Gyansgar Mahakavi Ke Kavya Ek Adhyayan

Author(s): Kiran Tondon
Publisher: Gyansagar Vagarth Vimarsh Kendra Byavar
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006237/1

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyayana 'zrI digambara jaina mahAkavi AcArya zrI 108 jAnasAgarajI mahArAja

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grantha paricaya rAjasthAna pradeza ke rANaulI grAma meM janma lene vAle mahAkavi jJAnasAgara bIsavIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiM / dasa adhyAyoM meM vibhakta isa zodhagrandhameM unake tyAga, paropakAra, kriyAzIlatA Adi guNoM se sampanna vyaktitva para prakAzapAta karate hue unake chaH saMskRta kAvyagranthoM - jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, zrIsamudradattacarita, dayodayacampU evaM munimanoraJjanazatakakA sAhityika mUlyAGkana kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM ina kAvyagranthoM kA sArAMza, mUlasrota, kAvyavidhA, pAtra, varmanakauzala, bhAvapakSa, kalApakSa Adi ko prastata karane ke pazcAta kavi kA jIvanadarzana bhI prastuta karane ke pazcAt kavi kA jIvanadarzana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / anta meM kavi ko mahAkavi aura unake kAvyagranthoM ko saMskRtasAhitya meM samucita sthAna kA adhikAra siddha kiyA gayA hai / prastuta zodhagrantha ko par3hane vAle sudhI aura sahRdaya pAThakoM ko yaha jJAta ho jAegA ki Aja bhI azvaghoSa ke samAna hamAre kavi ke rUpa meM aise vidvAn haiM jinameM kavi aura dArzanika kA mila-julA rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai; Aja bhI upamA ke prayoga meM kuzala kAlidAsa, utprekSA ke prayoga meM kuzala bANabhaTTa evaM dhanapAla ke samAna anuprAsa ke suSThu aura saropaskAraka prayoga meM kuzala jJAnasAgara jaise kavi vidyamAna hai;bhAravi auramAghadvArA saMsthApita citrAlaGkAroM kI paramparA Aja bhI jJAnasAgara jaise kaviyoM ke dvArA gatizIla hai ; aura Aja bhI aise kavi haiM jo kAlidAsa, bANa, dhanapAla Adi samAna bhAvapakSa aura kalApatra ke maJjula samanvaya ko prastuta karane meM samartha haiN| _itanA hI nahIM, zodhagrantha ke anta meM die gae pariziSToM se pAThaka yaha bhI jAna leMge ki mahAkavi jJAnasAgara saMskRta bhASA meM vizuddha dArzanika kAvya kRtiyoM ko racane ke sAtha hI sAtha hindI bhASA meM kAvyakRtiyoM, dArzanika kRtiyoM aura upadezAtmaka kRtiyoM kI bhI saMracanA karane meM kuzala the / mujhe vizvAsa hai ki prastuta zodhagrantha mahAkavi jJAnasAgarajI kI pUrI jAnakArI pAThakoM ko dene meM samartha hogaa|

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6 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyayana -: lekhikA :DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana -: prakAzaka/prakAzana :AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara evaM zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra, nArelI-ajamera (rAja.)

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| preraka prasaMga: cAritra cakravartI pU. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ke suziSya, tIrthakSetra samuddhAraka, Agama ke prAmANika evam sumadhura pravacanakAra, yuvAmanISI, jJAnodaya tArtha kSetra (nArelIajamera) preraka, AdhyAtmika evam dArzanika santa muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja evam pU. kSu. zrI gaMbhIrasAgarajI evaM kSu. zrI dhairyasAgarajI mahArAja ke 1996 jayapura varSAyoga meM mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke sAhitya para paMcam vidvata saMgoSThI ke suavasara para prakAzita / prakAzaka : AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra byAvara (rAja.) granthamAlA DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura | sampAdaka evaM niyAmaka paM. aruNakumAra zAstrI, byAvara | saMskaraNa : dvitIya - 1996 prati : 1000 mUlya : - | prApti sthAna : AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra "sarasvatI bhavana" seTha jI kI nasiyA~ byAvara 305 901 (rAja.) zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra nArelI-ajamera (rAja.) phona : 33663 zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghIjI, sAMgAnera, (jayapura-rAja.) - mandri

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyayana -: AzIrvAda evaM preraNA :muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja kSu. zrI gaMbhIrasAgarajI mahArAja kSu. zrI dhairyasAgarajI mahArAja - - -: saujanya : zrI digambara jaina samiti jayapura (rAja.) -: prakAzaka/prakAzana :AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, byAvara zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra, nArelI-ajamera (rAja.)

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zrI digambarajaina mahAkavi AcArya zrI 108 jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja

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jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra - eka dRSTi bhAratIya saMskRti Adarza puruSoM ke AdarzoM se prasUta evaM saMvarddhita/saMrakSita hai / pratyeka bhAratIya apane Adarza puruSoM ko jIvana ke nikaTatama sajone kA prayAsa karatA hai / bhArata kI Adarza ziromaNI digambara jaina samAja AdhyAtmika saMskRti kA kIrtimAna anAdinidhana sanAtana kAla se sthApita karatI rahI hai| isa sanAtana prabhAyamAna di. jaina saMskRti meM pratyeka yuga meM caubIsa-caubIsa. tIrthaMkara hote rahe haiM, hote raheMge / jinakI sarvajJatA se pradatta jIvana ko jayavaMta banAne vAle sUtroM ne inake vyaktitva ko AdarzatA evaM pUjyatA pradAna kI hai| vItarAgI, niSpahI, aThAraha doSoM se rahita, ananta catuSTya ke dhanI, ina arahantoM ne apanI divya vANI se rASTra samAja evaM bhavya jIvoM ke liye sarvocca Adarza prApta karane kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai / . jaba ina mahAn arahantoM kA param nirvANa ho jAtA hai taba inake abhAva ko sadbhAva meM anubhUta karane ke lie di. jaina saMskRti meM sthApanA nikSepa se vAstukalA ke rUpa meM/ mUrti ke rUpa meM sthApita kara jina bimba saMjJA se saMjita kiyA jAtA hai| ina jina bimboM se ananta Adarza pratibimbita hokara bhavya prANIyoM ke nidhatta-- nikAcita duSTa karmoM ko naSTa karate haiM / aise mahAna jina bimboM ko jina-bhavata nagara yA nagara ke nikaTa upavana meM virAjamAna kara usa pavitra kSetra ko AtmazAnti kA kendra banA letA hai / nagara jinAlayoM kI apekSA upavanoM meM sthApita tIrthakSetroM kA vAtAvaraNa adhika vizuddha hotA hai / ataH loga saikar3oM mIloM se hajAroM rUpayA kharca karake tIrthakSetroM para tIrthayAtrA karane jAte haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki jisa bhUmi para tIrtha kSetra hote haiM tathA tIrtha yAtrI Akara tIrtha vandanA karate hoM vaha bhUmi devatAoM dvArA bhI bandanIya ho jAtI hai / isaliye pratyeka jilA nivAsI jaina bandhu apane jile meM / kisI sundara upavana meM vizAla jina-tIrtha kI sthApanA karake sampUrNa rASTra ke bhavya jIvoM ke liye yAtrA karane kA mArga prazasta karake apane jile kI bhUmi ko pAvana banA letA hai / durbhAgya hI kahanA cAhiye ki ajamera jilA digambara jaina zrAvakoM ke liye karma sthalI rahA hai lekina tIrthakSetra ke rUpa meM dharma sthalI banAne kA saubhAgya prApta nahIM kara sakA / arthAt ajamera maNDalArtagata abhI taka eka bhI tIrtha kSetra nahIM hai / jisa para bhAratavarSa ke sAdharmI bandhu tIrtha yAtrI ke rUpa meM Akara jile kI bhUmi ko pavitra kara skeN|

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jile kI digambara jaina samAja ke sAtizaya puNya ke udaya se isa rAjasthAna kI janmasthalI, karmasthalI banA kara pavitra karane vAle tathA cAra-cAra saMskRta mahAkAvyoM sahita 30 granthoM ke sRjetA bAla brahmacArI mahAkavi A. zrI jJAsAgarajI mahArAja dvArA zramaNa saMskRti ke unanAyaka jina zAsan prabhAvaka AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja ko dIkSA dekara ajamera kSetra ko pavitra kiyA hai / aisI isa pAvana bhUmi para cira antarAla ke bAda saMta ziromaNI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara mahArAja ke param ziSya AdhyAtmika saMta muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja, kSu. zrI gambhIrasAgarajI, kSu. zrI dhairyasAgarajI kA pAvana varSa 1994 meM varSAyoga huA / isI varSA yoga meM sarakAra, samAja evaM sAdhu kI saMgati ne isa jile ko AdhyAtmika vAstukalA ko sthApita karane ke lie nArelI grAma ke upavana ko tIrthakSetra meM parivartita karane ke liye cunA / sacce puruSArtha meM acche phala zIghra hI lagate haiM aisI kahAvata hai / tadnusAra 4 mAha ke andara hI ajamera se 10 ki.mI. dUra nArelI grAma meM kizanagar3ha-byAvara bAIpAsa para eka vizAla parvata sahita 127.5 bIghA kA bhUkhaNDa digambara jaina samAja ko sarakAra se AvaMTita kiyA gayA jisakA nAmakaraNa AcArya zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja evaM muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke AzIvAda se "jJAnodaya tIrtha" aisA mAMgalika pavitra nAma rakhA gayA / isa kSetra kA saMcAlana digambara jaina samiti (raji.) ajamera dvArA kiyA jAtA hai / isa kSetra para nimna yojanAoM kA saMkalpa jilA starIya digambara jaina samAja meM kiyA hai| . 1. trimUrti jinAlaya (mUla jinAlaya) - isa mahAjinAlaya meM aSTadhAtu kI 11-11 phuTa utaMga tIrthaMkara, cakravartI kAmadeva jaise mahA puNyazAlI padoM ko eka sAtha prApta kara mahA nirvANa ko prApta karane vAle zrI zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, arahanAtha ke jina bimba virAjamAna kiye jAveMge / yaha jinAlaya esa kSetra ko mUlanAyaka ke nAma se prasiddha hogaa| 2. zrI nandIzvara jinAlaya - yaha vahI jinAlaya hai jisakI vandanA zAyada samyagdRSTi eka bhavatArI saudharma indra apane parikara sahita varSa kI tInoM aSTAnikA parva meM jAkara nirantara 8 dina taka pUjana abhiSeka kara apane jIvana ko dhanya banAtA hai / yaha nandIzvara dvIpa jambUdIpa se AThaveM sthAna para par3atA hai / ataH vahAM para manuSyoM kA jAnA sambhava nahIM hai / etartha usa nandIzvara dIpa ke 52 jinAlayoM ko sthApanA nikSepa se isa kSetra meM bhavya jIvoM ke darzanArtha isa jinAlaya kI sthApanA kI jA rahI hai /

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LE pha phra 3. sahastrakUTa arahanta tIrthaMkaroM ke zarIra meM 1008 sulakSaNa hote haiM ataH tIrthaMkaroM ko 1008 nAmoM se pukArate haiM / isa eka - eka nAma ke liye eka-eka vAstu kalA meM virAjamAna kara 1008 bimba eka sthAna para virAjamAna kiye jAte haiM / isaliye isako sahasrakUTa jinAlaya kahA jAtA hai / zrI koTi bhaTTa rAjA zrIpAla ke samaya sahasrakUTa jinAlaya ke sambandha meM zrIpAla caritra meM varNita kiyA gayA hai ki jaba sahasrakUTa jinAlaya ke kapATa svataH hI banda ho gaye taba koTi bhaTTa rAjA zrIpAla eka dina usakI vandanA karane ke liye Ate haiM to usake zIla kI mahimA se kapATa ekadama khula jAte haiM / - 4. trikAla caubIsI jinAlaya yaha vaha jinAlaya hai jinameM bharata kSetra ke bhUta, vartamAna va bhaviSya kI 24-24 jina pratimAyeM 5.6 phuTa utaMga 24 jinAlayoM meM virAjamAna kI jAvegI / bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke nirvANa ke bAda zoka magna hokara bharata cakravartI vicArane lagA ki aba tIrtha kA pravartana kaise hogA / taba mahA munirAja gaNadhara parameSThI kahate haiM ki he cakri, aba dharma kA pravartana jina bimba kI sthApanA se hI sambhava 1 taba cakravartI bharata ne muni RSabha sena mahArAja kA ArzIvAda prApta kara kailAza parvata para svarNamayI 72 jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAkara ratna khacita 500-500 dhanuSa pramANa 72 jina bimboM kI sthApanA kI / 5. mAnastambha jainAgama ke anusAra jaba bhagavAna kA sAkSAta samavazaraNa lagatA hai taba cAroM dizAoM meM cAra mAnastambha sthApita kiye jAte haiM aura mAnastambha meM cAroM dizAoM meM eka - eka pratimA sthApita kI jAtI hai arthAta 1 mAnastambha meM kula cAra pratimAyeM hotI haiM / isa mAnastambha ko dekhakara mithyAdRSTiyoM kA mada (ahaMkAra) gala jAtA hai aura bhavya jIva samyagdRSTi hokara samavazaraNa meM praveza kara sAkSAta arahaMta bhagavAn kI vANI ko sunane kA adhikArI bana jAtA hai / isa sambandha meM antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya eka ghaTanA kA ullekha jaina zAstroM meM milatA hai ki indrabhUti gautama apane 5 bhAI aura 500 ziSyoM sahita bhagavAn mahAvIra se prativAda karane ke liye ahaMkAra ke sAtha AtA hai lekina mAnastambha ko dekhate hI usakA mada galita ho jAtA hai aura prativAda kA bhAva chor3akara / samyaktva ko prApta kara / sampUrNa ziSyoM sahita jainezvarI dIkSA dhAraNa kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara pada ko prApta ho gayA arthAt isa mAnastambha Zhu -

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kI mahimA kitanI anupama hai ki indrabhUti gautama kahAM to bhagavAn - se lar3ane AyA thA aura kahAM bhagavAn kA prathama gaNadhara bana gayA / aisA yaha bhavya mAnastambha isa kSetra para nirmANa kiyA jA rahA hai / 6. talahaTI jinAlaya - isa jinAlaya meM vRtAkAra prathama maMjila para pravacana hAla rahegA / dUsarI maMjila para bhagavAn bAhubali, tIsarI para bharata aura cauthI para RSabhadeva bhagavAn kI pratimAyeM virAjamAna hoMgI / 7. 18 doSoM se rahita tIrthaGkara arihaMta bhagavAna ke dvArA upadeza dene kI sabhA ko samavazaraNa kahate haiM isakI racanA kubera dvArA hotI- deva, manuSya evaM tiryaJcoM kI 12 sabhAeM hotI hai / bhavya jIva hI isa samavazaraNa meM praveza karate haiM / aisA yaha bhavya jIvoM kA tAraNa hAra samavazaraNa bhI isa kSetra para sthApita kiyA jA rahA hai / saMtazAlA - kSetra hamezA se sAdhu santoM ke dharma dhyAna karane ke AvAsa sthAna rahe haiM / isa kSetra para bhI AcArya vidyAsAgarajI Adi mahArAja jaise mahAsanta saMgha ke sAtha bhaviSya meM yahAM virAjamAna hoMge evaM anya AcArya sAdhugaNa vandanArtha, sAdhanArtha virAjamAna raheMge / unakI sAdhanAnukUla santa vasatikA banAne kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai / 9. gauzAlA - vartamAna meM mAnava svArtha pUrNa hotA calA jA rahA hai / isI kAraNa se gAya, baila, bhaiMsa Adi jaba isake upayogI nahIM hote athavA dUdha denA banda kara dete haiM taba vyakti unakI sevA suzrusA nahIM karake unako kasAI athavA bUcar3akhAne meM bheja detA hai / aise AvArA pazuoM ko isa kSetra meM rakha kara unake jIvana ko akAla hatyA se/ maraNa se bacAyA jaavegaa| yaha kSetra samavazaraNa hai aura samavazaraNa meM eka sabhA tiryaJcoM kI hotI haiM / ataH yaha gauzAlA hai isa kSetra rUpI samavazaraNa meM eka sabhA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hogI isa digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra gauzAlA kA zilAnyAsa zrI bhairUsiMha zekhAvata, mukhya maMtrI rAjasthAna sarakAra dvArA kiyA gayA hai / 10. jJAnazAlA (vidyAlaya) - mAnavIya dRSTikoNa se vicArane para jIvana kA eka Avazyaka aMga AjIvikA bhI hai / isa AjIvikA ko kAryAnvita rUpa dene ke liye manuSya ko laukika va zAbdika jJAna kI bhI AvazyakatA

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Wan - hai / isa dRSTikoNa se isa kSetra para vidyAlaya ko sthApita karane kA bhI yojanA hai / sAtha hI eka vizAla granthAlaya bhI sthApita kiyA jAyegA / 11. bhAgyazAlA (auSadhAlaya / cikitsAlaya ) jIva kA AdhAra zarIra hai aura zarIra bAharI vAtAvaraNoM se prabhAvita hokara jIva ko apane anukUla kriyA karane meM bAdhA utpanna karatA hai / taba zarIra meM AI huI vikratiyoM ko dUra karane ke liye auSadhi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / ata: isa auSadhAyala/cikitsAlaya se asahAya garIboM ke liye niHzulka cikitsA karAne ke vikalpa se sthApanA kI jAvegI / 12. dharmazAlA - kSetra kI vizAlatA ko dekhate huye aisA lagatA hai ki bhaviSya meM yaha eka laghu sammeda zikhara kA rUpa grahaNa kara legA / jisa prakAra digambara jaina siddha kSetra zrI sammeda zikharajI, mahAvIra jI atizaya kSetra Adi meM nirantara yAtrI Akara darzana pUjana Adi kA lAbha lete haiM usI prakAra isa kSetra meM bhI tIrtha yAtrI bahu saMkhyA meM Akara darzana pUjana kA lAbha leveMge / ataH unakI suvidhA ke liye 300 kamaroM kI dharmazAlA Adhunika suvidhAoM sahita banAne kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai / - 13. udAsIna Azrama apanI gRhasthI se virakta hokara loga isa kSetra para Akara apane jIvana ko dharma sAdhanA meM lagA sakeM / ataH udAsIna Azrama ke nirmANa karane kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai / Wan 14. bAuNDrI dIvAla sampUrNa kSetra ko surakSita karane ke lie 6 phuTa UMcI bAuNDrI dIvAla kI sarvaprathama AvazyakatA thI / pUjya muni zrI ke pravacanoM se prabhAvita hokara ajamera jile kI digambara jaina mahilAoM ne isa bAuNDrI ko banAne kA ArzIvAda prApta kiyA / - 15. pahAr3I ke lie sIr3hI nirmANa ubar3a-khAbar3a utaGga pahAr3I para jAne ke lie sIr3hiyoM kI AvazyakatA thI / ajamera jile ke samasta digambara jaina yuvA varga ne isa sIr3hiyoM ko banAne kA pUjya muni zrI se ArzIvAda prApta kiyA / - - 16. anuSThAna vidhAna kSetra zuddhi hetu 28.6.95 se 30.6.95 taka samavazaraNa mahAmaMDala vidhAna kA Ayojana pUjya muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha sAnidhya meM kiyA gayA / tadanantara muni zrI ke hI sasaMgha sAnidhya meM 1.12.95 se 10.12.95 taka sarvatobhadra mahAmaMDala vidhAna arddha-sahasra, Wan

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indra indrANiyoM kI sambhAgitA meM mahat prabhAvanA ke sAtha sampanna huA / isI vidhAna ke antargata mUlanAyaka, trikAla caubIsI, naMdIzvara jinAlaya evaM mAnastambha kA zilAnyAsa kiyA gayA / isa mahotsava meM mAnanIya bhairosiMha zekhAvata mukhya maMtrI rAjasthAna sarakAra, zrI lalita kizora caturvedI zikSA evaM sArvajanika nirmANa rAjya maMtrI, zrI gaMgArAma caudharI rAjasva rAjya maMtrI, zrI kizana sonagarA khAdI evaM grAmodyoga rAjya maMtrI, zrI sAvaramala jATa rAjya maMtrI, zrI mahAvIra prasAda jaina sacetaka rAjasthAna vidhAna sabhA, zrI oMkArasihaM lakhAvata adhyakSa nagara sudhAra nyAsa ajamera, sAMsada zrI rAsAsiMha rAvata. sAMsada ajamera, zrI kizana moTavAnI vidhAyaka ajamera, zrI kailAza meghavAla gRha evaM khAna maMtrI rAjasthAna sarakAra, zrI pukharAja pahAr3iyA jilA pramukha ajamera, zrI devendra bhUSaNa guptA jilAdhIza ajamera, zrI vIrakumAra adhyakSa nagara pariSada, zrI aditi mehatA saMbhAgIya Ayukta ajamera, kAMgresa (i) adhyakSa ajamera mANaka canda sogAnI / Adi prazAsanika adhikAriyoM ne isa dasa divasIya maMDala vidhAna meM apanA mahatIya yogadAna diyA hai / 17. sarakArI sahayoga - isa kSetra sthApanA ke pUrva 26.10.94 ko digambara jaina samiti (rajisTarDa) ajamera kA gaThana kara rAja. saMsthA rajisTrIkaraNa adhiniyama 1958 ke arntagata dinAMka 2.11.94 ko paMjIkRta karAyA gyaa| nagara sudhAra nyAsa ke adhyakSa oMkArasiMha lakhAvata evaM kAMgresa adhyakSa ajamera mANakacanda sogAnI ke vizeSa sahayoga se isa nArelI parvatIya sthala kA cayana kiyA gayA / taduparAnta mahArAja zrI ne isa sthala kA nirikSaNa kara isa sthala ko pavitra kiyA / samAja ke karmaTha kAryakartAoM, sthAnIya prazAsana evaM rAjasva rAjamaMtrI rAjasthAna ke vizeSa sahayoga se riyAyatI dara para yaha pahAr3I maidAna-digambara jaina samAja ko digambara jaina tIrtha kSetra sthApanA hetu sthAI rUpa se avaMTita kiyA gyaa| taduparAnta AciMTekTa zrI ummedamala jaina evaM nirmala kumAra jaina ne kSetra ke yojanAoM sahita nakkSe taiyAra kiye / 10.12.95 ko mAnanIya bhairosiMha zekhAvata mukhya maMtrI rAjasthAna sarakAra evaM mAnanIya lalita kizora jI caturvedI zikSA evaM sArvajanika nirmANa maMtrI jI ne mena ror3a se pahAr3I ke Upara taka DAmara roDa banAne kI ghoSaNA kI / sAMsada zrI rAsAsiMha rAvata ne 3 TyUbavaila sarakArI stara para lagAne kI ghoSaNA kI / rAjasva rAjyamaMtrI zrI gaMgArAma

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A 3 fraiM I I caudharI jI ne kSetra kI yojanAoM ko dekhate hue lagabhaga 200 bIghA jamIna aura sarakAra se dilAne kI ghoSaNA kI jilAdhIza dvArA prazAsanika samasta kAryoM ko karane kI ghoSaNA kI / gauzAlA meM jilA pramukha dharma niSTha zrI pukharAja pahAr3iyA evaM prazAsana kA vizeSa sahayoga dene kI ghoSaNA kI gaI hai / gRha evaM khAna maMtrI jI zrI kailAza meghavAla ne pulisa caukI kI ghoSaNA kI / isa prakAra rAja netAoM dvArA isa navodita tIrtha kSetra ke vikAsa meM huI ghoSaNAeM kriyAnvita hone kI pratikSA kara rahI hai, mAnanIya mukhyamaMtrI zrI bhaiMrusiMhajI zekhAvata ne gauzAlA ko vizeSa suvidhAyukta banAne ke lie Ayukta zrImati aditi mehatA ko vizeSa nirdeSa diye / 18. vizeSa sahayoga pahADI AvaMTita hone ke thI ki pahAr3I ko samatala kaise kiyA jAye niSTha Ara. ke. mArbalsa li. kizanagar3ha vAloM ne apanI mazIna dvArA pahAr3I taka kA kaccA mArga evaM pahADI kA samatalI karaNa lagabhaga Der3ha mAha ke andara karake kSetra evaM sacce deva zAstra guru ke prati saccI zraddhA vyakta kara asambhava kArya ko sambhava kara dikhAyA hai / bAda sabase bar3I samasyA 1 / lekina yaha kArya dharma - 1 pASANa- TaMkotakIrNa vAstu kalA pASANa TaMkota- kIrNa vAstukalA vizeSa rUpa se prAyaH lupta sI ho cukI thI lekina tIrtha kSetra jIrNoddhAraka evaM vAstukalA ke marmajJa digambara jaina muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja kI dUra dRSTi ne usa khoI huI kalA ko khoja nikAlA, tathA usa jIrNazIrNa vAstukalA kA jIrNoddhAra kara isa saMskRti ko cira sthAI banAne ke lie upadeza diyA / munirAja ne apane upadezoM meM sad preraNA dI ki Ara.sI.sI. (R.C.C.) ke maMdira banAne se saMkRti dIrghakAla taka surakSita nahIM raha sakegI kyoMki Ara.sI.sI. kI umra mAtra 100 varSoM kI hai / maMdiroM kA nirmANa sahasroM varSo ko dhyAna meM rakha kara karanA cAhie / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaina pratiSThA pAThoM meM lohe ke prayoga ko prazasta nahIM kahA hai / guru kA yaha upadeza samAja ke hRdayoM ko chU gayA tathA patthara - cUnA ke maMdira banAne vAle zilpiyoM ko khojA gyaa| " jina khojA tina pAIyA gahare pAnI peTha - vAlI kahAvata caritArtha huI pariNAma svarupa zilpi upalabdha ho gaye samAja evaM samiti ne muni zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke caraNoM meM zrI phala car3hAkara saMkalpa kiyA ki isa jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra para ( pahAr3I para ) jitane bhI maMdira baneMge vaha sabhI khajurAho, delavAr3A, devagar3ha, raNakapura ke samAna kalApUrNa patthara ke hI baneMge / unameM lohe kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAvegA arthAta vaha Ara.sI.sI. ke nahIM baneMge / . I Wan -

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D ON jinAlayoM kA takSaNa kArya prArambha kara diyA gayA hai / pASANa TaMkota kIrNa vAstu kalA ko punarojjIvita karane vAlA bhArata varSa kA yaha anupama digambara tIrtha kSetra anokhA kIrtImAna sthApita karegA / svarNa avasara- Aiye hama sabake mahAn sAtizaya puNya ke udaya se jJAnodaya tIrtha meM aneka mAMgalika zubha yojanAoM ko kriyAnvita kiyA jA rahA hai| kitanA acchA avasara hai ki uparokta yojanAoM ko ApakI jar3a sampadA dvArA sthApita karane kA / jar3a sampadA puNya ke udaya se AtI hai lekina jAne ke do dvAra hote haiM / eka pApa kAryoM ke dvArA aura dUsarI puNya kAryoM ke dvArA / bharata cakravartI ne bhI apane dhana kA sadupayoga karake kailAza parvata para 72 svarNamayI jinAlaya banavAye the arthAta cakrI ne bhI apanA dhana vyaya kiyA thA / aura eka rAvaNa thA jisane apane dhana kA durpayoga apane pApopabhoga karake mahaloM ko, laMkA ko svarNamaya banAkara naSTa kiyA thaa| donoM ke pariNAma Apa hama saba jAnate hai / eka cakravartI ne apane dhana kA sadupayoga jinAlaya banAne meM kiyA so vaha jinAlaya ke samAna pUjya jinendra deva ke pada ko prApta huA aura rAvaNa ne bhoga sAmagrI meM kiyA to use naraka kA vAsa milA / AIye- hama saba izvAku vaMzI bharata cakravartI ke vaMzaja haiN| hameM bhI paramparAnusAra apane dhana kA upabhoga jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra meM banane vAle jinAlayoM meM karanA hai aura izvAku vaMza ke kula dIpaka banane kA gaurava prApta karanA hai / isa tIrtha kI samasta dhArmika yojanAyeM ati zIghra karane kA saMkalpa samAja ne liyA hai / ataH zIghra vicAriye, sociye evaM apane dAna kI ghoSaNA karake cakravartI ke vaMza ke banane kA gaurava prApta kriye| Apa saba ke sahayoga se hI yaha tIrtha bhArata meM digambara jaina saMskRti kI dhvajA ko phaharA sakegA aura ajamera jilA bhAratIya digambara jaina saMskRti meM apanA eka aitihAsika adhyAya jor3a sakegA / bhAratavarSa kA prathama bahuuddezIya navodita yaha jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra aneka yojanAyeM apane garbha meM saMjoya hue hai / unhIM yojanAoM meM se pU. muni zrI sudhAsAgara jI ke ArzIvAda preraNA evaM sAnidhye meM "zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra granthAlaya" nAma se eka pustakAlaya zubhArambha kiyA gayA - isa kSetra se prasUta isa puSpa ke antargata jinavANI ke pracAra prasAra hetu granthoM ko prakAzana karAne ke kArya kA bhI zubhArambha kiyA jA rahA hai / zrutadevatAya namaH ! . . prastuti : digambara jaina samiti (raji.) ajamera (rAja.) kailAzacanda pATanI, ajamera kAryAlaya : zrI digambara jaina jJAnodaya tIrtha kSetra nArelI-ajamera (rAja.) / phona naM. 33663, vIra nirvANa saM. 2522 IsavI san-1996 ka

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saMsthApita : 1 sitambara 1996 phona naM. 384663 zrI digambara jaina zramaNa saMskRti saMsthAna jaina naziyAM, naziyAM roDa - sAMgAnera . (paMjIyana saM. 320 dinAMka 25-8-96) prAcIna samaya se hI jayapura jaina saMskRti kA pramukha kendra rahA hai aura | yahAM ke vidvAnoM ne samaya - samaya para jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM amUlya yogadAna diyA hai| isa krama meM digambara jaina AcArya saMskRti mahAvidyAlaya sau varSa se adhika samaya se prayAsa rata hai / parantu chAtrAvAsa ke abhAva meM vidyAlaya meM jo zramaNa saMskRti ke upAsaka vidvAna taiyAra hone cAhie the ve nahIM ho pA rahe haiM jisake phalasvarupa vibhinna dhArmika samAroha evaM parvo para vidvAnoM kI mAMga Ane para bhI pUrti karane meM asamarthatA rahatI thI jisase jaina saMskRti ke siddhAnto evaM jJAna kA vAMchita pracAra prasAra nahIM ho pA rahA hai isI abhAva kI pUrti hetu pUjya 108 AcArya saMta ziromaNI AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke pratibhAzAlI ziSya pravara munivara 108 zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja kI preraNA aura AzIrvAda se zrI digambara jaina zramaNa saMskRti saMsthAna kI sthApana 1 sitambara, 1996 ko apAra jana samUha ke bIca kI gaI / isa saMsthAna ke mAdhyama se eka chAtrAvAsa jisameM 200 chAtra rahakara jaina darzana kA adhyayana kareMge aura vidvAna banakara samAja meM jaina tatvajJAna aura zramaNa saMskRti kA pracAra prasAra kreNge| isa saMsthAna ke mukhya uddezya nimna prakAra haiM - 1. digambara jaina dharma anAdi kAla se pracalita hai jisakI zramaNa paramparA bhI anAdi kAla se zAzvata rupa se calI A rahI hai aura vartamAna meM bhI vidyamAna hai / usI pavitra zramaNa paramparA (28 mUlaguNoM ko nirdoSa - pAlana | karane vAlI) ko saMrakSita karanA tathA zrAvakoM ko unake kartavya evaM saMskAroM se alaMkRta karAnA una saMskAroM kA sikhAne ke liye chAtroM ko zramaNa saMskRti rakSaka/upAsaka vidvAnoM ke rupa meM taiyAra karanA isa saMsthAna kA mukhya uddezya hai|

