karanA (chedopasthApanAcAritra), 3. AtmA kI vizeSa zuddhi ke lie tapazcaraNa karanA (parihAravizuddhicAritra), 4. saMsAra ke viSayoM meM atyalpa rAga rahanA (sUkSmasamparAyacAritra) aura 5. pUrNa vItarAgI honA (yathAkhyAtacAritra) / inake svarUpa vagairaha isa prakAra haiM : 1. sAmAyikacAritra-samatAbhAva meM sthita hone ke lie pApAtmaka (hiMsAmUlaka) pravRttiyoM ko rokakara ahiMsAdi pA~ca naitika vratoM kA pAlana karanA / yaha sadAcAra kI prathama avasthA hai| sadgRhastha kA sadAcAra bhI isI koTi meM AtA hai| sAmAjika sadAcAra-paraka jitane bhI niyama-upaniyama haiM ve sabhI isI cAritra ke antargata Ate haiN| vAstava meM sAmAyikacAritra kA prArambha sAdhu-dharma meM dIkSA lene ke bAda se prArambha hotA hai kyoMki sAmAyikacAritra Adi jo cAritra ke 5 bheda kie gae haiM ve saba sAdhu ke AcAra kI apekSA se kie gae haiN| ataH sAdhu banane ke pUrva kA jo bhI ahiMsAtmaka sadAcAra hai vaha bhI sAmAyika-cAritra kI pUrva-pIThikArUpa hone se isI ke antargata AtA hai| 2. chedopasthApanAcAritra-cheda kA artha hai-bhedana karanA yA chodd'naa| upasthApanA kA artha hai-punaH grahaNa krnaa| arthAt sAmAyikacAritra kA pAlana karate samaya lie gae ahiMsAdi pA~ca naitika vratoM ko punaH jIvanaparyanta ke lie vizeSarUpa se grahaNa krnaa| jaba ahiMsAdi naitika-vratoM ko jIvana-paryanta ke lie punaH 1. sAmAiyattha paDhama chedovaThThAvaNaM bhave vIyaM / parihAravisuddhIyaM suhumaM taha saMparAyaM ca / / akasAyamahakkhAyaM chau matthassa jiNassa vaa| eyaM cayaritakaraM cArittaM hoi AhiyaM / / -u0 28.32-33.. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 231 grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai to unakA vizeSa sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pAlana karanA par3atA hai| isameM sAdhaka pahale grahaNa kie gae vratoM kA chedana karake punaH upasthApanA karatA hai| ataH ise chedopasthApanAcAritra kahate haiM / yaha sadAcAra kI dUsarI avasthA hai / 3. parihAravizuddhicAritra-eka viziSTa prakAra ke tapazcaraNa' dvArA AtmA kI vizeSa zuddhi karane ko parihAravizuddhicAritra kahate haiN| cAritra ke tapapradhAna hone ke kAraNa hI isa parihAravizuddhi cAritra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha cAritra kI tRtIya avasthA hai| 4 sUkSmasamparAyacAritra-yaha cAritra kI cauthI avasthA hai| isa avasthA taka pahu~cane para sAdhaka ko sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati bahata hI svalpa rAga-buddhi raha jAtI hai aura sabhI kaSAya zAnta ho jAte haiN| sUkSma-samparAya kA artha hai-svalpecchA kI dhArA bahatI rhnaa| arthAt isa avasthA meM svalpa rAga kI dhArA maujUda rahane se karmoM kA thor3A-thor3A AnA banA rahatA hai| 5 yathAkhyAtacAritra-yaha cAritra kI antima avasthA hai| jaba svalparAga kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai taba isa prakAra ke cAritra kI prApti hotI hai| yahA~ rAga ke abhAva se tAtparya sarvathA usake kSaya se nahIM hai apitu usakI upazAnta avasthA bhI abhipreta hai| isIlie isa cAritra kA dhArI sarvajJa ( jina ) kI .. 1. tapa kI vidhi - jaba koI nau sAdhu kisI eka tapa ko 18 mAsa taka milakara karate haiM to unameM se koI cAra sAdhu 6 mAsa taka tapa karate haiM, anya cAra unakI sevA karate haiM tathA avaziSTa eka sAdhu nirIkSaka (vAmanAcArya) hotA hai| chaH mAsa ke bAda sevA karanevAle cAroM sAdhu tapa karate haiM aura tapa karanevAle cAroM sAdhU unakI sevA karate haiN| isa taraha punaH chaH mAsa bIta jAne para vAmanAcArya chaH mAsa taka tapa karatA haiM tathA anya ATha sAdhuoM meM se koI eka vAmanAcArya bana jAtA hai aura zeSa sabhI usakI sevA karate haiN| isa taraha yaha 18 mAsa ke tapa kI eka vidhi hai| dekhie-u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1242. For Personal & Private Use Only

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2321] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana taraha asarvajJa (chadamastha-jo pUrNa jJAnI nahIM hai) bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|' isa cAritra kA dhArI jinopadiSTa cAritra kA usI rUpa meM pAlana karatA hai jaisA unhoMne kahA hai| ataH ise yathAkhyAtacAritra kahate haiN| yaha pUrNa vItarAgatA kI avasthA hai| isa yathAkhyAtacAritra kI pUrNatA hone para (caramAvasthA meM) saba karma naSTa ho jAte haiM aura taba sAdhaka saba prakAra ke duHkhoM kA anta karake siddha, buddha evaM mukta ho jAtA hai / ___ isa taraha sadAcAra ke ina bhedoM ko dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki ye kramazaH uttarottara zreSTha haiN| yaha sadAcAra ahiMsA kI bhAvanA se prArambha hokara pUrNa vItarAgatA kI avasthA meM pUrNa ho jAtA hai| ina sadAcAra ke bhedoM meM saMsAra ke viSayoM ke prati rAga kI bhAvanA utta rottara kama hotI gaI hai| vItarAgatA ko sadAcAra kI parAkASThA svIkAra karane ke kAraNa 'rAga' kI hInAdhikatA ko lekara yaha cAritra kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM rAga kI honAdhikatA ko lekara anya prakAra se bhI jIva kI 14 avasthAe~ (guNasthAna) batalAI gaI haiM jinameM jIva ke nimnatama AcAra se lekara uccatama AcAra taka ke vikAsa-krama ko AdhyAtmika-prakriyA ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai| jise saMsAra ke viSayoM meM sabase adhika rAga hai vaha sabase nimnadarjevAlA vyakti hai aura jise saMsAra ke viSayoM meM sabase kama rAga (yA rAga kA abhAva) hai vaha sabase uccadarjevAlA vyakti hai| sAmAyika Adi pA~ca prakAra ke cAritra se ye avasthAe~ sarvathA bhinna nahIM haiM apitu unakA hI yahA~ 14 avasthAoM meM vistAra kiyA gayA hai| inameM yahI batalAyA gayA hai ki jIva kisa prakAra dhIre1. dekhie-pR0 230, pA0 Ti0 1. 2. cArittapajjave visohitA ahakkhAya carittaM visohei| ahakkhAyarittaM visohittA cattAri kammase khavei / tao pacchA sijjhai, bujjhai, muccai, parinivvayAi, samvadukkhANamaMtaM karei / -u0 26. 58. tathA dekhie-u0 31. 1; pR0 226, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 233 dhIre cAritra kA vikAsa karate hue nIce se Upara kI ora mukti ke lie bar3hatA hai|' 1. jIvoM ke AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kI 14 avasthAe~ (guNasthAna-jIva sthAna) ye haiM : 1. mithyAdRSTi-saMsArAsakta hokara adhArmika-jIvana yApana karanevAlA, 2. sAsAdana-dhArmika-jIvana se adhAmika-jIvana kI ora patana karane vAlA arthAt jo abhI mithyAdRSTi to nahIM hai parantu mithyAdRSTi hone vAlA hai, 3. samyaktvamithyAdRSTi (mizra)kucha dhArmika aura kucha adhArmika-jIvana yApana karane vAlA, 4. aviratasamyagdRSTi-sAmAnya gRhastha kA jIvana jo abhI saMsAra ke viSayoM se virakta nahIM hai, 5. viratAvirata (dezavirata)sAMsArika viSayoM se aMzataH virata aura aMzataH avirata gahastha, 6. pramattasaMyata-navadIkSita sAdhu jo saMsAra ke viSayoM se sarvavirata to hai parantu kabhI-kabhI pramAda karatA rahatA hai, 7. apramattasaMyatapramAdarahita hokara sadAcAra kA pAlana karane vaalaa| isake bAda Age bar3hane kI do zreNiyAM haiM: ka. upazamazreNI (jisameM mohanIya karma bhasmAcchanna agni kI taraha davA par3A rahatA hai aura bAda meM samaya Ane para udaya meM AtA hai jisase usa jIva kA nIce kI ora patana hotA hai) aura kha. kSapakazreNI (jisameM sadA ke lie karmoM ko naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai aura jIva Age kI ora hI bar3hatA jAtA hai)| upazamazreNI ATha guNasthAna se lekara gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka hI hai tathA kSayaruzregI anta taka hai| inake nAmoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai, sirpha mohanIya karma ke upazama yA kSaya kI apekSA se hI bheda hai / kSapa kazreNI vAlA dasaveM guNasthAna ke bAda sIdhe bArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| 5. nivRtivAra (apUrvakaraNa)-syUla kaSAyoM ke upazama yA kSaya se prApta jIva kI sthiti / isa avasthA kI prApti pahale kabhI na hone ke kAraNa ise 'apUrvakaraNa' bhI kahate haiM / 9. anivRttibAdara (anivRttikaraNa )-apratyAkhyAnAvaraNI (sthUla kI apekSA kucha sUkSma) kaSAyoM evaM nokaSAyoM ke upazama yA vinAza se prApta jIva kI sthiti, 10. sUkSmasamparAya-jisake atyanta sUkSma kaSAya mAtra raha gayA hai aise jIva kI sthiti, 11. upazAnta-moha For Personal & Private Use Only

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234] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana cAritra ke vibhAjana kA dUsarA prakAra : sadAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle gahastha aura sAdha kI apekSA se grantha meM anya prakAra se bhI cAritra kA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai jise gRhasthAcAra aura sAdhvAcAra ke nAma se kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ke vibhAjana kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki gRhasthAcAra aura sAdhvAcAra paraspara pRthak-pRthaka haiM apita gRhasthAcAra sAdhvAcAra kI prArambhika abhyAsa kI avasthA hai| gahastha sAmAjika evaM kuTamba-sambandhI kAryoM ko karatA haA ahiMsAdi pA~ca vratoM kA sthUlarUpa se pAlana karatA hai jabaki sAdhu unhIM ahiMsAdi vratoM kA sUkSmAtisUkSmarUpa se pAlana karatA hai / gRhatyAgI sAdhu kA samAja jisane saba mohanIya karmoM kA upazama kara diyA hai aise jIva kI sthiti (yaha guNasthAna sirpha upazamazreNI vAle jIva ko hI hotA hai), 12. kSINa-moha-jisane sampUrNa mohanIya karmoM ko hamezA ke lie naSTa kara diyA hai, 13. sayogakevalI- jo mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA (yoga) se yukta hai aise kevalajJAnI (jIvanmukta) jIva kI sthiti aura 14. ayoga-kevalI-saba prakAra kI kriyAoM se rahita kevalajJAnI (jIvanmukta) kI caramAvasthA / jIva kI ina 14 avasthAoM meM se mithyAdRSTi sabase nimnakoTi ke AcAravAlA vyakti hai tathA ayoga kevalI sarvocca sadAcArasampanna jIva hai| inameM uttarottara saMsAra ke viSayoM se mamatva (moha) ghaTatA gayA hai| vastutaH sadAcAra kA vikAsa cauthI avasthA se prArambha hotA hai aura kSINamoha kI avasthA meM pUrNa ho jAtA hai| antima do avasthAe~ mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA (yoga) se sahita va rahita aise do prakAra ke jIvanmuktoM kI haiN| isa taraha sAmAyikacAritra kathaMcit cauthe aura pAMcaveM guNasthAna meM, chedopasthApanAcAritra 6The aura 7 veM meM, parihAravizuddhicAritra 8 veM aura 8veM meM, sUkSmasamparAyacAritra 10 veM meM aura yathAkhyAtacAritra 11 veM se anta taka pAyA jAtA hai| antima do avasthAoM kA vizeSa varNana mukti ke prakaraNa meM kiyA jaaegaa| dekhie-samavA0, samavAya 14; gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa, pariccheda 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 235 prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya evaM kuTumba se koI vizeSa sambandha nahIM rahatA hai| gRhastha kA bhI uddezya isI avasthA ( sAdhvAcAra) kI ora bar3hanA hai parantu gRhastha para gRhasthI kA bhAra hone ke kAraNa vaha usa avasthA taka pahu~cane meM asamartha hotA huA ahiMsAdi vratoM kA sthUlarUpa se pAlana karatA hai / gRhasthAcAra - gRhastha-dharma kA upadeza unheM hI diyA gayA hai jo sAdhvAcAra kA pAlana karane meM asamartha haiM / ataH citta kA jIva brahmadatta cakravartI se kahatA hai - 'he rAjan ! yadi tuma bhogoM ko tyAgane (sarvaviratirUpa sAdhu-dharma svIkAra karane) meM asamartha ho to gRhasthocita Arya-karma (sadAcAra karo tathA dharma meM sthita hokara sampUrNa prajA para anukampA karane vAle bano / " yahA~ para gRhastha kA AcAra 'Arya-karma' tathA 'dayA' batalAyA gayA hai / isake atirikta grantha meM gRhastha ke 11 niyamoM (pratimAe~ ) tathA mAha meM kama se kama eka bAra upavAsa ( proSadha) karate hue samyaktva kA pAlana karane kA ullekha milatA hai / 2 nami pravrajyA nAmaka adhyayana meM indra gRhasthadharma meM sthita vyakti ko 'ghorAzramI' kahatA hai ? kyoMki gRhastha ke Upara anya sabhI AzramavAsiyoM kA tathA kuTumba Adi kA bhAra rahatA hai aura use una saba kA pAlana-poSaNa 1. jai taM si bhoge caiuM asatto ajjAI kammAI karehi rAyaM / dhammeThi savvapANukaMpI to hohisi devo io viuvvI // - u0 13.32. tathA dekhie - u0 14.26-27; 22.38; upAsakadazAGga 1.12; rmAmRta 2.1. 2. agAra sAmAiyaMgAI saDDhI kAeNa phAsae / posahaM duhao pakkhaM egarAyaM na havAe // - u0 5.23. uvAsa gANaM paDimAsu ...." se na acchai maMDale | - u0 31. 11. 3. ghorAsamaM caittANaM annaM patthesi AsamaM / iva posaharao bhavAhi maNuyAhivA || - u0 6. 42. For Personal & Private Use Only

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236 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana karanA par3atA hai| isIlie anya AzramoM kI apekSA gRhasthAzrama ko atyanta kaThina kahA gayA hai| gahastha mAtA-pitAdi parivAra ke sAtha apane gRha meM nivAsa karatA hai, sAdhuoM kI bhojana-pAna Adi se sevA karatA hai aura sthUlarUpa se ahiMsAdi dhArmika niyamoM kA pAlana karatA hai| ataH use grantha meM gRhastha, sAgAra, upAsaka, zrAvaka, asaMyata Adi zabdoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai|' gahastha kI jina gyAraha pratimAoM kA grantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai unameM gRhastha ke AcAra-sambandhI upavAsa, dayA, dAna Adi sabhI vrata A jAte haiN| TIkA-granthoM tathA gRhasthAcAra ke pratipAdaka granthoM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki gRhastha ina gyAraha pratimAoM (niyamoM) kA kramazaH dhAraNa karatA huA Age kI ora bar3hatA hai| Age-Age kI pratimA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA gRhastha pIche kI pratimAoM ke sabhI niyamoM kA pAlana karatA huA sAdhvAcAra kI ora bar3hane kA nirantara prayatna karatA rahatA hai| digambara-paramparA meM bhI isI prakAra kI gRhastha kI 11 1. dekhie-pR0235, pA0 Ti0 2-3; u0 21. 1-2, 5; 26. 45. 2. gRhastha kI gyAraha pratimAeM ye haiM : 1. darzana-jinopadiSTa tattvoM meM vizvAsa, 2. vrata-ahiMsA Adi bAraha vratoM ke pAlana karane meM yatnavAn honA / ve ahiMsAdi bAraha vrata isa prakAra haiM : sthUlarUpa se ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA, satyabolanA, corI na karanA, parastrIsevana na karanA, dhanAdi kA adhika saMgraha na karanA, cAroM dizAoM meM gamanAgamanasambandhI sImA nirdhArita karanA, bhogya aura upabhogya vastuoM ke sevana kI maryAdA karanA, sarvadA anupayogI vastuoM aura kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA, prAtaH-sAyaM tathA madhyAhna meM AtmaguNoM kA cintana karate hue samatAbhAva meM sthira honA (sAmAyika), deza va nagara meM paribhramaNa kI sImA ko niyata karanA, mAsa meM do bAra yA kama se kama eka bAra upavAsa karanA (proSadha), aura Agantuka dIna-duHkhI va sAdhu Adi kI apanI zaktyanusAra dAnAdi ) sevA krnaa| inameM se prathama pAMca vrata 'aNuvrata' kahalAte haiM kyoMki inameM ahiMsAdi pA~ca mahAvratoM kA sthUla rUpa se pAlana kiyA jAtA hai / AtmavikAsa ke lie mUlabhUta va guNarUpa hone ke kAraNa zvetAmbara-paramparA meM inheM 'mUlaguNa' kahate haiM / inake ati For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [237 pratimAe~ ginAI gaI haiM / yadyapi unake krama, nAma evaM artha meM thor3A antara pAyA jAtA hai| parantu donoM kA uddezya eka hai -AtmavikAsa karate hue sarvaviratirUpa sAdhvAcAra kI avasthA ko prApta krnaa| __gRhasthAcAra pAlana karane kA phala-isa prakAra ke gRhasthadharma kA pAlana karane vAlA vyakti jisa phala ko prApta karatA hai vaha usake AtmavikAsa kI hInAdhikatA para nirbhara karatA hai| ataH grantha meM kahA hai ki jo gRhasthadharma kA pAlana karatA hai vaha manuSya rikta zeSa sAta vrata ahiMsAdivratoM kI rakSA ke lie haiM jo 'guNavata' evaM 'zikSAvata' ke nAma se kahe jAte haiN| ye bAraha vrata Age kI pratimAoM kI dar3hatA meM sahAyaka-kAraNa hote haiM, . 3. sAmAyikasAmAyikavrata kA dRr3hatA se pAlana karanA, 4. proSadha-proSadhavrata kA dRr3hatA se pAlana karanA, 5. niyama-rAtribhojana-tyAga Adi niyama-vizeSa lenA, 6. brahmacarya-pUrNa-brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA, 7. sacitavirata-kandamUla, Adi harI vanaspatiyoM kA tyAga karanA, 8. Arambhavirata-jisameM jIvoM kI hiMsA ho aisI sAvadha (pApAtmaka) kriyAoM ko svayaM na karanA, 6. preSyArambhaviratadUsaroM ko bhI gRhasthIsambandhI sAvadhakriyAe~ karane ke lie prerita na karanA, 10. uddiSTa bhaktavirata-svayaM ke uddezya se banAe gae bhojanAdi ko na khAnA athavA gRhasthI ke kAryoM kI anumodanA na karanA aura 11. zramaNabhUta-jaina sAdhu kI taraha AcaraNa krnaa| isa pratimAdhArI gRhastha aura sAdhu meM yaha antara hai ki isa pratimA kA dhArI sva-kuTumbI janoM ke yahA~ se hI AhArAdi letA hai jabaki sAdhu sva-kuTumba se pUrNa mamatva chor3akara sarvatra vicaraNa karatA huA saba jagaha se AhAra letA hai| dekhie-dazAzrutaskandha, dazA 6-7; samavA0, samavAya 11; upAsakadazAGga, pR0 115-122; jaina-yoga (Ara0 viliyamsa), pR0 50-51,56. 1. digambara-paramparA meM gRhastha kI gyAraha pratimAeM kramazaH isa prakAra haiM: darzana, vrata, sAmAyika, proSadha, sacittavirata, rAtribhojana-virata, brahmacarya, ArambhatyAga, parigraha-virata, anumativirata tathA uddiSTa-virata / dekhie-jainaAcAra, DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pR0 130. For Personal & Private Use Only

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238 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana janma se lekara deva aura mukta avasthA ko bhI prApta kara sakatA hai|' gRhastha aura sAdhu ke AvAra meM bheda kA kAraNa vItarAgatAgRhasthadharma pAlana karane kA phala jo mukti batalAyA gayA hai vaha sAkSAta-phala saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki aisA siddhAnta hai ki jabataka pUrNa vItarAgatA nahIM hogI tabataka mukti nahIM mila sakatI hai| yaha saMbhava hai ki gRhastha mRtyu ke samaya saMsAra ke viSayoM se pUrNa vItarAgI hokara mukti prApta kara leve parantu jaba gRhastha pUrNa vItarAgI ho jAegA to vaha vastutaH gRhastha nahIM rhegaa|2 ataH grantha meM sAdhu kA svarUpa batalAte hue likhA hai ki jo bAlabhAva ko chor3akara abAlabhAva ko dhAraNa karate haiM ve sAdha haiN| jo saMsArAsakta haiM ve bAla (makha) haiM aura jo nirAsakta haiM ve abAla (paNDita) haiN| kevala zira mur3Ane se zramaNa, oMkAra kA jApa karane se brAhmaNa, jaMgala meM rahane se muni aura kuzA Adi dhAraNa karane se tapasvI nahIM kahalAte haiM apitu samatA se zramaNa, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni aura tapa karane se tapasvI kahalAte haiN| isake atirikta 1. vemAyAhiM sikkhAhiM je narA gihisuvvyaa| uti mANasaM joNi kammasaccA hu pANiNo // -u0 7. 200 tathA dekhie-u0 5. 24; pR0 235, pA0 Ti0 1-2. 2. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-prakaraNa 7. 3. tuliyA Na bAlabhAvaM abAlaM ceva paMDie / caiUNa bAlabhAva abAlaM sevae muNi / -u0 7. 30. na vi muNDieNa samaNo na oMkAreNa baMbhaNo / na muNI raNNavAseNaM kusacIreNa na tAvaso // samayAe samaNo hoi baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo / nANeNa ya muNI hoI taveNa hoi tAvaso / -u0 25.31-32. jaM maggahA bAhiriyaM visohiM na taM suiThaM kusalA vayaMti / -u0.12 38. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 236 antaraGga-zuddhi ke abhAva meM bAhya-zuddhi (bAhyaliGga) polI-muTThI, khoTI-muhara aura kA~ca kI maNi kI taraha sArahIna hai|' jisaprakAra pAna kiyA gayA atitIvra viSa, ulaTA pakar3A huA astra aura avazIkRta mantrAdi kA prayoga svayaM kA vighAtaka hotA hai usI prakAra dikhAvaTI sAdha kaMTha kA chedana karane vAle zatru se bhI adhika svayaM kA anartha karake pazcAttApa ko prApta hotA huA nara* kAdi yoniyoM meM janma-maraNa prApta karatA hai / 2 ataH grantha meM kahA hai ki saMyamahIna sAdhu kI apekSA saMyamI gRhastha zreSTha hai / ' - isa taraha gRhastha kA sampUrNa AcAra sAdhvAcAra kI prArambhikaavasthA ke rUpa meM hai| gRhastha gRhasthI meM rahakara sAmAjika kAryoM ko karatA haA ahiMsAdi una sabhI niyamoM kA sthalarUpa se pAlana karatA hai jinakA sAdhu vizeSarUpa (sUkSmatA) se pAlana karatA hai| 9aanuhiin isa prakaraNa meM saMsAra ke duHkhoM se nivRtti pAne kA evaM avinazvara sukha kI prApti ke AdhyAtmika-mArga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jisa 1. pulleva muTThI jaha se asAre ayaMtie kUDakahAvaNe vA / . rADhAmaNI veruliyappagAse amahagghae hoi hu jANaesu / / -u0 20.42. 2. visaM tu pIyaM jaha kAlakUDaM haNAi satthaM jaha kuggahIyaM / eso vi dhammo visovavanno haNAi veyAla ivaavivnno| -u020. 44. na taM ari kaMThachittA karei ja se kare appaNiyA durppaa| . se nAhiI maccu muhaM tu patte pacchANutAveNa dayAvihUNo // -u0 20.48. 3. nANAsIlA agAratthA visamasIlA ya bhikkhuNo / -u0 5.16 saMti egehi bhikkhUhi gAratthA sNjmuttraa| -u05.20. For Personal & Private Use Only

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240 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana prakAra kisI kArya kI saphalatA ke lie icchA, jJAna aura prayatna ina tIna bAtoM kA saMyoga Avazyaka hotA hai usI prakAra saMsAra ke du:khoM se nivRtti pAne ke lie bhI vizvAsa, jJAna aura sadAcAra ke saMyoga kI AvazyakatA hai| ise hI grantha meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| yahA~ itanA vizeSa hai ki darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ye tInoM gItA ke bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga aura karmayoga kI taraha pRthaka-pRthaka mukti ke tIna mArga nahIM haiM apitu tInoM milakara eka hI mArga kA nirmANa karate haiN| ina tInoM kA sammilita nAma 'ratnatraya' hai / grantha meM yadyapi kahIM-kahIM jJAna ke pUrva cAritra kA tathA darzana ke pUrva jJAna va cAritra kA bhI prayoga milatA hai parantu inakI utpatti kramazaH hotI hai| yaha avazya hai ki vizvAsa meM jJAna va cAritra se, jJAna meM vizvAsa va cAritra se tathA cAritra meM jJAna va vizvAsa se dRDhatA AtI hai| isake atirikta grantha meM kahIM darzana ke eka aMga se, kahIM jJAna ke eka aMga se aura kahIM cAritra ke eka aMga se mukti kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai parantu aisA sirpha usa aMga-vizeSa kA mahattva prakaTa karane ke lie hI kiyA gayA hai| jJAna kI pUrNatA ho jAne para bhI jIva kI saMsAra meM kucha samaya ke lie sthiti svIkAra karane ke kAraNa evaM phaile hue durAcAra ko rokane ke lie cAritra ko sarvopari sthAna diyA gayA hai, anyathA jaba saMsAra kA mUlakAraNa ajJAna hai to saccA-jJAna hI mukti kA pradhAna kAraNa ho sakatA hai| yaha avazya hai ki vizvAsa evaM cAritra se usameM dar3hatA AtI hai parantu jaba kisI ko samyaka va pUrNajJAna ho jAegA to vaha durAcAra meM kyoM pravRtta hogA ? durAcAra meM pravRtti tabhI taka saMbhava hai jaba-taka saccA-jJAna na ho| yadi saccA-jJAna hone para bhI koI durAcAra meM pravRtta hotA hai to vaha vAstava meM saccA-jJAnI nahIM hai / isIlie jJAna kI pUrNatA ho jAne para kevalajJAnI ko 'jIvanmukta' mAnA gayA hai tathA vaha zeSa karmoM ko zIghra naSTa karake niyama se pUrNa-mukta ho jAtA hai / ata: jJAna ho jAne ke bAda bhI jIva kI sthiti kucha kAla taka rahane ke kAraNa cAritra ko bAda meM ginAyA gayA hai| isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki jJAna mAtra se mukti milatI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [- 241 hai apitu usameM vizvAsa va cAritra bhI apekSita hai / ataH ratnatraya tripuTI ko jo mokSa kA mArga batalAyA gayA hai vaha ucita hI hai / ina tInoM kA sammilita nAma 'dharma' bhI hai aura yaha dharma zabda pahale prakaraNa meM varNita 'dharmadravya' se pRthak hai / yaha puNyakarma kA bhI vAcaka nahIM hai kyoMki puNyakarma bandhana kA kAraNa hai / yaha dharma zabda niSkAma evaM zuddha sadAcAra ke artha kA vAcaka hai / cU~ki pUrNa evaM zuddha sadAcAra binA vizvAsa evaM satyajJAna ke saMbhava nahIM hai ataH yahA~ para dharma zabda kA artha samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritraparaka mAnA gayA hai| jo isa prakAra ke dharma se yukta haiM ve hI 'sanAtha' evaM 'dhArmika' haiM aura jo isa prakAra ke dharma se rahita haiM ve 'anAtha' evaM 'adhArmika' haiM / isa taraha yaha dharma zabda mImAMsAdarzana ke yajJa-yAgAdikriyArUpa dharma zabda se bhI bhinna hai / gItA kA yaha upadeza ki 'zraddhAvAn hI pahale jJAna prApta karatA hai aura phira saMyatendriya banatA hai" yahA~ pUrNarUpa se lAgU hotA hai / ratnatraya meM pahalA sthAna samyagdarzana kA hai jo bhakti (zraddhA) sthAnApanna hai / binA zraddhA ke koI bhI vyakti kisI bhI kriyA meM pravRtta nahIM ho sakatA hai / yadi pravRtta hotA bhI hai to usameM dRr3hatA kA abhAva hone se patita hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / ataH * Avazyaka thA ki jJAna aura cAritra ke pUrva zraddhA ko utpanna karane vAle samyagdarzana ko svIkAra kiyA jAe / yaha mukti kI ora bar3hane ke lie prathama sIr3hI hai tathA jJAna aura cAritra kI AdhAra - zilA bhI hai| sRSTikartA Izvara ko svIkAra na karane ke kAraNa tathA apane hI karma se jIva meM utthAna aura patana kI zakti ko mAnane ke kAraNa yadyapi zraddhA va bhakti kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM thI parantu jJAna aura cAritra meM pravRtti binA zraddhA ke sambhava na hone se samyagdarzana kA artha 'Izvara bhakti' na karake jinapraNIta & paramArtha satyoM meM vizvAsa kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM 'jinendrabhakti' ko jo samyagdarzana kA aMga mAnA jAtA hai usakA kAraNa hai ki usase jinapraNIta tattvoM meM zraddhA utpanna hotI hai / yahA~ paramArthasatya se 1. gItA 4.36. For Personal & Private Use Only

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242 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana tAtparya kisI Thosa dravya se nahIM hai apitu cetana aura acetana meM hone vAle paraspara sambandhoM kI kAraNakAryazRMkhalA se hai jo bauddha darzana meM batalAe gae cAra AryasatyoM ke hI samAna haiM / bauddhadarzana meM Atma-anAtmaviSayaka koI bheda nahIM hai aura na unakI paramArtha sattA hai | ataH una AryasatyoM meM cetana aura acetana kA sanniveza nahIM kiyA gayA hai / parantu yahA~ para Atma-anAtmaviSayaka bheda utanA hI paramArthasatya hai jitane anya satya kyoMki Atma-anAtma ko paramArthasatya svIkAra kie binA kise bandhana, kise mukti, kisase bandhana aura kisase mukti mAnI jAegI ? ataH grantha meM jIvAdi paramArthasatyoM meM vizvAsa karane ko samyagdarzana kahA gayA hai / isa samyagdarzana zabda eka aura artha nihita hai / vaha haisat - dRSTi ko prApta karanA / sat-dRSTi prApta karane kA artha haiparamArtha meM sthita honA / ataH samyagdarzana ko ratnatraya kA upalakSaNa mAnakara ratnatrayadhArI ko samyagdaSTi kahA gayA hai / bauddhadarzana meM bhI mukti ke sAdhanabhUta prajJA, zIla aura samAdhi ke pUrva isa sat-dRSTi ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo bauddhadarzana meM 'Arya aSTAGgamArga' ke nAma se prasiddha hai / grantha meM samyagdarzana ke jo 10 bheda ginAe gae haiM ve usakI utpatti kI nimittakAraNatArUpa upAdhi kI apekSA se haiM kyoMki satdRSTi kA prApta karanA yA paramArthasatyoM meM vizvAsa karanA sarvatra apekSita hai / yahA~ maiM eka bAta aura spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se utpanna hone vAlA 'darzana' guNa - vizeSa zraddhArUpa samyagdarzana nahIM hai kyoMki zraddhArUpa samyagdarzana darzanamohanIya karma ke kSaya kA pratiphala hai, na ki darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya kA pariNAma | darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se utpanna hone vAlA 'darzana' guNa - vizeSa jJAna kI pUrvAvasthA hai arthAt viSaya aura viSayI ke sannipAta hone para jo sarvaprathama nirAkAra sAmAnyabodha hotA hai use 'darzana' kahate haiM aura darzana ke bAda (viSaya-viSayI ke sannipAta ke uttarakAla meM ) hone vAle sAkAra ( vizeSa ) bodha ko 'jJAna' kahate haiM / isa taraha 'darzana' guNa kA artha hai 'nirAkArAtmaka sAmAnya jJAna' aura samyagdarzana zabda kA artha hai 'paramArthabhUta satyoM For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3 : ratnatraya [ 243 meM vizvAsa / ' isake atirikta samyagjJAna kA artha hai - samyagdarzana ke dvArA zraddhAna kie gae padArthoM kA yathAvasthita sAkArAtmaka vizeSa jJAna / ratnatraya meM dvitIya sthAna samyagjJAna kA hai jisake abhAva meM samyakcAritra sthira nahIM raha sakatA hai kyoMki jabataka satyajJAna nahIM hogA tabataka sadAcAra meM samyak pravRtti kaise ho sakatI hai ? jJAna ke abhAva meM zraddhA bhI cirasthAyI nahIM ho sakatI hai / jaba satyajJAna ho jAtA hai to phira durAcAra meM pravRtti kA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jAtA hai kyoMki durAcAra meM pravRtti kA kAraNa ajJAna hai / yahAM para cetana se acetana kA pArthakya - bodha hI satyajJAna hai, jabaki bauddhadarzana meM cetana kI pRthak pratIti honA mithyAjJAna hai / bauddhadarzana meM cetana dravya svIkAra na karane ke kAraNa 'AtmajJAna' ko mithyA kahA gayA hai aura prakRta grantha meM acetanarUpa bhautika zarIrAdi se cetana kI pRthak pratIti karAne ke lie 'AtmajJAna' ko samyagjJAna mAnA gayA hai / jabataka bhedAtmaka AtmajJAna nahIM hogA tabataka saMsAra ke viSayoM se virakti nahIM ho sakatI hai / ataH AtmajJAna ko satyajJAna ke rUpa meM pradarzita karake jJAna ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa mAnA gayA hai jo karmarUpI AvaraNa (jJAnAvaraNIyakarma) ke haTane para prakaTa hotA hai / uttarAdhyayana meM jJAna kA vibhAjana usakI vibhinna pA~ca avasthAoM ke AdhAra se kiyA gayA hai| jJAna ke isa vibhAjana meM itanA vizeSa hai ki zAstrajJAna kA mahattva prakaTa karane ke lie prakRta grantha meM zrutajJAna ko prathama ginAyA gayA hai| jabaki jainadarzana meM zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM matijJAna ( AbhinibodhikajJAna ) ko nimitta mAnakara matijJAna ko zrutajJAna ke pUrva batalAyA gayA hai / ' indriyajanya matijJAna sabhI saMsArI jIvoM meM hInAdhikarUpa meM avazya pAyA jAtA hai kyoMki sabhI saMsArI jIvoM ke kama se kama sparzana indriya avazya hone ke kAraNa tajjanya jJAna avazyambhAvI hai / isIlie jJAna ko jIva kA svarUpa 1. dekhie - pR0 208, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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244 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana mAnA gayA hai| isake atirikta zrutajJAna bhI sabhI jIvoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya pAyA jAtA hai / isIlie tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai ki yadi kisI ko eka jJAna hotA hai to vaha 'kevalajJAna' hogaa| anyathA saMsArI jIvoM ko kama se kama do jJAna (mati va zrutajJAna) avazya hote haiN|' yaha zrutajJAna zAstrajanyajJAna yA AgamajJAna hai na ki samasta zravaNendriyajanya jJAna kyoMki zravaNendriyajanya sAmAnyajJAna to matijJAna kA eka bheda hai| yaha avazya hai ki zrutajJAna meM sAmAnyatayA zravaNendriya kI apekSA rahatI hai| parantu samasta zravaNendriyajJAna zrutajJAna nahIM hai| yahA~ itanA vizeSa hai ki zabda aura zravaNendriya kA prathama sparza hone para jo jJAna hotA hai vaha zravaNendriyajanya matijJAna hai tathA isake bAda mana kI sahAyatA se jo arthAdi kA vicAra hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai| ataH zrutajJAna ko jainadarzana meM anindriya (mana) nimittaka mAnakara matipUrvaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha zrutajJAna kevala akSarAtmaka hI hotA hai, aisI bAta nahIM hai| yaha zratajJAna anakSarAtmaka bhI hotA hai| ataH aisI sthiti meM hI yaha zratajJAna ekendriyAdi jIvoM ke svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka samyaka-zrutajJAna kA prazna hai vaha saMjJI (manasahita) paMcendriya jIvoM ke hI saMbhava hai aura vaha bhI kinhIM-kinhIM ko hotA hai, sabako nahIM hotA hai| grantha meM zAstrajJAna kA mahattva batalAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye zAstra sata-daSTirUpa samyagdarzana kI prApti meM pramukha bAhya nimittakAraNa haiN| jisa prakAra zAstra sata-daSTirUpa samyagdarzana kI prApti meM kAraNa haiM usI prakAra zAstrajJAnI guru bhI samyagdarzana kI prApti meM kAraNa haiM kyoMki gurUpadeza hI zAstrajJAna va satdRSTirUpa samyagdarzana kI prApti meM sahAyaka hote haiN| ataH grantha meM guru ke bhI mahattva ko batalAyA gayA hai| zAstrajJAna prApta karane ke lie ziSya ko guru ke samIpa jAnA par3atA hai aura guru bhI vinIta va yogya ziSya ko pAkara samastajJAna use de detA hai| jo ziSya guru kI avinaya karate haiM ve usa jJAna kI prApti se vaJcita raha jAte haiN| ataH jJAnaprApti ke lie ziSya ko jina 1. dekhie-pR0 214, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 3: ratnatraya [ 245 guNoM se yukta honA cAhie unameM kucha isa prakAra haiM : vinaya, sadAcAra, karttavyaparAyaNatA, jitendriyatA Adi / ratnatraya meM tRtIya sthAna samyakcAritra kA hai jo ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura dhanAdi-saMgrahatyAga (aparigraha) rUpa pA~ca niyamoM ke pAlana karane meM pUrNa hotA hai| ina sabhI niyamoM ke mUla meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA hai aura ahiMsA kI pUrNatA pUrNa vItarAgatA (aparigrahatA) kI avasthA meM hotI hai| ataH vItarAgatArUpa cAritra ke uttarottara vikAsa kI dRSTi se sAdhu ke samyakcAritra ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai jinheM sAdhaka kramazaH prApta karatA hai| sadAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle gRhastha yA sAdhu strI-puruSa hote haiN| ataH isa sadAcAra ko do bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : 1. gRhasthAcAra aura 2. sAdhvAcAra / __ gahasthAcAra sAdhvAcAra kI prArambhika abhyAsAvasthA hai kyoMki gahastha dhIre-dhIre apane cAritra kA vikAsa karatA huA sAdhu ke AcAra kI ora agrasara hotA hai| gRhasthAcAra pAlana karane kA upadeza unheM hI diyA gayA hai jo sAdhvAcAra kA pAlana nahIM kara sakate haiM / ataH cAritra ke sAmAyika Adi jo pA~ca bheda kie gaye haiM ve sAdhu ke AcAra kI hI vibhinna avasthAe~ haiN| sAmAyikacAritra ke antargata jina ahiMsAdi vratoM kA sAdhu sUkSmarUpa se pAlana karatA hai gRhastha unhIM vratoM ko apane kuTumba kA pAlana-poSaNa karatA huA sthUlarUpa se pAlana karatA hai| ataH gRhastha ke ahiMsAdi vrata 'aNuvrata' kahalAte haiM aura sAdhu ke 'mahAvrata' / yahA~ eka bAta aura spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki grantha meM gRhastha ko jo mukti kA adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai usakA kAraNa hai bAhya liGga kI apekSA Abhyantara-zuddhi kA mahattva / anyathA ga hastha ga hasthAvasthA se kabhI bhI mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki vaha pUrNa vItarAgI nahIM hotA hai| jabataka koI gahastha yA sAdhu pUrNa vItarAgI nahIM hogA tabataka vaha mukti kA bhI adhikArI nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki vItarAgatA va sadAcAra kI pUrNatA bAhyaliGga se nahIM hotI hai apitu vaha AtmA kI zuddhi para nirbhara hai| cUMki gRhastha kauTumbika For Personal & Private Use Only

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246 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana prapaJcoM meM ulajhA rahatA hai jisase use Atmazuddhi kA avasara kama milatA hai, jabaki sAdhu sAMsArika sabhI prapaJcoM se dUra rahatA hai jisase use Atmavizuddhi ke liye adhika avasara milatA hai| ataH jaba gRhastha gArhasthya-jIvana meM rahate hue bhI usase usI prakAra alaga sA rahatA hai jisa prakAra jala meM rahakara bhI kamala jala se bhinna rahatA hai taba vaha gRhastha vAstava meM gRhastha nahIM hai apitu vItarAgI hI hai| gRhasthI meM rahane ke kAraNa usakA jo gArhasthya-jIvana ke sAtha sUkSma rAgAtmaka sambandha banA rahatA hai vaha bhI jaba antima samaya (mRtyusamaya) chUTa jAtA hai taba vaha pUrNa vItarAgI hokara mukti kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai| isakA vizeSa vicAra mukti ke prakaraNa meM kiyA jaaegaa| isa taraha isa prakaraNa meM saMsAra ke duHkhoM se nivRtti pAne ke lie tathA avinazvara sukharUpa mokSa kI prApti ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrarUpa ratnatraya kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| prasaMgavaza samyagjJAna ke prakaraNa meM jJAna kI prApti meM nimittabhata guru-ziSya ke sambandhoM tathA unake karttavyoM Adi kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 sAmAnya sAdhanAcAra jina ahiMsAdi pA~ca naitika vratoM ko gRhastha aMzataH (sthUlarUpa se) pAlana karatA hai unako hI sAdhu sarvAtmanA ( sUkSmarUpa se ) pAlana karatA hai / sAdhu ke bAhyaveSa Adi meM paristhitiyoM ke anusAra niyamoM va upaniyamoM ke rUpa meM parivartana hote rahe haiM / isakA spaSTa saMketa hameM kezigautama saMvAda meM milatA hai / vahA~ batalAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kisa prakAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke N dharma meM deza- kAlAnurUpa parivartana kie| isa prakAra ke parivartanoM ke hone para bhI sAdhu ke mUla AcAra meM koI parivartana nahIM huA kyoMki jo bhI parivartana kie gae ve deza-kAla kI paristhiti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sirpha bAhya- upAdhibhUta niyamoM va upaniyamoM meM kie gae tAki sAdhu antaraGga Atmavizuddhi meM dRr3ha banA rahe / isIlie grantha meM sarvatra bAhya-upAdhi kI apekSA antaraGga Atma-vizuddhi ko zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai / sAdhu ke AcAra ko suvyavasthita rUpa dene ke lie ise do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra aura 2. vizeSa sAdhvAcAra | sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra : sAdhu ke dvArA pratidina jisa prakAra ke sadAcAra kA sAmAnyarUpa se pAlana kiyA jAtA hai use sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra kahA gayA hai / isameM mukhyarUpa se nimnokta viSayoM para vicAra kiyA jAegA : 1. dIkSA kI utthAnikA - dIkSA ke pUrva kI sthiti / 2. bAhya upakaraNa (upadhi ) - vastra, pAtra Adi bAhya sAdhana / 3. mahAvrata - ahiMsAdi pA~ca naitika niyama | 4. pravacanamAtAe~ ( gupti va samiti ) - mahAvratoM kI rakSArtha pravRtti aura nivRtti meM sAvadhAnI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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248 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 5. Avazyaka chaH nitya-karma / 6. sAmAcArI-samyak dinacaryA aura rAtricaryA / 7. vasati yA upAzraya-Thaharane kA sthAna / 8. AhAra-khAna-pAna / vizeSa sAdhvAcAra : _jisa AcAra kA sAdhu vizeSa avasaroM para AtmA kI vizeSa zuddhi ke lie vizeSarUpa se pAlana karatA hai use vizeSa sAdhvAcAra kahA gayA hai| isameM mukhyarUpa se nimnokta viSayoM para vicAra kiyA jAegA: 1. tpshcryaa-tp| 2. parISahajaya-kSudhAdi bAIsa prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahanA / 3. sAdhu kI prtimaaeN-tp-vishess| 4. samAdhimaraNa-mRtyu-samaya vidhipUrvaka anazanavrata ke sAtha shriir-tyaag| viSaya kI adhikatA hone ke kAraNa isa prakaraNa meM sAdhu ke kevala sAmAnya AcAra kA hI varNana kiyA jAegA aura vizeSa AcAra kA varNana agale prakaraNa meM kiyA jaaegaa| dIkSA kI utthAnikA isameM dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pUrva kI sthitiyoM kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaise : dIkSA lene kA adhikArI, dIkSA ke pUrva mAtA-pitAdi kI anumati aadi| dIkSA lene kA adhikArI : saMsAra ke viSayoM se nirAsakta evaM mukti kA abhilASI pratyeka vyakti isa dIkSA ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai / isameM jAti, kula, Ayu, liGga Adi kA koI pratibandha nahIM hai| saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM meM Asakta vyakti zreSTha jAti va kula meM utpanna hokara bhI isake ayogya hai| isIlie cANDAla jaisI nIca jAti meM utpanna harikezivala saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM se nirAsakta hone ke kAraNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 246 sAdhu hokara devAdi ke dvArA bhI pUjanIya ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra mRgAputra, anAthI aura bhRgu-purohita ke donoM putra yuvAvasthA meM tathA bhRgu-purohita, usakI patnI, iSukAra rAjA aura usakI patnI Adi yuvAvasthA ke bAda dIkSA lete haiM / ariSTanemI aura rAjImatI vivAha kI maGgalabelA meM hI saMsAra se virakta hokara dIkSita ho jAte haiM / " isake atirikta grantha meM eka samaya meM mukta honevAle rai kI saMkhyA gaNanA ke prasaGga meM vibhinna sthAnoM, vibhinna dharmAvalambiyoM evaM vibhinna-liGgavAloM kI pRthak-pRthak saMkhyA ginAI hai / isase spaSTa hai ki dIkSA meM sthAna, jAti, liGga Adi koI pratibandhaka kAraNa nahIM hai kyoMki jo mukti prApta karane kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai vaha dIkSA lene kA adhikArI kyoM nahIM ho sakatA hai ? ataH grantha meM janmanA jAtivAda kA khaNDana karake karmaNA jAtivAda kI sthApanA karate hue likhA hai - 'karma se brAhmaNa, karma se kSatriya, karma se vaizya aura karma se zUdra hotA hai / " " yadi brAhmaNa nIca kArya karatA hai to vaha saccA-brAhmaNa nahIM hai aura sAdhu saccA sAdhu nahIM hai kyoMki bAhyazuddhi kI apekSA antaraGga kI zuddhi evaM satkAryoM se hI vyakti ucca hotA hai / ataH siddha hai ki sadAcAra pAlana karane kI sAmarthya vAlA pratyeka vyakti jo saMsAra ke viSayoM se virakta hokara mukti kI abhilASA rakhatA hai, dIkSA lene kA adhikArI hai / yaha koI ekAnta niyama nahIM hai ki yuvAvasthA meM bhogoM ko bhoganA cAhie aura phira vRddhAvasthA meM dIkSA lenA cAhie / 5 yadyapi yaha satya hai ki yuvAvasthA meM yuvakoM kI cittavRtti sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM kI ora adhika AkarSita rahatI hai jisase usa avasthA dIkSA lenA kaThina hotA hai parantu yaha bhI satya hai ki vRddhAvasthA 1. dekhie - pariziSTa 2. 2. dekhie - prakaraNa 6. 3. kammuNA bambhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khattio / so kamNA hoI suddo havai kammuNA || - u0 25. 33. 4. dekhie - pR0 238, pA0 Ti0 3; pR0 236, pA0 Ti0 1-3. 5. u0 14.6, 26; 19.44; 22.38. For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 250 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana meM zarIra ke zithila ho jAne para dharma kA pAlana kara sakanA aura bhI adhika kaThina hai, jabaki yuvAvasthA meM zakya hai| yuvAvasthA se hI yadi dharma ke pAlana karane kA prayatna kiyA jAe to vRddhAvasthA meM bhI usake dhAraNa karane kI sAmarthya banI rahatI hai| ataH grantha meM kahA hai ki kala kI pratIkSA vahI vyakti kare jisakI mRtyu se mitratA hai yA jo mRtyu se baca sakatA hai|' dIkSArtha mAtA-pitA kI anumati : dIkSA lene ke pUrva mAtA-pitA va sambandhIjanoM se anumati lenA caahie| yadi vaha ghara kA jyeSTha vyakti ho to putrAdi ko sampatti vagairaha sauMpakara dIkSA le lenA caahie| yadi mAtA-pitA pUtra ko dIkSA ke lie anumati na dekara bhogoM ke prati pralobhita kareM to dIkSA lenevAle kA sarvaprathama karttavya hai ki vaha mAtA-pitA ko samajhAne kA prayatna kre| pazcAt Atma-kalyANArtha dIkSA le leve / ariSTanemI aura rAjImatI ne dIkSA ke pUrva mAtA-pitA se anumati lI thI yA nahIM isakA yadyapi grantha meM ullekha nahIM hai parantu dIkSA le lene para vAsUdeva Adi unake kUTambIjana unheM abhilaSita manorathaprApti kA AzIrvAda avazya dete haiN| isase unakI anumati kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| dIkSA ke pUrva mAtA-pitA se AjJA lenA unake prati vinaya evaM karttavyaparAyaNatA kA sUcaka hai / parivAra evaM sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM kA tyAga : mAtA-pitA kI AjJA lene ke bAda sAdhaka ko mAtA-pitA, bhAI, patnI, putra Adi sabhI kUTambIjanoM tathA saMsAra ke sabhI 1. jassatthi maccu NA sakkhaM jassa va'tthi palAyagaM / jo jANe na marissAmi so hu kaMkhe sue siyA / -u0 14.27. 2. u0 14.6-7; 16.10-11, 24, 86, 87; 20.10, 34. 3. puttaM Thavettu rajje abhiNikkhamaI namI raayaa| -u06.2. 4. u0 adhyayana 14, 16. 5. u0 22.25-26, 31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvA cAra [ 251 padArthoM ko mahAmoha evaM mahAbhaya ko paidA karanevAle jAnakara usI prakAra tyAga denA cAhie jisa prakAra hAthI bandhana ko tor3akara vana meM calA jAtA hai, ' manuSya vamana kI huI vastu ko chor3a dete haiM, sarpa keculI ko tyAga detA hai, 3 rohita matsya jAla kA bhedana karake calA jAtA hai, dhUli kapar3e se nikAlakara pheMka dI jAtI hai, 5 krauJca pakSI AkAza meM avyAhata gati se calA jAtA hai, haMsa vistRta jAla kA bhedana karake calA jAtA hai / isake atirikta 6 1. nAgo vva baMdhaNaM chittA appaNo vasahi vae / jahittu saMgaM ca mahAkilesaM0 / -u0 14.48. -- u0 21.11. tathA dekhie - u0 1.1; 6.15, 61; 15.6 - 10,16; 18.31; 16. 60; 35.2-3 Adi / 2. ciccA Na dhaNaM ca bhAriyaM pavvaio hi si aNagAriyaM / mAtaM puNo vivie tathA dekhie - u0 12.21-22. - u0 10.26. 3. jahA ya bhoI taNuyaM bhuyaMgo nimmoryANa hicca palei bhutto / emae jAyA pahaMti bhoe " - u0 14.34. tathA dekhie - u0 16.87. 4. chidittu jAlaM avalaM va rohiyA macchA jahA kAmaguNe pahAyA / 5. iDDhI vittaM ca mitte ca puttadAraM ca nAyao / reNu va paDe laggaM niddhaNittA Na niggao // - u0 16.88. 6. naheva kucA samaikkamaMtA tayANi jAlANi dalittu haMsA / pati puttAya paI yamajjhaM te hUM kahaM nAnugamissamekA / - u0 14.36. 7. bahI / - u0 14.35. For Personal & Private Use Only

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252 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana yadi deva Adi kI preraNA se kisI alabhya vastu kI bhI prApti ho to use prApta karane kI mana meM kalpanA bhI na kare / ' yadi vaha rAjA hai to use yaha bhI nahIM socanA cAhie ki mere bAda isa gRha, deza, nagara Adi kI rakSA kaise hogI ? kyoMki vigatamohavAle ko kucha bhI kArya karanA zeSa nahIM raha jAtA hai / dIkSA lete samaya yadi usake Azrita prANI nirAzrita hokara rone-cillAne bhI lageM to yaha socakara ki yaha to maiMne ina logoM ke sAtha acchA nahIM kiyA, dIkSA kA vicAra nahIM chor3anA cAhie, apitu yaha socanA cAhie ki jisa prakAra phalavAle vRkSa ke gira jAne para usake Azrita jIvoM ke nirAzrita ho jAne se vRkSa ko doSI nahIM ThaharAyA jAtA hai usI prakAra kisI vyakti ke dIkSA le lene para usake Azrita jIvoM ke nirAzrita hokara cillAne se dIkSA lenevAle para koI doSa nahIM AtA hai / Azrita vyaktiyoM ke ronecillAne kA kAraNa hai unakA apanA svArtha / ataH grantha ke namipravrajyA adhyayana meM rAjA nami ke hRdaya meM dIkSA ke samaya utpanna honevAle isI prakAra ke antardvandva ko indranamisaMvAda ke dvArA samAdhAna ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai / dIkSA palAyanavAda nahIM : sAdhu dharma meM dIkSA lenA gRhasthAzrama kI kaThinAiyoM se ghabar3Akara palAyana nahIM hai / isIlie rAjA nami kI dIkSA ke samaya jaba indra unase yaha kahatA hai ki gRhasthAzrama ko tyAgakara anya Azrama ( saMnyAsAzrama) kI prArthanA karane kI apekSA uttama hai ki Apa gRhasthocita karttavyoM ko kareM to rAjA nami kA yaha uttara ki jo ajJAnI mAsa meM kevala eka bAra kuzAgrapramANa AhAra karatA hai vaha bhI isa sarvaviratirUpa suvikhyAta dharma ( saMnyAsAzrama) kI solahavI 1. devAbhiogeNa nioi eNaM dinnAsu rannA maNasA na jhAyA / naradadevidabhivaM die jeNAmi vaMtA isiNA sa eso || - u0 12.21. tathA dekhie - 30 12.22. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 253 kalA ko bhI prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dIkSA lenA gRhasthAzrama se palAyana nahIM hai / yadi saMnyAsa lene para bhI rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA banI rahatI hai to use palAyana kahA jA sakatA hai / ata: jaina sAdhu ke lie saba prakAra ke mamatva ke sAtha apane zarIra se bhI mamatva na karane ko kahA gayA hai / dIkSAguru : dIkSA lete samaya sAmAnyatayA dIkSA dene vAle guru kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / sAdhaka jisake sAnnidhya meM dIkSita hotA hai vaha usakA 'dIkSAguru' kahalAtA hai / 3 yadi aisA koI dIkSAguru na mile to. samartha hone para vaha svayaM dIkSA le sakatA hai aura dIkSita hokara anya logoM kA bhI dIkSAguru banakara unheM sAdhudharma meM dIkSita kara sakatA hai / jaise rAjImatI pahale svayaM dIkSA letI hai aura bAda meM anya jIvoM kI dIkSAguru banatI hai / yahAM itanA vizeSa hai ki z2o umra meM bar3A hotA hai vaha guru nahIM hotA hai apitu jo pahale dIkSA letA hai vahI guru hotA hai| jisakI dIkSA jitane adhika samaya kI hotI hai vaha utanA hI adhika pUjya bhI hotA hai / 1. mAse mAse tu jo bAlo kusaggeNaM tu bhuMjae / na so sukkhAyadhammassa kalaM agghai solasi / / - u0 6.44. 2. je kahivi na mucchie sa bhikkhU vokAyA suicattadehA | - u0 12.42. - u0 15.2. 3. saMjao caiuM rajjaM nikkhaMto jiNasAsaNe / gaddabhAssi bhagavao aNagArassa aMtie || - u0 18.16. 4. sApavvaiyA saMtI pavvAvesI tahi bahu / - u0 12.32. For Personal & Private Use Only

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254 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana ataH dIkSA le lene para vaha apane mAtA-pitA Adi sabhI . kuTumbIjanoM ke dvArA bhI pUjya ho jAtA hai|' vastrAbhUSaNa kA tyAga evaM kezalauMca : dIkSita hone vAle sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama apane sabhI vastrAbhUSaNoM kA tyAga karanA par3atA hai| tadanantara apane sira evaM dAr3hI ke bAloM ko donoM muThiyoM se svayaM yA dUsare kI sahAyatA se ukhAr3anA par3atA hai jise kezalauMca kahA jAtA hai / isa taraha sAdhaka ko dIkSA lene ke pUrva sarvaprathama apane kuTumbIjanoM kI AjJA lenI par3atI hai| isake bAda vaha kuTamba evaM parivAra ke snehIjanoM kA moha chor3akara tathA saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM kA parityAga karake dIkSAguru ke samIpa jAtA hai| vahA~ pahu~cakara vaha apane sabhI vastra evaM AbhUSaNa Adi ko tyAgakara donoM hAthoM se apane bAloM ko bhI ukhADakara alaga kara detA hai| isake bAda vaha sAdha ke niyamoM Adi ko grahaNa karatA hai| yaha dIkSA saMsAra ke kaSTamaya jIvana se palAyana nahIM hai tathA ise koI bhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai| bAhya upakaraNa prAdha __grantha meM sAdha ke bAhyaveSa va upakaraNa Adi ke viSaya meM jo saMketa milate haiM unase patA calatA hai ki sAdhu gRhastha ke dvArA prApta sAdhAraNa vastroM ko pahinate the tathA pAtra Adi kucha anya 1. evaM te rAmakesavA dasArA ya bhujnnaa| ariTTanemi vaMdittA aigayA bAragAuri / / -u0 22. 27. 2. AbharaNANi ya savvANi sArahissa paNAmaI / -u0 22. 20. sayameva lucaI kese paMcamuTThIhiM smaahio| -u0 22. 24. tathA dekhie-u0 22. 30-31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 255 upakaraNa bhI apane pAsa meM rakhate the| kucha sAdhu vastra se rahita bhI hote the / kezigautama-saMvAda meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke ziSyoM aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA ke ziSyoM meM 'sAntarottara' ( vastrasahita ) aura 'acela' ( vastrarahita ) ke 1. sAntarottara-kezi ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke dharma ko jo saMtaruttara (sAntarottara) batalAyA hai vaha vicAraNIya hai kyoMki isa zabda ke . artha meM vidvAnoM meM vicAra-bheda pAyA jAtA hai| jaise : ka. sAntarANi-vardhamAnasvAmiyatyapekSayA mAnavarNavizeSataH savizeSANi, uttarANi-mahAmUlyatayA pradhAnAni prakramAt vastrANi yasminnasau sAntarottaro dharmaH pArzvena dezitaH / -u0 (23. 13) ne0 TI0, pR0 265. kha. apagate zIte vastrANi tyAjyAni athavA... zItaparIkSArtha ca sAnta rottaro bhavet / sAntaramuttaraM-prAvaraNIyaM yasya sa tathA kvacit prAvRNoti kvacit pArzvavati vibharti zItAzaGkayA nAdyApi parityajati, athavA'vamacela eka-kalpa-parityAgAt dvikalpadhArItyarthaH, athavA zanaiH zanaiH zIte'pagacchati sati dvitIyakalpamapi parityajet tata eka. zATakaH saMvRttaH, athavA''tyantike zItAbhAve tadapi parityajedato'celo bhavati asau mukhavastrikArajoharaNamAtropadhiH / -AcArAGgasUtra 206 (zIlAMkatti, pR0 251). 7. The Law taught by Vardhamana forbids clothes, but that of the great sage Parsva allows an under and upper garment. -se0 bu0 I0, bhAga-45, pR0 123. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma ko 'acela' (vastrarahita) kahane se pratIta hotA hai ki 'sAntarottara' kA artha 'sacela' (vastra-sahita) honA cAhie parantu uparyukta uddharaNoM se tathA 'sacela' ke artha meM 'acela' kI taraha 'sacela' zabda kA prayoga na karake 'sAntarottara' zabda kA prayoga karane se pratIta hotA hai ki 'sAntarottara' kA artha uttarIya-vastra aura adhovastra ina do vastroM ke dhAraNa karane se hai| AcArAGgasUtra-vRtti (athavA'vamacela eka-kalpa-parityAgAt dvikalpadhArItyarthaH) se bhI isI For Personal & Private Use Only

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256 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana bheda ko lekara eka saMvAda hotA hai| isameM pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke pradhAna ziSya kezi-zramaNa mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya gautama se pUchate haiM ki eka hI dharma ke mAnane vAloM meM yaha vastrasambandhI bheda kaisA ? isake uttara meM gautama kahate haiM ki vijJAna se jAnakara dharma ke sAdhanabhUta upakaraNoM kI AjJA dI jAtI hai| bAhyaliGga to loka meM mAtra pratIti karAte haiM ki amUka sAdha hai parantu mokSa ke prati sadbhuta-sAdhana to jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hI haiN| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki yaha vastrasambandhI bheda bhagavAn mahAvIra mata kI puSTi hotI hai / athavA AcArAGgasUtravRtti ke anusAra hI 'sAntarottara' zabda kA yaha artha bhI ucita hai ki sAntarottara vaha sAdhu hai jo vastra rakhatA to avazya hai parantu usakA upayoga kabhI-kabhI samaya par3ane para hI karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana-nemicandravRtti ke anusAra sAntarottara zabda kA artha jo (mahAvIra ke vastroM kI apekSA se) bahumUlya va zreSTha-vastra kiyA gayA hai vaha ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai kyoMki acela ke sAtha usakI koI saMgati nahIM baiThatI hai| yadyapi 'acela' zabda kA artha TIkAoM meM 'nimnakoTi ke vastra' bhI kiyA gayA hai parantu yahA~ para 'acela' zabda kA sIdhA-sA artha hai-vastrarahita / yadi aisA artha na hotA to yahA~ para 'sAntarottara' kI taraha hI 'acela' zabda kA prayoga na karake 'avamacela' (dekhie-pR0 256, pA0 Ti0 2) zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA jaisA ki harikezibala muni ke lie kiyA gayA hai| 1. acelago ya jo dhammo jo imo sntruttro| desio vaddhamANeNa pAseNa ya mahAjasA / / -u0 23.26. 2. vinnANeNa samAgamma dhammasAhaNamicchiyaM / -u0 23.31. paccayatthaM ca logassa nANAvihavigappaNaM / jattatthaM gahaNatthaM ca loge liMgapaoyaNaM / / / -u0 23.320 tathA dekhie-u0 23.25. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [257 ne logoM kI badalatI huI sAmAnyapravRtti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA hai| logoM kI badalatI huI pravRtti ko batalAte hue likhA hai ki prathama tIrthaGkara bhagavAn AdinAtha ke samaya meM manuSya saralaprakRti ke sAtha mUrkha the (Rjujar3a ), caubIsaveM ( antima ) tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM manuSya kuTilaprakRti ke sAtha mUrkha the (vakrajar3a ) tathA donoM tIrthaGkaroM ke madhyakAla ( dUsare se lekara teIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke kAla ) meM manuSya saralaprakRti ke sAtha vyutpanna ( RjuprAjJa ) the|' isakA yaha tAtparya hai ki madhyakAla ke vyakti sarala va vyutpanna hone ke kAraNa dharma ko AsAnI se ThIka-ThIka samajha lete the tathA usameM kutarka Adi na karake yathAvata usakA pAlana karate the| ataH madhyakAla meM vastrAdi ke niyamoM meM zithilatA de dI gaI thI parantu AdinAtha tathA mahAvIra ke kAla meM vyaktiyoM ke mUrkha ( alpajJa ) hone ke kAraNa yaha socakara ki kahIM vastrAdika meM rAgabuddhi na karane lageM vastrAdi ke viSaya meM pratibandha lagA die ge| mahAvIra ke kAla meM aisA karanA aura bhI adhika Avazyaka ho gayA kyoMki isa kAla ke vyakti vakra hone ke kAraNa kutarka dvArA dharma meM bheda karane lage the| ataH mahAvIra ke kAla meM sthavirakalpa (apavAdamArga) kI apekSA se sAdhAraNakoTi ke vastra dhAraNa karane kI tathA jinakalpa (utsargamArga) kI apekSA se nagna rahane kI anumati dI gii| isase pratIta hotA hai ki sAdha yA to sAdhAraNakoTi ke vastradhArI hote the yA ngn| sAdhu ke lie sahanIya pramukha 22 kaSToM ( parISahoM) meM acela honA bhI eka kaSTa hai jisakA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki sAdhu vastra phaTa jAne para yA nagna ho jAne para bhI nUtana vastra kI abhilASA na kre| . 1. purimA ujjujaDDA vakkajaDA ya pcchimaa| ' majjhimA ujjupannA u teNa dhamme duhA ke| purimANaM dunvisojho u carimANaM durnnpaalo| kappo majjhimagANaM tu suvisojjho supAlao // -u0 23. 26-27. 2. dekhie-pR0 255, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. dekhie-pR0 32, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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258 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana yadyapi sAdhu saba prakAra ke parigraha se rahita hotA hai tathApi jIvikA-nirvAha, dharmapAlana tathA loka meM pratIti karAne ke lie vaha jina Avazyaka bAhya upakaraNoM ko grahaNa karatA hai unheM upadhi yA upakaraNa kahate haiN| inheM mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai :1. 1. sAmAnya-upakaraNa ( oghopadhi ) aura 2. vizeSa-upakaraNa ( aupagrahikopadhi ) / sAmAnya upakaraNa : jo vastrAdi sAdhu ke upayoga meM hamezA Ate rahate haiM ve sAmAnyaupakaraNa ( oghopadhi ) kahalAte haiN| zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM sthavirakalpI sAdha ke lie vatamAna meM aise 14 upakaraNoM ke rakhane kI chaTa hai|2 parantu grantha meM isa prakAra ke jina upakaraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. mukhavastrikA-zveta kapar3e kI paTTI jise jaina zvetAmbara (sthAnakavAsI aura terApanthI) sAdhu hamezA mukha para bAMdhe rahate haiM / digambara-paramparA ke sAdhu isa upakaraNa ko nahIM dhAraNa karate haiM / 1. ohovahovaggahiyaM bhaNDagaM duvihaM muNI / -u0 24.13. 2. ve caudaha upakaraNa isa prakAra haiM : 1. pAtra, 2. pAtrabandha, 3. pAtra sthApana, 4. pAtrapramArjanikA, 5. paTala, 6. rajastrANa, 7. gucchaka, 8-6. do cAdareM, 10. UnIvastra (kambala), 11. rajoharaNa, 12. mukhavastrikA, 13. mAtraka (pAtra-vizeSa) aura 14 colapaTTaka, (lNgottii)| -jai0 sA0 i0 pU0, pR0 424. 3. puvillammi caubhAe paDile hittANa bhaNDayaM / ......... muhapotti paDilehittA paDile hijja gocchagaM / gocchagala iyaMgulio vatthAiM paDilehae // - u0 26.21-23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 25 2. rajoharaNa (gocchaka) - jIvoM kI rakSA karane tathA dhUli Adi sApha karane kI mArjanIvizeSa | yaha bhI sAdhu ke pAsa hamezA rahatI hai kyoMki pratyeka kAyika-kriyA ke prArambha meM isakI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / digambara - paramparA ke sAdhuoM kA bhI yaha Avazyaka upakaraNa hai | 3. pAtra ( bhANDaka ) - lakar3I, tU bI yA miTTI Adi ke bartana | inakA upayoga AhAra, jala Adi ke lAne evaM rakhane meM hotA hai / AcArAGgasUtra meM AvazyakatAnusAra do-cAra pAtra rakhane kA ullekha milatA hai / " yaha bhI eka Avazyaka upakaraNa hai / digambaraparamparA ke sAdhu sirpha eka pAtra rakhate haiM jise 'kamaNDalu' kahate haiM / 4. vastra - pahinane ke kapar3e / ye vastra sAdhAraNakoTi ke hote the jisase unake prati mamatva nahIM hotA thA / yadyapi mahAvIra ne acela dharma (nagna rahane) kA upadeza diyA thA parantu harikezibala ko 'avamacelae' ( sAdhAraNakoTi ke vastravAlA ) kahA hai / isake atirikta vastroM ko pratidina kholakara unheM ThIka se dekhane evaM joharaNa se unakA pramArjana ( saphAI ) karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki sAdhu ko vastra rakhane kI chUTa avazya thI parantu unakI sImA nizcita thI / 5. pAdakambala - isakA grantha meM do jagaha ullekha milatA hai / AtmArAmajI ne donoM sthAnoM para bhinna-bhinna do artha kie 1. AcArAGgasUtra 2.1.6. 2. omacelae paMsupisAyabhUe saMkarasaM parihariya kaNThe / 3. dekhie - pR0 258, pA0 Ti0 3. 4. saMthAraM phalagaM pIDhaM nisijjaM pAyakaMbalaM / apamajjiyamAruhaI pAvasamaNi tti vuccaI || paDile patte avaujjhai pAyakaMbalaM / paDilehAaNA utte pAvasamaNi tti vaccaI || - u0 12.6. ---u0 17.7. -u0 17.6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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260] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana haiM : 1. pAdapoMchana' ( paira sApha karane kA vastrakhaNDa ) aura 2. pAtra va kmbl| ina donoM arthoM meM prathama artha (pAdapoMchana) adhika upayukta mAlUma par3atA hai kyoMki grantha meM kahA hai ki jo sAdha pAdakambala ko ThIka se sApha kie binA usa para baiTha jAtA hai vaha pApazramaNa hai| vizeSa upakaraNa : jo upakaraNa upayoga karane ke bAda gRhastha ko vApisa lauTA die jAte haiM yA jo avasaravizeSa hone para kucha samaya ke lie grahaNa kie jAte haiM ve vizeSa upakaraNa (aupagrahikopadhi) kahalAte haiN| jaise :: 1 pITha-baiThane ke lie lakar3I kI caukii| 2. phalaka-sone ke lie lakar3I kA paattaa| 3. zayyA-Thaharane kA sthAna ( upAzraya ) / 4. saMstAraka- ghAsa, tRNa AdikA banAyA gayA Asana (vistr)| isa taraha sAghu ke ina sabhI upakaraNoM meM mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa Adi Avazyaka upakaraNa haiM aura pITha, phalaka Adi vizeSa / Agama-granthoM meM striyoM ke lie kucha adhika upakaraNa rakhane kI anumati hai|' ye upakaraNa saMyama meM sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa hI Avazyaka haiN| inase sAdhu kI pahacAna bhI hotI hai| pA~ca mahAvrata sAdha dIkSA lene ke bAda sarvaprathama pA~ca naitika mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| ye mahAvrata sAdhu ke sampUrNa AcAra ke AdhArastambha haiN| inake nAma kramazaH isa prakAra haiM :6 1. DA0 mohanalAla mehatA ne pAdapoMchana kA artha rajoharaNa kiyA hai| -dekhie, jaina AcAra, pR0 165 2. dekhie-pR0 256, pA0 Ti0 4. 3. vahI; u0 25.3. 4. jai0 sA0 bR0 i0, bhAga-2, pR. 206. 5. dekhie-pR0 256, pA0 Ti0 2. 6. ahiMsa saccaM ca ateNagaM ca tatto ya baMbhaM apariggahaM ca / paDivajjiyA paMcamahanvayANi carijja dhamma jiNadesiyaM viU / / -u0 21.12. tathA dekhie-u0 1.47; 12.41 ; 16.11,86; 20.36; 31.7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [261 1. ahiMsA-mahAvrata-saba prakAra ke prANAtipAta se viramaNa / 2. satya-mahAvrata-saba prakAra ke mRSAvAda se viramaNa / 3. acaurya-mahAvrata-saba prakAra ke adattAdAna se viramaNa / 4. brahmacarya-mahAvrata-saba prakAra ke yauna sambandhoM se viramaNa / 5. aparigraha-mahAvrata-saba prakAra ke dhanAdi-saMgraha se viramaNa / ina pA~ca naitika vratoM kA atisUkSmarUpa se pAlana karanA hI mahAvrata kahalAtA hai / inake svarUpAdi isa prakAra haiM : ahiMsA mahAvrata : ___ mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kArita-anumodanA se kisI bhI paristhiti meM trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM ko duHkhita na karanA ahiMsAmahovata hai|' mana meM kisI dUsare ko pIr3ita karane kI socanA tathA kisI dUsare ke dvArA kisI anya ko pIr3ita karane para usakA samarthana karanA bhI hiMsA hai| ataH grantha meM kahA hai ki jo hiMsA kI anumodanA karate haiM ve bhI usake phala ko bhoge binA nahIM raha sakate haiM / 2 bhagavAn ariSTanemI jaba apane vivAha ke avasara para dekhate haiM ki bahuta se pazuoM ko mere nimitta se (vivAha kI khazI meM khAne ke lie ) mArA jAegA to ve kahate haiM ki mere lie yaha paraloka meM kalyANaprada nahIM hai| jo hiMsA meM sukha mAnate haiM unake viSaya meM grantha meM bahuta hI sundara kahA hai ki sukha-du:kha apanI AtmA meM hI rahate haiM tathA saba jIvoM ko apane prANa ati priya lagate haiN| ataH hiMsAvatti ko chor3akara 1. jaganissiehiM bhUehiM tasanAmehiM thAvarehiM ca / ___no tesimArabhe daMDaM maNasA vayasA kAyasA ceva / / -u0 8.10. tathA dekhie-u0 12.36,41; 25.23 Adi / 2. na hu pANavahaM aNujANe muccejja kayAi savvadukkhANaM / -u08,8. 3. jai majjha kAraNA ee hammati subhujiyaa| na me eyaM tu nissesa paraloge bhavissaI / / -u0 22.16. - For Personal & Private Use Only

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262 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana unakI rakSA karanI caahie|' ahiMsAvratI sAdhu ke lie itanA hI nahIM apitu apanA bhI ahita karane vAle ke prati kSamAbhAva rakhanA, use abhayadAna denA, sadA vizvamaitrI va vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA rakhanA tathA badha karane ke lie tatpara hone para bhI usake prati jarA bhI krodha na karanA, yaha bhI Avazyaka hai| isake atirikta gaha-nirmANa, annapAcana, zilpakalA, kraya-vikraya, agni jalAnA Adi kriyAe~ bhI ahiMsAvratI sAdhu ko na to svayaM karanA cAhie aura na dUsare se karavAnA cAhie kyoMki ina kriyAoM ke karane se sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| isIlie sAdhu ko bhikSA Adi lete samaya ina saba doSoM kA bacAnA 1. ajjhatthaM savvao savvaM dissa pANe piyAyae / na haNe pANiNo pANe bhayaverAo uvarae / -u0 6.7. tathA dekhie-u0 6.2; 13.26 Adi / 2. pubbi ca iNDiM ca aNAgayaM ca maNappadoso na me atthi koi / -u0 12.32. mahappasAyA isiNo havaMti na hu muNI kovaparA havaMti / -u0 12.31. hao na saMjale bhikkhU maNaM pi na poseN|| -u02.26. meti bhUesu kppe| -u0 6.2. hiyanissesAe savvajIvANaM / -u0 8.3. tathA dekhie-u0 2.23-27; 13.15; 15.16; 18 11; 16.60, 63, 20.57; 21.13 Adi / 3. na saya gihAI kugvijjA va annehi kArae / gihakammasamAraMbhe bhUyANaM dissae vaho / / -u0 35.8, tathA dekhie-u0 35.6-15, 6.15; 15.16; 21.13 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [263 Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai|' mala-mUtra Adi kA tyAga karate samaya bhI sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho etadartha bahata nIce taka acittabhami meM mala-mUtra visarjana kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI vaidika yAgAdi kriyAoM ke hiMsArUpa hone se grantha meM ahiMsA-yajJa ke karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa ahiMsA vrata kA ThIka se pAlana karane ke lie Avazyaka hai ki ahiMsAvatI pramAda ( asAvadhAnI ) se rahita hokara AcaraNa kare kyoMki pramAdapUrvaka kiyA gayA AcaraNa ahiMsA se yukta hone para bhI hiMsArUpa hai tathA apramAdapUrvaka kiyA gayA AcaraNa hiMsA se yukta hone para bhI ahiMsArUpa hai| ataH pramAdarahita hokara AcaraNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai tathA ahiMsA vrata ke pAlana karane ko duSkara batalAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta grantha meM ahiMsA vrata kA pAlana karanevAle ko brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai tathA isake pAlana na karane kA phala janmAntara meM naraka kI 1. dekhie-eSaNA evaM uccArasamiti / 2. dekhie -prakaraNa 7 tathA merA nibandha 'yajJa : eka anucintana' zramaNa, - sita 0-akTU0, 1966. . 3. khippaM na sakkei vivegameuM tamhA samRTThAya pahAya kAme / samikkha loyaM samayA mahesI appANarakkhI creppmto|| -u0 4.10. maradu va jiyadu va jIvo ayadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA / payadassa Natthi bandho hiMsAmitteNa samidassa // -uddhRta, sarvArthasiddhi 1.13. tathA dekhie-u0 2.22; 4.6-8; 6.13; 10.1-36 ; 21.14-15; 26.22 Adi / 4. samayA savva bhUesu sattamittesu vA jge| pANAivAyAvirahe jAvajjIvAe dukkara / -u0 16.26. 5. tasa pANe viyANettA saMgaheNa ya thAvare / .jo na hisai tiviheNa taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / -u0 25.23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana prApti batalAyA gayA hai / " vaidika saMskRti meM bhI ahiMsA ko samasta dhArmika-kAryoM kA zreSTha anuzAsana mAnA gayA hai / isa taraha tI sAdhu ko aisI koI bhI kriyA yA mAnasika saMkalpa Adi na karanA cAhie jo dUsaroM ke lie duHkha kA hetu yaha bana ske| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina mahAvratoM ke mUla meM tathA anya AcAraparaka sAdhu ke jitane bhI niyamopaniyama haiM una saba ke mUla meM ahiMsA hI hai / satya mahAvrata : krodha, lobha, hAsya, bhaya evaM pramAda Adi ina jhUTha bolane ke kAraNoM ke maujUda rahane para bhI mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kAritaanumodanA se kabhI bhI jhUTha na bolakara hamezA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka hitakArI, sArthaka aura priya vacanoM ko hI bolanA satya- mahAvrata hai / 3 ataH nirarthaka aura ahitakara bolA gayA vacana satya hone para bhI tyAjya hai / isI prakAra satya mahAvratI ko asabhyavacana bhI nahIM bolanA cAhie / 4 isake atirikta 'acchA' bhojana banA hai', 'acchI taraha pakAyA gayA hai' isa prakAra kI sAvadya vANI ( doSayukta vacana ) tathA 'Aja maiM yaha kArya avazya kara lUMgA', 'avazya hI aisA hogA' isa prakAra kI nizcayAtmaka 1. pANavaha miyA ayANaMtA maMdA narayaM gacchati / 2. ahiMsayaiva bhUtAnAM kArya zreyo'nuzAsanam / - manusmRti 2.156. 3. kohA va jai vA hAsA lohA vA jai vA bhayA / musaM na vayaI jo u taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // u0 25.24. niccakAlappamatteNaM musAvAyavivajjaNaM / bhAsivvaM hiyaM saccaM niccAutteNa dukkaraM || - u0 16.27. 4. vayajoga succA na asambhamA / - u0 8.7, -u0 21.14. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [265 vANI bhI sAdhu ko nahIM bolanA cAhie' kyoMki sAvadha vANI bolane se hiMsA kI aura nizcayAtmaka vANI bolane se mithyA hone kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| isa taraha satyamahAvratI ke lie mana-vacana-kAya se evaM kRta-kArita anumodanA se kisI bhI avasthA meM upayogahIna (nirarthaka), sAvadha, nizcayAtmaka, asabhya (azobhana) evaM ahitakara vacana nahIM bolanA cAhie apitu uparyukta doSoM ko bacAte hue hamezA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka hitakArI, alpa aura priyavacana hI bolanA caahie| trividhasatya aura usakA phala-grantha meM vacana bolane kI kramika tIna avasthAe~ batalAI gaI haiM :2 1. mana meM bolane kA saMkalpa (saMrambha), 2 bolane kA prayatna (samArambha) aura 3. bolane meM pravRtti (aarmbh)| vacana bolane kI ina tIna kramika avasthAoM meM satya bolanerUpa se pravatti karane para inake hI kramaza: nAma bhAvasatya, karaNasatya aura yogasatya haiM / arthAta mana meM satya bolane kA saMkalpa karanA 'bhAvasatya', satya bolane kA prayatna karanA 'karaNasatya' aura satya bolanA 'yogasatya' hai| isa trividhasatya se jisa phala kI prApti hotI hai vaha isa prakAra hai : 1. bhAvasatya kA phala-bhAvasatya se sAdhaka kA antaHkaraNa vizuddha hotA hai aura vaha dharma kA sevana karake isa janma ko tathA AgAmI janma ko bhI saphala kara letA hai / 1. musaM parihare bhikkhU Na ya ohAriNIM vae / bhAsA dosaM parihare mAyaM ya vajjae sayA // -u0 1.24. . sukaDitti supakkitti succhiNNe suhaDe maDe / suNiTThie sulaTThitti sAvajjaM vajjae muNI / / -u0 1.36. . 2. saMraMbhasamAraMbhe AraMbhe ya taheva ya / vayaM pavattamANaM tu niyatejja jayaM jaI / / ___-u0 24.23. 3. ....."bhAvasacceNaM bhAvavisohi jaNayai / bhAvavisohIe vadramANe jIve arahatapannatasya dhammassa ArAhaNayAe anbhuThei / arahatapannatassa dhammassa ArAhaNayAe abbhu ThittA paralogadhammassa ArAhae bhavai / -u0 26.50. For Personal & Private Use Only