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: DD 2. jo adhyAtmavAda ke nAma para vartamAna sAdhuoM ko AhAradAna, vaiyyAvRtti, vinayAdi na karake unakA sammAna nahIM karate haiM jo yaha kahate haiM ki vartamAna meM AcArya kundakunda kI mUla-AmnAyAnusAra muni hote hI nahIM hai una logoM ke dvArA pracArita sanmArga kA khaNDana kara athavA roka kara sanmArga kA pracAra - prasAra karanA / 3. vartamAna meM kucha sAdhuoM meM vyApta zithilAcAra ko rokane tathA samApta karane kA prayAsa karanA / -4. .jo saMsthAeM vidvAn Agamaviruddha vizeSArtha likhakara zAstroM ke bhAva ko badalane kI koziza kara rahe hai, cAro anuyogoM meM se dravyAnuroga ko vizeSa mAnakara anuyogoM ko aprayojanIya batalAte haiM, unakI upekSA karate haiM, prakAzana evaM svAdhyAya meM pramukhatA nahIM dete, unake duSpracAra ko rokakara cAroM anuyogo ke zAstroM kA mUla rupa meM prakAzana, pracAra-prasAra evaM svAdhyAya kI preraNA denA / 5. mUla Agama paramparA anusAra vidvAnoM ko prazikSita karanA, unako sthAna sthAna para bhejakara digambara jaina dharma kA pracAra - prasAra karanA, zivirAdi lagAkara logo ko dharma va saMskAroM ko sikhAnA / aprakAzita yA Avazyaka granthoM kA anuvAda yA prakAzana karanA, pUjA pratiSThA vidhAnAdi karanA yA karAnA, sthAna-sthAna para dharmaprasAra ke lie zramaNa saMskRti pAThazAlAeM kholanA / samAja ko sapta vyasanoM se mukta karAkara zrAvakoM ko unake cAra/SaTa Avazyako ko karane kI preraNA denA, sikhAnA, samAja meM vyApta rAtri bhojana, mRtyu bhoja evaM daheja Adi kurItiyoM kA nivAraNa karanA / 7. saMsthAna meM prazikSaNa ke lie praviSTa chAtroM ke AvAsa, bhojana, paThana pAThana kI niHzulka yA ucita zulka para vyavasthA karanA va karAnA / 8. AvazyakatAnusAra vibhinna sthAnoM para apane nirdezana meM pAThazAlA, chAtrAvAsa, vidyAlaya Adi kholanA evaM sucAru rupa se saMcAlita karanA / 19. vibhinna avasaroM para vibhinna viSayoM para vidvAnoM kI goSThI sammelana vAcanAdi kA Ayojana karanA /

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10. vibhinna sthAnoM kI prAcIna granthoM kA saMgraha karanA aura deza videza meM | zramaNa saMskRti kI rakSA kI ucita vyavasthA karanA tathA zodhakArya karAne kI samucita vyavasthA karanA / 11. videzo meM digambara jaina dharma ke mUla Amnaya kA pracAra hetu prakAzita __granthoM ko bhejanA tathA chAtroM aura vidvAnoM ko bhejane, zikSaNa prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA karanA / 12. digambara jaina mUla - ArSa AmnAya meM pratipAdita dharma ke virodha meM ajJAna; dveSa yA IrSyAdivaza likhe gaye lekhoM, pustakoM, vyAkhyAnoM, zodha - prabaMdho Adi kA yena - kena prakAreNa nirAkaraNa karanA evaM sanmArga kA vikAsa karanA / 13. dhArmika paThana pAThana ke lie nizcita pAThya pustakoM kA prakAzana karAnA, unake zikSaNa - prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA karanA, unake parIkSA ke lie parIkSA borDa kI sthApanA evaM vyavasthA karanA / 14. jayapura nagara evaM samasta bhArata meM aise saMgaThanoM kI racanA karanA, unhe ucita saMrakSaNa, protsAhana, evaM Arthika sahAyata denA, unake pracAra-prasAra kArya kA saMvarddhana karanA, jinakA uddezya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ko saMrakSita karanA evaM mAnava kalyANa karanA hai / vinIta : gaNezakumAra rANA mahAvIraprasAda pahAr3iyA maMtrI adhyakSa

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. mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja kI 1 sAhitya - sAdhanA lekhaka : muni 108 zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja ____ jaina sAhitya meM cauhadavIM zatAbdI ke bAda saMskRta mahAkAvyoM kI vicchinna | zrRMkhalA ko jor3ane vAle rAjasthAna prAnta, sIkara jilA, rANolI grAma meM pitA caturbhuja va mAtA ghRtavarI kI kokha se prasUta gaura-varNIya mahAkavi bhUrAmala zAstrI hue haiN| ___bacapana meM hI jJAna arjana kI lalaka hone ke kAraNa saMskRta vidyA va jaina | darzana meM praveza karane ke lie syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya banArasa meM zAstrI taka adhyayana kiyA / adhyayana ke uparAnta sRjana sAhitya kA lakSya banAyA tathA Atma utthAna | hetu bAla brahmacArI rahane kA saMkalpa kiyA / | brahmacArI banakara saMskRta sAhitya ke lekhana karane meM itane nimagna ho gaye ki cAra-cAra mahAkAvyoM sahita saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA meM tIsa grantha likhe / NANasya phalam upekkhA' kuMda-kuMda ke isa sUtra ko jIvana meM sAkAra karane ke lie avirata dazA se Age kadama bar3hAte hue dezavrata rUpa kSullaka dazA ko | dhAraNa kiyA / taduparAMta caritra kA caramottama pada mahAvrata-rUpa digambarI dIkSA dhAraNa kI tathA AcArya vIra sAgara, AcArya ziva sAgara mahArAja ke saMgha ko paThana-pAThana karAte hue upAdhyAya pada se subhozita hue / isake bAda AcArya pada ko grahaNa karake kaI bhavya prANiyoM ko mokSa-mArga kA upadeza pradAna kara anekoM mumukSuoM ko muni dIkSA se upakRta kiyA / inhIM ziSyoM meM prathama ziSya aisI suyogyatA ko prApta hue ki Aja sAre vizva ke sAdhuoM meM zreSThatA ko prApta ko gae, jinheM duniyA~ "saMta ziromaNi AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI' ke nAma se jAnatI hai / jIvana ke anta meM apanA AcArya pada inhIM "vidyAsAgara" ke dekara lagabhaga | 180 dina kI "yama saMllekhanA" dhAraNa kI / anta meM cAra dina taka caturvida AhAra ke tyAga ke sAtha 1 jUna, 1973 jyeSTha kRSNA amAvasyA ko 10 bajakara 20 minaTa | para nasIrAbAda meM pArthiva zarIra ko chor3akara saMsAra kA anta karane vAlI samAdhi ko prApta hue arthAt samAdhistha ho gaye /

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45 inake dvArA racita 29 granthoM kI saMkSipta samIkSA yahA~ prastuta : 1. jayodaya mahAkAvyam Wan yaha mahAkAvya rasa alaMkAra evaM chanda kI triveNI se pavitratA ko prApta hai| sAhitya, darzana evaM AdhyAtmika zailI meM deza kI jvalaMta samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| isa yuga ke Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra prathama cakravartI senApati jayakumAra ke cAritrika jIvana kI sarasa kathA ke Azraya pUrvaka isa kAvya kI racanA huI hai / isa kAvya meM zrRMgAra rasa aura zAntarasa kI samAnAntara pravahamAna dhArA pAThakoM ko apUrva rasa se sikta kara detI hai / jayakumAra aura sulocanA kI praNaya kathA kA prastuta varNana naiSadhIya caritra evaM kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM ko smaraNa dilA detA hai / isa kAvya kA prakRti citraNa mAgha ke kAvyoM kI tulanA karane ke lie prerita karatA hai / isa mahAkAvya rUpI sAgara kI talahaTI sAhitya hai to darzana usake kinAre aura rasa- alaMkAra Adi kI chaTA apAra jala rAzi ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotI hai evaM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, aparigraha evaM brahmacarya Adi AcaraNaparaka aneka sUtra rUpI ratnoM kA bhaNDAra isa jayodaya mahAkAvya rUpa sindhu meM bharA par3A hai / sAhitya jagata meM 20vIM zatAbdI kA sarvotkRSTa mahAkAvya to hai hI sAtha hI jaina darzana meM 14vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kA prathama mahAkAvya bhI hai / isa mahAkAvya meM 3047 zloka 28 sargoM meM hai / saMskRta aura hindI TIkA sahita do bhAgoM meM (pUrvArddha evaM uttarArddha) isakA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai / yaha mahAkAvya mahAkavi AcArya jJAna sAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, jaba ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 2. vIrodaya mahAkAvyam yaha mahAkAvya jayodaya mahAkAvya ke samAna hI rasa- alaMkAra evaM zabdoM se paripUrNa hai / ise jayodaya mahAkAvya kA anuja kaha sakate haiM / digambara jaina darzana ke antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana caritra kA sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana caritra ko deza kI Adhunika samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue Adhunika zailI meM varNana kiyA hai / gayA , phra 994 zloka vAlA yaha mahAkAvya 22 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai / chaH sargoM para svopajJa saMskRta evaM evaM samasta sargoM para svopajJa hindI TIkA sahita prakAzita hai|

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- yaha mahAkAvya bhI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA / usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 3. sudarzanodaya mahAkAvyam yaha mahAkAvya jaina darzanAnusAra caubIsa kAmadevoM meM se antima kAmadeva seTha sudarzana ke jIvana caritra ko prastuta karatA hai / isa mahAkAvya meM eka gRhastha ke sadAcAra, zIla evaM eka patnIvrata kI alaukika mahimA ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, ko vyabhicAriNI striyA~ evaM vezyAe~ aneka prakAra kI kAmukatA se paripUrNa apanI ceSTAoM se bhI svadAra saMtoSavratI sudarzana ko zIla vrata se cyuta nahIM kara pAtI hai / ___kAvya nAyaka jayakumAra ke zIla vrata kI mahimA ke kAraNa zUlI bhI siMhAsana meM badala jAtI hai / yaha mahAkAvya rUr3hika paramparAoM se haTakara dArzanika sAhitya vidhA se ota-prota hokara bhakti saMgIta kI alaukika chaTA prastuta karatA hai| eka Arya zrAvaka kI dainika caryA ko sucAru DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / rAga kI Aga meM baiThe hue kAvyAnAyaka ko vItarAgatA ke Ananda kA anubhava karAyA hai / kAvyanAyaka ke jIvana ke aMtima caraNa ko zramaNa saMskRti ke siddhAntoM se vibhuSita kiyA hai / yU~ kahanA cAhiye ki yaha kAvya jahA~ sAhitya kI chaTA ko bikhera kara sAhityakAroM ke lie aura dArzanikatA ke kAraNa dArzanikoM ke lie apanI buddhi ko parizrama karane kI preraNA detA hai, vahIM para gRhastha evaM sAdhu kI. AcAra saMhitA para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai / isa kAvya ko 481 zlokoM ko lekara 9 sargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / svopajJa hindI TIkA sahita prakAzita hai / yaha mahAkAvya bhI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA | thA, jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / . 4. bhadrodaya mahAkAvyam (samudradatta caritra) ___isa kAvya meM asteya ko mukhya lakSya karake eka bhadramitra nAmaka vyakti | ke Adarza caritra ko kAvya kI bhASA zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / vahIM para satyaghoSa jaise mithyA DhoMgI ke kAle kAranAmoM kI kalaI kholI gaI hai / yaha kAvya 'satyameva jayate' kI udghoSaNA karatA hai / isa laghu-mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ke sAthasAtha purANa kAvya evaM caritra kAvya ke lakSaNoM kA samanvaya ho jAne ke kAraNa triveNI saMgama ke samAna pavitratA ko prApta hotA hai / yaha kAvya 344 zlokoM ko lekara 9 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai /

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yaha mahAkAvya bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 5. dayodaya campU campU kAvyoM kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna kAla se gaMgA-jamunA ke saMgama ke samAna mAnI jAtI hai / kyoMki campU kAvya meM gadya evaM padya donoM kA hI sammizraNa hotA hai / ina campU kAvyoM kI zailI pAThakoM ke lie rucikara evaM sahaja artha bodha karAne meM kAraNa banatI hai / yaha dayodaya campU kAvya bhI bahuta hI sarala hai| isa campU kAvya meM viSaya vastu ko gAgara meM sAgara ke samAna bharA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM kavi ne eka mRgasena dhIvara ke choTe se ahiMsAvrata ko lekara ahiMsA vrata kI mahimA kA bakhAna kiyA hai / kAvya kI viSaya vastu se jJAta hotA hai ki dharma yA AcaraNa kisI jAti vizeSa kI bapaudI nahIM hai / eka dhIvara jaisI tuccha jAti ke mRgasena dhIvara bhI ahiMsA vrata ke phala ko pA gayA / kAvya meM dhIvara ko bhI vedoM kA jJAna hotA hai, yaha bAta bhI darzAyI gayI hai / kAvya meM kahA hai ki punarjanma, upakArya, upakArI-bhAva bhava bhavAntaroM taka apanA prabhAva dikhAte hai| dhIvara kA niyama thA ki maiM apane jAla meM AyI haI prathama machalI ko nahIM maaruuNgaa| pariNAmasvarupa vahI eka machalI pAMca bAra usake jAla meM pha~sI aura pA~co bAra usane chor3a diyA / isa para upakAra ke kAraNa agale bhava meM pA~ca bAra usa machalI ke jIva ne usa dhIvara ke prANa bacAye / isa kAvya kA bhAva-pakSa mahanIya hai / isa kAvya meM sAta lamba haiM tathA svopajJa hindI TIkA sahita prakAzita hai / / yaha cmapU kAvya bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 6. samyakatva-sAra-zatakam jaina darzanAnusAra samyag darzana mokSa mArga kI prathama sIr3hI hai / ataH samyag darzana kI mahimA jaina AgamAnukUla isa kAvya meM kI gaI hai / kavi ke dvArA racita AdhyAtmika kAvyoM meM yaha ucca zreNI kA kAvya hai / samyagdarzana ke binA ghoraghora caritra bhI mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / kavi ne isa bAta ko vizeSa rUpa meM darzAyA hai / yaha kAvya 104 zlokoM meM svopajJa hindI TIkA sahita prakAzita hai / yaha mahAkAvya bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thaa|

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Wan Zhu 7. muni manoraJjanAzItiH isa kAvya meM upadezAtmaka zailI prayukta kI gaI hai| digambara mAnyatAnusAra zramaNoM kI pavitra caryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tathA vartamAna kAla kI bhI paristhitiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AgamAnukUla zramaNa caryA ko surakSita rakhA gayA hai / yaha kAvya sAdhu santoM ke lie pratidina pATha karane yogya hai / AryikAoM kI caryA kA varNana bhI isameM samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / sAdhu ke pravRttiparaka mArga ko pradarzita karate hue nivRtti para bar3hane hetu isa kAvya meM vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM 80 padya hai / yaha kAvya AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja dvArA dIkSA ke pUrva likhA gayA thA / usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 8. bhakti saMgraha lagabhava 2000 varSa pUrva AcArya kundakunda svAmI dvArA 10 bhaktiyA~ prAkRta bhASA meM lipibaddha kI gaI thiiN| usake bAda pUjyapAda svAmI dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM 10 bhaktiyA~ likhI giiN| isake bAda kisI bhI AcArya dvArA 10 bhaktiyoM ko likhane kA ullekha mujhe dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| 20vIM zatAbdI ke mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne saMskRta padyoM meM bhaktiyoM kI racanA karake prAcIna paramparA ko punarjIvita kiyA hai / 6 zlokoM meM siddha bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM zruta- bhakti, zlokoM meM caritra - bhakti, 6 zlokoM meM AcArya - bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM yogi bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM paramaguru - bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM caturviMzati tIrthakara bhakti, 5 zlokoM meM zAMti - bhakti, zlokoM meM samAdhi bhakti, 6 zlokoM meM caitya bhakti, 22 zlokoM meM pratikramaNa bhakti, 4 zlokoM meM kAyotsarga bhakti, ye bhaktiyA~ pUrva bhaktiyoM kI apekSA sarala evaM kama zloka se hI pUrNa bhAvabhivyakti vyakta karatI hai / jaina darzana meM sAdhuoM kI dainika Avazyaka kriyAoM meM yaha bhaktiyA~ avazya hI prayoga karanI par3atI hai / lekhaka ne nandIzvara evaM nirmANa bhakti kI racanA nahIM kI haiN| pratikramaNa evaM kAyotsarga bhakti kI racanA eka navIna prastutIkaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha grantha bhI AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke dvArA racita hai ( zramaNa avasthA ) + Zhu Wan

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1. hita-sampAdakam yaha kAvya mithyA rUr3hiyoM kA khaNDana karatA hai| kriyA-kANDiyoM kI avicArita | gatAnugatikatAoM ke viruddha isa kAvya meM krAntikArI ghoSaNA kI gayI hai / jAtIyatA ke ahaMkAra ke mada meM DUbane vAle ahaMkAriyoM ke lie ahaMkAra kA khaNDana karane vAlA hai / vyakti janma se nahIM, karma se mahAn banatA hai / vyakti ko pApI se nahIM, pApa se ghRNA karanI cAhie / ina sUtroM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara isa kAvya kI racanA huI hai / Aja ke Adhunika tarkazIlaM vyaktiyoM ke lie yaha kAvya bahuta hI pasanda AyegA / cAroM puruSArtho kA saTIka varNana isa kAvya meM hai / sAmAjika evaM pArivArika rIti-rivAjoM ko bhI isa kAvya meM samAviSTha kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya kI mukhya vizeSatA hai ki apanI tarkaNAoM kI puSTi kavi ne pUrvAcAryo dvArA Agama meM kathita saTIka udAharaNa dekara kI hai / jAti ke mada meM DUbane vAle logoM ne Agama meM kathita jina bAtoM ko gauNa kara diyA thA, kavi ne una bAtoM ko nirbhIka hokara prastuta kara diyA hai / yaha laghu kAvya krAntikArI hai evaM mithyAkurItiyoM kA nirAkaraNa aura samyak rIti-rivAjoM kI sthApanA karane vAlA hai / isa kAvya meM 159 zloka haiN| yaha grantha bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ke dvArA dIkSA ke pUrva likhA gayA thA, jisa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / hindI - sAhitya ___10. bhAgya parIkSA jaina darzana meM kathita dhanya kumAra ke prasiddha kathAnaka ke AdhAra para isa kAvya ko racA gayA hai / isa kAvya kA kAvyanAyaka dhanya kumAra hai, jinakA jIvana AtmIyajanoM kI pratikUlatA meM pallavita hotA hai / phira bhI apane puNya ke kAraNa apane pratidvandiyoM ke liye yaha sabaka sikhAtA hai ki jinake bhAgya meM puNya kI sattA hai, usakA koI kucha bhI nahIM bigAr3a sakatA hai / kartavya parAyaNatA evaM paropakAra jIvana kA dharma hai / satyavAditA evaM sahiSNutA jIvana kA prANa hai / tyAga hI jIvana kA vyasana hai evaM karmaThatA mAnavIya guNa hai / isa samasta bAtoM ke lie mahAkavi ne isa kAvya meM varNana karake asahiSNu mAnava ke lie zikSA dI hai / isa kAvya |meM 838 pada haiN| isa kAvya ko AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA / brahmacArI avasthA meM ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / d

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LE 11. RSabha carita | jaina darzana ke anusAra isa yuga meM Adya tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke jIvanavRtta ke AdhAra para yaha kAvya likhA hai / bhagavAna AdinAtha ke atIta evaM vartamAna bhavoM kA varNana isa kAvya meM samAviSTa hai / jinasenAcArya dvArA racita mahApurANa ke sArabhUta viSayoM ko padya rUpa meM isa kAvya meM 814 pada hai / yaha kAvya bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / ___ 12. guNa sundara vRttAnta isa kAvya meM zikSAprada aneka laghu kathAe~ kAvya rUpa meM samAviSTa kI gaI | haiM, jaise pradyumna kumAra kA jIvana caritra, yazodhara kI romAMTika kathA, satana kumAra cakravartI ke rUpa meM ahaMkAra kA duSpariNAma tathA dvArikA ke bhasma hone kA hRdayavidAraka varNana isa kAvya meM kiyA hai / kathAoM ke prastutIkaraNa ke madhya vartamAna kI jvalanta samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie zikSAprada padya bhI prastuta kiye gaye | haiM / isa kAvya ko 595 padoM meM likhA gayA hai / yaha kAvya bhI mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI | paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thaa| 13. pavitra mAnava jIvana ___isa kAvya meM gRhastha ko AjIvikA kisa prakAra karanA cAhie isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai jaise kRSi karanA, pazupAlana, pArivArika vyavasthA, samAja-sudhAra strI kA pArivArika dAyitva Adi pramukha pArivArika evaM sAmAjika samasyAoM kA nidAna isa kAvya meM kiyA gayA hai / yadi gRhastha isa kAvya ke anusAra apane ko vyavasthita kara le to kIcar3a meM bhI kamala khila sakatA hai / gRhasthI rUpI kIcar3a meM bhI vyakti kAvya kathita siddhAntoM ko apanAkara apane jIvana ko svarNamaya banA sakatA hai / isa kAvya meM 193 pada haiM / yaha kAvya AcArya jJAna sAgara jI mahArAja ne kSullaka avasthA meM likhA thA / usa samaya ApakA nAma kSu. jJAna bhUSaNa jI mahArAja thA / 14. karttavya patha pradarzana isa grantha meM sampradAya nirapekSa jIvana ko zikSA dene vAlI tarkayukta kathAyeM dI gaI hai / zikSAprada viSaya vastu ko prastuta karane ke lie lekhaka ne choTI choTI Wan

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kahAniyoM kA Alambana liyA hai / prArambhika naitika jIvana banAne ke lie yaha pustaka paThanIya hai / pravacana kartAoM ko yaha pustaka pravacana karane kI kalA sikhAtI hai / isa grantha ko 82 zIrSakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / eka-eka zIrSaka vartamAna kI jvalanta samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI sthApanA karatA hai / isa pustaka kA aMgrejI, kannar3a, marAThI bhASA meM bhI anuvAda kiyA jA rahA hai / yaha pustaka AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne muni avasthA meM likhI hai| 15. sacitta vivecana jihvA indriya kI cATukAritA ke vazIbhUta hokara, sacitta vanaspati khAne vAloM ko yaha pustaka sAvadhAna karatI hai ki thor3e se rasanA indriya ke svAda ke kAraNa vanaspati evaM jala Adi kA sacitta bhakSaNa nahIM karanA cAhie arthAta acitta karake hI grahaNa karanA cAhiye / isa pustaka meM vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai kyoMki Aja vijJAna kaha rahA hai ki jala evaM vanaspati Adi ko ubAla kara kAma meM lenA cAhiye / binA garma kI huI vastuoM ko khAne se vaikTIriyA athavA vAyarasa jaisI bImAriyA~ ho sakatI haiM / arthAt yaha pustaka jahA~ dayA dharma kI rakSA kA upadeza detI hai to dUsarI tarapha apane svAsthya lAbha kA bhI saMketa karatI hai / yaha pustaka lagabhaga 54 pRSThIya gadya rUpa meM prakAzita hai / yaha pustaka mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne kSullaka avasthA meM likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma kSullaka jJAna bhUSaNa thA / 16. sacitta vicAra - isa pustaka meM sacitta vivecana kA hI viSaya hai / lekhaka ne sacitta vivecana ko prastAvanA meM isakA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai ki maiMne sabase pahale sacitta nAmaka nibandha likhA thaa| logoM ne isa nibandha ko vistAra se likhane ko khaa| ataH sacitta vicAra kI viSaya vastu ko vistAra karake sacitta vivecana likhA arthAt sacitta vivecana ke pUrva sacitta vicAra nAmaka pustaka likhI gaI hai / sacitta vicAra bAIsa pRSThIya pustikA ke rUpa meM prakAzita hai / yaha pustaka AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thaa|

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Wan 17. svAmI kunda - kunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma jaina darzana ke prasiddha AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke jIvana vRtta ko lekara isa pustaka meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke jIvana sambandhita aitihAsika gavAkSa evaM unake mUla siddhAntoM ke bhAvoM ko yukti-yukta DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti, vastra evaM strI mukti kA niSedha bhI isa pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai / AcArya kundakunda ke kAla kA avadhAraNa karane vAle zilAlekhoM kA bhI ullekha isameM kiyA gayA hai / AcArya kundakunda svAmI ko zilAlekhoM ke pramANoM ke sAtha SaTkhaNDAgamakAra, puSyadaMta, bhUtabhali se pUrva isa pustaka meM siddha karake vidvAnoM kI buddhi ko zrama karane ke lie prerita kiyA hai| digambara dharma meM samaya-samaya para Aye saMgha bhedoM ke varNana bhI isa pustaka meM haiN| assI pRSThIya yaha pustaka itihAsa ke lie ati mahattvapUrNa hai / yaha pustaka mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 18. sarala jaina vivAha vidhi phra vivAha eka sAmAjika rIti rivAja hai, lekina logoM ne ise dhArmika rItirivAja mAna liyA hai, arthAta vaivAhika kriyAoM kA sambandha dharma se jor3ane lage haiM / aneka mithyA ADambaroM kA niSedha karate hue gRhIta mithyAtva se bacAne vAlI yaha pustaka jaina darzanAnusAra vivAha vidhi ko sampanna kara eka Adarza gRhastha jIvana meM praveza karane ke lie mAMgalika viSaya prastuta karatI hai / vivAha ke samaya jo mithyA kudevoM ko pUjate haiM evaM unako AhvAna karate haiM tathA bali Adi mithyA kriyAyeM karate haiM unakA isa pustaka meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai evaM sacce deva, zAstra guru kI sAkSIpUrvaka dAmpatya jIvana svIkAra karane ke lie preraNA dI hai gRhastha jIvana meM praveza karane vAle vara-vadhU ke lie isa pustaka ke anusAra vivAha vidhi svIkAra karanA cAhie / pacapana pRSThIya gadya-padya hindI, saMskRta, maMtroccAra Adi se samanvita yaha pustaka hai / yaha pustaka bhI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 19. itihAsa ke panne samasta aitihAsika avadhAraNAoM ko palaTane yaha aitihAsika laghu nibandha itihAsa meM nayA adhyAya jor3atA hai| zilAlekhoM kI pramANatA saMhitA isa Wan

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meM jaina darzana ke prasiddha AcAryoM kA aitihAsika dRSTikoNa samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai / isa nibandha ko laghu pustikA kA rUpa dekara prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / yaha pustaka bhI mahAkavi jJAna sAgara jI mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhI thI / 20. RSi kaisA hotA hai yaha 40 zloka pramANa aprakAzita kAvya hai / vaise isameM sAdhucaryA kA varNana hai / mujhe lagatA hai ki lekhaka ne pahale RSi kaise hotA hai isa para lekhanI calAne kA bhAva kiyA hogA, phira bAda meM vahI vicAra munimanoraJjanAzIti ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gae hoMge / isalie ise gauNa karake munimanoraJjanAzIti ke rUpa meM likha diyA ho, ata: isa kAvya ke samasta zloka munimanoraJjanAzIti kAvya meM saMyavakta rUpa se prakAzita kara diye gaye haiM / TIkA-grantha 21. pravacanasAra AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI dvArA adhyAtma triveNI meM yaha dUsare nambara kA grantha mAnA jAtA hai / yaha grantha samyaga darzana, samyag jJAna evaM samyaga-caritra rUpa tIna adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiM / zramaNoM ke lie to yaha mUla prANa hai / isa grantha para AcArya amRtacandra svAmI, AcArya jayasena svAmI kI saMskRta TIkAyeM upalabdha haiM / isa grantha para kaI vidvAnoM kI hindI TIkAyeM bhI haiM, lekina vaha TIkAyeM niSpakSa nahIM kahI jA sakatI haiM / AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne kucha mukhya-mukhya gAthAoM ko lekara AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI ke vAstavika hRdaya ko ujAgara karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / adhyAtma premI bandhuoM ke lie yaha grantha vizeSa rUpa se paThanIya hai / yaha grantha saMskRta chAyA evaM hindI TIkA sahita sajilda upalabdha hai / yaha TIkA grantha mahAkavi jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA. ke pUrva likhI thI, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thA / 22. samayasAra AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI digambara paramparA ke AdhyAtmika rasika mukhya AcArya mAne jAte haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNadhara gautama ke bAda kunda-kunda svAmI kA nAma maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai / Apake dvArA batAyI gayI AmnAya jinendra deva dvArA kathita AmnAya mAnI jAtI hai / isIliye digambara AmnAya meM

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Wan Wan vartamAna meM koI bhI kArya kiyA jAtA hai to kundakunda AmnAya dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, aisA kahA jAtA hai / kunda-kunda svAmI ne itihAsakAroM ke anusAra caurAsI pAhur3a likhe haiM, lekina sampUrNa pAhur3a vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hote haiM / jitane bhI pAhur3a upalabdha hote haiM, unameM se tIna grantha ( pAhur3a) mukhya mAne jAte haiM / ina tIna meM se bhI samayasAra grantha, grantharAja mAnA jAtA hai| isa grantha para AcArya amRtacandra- sUri ne AtmakhyAti nAma kI daNDAnvaya TIkA likhI hai evaM jayasena svAmI ne tAtparya vRtti nAma kI khaNDAnvaya TIkA likhI hai / ina TIkAoM ko lekara kundakunda svAmI kI gAthAoM para aneka vidvAnoM ne hindI kI TIkA bhI likhI hai lekina vidvAn AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke hRdaya ko prakaTa nahIM kara sake / TIkAoM meM vizeSArthoM ke mAdhyama se apanI bhAvanAoM ko hindI TIkAkAroM ne samaviSTa kiyA hai| ina hindI | TIkAkAroM ne AcArya amRtacandra suri evaM jayasena svAmI kI bhAvanAoM kI bhI upekSA kI hai / AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja eka krAntikArI niSpakSa lekhaka the / eka dArzanika vyakti svabhAvAnusAra mUla AcAryoM kI bhAvanAoM kI upekSA kaise bardAzta kara sakatA hai| pariNAmasvarupa jayasena svAmI, jo ki vastataH Agama evam kundakunda svAmI kI bhAvanAoM ko pUrNataH pradarzita karate haiM / yadi AcArya jayasena na hote to kundakunda svAmI kA samayasAra hai, yaha bhI jJAta nahIM hote arthAt AcArya kundakunda ke nAma ko ujAgara karane vAle jayasena svAmI dvArA likhita tAtparya vRtti nAma kI TIkA ko AdhAra banAkara samayasAra kI hindI TIkA AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne likhI hai / isa TIkA meM bhI vizeSArtha die gae haiM jo ki tArkika Agamika evam kundakunda svAmI ke hRdaya ko prakaTa karane vAle haiN| svAdhyAya bandhuoM ko jinheM saMskRta nahIM AtI hai, unheM yaha hindI TIkA kA svAdhyAya karake apanI mithyA dhAraNAoM kA vimocana kara vAstavika tattva nirNaya kara lenA cAhie / vidvAnoM ko niSpakSa rUpa se evam pUrvAgrahoM kA tyAga karake isa TIkA kA AloDana karanA cAhie / yaha lagabhaga tIna sau nabbe pRSThoM meM sajilda prakAzita hai / isa grantha meM cAra sau untAlisa gAthAyeM hai / jina para jayasena svAmI dvArA rajita saMskRta TIkA haiM / mUla gAthAoM kA padyAnuvAda AcArya vidyAsAgara jI evam gadya kI hindI TIkA AcArya jJAnasAgara jI dvArA likhita hai / isa grantha ke kaI prakAzana pUrva meM bhI bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM se prakAzita kiye jA cuke haiN| yaha ka phra

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Wan TIkA grantha mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne muni avasthA meM likhA thA / 23. tattvArtha sUtra jaina darzana meM saMskRta sUtra rUpa yaha grantha prathama mAnA jAtA hai / sAre bhAratavarSa meM dazalakSaNa parva meM isakA vAcana hotA hai / svAdhyAya premiyoM para isa grantha ne bahuta bar3A upakAra kiyA hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM kathita viSaya vastu ko anya jainAgama, SaTkhar3Agam zloka vArtika, rAjavArtika, gommaTasAra Adi aneka granthoM ko apanI TIkA meM uddhRta kiyA hai / inakI hindI TIkA par3hane se aneka granthoM kI viSaya sAmagrI sahaja hI upalabdha hI jAtI hai / yaha TIkA grantha mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne kSullaka avasthA meM likhI thii| usa samaya ApakA nAma kSu. jJAna bhUSaNa thA / - 24. mAnava dharma jaina darzana ke prasiddha udbhaTa tArkika AcArya samantabhadra dvArA racita ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ke zlokoM para mAnava dharma nAma se hindI TIkA likhI gaI hai / AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ke zlokoM kA artha to prakaTa kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI usa artha ke sAtha vartamAna kI sAmAjika samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa hetu choTe-choTe udAharaNa dekara samantabhadra AcArya ke hRdaya ko ujAgara kiyA hai / isa pustaka ko par3hate samaya aisA lagatA hai jaise lekhaka samantabhadra svAmI ke zlokoM kA pravacana kara rahA ho arthAt pravacana zailI meM yaha pustaka likhI gaI hai / yaha pustaka pratyeka mAnava ke lie paThanIya hai / isake kaI saMskaraNa vibhinna sthAnoM se nikala cuke haiN| isakA kannaDa. marAThI evaM aMgrejI anavAda bhI kiyA jA rahA hai| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra ke 150 zlokoM para hindI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM prakAzita hai / yaha TIkA grantha mahAkavi jJAnasAgara mahArAja ne dIkSA ke pUrva likhA thA, usa samaya ApakA nAma brahmacArI paMDita bhUrAmala zAstrI thaa| 25. vivekodaya AcArya kunda-kunda svAmI racita prasiddha samayasAra kI gAthAoM para hindI gadya-padyAtmaka vyAkhyA lekhaka dvArA isa grantha meM kI gaI hai / saMkSipta rUpa meM samayasAra ke hRdaya ko samajhAne vAlA yaha vivekodaya nAma kA grantha lagabhaga eka sau sATha

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O pana pRSThoM meM prakAzita hai / yaha grantha mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne kSullaka avasthA meM likhA thA, usa samaya ApakA nAma kSu. jJAna bhUSaNa thA / 26. devAgama stotra AcArya samantabhadra dvArA racita yaha.devAgamastotra meM jise itihAsavettAoM dvArA gandhahastI mahAkAvya kA maMgalAcaraNa kahA jAtA hai, samantabhadra svAmI ne bhagavAna kI bhI parIkSA karake unake guNoM kI mahimA kA guNAnuvAda kiyA hai / isa devAgam stotra kA brahmacArI paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI ne padyAnuvAda kiyA thA / durbhAgya se yaha nA to abhI taka kahIM prakAzita huA hai aura nA hI isakI mUla pANDulipi abhI taka upalabdha ho pAI hai, anya sAkSyoM se padyAnuvAdoM kI sUcanA milatI hai / 27. niyamasAra AcArya kunda-kunda dvArA racita samayasAra pravacana-sAra, paMcAstikAya granthoM kI kaThina gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne vAlA kunda-kunda svAmI dvArA hI racita yaha niyamasAra grantha hai / isakA padyAnuvAda bhI brahmacArI paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgara jI) dvArA padyAnuvAda kiyA gayA / yaha bhI durbhAgya se abhI taka aprApta hai / 28. aSTa pAhur3a AcArya kunda-kunda dvArA racita samyak sanmArga kI udghoSaNA karane vAlA yaha grantha hai / isa grantha para bhI brahmacArI paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgara jI) dvArA padyAnuvAda kiyA gayA / yaha bhI durbhAgya se abhI taka aprApta hai / 29. zAntinAtha pUjana vidhAna pUrva AcAryoM dvArA racita vidhAna kA paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgara jI) ne sampAdana kiyA hai / jaina darzanAnusAra pratyeka acche kArya evam vighna nivAraNa hetu zAnti vidhAna karane kI paramparA hai mahAkavi dvArA sampAdita isa vidhAna meM aneka mithyA kudevoM kI ArAdhanA kA koI sthAna nahIM diyA hai / pratiSThAcArya evaM zAMti vidhAna karane vAloM ke lie isa pustaka se zAnti vidhAna karanA caahie| yaha pustaka zAstrAkAra rUpa meM prakAzita hai / uparokta 29 grantha AcArya jJAnasAgara jI kI sAhitya sAdhanA hai / isa sAhitya sAdhanA ko dekhakara tathA samakAlIna logoM se jo janazruti sunane meM AtI haiM ki mahAkavi ne ina 29 granthoM ke alAvA aura bhI graMtha likhe haiM, jo yatra tatra mandiroM ma

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$ zAstra bhaNDAroM meM pANDulipi ke rUpa meM par3e raha sakate haiM, kyoMki aisA sunane meM AtA hai ki mahAkavi jisa prAnta meM jisa nagara meM grantha likhate the usa grantha ko pUrNa karake usI nagara ke jaina mandira ke bhaNDAra meM athavA vahA~ ke pratiSThita vyakti ko de dete the / jahA~-jahA~ inakA vihAra huA hai, vahA~-vahA~ khoja kI jA rahI hai / sambhava hai, ina granthoM ke alAvA koI naye grantha itihAsa jagata ko prApta ho jAyeM / ina granthoM ke Upara abhI taka kaI loga pI. eca. DI. kara cuke haiM, jaise : 1 Wan 1 (1) DaoN. harinArAyaNa dIkSita ke nirdezana meM DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana, prAdhyApaka, saMskRta vibhAga, kumAyU~ vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla (uttara pradeza) se " mahAkavi jJAna sAgara ke kAvyoM kA eka adhyayana" nAma se pI. eca. DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI hai / jinakA prakAzana isTarna buka liMkarsa, 5825 candrAvala ror3a, javAhara gaMja, dillI - 7 se prakAzita huA hai (2) DaoN. kailAzapati pANDeya, gorakhapura vizvavidyAlaya se "jayodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" zIrSaka se DaoN. dazaratha ke nirdezana meM pI. eca. DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI hai| prakAzana AcArya jJAna sAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra, sarasvatI bhavana, seThajI kI nasiyA~, byAvara (rAja.) se kiyA gayA hai / (3) DaoN. ratanacanda jI jaina, bhopAla ke nirdezana meM DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina, barakatullahA vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla se "jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailI vaijJAnika anuzIlana", isakA prakAzana muni saMgha vaiyyAvRtti samiti, sTezana ror3a, gaMjabAsaudA ( vidizA, madhyapradeza) se huA hai 1 (4) DaoN. zivA zravaNa ne DaoN. sara hari siMha gaur3a vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara se zrImati kusuma bhuriyA ke nirdezana meM campU kAvya para zodha grantha likhA hai, jisameM dayodaya campU para vizada prakAza DAlA hai 1 (5) vartamAna meM zrImatI alakA jaina, DaoN. ratanacanda jI ke nirdezana meM AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke zAntarasa paraka tattvajJAna ke viSaya para pI. eca. DI. kara rahI haiM / (6) dayAnanda ojhA "jayodaya mahAkAvya kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana" viSaya grahaNa. kA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. je. esa. ela. tripAThI, banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke nirdezana meM pI. eca. DI. kara rahe haiM / Wan

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Guo (7) DaoN. narendra siMha rAjapUta ne "saMskRta vAGmaya ke vikAsa meM bIsavIM sadI ke jaina manISiyoM ke yogadana" para pI. eca. DI. kI hai, jisameM jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta sAhitya ko vivecita kiyA gayA hai| prakAzana AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha | vimarza kendra, sarasvatI bhavana, seThajI kI nasiyA~ byAvara (rAja.) se kiyA gayA hai I I isa prakAra aura bhI aneka zodha prabandha kiye jA sakate haiM, aisA vidvAnoM kA mata hai / mahAkavi ke eka-eka saMskRta kAvya ko lekara vigata eka sAla se akhila bhAratavarSIya vidvat saMgoSThI kI jA rahI haiM, jinameM saikar3oM vidvAna eka hI kAvya para bhinna bhinna viSayoM para vAcara kara jJAnasAgara ke sAhitya sAgara se ratnoM ko nikAla rahe haiM 1 prathama goSThI atizaya kSetra sA~gAnera, jayapura meM 9 jUna se 11 jUna, 1994 meM huI / dvitIya saMgoSThI ajamera nagara meM vIrodaya mahAkAvya para 13 se 15 akTUbara, 1994 meM huI / tRtIya saMgoSThI byAvara (rAjasthAna) meM 22 se 24 janavarI, 1995 meM huI / caturtha saMgoSThI, 1995 cAturmAsa meM kizanagar3ha meM huI, jisase lagabhaga 80 jaina- ajaina antarASTrIya vidvAnoM ne bhAga liyA / yaha goSThI z2ayodaya mahAkAvya para thI, sabhI vidvAnoM ne ekamata se isa mahAkAvya ko isa yuga kA sarvocca mahAkAvya mAnakara sAhitya jagata ke ucca siMhAsana para virAjamAna kiyA hai| sabhI vidvAnoM ne ise bRhattrayI (naiSadhIya caritra, zizupAla vadha evaM kirAtArjunIyam) ke samakakSa mAnakara bRhatrayI ke nAma ko bRhaccatuSTayI ke rUpa meM sajJita karake sAhitya jagata ko gaurAnvita kiyA hai / maine apane kAnoM se vidvAnoM ke lekha ina saMgoSThiyoM meM sune haiN| bahuta hI prazaMsanIya evaM zramasAdhya lekha vidvAnoM ne likhe haiM / goSThiyoM ke daurAna vidvAnoM kA mata thA ki jJAna sAgara kA samagra sAhitya eka sthAna se prakAzita honA cAhie / so vaha 1994 ke cAturmAsa meM ajamera ke digambara jaina samAja ke dvArA prakAzita kiye jA cuke hai| dUsarA nirNaya liyA gayA thA ki jJAnasAgara ke sAhitya para pAThyakrama taiyAra kiyA jAye, yaha kArya vidvAnoM ko sauMpa diyA gyaa| 1 hai / tIsarA nirNaya liyA gayA thA ki AcArya jJAnasAgara saMskRta zabda koSa taiyAra kiyA jAye, so yaha kArya bhI vidvAnoM ko sauMpa diyA gayA hai| cauthA nirNaya liyA Zhu Wan

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OR Wan gayA thA ki AcArya jJAnasAgara ke sAhitya para pRthak-pRthak vidvAnoM se pRthakapRthaka viSayoM para lagabhaga tIna-tIna sau peja ke mahA-nibandha likhAye jAyeM, jisase zodha prabandha karane vAloM ko suvidhA par3a sake / yaha kArya lagabhaga 50 vidvAnoM ko sauMpA gayA thA, jisameM se 40 vidvAnoM ne mahA-nibandha likhane kI svIkRti pradAna kara dI hai| pA~cavA nirNaya liyA gayA hai ki ina samasta kAryoM ko karAne hetu eka nizcita sthAna para kisI yogya vidvAna ke nirdezana meM eka saMsthA kI sthApanA honI caahie| byAvara saMgoSThI ke samaya para byAvara meM DaoN. ramezacanda bijanaura evaM DaoN. aruNa kumAra zAstrI ke saMyojakatva meM AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra kI sthApanA kI gaI / saMsthA kA mukhya kArya AcArya jJAnasAgara se sambandhita nibaMdha evaM zodha granthoM kA prakAzana karanA hai / sAtha hI AcArya jJAna sAgara mahArAja ke sAhitya para zodha karane vAle chAtroM ko nirdezakoM kI svIkRti para pA~ca sau rupaye pratimAha zodha chAtravRtti pradAna karanA / isa prakAra aura bhI aneka nirNaya goSThiyoM meM lie gae haiM, jo pRthakpRthak smArikAoM meM prakAzita kiye jA cuke haiM / sampUrNa goSThiyoM meM vAMce gaye sabhI lekha prakAzita kiye jA cuke haiM, zodhArthI kendra se samparka kara prApta kara sakate haiN| bIsavIM sadI ke isa mahAn sAhitya sAdhaka kI sAhitya sAdhanA kA hameM rasAsvAdana karanA hai, yahI isa sAdhaka ke prati saccI va anUThI zraddhAMjali hogii| | sAhitya jagat ke isa upakArI sAhitya sAdhaka kA sAhitya premI buddhi meM uccAsana pradAna kareM, yahI kRtajJatA hogii| "kRtamupakAram na vismaranti sAdhavA" ___ arthAta vartamAna vidvAn mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara dvArA sAhitya jagat para | kiye gaye upakAra ko na bhUleM, yahI merI bhAvanA hai / // iti zubham //

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. PR . prakAzakIya ciraMtana kAla se bhArata mAnava samAja ke liye mUlyavAna vicAroM kI khAna banA huA hai| isa bhUmi se prakaTa AtmavidyA evaM tatva jJAna meM sampUrNa vizva kA nava udAtta dRSTi pradAna kara use patanomukhI hone se bacAyA hai / isa deza se eka ke bAda eka prANavAna pravAha prakaTa hote rahe / isa praNAvAna bahUlamUnya pravAhoM kI gati kI aviralatA meM jainAcAryoM kA mahAna yogadAna rahA hai / unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA vizva kI Adima sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke jAnane ke upakrama meM prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya kI vyApaka khojabIna evaM gahana adhyanAdi kArya sampAdika kiye gaye / bIsavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha taka prAcyavAGmaya kI zodha, khoja va adhyayana anuzIlanAdi meM aneka jainaajaina vidvAna bhI agraNI hue / phalataH isa zatAbdI ke madhya taka jainAcArya viracita aneka aMdhakArAcchAdika mUlyavAna grantharatna prakAza meM Aye / ina gahanIya granthoM meM mAnava jIvana kI yugIna samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA apUrva sAmarthya hai / vidvAnoM ke zodhaanusaMdhAna-anuzIlana kAryoM ko prakAza meM lAne hetu aneka sAhityika saMsthAe udita bhI huI, saMskRta, hindI, aMgrejI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM meM sAhitya sAgara avagAhanarata aneka vidvavAnoM dvArA navasAhitya bhI sRjita huA hai, kintu jainAcArya-viracita vipula sAhitya ke sakala granthoM ke prakAzanArtha/anuzIlanArtha ukta prayAsa paryApta nahIM haiM / sakala jaina vAGmaya ke adhikAMza grantha aba bhI aprakAzita haiM, jo prakAzita bhI ho to sodhArthiyoM ko bahuparizramoparAnta bhI prApta nahIM ho pAte haiM / aura bhI aneka bAdhAyeM/samasyAeM jaina granthoM ke zodha-anusandhAna-prakAzana ke mArga meM hai, ataH samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke sAtha-sAtha vividha saMsthAoM-upakramoM ke mAdhyama se samekita prayAsoM kI AvazyakatA eka lambe samaya se vidvAnoM dvArA mahasUsa kI jA rahI thii| rAjasthAna prAnta ke mahAkavi bra. bhUlAmala zAstrI (A. jJAnasAgara mahArAja) kI janmasthalI evaM karma sthalI rahI hai / mahAkavi ne cAra-cAra mahAkAvyoM ke praNayana ke sAtha hindI saMskRta meM jaina darzana siddhAnta evaM adhyAtma ke lagabhaga 24 granthoM kI racanA karake avaruddha jaina sAhitya-bhAgIrathI ke pravAha ko pravartita kiyA / yaha eka vicitra saMyoga kahA jAnA cAhiye ki rasasiddha kavi kI kAvyarasa dhArA kA pravAha rAjasthAna kI marudharA se huA / isI rAjasthAna ke bhAgya se zramaNa paramparonnAyaka santaziromaNi AcArya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke suziSya jinavANI ke yarthAtha udoSaka, aneka aitihAsika upakramoM ke samartha sUtradhAra, adhyAtmayogI yuvAmanISI pU. munipuMgava sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja kA yahA~ padArpaNa huaa| rAjasthAna kI dharA para rAjasthAna ke amara sAhityakAra ke samagrakRtitva para eka akhila bhAratIya vidvata/saMgoSThI sAgAnera meM dinAMka 9 jUna se 11 jUna, 1994 tathA ajamera nagara meM mahAkavi kI mahanIya kRti "vIrodaya" mahAkAvya para akhila bhAratIya vidvat saMgoSThI dinAMka 13 se 15 akTUbara 1994 taka Ayojita huI va isI suavasara para di. jaina samAja, ajamera ne AcArya jJAnasAgara ke sampUrNa 24 grantha munizrI ke 1994 ke cArtumAsa ke daurAna prakAzita kara/lokArpaNa kara abhUtapUrva Wan

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. 6 . etihAsika kAma karake zruta kI mahat prabhAvanA kI / pU. muni zrI sAnthyi meM Ayojita ina saMgoSThiyoM meM mahAkavi ke kRtitva para anuzIlanAtmaka-AlocanAtmaka, zodhapatroM ke vAcana sahita vidvAnoM dvArA jaina sAhitya ke zodha kSetra meM Agata aneka samasyAoM | para cintA vyakta kI gaI tathA zodha chAtroM ko chAtravRtti pradAna karane, zodhArthiyoM ko! __ zodha viSaya sAmagrI upalabdha karAne, jJAnasAgara vAGmaya sahita sakala jaina 4 vidyA para prakhyAta adhikArI vidvAnoM dvArA nibandha lekhana-prakAzanAdi ke vidvAnoM dvArA prastAva Aye / isake ananta mAsa 22 se 24 janavarI taka 1995 meM byAvara (rAja.) meM munizrI ke saMgha sAnidhya meM Ayojita "AcArya jJAnasAgara rASTrIya saMgoSThI" meM pUrva prastAvoM ke kriyAnvana kI joradAra mAMga kI gaI tathA rAjasthAna ke amara sAhityakAra, siddhasArasvata mahAkavi bra. bhUrAmala jI kI sTecyU sthApanA para bhI bala diyA gayA, vidvat goSThiI meM ukta kAryoM ke saMyojanArtha DaoN. ramezacanda jaina bijanaura aura mujhe saMyojaka cunA gayA / munizrI ke AzISa se byAvara nagara ke aneka udAra dAtAroM ne ukta kAryoM hetu mukta hRdaya se sahayoga pradAna karane ke bhAva vyakta kiye| pU. munizrI ke maMgala AziSa se dinAMka 183.95 ko trailokya mahAmaNDala vidhAna ke zubhaprasaMga para seTha campAlAla rAmasvarUpa kI nasiyA~ meM jayodaya mahAkAvya (2 khaNDoM meM) ke prakAzana saujanya pradAtA Ara. ke. mArbalsa kizanagar3ha ke ratanalAla kaMvarIlAla pATanI zrI azoka kumAra jI evaM jilA pramukha zrImAn pukharAja pahAr3iyA, pIsAMgana ke karakamaloM dvArA isa saMsthA kA zrIgaNeza AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra ke nAma se kiyA gayA / AcArya jJAnasAgara vAgartha vimarza kendra ke mAdhyama se jainAcArya praNIta granthoM ke sAtha jaina saMskRti ke pratipAdaka granthoM kA prakAzana kiyA jAvegA evaM AcArya jJAnasAgara vAGmaya kA vyApaka mUlyAMkana-samIkSA-anuzIlanAdi kArya karAye jAyeMge / kendra dvArA jaina vidyA para zodha karane vAle zodhArthI chAtra hetu 10 chAtravRttiyoM kI bhI vyavasthA kI jA rahI hai| kendra kA artha prabandha samAja ke udAra dAtAroM ke sahayoga se kiyA jA rahA hai / kendra kA kAryAlaya seTha campAlAla rAmasvarUpa kI nasiyoM meM prArambha kiyA jA cukA hai / samprati 10 vidvAnoM kI vividha viSayoM para zodha nibandha likhane hetu prastAva bheje gaye, prasannatA kA viSaya hai 25 vidvAna apanI svIkRti pradAna kara cuke haiM tathA kendra ne sthApanA ke prathama mAsa meM hI nimna pustakeM prakAzita kI - prathama puSpa - itihAsa ke panne - AcArya jJAnasAgara jI dvArA racita dvitIya puSpa - hita sampAdaka - AcArya jJAnasAgara jI dvArA racita tRtIya puSpa - tIrtha pravartaka - munizrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja ke pravacanoM kA saMkalana caturtha puSpa - laghutrayI manthana - byAvara smArikA paMcama puSpa - aJjanA pavanaMjayanATakam - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura

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SaSTama puSpa - jainadarzana meM ratnatraya kA svarUpa - DaoN. narendrakumAra dvArA likhita. saptama puSpa - bauddha darzana para zAstrIya samikSA - DaoN. ramezacandra jaina, bijanaura aSTama puSpa - jaina rAjanaitika cintana dhArA - DaoN. zrImati vijayalakSmI jaina navama puSpa - Adi brahmA RSabhadeva - baisTira campatarAya jaina | dazama puSpa - mAnava dharma - paM. bhUrAmalajI zAstrI (AcArya jJAnasAgarajI) | ekAdazaM puSpa - nItivAkyAmRta - zrImatsomadevasUri-viracita dvAdazam puSpa - jayodaya mahAkAvya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. kailAzapati pANDeya trayodazam puSpa - anekAnta evaM syAdvAda vimarza - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura cartudazam puSpa - Humanity A Religion - mAnava dharma kA aMgrejI anuvAda paJcadazam puSpa - jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailI vaijJAnika adhyayana- DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina SoDadazam puSpa - mahAkavi jJAnasAgara aura unake kAvya : eka adhyayana - nAmaka yaha grantha DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana, saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa kI anupama kRti hai, jisa para Apako kumAyuM vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla dvArA pI. eca. DI. upAdhi pradAna kI gayI hai| - hameM yaha kahate hue parama gaurava kA anubhava ho rahA hai ki AcArya jJAnasAgara vAGmaya para sarvaprathama zodhakArya karake isa dizA meM nava dvAroM ke udghATana kA zreya AdaraNIyA bahina zrI DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana ko jAtA hai / / - jaba ina granthoM kA pracAra nahIM thA, na hI ina para hindI TIkA kI gayI thI, upalabdhatA kaThina thI, aise samaya meM grantha ke saMgraha meM lekhikA ko kaSTa sAdhya zrama karanA par3A aura phira AcArya zrI ke bRhatrayI-kAvya samakakSa "jayodaya mahAkAvya" kA kliSTa, citra bandhamaya bhASA ko hRdayaMgama karane meM hI sAdhAraNa vidyArthiyoM/vidvAnoM kI zakti cUka jAtI hai / parantu isa mahAn mahilA ratna ne sAhasa nahIM chor3A / "kArya | vA sAdhayaM dehaM vA pAteyam" ke mantra se anuguMjita rahate hue AcArya zrI ke samagra vyaktitva va kRtitva kA saTIka mUlyAGkana kara bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM nayA adhyAya jor3A hai| DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana kA mahAna AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja ke kAvyoM para yaha prathama zodha kArya hai, bar3e gaurava ke sAtha kahanA hogA ki eka brAhmaNa kula meM janmI huyI mahilA ne eka jaina kavi ke Upara apanA zodha kArya karane kA mana banAkara sampradAya nirapekSatA kI tathA sAhitya jagata ko pradAna kara nayA kirtimAna sthApita kiyA hai / DaoN. TaNDana jI svayaM isa pustaka meM kahatI hai ki mahAkavi AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja saMskRta sAhitya ko saMskRta sAhitya jagata dharma nirapekSa dRSTi se avalokana kareM to isa yuga ke prathama saMskRta mahAkavi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hoMge, saMskRta mahAkAvyoM ke rahasyoM ko bahuta hI sundara evaM garimAyukta zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / mahAkavi ke sAhitya meM se anamola ralo ko nikAlakara tathA apane zodha grantha ke mAdhyama se | una ratnoM ko hAra kA rUpa pradAna kara sAhitya jagata ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai / kendra ApakI bhUrI-bhUrI prazaMsA karatA hai / ___ ina dinoM paramapUjya muni puMgava zrI sudhAsAgarajI mahArAja kI preraNA se D . .

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pUre bhArata meM mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI racanAoM ke adhyayana/anusaMdhAna ne tIvra gati prApta kI to aneka zodhArthiyoM ko isa dizA meM lempa posTa kI AvazyakatA thI / aneka vidvAnoM ke sujhAva bhI Aye, sabhI zodhArthiyoM, zodha kendroM ko DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana kI Adarza zodha prabandha kendra dvArA upalabdha karAyA jAya tathA yaha mahAkavi jJAnasAgara para likhita prathama koTi kA prathama zodha prabandha hai / ataH ise prakAzita karate hue hameM parama gaurava kA anubhava ho rahA hai / maiM isa avasara para grantha kI svanAmadhanya lekhikA DaoN. kiraNa TaNDana ke prati AbhAra/kRtajJatA aura zraddhAbhAva jJApita karatA hU~, ki unhoMne aneka visaMgatiyoM/vipattiyoM se saMgharSa karate hue AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara kI racanAoM se saMskRta jagat ko na kevala paricita karAyA balki AcArya jJAnasAgara kA adhyayana anuzIlana karane ke liye vidvAnoM ko bAdhya kiyA hai / bhArata kI vidyAnurAgI samAja ApakI cira RNI rahegI / kendra ko prakAzanArtha Apane svIkRti dI usake liye bhI hama Apake AbhArI hai aura AbhArI hai, Apake guruvara zrIyuta harinArAyaNa jI dIkSita ke jinhoneM prastuta grantha para bhUmikA likhakara grantha kA gaurava bar3hAyA hai| kendra pUrva prakAzita sabhI granthoM ke prakAzana meM udAratA pradarzita karane vAle mahAnubhAvoM ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatA hai, jinake sahayoga se hamAre kAryoM ko gati milI hai| hama natamastaka hai pUjya munivara zrI sudhAsAgara jI ke prati zraddhAnavata hai unake tIrthacaraNoM meM, jinakI kRpA-kaTAkSa se alpakAla meM kendra dvArA aneka mahanIya, parizrama sAdhya dusaha kArya sahaja rUpa meM sampAdita ho gaye / kendra ke hara kArya meM tathA pratyeka pragati pakSa meM munizrI kA AzISa hI, kendra kI saphalatA saTIka hetu hai / jaga ko anupama nidhiyA~ nizadina luTAne vAle anagAra ke prati AbhAra vyakta karane kI zakti sAmarthya isa AkiJcana meM nahIM / isa grantha kA prathama prakAzana IsTarna buka liMkarsa, dillI dvArA kiyA gayA thaa| prakAzaka kA AbhAra mAnate huye isa grantha ko sahaja sulabhatA hetu hamArA kendra ise punaH prakAzita kara rahA hai / AzA hai pAThaka gaNa isa graMtha ko apane hAthoM meM pAkara Anandita hoNge| paM. arUNakumAra zAstrI byAvara (rAja.) bRhad-catuSTayI - jayodaya mahAkAvya rASTriya vidvatsaMgoSThI (dinAMka 29.9.95 se 3.10.95) madanagaMjakizanagar3ha meM deza ke vividha bhAgoM se samAgata hama saba sAhityAdhyetA mahAkAvya ke anuzIlana niSkarSoM para sAmUhita kAvyazAstrIya vicAroparAnta vANIbhUSaNa mahAkavi bhUrAmala zAstrI dvArA praNIta jayodaya mahAkAvya ko saMskRta sAhityetihAsa meM bRhattrayI saMjJita zizupAlavadha, kirAtArjunIya evaM naiSadhIyacarita mahAkAvya ke samakakSa pAte haiN| ataH hama saba bRhatrayI saMjita tInoM mahAkAvyoM ke sAtha jayodaya mahAkAvya ko sammilita kara bRhaccatuSTayI ke abhidhAna se saMjJita karate haiM / -

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Wan hama vidvajjagat se yaha anurodha karate haiM ki ukta cAroM mahAkAvyoM ko bRhaccatuSTayI saMjJA se abhihita kareMge / @miss p Kamsas) OM zubhAyAnI jaina Wan Per Ing inter. prA. damakamAi ghaH amRtalAla gaMja 2) namelIya ke bhopAla 5. ArAdhanA jaina Sta 35. mUtra mano kalA jana sudhA pre re Zutal hd yo premaLa juna jai jmanumAra Badrenal hasma phula kalyANa lo ka kA kaiine adyayA mlettga vijayukta DaoN. premasumana jaina, udayapura DaoN. nalina ke zAstrI, bodhagayA 1. 2. 3. DaoN. ajitakumAra jaina, AgarA 4. DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, lADanUM 5. DaoN. phUlacanda jaina, vArANasI 6. DaoN. surezacanda jaina, vArANasI 7. DaoN. dayAcanda sAhityAcArya, sAgara 8. paM. amRtalAla zAstrI, damoha 9. zrImatI camelI devI, bhopAla 10. DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina, bAsaudA 11. DaoN. (ku.) suSamA, mujaphpharanagara 12. DaoN. mutrIdevI jaina, vArANasI 13. DaoN. manoramA jaina, vArANasI 14. DaoN. jyoti jaina, khataulI 15. DaoN. urmilA jaina, bar3auta 16. DaoN. sudhA jaina, lADanUM 17. DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina, sanAvada 18. DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina, burahAnapura 19. DaoN. oma prakAza jaina, kizanagar3ha 20. DaoN. saroja jaina, bInA 21. DaoN. premacanda jaina nAjIbAbAda 22. pro. kamalakumAra jaina, bInA 23. pro. abhayakumAra jaina, bInA 24. DaoN. sanatakumAra jaina, jayapura supAre ziyA Mummons Gone". -~ la 2032 Tasv zrIaaiien 20 dazikSaka pi jaina twinder Contr armomato, zvazuz he-...ti m prabhAvAddha Forward. OM premabaTa saMgakA 43 Onge Pa/dayA Tee sAmI ww(N-C. Jain) s, 1. zrImatI mAlatI jaina, byAvara 2. DaoN. phayyAja alI khA~, kizanagar3ha 3. DaoN. kastUracanda sumana, zrImahAvIrajI 4. paM. jJAnacanda bilTIvAlA, jayapura 5. DaoN. nandalAla jaina, rIvA 6. DaoN. kapUracanda jaina, khataulI 7. DaoN. udayacanda jaina, udayapura 8. DaoN. kamaleza jaina, vArANasI 9. paM. vijayakumAra zAstrI, zrImahAvIrajI 10. DaoN.supArzvakumAra jaina, bar3auta 11. DaoN. zrIkAnta pANDeya, bar3auta 12. DaoN. jayantakumAra lAina 13. DaoN. nemicanda jaina, khuraI 14. DaoN. abhayaprakAza jaina, gvAliyara 1. DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujphpharanagara 2. DaoN. gautama paTela, amahadAbAda 3. DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura 4. DaoN. zItalacanda zAstrI, jayapura 5. DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva, paTanA 6. DaoN. vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA, vArANasI 7. paM. zivacaraNalAla mainapurI 8. DaoN. ratanacandajaina, bhopAla 9. zrI devendrakumAra jaina, gvAliyara 10. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura 11.paM. aruNakumAra jaina, byAvara 12. DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina, vArANasI 13. paM. mUlacanda luhAr3iyA, kizanagar3ha 14. DaoN. sudarzanalAla jaina, vArANasI 15. DaoN. vijaya kulazreSTha, udayapura 16. DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina, dillI 17. DA. premacanda rAMvakA, bIkAnera 18. pro. vimalakumAra jaina, jayapura 19. pro. vimalakumAra jaina, jayapura 20. prAcArya nihAlacanda jaina, bInA 21. zrImatI krAnti jaina, lADanUM