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266 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 2. karaNa satya kA phala-isase jIva satyarUpa kriyA ke karane kI zakti ko prApta karatA hai aura vaha jaisA kahatA hai vaisA hI karake prAmANika puruSa bana jAtA hai / ' 3. yogasatya kA phala- mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti (kriyA) kA nAma yoga hai| ataH jo kriyArUpa meM bhI satya kA hI pAlana karatA hai vaha apane yogoM ko vizuddha kara letA hai / 2 isa taraha isa satyamahAvrata ke mUla meM bhI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA nihita hai| isIlie satya hone para bhI ahitakArI vacana bolane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta jhUTha bolanevAlA vyakti eka jhUTha ko chipAne ke lie anya aneka jhUTha bolatA hai aura hiMsA, corI Adi kriyAoM meM pravRtta hotA huA sukhI nahIM hotA hai|' isake viparIta satya bolanevAlA sAdhu jaisA bolatA hai vaisA hI karatA hai aura prAmANika puruSa hokara sukhI hotA hai| vaidikasaMskRti meM bhI satyavrata ko hajAroM azvamedha yajJoM kI apekSA zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai tathA isa satyavrata ke pAlana karanevAle ko brahmA kI prApti batalAI gaI hai|4 grantha meM isa vrata se yukta jIva ko brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai tathA isa vrata kA pAlana karanA duSkara batalAyA gayA hai / acaurya mahAvrata : tuccha se tuccha vastu ko bhI svAmI kI AjJA ke binA grahaNa na karanA acaurya mahAvrata hai| mana-vacana-kAya evaM kRta. 1. ....."karaNasacceNaM karaNasatti jnnyi| karaNa sacce vaTTamANe jIve jahAvAI tahAkArI yAvi bhavai / -u0 26.51. 2. ....jogasacceNaM jogaM visohe||| -u0 26.52. 3. mosassa pacchA ya puratthao ya paogakAle ya duhI durte| ___ evaM adattANi samAyayaMto rUve atitto duhio aNisso / -u0 32.31. 4. u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1122. 5. dekhie-pR0 264, pA0 Ti0 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 267 kArita-anumodanA se isa vrata kA bhI pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| isake atirikta jo vastu grahaNa kare vaha nirdoSa bhI ho' kyoMki sadoSa vastu ke grahaNa karane para hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai| sAdhu ke lie sabhI sacitta vastuoM ke grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai| ataH kisI ke dvArA sacitta vastu ke die jAne para bhI usakA grahaNa karanA corI hai| svIkRta vratoM kA ThIka se pAlana na karanA bhI corI hai| isa acauryavrata kI dar3hatA ke lie grantha meM bahata hI sundara kahA hai-'dhanAdi grahaNa karanA naraka kA hetu hai (hisAdi meM pravatti karAne ke kAraNa) aisA samajhakara sAdhu eka tRNa ko bhI grahaNa na kre| AhAra ke binA zarIra kA nirvAha nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata apanI nindA karatA haA pAtra meM die gae nirdoSa AhAra ko hI grahaNa kre|'2 vaidika-saMskRti meM isakA pAlana karanevAle ko brahmatva kI prApti batalAI gaI hai| grantha meM isa vrata kA pAlana karane vAle ko brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai tathA isa vrata kA pAlana karanA duSkara batalAyA gayA hai|" brahmacarya mahAvrata : mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kArita-anumodanA se manuSya, tiryaJca evaM deva zarIrasambandhI saba prakAra ke maithunasevana kA tyAga karanA 1. daMtasohaNa mAissa adattassa vivajjaNaM / aNavajjesaNijjassa giNhaNA avi dukkaraM / / -u0 16.28. cittamaMtamacittaM vA appaM vA jai vA bahuM / na giNhAi adattaM je taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // -u0 25.25. 2. AyANaM NarayaM dissa NAya ijja taNAmavi / doguchI appaNo pAe diNNaM bhujijja bhoyaNaM / / -u0 6.7. 3. u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1123. 4. dekhie-pR0 216, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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268 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana brahmacarya mahAvrata hai|' grantha meM isake 18 bhedoM kA saMketa milatA hai|2 audArikazarIra (manuSya va tiryaJca-sambandhI zarIra) aura vaikriyakazarIra ( devasambandhI zarIra ) se maithana sevana saMbhava hone se TIkAkAroM ne ina donoM prakAra ke zarIroM ke sAtha maithuna sevana kA kRta-kArita-anumodanA tathA mana-vacana-kAya se tyAga karanerUpa brahmacarya ke 18 bheda ginAe haiN| ye jo brahmacarya ke 18 bheda ginAe gae haiM ve sAmAnya apekSA se haiM anyathA prati vyakti ke zarIra-bheda se isake aneka bheda saMbhava haiN| isa brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie nimnokta dasa prakAra ke samAdhisthAnoM kA anupAlana Avazyaka hai : samAdhisthAna-brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie jina dasa vizeSa bAtoM kA tyAga Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai unheM grantha meM 'samAdhisthAna' ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| citta ko ekAgra karane meM inakA vizeSa mahattva hone ke kAraNa inheM samAdhisthAna kahA gayA hai| samAdhisthAna ke dasa prakAra nimnokta haiM : 1. strI Adi se saMkIrNa sthAna ke sevana kA tyAga-strI, pazu Adi kA jahAM para AvAgamana saMbhava hai aise mandira, sArvajanika sthAna, do gharoM kI sandhiyA~, rAjamArga Adi sthAnoM meM sAdhu akelA 1. divvamANussatericchaM jo na sevai mehuNaM / ' maNasA kAyavakkeNaM taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / -u0 25.26. viraI abaMbhacerassa kAmabhogarasannuNA / uggaM mahavvayaM baMbha dhAreyavvaM sudukkaraM // - u0 16.26. 2. u0 31. 14. 3. vahI, A0 TI0, pR0 1366. 4. ime khalu te therehiM bhagavatehiM dasa bambhacerasamAhiThANA pannattA, je bhikkhU soccA nisamma saMjamabahule saMvarabahule samAhibahule gutte guttidie guttabaMbhayArI sayA appamatte vihrejjaa|| -u0 16. 1 (gadya). For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [269 khar3A na hove' kyoMki strI Adi se AkIrNa sthAnoM para Thaharane se unakI kAmakrIDAe~ dekhakara brahmacArI ko kAmecchA jAgrata ho sakatI hai| pUrNa saMyamI ko strI ke saMparka se bacanA cAhie anyathA rathanemI kI taraha kAmajanya caJcalatA kA honA saMbhava hai / 2 jaise billiyoM ke pAsa cUhoM kA rahanA ucita nahIM hai usI prakAra brahmacArI puruSa kA strI ke pAsa (strI kA puruSa ke pAsa) rahanA ThIka nahIM hai| ataH brahmacArI sAdhu ke lie ekAntasthAna hI upayukta hai| 2. kAmarAga ko bar3hAne vAlI strI-kathA kA tyAga-mana meM AhlAda ko paidA karane vAlI tathA kAmarAga ko bar3hAne vAlI strI. kathA kahane va sunane se brahmacarya Tika nahIM sakatA hai| ataH brahmacArI ko strI-kathA se dUra rahanA caahie| jisa strI-kathA 1. jaM vivittamaNAinnaM rahiyaM itthijaNeNa ya / bambhacerassa rakkhaTThA AlayaM tu nisevae / -u0 16.1. samaresu agAresu saMdhIsu ya mahApahe / ego egitthie saddhi Neva ciThe Na saMlave // -u0 1.26. ... tathA dekhie-u0 8.16; 16.1 (gadya),11; 22.45,32.13. 2. dekhie-pariziSTa 2. 3. jahA virAlAvasahassa mUle na mUsagANaM vasahI pstthaa| ___ emeva itthInilayassa majjhe na baMbhayArissa khamo nivaaso|| -u0 32.13. 4. kAmaM tu devIhiM vibhUsiyAhiM na cAiyA khobhaiuM tiguttaa| . tahA vi egaMtahiyaM ti naccA vivittavAso muNiNaM pasattho / -u0 32.16. 5. maNa palhAyajaNaNI kaamraagvivddddhnnii| bambhacerarao bhikkhU thIkahaM tu vivajjae // -u0 16.2. tathA dekhie-u0 16. 2 (gadya), 11. For Personal & Private Use Only

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270 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana se dharma meM ruci bar3he aisI pativratA yA brahmacAriNI strI kI kathA kahI jA sakatI hai parantu aisI kathA bhI ekAnta meM nahIM kahanA cAhie kyoMki kabhI-kabhI usakA viparIta prabhAva bhI saMbhava hotA hai / 3. striyoM ke sAtha eka Asana para baiThane kA tyAga - striyoM ke sAtha eka Asana para baiThakara kathA, vArtAlApa, paricaya Adi karane se kAmapIr3A utpanna ho sakatI hai / ataH brahmacArI ko striyoM ke sAtha paricayAdi na bar3hAkara unake sAtha eka Asana para nahIM baiThanA cAhie / ' vRttikAra nemicandra ne pUrva - paramparA kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki jisa sthAna para koI strI baiTha cukI ho usa sthAna para usake uThane ke samaya se lekara eka muhUrta taka nahIM baiThanA cAhie kyoMki tatkAla vahAM para baiThane se zaMkA Adi doSa hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / 4. rAgapUrvaka striyoM ke rUpAdi darzana kA tyAga - striyoM ke aGgoM ( mastakAdi), pratyaGgoM (kuca, kukSi Adi), saMsthAnoM (kaTipradeza Adi ) tathA nAnA prakAra kI manohara mudrAoM ko dekhane se cakSurAga utpanna hotA hai | ataH brahmacArI ko cakSu indriya ke viSayabhUta striyoM ke rUpAdi kA darzana nahIM karanA cAhie / cakSu kA svabhAva hai - dekhanA / ataH isa prakAra ke prasaGga upasthita hone para vItarAgatApUrvaka zubha-dhyAna karanA cAhie / striyoM ke rUpa - lAvaNya meM puruSa ko 1. hA khalu no niggaMthe itthIhi saddhi sanni sejjAgae viharejjA | - u0 16.3. tathA dekhie - u0 16.3 (gadya), 11. 2. utthitAsvapi tAsu muhUrtta tatra nopaveSTavyamiti sampradAyaH / 3. aMgapaccaMgasaMThANaM cArullaviyapehiyaM / - vahI, ne0 vR0, pR0 220. bhararao thINaM cakkhu gijjhaM vivajjae || - u0 16.4. tathA dekhie - u0 16.4 ( gadya), 1132.14-15; 35.15. 4, itthojaNassAriyajJANajuggaM / --u0 32.15, For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 271 Asakti na ho isIlie grantha meM striyoM ko 'rAkSasI' evaM 'paGkabhUta' (kIcar3a) taka kahA hai-'rAkSasI striyoM meM sAdhu ko pralobhita nahIM honA cAhie kyoMki ye nAnA prakAra ke cittavAlI haiM tathA vakSasthala meM mAMsa-piNDa ( kuca ) ko dhAraNa karatI haiN| ye pahale puruSa ko pralobhita karatI haiM, pazcAta unase dAsa kI taraha vyavahAra karatI haiN| ataH inako kIcar3arUpa jAnakara sAdhu apane ApakA hanana na kare tathA AtmagaveSI banakara saMyama kA pAlana kre| 5. striyoM ke vividha prakAra ke zabdoM ke zravaNa kA tyAgabrahmacArI sAdha ko zrotrendriyagrAhya striyoM ke kajita (suratakAla meM honevAle kapotAdi pakSiyoM kI taraha avyakta zabda), rudita (ratikalaha), gIta (gAnayukta zabda), hasita (hAsyayukta zabda), stanita (gambhIra zabda yA suratakAla meM honevAlA sItkAra), krandita (karuNa rodana), vilApa (pativiyogajanya pIr3A) Adi kAmarAgavardhaka vacanoM ko nahIM sunanA cAhie kyoMki isa prakAra ke kAmavardhaka vacanoM kA zravaNa karane se mana calAyamAna ho jAtA hai| 6. pUrvAnubhUta kAmakrIr3A ke smaraNa kA tyAga-brahmacArI sAdhu ko brahmacaryavrata lene ke pUrva anubhava kI gaI kAmakrIr3A kA smaraNa nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki aisA karane se mana vicalita ho sakatA hai| .. 1. paMkabhUyAo ithio| -u0 2.17. no rakkhasIsu gijjhejjA gaMDabacchAsu NegacittAsu / jAo purisaM palobhittA khellaMti jahA va dAsehiM / / -u0 8.18. 2. kuiyaM ruivaM gIyaM hasiyaM thaNiyakaM diyaM / baMbhacerarao thINaM soyagijjhaM vivjje|| -u0 16.5. tathA dekhie-u0 16.5 (gadya), 12. 3. hAsaM kiDDaM raI dappaM sahasA'vattAsiyANi ya / baMbhacerarao thINaM nANucite kayAivi / . tathA dekhie-u0 16.6 (gadya), 12; 32.14. -u0 16.6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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272 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 7. sarasa AhAra kA tyAga - jisa prakAra svAdiSTa phalavAle vRkSa ko pakSIgaNa pIr3ita karate haiM usI prakAra ghI, dUdha Adi rasavAn dravyoM ke sevana se kAmavAsanA uddIpita hokara pIr3ita karatI hai | ataH brahmacArI ke lie sarasa AhAra kA tyAga Avazyaka hai / ' 8. atibhojana kA tyAga - jisa prakAra pracura IMdhanavAle vana meM utpanna huI dAvAgni vAyu ke vega ke kAraNa zAnta nahIM hotI hai usI prakAra pramANa se adhika bhojana karanevAle brahmacArI kI indriyAgni ( kAmAgni) zAnta nahIM hotI hai / ataH brahmacArI sAdhu ko brahmacarya kI rakSA evaM citta kI sthiratA ke lie thor3A AhAra karanA cAhie / yadi alpAhAra se bhI brahmacarya meM bAdhA Ae to brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie kabhI-kabhI AhAra kA tyAga bhI karanA cAhie / ataH grantha meM sAdhu ke AhAragrahaNa na karane ke kAraNoM meM brahmacarya kI rakSA ko bhI eka kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / 3 1. paNIyaM bhattapANaM ca khippaM mayavivaDDhaNaM / baMbhacerarao bhikkhU niccaso parivajjae || rasA pagAmaM na niseviyanvA pAyaM rasA dittikarA narANaM / dittaM ca kAmA samabhiddavaMti dume jahA sAuphalaM va pakkhI // - u0 16.7. tathA dekhie - u0 16.7 (gadya), 12. 2. dhammaladdhaM miyaM kAle jattatthaM paNihANavaM / nAtaM tu bhujijjA baMbhacerarao sayA || - u0 16.8. tathA dekhie - u0 16.8 (gadya), 13. dekhie - AhAra, prakaraNa 4. jahA davaggI parighaNe vaNe samAruo novasamaM uvei / vidiggI vipagAmabhoiNo na baMbhayArissa hiyAya kassaI || - u0 32.10. For Personal & Private Use Only - u0 32.11.

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prakaraNa 4: sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [273 6. zarIra kI vibhUSA kA tyAga-zarIra kA zRGgAra karane se kAmecchAe~ jAgrata hotI haiM / ataH brahmacArI sAdhu ko maNDana, snAna Adi se zarIra ko alaMkRta nahIM karanA caahie|' 10. zabdAdi pA~coM indriyasambandhI viSayoM ke bhogopabhoga kA tyAga-madhura zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ye pA~coM viSaya kAmavAsanA ko jAgrata karane ke kAraNa 'kAmaguNa' kahe jAte haiM / ataH ina sabhI prakAra ke kAmaguNoM kA brahmacArI ke lie tyAga Avazyaka hai| isa taraha brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie jitane bhI brahmacarya se . DigAnevAle zaMkAsthala haiM una sabakA tyAga Avazyaka hai kyoMki ye bahuta hI svalpakAla meM tAlapuTa viSa (ati ugra viSa) kI taraha brahmacArI ke lie ghAtaka hote haiN| 3 grantha meM brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie jo 'strI' zabda kA sanniveza kiyA gayA hai vaha kAmasaMtuSTi kA upalakSaNa hai| ataH jise jisa kisI se bhI kAmasaMtuSTi ho use. usIkA tyAga karanA caahie| ina samAdhisthAnoM kA brahmacarya kI rakSA meM vizeSa mahattva hone ke kAraNa inheM hI brahmacarya kI guptiyA~ kahA gayA hai| dasavAM samAdhisthAna anya : samAdhisthAnoM kA saMgraha 1. vibhUsaM parivajjejjA sarIraparimaMDaNaM / baMbhacerarao bhikkha siMgAratthaM na dhArae / -u0 16.6. tathA dekhie-u0 16.6 (gadya), 13. 2. sadde rUve ya gandhe ya rase phAse taheva ya / - paMcavihe kAmaguNe niccaso privjje|| tathA dekhie-u0 16.10 (gadya), 13. 3. narassa'ttagavesissa visaM tAlauDaM jahA / -u0 16.13. saMkaTThANANi savvANi vajjejjA paNihANavaM / -u0 16.14. 4. u0 31.10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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274 ] rUpa hone se use pRthak na mAnakara batalAI gaI haiM / ' uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana brahmacarya kI karatA - brahmacarya ko grantha meM anya sabhI vratoM kI apekSA adhika duSkara batalAyA gayA hai / yaha vaha amogha kavaca hai jisake dhAraNa kara lene para anya sabhI vrata AsAnI se dhAraNa kie jA sakate haiM / ataH isakI duSkaratA kA pratipAdana karate hue grantha meM likhA hai - 'saMsArabhIru, dharma meM sthita, mokSAbhilASI manuSya ke lie itanA dustara isa loka meM anya kucha bhI nahIM hai jitanA ki mUrkhoM ke mana ko haraNa karane vAlI striyA~ | jo inako pAra kara letA hai usake lie zeSa padArtha sukhottara ho jAte haiM / jaise mahAsamudra ke pAra kara lene para gaMgA jaisI vizAla nadiyA~ AsAnI se pAra karane yogya ho jAtI haiM / yaha dustaratA adhIra puruSoM ke lie hI batalAI gaI hai kyoMki ve zleSmA meM pha~sane vAlI makSikA kI taraha unameM ulajha jAte haiM aura taba jisa prakAra kIcar3avAle tAlAba meM pha~sA huA hAthI kIcar3a se rahita tIra pradeza ko dekhakara bhI vahA~ se nahIM nikala pAtA hai usI prakAra kAmAdi meM Asakta ve loga kAmAdi viSayoM ko nahIM chor3a pAte haiM / isake viparIta ye viSaya bhoga svayaM puruSa ko chor3akara usI prakAra anyatra cale jAte haiM jisa prakAra phaloM se rahita vRkSa ko chor3akara pakSI anyatra cale jAte haiM / parantu jo suvratI sAdhu haiM ve hI brahmacarya kI guptiyA~ 1. vahI, A0 TI0, pR0 1361. 2. mokkhAbhikaMkhissa u mANavasta saMsArabhIrussa Thiyassa dhamme / neyArisaM duttaramatthi loe jahitthio bAlamaNoharAo // ee ya saMge samaikkamittA suduttarA ceva bhavaMti sesA / jahA mahAsAgaramuttarittA naI bhave avi gaMgAsamANA || - u0 32.17-18. tulanA kIjie jahA naI veyaraNI duttarA iha saMmayA / evaM logaMsi nArIo duttarA amaImayA // --sUtrakRtAGga 3.3.16. tathA dekhie - pR0 268, pA0 Ti01; u0 13.27,26; 16. 13-14,16; 16.26, 34 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [275 kAmabhogarUpI samudra ko usI prakAra pAra kara lete haiM jisa prakAra koI kuzala vaNika samudra ko pAra kara letA hai|' isa taraha jo isa vrata ke dhAraNa karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai vaha anya vratoM ko saralatApUrvaka dhAraNa kara letA hai kyoMki kAmavAsanA pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM ke sevana se uddIpita hotI rahatI hai| ataH samAdhisthAnoM kI prApti ke lie pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM kI Asakti kA tyAga Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| isa taraha jaba pA~coM indriyAM vaza meM ho jAtI haiM to vaha jitendriya ho jAtA hai aura taba jitendriya ke lie koI bhI vrata dhAraNa karanA kaThina nahIM raha jAtA hai| isIlie grantha meM bahutra pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM se pralobhita na hokara jitendriya, saMyata aura susamAhita hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / 2 rathanemI jaise saMyamI ke dvArA prArthita hone para bhI rAjImatI kA saMyama meM dar3ha rahanA evaM use bhI saMyama meM dar3ha karanA brahmacarya vrata meM dar3ha rahanA hai / isake bAda brahmacarya meM dar3ha hokara donoM anya vratoM kA bhI saralatApUrvaka pAlana karake mukti ko prApta karate haiM / yadyapi isa vrata kA bhI uddezya ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ko daDha karanA hai tathApi jo ise sabase adhika kaThina batalAyA gayA hai vaha isalie ki kAmasukha se prerita 1. bhogAmisadosavisanne hiyanisseyasabuddhivoccatthe / bAle ya maMdie mUDhe bajjhaI macchiyA va khelammi // duppariccayA ime kAmA no sujahA adhIrapurisehiM / aha saMti suvvayA sAhU je taraMti ataraM vaNiyA va // -u0 8.5-6. nAgo jahA paMkajalAvasanno daThaM thalaM nAbhisamei tiirN| evaM vayaM kAmaguNe su giddhA na bhikkhuNo mggmnnuvvyaamo|| accei kAlo taraMti rAio na yAvi bhogA purisANa niccaa| uvicca bhogA purisaM cayaMti dumaM jahA khINaphalaM va pakkhI // -u0 13.30-31. 2. u0 12.1.3,17; 13.12; 14.47; 15.2-4,15-16; 16.15; 16.30-51 Adi / 3. dekhie-pariziSTa 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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276 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana hokara jIva prAyaH hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, dhanAdi-saMgraha Adi meM pravRtta hotA huA cakSu-dRSTa rati ko hI satya mAnatA hai|' mahattva-grantha meM isake mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie hI solahaveM adhyayana ko gadya tathA padya meM pUnarAvata kiyA hai| isa vrata kA pAlana karane vAle ko zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai| sAdhu ke lie jina bAIsa prakAra ke parISahoM (kaSToM) para vijaya pAne kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai unameM strI-parISaha bhI eka hai jo kAmajanya pIr3A para vijaya pAne ke lie hai| isa vrata ke pAlana karane se anya vrata sukhottara to ho hI jAte haiM, isake atirikta jina guNoM kI prApti hotI hai unameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM : 1. Atmazuddhi meM pradhAna kAraNa hone se Atma-prayojana kI praapti|' 2. sAdhu-dharma (zrAmaNya) kI saphalatA / " 3. devoM ke dvArA bhI pUjya ho jaanaa| 4. saMvara kI AdhArazilA hone se saMyamabahula, saMvarabahula, samAdhibahula, mana-vacana-kAya se gupta, guptendriya, guptabrahmacArI tathA apramattatA kI prApti / 1. na me diTTe pare loe cakkhudiTThA imA rii| -u0 5.5. tathA dekhie-u0 5.6-10. 2. dekhie-pR0 268, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. dekhie-parISahajaya, prakaraNa 5. 4. iha kAmaNiyaTTassa attaThe nAvarajjhaI / -u0 7.26. 5. sukaDaM tassa sAmaNNaM / -u0 2.16. 6. devadANavagaMdhavvA jakkha rkkhskinnraa| baMbhayAri namasaMti dukkaraM je karaMti taM / / -u0 16. 16. 7. dekhie-pR0 268, pA0 Ti0 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 277 5. saMsAra-bhramaNAbhAvarUpa mukti kI prApti / ' jo isa vrata kA ThIka se pAlana nahIM karatA hai vaha ina guNoM ke viparIta jina doSoM ko prApta karatA hai ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. Atmaprayojana (AtmajJAna yA sukha) kI prApti na honA / 2 2. asthiracitta (asthirAtmA) honaa| 3. dharmArAdhanA meM zaMkA Adi doSa utpanna honaa| 4. saMyamavirAdhanA, unmAda, dIrghakAlika rogAdi kI prApti / 5. paralokabhaya, karmasaMcaya, duHkha evaM naraka kI prApti / 6 . isa taraha grantha meM anya vratoM kI apekSA brahmacarya para adhika jora diyA gayA hai| yahA~ eka prazna ho sakatA hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne jina cAra vratoM kA pAlana karane kA upadeza diyA thA unameM brahmacarya vrata nahIM thA phira kyA kAraNa thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne brahmacarya para itanA jora diyA aura use saba vratoM meM dustara kahA / isa viSaya meM grantha meM vahI tarka diyA gayA hai jo sAdhu ko sAntarottara vastra ke sthAna para purAne vastra ( yA acela ) pahinane ke viSaya meM diyA gayA hai| 7 isakA tAtparya yaha hai 1. esa dhamme dhuve nicce sAsae jiNadesie / siddhA sijhaMti cANeNa sijjhissaMti tahA vare // -u0 16. 17. tathA dekhie-u0 31. 14. 2. iha kAmANiyaTTassa attaThe avarajjhaI / -u0 7. 25 3. jai taM kAhisi bhAvaM jA jA dicchasi naario| vAyAviddho vva haDo aTTiappA bhavissasi / / -u0 22. 45. 4. AyariyAha-niggaMthassa khalu itthIpasupaMDagasaM satAI sayaNAsaNAI sevamANassa baMbhayArissa baMbhacere saMkA vA kaMkhA vA viigicchA vA samuppajjijjA, bhedaM vA la bhejjA, ummAyaM vA pauNijjA, dIhakAliyaM vA rogAyaka havejjA, kevalipannatAo dhammAo vA bhNsejjaa......| -u0 16. 1 ( gadya ) / 5. vhii| . 6. u0 5. 5-11. ___7. dekhie-pR0 256, pA0 Ti0 2; pR0 257, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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278 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana ki mahAvIra ke kAla meM logoM kI pravatti kAmavAsanA kI ora bahata adhika bar3ha rahI thI aura yahA~ taka ki pazuoM ke sAtha bhI kAma-saMtuSTi karane meM prayatnazIla dekhe jAte the / isIliye brahmacarya ke lakSaNa meM evaM samAdhisthAnoM ke varNana meM tiryaJca zabda ko jor3A gayA hai| isake atirikta isa samaya ke loga vakrajar3a svabhAva ke hone ke kAraNa kutarka dvArA yaha siddha karane lage the ki strI-sevana kA tyAga Avazyaka nahIM hai, jabaki aparigraha vrata ke andara hI strI ke eka prakAra kI sampatti hone ke kAraNa strI-saMparkajanya maithunasevana kA tyAga bhI sanniviSTa thA / manuSyoM kI isa prakAra kAmavAsanA kI ora bar3hatI haI pravatti ko dekhakara hI ise ahiMsAdi vratoM se pRthaka vrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA tathA isa para vizeSa jora bhI diyA gyaa| kAmavAsanAe~ bar3ha jAne se loga ahiMsAdi vratoM kI ora unmukha nahIM hote the / ataH ahiMsA aura aparigraha vrata kI sarvAdhika pradhAnatA rahane para bhI inakA pAlana karane meM kAmavAsanAe~ pramukha bAdhaka hone ke kAraNa brahmacarya ko dustara kahA gayA aura anya vratoM ko sukhottara / isI taraha rAtribhojana kI ora bar3hatI huI pravRtti ko dekhakara rAtribhojana-tyAga ko bhI mahAvatoM ke hI sAtha meM kahA jAne lagA thaa| aparigraha mahAvrata : dhana-dhAnya, dAsavarga Adi jitane bhI nirjIva evaM sajIva dravya haiM una sabakA kRta-kArita-anumodanA evaM mana-vacana-kAya se nirmohI hokara tyAga karanA aparigraha (akiJcana) mahAvrata hai| ataH sarvavirata sAdhu ke liye Avazyaka hai ki vaha kSudhAzAnti ke liye bhI 1. cauvihe'vi AhAre rAI bhoyaNavajjaNA / sannihIsaMcao ceva vajjeyavvo sudukkaraM / / / -u0 16.31. dhaNadhannapesavaggesa pariggahavivajjaNaM / savvAraMbhapariccAgo nimmamattaM sudukkaraM // -u0 16.30. tathA dekhie-u0 8.4; 12.6; 14.41, 46; 21.21; 25.2728%; 35.3, 16 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [279 annAdi kA lezamAtra bhI saMcaya na kare aura na rAtri ke liye kucha bacAkara rkhe| isake atirikta hiraNya Adi kI mana se bhI kAmanA na kare tathA hiraNya aura patthara meM samadRSTi rakhatA huA pakSI kI taraha AzArahita hokara apramattabhAva (sAvadhAnIpUrvaka ) se vicaraNa kare / ' isa taraha sabhI prakAra ke dhana-dhAnyAdi kA parityAga karake taNamAtra kA bhI saMgraha na karanA tathA pA~coM indriyoM ke manojJa va amanojJa viSayoM ke upasthita hone para bhI jala se bhinna kamala kI taraha unameM lipta ( rAga-dveSayukta) na honA hI aparigraha mahAvrata hai / aparigrahI hI vItarAgI haiM kyoMki jaba taka viSayoM se virAga nahIM hogA taba taka jIva aparigrahI nahIM ho sakatA hai / viSayoM ke prati rAgabuddhi (lobhabuddhi) kA honA hI parigraha hai| jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM lobha bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai aura lobha ke bar3hane para parigraha bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai / jaba zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ina viSayoM se sambandhita sacitta evaM acitta sabhI dravyoM se virAga ho jAtA hai to usake lie saMsAra meM kucha bhI duSkara nahIM raha jAtA hai| yaha niSparigrahatA yA vItarAgatA ativistRta evaM suspaSTa rAjamArga 1. sannihiM ca na kuvvejjA levamAyAe saMjae / pakkhI pattaM samAdAya niravekkho parivae / -u0 6.16. tathA dekhie-u0 35. 13. 2. jahA pomaM jale jAyaM novalippai vaarinnaa| evaM alittaM kAmehi taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / -u0 25.27. tathA dekhie-u0 10.28; 32.22, 35. 3. jahA lAhA tahA loho lAhA loho pavaDDhaI / domAsakayaM kajja koDIe vi na niTThiyaM / -u0 8.17. 4. iha loe nippivAsassa natthi kiMcivi dukkaraM / -u0 16.45. tathA dekhie-u0 26.45. For Personal & Private Use Only

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280 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana hai|' isa aparigraha vrata ke samakSa ajJAnamUlaka japa-tapAdi SoDazIkalA ko bhI prApta nahIM karate haiM / jo ina viSayoM ke prati mamatva nahIM rakhatA hai vaha isa loka meM duHkhoM se alipta hokara Anandamaya jIvana vyatIta karatA hai tathA paraloka meM bhI deva yA mukti pada ko prApta karatA hai| isa taraha isa vrata ko dar3ha rakhane ke liye Avazyaka hai ki pA~coM indriyoM ke tattat viSayoM meM rAgabuddhi na kI jAe kyoMki kisI bhI viSaya ke prati rAga hone para usakI prApti ke liye prayatna karanA par3atA hai aura usa viSaya kI prApti ke prayatna meM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi nAnA prakAra ke pApoM ko karanA par3atA hai| ataH ahiMsAdi vratoM kA pAlana karane ke liye bhI Avazyaka hai ki dhana-dhAnyAdi se mamatva na kiyA jaae| isa taraha isa aparigraha vrata ke bhI mUla meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA nihita hai / rajoharaNa Adi jo bhI upakaraNa sAdhu ke pAsa rahate haiM unase use mamatva nahIM hotA hai kyoMki ve upakaraNa * saMyama kI ArAdhanA meM sahAyaka hone se Avazyaka haiM / isIlie sarvavirata sAdhu ko unakI prApti hone para harSa evaM naSTa hone para kheda nahIM hotA hai / ataH sAdhu rajoharaNa Adi upakaraNoM se yukta hone para bhI sarvavirata kahalAtA hai / yadi sAdhu ko rajoharaNa Adi upakaraNoM meM bhI mamatva hotA hai to vaha sarvavirata nahIM hai kyoMki vaha pUrNa aparigraha vrata kA ThIka se pAlana nahIM karatA hai| aparigraha yA vItarAgatA kI pUrNatA hone para jIva mukti ko prApta kara letA hai / ataH grantha meM kahA hai ki vItarAgI sAdhu jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA meM pravatta hokara AThoM prakAra ke karmoM ke bandhana ( granthi ) ko kholane kA prayatna karatA hai| sarvaprathama vaha mohanIya karma ko pRthaka karake pUrNa vItarAgatA kI 1. avasohiya kaMTagApahaM oiNNe'si pahaM mahAlayaM / -u0 10.32. 2. dekhie-pR0 253, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. u0 4.12; 6.5; 7.26-27; 8.4; 14.44; 26.30,36; 32.16, 26, 39. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 281 avasthA ko prApta karatA hai / jaba mohanIya karma ko pUrNataH naSTa karake pUrNa vItarAgI ho jAtA hai to phira vaha antarmuhUrta ke bAda jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya aura antarAya ina tIna ghAtiyA karmoM kA yugapat kSaya karake sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, sarvataH sukhI evaM sarvazaktisampanna ho jAtA hai / isa avasthA meM manavacana - kAya kI pravRtti ( yoga ) hote rahane se vaha 'sayogakevalI' kahalAtA hai / isake bAda Ayu ( Ayukarma ) ke antarmuhUrta zeSa rahane para vaha mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti ke sAtha hI sAtha zvAsocchvAsarUpa kriyA kA bhI nirodha karake atisvalpa kSaNa meM hI avaziSTa cAra aghAtiyA karmoM kA yugapat kSaya kara detA hai / isa taraha vaha saba karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para siddha, evaM mukta avasthA ko prApta karake tathA saba prakAra ke duHkhoM kA hamezA ke lie anta karake kRtakRtya hotA huA ananta sukha ko prApta kara letA hai / " grantha meM aise kaI rAjAoM evaM mahApuruSoM ke nAma ginAe gae haiM jinhoMne sampattirUpa vipula sAmrAjya ko chor3akara ( sarvavirata hokara ) mukti ko prApta kiyA hai / isa taraha aparigraha se tAtparya yadyapi pUrNa vItarAgatA se hai parantu brahmacarya vrata ko isase pRthak kara dene ke kAraNa yaha dhana-dhAnyAdi acetana dravya aura dAsa Adi sacetana dravyoM ke tyAgarUpa raha gayA hai / grantha meM isa aparigraha vrata se yukta jIva ko brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai / 3 mahAvratoM ke mUla meM ahiMsA va aparigraha kI bhAvanA : ahiMsA Adi jina pA~ca naitika niyamoM ko mahAvrata zabda se kahA gayA hai una sabake mUla meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA nihita hai tathA isa ahiMsA vrata kI pUrNatA binA aparigraha ke saMbhava 1. u0 26.71-73. 2. dekhie - pariziSTa 2. 3. dekhie - pR0 276, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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282 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana nahIM hai kyoMki sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati moha hone para hI unakI prApti ke liye jIvoM kI hiMsAdi kriyAoM meM pravatti dekhI jAtI hai| isIliye pA~ca mahAvratoM meM sabase pahale ahiMsA ko aura anta meM aparigraha ko ginAyA gayA hai| malataH ye do hI mahAvrata haiM jo eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| inhIM kA vistAra karake bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne cAra mahAvratoM ke rUpa meM aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pA~ca mahAvratoM ke rUpa meM upadeza diyaa| kezi-gautama saMvAda meM brahmacarya mahAvata ko pRthaka mAnane ke lie jo tarka diyA gayA hai yaha tarka anya vratoM ke lie bhI lAgU hotA hai kyoMki jo pUrNa ahiMsaka aura aparigrahI hogA vaha jhUTha, corI, maithunasevana Adi anaitika AcaraNoM meM kabhI bhI pravRtta nahIM hogaa| yadi pUrNa ahiMsaka aura aparigrahI hokara bhI vaha jhaTha, corI Adi meM pravRtti karatA hai to vaha vAstava meM pUrNa ahiMsaka va aparigra hI nahIM hai| ahiMsA aura aparigraha ina do vratoM kA samyakrUpa se pUrNataH pAlana karane ke lie satya, acaurya aura brahmacarya ina tIna vratoM kA bhI pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| isake atirikta na kevala ina pA~ca vratoM kA hI pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai apitu aise anya kaI naitika vratoM kA bhI pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| ataH grantha meM vItarAgI sAdhu ko hajAroM guNoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA kahA gayA hai|' grantha ke ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM sAdha ke jo 10 dharma aura 27 guNa batAlAe gae haiM ve saba ina pA~ca mahAvratoM ke vistArarUpa hI haiM / 2 1. guNANaM tu sahassAI dhAreyavAI bhikkhuNA / -u0 16.25, 2. sAdhu ke dasa dharma aura sattAIsa guNa TIkA-granthoM ke anusAra nimnokta ka. sAdha ke dasa dharma-1. kSamA, 2. mRdutA, 3. RjutA (saralatA), 4. mukti (lobha na karanA), 5. tapa, 6. saMyama, 7. satya, 8. zauca ( pavitratA ), 6. akiJcana ( aparigraha ) aura 10 brahmacarya / kha. sAdha ke sattAIsa guNa-1-5. pAMca mahAvrata, 6. rAtribhojanatyAga, 7-11. paJcendriyanigraha, 12. bhAva satya, 13. karaNa satya, 14. kSamA, For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 283 aba yahA~ isa bAta kA vicAra karanA hai ki ahiMsA aura aparigraha ina do mahAvratoM kA pA~ca mahAvratoM ke rUpa meM kyoM aura kaise vistAra huA ? ahiMsA se dveSAtmaka krodha aura mAna kaSAya kA tathA aparigraha se rAgAtmaka mAyA aura lobha kaSAya kA tyAga ho jAtA hai| rAga-dveSarUpa ye cAra kaSAya hI saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM / ataH ahiMsA aura aparigraha se hI saMsAra ke kAraNoM kA nirodha ho jAne para anya vratoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI hai parantu janasAmAnya kI badalatI huI kuTila manovRtti ko dekhakara niyamoM aura upaniyamoM ke rUpa meM aneka vratoM kA vistAra kiyA gyaa| jaisAki kezi-gautama saMvAda aura yajJaviSayaka saMvAdoM se patA calatA hai ki mahAvIra ke kAla meM manuSyoM kI manovRtti viSaya-bhogoM aura hiMsApradhAna yajJAdi kriyAoM kI ora adhika thI jisase ve apane svArtha se andhe hokara vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA bhUla cuke the aura viSaya-bhogoM tathA hiMsA-pradhAna yajJoM ko karake hI apane karttavya kI itizrI mAnate the / ataH ahiMsA aura aparigraha kA upadeza Avazyaka huaa| apanI kuTila manovRtti ke kAraNa kahIM jhUTha bolakara apane doSoM ko chipA na leveM tathA luke-chipe ( aprakaTarUpa se) svacchanda AcaraNa na kareM ataH satya aura acaurya ina do vratoM ko bhI mala mahAvratoM meM jor3a diyA gyaa| isake bAda kAmavatti kI ora bar3hatI haI manovRtti ko dekhakara brahmacarya ko bhI pRthak mahAvrata ke rUpa meM jor3a diyA gyaa| isa taraha mahAvratoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca ho gii| isI prakAra rAtribhojana kI 15. virAgatA ( lobhatyAga ), 16-18, mana-vacana-kAya nirodha, 16-24. SaTkAya (pRthivI, apa, teja, vAyu, vanaspati aura dvIndriyAdi trasa ) ke jIvoM kI rakSA, 25. saMyama, 26. vedanA sahiSNutA aura 27. mAraNAntika shissnnutaa| inanAmoM meM kucha antara bhI pAyA jAtA hai| dekhie-u0 31.10, 18; ne0 TI0, pR0 344, 346; A0 TI0, pR0 1362, 1401; zramaNasUtra, pR0 171-173; samavAyAGga, samavAya 27. For Personal & Private Use Only

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284 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana ora bar3hatI huI pravRtti ko rokane ke lie rAtribhojanatyAga ko bhI mahAvratoM ke sAtha kahA jAne lagA / parantu mahAvratoM kI pA~ca saMkhyA meM koI parivartana nahIM kiyA gyaa| vaidika aura bauddha saMskRti meM bhI ina pA~ca mahAvratoM ke prati samAna AdarabhAva dikhalAI par3atA hai|' ___ina pA~ca naitika vratoM kA jitanA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se mahattva hai utanA hI vyAvahArika dRSTi se bhI mahattva hai / ahiMsA, satya aura acaurya ye tIna naitika mahAvrata to spaSTarUpa se vyavahAra meM Avazyaka haiN| brahmacarya aura lobhatyAgarUpa aparigraha vrata bhI vyabhicAra rokane evaM vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA ko prasArita karane ke liye Avazyaka haiN| loka meM vyasanI tathA kaMjasa ko hIna dRSTi se dekhA bhI jAtA hai / yadyapi jitanI sUkSmatA se prakRta grantha meM naitika vratoM kA pAlana karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai utanI sUkSmatA se sAmAnya vyavahAra meM apekSita nahIM hai aura na saMbhava hI hai tathApi inake vyAvahArika mahattva kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / grantha meM ina mahAvratoM kA jo upadeza diyA gayA hai vaha sAdhuoM ke lie hai| gRhastha ke lie to ina vratoM kA aMzataH pAlana karanA hI Avazyaka hai jaisA ki pichale prakaraNa meM batalAyA jA cukA hai| ___ isa taraha ahiMsAdi ina pA~ca mahAvratoM meM sAdhu ke sabhI naitika guNoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| gRhastha evaM sAdhu kA sampUrNa AcAra inhIM kI paridhi meM ghUmatA hai| pravacanamAtAe~-gupti aura samiti azubhAtmaka pravRtti ko rokanA aura sadAcArarUpa zubhAtmaka pravRtti meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravRtta honA mahAvratoM kI rakSA evaM 1. ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamA : / -pA0 yo0 2. 30. bauddhoM ke paMcazIla ke lie dekhie-bhA0 da0 ba0, pR0 156. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [285 vizuddhatA ke lie Avazyaka hai| mana, vacana aura kAya-sambandhI sabhI azubhAtmaka pravRttiyoM ko rokanA 'gupti' hai|' zubhAtmaka pravRtti meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravRtti karanA 'samiti' hai / 2 grantha meM ina donoM kA sammilita nAma 'pravacanamAtA' milatA hai| inheM 'pravacanamAtA' kyoM kahA jAtA hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| pravacana zabda kA artha hai -jinadeva-praNIta siddhAnta / 'mAtA' zabda kA artha hai-mAtA kI taraha saMrakSaka evaM utpAdaka / jinadevapraNIta siddhAnta (pravacana ) 12 aMga granthoM meM samAviSTa hai| gupti aura samiti kA samyakarUpa se pAlana karane vAlA sAdhu hI guru-paramparA se prApta dvAdazAGgarUpa samasta zAstrajJAna (pravacana) ko surakSita rakha sakatA hai| ataH grantha meM gupti aura samiti ke samuccaya ko 'pravacanamAtA' kahA gayA hai athavA samasta dvAdazAGga gupti aura samitiyoM meM samAviSTa hone se 'pravacanamAtA' zabda sArthaka hai| 3 nivRtti kI apekSA pravRtti kI pradhAnatA hai kyoMki sAvadhAnIpUrvaka zubhAcAra meM pravRtti karane para azubhAcAra se 1. guttI niyattaNe. kuttA asubhattthesu svvso| -u0 24.26. samyagyoganigraho guptiH| -ta0 sU0 6.4. 2. eyAo paMca samiIo caraNassa ya pavattaNo / -u0 24.26. samiti-sama-ekIbhAvena, iti-pravRttiH samitiH = zobhana kAgrapariNAmaceSTetyarthaH / -zramaNasUtra, pR0 150. 3. aThTha pavayaNamAyAo samiI guttI taheva ya / paMceva ya samiIo taoguttIu AhiyA / / iriyAbhAsesaNAdANe uccAre samiI iya / maNaguttI vayaguttI kAyaguttI ya aTThamA / / eyAo aTTha samiIo samAseNa viyAhiyA / duvAlasaMgaM jiNakkhAyaM mAyaM jattha u pavayaNaM // -u0 24.1-3, tathA dekhie-u0 26.11. For Personal & Private Use Only

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286 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana nivRtti svataH ho jAtI hai / ataH grantha meM pravacanamAtA ko 'samiti' zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai|' gapti aura samiti ke pramukha ATha bheda hone se pravacanamAtAoM kI bhI saMkhyA ATha mAnI gaI hai| grantha meM inake viSaya meM sAvadhAna rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai tathA inake samyak prakAra se pAlana karane kA phala saMsAra se zIghra mukti batalAyA gayA hai / aba kramazaH guptiyoM aura samitiyoM kA pRthaka-pRthak vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| guptiyA~-pravRtti-nirodha : __ mana, vacana aura kAya-sambandhI azubha-pravRttinirodharUpa jo gupti kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai usameM azubha-pravRtti se tAtparya sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM kI ora unmukha honevAlI pravRtti se hai| kaSAyarUpI zatru ke AkramaNa se rakSA karane ke lie ina guptiyoM ko amoghazastra (ajeyazastra) kahA gayA hai| pravRtti mana, vacana evaM kAya se saMbhava hone se gupti ke bhI tIna bheda kie gae 1. vhii| yattu bhedenopAdAnaM tat samitInAM pravicArarUpatvena guptInAM tu pravIcArA'pravIcArAtmakatvena kathaJcit bhedakhyApanArtham |......srvaa apyamUzcAritrarUpAH, jJAnadarzanA'vinAbhAvi ca cAritram, na caitatvyAtiriktamanyadarthato dvAdazAGgamityetAsu pravacanaM mAtamucyate / -u0 ne0 vR0, pR0 302. 2. vhii| 3. aTThasu pavayaNamAyAsu uvutte| -u0 26. 11. eyAo pavayaNamAyA je samma Ayare munnii| so khippaM savvasaMsArA vippamuccai paMDie / --u0 24.27. 4. saddhaM nagaraM kiccA tavasaMvaramagalaM / khaMti niuNapAgAraM tiguttaM duppadhaMsayaM // -u06.20. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 287 haiM - manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti / ' inheM hI yogadarzana ke zabdoM meM kramazaH manoyoga, vacanayoga evaM kAyayoga kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki yogadarzana meM cittavRtti ke nirodha ko 'yoga' zabda se kahA jAtA hai / isa taraha yogadarzana kA yaha 'yoga' zabda jainadarzana ke 'yoga' zabda se bhinna hai kyoMki jainadarzana meM pravRtti mAtra ko yoga kahA jAtA hai tathA usake nirodha ko 'gupti' / 1. manogupti - saMrambha, samArambha evaM Arambha meM pravRtta hue mana ke vyApAra ko rokanA manogupti hai / 3 kisI ko mArane kI icchA karanA 'saMrambha', mArane ke sAdhanoM para vicAra karanA 'samArambha' evaM mArane ke lie kriyA prArambha karane kA vicAra 'Arambha' hai / mana ke ye kramika tIna vikalpa haiM / ata: ina tInoM ko rokanA Avazyaka hai / mana ke vicAroM kI pravRtti satya, asatya, mizra ( satya aura asatya se yukta ) aura anubhaya ( satyAsatya se rahita ) ina cAra viSayoM meM sambhava hone se manogupti ke cAra prakAra batalAe haiM : 1. satyamanogupti ( sadbhUta padArthoM meM pravartamAna mana kI vRtti ko rokanA), 2. asatyamanogupti ( mithyA padArthoM meM pravartamAna mana kI vRtti ko rokanA ), 3. satyamRSAmanogupti ( mizra - satya evaM asatya se mizrita mana ke vicAroM ko rokanA) aura 4. asatya mRSA manogupti ( anubhaya - satya, asatya 1. dekhie - pR0 285, pA0 Ti0 3; u0 6.20; 12.3,17; 16.88; 24.1,16; 26.35;30; 3; 32.16 Adi / 2. yogazcittavRttinirodhaH - pA0 yo0 1.2. 3. saMraMbhasamAraMbha AraMbha ya taheva ya / maNaM pavattamANaM tu niyatejja jayaM jaI || --u0 24.21. 4. saccA taheva mosA ya saccAmosA taheva ya / cautthI asaccAmosA ya maNaguttIo caubvihA || -u0 24.20. For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 288 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana evaM satyAsatya se rahita mana ke vicAroM ko rokanA ) / ' mana ko ekAgra karanA ( ekAgramanaHsanniveza) aura mana ko samAdhistha karanA ( manaHsamAdhAraNa ) ye donoM manogapti ke hI pratiphala haiN| ekAgramanaHsanniveza Adi se dhyAna tapa meM sahAyatA milatI hai| 2. vacanagupti-saMrambha, samArambha evaM Arambha meM pravRtta hue vacana ke vyApAra ko rokanA vacanagupti hai|3 vacana ke satyAdi cAra prakAra saMbhava hone se manogapti kI taraha isake bhI cAra bheda batalAe gae haiN| inake kramazaH nAma ye haiM :4 1. satyavAggupti, 2. mRSAvAggupti, 3. satyamRSAvAggapti (mitha) aura 4. astymRssaavaaggupti| yaha vacanagupti vizeSakara satya mahAvrata kI rakSA karatI hai| vAksamAdhAraNa (vANI ko samAdhistha karanA) vacanagupti kA hI pratiphala hai / 3. kAyagupti-khar3e hone meM, baiThane meM, zayana karane meM, tvakparivartana meM, lAMghane meM, pralaMghana karane meM, indriyoM kA viSaya ke sAtha saMyoga karane Adi meM jo zarIra kI pravRtti saMrambha, samArambha evaM ArambharUpa hotI hai use rokanA kAyagupti hai arthAt zarIrasambandhI vyApAra ko rokanA kAyamUpti hai| kAyasamAdhAraNa kAyagupti kA pratiphala hai / isase kAyotsarga (zarIra kA mamatva chor3akara 1. First three refer to assertions and fourth to injunctions. -se0 bu0 I0, bhAga-45, pR0 150. 2. u0 26.25-26,56,62-66. 3. dekhie - pR0 265, pA0 Ti0 2. 4. saccA taheva mosA ya""vaiguttI cauvvihA / -u0 24.22. 5. u026.57. 6. ThANe nisIyaNe ceva taheva ya tuyaTTaNe / kAyaM pavattamANaM tu niyatejja jayaM jai / / --u0 24.24-25, For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 286 nizcala honA) tapa meM sahAyatA milatI hai / ' manogupti evaM vacanagupti kI taraha kAyagupti ke satyAdi ke bheda se cAra prakAra nahIM ginAe gae haiN| __isa taraha gupti meM na kevala azubha-pravRtti kA nirodha batalAyA gayA hai apitu yAvanmAtra pravRtti kA nirodha batalAyA gayA hai| ataH pUrvollikhita gupti ke lakSaNa meM avyAptidoSa (lakSaNa kA lakSya ke sabhI aMzoM meM na pAyA jAnA) AtA hai| mAlama par3atA hai ki vyavahAra kI dRSTi se pradhAnatA azubhArthoM ke nirodha meM hI hone se gupti kA lakSaNa sirpha azubha-arthoM meM pravRtta mana, vacana aura kAya ke vyApAra kA nirodha batalAyA gayA hai| yadi yAvanmAtra zubhAzubha pravRtti kA nirodha kara diyA jAegA to kisI bhI kriyA meM pravatti na hone se sadAcArarUpa mahAvratoM kA pAlana karanA saMbhava na ho skegaa| isake atirikta zvAsAdi kriyA kA bhI nirodha kara dene para jIvanadhAraNa karanA bhI saMbhava na ho sakegA / ataH gupti kA kArya pravRtti-nirodharUpa hone para bhI pradhAnarUpa se azubha pravRtti ko rokanA hai| yadi zubhakAryoM meM pravRtti kI AvazyakatA par3e to Age kahI jAnevAlI 'samiti' kA Azraya lenA caahie| isIlie nemicandrAcArya apanI vatti meM likhate haiM ki jo samiti aura gupti kA bhedapUrvaka kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha samitiyoM ke kevala pravRttirUpa (pravicAra) hone evaM gaptiyoM ke pravRtti evaM nivRtti ubhayarUpa hone se kathaJcit bheda batalAne ke lie kiyA gayA hai| ye guptiyA~ aura samitiyA~ saba cAritrarUpa haiM aura vaha cAritra jJAna aura darzana ke hone para hI honevAlA (avinAbhAvI) hai| isa taraha nemicandrAcArya ke anusAra guptiyA~ na kevala azubha-arthoM se nivRttirUpa haiM apitu zubha-arthoM meM pravRttirUpa bhI haiM / 2 gupti zabda rakSArthaka 'gup' dhAtu (gupurakSaNe) 1. u0 26.58. 2. 'gutti' tti guptayo nivarttane'pyuktAH, 'asubhatthesu' tti 'azu bhArthebhyaH' azobhanamanoyogAdibhyaH 'savvaso' tti sarvebhyaH, api zabdAt caraNapravarttane'pIti sUtrArthaH / -u0 ne0 vR0, pR0 304. tathA dekhie- pR0 286, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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260 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana se banA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki jo ratnatraya kI rakSA karatA hai vaha guptivAlA hai| ratnatraya kI rakSA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki azUbhAcAra ko rokakara zubhAcAra meM pravatti kI jaae| isa taraha guptiyA~ azubha arthoM se nivartaka tathA zubha-arthoM meM pravartaka bhI haiN| zubha mana, vacana evaM kAya ke vyApArarUpa battIsa prakAra ke yogasaMgrahoM ke viSaya meM grantha meM yatnavAn hone kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI pratIta hotA hai ki ye guptiyA~ mukhyarUpa se azubhaarthoM se nivRtti karAnevAlI haiN| isI dRSTi se grantha meM guptiyoM ko azubha-arthoM se nivartaka batalAyA gayA hai| ___ grantha meM manogupti Adi kA pRthak-pRthak phala batalAte hue likhA hai-manogupti se jIva citta ko ekAgra karake saMyama kA ArAdhaka ho jAtA hai / vacanagupti se nirvikAratA ko prApta karake citta kI ekAgratA (adhyAtmayoga) ko prApta kara letA hai aura kAyagupti se saba prakAra ke pApAsravoM ko rokakara saMvaravAlA ho jAtA hai|'3 isase pratIta hotA hai ki guptiyoM kA pradhAna kArya azubha-arthoM meM pravRtta mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM ko rokanA hai| isa taraha jaba azubhAtmaka pravattiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai to phira ratnatrayarUpa zubha-arthoM meM pravRtti ko karatA huA sAdhaka dhIredhIre AyU ke antima samaya meM zubha-arthoM meM prayukta mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM kA bhI nirodha karake mukta ho jAtA hai| ataH grantha meM gupti kA phala karmakSaya ke bAda saMsAra se mukti batalAyA gayA hai| yadi paramArtharUpa se vicAra kiyA jAe to saba 1. 'yoge' tti sUcakatvAt sUtrasya yogasaGa grahA yaiH yogAH zubhamanovAkkAyavyApAraH saGa gRhyante--svIkriyante, te ca dvAtriMzad / -u0 ne0 vR0, pR0 350. tathA dekhie-samavAyAGga, samavAya 32; zramaNasUtra, pR0 166. 2. u0 31.20. 3. u0 26.53-55. 4. cArittagutte ya NaM jIve vivittAhAre daDhacaritte egaMtarae mokkhabhAvapaDivanne aTThavihakammagaMThi nijjarei / -u0 26.31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 261 prakAra ke zubhAzubha arthoM meM honevAlI zubhAzubha pravRtti ko rokanA gupti hai| samitiyA~-pravRtti meM sAvadhAnI : gamana Adi kriyAoM ke karate samaya sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravRtti karanA samiti hai / arthAt sAdhu jo bhI kriyAe~ kare unameM pramAda na karate hue sAvadhAnI rakhe tAki jIvAdi kI hiMsA na ho / sAdhu ko pratidina sAmAnyarUpa se jina gamanAdi kriyAoM ko karanA par3atA hai unheM pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake samiti ke bhI pA~ca bheda ginAe gae haiN| inake nAmAdi isa prakAra haiM : ' 1. gamana kriyA meM sAvadhAnI (IryAsamiti), 2. vacana bolane meM sAvadhAnI (bhASAsamiti), 3. AhArAdi sAdhana-sAmagrI ke anveSaNa, grahaNa evaM upabhoga meM sAvadhAnI (eSaNAsamiti ), 4. vastrAdi ke uThAne va rakhane Adi meM sAvadhAnI (AdAnanikSepasamiti) aura 5. malamUtrAdi kA tyAga karate samaya sAvadhAnI (uccaarsmiti)| ... 1. IryAsamiti-varSAkAla ko chor3akara zeSa kAla meM sAdhu ke lie apane ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha yA ekAkI ( pakSI kI taraha nirapekSI hokara ) grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| ataH mArga meM gamana karate samaya jisa prakAra kI sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hotI hai use IryAsamiti kahate haiN| isa samiti kI parizuddhi ke lie cAra bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai: 1. Alambana, 2. samaya, 3. mArga aura 4. upayoga ( sAvadhAnI ) / ataH grantha 1. dekhie-pR0 205, pA0 Ti0 3; u0 12. 2; 19. 86; 20.40; 24.1,26 ; 30.3. 2. vigica kammuNo heuM kAlakaMkhI parivvae / --u0 6.15. ciccA giha egacare sa bhikkhU / -u0 15.16. maggagAmI mhaamunnii| -u0 25.2. tathA dekhie-u0 10.36; 22.33; 23.3,7 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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262] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . meM kahA hai ki sAdhu ko jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra kA Alambana karake, dina meM utpatha ( U~cA-nIcA ) se rahita mArga meM cAra hAtha pramANa bhUmi ko cakSu ke dvArA ekAgracitta se sAvadhAnIpUrvaka dekhate hue gamana karanA cAhie jisase jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho| gamana karate samaya sAvadhAnI banAe rakhane ke liye Avazyaka hai ki rUpAdi viSayoM tathA adhyayana (svAdhyAya) meM lagI huI,cittavatti ko vahA~ se haTAkara gamana ke prati hI cittavRtti ko sAvadhAnI se lagAe rakheM / ' aisA karane se ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana hotA hai| indra-nami saMvAda meM IryAsamiti ko dhanUSa kI pratyaJcA kahA hai| isase isakI upayogitA aura mahattva kA patA calatA hai| 2. bhASAsamiti-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, bhaya, mukharatA (vAcAlatA) aura vikathA (dharmaviruddha kathA) ina ATha doSoM se rahita samayAnukUla aduSTa evaM parimita vacana bolanA bhASAsamiti hai| arthAta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka samayAnukUla, hita-mita-priya 1. AlaMbaNeNa kAleNa maggeNa jayaNAi ya / caukAraNaparisuddhaM saMjae iriyaM rie / tattha AlaMbaNaM nANaM daMsaNaM caraNaM thaa| kAle ya divase vutte magge uppaha vajjie / davvao cakkhusA pehe jugamittaM ca khetto| . kAlao jAva rIijjA uvautte ya bhAvao // iMdiyatthe vivajjittA sajjhAyaM ceva paJcahA / tammuttI tappurakkAre uvautte riyaM rie / / -u0 24.4-8. tathA dekhie-u0 20.40 ; 25.2; 26.33 Adi / 2. dhaNa parakkama kiccA jIvaM ca IriyaM syaa| ghiI ca keyaNaM kiccA sacceNa parimaMthae / / -u0 6.21. 3. kohe mANe ya mAyAe lobhe ya uva uttyaa| hAse bhaye moharie vikahApu taheva ya / / eyAiM aTTha ThANAiM parivajjittu sNje| asAvaja miyaM kAle bhAsaM bhAsijja pannavaM / / -u0 24.6.10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4: sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [263 evaM satya vacana bolanA satya mahAvrata kA pAlana karane meM sahAyaka hai| 3. eSaNAsamiti-yadyapi sAdhu saba prakAra kI dhana-sampatti kA parityAga kara detA hai parantu jIvana-nirvAha ke lie AhArAdi kI AvazyakatA par3atI hI hai| ataH vaha gRhastha ke ghara se niyamAnukUla AhArAdi ko mAMgakara apanA jIvana-nirvAha karatA hai| isa AhAra Adi kI prApti meM evaM usake upabhoga Adi meM jisa prakAra kI sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hotI hai use eSaNAsamiti kahate haiN| isa viSaya meM grantha meM sAmAnyarUpa se batalAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu AhAra, upakaraNa (vastra, pAtra Adi) aura zayyA (upAzraya-nivAsasthAna) Adi kI gaveSaNA karate samaya gaveSaNA ke udgama evaM utpAdanasambandhI, grahaNa karane ke grahaNaiSaNA-sambandhI evaM upabhoga karane ke paribhogaiSaNA-sambandhI doSoM ko bacAe' arthAt AhArAdi ke khojane sambandhI, grahaNa karane sambandhI evaM upabhoga karane sambandhI zAstrokta chiyAlIsa doSoM ko jinase sAdha hiMsAdi doSoM kA bhAgI ho sakatA hai, bacAne kA prayatna kre| 1. gavesaNAe gahaNe ya paribhogesaNA ya jaa| AhArovahisejjAe ee tinni visohae / / uggamuppAyaNaM paDhame bIe sohejja esaNaM / paribhoyammi caukkaM visohejja jayaM jaI / / -u0 24.12-13. 2. eSaNAsamiti meM dhyAna rakhane yogya chiyAlIsa doSa isa prakAra haiM : ka. gaveSaNA-sambandhI 32 doSa - inameM 16 doSa udgama-sambandhI haiM jinakA nimitta gRhastha hotA hai tathA 16 doSa utpAdana-sambandhI haiM jinakA nimitta sAdhu hotA hai| jaiseH udgama-sambandhI 16 doSa-1. AdhAkarma ( sAdhu ko uddezya karake banAyA gayA AhArAdi ), 2. auddezika ( sAmAnya yAcakoM ke uddezya se banAyA gayA ), 3. pUtikarma ( zuddha AhAra ko AdhAkarmAdi se mizrita karake banAyA gayA ), 4. mizrajAta ( svayaM ko evaM sAdhu ko ekasAtha milAkara banAyA gayA ), 5. sthApanA ( sAdhu ke lie alaga surakSita rakhA gayA ), For Personal & Private Use Only

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264 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 4 AdAna- nikSepasamiti - AdAna kA artha hai - kisI vastu ko uThAnA yA lenA tathA nikSepa kA artha hai - kisI vastu ko 6. prAbhRtikA ( kisI jImanavAra Adi ke lie banAyA gayA ), 7. prAduSkaraNa ( andhakArayukta sthAna se dIpaka Adi kA prakAza karake lAyA gayA ), 8. krIta ( kharIdakara lAyA gayA ), 6. prAmitya ( udhAra mA~gakara lAyA gayA ), 10 parivartita ( parivartana karake lAyA gayA ), 11. abhihRta ( dUra sthAna se lAyA gayA ), 12. udbhinna ( baMda pAtra kA muMha kholakara lAyA gayA ), 13. mAlApahRta ( Upara se utArakara lAyA gayA ) 14. Acchedya ( durbala ( sAjhe kA padArtha adhyavapUraka (sAMdhu se chInakara lAyA gayA ), 15. anisRSTa sAjhedAra se pUche binA lAyA gayA ) aura 16. ko gA~va meM AyA jAnakara apane lie banAe jAne vAle bhojana kI mAtrA bar3hA denA ) / utpAdana sambandhI 16 doSa - 1. dhAtrIkarma ( dhAya kI taraha gRhastha ke bacce ko khilAkara AhArAdi prApta karanA ), 2. dUtIkarma ( dUta kI taraha sandezavAhaka banakara ), 3. nimitta ( zubhAzubha nimitta batAkara ), 4. AjIva ( apanI jAti, kula Adi batAkara ), 50 vanIpaka ( gRhastha kI prazaMsA karake ), 6. cikitsA ( bImArI kI davA batAkara ), 7 krodhapiNDa ( krodha batAkara ), 8 mAna-piNDa ( apanA prabhutva jamAkara ), 8. mAyA-piNDa ( chala-kapaTapUrvaka ), 10. lobha-piNDa ( sarasa evaM acche bhojana kI abhilASA se adhika dUra se mA~gakara lAyA gayA ), 11. saMstava-piNDa ( saMstuti karake ), piNDa ( vidyA ke bala se ), 130 mantra - doSa ( mantra prayoga se ), 14. cUrNa - yoga ( vazIkaraNa-cUrNa Adi kA prayoga karake ), 15. yoga - piNDa ( yoga-vidyA Adi kA prayoga karake ), 16. mUla karma ( garbha-stambhana Adi kA prayoga batAkara ) / 12. vidyA - kha. grahaNaSaNA-sambandhI 10 doSa- inake nimittakAraNa gRhastha aura sAdhu donoM hote haiM / jaise : 1. zaMkita ( AdhAkarmAdi doSa kI zaMkA hone para AhArAdi lenA ), 2. mrakSita ( sacitta se yukta ), 3. nikSipta ( sacita vastu para rakhA huA ), 4. pihita ( sacitta vastu se DhakA huA), 5. saMhRta ( kisI pAtra meM pahale se rakhe hue akalpanIya For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 265 rakhanA / ataH sAdhu ke pAsa jo bhI rajoharaNa Adi upakaraNa hote haiM unheM AkhoM se acchI taraha dekhakara ( pratilekhanA karake ) tathA pramArjana ( saphAI ) karake uThAnA evaM rakhanA 'AdAna - nikSepa' samiti hai / ' arthAt pAtrAdi upakaraNoM ko uThAte evaM rakhate samaya acchI prakAra dekha-bhAla ( pratilekhanA ) kara pramArjana kara lenA cAhie jisase jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho| isa taraha isa samiti kA samyak - rUpa se pAlana karane ke liye pratilekhanA ( nirIkSaNa) evaM pramArjanA ( dhUli Adi sApha karanA ) ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hai / pratilekhanA evaM pramArjanA - pratilekhanA kA artha hai-cakSu se dekhanA aura pramArjanA kA artha hai - sApha karanA / ye donoM kriyAe~ sAdhu ko prAtaH evaM sAyaM roja karanI par3atI haiM / isake atirikta pAtra Adi upakaraNoM ke uThAte evaM rakhate samaya bhI inheM karanA par3atA hai / inake karane se SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA hotI padArtha ko nikAlakara usI pAtra se dene para ), 6. dAyaka ( zarAbI, garbhiNI Adi anadhikArI ke dvArA dene para ), 7. unmizra ( zuddha aura azuddha se mizrita ), 8. apariNata ( zAkAdi ke pUrNarUpa se pake hue na hone para ), 6. lipta (dUdha, dahI Adi se lipta pAtra yA hAtha se dene para ) aura 10 chadita ( jisake annakaNa nIce gira rahe hoM ) / ga. paribhoSaNA (grAsaMSaNA ) - sambandhI 4 doSa - inakA nimitta sAdhu hI hotA hai / jaise : 1. saMyojanA ( sarasatA kI lolupatA se dUdha, zakkara Adi ko paraspara milAkara khAnA ), 2. apramANa ( pramANa se adhika khAnA ), 3. aMgAra ( sarasa AhAra hone para dAtA kI prazaMsA karate hue tathA nIrasa hone para nindA karate hue khAnA ) aura 4. akAraNa ( balavRddhi Adi kI bhAvanA se khAnA ) / - dekhie - vahI, TIkAe~; zramaNasUtra, pR0 431-435. 1. cakkhusA paDile hittA pamajjejja jayaM jaI / Aie nikkhivejjA duhaovi samie sayA || --u0 24.14. tathA dekhie - u0 24.13; 20.40; 12.2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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266 ] uttarAvyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana hai aura na karane se una jIvoM kI hiMsA saMbhava hai| ataH ahiMsAvrata pAlana karane vAle sAdhu ko inheM karanA Avazyaka hai / jo sAdhu pratilekhanA evaM pramArjanA ko ucita rUpa se nahIM karatA huA apane upakaraNoM ko jahA~-tahA~ rakha detA hai tathA zayyA Adi para dhUli-dhUsarita paira hone para bhI so jAtA hai vaha sAdhu saccA sAdhu nahIM hai / 2 jo samaya para pratilekhanA evaM pramArjanA karatA hai usake jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karma naSTa ho jAte haiN| pratilekhanA evaM pramArjanA kI vidhi-sAdha ko samaya kA atikramaNa kiye binA apane sabhI upakaraNoM kI pratilekhanA evaM pramArjanA karanI cAhie / pratilekhanA karate samaya sarvaprathama mukhavastrikA kI, phira rajoharaNa ( gocchaka ) kI pratilekhanA karanI cAhie / isake bAda aMguliyoM se rajoharaNa ko grahaNa karake vastroM kI pratilekhanA karanI caahie|vstroN kI pratilekhanA karate samaya vastra ko bhUmi se U~cA rakhate hue dRr3hatA se sthira pakar3akara zIghratA na karate hue sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pahale vastra kA nirIkSaNa karanA cAhie / isake bAda yatnapUrvaka vastra ko jhaTakAranA cAhie jisase jIva-jantu nikala jaaeN| yadi na nikale to yatnapUrvaka hAtha meM lekara ekAntasthAna meM chor3a denA caahie| isa kriyA ko karate samaya zarIra evaM vastra Adi ko idhara-udhara nacAnA nahIM caahie| vastra kahIM se mur3A huA nahIM honA caahie| asAvadhAnIpUrvaka jaldI-jaldI nahIM karanA cAhie / dIvAla Adi se saMparka nahIM honA caahie| isake atirikta jisa vastra kI pratilekhanA kI 1. puDhavI AukkAe teU-vAU-vaNassai-tasANaM / paDilehaNA Autto chaNhaM saMrakkhao hoi / -u0 26,30-31. 2. dekhie -pR0 256, pA0 Ti0 4; u0 17.10,14. 3. u0 26.15. 4. dekhie --pR0 258, pA0 Ti* 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [297 jA rahI ho usake tIna bhAga karake pratyeka bhAga ko donoM tarapha se dekhanA cAhie yA phira pratyeka bhAga ko tIna-tIna bAra (SaTapurima va navakhoTaka ) dakhanA caahie| yadi phira bhI jIva usameM raha jAe to hAtha se nikAlakara jIva kI rakSA karanI caahie| isa taraha sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kI gaI pratilekhanA evaM pramArjanA prazasta kahalAtI hai aura asAvadhAnIpUrvaka kI gaI pratilekhanA va pramArjanA aprazasta kahalAtI hai| grantha meM aprazasta pratilekhanA ke kucha prakAra batalAe gae haiM jinakA tyAga Avazyaka hai / aprazasta pratilekhanA ke kucha prakAra ye haiM :2 1. ArabhaTA ( pratilekhyamAna vastra kI pUrNa pratilekhanA kie binA hI bIca meM dUsare vastra kI pratilekhanA karane laganA ), 2. sammardA ( vastra ke kone ko pakar3akara yA usake Upara baiThakara pratilekhanA karanA ), 3. mosalI ( vastra ko dIvAla Adi ke sahAre se Upara, nIce va tirache karake pratilekhanA karanA ), 4. prasphoTanA ( vastra ko jora se phaTakAranA ), 5. vikSiptA ( pratilekhanAM kie hae aura pratilekhanA binA kie hue vastroM ko milA denA), 6. vedikA ( jAnu ke Upara, nIce, tirache evaM 1. uDDhe thiraM aturiyaM puvvaM tA vatthameva pddilehe| to biiyaM papphoDe taiyaM ca puNo pamajjijja / / aNaccAviyaM avaliyaM aNANubaMdhimamosali ceva / chappurimA nava khoDA pANIpANivisohaNaM / / -u0 26.24-25. tathA dekhie-zramaNasUtra, pR0 406-410. 2. ArabhaDA sammadA vajjeyavvA ya mosalI taiyA / papphoDaNA ca utthI vikkhitA veiyA chaTThI / / pasiDhilapalaMbalolA egAmosA aNe gruuvdhunnaa| kuNai pamANe pamAyaM saMkiyagaNaNovagaM kujjA / / -u0 26.26-27. paDilehaNa kuNaM to miho kahaM kuNai jaNavayakahaM vA / dei va paccakkhANaM vAei sayaM paDicchai vA / / -u0 26.26. For Personal & Private Use Only

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298] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana madhya bhAga meM vastra ko rakhakara pratilekhanA karanA ), 7. prazithila ( vastra ko zithilatA se pakar3a nA ), 8. pralamba (vastra ke eka kone ko pakar3akara zeSa bhAga ko pralambamAna rakhanA ), 6. lola ( vastra kA jamIna para laTakate rahanA ), 10. ekAmarSA ( vastra ko ghasITanA ), 11. anekarUpadhUnA ( aneka prakAra se vastra ko hilAnA ), 12. pramANa-pramAda ( pratilekhanA ke pramANa meM pramAda karanA ), 13. zaGkite gaNanopayogaH ( kitanI bAra pratilekhanA, ho cakI hai isa prakAra ke pramANa meM zaGkA ho jAne para puna: aMguliyoM para ginane laganA ), 14. adattacitta ( pratilekhanA karate samaya vArtAlApa, kathA, nityakarma, paThana-pAThana Adi meM dhyAna ko lagAnA ) aura 15. nyUnAdhika ( kisI aMza meM kama va adhika bAra pratilekhanA karanA ) / isa taraha kama, adhika evaM viparIta pratilekhanA na karate hue zAstrokta vidhi se hI pratilekhanA karanA prazasta hai aura anya saba aprazasta haiN| ataH prazasta pratilekhanA ke lie saba prakAra kI sAvadhAnI jarUrI hai jisase na to jIvoM kI hiMsA ho aura na zAstrokta vidhi meM pramAda ho / ' 5. uccArasamiti-mala ( uccAra ), mUtra ( prasravaNa ) Adi ( mukha kA maila, nAka kA maila, zarIra kI gandagI, pheMkane yogya AhAra, upayogahIna upakaraNa, mRta zarIra Adi ) pheMkane yogya padArthoM ko vidhipUrvaka pheMkane yogya ( vyutsarjana yogya ) ekAnta bhUmi meM tyAganA uccArasamiti hai / 2 arthAt mala-bhUtrAdi tyAgane yogya ghaNita padArthoM ko aise sthAna para chor3a nA jisase na to jIvoM kI hiMsA ho aura na kisI ko usase ghRNA ho / 1. aNUNAirittapaDilehA avivaccAsA taheva ya / paDhamaM payaM pasatthaM sesANi u appstthaaii|| --- u0 26.28. 2. uccAraM pAsavaNaM khelaM siMghANajalliyaM / AhAraM uvahiM dehaM annaM vAvi tahAvihaM / / --u0 24.15. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 266 vyutsarjana ke yogya ( sthaNDila ) bhUmi-tyAjya padArthoM ke pheMkane yogya sthAna isa prakAra kA honA cAhiye : 1. AvAgamana se sarvathA zanya (jahA~ para na to koI A rahA ho aura na koI dUra se dekha rahA ho-anApAtaasaMloka / isake atirikta aisA bhI na ho ki koI AtA to na ho parantu dUra se dekha rahA ho-anApAta saMloka; yA A to rahA ho parantu dekhatA na ho--ApAta asaMloka; yA AtA bhI ho aura dekha bhI rahA ho-ApAta saMloka / isa taraha AvAgamana se sarvathA zUnya sthAna honA cAhie), 2. jahA~ kSadra jIvAdi kI bhI hiMsA saMbhava na ho, 3. sama ho ( U~cInIcI na ho ), 4. tRNAdi se AcchAdita na ho, 5. adhika samaya pahale acitta kie gae sthAna meM jIvAdi kI utpatti saMbhava hone se jisa sthAna ko kucha samaya pUrva hI acitta kiyA gayA ho, 6. vistRta ho, 7. bahuta nIce taka acitta ho, 8 grAmAdi ke samIpa na ho, 6. chidrarahita ho aura 10. trasa jIva evaM aGkarotpAdaka zAlyAdi ke bIja se rahita ho|| ___ isa taraha ye pA~coM prakAra kI samitiyAM sAdhu ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka sadAcAra meM pravRtti karane kI zikSA detI haiN| jIvoM kI hiMsA na ho aura ahiMsAdi vratoM kA ThIka se pAlana kiyA jA sake isake liye hI ina samitiyoM kA aura isake sAtha hI guptiyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / grantha meM samitivAle sAdhu kA lakSaNa batalAte hae kahA hai ki jo kisI ke prANoM kA vighAta nahIM karatA hai tathA unakI rakSA karane meM tatpara rahatA hai vaha samitivAlA kahalAtA hai| usake pAsa pApa karma usI prakAra nahIM Thaharate haiM jisa prakAra uccasthAna meM jala nahIM ThaharatA 1. aNAvAyamasaMloe aNAvAe ceva hoi saMloe / AvAyamasaMloe AvAe ceva saMloe / aNAvAyamasaMloe parassaNuvaghAie / same ajjhasire yAvi acirakAlakayammi ya // vicchiNNe dUramogADhe nAsanne bilvjjie| tasapANabIyarahie uccArAINi vosire // -u0 24.16-18. For Personal & Private Use Only