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bhUmikA lekhaka-DaoN0 harinArAyaNa dIkSita ema0 e0, pI-eca. DI0, ge0 liT, vyAkaraNAcArya, sAhityAcArya, sAMkhyayogAcArya, rIDara tathA adhyakSa, saMskRta-vibhAga, kumAyUM vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla (yU0pI0) mAnavajIvana ko sukha-zAntimaya banAne ke lie bhAratIya manISiyoM ne bahisA. satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha nAmaka pAMca mahAvratoM ke paripAlana kA upadeSa diyA hai| cUMki mAnavajIvana ke lie paramopayogI tathA paramAvazyaka saMyama kA sAra-sarvasva inhIM mahAvratoM me samAyA humA hai aura ye kisI bhI deza aura kisI bhI kAla kI sImA se baMdhe hue nahIM haiM, prataH vizva ke kisI bhI deza aura kisI bhI samaya kA koI bhI mAnava ina mahAvratoM kA pAlana karake apane jIvana ko spRhaNIya evaM lokapriya banA sakatA hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai| kintu dhyAtavya hai ki ina mahAvratoM kA paripAlana binA kisI pratibandha (zata) ke kiyA jAnA cAhie; pora na kevala karma se hI, apitu vANI tathA mana se bhI kiyA jAnA cAhie; tabhI ye zatapratizata phaladAyaka hote haiN| tattvadraSTAmoM kA anubhava rahA hai ki sampUrNaniSThA ke sAtha ina mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane vAle manuSya se vizva kA koI bhI prANI, koI bhI jIva-jantu, yahA~ taka ki prakRti bhI, vairabhAva nahIM rakhatA hai| usase koI bhI kisI bhI prakAra kA droha, dveSa, IrSyAbhAva, masUyAbhAva mAdi jaisA koI bhI durbhAva nahIM rakhatA hai| sabhI usake mana, vacana paura kAryoM kI pavitratA para vizvAsa rakhate haiN| partha usakI vANI se nikale hue vAkyoM kA anugamana karate haiM; usake yoga-kSema ke lie sArA samAja jAgarUka ho uThatA hai| usake upayoga meM mAne vAlI kisI bhI vastu kA use prabhAva nahIM rahatA hai| usake zarIra meM, usake vacanoM meM aura usake mana meM eka adbhuta zakti, eka mAdaraNIya bhAkarSaNa tathA eka vilakSaNa prAtmabala kA udaya ho jAtA hai; jisase vaha anupama guNoM kA mAmaya bana jAtA hai aura usake upadezoM meM usake vicAroM kI vipakSaNa saMvAhakatA para kara letI hai| vaha trikAlajJa ho jAtA hai; dUradarzI ho jAtA hai; use apanA pratIta, apanA bartamAna maura apanA bhaviSya spaSTa ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra vaha apane saMyamita jIvana se svayaM sukha-zAntipUrvaka rahatA humA

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(vi) apane pariveza meM pAne vAle logoM ke jIvana ko bhI sukha-zAntimaya banAtA humA sabakA vandanIya bana jAtA hai| kAza ! bhAratIya manISiyoM dvArA samupadiSTa saMyamita jIvana ke ina tattvoM para mAnavasamAja ne dhyAna diyA hotaa| inake prayoga ke pariNAmoM kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA hotaa| inakA adhikAdhika pAlana kiyA hotaa| merA vizvAsa hai ki taba nizcaya hI bhAratIya mAnavasamAja evaM vizva mAnava samAja meM rASTrAdhyakSoM ke prayatnoM ke bAvajUda bhI logoM meM hatyA karane karAne kI hor3a nahIM lagatI; sacAI kA divAlA nahIM nikalatA; cora-bAjArI kA tathA coriyoM para kaitiyoM kA bolabAlA nahIM hotA; kisI kI amAnata meM koI khayAnata nahIM hotI; prabalAmoM kA zIlaharaNa nahIM hotA; mora jamAkhorI karane vAloM kI jAti UMcI nahIM hotii| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAja mAnava kA jIvana saMgharSa kA paryAya bana cukA hai; aura use kahIM bhI bhaNamAtra ke lie bhI pAryantika sukha-zAnti kA anubhava nahIM ho pA . mAnavasamAja kI isa pravAJchanIya dazA se kalAvAdI sAhityakAra bhale hI prabhAvita na ho, kyoMki vaha 'kalA' kI upAsanA 'kalA ke lie' karatA hai| kintu jo sAhityakAra 'kalA' kI upAsanA 'jIvana ke lie' karatA hai, vaha to nizcaya hI isase prabhAvita hotA hai; aura apanI kAvyakalA ke mAdhyama se mAnavajIvana kI isa uparyukta pravAJchanIya dazA meM sudhAra lAne kA prayatna bhI karatA hai| usake isa sAhityika anuSThAna meM usakI vyaktigata rASTrIyatA, jAti, jIvikA, dharma, darzana prAdi kucha bhI bAdhA nahIM pahuMcAte haiN| kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki mAnavatA se bar3hakara kucha bhI saMrakSaNIya nahIM hai| isIlie baha kAntAsammita apane sAhityika sandezoM se 'mAnavamAtra ke kalyANa kI kAmanA karane meM maga bAtA hai| aise hI mAnavatAvAdI, sudhAravAdI, saMvedanazIla sAhityakAro meM mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA nAma, paba taka kI upalabdha prakAzita sAhityika sampatti ke pASAra para nizcaya ho kaniSThikAdhiSThita hai| prApakA janma rAjasthAna prAnta ke sokara nAmaka janapada meM rANolI nAmaka eka grAma meM san 1892 IzavIya meM humaayaa| pApake pitA kA nAma seTha zrIcaturbhuja khaNDelavAla aura mAtA kA nAma tabarI devI thaa| inake atirikta inake pAMca bhAI the jinameM eka to paidA hone ke kucha hI kSaNa bAda kAlakalita ho gayA thaa| yaha prAjIvana naiSThika brahmacArI rahe pora saMskRta vAGmaya, jainadharma tathA jainadarzana kA vidhivat anuzIlana-parizIlana evaM pracAraprasAra karate rhe| yaha prAtmakalyANahetu apanI mAdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke sAtha hI sAtha mAnavasamAja kA bhI kalyANa karane kI kAmanA se sAhitika sAdhanA bhI anavarata karate rahe; jisake phalasvarUpa prAja ke mAnavasamAja ko khovacamma, samudrastapariNa, bIrozya, jabodaya aura sudarzanopaya se pAMca saMsAvakAyAnya

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( vli ) upalabdha hue haiN| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne na kevala saMskRtabhASA meM hI, prapitu hindI bhASA meM bhI apanI kalyANI kAvyakalA kA kamanIya paricaya diyA hai / isa prakAra prApa mAnavajAti ke kalyANahetu prajIvana sAhityasAdhanA meM lage rahe; bhIra anta meM prApa dinAGka eka jUna san unnIsa sau tehattara IzavIya ko nasIrAbAda meM sadA ke lie samAdhiSTa ho gae / mAnavasamAja kA kalyAraNa karane meM mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI kAvyasampatti mahAkavi prazvaSoSa kI kAvyasampatti se bhI adhika mUlyavatI hai / kyoMki mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne bhAratIya manISAprasUta ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacayaM aura aparigraha nAmaka pA~coM hI sArvabhauma mahAvratoM ke paripAlana kI satpreraNA dene kI icchA se eka campUkAvya prora cAra mahAkAvyoM kI sarasa sarjanA karake mAnavasamAja ko saMyamapUrvaka apanA jIvana bitAne kA sarvAGgINa sandeza diyA hai / unake dayodayacampU ke nAyaka kA jIvana pAThakoM ke manaHpaTala para hiMsA kI chavi banAtA hai; samudradattacaritra kA nATaka satya aura steya kI samucita zikSA detA hai; vIrodaya ke nAyaka zrImahAvIra svAmI brahmacarya ke prati prAsthA jagAte haiM; jayodaya kA nAyaka aparigraha ke mahattva ko abhivyakta karatA hai; praura sudarzanodaya ke nAyaka ke jIvana meM Ane vAle ghAtapratighAta ina uparyukta jIvanopayogI sabhI mahAvratoM (saMyamoM) ke pAlana kI zikSA ke sAtha hI . sAtha apane vyaktitva kI pavitratA kI ghIratApUrvaka rakSA karate rahane kA prabhaviSNu sandeza dete haiM / ullekhanIya hai ki mahAkavi jJAnasAgara prAjIvana brahmacarya mahAvrata ke samAnAntara para gRhastha jIvana ke lie paramopayogI paradAravirati ko bhI naiSThika brahmacaryaM mahAvrata ke hI samAna mAnate haiN| samAja ke zAzvata hitahetu unakI yaha vicAradhArA nizcaya hI unakI svatantra manISA evaM dArzanika krAnti kI paricAyikA hai / phalasvarUpa mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke ye kAvya samavetarUpa meM mAnava samAja kA samagra kalyANa karane meM, abhI taka anupama hI haiM / isake alAvA sAhityika dRSTi se bhI ye kAvya kAlidAsa, bhAravi, mAgha aura zrIharSa ke kAvyoM se pratispardhA sI karate hue pratIta hote haiM / kathAvastu, caritracitraNa, bhAvapakSa, kalApakSa, varNana vidhAna, pariveza prAdi kI dRSTi se bhI ye kAvya pratIva sajIva ghora sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakArI haiN| inase saMskRtasAhitya kI prabhUtapUrva zrIvRddhi huI haiM, yaha kahane meM koI pratyukti nahIM hogI / meghA, manISA, pratibhA, lokaMSaNA bhIra saMyama se ghanI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke uparyukta saMskRta kAvyoM kI savidhi sarvAGgINa samIkSA bhI paramAvazyaka thI / kyoMki svarNa ko jaba taka kasauTI para nahIM kasA jAtA, taba taka usakI vAstavikatA sandigdha hI rahatI hai / isI prakAra candana ko jaba taka ghisakara nahIM parakhA jAtA, taba taka usakI sugandhi para samdeha banA hI rahatA hai| isI kAraNa se merI yaha

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(viii) hArdika icchA thI ki mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ke kAvyoM kI anusandhAnAtmaka samIkSA karAI jAya / parantu TIkA-TippaNI ke prabhAva meM ina sabhI kAvyoM kI zodhaparaka zuddha sarvAGgINa samIkSA karanA nizcaya hI cAroM tIrthaM dhAmoM kI paidala pavitra yAtrA karane ke hI samAna pratyanta kaThina kAma thaa| lekina mujhe yaha jAnakara hArdika harSa huA hai ki DaoNkTara (kumArI) kiraNa TaNDana, ema0 e0, sAhityAcArya ( prAdhyApaka, saMskRta vibhAga, kumAyU~ vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla) ne mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke ina samasta saMskRta kAvyoM para apanI nIrakSIravivekinI sahaja prajJA dvArA zodhagrantha ke rUpa meM anusandhAnaparaka zuddha evaM sarvAGgINa samIkSA prastuta karake mere uparyukta saMkalpa ko bhalIbhA~ti sAkAra kara diyA hai| isake lie vaha nizcaya hI vipula prazaMsA tathA badhAI kI pAtra haiM / DaoNkTara TaNDana kA yaha zodhagrantha isa tathya kI sAkSI hai ki unhoMne mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM kI samasta vizeSatAoM prora upAdeyatAoM ko prakAza meM lAne ke lie pracura evaM suniyojita parizrama kiyA hai| unhoMne isameM mahAkavi ke jIvanacarita, kAvyoM ke kathAnakoM ke srota unameM mahAkavikRta parivartana-parivardhana evaM unakA zrIcitya kAvyoM kI vidhAnoM kA prAkalana, vargIkaraNa evaM unakI sAmAjika upAdeyatA, prAkRtika tathA vaikRtika padArthoM kA varNanavidhAna, bhAvapakSa, kalApakSa, mahAkavi kI sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, prArthika, sAMskRtika dhArmika evaM dArzanika vicAradhArAmro Adi samagra apekSita bindunoM para apane vyApaka, gambhIra samIkSAtmaka tathA maulika vicAra prastuta kie haiM tathA inhIM vicAroM ke prAdhAra para saMskRta sAhityakAroM meM mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA aura saMskRtasAhitya meM unake ina kAvyoM kA niSpakSa bhAva se sthAna nirdhArita kiyA hai / isa prakAra samIkSA ke lie apekSita prAyaH samasta bindunoM para apanI sattvasampanna pratibhA dvArA bhrAntihIna evaM sarvAGgINa nirmala prakAza DAlakara viduSI lekhikA ne apane isa zodhagrandha ko mahAkavijJAnasAgarakANya- jijJAsujanoM ke lie kalpatarukalpa banA diyA hai, isameM mujhe koI sandeha nahIM hai / phalasvarUpa mujhe yaha sudRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki yaha zodha grantha saMskRta sAhitya ke samIkSAjagat meM avazya hI zrIvRddhi karegA aura saMskRtasAhitya ke upAsakoM ke lie nizcaya hI nitAnta abhinava, maulika, rocaka evaM paramopayogI upahAra siddha hogA / merA yaha bhI vizvAsa hai ki DaoN0 TaNDana ke isa zodhaprabandha ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhane meM pAThakoM ko kisI bhI prakAra kI koI kaThinatA nahIM hogii| kyoMki unhoMne apane sampUrNa zodhagrantha ko vaidarbhI bhASA-zailI meM likhA hai bhaura pratipAdya kA pratipAdana saMvedanApUrvaka atIva vizadatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| pratha se lekara iti paryanta anucchedoM, vAkyoM aura zabdoM kA sanniveza bhI unhoMne bar3I hI suniyojita, suvicArita evaM sugaThita vidhi se kiyA hai| phalasvarUpa zodhagrantha kA pratyeka adhyAya, pratyeka anuccheda, pratyeka vAkya mora pratyeka zabda apanI-apanI sImA ke

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anurUpa rahakara unake prabhISTa vicAroM ko nirdhAntarUpa se prakaTa karane vAlA ho gayA hai| samIkSA ke saMsAra meM lekhanakalA kA yaha kamanIya kauzala prAyaH biramatA se hI upalabdha hotA hai| __ mere lie yaha pramanda mAnanda kA viSaya hai ki DaoNkTara (kumArI) kiraNa Tapana kA yaha zoSagrantha aba prakAzita ho rahA hai| maiM isakA hArdika svAgata karatA hai| isake pracAra-prasAra ko zubhakAmanAeM karatA hai aura zikSAjagat meM abhinandanIya isa uttama upalabdhi ke lie ma. (kumArI) kiraNa mAna ko hArdika badhAI detA huuN| mujhe surada vizvAsa hai ki sasatasAhitya ke samIkSAjapada se jur3A humA pratyeka karmaTha evaM guNagrAhaka vyakti unake isa zoSagrantha kA nizcaya hI svAgata kregaa| prataeva DaoNkTara TaNDana se meM yaha bhI mAzA karatA hai ki vaha isI prakAra saMtasAhitya ko samRddhi karatI rheN| nainItAla - -harinArAyaNa dIkSita dinAra-13-1-1904 IzavIya

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prastAvanA prastuta zoSa viSaya kA mahattva saMskRta bhASA mahimazAlinI hai| isI bhASA meM hamAre deza ke dharma evaM saMskRti ke granthoM kI raca / huI hai| isa bhASA meM racA gayA sAhitya mAtrA evaM koTi kI daSTi se anya bhASAoM meM race gaye sAhitya kI apekSA adhika mUlya rakhatA hai| kintu prAja ke pAzcAttya sabhyatA ke andhabhakta, kheda hai ki isa bhASA ko matabhASA kahate haiM mora isakA sAhitya 'mAuTa oNpha DeTa' kahalAtA hai| isake atirikta mAja rASTra meM jAtivAda aura sampradAyavAda vyApta haiN| eka sampradAya ke loga dUsare sampradAya ke logoM ko upekSA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM / isa sAmpradAyikatA kA prabhAva anya kSetroM ke samAna saMskRta-kAvya kSetra meM bhI par3A hai / bahusaMkhyaka sanAtanadharmI loga anya palpasaMkhyaka sampradAyoM ke logoM ke kisI kArya ko mahattva nahIM dete| ye loga apane hI sampradAya ke kaviyoM aura vidvAnoM kI racanAoM para apane vicAra prakaTa karate haiN| isakA phala yaha hotA hai ki sAhitya kA eka bar3A aura mahattvapUrNa bhAga prakAza meM Ane se raha jAtA hai / kavi eka sAmAjika prANI hai| prataH usa para usake dharma, jAti, sampradAya ityAdi kA prabhAva par3anA svAbhAvika hai| kintu samAlocaka ko dharma, jAti, sampradAya ityAdi kI maryAdAoM ko chor3akara hI kavi kI racanA kI samIkSA karanI caahie| hama yaha nahIM kahate haiM ki samAlocaka para usake dharma jAti pAdi bandhanoM kA prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| parantu jahA~ taka kavi ke kAvya kI samAlocanA kA prazna hai, vahAM samAlocaka ko kavi ke dharma, jAti, sampradAya ityAdi se koI prayojana nahIM rakhanA cAhie / kyoMki samAlocaka kA kArya to kavi ke mArmika baMduSya ko abhivyakti karanA hai| pazcimI sabhyatA aura AdhunikatA ke raGga meM raMge hue vyaktiyoM ko yaha jAta honA cAhie ki mAja bhI kavi saMskRta bhASA kI zrIvRddhi kara rahe haiN| prataH ina kaviyoM kI kRtiyoM ko dekhane ke pazcAt saMskRta ko matabhASA kahane ke pahale unheM khUba vicAra kara lenA caahie| havAre pAlocya mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara ne bhI saMskRta bhASA meM sAhitya sajanA kI hai| kintu anaparma ke hone ke kAraNa unakA sAhitya bhI sampradAyavAdI

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( xi ) mAlocakoM dvArA upekSita ho gayA hai| kisI bhI samAlocaka ne inakI racanAoM para samIkSAparaka vicAra vyakta nahIM kiye haiM / unakI saMskRta sAhitya-sampadA ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne cAra mahAkAvya, eka campUkAvya prora eka muktaka kAvya kI racanA kI hai| yadi samAlocaka dharmanirapekSa hokara unakI racanAoM ko par3heM to ve pAyeMge ki jJAnasAgara kI racanAe~ uccakoTi ko haiM / jJAnasAgara 20vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiM, ataH bhAja ke yuga meM saMskRta bhASA meM race gaye unake kAvya mahattva rakhate haiM / zodha prabandha meM jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM kA sAhityika mUlyAGkana karane kA hamArA yahI prayojana hai ki sahRdaya sAmAjika saMskRta bhASA ke praprakAzita, upekSita kintu samAjopayogI evaM mahattvapUrNa sAhitya se paricita ho sakeM / samAlocaka pratyeka dharma evaM jAti ke sAhityikoM ke prati nyAya kareM / phira jJAna kisI eka sampradAya vizeSa kI paitRka sampatti nahIM hai / prata: bhale hI loga dUsare sampradAya ke dharma evaM darzana ko na mAneM, kintu unakA vaiduSya mora buddhimattA to sabhI ko svIkAra karanI cAhie / jahA~ taka dharma kA prazna hai, usake kucha mUlabhUta tattva sabhI sampradAyoM meM mAnya haiM; yathA ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura mprigrh| ina pAMcoM mahAvratoM ke pAlana aura pAlana ke pariNAmasvarUpa milane vAle lAbha ke viSaya meM sAmAjika ko zikSA dI hai| prataH hama cAhate haiM ki kavivara jJAnasAgara ko kevala jana dharma kA kavi na mAnakara mAnavatAvAdI kavi mAnA jAe bhora unake prati nyAya kiyA jAya / s prastuta zoSa viSaya para sAhityika mUlyAGkana ko prapUrNatA para eka vihaGgamadRSTisaMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa kI aisI koI bhI pustaka nahIM hai, ' jisameM kavi jJAnasAgara ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva para thor3A sA bhI prakAza DAlA gayA ho / hAM, munizrI jJAnasAgara jaina granthamAlA ke sampAdaka paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI ne jJAnasAgara ke granthoM kI prastAvanA meM unake aura unake granthoM ke viSaya meM thor3A bahuta avazya likhA hai / prakAzacandra jaina ne bhI ina granthoM ke prakAzaka ke rUpa meM kavi kA thor3A sA paricaya diyA hai / zrIsyAdavAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI ke darzana vibhAgAdhyakSa prAcArya paM0 zramRtalAla jaina ne sudarzanodaya kAvyagrantha kI 1. DaoN0 kapiladeva dvivedI dvArA racita 'saMskRta sAhitya kA samIkSAtmaka itihAsa' nAmaka grantha meM pR0 saM0 262 para mahAkavi kI jayodaya nAmaka eka kRti kA mAtra nAmollekha hai / lekina ukta kRti ko sagaM saMkhyA yahA~ prazuddha hai / kyoMki DaoN0 kapiladeva dvivedI ne jayodaya meM bAIsa sagaM batAe haiM, jabaki haiM paTThAIsa / -lesikA

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(xii ) prestAvanA meM kevala sudarzanodaya ko pratyalpa samIkSA prastuta kI hai| isI prakAre paM. indramAla jaina ne bayodaya ko prastAvanA meM, zrI raghuvara datta zAstrI sAhityAcArya ne vIrodaya kI prastAvanA meM tathA paM0 vidyAkumAra seThI ne zrIsamudattacaritra kI prastAvanA meM kavi aura unakI kAvyakalA kA pratIva saMkSipta paricayamAtra diyA hai| DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla dvArA racita 'vorazAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya' nAmaka pustaka ke anta meM bhI zrIjJAnasAgara ke vyaktitva kattatva ke viSaya meM thor3A sA likhA huA prApta hotA hai / paM0 campAlAla jana dvArA sampAdita 'bAhubalI sandeza' nAmaka mAsika prapatra meM bhI zrImAnasAgara ke samAdhimaraNa ke avasara para vibhinna vidvAnoM meM pratIva saMkSipta zoka lekha malita haiN| isake atirikta kucha na patra-patrikAmoM meM bhI kavi ke viSaya meM por3I sI jAnakArI mila jAtI hai| zrIjJAnasAgara tathA unako saMskRta-sAhitya-sampadA ke viSaya meM yatra-tatra bikharI huI patIva saMkSipta uparyakta samasta sAmagrI jaina vidvAnoM ne hI dI hai| yaha sAmagrI hai bhI itanI kama ki isase kavi ke vyaktitva evaM kattatva para santoSajanaka prakAza nahoM par3a sakatA / phira isa sAmagrI meM jJAnasAgara evaM unakI racanAmoM kA saMkSipta paricaya to mila jAtA hai, lekina unakI racanAeM kavitva kI dRSTi se kisa koTi meM mAtI haiM, unakA sAhityika saundarya kyA kasA hai ? prarthAt unakI ravanAmoM kA bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa kaisA hai ? unase mAnava samAja ko kyA zikSA prApta ho sakatI hai pAdi-mAdi aneka samIkSAparaka samasyAmoM kA jina para prastuta zoSa-prabandha meM pUrNa prakAza DAlA gayA hai, koI bhI samAdhAna nahIM milatA hai| prastuta koSakArya kI preraNA saMkRta viSaya se ema0 e0 mora sAhityAcArya karane ke bAda mujhe pI-eca. 0 upAdhi hetu zoSakArya karane kI icchA huii| merI usa hArdika icchA ko bAnakara hamAre paramAdaraNIya adhyApaka DaoN0 harinArAyaNa jI dIkSita (rogra evaM adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhASa, kumAUM vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla) ne mujhe zrIjJAna pAvara viracita 'vIrodaya' nAmaka mahAkAvya gambhIratApUrvaka svAdhyAya karane kA . apanA satsarAmarza dete hue diyA / maiMne ise par3hA to isakI pa.saM. 480 para tavA pAvaraka pRSTha para pAMca anya racanAmoM kA bhI ullekha milaa| merI icchA ina racanAmoM ko par3hane kI huii| apane prAdhyApaka DA. dIkSita kI kRpA se bhI jJAnasAgara kI mora bhI racanAmoM kA paricaya prApta humA / dayodayadhammU ke prastAvanAmAga ko par3ane se prAva humA ki kavivara ne eka do nahIM pUre bAIsa granthoM kI racanA kI hai| inameM kucha anya saMskRta bhASA meM haiM aura kucha hindI bhASA meM / kucha anya sAhityika haiM aura kucha daarshnik| inameM se kucha racanAeM bhAcArya bIvidyAsAgara

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(xiii) jI' kI dhaura kucha racanAeM zrI gaNezIlAla ratanalAla jI kaTAriyA kI bhI mahatI kRpA se prApta huii| isa prakAra se mujhe zrIjJAnasAgara kA sAhitya prApta humA / isase pUrva maiMne jJAnasAgara ke viSaya meM kabhI na to sunA thA, na par3hA hI thA / ataH unakI racanAnoM ke sAtha nyAya karane ke lie maiMne unakI samIkSA karanA ucita smjhaa| ina saba paristhitiyoM se prerita hokara maiMne jJAnasAgara ke sambandha meM pI0 ec0 DI0 kI upAdhi hetu zodha-prabandha likhane kA nizcaya kara liyA mora DaoN0 dIkSita ke sarvathA uttamottama nirdezana meM 'muni zrIjJAnasAgara kA vyaktitva evaM unake saMskRta kAvya-granthoM kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana' viSaya para kumAU~ vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla kI saMskRta zotropAdhi samiti kI saMkSipta rUparekhA svIkRti hetu prastuta kara dii| ukta samiti dvArA svIkRti milane para maiM apanI icchA ko mUrta rUpa dene ke lie tatpara ho gaI aura phalasvarUpa usa samaya maiMne zodha prabandha likhA, vaha aba prApake samakSa prastuta hai / zodha prabandha kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta zodha prabandha meM dasa pradhyAya haiM / inakI vayaM vastu kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai prathama adhyAya meM kavi ke sampUrNa jIvana kA paricaya diyA gayA hai / apanI yuvAvasthA se prAraNa tyAga taka zrIjJAnasAgara jaina-dharma, darzana evaM sAhitya kI jo sevA karate rahe usa sabakA kAlakramAnusAra varNana kiyA gayA hai| unake pratyalpa pArivArika jIvana meM unake mAtA-pitA evaM bhAIyoM kA bhI paricaya diyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt unake saMnyAsi jIvana meM unake gurujanoM evaM pramukha ziSyoM kA paricaya bhI yathAzakti diyA gayA hai / kavi ke janma, gRhatyAga, gurujanoM kI kRpAprApti, ziSyoM ko dIkSA, vibhinna upAdhi dhAraNa karanA, samAdhimaraNa ityAdi se sambandhita tithiyoM kA bhI prAyaH ullekha kara diyA gayA hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM kavi ke jayodaya, bIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, zrIsamudradattacaritra mora dayodayacampU- pA~ca saMskRta kAvyoM kA sArAMza prastuta kiyA gayA hai, 1. prAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI jJAnasAgara jI ke pramukha ziSya haiN| pahale inakA nAma vidyAdhara thA / san 1966 I0 meM jaba kavivara ne inako muni dIkSA dI, tabhI se inakA nAma vidyAsAgara ho gyaa| apane sabhI ziSyoM meM inako yogya dekhakara kavivara ne inako apanA prAcArya kA pada de diyA / janadharma para prAsthA rakhane vAle zrI gaNezIlAla, ratanalAla kaTAriyA jI byAvara ( rAjasthAna) ke nivAsI haiM / munizrIjJAnasAgara granthamAlA se prakAzita pustakoM kA vikraya inhIM ke yahA~ se hotA hai / 2.