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300 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana hai / samitivAle sAdhu kA saMsAra-bhramaNa ruka jAtA hai aura samiti se rahita sAdhu saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai|' isa taraha gupti aura samitirUpa ATha pravacanamAtAe~ mahAvratoM ke rakSaNa meM tathA mukti- . . mArga ke prApta karAne meM pramukha hetu haiM / jaTa-Avazyaka vaidika saMskRti meM jisa prakAra brAhmaNa ko prAtaHkAla evaM ... saMdhyAkAla meM sandhyAvandanA Adi nityakarma karane par3ate haiM usI prakAra jaina sAdhu ko bhI sAmAyika Adi chaH nityakarma karane par3ate haiM / avazya karaNIya nityakarma hone se inheM 'Avazyaka' kahA jAtA hai| ina chaH AvazyakoM ke nAmAdi isa prakAra haiM / 1. samatAbhAva rakhanA ( sAmAyika ), 2. caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti karanA (caturvizatistava), 3. guru kI vandanA (vandana), 4. sadAcAra meM lage hue doSoM kA prAyazcitta karanA (pratikramaNa), 5. citta ko ekAgra karake zarIra se mamatva haTAnA (kAyotsarga) aura 6. AhAra Adi kA tyAga karanA (prtyaakhyaan)| 1. sAmAyika Avazyaka-sam +Aya+ika = sAmAyika arthAt rAgadveSa se rahita hokara samatAbhAva meM sthira honaa| isase jIva saba prakAra kI pApAtmaka pravRttiyoM (sAvadya-yoga) se virakta ho 1. AuttayA jassa na atyi kAvi iriyAi bhAsAi tahesaNAe / AyANanikkhevadugaMchaNAe na vIrajAyaM aNujAI maggaM / / -u0 20.40. pANe ya nAivAejjA se samIya tti vuccaI tAI / tao se pAvayaM kamma nijjAi udagaM va thalAo / / -u0 8.6. tathA dekhie-u0 12. 17; 31.7; 34.31. 2. avazyaM kartavyaM AvazyakaM, zramaNAdibhiravazyaM ubhayakAlaM kriyate / -~Avazyaka sUtra, malayagiri-TIkA, pR0 86, tathA dekhie----mUlAcAra, adhikAra 7; zramaNasUtra, pR0 83-85. 3. u0 26.8-13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra jAtA hai / ' jinabhadra ne sAmAyika ko caudaha pUrvo (jinavANI) kA sAra batalAyA hai|2 / 2. caturviMzatistava Avazyaka-jainadharma ke pravartaka caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM evaM siddhoM kI stuti karanA caturviMzatistava Avazyaka hai| isase jIva darzana kI vizuddhi karatA hai| isa Avazyaka meM jo jaina tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unake guNoM kA cintana karake apanI antazcetanA ko jAgrata karanA cAhie kyoMki jaina tIrthaGkara vItarAga hone ke kAraNa upAsaka kA kisI prakAra kA upakAra nahIM karate haiN| . 3. vandana Avazyaka-guru kA abhivAdana karanA vandana Avazyaka hai| yadi guru upasthita na ho to unakA mana meM saMkalpa karake abhivAdana kara lenA caahie| grantha meM pratyeka 'Avazyaka' ke pahale aura bAda meM guru kI vandanA avazyakaraNIya batalAI gaI hai|4 isa vandana Avazyaka kA phala batalAte hue likhA hai-'guru-vandanA se jIva nIcagotra karma kA kSaya karake uccagotra karma kA bandha karatA hai aura apratihata saubhAgyavAlA tathA saphala AjJAvAlA hotA huA sarvatra Adara prApta karatA hai / 1. sAmAieNaM sAvajjajogaviraiM jaNayai / -u0 26.8. 2. sAmAiyaM saMkhevo codasaputvapiMDotti / -vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 2766. 3. cauvvIsatthaeNaM daMsaNavisohi jaNayai / -u0 26.6. .. tathA dekhie-Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1076. thayathuimaMgaleNa nANadasaNacaritta bohilAbhaM jaNayaha / " "yaNaM jIve aMtakiriyaM kappavimANovavattiyaM ArAhaNaM aaraahei| -u0 26.14. 4. dekhie-saamaacaarii| 5. vaMdaNaeNaM nIyAgoyaM kamma khavei / uccAgoyaM kamma nibaMdhai / sohaggaM ca NaM apaDihayaM ANAphalaM nivvattei / dAhiNabhAvaM ca NaM jaNayai / -u0 26.10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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302 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 4. pratikramaNa Avazyaka - prati' upasargapUrvaka gamanArthaka 'krama' dhAtu se pratikramaNa zabda banA hai / isakA artha hai - pratikUla pAdanikSepa arthAt sadoSa AcaraNa meM jitane Age bar3ha gae the utane hI pIche haTakara svasthAna para jAnA / ataH pratikramaNa kA artha huA - doSoM kA prAyazcitta ( pazcAttApa) karanA / yaha pratikramaNa prAta:kAla tathA sAyaMkAla to kiyA hI jAtA hai, isake atirikta dainika choTI se choTI kriyA karane para tathA vizeSa avasaroM para bhI kiyA jAtA hai / isake phala kA varNana karate hue grantha meM likhA hai'pratikramaNa se jIva vratoM ke chidroM (doSoM) ko dUra karatA hai, phira zuddhavratadhArI hokara karmAsravoM ko rokatA huA tathA ATha pravacanamAtAoM meM sAvadhAna hotA huA vizuddha cAritra ko prApta karake saMyama meM vicaraNa karatA hai / ' yaha pratikramaNa Avazyaka prAyazcitta tapa kA eka bhedavizeSa hai jisakA Age tapa ke prakaraNa meM varNana kiyA jaaegaa| pratikramaNa eka choTA prAyazcitta hai aura yaha 'merA pApa mithyA ho' (micchAmi dukkaDaM ) itanA kahane mAtra se pUrA ho jAtA hai / arthAt svayaM ke doSa ko svayaM se kahakara AtmanindA karanA / isa AtmanindArUpa pazcAttApa se jIva kSapakazreNI ( karaNaguNazreNI ) 4 ko prApta karatA huA mohanIya karma kA kSaya kara detA hai / " pratikramaNa kA jainazAstroM meM bahuta mahattva hai / isIliye samasta Avazyaka kriyA ko 'pratikramaNa' zabda se bhI kahA jAtA hai / 1. pratIyaM kramaNaM pratikramaNaM, ayamartha: zubhayogebhyo'zubhayogAntaraM krAntasya zubheSu eva kramaNAtpratIyaM kramaNam / - hemacandrakRta yogazAstra- svopajJavRtti, tRtIya prakAza / 2. dekhie - sAmAcArI; Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 1244. 3. paDikkamaNeNaM vayachiddANi vihe / pihiyavayachidde puNa jIve niruddhAsave asabalacaritte aTTasu pavayaNamAyAsu uvautte apuhatte suppaNihie viharai / - u0 26.11. 4. dekhie - pR0 233, pA0 Ti0 1. 5. u0 26.6. 6. dekhie - zramaNasUtra, pR0 209 - 210. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [303 5. kAyotsarga Avazyaka-isameM do zabda haiM -kAya aura utsrg| inakA artha hai-zarIra kA tyAga karanA arthAta zarIra se mamatva ko chor3akara tathA sva-svarUpa meM lIna hokara nizcala honA kAyotsarga hai| yaha bhI eka prakAra kA tapa hai jisakA Age varNana kiyA jaaegaa| kAyotsarga se sAdhaka pratikramaNa kI taraha atIta evaM vartamAna ke doSoM kA zodhana karatA hai, phira prAyazcitta se vizuddha hokara karmabhAra ko halkA kara detA hai| tadanantara vaha cintArahita hokara zubha ( prazasta ) dhyAna meM lagA huA sukhapUrvaka vicaraNa karatA hai| ataH isa kAyotsarga ko saba prakAra ke duHkhoM se chur3AnevAlA bhI kahA gayA hai| sAmAyika aura kAyotsarga meM yaha antara hai ki sAmAyika meM sAdhu halana-calanAdi kriyA kara sakatA hai parantu kAyotsarga meM halana-calana nahIM kara sakatA hai| 6. pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka-pratyAkhyAna zabda kA artha hai-parityAga krnaa| yadyapi sAdhu sarvavirata hotA hai phira bhI AhArAdi kA amuka samayavizeSa ke lie tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka hai / isake karane se mana, vacana aura kAya kI dUSita pravRttiyA~ ruka jAtI haiM aura phira karmoM kA AsravadvAra bhI banda ho jAtA hai| grantha ke 'samyaktva-parAkrama' adhyayana meM kucha pratyAkhyAnoM ke pAlana karane kA phala batalAyA gayA hai| jaise : ka. saMbhoga pratyAkhyAna - sAdhuoM ke dvArA ekatrita kiye gae bhojana ko ekasAtha maNDalIbaddha baiThakara khAne kA tyAga krnaa| 1. kAussaggeNaM tIyapar3appannaM pAyacchittaM visohei| visuddhapAyacchitte ya .. jIve mivvuyahiyae ohariyabharuvva bhAravahe pasatthajjhANovagae suhaM - suheNaM viharai / -u0 26.12. 2. kAussaggaM tao kujjA savvadukkhavimokkhaNaM / -u0 26.36. tathA dekhie-u0 26.42. 3. paccakkhANeNaM AsavadArAI niru bhi| -u0 26.13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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.304 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana isase jIva svAvalambI ho jAtA hai aura phira apane lAbha se hI saMtuSTa rahatA hai|' kha. upadhi pratyAkhyAna-vastrAdi upakaraNoM kA tyAga krnaa| isase svAdhyAya Adi ke karane meM nirvighnatA kI prApti hotI hai tathA AkAMkSArahita hone se vastrAdi ke mAMgane, unakI rakSA karane Adi kA kaSTa nahIM hotA hai / ___ ga. AhAra pratyAkhyAna-AhAra kA tyAga karane se jIvana ke prati mamatva nahIM rahatA hai aura nirmamatva ho jAne para AhAra ke binA bhI use kisI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM hotA hai| gha. yoga pratyAkhyAna -mana, vacana aura kAyasambandhI pravRtti (yoga) ko rokanA yoga pratyAkhyAna hai| isase jIva jIvanmukta (ayogI) kI avasthA ko prApta karatA hai tathA navIna karmoM kA bandha na karatA huA pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai / Ga. sadabhAva pratyAkhyAna-isakA artha hai-sabhI prakAra kI pravRtti ko tyAgakara pUrNa vItarAgatA kI avasthA ko prApta krnaa| isase jIva saba prakAra ke karmoM ko naSTa karake mukta ho jAtA hai| 1. saMbhogapaccakkhANeNaM AlaMbaNAI khavei / 'saeNaM lAbheNaM saMtussai paralAbhaM no AsAdei / . -u0 26.33. 2. niruvahie NaM jIve nikkaMkhI uvahi maMtareNa ya na sNkilissii| -u0 26.34. 3. AhArapaccakkhANeNaM jIviyAsaMsappaogaM vocchiNdi| -u0 26.35. 4. jogapaccakkhANeNaM ajogattaM jaNayai / ajogI NaM jIve navaM kammaM na ___ baMdhai, puvvabaddhaM nijjarei / -u0 26.37. 5. sabbhAvapaccakkhANeNaM aNiyaTTi jaNayai savvadukkhANamaMtaM karei / -u0 26.41. tathA dekhie-u0 26.42,45 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [305 ca. zarIra pratyAkhyAna-isakA artha hai-zarIra se mamatva httaanaa| saMsArI avasthA meM jIva hara samaya kisI na kisI prakAra ke zarIra se yukta rahatA hai aura jaba vaha zarIra kA pratyAkhyAna kara detA hai to azarIrI siddha avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai|' ___ cha. sahAya pratyAkhyAna-apane kArya meM kisI kI sahAyatA na lenA sahAya pratyAkhyAna hai| isase jIva ekatvabhAva ko prApta karatA hai| ekatvabhAva prApta kara lene para vaha alpa zabdavAlA, alpa kalahavAlA aura alpa kaSAyavAlA hotA huA saMyamabahula, saMvarabahula aura samAdhibahula ho jAtA hai / 2 / ja. kaSAya pratyAkhyAna- yadyapi sAdhu sAmAnyatayA rAgadveSarUpa kaSAya se rahita hotA hai phira bhI rAgadveSa kA prasaGga Ane para saMyama se cyuta na honA arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM ko jItanA kaSAya pratyAkhyAna hai| isase sAdhaka tattat karmoM kA bandha nahIM karatA huA pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karake kramazaH kSamA, mRdutA, RjutA evaM nirlobhatA ko prApta kara letA hai / kSamA se saba prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karatA hai| mArdava ( mRdutA ) se abhimAnarahita hokara mada ke ATha sthAnoM kA kSaya kara detA hai| Arjava ( RjutA.) se sarala prakRti kA hokara dharma kA pAlana karatA hai| nirlobhatA se akiJcanabhAva ( aparigrahapanA ) ko prApta karake viSayoM se aprArthanIya ( lubhAyA na jAne vAlA ) ho jAtA hai| isa taraha ina kaSAyoM para vijaya pAne se vItarAgatA kI prApti hotI hai| vItarAga puruSa sukha aura duHkha meM samAna sthitivAlA hotA hai| use manojJAmanojJa viSayoM ke prati mamatva yA dveSa nahIM rahatA hai|4 . 1. sarIrapaccakkhANeNaM siddhAi sayaguNattaNaM nivvattei / -u0 26.38. 2. sahAyapaccakkhANeNaM egIbhAva jaNayai"saMvarabahule samAhie yAvi bhavai / -u0 26.36. 3. u0 26.67-70. 4. kasAyapaccakkhANeNaM vIyarAyabhAvaM jaNayai"""samasuhadukkhe bhvi| -u0 26.36. - tathA dekhie-u0 26.45-46;6.57-58,31.3,7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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306 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana ___ isa taraha grantha meM kucha pratyAkhyAnoM ke prakAra aura unake phala batalAe gae haiN| isI taraha pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka ke anya prakAra samajha lene caahie|' uparyakta sAmAyika Adi chaH AvazyakoM ke hI nAma anuyogadvAra meM prakArAntara se milate haiM jinase inake svarUpa para prakAza par3atA hai| unake kramazaH nAma ye haiM :2. 1. sAvadyayogavirati (sAmAyika), 2. utkIrtana ( caturviMzatistava ), 3. guNavatpratipatti ( vandana ), 4. skhalitanindanA ( pratikramaNa ), 5. vraNacikitsA (kAyotsarga) aura 6 guNadhAraNa (pratyAkhyAna ) / 'Avazyaka' nAmaka eka sUtragrantha bhI hai jisameM ina cha: AvazyakoM kA hI vizeSa varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina chaH AvazyakoM ke atirikta eka Avazyaka kriyA aura hai jisakA nAma hai vastrAdika kI pratilekhanA evaM prmaarjnaa| yaha pratikramaNa Avazyaka meM hI gatArtha hai| ina cha: nityakarmoM kI Avazyaka saMjJA rUr3ha hai, anyathA grantha meM sAdhu ke anya bhI nityakarma batalAe gae haiM jinakA spaSTIkaraNa Age batalAI jAnevAlI sAdhu kI dina evaM rAtricaryA se ho jaaegaa| vastutaH ye chaH Avazyaka yA nityakarma sAdhu ke sAmAnya nityakarma haiM aura adhyayana, manana Adi vizeSa kArya haiN| sAmAcArI pratidina sAdhu ko jisa prakAra kA AcaraNa karanA par3atA hai use 'sAmAcArI' kahA gayA hai| sAmAcArI zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai-samyakcaryA yA AcaraNa / grantha meM sAmAcArI ke dasa 1. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-bhagavatIsUtra 7.2. 2. sAvajjajogaviraI ukkittaNa guNavaoya paDivattI / khalicassa niMdaNA vaNatigiccha guNadhAraNA ceva // -anuyogadvAra, pR0 30. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra aGga batalAe gae haiM jinakA pAlana karane se sAdhu saMsArarUpI samudra se pAra utara jAtA hai|' sAmAcArI ke dasa aGga : saMsArarUpI samudra se pAra utAranevAlI sAmAcArI ke dasa aGga isa prakAra haiM :2 1. AvazyakI- nivAsa-sthAna ( upAzraya ) se bAhara jAte samaya Avazyaka kArya se bAhara jA rahA hU~ etadartha 'AvassahI' aisA khnaa| 2. naSedhikI- bAhara se upAzraya ke andara Ate samaya 'nisihI' aisA khnaa| ___3. ApRcchanA - guru Adi se apanA kArya karane ke lie pUchanA yA AjJA lenaa| 4. pratipRcchanA-dUsare ke kArya ke lie guru se puuchnaa| 5. chandanA - bhikSA ke dvArA prApta dravya sarmiyoM ko dene ke lie Amantrita krnaa| 6. icchAkAra-guru Adi kI icchA ko jAnakara tadanukUla kArya krnaa| 7. mithyAkAra-koI aparAdha ho jAne para apanI nindA karanA / 8. tathAkAra - guru ke vacanoM ko sunakara tahatti' (jaisI ApakI AjJA ) aisA kahakara Adeza ko svIkAra krnaa| 6. abhyutthAna-sevAyogya guru Adi kI sevA-zuzrUSA karanA / 10. upasampadA-jJAnAdi kI prApti ke liye kisI anya guru kI zaraNa meM jaanaa| 1. sAmAyAri pavakkhAmi savvadukkhavimokkhaNi / je carittANa niggaMthA tiNNA saMsArasAgaraM // -u0 26.1. tathA dekhie-u0 26.53. 2. paDhamA AvassiyA nAma biiyA ya nisIhiyA / evaM dupaMcasaMjuttA sAmAyArI paveiyA // -u0 26.2.7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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308 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana / vaTTakerakRta digambara grantha mUlAcAra meM tathA zvetAmbara grantha bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI inhIM dasa avayavoMvAlI sAmAcArI kA varNana milatA hai / ' prakRta grantha meM sAmAnya rUpa se sAmAcArI ke 10 avayavoM ke varNana ke sAtha sAdhu ke dina evaM rAtri ke sAmAnya kAryoM kA bhI samayavibhAga ke anusAra varNana milatA hai / dinacaryA evaM rAtricaryA : sAdha ko sarvaprathama dina evaM rAtri ko samAnarUpa se cAra-cAra' bhAgoM meM bA~Ta lenA caahie| isake bAda pratyeka bhAga meM apaneapane kartavyoM ( uttaraguNoM ) kA pAlana karanA cAhiye / 2 grantha meM pratyeka bhAga ko pauruSI ( prahara ) zabda se kahA gayA hai| pratyeka prahara meM kie jAne vAle sAdhu ke sAmAnya karttavya isa prakAra haiM :4 dina kA prathama prahara-yaha sAmAnyataH svAdhyAya ( adhyayana ) kA samaya hai| isa prahara ke Adi ke caturtha bhAga meM vastra, pAtra 1. icchAmicchAkAro tthaakaaroyaasiaannisihii| , ApucchApaDipucchAchaMdaNasaNimaMtaNAya u vasaMpA / / - mUlAcAra, adhikAra 4.125, dasavihA sAmAyArI pannatA taM jhaa"'"| . -bhagavatI, 25.7.101. 2. divasassa cauro bhAge bhikkhU kujjA viyakkhaNo / tao uttaraguNe kujjA diNabhAgesu ca usu vi / / -u026.11. tathA dekhie-u0 26.17. 3. u0 26.13-16,16-20. 4. paDhama porisi sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyAyaI / taiyAe bhikkhAyariyaM puNo ca utthIi sajjhAyaM // -u0 26.12. paDhamaM porisi sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii| taiyAe niddamokkhaM tu cau tyI bhujjo vi sajjhAyaM // -30 26.18. tathA dekhie-u0 26.36-52. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 304 (bhANDa )Adi kI pratilekhanA kare, phira guru ko namaskAra karake pUche ki 'he bhadanta ! maiM svAdhyAya karUM yA vaiyAvRtya ( sevAzuzrUSA )', phira guru jisakI AjJA deveM usI kA glAnirahita hokara pAlana kre| dina kA dvitIya prahara-isameM sAdhu citta ko ekAgra karake dhyAna kare / isa dhyAna kA varNana Age tapazcaryA meM kiyA jaaegaa| dina kA tRtIya prahara-isameM sAdhu bhojana-pAna ( AhAra ) kI gaveSaNArtha gRhasthoM ke ghara jAe aura gRhastha se prApta AhAra kA upabhoga kre| bhikSArtha jAte samaya apane pAtroM kI punaH pratilekhanA kara lenA cAhiye tathA bhikSA ke liye paramArddha-yojanapramANa ( do kroza-AdhA yojana ) kSetra taka hI jAnA caahie| dina kA caturtha prahara-isa prahara meM sAdhu punaH svAdhyAya kare / jaba isa prahara kA caturthAMza zeSa raha jAe ( karIba 45 minaTa ) to guru kI vandanA kare, phira zayyA evaM 'uccArabhUmi' ( mala-mUtrAdi ke tyAgane kA sthAna) kI pratilekhanA karake jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM lage hue dinasambandhI aticAroM ( doSoM) kA cintana karatA huA guruvandanA, kAyotsarga, stutimaGgala ( caturvizatistava ), pratikramaNa Adi AvazyakoM ko kre| guru-vandanA prAyaH pratyeka Avazyaka-kriyA ke bAda karanI par3atI hai| rAtri kA prathama prahara-isa prahara meM sAdhu punaH svAdhyAya kre| rAtri kA dvitIya prahara-isameM dina ke dvitIya prahara kI taraha hI dhyAna kre| rAtri kA tatIya prahara-isameM nidrA kA tyAga kare arthAta isa prahara meM nidrA lene ke bAda prahara ke anta meM jAga jaae| yadyapi grantha meM sAkSAt nidrA lene kA kathana nahIM kiyA gayA hai parantu nidrA kA tyAga binA nidrA ke sambhava nahIM hai| nidrA ke pramAdarUpa hone 1. veyAvacce niutteNa kAyavvaM agilaayo| sajjhAe vA niutteNa savvadukkhaviyokkhaNe / / -u0 26. 10. tathA dekhie-u0 26.8-6,12,21-22. For Personal & Private Use Only

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310 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana se sAkSAt nidrA kA kathana na karake nidrAtyAga kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / zarIra kI svasthatA tathA svAdhyAya Adi karane ke liye bhI nidrA Avazyaka hai / rAtri kA caturtha prahara - isameM rAtrisambandhI pratilekhanA karake mukhyarUpa se punaH svAdhyAya kare / svAdhyAya karate samaya gRhasthoM ko na jagAe / jaba isa prahara kA caturthAMza zeSa raha jAe to guru kI vandanA karake prAtaHkAlasambandhI pratilekhanA kare, phira jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa meM lage hue rAtrisambandhI doSoM kA cintana karatA huA guru-vandanA, kAyotsarga, jinendrastuti, pratikramaNa Adi AvazyakoM ko kare / isake bAda punaH agale dina kI kriyAoM meM pUrvavat pravRtti kare / isa taraha yahA~ sAdhu kI dina evaM rAtricaryA ke sAtha dasa avayavoMvAlI sAmAcArI kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha sAmAnya apekSA se hai kyoki isameM samayAnusAra parivartana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / ' vasati yA upAzraya sAdhu ke Thaharane ke sthAna ko vasati yA upAzraya kahA jAtA hai| ye upAzraya prAyaH nagara ke bAhara udyAna Adi ke rUpa meM hote the / sAdhu ko kisI eka nizcita upAzraya meM hamezA Thahare rahane kA Adeza nahIM hai apitu unake lie hamezA ( varSAkAla ko chor3akara) eka grAma se dUsare grAma meM indriyanigrahapUrvaka vicaraNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai / sAdhu ke Thaharane ke sthAna ke artha meM upAzraya ke 1 : vizeSa ke lie dekhie - dazAzrutaskandha ( AcAradazA), paryuSaNA kalpa; kalpasUtra, sAmAcArI prakaraNa / 2. iMdiyaggA maniggAhI maggagAmI mahAmunI / gAmA gAmaM yaMte patto vANAsi puri // Narrate bahiyA ujjANammi maNorame / phAsue sejjasaMthAre tattha vAsanuvAgae || tathA dekhie - u0 23.3-4,7-8. - u0 25.2-3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 311 atirikta zayayA zabda kA bhI prayoga milatA hai|' zayayA zabda kA artha hai-jahA~ para vistara bichAyA jA sake aisA sthAna / AcArAGga sUtra meM bhI isI artha meM 'zayyaiSaNA' nAmaka adhyayana milatA hai| nivAsayogya bhUmi kaisI ho? __ prakRta grantha meM sAdhu ke nivAsayogya bhUmi (upAzraya) ke viSaya meM jo saMketa milate haiM ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. jo ramaNIya evaM susajjita na ho- mana ko lubhAnevAlA, citroM se suzobhita, puSpamAlAoM evaM agaracandanAdi sugandhita dravyoM se suvAsita, sundara vastroM se susajjita evaM sundara daravAjoM se yukta upAzraya sAdhu ke nivAsa ke yogya nahIM hai kyoMki aise upAzraya meM rahane se bhogoM meM Asakti bar3hatI hai aura phira indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / __2. jo strI, pazu Adi se saMkIrNa na ho-strI, pazu Adi ke AvAgamana se saMkIrNa sthAna meM nivAsa karane para unakI kAmaceSTAe~ Adi dekhane va sunane se brahmacarya vrata ke pAlana karane meM bAdhA AtI hai| ataH sAdhu ko strI, pazu Adi ke AvAgamana se rahita sthAna meM hI ThaharanA caahie| 1. vhii| 2. AcArAGga, 2.1.2. 3. maNoharaM cittagharaM malladhUveNa vAsiyaM / sakavADaM paMDurulloyaM maNasAvi na patthae / / iMdiyANi u bhikkhussa tArisammi u vassae / dukkarAI nivAreuM kAmarAga vivaDDhaNe / / -u0 35.4-5. 4. phAsuyammi aNAbAhe itthIhi aNabhida due| tattha saMkappae vAsaM bhikkhU paramasaMjae / -u035.7. tathA dekhie-u0 30.28. For Personal & Private Use Only

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312] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 3. jahA~ jIvAdi ke utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA na ho-yadi vahA~ kSadra jIvoM ke utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA hogI to ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana karane meM bAdhA pdd'egii| ataH jahA~ kSadra jIvoM ke utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA na ho vahI sthAna sAdhu ke Thaharane ke upayukta hai|' 4. jo gobara Adi se upalipta na ho tathA bIjAdi se rahita ho-sAdha ke nimitta se usa sthAna ko lIpa-potakara sApha na kiyA gayA ho tathA aMkurotpAdaka bIjoM se AkIrNa bhI na ho / isase bhinna upAzraya meM Thaharane se sAdhu hiMsA ke doSoM kA bhAgI hotA hai / ataH jisa upAzraya ko sAdhu ke nimitta se lIpa-potakara sApha na kiyA gayA ho aise hI upAzraya meM sAdhu Thahare / 2 isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki vaha sthAna gandA ho apitu vaha sApha-sutharA to ho parantu sAdhu ke nimitta se use sApha na kiyA gayA ho| 5. jo ekAnta ho-jo nagara evaM gRhasthAdi ke ghaniSTha samparka se rahita zmazAna, udyAna, zUnyagRha, vRkSa, latAmaNDapa kA talabhAga Adi ekAntasthala ho / sAdhviyoM ke viSaya meM bRhatkalpa ke dvitIya uddeza meM likhA hai ki sAdhviyAM dharmazAlA ( AgamanagRha ), TUTA-phUTA makAna ( vikRti-gRha ), vRkSamUla aura khule AkAza ( abhrAvakAza ) meM na rheN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki aise ekAnta sthAnoM para sAdhviyoM ke sAtha puruSoM ke dvArA balAtkAra kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| 6. jo parakRta ho-jo upAzraya sAdhu ke nimitta se banAyA gayA na ho / arthAt jise gRhastha ne svayaM ke upayoga ke liye 1. vahI tathA pR0 310, pA0 Ti0 2. 2. vivittalayaNAI bhaijjatAI nirovalevAiM asaMthaDAiM / -u0 21.22. 3. susANe sunnagAre vA rukkhamUle va ikko| pairikke parakaDe vA vAsaM tatthAbhiroyae / -u0 35.6. tathA dekhie-u0 2.20,18.4-5; 20.4; 23.4,25.3. 4. vhii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [313 banAyA ho kyoMki sAdhu ke nimitta se upAzraya ke banAne para sAdhu ko hiMsAdi doSa kA bhAgI bananA pdd'egaa| isa taraha sAdhu susajjita, ramaNIya, strI Adi se saMkIrNa tathA jIvAdi kI utpatti kI sambhAvanA se yukta sthAna para na rahakara nagara se bAhara ekAnta araNya Adi meM rhe| aisA ekAnta sthAna hI sAdha ke Thaharane ke liye upayukta hai| isase ahiMsA Adi vratoM kA pAlana karane meM suvidhA rahatI hai| ataH jaise sthAna meM rahane se vratoM kA pAlana karane meM bAdhA na Ae vahI sthAna sAdhu ke Thaharane ke liye ucita hai| grantha meM zayyA-parISaha ke prasaGga meM kahA hai ki sAdhu sthAna ke sama hone yA viSama hone para ghabar3Ae nahIM apitu sabhI prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karatA huA apane karttavyapatha para dar3ha rhe.|' isa prakAra ke ekAnta sthAna meM rahanA viviktazayanAsana ( saMlInatA ) nAmaka eka prakAra kA tapa bhI hai| AhAra bhojana ke binA koI bhI kArya karanA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki bhojana se hI indriyA~ puSTa hokara dekhane, sunane evaM vicAra karane ke sAmarthya ko prApta karatI haiN| ataH sAdhu ke lie dina kA tatIya prahara bhojana-pAna ke lie niyata kiyA gayA hai| bhojana kina paristhitiyoM meM karanA cAhie ? kina paristhitiyoM meM nahIM karanA cAhie ? kisa prakAra kA AhAra karanA cAhie ? Adi bAtoM kA yahAM vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| kina paristhitiyoM meM AhAra grahaNa kare : ___ mokSAbhilASI sAdhu nimnokta chaH kAraNoM ke upasthita hone para hI bhojana grahaNa kare : 1. dekhie-prakaraNa 5, zayyA parISaha / 2. dekhie-prakaraNa 5, tapazcaryA / / 3. veyaNa veyAvacce iriyaTThAe ya saMjamaTThAe / taha pANavattiyAe chaTheM puNa dhammaciMtAe / ___ -u0 26.33. tathA dekhie-u0 2.26; 6.14; 8.10.12; 12.35; 15.12; 25.39-40; 26.32; 31.8. For Personal & Private Use Only

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314 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 1. kSudhA-vedanA ko zAnti ke lie yadyapi sAdhu ke lie kSudhAparI-Sahajaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai parantu aisA vidhAna tapa karate samaya tathA niduSTa AhAra na milane kI avasthA ke lie hai, anyathA kSadhA kI vedanA se na to mana sthira ho sakatA hai aura na dekhane, sunane va dhyAna Adi ke karane kI sAmarthya hI prApta ho sakatI hai| ataH kSudhA-vedanA kI zAnti ke lie AhAra karanA caahie| 2. guru Adi kI sevA karane ke lie-guru kI sevA karanA eka prakAra kA tapa hai| yadi zarIra meM sAmarthya nahIM hogA to. garu kI sevA Adi kArya nahIM ho sakate haiN| ataH guru kI sevA karane ke lie AhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| 3. IryAsamiti kA pAlana karane ke lie- bhojana na karane para A~khoM kI jyoti kSINa ho jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM gamanAgamana karate samaya sAvadhAnI kaise vartI jA sakatI hai ? ataH gamanAdi kriyA karate samaya IryAsamiti kA pAlana karane ke lie bhI bhojana karanA Avazyaka hai| 4. saMyama kI rakSA ke lie-saMyama ke hone para hI saba prakAra ke vratoM ko dhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura saba prakAra ke upasargoM ( kaSToM) ko sahana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH sAdhu ko saMyama meM dRr3ha hokara hI bhikSA meM pravRtta hone kA Adeza hai| vastutaH sAdhu ko bhojana saMyamapAlana karane ke lie hI karanA caahie| ___5. jIvanarakSA ke lie - jIvana ke vartamAna rahane para hI saMyama Adi kA pAlana karanA saMbhava hai tathA jIvana (prANa) AhAra ke binA Thahara nahIM sakatA hai| ata: sAdhu ko jIvanarakSA ke lie nIrasa bhojana hI karane kA vidhAna hai| 6. dharmacintana ke lie-zAstroM kA adhyayana, manana, cintana Adi dhArmika-kriyAoM ko karane ke lie Avazyaka hai ki zarIra susthira rahe tathA kSudhA Adi kI vedanA na ho kyoMki zarIra ke zithila rahane para yA kSudhA se vyAkula hone para koI bhI cintana Adi dhArmika-kriyA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| ataH dhArmikakriyAoM ke karane ke lie bhI AhAra Avazyaka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 315 isa taraha sAdhu ina 6 paristhitiyoM ke maujUda rahane para hI AhAra grahaNa kre| ina sabake mUla meM saMyama kA pAlana karanA pradhAna kAraNa hai kyoMki saMyama kA pAlana na karane para vaiyAvatya, IryAsamiti evaM dharmacintana bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai| prANarakSA evaM kSadhA-vedanA kI zAnti bhI saMyama kI rakSA ke lie hI hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa AhAra na karane ke nimnokta kAraNoM se ho jAtA hai / kina paristhitiyoM meM AhAra grahaNa na kare : upayukta chahoM kAraNoM ke vartamAna rahane para bhI yadi nimnokta cha : kAraNoM meM se koI bhI eka kAraNa upasthita ho to sAdhu ko AhAra tyAga denA cAhie aura jaba taka AhAra na karane kA kAraNa dUra na ho jAe taba taka kisI bhI hAlata meM AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie, bhale hI prANoM kA tyAga kyoM na karanA par3e / AhAra na karane ke ve chaH kAraNa nimnokta haiM : 1 1. bhayaGkara roga ho jAne para- asAdhya roga ke ho jAne para AhAra yAMga denA caahie| jaba sAdhu ko rogAdi kI zAnti ke lie auSadhisevana kA bhI niSedha hai to phira aisI paristhiti meM AhAra grahaNa karane kI anumati kaise dI jA sakatI hai ? / 2. Akasmika saMkaTa (upasarga) A jAne para-kisI Akasmika vikaTa saMkaTa ke upasthita ho jAne para sAdhu ko saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kara denA cAhie / 3. brahmacaryavrata kI rakSA ke lie-yadi bhojana se indriyA~ pradIpta hokara kAmavAsanA kI ora jhukatI haiM to bhojana kA tyAga kara denA caahie| yahAM brahmacarya kI rakSA se saMyama kI rakSA abhipreta hai kyoMki AtmasaMyama ke abhAva meM hI brahmacarya se patana sambhava hai| 1. AyaMke uva sagge titikkhayA baMbhaceraguttIsu / pANidayA tavahe uM sarIravoccheya gaTThAe / -u0 26.35. 2. u0 16.76-77; 15.8. For Personal & Private Use Only

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316 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 4. jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie-yadi bhojana grahaNa karane se ahiMsA mahAvrata ke pAlana karane meM bAdhA AtI hai to bhojana kA tyAga kara . denA caahie| yaha kathana vizeSakara varSAkAla kI apekSA se hai kyoMki varSAkAla meM bahuta se kSudra jIvoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai aura sAdhu ke bhikSArtha jAte samaya unakI hiMsA ho jAtI hai| 5. tapa karane ke lie-anazana Adi tapa karane ke lie bhojana kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| tapa karanA bhI Avazyaka hai kyoMki ye... karmoM kI nirjarA meM pradhAna kAraNa haiM / 6. samatApUrvaka jIvana kA tyAga karane ( sallekhanA ) ke liematyu ke sannikaTa A jAne para nirmamatva-avasthA kI prApti ke lie saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| kisa prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa kare ? bhojana grahaNa karane ke pratikUla kAraNoM ke maujUda na rahane para aura anukala kAraNoM ke maujUda rahane para sAdhu ko kisa prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie ? isa viSaya meM grantha meM nimnokta saMketa milate haiM : 1. jo aneka gharoM se bhikSA dvArA mA~gakara lAyA gayA ho-sAdha bhikSA ke dvArA prApta anna kA hI sevana karatA hai| vaha bhikSAnna kevala kisI eka ghara se yA apane sambandhIjanoM ke yahAM se hI lAyA haA na ho apitu anindita kUla vAle ajJAta gharoM se thoDA-thoDA mA~gakara lAyA huA honA caahie| paristhitivizeSa meM vaha AhAra yajJa-maNDapa tathA choTe kula vAle ( prAntakUla ) gharoM se bhI lAyA jA sakatA hai / parantu kisI eka ghara se pUrA AhAra nahIM lAnA cAhie kyoMki aisA karane para gRhastha ko punaH bhojana banAnA par3egA jisase sAdha ke ahiMsAvata meM doSa hogaa|| 1. samuyANaM uddamesijjA jahAmuttamaNi diyaM / lAbhAlAbhammi saMtuTaThe piMDavAvaM care muNI / / -u0 3516. tathA dekhie--u0 14.26; 15.1 ; 17.16 ; 25.28. 2. u0 15.13, 25.5. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [317 2. jo gRhastha ne svayaM ke lie taiyAra kiyA ho (para-kRta)- yadi bhojana sAdhu ke nimitta se banAyA gayA hogA to sAdhu ko hiMsAdi kI anumati kA doSa lgegaa| yadi atithi ke nimitta se banAyA gayA hogA to atithi kA hissA kama ho jaaegaa| ataH jisa bhojana ko gRhastha ne svayaM ke lie taiyAra kiyA ho usI meM se thor3A sA leve tAki gRhastha bhUkhA bhI na rahe aura use punaH bhojana taiyAra karane kA prayatna bhI na karanA pdd'e| isa prakAra ke bhojana ko grantha meM 'parakRta' kahA gayA hai| isakA artha hai-para ( sAdha se itara gRhastha ) ke nimitta se banAyA gayA arthAt jise gahastha ne svayaM ke lie banAyA ho|' - 3. gRhastha ke bhojana kara cukane ke bAda jo zeSa bacA hogRhastha ke bhojana kara cukane ke bAda sAmAnyatayA pratyeka ghara meM eka-do roTiyAM baca jAtI haiN| ataH sAdha usa zeSAvazeSa anna ko hI leve jisase gRhastha na to bhUkhA rahe aura na use punaH bhojana banAne kA prayatna hI karanA pdd'e| isa viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie bhikSArtha yajJa maNDapa meM upasthita harike zivala muni ke zarIra meM praviSTa yakSa ke vacanoM ko uddhRta kara rahA hU~- 'maiM saMyata, brahmacArI, dhanasaMgraha evaM annAdi pakAne kI kriyA se virakta sAdha ( zramaNa ) huuN| para ke lie banAe gae AhAra kI prApti ke lie bhikSA lene ke samaya meM yahA~ para AyA hai| Apake pAsa yaha bahatasA bhojyAnna hai jise Apa bA~Ta rahe haiM, khA rahe haiM tathA upabhoga kara rahe haiN| mujhe bhikSA dvArA jIvana-yApana karanevAlA tapasvI samajheM tathA aisA jAnakara mujhe zeSAvazeSa anna deveM / 2 yadyapi jaina sAdhu isa .. 1. phAsuyaM parakaDaM piNddN| --u0 1.34. tathA dekhie-u0 12.6; 20.47. 2. samaNo ahaM saMjao baMbhayArI virao dhnnpynnpriggho| parappavittassa u bhikkhakAle annassa aTThA ihamAgao mi / / viyarijjai khajjai bhujjaI annaM pabhUyaM bhavayANameyaM / jANAhi me jAyaNajIviNu tti sesAvasesaM labhaU tavassI // -u0 12.6-10. tathA dekhie-u0 6.15. For Personal & Private Use Only

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318 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana taraha se bhikSAnna kI yAcanA nahIM karate haiM phira bhI yakSa ke mukha se jo aisA kahalAyA gayA hai usakA kAraNa hai-sAdhu ke AhAra grahaNa karane sambandhI viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa / / 4. jo nimantraNa Adi se prApta na ho-sAdha gahastha ke dvArA AmantraNa karane para prApta bhikSA na leve' kyoMki aisA AhAra lene para gRhastha sAdha ke nimitta pAcana kriyA karegA jisase sAdhu ko hiMsA kI anumati kA doSa lgegaa| isake atirikta jahAM para paMktibaddha hokara prItibhoja diyA jA rahA ho vahA~ bhI bhikSArtha khar3A na hove / harike zibala muni brAhmaNoM ke dvArA prArthanA karane para jo yajJAna ko grahaNa karate haiM vaha AmantraNapUrvaka liyA gayA AhAra nahIM hai kyoMki harikezibala bhikSA lene ke samaya yajJamaNDapa meM bhikSArtha jAte haiM aura vahAM para pahale se taiyAra kie gae bhojana ko brAhmaNoM para anugraha karane ke lie hI grahaNa karate haiN| ataH vahAM AmantraNajanya doSa nahIM hai| 5. jo sarasa evaM pramANa se adhika na ho-sAdhu ke lie saMyama nirvAhArtha hI bhojana grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai, rasanA-indriya kI santuSTi ke lie nhiiN| ataH sAdhu ko cAhie ki vaha sarasa AhAra kI abhilASA se jyAdA na ghume / use jo nIrasa AhAra mile usakA tiraskAra na karate hue use grahaNaM kre| isake atirikta sarasa AhAra grahaNa karane se indriyA~ kAmAdi bhogoM ke sevana ke lie uddIpta ho jAtI haiM jisase sAdha pakSIgaNoM se 1. uddesiyaM kIyagaDaM niyAgaM na muccaI kiMci aNesaNijja / aggI vivA savvabhakkhI bhavittA io cuo gacchai' kaTu pAvaM // -u0 20.47, 2. parivADIe na citttthjjaa| -30 2.32 3. u0 12.4-7,16,18-20,35. isI taraha jayaghoSa muni ke lie dekhie-u0 25.6,39-40. 4. dekhie-pR0 316, pA0 Ti0 1; u0 2.36, 8.11; 15.2,12; 18.30; 21.15; 23.58; 25.2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [316 pIDita susvAdu phalavAle vRkSa kI taraha pIr3ita hokara saMyama kI ArAdhanA nahIM kara pAtA hai|' pramANa se adhika bhojana karane se pracara indhanavAle vana meM utpanna haI dAvAgni kI taraha indriyA~ zAnta nahIM hotI haiM / 2 ataH sAdhu kA AhAra nIrasa evaM svalpa honA caahie| ___ sAdha ke jIvana-yApana ke lie nIrasa AhAra ke viSaya meM grantha meM kucha saMketa milate haiN| jaise : 1. svAdahIna (prAnta ), 2 ThaNDA ( zIta-piNDa ), 3. purAne ur3ada, mUga Adi ( purANakummAsa ), 4. maMga ke Upara kA chilakA ( vukkasa ), 5. zuSka canA Adi ( pulAga ), 6. bera kA cUrNa ( maMthu ), 7. zAka yA cAvala Adi kA ubalA huA pAnI ( AyAmaga ), 8. java kA bhAta ( yavodana ), 6. zItala kAjI ( sauvIra ), 10. java kA pAnI Adi / isa taraha sAdha ke jIvana-nirvAha ke lie nIrasa AhAra lene kA vidhAna hone kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki sAdhu ghata, dUdha Adi sarasa AhAra nahIM le sakatA hai apitu sarasa AhAra kI prApti meM Asakti na karake isa prakAra ke nIrasa AhAra ke milane para upekSA na kre| yadi sarasa AhAra grahaNa karane se saMyama ke pAlana karane meM bAdhA par3e to use sarasa AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| isIlie grantha meM sAdhu ko lAbhAlAbha meM hamezA santuSTa rahane ko kahA gayA hai| 6. jo acitta, prAsuka evaM zuddha ho-sAdhu jisa prakAra ke AhAra ko grahaNa kare vaha acitta, prAsuka evaM zuddha ho" kyoMki aisA 1. u0 32.10. 2. u0 32 11. 3. paMtANi ceva sevejjA sIyapiDaM purANakummAsaM / adu bukkasaM pulAgaM vA javaNaTThAe nisevae maMthaM // . -u0 8.12. AyAmagaM ceva javodaNaM ca sIyaM sovIrajavodagaM ca / na hIlae piNDaM nIrasaM tu paMtakulAiM parivvae sa bhikkhU // -u0 15.13. 4. dekhie-pR0 316, pA0 Ti0 1; u0 15.11. 5. u0 1 32,34;6.15;8.11; 32.4. Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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320 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana / na hone para hiMsAdi doSa hote haiM / isIlie grantha meM kahA hai ki jo aneSaNIya (sacitta) AhAra grahaNa karatA hai vaha agni kI taraha . sarvabhakSI hone se sAdhu nahIM kahalAtA hai|' AhAra ke viSaya meM kucha anya jJAtavya bAteM: sAdhu jaba gahastha se bhojana grahaNa kare tathA jaba usakA upabhoga kare to nimnokta bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhe : 1. bhojana dete samaya dAtA gRhastha sAdhu se na to ucca sthAna para ho, na nimna sthAna para ho, na ati samIpa ho aura na atyanta dUra ho / 2. yadi koI dUsarA bhikSu pahale se kisI gRhastha se AhAra le rahA ho to na gRhasya ke ekadama A~khoM ke sAmane aura na atyanta dUra khar3A hove / bhikSu kA ullaGghana karake ghara meM bhI praveza na kare apitu taba taka cupacApa bAhara khar3A rahe jaba taka pahalevAlA bhikSu AhAra lekara vApisa na A jaae| aisA isalie karanA Avazyaka hai ki pahale AyA huA bhikSu apanI pUrI bhikSA prApta kara le, kahIM aisA na ho ki gRhastha dasare bhikSu ko dekhakara pahalevAle bhikSu ko kama bhikSA deve yA bilakula hI na deve / / 3. yadi sAdhu ko bhikSA prApta na bhI ho to vaha krodhAdi na kare apitu harike zibala muni kI taraha lAbhAlAbha meM santuSTa rahe / ___4. AhAra Adi kI prApti evaM jIvikA-nirvAha ke liye kisI bhI prakAra kI vidyA va mantrAdi zaktiyoM kA prayoga na kre| 1. dekhie-pR0 318, pA0 Ti0 1. 2. nAi ucce va nIe vA nAsanne naaiduuro| -u0 1.34. 3. nAidUramaNAsanne nannesi cakkhu phaaso| ego ciTThajja bhattaTThA laMghittA taM naikkame / / -u0 1.33. 4. dekhie-pR0 316, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 318, pA0 Ti0 3. 5. u0 8.13; 15.7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [ 321 vidyA va mantrAdi zaktiyoM ke prayoga se prApta hue AhArAdi meM ve sabhI hiMsAdi doSa sAdhu ko lagate haiM jo vastu ke kraya-vikraya karane Adi meM gahastha ko lagate haiM / aisA karane se sAdha kraya-vikraya ke dvArA jIvikA-nirvAha karanevAlA gRhastha ho jAtA hai| ataH inake prayoga kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| __5. jahA~ baiThakara sAdhu bhojana kare vaha sthAna cAroM tarapha se DhakA huA, trasa jIvoM ke nivAsa se rahita tathA svaccha ho| isake atirikta bhojana karate samaya bhojana ko jamIna para na girAe / sAdhu 'yaha bhojana acchI taraha pakAyA gayA hai', 'acchI taraha chIlA gayA hai', 'madhura hai', 'kharAba hai' Adi sAvadya-vacanoM kA bhI prayoga na kare / ' isake atirikta dina meM eka bAra hI bhojana kare / 6. sAdhu bhikSArtha jAte samaya apane pAtroM ko acchI taraha dekha-bhAla leve tathA bhikSA lene ke lie AdhA yojana (paramArddhayojana ) kI darI taka hI jaae| isake atirikta bhojana ke lie jo samaya ( tRtIya pauruSI ) niyata hai usI meM bhojana kare / rAtri meM kadApi bhojana na kre| ___ isa taraha sAdhu ko AhAra ke grahaNa karane meM bahuta se kaThina niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai| bhikSAcaryA nAmaka tapa ke prasaGga meM kucha anya vizeSa niyamoM kA varNana kiyA jaaegaa| isa AhArasambandhI varNana se spaSTa hai ki sAdha hiMsAdi doSoM ko jahA~ taka saMbhava ho bacAne kI koziza kre| isake atirikta sarasa bhojana kI lAlasA na karatA huA alpa, nIrasa tathA gRhastha ke bhojana kA zeSAnna (jo kaI gharoM se bhikSA ke dvArA lAyA gayA ho) 1. appapANe'ppabIyammi paDicchannammi saMbaDe / samayaM saMjae bhaMje jayaM aparisADiyaM / / sukkaDitti supakkitti succhinne suhaDaM maDe / suNiTThie sulaTThisatta sAvajjaM vajjae muNI / / -u0 1.35.36. 2. avase saM bhaMDagaM gijjha cakkhusA paDilehae / paramaddhajoyaNAo vihAraM viharae muNI // -u0 26 36. For Personal & Private Use Only

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322 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana saMyama kI rakSA ke nimitta samatApUrvaka upabhoga kare / jaba dekhe ki saMyama kA pAlana karanA saMbhava nahIM hai yA bhayAnaka roga ho gayA. hai yA koI anya Apatti A gaI hai jisase bacanA saMbhava nahIM haiM to saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake anazana tapa kare / anuzalana jaba mukti kA sAdhaka dhIre-dhIre apane cAritra kA vikAsa karatA gRhasthadharma kI antima avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai yA saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM se virakta ho jAtA hai to vaha jJAna kI prApti tathA cAritra ke vikAsa ke lie mAtA-pitA se AjJA lekara sabhI prakAra ke pArivArika snehabandhana ko tor3akara jaMgala meM calA jAtA hai aura kisI guru se dIkSA lekara yA guru ke na milane para svayaM sAdhu-dharma ko aGgIkAra kara letA hai / yadyapi gRhasthAvasthA meM bhI jJAna aura cAritra kI sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai parantu gRha meM nAnA prakAra ke sAMsArika kAryoM ke hone se dharma kI sAdhanA meM bahuta bAdhAe~ AtI haiM / ataH prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM dharma kI sAdhanA ke liye saMnyAsAzrama kI vyavasthA milatI hai / yahA~ Akara sAdhaka sabhI prakAra ke sAMsArika bandhanoM se dUra haTakara gRhastha ke dvArA die gae bhikSAnna para jIvana-yApana karatA huA ekAnta meM Atmacintana karatA hai / isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM bhI cAritra aura jJAna ke vikAsa kI pUrNatA ke lie saMnyAsAzrama ko Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai / isa Azrama meM rahanevAle sAdhaka ko 'sAdhu' yA ' zramaNa' kahA jAtA hai / bhikSAnna dvArA jIvana-yApana karane ke kAraNa inheM 'bhikSu' bhI kahA gayA hai| isa bhikSA kI prApti ke sambandha meM bahuta hI kaThora niyama haiM jinake mUla meM ahiMsA aura aparigraha kI bhAvanA nihita hai / sAdhu ke AcAra se sambandhita jitane bhI niyama haiM una sabake mUla meM ahiMsA evaM aparigraha kI bhAvanA nihita hai / ina sabhI niyamoM ke pAlana karane kA paramparayA yA sAkSAt phala karmanirjarA ke bAda mukti batalAyA gayA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [323 pA~ca mahAvrata jinheM sAdhu dIkSA ke samaya grahaNa karatA hai unake mUla meM ahiMsA aura aparigraha kI bhAvanA vidyamAna hai| ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke bhI mUla meM ahiMsA hai tathA isa ahiMsA kI pUrNatA binA aparigraha ke saMbhava nahIM hai| yahA~ para aparigraha se na kevala dhana ke saMgraha kA tyAga abhipreta hai apitu yAvanmAtra sAMsArika viSayoM kA tyAga abhipreta hai jise ki sarvavirati aura vItarAgatA ina zabdoM se kahA jA sakatA hai| jaisA ki kezigautama-saMvAda se spaSTa hai ki janasAmAnya kI badalatI huI pravRtti ke kAraNa mahAvratoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kI gaI hai tathA aparigraha zabda kA artha dhana-saMgrahatyAgarUpa artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| saMsAra ke viSayoM meM Asakti hone ke kAraNa jIva dhanAdi ke saMgraha meM pravRtta hotA hai aura dhanAdi kI prApti ke lie hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi anaitika kriyAoM meM pravatti karatA hai| dhanAdi kI prApti ho jAne para usake bhogopabhoga meM pravRtti karatA huA aura adhika dhanAdi ke saMgraha meM pravRtta hotA hai| isa taraha saMsArAsakti, lobha, dhanAdi ke saMgraha meM pravRtti ye saba sabhI prakAra ke anaitika kAryoM meM pravRtti karAnevAle haiN| isa taraha ye mukti ke mArga meM bhI pratibandhaka haiN| isIlie grantha meM lAbha ko lobha kA janaka batalAte hue saMsArAsakti se virakta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ___ dharma ke nAma para yajJa meM honevAlI hiMsA ko dekhakara tathA vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara ahiMsA ko saba vratoM kA mUlAdhAra mAnA gayA tathA sAdhu kI pratyeka kriyA meM ahiMsApUrvaka pravRtti karane para jora diyA gyaa| brahmacarya joki strI-saMparka tyAgarUpa hai pahale aparigraha ke hI antargata thA parantu bAda meM logoM kI bar3hatI huI kAmAsakti ko dekhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ise pRthaka mahAvrata ke rUpa meM badala diyA tathA anya vratoM kI apekSA ise sarvAdhika dustara btlaayaa| isa taraha grantha meM ahiMsA, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina tIna mahAvratoM para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai| inake atirikta satya aura acaurya ina do naitika vratoM ko milAkara mahAvratoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca niyata kI gaI hai| satya aura acaurya vrata ke bhI mUla meM ahiMsA evaM aparigraha kI bhAvanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 324 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana nihita hai / ina donoM vratoM ko mahAvratoM meM ginAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki sAdhu apanI jhUThI pratiSThA ke lie jhUTha na bole tathA lie gae vratoM kA guptarUpa se atikramaNa na kare / isIlie grantha meM sAdhu ko nizcayAtmaka aura upayogahIna vANI bolane tathA tRNAdisadRza tuccha vastu ko bhI binA AjJA ke grahaNa karane kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha ina pAMca naitika vratoM ke pAlana karane se hI sAdhu kA AcAra pUrNa ho jAtA hai parantu ina pA~coM vratoM kA ati sUkSmarUpa se pAlana karane para jIva kisI bhI kArya meM pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA hai kyoMki mana, vacana evaM kAya kI pravRtti hone para sUkSma hiMsA kA honA svAbhAvika hI hai| ataH isa viSaya meM kucha vizeSa niyama batalAe gae haiM jinake anusAra pravRti karane para hiMsAdi doSoM kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| ina sabhI niyamoM ke mUla meM hai - sAvadhAnIpUrvaka ( pramAdarahita ) samyak pravRtti karanA kyoMki pramAda yA asAvadhAnIpUrvaka kI gaI nirdoSa bhI pravRtti doSajanaka batalAI gayI hai / ataH grantha meM gautama ko lakSya karake bArambAra apramatta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / apramAdapUrvaka pravRtti kisa prakAra saMbhava hai isI bAta ko samajhAne ke lie samitiyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu gamanAgamana meM, vacana bolane meM, bhikSAdi kI prApti meM, vastuoM ke uThAne va rakhane meM tathA tyAjya vastuoM ke tyAga karane meM kisa prakAra pravRtti kare jisase ki hiMsAdi doSoM kA bhAgI na bane / jaba pravRtti karane kI AvazyakatA na ho to usa samaya mana, vacana evaM kAya ko gupta rakhe, nirarthaka pravRtti na kre| mana, vacana evaM kAya kI pravRtti ko gupta rakhane ke hI lie tIna guptiyA~ batalAI gaI haiM / ye tIna guptiyA~ aura pAMca samitiyA~ hI grantha meM 'pravacanamAtA' zabda se kahI gaI haiM / samasta jaina granthoM kA pravacana ( upadeza ) kucha meM pravRtti aura kucha se nivRtti ko balAnevAlA hai / isa taraha samasta jaina pravacana gupti aura samiti meM samAviSTa hone se inheM 'pravacanamAtA' kahA jAtA hai| isake atirikta gupti aura samiti meM sAvadhAna vyakti hI jaina granthoM ke pravacana ko For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [325 surakSita rakha sakatA hai / ataH isa dRSTi se bhI inheM 'pravacanamAtA' kahanA ucita hai / saMyama meM pravRtti aura asaMyama se nivRtti inakA ( samiti aura gupti kA ) mUla-mantra hai| rAgadveSa se honevAlI mana, vacana aura kAya-sambandhI svacchanda-pravRtti ko samyakrUpa se rokanA saMyama hai tathA saMsAra ke viSayoM meM honevAlI svacchanda pravatti ko hone denA asaMyama hai| saMyama meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravRtti karane se tathA saba prakAra kI asaMyamita pravattiyoM ko rokane se pA~coM mahAvratoM kI rakSA hotI hai / ataH mahAvratoM kI rakSA ke lie samiti aura guptirUpa pravacanamAtAoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / ___ aba yahAM yaha vicAra karanA hai ki sAdhu ke AcAra ke prasaGga meM jina anya niyamoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai unameM kisa prakAra evaM kahAM taka upayukta pA~ca naitika mahAvratoM kI bhAvanA nihita hai ? ___ sAdhu ke pAsa na to koI nijI vastu hotI hai aura na use kisI bhI vastu se mamatva hotA hai, phira bhI jIvana-nirvAha evaM saMyama kA pAlana karane ke liye vaha kucha upakaraNoM ko apane pAsa meM rakhatA hai tathA bhikSAnna kA bhakSaNa karatA hai| sAdha ke pAsa jo bhI vastra, pAtra Adi upakaraNa hote haiM ve saba gRhastha ke dvArA die gae hote haiM aura bahuta hI saste hote haiM tAki unake guma jAne se duHkhAdi na ho| isase sAdhu kI aparigraha-bhAvanA surakSita rahatI hai| sAdha ina upakaraNoM kI prApti ke liye kisI prakAra kA kraya-vikraya yA utpAdana Adi nahIM karatA hai jisase hiMsAdi doSoM kI bhI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai / isake atirikta sAdhu gahastha ko ina upakaraNoM ko dene ke lie na to bAdhya karatA hai aura na apane nimitta se taiyAra kie gae upakaraNoM ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, apitu AvazyakatA par3ane para gRhastha ke dvArA svecchA se dene para hI unheM grahaNa karatA hai| ataH hiMsAdi doSoM kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| AhAraprApti ke viSaya meM jina doSoM ko bacAne tathA jina niyamoM kA pAlana karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve saba vastrAdi upakaraNoM kI prApti ke viSaya meM bhI lAgU hote haiN| AhAra ke viSaya meM spaSTa rUpa se batalAyA hai ki sAdhu saMyama evaM jIvana-nirvAha ke lie hI AhAra grahaNa kre| jisa AhAra meM hiMsAdi doSoM ko jarA bhI saMbhAvanA For Personal & Private Use Only

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326 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana / ho use grahaNa na kre| yadyapi AhArAdi kI utpatti meM gRhastha ke dvArA kucha sUkSma hiMsA hotI hai parantu usa hiMsA kA bhAgI sAgha nahIM hotA hai kyoMki usa sUkSma hiMsA ko gahastha apane nimitta se karatA hai, sAdhu ke nimitta se nahIM / ataH grantha meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu usa aahaar|di ko grahaNa na kare jise usake nimitta se banAyA gayA ho yA corI Adi anya anaitika upAyoM se utpanna kiyA gayA ho| isake atirikta use jo bhI rUkhA-sUkhA AhArAdi mile usameM upekSAbhAva ( samabhAva ) rakhate hue grahaNa kre| sAdhu ko jo mantrAdi zaktiyoM ke prayoga kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai usake bhI mUla meM ahiMsA va aparigraha kI bhAvanA nihita hai kyoMki mantrAdi zaktiyoM kA jIvana-nirvAha ke liye prayoga karane para sAdha kraya-vikraya karane vAlA gRhastha ho jAegA aura taba vaha sAdhu kraya. vikraya se hone vAle sabhI hiMsAdi doSoM kA bhAgI bhI ho jaaegaa| ataH Avazyaka hai ki sAdhu AhArAdi ko grahaNa karate samaya ahiMsAdi vratoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI pravRtti kre| isa taraha vastrAdi upakaraNa evaM AhArAdi ke viSaya meM jo bhI niyama aura upaniyama haiM una saba ke mUla meM ahiMsAdi pA~ca naitika vratoM kI hI bhAvanA nihita hai| araNya Adi ekAnta sthAna meM nivAsa isalie Avazyaka hai ki nagara meM nivAsa karane se dharma-sAdhanA nivighna nahIM hotI hai kyoMki nagara meM nAnA prakAra ke hiMsAdi kArya hote rahate haiM tathA striyoM ke nAnA prakAra ke hAva-bhAva dRSTigocara hote rahate haiM jisase saMyama meM sthira rahanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| gRhastha ke ghara meM corI Adi ke hone para sAdhu ko bhI saMzaya meM pakar3A jA sakatA hai / ataH mahAvratoM kI rakSA ke lie sAdhu ko strI Adi ke AvAgamana se rahita araNya Adi ekAnta sthAna meM nivAsa karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / citta kI ekAgratArUpa tapAdi bhI ekAnta sthAna meM hI saMbhava haiN| sAdhu ko eka sthAna para nivAsa na karake deza-dezAntara meM bihAra karanA isalie Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai ki jisase sAdha kisI eka sthAna-vizeSa sa mohavaza cipakA na rhe| vakAla meM cuMki kSudra-jIvoM kI kAphI mAtrA meM utpatti ho jAtI hai ataH For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 4 : sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra [327 usa samaya eka sthAna para rahane ko kahA gayA hai| isase vaha gamana karane meM honevAlI hiMsA ke doSa kA bhAgI nahIM hotA hai| ___ sAmAcArI ke prakaraNa meM jo sAmAcArI ke 10 avayava batalAe gae haiM unake dvArA sAdhu apane Apako saMyamita karatA hai tathA guru ke anuzAsana meM rahakara vivekapUrvaka pravRtti karatA hai| isase usake mahAvratoM meM koI aticAra nahIM hone pAtA hai| isI prakaraNa meM sAdhu kI sAmAnyarUpa se jo dinacaryA evaM rAtricaryA vaNita kI gaI hai usameM 'AhAra' aura 'nidrA' ke lie bahuta hI svalpa tathA dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke lie sarvAdhika samaya niyata kiyA gayA hai| dina aura rAtri ke 24 ghaMToM meM se 12 ghaMTe svAdhyAya ke lie, 6 ghaMTe dhyAna ke lie, 3 ghaMTe bhikSAnna-prApti ke lie tathA 3 ghaMTe zayana karane ke lie niyata haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki sAdhu apanA adhika se adhika samaya adhyayana aura AtmacintanarUpa dhyAna meM lgaae| svAdhyAya aura dhyAna karane se mana, vacana evaM kAya ekAgra hokara tapa kI ora agrasara hoMge aura taba hiMsAdi sAvadya pravRttiyA~ ruka jaaeNgii| . sAdhu ke jo chaH nityakarma (Avazyaka ) batalAe gae haiM unake dvArA bhI sAdha apane Apako saMyamita karatA hai| guru Adi kI stuti karane tathA Atmagata doSoM kI AlocanA karane se ajJAna meM hue kSudra hiMsAdi doSoM kI vizuddhi ho jAtI hai| vastra, pAtra Adi kA upayoga karate samaya unheM acchI taraha dekhane (pratilekhanA va pramArjanA ) se unameM vartamAna kSadra jantuoM kI hiMsA nahIM hotI hai| isake atirikta sAdhu nityakarmoM se hamezA satarka rahane kI preraNA prApta karatA hai| ... isI prakAra ke zoM ko hAthoM se ukhAr3ane, zreSTha vastrAdi ko na pahinane Adi niyamopaniyamoM se bhI ahiMsAdi vratoM kI rakSA kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| isa taraha sAdhu kA sampUrNa AcAra ahiMsA aura aparigrahAdirUpa pA~ca naitika mahAvratoM ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| pAtaJjala yogadarzana meM bhI ahiMsAdi ina pA~ca naitika vratoM kA mahAvrata ke rUpa For Personal & Private Use Only

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328 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana meM ullekha milatA hai / " yogadarzana meM ahiMsA - virodhI hiMsA ka kRta, kArita aura anumodanA ke bheda se tIna bheda kie gae haiN| isake bAda mRdu, madhya aura adhimAtra ke bheda se pratyeka ke punaH tIna-tIna bheda karane se hiMsA ke nava bheda ho jAte haiM / isa nava prakAra kI hiMsA ke bhI krodha, lobha aura mohapUrvaka hone se hiMsA ke kaI bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isa saba prakAra ke hiMsA nirodha se ahiMsA bhI kaI bhedoM vAlI ho jAtI hai / 2 yogadarzana meM ahiMsA kA itanA adhika vistAra hone para bhI vahA~ ahiMsA kA itanI sUkSmatA se pAlana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai jitanA ki prakRta grantha meM batalAyA gayA hai / yahA~ eka bAta aura isa prasaGga meM spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki jisa prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM sabhI vratoM ke mUla meM ahiMsA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai usI prakAra yogadarzana meM vyAsabhASyakAra ne bhI likhA hai ki satyAdi anya sabhI vrata aura niyamopaniyama isI ahiMsA kI puSTi karane vAle haiM / 3 isa taraha ina mahAvratoM kI sArvabhaumikatA sutarAM siddha ho jAtI hai| inakI surakSA jaise sambhava ho usI prakAra kA AcaraNa karanA hI sAdhu kA sadAcAra hai| ina pA~ca naitika vratoM kA vyavahAra meM bhI mahattva hai jaisA ki mahAvratoM ke prasaGga meM likhA cukA hai| 1. ahiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH / jAtidezakAla samayAnavacchinnAH sarvabhaumA mahAvratam / / - pA0 yo0 230-31. 2. vitarkA hiMsAdayaH kRtakAritAnumoditA lobhakrodhamohapUrvakA mRdumadhyAdhimAtrA duHkhAjJAnAnantaphalA iti pratipakSa bhAvanam // - pA0 yo0 2.34. 3. tatrAhiMsA sarvathA sarvadA sarvabhUtAnAmabhidroha uttare ca yamaniyamAstanmUlAstasiddhipatayaiva tatpratipAdanAya pratipAdyante / - pA0yo0 ( 2.30 ) - vyAsabhASya, pR0 61. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 vizeSa sAdhvAcAra jaisA ki pichale prakaraNa meM batalAyA jA cukA hai ki vizeSa avasaroM para karmoM kI vizeSa nirjarA karane ke lie sAdhu jisa prakAra ke sadAcAra kA vizeSarUpa se pAlana karatA hai use yahAM para vizeSa sAdhvAcAra ke nAma se kahA gayA hai / yaha vizeSa sAdhvAcAra sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra se sarvathA pRthak nahIM hai apitu jaba sAdhaka apane sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra kA hI vizeSarUpa se dRr3hatApUrvaka saba prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karatA huA pAlana karatA hai to use hI tapazcaryA AdirUpa vizeSa sAdhvAcAra ke nAma se kahA gayA / viSaya kI dRSTi se ise nimnokta cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : 1. tapa - tapazcaryA / 2. parISahajaya - tapazcaryA Adi meM prApta kaSToM para vijaya / 3. sAdhu kI pratimAe~ - tapavizeSa | 4. sallekhanA - mRtyu- samaya kI vizeSa tapazcaryA / aba kramazaH ina para granthAnusAra vicAra kiyA jAegA / tapazcaryA-trapa grantha meM kahIM-kahIM cAritra se pRthak jo tapa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha usake mahattva ko prakaTa karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai / tapa eka prakAra kI agni hai jisake dvArA saikar3oM pUrva-janmoM meM saMcita ( pUrvabaddha ) karmoM ko zIghra hI jalAyA jA sakatA hai / karma joki AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha haiM unakI saMkhyA itanI adhika hai ki unheM Ayu ke alpakAla meM bhogakara naSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataH jisa prakAra vizAla tAlAba ke jala ko sukhAne ke lie jala ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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330] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana / Ane ke dvAra ko banda karane ke atirikta jala ko ulIcane evaM sUrya Adi ke tApa se sukhAne kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai usI prakAra sAdhu ko bhI pUrvasaMcita karmoM ko nirjIrNa karane ke lie ahiMsAdi vratoM ke atirikta tapa kI bhI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| isake atirikta kaSAyarUpI zatruoM ke AkramaNa karane para una para vijaya prApta karane ke lie tapa ko bANa evaM argalArUpa bhI batalAyA gayA hai| isa taraha tapa pUrvabaddha karmoM ko naSTa karane meM agnirUpa haiM tathA Age baMdhanevAle karmoM ko rokane ke lie bANa evaM argalArUpa bhI haiN| tapa ke isI mahattva ke kAraNa grantha meM tapa ko kahIM-kahIM cAritra se pRthaka batalAyA gayA hai| vastutaH tapa cAritra se sarvathA pRthaka nahIM hai kyoMki jo tapa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra kA hI abhinna aGga hai| sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra se sambandhita kucha vizeSa kriyAoM ko hI yahAM tapa ke rUpa meM batalAyA gayA hai| AtmasaMyama joki cAritra kI AdhArazilA hai tapa usase pRthaka nahIM hai apitu tadrUpa hI hai| vastutaH tapa ko kaThora yA dRr3ha AtmasaMyama kahA jA sakatA hai| tapa ke bheda : tapa ko bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se sarvaprathama do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai, phira bAhya tapa aura Abhyantara tapa ko punaH 6-6 bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha 1. jahA mahAtAlayassa sanniruddhe jalAgame / ussiMcaNAe tavaNAe kameNaM sosaNA bhave / / evaM tu saMjayassAvi pAvakammanirAsave / bhavakoDisaMciyaM kamma tavasA nijjarijjai / / -u0 30.5-6. tathA dekhie-u06.20; 25.45 ; 28.36 ; 26.27 ; 30.1,4 Adi / 2. dekhie-pR0 286, pA. Ti. 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 331 grantha meM kula milAkara 12 prakAra ke tapoM kA varNana milatA hai| una 12 prakAra ke tapoM ke nAma kramazaH ye haiM : 1. anazana ( saba prakAra ke AhAra kA pUrNa tyAga ), 2. UnodarI ( avamodarya-bhUkha se kama khAnA ), 3. bhikSAcaryA ( bhikSATana ke nizcita niyamoM kA pAlana karate hue bhikSAnna dvArA jIvana-yApana karanA ), 4. rasa-parityAga ( ghatAdi sarasa dravyoM kA tyAga), 5. kAyakleza (zarIra ko kaSTadAyaka yogAsanAdi lagAnA), 6. salInatA yA viviktazayanAsana ( ekAnta va nirjana sthAna meM nivAsAdi karanA ), 7. prAyazcitta (pApAcAra kA zodhana ), 8. vinaya ( gurujanoM Adi ke prati vinamratA ke bhAva ), ha. vaiyAvRtya ( gurujanoM Adi kI sevA-zuzruSA karanA ), 10. svAdhyAya ( jJAnArjana karanA ), 11. dhyAna ( citta ko ekAgra karanA ) aura 12. vyutsarga yA kAyotsarga ( zarIra se mamatva haTAnA ) / uparyukta 12 prakAra ke tapa ke bhedoM meM anazana Adi prathama chaH tapa zarIra kI vAhya-kriyA se adhika sambandhita hone ke kAraNa bAhya tapa kahalAte haiM tathA prAyazcitta Adi antima chaH tapa zarIra kI bAhya-kriyA kI apekSA AtmA se adhika sambandhita hone ke kAraNa Abhyantara tapa kahalAte haiN| bAhya tapoM kA prayojana Abhyantara tapoM ko puSTa karanA hai / ata : pradhAnatA Abhyantara tapoM kI hai| bAhya tapa Abhyantara tapoM kI ora le jAne meM mAtra sahAyaka haiN| vaiyAvRtya aura kAyotsarga (vyutsarga , yadyapi Upara se dekhane meM bAhya tapa pratIta hote haiM parantu vaiyAvRtya ke sevAbhAvarUpa hone se aura kAyotsarga ke zarIra ke mamatva-tyAgarUpa hone se inameM bAhyatA nahIM hai / bAhya tapoM 1. aNasaNamUNoyariyA bhikkhAyariyA ya rspriccaao| kAyakile so saMloNayA ya bajjho tavo hoi / / -u0 30.8. pAyacchittaM viNao veyAvaccaM taheva sjjhaao| jhANaM ca viussago eso abhiMtaro tavo / / -u0 30.30. tathA dekhie-u0 30.7,26; 28.34; 16.86. For Personal & Private Use Only

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332 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana ko jitanI AsAnI se tapa kahA jA sakatA hai utanI AsAnI se vaiyAvRtya Adi ko nhiiN| ataH inake bhAva-pradhAna hone se ye Abhyantara tapa haiN| aba kramazaH ina sabhI prakAra ke tapoM kA granthAnusAra varNana kiyA jaaegaa| bAhya tapa : pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki zArIrika bAhya-kriyA se vizeSa sambandha rakhane ke kAraNa anazana Adi chaH bAhya tapa kahe jAte haiN| isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki inakA Abhyantara-zuddhi se koI prayojana nahIM hai / inheM bAhya tapa kahane kA mUla prayojana yaha hai ki ye Abhyantara-zUddhi kI apekSA bAdya -zuddhi ke prati adhika jAgarUka haiN| inake svarUpAdi isa prakAra haiM : 1. anazana tapa: saba prakAra ke bhojana-pAna kA tyAga karanA anazana tapa hai| yaha kucha samaya ke liye evaM jIvana-paryanta ke lie bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH isake do bheda kie gae haiM :1 1. itvarika anazana tapa (kucha samaya ke lie kiyA gayA-sAvadhika ) tathA 2. maraNakAla anazana tapa ( jIvana-paryanta ke lie kiyA gayA-niravadhika ) / ka. itvarika anazana tapa ( sAvakAMkSa-asthAyI )-isa tapa ko karanevAlA sAdhaka eka nizcita avadhi ke bAda bhojana grahaNa kara letA hai / ataH grantha meM isa tapa ko 'sAvakAMkSa' ( jisameM bhojana kI AkAMkSA banI rahatI hai) kahA gayA hai / saMkSepa meM isake avAntara cha: prakAra batalAe gae haiM, vistAra se manonakala kaI prakAra sambhava haiN| ve cha: prakAra ye haiM : 1. zreNItapa-isa prakAra se anazana (upavAsa) karanA ki eka paMkti / zreNI ) vana jaae| jaise : do dina kA, tIna 1. ittariya maraNakAlA ya aNasaNA duvihA bhave / ittariya sAvakaMkhA niravakakhA u viijjiyA / / -u0 30.6. tathA dekhie -- u0 30.10-13; 26.35. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 333 dina kA, cAra dina kA, pA~ca dina kA Adi krama se karanA, 2. pratara tapa (sama-caturbhujAkAra )-samAnAkAra cAra bhujAoM kI taraha jaba zreNI tapa cAra bAra punarAvRtta hotA hai to use 16 upavAsa pramANa pratara tapa kahate haiM, 3. ghana tapa-pratara tapa hI jaba zreNI tapa se guNita kiyA jAtA hai to use (16 x 4= 64 upavAsa pramANa) ghana tapa kahate haiM, 4. varga tapa-ghana tapa ko jaba ghana tapa se gaNita kiyA jAtA hai to use ( 644 64=4066 upavAsa pramANa ) varga tapa kahate haiM, 5. varga-varga tapa-vagaM tapa ko jaba varga tapa se gaNita kiyA jAtA hai to use (4066 x 4066=16777216 upavAsa pramANa ) varga-varga tapa kahate haiM, 6. prakoNa tapa- zreNI Adi kI niyata racanA se rahita jo apanI zakti ke anusAra yathAkathaJcit anazana tapa kiyA jAtA hai use prakIrNa tapa kahate haiM / isa taraha itvaM rika anazana tapa ke ina 6 bhedoM meM prathama pA~ca bheda niyata kramarUpatA kI apekSA se haiM aura antima chaThA bheda kramarUpatA se rahita hai| Upara jo zreNI tapa ko cAra upavAsapramANa mAnakara pratara tapa Adi kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai vaha nemicandra kI vRtti ke AdhAra se dRSTAnta rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai| ataH isI prakAra 5-6 upavAsa-pramANa zreNI tapa mAnakara Age ke tapoM kA upavAsa-pramANa samajha lenA caahie| kha. maraNakAla anazana tapa (niravakAMkSa-sthAyI) -yaha Ayuparyanta ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| isameM bhojana pAna kI AkAMkSA na rahane se yaha niravakAMkSa va sthAyI kahalAtA hai| yaha tapa mRtyu ke atyanta sannikaTa ( avazyambhAvI ) hone para zarIratyAga ( sallekhanA ) ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| grantha meM nimnokta tIna apekSAoM se isake bhedoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai : 1. zarIra kI ceSTA evaM nizceSTatA kI apekSA se 'savicAra' ( jisameM zarIra kI halana-calanarUpa kriyA hotI rahatI hai ) aura 'avicAra' ( zarIra kI ceSTA se rahita ) ye do bheda haiN| 1. u0 ne0 vR0, pR0 337; se0 bu0 I0, bhAga-45, pR0 175. For Personal & Private Use Only

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334 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 2. sevA karAne evaM na karAne kI apekSA se ' saparikarma' ( jisameM dUsaroM ke dvArA sevA hotI rahatI hai) aura 'aparikarma' ( sevAdi se rahita ) ye do bheda haiM / 3. tapa karane ke sthAna kI apekSA se 'nIhArI' ( parvata, guphA Adi meM liyA gayA maraNakAlika anazana tapa ) aura 'anohArI ' ( grAma, nagara Adi meM liyA gyaa| ye do bheda haiM / AhAra-tyAga donoM tapoM meM Avazyaka hai / 2. UnodarI ( avamodayaM ) tapa: bhUkha se kama khAnA UnodarI tapa hai / grantha meM isakA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura paryavacaraka kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH isake dravya UnodarI Adi pA~ca bheda hote haiM / inake svarUpAdi isa prakAra haiM : 1 ka. dravya UnodarI - jisakA jo svAbhAvika AhAra hai usameM kama se kama eka grAsa kama karanA dravya UnodarI hai / kha. kSetra UnodarI - isakA do prakAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai : 1. grAma, nagara, rAjadhAnI, gRha Adi ke kSetra kI sImA nizcita kara lenA ki amuka-amuka kSetra se prApta bhikSAnna dvArA hI peTa bharU~gA, 2. amuka prakAra ke kSetra - vizeSa se prApta bhikSAnna dvArA hI jIvana-yApana karU~gA / isameM dvitIya prakAra ke kSetra UnodarI tapa ke grantha meM dRSTAntarUpa se 6 prakAra ginAe gae haiM / jaise : 1. peTA ( peTikA kI taraha AkAravAle gharoM se AhAra lenA ), 2. ardhapeTA ( ardhapeTikA kI taraha AkAravAle gharoM se AhAra lenA ), 3. gomUtrikA ( gomUtra kI taraha vakrAkAra bhikSArtha jAkara AhAra lenA ), 4. pataMgavIthikA ( bIca-bIca meM kucha ghara chor3akara bhikSA lenA ), 5. zambUkAvarta ( zaMkha kI taraha cakrAkAra jAkara AhAra lenA ) aura 6. AyataM gatvA pratyAgatA ( pahale 1. omoyaraNaM paMcahA samAseNa viyAhiyaM / davvao khettakAleNaM bhAveNaM pajjavehi ya / / - u0 30.14. tathA dekhie - u0 30.15-24. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 335 binA AhAra lie sIdhe lambI dUra taka cale jAnA phira lauTate samaya bhikSA lenA ) / ye saba bheda kSetra-sambandhI niyamoM ke AdhAra se batalAe gae haiN| kSetra-bheda kI apekSA se inake kaI anya bheda ho sakate haiN| ina sabakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki AhAra-prApti ke kSetra ko sImita (nyUna) kara lenA tAki kama AhAra mile| kSetra kI nyUnatA hone para bhI kabhI-kabhI saMbhava hai ki bharapeTa bhojana mila jAe ataH kSetra kI nyUnatA itanI avazya rahanI cAhie tAki bharapeTa bhojana na mile / ga. kAla UnodarI-sAmAnyarUpa se dina meM 12 se 3 baje ke bIca ( tatIya pauruSI ) bhikSArtha jAne kA vidhAna hai| bhikSA grahaNa karane ke isa nizcita samaya ke pramANa ko kucha kama karanA kAla UnodarI hai arthAta aisA niyama lenA ki tRtIya pauruSI ke caturthAMza bIta jAne para bhikSA lUMgA yA anya prakAra se samaya nizcita karanA jo sAmAnyatayA nizcita samaya ke pramANa se kucha kama avazya ho| bhikSA grahaNa karane ke samaya kI nyUnatA hone para bhojana kI prApti meM kamI honA saMbhava hai| ataH ise kAla UnodarI kahA jAtA hai| gha. bhAva UnodarI-bhAvapradhAna hone se ise bhAva UnodarI kahA jAtA hai| isameM bhikSArtha jAte samaya aisA niyama kiyA jAtA hai ki strI ke yA puruSa ke, alaMkRta ke yA analaMkRta ke, yuvA ke yA bAlaka ke, saumyAkRtivAle ke yA anya kisI vizeSa prakAra kI bhAva-bhaGgimAvAle dAtA ke milane para hI bhikSA la~gA, anyathA nahIM luuNgaa| isa prakAra kA niyama le lenevAle sAdha ko saba jagaha se bhikSA upalabdha na hone se sambhava hai use bharapeTa bhojana na mile / ataH ise bhAva UnodarI kahA jAtA hai| Ga. paryavacaraka UnodarI- uparyakta cAroM prakAra se nyUna vatti kA honA paryavacaraka UnodarI hai arthAt dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cAroM prakAra se UnodarI vrata kA pAlana karanA paryavacaraka UnodarI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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336 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 3, bhikSAcaryA tapa: bhikSA dvArA prApta bhojana-pAna se jIvana-yApana krnaa| grantha meM bhikSAcaryA ko vibhinna sthAnoM para gocarI ( gAya kI taraha AcaraNa ), mRgacaryA ( mRga kI taraha AcaraNa ) aura kapotavRtti (kabUtara kI taraha AcaraNa ) bhI kahA gayA hai| isase bhikSAcaryA ke svarUpa para prakAza par3atA hai / jaise : 1. gocarI-jisa prakAra gAya tRNAdi kA thor3A-thor3A bhakSaNa karatI huI use jar3a se nahIM ukhAr3atI hai usI prakAra bhikSAcaryAvAlA sAdhu AhAra kI gaveSaNA karate samaya gRhastha ko puna: AhAra banAne ke lie majabUra na karate hue thor3A-thor3A AhAra letA hai.' 2. mRgacaryA-jisa prakAra mRga nAnA sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karake apane udara kA poSaNa karatA hai tathA rogAdi ke ho jAne para bhI auSadhi Adi kA sevana na karate hae akelA hI sarvatra vicaraNa karatA rahatA hai usI prakAra bhikSAcaryAvAlA sAdha kisI eka gahavizeSa se sambaddha na hokara aneka gharoM se thor3I-thor3I bhikSA lAkara udarapoSaNa karatA hai tathA rogAdi ke ho jAne para bhI auSadhopacAra kI icchA na karate hue ekAkI vicaraNa karatA hai aura 3. kapotavatti-jaise kabUtara kA~ToM ko chor3akara parimita anna-kaNoM ko cuga letA hai usI prakAra eSaNA samiti-sambandhI doSoM ko bacAkara sAdhu parimita evaM zuddha ( eSaNIya ) AhAra grahaNa karatA hai / ___isa taraha bhikSA ke dvArA hI jIvana-yApana karane ke kAraNa sAdha ko 'bhikSa' zabda se bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa bhikSAcaryA tapa ke 1. jahA mie ega aNegacArI aNegavAse dhuvagoare ya / evaM muNI goyariyaM paviDhe no hIlae novi ya khisaejjA / / -u0 16.84, 2. vahI; u0 16.77-86. 3. kAvoyA jA imA vittI / -u0 16.34. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 337 prasaGga meM grantha meM ATha prakAra kI gocarI,1 sAta prakAra kI eSaNA2 tathA anya niyamavizeSoM ( abhigraha ) ke pAlana 1. ATha prakAra kI gocarI-kSetra UnodarI ke prasaGga meM kahe gae peTA, ardhapeTA Adi 6 prakAra hI yahAM para ATha prakAra kI gocarI ke rUpa meM vaNita haiN| jaise : peTA, arghapeTA, gomUtrikA aura pataMgavIthikA ye cAra prakAra jyoM ke tyoM haiN| isake atirikta 'zambUkAvarta' ke bAhya aura Abhyantara ye do bheda haiM tathA 'AyataM gatvA pratyAgatA' ke bhI Rjugati (sIdhe jAkara sIdhe lauTanA) aura vakragati (vakragati se jAkara vakrAkAra lauTanA) ke bheda se do bheda haiM / isa taraha bhikSA ke lie jAte samaya kSetrasambandhI niyamavizeSa lenA hI ATha prakAra kI gocarI hai| 2. sAta prakAra kI eSaNAe~ ( annAdi grahaNa karane ke niyama ) 1. saMsRSTA (bhojana kI sAmagrI se bhare hue pAtra ke hone para bhikSA lenA), 2. asaMsRSTA (bhojana kI sAmagrI se bhare hue pAtra ke na hone para bhikSA lenA), 3. uddhRtA ( jo bhojana rasoIghara se bAharaM lAkara gRhastha ne thAlI Adi meM apane nimitta rakhA ho, use lenA), 4. alpalepikA (nirlepa bhuMje hue canA Adi lenA), 5. udagrahItA (bhojana ke samaya bhojana karanevAle vyakti ko parosane ke lie jo bhojana cammaca Adi se nikAlakara bAhara rakha diyA ho, use lenA), 6. pragRhItA ( bhojanArthI ko dene ke lie udyata dAtA ke hAtha meM sthita sAmagrI ko lenA) aura 7. ujjhitadharmA (nissAra rUkhA AhAra lenaa)| 3. anya abhigraha ( niyamavizeSa )-apanI icchAnusAra koI niyama le lenA ki amuka-amuka sthiti ke hone para hI AhAra luuNgaa| jaise : 1. dravyAbhigraha ( kisI vizeSa pAtra meM rakhe hue kisI vizeSa prakAra ke AhAra ke lene kI pratijJA), 2. kSetrAbhigraha (yadi dAtA dehalI ko apanI jaMghAoM ke bIca meM karake AhAra degA to lUMgA, aisI kSetra-sambandhI pratijJA), 3. kAlAbhigraha ( jaba saba sAdhu bhikSA le Ae~ge taba bhikSArtha jAne para jo milegA use lUMgA, aisI pratijJA) aura 4. bhAvAbhigraha ( yadi koI haMsate hue yA rote hue degA to lUMgA, aisI prtijnyaa)| isI taraha anya vividha niyamoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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338 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana karane ko bhikSAcaryA kahA gayA hai|' TIkAgranthoM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki ye gocarI aura eSaNAe~ Adi kucha niyamavizeSa haiM jina kA saMkalpa karake sAdha bhikSA ke lie jAtA hai| yadi una lie gae saMkalpoM ke anukUla bhikSA milatI hai to sAdhu use grahaNa kara letA hai aura yadi una saMkalpoM ke anukUla bhikSA nahIM milatI hai to vaha anazana tapa karatA hai / isa taraha bhikSAcaryA aura UnodarI tapa meM bahuta sthaloM para samAnatA dikhalAI par3atI hai kyoMki niyamavizeSa lene se bhojana kA kama milanA svAbhAvika hai| aisA hone para bhI bhikSAcaryA sAmAnya tapa hai aura UnodarI vizeSa / UnodarI meM bhakha se kama khAne kI pradhAnatA hai jabaki bhikSAcaryA meM bhikSA lene sambandhI niyamavizeSa kii| ataH bhikSAcaryA meM sAdhu bharapeTa bhojana kara sakatA hai| isa meM jo niyamavizeSa haiM ve apanI indriyoM kI svacchanda pravatti ko rokane ke lie haiN| bhikSAcaryA sAdhu kA sAmAnya tapa hai jisakA vaha pratidina pAlana karatA hai aura UnodarI vizeSa tapa hai, jisakA vaha kabhI-kabhI pAlana karatA hai| ataH grantha meM sAdhu ke jIvana ko bhikSAcaryA ke rUpa meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| bhRgu purohita kI patnI bhikSAcaryA kI kaThoratA kA varNana karate hue kahatI hai ki dhairyazIla evaM tapasvI hI isa ( bhikSAcaryA ) ko dhAraNa kara sakate haiN| isI prakAra bhadrA ( somadeva kI strI) rAjakumArI bhikSArtha Ae hue harike zibala muni ke Upara krodhita honevAle brAhmaNoM se kahatI hai ki bhojanArtha upasthita hue sAdhu kA tiraskAra karanA yA mAranA usI prakAra upahAsAspada hai jisa prakAra nakhoM se parvata ko khodanA, dAMtoM se lohe ko cabAnA, Aga ko pairoM se 1. aTThavihagoyaraggaM tu tahA satteva esnnaa| abhiggahA ya je anne bhikkhAyariyamAhiyA // -u0 30.25. 2. vahI, ttiikaaeN| 3. dhIrA hu bhikkhAriyaM carati / -u0 14.35. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 339 kucalanA tathA pataMgasenA dvArA Aga meM kUdakara Aga ko bujhAnA / ' 4. rasa- parityAga tapa : dUdha, dahI, ghI Adi sarasa padArthoM ke sevana kA tyAga karanA rasaparityAga tapa hai | sAmAnyatayA sAdhu ke lie nIrasa AhAra karane kA hI vidhAna hai aura yadi use sarasa AhAra mila jAtA hai to vaha use bhI le sakatA hai / parantu rasa- parityAga tapa ko karane - vAlA sAdhu rasanA indriya ko madhura laganevAle dUdha, dahI, ghI Adi tathA unase bane sarasa bhojanAdi ko milane para bhI nahIM khA sakatA hai / isa taraha isa tapa ke karane se sAdhu kI indriyAgni uddIpita nahIM hotI hai aura brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai | sAdhu ke lie AhAra saMyama kA pAlana karane ke lie hai, zarIra kI puSTi evaM rasAsvAda ke lie nahIM / ataH isa tapa ko karanA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / 5. kAyakleza tapa : sukhAvaha vIrAsana Adi ( padmAsana, utkaTAsana Adi ) meM zarIra ko sthita karanA kAyakleza tapa hai / 3 kAyakleza tapa ke isa lakSaNa meM 'jIva ko sukha kI ora le jAnevAlA ' ( sukhAvaha) aisA vizeSaNa dene se una sabhI kutsita tapoM kA 1. giri nahiM khaNaha ayaM daMtehi khAyaha / jAyateyaM pAehi haNaha je bhikkhu avamannaha || - u0 12.26. tathA dekhie - u0 12.27. 2. khIra dahisappamAI pANIyaM pANabhoyaNaM / parivajjaNaM rasANaM tu bhaNiyaM rasavivajjaNaM // -u0 30.26. 3. ThANA vIrAsaNAIyA jIvassa u suhAvahA / ugA jahA dhariti kAyakilesaM tamAhiyaM // - u0 30.27. For Personal & Private Use Only