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( xiv ) jisase ina saMskRta kAvyoM kI samIkSA hone ke pUrva hI pAThaka ina kAvyoM kI sarasa kathAvastu se pUrNatayA paricita ho sakatA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM kavi ke uparyukta saMskRta-granthoM ke srotoM kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai / 'mahApurANa', 'bRhatkathAkoza' evaM mani nayanandI ke 'sudaMsaraNacariu' meM se kavi ke kAvyoM se sambandhita kathAnoM kA sArAMza prastuta karane ke bAda ukta kathAoM kA manizrI ke kAvyoM se antara prastuta kiyA gayA hai / anta meM kavi kI maulikatA kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| caturtha adhyAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki jJAnasAgara kA kona kAvya kisa vidhA meM pAtA hai ? isalie isa adhyAya meM sarvaprathama kAvya evaM usake pramukha bhedoM para prAsaGgika tathA saMkSipta carcA kI gaI hai| kAvyazAstrIya isa samAlocanA meM prAcArya daNDo tathA prAcArya vizvanAtha ke bhrAdhAra para mahAkAvya ko vizeSatAe~ batAkara jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya aura zrIsamudradattacaritra ko mahAkAvya kI koTi meM siddha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAta campUkAvya kI vizeSatAeM batAkara kavi ke dayodayacampU meM unheM caritArtha kiyA gayA hai| munimanoraJjanazataka' ko muktaka kAvya siddha kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt saMskRta bhASA meM racita kavivara ke pravacanasAra' evaM 'samyaktvamArazataka' kI kAvyazAstrIya mAlocanA ko- unake darzana grantha hone ke kAraNa- anAvazyakatA kI carcA kI gaI hai| paJcama adhyAya meM 'pAtra' zabda kI paribhASA aura umakA kAvya ma mahattva batAyA gayA hai / tAmcAt kavi ke kAvyoM meM ullekhanIya pAtroM kA pratyeka kAvya ke anusAra alaga-alaga evaM samaveta vargIkaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, phira kucha pramukha pAtroM ko cAritrika vizeSataH proM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / anta meM kavivara ke pAtroM kI sAmAjika upayogitA siddha karane ke bAda mAgaMza meM yaha batA diyA gayA hai ki jJAnasAgara ne sabhI prakAra ke pAtroM ko prastuta karane meM prazaMsanIya saphalatAprApta kI hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM sarvaprathama padArtha-varNana pora kAvya meM usake mahattva para carcA kI gaI hai / tatpazcAt prAkRtika padArtha kA paricaya dekara kavivara aura unakA prakRti varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa prasaGga meM U~ce-UMce parvata, samudra, vana, nadI, sarovara, Rtu, kAla ityAdi kA jJAnasAgara ke anusAra varNana unake prakRtiprema kA paricaya prastuta karatA hai| prAkRtika padArthoM kA varNana karane ke bAda vakRtika padArthoM kA bhI varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / dvIpa, deza, nagara, grAma, mandira ityAdi ke varNana kavi ke varNana kauzala ko prakaTa karane meM samartha siddha hue haiM / isake bAda jhUlA-jhUlane, patagakrIr3A, pAnagoSThI ityAdi ke bhI varNanoM ko prastuta kara diyA gayA hai|

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(xv ) saptama adhyAya meM mahAkavi ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM kI bhAvapakSa ke anusAra pAlocanA kI gaI hai / sarvaprathama kAvya meM bhAvaNa kA mahattva evaM usake bhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / tatpazcAt rasa, rasAbhAsa, bhAva, bhAvAbhAsa, bhAvazAnti, bhAvodaya, bhAvasandhi mora bhAvazabalatA ke mammaTa evaM vizvanAtha sammata lakSaNa dekara kavivara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM inakA mamanveSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isI sandarbha meM kavi ke saMskRta kAvya-granyoM meM vastu-dhvani pora guNIbhUtavyaGgya ko bhI carcA kI gaI hai / anta meM bhAvapakSa kI dRSTi se jJAnasAgara ko saphala mahAkavi siddha kiyA gayA hai| praSTama adhyAya meM kavi ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke kalApakSa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / kalA kA svarUpa, usakA kAvya meM mahattva evaM bhedoM para vicAra karane ke bAda alaGkAra, chanda, gIta, guNa, bhASA, zailI, vAgvadagdhya, saMvAda, dezakAla ityAdi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| aura phira jJAnasAgara ke kAmyoM meM prApta ina sabhI kI caritArthatA siddha kI gaI hai / anta meM ina sabhI kI samAlocanA karake kavivara ko eka saphala kalAkAra ke rUpa meM siddha kiyA gayA hai| navama adhyAya meM kavi ke jIvana-darzana kI carcA kI gaI hai, jisase jJAta ho jAtA hai ki kavi ke samAja, rAjanIti, arthavyavasthA, saMskRti, dharma evaM darzana ke sambandha meM kyA vicAra the ? unake kAvyoM meM variNata jainadharma kI carcA se yaha spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki na kevala saMskAravaza apitu upayogitA kI dRSTi se kavi ne jaina dharma ko sarvazreSTha rUpa meM mAnA hai| dazama adhyAya, jo upasaMhArAtmaka hai, meM kavi evaM unake kAvyoM kI saMskRta-sAhityakAroM evaM saMskRta-kAvyoM meM koTi nirdhArita kI gaI hai| kavi ke antyAnuprAsa evaM gItoM ke AdhAra para prAcIna evaM prAdhunika kaviyoM ke bIca unakI maulikatA siddha ko gaI hai| tadanantara unake kAvyoM meM sAhitya ke mAdhyama se darzana ko prastuta karane kI kalAkuzalatA ko svIkRta karate hue unheM eka zreSTha kavi aura unakI kRtiyoM ko zreSTha kAvyakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM siddha karake zodha-prabandha ko samApta kara diyA gayA hai / isa prakAra yahA~ taka apane zodha-prabandha ko sampUrNatA dekara anta meM pAMca pariziSTa bhI diye gaye haiM, jinakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai prathama pariziSTa meM saMskRta bhASA meM jJAnasAgara dvArA racita do dArzanika kRtiyoM samyaktvasArazataka (molika) evaM pravacanasAra (manuvAda kRti) kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| dvitIya pariziSTa meM kavi ko hindI bhASA meM racita RSabhAvatAra, dhanya. kumAra kA varita, pavitramAnava jIvana, sarala jaina vivAha vidhi, kartavyapathapradarzana, citta vivecana, svAmI kunda kunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma, tattvArthasUtraTIkA,

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( xvi ) vivetya evaM samayasAra-sabhI sAhityika evaM dArzanika maulika kRtiyoM kA tathA dArzanika TIkA-kRtiyoM kA pramita paricaya diyA gayA hai| tRtIya pariziSTa meM sUktiyoM kI mahattA para vicAra karane ke bAda mahAkavi saMskRta kAvya-pranpoM meM prayukta sUktiyoM kI sAriNI prastuta kI gaI hai, jo kavi kevAgvadagbhya kA spaSTa paricaya detI hai| caturva pariziSTa meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ko mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke viSaya meM prazaMsAtmaka uktiyAM evaM stutiyAM prastuta kI gaI hai, jo unakI mUtimatI lokapriyatA kI sAkSiNI haiN| paJcama pariziSTa meM apane zoSa prabandha ke lesana meM sahAyaka pramukha-pramukha mantroM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| ___ mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke vyaktitva evaM kattuM tva para prAdhArita isa zoSa prabandha ko prAyopAnta par3hane se yaha jJAta ho jAyagA ki vaha na kevala saMskRta bhASA kepitu hindI bhASA ke bhI sAhityakAra the| unake vyaktitva meM sAhityika evaM dArzanika kI samAna chavi dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa doharI bhUmikA ko kavi ne na kevala apane kattatva meM prapitu apane jIvana meM bhI bar3I saphalatApUrvaka nibhAyA hai| unakA 'jayodaya' nAmaka mahAkAvya hI unheM saphala mahAkavi siddha karane meM samaya hai, phira anya tIna mahAkAya bora eka campUkAvya kI racanAeM to unake mahAkavitva meM sandeha kA koI sthAna hI nahIM rahane detiiN| sahRdaya sAmAjikoM evaM samAlocakoM se merA nivedana hai ki ve dharmanirapekSa hokara hI jJAnasAgara evaM unakI kAmya-sampadA ko samajhane kA yatna kreN| maiMne bhI eka jaina kavi ke kAvya kI samAlocanA karane meM dharma evaM jAti ke bandhanoM kI cintA nahIM kI hai| kAvyapremiyoM ko to kavi ke kAmyoM kI kAvyAtmakatA se hI prayojana honA cAhie, usake varma evaM jAti se nhiiN| pAnArapradarzana . prastuta zoSa-prabandha nirdezana kA bhAra lekara mere paramAvaraNIya gurudeva 5. harinArAyaNa bI dIkSita (rITara evaM adhyakSa, saMsata vibhAga, kumAyaM vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla) ne mere prati mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| prAcArya domita jI nAmamAtra ke hI nirdezaka nahIM rahe, kyoMki unake kriyAtmaka nirdezana ke hI phalasvalpa merA yaha zoSa-prabanna prastuta ho sakA hai| unhoMne kevala zAndika preraNA nahIM dI, apitu zrImAnasAgara ke kAvya bhI svayaM hI maMgAMkara mujhe par3hane ko li| mere zoSa-viSaya se sambandhita anya aneka pustakeM papane nijI pustakAlaya bAratApUrvaka dene meM to unhoMne kabhI mAnasika soca bhI nahIM kiyaa| unhAne nirantara zoSa-viSaya sambandhI prapane vidvattApUrNa sujhAva hI mujhe nahIM diye, bapitu kArya ke prati mere pramAda ko bhI dUra karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyaa| yaha

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( xvii) likhane bhora kahane meM kiJcinmAtra bhI atyukti nahIM hai ki mujhe apanA zodha-prabandha pUrA karane meM unake paropakAra, prAzIrvAda, dIrghakAlIna adhyApanAnubhava paura zAnaprAcurya se satata sahAyatA evaM dizAdRSTi milatI rahI hai| prataH maiM hRdaya se unakI prAmArI evaM kRtajJa huuN| paM0 amRtalAla jaina (adhyakSa, janadarzana-bibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI) ke prati apanA prAbhAra prakaTa karatI huuN| unhoMne mujhe samayasamaya para zoSa-prabandha hetu sujhAva diye haiM aura jaina-darzana-sambandhI granthoM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI bhI dI hai| paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI (adhyakSa, digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana, myAvara) ne kavivara jJAnasAgara kI saMskRta-kAvya kRtiyoM kA sampAdana kiyA hai| sAtha hI unake dvArA sampAdita jana-dharma evaM darzana ke grantha bhI mere lie paramopayogI siddha hue haiN| sakalakIti viracita sudarzanacarita kI pANDulipi kI pratilipi bhI mujhe unhIM ko mahatI kRpA se prApta huI hai| prataH unake prati bhI maiM hRdaya se bhAbhArI huuN| .. zrI cetanaprasAdapATanI (pravaktA, hindI vibhAga, jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya) ke prati bhI meM apanA prAbhAra prakaTa karatI haiM, kyoMki kavivara ke ziSya prAcArya vidyAsAgara jI se unhoMne mere viSaya meM patra-vyavahAra kiyA aura zodhakArya hetu 'pArAdhanAphayAkoza' nAmaka grantha bhI mujhe diyaa| ___ mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke pramukha prAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke prati bhI maiM kRtajJa huuN| mere patravyavahAra karane para unhoMne kucha vidvAn sajjanoM ko merI sahAyatA karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| unameM se eka to zrI nihAlacandra jI jaina (pradhAnAdhyApaka, TIkamacandra jaina iNTara kAleja, ajamera) haiN| unhoMne merI prArthanA karane para upalabdha kavi ke jIvana se sambandhita kucha sAmagro bhejakara mujhe anugRhIta kiyaa| dUsare haiM zrIjaganmohanazAstrI (avakAzaprApta adhyApaka, damoha), jinhoMne prAcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke prAdeza se zrIjJAnasAgara dvArA viracita kucha sAmagrI tathA kavi kI jIvanI se sambandhita kucha patra-patrikAe~ bhijvaaii| maiM una donoM kI bhI hRdaya se prAbhArI huuN| ___ munizrIjJAnasAgara jaina granyamAlA kI pustakoM ko vikraya kI suvidhA pradAna karane vAle zrI gaNezIlAla ratanalAla kaTAriyA kapar3A bAjAra, byAvara kI bhI prAmArI haiM, kyoMki unakI kRpA se mujhe kavivara jJAnasAgara kA kAphI sAhitya prApta ho sakA hai| rASTrIya saMskRta saMsthAna, zAstrI bhavana, naI dillI se mujhe zoSakArya hetu chAtravRtti milI, jisase merI zodhakArya sambandhI Arthika kaThinAI kAphI mAtrA meM

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( xviii) hala huI / ataH maiM isa saMsthA tathA isake nidezaka, upanidezaka evaM kAryakartAoM ke prati hRdaya se AbhArI evaM kRtajJa huuN| zoSa-grantha ko likhate samaya merI anujA DaoN nIrajA TaNDana, prAdhyApaka, hindI-vibhAga, kumAyUM vizvavidyAlaya nainItAla, ne merI hara sambhava sahAyatA kI hai / mataH merA hRdaya unake uttarottara utkarSa kI kAmanA karatA hai| ___ sAtha hI jina kaviyoM, lekhakoM aura samAlocakoM kI kRtiyoM ko par3hakara maiMne lAbha prApta kiyA hai, una sabakI sUcI zodha-prabandha ke pAMcaveM pariziSTa meM banAI gaI hai| yahA~ maiM una sabake prati apanA prAbhAra prakaTa karatI huuN| zrI zyAma malhotrA, IsTanaM buka liMkarsa, 5825, nyU candrAvala javAharanagara, dillI-110007 kI bhI maiM kRtajJa hU~, jinhoMne isa zodhaprabandha ke prakAzana evaM mudraNa kA bhAra lekara mujhe cintAvinirmukta kiyA hai| maba yaha zodha-grantha sahRdaya, sughI, vidvAn pAThakoM ke samakSa isa prAzAvizvAsa se prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai ki unheM bhI yaha pasanda paaegaa| prAdhyApikA, saMskRta vibhAga, kumAyUM vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla / -kiraNa TaNDana

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viSayAnukramaNikA pR0 saM0 bhUmikA ___v-ix prastAvanA x-xvlil prastuta zoSa viSaya kA mahattva, prastuta zodha viSaya para sAhityika mUlyAGkana kI prapUrNatA para eka vihaga dRSTi, prastuta zodhakArya kI preraNA, prastuta zodha-prabandha kA saMkSipta paricaya evaM prAbhArapradarzana / prathama adhyAya-mahAkavijJAnasAgara kA jIvana vRttAnta 1-17 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI janmasthalI, mAtA-pitA, zikSA-dIkSA, kAryakSetra, pramukha ziSya-muni zrI vidyAsAgara, brahmacArI zrI lakSmInArAyaNa, zrI 108 zrI vivekasAgara, kSullaka zrI svarUpAnanda tathA brahmacArI zrI jamanAlAla, mahAkavijJAnasAgara ko prAcArya pada kI prApti, mahAkavi ko cAritra cakravartI pada kI prApti, mahAkavijJAnasAgara kA tyAga, sallekhanA evaM samAdhimaraNa / dvitIya adhyAya-mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyagranthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 18-58 jayogya mahAkAvya kA saMkSipta kathAsAra, vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA saMkSipta kathAsAra, sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya kA saMkSipta kathAsAra, zrIsamudradattacaritra mahAkAmya kA saMkSipta kathAsAra, dayodayacampU kA saMkSipta kathAsAra evaM munimanoraJjanazataka kA saMkSipta kathAsAra / tRtIya adhyAya-vahAkavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-pranthoM ke srota . 56-115 kAvya srota : eka sAmAnya cintana, kavivara jJAnasAgara aura unake kAvya-srota, jayodaya mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota-mahApurANa (mAdipurANa bhAga-2), mUlakathA meM parivartana aura parivardhana, vIrodaya mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka ke srota-mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), mUlakathA meM parivartana bhora parivadhana, sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota-bRhatkathAkoza meM variNata subhaga gopAla ke kathAnaka kA sArAMza, puNyAsrava kathAkoza meM pariNata subhagagopAlacara sudarzana seTha kapA kA sArAMza, brahmacArI nemidatta viracita mArAdhanA kathAkoza meM variNata

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( xx ) paJcanamaskAra mantra prabhAva kathA, bhaTTAraka sakalakItiviracita zrosudarzanaparita evaM zrIvidyAnandiviracita sudarzanacarita-mUlakathA meM parivartana aura parivardhana, bahatkathAkoza aura sudarzanodaya, parivardhana, sudaMsaNacariu mora sudarzanodaya, parivardhana, zrIsamudradattacaritramahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota-bRhatkathAkoza meM variNata bhobhUtipurohitakathAnaka kA sArAMza, ArAdhanA kathAkoza meM varNita 'zrIbhUteH kayA' kA sArAMza, mUlakathA meM parivartana aura parivardhana, bRhatkathAkoza bhora zrosamudradattacaritra, ArAdhanAkathAkona aura zrIsamudradattacaritra, dayodayacampU ke kathAnaka kA srota-bRhatva yAkoza meM varNita 'magasenapIvarasya kathAnakam' kA sArAMza, mArAdhanAkthAkoza meM varNita magasena dhIvara kI kathA kA sArAMza, mUlakathA meM parivartana paura parivardhana evaM sArAMza / caturtha adhyAya-mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyagranthoM kI kAvyazAstrIya viSAe~ 116-146 . kAvya evaM kAvya vidhAe~ : eka saMkSipta paricaya-kAvya, zabda, prarSa, malaGkAra, chanda, mAtmA, varNya-viSaya, zailI, guNa-doSa, kAvyavidhAe~ kavi ke saMskRta kAvya evaM kAvyazAstrIya vidhA : eka samanvayajayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, zrImamudradattacaritra, dayodayacampU, munimanoraJjanazataka, kavi kI saMskRta kAvyasampadA, kavi ke dArzanika panya evaM saaraaNsh| paJcama adhyApa-mahAkavijJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA 147-196 kAvya meM pAtroM kA mahattva, kavivarajJAnasAgara ke pAtroM kA pAlana evaM vargIkaraNa, RSivarga, rAjasevaka varga, prajAvarga, mAnavetara vargadevavarga, vyantara varga, pAtroM kA vyaktigata caritracitraNa, jayodaya ke pAtra-jayakumAra, sulocanA, prakIrti evaM rAjA prakampana / vIrokSa ke pAtra-bhagavAn mahAvIra, rAjA siddhArtha priyakAriNI evaM zrI, hrI deviyaaN| sudarzanodaya ke pAtra-sudarzana, manoramA, abhayamatI, seTha vRSabhadAsa, jinamati, dhAtrIvAhana, kapilA brAhmaNI, paNDitA dAsI evaM devadattA vezyA / zrosamudradattacaritra ke pAtra-bhadramitra, satyapoSa evaM rAmadattA / dayodayacampU ke pAtra-somadatta, viSA, guNapAla, guNazrI, govinda gvAlA, basantasenA evaM anya pAtra, kavivarajJAnasAgara pAtroM kI sAmAjika upayogitA evaM sArAMza /

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( ni ) SaSTha adhyAya-mahAkavijJAnasAgara kA varNanakozala) 267-24 varNana kauzala : eka mUlyAMkana, prakRticitraNa : eka vizleSaNa, parvata varNana-sumeru, himAlaya, vijayA evaM zrIpuruparvata varNana, vana, nadI; sarovara, samudra evaM dIpa varNana, dvopa Rtu varNana-basanta, grISma, varSA, zarad evaM hemanta varNana, kAlavarNana-prabhAta, divasa, sandhyA evaM rAtrivarNana, rastuvarNana : eka vihagAvalokana, dezavarNana-bhAratavarNana, mAlabadeza varNana, maGgadeza varNana, nagaravarNana-kuNDanapura, campApurI, ujjayinI, stabakaguccha, cakrapura, hastinApura evaM kAzIvarNana, grAma; mandira, samavasaraNa maNDapa, yAtrA, yuddha evaM vividha varNana tapA saaraaNsh| saptama anyAya-mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke saMsata kAvyoM meM bhAvapakSa 245-310 bhAvapakSa kA mahattva, bhAvapakSa ke bheda, rasa-svarUpa, rasa-saMsyA nirNaya, muni zrI ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhaGgorasa-zAnta rasa kA svarUpa, jayodaya meM variNata zAnta rasa, vIrodaya meM variNata zAnta rasa, sudarzanodaya meM pariNata zAntarasa, zrIsamudradattacaritra meM pariNata zAnta rasa, dayodayacampU meM variNata zAnta rasa, kavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM maGgarasa-jayodaya meM varNita maGgarasa-zRGgAra, vIra, roda, hAsya, vIbhatsa evaM vatsala, sudarzavodaya meM variNata maGgarasa--zRGgAra, rodra, madbhuta evaM vatsala, zrIsamudradattacaritra meM varNita praGgarasa-bIra, karuNa, roda evaM vatsala, dayodayacampU meM variNata maGgarasa-zRGgAra, karuNa evaM vatsala, rasAbhAsa kA svarUpa, kavijJAnasAgara ke saMsAta kAvyoM meM rasAbhAsa-jayodaya meM ratAbhAsa-aGgAra rasAbhAsa evaM bhayAnaka ratAbhAsa, sudarzanodaya meM rasAbhAsa-zAnta rasAbhAsa, zRGgAra rasAbhAsa evaM rodra rasAbhAsa, zrIsamudradattacaritra meM rasAbhAsa-sAntarasAbhAsa evaM zRGgAra rasAbhAsa, dayodavacampU meM rasAbhAsa-zAnta rasAmAsa, bhAva kA svarUpa, kavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhAvajayodaya mahAkAvya meM bhAva-bhagavad viSayaka bhaktibhAva, guruviSayaka bhaktibhAva, napaviSayaka bhaktibhAva, vyaMgya vyabhicAribhAva, aparipuSTasvAminAva, vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM bhAva-devaviSayaka bhaktibhAva, mupaviSayaka bhaktibhAva, guruviSayaka bhAva, vyaMgya vyabhicAribhAva evaM aparipuSTa sthAyibhAva, zrIsamudradattacaritra meM bhAva-devaviSayaka bhaktibhAva, guruviSayaka bhaktibhAva, vyaMgya vyabhicArabhAva evaM aparipuSTa sthAyibhAva, syodayadhampa meM bhAva-devaviSayaka bhaktibhAva, guruviSayaka bhaktimAna, vyaMgya abhicAribhASa evaM paripuSTa sthAyibhAva, gAvAmAra

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( xxii ) kA svarUpa, kavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhAvAbhAsa, bhAvazAnti kA svarUpa, kavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhAvazAnti, bhAvodaya kA svarUpa, kavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhAvodaya -jayodaya meM bhAvodaya, vIrodaya meM bhAvodaya, sudarzanodaya meM bhAvodaya, zrIsamudradattacaritra meM bhAvodaya evaM dayodayacampU meM bhAvodaya, bhAvasandhi kA svarUpa-kavi jJAnasAgara viracita jayodaya meM bhAvasandhi, vIrodaya meM bhAvasandhi, sudarzanodaya meM bhAvasandhi, zrIsamudradattacaritra meM bhAvasandhi, dayodayacampU meM bhAvasandhi, bhAvazabalatA-jayodaya meM bhAvazabalatA, vIrodaya meM bhAvazavalatA, sudarzanodaya meM bhAvazabalatA, zrIsamudradattacaritra meM bhAvazabalatA, dayodayacampU meM bhAvazavalatA, dhvani kA svarUpa-kavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM dhvani, guNIbhUtavyaMgya kA svarUpa, kavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM guNIbhUtavyaMgya evaM saaraaNsh| aSTama adhyAya-mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyagranthoM meM kalApakSa . 11-366 kalA kA svarUpa aura bheda, kAvyakalA ke maGga, kAvya meM kalA kA anupAta, mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM kalA nirUpaNa, pralaGkAraanuprAsa, yamaka, mAdya yamaka, mukha yamaka, yugma yamaka, puccha yamaka, ekadezaja antya yamaka, zleSa, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, prapati , prarthAntaranyAsa, parisaMkhyA, parikarAGkura, saMsRSTi evaM saMkara, citrAlaGkAra-cakrabandha, gomUtrikAbandha, yAnabandha, tAlavRntabandha evaM kalazabandha, chanda-upajAti, biyoginI, rapoddhatA, mAtrAsamaka, dutavilambita, bhAryA, basantatilakA, kAlabhAriNI, zAIlavikrIDita, dohA, puSpitAgrA, paJcacAmara, mIta (rAga-rAgiNI) mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgyoM meM gIta-prabhAto, kAphI holikArAga, zyAmakalyANa rAga, sAraGga rAga, saurASTrIya rAga, kavvAlI, guNa, mAdhurya kA svarUpa evaM usake abhivyaJjaka tattva, mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM mAdhurya guNa, mojoguNa kA svarUpa evaM usake abhivyaJjaka tattva, mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhojo. guNa, prasAda guNa kA svarUpa evaM usake abhivyajaka tatva, mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM prasAda guNa, bhASA, mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM kI bhASA zailI-baMdI, goDI evaM pAMcAlI zelI, mahAkavijJAnasAgara kI zailI, vAgvadagdhya, mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM vAgvadagdhya, saMvAda, dezakAla evaM sArAMza /

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( xxiii ) navama adhyAya-mahAkavijJAnasAgara kA jIvana darzana 497-426 jIvana darzana : eka saMkSipta paricaya, kavi kI sAmAjika, rAjanaitika Arthika evaM sAMskRtika vicAradhArA, kavi kI dhArmika vicAradhArA -jainI mahAtmAnoM ke kramika vikAsa ke sopAna-puruSa vargIya jainI mahAtmA-jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM prApta hone vAlI jaina mahAtmAyoM kI zreNiyA~-digambara muni, muni, RSi, yogI, ahaMnta, parameSThI, strI vargIya janI mahAtmA prAyikA, kSulikA, jJAnasAgara kI dRSTi meM jainadharma aura prata -pranayaMdaNDavata, sAmayika zikSAkta, proSadhopavAsa vrata, bhogopabhogapariNAma, zikSAvrata, atithisaMvibhAgazikSAvrata, jJAnasAgara kI dRSTi meM jainadharma kA jJAnapaJcaka, jJAnasAgara ke kAgyoM meM pravadhijJAna evaM kevala jJAna, kavi kI daSTi meM Izvara, karmakANDa evaM jainadharma ko upayogitA, kavi kI dArzanika vicAradhArAsyAdvAda siddhAnta, dravyasvarUpa evaM bheda, dhyAna, karma, guNa, sthAna, prAtmA, gupti, samiti, upayoga, yoga, dharma-adharma evaM puruSa kA kartavya, pramAga tathA sArAMza / dazama adhyAya-upasaMhAra 430-436 jJAnasAgara kA saMskRta kaviyoM meM sthAna, jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya. granthoM-jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, zrIsamudradattacaritra evaM dayo dayacampU-kA saMskRta sAhitya meM lthAna evaM sArAMza / / prathama pariziSTa-mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko saMskRta bhASA meM likhita dArzanika kRtiyAM 440-441 maulika kRti-samyaktvasArazataka, anuvAda kRti-pravacanasAra / dvitIya pariziSTa --- mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko hindI racanAeM 442-448 maulika kRtiyAM-RSabhAvatAra, dhanyakumAra kA carita, pavitra mAnava bovana, sarala jaina vivAha vidhi, kartavyapapa-pradarzana, sacittavivecana evaM svAmI kunda kunda praura sanAtana jainadharma, TokAkRtiyAM-tattvArtha sUtra TIkA, vivekodaya evaM samayasAra, maprakAzita rcnaaeN| tRtIya pariziSTa-bahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko sUktiyAM 446.455 caturtha pariziSTa-mahAkavi mAnasAgara kI anyakRta prazastiyAM 456.462 paJcama pariziSTa-sapa anya sUcI 463.468 anukramaNikA 469-475

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prathama adhyAya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana vRttAnta bhAratavarSa prArambha se hI mahApuruSoM kI janmasthalI rahA hai| yahAM kI dharA ne hI rAma, kRSNa, buddha, mahAvIra aura mahAtmA-gAMdhI prAdi jaise mahApuruSoM ko; kAlidAsa, azvaghoSa, bhavabhUti, jayadeva, tulasI, sUra prAdi jaise mahAkaviyoM aura pANini, kAtyAyana, pataJjali, vyAsa, jaimini, gautama, kaNAda, kapila, guNamA, jinabhadra, bharata, bhAmaha, mammaTa prAdi prAcAryoM ko janma diyA hai / mahAkavi ko janmasthalI - isI bhAratavarSa meM rAjasthAna nAmaka eka pradeza hai jo rUpa, raMga, mora dharma ko samaveta vizeSatAmoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / isa pradeza meM jayapura ke samIpa sIkara nAmaka eka jilA hai, jisameM 'rANolI' nAmaka eka grAma hai| isa grAma meM 'rANA' upanAmadhArI kSatriya pracura mAtrA meM rahate haiN|' IzA kI aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM isa grAma meM khaNDelavAla jAtIya, chAbar3A gotrotpanna, jana-dharma meM mAsthA rakhane vAle seTha sukhadeva jI rahate the| unake putra kA nAma caturbhuja thA, jisakA vivAha dhRtavArI devI se huaa| 1. 'janamitra', sAptAhika patra, muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI kA saMkSipta paricaya vIra-saMvata 2462 vaizAkha sudI 8, (28-4-1966) pR0 saM0 253 / / (kha) paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanAbhAga, pR0 sN03| 3. (ka) vahI, (kha) vahIM, (ga) devakumAra jaina, samyaktvasArazataka kI prastAvanA meM se / (gha) DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, vorazAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya, saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn mAcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja, pR. saM0 270 / (Ga) zrI caturbhuja rAnolI ke, jo vIrabhUmi pAsa hai| dhRtavalI devI ke sahita, zrIvIra para vizvAsa hai / / zrIlAlaSI jaina vaidya, hisAra, munipUjana, pR0 saM06