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340 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana khaNDana ho jAtA hai jo aihika viSayAbhilASA yA krodhAdi ke kAraNa kie jAte haiN| sAdha ko jo kezalauMca karanA par3atA hai vaha bhI . eka prakAra kA kAyakleza tapa hI hai|' kezalauMna sAdhu ke lie Avazyaka bhI batalAyA gayA hai kyoMki kezoM ke rakhane se unameM jaM Adi jIvoM kI utpatti saMbhava hai| ataH eka nizcita samaya ke bhItara inheM ukhAr3anA par3atA hai| digambara-paramparA meM sAdhu ke 28 mUlaguNoM (pradhAna guNoM) meM kezalauMca bhI eka mUlaguNa (pradhAna guNa) .. mAnA jAtA hai|2 kezoM ko ukhAr3anA bar3A kaThina bhI hai| isa taraha vIrAsana Adi meM sthira hone se zarIra ko bar3A kaSTa hotA hai| ataH ise kAyakleza tapa kahA gayA hai| sAmAnya bhASA meM ise hI tapa kahA jAtA hai| isase zarIra meM nizcalatA evaM apramattatA AtI hai| 6. pratisaMlInatA (saMlInatA yA viviktazayanAsana) tapa : : . strI-pazu Adi kI saMkIrNatA se rahita ekAntasthAna (guphA, zUnyAgAra Adi) meM nivAsa (zayana aura Asana) karanA viviktazayanAsana tapa hai arthAt araNyAdi ekAntasthAna (viviktasthAna) meM nivAsa krnaa| sAdhu ko sAmAnyataura se ekAntasthAna meM hI rahane kA vidhAna hai| yahAM para use hI tapa ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| isa viviktazayanAsana ko hI saMlInatA yA pratisaMlInatA tapa ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| yadyapi grantha meM 1. sthAnAni vIrAsanAdInI, locAdhupalakSaNaM caitat / - vahI, ne0 vR0, pR0 341. 2. vadasamididiyarodho locAvassayamacela maNhANaM / khidisayaNamadaMtavaNaM ThidibhoyaNamegabhattaM ca / ede khalu mUlaguNA samaNANaM jiNavarehiM paNNattA / / -pravacanasAra, 3.8-6. 3. kesaloo aNdaarunno| -u0 16.34. 4 egaMtamaNAvAe itthIpasuvivajjie / sayaNAsaNasevaNayA vivittasayaNAsaNaM / / / -u030.28. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 341 bAhya tapa ke bhedoM ko ginAte samaya isa tapa kA nAma saMlInatA diyA gayA hai parantu isakA lakSaNa karate samaya ise viviktazayanAsana zabda se kahA gayA hai| vAstava meM viviktazayanAsana saMlInatA kA eka bhedavizeSa hai|' isakA phala batalAte hue grantha meM likhA hai ki viviktazayanAsana se jIva cAritra kI gupti ko karatA hai aura phira eSaNIya AhAravAn, dar3hacAritravAn, ekAntapriya aura mokSAbhimukha hokara AThoM prakAra ke karmabandhanoM ko tor3a detA hai| uparyukta bAhya tapa ke bhedoM meM prathama cAra tapa AhAra se sambandhita haiM tathA antima do tapa kramazaH kaThora zArIrika Asana vizeSa evaM ekAntavAsa se sambandhita haiN| yadi sAdha kI apekSA se ina bAhya tapoM ke kramika vikAsa para vicAra kiyA jAe to inakA krama isa prakAra ucita hogA: 1 bhikSAcaryA, 2. UnodarI, 3. rasaparityAga, 4. anazana, 5. saMlInatA evaM 6 kAyakleza / pratyeka sAdha bhikSAcaryA kA sAmAnyarUpa se pAlana karatA hI hai| ataH kramika-vikAsa kI dRSTi se isakA prathama sthAna honA cAhie / isake bAda kama khAnerUpa UnodarI, phira sarasa padArthoM ke tyAgarUpa rasa-parityAga aura phira saba prakAra ke AhAra-pAna ke tyAgarUpa anazana tapa karane kA abhyAsa saMbhava hai| kAyakleza tapa meM ekAntasthAna kA sevana A hI jAtA hai tathA sAdhu ke lie hamezA ekAntasevana Avazyaka bhI hai, jabaki kAyakleza tapa utanA Avazyaka nahIM hai / ata: pratisaMlInatA ke bAda kAyakleza tapa kA abhyAsa saMbhava hai| apekSA-bheda hone para isa krama meM aMtara bhI A sakatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI yadyapi uparyukta krama nahIM hai phira bhI vahAM para kAyakleza ke pUrva saMlInatA ( viviktazayanAsana ) ko ginAyA gayA hai / 1. vahI, ttiikaaeN| 2. u0 26.31. 3. anazanAvaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAna rasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezA ___ bAhya tpH| - ta0 sU0 6.16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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3-42 ] Abhyantara tapa : antaH zuddhi se vizeSa sambandha rakhane ke kAraNa prAyazcitta Adi tapa Abhyantara tapa kahalAte haiM / isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki inakA bAhya zArIrika kriyA se koI sambandha nahIM hai apitu bAhya aura AbhyantararUpa tayoM kA vibhAjana pradhAnatA aura apradhAnatA kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai | Abhyantara chaH tapoM ke svarUpAdi isa prakAra 1. prAyazcitta tapa : AcAra meM doSa laga jAne para usa doSa kI zuddhi ke lie kiyA gayA daNDarUpa pazcAttApa prAyazcitta tapa hai / yaha grantha meM 10 prakAra kA batalAyA gayA hai parantu vahAM para unake nAma nahIM ginAe haiM / " TIkAoM meM unake nAmAdi isa prakAra ginAe gae haiM : uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana ka. AlocanA - doSa ko guru ke samakSa spaSTa kaha dene mAtra se jisa doSa kI zuddhi ho jAtI hai use 'AlocanArha' doSa kahate haiM tathA usa doSa ko binA chupAe guru ke samakSa spaSTa zabdoM meM kahanA AlocanA prAyazcitta hai / AlocanA se jIva ananta-saMsAra ko bar3hAnevAle tathA mukti meM vighnarUpa mAyA, nidAna ( puNyakarma kI phalAbhilASA) aura mithyAdarzanarUpa zalyoM ko dUra karake saralatA ko prApta karatA hai, phira strI veda aura napuMsaka veda (mohanIya nokaSAya karma ) kA bandha na karake pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA kara detA hai / garhA (AtmagarhA) bhI AlocanArUpa hI hai / isase jIva AtmAnamratA ( apuraskAra) ko prApta karatA hai, phira aprazastayoga (mana, vacana va kAya kI azubha pravRtti) se virakta hokara 1. AloyaNArihAIyaM pAyacchittaM tu dasavihaM / bhikkhU vahaI sammaM pAyacchittaM tamAhiyaM // 2. u0 26.5. - u0 30.31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [343 prazasta-yoga ko prApta karatA hai| isake bAda prazasta-yogavAlA sAdha anantaghAtI karma-paryAyoM ko naSTa kara detA hai|' kha. pratikramaNa - 'pramAda se jo doSa huA ho vaha mithyA ho' (micchA mi dukkaDaM) isa taraha kI mAnasika pratikriyA prakaTa karanA pratikramaNa prAyazcitta tapa hai| sAdhu isa prAyazcitta ko pratidina karatA hai| ataH ise chaH AvazyakoM meM ginAyA gayA hai| ___ ga. tadubhaya- AlocanA aura pratikramaNa ina donoM prakAra ke prAyazcittoM ke karane se jisa doSa kI zuddhi ho use 'tadubhayAha' doSa kahate haiM tathA isa doSa kI zUddhi karanA tadubhaya prAyazcitta hai| gha. viveka-yadi ajJAna se sadoSa AhArAdi liyA ho to bAda meM jJAna ho jAne para usakA tyAga kara denA viveka prAyazcitta hai| ___ Ga. vyutsarga-zarIra ke sabhI prakAra ke halana-calanarUpa vyApAroM ko tyAgakara ekAgratApUrvaka sthira honA arthAt 'kAyotsarga' karanA vyUtsarga prAyazcitta hai| yaha kAyotsargarUpa vyUtsarga chaH AvazyakoM meM bhI ginAyA gayA hai tathA Abhyantara tapa ke chaH bhedoM meM eka svatantra tapa bhI hai| ca. tapa - jisa doSa kI zuddhi anazana Adi tapa ke karane se ho use 'tapArha' doSa kahate haiM tathA usakI zuddhi ke lie anazana Adi tapa karanA tapa prAyazcitta hai| cha. cheda sAdhu kI dIkSA ke samaya ko ghaTA (cheda) denA cheda prAyazcitta hai| isase usa sAdhu ko jisako dIkSA kA samaya ghaTA diyA jAtA hai una sAdhuoM ko bhI namaskAra Adi karanA par3atA hai jinakI dIkSA kI avadhi usase jyAdA hotI hai, bhale hI ve use cheda prAyazcitta ke pUrva namaskAra Adi kyoM na karate rahe hoN| 1. u0 26 7. 2. mAnalo kisI sAdhu ko dIkSA lie cAra varSa pUre ho gae haiN| kisI aparAdha ke kAraNa eka dina guru usakI dIkSA ke samaya ko eka varSa cheda dete haiN| isake pariNAmasvarUpa aba use una sabhI sAdhuoM kI vaiyAvRtya Adi karanI par3atI hai jinakI dIkSA kA samaya tIna varSa se kucha adhika hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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344 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana ___ja. mUla-jisa doSa ke prAyazcitta meM sampUrNa (mUlasahita) dIkSA ke samaya ko cheda diyA jAe use mUla prAyazcitta kahate haiN| isake phalasvarUpa use punaH dIkSA lenI par3atI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM ise upasthApanA prAyazcitta tapa kahA hai|' ___ jha. anavasthApanA-jisa doSa ke prAyazcittasvarUpa sAdhu sampUrNa dIkSA ke cheda die jAne se pana: dIkSA lene ke yogya taba taka na ho jaba taka ki usa doSa ke prAyazcittasvarUpa guru ke dvArA batalAyA gayA anazana Adi tapa na kara liyA jaae| a. pArAJcika -- sabase bar3e aparAdha ke lie kiyA jAnevAlA sarvAdhika kaThora prAyazcitta vizeSa / ___ uparyukta 10 prakAra ke prAyazcittoM meM yadi pratikramaNa ke bAda AlocanA prAyazcitta ko rakhA jAe to ye prAyazcitta kramazaH uttarottara gurutara aparAdha (doSa) kI zuddhi meM nimitta bneNge| pratikramaNa sAmAnya doSa ke lie kiyA jAtA hai tathA AlocanA usase gurutara aparAdha ke lie kI jAtI hai| isIlie pratikramaNa prAyazcitta meM guru ke samIpa doSoM ko kahe binA hI svataH pazcAttAparUpa mAnasika-pratikriyA prakaTa kI jAtI hai, jabaki AlocanA meM guru ke samakSa doSoM ko kahanA par3atA hai| jItakalpa sUtra meM inakA vistRta varNana milatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM isa tapa ke ha bheda ginAe haiM jinameM anavasthApana aura pArAJcika ye do bheda nahIM haiN| isake atirikta vahA~ 'parihAra' (kucha samaya ke lie saMgha se nikAla denA) nAmaka eka anya prAyazcitta ginAyA gayA hai| 2. vinaya tapa : guru ke prati namratA kA vyavahAra karanA vinaya tapa hai| yaha vinamratA pA~ca prakAra se prazita kI jA sakatI haiH 1. abhyutthAna 1. AlocanApratikramagatadubhayavivekavyutsargatapazchedaparihAropasthApanAH / -ta0 sU0 6.22. 2. vahI For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [345 (guru ke Ane para khar3e honA ), 2. aJjalikaraNa ( hAtha jor3akara namaskAra karanA), 3. AsanadAna (uccAsana denA), 4. gurubhakti (guru ke prati anurAga ) aura 5. bhAvazuzrUSA (guru kI antaHkaraNa se sevA karanA ) / ye hI vinaya tapa ke pA~ca prakAra haiN|' dharmavRddhi evaM jJAnaprApti ke lie guru ke prati kI gaI vinaya hI yahAM para vinaya tapa hai| dhanaprApti Adi ke lie kI gaI vinaya yahAM para abhipreta nahIM hai / sAdha ke lie yaha tapa Avazyaka hai| ataH chaH AvazyakoM meM 'vandana' nAma kA eka Avazyaka bhI mAnA gayA hai| isakA vizeSa vicAra vinIta ziSya ke prasaMga meM kiyA jA cukA hai| 3. vaiyAvRtya tapa : AhAra-pAna Adi ke dvArA (glAni ke binA) gurujanoM kI yathAzakti sevA-zuzrUSA karanA vaiyAvatya tapa hai| gurujanoM kI sevA karanA sAdhu kA pratidina kA sAmAnya kArya hai jaisAki sAdha kI dinacaryA meM batalAyA gayA hai| yadyapi vinaya tapa ke bhAva-zuzrUSA nAmaka pA~caveM bheda ke antargata hI yaha tapa A jAtA hai parantu yahAM para jo isakA svatantra tapa ke rUpa meM kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha isa para vizeSa jora dene ke lie hai| dIkSAguru Adi sevAyogya pAtroM ( vyaktiyoM ) 2 kI apekSA se isa tapa ke 10 bheda ginAe 1. abbhuTANaM aMjalikaraNaM tahevAsaNadAyaNaM / gurubhattibhAvasussUsA viNao esa viyAhio // __ -u0 30.32. 2. sevAyogya 10 pAtra isa prakAra haiM : 1. dIkSAgUru ( AcArya ), 2. jJAna denevAlA adhyApaka ( upAdhyAya ), 3. jJAnavayovRddha sAdhu ( sthavira ), 4. ugra tapa karanevAlA ( tapasvI ), 5. rogAdi se pIr3ita sAdhu ( glAna ), 6, navadIkSita sAdhu (zaikSa), 7. sahadharmI ( sAdhArmika ), 8. eka hI dIkSAguru kA ziSya-samudAya (kula), 6. aneka dIkSA guruoM ke ziSyoM kA samudAya ( gaNa ) aura 10. sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka tathA zrAvikA kA samudAya ( saMgha ) / For Personal & Private Use Only

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346 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana gae haiN|' grantha meM isa tapa kA phala batalAte hae likhA hai ki isase AzAtanA rahita ( ucchRkhalatA se rahita ) vinaya kI prApti hotI hai| isake bAda vaha cAroM gatiyoM ke karmabandha ko rokakara tIrthaGkara (jisake prabhAva se jIva dharmapravartana karake siddha ho jAtA hai) nAmaka gotra karma kA bandha karatA hai| isake atirikta saba prakAra ke vinayamUlaka prazasta-kAryoM ko karatA haA anya jIvoM ko bhI vinayadharma meM pravRtta karAtA hai| isa taraha isa. tapa kA prayojana vinaya tapa ko samRddha karanA hai| 4. svAdhyAya tapa: jJAnaprApti ke lie zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA svAdhyAya tapa hai| sAdha ke lie dina evaM rAtri ke kula ATha praharoM meM se cAra praharoM meM ( arthAt 12 ghaMTe) svAdhyAya karane kA vidhAna hai| isa svAdhyAya tapa ke pA~ca prakAra haiM jinase yukta adhyayana svAdhyAya kahalAtA hai| svAdhyAya ke ve pA~ca prakAra ye haiM : 3 ka. vAcanA-zAstroM (sadgranthoM) kA par3hanA yA par3hAnA 'vAcanA' tapa hai| vAcanA se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai tathA zAstroM kI surakSA banI rahatI hai| kiJca, sAdhaka vAcanA kA abhyAsa karake mahAparyavasAna ( mokSa ) ko prApta kara letA hai| 1. AyariyamAIe vyAvaccammi dasavihe / AsevaNaM jahAthAma veyAvaccaM tamAhiyaM / / -u0 30.33. tathA dekhie-u0 12.24; 26.6-10, 33. 2 veyAvacceNaM titthayaranAmagotaM kammaM nibaMdhai / -u0 26 4. tathA dekhie-u0 26.4 3. vAyaNA pucchaNA ceva taheva priyttttnnaa| aNuppehA dhammakahA sajjhAo paMcahA bhave / / -u0 30.34. tathA dekhie-u0 24.8. 4. u0 26.16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakara 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 347 kha. pRcchanA yA pratipRcchanA-vizeSa jJAnaprApti ke lie tathA sUtrArtha meM sandeha utpanna hone para guru se prazna pUchanA 'pRcchanA' hai| isase jIva sUtra aura artha ( zabdArtha ) kA spaSTa va samyaka jJAna prApta kara letA hai tathA sandeha evaM moha ko utpanna karanevAle karma (kAMkSA mohanIya) ko naSTa kara detA hai|' __ga parivartanA-jJAna ko sthira banAe rakhane ke lie par3he hue viSaya ko pUnaH-punaH duharAnA ( punarAvarta karanA ) parivartanA hai| isase jIva ko eka akSara kI smRti se tadanukUla anya saikar3oM akSaroM kI smRti ( vyaJjanalabdhi ) ho jAtI hai tathA ve smRtipaTala para sthira ho jAte haiN| gha anuprekSA-sUtrArtha kA cintana evaM manana karanA anuprekSA hai| isase jIva AyU.karma ke atirikta zeSa sAta karmo ke gADha-bandhanoM ko zithila kara detA hai, dIrghakAla kI sthitivAle karmoM ko hrasvakAla kI sthitivAlA kara detA hai, tIvra phaladAyinI zakti ko alpa phaladAyinI zaktivAlA kara detA hai, bahupradezI ko alpapradezI kara detA hai / Ayu karma kA punaH bandha ho yA na ho parantu duHkha ko denevAle ( asAtA vedanIya ) karmoM kA vaha bAra-bAra bandha nahIM karatA hai tathA anAdi-ananta, dIrghamArgI va caturgatirUpa saMsArakAntAra ko zIghra hI pAra kara jAtA hai|' Ga. dharmakathA-prApta kie hue jJAna ko dharmopadeza dvArA vyakta karanA ( dharmopadeza denA ) dharmakathA hai / isase jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karake dharmasiddhAnta kI unnati (pravacana-prabhAvanA ) karatA hai| tadanantara bhaviSyatakAla meM sukhakara zubha-karmoM kA hI bandha . . karatA hai| .. isa taraha ina pA~coM aMgoM ke sAtha svAdhyAya tapa karane se jIva jJAna ko AvRtta karanevAle jJAnAvaraNIya karma ko naSTa kara 1. u0 26.20. 2. u0 26.21. 3. u0 26.22. 4. u0 26.23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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246 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana detA hai, phira saba prakAra ke padArthoM kA jJAtA hokara mukti ko prApta kara letA hai | ataH grantha meM ise saba prakAra ke padArthoM ( bhAvoM ) ko prakAzita karanevAlA tathA saba prakAra ke duHkhoM se chuTakArA dilAnevAlA kahA hai / " 5. dhyAna tapa : citta ko ekAgra karanA dhyAna hai / Alambana - viSaya kI dRSTi se isake cAra bheda kie gae haiN| isameM Adi ke do dhyAnoM meM. azubhAlambana hotA hai tathA anta ke do dhyAnoM meM zubhAlambana hotA hai | ataH Adi ke do dhyAna aprazasta evaM anupAdeya haiM tathA anta ke do dhyAna prazasta tathA upAdeya haiM / zubhAlambanavAle prazasta dhyAna hI yahA~ para dhyAna tapa ke rUpa meM gRhIta haiM / 3 dhyAna ke ye cAra prakAra nimnokta haiM : ka. ArtadhyAna - iSTa-viyoga, aniSTa saMyoga Adi sAMsArika du:khoM ( Arta ) se utpanna vikalatArUpa satata cintana ArtadhyAna hai / kha. raudradhyAna - hiMsAdi meM pravRtti karAnevAle krUra ( raudra ) vicAroM kA satata cintana karanA raudradhyAna hai / ga. dharmadhyAna- kisI eka dhArmika viSaya para citta ko ekAgra karanA dharmadhyAna hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM viSaya kI dRSTi se isake cAra 1. sajjhAeNaM nANAvara NijjaM kamma khaMvei || - u0 26.18.. sajjhAe vA niutteNa savvadukkhavimokkhaNe / - u0 26.10. tathA dekhie - u0 26.21; 26.24. 2. jIvassa egagga - jogAbhiNiveso jhANaM / - uddhRta, zramaNasUtra, pR0 136. 3. aTTaruddANi vajjittA jhAejjA susamAhie / dhammasukkAI jhANAI jhANaM taM tu buhA vae || - u0 30.35.. tathA dekhie - u0 31.6; 26.12; 34.31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 346 bheda ginAe haiM / ' ekAgracitta se svAdhyAya karanA bhI dharmadhyAna hai | ataH grantha meM svAdhyAya se saMyukta gardabhAli muni ko dharmadhyAna karanevAlA kahA gayA hai / gha. zukladhyAna - zuddha Atma-tattva meM citta ko sthira karanA zukladhyAna hai / zoka ( zuca) ko dUra (klAmanA) karanevAlA dhyAna zukladhyAna hai / 3 tattvArtha sUtra meM isake uttarottara vikAsakrama ke AdhAra para cAra bheda kie gae haiM / ve cAra bheda isa prakAra haiM : 1. pRthaktvavitarka savIcAra - zrutajJAna (vitarka) kA Alambana lekara bhedapradhAna ( pRthaktva) cintana karanA 'pRthaktvavitarka' kahalAtA hai | isameM bhedapradhAna cintana kI avicchinna dhArA ke rahane para bhI vicAroM kA saMkramaNa ( parivartana ) hotA rahatA hai / ata: ise pRthaktvavitarka savIcAra dhyAna kahate haiM / 2. ekatvavitarka nirvocArazrutajJAna ( vitarka) kA Alambana lekara abheda ( ekatva yA apRthaktva ) pradhAna cintana 'ekatvavitarka' kahalAtA hai / isameM vicAroM kA saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai / ata: ise ekatvavitarka nirvIcAra dhyAna kahate haiM / 3. sUkSmakriyApratipAti - zvAsocchvAsa jaisI atyanta sUkSma kriyA ke vartamAna rahane se tathA apatanazIla ( apratipAtI ) hone se ise sUkSmakriyA pratipAti dhyAna kahate haiM / isameM manoyoga, vacanayoga evaM kAyayoga kA kramazaH nirodha hotA hai / isa dhyAna kI prApti kevalajJAna kI prApti ke bAda Ayu ke antarmuhUrta pramANa zeSa rahane para hotI hai / isa dhyAna meM zvAsocchvAsa ko chor3akara pUrNa nizceSTAvasthA rahatI hai / 4. samucchinna kriyA'nivRtti - zvAsocchvAsa 1 1. AjJA pAyavipAkasaMsthAnavicayAya dharmamapramattasaMyatasya / - ta0 sU0 6.37. 2. sajjhAyajjhANasaMjutto dhammajjhANaM jhiyAya / 3. zucaM zokaM klAmayatIti zuklaM / ( 30.35 ) bhAvavijayaTIkA / 4. pRthaktva karava-vitarka sUkSmakriyApratipAti vyuparata kriyAnivartIni / 5. u0 26.72 - u0 18.4. - u0 For Personal & Private Use Only - - ta0 sU0 1.36.

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350 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana kriyA ke bhI zAnta ho jAne para jo pUrNa nizcala avasthA kI prApti hotI hai use samucchinna kiyA'nivRtti dhyAna kahate haiM / isa avasthA kI prApti ke bAda puna: saMsAra meM AvAgamana nahIM hotA hai / isa avasthA kI sthiti a, i, u, R evaM lR ina pA~ca hrasvAkSaroM ke uccAraNapramANa mAnI hai / isake bAda avaziSTa sabhI aghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa karake jIva mukta ho jAtA hai / " yaha dhyAna kI sarvocca evaM antima avasthA hai / ina cAra prakAra ke zukladhyAnoM meM prathama do dhyAna Alambanasahita hone se zrutajJAnadhArI ( pUrvadhara ) ke hote haiM tathA bAda ke do dhyAna Alambanarahita hone se kevalajJAnI jIvanmuktoM ke hote haiM / isa taraha ina pramukha cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM meM Arta aura raudra dhyAna mukti meM sAdhaka na hone se tyAjya haiM tathA dharma aura zukla dhyAna upAdeya haiM / dharmadhyAna kA prayojana zukladhyAna kI avasthA ko prApta karAnA hai / grantha meM sAdhu kI dina evaM rAtricaryA ke ATha praharoM meM se do prahara dharma aura zukla ina do dhyAnoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI nizcita kie gae haiN| ekAgramanaH sanniveza ( mana ko ekAgra karanA ), manaH samAdhAraNa, manogupti Adi sabhI isI dhyAna kI prApti ke prati kAraNa haiM / " 6. kAyotsarga yA vyutsarga tapa : zayana karane, baiThane aura khar3e rahane ke samaya zarIra ko idhara-udhara na hilAkara sthira rakhanA kAyotsarga tapa hai | 3 sAdhu sAmAnyataura se vyutsRSTakAya ( zarIra se mamatvarahita ) hokara hI vihAra karate haiM / chaH AvazyakoM meM kAyotsarga eka Avazyaka ( nityakarma ) bhI hai / prAyazcitta tapa ke bhedoM meM bhI kAyotsarga 1. u0 26.71, 41. 2. dekhie -- prakaraNa 4, manogupti / 3. sayaNAsaNaThANe vA je u bhikkhU na vAvare | atra viggo chaTTo so parivittio // 4. u0 35.15, - u0 30.36. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 351 ko ginAyA gayA hai| yahAM para isakA pRthak kathana vizeSa jora dene ke lie kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha ina sabhI Abhyantara tapa ke bhedoM meM aisA koI bhI tapa nahIM hai jise sAdhu kisI na kisI rUpa meM pratidina na karatA ho / ina Abhyantara tapoM kI kramarUpatA kA yadi vicAra kiyA jAe to vinaya tapa ke pahale vaiyAvatya tapa tathA dhyAna ke pahale vyutsarga tapa AnA caahie| vaiyAvatya tapa se vinaya kI prApti hotI hai tathA vinaya tapa meM vaiyAvatya tapa A hI jAtA hai| isI prakAra dhyAna tapa meM kAyotsarga ho hI jAtA hai kyoMki binA kAyotsarga ke dhyAna saMbhava hI nahIM hai| isake atirikta kAyotsarga niSedhAtmaka hai jabaki dhyAna vidhAnAtmaka hai| vinaya, vaiyAvRtya aura svAdhyAyaM vizeSakara jJAna kI prApti se sambandhita haiN| prAyazcitta AcAragata doSoM kI zuddhi se tathA kAyotsarga aura dhyAna tapa mana, vacana va kAya kI pravRtti kI sthiratA se sambandhita haiN| ___ isa taraha ina bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM prakAra ke tapoM kA varNana kiyA gyaa| yogadarzana tathA bauddhadarzana meM bhI ina tapoM ( vizeSakara dhyAna ) kA samAdhi ke rUpa meM varNana milatA hai|' prakRta grantha meM tapa kA mukhya prayojana ( phala ) pUrvasaMcita saikar3oM bhavoM meM bhoge jAnevAle karmoM ko AtmA se pRthaka (nirjINaM) karanA hai| isake atirikta tapa sAdhu jIvana kI eka sampatti hai|2 tapa se Rddhi Adi kI prApti hotI hai| isake atirikta tapasvI kI sevA karane meM devatA bhI apanA ahobhAgya samajhate 1. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-visuddhimagga, pariccheda 3, 4, 11; pAtaJjala yogadarzana tathA isI prakaraNa kA anuzIlana / 2. virattakAmANa tavodhaNANaM / -u0 13.17. 3. iDDhI vAvi tvssinno| -u0 2. 44. tathA dekhie-u0 12.37. For Personal & Private Use Only

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352 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana haiM / ye tapa AtmazaktiyoM ke vikAsa evaM vizuddhi kI parakha ke lie kasauTIrUpa bhI haiM / inase svarga yA saMsAra se pUrNa nivRttirUpa mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / isa taraha ina tapoM kA karmoM ko balAt udaya meM lAkara nirjIrNa karane meM tathA saMsAra se mukti dilAne meM pramukha hAtha hone se inakA cAritra se pRthak kathana kiyA gayA hai / tapa kI saphalatA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki zarIra ke sUkha jAne para bhI tapazcaraNa se vicalita na hove tathA tapa ke phala kI icchA bhI na kare | 3 parISaha jaya sAdhu ko apanI sAdhanA ke patha meM nAnA prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karanA par3atA hai kyoMki usakA sampUrNa jIvana tapomaya hai tathA tapa kI saphalatA kaSToM ko sahana kie binA saMbhava nahIM hai / sAMsArika viSayoM meM Asakti honA hI ina kaSToM kA kAraNa hai tathA sAMsArika viSayabhogoM se nirAsakti kaSToM para vijaya hai / ye kaSTa manuSyakRta, tiryaJcakRta yA devakRta ho sakate haiM / ina kaSToM se na ghabar3AnA hI sAdhu kA karttavya hai / sAdhu mukhyarUpa se jina kSudhAdi kaSToM ko sahana karatA hai unheM grantha meM 'parISaha' zabda se kahA gayA hai / parISaha ke hI artha meM ' upasarga' zabda kA bhI prayoga milatA hai / ina kaSToM ( upasarga evaM parISaha ) ko jItane 1. u0 12.36-37. 2. evaM tavaM tu duviha je sammaM Ayare muNI / soppaM savvasaMsArA vippamuccar3a paMDio | 3. kAlIpavvaMga saMkA se kise dhamaNisaMtae / mAyane asaNapANassa adINamaNaso care // - u0 30.37. - u0 2.30 4. je bhikkhU soccA naccA jiJcA abhibhUya bhikkhAyariyAe parivvayaMto puTTho no vinihannejjA | tathA dekhie - u0 21.18,20 - u0 2.1-3 (gadya). For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 353 ko 'haja' kahate haiM aura jo ina para vijaya prApta kara letA hai vaha saMsAra meM bhramaNa nahIM karatA hai / " parISahajaya ke bheda va svarUpa : yadyapi ina parISahoM kI saMkhyA ananta ho sakatI hai parantu grantha meM inheM bAIsa bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / inase pIr3ita hokara dharmacyuta na honA parISahajaya hai / ve bAIsa parISahajaya isa prakAra haiM : 2 1. kSudhA parISahajaya - bhUkha se vyAkula hone para tathA zarIra ke atyanta kRza ho jAne para bhI kSudhA kI zAnti ke lie na to phalAdi ko svayaM tor3anA, na dUsare se tur3avAnA, na pakAnA aura na dUsare se pakavAnA apitu kSudhAjanya kaSTa ko saba prakAra se sahana karanA kSudhA parISahajaya hai / 3 2. tRSA parISahajaya - pyAsa se mukha ke sUkha jAne para tathA nirjanasthAna ke hone para bhI zItala ( sacitta ) jala kA sevana na karake acitta jala kI prApti ke lie hI prayatna karanA tRSA parISahajaya hai|4 3. zIta parISahajaya - grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue yadi zItajanya kaSTa hone lage to zItanivAraka sthAna evaM vastrAdi ke 1 divve ya je uvasagge tahA tericchamANuse / je bhikkhU sahai nicca se na acchai maMDale || Paatar sabale bAbIsAe parIsahe / bhikkhU jayaI nicca se na acchai maMDale || 2. ime khalu te bAvIsaM parIsahA sAparIsa he " --u0 31.5. -u0 31.15. "taM jahA - digichAparIsa he pivA - "annANaparIsa he daMsaNaparIsahe / - u0 2.3-4 (gadya). 3. dekhie - pR0 352, pA0 Ti0 3; u0 2.2; 16.32. 4. sIodagaM na sevejjA viyaDassesaNaM care / - u0 2.4. tathA dekhie - u0 2.5. For Personal & Private Use Only

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354 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . . na rahane para bhI agni Adi ke sevana kA cintana na karate hue tajjanya kaSTa ko sahana karanA zIta parISahajaya hai|' 4. uSNa parISahajaya-ise Atapa ( dhUpa ) parISahajaya bhI kahA gayA hai| garmI athavA agni se atyanta paritApa ko prApta hone para bhI snAna karanA, mukha ko pAnI se sIMcanA, paMkhA jhalanA Adi paritApa-nivAraka upAyoM ke dvArA zAnti kI abhilASA na karanA uSNa parISahajaya hai| 5. daMzamazaka parISahajaya-daMzamazaka Adi ( sAMpa, biccha, macchar3a Adi ) jantuoM ke dvArA kATe jAne para bhI saMgrAma meM Age rahanevAle hastI kI taraha aDiga rahakara una rudhira aura mAMsa khAnevAloM koM dveSa-buddhi ke kAraNa na to haTAnA aura na pIr3ita karanA daMzamazaka parISahajaya hai| 6. acela parISahajaya-vastrarahita yA alpa vastrasahita ho jAne para kisI prakAra kI cintA na karanA acela parISahajaya hai| yahAM para vastrasahita aura vastrarahita donoM avasthAoM meM acela parISaha batalAyA gayA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki sAdhu do prakAra ke hote the-eka vaha jo vastra dhAraNa karate the (sthavirakalpI yA zvetAmbara) aura dUsare vaha jo vastra se rahita hote the ( jinakalpI yA 1. caraMtaM virayaM lUhaM sIyaM phusai egyaa| ahaM tu aggiM sevAmi ii bhikkhU na ciMtae / -u02.6-7. tathA dekhie-u0 16.32. 2. ghisu vA pariyAveNaM sAyaM no paridevae / -u028. tathA dekhie-u0 2.6; 16.32, 3. puTTho ya daMsamasaehiM samare va mahAmuNI / -u0 2.10. tathA dekhie-u0 2.11; 16.32. 4. dekhie -pR0 32, pA0 Ti0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 355 digambara ) / ' aisI sthiti meM hI vastrarahita yA vastrasahita ubhaya avasthAoM meM yaha parISaha sambhava hai| 7. arati parISahajaya-grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue sAdhu sAdhuvRtti se udAsa ho sakatA hai| ataH isa udAsI ko na hone denA tathA dharma kA pAlana karate rahanA arati parISahajaya hai / 2 isa taraha arati se tAtparya hai-sAdhuvRtti meM aruci utpanna honA aura usa aruci ko utpanna na hone denA arati parISahajaya hai| 8. strI parISahajaya-strI Adi ko dekhakara kAmavihvala na honA strI parISahajaya hai| yahAM 'strI' zabda kAmavAsanA kA upalakSaNa hai| ataH puruSa ko dekhakara sAdhvI kA kAmavihvala na honA bhI strI parISahajaya hai| rathanemI rAjImatI ko ekAnta meM nagna dekhakara tathA strI parISaha se parAjita hokara jaba kAmavihvala ho jAte haiM taba rAjImatI unheM sadupadeza dvArA sanmArga meM sthita karatI hai| isake bAda donoM saMyama meM sthita hokara strI parISahajaya karate haiN| 6. caryA parISahajaya-yahAM caryA zabda kA artha hai-gamana / ataH kisI gRhastha yA grahAdi meM Asakti na karate hue grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate samaya utpanna sabhI prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karanA caryA parISahajaya hai|" 10. naidhikI parISahajaya-zmazAna, zUnyagRha, vRkSamUla Adi sthAnoM meM dhyAnastha baiThe rahane para yadi koI kaSTa yA bhayAdi ho 1. itthaM sthavirakalpikamAzrityAcelakaparISaha uktH........| -vahI, nemicandravRtti, pR0 22. 2. u0 2.14-15. 3. saMgo esa maNassANaM jAo logammi ithio / jassa eyA parinnAyA sukaDaM tassa sAmaNNaM // -u0 2.16. tathA dekhie-u0 2.17. 4. u0 21.21. 5. u0 2.18-16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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356 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana to usI sthAna para baiThe hue usa upasarga (Apatti) ko sahana karanA naSedhikI parISahajaya hai|' 11. zayyA parISahajaya-UMcI-nIcI zayyA ( zayana karane kA sthAna ) ke milane para yaha vicArate hue ki eka rAtri merA kyA kara legI, karttavya kA pAlana karate rahanA zayyA parISahajaya hai / 2 12. Akroza parISahajaya-dAruNa kaNTaka ke samAna marma-bhedaka kaThora vacanoM ko sunakara bhI cupa rahanA tathA usake prati thor3A bhI . krodha na karanA Akroza parISahajaya hai| 13. vadha parISahajaya-kisI ke mArane (prANaghAta) ko tatpara hone para bhI yaha socakara ki isa jIva kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA hai tathA kSamA sabase bar3A dharma hai, mAranevAle para mana se bhI dveSa na karate hue dharma kA hI cintana karanA vadha parISahajaya hai|' 14. yAcanA parISahajaya-sAdha ke pAsa jo bhI vastue~ hotI haiM ve saba gRhastha se mAMgI huI hotI haiN| usake pAsa binA mAMgI huI apanI koI bhI vastu nahIM hotI hai| ataH 'gRhasthoM se pratidina 1. akukkuo nisIejjA na ya vittAsae paraM / / -u0 2.20.. tathA dekhie-u0 2.21; 21.22. 2. uccAvayAhiM sejjAhiM tavassI bhikkhu thAmavaM / -u0 2.22. kimegarAI karissai evaM tattha'hiyAsae / -u0 2.23. tathA dekhie-u0 16.32. 3. akkosejjA pare bhikkhu na tesi paDisaMjale / -u0 2.24. tathA dekhie-u0 2.25; 12.31-33,16.32,84; 21.20 Adi / 4. hao na saMjale bhikkhU / -u02.26. tathA dekhie-u0 2.27;16.33. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [357 AhArAdi mAMgane kI apekSA ghara meM rahanA acchA hai' isa prakAra yAcanAjanya dInatA ke bhAva na Ane denA yAcanA parISahajaya hai|' 15. alAbha parISahajaya-AhArAdi kI yAcanA karane para kabhIkabhI unakI prApti nahIM hotI hai| ataH AhArAdi kI prApti na hone para duHkhI na hote hue yaha socanA-'Aja bhikSA nahIM milI, kala mila jAegI' alAbha parISahajaya hai / 2 16. roga parISahajaya-zarIra meM kisI prakAra ke rogAdi ke ho jAne para auSadhisevana (cikitsA) na karate hue samatApUrvaka rogajanya kaSTa ko sahana karanA roga parISaha jaya hai / mRgAputra sAdha ke isa parISahajaya ke viSaya meM mRga kA dRSTAnta detA hai'jisa prakAra mRga ko rogAdi ho jAne para usakI koI davA Adi se sevA nahIM karatA hai aura kucha samaya bAda vaha roga ke dUra ho jAne para anyatra vicaraNa kara jAtA hai usI prakAra sAdha ko rogAdi ke hone para auSadhi kI kAmanA nahIM karanI caahie|4 / 17. tRNasparza parISahajaya-tRNoM para zayana karate samaya acela sAdha kA zarIra vikRta ho sakatA hai| ata: aisI avasthA meM bhI vastrAdi kI abhilASA na karanA tRNasparza parISahajaya hai|5 1. goyaraggapaviTThassa pANI no suppasArae / seo agAravAsutti ii bhikkhU na ciMtae / / -u0 2.26. tathA dekhie-u0 2.28; 16 33. 2. ajjevAhaM na labbhAmi avi lAbho sue siyA / jo evaM paDisaMcikkhe alAbho taM na tajjae / -u02.31. tathA dekhie-u0 2.30; 16.33. 3. tegicchaM nAbhinaMdejjA saMcikkha'ttagavesae / -u0 2.33. tathA dekhie-u0 2 32; 15.8. 4. u0 16.76-77. 5. evaM naccA na sevaMti taMtujaM tnntjjiyaa| -u0 2.35. tathA dekhie-u0 2.34; 16.32. For Personal & Private Use Only

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358 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 18. jalla parISahajaya - pasInA, kIcar3a, dhUli Adi ke zarIra para ikaTThe ho jAne para bhI zarIra bheda paryanta use dUra karane kA prayatna na karanA jalla parISahajaya hai / ' arthAt ghRNita vastuoM kA samparka hone para unase ghRNAdi na karanA tathA zarIra ke saMskAra (snAna) Adi kI abhilASA na karanA jalla parISahajaya hai / 16. satkAra puraskAra parISahajaya- abhivAdana, namaskAra, nimantraNa Adi se kisI anya sAdhu kA sammAna hote dekhakara tathA svayaM kA sammAnAdi na hone para IrSyAbhAva na karate hue vItarAgI rahanA satkAra-puraskAra parISahajaya hai / 2 20 prajJA parISahajaya - jJAna kI prApti ho jAne para bhI yadi kisI ke pUchane para uttara na de sake to 'karmoM kA yaha phala hai' aisA vicAra karanA prajJA parISahajaya hai / 3 21. ajJAna parISahajaya - saba prakAra se sAdhu-dharma kA pAlana karane para bhI ajJAnatA ke dUra na hone para yaha na socanA - 'maiM vyartha bhogoM se nivRtta huA aura jJAna kI prApti bhI nahIM huI' ajJAna parISahajaya hai / arthAt jJAna kI prApti na hone para bhI dharma meM dRr3ha rahanA ajJAna parISahajaya hai / 1. jAva sarIrabheotti jallaM kAraNa dhArae / .- u0 2.37. tathA dekhie - u0 2.36; 19.32. 2. abhivAyaNamabbhuTThAgaM sAmI kujjA nimaMtaNaM / je tAiM paDisevaMti na tesi pIhae muNI // - u0 2.38. tathA dekhie - u0 2.36; 21.20. 3. se nUNaM mae puvvaM kammA'NANaphalAkaDA | jeNAhaM nAbhijAnAmi puTTho keNai kaNhuI || - u0 2.40. tathA dekhie - u0 2.41. 4. niraTThagammi virao mehuNAo susaMvuDo / jo sakkhaM nAbhijAnAmi dhammaM kallANapAvagaM // tathA dekhie - u0 2.43. - u0 2.42. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 356 22. darzana parISahajaya-paraloka nahIM hai, tapa se Rddhi kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, maiM bhikSAdharma lekara ThagA gayA hU~, tIrthaGkara (jina) na the, na haiM aura na hoMge' isa taraha dharma meM avizvAsa na hone denA darzana parISahajaya hai|' arthAta hara paristhiti meM dharma meM dRr3ha vizvAsa rakhanA / jaba taka aisI dRr3ha zraddhA nahIM hogI taba taka sAdhu anya parISahoM ko nahIM jIta sakatA hai kyoMki zraddhA kI nIMva para hI to dharma kI imArata khar3I hai| parISahajaya kI kaThoratA : ___ isa taraha grantha meM sAdhu ke lie upayukta 22 prakAra ke parISahoM ke sahana karane kA vidhAna hai| ina para kisa taraha vijaya prApta karanA cAhie isa viSaya meM likhA hai ki sAdhu pUrvabaddha karmoM kA phala jAnakara dhairyapUrvaka yuddhasthala meM sthita hastI kI taraha, vAyu ke pracaNDa vega se kampita na honevAle meru parvata kI taraha aura bhaya ko prApta na honevAle siMha kI taraha aDiga evaM Atmagupta hokara ina parISahoM ko sahana kre| isa taraha ina parISahoM ke Ane para aDiga rahanA bar3A kaThina hai / 2 isa parISahajaya ke varNana se sAdhu ke kartavyoM kA bodha hotA hai / acela aura taNasparza parISahajaya vizeSakara jinakalpI yA digambara sAdhu kI apekSA se haiM kyoMki vastrarahita hone para ina parISahoM kI sambhAvanA adhika hai| kucha parISaha eka sAtha Ate haiM / sAdhu pratidina kucha na kucha parISaha avazya hI sahana karatA hai| jaise : kSadhA, tRSA, tRNasparza, yAcanA, jalla, zIta, uSNa Adi / mAlUma par3atA hai ki inakI saMkhyA deza-kAla kI paristhiti ke anusAra hI nizcita kI gaI hai| jaise: arati, darzana, prajJA, ajJAna Adi 1. natthi naNaM pare loe iDDhI vAvi tavassiNo / aduvA vaMciomi tti ii bhikkhU na ciMtae / -u02.44, tathA dekhie-u0 2.45. 2. u0 21.17,16; 16.32-33,62 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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360 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana paristhiti ke anusAra bar3hAe gae parISaha haiN| vastutaH parISahajaya se tAtparya hai-nindA-prazaMsA, lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha, mAna-apamAna Adi anukala aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke Ane para bhI samabhAva rakhate hue apane kartavya-patha meM dRr3ha rhnaa| 'strI' parISaha se usa samaya ke puruSoM kI prabhusattA kA jJAna hotA hai, anyathA 'kAma' aisA parISaha kA nAma ho sakatA thaa| sAdhu kI pratimAe~ yahA~ 'pratimA' zabda kA artha hai-eka vizeSa prakAra ke tapa kA niyama lenA / grantha meM sAdhu kI pratimAoM kA sirpha do jagaha ullekha huA hai jinakA pAlana karane se saMsAra meM bhramaNa nahIM hotA hai|' bAraha kI saMkhyA ke prasaMga meM inakA ullekha hone se inakI saMkhyA bAraha hai / yadyapi grantha meM inake nAmAdi kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai tathApi TIkA-granthoM se nimna jAnakArI prApta hotI hai : pratimA-anazana tapavizeSa kA abhyAsa : TIkA-granthoM meM dazAzrutaskandha ke saptama adhyAya ( uddeza ) ke anusAra jina 12 pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unheM dekhane se patA calatA hai ki ina pratimAoM ke nAma samaya kI sImA ke AdhAra para kie gae haiM tathA inameM eka nizcita krama ke anusAra anazana aura UnodarI tapa kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| ye 1. paDimaM paDivajjo / -u0 2.43. bhikkhUNaM paDimAsu ya / -u0 31.11. 2. sAdhu kI bAraha pratimAe~ ye haiM : 1. ekamAsikI-eka mAsa taka eka datti anna kI evaM eka datti jala kI grahaNa karanA aura AnevAle sabhI prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karanA, 2. dvimAsikI-do mAsa taka do dattiyA~ jala kI aura do dattiyAM anna kI lenA, 3. trimAsikI-tIna mAsa taka tIna dattiyA~ lenA, 4. caturmAsikI-cAra mAsa taka cAra dattiyA~ lenA, 5. paJcamAsikI-pA~ca mAsa taka For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 361 pratimAe~ vastutaH anazana tapa ke abhyAsa ke lie prakAra-vizeSa haiN| vyavahArasUtra meM anya prakAra se bhI sAdhu kI pratimAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| parantu sabakA tAtparya eka hI hai-anazana tapa kA abhyAsa / digambara-paramparA meM sAdhu kI pratimAoM kA varNana nahIM milatA hai| isa taraha ye sAdhu kI pratimAe~ gRhastha kI 11 pratimAoM se bhinna haiN| ina pratimAoM kA pAlana karate samaya kSudhAdi parISahoM ko bhI sahana karanA par3atA hai| samAdhimaraNa-sallekhanA samAdhimaraNa ( sallekhanA ) kA artha hai-mRtyu ke sannikaTa A jAne para cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake AtmadhyAna karate hae prasannatApUrvaka prANoM kA tyAga krnaa| ise grantha meM 'paNDitamaraNa' evaM 'sakAmamaraNa' zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai| kyoMki pAMca dattiyA~ lenA, 6. SaTmAsikI-chaH mAsa taka chaH dattiyAM lenA, 7. saptamAsikI-sAta mAsa taka sAta dattiyAM lenA, 8. prathama sapta ahorAtrikI-sAta dinarAtaparyanta nirjala-upavAsa (caturthabhakta) karate hue dhyAna karanA, 6. dvitIya sapta ahorAtrikI-sAta dinarAta taka kisI anya Asana-vizeSa se dhyAna karanA, 10. tRtIya sapta ahorAtrikI-sAta dina-rAta taka anya kisI Asana-vizeSa se dhyAna karanA, 11. ahorAtrikI-nirjala do upavAsa (SaSThabhakta) karanA, aura 12. rAtrikI-eka rAtriparyanta nirjala upavAsa (aSTabhakta) krnaa| yahA~ datti zabda kA artha hai-eka hI samaya meM lagAtAra binA dhArA TUTe jitanA AhAra athavA pAnI sAdhu ke pAtra meM DAla diyA jAtA hai use eka datti kahate haiN| -u0 31.11 (TIkAe~); dazAzrutaskandha, uddeza 7. 1. vyavahArasUtra, uddeza 10. 2. itto sakAmamaraNaM paMDiyANaM suNeha me| -u0 5.17. tathA dekhie-u0 5.2; 35.20 ; 36.251-252,263 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

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362] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana isakI prApti viSayAdi se virakta samAdhistha vidvAnoM ko icchApUrvaka ( sakAma ) hotI hai tathA ye mRtyusamaya bhI anya samayoM kI taraha prasanna hI rahate haiN|' rogAdi yA anya koI upasarga ( Apatti ) A jAne para ye na to apane karttavyapatha se vicalita hote haiM aura na kisI prakAra ke kaSTa se duHkhI hote haiN| isa taraha paNDitamaraNa (sallekhanA ) kA artha hai- mRtyu ko sannikaTa AyA huA jAnakara prasannatApUrvaka saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake AtmA kA dhyAna karate hue mRtyu kA svAgata karanA / yaha paNDitamaraNa yAvatkAlika anazana tapapUrvaka hotA hai / samAdhimaraNa Atmahanana nahIM : isa prakAra ke maraNa ko Atma-hanana nahIM kaha sakate haiM kyoMki yaha mRtyu yA anya koI duHsAdhya Apatti A jAne para prasannatApUrvaka zarIratyAga karane kI prakriyA hai| yaha eka prakAra kA zubha-dhyAna (dharma yA zukladhyAna) hai| yadi prasannatApUrvaka mRtyu kA svAgata nahIM kiyA jAegA to mRtyu se bhaya banA rahegA jisase azubha-dhyAna (Arta evaM raudra dhyAna) kI prApti hogI jo durgati kA kAraNa hai| ataH sAdhu ke AhAra na karane ke kAraNoM meM eka kAraNa sallekhanA bhI ginAyA gayA hai| sAdhu evaM gRhastha donoM ko isa prakAra kA maraNa svIkAra karane ke lie kahA gayA hai| yadi bhaya va duHkha Adi se prerita hokara AhAratyAga kiyA jAegA to vaha samAdhimaraNa (sallekhanA) na hokara Atma-hanana hogaa| 1. maraNaMpi sapuNNANaM...."vippasaNNamaNAdhAyaM / -u0 5.18. na saMtasaMti maraNaMte sIlavaMtA bahussuyA / -u0 5.26. tathA dekhie-u0 5.31. 2. na imaM savvesu bhikkhUsu na imaM savvesu gArisu / -u0 5.16. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 363 samAdhimaraNa ke bheda : grantha meM isa samAdhimaraNa ke tIna bhedoM kA saMketa milatA hai|' inameM se kisI eka kA AzrayaNa karake zarIra kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| kriyA ko mAdhyama banAkara kie gae ina tInoM bhedoM meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga (anazana tapa) Avazyaka hai| inake nAmAdi isa prakAra haiM :2 1. bhaktapratyAkhyAna-gamanAgamana ke viSaya meM koI niyama lie binA cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake zarIra kA tyAga karanA bhaktapratyAkhyAna nAmaka samAdhimaraNa hai| isase jIva saikar3oM bhavoM ke karmoM ko niruddha kara detA hai| 2. iMginImaraNa - iMgita kA artha hai-saMketa / ataH gamanAgamana ke viSaya meM bhUmi kI sImA kA saMketa karake cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karate hue zarIra kA tyAga karanA iMginImaraNa hai| 3. pAdopagamana-pAda kA artha hai-vRkSa / ata. pAdopagamana nAmaka samAdhimaraNa meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake vRkSa se kaTI huI zAkhA kI taraha eka hI sthAna para nizcala hokara zarIra kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| ___ ina tInoM bhedoM meM se bhaktapratyAkhyAna meM gamanAgamana-sambandhI koI niyama nahIM rahatA hai, iMginImaraNa meM kSetra kI sImA niyata rahatI hai tathA pAdopagamana meM gamanAgamana kriyA nahIM hotI hai| ataH . . bhaktapratyAkhyAna aura iMginImaraNa meM 'savicAra' va 'saparikarma' nAmaka maraNakAlika anazana tapa kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki inameM kriyA vartamAna 1. aha kAlammi saMpatte AghAyAya samussayaM / ___ sakAmamaraNaM maraI tihamannayaraM muNI // -u0 5.32. 2. vahI, A0 TI0, pR0 238. 3. bhattapaccakkhANeNaM aNe gAI bhavasayAI niraMbhai / -u0 26.40. For Personal & Private Use Only

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364 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana rahatI hai| pAdopagamana meM kriyA sambhava na hone se isameM 'avicAra' va 'aparikarma' nAmaka maraNakAlika anazana tapa kiyA jAtA hai| yahI ina sallekhanA ke bhedoM meM antara hai| samAdhimaraNa kI avadhi : yadyapi sAmAnyataura se samAdhimaraNa kI adhikatama sImA 12 varSa, nyUnatama sImA 6 mAsa tathA madhyama sImA 1. varSa batalAI gaI hai' parantu yaha kathana unakI apekSA se kahA gayA mAlUma par3atA hai jo yaha jAnate haiM ki unakI mRtyu kaba hogI ? anyathA isakI nyUnatama sImA antarmuhUrta tathA madhyama sImA uccatama evaM nyUnatama sImA ke bIca kabhI bhI ho sakatI hai| samAdhimaraNa kA itanA hI tAtparya hai ki mRtyu ko nikaTa AyA jAnakara prasannatApUrvaka binA kisI abhilASA ke saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake zarIra ko cetanAzUnya kara denaa| samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi : samAdhimaraNa kI bAraha varSa pramANa uccatama sImA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara usakI vidhi isa prakAra batalAI gaI hai :2 sarvaprathama sAdhaka guru ke samIpa jAkara prathama cAra varSoM meM ghI, dUdha Adi vikRta padArthoM kA tyAga kre| agale cAra varSoM meM nAnA prakAra kI tapazcaryA kre| isake bAda do varSa 1. bAraseva u vAsAI saMlehukkosiyA bhave / saMvaccharaM majjhimiyA chammAsA ya jahanniyA / / -u0 36.252. 2. paDhame vAsacaukkammi vigaI nijjahaNaM kare / biie vAsacaukkammi vicittaM tu tavaM care / / koDIsahiyamAyAma kaTa saMbacchara muNI / mAsaddhamAsieNaM tu AhAreNaM tavaM care / / -u0 36.253-256. tathA dekhie-u0 5.30-31. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 365 paryanta kramazaH eka dina upavAsa (anazana ) aura dUsare dina nIrasa alpAhAra ( Aya vila-AcAmla ) kare / tatpazcAt 6 mAsa paryanta koI kaThina tapazcaryA na karake sAdhAraNa tapa kare, phira 6 mAsa paryanta kaThora tapazcaryA karake anta meM nIrasa alpAhAra lekara anazana vrata ko tor3a de (pAraNA kre)| isake pazcAta avaziSTa 1 varSa meM koTisahita tapa ( jisa anazana tapa kA Adi aura anta ekasA milatA ho ) karatA huA eka mAsa yA 15 dina mRtyu ke zeSa raha jAne para saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kara de / isa vidhi meM AvazyakatAnusAra samaya-sambandhI parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha sAmAnya apekSA se utkRSTa sallekhanA kI pUrNa vidhi batalAI gaI hai| samAdhimaraNa kI saphalatA : sallekhanA kI saphalatA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki saba prakAra kI azubha bhAvanAoM tathA nidAna (phalAbhilASA) Adi kA tyAga karake jinavacana meM zraddhA kI jaae| grantha meM pA~ca prakAra kI azubha bhAvanAe~ batalAI gaI haiM jinase jIva sallekhanA ke phala ko prApta na karake durgati ko prApta karatA hai|' inake nAmAdi isa prakAra haiM :2 1. kandarpa bhAvanA ( kAmaceSTA-punaHpunaH haMsanA, mukha Adi ko vikRta karake dUsare ko haMsAnA Adi ), 2. abhiyoga bhAvanA ( vazIkaraNa mantrAdi kA prayoga-viSayasukha kI abhilASA se vazIkaraNa mantrAdi kA prayoga karanA ), 3. kilviSikI bhAvanA ( nindA karanA-kevalajJAnI, dharmAcArya, saMgha, sAdhu Adi kI nindA karanA ), 4. moha bhAvanA ( mUr3hatA-zastragrahaNa, viSabhakSaNa, agnipraveza, jalapraveza, niSiddha vastuoM kA sevana Adi karanA ) 1. kaMdappamAbhiogaM ca kidivasiyaM mohamAsurattaM ca / eyAu duggaIo maraNammi virAhiyA hoti / / -u0 36.257. tathA dekhie-u0 36.258-268. 2. vhii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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366 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana aura 5. AsurI bhAvanA ( krodha karanA-nirantara krodha karanA tathA zubhAzubha phaloM kA kathana karanA ) / ___ samAdhimaraNa meM mRtyu ke samaya ina bhAvanAoM ke tyAga se spaSTa hai ki isa prakAra kA maraNa Atmahanana nahIM hai| isa prakAra ke maraNa ko prApta karanevAlA jIva bAra-bAra janma-maraNa ko prApta nahIM hotA hai apitu do-cAra janmoM ke bhItara saba prakAra ke duHkhoM se avazya hI mukta ho jAtA hai| yadi kAraNavaza saba prakAra ke. karma naSTa nahIM hote haiM to mahAsamRddhizAlI devaparyAya kI prApti hotI hai|' isa kathana kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki sirpha matyu ke samaya sallekhanA dhAraNa kara lenA cAhie tathA zeSa jIvana meM viSayoM kA bhoga karanA caahie| isakA kAraNa hai ki prArambha se hI jaba sadAcAra kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai tabhI jIva isa samAdhimaraNa ko prApta karatA hai| ataH kahA hai ki jo kArya prArambha meM ( javAnI meM ) zakti ke vartamAna rahane para kiyA jA sakatA hai vaha vRddhAvasthA meM zarIra ke jIrNa-zIrNa ho jAne para nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jo mithyAdarzana ( mithyAtva ) meM anurakta haiM, nidAnapUrvaka karmAnuSThAna karate haiM, hiMsA tathA kRSNale zyA meM anurakta haiM aise jIva jinavacana meM zraddhA na karake 'akAma-maraNa' (sabhayamaraNa) yA bAlamaraNa (moM kI mRtyu ) ko bArambAra prApta karate haiM / isake viparIta jo samyagdarzana meM anurakta haiM, nidAna-sahita karmAnuSThAna nahIM karate haiM, zuklalezyA se yukta haiM tathA jinavacana meM zraddhA rakhate haiM ve alpasaMsArI hote haiN| 1. bAlANaM akAmaM tu maraNaM asaiM bhave / paMDiyANaM sakAmaM tu ukkoseNa saI bhave // -u0 5.3. samvadukkhapahoNe vA deve vAvi mahiDiTae / -u0 5.25. 2. sa pujvamevaM na la bhejja pacchA esovamA sAsaya vAiyANaM / visIyaI siDhile Auyammi kAlovaNIe sarIrassa bhee / -u0 46. 3. dekhie-pR0 365, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [367 isa prakAra ke samAdhimaraNa se viparIta jo maraNa dhana evaM striyoM meM macchita hokara hiMsAdi pApa-kriyAoM ko karate hae hotA hai use 'bAlamaraNa' yA 'akAmamaraNa' (anicchApUrvaka maraNa) kahA gayA hai / yaha maraNa jIvoM ko kaI bAra prApta hotA hai kyoMki isa prakAra ke maraNa ko prApta karanevAle jIva gaDDalikApravAha (jidhara adhika loga jAeM usI tarapha binA soce-samajhe cala par3anA ) se prabhAvita hokara miTTI ko ekatrita karanevAle zizunAga kI taraha karma-maloM kA saMgraha karate haiN|' pazcAt mRtyu ke samaya apane bure-karmoM ke phala ko smaraNa karake duHkhI hote haiM / ataH isa prakAra kA akAma-maraNa tyAjya hai| ___ ina taraha yaha samAdhimaraNa yA sallekhanA sAdhanApatha kA carama kendra -bindu hai / yadi sAdhaka isameM saphala ho jAtA hai to vaha apanI sampUrNa sAdhanA kA abhISTaphala prApta kara letA hai anyathA vaha saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| samAdhimaraNa meM mRtyu ke samaya saMsAra ke sabhI viSayoM se pUrNa-virakti Avazyaka hai| ataH usa samaya AhAra Adi sabhI kriyAoM ko tyAga diyA jAtA hai / isa samaya sAdhaka ko na to jIvana kI AkAMkSA rahatI hai aura na mRtyu kI kAmanA hI rahatI hai| isa prakAra ke maraNa meM zarIra evaM kaSAyoM ke kRza kie jAne se ise 'sallekhanA', vidvAnoM se prazaMsita hone se 'paNDitamaraNa' tathA prasannatA pUrvaka svIkAra karane se 'sakAma-maraNa' kahA gayA hai| anyatra ise - - saMthArA (saMstAraka) zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai kyoMki isameM ekAnta sthAna meM taNa-zayyA ( saMstAraka ) vichAkara tathA AhArAdi kA tyAga karake AtmadhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| isake viparIta ajJAniyoM kI anicchApUrvaka honevAlI mRtyu 'bAlamaraNa' tathA 'akAma-maraNa' kahalAtI hai| 1. u0 5.5-7, 6-10; pR0 366, pA0 Ti0 1. 2. jahA sAgaDio jANaM samaM hiccA mahApahaM / visamaM maggamoiNNo akkhe bhaggammi soyaI // -u0 5.14. tathA dekhie-u0 5.15-16. 3. jaina AcAra-DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, pR0 120. For Personal & Private Use Only

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368 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana anuzIlana isa prakaraNa meM sAdhu ke vizeSa prakAra ke AcAra kA varNana kiyA. gayA hai jisake dvArA jIva pUrva - baddha karmoM ko zIghra hI naSTa karane kA prayatna karatA hai / vaha vizeSa prakAra kA AcAra hai - tapazcaryA / isa tapazcaryA kI pUrNatA ke lie sAdhaka ko aneka prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karanA par3atA hai jise parISahajaya kahA gayA hai / sAdhvAcAra kA pAlana karane kI duSkaratA kA jo pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vaha bhI isI tapa kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai / tapasAdhu ke sAmAnya sadAcAra se sarvathA pRthak nahIM hai apitu sAmAnya sadAcAra meM hI vizeSa dRr3hatA kA honA tapa hai | ataH grantha meM tapa ke jo bheda ginAe gae haiM ve saba sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra se sambandhita haiM / tapasAdhu ke AcAra kI kasauTI hai jisase usake AcAra kI zuddhatA ( cokhApana evaM khoTApana ) kI parakha hotI hai / yadyapi sAdhu pratyeka kriyA tapa se anusyUta rahatI hai parantu ve saba kriyAe~ tapa nahIM haiM apitu kucha vizeSa kriyAe~ hI vizeSa niyamoM ke kAraNa tapa kI koTi meM AtI haiM / tapa ko bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / jo tapa kevala bAhya kriyA se sambandha rakhatA hai tathA Abhyantara AtmA ke pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi meM kAraNa nahIM hai vaha abhISTasAdhaka tapa nahIM hai parantu isake viparIta jo AtmA ke pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi meM kAraNa hai aura Abhyantara kriyA se saMbandha rakhatA hai vaha abhISTasAdhaka hai tathA vahI vAstavika tapa bhI hai / isalie grantha meM kaI sthaloM para bAhyaliMgAdi kI apekSA bhAvaligAdi kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / aisA pratipAdana karane kA kAraNa yaha thA ki sAdhaka mAtra kriyAoM taka hI itizrI samajhate the aura jo jitanA adhika zarIra ko kaSTa dene vAlA tapa karatA thA vaha utanA hI adhika bar3A tapasvI samajhA jAtA thA / ataH yaha zarIra ko pIr3ita karane vAlA tapa hI vAstavika tapa nahIM hai apitu jJAnAdi kI prApti meM sAyaka tapa hI vAstavika tapa hai / yaha siddha karane ke lie tapa ko bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake Abhyantara tapa ko zreSTha batalAyA gayA hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 366 bhikSAcaryA jo ki sAdhu kA sAmAnya AcAra hai yadi usI meM kucha vizeSa niyama le lie jAte haiM to vaha tapa kI koTi meM A jAtA hai| isI prakAra bhUkha se kama khAnA, sarasa padArthoM kA sevana na karanA tathA saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karanA ye sAdha ke AhAra se sambandhita tapa haiN| inase rasanA indriya para saMyama kiyA jAtA hai| ye tapa isalie bhI Avazyaka haiM ki inase AhAra Adi se sambandhita sUkSma hiMsA Adi doSoM kA parihAra kiyA jA sake / sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra ke prasaMga meM usake lie ekAnta meM nivAsa karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ataH sAdhu yadi vizeSarUpa se AtmadhyAnAdi ke lie ekAnta-nivAsa kA Azraya letA hai to vaha bhI eka prakAra kA tapa (saMlInatA) hai| padmAsana, khar3agAsana Adi AsanavizeSa meM sthira honA spaSTa hI kAyaklezarUpa tapa hai| isa taraha ye chahoM prakAra ke tapa bAhya zArIrika kriyA se sambandhita haiN| __doSoM kI prAyazcitta dvArA zuddhi, guru ke prati vinaya, sevAbhakti, adhyayana, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga ye chaH tapa antaraMga-kriyA se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa Abhyantara tapa kahalAte haiN| inakA AdhyAtmika mahattva to hai hI sAtha hI vyAvahArika mahattva bhI hai| ina Abhyantara tapoM meM prAyazcitta tapa eka prakAra se aparAdhI dvArA svayaM svIkRta daNDa hai| isase AcAra meM lage hue doSoM kI vizuddhi hotI hai| sAdhu pratidina 'pratikramaNa Avazyaka' karate samaya isa tapa ko karatA hI hai| guru ke prati vinaya, unakI sevA tathA svAdhyAya ye jJAna kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka haiN| dhyAna tapa se sAdhaka azubha-vyApAroM kI ora jhukanevAlI cittavRtti ko rokakara AtmA ke cintana kI ora lagAtA hai| ataH yaha dhyAna tapa yogadarzana meM pratipAdita cittavatti-nirodharUpa samAdhisthAnApanna hai| kAyotsarga tapa dhyAnAvasthA kI prApti ke lie prArambhika kartavya hai kyoMki jaba taka zarIra se mamatva ko chor3akara use ekAgra nahIM kiyA jAegA taba taka dhyAna kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki sAdhaka ina chahoM Abhyantara tapoM ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM pratidina avazya karatA hai| inheM sAmAnya sadAcAra se pRthaka For Personal & Private Use Only

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370 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana batalAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki sAdhaka apane sadAcAra meM pramAda na karate hue zIghrAtizIghra apane abhISTa phala ko prApta kara le / isa tapazcaryA ke prasaMga meM yogadarzana meM batalAI gaI samAdhi kA varNana karanA anAvazyaka nahIM samajhatA hU~ kyoMki yahAM para tapazcaryA ke prasaMga meM jo dhyAna kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai vaha usase bahuta milatA-julatA hai| yogadarzana meM samAdhi ( yoga ) ke do bheda haiM : 1. samprajJAta samAdhi aura 2. asamprajJAta samAdhi / ' samprajJAta samAdhi ' sAlamba' aura 'sabIja' hotI hai? kyoMki isameM kisI eka viSaya para citta ko sthira kiyA jAtA hai / isake viparIta asamprajJAta samAdhi 'nirAlamba' aura 'nirbIja' hotI hai ' kyoMki isameM citta kI samasta vRttiyAM niruddha ho jAtI haiM / samprajJAta samAdhi meM dhyeya, dhyAna aura dhyAtA kA bheda banA rahatA hai parantu asamprajJAta meM dhyeya, dhyAna aura dhyAtA ekAkAra ho jAte haiM, unameM bheda parilakSita nahIM hotA hai / ata: ise asamprajJAtasamAdhi kahA gayA hai / yaha dhyAna kI caramAvasthA hai / isa samAdhi kI avasthA meM pahuMcane para AtmA apanI vizuddha avasthA ko prApta kara letI hai / ataH ise 'kaivalya' kI avasthA kahA gayA hai / 4 ThIka yahI sthiti prakRta grantha meM zukladhyAna kI hai| zukladhyAna ke prathama do bheda Alambanasahita hone se samprajJAta samAdhirUpa haiM tathA bAda ke do bheda nirAlamba evaM nirbIja hone se asamprajJAtasamAdhirUpa haiM / kaivalya kI avasthA donoM meM samAna hai / isake 1. dekhie - bhA0 da0 ba0, pR0 358. 2. kSINavRtterabhijAtasyeva maNergrahItRgrahaNagrAhyeSu tatsthatadaJjanatA samApattiH / - pA0 yo0 1.41. tA eva sabIja: samAdhiH / - pA0 yo0 1.46. 3. tasyApi nirodhe sarva nirodhAnnirbIjaH samAdhiH / - pA0 yo0 1.51. 4. tasminnivRtte puruSa: svarUpamAtra pratiSTho'taH zuddha kevalI mukta ityucyata iti / - vahI, bhASya, pR0 50. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [371 atirikta dhyAna aura samAdhi ke anya avAntara bhedoM meM kiJcit bhinnatA hone para bhI kAphI samAnatA hai tathA nAmoM meM bhI ekarUpatA hai jo svataMtra cintana kA viSaya hai| isa tapazcaraNa meM mukhya rUpa se jina bAdhAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai unheM grantha meM parISaha zabda se kahA gayA hai| yadyapi inakI saMkhyA 22 batalAI gaI hai parantu inakI iyattA sImita nahIM hai kyoMki paristhiti ke anusAra inakI saMkhyA meM antara ho sakatA hai| ina sabhI parISahoM ke Ane para bhI apane karttavya se cyUta na honA parISahajaya hai| sAdhanA ke patha meM prAyaH eka sAtha kaI parISaha AyA karate haiM / ina para vijaya pAne para hI tapa kI saphalatA nirbhara karatI hai| yadi sAdhaka ina para vijaya prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai to vaha apane tapaM se cyuta ho jAtA hai aura abhISTa phala ko prApta nahIM karatA hai / ataH ye tapa kI satyatA kI jAMca ke lie kasauTIrUpa haiM / ___ isa taraha jIvanaparyanta tapomaya jIvana-yApana karate rahane para bhI yadi sAdhu mRtyu ke samaya eka nizcita anazanarUpa tapavizeSa ( samAdhimaraNa yA sallekhanA ) kA anuSThAna nahIM karatA hai to use abhISTa phala kI prApti nahIM hotI hai / mRtyusamaya joki tapazcaryA ko phalaprApti kA caramabindu hai, yadi sAdhu pUrvavat aDiga rahakara anazana tapapUrvaka ( sallekhanApUrvaka ) zarIra kA tyAga karatA hai to abhISTa phala ko prApta kara letA hai| isake dvArA grantha meM 'anta bhalA so saba bhalA' vAlI kahAvata ko caritArtha kiyA gayA hai| mRtyu ke samaya anazana tapa isalie Avazyaka hai ki sAdhu pUrNa virati kI avasthA ko prApta kara le / yaha anazana dvArA zarIratyAga Atmahanana nahIM hai apitu mRtyu jaise bhayAnaka upasarga ke Ane para bhI haMsate hue vIroM kI taraha prANoM kA tyAga kara denA hai| sAdhu ko isa samaya apane prANoM se bhI moha nahIM rahatA hai aura vaha haMsate hue mRtyu kA svAgata karatA hai| isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki vaha mRtyu kI prArthanA karatA hai apitu jIvana aura mRtyu kI kAmanA na karatA huA prasannatApUrvaka zarIra kA utsarga kara detA hai| isase eka prakAra ke Atmabala kI prApti hotI hai / mRtyu ke samaya bhI apane karttavyapatha para pUrNa dRr3ha rahanA aura samasta prakAra ke AhAra-pAna Adi kA For Personal & Private Use Only

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372 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana tyAga karake AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA cintana karanA isa samAdhimaraNa kA lakSya hai| isa taraha sAdhu kA sampUrNa jIvana vIroM kI taraha vIratApUrvaka vyatIta hotA hai| isIlie grantha meM sAdha-dharma kI saMgrAmastha vIra rAjA ke karttavyoM se tulanA kI gaI hai| ataH jisameM Atmabala hai vahI isakA pAlana kara sakatA hai, zeSa isake pAlana karane meM asamartha haiM / isase siddha hai ki yaha sAdhu-dharma saMsAra ke du:khoM ko sahana na kara / sakane ke kAraNa palAyana nahIM hai, apitu eka prakAra kA kaSAyarUpI zatruoM ke sAtha yuddha hai| kaSAyarUpI zatruoM para vijaya prApta karake karmabandhana ko tor3anA isa tapazcaryA kA prayojana hai / jisa prakAra yuddha meM vijaya prApta karane ke liye kaThora parizrama karanA par3atA hai usI prakAra sAdhu ko bhI kaSAyarUpI zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane ke lie AdhyAtmika tapazcaryA kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM meM isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura tapazcaryA para mahattva diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra Upara jo sAdhu kA AcAra Adi se anta taka batalAyA gayA hai vaha kitanA duSkara hai, pratyeka jijJAsU samajha sakatA hai| grantha meM isakI kaThinatA kA pratipAdana saMvAdoM ke rUpa meM bahutra kiyA gayA hai| isakI duSkaratA kA kathana vizeSakara unake lie hai jo sukumAra tathA viSayAsakta haiM parantu jo suvratI, tapasvI, karmaTha tathA viSayAbhilASA se rahita haiM unake lie kucha bhI duSkara nahIM hai / 2 grantha meM isakI duSkaratA ke kucha daSTAnta bhI die gae haiN| jaise : 1. lauhabhAra-vahana, 2. gaMgA kA srota athavA pratisrota-nirodha, 3. bhujAoM se samudra-santaraNa, 4. bAlU ke grAsa kA bhakSaNa, 5. talavAra kI dhAra para gamana, 6. lohe ke canoM kA carvaNa, 1. dekhie- kSatriya kA paricaya, prakaraNa 7. 2. iha loe nippivAsassa natthi kiMcivi dukkrN| -u0 16.45. 3. guruo lohamArutva..."hoi duvvaho / -u0 16.36. tathA dekhie-u0 16.37-43. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 5 : vizeSa sAdhvAcAra [ 373 7. sarpa kI ekAgra dRSTi, 8. prajvalita agnizikhA kA pAna, 6. vAyu se thailA bharanA tathA 10. tarAjU se meruparvata kA taulnaa| isa taraha jaise uparyakta bAteM duSkara evaM asaMbhava-sI haiM usI prakAra sAdhvAcAra kA pAlana karanA bhI kaThina hai| __isa duSkara sAdhvAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA saccA sAdha bhAI-bandha, mAtA-pitA, rAjA tathA devendra Adi se bhI stutya ho jAtA hai|' yahA~ taka ki usakA pratyeka aMga pUjanIya ho jAtA haiN|2 vaha sabakA nAtha ho jAtA hai| kaThinatA se prApta hone vAlI mukti sulabha ho jAtI hai kyoMki dIkSA kA prayojana sAMsArika viSayoM kI prApti na hokara muktirUpa paramasUkha kI prApti hai| isake atirikta mukti kA sAdhaka sAdhu puNya-kSetravAlA kahalAtA hai aura use diyA gayA dAna bhI puNya-phalavAlA hotA hai / tapAdi ke prabhAva se unheM alaukika zaktiyoM kI prApti ho jAtI hai| ina alaukika zaktiyoM ke prabhAva se ve kUpita hone para sampUrNa loka ko bhasma karane tathA anugraha se icchita phala ko dene kI sAmarthyavAle hote haiN| unake saMyama kI prazaMsA meM likhA hai ki inakA saMyama pratidina 1. dekhie-pR0 254, pA0 Ti0 1; u0 22 27; 6.55-60; 12. 21; 20.55-56; 25.37, 35.18. 2. accemu te mahAbhAga na te kici na accimo| -u0 12.34. 3. dekhie-pR0 196, pA0 Ti0 2-3. 4. ArAhae puNNamiNaM khu khittaM / -u0 12.12. - tahiyaM gaMdhodaya pupphavAsaM divvA tahiM vasuhArA ya vuTThA / pahayAo duduhIo surehiM AgAse aho dANaM ca ghuTaM / / -u0 12.36. 5. mahAjaso esa mahANubhAvo ghoravvao ghoraparakkamo ya / mA eyaM hIlei ahIlaNijjaM mA savve teeNa me nidahejjA / / -u012.23. jai icchaha jIviyaM vA dhaNaM vA logapi eso kuvio ddhejjaa| -u0 12.28. For Personal & Private Use Only

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374 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . . dasa lAkha gaudAna se bhI kahIM adhika zreSTha hotA hai|' isa taraha yaha sAdhvAcAra kA mArga vizuddha evaM kaNTakAdi se rahita rAjamArga hai| tathA duSkara ho karake bhI sukhAvaha hai| yahI sAdhu kA sadAcAra hai aura yahI tp| 1. jo sahassa sahassANaM mAse mAse gavaM de| tassAvi saMjamo seo aditassa vi kiMcaNa // -u0 6.40. 2. avasohiya kaMTagApahaM oiNNo'si pahaM mahAlayaM / / -u0 10.32. 3. bhikkhavattI suhaavhaa| -u0 35.15. tathA dekhie-u0 6.16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 6 mukti saba prakAra ke karmabandhana se chuTakArA pAnA mukti hai| anya bhAratIya dhArmika granthoM kI taraha uttarAdhyayana kA bhI carama lakSya jIvoM ko mukti kI ora agrasara karanA hai| pahale batalAe gae nau prakAra ke tathyoM meM yaha antima tathya hai / mukti ke artha meM prayukta kucha zabda : prakRta grantha meM mukti ke artha ko abhivyakta karanevAle kucha zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai jinase usake svarUpa ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| 1. mokSa' - 'muca' dhAtu se mokSa banatA hai| mokSa zabda kA artha hai-kisI se chuTakArA prApta krnaa| adhyAtmaviSaya hone se yahA~ para saMsAra ke bandhanabhata karmoM se chuTakArA abhipreta hai| jIva kA karmoM ke bandhana se chuTakArA hotA hai tathA karmabandhana se rahita sva-svarUpa meM pratiSThita jIva ko 'mukta jIva' kahA gayA hai| ataH mokSa kA artha huA-'saba prakAra ke bandhana se rahita jIva dvArA svasvarUpa kI prApti / ' ... 2 nirvANa 2 - isakA artha hai-smaapti| yahAM para samApti se tAtparya cetana ke abhAva se nahIM hai kyoMki mokSa kI prApti hone para cetana kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai apitu use sva-svarUpa kI prApti hotI hai| ata: yahAM para nirvANa kA artha hai-'karmajanya sAMsArika 1. bNdhmokkhpinnnninno| -u0 6.10. 2. nAyae prinivvue| -u0 36.266. natthi amokkhassa nivvANaM / -u0 28.30. For Personal & Private Use Only