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2 . mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana mahAkavi ke mAtA-pitA caturbhuja ko chaH putraratnoM kI prApti huI, jisameM pAMca jIvita rhe| sabase bar3e putra kA nAma chaganalAla rakhA gayA / usake pazcAta patavArI devI ne do jur3avA putroM ko janma diyaa| kintu janma ke kucha hI samaya ke bAda jIvana ke lakSaNa na milane se donoM zizumoM ko mRta mAna liyA gyaa| parantu zIghra hI eka zizu meM jIvana ke lakSaNa prApta hue para dUsarA bAlaka mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| jIvita bAlaka kA nAma 'bhUrAmasa' rakhA gyaa| yahI bAlaka mAge calakara prAcArya zrI 108 jJAnasAgara ke nAma se vikhyAta humaa|' amanalAla evaM bhUrAmala ke pratirikta patavArI devI ne tIna aura putroM ko janma diyaa| bhUrAmala ke ina anujoM ke nAma kramazaH isa prakAra haiM :-gaMgAprasAda, gaurIlAla paura devIdatta / / zikSA-dIkSA bAlyakAla se hI bhUrAmala kI adhyayana ke prati ruci thI / sarvaprathama kUvAmana ke zrI paM. jinezvaradAsa jI ne rANolI grAma meM hI bhUrAmala ko dhArmika evaM mokika zikSA dii| para unakI ucca zikSA kA prabandha gAMva meM na ho skaa| . isI bIca isa sampanna jana-parivAra ke samakSa eka mahA vipatti pA gii| chaganalAla kI Ayu 12 varSa kI thI aura bhUrAmala ko kevala 10 varSa / isI samaya unake pitA caturbhuja kI vi0 saM0 1556 (san 1902) I. meM mRtyu ho gii| pitA kI mRtyu ho jAne se bAlaka bhUrAmala kI pArivArika arthavyavasthA bigar3a gii| (ca) mUlacandra caudharI, RSabhadevacarita, bhUmikA bhaag| (cha) paM0 campAlAla jaina vizArada, bAhuvalIsandeza meM se / (ja) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda (rAja.), zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, (1-6-1974) pR0 saM0 2 (jha) DaoN. paM. lAla bahAdura zAstrI, jana gajaTa, 10 saM0 1 . (2) zrI indra prabhAkara jaina, vorodaya (mAsika prapatra), pR0 saM0 1 1. muni saMgha vyavasthA samiti, nasIrAbAra (rAja.), bI jJAnasAgara bI mahArAja ___ kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, (1-9.1974), pR0sN02| 2. (ka) banamitra, sAptAhika patra, muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI kA saMkSipta pariSaya, bIra saMvat 2462, pezAsa surI 8, (28.4.1969) 30 saM0 253 (kha) paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntamAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanA bhAga, pR. saM0 / 1. munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAra, (rAja.), zrI mAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, (1-6-1974) pR0 saMkhyA 2 /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana vRtAnta phalasvarUpa bhUrAmala ke adhyayana meM bAdhA upasthita ho gaI / ' bhUrAmala ke sabase choTe bhAI devIdatta kA janma pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda humA / 2 parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa karane ke lie bhUrAmala ke bar3e bhAI dhanamAja ko apanI isa bAlyAvasthA meM hI ghara se nikalanA pdd'aa| prAjIvikA kI boca karate hue vaha gayA phuNce| vahAM unhoMne eka jaina dukAnadAra kI dukAna meM naukarI kara lI / zikSA prApti ke sAdhana ke prabhAva meM bhUrAmala bhI apane bar3e bhAI ke pAsa gayA cale gae aura vaha bhI kisI jainI seTha kI dukAna meM kAma khojane lage / 3 isa prakAra jIvana-yApana karate hue eka varSa bIta gyaa| isI bIca syAdavAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI ke chAtra kisI samAroha meM bhAga lene ke lie gayA prAye / unako dekhakara bhUrAmala ke bhI mana meM vArANasI meM vidyA grahaNa karane kI balavatI icchA utpanna ho gii| unhoMne prapane bhAI se isa sambandha meM nivedana kiyA / yadyapi ghara kI paristhiti ko dekhakara chaganalAla, bhUrAmala ko vArANasI nahIM bhejanA cAhate the, kintu adhyayana ke lie bhUrAmala kI Dar3hatA bhaura tIvra lAlasA dekhakara unheM svIkRti denI pdd'ii| isa prakAra 15 varSa kI Ayu meM bhUrAmala vidyA grahaNa karane vArANasI cale gaye / 4 vArANasI meM syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya se unhoMne saMskRta-sAhitya evaM janadarzana kI ucca zikSA prApta kii| isI bIca kvonsa kAleja, kAzI se unhoMne 1.. (ka) paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanA bhAga pR0 saM0 Da / (kha) janamitra, sAptAhika patra, muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI kA saMkSipta paricaya, vIra saMvat 2462, vaizAkha sudI 8 ( 28-4-1966) pR0 saM0 253 (ka) bahI / (kha) vahI / 3 (ka) vahI / vahI / 1 4. bahI / yahI / prakAzacandra jaina, 'bIrodaya' (mahAkAvya) ke prakAzakIya meM se / (gha) paM0 campAlAla jaina, bAhubalIsamdeza meM se / (Ga) DaoN0 paM0 sAlabahAdura zAstrI, caina gajaTa, pR0 saM0 1 / (ca) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda (rAja0), prAcArya zrI zAnasApara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pU0 saM0 2 /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana zAstri-parIkSA uttIrNa kii| bhUrAmala parIkSA pAsa karane ko jJAna kI saccI kasoTI nahIM mAnate the / unake anusAra grantha ko AdyopAnta samajhanA prAvazyaka thaa| apanI isa mAnyatA ke kAraNa saba kAryoM se virakta hokara vaha adhyayana meM juTa ge| rAta-dina, eka-eka karake vaha granthoM ko par3hate aura ka.NThastha karate the| isa prakAra inhoMne vArANasI meM rahate hue thor3e hI samaya meM zAstri parIkSA ke sabhI granthoM ko acchI prakAra se par3ha liyA thaa| bhUrAmala ke zikSA-grahaNa karate samaya, jana praNIta saMskRta vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya ke grantha prakAsa meM nahIM pAe the, prataH unakA parIkSAmoM meM prabhAva pAyA jAtA thA / phalasvarUpa sabhI chAtroM ko janetara granthoM ko par3hakara hI parIkSA uttIrNa karanI par3atI thii| jaina-granthoM kA aisA prabhAva bhUrAmala ko acchA nahIM lgaa| unakI prabala icchA huI ki aprakAzita jaina-pranyoM ko prakAza meM lAyA jAya / bharAmala ke atirikta anya vyakti bhI isa mora prayatnazIla hue| phalasvarUpa bhUrAmala aura una logoM ne milakara nyAya evaM vyAkaraNa ke kucha prakAzita jana-granthoM ko kAgI vizvavidyAlaya evaM kalakattA parIkSAlaya ke saMskRta pAThayakrama meM nirdhArita karAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyaa| sAtha hI bharAmala ne yaha bhI hada nizcaya kara liyA ki parIkSA uttIrNa karane ke bAda maiM jana-granthoM kA prakAzana karavAne kA prayAsa kruuNgaa| unhoMne vArANasI meM rahate hue jainAcArya praNIta hI nyAya, vyAkaraNa, sAhityAdi granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA, janetarAcArya praNIta granthoM kA nhiiN| usa samaya kI eka vAta aura cintanIya thI, aura vaha yaha ki vArANasI ke saMskRta-pradhyApaka chAtroM kI icchA hone para bhI unheM jainAcAryapraNIta granthoM kI zikSA nahIM dete the| bhUrAmala ne apane dRr3ha-nizcaya ke anusAra yena-kena-prakAreNa adhyApakoM (cha) zrI indra prabhAkara jaina, vIrodaya (mAsika gajaTa), pR0 saM0 2 / (ja) DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DA0 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya, saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAna-prAcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja, pR0 saM0 270 / 1. (ka) DA0 paM0 lAlabahAdura zAstrI, jaina gajaTa, pR0 saM0 1 / (kha) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda (rAja.), prAcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pa0 saM0 2 / 2. paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanAbhAga, pR0 ddh| . 3. paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU prastAvanAbhAga, pR0 saM0 rnn|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana vRttAnta se jana granthoM kI zikSA prApta kii|' isa samaya paNDita umarAva siMha jI mahA. vidyAlaya meM dharmazAstra ke adhyApaka the| bhUrAmala ko jana-granthoM ke adhyayana kI preraNA inhIM se milI / bAda meM paM0 umarAvasiMha ne brahmacarya-pratimA aMgIkRta kara lI aura brahmacArI jJAnAnanda jI ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| yahI kAraNa hai ki apane kAgyoM ke maMgalAcaraNa meM guruvandanA ke samaya bhUrAmala inhIM kA nAma ullikhita karate rhe| bhUrAmala apane adhyayana-kAla meM bhI svAvalambana para hI vizvAsa karate the| una dinoM meM bhI unhoMne kisI ke sAmane hAtha nahIM phailaayaa| vaha apane parizrama se upAjita dhana se hI vidyAlaya ke bhojanAlaya meM bhojana karate the|5 kArya kSetra zAstrI kI upAdhi prApta karake zrI bharAmala jI apane grAma (rANolI) noTa pAe / aba unake sAmane kArya-kSetra ko cunane kI samasyA thii| eka ora to adhyayana adhyApana ke prati ruci, aura dUsarI mora parivAra kI zocanIya paristhiti / para unhoMne donoM hI sthitiyoM ko prAdarzapUrNa rIti se samhAlA / vidyAlayoM meM vaitanika sevA meM rata adhyApakoM kA anukaraNa karate hue, gAMva meM rahakara sthAnIya jaina-bAlakoM ko niHzulka zikSA dene lage; aura sAtha hI parivAra kI Arthika dazA sudhArane ke lie dukAnadArI bhI karate rhe| ina donoM kAryoM ke atirikta unakA svAdhyAya to nirantara calatA hI rahatA thaa| 1. bahI, 2. malavIjaM malayoni galanmalaM pUtagandhi bIbhatsam / / pazyannaGgamanaGgAdviramati yo brahmacArI saH // -paM0 hIrAlAla sidAntazAstrI, jainadharmAmRta, 4 / 135 3. paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanAbhAga, pR0 saM0 Na / 4. jJAnena cAnandamupAzrayantazcaranti ye brahmapathe sajantaH / / teSAM gurUNAM sadanugraho'pi kavitvasaktI mama vighnlopii|| . -vIrodaya mahAkAvya, 106 5. paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, bAhubalIsandeza, pa0 saM0 14 .. 6. (ka) paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanAbhAga, pR0 saM0 t| (kha) 0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM 0 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, bIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya, pR0 saM0 270 / (ga) prakAzacandra jaina, vorodaya (mahAkAvya) ke prakAzakIya meM se /

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mahAkavi mAnatAmara ke kAna-eka adhyayana isI bIca zrI bhUrAmala zAstrI ke bar3e bhAI chaganalAsa bhI gayA se lauTakara ghara mA gae / taba donoM bhAiyoM ne milakara dukAna dvArA prAjIvikopArjana kiyA mora choTe bhAiyoM kI zikSA-dIkSA evaM dekha-rekha kA kArya bhI kiyaa| . paM. bhUrAmala zAstrI kI yuvAvasthA, vidvattA, gRhasaMcAlanapaTutA, mAjIviko. pArjana kI yogyatA mAdi guNoM se bhaneka loga prabhAvita hue| phalasvarUpa inake vivAha hetu prastAva bheje jAne lge| mAiyoM evaM sambandhiyoM ne bhI unase vivAha kara mene kA bhAgraha kiyA / parantu jana-sAhitya ke nirmANa aura usake pracAra meM vivAha ko eka bahuta bar3I bASA mAnakara unhoMne apane zikSAkAla (18 varSa kI Ayu) meM hI bhAjIvana brahmacArI rahane kI pratijJA kara lI thii| prataH apane sambandhiyoM ke bhAgraha ko ThukarA diyA aura apane bhAjIvana brahmacArI rahane kI incA bhI prakaTa kara dii| brahmacarya-vrata kA aMgIkAra karane ke bAda mAtma-kalyANa evaM jaina-kAvya-nirmANa ke inka 50 bharAmala zAstrI dukAna ke kAma kI bhora se bhI udAsIna ho ge| phalasvarUpa vaha dukAna kA kArya apane bar3e bhAI aura choTe bhAiyoM ko pUrNarUpeNa sauMpakara jJAnArASana meM hI lIna ho ge| unhoMne eka samaya zuddha sAttvika bhojana, 1. paM0 horAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanAmAga, pR0 saM0 ta / 2. (ka) paM0 hIrAlAla sidAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanAbhAga, pR0 saM0 (sa) DA. vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya, 10 saM0 270 / (ga) paM0 campAlAla jaina, bAhuvalIsandeza, pradvitIya zramaNa, pR. sa. 37 (ba) mUlacandra caudharI, RSabhacarita, muni zrI jJAnasAgara kA paricaya / (ka) zAntisvarUpa jaina, munipUjana meM se| (ca) dharmacanda modI, smArikA, prAcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja, pR0 saM0 12 / (cha) meM paM0 lAlabahAdura zAstrI, jainagajaTa (sAptAhika), pR0 saM0 1 (ja) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda, (rAja.), bIjJAnasAgara jI __ mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pR0 s02| 3. (ka) 4. hIrAlAla sidAntazAstrI, dayodayabampU, prastAvanAmAga, pR.saM. (ba) vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, vIra zAsana ke prabhAva prAcArya, pR0 saM0 270 / (ba) gaeN. paM0 lAsabahAdura zAstrI, jainagajaTa (sAptAhika), pa. sN.| (ba) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAra (rAja.), zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pR.saM. 2 /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana vRtAnta adhyayana evaM lekhana ko hI prapanI dainika caryA banA liyA / isI bIca unako dA~tA (rAmagar3ha) meM saMskRta - adhyApana ke lie bulAyA gyaa| vaha vahIM gae aura paramArthabhAva se par3hAne lage / isa prakAra adhyApana bhaura kAvyasarjanA dvArA sarasvatI kI prArAdhanA karate hue unhoMne jaina sAhitya evaM darzana kI prabhivRddhi kI / unake ye grantha saMskRta evaM hindI, donoM hI bhASA proM meM haiM / saMskRta bhASA meM likhita unake kAvya-granthoM kI saMkhyA 8 hai; mora hindI meM likhe gaye unake choTe moTe sabhI granthoM kI saMkhyA 14 taka pahu~ca gii| unake ina 22 granthoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai : jJAnasAgara ke grantha saMskRta grantha 1 sAhityika grantha dArzanika grantha sAhityika grantha mahAkAvya campU kAvya muktakakA0 I dayodaya muni0 zataka I T jayodaya bIrodaya sudarzano zrIsamudra daya dattacaritra T pravacana sAra L jaina vi0 kartavyapatha vidhi pradarzana tatvArtha sUtraTIkA bibekodaya sacita vivecana 1 hindI grantha 1 T RRSabhAvatAra guraNasundara vRttAnta samyaktvasAra zataka dArzanika grantha T bhAgyodaya niyamAnusAra kA padyAnuvAda mAnavajIvana samaya sAra devAgamasrota kA praSTapAhuDa kA svAmI kunda hindI padyAnuvAda padyAnuvAda kunya dhora sanAtana jainadharma | paM0 campAlAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza, bhadvitIya bhramaNa pR0 saM0 37 (kha) DA0 paM0 lAlabahAdura zAstrI, jaMnagajaTa (sAptAhika) pU0 saM0 2. bahI /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana inameM se saMskRta sAhitya-grantha, saMskRta-premiyoM aura hindI grantha jana-sAdhAraNa ko jaina darzana kI vizeSatAmoM se paricita karAne ke lie likhe gae haiN| ye anya na kevala jaina sAhitya evaM darzana ko, apitu sampUrNa, saMskRta-vAGmaya kI amUlya nidhi haiN| . isa prakAra aneka granthoM ke nirmANa evaM paThana-pAThana meM paM0 bhUrAmalazAstrI jI ne apanI yuvAvasthA vyatIta kii| jaba unako prAyu 51 varSa kI huI, taba vikrama saMvat 2004 (san 1947 I.) meM mAtma-kalyANa kI prabala bhAvanA se bAlabrahmacArI hote hue bhI prAcArya vIrasAgara jI mahArAja kI prAjJA se unhoMne majamera nagara meM brahmacarya pratimA dhAraNa kara lii|' vi0 saMvat 2006 (san 1946 I.) meM pASAr3ha zuklA aSTamI ko unhoMne pUrvajoM kA ghara pUrNatayA chor3a diyA aura ajamera magara, kesaragaMja meM saptamapratimA aMgIkRta kara lii| isa samaya unakI prAyu 53 varSa kI ho cukI thii| vikrama saMvat 2007 (san 1950 I0) meM brahmacArI paM0 bhUrAmala zAstrI sva. prAcArya sUryasAgara jI ke pAsa dillI gae, vahA~ vaha pahAr3I dhIraja kI dharmazAlA meM ruke| yahIM para digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana ke adhyakSa paM. hIrAlAla jI siddhAntazAstrI se inakI bheMTa huii| siddhAntazAstrI jI ke hRdaya para brahmacArI jI ke vyaktitva evaM kartRtva kA pamiTa prabhAva pdd'aa|4 paM0 bhUrAmalazAstrI isa samaya bhI jJAna kI sAdhanA meM lage rahate the| unhoMne 1. (ka) paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodaya campU, prastAvanAbhAga, pR0 saM0 (kha) zrI indraprabhAkara jaina, vIrodaya (mAsika prapatra), pR0 saM0 1 / (ga) paM. campAlAla jaina, bAhuvalIsandeza meM se / (gha) isase adhika bhayabhIta ho, puni ghora nidrA se jge| zrI vIrasAgara pUjya ke nija sauMdha ko DhUMDhane lage // puni jAya zrI prAcArya ke, caraNana navAyo mAya ko| apane hRdaya ke bhAva saba, darzAye muni zrI nAtha ko / una samajha asalI rUpa ko, brahmacarya kI mAtrA kyo / hokara magana guru paga parasa, mana dRr3hapratijJA kara lyii| -zrIlAla jaina vaidya, hisAra, munipUjana, pR0 sa0 6 2. brahmacarya pratimA hI saptama pratimA hai| -paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, jainadharmAmata, 4135 3. gaurIlAma jaina, bAhuvalIsandeza, pR0 saM0 33 / 4. paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 sa0 13

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA bIvana vRttAnta isI samaya prakAzita hue siddhAntagrantha zrIdhavala, jayadhavala, mahAbandha kA gambhIra svAdhyAya kiyaa|' dhIre-dhIre. bhUrAmala ke mana meM viraktabhAva aura bhI bar3hA, phalasvarUpa vi0 saMvat 2012 (san 1955 I0) meM manasurapura (renavala) meM unhoMne vIrasAgara jI mahArAja ke samIpa kSullaka dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| tadanantara bahuta sA samaya hisAra meM bitAkara bhArata ke pramukha nagaroM meM bhramaNa kiyA, mora prAcArya zrI namisAgara jI mahArAja kA sAnnidhya bhI prApta kiyaa| isI bIca unake dvArA racita "samyaktvasArazataka' kA bhI prakAzana hmaa|' 1. paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, dayodayacampU, prastAvanAbhAga, pR0 sa0 pa / 2. gRhaspaH prApya vairAgyaM dehabhogabhavAdiSu / tyaktvA gRhaM kuTumbaM ca prAgAdyo munisannidhim // mArAdhya munisatpAdau shkbhuupendrpuujito| gRhItvA kSullakoM dIkSAM khaNDavastrasamanvitAm / / gurupArve sthito nityaM so'tti bhikSAM paragRhAt / udadiSTavajitAkhyekAM dazamI pratimAM bhajet // mastake muNDanaM locaH kartanaM vA samAcaret / dvitribhirvA caturmAsarva tI sadvatasaMyutaH // svavIyaM prakaTIkRtya tapaH kuryAd dviSaDvidham / sadopavAsabhedAdisambhavaM karmaghAtakam // ___ x x bahUpavAsa maunaM ca sthAnaM vIrAsanAdikam / sadoSAhAriNAM sarva vyayaM syAdaviSadugdhavat // mahisAsyaM vrataM mUlaM batAnAM muktisAdhakam / / . nazyet SaDjIvadhAtena sadoSAhAragrAhiNAm / / -paM. horAlAma siddhAntazAstrI, zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, praznottara zrAvakAcAra; 24 / 22-76 3. (ka) zrI indra prabhAkara jana, vIrodaya (mAsika prapatra), pR0 sa. 1 (kha) paM. pampAlAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza (mAsika) pa... 34 /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana jhulmaka banane ke bAda bhUrAmalazAstrI jI ailaka' avasthA meM bhI kucha samaya rahe / brahmacArI se ailaka banane taka paM0 bhUrAmala zAstrI 108 zrI vIrasAgara jI mahArAja ke saMgha meM rahate hue hI tyAgI puruSoM ko dhArmika aura zAstrIya pratya pAte the| brahmacArI mUrAmala se muni zrImAnasAgara vikrama saMvat 2016 (san 1956 I.) meM zrI bhUrAmala jI ne jayapura meM prAcArya zrI zivasAgara jI mahArAja se digambara muni-dIkSA grahaNa kI; pora samasta bAhya parigraha kA parityAga kara diyaa| isa avasara para unakA nAma jJAnasAgara rakhA gyaa| sAtha hI unako saMgha kA upAdhyAya bhI banA diyA gayA / apane isa upAdhyAya pada kA sadupayoga unhoMne sAdhu-puruSa evaM striyoM ko par3hAne meM kiyaa| 1. 'gyArahavIM pratimA dhAraNa karane vAle jo zrAvaka kevala laMgoTI hI pAraNa karate haiM, anya vastra nahIM, unako ailaka kahA jAtA hai|' -paM0 pramatalAla jaina zAstrI, sAhityadarzanAcArya, jaina-vibhAgAdhyakSa, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta-vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI dvArA preSita 10 pharavarI san 1977 I0 ke patra meM se| (ka) zrI indraprabhAkara jaina, vIrodaya (mAsika prapatra), pR. saM0 1 (sa) gaeN0 50 lAlabahAdura zAstrI jaina gajaTa (sAptAhika), pR0 saM0 1 () 'gRha taja sUri vIrasiMdhu saMgha, sAdhuvarga adhyayana kraa|| jhulmaka ailaka krama se banakara, muni banane kA bhAva bharA // 5 // -prabhudayAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 saM0 15 3. 'yo hatAzaH prshaantaashstmaavaambrmuucire| yaH sarva-saGga-santyaktaH sa nagnaH parikIrtitaH // ressnnaatleshraashiinaamussimaahurmniissinnH| mAnyatvAdAtmavidyAnAM mahaviH kIryate muniH // -40 hIrAlAla sisAnta zAstrI, jaina dharmAmRta, 5537-38 4. (ka) zrI indraprabhAkara jaina, vIrodaya (mAsika prapatra), pR0.saM. 1 (ba) "pUraNa parigraha tyAgane kI, bhAvanA paragaTa bhaI / prAcArya zivasAgara muni, DiMga bAya muni dIkSA mii|" -zrIlAla jaina vaica, munipUjana, pR0 saM07 (1) paM0 hIrAlAla sidAntazAstrI, bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 saM0 14

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana vRttAnta 11. vikrama saMvat 2018 (san 1661 I0 ) meM vaya adhika hone ke kAraNa zArIrika durbalatA se pIr3ita hone ke bAvajUda bhI saMgha se nikala kara rAjasthAna ke nAgarikoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra karane lage / 1. muni dIkSA lene ke bAda muni zrIjJAnasAgara aneka sthAnoM para gaye / vahA~ unake pravacanoM se prabhAvita hokara aneka zraddhAlu tyAga kI bhAvanA se unake pAsa dhAyA karate the / vi0 saMvat 2021 (san 1964 I0 ) meM munizrI ne meDhA grAma meM dillIvAsI zrI phirojIlAla jI ko zrAvakottama kSullaka dIkSA pradAna kI / 2 muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne jaina-dharma ke pracAra-prasAra hetu aneka sthaloM para cAturmAsa bhI kiye| vi0 saMvat 2021 / (san 1964 I0) meM hI unhoMne phulerA ( rAjasthAna ) meM cAturmAsa hetu prasthAna kiyA / 3 vikrama saMvat 2022 (san 1965 I0) muni zrI jJAnasAgara ke jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa varSa hai / isa varSa prApane ajamera nagara meM cAturmAsa kiyaa| isI nagara meM phatehapura nivAsI zrI sukhadeva jI godhA bhora jayapura nivAsI zrI mUlacanda jI boharA ko unhoMne zrAvakottama kSullaka dIkSA pradAna kI / * tatpazcAt vihAra karate hue vaha vyAvara gaye / vahA~ kI janatA munizrIjJAnasAgara ke bhAne se prasanna ho gii| unhoMne bahA~ tIna mAsa vyatIta kiye| paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI jI kI muni zrI jJAnasAgara se yahAM bhI bheMTa huI / siddhAntazAstrI jI ne unake granthoM ke prakAzanAdi ke viSaya meM unase carcA kii| kintu munizrI ne isa viSaya meM koI prAdeza nahIM diyA, kyoMki isa kArya meM dhana kI prAvazyakatA thI / prataH zrI siddhAntazAstrI kucha nirAza hue| unhoMne apanI yahI icchA prapane sahayogiyoM ke samakSa prakaTa kI, to sabhI ke sahayoga ke pariNAma svarUpa 'muni zrI jJAnasAgara granthamAlA' kI sthApanA huI; dhaura muni zrI dvArA racita dayodaya, vIrodaya ityAdi (ca) "saMvat do hajAra solaha meM, jayapura nagara lAniyoM mAMya / zivAcArya se dIkSA lekara, jJAnasiMdhu munirAja kahAya || 6 || " - prabhudayAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 saM0 15 (Ga) munisaMghavyavasthA samiti, nasIrAbAda (rAja0), zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pR0 saM0 4 1. zrI indra prabhAkara jaina, 'vIrodaya, (mAsika prapatra ) - pR0 saM0 1 2. bahI 3. zrImAlIna vedya, munipUjana meM se / 4. paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, bAhubalIsandeza pR0 saM0 13 5. zrI indraprabhAkara jaina, borodama (mAsika prapatra ), pR0 saM0 1

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mahAkaSi mAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kAmyagranthoM kA prakAzana humaa|' ajamera cAturmAsa ke avasara para hI muni zrI jJAnasAgara ne svaracita mahAkAvya 'jayodaya' kI saMskRta evaM hindI TokA bhI milI, jisakA prakAzana prabhI vArANasI meM ho rahA hai / mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke pramukha ziSya : zrImAnasAgara ke pramukha ziSyoM kI saMkhyA 6 hai; aura unake nAma kramazaH isa prakAra haiM :-munizrI vidyAsAgara, kSullaka svarUpAnanda, pra. lakSmInArAyaNa mAla, muni zrI 108 zrI vivekasAgara, ba0 jamanalAla jI, muni zrI 108 zrI vijayasAgara jI, ailaka pI 1.5 zrI sammatisAgara jI, kSullaka sukhasAgara jI evaM zrI 105 kSullaka saMbhava-sAgara jI / inameM se prathama pAMca ziSyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai :1. muni zrI vidyAsAgara vikrama saMvat 2024 (san 1067 I.) ke pUrva hI kizanagaMja (madanagaMja) cAturmAsa ke avasara para brahmacArI jI paNDita vidyAkumAra jI seThI (ajamera) ne muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI se maisUra prAMta ke belagAMva jile meM sadalagA nAmaka grAma meM utpanna brahmacArI vidyAdhara kA paricaya kraayaa| vikrama saMvat 2024 (san 1967 I0) meM brahmacArI vidyAdhara muni zrI jJAnasAgara ke pAsa hI rahe / hindI evaM saMskRta bhASAmoM se anabhijJa vidyAdhara ne paM0 mahendra kumAra jI pATaNo, kAvyatIrtha, kizanamar3ha (madanagaMja) aura muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja se ina donoM zAkhAmoM kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| muni zrI mAnasAgara jI ke sAnnidhya meM raha kara vidyAdhara ke hRdaya meM vairAgya kI bhAvanA bhI prabalatara hotI gaI / vi0 saMvat 2025 (san 1967 I.) meM ajamera nagara meM muni zrI jJAnasAgara ne bra0 vidyAdhara ko icchA ke anurUpa unheM nigraMndha muni-dIkSA de dii| isa samaya se unako 'vidyAsAgara'- isa nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| isa samaya vidyAdhara jI kI pAyu kevala 22 varSa thii| 2. brahmacArI lakSmInArAyaNa jI san 1968 I. ke maktUbara mAsa meM brahmacArI lakSmInArAyaNa jI ko muni 1. paM. horAlAla sidAntazAstrI, bAhubalosandeza, pR0 saM0 13 2. 7.50 vidyAkumAra jI seThI, vahI, pR0 saM0 35 3. (ka) zrI indra prabhAkara jaina, jainasiddhAnta, 10 saM0 10-11 (kha) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda (rAja.), zrI zAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya', pu. saM. 3 4. paMcampAlAla jI, jaina siddhAnta, pR. saM0 10-11 5. meM paM0 lAmabahAdura zAstrI, jana gajaTa, 10 saM0 1

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mahAkavijJAnasAgara kA jIvana vRttAnta zrI jJAnasAgara ke sAnnidhya kI prApti huii|' sAta pharavarI san 1966 I0 ko nasIrAbAda meM inhoMne muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI se muni-dIkSA grahaNa kii| 3. bI 108 zrI vivekasAgara jI inhoMne nasIrAbAda meM 7 pharavarI san 1966 I0 ko muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI se muni-dIkSA grahaNa kii| 4. kSullaka zrI svarUpAnanda jI muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke dIkSA grahaNa ke avasara para dIpacanda nAmaka yuvaka muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI se bahuta prabhAvita huaa| bhaktivaza usane muni zrI ke para dabAye / san 1966 I0 meM hI isa yuvaka ne vyAvara jAkara muni zrI se dIkSA ko yAcanA kii| tatpazcAt bI0 kAma. prathama varSa kI parIkSA aura 22-5 san 1966 I. ko muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI se prAjIvana brahmacarya vrata svIkAra kara liyaa| 20 aktUbara san 1972 I0 ko muni jJAnasAgara jI ne brahmacArI dIpacanda. ko kSullaka dIkSA dekara kSullaka svarUpAnanda nAma diyaa| 5. brahmabArI jamanAlAla jo inhoMne dinAMka 14 julAI san 1970 I0 (vi0 saMvat 2026) ko muni 1. (ka) zrI indraprabhAkara jaina, vIrodaya (mAsika prapatra), 10 saM0 2 (kha) 'jJAna' 'vidyA' se phira inakA saMgama huprA / -prabhudayAla jaina, vIrodaya (mAsika prapatra), pa0 saM0 3 2. (ka) vhii| (kha) 'jJAnasiMdhu' hue Aja dIkSA guru, prabhu jIvana nayA hogA inakA shuru|| (ga) 'guru' 'jJAna' suM dIkSA lekara baraNa jAsI dharma divAkara, cAritra sajA siNaMgAra, majI zivamArga baNAyoM jI / / __ -motIlAla paMvAra, vIrodaya (mAsika prapatra), pa0 saM0 3 . 3. zrI svarUpAnanda jI, bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 saM0.3 4. vhii| pR0 saM0 4 (ba) digambara jaina samAja vyAvara, smArikA, pa0 saM0 14 6. (ka) vahI, pa0 saM0 86 (kha) vahI, pu0 saM0 14

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tr zrI jJAnasAgara jI se kSullaka dIkSA grahaNa kI / " muni zrI 108 zrI vijayasAgara jI, ailaka zrI 105 zrI sanmati sAgara jI, zrI 105 kSullaka, saMbhavasAgara jo dhIra kSullaka sukhasAgara jI ne kaba-kaba dIkSA grahaNa kI ? yaha batAnA kaThina hai / kevala pramukha ziSyoM meM inakI gaNanA hI ullikhita huI hai / muni zrI jJAnasAgara ko prAcArya pada kI prApti zrI vivekasAgara ke dIkSA grahaNa ke avasara para jaina samAja ne 7 pharavarI san 1969 I0 meM muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI ko prAcArya pada se suzobhita kiyaa| san 1970 I0 meM prAcArya muni zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA cAturmAsa renavAla (kizanagar3ha) meM sampanna hubhrA / 4 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana isa prakAra prAtmakalyANa kI bhora unmukha dUsaroM ko bhI isI mArga kI preraNA dene vAle mahAkavi prAcArya jJAnasAgara kI avasthA lagabhaga 80 varSa ho gaI / isa avasthA meM bhI gauravaNaM bhora tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa tejasvI vyaktitva vAle prAcArya jJAnasAgara jI ke adhyayana-adhyApana meM pUrNa virAma nahIM lgaa| saMgha meM rahane vAle vyaktiyoM ko nirantara par3hAne, sAhitya racanA karane prAdi meM hI unakA 1. 'do hajAra chabbIsa sAla meM, dharmavRddhi ko bhArI / 'jJAnasiMdhu' prAcArya zaraNa meM, saptama pratimA dhArI // sAr3ha sudI dazamI ko, prajamera meM hue nihAla haiM / kSullaka dIkSA lete dekhojI 'jamanAlAla' haiM / ' prabhudayAla jaina, jaina siddhAnta, pR0 saM0 5 2. (ka) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda ( rAja0), zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pR0 saM0 3 (kha) 'parama ziSya muni 'vidyAsAgara', ailaka 'sanmati', muni 'viveka' / kSullaka 'saMbhava' 'vijaya' praru 'sukha' pe haiM 'svarUpa' lAkhoM meM eka // ' - prabhudayAla jaina bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 saM0 15 3. (ka) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda (rAja0), zrI jJAnasAvara jo kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pR0 saM0 4 (kha) 'jaina samAja saMgha ekatrita pada prAcArya nasIrAbAda / 4. do hajAra paccIsa kI saMvat, diyA havaM se kara jaba gAda // ' - prabhudayAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 saM0 15 paM0 campAlAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza, pu0 saM0 34