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376 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana avasthAoM kA sadaiva ke liye samApta ho jaanaa'| bauddha darzana meM yaha / mukti-vAcaka pracalita zabda hai / parantu vahAM artha bhinna hai| 3. bahiHvihAra'-yahA~ para vihAra zabda kA artha hai-janmajarA-maraNa se vyApta saMsAra / ataH bahiHvihAra kA artha huAsaMsAra ke AvAgamana se rahita sthAna yA janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra se bAhara / mokSa kI prApti ho jAne ke bAda jIva kA saMsAra meM AvAgamana nahIM hotA hai| ataH use bahiHvihAra kahanA upayukta hI hai| 4. siddhaloka 2- mokSa ko prApta honevAlA jIva siddha, buddha evaM mukta hokara apane abhISTa ko prApta ( siddha ) kara letA hai| ataH mukta honevAle jIvoM ko 'siddha' tathA jahA~ unakA nivAsa hai use 'siddhaloka' ( siddhazilA ) kahA gayA hai| 5. Atmavasati'- mukta hone kA artha hai- atmasvarUpa kI prApti / ataH Atmavasati yA Atmaprayojana kI prApti kA artha hai-mokSa kI prApti / 6. anuttaragati, pradhAnagati', varagati va sugati - sAmAnyarUpa se cAra gatiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM jo saMsArabhramaNa meM kAraNa haiM parantu 1. bahiM vihaaraabhinivitttthcittaa| -u014.4. sNsaarpaarnitthinnnnaa| ___-u0 36.67. 2. dekhie-pR0 57, pA0 Ti0 1; u0 23.83; 10.35. 3. appaNo vasahiM ve| -u0 14.48. . tathA dekhie-u0 7.25. 4. patto gaI maNuttaraM / -u0 18.38. ___tathA dekhie-u0 18.39-40,42-43,48 Adi / 5. gaippahANaM ca tiloyaavissutaM / -u0 16.68. 6. siddhi varagaI gyaa| -u0 36.67. 7. jIvA gacchaMti soggii| -u0 28.3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 6 : mukti [ 377 mokSa aisI gati hai jise prApta kara lene para pUnaH saMsAra meM AvAgamana nahIM hotA hai| isase zreSTha koI gati nahIM hai| ataH ise 'anuttaragati' kahA gayA hai| deva aura manuSyagati ko jo grantha meM kahIMkahIM 'sugati' kahA gayA hai vaha saMsArApekSA se hai| vastutaH sugati mokSa hI hai aura yaha saMsAra kI cAra gatiyoM se bhinna hone ke kAraNa 'paMcamagati' hai| 7. UrdhvadizA'-muktajIva svabhAva se Urdhvagamana vAle haiM aura ve jahA~ nivAsa karate haiM vaha sthAna loka ke UparI bhAga meM hai| ataH Urdhva dizA meM gamana kA artha hai-mokSa kI prApti / tattvArthasUtra meM muktAtmAoM ke Urdhvagamana svabhAva ke viSaya meM kucha daSTAnta die gae haiM / 2 yaha Urdhvagamana loka ke agrabhAga taka hI hotA hai kyoMki aloka meM kisI bhI tattva kI sattA nahIM mAnI gaI hai| 8. durAroha-mukti prApta karanA atyanta kaThina hone se ise 'durAroha' kahA gayA hai| ___6. apunarAvRtta aura zAzvata - yahA~ Ane ke bAda jIva punaH kabhI bhI saMsAra meM nahIM AtA hai / ataH mukti 'apunarAvRtta' hai tathA nitya hone se 'zAzvata' (dhruva) bhI hai| 1. uDDhaM pakkamaI disN| ___-u0 16.83. 2. pUrvaprayogAdasaMgatvAda bndhcchedaattthaagtiprinnaamaacc| AviddhakUlAla- cakravadvyapagatalepAlAbuvaderaNDabIjavadagnizikhAvacca / -ta0 sU0 10.6-7. 3. asthi egaM dhavaM ThANaM logaggammi durAruhaM / jattha natthi ja(maccU vAhiNo veyaNA tahA / / -u0 23.81. nivvANaMti abAhaMti siddhI logaggameva ya / khemaM sivaM aNAbAhaM jaM carati mahesiNo // -u0 23.83. 4. vahI; u0 26.44; 21.24 Adi / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #404
378 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 10. avyAbAdha' - saba prakAra kI bAdhAoM se rahita hone se tathA atyanta sukharUpa hone se ise 'avyAbAdha' kahA gayA hai / 11. lokottamottama 2 - tInoM lokoM meM sarvazreSTha hone se ise lokottamottama kahA gayA hai / mokSa meM jIva kI avasthA : mukti kI avasthA jarA - maraNa se rahita, vyAdhi se rahita, zarIra se rahita, atyanta duHkhAbhAvarUpa, niratizaya sukharUpa, 'zAMnta, kSemakara, zivarUpa, ghanarUpa, vRddhi - hrAsa se rahita, avinazvara, jJAnarUpa, darzanarUpa ( sAmAnyabodha ), punarjanmarahita tathA ekAnta adhiSThAnarUpa hai | 3 isa muktAvasthA ko prApta AtmA sva-svarUpa ko prApta kara lene ke kAraNa paramAtmA bana jAtI hai / AtmA aura paramAtmA meM bheda miTa jAtA hai / donoM samAna sthitivAle hokarake pRthak-pRthak astitva rakhate haiM, advaita vedAnta kI taraha ekarUpa nahIM ho jAte haiM / jJAna aura darzanarUpa cetanA jo ki jIva kA svarUpa hai usakA abhAva nahIM hotA hai kyoMki aisA hone para jIvapane kA hI abhAva ho jAegA aura sat dravya kA bhI vinAza hone lagegA | ataH isa 9. vahI ; u0 26.3. 2. loguttamuttamaM ThANaM / - u0 6.58. tathA dekhie- u0 20.52. 3. aruviNa jIvaghaNA nANadaMsaNasanniyA / aulaM suhaMsaMvattA uvamA jassa natthi u // tao pacchA sijjhai, bujjhai, muccai parinivvAyai, savvadukkhANamaMta kare / - u0 26.28. eta ahiDio bhavaM / -- * 36.66 - u0 6.4. tathA dekhie - u0 26.41, 58, pR0 377, pA0 Ti0 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #405
prakaraNa 6 : mukti [376 avasthA ko zuddha jJAna evaM darzanarUpa kahA gayA hai| yahA~ 'darzana' kA artha 'zraddhA' nahIM hai jaisAki yAkobI ne apane anuvAda meM likhA hai|' apitu darzanAvaraNIya karma ke abhAva se prakaTa honevAlA sAmAnyabodharUpa AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| 'zraddhA' darzanamohanIya karma ke kSaya se utpanna honevAlA guNa hai jo mohAbhAvarUpa hai| karmoM kA pUrNa abhAva ho jAne se tajjanya zarIra, jarA-vyAdhi, rUpa, du:kha, vRddhi-hrAsa Adi kucha bhI nahIM rahatA hai kyoMki ye saba karmoM ke samparka se hote haiN| bhautikazarIra evaM rUpAdi ke na hone para bhI jIva kA abhAva nahIM ho jAtA hai / ataH use ghanarUpa kahA gayA hai| ghanarUpa kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki mokSa abhAvarUpa nahIM hai apitu bhAvAtmaka hai| mukta hone ke pUrva jIva jisa zarIra se yukta hotA hai usa zarIra kA jitanA AkAra (UMcAI evaM caur3AI) hotA hai usase tRtIyabhAga nyUna (U~cAI Adi kA) vistAra (avagAhanA) sabhI mukta jIvoM kA hotA hai kyoMki zarIra na hone se muktAvasthA meM nAsikA Adi ke chidrabhAga ghanarUpa ho jAte haiN| zarIra-pramANa-jIva ke svarUpa ke prasaMga meM batalAyA gayA thA ki jIva jaisA zarIra kA AkAra prApta karatA hai usI ke anusAra saMkoca evaM vistAra ko prApta kara letA hai| ata: yahA~ yaha zaMkA honA svAbhAvika hai ki taba to mukta jIvoM ke koI zarIra na hone se AtmapradezoM ko yA to saghana hokara aNurUpa ho jAnA cAhie yA sarvatra phaila jAnA cAhie, phira kyA kAraNa hai ki muktAtmAoM . kA vistAra pUrvajanma ke zarIra kI apekSA tRtIyabhAga nyUna batalAyA gayA hai ? isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMsArAvasthA meM jIva ko zarIra-pramANa mAnA gayA hai, na aNurUpa aura na vyApaka / ataH Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki muktAvasthA meM bhI jIva ko sarvathA aNarUpa yA vyApaka na mAnakara kucha vistAravAlA mAnA jaae| 1. u0 36.66-67 (se0 bu0 I0, bhAga-45). 2. usseho jassa jo hoi bhavammi carimammi u / tibhAgahINo tatto ya siddhANogAhaNA bhave // -u0 36.64. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #406
380 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana AtmA meM jo saMkoca vikAsa mAnA gayA hai vaha karmajanya zarIra ke phalasvarUpa mAnA gayA hai / muktAtmAoM ke zarIra na hone se tajjanya saMkoca - vikAsa kA honA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH muktAtmAoM kI AkRti ( avagAhanA ) Adi kI kalpanA antima janma ke zarIra ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / yadyapi ye mukta jIva rUpAdi se rahita hote haiM tathApi jo yaha AtmapradezoM ke vistAra kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vaha AkAzapradeza meM Thahare hue AtmA ke adRzya pradezoM kI apekSA se hai / amUrta hone se eka AtmA ke pradezoM meM anya AtmA ke pradeza bhI raha sakate haiM / sukha - 'karma' ke prakaraNa meM batalAyA gayA thA ki sukha evaM duHkha kA anubhava apane saMcita vedanIya karmoM ke anusAra hotA hai / ataH zaMkA hotI hai ki jaba ye muktAtmAeM karmarahita haiM to phira unheM sukha kA anubhava kaise hotA hai ? sukha aura duHkha ke karmajanya hone se karmarahita muktAtmAoM meM duHkhAbhAva kI taraha sukha kA bhI abhAva mAnanA cAhie / isake uttara meM yaha kahanA paryApta hai ki muktAtmAoM meM jo sukha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vaha alaukika sukha hai, na ki vedanIya karmajanya sAMsArika sukha / ataH grantha meM isa sukha ko anupameya sukha kahA gayA hai / " muktAtmAoM ke zarIra evaM indriyAdi na hone se unakA sukha karmajanya nahIM ho sakatA hai| AtmA kA svabhAva sukharUpa mAnane se tathA mAnava kI pravRtti sukhaprApti kI ora hone se mokSAvasthA meM avinazvara evaM anupameya sukha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / yahA~ para vastutaH saba prakAra kA duHkhAbhAva hI alaukika sukhAnubhava hai kyoMki jIva apanI-apanI anubhUti ke anusAra hI sukha evaM duHkha kI kalpanA karatA hai / jahA~ koI icchA hI nahIM vahA~ du:kha kahA~ ? jahA~ kisI viSaya kI icchA hai vahIM duHkha hai aura jahA~ pUrNatA hai vahA~ mAno to alaukika sukha hai aura na mAno to sukha evaM duHkha kucha bhI nahIM hai / yaha mukti pUrNa niSkAma kI avasthA hai / duHkhAbhAva hone se tathA jIva kA svarUpa sukhasvabhAva mAnane se yahA~ alaukika sukha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / 1. dekhie - pR0 377, pA0 Ti0 3-4. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #407
prakaraNa 6 : mukti [ 381 muktAtmAoM meM cetanA ke vartamAna rahane se unakI duHkhAbhAva evaM sukhAbhAvarUpa pASANavat sthiti nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| ataH inheM zAnta, zivarUpa evaM sukha kI avasthAvAlA kahA gayA hai| isa avasthA kA kabhI bhI na to vinAza hotA hai aura na parivartana / ataH isa avasthA ko avinazvara kahA gayA hai| avina zvara hone para bhI svAbhAvikarUpa se dravya meM honevAlA utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvyarUpa pariNamana to hotA hI rahatA hai kyoMki yaha to dravya kA svabhAva hai jo pratyeka dravya meM hotA hai, parantu vRddhi-hrAsarUpa asamAnAkAra pariNamana nahIM hotA hai| muktoM ke 31 guNa : grantha ke caraNavidhi nAmaka ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM siddha jIvoM ke 31 atizaya guNa batalAe gae haiN| parantu vahA~ unake nAmoM ko nahIM ginAyA gayA hai| TIkA-granthoM meM do prakAra se inakI saMkhyA ginAI gaI hai jinheM dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki ye sabhI guNa abhAvAtmaka haiN| mukta jIva saba prakAra ke karmoM tathA rUpAdi se rahita hote haiN| ataH prathama prakAra meM amUrtatva kI apekSA se tathA dvitIya prakAra meM karmAbhAva kI apekSA se mukta jIvoM ke guNoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai| ina donoM prakAroM meM koI khAsa antara nahIM hai kyoMki mukta jIva saba prakAra ke karmoM se tathA rUpAdi se rahita hote haiN| karmAdi se rahita hone ke kAraNa unake punarjanma Adi kA bhI prazna nahIM uThatA hai| 1. siddhAiguNajogesu ........ / - u0 31.20. 2. siddhoM ke 31 guNoM ke do prakAra ye haiM : prathama prakAra-pAMca saMsthAnAbhAva, pAMca varNAbhAva, do gandhAbhAva, pAMca rasAbhAva, ATha sparzAbhAva, tIna vedAbhAva (puruSa, strI aura napuMsakaliMga se rahita), akAyatva, asaMgatva tathA ajanmatvarUpa / dvitIya prakAra -pA~ca jJAnAvaraNIya, nava darzanAvaraNIya, do vedanIya, do mohanIya, cAra Ayu, do gotra, do nAma tathA pAMca antarAya krmaabhaavruup| -vahI, ttiikaaeN| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #408
382 ] sAdimuktatA : aisA koI bhI kAla na thA, na hai aura na hogA jaba jIva mokSa prApta na karate hoM / isake atirikta yaha bhI nizcita hai ki koI bhI jIva anAdimukta nahIM hai kyoMki muktAvasthA ke pUrva saMsArAvasthA avazya svIkAra kI gaI hai / grantha meM isIlie mukta tai ko utpatti kI apekSA se 'sAdi' tathA isa avasthA kA kabhI bhI vinAza na hone se 'ananta' kahA hai|' samudAya kI apekSA se mukta jIvoM kI utpatti jo anAdi kahI gaI hai usakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki kucha aise bhI jIva haiM jo kabhI bhI saMsArI na rahe hoN| isakA sirpha itanA hI tAtparya hai ki bahuta se mukta jIva aise bhI haiM jinakI utpatti kA prArambhika kAla nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA hai / isa anAdi kAla meM mukta jIva kaba nahIM the yaha batalAnA mAnava kI kalpanA ke pare hone se unheM anAdi kahA gayA hai, parantu ve saba kisI samaya vizeSa meM hI mukta hue haiM kyoMki anAdi mukta mAnane para sRSTikartA Izvara kI bhI kalpanA karanI par3atI jo abhISTa nahIM hai / isake atirikta mukta jIvoM ko sarvathA anAdi mAnane para svayaM ke utthAna evaM patana meM vyakti ke svAtantrya kA siddhAnta puSTa nahIM hogA / muktAtmAoM kA nivAsa : uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana muktAtmAoM kA nivAsa loka ke uparitamabhAga meM mAnA gayA hai / yaha lokAgravartI 'siddha zilA' ke nAma se prasiddha hai | 3 jIva Urdhvagamana svabhAvavAlA hai aura yaha Urdhvagamana lokAnta taka hI sambhava ho sakatA hai kyoMki aloka meM gati Adi meM sahAyaka dharmAdi dravyoM kA sadbhAva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi muktAtmAe~ sarvazaktisampanna hone se gati meM sahAyaka dharmAdi dravyoM kA abhAva hone para bhI aloka meM jA sakatI haiM parantu unheM koI 1. egateNa sAiyA puhutte aNAiyA / -u0 36.66. 2 . vahI / 3. dekhie - pR0 56, pA0 Ti0 3; pR0 57, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #409
prakaraNa 6 : mukti [ 383 abhilASA na hone se ve loka kI sImA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatI haiN| ye muktAtmAe~ vahIM para sthita hokara lokAloka ko jAnatI haiN| aisI vyavasthA na mAnane para muktAtmAe~ UrdhvagamanasvabhAva hone ke kAraNa avirAma Age bar3hatI calI jAtIM aura eka kSaNa pazcAt mukta huI AtmA pUrvavartI muktAtmAoM se hamezA pIche rhtii| ataH lokAgrabhAga meM hI muktAtmAoM kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai| mukti kise, kaba aura kahA~ se ? ___ grantha meM mukti kA dvAra ke lie jIvoM sabhI kSetroM meM tathA sabhI kAloM meM khulA huA hai| eka samaya meM adhika se adhika jIva kitanI saMkhyA meM eka sAtha mukta ho sakate haiM, isa viSaya meM grantha meM nimnokta prakAra ke saMketa milate haiM : 1 mukta honevAle jIva adhikatama mukta honevAle jIva adhikatama saMkhyA saMkhyA 108 zarIra kI sabase kama avastrI 20 gAhanA vAle napuMsaka 10 madhyama avagAhanA vAle 108 jaina sAdhu (sva-liMgI) 108 Urdhvaloka se 4 janetara sAdhu (anya-liMgI) 10 madhyaloka (tiryakloka) se 108 gRhastha 4 adholoka se zarIra kI sarvAdhika avagA- nadI Adi jalAzayoM se 3 hanA (U~cAI) vAle 2 samudra se - ina AMkar3oM ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki mukta hone kI sarvAdhika yogyatA madhyalokavartI madhyama zarIra kI avagAhanA vAle puruSa-liGgI jaina sAdhu meM hai| isase yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki vItarAgatA kI pUrNatA jisa jIva ko jisa sthAna meM jisa prakAra ke choTe-bar3e zarIra ke vartamAna rahane para ho jAe vaha usI sthAna se aura usI zarIra se mukta ho sakatA hai| yahA~ para 1. u036.46-54. 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #410
384 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana deva, naraka evaM tiryaJca gati se makta hone vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA vizeSarUpa se ullekha na karake sAmAnya rUpa se puruSa, strI va napuMsaka liGgI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki manuSyagati kA jIva hI sIdhA mukta ho sakatA hai, anya devAdi gativAle jIva manuSyaparyAya-prApti ke bAda hI mukta ho sakate haiN| isIlie sarvArthasiddhi vAle deva ko bhI manuSyaparyAya kI prApti ke bAda hI mukti kA adhikArI batalAyA hai / Urdhva loka evaM adholoka . se mukta kI saMkhyA kA jo kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha vahA~ para vartamAna manuSyagati ke jIvoM kI sthiti kI apekSA se hI hai jo kisI kAraNavaza vahA~ pahu~ca gae haiM / isa taraha manuSya ko hI sAkSAt mukti prApta karane kA adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai| yadyapi anya gati ke jIva bhI mukti prApta kara sakate haiM parantu isake lie unheM pahale manuSyagati meM AnA pdd'egaa| digambara-paramparA meM sirpha manuSyagati kI puruSajAti ko hI isakA sAkSAt adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai, strI evaM napuMsakaliGgI ko nhiiN|' ___ gRhastha evaM jainetara sAdhu ko jo mukti kA adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai vaha bAhya upAdhi kI apekSA se hai kyoMki bhAvAtmanA to sabhI ko pUrNa vItarAgI honA Avazyaka hai| gRhastha aura jainetara sAdhuoM meM virale hI koI jIva hote haiM jo mukti ko prApta karate haiN| ataH eka samaya meM adhika se adhika mukta hone vAle aise jIvoM kI saMkhyA jaina sAdhuoM kI apekSA kama batalAI gaI hai| yahA~ para eka samaya meM adhika se adhika siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI jo saMkhyA batalAI gaI hai vaha isa artha meM hai ki yadi eka hI kAla meM jIva adhika se adhika saMkhyA meM siddha hoM to 108 hI ho sakate haiM, isase adhika nhiiN| kama se kama kitane siddha hoMge isa viSaya meM koI saMkhyA niyata nahIM hai| ataH sambhava hai ki kisI samaya eka bhI jIva siddha na ho, jaisA ki jaina-granthoM meM mAnA gayA hai| 1. bhuGa kte na kevalI na strImokSameti digambaraH / prAhureSAmayaM bhedo mahAna zvetAmbaraiH saha // -jinadattasUri, uddhata, bhA0 da0 ba0, pR0 116. 2. ta0 sU0, paM0 kailAzacandrakRta TIkA, pR0 238. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #411
[ 385 prakaraNa 6 : mukti inakI saMkhyA itanI hI nizcita kyoM kI gaI hai isa viSaya meM nizcayapUrvaka kucha kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai parantu jainadharma meM 108 kI saMkhyA dhArmika kriyAoM meM mahattvapUrNa mAnI jAtI hai / mukta jIvoM kI ekarUpatA : mukta jIvoM meM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai kyoMki sabhI sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, sakalakarmoM ke bandhana se rahita, azarIrI tathA anupameya sukhAdi se yukta haiM, phira bhI grantha meM mukta jIvoM ke jo aneka bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha antima janma kI upAdhi kI apekSA se hai / jaise: puruSa, strI Adi kI paryAya se mukta hone vAle jIva / ' tattvArtha sUtra meM isa viSaya meM eka sUtra hai jisameM batalAyA hai ki siddhoM meM kiMkRta bheda sambhava hai| vAstava meM siddha jIvoM ke azarIrI hone se puruSa, strI, napuMsaka Adi kA bheda nahIM hai / jIvanmukti : grantha meM jIvanmukti kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jIvanmukti kA artha hai - jo abhI pUrNa mukta to nahIM hue haiM parantu zIghra hI niyama se mukta hone vAle haiM arthAt saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI jinakA saMsAra bhramaNa ruka gayA hai aura jo sazarIrI avasthA meM hI pUrNa mukti ke dvAra para khar3e hue haiM / grantha meM jIvanmukti ko saMsArarUpI samudra ke tIra ( kinArA) kI prApti tathA pUrNa mukti (videha - mukti ko 'pAra' ( saMsAra - samudra ke usa pAra ) kI prApti batalAyA gayA hai / " videhamukti kA varNana Upara kiyA jA cukA hai / aba yahA~ granthAnusAra jIvanmukti kA varNana kiyA jAegA / - grantha meM jIvanmukti ke tathya - jaba kezikumAra muni gautama muni se pUchate haiM- 'saMsAra meM bahuta se jIva pAzabaddha dikhalAI dete haiM parantu tuma mukta pAza evaM laghubhUta hokara kaise vicaraNa (vihAra) karate ho ? taba gautama muni kezimuni se kahate haiM- he mune! maiM una sabhI 1. dekhie - pR0 383. 2. kSetrakAla gatiliMgatIrthacAritrapratyeka buddhabodhitajJAnAvagAhanAntarasaMkhyAtpabahutvataH sAdhyaH / - ta0 sU0 10.6. 3. u0 10.34; pR0 376, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #412
386 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana pAzoM ko cheda karake aura upAyapUrvaka vinaSTa karake muktapAza evaM laghubhUta hokara vihAra karatA huuN|' kezimuni ke dvArA punaH una pAzoM ke viSaya meM pUchane para gautama muni kahate haiM-'atyanta bhayaMkara rAga dveSAdirUpa snehapAzoM kA vidhipUrvaka chedana karake yathAkrama se vihAra karatA huuN|'' yahA~ para saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ko pAzabaddha na kahakara bahuta se jIvoM ko pAzabaddha kahanA tathA gautama muni ko 'muktapAza' evaM 'laghabhUta' kahanA yaha siddha karatA hai ki saMsAra meM kucha aise bhI jIva haiM jo bandhana se rahita ( pAzamukta ) haiM jinameM eka gautama muni bhI haiN| ataH jo pAzamukta evaM karmaraja ke haTa jAne se laghabhata haiM ve sabhI 'jIvanmakta' haiN| rAgadveSavaza viSayabhogoM ke prati kI gaI Asakti ( sneha yA moha ) hI pAza hai aura jo rAgadveSa se rahita hokara vItarAgI haiM ve sabhI maktapAza haiM / brAhmaNa kA lakSaNa batalAte hue grantha meM brAhmaNa ko 'prAptanirvANa' ( jisane nirvANa ko prApta kara liyA hai ) kahA gayA hai| isase bhI 'jIvanmukta' kA grahaNa hotA hai| ___ isa taraha siddha hai ki grantha meM jIvanmuktoM kI sattA meM vizvAsa hai| ye jIvanmakta jala se bhinna kamala kI taraha saMsAra meM rahakarake bhI usase alipta rahate haiN| ye jIvanmakta jIva hI prANimAtra ke lie hitopadeSTA haiM kyoMki videhama kta ( siddha ) jIvoM kI saMsAra meM sthiti na hone se tathA sabhI prakAra kI icchAoM se rahita hone se ve hitopadeSTA nahIM hote haiM apitu ve apane pahale kie gae zubha-kAryoM se hI jIvoM ke patha-pradarzaka hote haiM / isa taraha prANimAtra ke kalyANa ke lie hitopadeza dene ke kAraNa jIvanmaktoM ko jainagranthoM meM siddhoM kI apekSA pahale namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai / 1. dIsaMti bahave loe pAsabaddhA sarIriNo..... " mukkapAso lhbbhuuo|| -u0 23.40, tathA dekhie-u0 23.41-43. 2. suvvayaM pattanivvANaM taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / -u0 25.22. 3. Namo arihaMtANaM Namo siddhANaM Namo AiriyANaM / Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo loe savva-sAhUNaM // 1 / / -SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 1, pR0 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #413
[ 387 prakaraNa 6 : mukti jIvanmuktoM ke prakAra-grantha meM una sabhI jIvoM ko jIvanmukta kahA gayA hai jo mukti ke patha kI ora agrasara ho cuke haiN| ye jIvanmukta do prakAra ke ho sakate haiM : 1. jo jIvanmukti kI ora bar3ha rahe haiM aura 2. jo pUrNa jIvanmukta ho cuke haiN| __ pahale prakAra ke jIvanmukta ve haiM jo abhI pUrNa jIvanmukta to nahIM hue haiM parantu mukti kI ora bar3ha rahe haiN| inheM grantha meM alpasaMsArI (parItasaMsArI-alpa-pAzabaddha) kahA gayA hai|' ye yA to isI bhava meM yA kucha janmoM ke bAda avazya hI mukta ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra ye vAstava meM pUrNa jIvanmukta to nahIM haiM phira bhI jIvanamukti ke nikaTa hone se inheM upacAra se jIvanmukta kahA jA sakatA hai| isa zreNI meM ve sabhI jIva Ate haiM jo pahale batalAyI gaI 'kSapakazreNI' kA AzrayaNa karake makti kI ora Age bar3hate haiN| isa kSapakazreNI kA artha hai-jo karmoM ko sadA ke liye naSTa karatA huA Age baDhatA hai| ataH isa zreNI ko grantha meM 'akalevarazreNI' ( zarIrarahita zreNI ), 'RjuzreNI' ( sIdhI zreNI ) aura 'karaNaguNazreNI' (jJAnAdi guNoM kI prApti kI zreNI) kahA gayA hai| 2 isakA Azraya lenevAlA jIva zIghra hI mukti ko prApta kara letA hai / ataH drumapatraka adhyayana meM gautama ko lakSya karake kahA gayA hai ki 'he gautama ! akalevarazreNI ko ucca karatA huA kSemakara, zivarUpa anuttara siddhaloka ko prApta kara / isameM kSaNamAtra kA bhI vilamba mata kr|'3 dUsare prakAra ke jIvanmukta ve haiM jinhoMne cAroM prakAra ke ghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa karake kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko prApta kara asatyarhatyAptAgamapadArthAvagamo na bhavedasmadAdInAm, saMjAtazcaitatprasAdAdityupakArApekSayA vAdAvarhannamaskAraH kriyte| -SaT khaNDAgama, dhavalATIkA, pR0 53-54. 1. te hoMti prittsNsaarii| -u036.261. 2. akalevaraseNi bhuusiyaa| -u0 10.35. tathA dekhie-pR0 233, pA0 Ti0 1. 3. vahI; u0 10.35 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #414
388 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana liyA hai tathA isI bhava meM pUrNa mukta hone vAle haiN| ye 'kevalI' yA 'jina' kahalAte haiM / yaha upAdhi (DigrI ) prApta karane vAle snAtaka chAtra kI taraha mukti ko prApta karanevAle snAtaka kevalI kI avasthA hai| grantha meM jIvanmuktoM ke lie 'snAtaka' zabda kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai|' ye jIvanmakta jIva saMsAra meM rahakarake avaziSTa Ayukarma kA upabhoga karate hue AkAza meM sthita sUrya kI taraha kevalajJAna se suzobhita hote haiN| isake bAda Ayu ke pUrNa hone para avaziSTa sabhI aghAtiyA karmoM ko eka sAtha naSTa karake niyama se usI bhava meM pUrNa mukta ho jAte haiN| ina jIvanmaktoM kI grantha meM do avasthAe~ milatI haiM : 1. sayogakevalI-mana, vacana evaM kAya kI kriyA se yukta tathA 2. ayogakevalI-mana, vacana evaM kAya kI kriyA se rahita / ina donoM prakAra ke jIvanmuktoM meM 'sayogakevalI' hI hitopadezAdi se prANimAtra kA kalyANa karate haiM kyoMki ve mana, vacana evaM kAya kI kriyA se yukta hote haiN| mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA se rahita 'ayogakevalI' kI avasthA videhamakta (siddha) kI taraha hI hotI hai| ye kucha hI kSaNoM meM zarIra ko chor3akara anuttara siddha loka ( mokSa ) ko prApta karake pUrNa mukta ho jAte haiN| ___isa taraha grantha meM mukti ke do rUpa dekhane ko milate haiM : 1. jIvanmukti tathA 2. videhamukti / jIvanmukti videhamukti kI pUrvAvasthA hai tathA videhamukti pUrNa nizcala caramAvasthA hai| grantha kA pradhAna lakSya jIvoM ko mukti kI ora abhimukha karanA hai| Rnthiin isa prakaraNa meM uttarAdhyayana ke pradhAna lakSya 'mukti' kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakI prApti ke lie zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritrarUpa ratnatraya kI sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| cArvAkadarzana ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA bhI pradhAna lakSya jIvoM ko 1. jehiM hoi sinnaayo| -u025.34. 2. aNu ttare nANadhare jasaMsI obhAsai sUri evaM talikkhe // -u0 21.23. 3. u0 26.71-73. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #415
prakaraNa 6 : mukti [386 mukti kI ora le jAnA hai| parantu mukta jIvoM kI kyA avasthA hotI hai ? makti kI prApti kaise hotI hai ? Adi viSayoM meM matabheda hote hue bhI mUla uddezya meM samAnatA hai| vaha mUla uddezya hai-jIvoM ko duHkha se chuTakArA dilaanaa| prakRta grantha meM isa mukti kI do avasthAe~ milatI haiM : 1. jIvanmukti tathA 2. videhmukti| jIvanmukti videhamukti kI pUrvAvasthA hai| jIvanmukti saMsAra meM vartamAna rahane para hI hotI hai aura videhamukti saMsAra se pare mRtyu ke uparAnta hotI hai| jIvanmakti ke bAda videhama kti avazyambhAvI hai| jIvanmukta tathA videhamukta donoM hI saMsAra meM punaH kabhI bhI janma nahIM lete haiN| jIvanmuktoM ko niSkriya kucha aghAtiyA karmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie kucha samaya taka saMsAra meM rukanA par3atA hai parantu videhamakta saba prakAra ke bandhana se rahita hone ke kAraNa lokAnta meM sthira rahate haiN| videhamakta jIvoM se mAnava kA sAkSAta koI bhI prayojana siddha nahIM hotA hai| unakI sthiti svAntaHsukhAya hotI hai jo 'mAnava kI alpabuddhi ke pare hai| videhamukta jIvoM meM sukha kI kalpanA karIba-karIba usI prakAra kI gaI hai jisa prakAra gaharI nidrA meM soe hue vyakti ko jAgane para hone vAlI sakhAnubhati / yahA~ makhya antara itanA hai ki maktoM kI sakhAnubhati . jAgratAvasthA kI hai tathA avinazvara hai jabaki soe hue vyakti kI sukhAnubhUti suSupti avasthA kI hai tathA kSaNika hai| - zarIra ko karmajanya svIkAra karane ke kAraNa videhamukta jIvoM ko 'azarIrI' mAnA gayA hai| jIva ( AtmA ) kA svabhAva jJAna aura darzanarUpa hone se mukta jIvoM ko jJAna evaM darzanarUpa cetanA guNavAlA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ina mukta jIvoM ke jJAna, darzana, sukha Adi sabhI alaukika hI haiM kyoMki unake jJAnAdi zarIra aura indriyAdi kI sahAyatA ke binA hI hote haiN| isa taraha videhamuktoM kI yaha avasthA jJAna, darzana evaM sukhAdi se yukta hokarake bhI bhAvAtmaka hI hai / bauddhoM kI taraha abhAvAtmaka, naiyAyikoM kI taraha . mAtra duHkhAbhAvarUpa tathA vedAntiyoM kI taraha brahmaikyarUpa nahIM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #416
360 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana hai| yaha avasthA karIba-karIba sAMkhyadarzana ke muktapuruSa kI taraha hai jo acetana ( prakRti ) ke prabhAva se sarvathA rahita hai|' ___ jIvanmuktoM ko vyavahAra kI dRSTi se mukta kahA gayA hai kyoMki ve abhI pUrNa mukta nahIM hai parantu zIghra hI niyama se mukti prApta karane vAle haiN| mAnava kA kalyANa tathA vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA kA prasAra inhIM ke dvArA sambhava hai| ye saMsAra meM rahane vAle AptapuruSa ( mahApuruSa ) haiN| jIva ke svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNoM ke pratibandhaka sabhI ghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa kara dene ke kAraNa inakI mukti avazyaMbhAvI hai / ataH aghAtiyA ( niSkriya ) karmoM kA sadbhAva rahane para bhI inheM jIvanmukta kahA gayA hai| kevalajJAna se yukta ( sarvajJa ) hone ke kAraNa inheM 'kevalI' kahA gayA hai| ye jIvanmukta sayogI aura ayogI ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiN| jaba taka ye mana, vacana evaM kAya kI kriyA se yukta rahate haiM taba taka 'sayogI' tathA mana, vacana evaM kAya kI kriyA se rahita ho jAne para 'ayogI' kahalAte haiN| ayogakevalI kI sthiti videhamuktoM kI taraha hI hai kyoMki ve bhI videhamuktoM kI taraha mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA se rahita haiM / yadyapi grantha meM sAmAnya sAdhuoM ke lie bhI jIvanmukta kA vyavahAra huA hai parantu yaha kathana mukti ke mArga meM praveza karalene ke kAraNa vyavahAra kI apekSA se hai| ata: sabhI sAdhu jIvanmukta nahIM haiM apitu jinhoMne samasta mohanIya karma kA samUla vinAza kara diyA hai aura jo sarvajJa ho cuke haiM ve hI vAstava meM jIvanmukta haiN| isa taraha grantha meM mukti kI jo avasthA citrita kI gaI hai vaha eka alaukika avasthA hai| vahAM na to svAmI-sevakabhAva hai aura na koI icchaa| ise prApta kara lene para jIva kabhI bhI saMsAra meM vApisa nahIM AtA hai / vaha karmabandhana se pUrNa mukta ho jAtA hai / yaha AtmA ke nirlipta sva-svarUpa kI sthiti hai / yahA~ saba prakAra ke sAMsArika bandhanoM kA hamezA ke lie abhAva ho jAne ke kAraNa ise mukti kahA gayA hai / 1. dekhie-sAMkhyakArikA, 65. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #417
prakaraNa 7 samAja aura saMskRti koI bhI sAhitya tatkAlIna sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, Arthika, rAjanaitika, bhaugolika Adi vividha paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita hae binA nahIM raha sktaa| ataH sAhitya ko samAja kA darpaNa kahA jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana, jisameM pradhAnarUpa se dharma aura darzana kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai usameM bhI jaina zramaNa ( sAdhu )saMskRti ke kramika-vikAsa ke sAtha sAmAjika jIvana kA bhI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai jo bhAratIya itihAsa kI daSTi se kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| ataH uttarAdhyayana ko kevala zuSka dharma aura darzana kA hI pratipAdaka grantha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isameM nihita saMketoM ke AdhAra se tatkAlIna sAmAjika citraNa saMkSepa meM nimna prakAra se pradarzita kiyA jA sakatA hai / varNAzrama-vyavasthA sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika saMgaThana meM varNa aura Azrama-vyavasthA kA vizeSa mahattva thaa| jo jisa jAti yA varNa meM paidA hotA thA . vaha usI jAti va varNavAlA kahalAtA thaa| varNa aura jAti para AdhArita samAja sAMskRtika dRSTi se jIvana ke cAra AzramoM meM vibhakta thaa| isa taraha sampUrNa samAja aura saMskRti varNa aura Azrama vyavasthA para nirbhara thii| jAti va varNa-vyavasthA : usa samaya Arya aura anArya ke bheda se do pramukha jAtiyAM aura brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya tathA zUdra ke bheda se cAra varNa the| vaidika sAhitya ke anusAra Arya vijetA tathA gauravarNa ke the parantu anArya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #418
362] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana / unake adhIna tathA kRSNavarNa ke the| isa taraha inameM zArIrika rUpa kA bheda thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI brAhmaNoM kI kucha isI prakAra kI dhAraNA kA saMketa milatA hai / ataH harikezibala muni ko kurUpa dekhakara ve unakA nirAdara karate haiN| isa prakAra kI dhAraNA ke virodha meM grantha meM sadAcArI ko Arya aura sadAcAra se hIna ko anArya mAnakara jainadharma ko Aryadharma tathA hiMsAdi meM pravRtta brAhmaNoM ko bhI anArya kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra brAhmaNoM ke . jAtimada ke virodha meM karmaNA jAtivAda kI sthApanA karate hue kahA gayA ' hai-'karma se brAhmaNa, kama se kSatriya, karma se vaizya aura karma se hI jIva zUdra hotA hai| kevala sira mur3Ane se zramaNa, oMkAra kA jApa karane se brAhmaNa, jaMgala meM rahane se mani aura kuza-cIvara dhAraNa karane se tapasvI nahIM hotA hai apitu samatA se zramaNa, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni tathA tapa karane se tapasvI hotA hai|4 isa taraha janmanA jAtivAda va varNavAda ke AdhAra para hue sAmAjika saMgaThana ke virodha meM tathA karmaNA jAtivAda va varNavAda ke pracAra meM jaina tathA bauddha dharmAnuyAyiyoM kA mukhya uddezya rahA hai| 1. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 221. 2. kayare Agacchai dittarUve kAle vikarAle phokkanAse / / -u0 12.6. omacelayA paMsupisAyabhUyA gacchAkkhalAhi kimihaM Thio si / -u0 12.7. 3. uvahasaMti annaariyaa| -u0 12.4. ramai ajjavayaNammi taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / -u0 25 20. cArittA dhammamAriyaM / -u0 18.25. 4. na dIsaI jAivisesa koI / --u0 12.37. tathA dekhie-pR0 246, pA0 Ti0 3; pR0 238, pA0 Ti0 3. 5. suttanipAta 1.7.3.6; majUmadAra-koraporeTa lAipha ina aiMziyenTa iNDiyA, pR0 354-363. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [363 uttarAdhyayana meM brAhmaNa Adi cAroM varNoM va kucha pramukha jAtiyoM kI sthiti kA citraNa isa prakAra milatA hai : brAhmaNa-sAmAnya rUpa se jaina tathA bauddha granthoM meM brAhmaNa ko kSatriya kI apekSA hIna batalAyA gayA hai| saMbhavataH isIlie sabhI jaina tIrthaGkaroM ko kSatriya kula meM utpanna batalAyA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra jo ki pahale brAhmaNI ke garbha meM avatarita hue the bAda meM indra ne unheM kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM parivartita kara diyaa|' parantu prastuta grantha meM brAhmaNa ko kahIM bhI kSatriya se nimna zreNI kA nahIM batalAyA gayA hai apitu sarvatra brAhmaNoM ke prabhutva ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isIlie grantha meM brAhmaNa ko sadAcAra-parAyaNa, vedavid jyotiSAGgavid, sva-para kA kalyANakartA tathA puNyakSetrI kahA gayA hai| yahA~ itanA vizeSa hai ki grantha meM sacce brAhmaNa kA lakSaNa batalAte hue jaina sAdhu ke sAmAnya sadAcAra ko hI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| jaise :3 'jo pAparahita hone se saMsAra meM agni kI taraha pUjanIya, zreSTha puruSoM ( kuzaloM ) dvArA prazaMsita, svajanoM meM Asakti se rahita, ... pravrajyA lekara zoka na karane vAlA, AryavacanoM meM ramaNa karane 1. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 224, 2. je ya veyaviU vippA jannaTThA ya je diyaa| joisaMgaviU je ya je ya dhammANa paargaa|| je samatthA samuddhattaM paramappANameva ya / / tesi annamiNaM deyaM bho bhikkhU savvakAmiyaM // -u0 25.7-8. je mAhaNA jAi vijjovaveyA tAI tu khettAI supeslaaii| -u0 12.13. tathA dekhie-u0 12.14-15; 25.35,38. 3. jahittA puvvasaMjoga nAisaMge ya baMdhave / jo na sajjai bhogesu taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / ___-u0 25.26. tathA dekhie-u0 25.16-28,34. For Personal & Private Use Only

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364 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana vAlA, kAlimA se rahita svarNa kI taraha rAga-dveSa va bhaya Adi doSoM se rahita, tapasvI, kRza, damitendriya, sadAcArI, nirvANAbhimukha, mana-vacana kAya se trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se rahita, krodhAdi ke vazIbhUta hokara mithyA vacana na bolane vAlA, sacitta athavA acitta vastu ko thor3I athavA adhika mAtrA meM binA die grahaNa na karane vAlA, mana-vacana-kAya se kisI bhI prakAra ke maithuna kA sevana na karane vAlA, jala meM utpanna hokara bhI jala se bhinna kamala kI taraha kAmabhogoM ( dhanAdi ke parigraha ) meM alipta, lolupatA se rahita, mudhAjIvI (bhikSAnna jIvI), anagAra, akiMcana vattivAlA, gahasthoM meM asaMsakta, saba prakAra ke saMyogoM ( mAtA-pitA Adi ke sambandhoM) se rahita tathA saba prakAra ke karmoM se mukta ( jIvanmukta) hai vaha brAhmaNa hai|' isa taraha sacce brAhmaNa kA svarUpa batalAte hue jaina sAdha ke sAmAnya sadAcAra ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya brAhmaNoM kA prabhutva thA tathA ve janatA meM pUjya bhI the parantu ve apane karttavya se patita ho rahe the| isIlie sadAcAra-parAyaNa vyakti ko brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai| grantha meM brAhmaNa ke lie 'mAhaNa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jisakA artha hai-'mata maaro'|' brAhmaNa ke pAsa jo bhI dhana hotA thA vaha rAjA Adi ke dvArA dAnadakSiNA meM diyA gayA hotA thaa| ataH usake dhana ko grahaNa karanA vamana kie hue padArtha ko grahaNa karane ke tulya thA / 2 brAhmaNa aura kSatriya donoM kA uccakuloM meM samAveza thA / ataH brAhmaNa aura kSatriya kula meM utpanna hone vAle iSakAra dezavAsI chaH jIvoM ko uccakulotpanna kahA gayA hai| namirAjarSi ke dIkSita hone para 1. vhii| 2. vaMtAsI puriso rAyaM na so hoi psNsio| mahaNeNa pariccattaM dhaNaM AyAumicchasi / / -u0 14.38. tathA dekhie-u0 6.38. 3. sakammaseseNa purAkaeNaM kulesudaggesu ya te psuuyaa| -u014.2. tathA dekhie-u0 14.30 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 365 vizAla janasamudAya nirAzrita hokara rotA hai tathA indra brAhmaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karake unakI parIkSA letA hai|' isase bhI brAhmaNa va kSatriya jAti kI zreSThatA kA patA calatA hai| yadyapi yajJAdi dhArmika kAryoM kA sampAdana zreSTha brAhmaNoM ke dvArA hI hotA thA parantu kucha brAhmaNa apane karttavya ko bhalakara tathA jAti kA ghamaNDa karake hiMsAdi meM pravatti karate the| aise brAhmaNoM ko hI anArya brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai| ye apane ko ucca tathA anya ko nimna samajhate the| isake atirikta ye yajJoM meM pazUhiMsA kA pratipAdana karate the tathA jaina zramaNoM kA yajJa-maNDapa meM Ane para tiraskAra karate the|2 aise anArya brAhmaNoM ko grantha meM vedapAThI hone para bhI samyaka artha se hIna hone ke kAraNa vedavANI kA bhAravAhaka kahA gayA hai| kSatriya - deza para zAsana karanevAle kSatriya hI hote the| grantha meM aise kitane hI kSatriya rAjA aura rAjakumAroM kA ullekha milatA hai jinhoMne saMsAra ke vaibhava ko tyAgakara tathA zramaNadIkSA lekara mukti ko prApta kiyaa| indra-nami saMvAda meM jaina sAdhu kI karma-zatraoM para vijaya kA varNana karate hue rUpaka dvArA kSatriya kI yuddha -vijaya kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isase kSatriyoM ke prabhutva kA tathA unakI yuddhakalA kA patA calatA hai| yahAM batalAyA gayA hai ki eka kSatriya rAjA sAdhu banakara kisa prakAra karmazatraoM 1. sakko mAhaNarUveNaM imaM vayaNamabbavI / -u0 6.6. tathA dekhie-indra-namisaMvAda. 2. ke ittha khattA uvajoiyA vA ajjhAvayA vA saha khaMDiehiM / eyaM khu daMDeNa phalaeNa haMtA kaMThammi ghettRNa khalejja jo NaM / / -u0 12.18. tathA dekhie-pR0 362, pA0 Ti0 2-3; u0 12.16. 3. tubhettha bho bhAradharA girANaM aTTha na jANeha ahijja vee / -u0 12.15. 4. dekhie-pariziSTa 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana se yuddha karane ke lie sannaddha ho ? jaise : isa AdhyAtmika saMgrAma meM zraddhA nagara hai, tapa-saMvara argalA hai, zAnti prAkAra (koTa) hai, tIna guptiyA~ zataghnI ( zastra ) haiM, saMyama meM udyoga dhanuSa hai, IryA samiti pratyaJcA hai, dhairya ketana hai, satya dhanuSa para bA~dhane kI DorI hai, tapa bANa hai, zrutajJAna kI dhArA kavaca hai, avazIkRta AtmA sabase bar3A zatru hai, pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM ke sAtha krodhAdi kaSAya tathA nokaSAya Adi zatru kI senAe~ haiM / ina para vijaya prApta karanA subhaTa yoddhAoM kI vijaya se bhI kaThina hai / vazIkRta AtmA ke dvArA inheM jItA jAtA hai / isameM kSamA, mRdutA, RjutA, nirlobhatA tathA saMyama se kramazaH krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha tathA indriyoM ke viSayoM ko jItA jAtA hai / isa taraha vazIkRta AtmA ke dvArA avazIkRta AtmA para vijaya prApta karanA hai| isakA phala karmagranthi kA bhedana karake paramasukha kI prApti hai / isa vijaya ke viSaya meM indra bhI Azcarya prakaTa karatA hai / ataH yahI saccI aura sabase bar3I vijaya hai|' isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki kSatriya kA mukhya kArya yuddha karanA evaM prajA kI rakSA karanA thA / 3e6 ] vaizya - ye prAya: pracura dhana-sampatti ke svAmI hote the tathA dezavideza meM vyApAra kiyA karate the / vyApAra karane ke kAraNa inheM 'vaNik' kahA jAtA thA / 2 pAlita vaNik nAva dvArA samudra ke pAra pihuNDa nagara ko vyApAra karane jAtA hai aura vahA~ para kisI vaNik 1. appA ceva dameyavvo appA hu khalu duddamo || appadaMtI suhI hoi assiM loe paratya ya / / - u0 1.15. ajie sattU kasAyA iMdiyANi ya / / - u0 23.38. tathA dekhie - u0 6.20-22, 34-36, 56-58 23.36; 1.16; 26.17, 46-46, 62-70 pR0 262, pA0 Ti02; pR0286, pA0 Ti0 4. 2. caMpAe pAlie nAma sAvae Asi vANie / - u0 21.1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [397 dvArA rUpavatI kanyA ke dene para use lekara apane deza A jAtA hai|' ye 72 kalAoM kA tathA nItizAstra Adi kA bhI adhyayana karate the|' grantha meM vaNik ko 'zrAvaka' bhI kahA gayA hai| isase unake jaina gRhastha hone kA pramANa milatA hai| kucha vaNik jaina dIkSA bhI le lete the| isa taraha inakA mukhya kArya vyApAra karanA thA tathA dhanAdi se sampanna hone ke kAraNa ye 'zreSThi' kahalAte the| grantha meM 'bahuzruta' kI prazaMsA meM nAnA prakAra ke dhana-dhAnyAdi se paripUrNa sAmAjikoM ( dhAnyapati ) ke surakSita koSThAgAra kI upamA dI gaI hai|" isase pratIta hotA hai ki ye loga dhanAdi se sampanna to hote hI the sAtha hI samAja meM viziSTa sthAna rakhane se 'sAmAjika' bhI kahalAte the| anAthI muni ke pitA kA nAma atyadhika dhanasaMcaya karane ke kAraNa 'prabhUtadhanasaMcaya' par3A thaa| ye aMganAoM ke sAtha devoM ke tulya sukhoM kA bhoga bhI kiyA karate the| zUdra-inakI sthiti bahuta hI socanIya thii| inake sAtha dAsoM kI taraha vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thaa| ye nimna zreNI ke kArya kiyA karate 1. poeNa bavaharate pihuMDa nagaramAgae / taM sasattaM paigijjha sadesamaha patthio / / -u0 21.2-3. tathA dekhie-u0 35.14. 2. bAvattarIkalAo ya sikkhie nIikovie / -u0 21.6. 3. dekhie-pR0 396, pA0 Ti0 2. 4. dekhie-pariziSTa 2. 5. jahA se sAmAiyANaM koTThAgAre surakkhie / nANAdhannapaDipuNNe evaM havai bahussue // -u0 11.26. 6. kosaMbI nAma nyrii"""pbhuuydhnnsNco| -u0 20.18. 7. tassa rUvavaiM bhajjaM piyA ANe i ruuvinniiN| pAsAe kolae ramme devo doguMdago jahA // -u0 21.7. For Personal & Private Use Only

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368 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana the aura inakA sarvatra nirAdara hI hotA thaa| kucha zUdra apane guNoM ke kAraNa uccapada ko bhI prApta kara lete the| jaise: cANDAla ( zvapAka ) jAti meM utpanna harike zibala ne jainadIkSA grahaNa karake Rddhi Adi ko prApta kiyA thA / 2 pUrvabhava meM cANDAla kulotpanna citta aura saMbhUta ne tapasyA karake devaloka ko prApta kiyA thaa| harikezibala Adi kucha zUdra kulotpanna cANDAla bhI tapa ke prabhAva se apanA prabhutva jamA lete the| parantu aise loga bahuta hI kama hote the aura inakA samAdara prAyaH sarvatra nahIM hotA thaa| vibhinna jAtiyAM evaM gotrAdi-uparyukta varNa-jAtiyoM ke atirikta usa samaya apane-apane kAryoM ke anusAra anya aneka upajAtiyA~ bhI thiiN| jaise : sArathi (ratha calAne vAle), lohakAra (luhAra),5 bar3haI (lakar3I tarAsane vAle ,6 gopAla (gAyoM ko pAlane vAle), bhaNDapAla (koSAdhyakSa ), bhAravAhaka (bojhA Dhone vAle ), 1 tIse ya jAIi u pAviyAe vucchAsu sovAganivesaNesu / savvassa logassa dugaMchaNijjA......" -u0 13.16.' tathA dekhie-u0 13.18. 2. sovAgakula saMbhUo guNuttaradharo muNI / -u0 12.1. 3. u0 13.6-7. 4. aha sArahI vicitei / -u0 27.15. tathA dekhie-u0 22.15,17. 5. kumArehiM ayaM piva / tADio kuTiT o"| -u0 16.68. 6. vaDuIhiM dumo viva / -u0 16.67. 7. govAlo bhaMDavAlo vA jahA tddnvnnissro| -u0 22.46. 8. vhii| 6. abale jaha bhaarvaahe| -u0 10.33. tathA dekhie- u0 26.12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 369 1 5 cikitsAcArya ( rogoM kA ilAja karane vAle ), ' nAvika ( nAva calAne vAle) ra savAra (ghor3e kI savArI karane vAle), 3 karSaka ( khetI karanevAle ) 4 tathA nAnA prakAra ke zilpI ' Adi / kucha varNasaMkara jAtiyA~ bhI thiiN| varNasaMkara jAtiyoM meM bukkusa aura zvapAka jAtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 1 ina jAtiyoM ke atirikta gotroM meM kAzyapa gotama, gaga tathA vasiSTha gotra kA; " kuloM meM agandhana, bhoga, gandhana tathA prAnta 7 8 kuloM (sAmAnya garIboM ke kula - nimna kula ) kA aura vaMzoM ikSvAku tathA yAdavavaMza kA ullekha milatA hai / isa taraha usa samaya sAmAjika saMgaThana varNa, jAti, gotra, kula aura vaMza ke AdhAra se kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA / Azrama vyavasthA : varNa aura jAti para AdhArita samAja meM sAMskRtika saMgaThana kI dRSTi se Azrama - vyavasthA bhI thii| jIvana kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke vikAsakrama ke anusAra inheM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA 1. vijjAmaMtatigicchagA / - u0 20.22. 2. jIvo vaccai nAvio / -u0 23.73. 3. hayaM bhadda va vAhae / --u0 1.37. 4. su bIyAi vavaMti kAsagA / -u012.12. 5. mAhaNabhoiya vivihAya sippiNoM / - u0 15.6. 6. dekhie - pR0 368, pA0Ti0 2; u0 3.4; jai0 bhA0sa0, pR0 223. 7. u0 adhyayana 26 prArambhika gadya; 18.22; 22.5; 27.1; 14.26. 8. u0 22.42, 44; 15.6,13. 6. u0 18.36; 22.27. For Personal & Private Use Only

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400 1 uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana thaa| jaise : 1. brahmacaryAzrama, 2. gRhasthAzrama, 3. vAnaprasthAzrama tatha 4. saMnyAsAzrama | 1. brahmacaryAzrama - yaha jIvana kI prArambhika avasthA thI aura yaha avasthA gArhasthajIvana meM praveza karane ke pUrva taka rahatI thI / isameM vyakti brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karate hue mukhyarUpa se vidyA dhyayana karatA thA / 2. gRhasthAzrama - jaba vyakti vidyAdhyayana kara cukatA thA to vaha brahmacaryAzrama ko chor3akara gArhasthajIvana meM praveza karatA thA / grantha meM gRhasthAzramI ko 'ghorAzramI' kahA gayA hai kyoMki isa Azrama meM rahane vAle vyakti ko cAroM Azrama vAle vyaktiyoM kA bharaNa-poSaNa Adi karanA par3atA thA / isa taraha isa Azramastha vyakti ke Upara cAroM AzramavAle vyaktiyoM kA bhAra hone se yaha bahuta kaThina thA / isakA ThIka se pAlana karanA kSatriyoM kA hI kAma thA / isIlie: jaba nami rAjarSi gRhasthAzrama ko chor3akara saMnyAsAzrama meM praveza lene ke lie tatpara hote haiM to brAhmaNa veSadhArI indra gRhasthAzrama kI kaThoratA Adi kA kathana karatA huA isa gRhasthAzrama ko na chor3ane ke lie kahatA hai / 3. vAnaprasthAzrama-gRhasthAzrama ke bAMda vyakti vAnaprasthAzrama meM praveza karatA thA / isameM vaha mukhyarUpa se saMnyAsAzrama meM praveza kA abhyAsa karatA thA / 4. saMnyAsAzrama - isameM vyakti gArhasthajIvana se pUrNa mukta hokara sAdhu bana jAtA thA aura tapAdi kI sAdhanA karatA thA / isa taraha usa samaya kI sAmAjika va sAMskRtika vyavasthA varNAzrama vyavasthA para nirbhara thI tathA pratyeka varNa aura Azrama vAle vyaktiyoM ke kArya bhinna bhinna the / pArivArika jIvana usa samaya samAja varNAzrama ke atirikta aneka parivAroM ( kuTumboM) meM vibhakta thA / ye parivAra choTe-bar3e sabhI prakAra ke 1. dekhie - 10235, pA0 Ti0 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 401 hote the / sAmAnyarUpa se eka parivAra meM mAtA-pitA, putra evaM putravadhue~ rahA karatI thiiN| kisI-kisI parivAra meM anya sambandhIjana bhI rahA karate the / ' ina sabhI parivAroM meM mukhyarUpa se puruSa zAsaka hotA thA aura nArI zAsita / parivAra ke kucha pramukha sadasyoM kI sthiti isa prakAra thI : mAtA-pitA va putra : 1 parivAra meM mAtA-pitA kA sthAna sarvopari hotA thA / ataH dIkSA lete samaya sAdhaka ko mAtA-pitA se AjJA lenI Avazyaka hotI thI / pitA sabakA pAlana-poSaNa karatA thA / vRddhAvasthA ke Ane para vaha apanA bhAra putra ko sauMpa detA thA / apane putra kI rakSA ke lie vaha sarvasva nyochAvara karane ke lie tatpara rahatA thA / 2 mAtA ke lie bhI putra atyanta priya hotA thA / ataH jaba putra dIkSA lene lagatA thA to mAtA-pitA bahuta duHkhI hote the / aise samaya kabhI-kabhI putra ke sAtha mAtA-pitA bhI dIkSA le lete the / unakI dRSTi meM putra se hI ghara kI zobhA thI / bhRgu purohita ke jaba donoM putra dIkSA lene lagate haiM to prathama vaha unheM sAMsArika bhogoM ke prati pralobhita karatA hai parantu jaba ve usake pralobhana meM nahIM Ate haiM to bhRgu purohita kahatA hai - 'jisa prakAra vRkSa apanI zAkhAoM se zobhA ko prApta karatA hai aura zAkhAoM ke kaTa jAne para zobhAhIna sthANu mAtra raha jAtA hai usI prakAra mAtA-pitA apane putroM se suzobhita hote haiM aura putroM ke abhAva meM nissahAya ho jAte haiM / isI taraha . jaise pakSa ( paMkha ) se vihIna pakSI, yuddhasthala meM senA ( bhRtya ) se vihIna rAjA, pota ( jahAja - jisa para mAla ladA hai ) ke jala meM DUbane se dhanarahita vaizya nissahAya ho jAte haiM usI prakAra maiM bhI putra 1. mAyA piyA husA mAyA bhajjA puttA ya orasA / 2. piyA me savvasAraMpi dijjAhi mama kAraNA / 3. mAyA vi me - u0 6.30 "puttasoga duhaTTiyA / -u0 20.24, - 30 20.25. For Personal & Private Use Only

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402 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana se vihIna nissahAya hU~ / ataH merA gRha meM rahanA ucita nahIM hai| isI prakAra mAtA jaba putra va pati ko dIkSita hote dekhatI thI to kabhI-kabhI vaha svayaM bhI unakA anusaraNa karatI thI kyoMki strI ke lie ghara kI zobhA pati aura putra se hI thI / bhAI-bandhu : prAyaH bhAI-bandhuoM meM cirasthAyI prema hotA thA / citta aura saMbhUta nAma ke do bhAI pA~ca janmoM taka sAtha-sAtha paidA hone ke bAda chaThe bhAva meM apane-apane karmoM ke vipAka se pRthak-pRthak janma lete haiM / unameM se jaba eka bhAI ko 'jAti- smaraNa' ( pUrva janma kA jJAna ) se apane pUrvabhava kA jJAna hotA hai to vaha apane dUsare bhAI kI khoja ke lie prayatna karatA hai tathA use bhI apane hI samAna ucca vaibhava se yukta karanA cAhatA hai / 3 jayaghoSa muni apane bhAI vijayaghoSa ke kalyANa ke lie use sadupadeza dekara sanmArga meM sthita karatA hai / iSukAra deza ke chaH jIva bhI isI prakAra pUrva - janma se sambandhita rahate haiM / " nArI : nArI apane kaI rUpoM meM hamAre sAmane AtI hai / jaise : mAtA, patnI, bahina, vadhU, putrI, putravadhU, vezyA Adi / granthoM meM nArI kI 1. pahINaputtassa hu natthi vAso vAsiddhi bhikkhAyariyAi kAlo / sAhAhi rUkkho lahai samAhi chinnAhi sAhAhi tameva khANuM // paMkhAviNo vva jaha pakkhI bhiccAvihUNo vva raNe narido / vivinnasAro vaNio vva poe pahINaputtomi tahA ahaMpi // - u0 14.26-30. 2. pati puttAya paI ya majjhaM te hUM kahaM nANugamissamekkA / - u0 14.36. 3. Asimo bhAyarA dovi annamannavasANugA / tathA dekhie- pariziSTa 2. 4. u0 adhyayana 25. 5. u0 adhyayana. 14. - u0 13.3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 403 ina sabhI avasthAoM meM do rUpa dekhane ko milate hai : 1. patita rUpa tathA 2. Adarza rUpa / donoM avasthAoM meM nArI prAyaH puruSAdhIna rahI hai / pati rUpa - saMyama se patita karane meM pradhAna kAraNa hone se brahmacarya mahAvrata ke prasaMga meM sAdhu ko striyoM ke samparka se sadA dUra rahane ko kahA gayA hai / isI uddezya se vahAM striyoM ko rAkSasI, paMkabhUta, urasthala meM do mAMsa ke lothar3e dhAraNa karanevAlI tathA aneka cittavAlI kahA gayA hai / ye pahale apane hAva-bhAva dvArA puruSoM ko AkarSita karatI thIM aura bAda meM dAsoM kI taraha vyavahAra karatI thIM / pati ke mara jAne para koI-koI nArI anya dAtAra ke sAtha bhI calI jAtI thI / ' TIkAoM meM tathA anya jaina Agama granthoM nArI ke isa patita rUpa kA kAphI varNana milatA hai / nArI kA yaha patita rUpa puruSoM kI sAmAnya manovRtti kA pariNAma hai / yadyapi nArI puruSAdhIna thI tathApi apane hAva-bhAvoM ke dvArA puruSoM ko AkarSita karane kI zakti usameM adhika thI / ataH ye striyA~ apane kUjita, rudita, gIta, hAsya, stanita, krandita, vilApa Adi se yukta vacanoM ke dvArA puruSoM ko AkarSita kiyA Dada | fari at prAya: alaMkAra priya thA / sAdhu inameM Asakta na hoM isIlie striyoM ke isa patita rUpa ko citrita kiyA gayA hai / brahmacarya vrata ko saba vratoM meM duSkara batalAne se spaSTa hai ki usa samaya puruSoM kI Asakti striyoM meM adhika thI aura unameM Asakta hokara ve apanA viveka kho dete the / Adarza rUpa - isa prakAra kI nAriyA~ bahuta kama thIM / pAtivratya inakA pramukha dharma thA / gRhasthAvasthA meM anAthI muni ko jaba asahya cakSuvedanA hotI hai to unakI patnI atyanta sneha ke kAraNa apane pati kI jAgrata evaM mUcchitAvasthA meM bhI zarIra kI 1. tao tersjjie davve dAre ya parirakkhie / kati narA rA tuTThamalaMkiyA // -- u0 18.16. 2. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 245 - 250. For Personal & Private Use Only

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404] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . sthiti ke lie na to anna-pAnAdi kA sevana karatI hai aura na snAna, vilepana, mAlAdhAraNa Adi ke dvArA zarIra kA zRGgAra hI karatI hai apitu kSaNabhara ke lie bhI pati se dUra na hotI huI nirantara rotI rahatI hai| kabhI-kabhI aisI pativratA patniyA~ sadupadeza ke dvArA apane pati ko tathA anya janoM ko bhI sanmArga meM pravRtta karAtI thIM / aisI pativratA patnI ke lie pati hI sarvasva hotA thaa| pati ke abhAva meM usakA jIvana dUbhara ( bar3A kaSTamaya ) ho jAtA thaa| rAjImatI kA udAtta caritra isakA eka jvalanta dRSTAnta hai| vivAha kI maMgalavelA meM rAjImatI jaba yaha sunatI hai ki usake honevAle pati ariSTanemI dIkSA le rahe haiM to usake mukha kI haMsI va kAnti tirobhata ho jAtI hai / 2 rAjakanyA rAjImatI meM scyucita sabhI acche guNa vartamAna the| yadi vaha cAhatI to kisI bhI manapasanda acche rAjakumAra se zAdI kara sakatI thI parantu eka bAra ariSTanemI ko pitA kI preraNA se mana meM patirUpa se cana lene para dUsare rAjakumAra se zAdI nahIM karatI hai aura bAla-brahmacAriNI hokara pati ke mArga kA anusaraNa karatI huI sugandhita bAloM ko ukhAr3akara dIkSA le letI hai| svayaM dIkSA lene ke bAda vaha anya strI-samAja ko bhI zramaNadharma meM dIkSita karatI hai| eka bAra jaba rAjImatI raivataka parvata para jA rahI thI to varSA se vastra ke bhIga jAne para vaha samIpastha andhakArapUrNa guphA meM vastroM ko utArakara sukhAne lagatI hai| isI samaya 1. bhAriyA me mahArAya ! aNurattA aNuvvayA / ....... ...... ..... annaM pANaM ca NhANaM ca gaMdhamAllavilevaNaM / mae nAyamanAyaM vA sA bAlA neva bhuMjaI / -u0 20.28-29. tathA dekhie-u0 28.30. 2. soUNa rAyakannA pavvajja sA jiNassa u| NIhAsA u nirANaMdA sogeNa u samucchiyA // rAImaI viciteI dhigatyu mama jIviyaM / jA'haM teNaM pariccattA seyaM pavvaiuM mama // -30 22.29-30. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [405 pahale se vahA~ vartamAna ariSTanemI kA bhAI rathanemI use nagnarUpa meM dekhakara kAma-vihvala ho jAtA hai aura usase kAma-bhoga bhogane kI prArthanA karatA hai| jaba rAjImatI vahA~ para-puruSa ko dekhatI hai to turanta hI kA~patI huI apane gopanIya aMgoM ko chupA letI hai aura maukA pAkara vastra se apane zarIra ko AcchAdita kara letI hai| tadanantara apane kula, zIla Adi kI rakSA karatI haI rathanemI ko bhI kalocita sadUpadeza ke dvArA sanmArga meM lAtI hai| isa taraha vaha svayaM ko tathA rathanemI ko bhI patita hone se bacAtI hai|' rAjImatI kI hI taraha iSukAra deza ke rAjA vizAlakIrti kI patnI kamalAvatI bhI rAjA ko sadupadeza dvArA sanmArga kI ora le jAtI hai| ___ isa taraha siddha hai ki usa samaya nAriyA~ na kevala pativratA hI thIM apitu puruSoM ko bhI sadupadeza dvArA sanmArga meM lAtI thIM aura svayaM dIkSA lekara anya striyoM ko bhI dIkSita karatI thiiN| ye zAstroM kA bhI adhyayana kiyA karatI thiiN| ataH rAjImatI ko 'bahuzrutA' kahA gayA hai| ye snAna, mAlAdhAraNa, vilepana Adi ke dvArA zarIra kA zrRMgAra karatI thiiN| 5 karca aura phanaka ( braza yA kaMghI ) se kezoM kA saMskAra karatI thiiN|6 zreSTha rAjakanyAe~ rAjAoM ke dvArA vivAhArtha mAMgI jAtI thiiN| isa taraha nArI kI 1. vahI; pariziSTa 2. 2. vhii| 3. sA pavvaIyA saMtI pavvAvesI tahiM bahuM / sayaNaM pariyaNaM ceva sIlavaMtA bahussuA / -30 22.23. tathA dekhie-pariziSTa 2. 4. vhii| 5. dekhie-pR0 404, pA0 Ti0 1. 6. aha sA bhamarasaMnibhe kuccphnngppsaahie| -u0 22. 3.. 7. tassa rAImaI kannaM bhajja jAyai kesvo| -u0 22.6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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406 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana yadyapi Adarza evaM svatantra sthiti bhI thI parantu sAmAnyataura se vaha puruSAdhIna hokara puruSa kI sampatti mAnI jAtI thI / " rIti-rivAja evaM prathAe~ grantha meM kucha sAMskRtika tathA kucha sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM evaM prathAoM kA ullekha milatA hai jinase tatkAlIna sAmAjika tathA sAMskRtika jIvana ke viSaya meM kucha jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai / kucha pramukha rIti-rivAja evaM prathAe~ isa prakAra haiM : yajJa : dhArmika kriyAoM meM vaidika yajJoM kA kAphI pracalana thA / ye yajJa do prakAra ke hote the : 1. pazu - hiMsA vAle aura 2. pazu-hiMsA se rahita / inameM se jo bar3e yajJa huA karate the ve bahuta kharcIle par3ate the / ina yajJoM kA sampAdana vedavid brAhmaNa kiyA karate the parantu inakA kharca yajamAna ( yajJa karAne vAlA ) vahna kiyA karatA thA / yajJa kI samApti hone para brAhmaNa Adi ko yajJAna bA~TA jAtA thA / ataH nami rAjarSi se indra kahatA hai ki vistRta yajJa karake tathA zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara dIkSA leveM / 4 yamayajJa yA bhAvayajJa - ajJAnamUlaka pazu - hiMsA pradhAna yajJoM kI ora se logoM kI cittavRtti ko mor3ane ke lie grantha meM yajJa kI bhAvAtmaka ( AdhyAtmika - ahiMsApradhAna ) vyAkhyA kI gaI hai 1. dhaNaM pabhUyaM saha itthiyAhi / -- u0 14.16. tathA dekhie - u0 16.17 Adi / 2. viyarijjaI khajjai bhujjaI annaM pabhUyaM bhavayANabheyaM / 3. vahI ; u0 12.11; 25.7-8. 4. jaittA viule janne bhIittA samaNamAha / dattA bhoccA yajiTThAya tao gacchasi khattiyA // - u0 12.10. - u0 9.38. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [407 jise grantha meM 'yamayajJa' ke nAma se kahA gayA hai|' 'yama' mRtyu kA devatA mAnA jAtA hai| saMsAra meM aisA koI bhI prANI nahIM hai jo isa mRtyu rUpI yama devatA ke dvArA grasita na hotA ho| ataH jisa yajJa meM mRtyu ko jItA jAe yA mRtyu kA havana kiyA jAe use 'yamayajJa' kahate haiN| jaba brAhmaNa loga jaina muni harikezibala tathA jayaghoSa se karmavinAzaka yajJa kI prakriyA pUchate haiM to ve donoM isI yamayajJa kI prakriyA ko batalAte haiM tathA ise sarvazreSTha yajJa kahate haiN| isa yajJa kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie yajJIya adhyayana se eka prasaMga uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : __ jayaghoSa nAmaka eka jaina muni vihAra karate hue apane bhAI vijayaghoSa brAhmaNa ke yajJamaNDapa meM pahu~cate haiM aura vahA~ brAhmaNa yAjakoM se yajJAnna kI yAcanA karate haiN| yaha sunakara jaba brAhmaNa loga kahate haiM ki isa yajJAna ko sirpha vedavida, yajJakartA, jyotiSAGgavid, dharmazAstrajJAtA tathA sva-parakalyANakartA brAhmaNa hI prApta kara sakatA hai to muni isake jabAba meM kahate haiM ki Apa loga vedAdi ke mukha ko hI nahIM jAnate haiN| yaha sunakara jaba brAhmaNa pUchate haiM ki vedAdi ke mukha ko kauna jAnatA hai aura vedAdi ke mukha kyA haiM ? taba muni vaidika tathA jainadRSTi se samanvita va gambhIra artha se yukta dvayarthaka bhASA meM isa prakAra uttara dete haiM : vedoM kA mukha-agnihotra vedoM kA mukha hai arthAt jisa veda meM agnihotra kA pradhAnatA se varNana ho vahI veda vedoM kA mukha hai / vedoM 1. z2AyAi jamajannammi jayaghosi ti naamo| -u025.1. . . susaMvuDA paMcahiM saMvarehi ...."mahAjayaM jayai jannasiTTha / -u0 12.42. 2. vhii| grantha meM tIna jagaha isa yajJa kA varNana milatA hai: 1. indranami-saMvAda (havAM adhyayana) meM, 2. harikezibala muni aura brAhmaNoM ke saMvAda (12vA~ , adhyayana) meM tathA 3. jayaghoSa muni aura brAhmaNoM ke saMvAda ( 25 vA~ adhyayana ) meN| 3. u0 25.1-18. For Personal & Private Use Only

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408 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana meM isI agnihotra kI pradhAnatA hone se agni ke saMskAra ko yajJa kahA jAtA hai / vaidika, daivika aura bhautika agni meM vaidika agni 'yaju' kahalAtI hai / isa taraha vedAnusAra artha saMgata ho jAtA hai / parantu muni ko yahA~ para taparUpa agni abhipreta hai jisa tapAgni se karmarUpI mahAvana dhvasta kiyA jA sake / yajJoM kA mukha - jisase kamoM kA kSaya ho vaha yajJoM kA mukha hai / yaha bhAvayajJa karmoM kA kSaya karanevAlA hai aura isake atirikta anya hiMsApradhAna vaidika yajJa karmakSaya meM kAraNa na hokara karma-bandha meM kAraNa haiM / ataH jina zAstroM meM yamayajJoM kA vidhAna hai unheM veda kahate haiM aura jo aise yajJoM ko karatA hai vaha yAjaka hai / nakSatroM kA mukha - candramA nakSatroM kA mukha ( pradhAna ) hai | nakSatra, candra maNDala Adi jyotiSazAstra kA viSaya hai aura jyotiSazAstra ke anusAra nakSatroM meM candramA kI pradhAnatA hai| dharmoM kA mukha - kAzyapagotrIya bhagavAn RSabhadeva dharmoM ke mukha haiM / jaina dharma ke Adi pravartaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva kAzyapagotrI the / brahmANDapurANa aura AraNyaka Adi meM bhI RSabhadeva kI stuti milatI hai / ' sva-para kA kalyANakartA - ahiMsArUpa yamayajJa kA anuSThAna karanevAlA yAjaka hI sva-para kA kalyANakartA hai | isa taraha muni ne isa uttara dvArA svayaM ko vedAdi kA vettA tathA brAhmaNoM ko vedAdi kA avettA bhI siddha kiyA hai / bhAvayajJa ke upakaraNa va vidhi- isa bhAvayajJa meM dravya yajJa ke sthAnApanna kauna-kauna se upakaraNa hote haiM tathA isa yajJa ko sampanna karane kI vidhi kyA hai ? brAhmaNoM ke dvArA isa prakAra kA prazna pUchane para harikezibala muni isa prakAra uttara dete haiM : 1. dekhie - - u0 A0 TI0, pR0 1114-1115. 2. tapo joI jIvo joiThANaM jogA suyA sarIraM kArisaMgaM / kammehA saMjamajogasaMtI homaM hRNAmi isiNaM pasatthAM // mehara me saMtititthe aNAvile attapasannale se || - u0 12.44-46. tathA dekhie- u0 12.42-43,47, 6.40; merA nibandha - 'yajJa : eka anucintana' zramaNa, sita0 - akTUbara, 1966. For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. agni prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [406 dravyayajJa bhAvayajJa : 1. tapa (jyotirUpa-kyoMki agni kI taraha tapa meM karmamala bhasma karane kI zakti hai) 2. agnikuMDa ( agni prajvalita 2. jIvAtmA __ karane kA sthAna ) 3. sa vA ( jisase ghRtAdi kI 3. trividha yoga (kyoMki Ahuti Ahuti dI jAtI hai ) kie jAne vAle sabhI zubhAzubha karmendhanoM kA Agamana yoga ke dvArA hI hotA hai| 4. karISAGa ( jisase agni 4. zarIra ( kyoMki tapAgni isI prajvalita kI jAtI hai| se pradIpta hotI hai ) jaise : ghata Adi) 5. samidhA (zamI, palAza Adi 5. zubhAzubha karma (kyoMki kI lakar3iyA~ ) - ye hI tapAgni meM lakar3I kI taraha bhasma kie jAte haiM ) 6. zAntipATha ( kaSToM ko dUra 6. saMyama-vyApAra (kyoMki isase karane ke lie) jIvoM ko zAnti milatI hai) 7. havana (jisase agni prasanna ho) 7. cAritra 8. jalAzaya ( snAna ke lie) 8. ahiMsA dharma .. 6. zAntitIrtha ( sopAna ) brahmacarya tathA zAnti 10. jala ( jisase karma ra ja 10. kaluSabhAva se rahita zubhadUra ho ) lezyAvAlI AtmA ( kyoMki aise tIrthajala meM snAna karane se karma raja dUra ho jAtI hai ) 11. nirmalatA ( snAna ke bAda 11. antaraGgAtmA nirmala aura prApta hone vAlI zuddhi ) tAjI ho jAtI hai| 12. gaudAna ( yajJa ke anta meM 12. saMyama-pAlana ( yaha sahasroM diyA jAnevAlA dAna ) gaudAnoM se zreSTha hai ) isa taraha isa bhAvayajJa meM jIvAtmArUpI agnikuNDa meM zarIrarUpI karISAGga se taparUpI agni ko prajvalita karake karmarUpI For Personal & Private Use Only

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410 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana indhanakA yogarUpI vA se havana kiyA jAtA hai| saMyama - vyApArarUpI zAntipATha ko par3hA jAtA hai / brahmacaryarUpI zAnti-tIrtha meM snAna kiyA jAtA hai / saMyama kA pAlana karanA hI gaudAna hai / isa taraha isa yajJa ko sampanna karane ke bAda adhyAtma jalAzaya meM snAna karane se karmamala dhula jAte haiM aura AtmA nirmala hokara mokSa ko prApta kara letI hai / aisA hI yajJa RSiyoM ke dvArA prazasta evaM upAdeya hai| vivAha prathA : strI aura puruSa ke madhura milana ko eka sUtra meM bA~dhanevAlI sAmAjika prathA vivAha hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vivAha sambandhI jo jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai usase nimna niSkarSa nikalate haiM 1. sAdhAraNatayA vara evaM kanyA donoM pakSoM ke mAtA-pitA yA unake agraja sambandhIjana pahale vivAha sambandha taya kiyA karate 12 vivAha sambaMdha taya ho jAne ke bAda vidhipUrvaka vivAha kI kriyA kI jAtI thI / bhagavAn ariSTanemI ke yuvA - ( vivAha-yogya ) hone para jaba unake agraja kezava (zrI kRSNa ) vivAha sambandha ke lie ugrasena kI putrI rAjImatI kI yAcanA karate haiM to ugrasena kahate haiM ki kumAra yahA~ AeM aura vadhU ko grahaNa kreN| isake bAda vara aura vadhU ko saba prakAra se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA hai / vara apane rAjasI vaibhava ke sAtha zreSTha gandhahastI para savAra hokara caturaGgiNI senA evaM gAje-bAje ke sAtha saparivAra nagara se prasthAna karatA hai / 2. kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA thA ki videza se vyApAra Adi ke lie Ae hue vara ke guNoM se AkRSTa hokara lar3akI kA pitA use apanI kanyA vivAha detA thA / isake bAda vara jaba taka cAhatA 9. vahI / 2. dekhie - pR0 367, pA0 Ti0 7; pR0 405, pA0 Ti0 7. 3. ihAgacchatu kumArI jA se kannaM dadAmi haM / - u0 22.8. tathA dekhie - pR0 411, pA0 Ti0 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [411 taba taka vahA~ rahakara usake sAtha bhoga bhogatA aura phira use lekara svadeza lauTa AtA thaa|' 3. kabhI-kabhI mAtA-pitA kahIM se manapasanda sundara kanyA lAkara pUtra ko de dete the|2 caMki usa samaya nArI ko sampatti mAnA jAtA rahA hai ataH yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba kanyA kharIdakara yA isI prakAra ke kinhIM anya upAyoM ke dvArA lAI jaae| 4. jaba vara dUlhe ke rUpa meM bArAta lekara kanyA ke ghara jAtA thA to use nAnA prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA thA tathA deza aura kulAdi ke anurUpa kautukamaMgala Adi kArya bhI kie jAte the| bArAta meM U~ca-nIca saba prakAra ke loga jAte the aura unake lie bhojanAdi kA prabandha bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| 5. kabhI-kabhI devatA kI preraNA se bhI rAjakanyAe~ vara ko sauMpa dI jAtI thiiN|4 . 6. zreSTha gUNa va rUpa-sampanna rAjakanyAe~ rAjakumAroM ke dvArA prArthanA karane para bhI bar3I muzkila se prApta hotI thiiN| yadi kisI ko aisI rAjakanyA rAjA svayaM de de to vaha bar3A saubhAgyazAlI samajhA jAtA thaa| ataH bhadrA rAjakumArI ugra tapasvI harike zibala muni ko mAranevAle brAhmaNoM se kahatI hai- 'yaha muni ugra tapasvI tathA brahmacArI hai| svayaM mere pitA kozala nareza ke dvArA devatA kI preraNA se mujhe isake lie die jAne para bhI isane mujhe grahaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| isI prakAra sarvaguNasampanna rAjakumAra ariSTanemI 1. dekhie-pR0 367, pA0 Ti0 1. 2. dekhie-pR0 367, pA0 Ti0 7. 3. savvosahIhiM havio kayakoUyamaMgalo / digvajuyalaparihio AbharaNehiM vibhUsio / / tujhaM vivAhakajjaMmi bhoyAveuM bahuM jaNaM / / -u0 22.6-17. 4. devAbhiogeNa nioieNaM dinnAsu rannA maNasA na jhaayaa| - jo me tayA necchai dijjamANi piuNA sayaM kosalie Na rannA / / -u0 12.21-22. 5. vhii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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412] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana ko yAcanA karane para bhI rAjA ugrasena apanI kanyA rAjImatI dene ke lie tabhI taiyAra hote haiM jaba ariSTanemI ke bar3e bhAI kezava yaha svIkAra kara lete haiM ki ve vara ko lekara bArAta ke sAtha kanyA ke ghara aaeNge|' isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki kucha loga rAjakumAroM ke lie rAjakanyAe~ bheMTasvarUpa meM bhI de diyA karate the| isIlie jaba kezava ariSTanemI ke lie rAjImatI kI yAcanA karate haiM to rAjImatI ke pitA dvArA yaha kahanA ki rAjakumAra yahAM.. Ae~ aura le jAe~ yaha siddha karatA hai ki zreSTha kanyAe~ vivAhotsavapUrvaka sasammAna dI jAtI thIM tathA kucha sAdhAraNa kanyAe~ saMbhavataH bheTarUpa meM bhI bheja dI jAtI thiiN| 7. prAyaH bahu-vivAha bhI hote the| rAjAoM evaM sampanna kuloM meM eka se adhika patniyA~ huA karatI thiiN| jaise:2 rAjA vasudeva kI rohaNI aura devakI ye do rAniyA~ thiiN| mRgAputra kaI striyoM ke sAtha devasadRza bhoga bhogA karatA thaa| isI prakAra mRgAputra ke pitA balabhadra rAjA kI mRgA nAma kI paTarAnI thii| 8. ina vivAha-sambandhoM ke atirikta kabhI-kabhI pati ke marane para kucha vidhavAeM hRSTa-puSTa puruSa ke sAtha bhI calI jAtI thiiN| saundarya-prasAdhana : usa samaya vastra va AbhUSaNoM ke atirikta snAna, mAlAdhAraNa, vilepana Adi ke dvArA zarIra kA zRGgAra kiyA jAtA thaa| karca va phanaka (braza yA kaMghI ) se bAloM ko saMskRta kiyA jAtA thA tathA kuNDala kAnoM meM pahane jAte the| isa taraha ye AbhUSaNa Adi saundarya-prasAdhana ke kAma Ate the| 1. dekhie-pR0 410, pA0 Ti0 3. 2. tassa bhajjA duve AsI rohiNI devaI thaa| -u0 22.2. tathA dekhie-pR0 403, pA0 Ti0 1; pariziSTa 2. 3. dekhie-pR0 133, pA0 Ti0 2; pR0 403, pA0 Ti0 1. 4. dekhie-pR0 404, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 411, pA0 Ti0 3. 5. vahI; u0 6.60. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [413 dAha-saMskAra : kisI parivAra meM kisI vyakti ke marane para parivAra ke loga kucha dina taka zoka karate hue mRta prANI ko ghara se nikAlakara bAhara le jAte aura vahA~ jalatI huI citA para rakhakara usakA dAhasaMskAra karate the| yaha kriyA pitA ke marane para putra, putra ke marane para pitA tathA anya sambandhIjanoM ke marane para unake sambandhIjana kiyA karate the| isake bAda jahA~ jIvikA calatI vahA~ usI dAtAra ke pIche cale jAte the| pazu-pAlana : usa samaya kI sampatti meM pazu bhI eka the| unameM kucha pazu yuddhasthala meM kAma Ate the| yuddha meM hAthI aura ghor3e bahuta upayogI the| grantha meM inakA bahutra ullekha milatA hai| kamboja-dezotpanna ghor3e suzikSita, yuddhopayogI aura zreSTha hote the| hAthiyoM meM 'gandhahastI' kA ullekha milatA hai jisa para savAra hokara ariSTanemI vivAhArtha gae the / 5 jaba kabhI hAthI bandhana tor3akara bhAga jAtA thA to mahAvata usa madonmatta hAthI ko aMkuza ke dvArA vaza meM 1. vahI / 2. gavAsaM maNikuMDalaM pasavo dAsaporusaM / -u065. tathA dekhie-u0.6.46; 13.24; 20.14 Adi / 3. nAgo saMgAmasIse vA sUro abhihaNe paraM / -u0 2. 10. jahA se kaMboyANaM AiNNe kathae siyaa| Ase javeNa pavare -u0 11.16. tathA dekhie-pR0 366, pA*Ti03; u0 12.30; 1.12; 23.58, 4. vhii| 5. mattaM ca gaMdhahatthiM ca vAsudevassa jiTThayaM / -u0 22.10. For Personal & Private Use Only