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara kA bovana vRttAnta samaya vyatIta hotA thaa| vaha dina meM eka hI bAra mAhAra evaM jala grahaNa karate the| pAhAra ke nAma para thor3A anna evaM bhAmaraMsa yA dUdha hI lete the| isa samaya vaha sasvazakti se pUrNatayA sampanna the| unake adhyayana-adhyApana kA kAryakrama prANa ke adhyApaka evaM pradhyetAmoM ke lie pAzcarya kI vastu hogii| prAcArya jJAnasAgara jI kA saMgha meM par3hane kA kAryakrama isa prakAra rahA karatA thA: (ka) prAta: 5-30 le 6-30 taka adhyAtmataraMgiNI bhora smysaarklsh| (kha) prAtaH 7 se 8 taka prmeyrtnmaalaa| (ga) prAta: 8 se 1 taka samayasAra / (gha) 10-30 se 11.30 taka praSTasAhasrI / (1) madhyAhna 1 se 2 taka kAtantrarUpamAlA vyAkaraNa / (ca) madhyAhna 3 se 4 taka paMcAstikAya / (gha) sAyaM 4 se 5 taka paMcatantra / (ja) sAyaM 5 se 6 taka jainendra vyAkaraNa / ' mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke sAnnidhya meM rahane vAle vyaktiyoM ke kapanAnusAra unakA hastalekha sundara evaM suspaSTa thaa| unhoMne kabhI bhI khyAti kI kAmanA nahIM kI / isI kAraNa apane sAhitya evaM darzana ke grantha-samUha kA prakAzana karAne ke prati vaha udAsIna ho rahe / inake prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva evaM vaktRtva zaMlI ne aneka vyaktiyoM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| zrI prabhayalAla jaina, zrI pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, zrI svarUpacandra kAsalIvAla', zrI chaganalAla pATaNI, vaidya baTezvara dayAla bakariyA ityAdi vyaktiyoM ne jaba-jaba mahAkavi, prAcArya muni zrI ke darzana kiye, taba-taba unase kucha-na-kucha mAna prApta kiyaa| 1. / (ka) zrI paM. campAlAla jaina, jaina-siddhAnta, pu. saM. 3 (ba) DaoN. vidyApara joharApurakara evaM gaM. kastUracanda kAsalIvAna, vIrazAsana ke prabhAvaka bhAcArya, pR0 saM0 27. 2. svarUpAnanda jI, bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 saM05 4. paM.campAlAla jaina, bAhubalIsaMdeza meM se / 5. vahI, pRSTha saM0 17 6. vahI, pRSTha saM0 21 pRSTha saM0 26.31 pRSTha saM014

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana san 1972 I0 meM muni zrI kA cAturmAsa nasIrAbAda meM humA / ' prAcArya muni zrI ko cAritra-cakravartI-pada kI prApti - svarUpAnanda jI kI dIkSA ke avasara para san 1972 I0 meM hI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko jaina samAja ne cAritra-cakravartI kA pada pradAna kiyaa| prAcArya muni zrI jJAnasAgara kA tyAga mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA zarIra kSINatA ko prApta ho rahA thaa| aba unake samakSa apanA uttarAdhikArI cunane kI samasyA thii| apane ziSyoM meM unheM muni zrI 108 vidyAsAgara jI hI sarvazreSTha lge| phalasvarUpa unhoMne dinAMka 22 navambara, san 1972 I0 (mArgazIrSa kRSNA dvitIyA vi0 saM0 2020) ko apanA pada apane ziSya muni zrI 108 vidyAsAgara jI ko sauMpa diyaa| prAcArya pada kA uttaradAyitva chor3akara jJAnasAgara jI pUrNarUpeNa vairAgya, tapazcaraNa evaM sallekhanA meM sannada ho gye| isa samaya unhoMne jala pora rasa para hI zarIra dhAraNa karanA zurU kara diyA pora khAdya-sAmagrI kA sadA ke lie parityAga kara diyaa| sallekhanA evaM samAdhimaraNa isI bIca madanagaMja (kizanagar3ha) nivAsI zrI 108 muni pArzva sAgara jI mahArAja apanI sallekhanA meM jJAnasAgara kI kA sAnnidhya pAne kI kAmanA se 1. paM0 campAlAla jaina, bAhuvalIsandeza, pR0 saM0 40 2. munisaMgha vyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda (rAja.), zrIjJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pa0 saM0 4 3. (ka) vhii| (kha) digambara jaina samAja, byAvara, smArikA, pa.0 saM0 13 (ga) paM0 campAlAla jaina, bAhubalI meM se / (gha) 'nazvara deha kSINatA lakhakara, kara dInA phira pada parityAga / 'muni vidyA prAcArya banAkara, vrata sallekhana patha paga lAgU // -prabhudayAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza, pR0 saM0 15 vhii| 5. (ka) paM. campAlAla jaina, bAhubalI sandeza meM se / (kha) munisaMghavyavasthAsamiti, nasIrAbAda, (gaja0), zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pR0 saM04

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-vRttAnta nasIrAbAda mAkara rahane lge| muni zrIpAzvasAgara jI eka dina chor3akara prAhAra grahaNa karate the| isI bIca 15 maI san 1973 I0 ko zrIpAzvaMsAgara jI vyAdhi se pIr3ita ho gye| taba prAcArya jJAnasAgara ne zrIpAzvasAgara jI ko sallekhamA dhAraNa karAI / phalasvarUpa prAcArya jJAnasAgara ke pUrva hI 16 maI san 1973 I. ko prAtaH 7 bajakara 40 minaTa para pArzvasAgara jI kA samAdhimaraNa ho gyaa|' isa prakAra dhIre-dhIre jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja meM zAnti, nirAkulatA, sahiSNutA evaM dhIratA ke lakSaNa dRSTigocara hone lage / 28 maI san 1973 I. ko unhoMne sabhI prakAra ke mAhAra-pAnAdi kA parityAga kara diyaa| samAdhi kI avasthA meM muni zrI ke priya ziSya prAcArya vidyAsAgara bI evaM kSullaka svarUpAnanda jI nirantara unake samIpa rahe evaM unakI samAdhimaraNa kI velA meM unake sevaka bane / anta meM jyeSTha kRSNa 15 vikrama saMvat 2023 zukravAra, tadanusAra dinAMka 7 jUna san 1973 I. ko dina meM 10 bajakara * minaTa para nasIrAbAda nagara meM samAdhimaraNa dvArA hamAre mAlocya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja ne apane pApiva zarIra ko tyAga diyaa| vAstava meM tyAga-tapasyA, udAratA, sAhityasarjanA mAdi guNoM kI sAlAta mUrti mahAkavi prAcArya muni zrIjJAnasAgara jI mahArAja evaM unake kArya stutya, anukaraNIya evaM svarNAkSaroM meM lekhanIya hai / 1. munisaMghavyavasthA samiti, nasIrAbAda, (rAja.), zrIjJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvanaparicaya, pR0 saM0 4 2. (ka) munisaMgha vyavasthAsamiti nasIrAbAda (rAja.), zrIjJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya, pR0 saM04 (ba) digambara jaina samAja, byAvara, smArikA, pR0 saM 13 (ga) paM0 campAlAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza meM se| - (pa) tArAcanda gaMgavAla, bAhubalIsandeza meM se, pR0 saM0 27 3. (ka) paM0 pampAlAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza meM se| (ba) 'do hajAra para tIsa kI saMvada, mRtyu ko karake mAhvAna / kumNa jyeSTha pramAvasa ke dina, svargaloka ko kiyA prayANa // ' --prabhudayAla jaina, bAhubalIsandeza pR0 saM016

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dvitIya adhyAya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyagranthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra jayodaya mahAkAvya kA saMkSipta kathAsAra prathama sarga prAcInakAla meM hastinApura meM jayakumAra nAmaka eka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| vaha kotimAn, zrImAna, vidvAna, buddhimAna, saundaryavAn bhAgyavAn evaM atyanta pratApavAn rAjA thaa| eka dina usake nagara ke udyAna meM kisI tapasvI kA prAgamana humA / unake Agamana kA samAcAra sunakara rAjA jayakumAra bhI unake darzana ke lie gyaa| muni ke darzana pAkara vaha atyadhika harSita huprA / usane unakI stuti ko aura namratApUrvaka kartavyapathapradarzana hetu nivedana kiyaa| dvitIya sarga ___ muni ne jayakumAra ko gRhastha-dharma ke sAtha-sAtha rAjA ke kartavyoM kA bhI upadeza diyaa| muni ke vacanoM ko sunakara jayakumAra kA zarIra romAjirata aura antaHkaraNA nirmala ho gyaa| usane bhaktipUrvaka zira jhukAkara muni ko praNAma kiyA aura unakI prAjJA se bAhara aayaa| jayakumAra ke sAtha eka sapiNI ne bhI muni se dharmopadeza sunA thA / jaba jayakumAra bAhara nAyA to usane dekhA ki vaha sarpiNI kisI anya sarpa ke sAtha ramaNa kara rahI thI / yaha dekhakara apane hAtha ke kamala se jayakumAra ne usa sapiNI ko pITA / jaya kumAra ko ceSTA dekhaka ra anya logoM ne sapiNI ko prahAroM se mAra DAlA / tatpazcAt devI ke rUpa meM utpanna hokara usa sarpiNI ne jAkara apane pati nAgakumAra se jayakumAra ke viruddha vacana khe| usa mUrkha sarpa ne apanI strI ke kathana kA vizvAsa kara liyA aura jayaku mAra ko mArane kI icchA se cala par3A / hastinApura meM jayakumAra ke yahAM jAkara jaba usane dekhA ki jayakumAra apanI striyoM ko sArI ghaTanA sunAte huye striyoM ke kauTilya kI nindA kara rahA hai, taba ghaTanA kI vAstavikatA kA jJAna hone para usane apanI strI kI nindA kii| usane jayakumAra ke sAmane prAkara sArA vRttAnta satya-satya kahA aura jayakumAra ke prati mana meM bhakti ko dhAraNa karake usako AjJA pAkara vahA~ se calA gayA /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 16 nRtIya sarga eka dina jayakumAra rAjasabhA meM banA huaA thaa| vahAM kAzInareza kA dUta prAyA / jayakumAra ko prAjJA se usane kAzInareza kA saMdeza kahA ki zreSTha manuSyoM bAlI kAzInagarI ke rAjA kI prAjA se maiM ApakI sevA meM prAyA huuN| unakI eka putrI hai- sulocanA, jo unakI suprabhA nAma kI rAnI se utpanna huI hai / sulocanA pradbhuta rUpa aura guNoM kI svAminI hai| usakA vivAha vaha maMtriyoM kI salAha se svayaMvaravidhi se karanA cAhate haiM / kAzInagarI ke hI eka sthala para deva dvArA (pUrvajanma meM kAzInareza kA bhAI) zrIsarvatobhadraka nAma kA zreSTha sabhAmaNDapa banAyA gayA hai / usa nagarI ko vibhinna prakAra se sajAyA bhI gayA hai| ataH sulocanAsvayaMvara ke upalakSya meM pApa bhI kAzI yAtrA kreN| kAzInareza kA saMdeza kaha kara dUta cupa ho gyaa| vahIM kA vRttAnta sunakara jayakumAra kA mana prasanna bhora zarIra pulakita ho gyaa| unhoMne apane vakSaHsthala kA hAra upahAra rUpa meM dUta ko de diyA / , tatpazcAt apanI senA sajAkara jayakamAra kAzInagarI kI ora cala pdd'aa| jaba vaha kAzInagarI pahuMcA, taba kAzInareza ne usakA svAgata kiyaa| caturtha sarga kAzInareza ke yahA~ sulocanA-svayaMvara-samAroha hogA; yaha samAcAra ayodhyA nareza bharata ke pAsa pahu~cA / bharata ne yaha samAcAra apane putra arkakIrti ko sunaayaa| prakIti ne svayaMvara-samAroha meM jAne kI icchA prakaTa kI aura pitA se anumati maaNgii| unake sumati nAma ke maMtrI ne kahA ki vahA~ binA bulAye nahIM jAnA cAhiye / kintu durmati nAma ke maMtrI ne jAne ke sambandha meM prapanI sahamati prakaTa kii| itane meM hI kAzInareza ne vahAM paha~cakara samAroha meM upasthita hone kA nimantraNa diyaa| apane sabhAsadoM se vicAra-vimarza ke pazcAt arkakIti bhI svayaMvarasamAroha meM bhAga lene kI icchA se kAzI phuNcaa| paMcama sarga svayaMvara-samAroha meM aneka dezoM se kulIna rAjakumAra kanyA kA varaNa karane kI icchA se pahu~ce / kAzInareza ne una sabakA svAgata kiyaa| jaise hI jayakumAra sabhA-maNDara meM pahu~cA, anya sabhI upasthita janoM kA mana use dekhakara pratidvandvitA se paripUrNa ho gyaa| rAjA ke yahAM upasthita deva (jo pahale kAzInareza kA bhAI thA) ne sulocanA ko sabhAmaNDapa meM calane kA Adeza diyaa| mahendradatta kaMcukI dvArA nirdiSTa mArga se sulocanA prapanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha jinendradeva kA pUjana karane ke lie gaI; tatpazcAt sabhAmaNDapa meM phuNcii|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya -eka adhyayana SaSTha-sagaM ___ jaba sulocanA sabhAbhavana meM pahu~co, to rAjAmoM ke hRdaya antardvandva se paripUrNa ho gaye / sunocanA vidyA nAma kI paricArikA ke sAtha kaMcukI ke dvArA batAye gaye mArga para calane lgii| isake bAda vidyAdevI ne sulocanA ko AkAzacArI vidyAdhageM pora bhUmicArI rAjAmoM ko dikhaayaa| sarvaprathama vidyAdevI ne sunami aura vinami- ina do rAjAnoM kA paricaya diyaa| vidyAdhara rAjAmoM meM sulocanA kI ruci na dekha kara vidyAdevI ne pRthvI ke rAjAmoM kA paricaya diyaa| usane kramazaH bharata ke putra prakaMkIti tathA kaliMga, kAMcI, kAbula, aMga, vaMga, sindhu, kAzmIra, karNATaka, mAlava, kairava prAdi dezoM se pAye huye rAjAmoM ke guNoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyaa| sulocanA jayakumAra ke pAsa phuNcii| vidyAdevI ne sulocanA kA mana jayakumAra ke anukUla pAyA to usane vistArapUrvaka usake guNoM kA varNana karanA prArambha kara diyaa| vidyAdevI se prerita hokara yuddha meM megha ko jItane ke kAraNa meghezvara kI upAdhi pAne vAle samrAT bhArata ke senApati aura somadeva ke putra jayakumAra para anurakta sulocanA ne usake gale meM jayamAla DAla do| usI samaya harpasUcaka nagAr3e jora-jora se bajane lage / jayakumAra kA mukha kAntiyukta ho gayA; para anya rAjAoM ke mukha maNDala mlAna ho gaye / saptama sarga prakIti ke sevaka durmarSaNa ko yaha svayaMvara-samAroha acchA nahIM lgaa| jayakumAra ke varaNa ko usane kAzInareza kI pUrvaniyojita yojanA smjhaa| usane prarkakoti se kahA ki cakravartI ke putra ko chor3a kara sulocanA ne somadeva ke putra jayakumAra kA varaNa kiyA hai| jayakumAra jaise to Apake kitane hI sevaka hoMge / phira kula kI upekSA bhI ThIka nahIM / durmarSaNa ke vacanoM se uttejita arkakoni kAzInareza pora jayakumAra donoM ko hI mArane ke lie taiyAra ho gyaa| usane yuddha ke mAdhyama se jayakumAra ko nIcA dikhAne kI ThAna lii| parantu anavadyamati nAma ke maMtrI ne samajhAyA ki kAzInareza (makampana) aura jayakumAra hamAre adhInastha rAjA haiM; jayakumAra kI sahAyatA se hI samrATa bharata ne digvijaya karake cakravartI samrAT pada kI prApti kI hai, isalie vaha tumhAre pitA kA snehabhAjana hai / itanA hI nahIM, varan mahArAja prakampana to pApake pitA ke bhI pUjya haiN| unase yuddha karanA gurudroha hogaa| kintu prakIti para anavadyamati ke vacanoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| prakIrti ke krodha kA samAcAra mahArAja prakampana ke pAsa bhI phuNcaa| maMtriyoM se salAha karake unhoMne eka dUta makakIrti ke pAsa bhejaa| kintu dUta ke vacana suna kara bhI prakIrti yuddha se virata nahIM humA / dUta ne jaba mahArAja prakampana ko markakIrti kA samAcAra diyA, taba prakampana atyadhika cintita hue / mahArAja

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pranyoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 21 prakampana ko cintita dekhakara jayakumAra ne unheM dhIraja baMdhAyA aura sulocanA kI rakSA karane ke lie kahA / tatpazcAt jayakumAra prakIti se yuddha karane ke lie sannaddha ho gaye / yaha dekhakara akampana bho apane hemAGgada ityAdi putroM sahita yuddha ke lie cala par3e / zrIdhara, saketu, devakIrti ityAdi rAjAoM ne bhI jayakumAra kA anusaraNa kiyA / jayakumAra kI senA susajjita hokara prakIti kA virodha karane ke lie cala pdd'o| arka kIrti bhI apanI senA ko yuddhakSetra meM le praayaa| prakakIti ne cakrabyUha kI aura jayakumAra ne makaravyUha kI racanA kii| aSTama sarga donoM senAe~ paraspara eka dUsare ko yuddha ke lie lalakArane lagIM / senApati kI prAjJA sunakara yuTa kA nagAr3A bajA diyA gayA, jisakI dhvani se praura senA dvArA uThAI gaI dhUli se dizAe~ vyApta ho gii| gajArohI, rathArohI aura prazvArohI paraspara yuddha karane lage / jayakumAra tathA usake anya bhAiyoM ne evaM hemAGgada mAdi kAzInareza ke putroM ne pratipakSiyoM kA DaTakara sAmanA kiyaa| isI bIca ratiprabhadeva ne pAkara jayakumAra ko nAgapAza maura arddhacandra nAma kA bANa diyA / jayakumAra ne ina donoM vastuoM se prakIrti ko bAMdha diyaa| isa prakAra jayakumAra kI vijaya huii| yuddha se lauTa kara kAzInareza prakampana ne sulocanA ko jayakumAra ke vijayI hone kI sUcanA dI aura vrata ko pAraNA karane kA vAtsalyapUrNa prAdeza diyA / isake pazcAt saba logoM ne jinendradeva kI pUjA kii| navama sarga jayakumAra ke vijayI ho jAne para bhI rAjA akampana ko cintA huii| unhoMne vicAra kiyA ki apanI dUsarI putrI prakSamAlA kA vivAha prakIti se kara diyA jAya / unhoMne bAMdhe gaye prakIti ko koI daNDa nahIM diyaa| unhoMne vinamratApUrvaka use samajhAyA; aura prakSamAlA ko svIkAra karane ke lie khaa| unhoMne yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA ki jayakumAra aparAjeya hai / phira jayakumAra kA koI aparAdha bhI nahIM hai / jayakumAra ne bhI arkakoti se prItiyukta vinamra vacana kahe / kAzInareza ke prayatna se jayakumAra aura akIrti kI punaH sandhi ho gii| tatpazcAt kAzInareza (makampana) ne sumukha nAmaka dUta ko bharata ke pAsa bhejA / sumukha ne kAzInagarI kA vRttAnta bar3I namratApUrvaka samrAT bharata se kahA; kAzImareza kI mora se kSamAyAcanA kii| samrATa bharata ne rAjA prakampana pora jayakumAra ke prati prazaMsAtmaka vacana kahe / samrATa bharata ke vacanoM se santuSTa hokara dUta ne unakI vandanA kI aura kAzI mAkara usane ayodhyA meM huI vArtA ko kAzInareza ke sammukha prastuta kiyaa|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya -1 dazama sarga tatpazcAt kAzInareza prakampana ke yahA~ pANigrahaNa kI taiyArI hone lagI / jayakumAra ko dUta dvArA bulAyA gyaa| sArI nagarI ko sajAyA gayA / taraha-taraha ke bAje bajane lage / sulocanA ne snAna karake ujjvala vastroM aura maneka prAbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa kiyA aura pitA ke pAsa jAkara sira jhukA kara unheM praNAma kiyA / jayakamAra jaba bArAta sajAkara nagara mArga meM nikale to prajAjana unakI zobhA dekhane meM lIna ho gaye / rAjadvAra meM pahuMcate hI bandhunoM dvArA prAdarapUrvaka jayakumAra ko maNDapa meM lAyA gyaa| sulocanA bhI maNDapa meM lAI gaI / jayakumAra mora sulocanA ne eka dUsare ko dekhakara harSa kA anubhava kiyaa| ekAdaza sarga jayakumAra ne sulocanA ke rUpa-saundarya kA avalokana kiyA / vaha sulocanA ke rUpa se pratyadhika prabhAvita huprA / 22 - eka pradhyayana dvAdaza sarga jinendradeva ke pUjana sAtha-sAtha sulocanA ke vivAha kA kArya hone lagA / jayakumAra aura sulocanA se bhI jinendradeva kA pUjana karAyA gayA / purohita ke nirdeza se kAzInareza ne apanI putrI ke hAtha kA aMgUThA jayakumAra ke hAtha meM de diyA / prasannatA ke isa avasara para unhoMne dhana kI varSA sI kara dI aura daheja meM koI kabhI na rahane dI / yajJavedI kI pragni kA dhuAM cAroM prora phaila gayA / tatpazcAt vedI ke cAroM mora saptapadI kI rIti ko sampanna kiyA gayA / aneka upasthita prajAjanoM ke sammukha gurujanoM ne vara-vadhU ko prAzIrvAda diyaa| mahilAoM ne aneka saubhAgya-gIta gAye | dAsiyoM evaM striyoM ne hAsa-parihAsa ke sAtha barAtiyoM ko bhojana karAyA / kAzInareza ne jayakumAra evaM varapakSa ke abhyAgatoM kA pratyadhika satkAra kiyaa| trayodaza sarga vivAha ke pazcAt jayakumAra ne kAzInareza se apane nagara jAne kI prAjJA maaNgii| sulocanA ke mAtA-pitA ne sulocanA evaM jayakumAra ko mazrupUrNa netroM se vidA kiyaa| donoM unheM chor3ane samIpastha tAlAba taka gaye / sulocanA ke bhAI bhI sulocanA ke sAtha the | jayakumAra ke sArathi ne mArga meM sthita vana mora gaMgAnadI ke varNana se jayakumAra kA manoraJjana kiyA / rAjahaMsoM se sevita evaM kamaliniyoM sundara banI huI gaMgA nadI meM gajarAja jala-krIr3A kara rahe the| jayakumAra ne usI ke taTa para senA sahita par3Ava DAla diyA / caturdaza sarga jayakumAra - sulocanA evaM unake anya sAthiyoM ne vahA~ para bahuta samaya taka

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granyoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 23 banakor3A, jalakrIr3A evaM madhura mAlApa ityAdi se apanA manoraJjana kiyaa| gaMgA nadI ke jala meM snAna karane ke pazcAt jisa samaya una sabane navIna vastra dhAraNa kiye, usa samaya sUrya prasta hone ko thaa| paMcadaza sarga sUrya ke prasta hone para kramazaH sandhyA kA prAgamana hmaa| tatpazcAt rAtri kA ghora andhakAra cAroM mora phaila gayA; phira candramA kA udaya huA / aise samaya meM strI-puruSa paraspara vihAra karane lge| SoDaza sarga rAtri ke madhya meM strI-puruSoM kA dhairya samApta ho gayA / paraspara hAsa-vilAsa karate huye unhoMne madyapAna zuru kara diyaa| madyapAna se unakI ceSTAyeM vikata ho gaI; netra lAla ho gye| strI-puruSoM meM paraspara mAna, abhimAna pora prema kA vyavahAra hone lgaa| saptadaza sagaM sabhI yugala ekAnta sthAnoM meM cale gye| jayakamAra-sulocanA evaM anya strI-puruSoM ne suratakrIr3AeM kii| arddharAtri ke samaya una sabane nidrAdevI kI goda meM vizrAma liyaa| aSTAdaza sarga zubha prabhAta hA / nakSatra vilIna ho gaye / candramA prasta ho gyaa| bhuvanabhAskara kA udaya huprA / loga nidvArahita hokara apane-apane kAma meM laga gye| ekonaviza sarga prAtaH kAla jayakumAra ne snAnAdi kriyAyeM kii| tatpazcAt vaha jinendradeva ko pUjA meM saMlagna ho gayA aura usane bahuta samaya taka zraddhApUrvaka jinendradeva kI stuti kii| vizatitama sarga isake bAda jayakumAra ne samrATa bharata se bheMTa karane kI icchA se ayodhyA kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| vahAM pahu~cakara sabhAbhavana ke siMhAsana meM baiThe huye samrATa ko usane praNAma kiyaa| samrAT bharata ke vAtsalyapUrNa vacanoM se prAzvasta hokara jayakumAra ne kSamA-yAcanA pUrvaka sulocanA-svayaMvara kA sArA vRttAnta kahA / usake vacana sunakara samrATa ne apane putra akaMkIti ko ho doSI ThaharAyA; unhoMne prakSamAlA aura arkakoti ke vivAha kA kArya karane hetu kAzInareza bhakampana ke prati prazaMsAtmaka bacana kahe / samrAT se satkata hokara jayakumAra unase anumati lekara, hAthI para savAra hokara apanI senA kI mora cala par3A / mArga meM gaMgA nadI meM eka bar3I machalI ne jayakumAra kA apaharaNa karane kI icchA se usake hAthI ko pakar3a liyaa| yaha dekhakara jayakumAra atyadhika vyAkula huaa|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana sumocanA bhI jayakumAra kI pratIkSA kara rahI thii| pati ko saMkaTa meM phaMsA hamA dekhakara usako bacAne kI icchA se baha jala meM utara gaI / jala meM uttara kara usane hRdaya se prArthanA kI / usake zIla ke teja se gaMgA kA jama kama ho gayA; aura machalI ne jayakumAra ko chor3a diyaa| satIziromaNi sulocanA ke satItva se prabhAvita nadI ke kinAre para upasthita gaMgA nAma kI devI ne sulocanA kI divyavastrAbhUSaNoM se pUjA kI / yaha dekha kara jayakumAra pratyadhika vismita huaa| jayakumAra kI jijJAsA ko zAnta karatI huI gaMgAdevI ne batAyA ki vaha unakI pUrvajanma kI dAsI hai / sapiNI ke kATane se devI kA janma prApta kiyA hai / prApase prApta padArthoM se hI usane unakA satkAra kiyA hai| yaha jo machalI thI, pahale sapiNI thI; phira kAlIdevI huI / pUrvajanma ke krodha ke kAraNa yaha jayakumAra ke samakSa mAI thii| jayakumAra ne prItipUrNa vacanoM se gaMgAdevI ko vidA kiyaa| sulocanA ne jayakumAra kI pUjA kii| ekaviMzatitama sarga jayakumAra kI prAjJA pAkara usake sainikoM ne hastinApura jAne kI taiyArI kara lii| jayakumAra ne ratha para prArUr3ha hokara sulocanA ke sAtha prasthAna kiyaa| mArgasthita zyoM ke varNana se sulocanA kA manoraJjana karate hue vaha eka vana meM pahu~ce / bhIloM ke mukhiyA jayakumAra ke lie bheMTa meM gajamuktA, phala, puSpAdi lAe / bhIloM ko putriyoM ke saundarya ko dekhakara jayakumAra ne prasannatA kA anubhava kiyaa| sulocanA gopoM kI vastI dekha kara prasanna ho rahI thii| gopa-gopiyoM ne dahI, dUSa evaM mAdara se jayakumAra evaM sulocanA ko prasanna kiyaa| jayakumAra ne kuzalavArtA pUchane ke pazcAt premapUrvaka una sabase vidA lii| gopoM kI vastI se nikala kara jayakumAra ne punaH yAtrA prArambha kii| hastinApura pahuMcane para jayakumAra aura sulocanA kA mantriyoM ne svAgata kiyaa| prajAvagaM ne bhI apane rAjA kA sammAna kiyA; nagara kI striyAM navavadhU kA mukha dekhane kI lAlasA se rAjamahala meM pahu~ca gii| unhoMne sulocanA kA saundarya dekhakara harSa kA anubhava kiyA / jayakumAra ne hemAGgada ityAdi ke sAmane sulocanA ke mastaka para paTTa bAMdha kara use 'pradhAnamahiSI' ghoSita kara diyaa| jayakumAra ke isa vyavahAra kI hemAGgada ityAdi ne muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kI jayakumAra ne hAsa. parihAsa sahita unake sAtha bahuta samaya vyatIta kiyA / ratna, pAbhUSaNa ityAdi dekara unheM vidA kiyA / jayakumAra ko praNAma karake ve saba hastinApura se nikala pdd'e| kAzI pahu~cakara unhoMne apane pitA ko praNAma kiyA aura apanI bahina pora bahanoI kA sArA vRttAnta sunAyA / putrI ke sukha samRddhi se paripUrNa vRttAnta ko jAnakara kAzInareza prakampana prAtmakalyANamArga kI bhora agrasara huye|

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mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyagranyoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra dvAviMzatitama sarga jayakumAra mora sulocanA paraspara bhoga-vilAsa karate huye sukhapUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane lge| trayoviMzatitama sarga rAjyakArya ko apane choTe bhAI vijaya ko dekara jayakumAra ne apanA dhyAna prajA ke hitacintana meM lagAyA / eka dina jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha mahala kI chata para baiThA thaa| mAkAza meM eka vimAna ko dekhakara 'prabhAvatI' nAma kI pUrva janma kI priyA kA smaraNa karake vaha mUcchita ho gyaa| sulocanA ne apane sAmane eka kapotayugala ko dekhA to vaha bhI apane pUrvajanma ke premI rativara kA smaraNa karake mUcchita ho gii| upacAra se una donoM kI mUrchA samApta ho gii| kintu vahAM para upasthita striyoM ne sulocanA ke caritra para sandeha kiyaa| jayakumAra ke paMchane para sulocanA ne apane pUrvajanmoM kA vRttAnta sunAyA, jo isa prakAra hai : videha deza meM puNDarIkiNI nagarI meM kuberapriya nAmaka seTha apanI strI ke sAtha rahatA thaa| usake yahA~ rativara nAmaka kabUtara aura ratiSeNA nAma ko kabUtarI rahatI thii| eka dina seTha ke yahA~ do muni maaye| unake darzanoM se kapotayugala ko apane pUrvajanmoM kI yAda A gaI / phalasvarUpa unhoMne brahmacarya vrata dhAraNa kara liyaa| isake bAda rativara ne Adityagati paura zaziprabhA ke putra hiraNyavarmA ke rUpa meM janma liyA; pora ratiSeNA ne vAyuratha pIra svayaMprabhA kI putrI prabhAvatI ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| isa janma meM bhI ina donoM kA vivAha ho gyaa| bAda meM pUrvajanmoM kI yAda mA jAne se hiraNyavarmA ne tapa karanA prArambha kara diyA / saMsAra kI gati ko dekha kara prabhAvatI bhI mAryikA bana gii| eka dina jaba ve donoM tapa kara rahe the, unake pUrvajanma ke zatru viyuccora ne mAkara kroSa ke kAraNa unako jalA diyA / tatpazcAt ve donoM svarga pahu~ce / svarga meM ghUmate huye apane pUrvajanma ke sthAnoM ko dekhate hue ve eka sarpa-sarovara ke samIpa phuNce| vahAM bhIma nAma ke eka munirAja tapa kara rahe the| unase jJAta humA ki jaba vaha deva (hiraNyavarmA) sukAnta rUpa meM janmA yA, taba vaha usake bhavadeva nAma ke zatru the, . kapota ke janma ke samaya vaha vilAva ke rUpa meM unake zatru bane the; mora hiraNyavarmA ke janma ke samaya meM vidyuccora bhI vahIM the| isa samaya vaha bhIma ke rUpa meM utpanna huye haiN| sulocanA ne spaSTa kara diyA ki jayakumAra ho sukAnta, rativara kabUtara, . hiraNyavarmA paura svarga ke deva ke rUpa meM utpanna huA thaa| sulocanA se pUrvajanmoM kA vRttAnta sunakara jayakumAra bahuta prasanna humaa| isa samaya una donoM ko divyajJAna kI prApti ho gii|