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414 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kiyA karatA thaa|' yuddha meM hAthI hI Age rahate the| ataH grantha meM hAthI ko 'saMgrAma-zIrSa' hokara zatru ko jItanevAlA kahA gayA hai| hAthI aura ghor3e pazuoM meM zreSTha mAne jAte the| zreNika rAjA anAthI muni se apanA paricaya dete hue inhIM donoM pazuoM kA ullekha karate haiN| kuttA aura zUkara ye donoM pazu zikAra ke kAma Ate the|4 bakarA mihamAna ke bhoja ke lie acchA samajhA jAtA thA / 5 yajJa meM bhI pazu kAma Ate the| ata. yajJa meM pazuhiMsA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| pazuoM ke atirikta pakSiyoM ko bhI pijar3e meM rakhakara. pAlAposA jAtA thaa|6 grantha meM kaI pakSiyoM ke nAma milate haiM parantu una sabako pAlA nahIM jAtA thaa| pazuoM aura pakSiyoM ko pakar3ane aura pAlane ke lie nAnA prakAra ke jAloM aura pijar3oM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| 1. aMkuseNa jahA naago| -u0 22.47. tathA dekhie-u0 14.48. 2. dekhie-pR0 413, pA0 Ti0 3. 3. assA hatthI maNussA me / / -u0 20.14. 4. kuvaMto kola-suNaehiM sabalehiM ya / -u0 16.55. ___ tathA dekhie-u0 16.66.. 5. aya kakkara bhoi ya".""""jahA esa va ele| -u0 7.7. 6. nAhaM rame pakkhiNi paMjare vaa| -u0 14.41. 7. dekhie-nabhacara tiryaJca, prakaraNa 1. 8. pAsehiM ka DajAlehi mio vA avaso ahaM / vIdaMsaehiM jAlehiM leppAhi sauNo viva / -u0 16.64-66. tathA dekhie-u0 16.53; 23.40-43; 32.6; 22.14,16;pR0 414, pA0Ti06. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti khAna-pAna : ghI, dUdha, anna Adi ke atirikta madirA aura mAMsa-bhakSaNa bhI kAphI mAtrA meM hotA thaa| ariSTanemI ke vivAha ke avasara para bahuta se logoM ke bhoja ke lie bahuta se pazuoM ko eka bAr3e ke andara ekatrita kiyA gayA thaa| yahA~ para bahuta se logoM ke lie kahane se spaSTa hai ki adhikAMza loga mAMsabhakSaNa karate the aura bahuta hI kama loga aise the jo mAMsabhakSaNa nahIM karate the| mRga, matsya, bakarA aura mahiSa kA mAMsa adhika pracalita rahA hogA kyoMki grantha meM zikAra ke avasara para mRga-hanana, mihamAna ke bhoja ke lie bakarA-pAlana tathA mahiSa ko agni meM pakAne kA ullekha milatA hai / 2 matsya pakar3ane ke lie bar3izoM (lohe ke kA~ToMvAlA jAla) kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| sAdhuoM kA AhAra nirA. miSa aura nIrasa hotA thaa| grantha meM madirA ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai : 1. surA, 2. sIdhu ( tAla vRkSa ke rasa se utpanna ), 3. meraka 1. vADehiM paMjarehiM ya saMniruddhA ya acchahiM / ___ -u0 22.16. tathA dekhie-pR0 411, pA0 Ti0 3. .. 2. huAsaNe jalaMtammi ciAsu mahiso viva / -u0 16.58. tathA dekhie-pR0 414, pA0 Ti0 5, 8; u0 16.70-71, 5.9; 7.6; 18.3-6 Adi / 3. rAgAure vaDisa vibhinnakAe macche jahA Amisabhoga giddhe / -u0 32.63. tathA dekhie-u0 16.65. 4. dekhie-AhAra, prakaraNa 4. 5. tuhaM piyA surA sIhU merao ya mahUNi ya / -u0 16.71. vara vAruNIe va raso vivihANa va AsavANa jarisao / mahumerayassa va raso" -u0 34.14. For Personal & Private Use Only

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416] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana (maireyaka-dugdha Adi uttama padArthoM se nikAlI gaI), 4. madhu ( mahue se banAI gaI ) aura 5. vAruNI ( zreSTha madirA ) / inake atirikta anya vividha prakAra ke Asava (madya) bhI the / ' rasoM meM kucha rasoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jinakA anubhava prAyaH sabhI ko thaa| jaise : zarkarA, khANDa, dAkha (mRdvIkA), khajUra, Amra, tuvara, nIma, tUMbI, trikaTukA (magha mirca), Ikha, kaTurohiNI (jvaranAzaka auSadhivizeSa), kapittha (kaithaH) Adi / ina khAdya aura peya padArthoM ke atirikta grantha meM kucha kanda-mUla Adi vanaspatiyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jinako sAmAnyarUpa se khAne ke prayoga meM lAyA jAtA rahA hogaa| manoraMjana ke sAdhana : manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM meM usa samaya nRtya, gIta vAdya Adi ke atirikta mRgayA (zikAra ), dyUtakrIDA ( juA khelanA ) aura udyAna meM vihAra ye bhI manoraMjana ke sAdhana the| jaise : ka. mRgayA-rAjA Adi apane manoraMjanArtha mRgayA ke lie jAyA karate the| mRgayA ke lie jAte samaya rAjA ghor3e para savAra hotA thA tathA usake sAtha sainyadala bhI jAtA thaa| rAjA saMjaya mRgayA ke lie jAte samaya caturaMgiNI senA ko bhI sAtha le gayA thaa| ___ kha. chU takrIr3A-zikAra kI taraha dyUtakrIr3A bhI RgvedakAla se hI bhArata meM vartamAna hai|5 mahAbhArata kA yuddha dyUtakrIr3A kA hI pariNAma hai / grantha meM akAma-maraNa ko prApta honevAle jIva 1. vhii| 2. dekhie-lezyA, prakaraNa 2; u0 24.10-13.15; 19.56. 3. dekhie-vanaspati jIva, prakaraNa 1; u0 34.4, 11, 16; 22.45. 4. nAmeNaM saMjao nAma migavvaM uvnnigge| -u018.1. tathA dekhie-u0 18.2-6. 5. Rgveda, maNDala 10, sUtra 34. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [417 kI upamA jue meM hAre hue juAr3I se dI gaI hai| isase dyUtakrIr3A va dyUtakrIr3A meM hAre hue vyakti kI sthiti kA jJAna hotA hai| ga. udyAna meM vihAra-yAtrA-prAyaH nagaroM ke samIpa meM udyAna huA karate the jo nAnA prakAra ke phUloM,2 phaloM, vRkSoM, aura latAmaNDapoM5 Adi se suzobhita rahate the|6 inameM rAjA loga nAnA prakAra kI krIr3Ae~ kiyA karate the jinheM 'vihAra-yAtrA' kahate the| ina udyAnoM meM Akara sAdhu apanI sAdhanA bhI kiyA karate the| grantha meM aise kaI udyAnoM kA ullekha milatA 1. dhutteva kAliNA jie / / -u0 5.16. 2. grantha meM ullikhita kucha phUloM ke nAma-atasI ( 16.56 ; 34.6 ), asana, saNa ( 34.8 ), mucakunda yA kunda ( 34.6; 36.61 ), zirISa ( 34.16 ) aadi| 3. grantha meM ullikhita kucha phaloM ke nAma-Ama, kapittha (7.11; 34.12-13), bilva ( 12.18 ), kiMpAka ( 32.20; 16.18 ), tAlapuTa ( 23.45; 6.53; 16.13 ) Adi / ___4. grantha meM ullikhita kucha vRkSoM ke nAma-caitya (6.6-10), tinduka (12.8 ), jambU-sudarzana ( 11.27 ), zAlmali ( 16.53; 20.36 ), azoka ( 34.5 ), kiMpAka ( 32.20 ) Adi / 5. apphovamaMDavammi -u0 16.5. 6. nANAdumalayAinnaM nANApavikhaniseviyaM / nANAkusumasaMchannaM ujjANaM naMdaNIvamaM // tattha so pAsaI sAhuM saMjayaM susamAhiyaM / tisannaM rkkhmuulmmi...............| -u0 20.3-4. tathA dekhie-u0 25.3; 18.6; 23.4, 8; 16.1. 7. vihArajattaM nijjAo maMDikucchisi ceie / -u0 20.2. . 8. dekhie-pR0 417, pA0 Ti0 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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418 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana hai / ' eka jagaha inheM 'caitya' zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai / koIkoI udyAna itane bar3e hote the ki vahA~ para bahuta se loga ekatrita ho sakate the / jaise : zrAvastI nagarI ke samIpavartI 'tinduka' udyAna meM kezikumAra tathA 'koSThaka' udyAna meM gautama apanI-apanI ziSyamaMDalI ke sAtha Thahare hue the / isI bIca gautama jainadharma ke viSaya meM utpanna huI ziSyamaMDalI kI zaMkA ke nirAkaraNArtha apanI ziSyamaNDalI ke sAtha tinduka udyAna meM jAte haiM / usa samaya vahA~ para donoM kI ziSya maNDalI tathA anya aneka deva-dAnavoM ke atirikta hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM bahuta se pAkhaNDI, kautukI tathA gRhastha bhI ekatrita hote haiM / 3 vyApAra aura samudrayAtrA : vaizyoM kA mukhya pezA vyApAra thA aura ve vyApAra ke lie videza bhI jAyA karate the / vyApAra karane ke kAraNa hI unheM 'vaNika' kahA jAtA thA / " vaNik kA hI apabhraMza rUpa 'baniyA' vyApAriyoM ke lie Aja bhI prayukta hotA hai| prAyaH samudrapAra vaNik hI jAyA karate the / ataH samudra pAra karane ke viSaya meM vaNik kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai / samudrapAra jAte samaya bar3I 1. jaise : kAmpilya nagara kA kezarI udyAna (18.3 - 4 ), zrAvastI kAtinduka va koSThaka ( 23.4, 8, 15), banArasa kA manorama ( 25.3 ), magadha kA maMDikukSika ( 2002 - 3 ), devaloka kA nandana ( 20.3, 36 ) / 2. dekhie - pR0 417, pA0 Ti0 6-70 3. samAgayA bahU tattha pAsaMDA ko ugAsiyA / gihatthANaM aNegAo sAhassIo samAgayA || tathA dekhiee - u0 23.4-18,20. 4. dekhie - pR0 367, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 416, pA0 Ti0 2. 5. kiNato kaiyo hoi vikkiNaMto ya vANio / - u0 35.14. 6. je taraMti ataraM vaNiyA va / - u0 23.16. - u0 8.6. tathA dekhie - pR0 402, pA0 Ti0 1; pR0 367, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [416 nAvoM yA jala-potoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| kabhI-kabhI vyApAra meM inheM ghATA bhI ho jAtA thA aura kabhI-kabhI maladhana hI nikala pAtA thaa|2 vastu ko kharIdane ke lie sikkoM kA bhI prayoga hotA thaa| grantha meM sikkA ke artha meM 'kAkiNI' kA ullekha milatA hai jo usa samaya kA sabase choTA sikkA thaa| tolane ke lie mApaka-bATa evaM tarAja kA prayoga hotA thaa| vyApAra ke lie samudra pAra jAte samaya vyApAriyoM ko bar3A bhaya rahatA thA kyoMki samudra meM jvAra-bhATe Adi ke Ane para rakSA ke samucita sAdhana nahIM the| samadrayAtrA se vApisa A jAnA bar3I kuzalatA samajhI jAtI thii| ataH pAlita vaNik ke videza se pota dvArA ghara A jAne para 'kuzalatApUrvaka A gae' aisA kahA gayA hai| videza meM kabhI-kabhI vaNik zAdI bhI kara lete the| pazcAt kucha dina vahAM rahakara patnI ke sAtha ghara A jAte the| samudrayAtrA meM kAphI samaya lagane ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI samadrayAtrA karate samaya jala-pota meM garbhavatI striyAM prasava bhI kara detI thiiN|6 samadrayAtrA yA anya kisI lambI yAtrA para jAte samaya pAtheya ( kalevA ) le jAyA 1. vahI; u0 23.70-73. 2. egottha lahaI lAbhaM ego mUleNa Agao // ........ ... ego mUlaMpi hArittA Agao tattha vaannio| -u0 7.14-15. 3. jahA kAgiNie heuM sahassaM hArae nro| -u0 7.11. 4. jahA tulAe toleu| -u0 16.42. domAsa kayaM kjj| -u08.17. 5. khemeNa Agae caMpaM / -u021.5. 6. aha pAliyassa gharaNI samuddammi pasavai / -u0 21.4. tathA dekhie-pR0 367, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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420 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana karate the jisase mArga meM kSudhAjanya' kaSTa na uThAnA par3e / ' sAmAnya yAtrA meM tathA mAla vagairaha Dhone meM bailagAr3I va ratha Adi ko . upayoga meM lAyA karate the|2 rogopacAra : grantha meM roga tathA usake auSadhopacAra ke viSaya meM sAmAnya saMketa milate haiN| rogoM kA ilAja karane ke lie bahuta se cikitsAcArya hote the| ye vamana, virecana, auSadhisevana, dhUmrapradAna netrasnAna, savauMSadhisnAna, mantra-vidyA Adi ke dvArA rogoM kA ilAja kiyA karate the| jaina sAdhu ke lie rogoM kA ilAja karAnA tyAjya thaa|5 rogoM kA ilAja karane ke lie catuSpAda cikitsA kI jAtI thii| catuSpAda cikitsA ke cAra aGga 1. addhANaM jo mahaMtaM tu sapAhejjo pvjjii| gacchaMto so suhI hoI chuhAtaNhavivajjio // -u0 19.21. 2. avaso loharahe jutto jalate smilaajue| coio tuttajuttehiM rojjho vA jaha pADio / / -u0 1657. tathA dekhie-u0 6.46 ; 5.14; 27.2-8. . 3. grantha meM ullikhita rogoM ke kucha nAma-Amaya ( 32.110 ), vyAdhi ( 32.12), AtaMka ( 10.27; 5.11; 21.18; 19.76; 26.35), visUcikA, arai cittodvega, gaMDa-jisameM grIvA phUla jAtI hai ( 10.27 ), akSivedanA (20.16-21 ). 4. maMtaM mUlaM vivihaM vecitaM vamaNavireyaNadhumaNetasiNANaM / Aure saraNaM tigicchiyaM ca taM parinnAya parivvae sa bhikkhU / / -u0 15.8. tathA dekhie-u0 20.22; 16.76-77, 76; 12.50; 22.6%, jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 311-318. 5. vahI; parISahajaya va bhikSAcaryA tapa, prakaraNa 5. 6. te me tigicchaM kuvaMti cAuppAyaM jahAhiyaM / -u0 20.23. 'cAuppAyaM' ti 'catuSpAdAM' bhiSagbheSajAturapraticArakAtmakacaturbhAga catuSTayAtmikAM 'yathAhitaM, hitA'natikrameNa / - vahI, ne0 vR0, pR0 266. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [421 ye haiM : 1. zreSTha vaidya yA cikitsaka, 2. zreSTha auSadhisevana, 3. rogI ke dvArA ilAja karAne kI utkaTa abhilASA aura 4. rogI ke sevaka / mantra-zakti va zakuna meM vizvAsa : prAcIna kAla se hI bhAratIya samAja meM mantra-tantrazakti tathA zubhAzubha phala batalAnevAle zAstroM meM vizvAsa rahA hai| ataH jaina sAdhu ko ina sabhI mantra-tantrazaktiyoM tathA zubhAzubha phala batalAnevAle zAstroM kA jIvikA Adi ke lie prayoga na karane ko kahA gayA hai / ' zreSTha sAdhu mantrAdi zaktiyoMvAle hote the aura unakI isI zakti ke kAraNa janatA meM sAdhu ke prakopa kA bar3A bhaya rahatA thaa| isIlie muni kI zaraNa meM Ae hue mRga ko mArane ke kAraNa rAjA saMjaya bhayabhItaM ho jAtA hai aura kSamA mAMgatA hai| isI prakAra harike zibala muni kA tiraskAra karanevAle brAhmaNoM se bhadrA kumArI kahatI hai ki yaha muni ghora parAkramI tathA AzIviSa labdhivAlA (manaHzaktivizeSa) hai| yaha krodhita hone para tuma sabako tathA sampUrNaloka ko bhI bhasma kara sakatA hai| isakI nindA karane kA artha hai-nakhoM se parvata ko khodanA, dAtoM se lohe ko cabAnA, pairoM se agni ko kuclnaa| ataH yadi jIvana aura dhanAdi kI abhilASA karate ho to tuma saba loga isakI zaraNa meM jAkara kSamA maaNgo| itanA kahakara vaha svayaM bhI muni se kSamA mAMgatI hai| 3 ariSTanemI ke vivAha ke avasara para kautUka-maMgala karane kA artha hai zubhAzubha zakunoM meM vizvAsa / isI taraha rogopacAra meM bhI mantrAdi zaktiyoM kA prayoga hotA thA / 5 grantha meM isa taraha kI nimnokta vidyAoM kA ullekha milatA hai :6 1. dekhie-AhAra, prakaraNa 4. 2. viNaeNa vaMdae pAe bhagavaM ettha me khame / -u0 18.8. 3. dekhie-pR0 373, pA0 Ti0 5; u0 12.23, 26-28, 30. 4. dekhie-pR0 411, pA0 Ti0 3. 5. dekhie-pR0 420, pA0 Ti0 4. 6. u0 15.7; 20.46; 22.5; 36.267; 8.13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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422 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 1. chinna vidyA ( vastra va kASTha Adi ke chedane kI vidyA ), 2. svara vidyA (saMgIta ke svaroM kA jJAna ), 3. bhUkampa vidyA, 4. antarikSa vidyA, 5. svapna vidyA, 6. lakSaNa vidyA ( strI va puruSa ke cihnoM evaM rekhAoM kA jJAna ), 7. daNDa vidyA (lAThI ke parvoM kA jJAna ), 8. vAstu vidyA ( prasAda - sambandhI vidyA), 6. aMgavicAra vidyA ( aMga - sphuraNa kA jJAna ), 10. pazu-pakSI ke svaroM kI vidyA, 11. kautuka vidyA ( kautUhala utpanna karanevAlI vidyA), 12... kuheka vidyA ( Azcarya utpanna karanevAlI vidyA ) aura 13. nimitta vidyA (trikAla meM zubhAzubha phala batalAnevAlI vidyA ) / inake atirikta abhISTa siddhi ke lie mantra tathA bhUtikarma ( bhasma kA lepa ) kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / inheM mantra-tantra yA jAdU-TonA kI zakti kahA jA sakatA hai / inakI siddhi tapAdi ke prabhAva se hotI thI / ataH sAdhu ko tapa ke prabhAva se siddha honevAlI zaktiyoM kI ora se niHspRha rahane ko kahA gayA hai| isa taraha ina vividha rIti-rivAjoM evaM prathAoM se tatkAlIna bhAratIya samAja va saMskRti ke sAtha udyoga vyApAra Adi kA bhI patA calatA hai / kisI bhI samAja va saMskRti kI ThIka-ThIka sthiti ke jAnane meM ina rIti-rivAjoM aura prathAoM kA pramukha sthAna hotA hai / rAjya-vyavasthA va mAnava pravRttiyA~ 'yathA rAjA tathA prajA' kI kahAvata prAyaH sabhI jAnate haiM / sAtha hI yaha bhI sabhI jAnate haiM ki dezakAla kI paristhiti ke anukUla janasAmAnya kI pravRttiyA~ bhI badalatI rahatI haiM aura janasAmAnya kI pravRttiyA~ badalane para tatkAlIna rAjya-vyavasthA ke sAtha dhArmika va dArzanika sampradAyoM para bhI prabhAva par3atA hai / prakRta grantha meM rAjya-vyavasthA Adi ke viSaya meM jo saMketa milate haiM ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. maMtAjogaM kAuM bhUIkammaM ca je paraMjaMti / - u0 36.265. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 423 rAjya-vyavasthA : ..prajA para zAsana karanA kSatriya kA kAma thA aura jo zAsaka hotA thA vaha rAjA kahalAtA thaa| sAmAnyatayA rAjA kI mRtyu ke bAda usakA putra rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI hotA thaa| ataH rAjAgaNa apane putra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara dIkSA grahaNa kiyA karate the|' jisa sampatti kA koI uttarAdhikArI nahIM hotA thA usakA uttarAdhikArI rAjA hotA thaa| ataH bhagu purohita ke saparivAra dIkSA le lene para iSukAra deza kA rAjA usa para apanA adhikAra batalAtA hai| ___ rAjAoM kA aizvarya-rAjAoM kA aizvarya devoM ke tulya hotA thaa| inake prAsAdoM ke talabhAga meM maNi-ratnAdi jar3e rahate the|4 sira para chatra-cAmara DhalAe jAte the|5 ye nRtya, gIta, vAdya Adi saMgIta-sAmagrI se yukta nArIjanoM ke sAtha bhoga bhogA karate the| yuddha meM kuzalatA prApta karane ke lie kabhI-kabhI ye 1. puttaM rajje ThavittA nnN| -u0 18.37. tathA dekhie-u0 9.2; 18.47. 2. purohiyaM taM sasuyaM sadAraM soccA'bhinikkhamma pahAya bhoe / kuDuMbasAraM viuluttamaM ca rAyaM abhikkhaM samuvAya devI // -u0 14.37. 3. so devalogasarise aMte uravaragao vare bhoe / bhuMjittu namI rAyA buddho bhoge pariccayaI / / -u06.3. tathA dekhie-u0 6.51. ". 4. maNirayaNakuTTimatale pAsAyAloyaNe Thio / Aloei nagarassa caukkattiya caccare / -u0 16.4. 5. aha UsieNa chatteNa cAmarAhi ya sohio| -u0 22.11. na hi goehiM ya vAiehiM nArIjaNAI parivArayaMto / -u0 13.14. tathA dekhie-pR0423, pA0 Ti0 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

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424 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana - sainyadala ke sAtha zikAra khelane bhI jAte the| ye sukumAra, susajjita aura sUkhocita hote the / 2 bhoga-vilAsatA ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI. koI koI rAjA apanA rAjya bhI hAra jAtA thaa| pradhAna rAjA ke AdhIna anya kaI rAjAgaNa hote the jo eka-eka deza ke svAmI hote the| rAjA kI dIkSA ke avasara kA dRzya bhI darzanIya hotA thaa|5 rAjAoM kA itanA aizvarya evaM prabhatva hone para bhI rAjAjJA ko sabhI loga prasannatApUrvaka svIkAra nahIM karate the apitu dabAva evaM bhaya ke kAraNa mAnate the| ataH grantha meM avinIta ziSya ke dvArA guru kI AjJA pAlana karane ke viSaya meM rAjAjJA kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| rAjAoM ke pramukha kArya-rAjA ko apane rAjya kA vistAra karane tathA zatra ke AkramaNa se rAjya kI surakSA karane ke lie yuddha karanA par3atA thaa| ataH yuddha meM kuzala honA rAjA ko Avazyaka hotA thaa| rAjA kA pradhAna bala senA thI aura vaha yuddhasthala meM senA se hI zobhita hotA thaa| senA cAra bhAgoM (hAthI, ghor3A, ratha aura paidala ) meM vibhakta rahatI thI jise caturaMgiNI senA 1. dekhie-pR0 416, pA0 Ti0 4. 2. suhoio tumaM puttA sukumAlo sumjjio| . . -u0 16.35.. 3. apatthaM aMbagaM moccA rAyA rajjaM tu hArae / -u0 7.11. 4. je kei patthivA tujhaM nAnamaMti nraahivaa| vase te ThAvaittANaM tao gacchasi khattiyA // -u0 6.32. anio rAyasahassehiM supriccaaii...| -u015.43. 5. kAlohalagabhUyaM AsI mihilAe pavvayaMtammi / -u0 6.5. 6. rAyaveTTi ca mannatA kareMti bhiuDi muhe / -u0 27.13. 7. dekhie-pR0 402, pA0 Ti0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [425 kahate the|' hAthI aura ghor3e yuddha meM pramukha sahAyaka hote the| inameM hAthI sabase Age rahatA thaa|2 zatra ke prahAroM ko rokane ke lie ghor3oM ko kavaca pahanAe jAte the| vijetA pradhAna sainika sabake dvArA prazaMsita hotA thaa| rAjya kI dar3hatA aura apanA prabhutva banAe rakhane ke lie rAjA ke kucha kartavyoM kA ullekha indra-namisaMvAda meM milatA hai| jaise : 1. rAjya meM prajA ko kisI prakAra kA duHkha na ho| ataH nItimAna zAsaka ko prajA para anukampA karanevAlA honA caahie| isIlie indra rAjA nami kI dIkSA ke samaya pUchatA hai ki Aja mithilA meM itanA kolAhala kyoM vyApta hai tathA mahaloM Adi meM dAruNa zabda kyoM sunAI par3a rahe haiM ? 5 citta muni bhI brahmadatta cakravartI ko saba prajA para anukampA karane tathA dharmastha hokara Aryakarma karane kA upadeza dete haiN| 2. antaHpura, mandira Adi ko jalate hue dekhakara unakI surakSA kre| ataH indra dUsarA prazna etadviSayaka hI pUchatA hai / / 1. cauraMgiNIe seNAe raiyAe jahakkama / tuDiyANaM sanninAeNaM divveNaM gagaNaMphuse / -u0 22.12. tathA dekhie-pR. 416, pA0 Ti0 4. 2. dekhie-pR0 413, pA0 Ti0 3; u0 21.17. 3. Ase jahA sikkhiya vmmdhaarii| -u04.8. 4. jahAiNNa samArUDhe sUre daDhaparakkame / . . . . ubhao naMdighoseNaM evaM havai bhussue| -u0 11.17 5. kiNNu bho ajja"..."suvvaMti dAruNA saddA / -u0 6.7. 6. ajjAI kammAI karehi rAyaM dhamme Thio savvapayANu kampI / -u0 13.32. 7. esa aggI ya vAU ya kIsaM gaM nAvapekkhaha / -u0 6.12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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426 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana .. 3. zatruoM ke AkramaNa se rAjya kI surakSA ke lie kilA, .. gopura, ( kile kA daravAjA ), aTTAlikA, khAI, utsUlakA ( kile. kI khAI ), zataghnI ( bandUka ), dhanuSa, argalA, nagara, ketana, DorI, bANa Adi banavAnA caahie|' inake atirikta rAjA ko anya zastrAdi kA bhI nirmANa karavAnA par3atA thaa| grantha meM aise anya kaI zastroM kA ullekha milatA hai| jaise : asi ( atasI puSpa ke raMga kI talavAra ), karapatra (ArA), krakaca (ArA vizeSa), kuThAra, kalpanI. ( kataranI ), gadA, trizUla, kSarikA, mUsala, mugdara ( jisake donoM kinAroM para trizUla ho ), bhallI (bhAlA), vAsI (parazu ), aMkuza ( hAthI ko vaza meM rakhane kA cAbuka ), tUrya ( vAditra ), loharatha, samilA ( ratha kI dhurI ) Adi / 4. vAstukalA Adi ke vikAsa ke lie vividha prakAra se alaMkRta aneka prAsAdoM kA nirmANa kraanaa| rAjya meM vAstukalA kA vikAsa karAne meM rAjA hI samartha hotA thA kyoMki ye prAsAda bahuta vyaya sAdhya hote the| aise kucha prAsAdoM kA ullekha grantha meM bhI milatA hai| 5. corI karanevAle ( AmoSa ), DAkU ( lomahara ), rAste meM lUTanevAle luTere ( granthi-bhedaka ) tathA ThaganevAle ( taskara ) cora vizeSoM se nagara kI rakSA / 5 grantha meM dasyu aura mlecchoM kI saMkhyA 1. pAgAraM kAraittA gaM gopuraTTAlagANi ya / ussUlaga sayagghIo tao gacchasi khattiyA / / -u0 6.18. tathA dekhie-u06.20-22. 2. u0 16.38, 52, 56-57, 60, 62-63, 67-68, 93, 14.21% 20.47; 21.57; 22.12, 27.4,7; 34.18. 3. pAsAe kAraittANaM baddhamANagihANi ya / vAlamga poiyAo ya tao gacchasi khattiyA // -u0 6.24. 4. vahI; u0 6.7; 35.4; 1.26; 16.3.4; 13.13. 5. Amose lomahAre ya gaMThibhee ya takkare / . nagarassa khema kAUNaM tao gacchasi khattiyA // -3.6.28. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 427 bahuta adhika batalAI gaI hai / ' cora seMdha lagAkara corI karate the / 2 pakar3e jAne para rAjadaNDa milatA thaa| phAMsI kA daNDa milane ke pUrva aparAdhI ko koI nizcita veza-bhUSA pahanAI jAtI thI jisase loga pahacAna lete the ki amuka ne corI kI hai| ataH samudrapAla vadhasthAna ko le jAe jAnevAle vadhayogya cihnoM se vibhUSita vadhya (cora) ko dekha kara vairAgya ko prApta ho jAtA hai / 3 kabhI-kabhI saccA aparAdhI nahIM pakar3A jAtA thA aura niraparAdha ko daNDa mila jAtA thaa| 6. rAjya kA vistAra karane tathA prabhutva sthApita karane ke lie namaskAra na karanevAle rAjAoM ko vaza meM karane kA nirantara prayatna karAnA / 5 7. lokahitakAraka bar3e-bar3e yajJa karAnA tathA zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko bhojana-pAna karanA / 8. sva-parAkrama se prApta vastu kA hI upabhoga karanA / ataH indra rAjAnami se kahatA hai ki Apa gRhasthAzrama meM hI raheM anya ( saMnyAsa) Azrama kI abhilASA na kareM kyoMki saMnyAsAzrama meM yAcanApUrvaka jIvana yApana karanA par3atA hai| dUsaroM se yAcanA karanA kSatriyadharma ke viparIta hai / 1. bahave dasuyA milekkhuyA / - u0 10.16. 2. teNe jahA saMdhimuhe gahIe / - u0 4.3. 3. vajjhamaMDaNa sobhAgaM vajjhaM pAsai vajjhagaM / - u0 21. 8. 4. asaI tu maNussehi micchAdaMDo pajuJjaI / akAriNo'tya bajjhati muccaI kArao jaNo / 5. dekhie - pR0 424, pA0 Ti0 4. 6. dekhie - pR0 406, pA0 Ti0 4. 7. dekhie - pR0 235, pA0 Ti0 3. - u0 6.30. For Personal & Private Use Only

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428] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 8. rAjyakoza kI vaddhi krnaa| rAjA ko kozavaddhi karanA Avazyaka hotA thA kyoMki koza na hone para rAjya cirasthAyI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| ataH indra rAjA ko hiraNya, suvarNa, maNi, muktA, kAMsya, dUSya ( vastra ), vAhana ( hAthI-ghor3e ) Adi se kozavRddhi karane ko kahatA hai|' kozavaddhi meM satata prayatnazIla rahane ke kAraNa grantha meM kSatriyoM ko loka ke sampUrNa padArthoM kI prApti hone para bhI atRpta hone ke dRSTAntarUpa meM batalAyA gayA hai| 10. zaraNAgata ko abhayadAna denaa| ataH muni kI zaraNa meM Ae hue mRga ko mAranevAlA rAjA saMjaya muni se kSamA mAMgatA hai|' - isa taraha tatkAlIna rAjya-vyavasthA kI kucha jhalaka grantha meM milatI hai| mAnava-pravRttiyAM : usa samaya janasAmAnya kI pravRttiyAM kisa prakAra kI thIM? isa viSaya meM kezi-gautama saMvAda meM eka ullekha milatA hai| isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki AdikAla ( RSabhadeva ke samaya ) ke jIva 'Rjujar3a' the / isakA artha hai-sarala prakRti ke to the parantu arthabodha adhika kaThinAI se hotA thA arthAt isa samaya ke vyakti vinIta hokara ke bhI viveka se rahita the| isake bAda madhyakAla (RSabhadeva ke bAda tathA mahAvIra ke janma lene ke pUrva ) ke jIva 'RjuprAjJa' the| isakA artha hai-sarala ke sAtha buddhimAn the arthAt ye thor3e se saMketa mAtra se saba samajha jAte the aura vinIta bhI the| parantu mahAvIra ke kAla ke jIva jinake zAsana kAla meM uttarAdhyayana kA saMkalana huA hai 'vakrajar3a' the| isakA artha hai-kutarka karanevAle tathA viveka se 1. hiraNNaM suvaNaM maNimuttaM kaMsaM isaM ca vAhaNaM / kosaM vaDaDhAvaittANaM tao gacchasi khattiyA / / -u0 9.46. 2. na nivijati saMsAre savvaTThasu va khttiyaa| -u0 3.5. tathA dekhie-u0 6.46, . 3. dekhie-pR0 421, pA0, Ti0 2; u0 18.7, 11. * For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 429 hIna arthAt dhArmika upadeza ko kutarka dvArA khaNDita karanevAle tathA viveka se rahita / ' ataH isakA artha huA ki grantha ke racanAkAla meM janatA kA dharma ke prati vizvAsa ghaTatA jA rahA thA aura ve saMsAra ke bhogoM meM nimagna hote jA rahe the / hiMsA, jhUTha, lUTapATa, corI, mAyAcArI, zaThatA, kAmAsakti, dhanAdi-saMgraha meM Asakti, madya-mAMsabhakSaNa, para-damana, ahaMkAra, lolupatA Adi aneka pravRttiyAM janatA meM bar3ha raha thIM / isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki usa samaya ke sabhI loga aise hI the apitu bahuta se jIva sadAcArI bhIthe / unheM apane kula, jAti Adi kI pratiSThA kA bhI dhyAna thA / ataH rAjImatI saMyama se patita honevAle rathanemI ko kula kA smaraNa karAkara use va svayaM ko saMyama meM dRr3ha karatI hai / aise loga bahuta kama the / ataH grantha meM kaI sthaloM para dravyayajJa kI apekSA bhAvayajJa, bAhyazuddhi kI apekSA antaraMgazuddhi, bAhyaliGga ( veSa-bhUSA ) kI apekSA Antarika liMga, dravya-saMyama kI apekSA bhAva-saMyama kI pradhAnatA batalAI gaI hai| isake atirikta bhAva-saMyama se hIna vyakti kI nindA bhI kI gaI hai / 4 dhArmika evaM dArzanika sampradAya : : dhArmika evaM dArzanika sampradAyoM ke saMcAlaka prAyaH sAdhu hote the / janasAmAnya kI taraha ye bhI saMyama se patita hokara viSayoM ke prati unmukha ho rahe the / kAmAsakti sabase adhika thI / ataH grantha meM brahmacarya vrata ko sabase kaThina batalAkara aparigraha vrata se pRthak svatantra vrata ke rUpa meM ise svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta aura bhI anya aneka kupravRttiyA~ sAdhu sampradAya meM bar3ha rahI thIM / ataH grantha 1. dekhie - pR0 257, pA0 Ti0 1. 2. u0 5.5-6, 6-10 7.5-7, 22; 10.20 17.1; 14.16; 34.21 - 32 Adi / 3. ahaM ca bhogarAyassa taM cAsi aMghagavahiNo / mA kule gaMdhaNA homo saMjama nihuo cara / 4. dekhie - pR0 238, pA0 Ti0 3; anuzIlana, prakaraNa 5. - u0 22.44. pR0 236, pA0 Ti0 1-3; For Personal & Private Use Only

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430] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana meM bAra-bAra sAdhu ko saceSTa rahane ke lie kahA gayA hai| satrahaveM adhya yana meM patita-sAdhuoM ke kucha aise hI kriyA-kalApoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dhArmika sampradAyoM meM yadyapi prakRta grantha meM jaina zramaNoM ke AcAra kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai parantu kucha aise saMketa bhI milate haiM jinase anya dhArmika sampradAyoM kI sthiti kA bhI patA calatA hai| grantha meM unheM asat artha kI prarUpaNA karanevAle, mithyAdRSTi, pAkhaNDI Adi zabdoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / ' - una sampradAyoM ke nAma the :2 1. kriyAvAdI ( kevala kriyA se mukti mAnanevAle ), 2. akriyAvAdI ( AtmA kI kriyAzIlatA meM vizvAsa na karanevAle ), 3. vinayavAdI ( pazu-pakSI Adi sabhI ke prati vinayabhAva rakhanevAle ), 4. ajJAnavAdI ( mukti ke lie jJAna kI apekSA na svIkAra karanevAle ) 5. zAzvatavAdI ( vastu ko nitya mAnanevAle ) / ina sampradAyoM kA ullekha jaina AgamoM meM vistAra se milatA hai| ____ina cAra prakAra ke dArzanika sampradAyoM ke atirikta grantha meM bAhya veSa-bhUSA ke AdhAra se pAMca prakAra ke sAdhu-sampradAyoM kA bhI ullekha hai :4 1. cIrAjina ( vastra va mRgacarma dhAraNa karane1. kutitthinisevae jaNe / -u0 10.18. pAsaMDA kougAsiyA // -u0 23.16. tathA dekhie-u0 18.26-27, 52. 2. kiriyaM akiriyaM viNayaM annANaM ca mhaamunnii| eehiM cauhi ThANehiM meyanne ki pabhAsaI // -u015.23. sa puSvamevaM na la bhejja pacchA esovamA sAsaya vAiyANaM / -u0 4.6. 3. dekhie-jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 376, 428; sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.12.1. . 4. cIrAjiNaM nagiNiNaM jaDI saMghADi muMDiNaM / eyaNi vi na tAyaMti dussIla pariyAgayaM / / -u0 5.21. For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 431 vAle ), 2. nagna ( nagna rahanevAle jainetara sAdhu ), 3. jaTAdhArI, 4. saMghATI ( gudar3I ke vastra dhAraNa karanevAle ) aura 5. muNDita ( zira mur3AnevAle jainetara sAdhu ) / ina sampradAyoM ke atirikta usa samaya aura bhI rahe hoMge parantu unakA yahA~ ullekha nahIM milatA hai / saMvAda se spaSTa hai ki jainazramaNoM meM bhI do sampradAya the : 1. sacela ( pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke ziSya ) aura 2. acela ( mahAvIra kI paramparA ke ziSya ) / ye hI donoM sampradAya kAlAntara meM zvetAmbara ( sthavirakalpa ) aura digambara ( jinakalpa ) sampradAya ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue / anuLana sAmAjika vyavasthA kI dRSTi se usa samaya jAti aura varNa ke AdhAra para sAmAjika saMgaThana thA / jAta-pAMta kA bhedabhAva bahuta bar3ha cukA thA / zUdroM kI sthiti atyanta dayanIya thI / ye dAsa ke rUpa meM kAma karate the aura inakA sarvatra nirAdara hotA thA / brAhmaNoM kA Adhipatya thA aura ve dharma ke nAma para yajJoM meM aneka : mUka- pazuoM kI hiMsA karake apanA udara-poSaNa karate the / ye vedoM vAstavika artha ko nahIM samajhate the / jainoM kA unase vAda-vivAda hotA thaa| adhikAMza kSatriya aura vaizya kAphI dhanasampanna the / kSatriya prajA para zAsana karate aura bhoga-vilAsa meM lIna rahate the / kucha kSatriya rAjA zramaNadIkSA bhI le lete the / vaizya videzoM taka vyApAra karane jAte aura nimitta milane para zramaNa-dIkSA bhI le lete the / kaI sampradAya kezi- gautama parivAra meM mAtA-pitA kA sthAna sarvopari hotA thA / pitA parivAra kA pAlana-poSaNa karatA thA / parivAra meM putra sabako priya thaa| mAtA-pitA putra ke abhAva meM ghara meM rahanA nirarthaka samajhate the / parivAra meM mAtA-pitA kI zobhA putra se hI mAnI jAtI thI / . ataH putra ke dIkSA le lene para mAtA-pitA bar3e cintita hote the aura kabhI-kabhI mAtA-pitA bhI putra ke sAtha dIkSA le lete the / pitA kI ke bAda parivAra kI bAgaDora putra hI samhAlatA thA / 1 mRtyu For Personal & Private Use Only

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432 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana sAdhAraNataH patnI kA jIvana pati-bhakti taka hI sImita thaa| ataH kabhI-kabhI pati ke dIkSA le lene para patniyAM bhI dIkSA le letI thiiN| pati ke lie patniyAM prAya: bhogavilAsa kI sAdhana thiiN| kucha patniyA~ pati ko bhI prabodhita karatI thiiN| eka bhAI dUsare bhAI se sAdharaNatayA prema karatA thaa| _ nArI yadyapi parivAra se pRthak nahIM hai parantu usakI sthiti atyanta dayanIya thii| puruSa jaisA cAhatA vaisA usake sAtha vyavahAra karane meM svatantra thaa| puruSoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karake saMyama se patita karane meM kAraNa nArI hI hotI thii| parantu yaha puruSa kI ekAMgI dhAraNA thI kyoMki vaha apane Apako saMyamita na kara sakane ke kAraNa nArI ko doSa detA thA aura use bhalA-burA saba kucha kahatA thaa| anyathA rAjImatI, kamalAvatI jaisI zreSTha nAriyoM kI bhI kamI nahIM thI jinhoMne puruSoM ko. saMyama meM pravRtta kraayaa| yaha saca hai ki aisI zreSTha nAriyA~ kama thIM aura adhikAMza nAriyAM parApekSI tathA bhoga-vilAsa meM hI nimagna thiiN| ye pitA ke dvArA jise de dI jAtI thIM unakA sarvasva vahI ho jAtA thaa| pati ke dIkSA le lene para kucha nAriyAM unakA anusaraNa bhI karatI thiiN| kucha pati kI mRtyu ho jAne para para-puruSa kA bhI Alambana kara letI thiiN| isa taraha striyoM kI svatantra-sthiti kA prAyaH abhAva thaa| dhArmika-prathAoM meM yajJa kA atyadhika pracalana thaa| yajJoM meM aneka mUka-pazuoM kI bali dI jAtI thii| kucha aise bhI yajJa hote the jo ghRtAdi ke dvArA hI sampanna kie jAte the| inameM hiMsA nahIM hotI thI aura aise yajJamaNDapoM meM jainazramaNa bhI bhikSArtha jAyA karate the| kabhI-kabhI vahAM unakA tiraskAra bhI hotA thA parantu phira bhI ve vahAM para zAnta rahate aura avasara milane para yajJa kI bhAvaparaka AdhyAtmika vyAkhyAe~ bhI kiyA karate the| ___ strI aura puruSa kA sambandha karAne ke lie vivAha kI prathA pracalita thii| usameM prAyaH pitA hI sarvopari hotA thaa| ataH putra yA putrI ke adhikAMza sambandha pitA hI nizcita kiyA karatA thA / zreSTha kanyAoM kA vivAha bar3e utsava ke sAtha hotA thaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [433 bArAta ke sAtha vara kanyA ke ghara jAtA thA parantu hareka vivAhasambandha meM vara bArAta ke sAtha kanyA ke ghara nahIM jAtA thaa| isIlie rAjImatI ke pitA ugrasena kezava se bArAta lekara Ane ko kahate haiN| vara jaba bArAta ke sAtha prasthAna karatA thA to use nAnA prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM se susajjita kiyA jAtA thA tathA deza va kula kI paramparAnusAra kautuka-maMgala Adi kArya bhI kie jAte the| kucha kanyAe~ rAjAoM ko bheMTarUpa meM bhI de dI jAtI thiiN| vyApAra ke lie videza gae hue vaizya putra kabhI-kabhI videza meM hI vivAha kara lete the aura kucha dina gharajamAI banakara apane ghara vApisa A jAte the| usa samaya bahu-vivAha bhI hote the| kabhIkabhI pitA putra ke lie kahIM se sundara kanyA bhI le Ate the| aise sambandha zAyada kharIdakara lAI gaI athavA bheMTarUpa meM dI gaI athavA balAt chInakara lAI gaI kanyAoM ke sAtha hote rahe hoNge| jaisA ki anya tatkAlIna jaina Agama-granthoM meM dhana dekara kanyAoM ko kharIdane ke ullekha milate haiN|' kabhI-kabhI vivAha-sambandha deva kI preraNA Adi se bhI kara die jAte rahe hoNge| isa taraha strI aura puruSa ko eka bandhana meM bAMdhane (vivAha ) ke lie koI eka nizcita rivAja nahIM thA apitu yathAsuvidhA ye sambandha ho jAyA karate the| __ parivAra meM kisI ke mara jAne para usakA dAha-saMskAra karane kA rivAja thA / dAha-saMskAra prAyaH putra yA pitA karatA thaa| isake bAda kucha dina zoka karake usake sabhI sambandhIjana apane-apane kAryoM meM yathAsthAna laga jAte the| . jIvikA nirvAha tathA yuddha Adi meM upayoga ke lie pazupakSiyoM kA pAlana kiyA jAtA thaa| pazuoM meM hAthI, ghor3A, gAya, bakarA Adi pramukha the| khAna-pAna meM ghI, dUdha, phala, anna, mAMsa-madirA Adi kA Ama-rivAja thaa| bakare kA mAMsa bar3e cAva se khAyA jAtA thaa| ataH 'elaya' adhyayana meM 'karkara' zabda karate hue bakare ke mAMsa-bhakSaNa kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai| 1. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 255. For Personal & Private Use Only

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434 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 1 kSatriya rAjA loga yuddha-kauzala tathA manoraMjana Adi ke lie caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha mRgayA - vihAra ke lie jAyA karate the / ye zahara ke samIpa vartamAna udyAnoM meM jAkara striyoM ke sAtha nAnA prakAra kI krIr3Ae~ karate hue manoraMjana bhI karate the / dhanika vyApArI loga nAva se samudra pAra karake videza meM vyApAra karane ke lie bhI jAte the / samudrayAtrA meM vighnoM kI saMbhAvanA adhika rahatI thI / yaha samudrayAtrA karane kA sAmarthya prAyaH vyApAriyoM meM hI adhika thA / kabhI-kabhI vaNik striyAM bhI samudrayAtrA karatI thIM / samudrayAtrA meM itanA samaya lagatA thA ki kabhI-kabhI garbhavatI striyAM rAste meM prasava bhI kara diyA karatI thIM / * rogAdi kA nivAraNa auSadhisevana ke atirikta mantra tantrase zaktiyoM se bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| ilAja karanevAle bahuta cikitsaka hote the aura ve vamana Adi kriyA ke dvArA roga kA ilAja kiyA karate the / mantra tantra zakti meM janatA kA kAphI vizvAsa thA / kucha loga tapasyA ke prabhAva se mantrAdi zakti prApta karake jIvikA bhI calAte the / janatA meM andhavizvAsa bhI adhika thA / zubhAzubha zakunoM kA vicAra kiyA jAtA thaa| jainazramaNoM ko ina sabase dUra rahane kA vidhAna thA / I samAja meM sukha-zAnti banAe rakhane ke lie zAsana-vyavasthA thii| zAsana kA adhikAra kSatriyoM ke hAtha meM thA / zAsana karanevAlA rAjA kahalAtA thA / ye prAyaH eka-eka deza ke svAmI hote the aura deza kI unnati Adi ke lie prayatna kiyA karate the / sabhI dezoM para ekachatra rAjya karanevAlA 'cakravartI' kahalAtA thA aura use sabhI rAjAgaNa namaskAra karate the / rAjagaddI prApta karane kA adhikArI sAmAnyarUpa se rAjA kA putra hotA thA / lAvAriza sampatti kA adhikArI rAjA hotA thA / inakA aizvarya devoM ke tulya thA / ye prAya: antaHpura kI rAniyoM Adi ke sAtha bhoga-vilAsa meM lipta rahA karate the / kabhI-kabhI ye zramaNa-dIkSA bhI le lete the / jaba koI yogya zAsaka dIkSA letA thA to usa samaya kA dRzya bar3A hI darzanIya aura kAruNika hotA thA / zatruoM ke AkramaNa hote rahane se rAjAgaNa sadaiva sainyadala bar3hAne tathA koSavRddhi karane ke prati For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 7 : samAja aura saMskRti [ 435 jAgarUka rahate the / isake atirikta aneka prakAra ke astroM-zastroM Adi kA nirmANa bhI karAte the / cora va DAkU bhI kaI prakAra ke the / unheM pakar3ane aura daNDa dene ke lie nyAya kI vyavasthA thI / aparAdhI ko mRtyu - daNDa bhI diyA jAtA thA / aparAdhI ko vadhasthAna le jAte samaya use eka nizcita veza-bhUSA pahanAkara zahara meM ghumAyA jAtA thA tAki anya loga use dekhakara vaisA kAma na kareM / zaraNAgata kI rakSA kI jAtI thI / rAjAjJA ko sabhI loga prasannatApUrvaka svIkAra nahIM karate the / nATyakalA, sthApatyakalA, saMgItakalA, citrakalA Adi kA vikAsa thA aura inakA vikAsa prAya: rAjAoM ke dvArA hI hotA thA / 1 janasAmAnya kI pravRtti dharma se haTakara bhoga-vilAsa kI ora Safar thI / yadyapi zreSTha sAdhugaNa dharma meM sthira karane ke lie prayatnazIla the phira bhI loga apane AcAra se bahuta adhika mAtrA meM patita ho rahe the / AcAra se patita honevAle sAdhu loga kutarka karake guru evaM AcArya Adi kI avahelanA karate the / dhArmika tathA dArzanika sAdhuoM ke kaI sampradAya the / ina sabameM jaina zramaNoM tathA brAhmaNoM kA Adhipatya thA / zreSTha sAdhuoM kA satkAra sarvatra hotA thaa| rAjA bhI unake kopa se bhayabhIta rahate the / jaina zramaNoM meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra sabhI jAtiyoM ke vyakti the / adhikAMza kSatriya the / jainazramaNoM ke bhI do sampradAya the jinheM zrAvastI ke udyAna meM hue eka sammelana dvArA eka meM milA diyA gayA thA parantu kAlAntara meM ve punaH zvetAmbara aura digambara ke rUpa meM prasphuTita hue / " isa taraha uttarAdhyayana meM samAja aura saMskRti kA jo sAmAnya citraNa milatA hai vaha tatkAlIna anya granthoM kA avalokana kie binA pUrNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / isake atirikta uttarAdhyayana ke mukhyataH dhArmika grantha hone se tathA kisI eka kAla-vizeSa kI racanA na hone se isameM citrita samAja va saMskRti se yadyapi kisI eka kAla - vizeSa kA pUrNa citra upasthita nahIM hotA hai phira bhI tatkAlIna samAja evaM saMskRti kI eka jhalaka avazya milatI hai / For Personal & Private Use Only

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436 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana isa saba vivecana se itanA to nizcita hai ki usa samaya samAja cAra varNoM tathA cAra AzramoM meM vibhakta thA, jAti-prathA kA jora thA, brAhmaNoM kA Adhipatya thA, vaidika yajJoM kA bolabAlA thA, janazramaNoM kA jIvana kaSTaprada hone para bhI unakA prasAra ho rahA thA, samudrapAra jahAjoM se vyApAra hotA thA, rAjA loga rAjya ke vistAra ke lie satata prayatnazIla rahate the jisase aksara yuddha huA karate the, zUdroM kI sthiti dayanIya thI, nArI vikAsa kI ora kadama uThA rahI thI, samAja bhoga-vilAsa kI ora gatizIla thA, dharma ke prati janatA kI abhiruci kama thI tathA dhArmika evaM dArzanika mata-matAntara kAphI the| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa da upasaMhAra uttarAdhyayana sUtra ardha-mAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha eka dhArmika kAvya grantha hai / yaha kisI eka vyakti kI kisI eka kAla racanA nahIM hai apitu isameM mukhyataH bhagavAn mahAvIra-parinirvANa ke samaya die gae upadezoM kA vibhinna samayoM meM kiyA gayA saMkalana hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ne unake jisa upadeza ko granthoM ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyA ve aMga aura aMgabAhya Agama ( zruta) kahe jAte haiM / inameM se jo sAkSAt mahAvIra ke ziSyoM (gaNadharoM) ke dvArA racita haiM ve aMga aura jo taduttaravartI pUrvAcAryo ( zrutajJoM ) ke dvArA racita haiM ve aMgabAhya kahalAte haiM / inameM aMga-granthoM kA prAdhAnya hai / uttarAdhyayana upAMga mUlasUtra Adi aMgabAhya ke bhedoM meM se mUlasUtra vibhAga meM AtA hai / yadyapi mUlasUtra zabda kA artha vivAdAspada hai parantu uttarAdhyayana prAcInatA, Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se mUlasUtra kahe jAne ke yogya hai / uttarAdhyayanayadyapi aMgabAhya granthoM meM AtA hai tathApi yaha aMgagranthoM se kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / bhASA aura viSaya kI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se aMga aura aMgabAhya samasta Agama granthoM meM isakA tIsarA sthAna hai / maulikatA, mUlarUpatA tathA viSaya pratipAdanazailI kI subodhatA Adi ke kAraNa yaha cAroM mUlasUtroM meM agragaNya hai / . vinTaranitsa Adi vidvAnoM ne isakI tulanA dhammapada, suttanipAta, jAtaka, mahAbhArata tathA anya granthoM se kI hai / isI mahattva ke kAraNa kAlAntara meM isa para vipula vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya likhA gayA tathA vartamAna meM bhI likhA jA rahA hai / mUlarUpatA, maulikatA digambara- paramparA meM bhI uttarAdhyayana kA yadyapi savizeSa ullekha milatA hai parantu vartamAna meM upalabdha uttarAdhyayana ko ve anya Agama granthoM kI hI taraha prAmANika nahIM mAnate haiM / ise prAmANika na mAnane kA mukhya kAraNa hai - isameM pratipAdita sAdhu ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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438] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana sAmAnya AcAra se sambandhita kucha saiddhAntika matabheda / parantu grantha meM Ae hue kezi-gautama saMvAda tathA anya kaI sthaloM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha bAhya saiddhAntika matabheda koI mahattva nahIM rakhatA hai| grantha meM sarvatra bAhyopacAra kI apekSA Abhyantarika upacAra evaM vItarAgatA para jora diyA gayA hai jo zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM ko mAnya hai| yaha avazya hai ki mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke bAda karIba 1000 varSoM ke madhya isameM bhI anya Agama-granthoM kI taraha parivartana aura saMzodhana hone para bhI yaha apane mUlarUpa meM surakSita hai| jisa prakAra 'mUlasUtra' zabda ke artha meM matabheda hai usI prakAra uttarAdhyayana ke nAmakaraNa ke viSaya meM bhI nizcita mata nahIM hai / niyuktikAra ke anusAra uttarAdhyayana kA artha hai-jisakA AcArAGgAdi aMga-granthoM ke bAda adhyayana kiyA jaae| zrI kAnajI bhAI paTela ne apane lekha 'uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka dhArmika kAvyagrantha' meM lAyamana kA mata udadhata karate hae 'Later Reading' kA artha 'antima racanA' kiyA hai| yadyapi Later Reading kA yaha artha saMdigdha hai phira bhI yadi aisA eka vikalpa mAna bhI leM to koI Apatti bhI nahIM hai / ye donoM hI mata sayuktika pratIta hote haiM kyoMki uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayanoM ke adhyayana kI paramparA AcArAGgAdi aMga-graMthoM ke bAda rahI hai tathA isakI racanA bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uttarakAla ( parinirvANa ke samaya ) meM huI hai / 'uttara' zabda kA 'binA pUche praznoM kA uttara' artha karake athavA 'uttarottara adhyayanoM kI zreSThatA' artha karake jisameM binA pUche praznoM kA uttara diyA gayA ho athavA jisake adhyayana uttarottara zreSTha hoM vaha uttarAdhyayana hai, aisI mAnyatA vartamAna meM upalabdha grantha ke AdhAra para sahI nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai kyoMki prakRta grantha meM aisA koI saMketa nahIM hai / ___ uttarAdhyayana meM 36 adhyayana haiM jinameM mukhyarUpa se navadIkSita jaina sAdhuoM ke sAmAnya AcAra-vicAra ke sAtha jainadarzana ke mUlabhUta dArzanika siddhAntoM kI sAmAnya carcA kI gaI hai| aisA hone para bhI hama ise mAtra jaina sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra tathA zuddha dArzanika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdaka nIrasa grantha nahIM kaha sakate For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 8 : upasaMhAra [436 haiM kyoMki isameM sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra Adi kA mukhyarUpa se upadezAtmaka va AjJAtmaka zailI meM pratipAdana hone tathA bahutra viSaya kI punarAvRtti hone para bhI sAhityika guNoM kA abhAva nahIM huA hai| yadyapi kucha adhyayana avazya zuddha dArzanika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karane ke kAraNa nIrasa pratIta hote haiM parantu anyatra upamA, dRSTAnta, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM tathA subhASitoM se mizrita kathAtmaka va saMvAdAtmaka sarasa zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jisase kahIM-kahIM isake sAhityika guNoM kA utkarSa bhI huA hai| isake adhyayanoM ko viSaya-zailI kI dRSTi se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise : 1. zuddha dArzanika siddhAntoM ke pratipAdaka adhyayana, 2. nIti evaM upadeza-pradhAna adhyayana aura 3. AkhyAnAtmaka adhyayana / yaha vibhAjana pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se hI saMbhava hai kyoMki prAyaH sarvatra saiddhAntika carcA kI gaI hai| __karmaNA jAtivAda kI sthApanA, bAhyazuddhi kI apekSA Abhyantarazuddhi kI pradhAnatA, deza-kAla ke anurUpa dhArmika niyamoM meM parivartana, jJAna kI prApti ke lie vinamratA, yajJa kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA, vyakti kA pUrNa svAtantrya va paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA, devoM kI apekSA manuSyajanma kI zreSThatA, sukha-duHkha kI prApti meM vyakti ke dvArA svataH kie gae bhale-bure karmoM kI kAraNatA, vazIkRta AtmA ke dvArA avazIkRta AtmA para vijaya prApta karane kA AdhyAtmika saMgrAma, guru ziSya ke Apasa ke sambandha, hara musIbata kA aDigatApUrvaka mukAbalA, brAhmaNa kA Adarza svarUpa, ahiMsA-satya-acaurya-brahmacarya-aparigraha ina pA~ca naitika niyamoM kI * * 'sUkSma vyAkhyA, saMsAra kI anAditA ke sAtha saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM kI asA ratA, vItarAgatA kA upadeza, vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA, cetana va acetana kA vizleSaNa, punarjanma, strI-mukti va jIvanmukti meM vizvAsa, anAdimukta Izvara kI sattA meM avizvAsa, jIvana kA antima lakSya-mukti, mukti kA svarUpa aura usakI prApti Adi prakRta grantha ke vizeSa pratipAdya viSaya haiN| ina viSayoM ke pratipAdana meM nami-pravrajyA Adi mArmika va AdhyAtmika saMvAdAtmaka AkhyAnoM tathA upamA Adi alaMkAroM ke prayoga se jisa AdhyAtmika mArga For Personal & Private Use Only

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440 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai use eka mumukSu va tattvajijJAsu kI dRSTi se nimnokta prakAra se abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : yaha pratyakSa dRzyamAna vizva asIma hai| hamAre dvArA isakI kalpanA kara sakanA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa asIma vizva meM sarvatra sRSTi nahIM hai apitu isake bahuta hI svalpa bhAga meM sRSTi hai, usameM bhI mAnava kI sRSTi bahuta hI alpa bhAga meM hai| phira bhI mAnava kA sRSTi-sthala hamAre lie bahuta vizAla hai| sAmAnyataH jahAM mAnava kA nivAsa hai usake Upara devoM kA aura nIce nArakiyoM kA nivAsa hai| tiryaJcoM kA sarvatra sadbhAva hai| isa taraha yaha vizva eka suniyojita zRMkhalA se baddha hai| isakA saMcAlaka koI Izvara Adi sarvazaktimAn tattva nahIM hai| isa vizva meM kula chaH dravya haiM jinameM se sirpha AkAza hI eka aisA dravya hai jisakA sarvatra sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, zeSa pA~ca dravya AkAza ke eka sImita pradeza meM hI pAe jAte haiN| AkAza ke jisa bhAga meM jIvAdi chaH dravyoM kI sattA hai athavA sRSTi hai use loka yA lokAkAza kahA gayA hai tathA jisa bhAga meM sRSTi kA abhAva hai, sirpha AkAza hI AkAza hai use aloka yA alokAkAza / alokAkAza meM pRthivI. apa, teja, vAyu Adi kisI kI bhI sattA nahIM haiN| vahA~ AkAza mAtra hone se use alokAkAza kahA gayA hai| . isa loka meM jina 6 dravyoM kI sattA svIkAra kI gaI hai unake nAma ye haiM : 1. jIva (AtmA-cetana), 2. pudgala (rUpI acetana), 3. dharma (gati kA mAdhyama), 4. adharma ( sthiti kA mAdhyama), 5. AkAza aura 6. kAla / caitanya ke sadabhAva aura asadabhAva kI daSTi se inheM jIva aura ajIva (pudgala Adi pA~ca dravya) ke bheda se do bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| yaha vibhAjana caitanya nAmaka guNa ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra anya guNa-vizeSa ke sadbhAva-asadbhAva kI apekSA se bhI grantha meM dravya ko rUpI-arUpI, astikAya-anastikAya, ekatvasaMkhyAviziSTa-bahutvasaMkhyAviziSTa Adi prakAra se vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| cetana ( AtmA ) jIva hai / pRthivI Adi samasta dRzyamAna vastue~ pudgala rUpI acetana haiN| jIvAdi kI gati kA apreraka For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 8 : upasaMhAra [441 mAdhyama dharma hai| jIvAdi kI sthiti kA apreraka mAdhyama adharma hai| saba dravyoM ke Thaharane kA AdhAra AkAza hai aura vastu meM pratikSaNa honevAle parivartana meM kAraNa kAla hai| isa taraha loka meM ina chahoM dravyoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga se isa sRSTi kA yantravat saMcAlana hotA rahatA hai| isameM Izvara tattva kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| Izvara tattva ko svIkAra na karane ke kAraNa dharmAdi dravyoM kI kalpanA karanI par3I hai| jIva apane kartavyoM kA ThIka se pAlana karake paramAtmA bana sakatA hai aura akarttavya karmoM ko karake adhama / paramAtma-avasthA meM jIva saba prakAra ke karmoM se pare hokara taTastha ho jAtA hai / ekendriyAdi jIvoM kI sattA kaNakaNa meM svIkAra kI gaI hai aura ve sarvaloka meM vyApta haiN| jIvoM kA vibhAjana pAzcAtyadarzana ke lIbnIja ke jIvANuvAda aura bargasAM ke racanAtmaka vikAsavAda se milatA-julatA hai / ___ isa prakAra yathArthavAda kA citraNa karane ke kAraNa dravya kA svarUpa bhI ekAnta rUpa se nitya yA ekAnta rUpa se kSaNika na mAnakara anityatA se anusyUta nitya mAnA gayA hai| dravya meM pratikSaNa honevAle parivartana tathA usa parivartana meM vartamAna eka ikAI yA sAmaJjasya ko svIkAra karate hue dravya kA svarUpa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka ( nitya ) mAnA gayA hai| caitanya Adi jIva ke nitya dharma ( guNa ) haiM aura manuSya, deva Adi usakI vibhinna avasthAe~ ( paryAe~ ) / nityatA dravya kA guNa ( nitya-dharma ) hai aura anityatA usakI upAdhi (paryAya-anitya-dharma ) / guNa aura paryAyoM ( anitya dharmoM ) ko dravya se na to sarvathA pRthak kiyA jA * sakatA hai aura na guNa-paryAyoM ke samUha ko hI dravya kahA jA sakatA hai / ataH guNa aura paryAyavAle ko dravya kahA gayA hai| isa taraha yaha dravya ( AdhAravizeSa ) guNa aura paryAyoM se sarvathA bhinna na hokara kathaMcita bhinna va kathaMcita abhinna hai| isa taraha vizva kI racanA aura usameM vartamAna sRSTi-tattvoM kA varNana karake grantha meM cetana aura acetana pudagala ke paraspara saMyoga kI avasthA ko saMsAra kahA gayA hai| jaba taka cetana ke sAtha acetana pudgala kA sambandha rahatA hai taba taka vaha saMsArI kahalAtA hai| jaba For Personal & Private Use Only

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442 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana taka jIva saMsArI avasthA meM rahatA hai cAhe vaha deva hI kyoM na ho, taba taka vaha apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke prabhAva se sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kA bhoga karatA huA janma-maraNa ko prApta karatA hai| vAstava meM jIva saMsAra meM janma-maraNajanya nAnA prakAra ke du:khoM ko hI prApta karatA hai| use jo kSaNika sukhAnubhUti hotI hai vaha bhI dukha:rUpa hI hai kyoMki saMsArI vyakti kA vaha bhautika sukha kucha kSaNa ke bAda hI naSTa ho jAne vAlA hai| ataH bauddhadarzana kI taraha prakRta grantha meM bhI saMsAra ko du:khoM se pUrNa batalAyA gayA hai| ___ isa duHkha kA kAraNa hai- vyakti ke dvArA ( ajJAnavaza ) rAgAdi ke vazIbhUta hokara kiyA gayA zubhAzubha karma / yadyapi ye karma acetana haiM phira bhI sajaga praharI kI taraha ye pratyeka vyakti kI pratyeka kriyA kA adhyayana-sA karate rahate haiM aura samaya Ane para usakA zubhAzubha phala bhI dete haiN| ye karma vedAntadarzana meM svIkRta sthUla zarIra ke bhItara vartamAna sUkSmazarIra sthAnApanna haiM jo sthala zarIra kI prApti meM kAraNa banate haiN| kucha rUpI acetana ( pudgala ) dravya hI karma kA rUpa dhAraNa karake yantravat kArya karate rahate haiN| ina karma-pudagaloM ( kAmaNavargaNA ) kA jIva ke sAtha sambandha karAne meM lezyAeM kAraNa banatI haiN| lezyAe~ jIva ke rAgAdirUpa pariNAma haiM / isa karma aura lezyAviSayaka varNana ke dvArA grantha meM saMsAra ke sukhoM evaM duHkhoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha saMsAra ke vaicitrya kI gutthI ko sulajhAne ke lie kisI Izvara Adi niyantA kI kalpanA nahIM karanI par3atI hai| yadyapi ina karmoM kA phala bhoge binA koI bhI jIva baca nahIM sakatA hai phira bhI yadi jIva cAhe to upAyapUrvaka pUrvabaddha karmoM ko zIghra hI balAta naSTa kara sakatA hai aura AgAmI kAla meM karmoM ke bandhana ko roka sakatA hai| ___ karmoM kA bandhana na hone dene ke lie grantha meM jisa upAya ko batalAyA gayA hai vaha jainadarzana meM 'ratnatraya' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| jinendradeva praNIta 6 tathyoM meM dRr3ha vizvAsa ( sat-dRSTi ), una tathyoM kA saccA jJAna aura tadanusAra sadAcAra meM pravatti ye tIna ratnatraya haiM jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke nAma se For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 8 : upasaMhAra [443 prasiddha haiN| bhagavadgItA kA bhaktiyoga, jJAnayoga aura karmayoga kA samyak samuccaya hI yahA~ ratnatrayarUpa hai| ina tInoM kI pUrNatA hone para sAdhaka karmoM se pUrNa chaTakArA prApta karake saMsAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| ina tInoM kI pUrNatA kramazaH hotI hai| inameM Apasa meM kAraNakArya sambandha bhI hai| tathyoM meM zraddhA hone para hI unakA saccA jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura saccA jJAna hone para hI sadAcAra meM pravRtti sambhava hai kyoMki karmoM ke bandhana kA kAraNa ajJAna hone se unase mukti kA upAya bhI jJAna honA cAhie thA parantu sadAcAra kI pUrNatA hone para jo mukti svIkAra kI gaI hai usakA kAraNa hai pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala bhognaa| ataeva pUrNa jJAna (kevalajJAna ) ho jAne para jIva ko jIvanmukta mAnA gayA hai| sadAcAra para vizeSa jora dene kA dUsarA bhI kAraNa thA-logoM meM phaile hue durAcAra kA zamana karanA / sadAcAra kI pUrNatA ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha (dhanAdi-saMgraha kI pravRtti kA tyAga ) rUpa pA~ca naitika vratoM kA pAlana karane se hotI hai| ina pA~ca naitika vratoM kA pAlana karane ke atirikta sAdhaka ko kucha anya naitika vratoM kA bhI pAlana karanA par3atA hai jo ahiMsAdi mUla naitika vratoM ke hI poSaka haiN| ina ahiMsAdi pA~ca vratoM ke bhI mUla meM ahiMsA hai aura usa ahiMsA kI pUrNatA aparigraha kI bhAvanA para nirbhara hai| sadAcAra ke uttarottara vikAsakrama ke AdhAra para cAritra ko sAmAyika Adi pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| sadAcAra kA pAlana karanevAle gahastha aura sAdhu hote haiN| ataH unakI apekSA sadAcAra ko do bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai* gRhasthAcAra aura sAdhvAcAra / gahasthAcAra sAdhvAcAra kI prArambhika abhyAsAvasthA hai| isameM gRhastha gArhasthyajIvana yApana karate hue sthUlarUpa se ahiMsAdi pA~ca naitika vratoM kA yathAsaMbhava pAlana karatA hai tathA dhIre-dhIre AtmavikAsa karate hue sAdhu ke AcAra kI ora agrasara hotA hai| ata: gahasthAcAra pAlana karane kA upadeza unheM hI diyA gayA hai jo sAdhvAcAra pAlana karane meM asamartha haiN| gRhasthAcAra ke sambandha meM yahAM eka bAta vizeSa dRSTavya hai ki grantha meM gRhasthAcAra pAlana For Personal & Private Use Only

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444 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana karanevAle ko devatva ke sAtha muktipada kA bhI adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai jabaki vaha na to pUrNa vItarAgI hI hai aura na pA~ca naitika vratoM kA sUkSmarUpa se pAlana hI karatA hai / isakA kAraNa hai bAhyazuddhi kI apekSA Abhyantarika - zuddhi para jora / isakA tAtparya hai ki yaha Abhyantarika zuddhi rUpa vItarAgatA jaise aura jahA~ bhI saMbhava ho vaise hI vahA~ Atma-vikAsa karate hue sAdhanA kyoMki bAhyaliGgAdi to mAtra bAhyarUpa ke paricAyaka haiM, kAryasAdhaka nahIM / ataH gRhastha hokara bhI vyakti Abhyantarika zuddhi kI apekSA kucha kAla ke lie pUrNa vItarAgI bhI ho sakatA hai / vAstava meM aisA vyakti gRhastha hokara bhI vItarAgI sAdhu hI hai kyoMki vItarAgatA meM hI sAdhutA hai / vItarAgatA, AtmavikAsa aura jJAnAdi kI sAdhanA gRhasthajIvana kI apekSA gRhatyAgI sAdhujIvana meM adhika saMbhava hai kyoMki sAdhu sAMsArika moha - mamatA Adi se bahuta dUra rahatA hai / ataH grantha meM eka samaya meM mukta honevAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA-gaNanA ke prasaMga meM sAdhuoM kI apekSA gRhasthoM meM tathA puruSoM kI apekSA striyoM meM vItarAgatA Adi kI yogyatA kama hone se sAdhu va puruSa kI apekSA gRhastha tathA strI kI saMkhyA kama batalAI gaI hai / isa taraha AtmavikAsa karate hue mukti kA sAdhaka gRhastha-dharma kI caramAvasthA meM pahu~cakara jaba sUkSmarUpa se ahiMsAdi vratoM kA pAlana karane lagatA hai to vaha sAdhvAcAra meM praveza karatA hai / isake bAda vaha jJAna aura cAritra kI aura adhika unnati ke lie mAtApitA Adi se AjJA lekara va sabhI prakAra ke pArivArika snehabandhanoM ko tor3akara kisI guru se yA guru ke na milane para svayaM sAdhu-dharma ko aMgIkAra kara letA hai| isa samaya use apane sabhI vastrAbhUSaNoM ke sAtha zira aura dAr3hI ke bAloM ko bhI ukhAr3akara tyAga karanA par3atA hai / isake bAda vaha niyamAnukUla bhikSA ke dvArA prApta vastra aura AhAra Adi kA upabhoga karatA huA ekAnta meM Atmacintana karatA hai / bhikSAnna ke dvArA jIvana yApana karane ke kAraNa sAdhu ko 'bhikSu' kahA gayA hai / isa bhikSAnna Adi kI prApti ke viSaya meM bahuta hI kaThora niyama haiM jinake mUla meM ahiMsA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #471
prakaraNa 8 : upasaMhAra [445 Adi pA~ca naitika mahAvratoM kI rakSA kI bhAvanA nihita hai| sAdhu jo bhI niyama yA upaniyama grahaNa karatA hai una sabakA sAkSAt yA paramparayA phala karma-nirjarA va mukti batalAyA gayA hai| itanA vizeSa hai ki kisI bhI eka niyama kA pAlana karane para anya sabhI niyamoM kA bhI pAlana karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / ___ sAdhu jina ahiMsA di pA~ca naitika vratoM kA sUkSmarUpa se pAlana karatA hai unake bhI mUla meM ahiMsA va aparigraha kI bhAvanA nihita hai kyoMki ahiMsA kA artha hai-mana-vacana-kAya se tathA kRta-kAritaanumodanA se kisI ko jarA bhI kaSTa na denA / asatya-bhASaNa, corI, strI-sevana aura dhanAdisaMgraha meM svAbhAvika hai ki kisI na kisI rUpa meM hiMsA kA doSa lge| ata: satyAdi vratoM ke lakSaNa meM bhI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ko dhyAna meM rakhA gayA hai| isa ahiMsA kI pUrNatA aparigraha (vItarAgatA) kI bhAvanA para nirbhara hai kyoMki sabhI zubhAzubha pravRttiyoM kA kAraNa rAga hai| rAga ke vazIbhUta hokara hI jIva dhanAdi-saMgraha aura hiMsAdi meM pravRtta hotA hai| ataH sAdhu ko apanI azubhAtmaka pravRtti ko rokane ke lie guptiyoM kA aura zubha-vyApAra meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravatti ke lie samitiyoM kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa taraha ina pA~ca naitika vratoM kI rakSA karate hue AcaraNa karanA hI sAdhu kA sadAcAra hai| ... isa taraha yadyapi sAdhu kA sadAcAra pUrNa ho jAtA hai parantu saikar3oM bhavoM se saMcita pUrvabaddha karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie eka vizeSa karttavya-karma karanA par3atA hai jisakA nAma hai-tapa / tapa karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie eka prakAra kI agni hai jo sAdhu . ke sAmAnya sadAcAra se pRthak nahIM hai kyoMki tapa meM jina bAhya aura Abhyantarika kriyAoM kA pAlana karanA batalAyA gayA hai sAdha una sabhI kriyAoM kA prAyaH pratidina pAlana karatA hai| ataH una sabhI niyamoM ke pAlana karane meM dRr3ha AtmasaMyama baratanA hI tapa hai| bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda se tapa mukhyataH do prakAra kA hai| donoM meM pradhAnatA Abhyantara tapa kI hai| Abhyantara tapoM meM jJAna kI prApti ke lie mukhyarUpa se Atma-cintana kiyA jAtA hai| tapa karate samaya jitanI bhI kSudhA, tRSA Adi sambandhI For Personal & Private Use Only

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446 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana bAdhAe~ (parISaha ) AtI haiM una saba para vijaya prApta karanA Avazyaka hotA hai aura vIra yoddhA kI taraha Ayu ke aMtima kSaNa taka saMyama meM aDiga rahanA par3atA hai| tapa sAdha ke sadAcAra kI parIkSA ke lie kasauTIrUpa hai| sAdhvAcAra pAlana karane kI duSkaratA kA jo pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vaha isI tapa kI apekSA se kiyA gayA hai| prakRta grantha meM varNita tapa kA svarUpa vizeSakara dhyAnatapa yogadarzana aura bauddhadarzana meM varNita samAdhi se milatA-julatA. hai| isa taraha sAdhu jIvana-paryanta tapomaya jIvana yApana karate hue mRtyu-samaya saba prakAra ke AhArAdi kA tyAga karake samAdhimaraNapUrvaka zarIra kA tyAga karatA hai| isa zarIra tyAga ke bAda use jisa phala kI prApti hotI hai usakA nAma hai--mukti / yaha mukti kI avasthA saba prakAra ke karmabandhanoM se rahita, azarIrI, atyanta du:khAbhAvarUpa, niratizaya sukharUpa aura avinazvara hai| ise prApta karane ke bAda jIva kA punaH saMsAra meM AvAgamana nahIM hotA hai / inakA nivAsa loka ke uparitama pradeza meM mAnA gayA hai| antima janma kI upAdhi kI apekSA se inameM bheda saMbhava hone para bhI koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai| grantha meM jo mukti kI avasthA citrita kI gaI hai vaha alaukika hai| vahA~ na to svAmI-sevakabhAva hai aura na koI abhilASA / yaha pUrNa niSkAma va saMsAra se pare cetana jIva kI sva-svarUpa kI sthiti hai| isa avasthA meM saba prakAra ke bandhanoM kA abhAva ho jAne se ise mukti kahA gayA hai| grantha meM yadyapi videha-mUkti kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai parantu jIvanmukti ke bhI tathya vartamAna haiN| kevalI yA kevalajJAnI kI jo sthiti hai vaha jIvanmukti kI avasthA hai kyoMki ye saMsAra meM rahakara bhI jala se bhinna kamala kI taraha usase alipta rahate haiM tathA mRtyu ke uparAnta niyama se usI bhava meM videhamukti ko prApta kara lete haiN| mukti prApta karane ke lie kisI prakAra kI jAti, Ayu, sthAna Adi kA mahattva nahIM hai| vaha sadA-sarvadA sabake lie khulA dvAra hai| muktoM ke viSaya meM itanA vizeSa hai ki sabhI mukta jIva apane puruSArtha se hI mukta hue haiM / unameM aisA eka bhI jIva nahIM hai jo anAdimukta ho yA binA puruSArtha kie hI Izvara Adi kI kRpA se mukta huA ho| . For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakaraNa 8 ! upasaMhAra [447 isa prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM tattvajijJAsu va mumukSu ke lie jisa tattvajJAna, mukti va mukti ke patha kA varNana milatA hai vaha vizeSakara sAdhu ke AcAra se sambandhita hai| parantu isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki yaha grantha sirpha sAdhuoM ke lie hI upayogI hai kyoMki isameM sarala, sAhityika va kathAtmaka zailI meM vyavahAropayogI gahastha-dharma kA bhI pratipAdana hone se janasAmAnya ke lie bhI kaI dRSTiyoM se upayogI tathA mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM citrita samAja va saMskRti se tatkAlIna bahuta sI mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kA patA calatA hai| jaise: varNAzrama-vyavasthA, brAhmaNoM kA prabhutva va unakA sadAcAra se patana, karmaNA jAtivAda kI sthApanA, yajJoM kA prAdhAnya, kAma-bhoga kI ora bar3hatI huI mAnava kI sAmAnya pravRttiyA~, vibhinna mata-matAntara, rAjya-vyavasthA, samadrayAtrA, vyApAra, khetI, vivAha, dAha-saMskAra, pazu-pAlana aadi| __ isa taraha isa grantha kA dharma va darzana ke atirikta sAhitya, itihAsa, bhUgola, bhASAvijJAna aura tatkAlIna bhAratIya samAja va saMskRti Adi kI apekSA se bhI bahuta mahattva hai| isIlie jaina evaM jainetara sabhI vidvAnoM ne isakI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kI hai tathA isa para vipula vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya likhA gayA hai va Age bhI likhA jAtA rhegaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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Page #475
pariziSTa 1 kathA-saMvAda atyanta prAcIna kAla se hI kisI bhI viSaya ko rocaka, preraNAdAyaka evaM prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie upamA evaM dRSTAnta ke atirikta kathA evaM saMvAdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA hai| upadezAtmaka tathA dhArmika granthoM meM isa prakAra kA prayoga nitAnta Avazyaka bhI hai / prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM isa dRSTi se jJAtRdharmakathA kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isake bAda dUsarA sthAna uttarAdhyayana kA hai|' kathAoM kA vibhAjana sAmAnyarUpa se cAra bhAgoM meM kiyA jAtA hai / jaiseH 1. arthakathA, 2. kAmakathA, 3. dharmakathA aura 4. saMkIrNakathA / uttarAdhyayana kI kathAe~ dharmakathA vibhAga meM AtI haiM kyoMki uttarAdhyayana eka dhArmika kAvya-grantha hai aura isameM upamA, dRSTAnta, saMvAda, kathA Adi ke dvArA dharma va vairAgya kA hI vizeSarUpa se upadeza diyA gayA hai| isakI kathAe~, upadeza va saMvAda jAtaka, mahAbhArata Adi kI kathAoM Adi se bahuta-kucha milate-julate haiN| uttarAdhyayana kI kathAe~ mUlarUpa meM saMkSipta evaM saMketAtmaka haiM jinakA TIkA-granthoM meM paryApta pallavana huA hai| yahA~ para mUlagranthAnusAra hRdayasparzI va rocaka saMvAda evaM kathAeM dI jA rahI haiN| kezi-gautama saMvAda : - teIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke ziSya kezikumAra zramaNa aura caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama ye donoM grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue saMyogavaza eka samaya zrAvastI 1. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 357. 2. vahI, pR0 360-361. 3. u0 adhyayana 23. For Personal & Private Use Only

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450 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana nagarI meM Ae / vahAM kezi 'tinduka' udyAna meM aura gautama 'koSThaka' udyAna meM apane-apane ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha Thahara ge| donoM jJAna va sadAcAra se sampanna the| unake ziSyoM ne jaba eka dUsare ke bAhyaveza va mahAvratoM ke viSaya meM antara dekhA to zaMkAyukta ho ge| unhoMne socA-jaba donoM eka hI dharma ko mAnane vAle haiM to phira yaha bAhyavezabhUSA aura AcAra viSayaka matabheda kaisA ? ziSyoM kI isa zaMkA ko jAnakara donoM ne Apasa meM milane kI icchA prakaTa kii| kezi ko jyeSThakUla kA jAnate hae gautama apane ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha tinduka udyAna meM gae / gautama ko Ate dekhakara kezi ne unakA ucita satkAra kiyaa| Asana para baiThe hue ve donoM sUrya aura candramA kI taraha suzobhita hue| unake samAgama ko dekhakara bahuta se gRhastha, deva, dAnava, yakSa, rAkSasa aura pAkhaNDI Adi hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM vahAM ekatrita ho ge| isake bAda kezi ne ziSyoM kI zaMkAe~ dara karane ke lie gautama se anumati lekara kucha prazna pUche aura gautama ne unakA deza-kAlAnurUpa sayuktika uttara diyaa| kezi-jaba donoM tIrthaGkaroM kA uddezya eka hI hai to phira pArzvanAtha ke caturyAmarUpa dharma ko mahAvIra ne paMcayAma (pA~ca mahAvrata) meM kyoM parivartita kiyA ? gautama-jJAna se dharma-tattva kA nizcaya karake tathA deza-kAla ke anusAra badalatI huI janasAmAnya kI pravRttiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara dharma meM yaha AcAraviSayaka parivartana kiyA gyaa| yadi aisA na kiyA jAtA to dharma sthira nahIM raha sakatA thaa| kezi-pArzvanAtha ke sAntarottara ( sacela ) dharma ko mahAvIra ne aceladharma meM kyoM parivartita kiyA ? gautama-bAhyaveza-bhUSA to loka meM mAtra pratIti karAne meM kAraNa hai| donoM ke mata meM mokSa ke sadbhUta sacce sAdhana to samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra haiN| isa vastra-viSayaka parivartana kA bhI kAraNa pUrvavat thaa| 1. dekhie-prakaraNa 7, pR0 428-426. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [ 451 kezikyA tuma una zatruoM ko jAnate ho jo tumhAre Upara AkramaNa kara rahe haiM aura jinake madhya meM tuma sthita ho ? tumane unheM kaise jItA ? gautama - hA~ ! maiM una zatruoM ko jAnatA huuN| maiMne una aneka zatruoM meM se sabase pahale avazIkRta AtmArUpI eka pradhAna zatru ko vazIkRta AtmA ke dvArA jiitaa| isake bAda kaSAya, indriya, nokaSAya Adi anya aneka zatruoM ko kramazaH jItA / kezi - saMsAra meM bahuta se jIva pAzabaddha haiM phira tuma kaise pAzabandhana se mukta ho ? gautama - saMsAra meM rAgadveSarUpI bhayaMkara snehapAza haiM / una pAzoM ko yathAnyAya ( jinapravacana ke anusAra - vItarAgatA se ) jItakara maiM pAzarahita hokara vicaraNa karatA hU~ / kezi - hRdaya meM utpanna viSa-latA ko tumane kaise ukhAr3A ? gautama - pariNAma meM bhayaMkara phalavAlI tRSNArUpI eka latA hai / usa latA ko yathAnyAya ( nirlobhatA ke dvArA ) jar3amUla se ukhAr3akara maiM usake viSaphalabhakSaNa se mukta hU~ / zi- zarIra meM prajvalita agni ko kaise zAnta kiyA ? gautama - kaSAyarUpI agniyA~ jinendrarUpI mahAmegha se utpanna zrutajJAnarUpI jaladhArA se nirantara sIMcI jAne ke kAraNa mujhe nahIM jalAtI haiM / kezi - sAhasI, duSTa va bhayaMkara ghor3e para baiThe hue tuma sanmArga meM kaise sthita ho ? gIta-dharmazikSA tathA zrutarUpI lagAma ke dvArA maiM manarUpI duSTa ghor3e ko pakar3e hue hU~ jisase maiM unmArga meM na jAkara sanmArga meM hI sthita hU~ / kezi - saMsAra meM 'bahuta se unmArga hone para bhI Apa sanmArga meM kaise sthita haiM ? gautama - maiM unmArga aura sanmArga ko acchI taraha jAnatA ataH sanmArga se cyuta nahIM hotA hU~ / jinendra kA mArga sanmArga hai aura anya sabhI unmArga | For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #478
452 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana keza - vipula jalapravAha meM bahate hue prANiyoM ke lie zaraNarUpa dvIpa kauna-sA hai ? gautama - jarA-maraNarUpI jalapravAha meM DUbate hue prANiyoM ke zaraNa ke lie saMsArarUpI samudra ke madhya meM eka uttama dvIpa hai jisakA nAma hai dharma | vahA~ mahAn jalapravAha kI jarA bhI gati nahIM hai / - kezi - mahApravAhavAle samudra meM viparIta bahanevAlI naukA para savAra hokara tuma usa pAra ( tIra- pradeza ) kaise jA sakoge ? gautama - jo naukA chidra ( Asrava - jalAgama ) vAlI hotI hai vaha DUba jAtI hai parantu jo naukA chidrarahita ( nirAsrava - jalAgama se rahita) hotI hai vaha tIra- pradeza pahu~ca jAtI hai / maiM chidrarahita naukA para savAra hU~ / ataH tIra- pradeza pahu~ca jAU~gA / yahA~ zarIra naukA haiM. jIva nAvika hai, saMsAra samudra hai, karma jala hai aura mukti tIrapradeza hai / 1 kezi- bahuta se prANI ghora andhakAra meM sthita haiM / unheM kauna prakAzita karegA ? gautama - mithyAtvarUpI ajJAnAndhakAra meM sthita prANiyoM ko prakAzita karanevAlA sarvajJa jinendrarUpI nirmala sUrya udita ho gayA hai / vahI unheM prakAzita karegA / kezi - zArIrika va mAnasika duHkhoM se pIr3ita prANiyoM ke lie zivarUpa va bAdhArahita sthAna kauna-sA hai ? gautama - lokAgra meM jarA - maraNarUpI samasta bAdhAoM se rahita tathA zivarUpa eka sthAna hai jise nirvANa (siddhaloka ) kahate haiM / isa prakAra sarvazrutapAragAmI gautama se apane sabhI praznoM kA sayuktika uttara pAkara kezi ne gautama ko namaskAra kiyA tathA apanI ziSyamaNDalI ke sAtha mahAvIrapraNIta dharma ko aGgIkAra kiyA / vahA~ upasthita sArI pariSad ne una donoM kI stuti kii| 1. pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke bIca hue isa prakAra ke parisaMvAdoM ke ullekha anya Agama granthoM va TIkA granthoM meM bhI milate haiM / dekhie - AcArya tulasI, u0 bhAga 1, pR0 266-300, For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda isa samAgama ke bAda una donoM maharSiyoM meM jinameM sUtrArtha kA nirNaya tathA ratnatraya kA [ 453 Age bhI samAgama hue utkarSa huA 1 isa taraha isa parisaMvAda meM vAraha prazna pUche gae haiM jinameM prArambha ke do prazna hI mukhya haiM aura ve hI isa parisaMvAda ke kAraNa haiN| zeSa sabhI prazna aura uttara upasthita janatA ke kalyANArtha pratIkAtmaka rUpaka alaMkAra kI zailI meM prastuta kie gae haiM / isa parisaMvAda se jina mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kA saMketa milatA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : 1. kisI bhI viSaya meM matabheda hone para Apasa meM milakara usakA samAdhAna DhU~r3hanA aura durAgraha kie binA samyak mArga kA anusaraNa karanA / 2. bAhya vezabhUSA Adi para vizeSa dhyAna na dekara antaraGgazuddhi ke sAdhanabhUta ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA karanA / 3. apanI AtmA ko saMyamita rakhanA / 4. jyeSThakula kA dhyAna rakhanA / 5. atithi kA samucita satkAra karanA / 6. binA anumati prApta kie koI prazna na pUchanA 7. samucita uttara milane para usakI saMstuti karanA / 8. paristhitiyoM ke anukUla dharma meM parivartana karanA / 6. zvetAmbara - digambara matabheda kA saMketa / 10. pArzvanAtha va mahAvIra ke dharmopadeza kA antara / indra-nami saMvAda : ' devaloka se cyuta hokara rAjA nami ne mithilA nagarI meM janma liyaa| rAniyoM ke sAtha devaloka sadRza bhoga bhogane ke bAda jaba unheM eka dina jAtismaraNa huA to apane putra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara dIkSA lene ke lie nikala pdd'e| rAjA nami ke dIkSArtha prasthAna karane para sampUrNa nagarI meM zoka chA gayA / isI samaya devAdhipati indra brAhmaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa karake AyA aura usase saMyama 1. u0 adhyayana 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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454 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana meM dRr3hatA kI parIkSA ke lie sahetuka prazna pUche / rAjA ne bhI una sabhI praznoM ke adhyAtmapradhAna sayuktika uttara die / indra -Aja mithilA meM kuharAma kyoM hai ? nami -Aja mithilA meM zItala chAyA, patra-puSpa va phalAdi se yukta ( bahuta guNoM vAlA) manorama caityavRkSa ( rAjarSi nami) vAyu (vairAgya) ke vega se gira par3A (gRha tyAga diyA ) hai / ata: usake ( vRkSa - rAjA ) Azrita jIva ( pakSI-prANI ) niHsahAya hokara svArthavaza vilApa kara rahe haiM / isameM merA koI doSa nahIM hai / indra - tumhAre antaHpura Adi agni se jala rahe haiM / tuma udhara dhyAna kyoM nahIM dete ho ? nami- sarva virata 'sAdhu ko na to koI vastu priya hai aura na apriya / ataH mujha AtmAnuprekSI ko isase kyA prayojana hai / indra - kSatriya dharmAnusAra Apa apanI va prajA kI rakSA ke lie prAkAra, gopura aTTAlikA, khAI Adi banavAkara dIkSA leveM / nami - karmazatru se apane Apako surakSita rakhane ke lie maiMne AdhyAtmika taiyArI kara lI hai / ' indra - mahala Adi banavAkara dIkSA leveM / nami- saMzayAlu hI mArga meM mahala Adi banavAtA hai / saMsAra meM sthAyI nivAsa na hone se maiM sthAyI nivAsaMbhUta mokSa meM hI mahala banavAU~gA / indra - coroM se nagara kI rakSA karake dIkSA leveM / nami- aksara cora baca jAte haiM aura corI na karane vAle pakar3e jAte haiM / ataH krodhAdi sacce coroM ko daNDa denA ucita hai / indra - namaskAra na karane vAle rAjAoM ko jItakara dIkSA leveM / nami-hajAroM subhaToM ko jItane kI apekSA avazIkRta eka AtmA ko jItanA sarvotkRSTa vijaya hai aura vahI sukha hai / indra - yajJa karAke, dAna dekara va bhoga bhogakara dIkSA leveM nami-dasa lAkha gaudAna se saMyama zreSTha hai / ataH use hI dhAraNa karanA ucita hai / 1. dekhie - prakaraNa 7, pR0 365-366. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [ 455 indra-gahasthAzrama chor3akara saMnyAsAzrama meM jAnA ucita nahIM hai| nami- sarvaviratirUpa zramaNadIkSA se zreSTha koI dharma nahIM hai| indra-kozavaddhi karake dIkSA leveN| nami-ananta dhana prApta hone para bhI lobhI kI icchAe~ zAnta nahIM hotI haiM / ataH dhanasaMgraha se kyA prayojana hai ! indra-asat va aprApta bhogoM kI lAlasA se prApta adabhuta bhogoM ko tyAganA ucita nahIM hai| nami-maiMne kAma-bhogoM kI lAlasA se prApta bhogoM ko nahIM tyAgA hai kyoMki inakI icchA mAtra durgati kA kAraNa hai| __ isa taraha brAhmaNa veSadhArI indra ne rAjA nami kI zramaNa-dharma meM dRr3ha AsthA dekhakara apanA vAstavika rUpa prakaTa kara diyA aura madhura vacanoM se rAjA nami ke AzcaryakArI guNoM kI stuti karate hue vandanA kii| indra devaloka calA gayA tathA nami aura adhika namrIbhUta ho ge| pazcAt nami ne zramaNa-dIkSA lI aura nirvANa pada paayaa| ___ isa parisaMvAda se jina mahattvapUrNa bAtoM para prakAza par3atA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM: 1. zramaNadharma gahasthAzrama se palAyana nahIM hai| 2. dIkSArthI ko gaha-kuTamba kI cintA na krnaa| 3. avazIkRta AtmA kI vijaya sabase bar3I vijaya hai / 4. saMsAra ke viSaya-bhoga viSaphala sadRza haiN| ye ananta kI saMkhyA meM prApta hone para bhI sukhakara nahIM hote haiN| .. 5. zramaNadharma kI zreSThatA va prayojana / 6. dIkSArthI ke mana meM utpanna hone vAle antadvandva kA saphala citrnn| 7. sahetuka prazna pUchanA va aise hI praznoM ke sahetuka uttara denaa| citta-sambhUta saMvAda : citta aura sambhata nAma ke do cANDAla the| ve donoM marakara deva he| una donoM meM se saMbhata ke jIva ne devaloka se cyUta hokara 1. u0 adhyayana 13. For Personal & Private Use Only

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456 ] . uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kAMpilya nagara meM rAnI cUlanI ke garbha se brahmadata cakravartI ke rUpa meM janma liyA aura citta ke jIva ne purimatAla nagara meM eka vizAla zreSThi kula meM janma liyaa| citta kA jIva dharma kA zravaNa karake sAdhu bana gayA parantu saMbhUta kA jIva ( brahmadatta ) bhogoM meM Asakta rhaa| saMyogavaza citta muni eka dina grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue kAMpilyanagara meM aae| vahA~ eka-dUsare ko dekhakara unheM jAtismaraNa ho gyaa| isake bAda saMbhUta kA jIva brahmadatta cakravartI apane pUrvabhava ke bhAI citta muni kA satkAra karake bolA___ saMbhUta ( brahmadatta )-paraspara prIti vAle hama donoM bhAI pUrvabhavoM meM kramazaH dazArNa deza meM dAsarUpa se, kalijara parvata para mRgarUpa se, matagaMgA ke tIra para haMsarUpa se, kAzI meM cANDAlarUpa se aura devaloka meM devarUpa se eka sAtha utpanna hae, phira kyA kAraNa hai ki isa chaThe bhava meM pRthaka-pRthak ho gae ? ___ citta (citta muni)-he rAjan ! hama donoM eka-se karma karane ke kAraNa pA~ca bhavoM taka to eka sAtha paidA hae parantu isa chaThe bhava meM pRthaka hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki tumane cANDAla bhava meM jo puNyakarma kie the ve bhogoM kI prApti kI abhilASA se (azubha nidAnapUrvaka) kie the aura maiMne abhilASArahita (nidAna rahita) hokara kie the| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka samAna karma karane para bhI hama donoM bhAI isa bhava meM bichur3a ge| ____saMbhUta-maiM pUrva bhava ke puNyakarmoM kA zubha phala Aja saba prakAra se bhoga rahA huuN| kyA tuma bhI isI prakAra ho ? citta-mujhe bhI apanA jaisA hI samajha / maiM eka mahAna arthavAlI gAthA ko sunakara pravajita ho gayA huuN| saMbhUta-he bhikSu ! yaha merA ghara saba prakAra se samRddha hai / tU bhI isakA yatheccha upabhoga kara kyoMki bhikSAcaryA bar3I kaThina hai| citta-he rAjan ! saMsAra ke sabhI viSaya-bhoga kSaNika evaM sukhAbhAsarUpa haiN| dIkSA meM unase kaI gunA adhika sakha hai| tU bhI mere jaisA bana jaa| ___ saMbhata-he mune ! maiM bhI ApakI taraha hI jAnatA hU~ parantu cANDAla bhava meM ( hastinApura meM rAjA ke aizvarya ko dekhakara ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [457 kie gae nidAnabandha ke kAraNa maiM vastusthiti ko jAnakara bhI ina kAma-bhogoM ko usI prakAra nahIM chor3a pA rahA hU~ jisa prakAra ki daladala meM phaMsA huA hAthI tIra-pradeza ko dekhakara bhI daladala se nahIM nikala pAtA hai| citta-yadi tU bhogoM ko tyAgane meM asamartha hai to dayA Adi acche karma kara jisase devatva kI prApti ho / isa prakAra snehavaza kalyANa kI bhAvanA se die gae sadupadeza kA jaba brahmadatta para koI prabhAva na par3A to muni ne punaH kahA'tumhArI bhogoM ko tyAgane kI icchA nahIM hai| tU Arambha aura parigraha meM Asakta hai| maiMne vyartha itanA pralApa kiyaa| aba maiM jA rahA huuN|' isake bAda brahmadatta bhogoM meM Asakti ke kAraNa anuttara ( sAtaveM ) naraka meM gayA aura kAma-bhogoM se virakta cittamuni anuttara siddhagati ( mokSa ) meM gyaa| isa parisaMvAda se nimnokta bAtoM para prakAza par3atA hai : 1. yadi koI sAdhu na bana sake to gRhastha-dharma kA pAlana kre| 2. upadeza use hI denA cAhie jo use grahaNa kre| 3. karma kI vicitrtaa| 4. nidAnabandha kA kupariNAma / 5. viSaya-bhogoM kI asaartaa| mRgAputra aura mAtA-pitA saMvAda :' sagrIva nagara meM balabhadra rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI mRgAvatI nAma kI paTarAnI thii| unakA eka priya putra thA jisakA nAma thA 'balazrI' parantu vaha 'mRgAputra' ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| vaha suramya mahaloM meM rAniyoM ke sAtha devasadRza bhoga bhogA karatA thA tathA hamezA prasannacitta rahA karatA thaa| eka dina jaba vaha ratna. jaTita prAsAda meM baiThA huA jharokhe se nagara ke caurAhoM Adi kI ora dekha rahA thA ki acAnaka usakI dRSTi eka saMyata sAdhu para pdd'ii| use ninimeSa dRSTi se dekhakara vaha socane lagA ki maiMne pahale bhI 1. u0 adhyayana 16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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458 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kabhI aisA rUpa dekhA hai| pazcAta sAdhu-darzana tathA pavitra cintana se . use jAtismaraNa ho gyaa| jAtismaraNa hone para use apane pUrva bhava ke zramaNapane kA smaraNa huA tathA usakA antaHkaraNa vairAgya se bhara gyaa| isake bAda vaha apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa jAkara isa prakAra bolA magApatra-he mAtA-pitA ! maiM bhogoM ko bhoga cakA haiN| saMsAra anitya va duHkhoM se pUrNa hai| ataH aba maiM dIkSA lenA.. cAhatA huuN| ___ mAtA-pitA-samudra ko bhujAoM se pAra karane kI taraha dIkSA atyanta kaThina hai| isameM hajAroM guNoM ko dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| jaise : jIvanaparyanta ahiMsAdi pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pAlana, rAtribhojana kA tyAga, zatra -mitra ke prati samatA, kezaloca Adi / he putra ! tU abhI sakumAra hai| ataH abhI bhogoM ko bhoga, bAda meM dIkSA lenaa| ___ mRgAputra-he mAtA-pitA ! ApakA kathana yadyapi satya hai phira bhI jisakI bhautika sukhoM kI pyAsa zAnta ho cukI hai usake lie kucha bhI duSkara nahIM hai| isake atirikta maiMne pUrvabhava meM pratyakSa dRzyamAna duHkhoM se kaI gune adhika nArakIya kaSToM ko bhogA hai| mAtA-pitA-he putra ! yadi tumhArI aisI hI icchA hai to pravrajita ho jAo parantu itanA dhyAna rakho ki pravajita hone ke bAda rogoM kA ilAja nahIM karAyA jAtA hai jo atyanta kaThina hai| magApatra-he mAtA-pitA! yadyapi ApakA kathana ThIka hai phira bhI jaise maga rogAdi kA ilAja kie binA akele hI aneka sthAnoM se bhakta-pAna lenevAlA, aneka sthAnoM meM rahanevAlA aura gocarI se jIvana yApana karanevAlA hotA hai vaise hI sAdhu bhI hotA hai| ata: Apase dIkSA ke lie anumati cAhatA huuN| mAtA-pitA-jaise meM tuma sukhI raho vaisA hI kro| isa prakAra mAtA-pitA ke dvArA nAnA prakAra se pralobhita kie jAne para bhI mRgAputra saMyama meM dar3ha rahA aura mAtA-pitA ko prabodhita karake dIkSA le lii| pazcAt bahuta varSoM taka kaThora zramaNadharma kA pAlana karake samAdhimaraNapUrvaka mokSa prApta kiyaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [456 isa parisaMvAda meM nimnokta viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai : 1. viSayAsakta jIvoM ko hI pravrajyA kaThina hai, anya ko nhiiN| 2. magacaryA ( sAdhvAcAra ) kI kaThoratA va usakA phala / 3. saMsAra ke duHkha va unakI asaartaa| 4. sabhI jIvoM ko nAnA prakAra ke bhogoM kA sakha-duHkharUpa anubhv| zreNika-anAthI saMvAda : magadha deza kA rAjA zreNika pracara ratnoM se paripUrNa thaa| eka bAra vaha vividha prakAra ke phUloM va phaloM se suzobhita tathA nandana vana ke samAna ramaNIka maNDikukSa nAmaka udyAna meM vihAra-yAtrA ke lie gyaa| vahA~ ghUmate hue rAjA ne eka dhyAnastha saumyAkRtivAle muni ko dekhaa| usameM rUpa, lAvaNya, saumyatA, nirlobhatA aura bhogoM se anAsakti Adi aneka durlabha guNoM ko ekatra dekhakara rAjA Azcaryacakita huaa| 'anAthI' nAma se prasiddha usa muni ke prati AkRSTa hue rAjA ne muni ke caraNoM meM namaskAra kiyaa| pazcAt muni se na adhika pAsa aura na adhika dUra baiThakara rAjA ne hAtha jor3akara kahA__ zreNika rAjA- he Arya ! viSaya-bhoga ke yogya isa yuvAvasthA meM Apake pravajita hone kA kyA kAraNa hai ? anAthI muni- mahArAja ! maiM anAtha haiN| merA koI nAtha (svAmI-rakSaka) nahIM hai| koI dayAlu mitra-bandhu bhI nahIM hai| ataH pravajita ho gayA huuN| __ rAjA (haMsakara)- tumhAre jaise saubhAgyazAlI vyakti kA koI 'nAtha nahIM hai yaha kaise saMbhava hai ? he bhadanta ! maiM Aja se tumhArA nAtha banatA hU~ / aba tuma yatheccha durlabha bhogoM ko bhogo| muni-he magadhAdhipa ! tuma khuda anAtha ho phira anAtha hokara mere va dUsaroM ke nAtha kaise ho sakate ho ? / rAjA ( muni ke azrutapUrva vacanoM ko sunakara atyadhika Azcaryayukta hotA huA )-mere pAsa sabhI prakAra ke utkRSTa bhoga1. u0 adhyayana 200 For Personal & Private Use Only

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460 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana sAdhana haiM phira maiM anAtha kaise ho sakatA hU~ ? he bhadanta ! Apa mithyA na kaheM / muni - he rAjan ! tU mere dvArA prayukta 'anAtha' aura 'sanAtha' zabda kA ThIka-ThIka artha nahIM jAnatA hai / ataH dhyAnapUrvaka mere pUrvavRtta ko suna - 'maiM dIkSA lene ke pUrva apAra dhana-sampattivAle apane pitA ke sAtha kauzAmbI nagarI meM rahatA thaa| eka bAra mujhe asahya cakSuroga huA / usa roga ko dUra karane ke lie advitIya cikitsAcAryo, ne merI saba prakAra se cikitsA kI parantu ve merA roga dUra na kara ske| pitA ne vipula sampatti kharca kI parantu ve bhI rogajanya mere kaSTa ko dUra na kara sake / rotI huI mAtA, bahina, patnI Adi sambandhIjana bhI mujhe duHkha se mukta na kara sake / yahI merI anAthatA / isa taraha nAnA prakAra ke prayatna kie jAne para bhI jaba merA cakSuroga ThIka na huA to maiMne eka dina saMkalpa kiyA ki yadi maiM isa roga se mukta ho jAU~gA to sAdhu bana jAU~gA / isa saMkalpa ke sAtha maiM so gayA / jaise-jaise rAtri bItatI gaI, roga zAnta hotA gayA aura prAtaHkAla pUrNa svastha ho gayA / saMkalpa ke anusAra maiMne bhI mAtA-pitA se anumati lekara pravrajyA le lii| tabhI se maiM apanA va dUsaroM kA nAtha ho gayA / yahI merI sanAthatA hai / jo AtmA ko saMyamita rakhakara zramaNadharma kA samyak pAlana karate haiM ve sanAtha haiM aura jo zramaNa hokara bhI viSayAsakta rahate haiM va dharma vidhipUrvaka pAlana nahIM karate haiM ve anAtha haiM / ' rAjA (sanAtha aura anAtha viSayaka isa azrutapUrva artha ko sunakara prasanna hotA huA va hAtha jor3akara ) - he bhagavan ! Apane mujhe sanAtha aura anAtha zabda kA ThIka-ThIka artha batalA diyA / ApakA manuSya janma saphala hai / Apa sanAtha evaM sabAndhava haiM / itanA hI nahIM Apa nAthoM ke bhI nAtha haiN| maiM Apase dharma meM anuzA - sita honA cAhatA hU~ | maiMne Apako bhogoM ke lie nimantraNa dekara va prazna pUchakara ApakA jo aparAdha kiyA hai use kSamA kreN| isake bAda rAjA apane bandhujanoM ke va muni kI vandanA karake calA gyaa| anyatra vihAra kara gae / sAtha dharma meM dIkSita hokara muni bhI nirmohI bhAva se For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [ 461 isa taraha isa parisaMvAda meM anAtha zabda kI bahuta hI rocaka va saTIka vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai| isase nimnokta bAtoM para prakAza par3atA hai : 1. dharmAcaraNa se yukta vyakti sanAtha hai aura dharmahIna anAtha hai| 2. dhanAdi se koI sanAtha nahIM hotA hai| 3. bAhyaliGga kI apekSA abhyantara-zuddhi kI prdhaantaa| 4. vinIta vyakti kA svarUpa / 5. svalpa bhI aparAdha ke lie kSamA-prArthanA / iSukArIya AkhyAna : devaloka ke eka hI vimAna meM rahane vAle chaH jIva avaziSTa puNya karmoM kA upabhoga karane ke lie iSakAra nagara meM utpanna hue / ve chaH jIva isa prakAra the : 1. purohita, 2. purohita kI patnI yazA, 3-4. purohita ke do putra, 5. rAjA vizAlakIrti (iSukAra) aura 6. rAjA kI patnI rAnI kmlaavtii| saMyogavaza eka dina purohita ke donoM putroM ko jAtismaraNa huA aura unakA antaH. karaNa vairAgya kI bhAvanA se bhara gyaa| isake bAda ve donoM dIkSArtha anumati ke lie mAtA-pitA ke pAsa jAkara isa prakAra bole... putra- yaha jIvana vighnabahula tathA duHkhamaya hai| hamArI Ayu atyalpa hai| hameM ghara meM Ananda nahIM milatA hai| ataH dIkSArtha anumati deveN| pitA-vedavid brAhmaNoM kA kahanA hai ki putra ke binA sadgati 'nahIM milatI hai| ataH pahale veda pddh'o| brAhmaNoM ko bhojana kraao| striyoM ke sAtha bhoga bhogo| putra paidA kro| pazcAta dIkSA lenaa| putra - vedAdhyayana, brAhmaNa-bhojana Adi rakSA karane vAle nahIM haiN| isake alAvA viSaya bhoga kSaNika sukharUpa va anarthoM kI khAna haiN| 1. u0 adhyayana 14. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #488
uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana pitA-jisa prayojana se loga tapa karate haiM vaha saba kucha (pracura dhana, striyA~ Adi) jaba tumheM yahIM prApta hai to phira kyoM dIkSA lenA cAhate ho ? putra-pitA jI ! taparUpI dharmadhurA ko dhAraNa karane vAle ko dhanAdi se kyA prayojana hai ? hama to guNasamUha ko dhAraNa karane ke lie dIkSA lenA cAhate haiN| pitA-he putro! jisa prakAra avidyamAna bhI agni araNi se, ghI dUdha se, tela tila se utpanna ho jAtA hai usI prakAra avidyamAna jIva bhI zarIra se utpanna ho jAtA hai aura zarIra ke naSTa hone para naSTa ho jAtA hai| putra-jIva amUrta svabhAva vAlA hone se mUrta indriyoM ke dvArA dikhalAI nahIM detA hai| amUrta hone se vaha nitya bhI hai| vaha na to utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa hI hotA hai| isakA samyaka jJAna. na hone se hama logoM ne aba taka ghara meM rahakara pApakarma kie / ataH aba dera karanA ucita nahIM hai| pitA-yaha loka kisase pIr3ita hai, kisase ghirA huA hai aura amoghA kauna hai ? yaha jAnane ke lie maiM utsUka haiN| putra-yaha loka mRtyu se pIr3ita hai,. bur3hApe se ghirA huA hai aura rAtri ko amoghA kahA gayA hai| dharma karane vAle kI sabhI rAtriyA~ saphala haiM aura adharma karane vAle kI asaphala / pitA-pahale hama saba gRhastha-dharma kA pAlana kareM, bAda meM dIkSA leNge| patra- jisakI mRtyu se mitratA ho, jo mauta se baca sakatA ho yA jise yaha vizvAsa ho ki vaha nahIM maregA vahI kala ke bAre meM soce / hama donoM to Aja hI dIkSA leNge| ____ isa taraha purohita ke donoM putra jaba apane nizcaya se vicalita na hue to usane bhI putrahIna kI dayanIya sthiti kA vicAra karake dIkSA lene kA nizcaya kiyA aura apanI patnI se bolA- purohita-he vAsiSThI ! aba merA bhikSAcaryA kA samaya A gayA hai kyoMki zAkhAvihIna vRkSa kI taraha putravihIna kA ghara meM rahanA nirarthaka hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #489
pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [463 vAsiSThI-pahale upalabdha ina pracura bhogoM ko bhogeM phira dIkSA leNge| purohita-hama bhoga bhoga cuke haiN| Ayu kSINa hotI jA rahI hai| ataH aba maiM saMyama dhAraNa karane ke liye bhogoM ko chor3anA cAhatA huuN| ___ vAsiSThI-abhI mere sAtha bhogoM ko bhogo| kahIM aisA na ho ki tumheM pratisrota meM bahane vAle vRddha haMsa kI taraha dIkSA lene ke bAda bandhuoM kI yAda karake pachatAnA pdd'e| purohita-jaba putroM ne nirmamatvabhAva se bhogoM ko chor3a diyA hai to phira maiM bhI unakA anugamana kyoM na karUM / ___ isa taraha putra aura pati kA dRr3ha nizcaya dekhakara vAsiSThI bhI socatI hai ki jaise krauJca pakSI jAla kA bhedana karake cale jAte haiM vaise hI mere putra aura patideva jA rahe haiM / ataH maiM bhI unakA anugamana kyoM na karUM / yaha soca vaha bhI putra va pati kA anugamana karatI hai| isa prakAra purohita ke saparivAra dIkSA le lene para jaba usa deza ke rAjA iSukAra ne rAjadharmAnusAra usake dhana ko lenA cAhA to usakI patnI kamalAvatI ne kahA- jaise vamana kie hue padArtha ko khAnevAle kI kahIM prazaMsA nahIM hotI vaise hI brAhmaNa ke dvArA tyakta dhana ko lene vAle kI prazaMsA nahIM hotii| dhana se na to tRpti hotI hai aura na rkssaa| rakSaka ekamAtra dharma hai / ata: usI kA AcaraNa karanA ucita hai|' isa taraha vividha prakAra se kamalAvatI ke dvArA samajhAe jAne para rAjA ne bhI apanI patnI ke sAtha dIkSA le lii| anta meM zramaNadharma kA pAlana karake ve chahoM jIva mukta ho ge| isa parisaMvAda se nimnokta viSayoM para prakAza par3atA hai : 1. viSayabhogoM kI asAratA va duHkhruuptaa| 2. vedAdhyayana, brAhmaNabhojana, putrotpatti Adi rakSaka nahIM haiM / rakSaka ekamAtra dharma hai| 3. tapa kA prayojana guNadhAraNa hai na ki bhogoM kI prApti / 4. AtmA kI siddhi va usakI ajrtaa-amrtaa| 5. kala kI pratIkSA vahI kare jo mRtyu se baca sakatA ho / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #490
464 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana 6. putra ke abhAva meM mAtA-pitA kI dayanIya sthiti / 7. parityakta dhana kA grahaNa vamita padArtha kA khAnA hai / 8. lAvArisa dhana kA adhikArI rAjA hotA hai / 9. zramaNadharma aGgIkAra karane kA phala | harikezibala AkhyAna : ' * harikezibala muni kA janma cANDAla kula meM huA thA / unhoMne jaina zramaNa banakara ugra tapasyA kI / tapa ke prabhAva se eka tinduka vRkSavAsI yakSa inakI sevA karane lagA thA / inakA raMga kAlA thA / ugra tapasyA karane se inakA zarIra kRza ho gayA thA aura vastrAdi upakaraNa jIrNa-zIrNa va malina ho gae the / inakA rUpa vikarAla hone para bhI tapa ke prabhAva se bhAsvara thA / eka samaya ye bhikSArtha yajJamaNDapa meM ge| vahA~ jAti se parAjita, ajitendriya va ajJAnI brAhmaNoM ne inheM Ate hue dekhakara nindAyukta vacanoM meM kahA brAhmaNa - o vIbhatsa rUpavAle ! tuma kauna ho ? kisalie yahA~ Ae ho ? yahA~ kyoM khar3e ho ? hamArI AMkhoM se dUra bhAga jAo / yakSa ( munirUpadhArI ) - maiM dhanAdi ke saMgraha se virata saMyamI zramaNa hU~ / bhikSAnna prApta karane ke lie yahA~ AyA hU~ / Apa bahutasA bhojyAnna bA~Ta rahe haiM / ataH zeSAvazeSa anna mujhe bhI prApta ho / brAhmaNa - yaha bhojyAnna sirpha brAhmaNoM ke lie hai / hama yaha tumheM nahIM deNge| phira kyoM yahA~ khar3e ho ? yakSa - jaise kisAna acchI upaja kI AzA se U~cI-nIcI sabhI jagaha bIja botA hai vaise hI puNyAbhilASI tuma mujhe bhI dAna do / yaha puNyakSetra hai / yahA~ diyA gayA dAna khAlI nahIM jAegA / brAhmaNa - puNyakSetra to zreSTha jAti va vidyA se yukta brAhmaNa hI haiM / yakSa - krodhAdi meM Asakta brAhmaNa pApakSetra haiM / ve vedoM ko par3hakarake bhI unake artha ko nahIM jAnate haiM / jo zramaNa sabhI kuloM meM bhikSA ke lie jAte haiM ve hI puNyakSetra haiM / 1. u0 adhyayana 12. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #491
pariziSTa 1: kathA-saMvAda [ 465 brAhmaNa-o nirgrantha ! vakavAsa mata kr| yaha anna naSTa bhale hI ho jAe magara hama tujhe nahIM deNge| yakSa-yadi mujha jitendriya ko yaha anna nahIM doge to isa yajJa se tumheM kyA lAbha hogA? isake bAda brAhmaNa kI AjJA pAkara usake bahuta se ziSya muni ko pITane lge| yaha dekha rAjA kauzalika kI putrI bhadrA ( brAhmaNa kI patnI ) ziSya kumAroM ko zAnta karate hue bolI-'yaha RSi ugra tapasvI tathA brahmacArI hai| yaha rAjAoM aura indra Adi se bhI pUjita hai| eka bAra devatA kI preraNA se svayaM mere pitA dvArA dI gaI mujhe isane mana se bhI nahIM cAhA thaa| yaha acintyazaktivAlA hai| isakI avahelanA karane para yaha tuma saba ko tathA samUce saMsAra ko bhI bhaSma kara sakatA hai| yadi tama jIvana aura dhana kI abhilASA rakhate ho to isakI zaraNa meM jAkara kSamA maaNgo|' isI bIca muni kI sevA karane vAle yakSa ne apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha milakara ziSya kumAroM ko kSata-vikSata kara ddaalaa| yaha saba dekha usa brAhmaNa ne apanI patnI bhadrA ke sAtha milakara muni se kSamA maaNgii| usane kahA- 'bhante ! mUr3ha bAlakoM ne ajJAnavaza ApakA jo aparAdha kiyA hai use kSamA kareM kyoMki muni kisI para kopa nahIM karate haiM, ve hamezA prasanna rahate haiM / Apake sabhI aGga pUjanIya haiN| yaha prabhUta anna-pAna grahaNa karake hameM anugahIta kreN|' yaha suna muni ne uttara diyA'mere mana meM na to pahale koI dveSa thA, na abhI hai aura na Age hogaa| kumAroM ko jo pratAr3ita kiyA hai vaha merI sevA karane vAle yakSa kA kArya hai|' isake bAda muni ne eka mAsa ke upavAsa ke bAda una para anugraha karane kI icchA se anna-pAna grahaNa kiyaa| yaha dekha devoM ne puSpavRSTi kI aura 'AzcaryakArI dAna' kahate hae dundubhi bjaaii| pazcAt muni ne brAhmaNoM ke kalyANa ke lie bhAvayajJa kA vyAkhyAna kiyaa| isa AkhyAna se nimna viSayoM para prakAza par3atA hai : 1. zreSTha jAti meM paidA honA zreSThatA kA sUcaka nahIM hai apitu karma se zreSThatA hotI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #492
466 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 2. tapasvI kI mhimaa| 3. dAna kA mAhAtmya va dAna kA supAtra / 4. bhAvayajJa kI shresstthtaa| 5. muni kA svruup| jayaghoSa-vijayaghoSa AkhyAna : jayaghoSa aura vijayaghoSa nAma ke do vedavid brAhmaNa the| unameM se jayaghoSa zramaNa bana gayA aura vijayaghoSa vaidika yajJoM ko karate hae vArANasI meM rahane lgaa| eka samaya indriyanigrahI va karmavinAzaka yamayajJa ko karanevAlA mahAyazasvI jayaghoSa zramaNa grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karatA huA vArANasI aayaa| vahA~ vaha zahara ke bAhara prAsuka zayyA va saMstAraka lekara 'manorama' udyAna meM Thahara gyaa| usa samaya vahAM para vijayaghoSa vaidika yajJa kara rahA thaa| jayaghoSa muni eka mAsa ke anazana tapa kI pAraNA ke lie vijayaghoSa ke yajJamaNDapa meM gyaa| vahAM pahuMcane para yajJakartA vijayaghoSa ne kahA vijayaghoSa-he bhikSo ! maiM tujhe bhikSA nahIM duuNgaa| tuma anyatra jAkara bhikSA maaNgo| yaha yajJAna sirpha unhIM brAhmaNoM ke lie hai jo vedavid, yajJavid, jyotiSAGgavid, dharmazAstravid aura sva-parakalyANakartA haiN| jayaghoSa ( vijayaghoSa kA kalyANa karane ke lie na ki anna-pAnAdi kI abhilASA se samatApUrvaka )-Apa loga vedAdi ke samyak artha ko nahIM jAnate haiN| yadi jAnate haiM to hameM btlaaeN| vijayaghoSa ( uttara dene meM asamartha ho hAtha jor3akara )-Apa svayaM vedAdi kA samyak artha btlaaeN| yaha suna jayaghoSa muni ne vedoM kA mukha, yajJoM kA mukha, nakSatroM kA mukha, dharmoM kA mukha, sva-para kA kalyANakartA, sacce brAhmaNa kA svarUpa, bAhyaliGga kI apekSA AbhyantaraliGga kI zreSThatA, janmanA jAtivAda kA khaNDana, karmaNA jAtivAda kI sthApanA Adi vividha viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyaa| 1. u0 adhyayana 25. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #493
pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [467 vijayaghoSa ( prasanna hokara )-Apane mujhe brAhmaNatva kA yathArtha svarUpa samajhA diyaa| Apa vedavid, yajJavid, jyotiSAGgavid, dharmavid tathA sva-parakalyANakartA haiM / he bhikSuzreSTha ! Apa mujha para anugraha karake yajJAnna grahaNa kreN| ___ jayaghoSa-mujhe bhikSA se koI prayojana nahIM hai / tuma saMsArarUpI sAgara se pAra utarane ke lie munidharma ko svIkAra kro| ___ isake bAda vijayaghoSa bhI pravajita ho gayA aura donoM ne saMyama va tapa kI ArAdhanA karake mokSa prApta kiyaa| isa AkhyAna se nimnokta viSayoM para prakAza par3atA hai : 1. sacce brAhmaNa kA svarUpa / 2. vedAdi kA mukha / 3. janmanA jAti kI apekSA karmaNA jAti kI shresstthtaa| 4. bAhyazuddhi kI apekSA Abhyantara zuddhi kI zreSThatA / 5. vaidika dravyayajJa kI apekSA yamayajJa kI shresstthtaa| 6. anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM munidhrm-smtaa| . 7. muni ke upadeza kA prayojana-para-kalyANa / rAjImatI-nemi AkhyAna :' zauryapura nagara meM rAjA vasudeva aura rAjA samudravijaya rAjya karate the| vasudeva kI do patniyAM thIM-rohiNI aura devkii| ina donoM patniyoM se kramazaH do putra hae-rAma ( balarAma ) aura kezava ( kRSNa ) / rAjA samudravijaya kI patnI kA nAma thA 'zivA' / usake eka putra kA nAma thA 'ariSTanemi' aura dUsare kA nAma thA 'rthnemi'| ___ usI samaya dvArakApurI meM bhogarAja ( ugrasena ) rAjya karate the| unakI putrI kA nAma thA 'raajiimtii'| vaha sabhI zreSTha rAjakanyAoM ke lakSaNoM se yukta, camakatI haI bijalI kI prabhA kI taraha dIptimatI, cAruprekSiNI aura suzIla thii| samudra vijaya ke putra 1. u0 adhyayana 22. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #494
468 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana ariSTanemi bhI isI prakAra sarvaguNoM se sampanna the / ve zyAma varNa ke the| saMhanana 'vajravaSabha' thaa| saMsthAna 'samacaturasra' thaa| peTa machalI ke peTa jaisA thaa| ariSTanemi aura rAjImatI ke yuvA hone para kezava ne bhogarAja se una donoM ke vivAha kA prastAva rkhaa| bhogarAja kI anumati milane para donoM tarapha vivAha kI taiyAriyA~ kI jAne lgiiN| vRSNipuMgava ariSTanemi ko zubha muhUrta meM sauMSadhiyoM se snAna karAyA gayA / kautuka evaM maMgala kArya bhI kie ge| divya vastra-yugala ( uttarIya aura adhaH ) pahanAe ge| AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| vAsudeva ke matavAle jyeSTha gandhahastI para baiThAyA gyaa| gandhahastI para baiThe hue ve mastaka para sthita cUDAmaNi kI taraha suzobhita hue| unake Upara chatra aura cAmara Dhule jA rahe the| cAroM ora dazAha loga baiThe hue the| gaganasparzI divya bAje baja rahe the| aise zubha muhUrta meM ariSTanemi vara ke rUpa meM apane bhavana se nikale aura caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha bhogarAja ke 'ghara prasthAna kiyaa| dvArakA pahuMcane para unhoMne piMjaroM evaM bAr3oM meM niruddha tathA bhaya se pIr3ita pazu-pakSiyoM ko dekhA / dayArdra hokara unhoMne apane sArathi se isakA kAraNa puuchaa| sArathi ne kahA -'ye prANI tumhAre vivAha kI khuzI meM bahata se logoM ko khilAne ke lie yahAM niruddha haiN|' sArathi ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara ariSTanemi ne socA-'mere nimitta se yadi ina bahuta se prANiyoM kA badha hone vAlA hai to yaha mere lie paraloka meM kalyANakArI nahIM hogaa|' aisA vicArakara unhoMne apane sabhI vastrAbhUSaNa utArakara sArathi ko de die aura dIkSA lene kA saMkalpa kiyaa| dIkSA kA saMkalpa karate hI devatAgaNa ariSTanemi kA abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava karane ke lie pdhaare| isake bAda hajAroM deva aura manuSyoM se ghire hae ariSTanemi ne citrA nakSatra meM abhiniSkramaNa kiyaa| abhiniSkramaNa karate samaya ve ratnanirmita pAlakI para baiThakara giranAra parvata para ge| vahA~ zIghra hI apane sugandhita bAloM ko apane hAthoM (paJcamuSTi) se ukhaadd'aa| vAsudeva ne abhISTa siddhi kA AzIrvAda diyaa| isake bAda rAma, kezava Adi sabhI ariSTanemi kI bandanA karake dvArakApurI lauTa ge| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #495
pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [ 466 jaba rAjImatI ne apane honevAle pati kI pravrajyA kA samAcAra sunA to vaha apanI haMsI va khuzI ko kho baiThI / pazcAt usane bhI vicAra kiyA - 'mujha pati-parityaktA ke jIvana ko dhikkAra hai / ata: merA bhI pravrajita honA ucita hai|' isake bAda kRtanizvayA dhRtimatI rAjImatI ne bhI apane suvAsita bAloM ko apane hAthoM se ukhAr3a diyA aura svayaM pravrajita hokara anya bahuta se svajanoM ko bhI pravrajita kiyA / yaha dekha vAsudeva ne bahuzrutA rAjI - tI ko bhI abhISTasiddhi kA zubhAzIrvAda diyA / pravrajita hone ke bAda jaba rAjImatI eka dina raivataka parvata para jA rahI thI ki mArga meM acAnaka varSA hone se vaha bhIga gaI / varSA va ghora andhakAra dekha rAjImatI ne samIpastha guphA meM jAkara vastroM ko utArA aura unheM sukhAne lagI / isI bIca pahale se vahA~ vartamAna rathanemi ne rAjImatI ko yathAjAta ( nagna ) rUpa meM dekha liyA / use dekha rathanemi asthira citta vAlA ho gayA / rAjImatI bhI vahA~ rathanemi ko dekha bhayabhIta ho gaI aura kAMpatI huI usane apane guhyAGgoM ko chipA liyA / pazcAt bhayabhIta rAjImatI se rathanemi ne sAntvanA bhare zabdoM meM praNaya nivedana kiyA / isa taraha rathanemi ko saMyama se cyuta hote hue dekha rAjImatI apane zarIra ko vastroM se DhakatI huI dRr3hatApUrvaka bolI- 'yadi tU rUpa meM vaizravaNa aura lAlitya meM nalakUbara hai yA sAkSAt indra hI hai to bhI maiM tujhe nahIM cAhatI hU~ / he yazaH kAmin ! tujhe dhikkAra hai jo tU vamana kI huI vastu ko pIne kI abhilASA rakhatA hai / isase to maranA acchA haiN|' isake bAda usane donoM ke kuloM kI zreSThatA Adi ko batalAte hue puna: kahA - 'yadi tU striyoM ko dekhakara rAgabhAva karegA to asthirAtmA ( caJcala cittavRttivAlA ) hokara zramaNa banane ke phala ko prApta na kara sakegA / " isa taraha saMyaminI rAjImatI ke subhASita vacanoM ko sunakara rathanemi saMyama meM usI prakAra dRr3ha ho gayA jisa prakAra aMkuza se madonmatta hAthI / isake bAda donoM ne nizcalabhAva se AjIvana dRr3ha saMyama kA pAlana karake mukti prApta kI / For Personal & Private Use Only

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470 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana isa prabhAvotpAdaka AkhyAna se nimnokta viSayoM para prakAza par3atA hai : 1. vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM nArI kA karttavya va zIlarakSA / 2. rAjImatI, rathanemi aura ariSTanemi kA udAtta-caritra / 3. rIti-rivAja evaM rAjya-vyavasthA Adi kA citra / 4. pazu-hiMsA meM nimittamAtra banane kA pariNAma / 5. kRSNa Adi aitihAsika mahApuruSoM kA prathamataH ullekha / saMjaya AkhyAna : eka samaya devaloka se cyuta hokara rAjA saMjaya ne kAMpilya nagara meM janma liyaa| eka bAra vaha ghor3e para baiThakara caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha 'kezara' udyAna meM zikAra ke lie gyaa| vahAM usane saMtrasta mRgoM ko maaraa| usI udyAna ke apphova-maNDapa ( latAmaNDapa ) meM tapasvI gardabhAlI muni dhyAnamagna the| idhara-udhara ghUmane ke bAda rAjA saMjaya ne usI latAmaNDapa ke pAsa pahale to mare hue mRgoM ko aura bAda meM dhyAnastha muni ko dekhaa| muni ko dekhakara rAjA Dara gyaa| usane socA ki rasalolUpI maiMne yahAM ke mRgoM ko mArakara muni kA aparAdha kiyA hai| ataH muni ke kopa se bhayabhIta rAjA zIghra hI ghor3e para se utarA aura vinayapUrvaka bolA-'he bhagavan ! mujhe isa viSaya meM kSamA kreN|' muni usa samaya dhyAnamagna the| ataH unhoMne koI pratyuttara nahIM diyaa| isase rAjA aura bhI adhika bhayabhIta ho gyaa| pazcAt rAjA ne apanA paricaya dete hue punaH vinatI kii| dhyAnastha muni ne mauna bhaMga karate hue kahA-'he rAjan ! tujhe abhaya hai| tU bhI dUsaroM ko abhaya karane vAlA bana / tU hiMsAvRtti kyoM karatA hai ? yaha saMsAra asAra evaM anitya hai| eka dina tujhe bhI saba kucha yahIM chor3akara paraloka jAnA hogaa| isa taraha vividha prakAra se muni ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA rAjA saMjaya rAjya chor3akara unake samIpa hI jinazAsana meM dIkSita ho 1. u0 adhyayana 18. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #497
pariziSTa 1 : kathA-saMvAda [ 471 gayA / eka dina saMjaya muni ke saumya rUpa ko dekhakara kisI kSatriya muni ne pUchA kSatriya muni-tumhArA nAma aura gotra kyA hai? tuma muni kisalie bane ho ? AcArya kI sevA kaise karate ho aura vinIta kaise kahalAte ho? saMjaya muni-nAma se maiM saMjaya huuN| merA gotra gautama hai| gardabhAli muni mere AcArya haiN| mukti ke lie muni banA hU~ aura AcArya ke upadezAnusAra sevA karatA hU~ / ataH vinIta huuN| ___ saMjaya muni ke isa uttara se AkRSTa hokara kSatriya muni ne binA pUche hI kaI bAteM batalAI aura prasaMgavaza bharata, sagara Adi bahuta se mahApuruSoM ke dRSTAnta die jinhoMne apanI vipula sampatti tyAgakara jinadIkSA lI tathA mokSa prApta kiyaa| isa taraha isa AkhyAna se nimnokta viSayoM para prakAza par3atA hai : 1. dIkSA lene kA pariNAma-mukti / 2. saMsAra kI asAratA / 3. hiMsAvRtti kA tyaag| 4. abhayadAtA honaa| samudrapAla AkhyAna :' campA nagarI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ziSya pAlita nAma kA vaNika rahatA thaa| vaha nirgrantha-pravacana meM vizArada thaa| eka bAra jala-pota se vaha vyApAra ke lie 'pihuNDa' nagara gyaa| vahA~ kisI seTha ne apanI kanyA kA pANigrahaNa usake sAtha kara diyaa| kucha samaya vahA~ rahane ke bAda vaha apanI garbhavatI patnI ko lekara svadeza lauttaa| rAste meM usakI patnI ne putra kA prasava kiyaa| samudra meM paidA hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma 'samudrapAla' rakhA gyaa| dhIre-dhIre yuvA hone para usane bahattara kalAoM tathA nItizAstra meM pANDitya prApta kara liyaa| eka dina usake pitA ne usakI zAdI rUpiNI 1. u0 adhyayana 21. For Personal & Private Use Only

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472] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana nAma kI kanyA ke sAtha kara dii| usake sAtha vaha suramya mahaloM meM devasadRza bhoga bhogane lgaa| eka dina jaba vaha jharokhe meM baiThA huA thA to usakI dRSTi acAnaka eka aise vyakti para par3I jo vadhabhami kI ora le jAyA jA rahA thaa| use dekha samudrapAla kA hRdaya vairAgya se bhara . gyaa| vaha socane lagA-'aho ! azubha karmoM kA phala burA hotA hai|' isake bAda usane mAtA-pitA se anumati lekara zramaNadharma aGgIkAra kiyaa| zramaNadharma kA samyaka pAlana karake usane sabhI prakAra ke karmoM ko naSTa kara diyA aura vizAla saMsArarUpI samudra ko pAra karake mokSa calA gyaa| isa AkhyAna se nimnokta viSayoM para prakAza par3atA hai : 1. zramaNadharma pAlana karane kA phala-mukti / 2. vyApAra va daNDa-vyavasthA / 3. karmoM kA phala / isa taraha sabhI kathAtmaka saMvAdoM meM mukhya rUpa se dhArmika carcA kI gaI hai| inase milate-julate kathAnaka va saMvAda Adi mahAbhArata . va bauddhagranthoM meM bhI milate haiN|' 1. dekhie-prAstAvika, pR0 45-46; u0 samI0 adhyayana, khaNDa 2, prakaraNa 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya grantha meM ullikhita nimnokta sabhI vyakti aitihAsika to nahIM haiM phira bhI viSaya ko rocaka evaM prabhAvotpAdaka banAne ke lie saMvAda evaM kathAoM ke rUpa meM inheM jor3A gayA hai| jaise : anAthI muni : prabhUtadhanasaMcaya inake pitA the| ye jIvana kI prathama avasthA meM hI cakSaroga se pIr3ita ho gaye the| aneka prayatna karane para bhI jaba roga ThIka na huA to jaina-zramaNa bana ge| inakA rAjA zreNika ke sAtha vArtAlApa huA jisameM inhoMne dharmahIna ko 'anAtha' aura dhArmika AcaraNavAle ko 'sanAtha' btlaayaa| inakA rUpa aura teja AzcaryakArI thaa| inhoMne anAthatA kA varNana kiyaa| ataH ye 'anAthI muni' ke nAma se kahe gae / : ara ( arahanAtha ) :2 ye sAtaveM cakravartI rAjA aura aThArahaveM tIrthaGkara hue| 1. dekhie-pari0 1, pR0 45.9. 2. u0 18.40. . 3. bAraha cakravartI rAjA isa prakAra haiM : 1. bharata, 2. sagara, 3. maghavA, 4. sanatkumAra, 5. zAnti, 6. kuMthu, 7. araha, 8. subhUma, 6. mahApadma, 10. hariSeNa, 11. jaya aura 12. brahmadatta / 4. jainadharma meM caubIsa tIrthaGkara isa prakAra haiM : 1. RSabha, 2. ajita, 3. saMbhava, 4. abhinandana, 5. sumati, 6. padmaprabha, 7. supArzva, 8. candraprabha, 6. puSpadanta (suvidhi), 10. zItala, 11. zreyAMsa, 12. vAsupUjya, 13. vimala, 14. ananta, 15. dharma, 16. zAnti, 17. kunthu, 18. ara ( araha), 16. malli, 20. munisuvrata, 21. nami, 22. nemi, 23. pArzva aura 24. mahAvIra / For Personal & Private Use Only

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474 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana andhakavRSNi :' ye samudravijaya, vasudeva, ariSTanemi, kRSNa Adi ke pUrvaja haiM / inhIM ke nAma se Age inake kula kA nAma andhakavRSNi pdd'aa| ariSTanemi :2 ye bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara haiN| ye zauryapura ke rAjA samudravijaya kI patnI zivA ke putra the| ye kRSNa varNa ke the| mahApuruSocita 1008 lakSaNoM se yukta the| inake zarIra kI asthiyoM Adi kA gaThana eka vizeSa prakAra kA thaa| jaba ye rAjImatI ke sAtha vivAha karane ke lie bArAta ke sAtha jA rahe the tabhI vairAgya ho jAne se jina-dIkSA le lii| inheM vRSNipuMgava ( yAdavavaMzI rAjAoM meM pradhAna ) kahA gayA hai| iSukAra : yaha iSukAra nagara ( kuru janapada ) kA rAjA thaa| isane apanI patnI kamalAvatI ke dvArA prabodhita kie jAne para jinadIkSA lI aura karmoM ko naSTa karake mokSa prApta kiyaa| bRhadvRtti meM isakA maulika nAma 'sImaMdhara' AyA hai tathA bauddha-granthoM meM 'eSukArI' nAma se isakA ullekha huA hai| yaha devoM kA zAsaka hai| ise zakra aura purandara ke nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| isane brAhmaNa ke veza meM rAjA nami kI dIkSA ke avasara para rAjA ke kartavyoM kA ullekha karate hue unake saMyama kI dRr3hatA kI parIkSArtha kucha prazna pUche / pazcAt nami ke sayuktika uttaroM ko sunakara unakI stuti kii| 1. dekhie - u0 samI0 adhyayana, pR0 366. 2. dekhie-rAjImatI AkhyAna, pari0 1. 3. u0 14. 3, 48. 4. u0 bRhadvatti, patra 364; hastipAla jAtaka, 506. 5. u0 adhyayana 6. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 : viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya [ 475 udAyana : 1 yaha sauvIra ( sindhu ) deza kA rAjA thA / isane mahAvIra se dIkSA dhAraNa karake mukti prApta kI / RSabha : 2 ye jainadharma ke prathama tIrthaGkara haiM / inakA gotra kAzyapa thA / inheM dharmoM kA mukha kahA gayA hai / indrAdi deva inakI pUjA karate haiM / inakA dharma bhagavAn mahAvIra kI taraha paMca mahAvratarUpa thA / kapila : 3 1 ye uttarAdhyayana ke AThaveM adhyayana ke AkhyAtA kahe gae haiM / Apa vizuddha prAjJa the / TIkAkAroM ne likhA hai ki eka dAsI ke sAtha prema ho jAne para ye usa dAsI kI abhilASA kI pUrti ke lie rAjadarabAra meM yAcanA ke lie ge| saMyogavaza rAjA ne inase prasanna hokara yatheccha dhana mAMgane ko khaa| isI samaya inheM lobha kI asImatA kA jJAna huA aura saba kucha chor3akara jainasAdhu bana gae / kamalAvatI : 4 yaha iSukAra deza ke rAjA kI dharmapatnI thI / isake upadeza se hI rAjA ko bodha kI prApti huI aura phira donoM jina dIkSA lekara va karmoM kA kSaya karake mokSa gae / karakaNDU : 5 kaliMga deza ke rAjA the / ye pratyeka buddhoM meM gine jAte haiM / inhoMne putra ko rAjya-bhAra sauMpakara jina dIkSA lI aura mokSa pAyA / 1. u018. 48. 3. u0 8 20 va TIkAe~ / 5. u0 18. 46-47. 6. bodhi prApta karane vAle muni tIna prakAra ke hote haiM : 1. svayaM- buddha ( jo svayaM bodhi prApta karate haiM ), 2. pratyeka - buddha ( jo kisI eka ghaTanA ke nimitta se bodhi prApta karate haiM ) aura 3. buddha-bodhita ( jo bodhiprApta vyaktiyoM ke upadeza se bodhi prApta karate haiM ) / - AcArya tulasI, u0 bhAga 1, pR0 105. 2. u0 25. 11, 14, 16. 23.87. 4. u0 14.3, 37. For Personal & Private Use Only

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476 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kAzIrAja :1 . inheM TIkAoM meM 'nandana' nAmavAle saptama baladevake nAma se kahA gayA hai| inhoMne kAma-bhogoM ko chor3akara jina-dIkSA lI thii| kunthu : ye chaThe cakravartI tathA satrahaveM jaina tIrthaGkara haiN| ikSvAku kula meM ye vRSabha ke samAna zreSTha aura vikhyAta kIrtivAle the| kezava : ye zauryapura ke rAjA vasudeva ke putra vAsudeva (kRSNa) haiN| ye aMtima (nauveM) vAsudeva' haiN| ye zaMkha, cakra tathA gadA dhAraNa karate the| ye apratihata yoddhA bhI the| devakI inakI mAtA thii| inhoMne hI ariSTanemi kI zAdI ke lie bhogarAja kI putrI rAjImatI kI yAcanA kI thI tathA inake hI madonmatta hAthI para ArUr3ha hokara ariSTanemi vivAhArtha gae the| jyeSTha hone ke nAte inhoMne ariSTanemi ko abhISTa phalaprApti kA AzIrvAda 1. u0 18. 46. 2. nau baladeva ye haiM : 1. acala, 2. vijaya, 3. bhadra, 4. suprabha, 5. sudarzana, 6. AnaMda, 7. naMdana, 8. padma ( rAmacandra ) aura 6. rAma (balarAma). 3. u018. 36. 4. u0 22.2, 6, 8, 10, 27; 11. 21. 5, vAsudeva baladeva ke choTe bhAI kahalAte haiN| vAsudevoM kI saMkhyA nau hai tathA inake zatra prativAsudevoM kI saMkhyA bhI nau hai / vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva isa prakAra haiM : vAsudeva- 1. tripRSTha, 2. dvipRSTha, 3. svayambhU, 4. puruSottama, 5. puruSasiMha, 6. puruSapuNDarIka, 7. datta, 8. nArAyaNa ( lakSmaNa ) aura 6. kRSNa ( kezava ) / prati vAsudeva-1. azvagnIva, 2. tAraka, 3. meraka, 4. madhukaiTabha, 5. nizubha, 6. bali, 7. prahlAda, 8. rAvaNa aura 9. jarAsandha / For Personal & Private Use Only

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.pariziSTa 2 : viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya [477 diyA tathA ariSTanemi ke dIkSA le lene ke bAda inhoMne unheM svayaM namaskAra bhI kiyaa| saMbhavataH kRSNa kA caritra jaina-granthoM meM sarvaprathama yahIM milatA hai| ye ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI the| kezikumAra zramaNa : ye pArzvanAtha ke mahAyazasvI ziSya ( cauthe paTTadhara ) the| ye ziSyoM ke sAtha grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue zrAvastI ke 'tinduka' nAma ke udyAna meM Thahare aura vahA~ inhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama se dharma-bhedaviSayaka ziSyoM kI zaMkA ko dUra karane ke lie kucha prazna pUche / inheM avadhijJAna thaa| kozala rAjA :2 ye kozala deza ke prasiddha rAjA the| inhoMne yakSa devatA kI preraNA se apanI kanyA 'bhadrA' harikezibala muni ko denA cAhI thI parantu unhoMne svIkAra nahIM kI thii| kSatriya muni : ___ inhoMne rAja-pATa tyAgakara jina-dIkSA lI thii| saMjaya RSi se inakA vArtAlApa huA jisameM inhoMne jina-dIkSA lekara mukti prApta karane vAle kaI dhArmika mahApuruSoM ke daSTAnta die| AtmArAmajI ne inheM mahAvIra ke sama-samayavartI likhA hai / / gargAcArya muni :5 inhoMne avinIta ziSyoM ko samAdhi meM bAdhaka samajhakara unakA tyAga kiyA aura pRthivI para ekAkI vicaraNa kiyaa| gardabhAlI muni :6 ___ ye ugra tapasvI the| eka bAra jaba ye kAmpilya nagara ke 'kezara' udyAna meM dharmadhyAna kara rahe the to usI samaya inake samIpa Ae hue mRgoM ko mAranevAle rAjA saMjaya ne inase kSamA mAMgI aura jinadIkSA lii| * 1. u0 adhyayana 23. . 3. u0 16.20, 24. 5. u0 27.1, 16-17. 2. u0 12.20, 22. 4. vahI, TIkA, pR0 742. 6. u0 18.6, 19, 22. For Personal & Private Use Only

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478 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana gautama : ye mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara ( pramukha ziSya ) the|2 inakA samaya I0 pU0 607 ke karIba hai| eka bAra ye apane ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hae zrAvastI ke 'koSThaka' udyAna meM tthhre| vahA~ kezikumAra ke sAtha huI dharma-bhedaviSayaka tattvacarcA meM inhoMne samAdhAnAtmaka uttara diyA aura donoM paramparAoM meM UparItaura para dikhalAI par3ane vAle matabheda ko dUra kiyaa| paMzcAt kezikumAra ne apane ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha inake batalAe hue mArga kA anusaraNa kiyaa| dasaveM adhyayana meM gautama ko lakSya karake apramatta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| inheM 'bhagavAn' jaise zabdoM se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / anta meM inhoMne mokSa prApta kiyaa| cittamuni : __ ye purimatAla nagara ke vizAla zreSThikula meM utpanna hue the| bAda meM jaina zramaNa bana ge| ye apane pichale pA~ca janmoM meM kramazaH dazArNa deza meM dAsarUpa se, kaliMjara parvata para mRgarUpa se, mRtagaMgA ke tIra para haMsarUpa se, kAzI meM cANDAlarUpa se aura devaloka meM devarUpa se apane bhAI saMbhUta ( brahmadatta cakravartI ) ke sAtha-sAtha utpanna hue parantu chaThe janma meM donoM bhAI pRthak-pRthak ho ge| eka bAra chaThe janma meM jaba ye donoM kAmpilya nagara meM mile to donoM ne apane-apane sukha-duHkha kA hAla eka dUsare se kahA / brahmadatta ne apanA vaibhava citta muni ko denA cAhA parantu citta muni ne use svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| inhoMne brahmadatta ko dharmopadeza diyA parantu jaba usa para upadeza kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3A to phira use upadeza denA vyartha samajhakara vahA~ se cale ge| pazcAt ugra tapa karake mokSa prApta kiyaa| 1. u0 adhyayana 10 va 23. 2. gautama apane ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha mahAvIra ke ziSya kaise bane ? dekhie-vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM gaNadharavAda / 3. dekhie-citta-saMbhUta saMvAda, pari0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 : viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya [476 calanI rAnI : ___ yaha brahmadatta cakravartI kI mAtA thii| jaya :2 yaha gyArahavAM cakravartI rAjA thaa| isane saikar3oM rAjAoM ke sAtha rAjya chor3akara jina-dIkSA lI aura mukti prApta kii| jayaghoSa : yaha jAti se brAhmaNa thA parantu bAda meM jaina muni banakara isane yamayajJa kie| eka bAra jaba yaha apane bhAI vijayaghoSa ke yajJamaNDapa meM pahuMcA to brAhmaNoM ke sAtha hue saMvAda meM yajJa aura brAhmaNa kA saccA svarUpa btlaayaa| isake upadeza ke prabhAva se vijayaghoSa bhI jaina zramaNa bana gayA / pazcAt donoM ne mukti prApta kii| dazArNabhadra : - dazArNa deza kA rAjA thaa| indra kI preraNA se jina-dIkSA lii| dvimukhaH5 pAMcAla deza kA.rAjA thaa| putra ko rAjya dekara jina-dIkSA lii| devakI : : yaha rAjA vasudeva kI patnI tathA kezava kI mAtA thii| dogunduka deva : nitya prasannacitta va svarga ke sukhoM kA anubhava karanevAlA deva / naggati : gAndhAra deza kA rAjA thaa| putra ko rAjya sauMpakara jina-dIkSA lii| nami : ye videha ke rAjA the| inakI rAjadhAnI mithilA thii| dIkSA ke samaya brAhmaNa veSadhArI indra se inakA saMvAda huA jisameM Apane 1. u0 13.1. 2. u0 18.43. 3. u0 25.1, 36. 4. u0 18.44. 5. u0 18.46-47. 6. u0 22.2-3. 7. u0 16.3. . 8. u0 18.46-47. 6. dekhie-indra-nami saMvAda, pari0 1. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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480 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana apane dRDha saMyama kA paricaya diyaa| anta meM putra ko rAjya sauMpakara jina-dIkSA lI aura mokSa prApta kiyaa| nalakabara : . lIlA-vilAsa meM prasiddha deva-vizeSa / pAlita vaNika :3 . yaha campA nagarI meM rahane vAlA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ziSya thaa| eka bAra jaba yaha pihuNDanagara vyApAra karane gayA to vahA~ ke kisI seTha ne ise apanI kanyA vivAha dI thii| usase ise eka putra huA jisakA nAma 'samudrapAla' rakhA gyaa| pArzvanAtha : ye teIsaveM tIrthaGkara va aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiN| inakA samaya mahAvIra se 250 varSa pahale I0 pUrva 8vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| inakA dharma caturyAma aura sAntarottara thaa| 'kezi' inakA ziSya thaa| prabhUtadhanasaMcaya : .. ye kauzAmbI meM rahate the / anAthI muni inake hI putra the| brahmadatta cakravartI :6 yaha pAMcAla deza kA rAjA thaa| yaha citta muni ke pUrva bhava kA bhAI saMbhUta thA jo pAMca bhavoM taka apane bhAI citta ke sAtha-sAtha 1. videhadeza meM do nami rAjA hue haiN| unameM se eka 21 veM tIrthaGkara hue haiM aura dUsare pratyekabuddha / yahA~ jo nami rAjA kA ullekha hai ve pratyekabuddha haiM, tIrthaGkara nhiiN| dekhie-AcArya tulasI, u0 bhAga 1, pR0 107. 2. u0 22.41. 3. u0 21.1-4. 4. u0 23.1, 12, 23, 26. 5. u0 20. 18. prabhUtadhanasaJcaya nAma hai yA vizeSaNa isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| mAlUma par3atA hai ki inake putra 'anAthI' kI taraha hI inakA bhI nAma bahuta dhana saJcaya karane ke kAraNa prabhUtadhanasaJcaya par3a gayA ho / 6. dekhie-citta-saMbhUta saMvAda, pari0 1. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 : viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya [ 48 1 utpanna huA / pUrvajanma meM nidAna bAMdhane ke kAraNa yaha chaThe bhAva meM apane bhAI se pRthak ho gayA aura cUlanI rAnI kI kukSi se utpanna hokara AThavAM cakravartI rAjA huaa| isakA citta muni se saMvAda bhI huaa| dharma kA pAlana na karane ke kAraNa sAtaveM naraka meM gayA / bhadrA : 1 yaha kozala rAjA kI sundara aMgoM evaM tadanurUpa guNoMvAlI putrI thii| isane harikezibala muni para prahAra karanevAle brAhmaNoM ko unake tapobala kA paricaya dekara pITane se rokA thaa| pahale yaha apane pitA ke dvArA devatA kI preraNA se inhIM muni ko de dI gaI thI parantu vItarAgI hone se muni ne ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA / TIkAkAroM ne ise rAjA somadeva kI patnI batalAyA hai / bharata : 2 ye bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke prathama putra aura prathama cakravartI rAjA the / inake nAma se hI isa deza kA nAma 'bhArata' par3A / inhoMne rAjya tyAgakara jina - dIkSA lI thI / bhRgu purohita va putradvaya : 3 meM ye tInoM pUrva janma meM deva the / vahA~ se cyuta hokara iSukAra nagara brAhmaNa ke kula meM utpanna hue / bhRgu purohita ke donoM putra jaba jaina zramaNa banane ke lie pitA se AjJA lene Ae to pitA ne unheM bhogoM se pralobhita karanA cAhA parantu unhoMne apane prabhAva se mAtA-pitA ko bhI bhogoM se virakta karake sabake sAtha dIkSA le / mUla grantha meM purohita aura usake putroM kA nAma nahIM hai / yahA~ purohita kA 'bhRgu' nAma TIkA granthoM ke AdhAra se diyA gayA hai / bhogarAja : 4 rAjImatI ke pitA ( ugrasena ) the / kezava ne ariSTanemi ke sAtha vivAha ke lie inase hI rAjImatI kI yAcanA kI thI / maghavA : 5 ye tRtIya cakravartI the / inhoMne rAjya chor3akara jina - dIkSA lI thI / 1. u0 12.20, 22, 24-25. 3. dekhie - iSukAra AkhyAna, 5. u0 18.36. pari0 10 2. u0 18.34. 4. u0 22.8, 44. For Personal & Private Use Only

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482-] mRgA : 1 yaha sugrIva nagara ke rAjA balabhadra kI paTarAnI tathA mRgAputra kI mAtA thI / uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana mRgAputra : 2 isakA janma-nAma 'balazrI' hone para bhI isakI prasiddhi 'mRgAputra' ke nAma se huI / yaha mAtA-pitA ko priya thA / prAsAda meM striyoM ke sAtha krIr3Ae~ kiyA karatA thA / eka bAra gavAkSa se eka sAdhu ko dekhane para jaba ise pUrvajanma kA jJAna huA to isane apane mAtA-pitA se jina - dIkSA lene kI anumati maaNgii| pahale to mAtA-pitA ne ise saMsAra ke bhogoM se pralobhita karanA cAhA parantu bAda meM isakA dRr3ha saMyama dekhakara dIkSArtha anumati de dI / anta meM mokSa prApta kiyA / mAtA-pitA ke sAtha hue saMvAda meM isane narakoM ke kaSTa aura sAdhudharma kA varNana kiyA / . mahAvIra : 3 ye antima ( caubIsaveM ) tIrthaGkara haiM / inakA samaya Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva ( I0 pUrva chaThI zatAbdI ) thA / inhoMne pArzvanAtha ke 'caturyAma' tathA 'sAntarottara' dharma ko deza - kAla kA vicAra karake paMcayAma' tathA 'acelaka' ke rUpa meM parivartita kiyA thaa| inakA gotra kAzyapa thA / inheM granthoM meM varadarzI (pradhAnadarzI), jJAtaputra, jina, vardhamAna, vIra, buddha Adi nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / gautama inakA pradhAna ziSya thA / inake pitA kA nAma 'siddhArtha' aura mAtA kA nAma 'trizalA' thA / 1. u0 16.1 2. 2. dekhie - mRgAputra AkhyAna, pari0 1 3. u0 23. 23, 26; 36 266 Adi / 4. kAzyapa 2.46; jJAtaputra 26.266; buddha 18.32; 25.34; 35.1; varadarzI 28.2; vIra 20.40 ; jina 2.6; 10.32; 14.52; 18.16, 32, 43, 47; 21.12; 22.28, 38; 24.3; 28.1-2, 18-16, 27, 33; 36.60, 261-262; vardhamAna 21.26. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 : viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya [483 mahApana : ye nauveM cakravartI rAjA the| inhoMne rAjya tyAgakara jina-dIkSA lI aura tapazcaraNa kiyaa| mahAbala rAjA :2 inhoMne ugra tapa karake mukti prApta kii| yazA (vAsiSThI) : yaha bhagU purohita kI dharmapatnI thii| pati aura putra ke dIkSA le lene para yaha bhI sAdhvI bana gaI / vasiSTha kula meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa ise 'vAsiSThI' bhI kahA gayA hai| rathanemi : ye ariSTanemi ke choTe bhAI tathA samudravijaya ke putra the| inakA kUla agandhana. thaa| samaya pAkara inhoMne dIkSA le lii| eka samaya rAjImatI ko andhakArapUrNa guphA meM nagna dekhakara inhoMne usase bhoga bhogane ke lie prArthanA kii| bAda meM rAjImatI ke dvArA prabodhita kie jAne para saMyama meM dRr3ha hokara inhoMne mokSa prApta kiyaa| rAjImatI :5 yaha bhogarAja (ugrasena) kI sarvaguNasampanna kanyA thii| ariSTanemi ke lie vAsUdeva ne isI kI yAcanA kI thii| hone vAle pati ariSTanemi ke dIkSita ho jAne para isane bhI jina-dIkSA le lI aura ghugharAle kezoM ko apane hAthoM se ukhAr3a pheMkA / pazcAt anya striyoM ko bhI dIkSita kiyA / rathanemi jaise tapasvI ke dvArA prAthita hokara bhI yaha saMyama meM dRr3ha rahI aura use bhI saMyama meM dRr3ha karake ' mokSa prApta kiyaa| isake dvArA pradarzita pativratA-dharma tathA brahmacarya vrata eka udAtta Adarza hai| 1. u0 18.41. 2. u0 18.51. 3. u0 14.3, 26. 4. dekhie-rAjImatI AkhyAna, pari0 1; jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 500-501. 5. vhii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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* 484 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana rAma (balarAma):' ye yaduvaMzI vasudeva ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma rohiNI thaa| kezava inake bar3e bhAI the| ye nauveM baladeva haiN| rUpiNI : yaha samudrapAla vaNik kI rUpavatI patnI thii| rohiNI : - yaha prasiddha yaduvaMzI rAjA vasudeva kI patnI thii| isake putra kA nAma rAma 'balarAma' thaa| balabhadra : yaha sugrIva nagara kA rAjA thaa| 'mRgA' isakI agramahiSI (paTarAnI) thI tathA 'mRgAputra' (balazrI) isakA priya putra thaa| vasudeva : ye zauryapura ke yaduvaMzI rAjA the / inakI 'rohiNI' aura 'devakI' ye do rAniyAM thIM jinake kramaza: 'rAma' aura 'kezava' ye do putra the| samudravijaya inakA bhAI thaa| vAsudeva : yaha kezava (kRSNa) kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / vijaya : yaha dUsarA baladeva hai / yaha kIrtizAlI rAjA thaa| isane rAjyavaibhava chor3akara jina-dIkSA lI thii| vijayaghoSa :10 ___ yaha jayaghoSa brAhmaNa kA bhAI thA aura banArasa meM vaidika yajJa kiyA karatA thaa| bAda meM jayaghoSa muni kI preraNA se dIkSA lekara isane mukti prApta kI thii| 1. u0 22.2,27. 2. dekhie-pR0 476, pA0 Ti0 2-5. 3. u0 21.7. 4. u0 22.2.3. 5. u0 16.1-2. 6. u0 22.1-3. 7. dekhie-0bhA0sa0,pR0 500-501. 8. u0 22.8. 6. u0 18.50. 10. u0 25.4-5,36,45. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 : viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya [485 vaizravaNa deva : yaha saundaryazAlI deva-vizeSa hai| rAjImatI ne apane saMyama kI dRr3hatA batalAte samaya isakA ullekha kiyA thaa| zAnti :2 ye zAnti ko dene vAle pAMcaveM cakravartI rAjA tathA solahaveM prasiddha jaina tIrthaGkara haiN| zivA : ___ yaha rAjA samudravijaya kI patnI tathA ariSTanemi kI mAtA thii| zreNika : ___ yaha (mahAvIra kA samakAlIna) magadha janapada kA rAjA thaa| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoM meM isa rAjA kA savizeSa ullekha milatA hai| yaha kisa dharma ko mAnane vAlA thA isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| jaina-granthoM meM ise bhAvI tIrthaGkara mAnA gayA hai tathA isakA savizeSa ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa rAjA ke tInoM paramparAoM meM kaI nAma milate haiN| jaise: jaina-paramparA meM-zreNika aura bhaMbhasAra; bauddha-paramparA meM-zreNika aura bimbisAra; purANoM meM ajAtazatru aura vidhisAra / 5 maNDikUkSi udyAna meM isakA anAthI muni se 'anAtha' viSaya para saMlApa huA jisake prabhAva se isane dharma ko svIkAra kiyA thaa| sagara :6 ye dvitIya cakravartI rAjA the| inhoMne rAjya ke vaibhava ko chor3akara jina-dIkSA lI aura mukti ko prApta kiyaa| sanatkumAra : - yaha caturtha cakravartI rAjA thaa| isane bhI putra ko rAjya sauMpakara jina-dIkSA lI aura tapa kiyaa| 1. u0 22.41. 2. u018.38. 3. u0 22.4. 4. u0 20.2,10,14-15,54. 5. vizeSa-u0 samI0 adhyayana, pR0 362-366. 6. u0 18.35. 7. u0 18.37. For Personal & Private Use Only

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486 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra . eka parizIlana saMjaya : yaha kAmpilya nagara kA rAjA thaa| AtmArAmajI ne ise mahAvIra kA samasAmayika likhA hai| eka bAra yaha caturaMgiNI senA ke sAtha mRgayA ke lie gyaa| vahA~ ajJAnavaza muni kI zaraNa meM Ae hue mRgoM ko mArane ke kAraNa muni se kSamA maaNgii| muni ke uttara na dene para yaha Dara gyaa| pazcAt unhIM gardabhAli muni se dIkSA le lii| bAda meM inakA kSatriya muni se samAgama haA jisase ye aura adhika saMyama meM dRr3ha ho gae / kSatriya muni bhI inase prabhAvita hue the| samudrapAla :2 yaha pAlita vaNika kA putra thaa| isakI mAtA pihuNDanagara kI thii| samudrayAtrA karate samaya janma hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma 'samudrapAla' rakhA gayA thaa| pitA ke dvArA kahIM se lAI gaI rUpavatI 'rUpiNI' strI ke sAtha yaha devasadaza bhoga bhogA karatA thaa| eka bAra vadha sthAna ko le jAe jAne vAle vadha-yogya vastroM se vibhUSita vadhya ( cora ) ko dekhakara vairAgya ho gayA / pazcAt mAtA-pitA se AjJA lekara jinadIkSA lI aura anta meM mukti ko prApta kiyA / samudravijaya : ye zauryapura ke rAjA the / inakI patnI 'zivA' aura putra 'ariSTanemi' thaa| 'rathanemi' bhI inhIM kA putra thaa| ye 'andhakavRSNi' kula ke netA the / yaha kula zreSThakula mAnA jAtA thaa| isIlie rAjImatI rathanemi ko saMyama se cyuta hote dekhakara use usake isI kula kI yAda dilAtI hai| harikezibala muni :4 ___ yaha zvapAka (cANDAla) kulotpanna ugra tapasvI jaina muni thaa| eka yakSa isakI sevA kiyA karatA thaa| isane yakSa devatA kI preraNA se kozala rAjA ke dvArA dI gaI sundarI 'yazA' kanyA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA thaa| eka bAra jaba yaha bhikSArtha yajJa-maNDapa meM gayA 1. dekhie-saMjaya AkhyAna, pari0 1. 2. dekhie-samudrapAla, pari0 1. 3. u0 22.3, 36, 43-44, 4. u0 12.1, 3, 4, 6, 17, 21-23, 37, 40. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 2 : viziSTa vyaktiyoM kA paricaya [487 to brAhmaNoM ne isake kutsita rUpa ko dekhakara isakI nindA kI aura pITA / yaha dekha yakSa ne rakSA kii| bAda meM brAhmaNapatnI yazA ke dvArA saparivAra kSamA mAMgane para isa muni ne yajJAnna ko grahaNa kiyA aura bhAvayajJa kA pratipAdana kiyaa| hariSeNa :1 yaha manuSyoM meM indra ke samAna zatruoM kA mAnamardana karane vAlA tathA pRthivI para eka chatra rAjya karanevAlA dasavAM cakravartI rAjA thaa| isane dIkSA lekara mukti prApta kii| isa taraha ina mahApuruSoM meM kucha to kSatriya rAjA haiM, kucha jaina muni haiM, kucha brAhmaNa haiM, kucha deva va tIrthaGkara haiN| RSabha, pArzva, mahAvIra, zreNika, udAyana Adi aitihAsika mahApuruSa haiM / 1. u0 15.42. 2. dekhie-jai0 bhA0 sa0, pari0 2. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 sAhanAcAra ke kucha anya jJAtavya tathya uttarAdhyayana ke caraNavidhi nAmaka ikatIsaveM adhyayana meM sAdhu ko kucha viSayoM meM vivekavAn hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA usakA phala mukti batalAyA gayA hai| mUla grantha meM una viSayoM kI sirpha saMkhyA ginAI gaI hai| TIkA-granthoM meM unakA vistAra kiyA gayA hai| sAdhvAcAra ke prasaGga meM jina viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai unheM chor3akara zeSa ko mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. tyAjya saMjJAdi doSa tathA 2. adhyayanIya gAthAdi granthAdhyayana / tyAjya: tyAjya saMjJAdi doSa isa prakAra haiM : saMjJAe~' (Expressions of the emotions)-saMvedanAtmaka cittavatti yA bhAvanA-vizeSa kA nAma saMjJA hai| isake AhAra, bhaya, maithana tathA parigraha ke bheda se cAra bheda kie gae haiN| sAMsArika sabhI viSayoM kI abhilASArUpa cittavRtti se virakta hone ke kAraNa sAdhu ko ina saba se bhI virakta honA Avazyaka hai| kriyAeM 2 (Actions )-vyApAra-vizeSa kA nAma kiyA hai| isake pA~ca prakAra ginAe gae haiM : 1. kAyaceSTArUpa sAmAnya kriyA ( kAyikI ), 2. khar3agAdi sAdhana ke sAtha kI gaI kriyA ( AdhikaraNikI ), 3. dveSabhAvajanya kriyA ( prAdveSikI ), 4. kaSTa denevAlI kriyA ( pAritApanikI ) aura 5. prANavinAzaka kriyA ( prANAtipAtikI.) / sAdhu ko ahiMsA mahAvrata kI rakSA ke lie ina saba kriyAoM kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai| 1. u0 31.6; samavA0, samavAya 4. 2. u0 31.7; samavA0, samavAya 5. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 : sAdhvAcAra ke kucha anya jJAtavya tathya [489 bhayasthAna' ( Causes of danger )-cittodvega kA nAma bhaya hai| isake sAta prakAra ginAe gae haiM : 1. svajAtIya jIva ko svajAtIya jIva se honevAlA bhaya ( ihaloka bhaya ), 2. paraloka bhaya, 3. dhana ke vinAza kA bhaya, 4. akasmAt apane Apa sazaMka honA ( akasmAt bhaya ), 5. AjIvikA kA bhaya, 6. apayaza kA bhaya aura 7. mRtyu kA bhaya / bhayavAlA vyakti sadAcAra meM pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA hai| ataH sAdhu ko saba prakAra ke bhaya kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai / kriyAsthAna ( Actions-Productive of Karman )jisa pravatti se karmoM kA Asrava ho use kriyAsthAna zabda se kahA gayA hai| isake teraha bheda ginAe gae haiM : 1. prayojanapUrvaka kI gaI hiMsAdi meM pravatti, 2. prayojana ke binA kI gaI hiMsAdi meM pravRtti, 3. pratipakSI ko mArane ke lie kI gaI pravRtti, 4. anajAne meM huI pravRtti ( akasmAt kriyA), 5. matibhrama se kI gaI hiMsAdi meM pravRtti ( dRSTiviparyAsa kriyA ), 6. jhUTha bolanA, 7. corI karanA, 8. bAhya nimitta ke abhAva meM zokAdi karanA ( AdhyAtmika kriyA ), 6 mAna kriyA, 10. priyajanoM ko kaSTa denA, 11. mAyA kriyA, 12. lobha kriyA aura 13. saMyamapUrvaka gmn| inameM Adi ke 12 kriyAsthAna hiMsAdirUpa hone se sarvathA tyAjya haiM aura antima kriyAsthAna samitirUpa hone se upAdeya hai parantu sadAcAra kI caramAvasthA ( ayoga kevalI kI avasthA ) meM vaha bhI heya hI hai kyoMki pratyeka kriyA se zubha athavA azubha karmoM kA Asrava to hotA hI hai| isIlie dhyAna tapa kI caramAvasthA meM zvAsocchvAsa jaisI sUkSma kriyA kA bhI nirodha batalAyA gayA hai| asaMyama' ( Neglect of self-control )-saMyama kA artha hai-sAvadhAnI ( niyantraNa ) tathA asaMyama kA artha hai-asAvadhAnI 1. u0 31.6; samavA0, samavAya 7. 2. u0 31.12; samavA0, samavAya 13. 3. u0 31.13; samavA0, samavAya 17. For Personal & Private Use Only

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460] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana .. ( aniyantraNa ) / asAvadhAnI hone para 'samiti' kA pAlana nahIM ho sakatA aura samiti kA pAlana na karane para pA~ca mahAvratoM kI rakSA nahIM ho sktii| ataH saba prakAra ke asaMyama kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| isake 17 prakAra ginAe gae haiM : 1.6. pRthivI, apa, teja, vAyu, vanaspati, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paJcendriyakAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA meM asAvadhAnI, 10. acetana vastuoM ke grahaNa karane meM asAvadhAnI, 11. ThIka se na dekhatA, 12. upekSApUrvaka vastrAdi kI pratilekhanA karanA, 1.3. avidhipUrvaka mUtrAdi kA tyAga karanA, 14. pAtrAdi kA ThIka se pramArjana na karanA, 15-17 mana, vacana aura kAya ko vaza meM na rakhakara hiMsAdi meM pravRtta honaa| BAHIFALT ' ( Causes of not concentrating ) - citta kI ekAgratA ko samAdhi (dhyAna ) kahA jAtA hai| ataH asamAdhisthAna kA artha hai-jisase citta meM ekAgratA kI prApti na ho| isake 20 sthAna ginAe gae haiM : 1. jaldI-jaldI calanA 2. rajoharaNa se mArga ko binA pramAjita kie calanA, 3. duSpramArjanA karake calanA, 4. adhika zayana karanA, 5. guru Adi se vivAda karanA, 6. guru Adi ko mArane kA vicAra karanA, 7. prANiyoM ke ghAta ke bhAva karanA, 8. pratikSaNa krodha karanA, 6. ( sAmAnya ) krodha karanA, 10. pizunatA karanA, 11. punaH punaH nizcayAtmaka bhASA bolanA, 12. navIna-navIna krodhAdi ko utpanna karanA, 13. zAnta hue krodhAdi ko puna: jAgrata karanA, 14. sacitta dhUli Adi se hAtha-paira ke bhare hue hone para bhI ayatnapUrvaka zayyA para jAnA, 15. nizcita samaya para svAdhyAya na karanA, 16. vyartha zabda karanA, 17. kleza karanA, 18. saMghabheda karanA, 16. rAtribhojana karanA aura 20. eSaNAsamiti kA pAlana na krnaa| zabaladoSa ( Forbidden actions )-sadAcAra ko malina karane meM kAraNa hone se inheM zabala doSa kahA gayA hai| yadyapi 1. u0 31.14; samavA0, samavAya 20. 2. u0 31.15. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 : sAdhvAcAra ke kucha anya jJAtavya tathya [461 krodhAdi kaSAya va asamAdhisthAna Adi bhI sadAcAra ko malina karane vAle haiM parantu yahAM para nimnokta 21 doSoM ko rUr3hi se zabala doSa kahA gayA hai : 1. hastamaithuna, 2. strIsparzapUrvaka maithuna, 3. rAtribhojana, 4. sAdhu ko nimitta karake banAe gae bhojana kA grahaNa, 5. rAjapiNDa lenA, 6. mola liyA huA AhAra lenA, 7. udhAra liyA huA AhAra lenA, 8. bAhara se upAzraya meM lAyA haA AhAra lenA, 6. nirbala se chInakara lAyA huA AhAra lenA, 10. tyAgI huI vastu ko vrata bhaMga karake bAra-bAra khAnA, 11. chaH mAha ke bhItara eka gaNa chor3a kara dUsare gaNa meM jAnA, 12. eka mAha meM tIna bAra jalapraveza tathA tIna bAra mAyAsthAnoM kA sevana, 13. hiMsA karanA, 14. jhUTha bolanA, 15. adatta kA grahaNa, 16. sacitta bhUmi para baiThanA, 17. sacitta raja yA ghunavAle kASTha Adi para baiThanA, 18. aNDe. Adi se yukta sthAna para baiThanA, 16. kandamUlAdi harita vanaspatiyoM ko khAnA, 20. eka varSa meM dasa bAra jalapraveza va dasa bAra mAyAsthAnoM kA sevana karanA aura 21. sacitta jala Adi se bhIge hue hastAdi ke dvArA die gae bhojana-pAna kA grahaNa krnaa| mohasthAna' ( Causes of delusion )-moha ke 30 sthAna ginAe gae haiM : 1. sAdi jIvoM ko pAnI meM DubAkara mAranA, 2. hAtha Adi se mukhAdi banda karake mAranA, 3. mastaka ko bAMdhakara mAranA, 4. zastra se prahAra karake mAranA, 5. zreSTha netA ko mAranA, 6 svAzrita rogI kA ilAja na karanA, 7. bhikSAdi ke lie Ae hue sAdhu ko mAranA, 8. mukti ke mArga meM sthita sAdhaka ko pathabhraSTa karanA, 6. dharmAdi kI nindA karanA, 10. AcArya Adi ke prati krodha karanA, 11. AcArya Adi kI samucita sevAdi na karanA, 12. puna: punaH vikathAoM kA prayoga karanA, 13. jAdUTonA Adi kI vidyAoM kA prayoga karanA, 14. viSayabhogoM kA tyAga karake punaH unakI prApti kI prArthanA karanA, 15. abahuzruta hone para bhI bAra-bAra apane ko bahuzruta kahanA, 16, tapasvI na hone para bhI svayaM ko tapasvI kahanA, 17. agni ke dhae~ 1. u0 31.16; zramaNasUtra, pR0 164. For Personal & Private Use Only

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462] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana meM dama ghoTakara mAranA, 18. svayaM pApa karake dUsare ke matthe mar3hanA, 16. chalAdipUrvaka ThaganA, 20. dUsare ko asatyavaktA kahanA, 21. dUsare ko kleza denA, 22. mArga meM logoM ke dhana ko lUTanA, 23. parastrI ko vizvAsa dekara guptarIti se anAcAra kA sevana karanA, 24. bAlabrahmacArI na hone para bhI bAlabrahmacArI kahanA, 25. brahmacArI na hone para bhI brahmacArI kahanA, 26. AzrayadAtA kA dhana curAnA, 27. jisake prabhAva se Upara uThA ho usake prabhAva meM vighna upasthita karanA, 28. nAyaka va zreSThi Adi kI hatyA karanA, 26. devadarzana na karane para bhI kahanA ki devadarzana karatA hU~ aura 30. devoM kI nindA krnaa| isa taraha ina saMjJAdi sabhI doSoM kI saMkhyA kA vibhAjana vaijJAnika nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki inameM hInAdhikatA saMbhava hai| pahale batalAe gae sAdhvAcAra-sambandhI doSoM se inheM sarvathA pRthak bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki ye ahiMsAdi vratoM ke hI ghAtaka haiN| adhyayanIya : adhyayanIya gAthAdi granthAdhyayana isa prakAra haiM : gAthA-SoDazaka' - 'sUtrakRtAGga' ke prathama bhAga ( zrutaskandha ) ke gAthA-adhyayana paryanta 16 adhyayana yahA~ gAthA-SoDazaka zabda se kahe gae haiN| yaha uttarAdhyayana se bhI prAcIna grantha hai| yAkobI ne uttarAdhyayana ke sAtha isakA bhI anuvAda kiyA hai / 2 / jJAtAdhyayana -yahA~ jJAtAdhyayana se jJAtadharmakathA ke prathama bhAga ke 16 adhyayana abhipreta haiM / inameM nItiprada kathAoM ke dvArA dharmopadeza diyA gayA hai| 1. 'gAthAbhidhAnamadhyayanaM SoDazaM yeSAM tAni gAthASoDazakAni' sUtrakRtAGgaprathamazrutaskandhAdhyayanAni tessu|| -u0 31.13 bhaavvijy-ttiikaa| gAhAe saha solasa ajjhayaNA tesu suttagaDapaDhamasutakkhaMdha ajjhayaNesu ityrthH| --uddhRta, zramaNasUtra, pR0 180. 2. dekhie-se* bu0 I0, bhAga 45. 3. u0 31.14; samavA0, samavAya 16. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 3 : sAdhvAcAra ke kucha anya jJAtavya tathya [463 . sUtrakRtAGga ke teIsa adhyayana' -yahA~ sUtrakRtAGga ke donoM bhAgoM ke 23 adhyayana abhISTa haiN| inameM gAthASoDazaka-sambandhI solaha adhyayana bhI sammilita haiN| ___ dazAdi uddeza -dazAzrutaskandha ke 10 uddeza, bRhatkalpa ke 6 uddeza aura vyavahArasUtra ke 10 uddeza yahA~ 'dazAdi' zabda se kahe gae haiN| prakalpa - sAdha ke AcAra kA pratipAdaka AcArAGgasUtra yahA~ 'prakalpa' zabda se kahA gayA hai| itanA vizeSa hai ki yahAM AcArAGgasUtra meM 'nizItha' ko bhI milA liyA gayA hai jo ki AcArAGga ke pariziSTa (cUlikA) ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'prakalpa' zabda kA ullekha 28 saMkhyA ke krama meM AyA hai jabaki AcArAGga meM kula 25 hI adhyayana haiM / ataH isa saMkhyA kI pUrti ke lie nizIthasUtra ko bhI le liyA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha nizIthasUtra bahuta vizAla hai aura kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai phira bhI sampUrNa nizItha ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake 28 kI saMkhyA pUrNa kI gaI hai| samavAyAGgasUtra meM 'AcAra-prakalpa' zabda AyA hai aura vahA~ usake anya prakAra se bheda kie gae haiN| - ina sabhI granthoM meM sAdhu ke jJAna, darzana aura cAritra se sambandhita dhArmika evaM dArzanika viSayoM kA hI vizeSarUpa se varNana kiyA gayA hai| dazAzrutaskandha Adi chedasUtroM meM mukhyarUpa se AcArAdi 1. u0 31.16; samavA0, samavAya 23. 2. u0 31.17; samavA0, samavAya 26. 3. 'prakRSTaH kalpo' yativyavahAro yatra sa prakalpaH, sa cehAcArAGgameva zAstraparijJAdyaSTAviMzatyadhyayanAtmakam / -u0 31.18 bhAvavijaya-TIkA AcAra prathamAGga tasya prakalpa: adhyayanavizeSa nizIthamityaparAbhidhAnam / AcArasya vA sAdhvAcArasya jJAnAdiviSayasya prakalpo vyavasthApanamiti AcAraprakalpaH / -uddhRta, zramaNasUtra, pR0 186. 4. samavA0,samavAya 28. For Personal & Private Use Only

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uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana . meM lage hue doSoM kI prAyazcitta-vidhi kA varNana hai| isa taraha ina granthoM ke adhyayana meM yatnavAn hone se upayukta cAritra malina nahIM hotA hai / ataH grantha meM sAdhu ko inake viSaya meM bhI yatnavAn rahane ko kahA gayA hai| isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki inakA hI adhyayana karanA cAhie, anya kA nahIM apitu etatsadRza anya granthoM kA bhI adhyayana karanA cAhie aura tadanukUla pravRtti bhI karanI caahie| For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 4 deza tathA nagara uttarAdhyayana ke vibhinna sthaloM meM kucha dezoM tathA nagaroM kA ullekha huA hai| ye deza tathA nagara bhaugolika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa tathA vicAraNIya bhI haiN| adhikAMza deza va nagara jo usa samaya bar3e samRddha the Aja khaNDahara mAtra raha gae haiN| kucha ke nAmoM meM parivartana ho gayA hai aura kucha kI ThIka-ThIka sthiti abhI bhI saMdigdha hai| kucha apanI prAcIna garimA ko Aja bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM lie hue haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM Ae hue dezoM va nagaroM kA paricaya akArAdi krama se isa prakAra hai : iSukAra nagara : yahAM ke rAjA kA nAma thA 'issukaar'| isakA prAkRta nAma 'usayAra' hai / niyuktikAra ne ise 'kuru' janapada kA eka nagara mAnA hai| rAjataraMgiNI meM bhI 'huzakapura' kA ullekha huA hai| saMbhavataH kazmIra kI ghATI meM vIhaTa nadI ke pUrvI kinAre para sthita 'huzakAra' ( usakAra ) nagara hI usa samaya kA iSukAra ( usuyAra ) rahA ho| 1. u0 14.1. 2. u0 ni0, gAthA 365. 3. uddhRta-u0 samI0, pR0 377-378. 4. uttarAdhyayana ke iSukAra AkhyAna se sAmya rakhane vAlI bauddha-jAtaka ( 506 ) kI eSukAra kathA meM eSukAra rAjA ko vArANasI kA rAjA batalAyA gayA hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki vArANasI yA usake AsapAsa kA pradeza iSukAra rahA hai| parantu aisI dhAraNA bhrAnta hai kyoMki iSukAra aura vArANasI eka nahIM haiM / iSukAra koI samRddha nagara rahA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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466 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana kamboja :' uttarAdhyayana meM kamboja ( kAmboja ) deza ke 'kanthaka' ghor3e se 'bahuzruta' kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ ke ghor3e usa samaya prasiddha rahe haiN| AcArya buddhaghoSa ne ise 'ghor3oM kA ghara' kahA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI isI taraha kA ullekha milatA hai| yaha aphagAnistAna ke Asa-pAsa (kazmIra meM) himAlaya aura sindhu nadI ke bIca ( gAndhAra ke pazcima pradeza ) kA janapadaM thaa| isa taraha yaha pazcimottara bhAratakhaNDa kA eka janapada rahA hai| bauddha sAhitya ke solaha mahAjanapadoM meM isakA ullekha hai tathA isakI rAjadhAnI dvArakA batalAI gaI hai parantu jaina-sUtroM meM ullikhita solaha janapadoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai| kaliGga: karakaNDU yahAM kA rAjA thaa| vartamAna ur3IsA kA dakSiNI bhAga kaliGga kahA gayA hai| jaina ' granthoM meM ullikhita 1. u011.16. 2. sumaMgalavilAsinI, bhAga 1, pR0 124. 3. dekhie-mahAbhArata nAmAnukramaNikA, pR0 63, 4, bauddha sAhitya meM ullikhita solaha mahAjanapada ye haiM : 1. aMga, 2 magadha, 3. kAsI, 4. kosala, 5. vajji, 6. malla, 7. ceti, 8. vaMsa, 6. kuru, 10. paMcAla, 11. maccha, 12. sUrasena, 13. assaka, 14. avaMti, 15. gaMdhAra aura 16. kamboja / jaina-sUtroM meM ullikhita solaha janapada ye haiM : 1. magadha, 2. aMga, 3. baMga, 4. malaya, 5. mAlavaya, 6. accha, 7. vaccha, 8. koccha, 6. pADha, 10. lADha, 11. vajji, 12. moli ( malla ), 13. kAsI, 14. kosala, 15. avAha, 16. saMbhuttara ( suhmottara ) / dekhie-jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 460, phuTanoTa 1; buddhisTa iNDiyA, pR0 17, 21. 5. u0 18.45. For Personal & Private Use Only

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pariziSTa 4 : deza tathA nagara [ 467 sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM meM isakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai parantu bauddha granthoM meM ullikhita solaha mahAjanapadoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM huA hai / jaina sUtroM ke anusAra isakI rAjadhAnI kAMcanapura (bhuvanezvara ) thii| isa janapada kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa sthAna 'purI' ( jagannAthapurI ) thA / 2 u kAmpilya nagara : yahAM kA rAjA brahmadatta cakravartI thA / saMjaya rAjA ne bhI yahIM para zAsana kiyA thA / uttara pradeza ke pharrukhAbAda jile meM kAyamagaMja sTezana ( hAtharasa ke pAsa ) se 8 mIla dUra gaMgA ke 1. sADhe paccIsa Aryadeza va unakI rAjadhAniyAM isa prakAra haiM : rAjadhAnI kAMpilyapura tAmralipta pApA ( pAvApurI) janapada aMga kaliGga kAzI kuNAla ( uttara kozala ) kuzA kuru keka. ( a ) ( zrAvastI se pUrva-nepAla kI tarAI meM) kozala cedi jAMgala dazArNa rAjadhAnI campA kAMcanapura vArANasI zrAvastI soriya (zauryapura) gajapura (hastinApura) zvetikA ra zuktimatI ahicchatrA mRttikAvatI uddhRta - jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 459. janapada pAMcAla baMga bhaMgi magadha matsya malaya bhadrapura lADha koTivarSa. vatsa kauzAmbI vaTTA mAsapurI varaNA acchA videha mithilA zANDilya nandipura zUrasena siMdhu- sauvIra saurASTra rAjagRha For Personal & Private Use Only vairATa 2. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 466. 3. u0 13.2; 18.1. 4. mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva ( 136. 5 ) meM bhI aisA ullekha milatA hai / dekhie - mahA0 nA0, pR0 63. mathurA vItibhayapaTTana dvAravatI (dvArakA)

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468] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana samIpa sthita 'kAMpila' gAMva se isakI pahacAna kI jAtI hai| yaha dakSiNa pAJcAla kI rAjadhAnI thii| mahAbhArata ke anusAra yahAM ke rAjA drapada the|' yaha jainiyoM kA tIrthakSetra hai kyoMki yahAM para 13veM tIrthaGkara 'vimalanAtha' ke cAra kalyANakara (atizaya) hue the| kAzI : yahAM kI bhUmi meM hI citta aura saMbhUta nAma ke do cANDAla hue the| yahAM ke rAjA kAzIrAja kA bhI uttarAdhyayana meM ullekha milatA hai| isa janapada kI rAjadhAnI vArANasI thii| jaina-bauddha donoM ke sAhitya meM isakA samAnarUpa se ullekha milatA hai| isameM vArANasI, mirjApura, gAjIpura, jaunapura aura Ajamagar3ha jile kA bhUbhAga AtA thaa| isake pUrva meM magadha, pazcima meM vatsa, uttara meM kozala aura dakSiNa meM sona nadI kA bhUbhAga thaa| kAzI aura kozala janapada kI sImAoM meM yadAkadA heraphera bhI hotA rahatA thaa| kozala : isakA prAcIna nAma 'vinItA' thaa| vividha vidyAoM meM kuzalatA prApta karane ke kAraNa ise 'kuzalA' ( kozala ) kahane lage the| uttarAdhyayana meM kozalarAja kI putrI 'bhadrA' kA ullekha AyA hai| bauddha sAhitya ke anusAra isa janapada kI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI thii| isameM lakhanaU, ayodhyA Adi nagara Ate the| jaina sAhitya ke anusAra kozala ( kozalapura-avadha ) kI rAjadhAnI 'sAketa' ( ayodhyA ) thii| kaniMghama ne AyupurANa aura ratnAvalI ke AdhAra se isakI sthiti dakSiNa bhArata meM nAgapura ke AsapAsa mAnI hai| 1. vhii| 2. jaina tIrthaGkaroM ke pAMca kalyANaka mAne jAte haiN| unake kramazaH nAma ye haiM : 1. garbha, 2. janma, 3. tapa, 4. jJAna aura 5. mokSa / 3. u0 13.6; 18.48. 4. u0 samI0, pR0 376. 5. u0 12.20,22. 6. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0, 468-69. 7. Ancient Geography of India, p. 438. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #525
pariziSTa 4 / deza tathA nagara [ 466 kauzAmbI : yaha jainoM kA pramukha kendra thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM ise 'purANapurabhedinI' kahA gayA hai / 'anAthI' muni ke pitA 'prabhUtadhanasaJcaya' yahIM para rahate the| uttara pradeza meM ilAhAvAda-kAnapura relave lAina para 'bharavArI' sTezana se 20-25 mIla dUra ( prayAga se 32 mIla dUra ) 'phaphosA' gAMva hai| yahAM se 4 mIla dUra 'kuzaMvA' ( kosama ) gAMva hai| isase kauzAmbI kI pahicAna kI jAtI hai| ise chaThe tIrthaGkara padmaprabha kA janmasthAna bhI mAnA jAtA hai| kaniMghama ne ise bauddha aura brAhmaNoM kA kendra mAnA hai| yaha 'vatsa' janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| gAndhAra: yahAM ke rAjA kA nAma thA 'nggti'| isameM pazcimI paMjAba aura pUrvI aphagAnistAna sammilita thaa| svAta se jhelama nadI ke madhya kA pradeza isa janapada meM AtA thaa| mahAbhArata kI nAmAnakramaNikA meM isakI sImA sindha aura kunara nadI se lekara kAbula nadI taka tathA pezAvara va multAna pradeza taka batalAI hai|5 jaina sAhitya meM isakI rAjadhAnI 'puNDravardhana' (pUrvIya baMgAla) batalAI gaI hai aura bauddha sAhitya meM 'tkssshilaa'| AcArya tulasI ne likhA hai ki uttarApatha kA yaha prathama janapada thaa| campA : yaha banija vyApAra kA bar3A kendra thaa| yahAM ke vyApArI mithilA, pihaNDa Adi sthAnoM para vyApArArtha jAte the| pAlita vaNika aura usakA putra samudrapAla yahIM rahate the| yaha aMga janapada ( jilA bhAgalapura ) kI rAjadhAnI thii| isakI pahacAna bihAra 1. u0 20.18. 2. Ancient Geography of India, p. 330. .3. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 475. 4. u0 18.45. 5. mahA0 nA0, pR0 101. 6. u0 samI0, pR0 378. 7. u0 21.1,5. 8. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 465. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #526
500 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana prAnta meM bhAgalapura sTezana se 24 mIla pUrva meM sthita campApura ( campAnagara ) ke AsapAsa ke pradeza se kI jAtI hai / yaha jainiyoM kA tIrthasthAna bhI hai kyoMki yahAM se bArahaveM tIrthaGkara vAsupUjya mokSa gae the 1 dazArNa : ' yahAM kA rAjA 'dazArNabhadra' thA / citta aura sambhUta nAma ke jIva pUrvabhava meM dAsarUpa meM yahIM paidA hue the / kAlidAsa ne dazArNa janapada kI rAjadhAnI 'vidizA' ( bhelasA ) batalAI hai| jaina aura bauddha donoM ke sAhitya meM isa janapada kA ullekha milatA hai / isakI pahacAna madhyapradeza kI dhasAna nadI ke Asa-pAsa ke pradeza se kI jAtI hai / dazArNa nAma ke do janapada milate haiM : 1. pUrva dazArNa ( madhyapradeza ke chattIsagar3ha jile meM ) aura 2. pazcima dazArNa ( bhopAla va pUrvamAlava kA pradeza ) 13 jaina granthoM ke anusAra isakI rAjadhAnI mRttikAvatI ( mAlavA meM banAsa nadI ke pAsa ) thI / dazArNapura aura dazapura ( maMdasaura ) isa janapada ke pramukha nagara the / dvArakA : bhogarAja ( ugrasena ) yahAM ke rAjA the / yahAM se raivataka parvata pAsa meM hI thA / isIlie ariSTanemi ne dIkSA lekara raivataka parvata para kezaluna kiyA thaa| yaha saurASTra ( kAThiyAvAr3a ) janapada kI rAjadhAnI mAnI jAtI hai / Ara0 DeviDsa ne ise kamboja janapada kI rAjadhAnI batalAyA hai / 5 rAjImatI - nemi AkhyAna se pratIta hotA hai ki andhakavRSNi, kRSNa, dazArha Adi isI ke Asa-pAsa rahane vAle the / uttarAdhyayana ke pAzvAla : uttarAdhyayana meM yahAM ke do rAjAoM kA ullekha milatA hai1. brahmadatta cakravartI aura 2. dvirmukha / yaha janapada kurukSetra 1. u0 13.6; 15.44. 3. u0 samI0, pR0 376. 5. buddhisTa iNDiyA, pR0 21. 2. meghadUta, zloka 23-24. 4. u0 22.22, 27. 6. u0 13.26; 18.45. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #527
pariziSTa 4 : deza tathA nagara ke pazcima va uttara meM thaa| isakI sImA meM vadAyaM, eTA, mainapurI, pharrukhAbAda aura usake Asa-pAsa ke pradeza Ate the| gaMgA nadI ke kAraNa pAMcAla do bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA-dakSiNa aura uttara / mahAbhArata ke anusAra dakSiNa pAMcAla kI rAjadhAnI kAmpilya thI aura uttara pAMcAla kI ahicchtraa| mahAbhArata meM pAMcAla kA kaI sthAnoM para ullekha huA hai / pAMcAla meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa rAjA drupada kI putrI draupadI 'pAMcAlI' kahalAtI thii| pihuNDa nagara :2 campA nagarI kA pAlita vaNik jalapota se samudra pAra karake isa nagara meM vyApAra ke lie AyA thA aura yahAM zAdI karake apane deza lauTa gayA thaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha bhArata ke samIpavartI samudra ke kinAre kA koI pradeza rahA hai| zAnTiyara ne ise varmA kA koI taTavartI pradeza mAnA hai| isa nagara kI sthiti ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai|4 DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina ne ise cikAkola aura kaliMgapaTTama kA eka pradeza mAnA hai|" purimatAla nagara : ___citta muni isI nagara meM paidA hue the| hemacandra ne ise ayodhyA kA zreSTha zAkhAnagara mAnA hai|' DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne isakI sthiti kAzI-kozala ke bIca mAnI hai| magadha : rAjA zreNika yahAM kA rAjA thaa| dakSiNa bihAra arthAt bihAra prAnta ke gayA aura paTanA jiloM ke bhUbhAga ko magadha janapada kahA gayA hai| isake uttara meM gaMgA, pazcima meM sona nadI, dakSiNa meM 1. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 470. 2. u0 21.6. 3. u0 zA0, pR0 357. 4. dekhie-u0 samI0, pR0 381. 5, jai0 bhA0 sa0, 465. 6. u0 13.2. 7. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 1.3.386. 8, AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, pR0 86-60. 9. u0 20.1. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #528
502 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana vindhyAcala parvata tathA pUrva meM campA nadI thii| Ara0 DeviDsa ne likhA hai ki bhagavAna buddha ke samaya isa janapada meM 80 hajAra gAMva the aura kSetraphala karIba 2300 mIla thaa|' I0 pU0 6ThI zatAbdI meM yaha janapada jainiyoM aura bauddhoM kA pramukha kendra thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha ( rAjagira ) thii| magadha kI dUsarI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra ( paTanA ) thii| mithilA : yahAM para hI rAjarSi nami kI pravrajyA ke samaya indra ke sAtha . saMvAda huA thaa| yaha eka samRddha evaM khuzahAla nagarI thii| ataH indra ne mithilA meM kuharAma dekhakara rAjarSi nami se isakA kAraNa pUchA thaa| yaha videha janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| yahAM 16 veM mallinAtha aura 21 veM naminAtha tIrthaGkara kA janma huA thaa| bihAra prAnta meM mujaphpharapura aura darabhaMgA jile kI nepAla sImA ke pAsa sthita janakapura ko mithilA kahA jAtA hai / Ara0 DeviDsa ne isakI pahacAna 'tirahuta' ( tIrahuta ) se kI hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki mithilA zabda kA prayoga janapada aura rAjadhAnI donoM ke lie huA hai| isIlie videharAja kI putrI vaidehI ( sItA ) 'maithilI' kahalAtI thii| vANArasI ( vArANasI ) :6 ___ yahAM jayaghoSa aura vijayaghoSa kA saMvAda huA thaa| yaha kAzI janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| Aja bhI ise kAzI, banArasa aura vArANasI kahate haiN| yahAM 7 veM supArzvanAtha aura 23 veM pArzvanAtha tIrthaGkara kA janma huA thaa| 'varuNA' aura 'asi' nAma kI do nadiyoM ke bIca avasthita hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma vArANasI pdd'aa| vArANasI gaMgA nadI ke vAma taTabhAga meM dhanuSAkAra rUpa se avasthita hai| jaina, bauddha aura hinduoM kA yaha pavitra tIrthasthala hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra yahAM prANotsarga karane vAle ko mokSa milatA 1. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 462. 2. buddhisTa iNDiyA, pR0 17. 3. u0 6.4-14. 4. buddhisTa iNDiyA, pR. 27. 5. mahA0 nA0, pR0 256. 6. u0 25. 2-3. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #529
pariziSTa 4 : deza tathA nagara [ 503 hai / rAjA divodAsa ne indra kI AjJA se isakA nirmANa kiyA thA aura bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne ise jalAyA thA / ' videha : isa janapada kA rAjA nami thA / isakI rAjadhAnI mithilA thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi videha hI thI / isakI pahacAna 'tirahuta' hai / yaha pUrvottara bhArata kA eka samRddha janapada thA / isakI sImA uttara meM himAlaya, dakSiNa meM gaMgA, pazcima meM gaMDakI aura pUrva meM mahI nadI taka thI / vaizAlI ( jilA mujaphpharapura ) videha kI dUsarI mahattvapUrNa rAjadhAnI thii| zauryapura : " yahAM vasudeva aura samudravijaya rAjya karate the / uttara pradeza meM AgarA ke pAsa ( mainapurI jile meM ) zikohAbAda nAmaka sthAna se 10 - 12 mIla dUra yamunA nadI ke kinAre vaTezvara gAMva hai| isa baTezvara gAMva ke pAsa hI eka 'sUryapura' gAMva hai jisase isa 'zaurya pura' kI pahacAna kI jAtI hai / yaha kuzArta janapada kI rAjadhAnI thI / yahAM Aja bhI vizAla maMdira hai / kRSNa aura unake cacere bhAI ariSTanemi ( 22 veM tIrthaMGkara ) kI yaha janmabhUmi thI / zrAvastI : yahAM kezi-gautama saMvAda huA thaa| yahAM usa samaya do bar3e - bar3e udyAna the jinake nAma the : 1. koSThaka aura tinduka | uttarapradeza meM baharAica se 26 mIla dUra ( phaijAbAda se goMDA roDa para 21 mIla dUra balarAmapura hai aura balarAmapura se 10 mIla dUra ) para eka 'saheTa-maheTa' (seTa meMTa ) gAMva hai| usase zrAvastI kI pahacAna kI jAtI hai| Aja bhI yahAM usa samaya ke khaNDahara maujUda haiN| ise tIsare tIrthaGkara saMbhavanAtha kI janmabhUmi mAnA jAtA hai / jaina granthoM ke anusAra kuNAla (uttara kozala ) janapada kI yaha rAjadhAnI thI / 1. mahA0 nA0, pR0 304. 3. u0 samI0, pR0 371. 5. u0 22.1. 2. u0 18.45. 4. jai0 bhA0 sa0, pR0 474. 6. u0 23.3. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #530
504 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana sugrIva nagara : ___ isake viSaya meM nizcitarUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| rAjA balabhadra aura usakA putra 'balazrI' ( mRgAputra ) yahIM rahate the| yaha nagara ramaNIka tathA vana va upavanoM (udyAnoM) se suzobhita bhI thaa| sauvIra :2 prAcIna samaya meM sindhu-sauvIra eka prasiddha janapada thaa| yahAM kA rAjA udAyana thaa| 'sindhu-sauvIra' yaha saMyukta nAma hI pracalita hai| AdipurANa meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai| sauvIra janapada sindhu nadI aura jhelama nadI ke madhya kA bhUbhAga rahA hai| abhayadeva ke anusAra sindhu nadI ke pAsa hone ke kAraNa sauvIra (sindha) ko sindha-sauvIra kahA jAtA thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI jaina granthoM ke anusAra vItibhayapaTTana thI / bauddhagranthoM meM sindhu aura sauvIra ko alagaalaga mAnakara sauvIra kI rAjadhAnI 'roruka' batalAI gaI hai / . hastinApura : brahmadatta cakravartI ke pUrvabhava ke ( saMbhUta ke ) jIva ne yahIM para nidAnabandha kiyA thA jisake prabhAva se vaha agale bhava meM vastusthiti ko jAnakara bhI viSayabhogoM ko nahIM tyAga sakA thaa| meraTha se 22 mIla ( uttara-pUrva meM ) dUra sthita hastinApura gAMva se isakI pahacAna kI jAtI hai| jainiyoM kA yaha tIrthakSetra hai| yaha kuru janapada kI prasiddha rAjadhAnI thii| yahAM 16veM, 17veM aura 18veM tIrthaGkara ke cAra-cAra kalyANaka hue the / AdipurANa meM ise gajapura kahA gayA hai|6 mahAbhArata ke anusAra yaha kauravoM kI rAjadhAnI thI aura kisI samaya yahA~ rAjA zAntanu rAjya karate the| suhotra ke putra rAjA hastI ne ise basAyA thaa| ataH isakA nAma hastinApura ( hastipura ) pdd'aa| 1. u0 16.1. 2. u018.48. 3. AdipurANa, 16.155, 4. jai0bhA0sa0, pR0 482. 5. u0 13.1. 6. AdipurANa, 47.128. 7. mahA0 nA0, pR0 404. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #531
sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI mUlagrantha aMgapaNNatticUlikA-mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, bambaI. aTThazAlinI-saMpA0 pI0 vhI. bApTe aura Ara0 DI0 vADekara pUnA, 1642. abhidharmakoza-A0 vasubandhu-vidyApITha saMskRta granthamAlA, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 1988. arthasaMgraha- laugAkSI bhAskara- bambaI, 1630. anuyogadvAra ( maladhArI hemacandra kRta vRtti sahita )-Agamodaya samiti, sUrata, 1624. AcArAGga (AtmArAmakRta hindI TIkA sahita )-jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA, paMjAba, 1963-64. AcArAGgavRtti-zIlAGkAcArya-siddhacakra sAhitya samiti, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1661. AtmAnuzAsana-guNabhadra -jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, ciragAMva, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1686. AdipurANa-puSpadanta-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, vi0 saM0 2000. Avazyakaniyukti-( dIpikA TIkA sahita )-bhadrabAhu jaina grantha mAlA, gopIpurA, sUrata, 1636. * AvazyakasUtra ( malayagiri TIkA sahita )-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1628-1936. uttarAdhyayanacUNi-jinadAsagaNimahattara-jainabandhu mudraNAlaya, 1633. uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( AtmArAmakRta hindI TIkA sahita )-jaina ___ zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, 1636-42. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (ghAsIlAlakRta saMskRta-hindI-gujarAtI TIkA sahita) - -jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1956-61. For Personal & Private Use Only

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506 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( nemicandrakRta sukhabodhA vRtti sahita ) Atmavallabha granthAvalI, balAda, ahamadAbAda, 1637. uttarAdhyayanasUtra-anu0 muni saubhAgyacandra santabAla-zve0 sthA0 jaina kAnpharensa, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1962. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (bhadrabAhukRta niyukti, zAntisUrikRta ziSyahitA. bRhadvRtti TIkA sahita )-devacandra lAlabhAI ___ jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI 1916-17. uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( bhAvavijayagaNikRta vRtti sahita )-vinayabhakti sundara caraNa granthamAlA, veNapa, vi0 saM0.1697. uttarAdhyayanasUtra bhAga 1 (AcArya tulasIkRta.hindI TIkA sahita) jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1667. upAsakadazAGga-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1920.. Rgaveda-prakA0 zrIpAda sAtavalekara-bhArata mudraNAlaya, aundhanagara, 1640. oghaniyukti ( droNAcAryakRta vRtti sahita )-Agamodaya samiti, , mehasAnA, 1616. karmaprakRti-nemicandrAcArya-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1964. kalpasUtra-jainapustakoddhAra phaNDa- sUrata, vi0 saM0 1967. kASAyapAhuDa bhAga 1 (jayadhavalA TIkA sahita)-A0guNadhara-saMpA0 paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI, bhA0 di0 jainasaMgha, mathurA, 1944. gItA ( bhagavadgItA )-saMpA0 kRSNapaMta zAstrI - acyuta granthamAlA __kAryAlaya, kAzI, vi0 saM0 1968. gommaTasAra karmakANDa-nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI-rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, 1628. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa (saMskRta TIkA sahita)-prakA0 gAMdhI harIbhAI devakaraNa jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA. candraprajJapti ( amolaka RSikRta hindI anuvAda sahita ) - haidarAbAda, vI. ni0 saM0 2445. chAndogyopaniSada-A0 zaMkara-gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi0saM0 2013. jAtaka - saMpA0 bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana-hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, buddhAbda 2485. For Personal & Private Use Only

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sahAyaka graMtha sUcI [ 507 jIvAbhigamasUtra ( amolaka RSikRta hindI TIkA sahita ) - haidarAbAda, vI0 ni0 saM0 2445. jainadharma varastotra - bhAvaprabhasUri - devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, 1633. jJAtAdharmakathA - anu0 amolaka RSi - haidarAbAda, vI0 ni0 saM0 2446. tattvArtha rAjavArtika ( tattvArtha vArtika) - akalaMka deva - mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1653, 1657. tattvArtha sUtra - umAsvAti - - anu0 kailAzacandra, bhA0 di0 jainasaMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, vI0 ni0 saM0, 2477. tattvArtha sUtra - anu0 sukhalAla saMghavI - jainasaMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI, 1652. tarka saMgraha - annaMbhaTTa - haridAsa saMskRta granthamAlA, caukhambA, vArANasI 1643. trilokaprajJapti - yativRSabhAcArya jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1943, 1651. triSaSTizalA kApuruSacaritra - hemacandrasUri - jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, baMbaI, vi0 saM0 1965. varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, 1666. dazakAlika ( AtmArAmakRta hindI TIkA sahita ) - mahendragar3ha vi0 saM0 1986. dazavekAlika tathA uttarAdhyayana- saMpA0 AcArya tulasI - jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 2023. dazavekAlika niyukti - bhadrabAhu - devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bhaNDAgAra, bambaI, 1918. dazAzrutaskandha ( AtmArAmakRta TIkA sahita ) - jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, 1936. dhammapada - saMpA0 avadhakizora nArAyaNa mahAbodhi granthamAlA, vi0 saM0 1665. - dravyasaMgraha - nemicandra - gaNezaprasAda nandIsUtra - ghAsIlAla - jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1658. , For Personal & Private Use Only

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508] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana nyAyakumudacandra-prabhAcandra-saMpA. mahendra kumAra, mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA, giragAMva, bambaI. 1941. nyAyadIpikA-abhinava dharmabhUSaNa yati-saMpA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, vIra sevA maMdira, dillI, 1968. navapadArtha-AcArya bhikSu-anu0 zrIcandra rAmapuriyA, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1961. niyamasAra-kundakunda-jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1916. paMcAstikAya-kundakunda-rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, vI0 ni0 saM0 2441. pAiasahamahaNNavo-paM0 haragovindadAsa trikama canda seTha-prAkRta __grantha pariSada, vArANasI, 1963. pAtaJjala yogadarzana ( tattvavaizAradI tathA vyAsabhASya sahita ) saMpA0 rAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1663. prajJApanA sUtra ( vRtti sahita )-zyAmAcArya-Agamodaya samiti, mehasAnA, 1618. prabhAvakacarita-candraprabhasUri-nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1906. pramANamImAMsA-hemacandra-siMghI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, 1636. pramANavAtika ( sabhASya )-saMpA0 rAhala sAMkRtyAyana, kAzIprasAda ... jAyasavAla anuzIlana saMsthA, pATaliputra, vi0 saM0 2010. pravacanasAra-kundakunda-rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI, 1635. praznavyAkaraNa-Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1916. piNDaniyukti (malayagirikRta vRtti sahita)-devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI, 1918. puruSArthasiddhayupAya-amRtacandrasUri-rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2431. bRhadkalpasUtra-jIvarAja ghelAbhAI dozI, ahamadAbAda, 1615. . buddha caryA-rAhula-sAMkRtyAyana- bhAratIya saMskRti granthamAlA, kAzI, vi0 saM0 1988. bhagavatIsUtra-dekhie-vyAkhyAprajJapti / bhartRharizatakatrayam ( vairAgyazataka )-bhartRhari-bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1646. For Personal & Private Use Only

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sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI [ 506 manusmRti-nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1946. mahAbhArata (zAnti parva)-maharSi vedavyAsa-gItA presa, gorakhapura. mUlAcAra-vaTTa kera-mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1977. mUla sUtrANi-saMpA0 kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala'-gurukula priMTiMga presa, vyAvara, vi0 saM0 2010. meghadUta-kAlidAsa-nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1926. mokSazAstra (tattvArthasUtra)-anu0 50 phUlacandra zAstrI-gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2476. yazastila kacampU-somadevasUri-nirgaya sAgara presa, bambaI, yogazAstra ( svopajJavRtti sahita )-esiyATika sosAyaTI, baMgAla, 1621. lagha dravyasaMgraha-dekhie-dravyasaMgraha. vizuddhimagga-A0 buddha ghoSaM-mahAbodhisabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, 1956-1657. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa-jaina sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda, 1937. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-TIkA-maladhArI hemacandra-yazovijaya, jaina . granthamAlA, vI0 ni0 saM0 2436. vedAntasAra-sadAnanda-vidyAbhavana saMskRta granthamAlA, caukhambA, vArANasI, 1954. vyavahArasUtra ( niyukti tathA bhASya sahita )-kezavalAla premacandra, ___ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1982-85. vyavahArabhASya-saMzodhaka muni mANaka-prakA0 kezavalAla premacandra, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1664. vyAkhyAprajJapti ( bhagavatI sUtra-abhayadevakRta vRtti sahita ) Amamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1618-1921. zvetAzvataropaniSad-harinArAyaNa ApTe, AnandAzrama saMskRta grantha mAlA, 1605. SaTkhaNDAgama ( pustaka 1 dhavalATIkA sahita)--puSpadaMta bhUtabali saMpA0 hIrAlAla jaina, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI, barAra, 1636. For Personal & Private Use Only

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510] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana SaTkhaNDAgama ( pustaka 6 )-vahI, 1946. SaDdarzanasamuccaya (guNaratnasUrikRta TIkA sahita)-haribhadrasUri bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1974. samavAyAGga-anu0 muni ghAsIlAla-a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA0 jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1962. samIcIna dharmazAstra-samantabhadra-anu0 jUgala kizora mukhtAra, __vIra sevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI 1955. sarvArthasiddhi-pUjyapAda devanaMdI-mANikacandra di. jaina parIkSAlaya, bambaI,. 1636 sAMkhyakArikA-IzvarakRSNa-prakA0 paM0 nArAyaNa mUlajI pusta kAlaya, bambaI, 1626. sAgAradharmAmRta-paM0 AzAdhAra-anu0 mohanalAla jaina zAstrI, sarala jaina grantha bhaNDAra, jabalapura, vI0 ni0 saM0 2482-2486. suttanipAta-saMpA0 pI0 vhI. bApTe-vizvabhAratI zAntiniketana, 1624. sUtrakRtAGga ( niyukti sahita )- Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1917. sthAnAGga ( abhayadevakRta vRtti sahita )-mANekalAla cunnIlAla, ahamadAbAda, 1637. syAdvAdamaJjarI-malliSeNa-vidyA vilAsa presa, banArasa, 1600. harivaMzapurANa-jinasena-saMpA0 pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAna pITha, kAzI, 1962. nibandha-grantha ( hindI ) AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata--DA0 nemicandra zAstrI __ gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1968. uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana-AcArya tulasI-zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1968. chahaDhAlA-paM0 daulatarAma-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, sAgara, 1965. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja-DA. jagadIzacandra jaina caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1965. For Personal & Private Use Only

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sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI [ 511 jaina AcAra - DA0 mohanalAla mehatA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1966. jainadarzana- mahendrakumAra jaina - gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, 1656. jaina darzana- - DA0 mohanalAla mehatA - sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1656. jainadharma - paM0 kailAzacandra - bhA0 di0 jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA, 1655. jainabhAratI - mAsika patrikA, varSa 7, aMka 33. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrvapIThikA - paM0 kailAzacandra - gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2486. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ( bhAga 1 ) - paM0 becaradAsa dozIpArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1966. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa ( bhAga 2 ) - DA0 jagadIzacandra - pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1966. tatvasamuccaya - DA0 hIrAlAla jaina-bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, vardhA, 1652. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa - DA0 nemicandra zAstrI - tArA pablikezansa, vArANasI, 1966. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa - DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina - caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1661. pAzcAtya darzana - candradhara zarmA - bhArgava buka Dipo, banArasa, 1954. buddhacaryA - rAhula sAMkRtyAyana - zivaprasAda gupta sevA upavana, kAzI, vi0 saM0 1988. bauddhadarzana - baladeva upAdhyAya - zAradA mandira prakAzana, kAzI, 1646. bhAratIya darzana - baladeva upAdhyAya - zAradA mandira, vArANasI, 1960. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna - DA0 hIrAlAla jaina - madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, 1962mahAbhArata kI nAmAnukramaNikA - gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi0 sa0 2016. zramaNa ( mAsika patra ) - saMpA0 kRSNacandrAcArya- pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI - 5 zramaNa sUtra - muni amaracandra - sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, vi0 saM0 2007. For Personal & Private Use Only

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512] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra ! eka parizIlana faasa Trg ( xiqat ) Ancient Geography of India -- A. Cunningham Indological Book House, Varanasi, 1963. Buddhist India-T. W. R. Davids--Pub. Susil Gupta, Calcutta, 1950. Corporate Life in Ancient India -R. C. Maju mdar-Oriental Book Agency, Poona, 1922. Doctrine of the Jainas-W. Schubring-Trans. W.G. Beurlen, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi, 1962. History of the Canonical Literature of the Jaidas-H. R. Kapadia-Pub. Hiralal Rasikdas Kapadia, Gopipura, Surat, 1941. History of Indian Literature (Vol-II)-M. Win ternitz-University of Calcutta, 1933. Indian Philosophy ( Volume-I )-Dr. S. Radha krishnan-1929. Jaina Yoga-R. Williams-London Oriental Series, 1963. Jinaratna Kosa ( Vol-I )-H. D. Velankar Government Oriental Series, Poona, 1944. Pali English Dictionary-R. Davids--Pali Text Society, London, 1921. Sacred Books of the East (Vol. XLV-Uttara dhyayana Sutra-Translation by Hermann Jacobi ) -Ed. E. Maxmuller, Oxford, 1895. Sumangalavilasini ( Part I-Buddhaghosa's Commentary on the Dighanikaya) - Ed. T.W. Rhys Davids and J. Estlin Carpenter, London 1886. Uttaradhyayana-Sutra--E. Jarl Charpentier Uppsala, 1922. For Personal & Private Use Only

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anukrarmANakA aMkuza aMga 1,5,208 1 70 zabda pRSThAMka zabda pRSThAMka ajara 426 ajitadevasUri 46 ajIva 176,180 ajIva-dravya aMgapraviSTa aMgabAhya ajJAna 144,358 . 1,5,208 ajJAnavAdI 430 aMjalikaraNa 225,345 aNu aMtaradvIpa 58,60 adattacitta 268 aMtarAya 154,161 addhAsamaya 80 aMdhakavRSNi 474 adharma 63,74,166 adharmadravya .aka... 58,56 62,76 adholoka 55,60 aka... adhyayana akAmA 38,308,346 17,366,367 anaMga akAlamaraNa 117 akiMcana anaMtAnubaMdhI 278 156 akriya gadI anagAra 430 agaMdhana 366 anavasthApanA anazana agnikAyika 332 anAtha agnikumAra 133,473 agnihotra 407 anAthapravrajyA aghAtiyA 154 anAthI 20,62,246,456, acetana 61,63 anAthI muni 133,473 acela 21,255,354,431 anApAta-asaMloka 266 .acaurya-mahAvrata 261, anApAta-saMloka 266 - acyuta 114 anArya 361,362 24 777 For Personal & Private Use Only

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514 ] zabda anivAryatAvAda anukaMpA anuttara anuttaragati anuprekSA anubhAga anumAna anuyoga anuyogadvAra anekarUpadhUnA apaMDita aparAjita aparikarma aparigraha aparigraha- mahAvrata aparyAptaka apunarAvRtta apunarAvRttipada apakAyikajIva apratyAkhyAnAvaraNI apramAda abAla abhayadevasUri abhigamaruci abhigraha _abhinibodha abhiyoga-bhAvanA uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana pRSThAMka zabda 153 amUDhadRSTi 168,235 5 114 ara 376 arati 160,355 347 arahanAtha .473 164 ariSTanemi 21,186,246, 250, 210 261,404,410,411, 10,306 arUpI 268 artha 228 114 364 281 278 ayogakevalI alpa- pAzabaddha alpa saMsArI 1 avadhijJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNa 377 186 avadhidarzanAvaraNa alAbha aloka alokAkAza 66 156 23 avicAra 337 210 365 abhyutthAna 225,307,344 amara amaradevasUri 238 avinaya 205 avinIta amodarya avasarpiNI 203 avyAbAdha azarIrI asaMyata asaMyama asaMskRta asamAdhisthAna asAtAvedanIya 116 46 pRSThAka 200 388 473 For Personal & Private Use Only 467,474 63 183 357 53, 55 55,76 387 387 208, 212 155 156 334 170 .364 225 218 378 88 236 486 17 460 157

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zabda asAvadhAnatA asi asurakumAra astikAya ahaMkAra ahamiMdra afgar ahiMsA - mahAvrata AkAza AkAzadravya Akroza Agama AcArAMga AcArAMga sUtra AcArya AjJAruci Atapa Atmavasati Atmahanana AtmA A AtmAnuzAsana AdAna-nikSepasamiti AdinAtha Anata ApAta asaM loka ApAta -saMloka ApRcchana anukramaNikA [ 515 pRSThAMka pRSThAMka zabda 224 AbhinibodhikajJAnAvaraNa 154 426 AbhyaMtara- tapa 342 111 AmoSa 426 72 Amraphala - bhakSaNa 140 154,160 214 Ayu 113 AraMbha 281 AraNa 261 AraNyaka ArabhaTA ArtadhyAna 62,63,74 Arya 77 356 5 33 256, 311 226 202 70 Aryakarma AryazyAma Alasya AlocanA 376 362 82 Asava 205 AsurI - bhAvanA 264 Astikya 257 Asrava 114 AhAra 266 AhAraka 266 307 AbhinibodhikajJAna 208,210 iMginImaraNa Avazyaka Avazyaka vyatirikta AvazyakI Azrama AzAtanA AsanadAna For Personal & Private Use Only 287 114 408 267 348 361,362 235 205 224 342 2,6,248, 300 2 306 366 220 225,345 416 366 168 180 248,306,313 86 363

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516] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana 200 162 61 16 upasarga I 226 248,310 236 uSNa zabda pRSThAMka zabda taaph iMdra 18,144,209,235,365 upapAdajanma 406,453,474 upabRhA iMdra-namisaMvAda 262,453 upabhoga iMdriya 63 upamA icchAkAra 307 upayoga iSukAra 19,246,364,402, upavAsa 186,235 461,474,465 upasaMpadA 307 iSukArIya 352 upAMga upAdhyAya IryAsamiti 261 upAzraya IzAna 114,172 upAsaka ISatprAgbhArA urabhrIya 354 ugrasena 410,412,467 uccArasamiti 268 UnodarI utkAlika UrdhvadizA utkIrtana uttara , 37,36 R uttarakuru 58,60 Rjujar3a 428 uttarAdhyayana 1,6,6,14 RjuprAjJa 428 utsarpiNI 170 RjuzreNI udadhikumAra . 111 RSabha udayasAgara 46 RSabhadeva 408 udAyana 475 udyota 70 ekatvavitarka-nirvIcAra 346 . upakaraNa 247,254 ekAmarSA 268 upagRhana 200 elaya upadezaruci 202 eSaNA 337 upadhi 247,254 eSaNAsamiti . 263 334 377 306 Urdhvaloka 387 475 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 517 pRSThAMka 146 24 147,150 58,56 160 nAva 150 153 420 anukramaNikA zabda pRSThAMka zabda karmaparamANu airAvata karmaprakRti 58,59 karma-baMdha oghaniyukti karmabhUmi karmayoga oghopadhi 258 karmaraja au karmavana audArika 86 karmasiddhAnta aupagrahikopadhi karSaka auSadhisevana 421 kaliMga auSadhopacAra - kalpa kalpanI kaMdarpa-bhAvanA kalpavyavahAra 260 kalpAkalpa kaMboja 206,413,466 kalpAtIta kathA . 43 kalpotpanna kapila kaSAya kapila RSi 18 kAMpilya kapotavRtti 336 kAkiNI kamaMDalu 56 kApilIya kamalasaMyama 46 kApotalezyA kamalAvatI 405,461,475 kAmaguNa karakaMDU .. kAyakleza karaNaguNazreNI 387 kAyagupti karaNasatya 266 kAyotsarga karapatra kArmaNa 147,153 kAla karmakaMcuka kAladravya karmaguru 150 kAlika karmagraMthi 150 kAzI x ww mrY 0 0.m aorm or or ur kaMbala 114 475 113 156 456,470,467 140,416 167 475 273 336 288,260 300,303,350 426 karma 62,63,74 468 For Personal & Private Use Only

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518 ] zabda kAzIrAja kAzyapa kipAka kiMpuruSa kinnara kilviSakI kIrti vallabhagaNi kuThAra kuttA kunthu kumAra kula kRtikarma kRSNa kRSNalezyA kevalajJAna -bhAvanA kevalajJAnAvaraNa kevaladarzanAvaraNa uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana pRSThAMka zabda 476 koSThaka 366 kozalika 136 krakaca 112 kriyA 112 kriyAruci 365 kriyAvAdI 46 kriyAsthAna kezagautamIya kezi- zramaNa kezI kozala 426 krodha 414 krauMca 476 kSatriya kSamA. kSudhA 21,410,467,474 kSurikA 1911 366 6 166 208,213 kevalI kezara kezalauMca kezava kezikumAra 385,418, 446, kSapakazreNI kSullaka - nirgranthIya 155 156 388 470 254,340 410,467, 476 gaMdha gaMdhana khara-pRthivI khaluGkIya. khAna-pAna kezi- gautama saMvAda 188,247, gaMdhahastI 255 gati 477 gaMdharva 21 gadA 256 garga, T 21 gargAcArya 411,477,468 gardabhAli For Personal & Private Use Only pRSThAMka 418,450 465 426 488 203 .430 486 156,224 251 361,365 387 186 353 426 17 65 22 415 65 366 112 413 62,126 426 366 477 346, 470, 477

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zabda garbhaja gaveSaNA gAMdhAra gAthA SoDazaka gIta guNa guNadhAraNa guNabhadra guNavatpratipatti guNazekhara guNasthAna guNita gupti guru gurubhakti gRhastha gRhasthAcAra gRhasthAzrama gocarI gocchaka gotama gotra gopAla gautama gaurava graMthi-bhedaka graha grahaNaSaNA graiveyaka anukramaNikA pRSThAMka zabda 1 .263 466 462 416 116,120 caMdragupta caMdramA 306 caMpA 205 306 cakravartI 46 cakSurdarzanAvaraNa ghAtiyA ghorAzramI 232,233 caturaMgIya 284 caturiMdriya 286 214,226,253 225,345 236,238,236 235 236,400 336,337 caryA cAMDAla cAritra cAritramohanIya citA cikitsaka 256 cikitsAcArya 366 citta 154,161,36e 368 21,256,385,418, cittamuni 446, 478 cittasaMbhUtIya cIrAjina 201 426 cUrNi 112 cUlanI 264 cetana 114 caitya [ 516 paSThAMka caturviMzatistava 6,300,301 caraNavidhi 154 235 For Personal & Private Use Only 27 112,408 471,466 473 156 17,164 102 23 355 368 188,161 158,156 210 421 16,228,235,368, 402,455 136,478 366 16 430 48 456,476 61 418

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520 ] zabda cora corI chaMdanA chAyA cheda chedasUtra chedopasthApanAcAritra jalacara jalla jAti jina jinakalpa jinakalpI jinadAsa jinabhadra jItakalpa jIva jIva- dravya uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana pRSThAMka zabda 426 jIvanmukti jIvasthAna 15 jaMbUdvIpa jaTAdhArI janapada janma-maraNa jayaMta jaya jayaghoSa 22,402,407,466, 267,427 jIvAjIvavibhakti jugupsA jJAtAdhyayana 307 70 jJAtAsUtra 343 jJAna 5 jJAnayoga 230 jJAnAvaraNIya jJAnopayoga jJAnazIla gaNi 58 jJAnasAgarasUri 431 jyotiSI 466 141 114 476 jhUTha tattva 476 tattvArtha 106 tattvArtha sUtra 358 tathAkAra 391,366 tadubhaya 388 tapa 257,431 tapazcaryA 354 tapasvI 48 tapomArga 301 taporatnavAcaka 344 tamaH prabhA 63,81,176,180 tarka 61 taskara 81,188, 161,208, 160 153,154 8 1 46 46 112,172 For Personal & Private Use Only pRSThAMka 385 233 24 ta 160 462 33 264 61,177,183 183 206,210,344 307 343 188, 326,343 248, 326 238 23 46 61 210 426

Page #547
anukramaNikA [ 521 360 426 161 413 tUrya tRNasparza 145 dizA 46 zabda pRSThAMka zabda pRSThAMka tArA 112 dazArNa 500 tiduka 418,450 dazArNabhadra 476 tirya ca 62,105,131 dazAzruta tiryacagati 126 dazAzrutaskaMdha tirya cAyu 160 dasyu tiryakloka 55,57 dAna tIrthaGkara 473 dAha-saMskAra 426 dikkumAra 112 357 digaMbara 354,431 tRSA 353 dinacaryA 308 tRSNA tejolezyA dIkSA 247,248 taijasa dIkSAguru 253 trasa 60,101 dIpikA-TIkA trizalA 393 duHkha 141,185 duHkhakAraNa 185 trIMdriya duHkhanirodha duHkhanirodhamArga durAroha 377 201 durgati 130 daMzamazaka 354 dRSTAMta dayA 235 dRSTivAda 3,32 darzana .. 81,188,356 deva 62,110,171 darzanAvaraNIya 153,155 devakI 412,467,476 darzanamohanIya 157,158 devakuru 58,60 darzanopayoga 81 devagati 126,132 dazavakAlika 6,26 devadhigaNi dazavaikAlika-cUlikA 10 devaloka dazA 33 devAyu dazAdi 463 deveMdragaNi trizUla 185 102 27 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #548
522] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana pRSThAMka 160 naraka 087 500 nalakUbara . 480 111 dvIMdriya 27 zabda pRSThAMka zabda 71 napuMsaka doguduka 476 nabhacara 106. dyUtakrIr3A 416 nami 18,406,453,476 dravya 53,118,183 namipravrajyA 18,235 dravyayajJa namirAjarSi 144,364 drumapatraka 60 dvAdazAMga 2,206 narakagati . 126,131 dvArakApurI narakAyu 160 dvArikA dvimukha 479 nAgakumAra 101 nAgArjunasUri dvIpakumAra 111 nAma 154,161 143 nAraka nArakI , 103,171 nArI dharma 63,74,163,165 nAvika dharmakathA niHkAMkSita dharmadravya 62,76 nidrA 155,306 dharmadhyAna 348 nidrAnidrA 156 dharmamaMdira nirjarA 180,182 dharmaruci niyukti 47 dharmAcArya 226 nirlobhitA 186 dhAtakIkhaMDa-dvIpa 58 nirvANa 375 dhUmaprabhA nivicikitsA 200 dhyAna 306,348 nizItha 5,10 nizcayakAla niSiddhikA nakSatra naggati 479 niSkriya-abaddhakarma nagna 431 nisargaruci 402 366 347 200 nirveda my 0 naMdI 112,408 * < For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #549
anukramaNikA [523 nemicandra 46 112 zabda pRSThAMka zabda pRSThAMka nIlalezyA 166 pATaliputra 27 nIlavaMta 206 pAtra 256, 260 natya 416 pAdakaMbala 259 pAdapoMchana 260 naSedhikI 307, 355 pAdopagamana nokaSAya 156 pApa 180 nyUnAdhika 268 pApazramaNIya .20 pApazruta 207 paMkaprabhA 61 pArAMcika paMceMdriya 103. pArzvanAtha 247, 255, 480 paMDita 228 pAlita 366, 471, 480 paMDitamaraNa 361,367 piMDaniyukti padArtha 183 pitA 401 padmalezyA 168 pizAca paramANa 71 pihuMDa 396, 471, 501 paribhogaiSaNA parivartanA 347 puDarIka parivAra 400 puNya 176, 180 parihAra 344 putra 401 parihAravizuddhi cAritra 230,231 pudgala 62, 63, 64 parItasaMsArI - 387 punarukti parISaha . ___ 17, 352 purimatAla 501 . . parISahajaya 248, 352 puruSa 160 parokSa 211 puruSavidyA paryAptaka 61 puruSArtha 164 paryAya 116, 121 puruSArthavAda palAyanavAda 252 puSkaradvIpa pazu-pAlana 413 puSkarAdha pAiya-TIkA 48 pUjya pAkSikasUtra 10 pRcchanA 347 265 pITha 260 43 naja For Personal & Private Use Only

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* 524 ] zabda pRthaktvavitarka- savIcAra pRthivIkAyika prakalpa prakIrNaka prakRtibaMdha pracalA prajJA pratyakSa pratyabhijJAna pratyAkhyAna pratyAkhyAnAvaraNI pratyeka zarIra pradeza pradezAgra pradhAnagati prabhA prabhAvanA prabhUtadhanasaMcaya pramANa-pramAda pramAda pramAdasthAnIya pramArjanA pralaMba uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana pRSThAMka zabda 346 65 33, 463 5, 33 prajJApanA pratikramaNa 6, 300,302,343 pratipRcchanA 307, 347 phala pratimA 235, 236,248,360 pratilekhanA 22,306, 306 phalaka pratisaMlInatA 340 phA~sI 153 prANata 156 prAptanirvANa 193, 348 prAyazcitta 204 proSadha prazama prazithila prasphoTanA 300, 303 prAMta kula 211 phUla 210 163 376 70 200 367, 480 156 baMdha 67 baMdhana 71 baMdhu 28 pravacanamAtA 21,247, 284 bakarA bakarA- pAlana bar3haI baddha balabhadra balarAma balazrI bahiH vihAra 268 224 23, 160 25, 306 bahuzruta bahuzruta-pUjA bahuzrutA ga For Personal & Private Use Only pRSThAMka ... 168 268 267 366 114 386 342 235 417 260 427 417 176, 181 147 402 140, 414 415 368 88 412, 457, 484 467, 484 457 376 206 16 405

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anukramaNikA [525 pRSThAMka 226 111 402 46 zabda pRSThAMka zabda bAla bhayasthAna 486 bAlamaraNa 366, 367 bharata 58, 56, 481 bAhyatapa 332 bhallI 426 bIjaruci 202 bhava 126 bukkusa 366 bhavaprapaMca 126 buddha bhavanapati 111, 172 bRhatkalpa 312 bhavanavAsI bRhadvatti 48 bhAI bodhilAbha 186, 206 bhAMDaka 256 brahma 114, 172 bhAgyavAda 153 brahmacarya 20 bhAravAhaka 398 brahmacarya-mahAvrata 267 bhAvanA 186 brahmacarya-samAdhisthAna 20 bhAvayajJa 406, 408, 406 brahmacaryAzrama 400 bhAvavijayagaNi brahmadatta / 16,456, 480 bhAvazuzrUSA 225, 345 brahmadatta-cakravartI 136, 152 / / bhAvasatya 157, 228, 235 bhASAsamiti brahmaloka bhikSAcaryA 321, 336 brahmANDapurANa 408 bhUta 112 brAhmaNa 238, 361, 363 bhUtikarma 422 bhRgu 401, 481 bhaMDapAla bhRgu-purohita 134,162:246, bhaMte . .. 226 bhaktapratyAkhyAna bhoga 161,366 bhaktiyoga bhogabhUmi bhagavatIsUtra bhogarAja 467, 481 bhadaMta 226 bhojana 313 bhadrabAhu 27, 48 bhadrA 338, 465, 481 bhaya 160 maMtra 421 262 mr or mram arur For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #552
526 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana maMdAra .. 482 415 156 madhu 156 zabda pRSThAMka zabda pRSThAMka 210 mahAbala 483 makaraMdaTIkA 46 mahAvideha magadha 456, 501 mahAvIra 247,255,257,363, maghavA 481 mati 210 mahAvrata .. 247,260 matijJAna 208, 210 mahAzukra - 114 matijJAnAvaraNa 154 mahiSa matsya 415 mahoraga 112 mathurA 27 mAMsabhakSaNa mada 201 mANikyazekharasari .. 49 madirA 415 mAtA 401 madya 416 mAna 416 mAnuSottara madhyaloka 55, 57 mAyA manaHparyAyajJAna 208, 212 mAhaNa manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa 155 mAheMdra manuSya 62, 108, 132, 171 mithilA . 453,502 manuSya-kSetra 57 mithyAkAra . manuSya-gati 126 mithyAtvamohanIya 158 manuSyatva 194 mithyAzAstra 207 manuSyAyu 160 mizramohanIya manogupti 287, 260 muDita 431 manoraMjana 416 mukta 88 mamatva 143 muktAtmA 382 mahAkalpa 6 mukti 186,375 mahAjanapada 466 mukhavastrikA 258 mahAtamaHprabhA 61 mudgara 426 mahAnirga thIya 20 mUsala 426 mahApadma 483 muni mahApuDarIka 6 municaMdrasUri 307 238 46 For Personal & Private Use Only

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anukramaNikA [527 483 205 146 482 zabda pRSThAMka zabda pRSThAMka 344 yajJIya mUladhana-rakSaka 12 yathAkhyAtacAritra 230,231 mUladhana-vardhaka 62 yamayajJa 406,408 mUladhana-vinAzaka 62 yazA mUlasUtra 5,6 yAkobI mUlAcAra 308 yAcanA 357 mRgacaryA 20,336 yoga mRgayA 416 yogasatya mRga-hanana 415 mRgA mRgAputra 20,131,134,186, rajoharaNa 258 246,357,412,457, rati 160 482 ratnatraya 176,186 mRgAputrIya 20 ratnaprabhA mRgAvatI . . 457 rathanemi 21,186,200,275, mRdu-pRthivI - 65 405,467,483 meraka 415 rathanemIya 21 maithuna 267 ramyaka 58.60 mokSa 180,183,375 rasa 65,416 mokSamArgagati 22,188 rasa-parityAga mosalI 267 rAkSasa 112 moha 145 rAga 143 mohasthAna rAga-dveSa-buddhi 142 mohanIya 154,157 rAjA moha-bhAvanA 365 rAjImatI 21,200,246,250, 253,275,404,410, 412,467,483 yakSa 112 rAjyavyavasthA 423 yakSaloka 55 rAtricaryA 308 22,406 rAtribhojana-tyAga 278,284 336 461 - 423 mleccha 426 yajJa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #554
528] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana pRSThAMka zabda rAma rUpa rUpaka rUpiNI rUpI raivataka . roga rohiNI rohita raudradhyAna pRSThAMka zabda 467,484 vaMzIdhara 205 65 vakrajar3a 428 42 vaNika 471,484 vacanagupti 288,260 63 vaTTakera 466 vadha 224,357,420 vanacArI - 112 412,467,484 vanaspatikAyika 66 251 varagati 376 348 varNa 361,366 varNasaMkara 46 varNAzrama 361 114,172 vartanA vasati 248,310 vasiSTha 366 412,474,484 24,165 256 vAcanA 27,346 vANavyantara 112 vANArasI 502 200 vAdya 378 vAnaprasthAzrama / 400 114 161 vasudeva 53,54 vastra . 57 lakSmIvallabha lAMtaka lAMtava lAbha lezyA loka lokAMta lokAMtabhAga lokAkAza lokAgra lokottamottama lobha lomaharaM lola lohakAra loharatha 54,76 vAtsalya 67 145,156 vAyu 426 vAyukAyika 268 vAyUkumAra 112 466.502 416 398 vArANasI 426 vAruNI vAlukAprabhA 300,301 vAsiSThI 6 vAsI vaMdana vaMdanA ___ * 426 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #555
anukramaNikA [529 pRSThAMka zabda vaidya 421 zabda pRSThAMka vAsudeva 186,206,467.484 vikSiptA vijaya 114,484 vijayaghoSa 402,407,466, 267 vanayika 113 vaimAnika vaiyAvRtya 345 484 vaizya videha vaizravaNa 58,503 388 361,366 485 112,172 vyaMtara videhamukti vidyA vidyutkumAra 421 mo 111 vinaya vyavahAra vyavahArakAla vyApAra vyApArI vyutsarga 225,344 430 80 418 140 343,350 266 46 vyutsarjana vraNacikitsA 206 vinayavAdI vinayazruta vinayahaMsa vinIta vivAha viviktazayanAsana viveka vizAlakIti viSamatA viSayabhoga vistAraruci vihAra-yAtrA vItarAga . . . vakSa 215 410 313,340 343 405,461 zaMkite-gaNanopayogaH . 268 zakuna 421 zakti zabaladoSa 460 zabda 66,78 zayyaMbhavasUri 26 zayyA 260,311,356 zayyaiSaNA zarIra zarIra-pramANa 376 zarkarAprabhA 203 417 veda vedanIya 417 160,407 and vedikA vaiyika 485 267 zAMti . 6 zAMtibhadra 114 zAMtisUri 46 vaijayaMta 48 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #556
pRSThAM 366 156 367 210 166 267 530 ] uttarAdhyayana sUtra : eka parizIlana zabda pRSThAMka zabda zAzvata 377 zAzvatavAdI 43deg saMkSeparuci 204 zikSAzIla . 223 saMgrAma-zIrSa 414 zilpI saMghATI zivA 467,485 saMjaya 20,470,486 miisstt 214 saMjJA 210,488 ziSyahitA-TIkA 48 saMjvalana zIta 353 saMthArA zItA saMnyAsAzrama 400 zIla 163 saMpradAya 426 zukladhyAna 346 saMbhUta 19,228,398,402,455 zuklalezyA saMmardA zubhAzubha-karmabaMdhana 141 saMyama 164 zUkara 414 saMraMbha 287 .. 361.397 saMlInatA 313,340 zoka saMvara 180,181 zauryapura 467 503 saMvAda zraddhA 187,161,164 saMvega 168 zramaNa 238 saMsAra 126 zrAvaka 236.367 88,86 zrAvastI saMsArI 418,446,503 saMskRti 361 zratajJAna 208 saMstAraka 260,367 zrutajJAnAvaraNa saMsthAna zrutizravaNa sakAmamaraNa 361.367 zreNika 20,456,473.485 sakriya-abaddha-karma 146 zreSTha 397 sakriya-baddha-karma zvapAka sagara zvetAMbara 354,431 sacela 21,255,431 satkAra-puraskAra 358 SaT-dravya 61 satya-mahAvrata zUdra 160 43 164 146 366 485 264 For Personal & Private Use Only

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zabda sanatkumAra sanAtha sanAthI saparikarma bhayamaraNa bhikSu samaya-kSetra samayakSetrika samAja samAdhi samAdhimaraNa samAdhisthAna samAraMbha samiti samitIya samilA anukramaNikA pRSThAka zabda 114,172,485 sarvArthasiddha 473 sarvArthasiddhi 62 sallekhanA 363 366 16 57 57 361 163 samucchinnakriyA-nivRtti samudrapAla samudrapAlIya sammAna sammUcchima samyakcAritra samyaktva samyagjJAna samyagdarza sayogakevalI 24,248,361 268 287 284,261 sAdhu samudrayAtrA samudravijaya 467,474, 486 savAra savicAra sazarIrI 21 sAdhvAcAra 426 sAmAcArI sAmAjika 346 471,486 sAmAyika sahasrAra sAMtarottara sAgAra sAtAvedanIya sAdimuktatA sAdhAraNa zarIra 225 siddha 1 176 228 187,163 sItA samyaktvaparAkrama 22,206,303 samyaktvamithyAtva mohanIya 158 sIdhu samyaktvamohanIya 158 sukha 21 sAmAyikacAritra 418 sArathi sAvadyayogavirati siddha-jIva siddhaloka siddha-zilA 176.207 sukhabodhA TIkA 176,197 sugati 388 sugrIva For Personal & Private Use Only [ 531 pRSThAMka 114 56,172 24,361,367 366 363 88 114 255 236 157 238,236.247 382 - 67 247 22,248,306 367 6,300 230 368 306 88 85 376 __56,382 56 415 380 46 130, 376 457 504

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surAga sparza 532 ] uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizIlana zabda pRSThAMka zabda pRSThAMka sudarzana 206 sthAvara 60,63 suparNakumAra 111 sthiti subhASita 43 sthirIkaraNa 200 sumeru 210 sthala surA 415 sthUlabhadra 205 snAtaka sUkSma 60 sUkSma kriyA pratipAti 346 smRti sukSmasaMparAyacAritra 230,231 svayaMbhUramaNa 210 sUtra 38 svargaloka sUtrakRtAMga . 33,463 svAdhyAya 308,306, sUvaruci 202 310,346 112 sevA 345 somadeva 58,60 sauMdarya prasAdhana 412 saudharma harikezibala 16,248,256, 114,172 sauvIra . 318,338,362,398,407, skaMdila 408,411,464,468 skaMdha harikezIya 71 svailitaniMdanA 306 herirSaNa stanitakumAra 112 harSakula styAnagaddhi 156 harSanaMdanagaNi 160,355 hastinApura 504 sthelacera 106 hAsya 160 sthevirakalpa 257,431 hiMsA 261 sthavirakalpI 354 haimavata sthAnAMga 204 hairaNyavata 58,60 338 hari 504 27 16 487 strI 58,60 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #559
1. jaina Agama, darzana, purAtatva tathA anya viSayoM ke gambhIra vidvAna evaM lekhaka taiyAra krnaa| jaina saMskRti-sambandhI prAmANika sAhitya kA nirmANa evaM prakAzana krnaa| 3. yogya vidvAnoM ko zramaNa-saMskRti kA sandezavAhaka banAkara deza tathA videza meM bhejnaa| bhAratIya tathA videzI vidvAnoM kA dhyAna jaina saMskRti kI ora khiiNcnaa| 5. zramaNa-saMskRti ko prakAza meM lAne ke lie protsAhana denaa|

Page #560
hamAre anya prakAzana . Jaira Psychology Dr. Mohan Lal Mehta-Rs. 8-00 2. Poliuical History of Northern India from Jaisa Sources-Dr. Gulab Chandra Chou dhary-Rs. 24-00 3. Studies in Hemacandra's Desinama. mala-Dr. Harivallabh C. Bhayani-Rs. 3-00 4. Jaiza Culture-Dr. Mohan Lal Mehta-Rs. 10-00 5. prAkRta bhASA-DA0 prabodha becaradAsa paMDita-- 6. jaina AcAra---DA0 mohanalAla mehatA ru0-5-00 7. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa-bhAga 150 becaradAsa dozI 15-00 6. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa-bhAga 2 DA. jagadIza candra jaina va DA0 mohanalAla mehatA- ru015-00 6. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa-bhAga 3 DA0 mohanalAla mehatA- 2015-00 uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA 1500 ru0 ke ravIndra puraskAra se puraskRta) 10. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 4 DA0 mohanalAla mehatA ta pro0 hIrAlAla kApar3iyA-20 15-00 11. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa-bhAga 5paM. aMbAlAla zAha 2015-00 12. bauddha aura jaina AgamoM meM nArI-jIvana A DA0 komalacandra jaina- ru0 15-00 13. jIvana-darzana-zrI gopIcanda dhADIvAla 30 3-00 14. yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana-DA0 gokulacandra jaina-ru0 20-70 ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA 500 ru0 ke puraskAra se puraskRta ) -likhiepArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna jai nA zrama hindU yUnivarsiTI, vArANasI-5 BarSETTE