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAmpa-eka mAsAna catuvizatitama sarga divyajJAna kI sahAyatA se jayakumAra bhora sulocanA parvatoM mora tIyoM para vihAra karane ke lie gaye / sumeru, zrIpuruparvata (udayAcala) ityAdi meM vihAra karate huye ve donoM himAlaya para pahu~ce / vahAM unhoMne eka mandira dekhaa| usameM jAkara vidhipUrvaka jinendradeva kI pUjA kii| tatpazcAt mandira se nikala kara parvata para vihAra karate huye jayakumAra mora sulocanA eka dUsare se kucha dUra ho gye| isa . samaya sodharma indra kI sabhA meM jayakumAra ke zIla kI prazaMsA kI jA rahI thI, jise sunakara raviprabha nAmaka deva ne apanI patnI kAMcanA ko jayakumAra ke zIla kI parIkSA lene ke lie bhejaa| usane pAkara jayakumAra ke saundarya kI prazaMsA kI; apanI managaDhanta kahAnI sunAyI paura bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI kAmaceSTAnoM se jayakumAra ko vicalita karanA cAhA / parantu jayakumAra ke hRdaya para usake vacanoM mora ceSTAnoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3A; ulaTe usane usake vyavahAra kI nindA kI mora use striyoM ke prAcaraNa kI zikSA dI / jayakumAra ke udAsInatAyukta vacanoM ko sunakara usane kroSapUrvaka use uThA liyA aura jAne lgii| isI samaya sulocanA ne vahAM pahuMcakara usako bhatrsanA kI / sulocanA ke zola ke mAhAtmya se usane jayakumAra ko chor3a diyA aura calI gii| apanI patnI se jayakumAra ke niSkAma bhAva ko jAnakara raviprama ne devavandha jayakumAra kI pUjA kii| isa prakAra tIrthoM meM vihAra karake jayakumAra apane nagara meM lauTa prAyA aura sulocanA ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka rahane lgaa| paMcavizatitama sarga sAMsArika bhoga-vilAsoM kI niHsAratA ko dekhakara jayakumAra ke mana meM eka dina rAgyabhAva jAga uThA / vastutatva kA cintana karate huye usakI icchA vana jAne kI ho gii| - Savizatitama sarga jayakumAra ne apane putra anantavIrya kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA aura svayaM vana kI pora cala par3A / hastinApura kI prajA ne harSa aura viSAda-ina do virodhI bhAvoM kA, sAtha-sAtha anubhava kiyaa| vana meM jayakumAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke pAsa gayA; usane unakI bhaktipUrvaka stuti kI aura kalyANa mArga ke viSaya meM pUMchA / saptaviMzatitama sarga bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne jayakumAra ko dharma kA svarUpa btaayaa| bhagavAn ke upadeza ko sunakara vaha dRr3hatApUrvaka prAtmakalyANa ke mArga para agrasara ho gyaa| pravizatitama sarga jayakamAra ne samasta vAhya parigrahoM kA parityAga kara diyA aura ghora tapasyA meM saMmagna ho gyaa| tapazcaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa usane manaHparyayajJAna

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 27 kI prApti kara lii| usane daMgambarI dIkSA bhI dhAraNa kara lii| anta meM usane uccapada kI prApti kara lii| ___ samrATa bharata kI pradhAnamahiSI subhadrA ke samajhAne para sulocanA ne bhI brAhmI nAma kI mAryA ke samakSa dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / tatpazcAt vaha bhI svarga meM pragyutendra ke rUpa meM pahuMca gii| (kha) vIrodaya mahAkAvya kA saMkSipta kathAsAra prathama sarga prAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva, jaba basundharA hiMsA, durAcAra, svArthalipsA bhora pApa ke bhAra se dabI jA rahI thI, basundharA ke bhAra ko halkA karane ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne janma grahaNa kiyaa| dvitIya sarga loka-vizruta bhAratavarSa ke chaH khaNDa haiM, jinameM Arya-khaNDa sarvottama hai / isI pAya-khaNDa meM svargApama videha nAmaka eka deza hai / isa deza ke sarvazreSTha nagara kA nAma kuNDanapura hai, jo pahale atyanta vaibhavazAlI thaa| - tRtIya sarga __usa kuNDanapura nAmaka nagara meM rAjA sidArtha zAsana karatA thaa| usane apane bala se aneka rAjAmoM ko apane adhIna kara liyA thaa| ye sabhI adhInastha rAjA apane mukuTamaNiyoM kI prabhA se usake caraNa-kamaloM ko suzobhita karate the / vaha rAjA saundarya, dhairya, svAsthya, gAmbhIrya, udAratA, prajAvatsalatA, vidyA prAdi kA nidhAna thaa| use cAroM puruSArthoM kA jJAna thaa| paramakIrtimAn, paramavaibhavazAlI usa rAjA kA sampUrNa dhyAna rAjya ko samunnati para kendrita thaa| rAjA siddhArtha kI patnI kA nAma priyakAriNI thaa| anupama sundarI vaha rAbamahiSI, parama anurAgamayI mora patimArgAnugAminI thii| vaha bayA mora kSamA se paripUrNa hRdayavAlI, zAntasvabhAvA, lajjAzIlA, paramadAnazIlA aura manovinodapriyA thii| paramasampattizAlitA, maMjubhASitA, samadarzitA, komalatA Adi sabhI guNa usa rAnI ke saMga se zobhA pAte the| rAjya ke lie kalyANakAriNo, usa dUradazinI, lokAbhirAmA ne apane apratima guNoM se rAjA siddhArtha ke hRdaya meM pracala sthAna pA liyA thaa| rAnI-rAjA paraspara pratyadhika prema karate the| isa prakAra paraspara premamaya vyavahAra karate huye unakA samaya sAnanda bIta rahA thaa| caturtha sarga grISma Rtu ke saMtApa se dharA ko mukta karane vAlI pAvasa Rtu kA jaba pAnandadAyaka mAgamana humA, taba ASAr3ha mAsa kI SaSThI tithi ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne rAnI priyakAriNI ke garbha meM praveza kiyaa|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana varSA-Rtu ke sukhada vAtAvaraNa se paripUrNa eka dina, rAtri ke antima samaya meM, rAnI ne kramazaH solaha svapnoM ko dekhaa| tatkAla hI prAta: kAlIna stutiyoM se usakI nidrA TUTI / prAtaH kAlIna kRtyoM se nivRtta hokara, apane sundara zarIra ko mAbhUSaNoM se sajjita karake, saheliyoM ke sAtha, apane svapna sunAne mora una svapnoM kA pabhiprAya jAnane kI icchA se vaha apane pati rAjA siddhArtha ke pAsa gaI / rAjA me rAnI ko apane samIpa Asana para baiThAyA, taba rAnI ne apane solahoM svapna rAjA ko kaha sunAye / rAjA ne rAnI ko kramazaH una svapnoM kA phala isa prakAra batAyA :pahile svapna meM tumane airAvata hAthI dekhA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki tumhArA putra madasrAvI gaja ke samAna mahAdAnI hogaa| dUsare svapna meM tumane vRSabha dekhA hai| isakA phala hai ki tumhArA putra dharma kI dhurI ko dhAraNa karane meM samartha hogaa| tIsare svapna meM tumane siMha ko dekhA hai| isakA artha hai ki tumhArA putra unmattoM evaM mUkhoM ke garva kA dalana karane vAlA hogaa| cauthe svapna meM gajalakSmI dekhane kA phala hai ki tumhArA putra indrAdi vevatAmoM dvArA sumeru parvata ke zikhara para abhiSikta hogaa| pAMcave svapna meM tumane guMjana karate huye bhramaroM se yukta do mAlAe~ dekhI haiN| yaha svapna isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki tumhArA putra apanI yazaHsurabhi se jaganmaNDala ko surabhita karane vAlA aura yogya vyaktiyoM se sammAnita hogaa| chaThe svapna meM tumane candramA dekhA hai; jo isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki tumhArA putra sabhI kasAmoM meM pAraMgata hogA aura apane dharmarUpa amRta se jagat kA siMcana kregaa| sAtaveM svapna meM sUrya dekhane kA phala hai ki tumhArA putra logoM ke hRdaya-kamala kA vikAsaka, prajJAnarUpa andhakAra kA hantA evaM paramapratApI hogaa| pAThaveM svapna meM tumane jala se paripUrNa do kalaza dekhe haiN| phalasvarUpa garbhastha zizu, logoM kA paramakalyANa karane vAlA evaM tRSNAtura logoM ke lie amRta rUpa siddhi ko dene vAlA hogaa| nave svapna meM tumane jala meM krIr3A karatI huI do machaliyAM dekhI haiM / phalasvarUpa tumhArA putra apanI sundara ceSTAmoM se svayaM prasanna raha kara janatA ko harSita kregaa| dasaveM svapna meM tumane ATha hajAra se adhika kamaloM se yukta sarobara dekhA hai / phalasvarUpa tumhArA putra sundara 1008 lakSaNoM se yukta hogA; evaM logoM ke dula evaM pApa kA nAzaka hogaa|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra / gyArahaveM svapna meM tumane samudra dekhA hai / usakA phala yaha hogA ki tumhArA putra samudra ke samAna dhora-gambhIra, navanidhiyoM mora kevala jJAna se utpanna navalabdhiyoM kA svAmI hogaa| bArahaveM svapna meM he rAnI ! tumane sundara siMhAsana dekhA hai| usakA phala hogA ki tumhArA putra nirantara unnati ko prApta karane vAlA, uttama-kAnti se yukta aura zivarAjya ke pada kA anugAmI hogaa| terahaveM svapna meM deva-sevita vimAna dekhane kA phala hai ki tumhArA putra devatAmoM se sevya, logoM ko mokSa dilAne vAlA paura ati pavitrAramA hogaa| caudahaveM svapna meM he rAnI ! tumane zubhravarNa vAlA nAgamandira dekhA hai| phalasvarUpa tumhArA putra apane ujjvala yaza ke kAraNa devagRha ke samAna vizvaprasiddha hogaa| pandrahavaM svapna meM tumane nirmala ratnoM kI rAzi dekhI hai| phalasvarUpa tumhArA putra, ananta nirmalaguNarAzi se zobhAyamAna hogaa| solahaveM svapna meM tumane-ghUmarahita agni kA samUha dekhA hai / yaha svapna isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki tumhArA putra dAruNa paripAka vAle karmasamUha ko vinaSTa karake nirmala aAtmasvarUpa ko prApta karegA aura sarvottama jJAna ko paaegaa| isa prakAra tumhArA putra tInoM lokoM kA svAmI tIthaMkara hogaa| utpanna hone vAle apane putra meM rAjA dvArA batAye gaye saMbhAvita lakSaNoM ko sunakara rAnI priyakAriNI premavibhora ho gii| tIrthakara ke garbhAvataraNa ko jAnakara devatAoM ne bhI pAkara usa sundarI rAnI kI vandanA kii| paMcama sarga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke garbhAvataraNa ke pazcAt zrI, hrI prAdi deviyAM vahA~ praaii| rAjA siddhArtha ne unakA yathocita sammAna kiyaa| tatpazcAta unake pAgamana kA kAraNa puuchaa| rAjA ke pUchane para deviyoM ne batA" ki mahArAnI priyakAriNI ke garbha meM jinendra tIrthakara bhagavAn kA avatAra : / prataeva indra ke pAdeza se tIrthakara kI pUjya mAtA kI sevA karane ve loga bhAI haiM / prataeva unako usa puNya-kArya ko anumati mile / 1. dANe lAme bhoge paribhoga : . raeya sammate / _Nava kevala tapIoM daMsaNa-gANaM caritte ya // ' -dhavalA 1 / 11 (dAna, lAbha, bhoga, paribhoga, vIrya, samyaktva, darzana, jJAna aura cAritra-ye nava labdhiyAM haiM, jo kevala nAna prApta karane para puruSa ko prApta hotI hai|)

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana __rAjA se prAjJA pAkara ve sabhI deviyAM kaMcukI ke sAtha mAtA ke samIpa jAkara usakI caraNa-vandanA karane lgiiN| apane sandara vacanoM se deviyoM ne mAtA ko pAzvasta kiyA aura usakI sevA meM tatparatA se juTa giiN| rAnI ko nahalAne meM, usakA pralaMkaraNa karane meM, saMgIta dvArA rAnI kA manoraMjana karane meM ve deviyAM jarA bhI pramAda nahIM karatI thIM / deviyoM ke prAgraha para rAnI priyakAriNI, unake bhagavadviSayaka praznoM kA uttara dekara, unheM santuSTa karatI thiiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jananI se jaina-dharma-viSayaka pravacanoM ko sunakara, deviyAM usako yathAsamaya susvAdu bhojana karAtI thiiN| bhramaNa ke lie samIpavartI udyAnoM meM le jAtI thIM / tatpazcAt rAnI ko puSpasajjita zayyA para liTAkara, usake caraNa dabAkara, usa para paMkhA jhalakara, use sulA detI thiiN| isa prakAra ve sabhI deviyAM mAtA ke sAtha hI, garbhastha jinendradeva kI bhI sevA-arcanA karane lgiiN| SaSTha sarga . dhIre-dhIre rAnI priyakAriNI meM garbhavRddhi ke lakSaNa dRSTigocara hone lge| yaha dekhakara rAjA siddhArtha ati pramanna huaaa| isI bIca RturAja vasanta kA madira zubhAgamana hugrA / cAroM prora ullAsa kA sAmrAjya phaila gyaa| usI manohara velA meM, caitra mAsa ke zuklapakSa kI trayodazI ke dina rAnI priyakAriNI ne zubhalakSaNopeta putra ko janma diyaa| putrotpatti hone para rAnI atyadhika harSita huii| zizu ke nirmala zarIra se kamala-saurabha ke samAna sugandhi niHsRta ho rahI thii| saptama sarga priyakAriNI ke garbha se jisa samaya bhagavAn ne janma liyA, usa samaya sabhI dizAmoM meM prAnanda kA saMcAra ho gayA / indra kA siMhAsanaM dolAyamAna ho utthaa| bhagavAn ke janma kA samAcAra jAna kara indra ne dUra se hI unheM praNAma kiyA pora sabhI surAsuroM sahita kuNDanapura ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| kuNDanapura kI devatAoM ne tIna bAra pradakSiNA kii| indrAgI ne prasUtigRha meM praveza kiyaa| unhoMne eka mAyA nirmita zizu ko mAtA ke pArzva meM sulA diyA aura jina bhagavAn ko lAkara indra ko sauMpa diyaa| __ bhagavAn ko dekhakara indra ne unheM praNAma kiyA aura airAvata hAthI para biThA kara jaina-mandiroM se yukta sumeru parvata ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| parvatarAja sumeru ne jinendra ko apane zira para dhAraNa kiyaa| tatpazcAt devagaNoM ne kSIrasAgara se bhagavAn kA abhiSeka kiyaa| abhiSeka ke pazcAt bhagavAn ke zarIra ko poMchakara indrANI ne unake zarIra ko sundara sundara prAbhUSaNoM se sjaayaa| isa prakAra devagaNoM ne bhagavAn kA janma-mahotsava manAyA aura phira le jAkara unheM unakI mAtA kI goda meM sauMpa diyaa| tatpazcAt ve sabhI devatA nAcate-gAte hue apane-apane nivAsa sthAna ko cale ge|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAgya anyoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra prahama-sarga rAjA siddhArtha ne bhI apane putra kA janma-mahotsava bar3I dhUmadhAma se sampanna kiyaa| putra ke zarIra kI bar3hatI huI kAnti ko dRSTi meM rakhakara rAjA ne apane putra kA nAma zrIvardhamAna rkhaa| bAlaka varSamAna prAnI sundara-sundara bAlocita ceSTAmoM se sampUrNa jana-samudAya ko harSita karane lgaa| pUrNatayA svastha zarIra vAle bhagavAn dhIre-dhIre bAlyAvasthA se yuvAvasthA kI ora agrasara hue| putra ko yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa karate huye dekhakara pitA siddhArtha ne unake lie vivAha-yogya kanyA dekhane kA nizcaya kiyaa| kintu vardhamAna ne pitA ke isa prastAva kA anumodana nahIM kiyaa| pitA ke bAra-bAra Agraha karane para varSamAna ne namratApUrvaka unheM samajhAyA aura vaivAhika jIvana kA pAlana karane ke sthAna para unheM brahmacarya-vrata-pAlana kI apanI balavatI icchA prakaTa kii| putra kI brahmacarya-vrata ke prati aisI niSThA dekhakara pitA ne harSita hokara unake zira kA sparza karake yatheccha jIvana-yApana karane kI anumati de dii| navama sarga vivAha-prastAva ko ThakarAne ke pazcAt bhagavAn kA dhyAna saMsAra kI zocanIya dazA kI ora gayA / hisA, svArthalipsA, adharma, vyabhicAra, durjanatA ityAdi burAIyoM se lipta saMsAra kI rakSA karane kA jaba bhagavAn ne nizcaya kiyA to usI samaya dharA para zarada-Rtu kA prAgamana humA / dazama sarga jo per3a-paudhe vasanta Rtu ke Agamana se hare-bhare ho jAte haiM, zIta-Rtu ke prAgamana se ve murajhA bhI jAte haiM--prakRti ke isa vyApAra ko dekhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA jJAna ho gyaa| phalasvarUpa unake hRdaya meM vairAgya-bhAvanA kA udaya hotA hai / sabhI devagaNa unakI icchA kA anumodana karate haiN| taba zIghra hI bhagavAn bana jAkara, vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga kara, kezoM ko ukhAr3a kara, mArgazIrSa mAsa ke kRSNapakSa kI dazamI tithi ko dagambarI dIkSA le lete haiM mora mauna dhAraNa kara lete haiN| tatpazcAt unake mana meM manaHparyaya' nAmaka jJAna kA udaya hotA hai| 1. 'IntirAya jJAnAvaraNakSayopazame sati paramanogatasyArthasya sphuTaM paricchedakaM jJAnaM manaHparyAyaH / (IrSyA mAdi vighna rUpa jJAnAvaraNa ke naSTa yA zAnta ho jAne para dUsare vyakti ke hRdaya meM sthita tattva ko spaSTa rUpa se vyApta karane vAlA jJAna manaHparyAya hai|) -'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' ke 'mAIta darzana' se /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana unhoMne anya dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke atirikta apanA svatantra mArga cunA / apanA 'vIra'... nAmaka sArthaka karane ke lie tapazcaraNa ke samaya bar3I-bar3I vipattiyoM kA sAmanA kiyA aura saba para vijaya prApta kI / 32 ekAdaza sagaM eka dina bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dhyAna karate samaya apanA sampUrNa pUrvavRttAnta jAna liyaa| sabase pahale vaha pururabA nAma ke bhIla the / tatpazcAt prAditIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke pautra marIci ke rUpa meM unhoMne janma grahaNa kiyaa| marIci hI svarga kA deba banA / phira brAhmaNa yoni meM janmA / vaha brAhmaNa aneka kuyoniyoM meM janma letA huA eka vAra zANDilya brAhmaNa maura usakI pArAzarikA nAma kI strI kA sthAvara nAmaka putra huprA / pravrajyA ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne mAhendra svarga ke devatva kA upabhoga kiyA / tatpazcAt rAjagRha nagara meM vizvabhUti aura usakI jainI nAmaka strI kA vizvanandI nAmaka putra hudhA / tapasyA karane para vizvamanvI mahAzukra nAmaka svarga meM gayA / tatpazcAt vizvanandI podanapura ke rAjA prajApati aura rAnI mRgAvatI kA tripRSTha nAma kA putra huA / isake bA vizvanandI ko rorava naraka meM jAnA par3A / isake bAda use siMha kI yoni prApta huii| yaha siMha marakara naraka gyaa| phira siMha ke rUpa meM janmA / hiMsAyukta svabhAva vAle usa siMha ko kisI munirAja ne usake pUrvajanmoM kA vRttAnta batA diyaa| siMhayoni ke pazcAt vaha mRtabhojI deva hubhrA / isa deva ne kanakapura ke rAjA kanaka ke putra ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyaa| muniveza dhAraNa karane ke pazcAt yaha rAjakumAra lAntatra svarga meM phuNcaa| phira isa deva ne sAketa nagarI meM rAjA brajapeNa mora zIlavatI rAnI ke putra rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyA / anta meM tapasyA karate hue mahAzukra svarga ko gayA / punaH puSkala deza kI puNDarIkiNI purI ke sumitra rAjA mora suvratA rAnI kA priyamitra nAmaka rAjakuMmAra humrA / anta meM tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa vaha sahasrAra svarga meM janmA / punaH puSkala deza kI chatrapurI nagarI ke rAjA zrabhinandana zrora rAnI vIramatI kA nanda nAmaka putra huA / isI janma meM daMgambarI-zikSA lekara acyuta svarga kA indra banA / usI indra ne aba isa kuNDa napurI meM rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI priyakAriNI ke vardhamAna nAmaka rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM janma liyA hai / apane ina pUrvajanmoM ke vRttAnta ko mahAvIra ne svayaM kie pApa kA phala btaayaa| unhoMne kuTumba se asahayoga evaM krodha, matsara prAdi ke tyAga para bala diyA aura satyAgraha kA pAlana karane ke lie kahA / dvAdaza sarga prAtmatatva kA cintana karate hue mahAvIra bhagavAn grISma Rtu meM parvata-zikhara para, varSA Rtu meM vRkSoM ke nIce aura zItakAla meM caurAhe ke Upara baitthe| unhoMne

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyagranyoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 33 vicAra kiyA ki por3A prAtmA ko nahIM, jJAna-rahita zarIra ko kaSTa pahuMcAtI hai / samaya-samaya para bhagavAna ke aikamAsika aura cAturmAsika upavAsa bhI cala rahe the mAtmatattva ko jAnakara, saMsAra ko pApapaMka se dUra karane ke lie, grISma Rtu ke vaMzAkha mAsa kI zuklA dazamI tithi ko bhagavAn ne kevala-jJAna prApta kiyaa| isa samaya unake cAra mukha suzobhita hone lge| unake zarIra kA pratibimba par3anA banda ho gyaa| unake andara sabhI vidyAnoM kA praveza ho gyaa| isI harSamaya vAtAvaraNa meM indra ne samavasaraNa nAmaka sabhAmaNDapa kA nirmANa kiyaa| isI samavasaraNa sabhAmaNDapa meM mahAvIra bhagavAn ne muktimArga kA upadeza diyaa| trayodaza sagaM samavasaraNa sabhA ke madhya gandhakuTI meM sthita siMhAsana para bhagavAna mahAvIra avasthita the| usa samaya unakA mukhamaNDala atyanta tejasvI laga rahA thaa| unake zira para chatratraya suzobhita thaa| usa samaya devagaNa dundubhi bajA rahe the aura bhagavAn mahAvora prapanI pavitra vANI se sabake kaNaMkaharoM ko abhiSikta kara rahe the| bhagavAn ke isa divya aizvarya se prabhAvita, veda vedAMga kA jJAtA indrabhUti nAmaka brAhmaNa vahAM paayaa| usake mana meM prabhu kA vaibhava dekhakara mAzcarya huA / apanI prajJAnatA ke kAraNa vaha mana hI mana tarka-vitarka karane lgaa| anta meM, vaha bolA-'he deva mujhe satya jJAna karAne kI kRpA karo-aura aisA kahakara vaha unake caraNoM meM gira pdd'aa| __ bhagavAn ne ASAr3ha ko gurupUrNimA ke dina use satya, ahiMsA aura tyAga kA upadeza diyaa| caturdaza sarga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNavara hue-gotama indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti pAryavyakta sudharma, maNDika, mauryaputra, akampita vIra, acala, metArya upAntya zreSTha aura prabhAsa / ina sabhI ne bhagavAn ke sandeza kA prasAra kiyaa| ye sabhI gaNapara apanI ziSya-paramparA ke sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa phuNce| bhagavAn ne sabako upadeza diyA evaM gautama indrabhUti ke mana meM uTha rahe sandehoM kA zamana kiyaa| bhagavAna se prAtmatattva ke upadeza ko sunakara indrabhUtiM bahuta prabhAvita hue| tatpazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ne unheM brAhmaNa ke guNoM kA jJAna kraayaa| bhagavAn ke pAvana-vacanoM se indrabhUti kA sArA kalmaSa dhula gyaa| sabhI gaNadharaparivAroM kA kalyANa humaa| gaNaSaroM ko isa prAdhyAtmika unnati ko jAnakara anya loga bhI mahAvIra bhagavAn kI zaraNa meM mAne lage / usa samavasaraNa sabhA meM sabhI loga pArasparika viroSa ko bhUlakara prAtmatattva kA cintana karane meM lIna ho ge|

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34 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya--- eka adhyayana paMcadaza sagaM samavasaraNa meM upasthita sabhI vyaktiyoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ko apanI-apanI buddhi ke anusAra grahaNa kiyaa| kintu gautama indrabhUti ne bhagavAn kI divyavANI ko vizeSarUpa se samajhA / bhagavAna ke divya vacanoM ko, unake gaNadharoM ne pracAra-prasAra hetu anUdita kiyaa| bhagavAn kA ziSyatva rAjavarga ke logoM ko nahIM grahaNa kiyA, varan jana-sAmAnya bhI isa dizA meM pIche nahIM rahA / jisa deza ke rAjapuruSa jainadharma ko svIkAra karate the, vahAM kI janatA bhI apane zAsakoM kA manusaraNa karatI thii| tatkAlIna jaina-matAvalambiyoM ne jaina-dharma ko to svIkAra - kiyA hI, sAtha hI unhoMne jinAlayoM evaM jinAzramoM kA nirmANa karane-karavAne meM bhI yogadAna diyA tathA jaina mAdhunoM ko bhI yathAgakti sammAna diyaa| jainadharma ko svIkAra na karane vAloM ne bhI jaina dharma ke mUla siddhAnta 'ahimA paramo dharma:' kA grahaNa kiyaa|| isa prakAra vIrabhagavAn dvArA pratita jainadharma brahmANDa ke digadigantoM meM vistAra pAne lgaa| poDaza sagaM isa sarga meM mahAkavi ne mahAvIra bhagavAn ke samAjopayogI vicAroM ko aMkita kiyA hai| unakA likhanA hai ki mahAbIra bhagavAn "sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santa nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhabhAga bhavet" ke siddhAnta ko mUrta rUpa meM dekhanA cAhate the| vaha pUrNa ahiMsA, paropakAra, indriya-saMyama aAdi guNoM ko sarvatra vyApakatA vAhale the| . lAza sarga bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza humA karatA thA ki isa dharA para Izvara kI pora se rAyo samAna adhikAra prApta hai aura koI kisI se bar3A yA choTA nahIM hai| saMgAra parivartanagI hai| jisa vastu kA svahA hama jaisA Aja dekhate haiM, vaizA dUsare samaya meM nahIM rhtaa| ataeva mAnatamAtra kA sammAna karake, AtmotthAna ke mArga kI ora agramara honA caahie| dUsaroM ke doSa-darzana ke samaya mauna dhAraNa karanA cAhie; para unake guNoM ko Irahita hokara apanAnA caahie| vipatti ne samaya dhairya nahIM khonA maahie| puruSa ko apane jJAna aura dhana ke prati ghamanA karanA caahie| use kAma-krodha-lobha-moha se dUra hI rahanA caahie| samAja meM bAMgavasthA puruSa ke karmAnusAra honI cAhie, janmAnusAra nhiiN| manuSya kA mAtra rakSA hI samAja meM puruSa ko sthiti kA nirdhAraka ho| puruSa ko prAtmavizvAsI, satyani Tha, dRr3ha, nirbhIka evaM pAparahita mana vAlA honA caahie| saMsAra ke dvandoM para vijaya prApta karane vAlA puruSa jitendriya hokara jina kahalAtA hai| usakA apanI sthiti ke anusAra zubhAcaraNa hI 'jainadharma' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| mAza sarga isa prakAra bhava-duHkhoM se pIr3ita puruSoM ko kaSTa se bacAne ke aneka upAya

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pranyoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne batAye haiN| unhoMne saMsAra kI gati kA niyantA Izvara ko na mAnakara, samaya ko bhAnA hai| samaya ho balavatI zakti hai jo rAjA ko reka pora raMka ko rAjA banA detA hai| samaya ke prabhAva se jaba satyayuga tretAyuga meM pariNata huA, to mAnava ko jIvana-yApana ko ve saba suvidhAe usa prakAra prApta nahIM hotI thIM jo ki satyayuga meM hotI thiiN| phalasvarUpa samAja meM avyavasthA phaila rahI thii| isa avyavasthA ko niyantrita karane ke lie dharA para caudaha kulakaroM ne janma liyA jinameM nAbhirAja prathama the| inako strI kA nAma marudevo thaa| inhoMne Adi tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko putra rUpa meM prApta kiyaa| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne aneka prakAra se logoM kA kaSTa dUra kiyaa| unheM upayukta jIvana-yApana kA upadeza diyaa| gRhastha-dharma kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt RSabhadeva ne saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyA aura logoM ko dharma ke prati prerita kiyaa| RSabhadeva ke pazcAt vApara-yuga meM ajitanAtha Adi teIsa tIrthakara aura bhI hue jinhoMne RSabhadeva dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoM kA hI pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| - ekonaviMza sarga isa dharma meM batAyA gayA hai ki koI bhI padArtha utpanna yA vinaSTa nahIM hotA, apitu nitya navIna rUpa dhAraNa kara parivartita hotA rahatA hai| sabhI padArtha / manAdikAla se apane kAraNoM se utpanna hote cale pA rahe haiN| inakI utpatti kA kAraNa Izvara nahIM hai| vizatitama sana isa sarga kA sArAMza yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pratyakSa-parokSa, sthUlasUkSma sabhI vastuoM kA jJAna prApta kara liyA thaa| isalie vaha savaMtra kahe jAte haiN| manuSyoM ko sarvajJatA prApta karane ke lie mahAvIra dvArA pracalita 'syAdvAda' ke mArga kA anusaraNa karanA cAhie / ekaviza marga zarada-Rtu kI velA meM sarvavettA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kArtika mAsa ke kRSNapakSa kI caturdazI ko rAtri ko ekAntavAsa kiyA aura rAtri ke mantima samaya meM, pAvAnagara ke upavana meM unhoMne apanA pArthiva zarIra tyAgakara zAzvata mokSa prApta kiyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mokSa prApta kara lene para unake pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti ko unakA sthAna prApta humA / dvAviza sarga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mokSa prApta kara lene para unake dvArA upadiSTa dharma kI dazA pUrvavat na raho / jaina-dharma kI, 'digambara-sampradAya' aura 'zvetAmvara-sampradAya' nAma se do dhArAeM ho gii|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana I kAladoSa ke kAraNa janamatAvalambI loga bhI mahAvIra ke upadeza kA yathocita rUpa se pAlana nahIM kara sake / unameM aneka sampradAya tathA upasampradAya banane lge| jina burAiyoM se bacane ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne navIna mAgaM calAyA thA, ve burAiyA~ jainiyoM meM hI punaH prakaTa hone lgiiN| jainadharmaM kA saMcAlana jainadharmI rAjavarga ke hAthoM se nikalakara vaizya kSatriyoM ke varga ke hAthoM meM ghA gayA / pariNAmasvarUpa jainavamaM vaNikvRtti se prabhAvita ho gayA / itanA hone para bhI yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki jitendriya jainamatAvalambiyoM kA pRthvI para sarvathA prabhAva ho gayA hai / prAja bhI aneka jitendriya mahApuruSa haiM; kintu prajJAnatAvaza hama unheM jAna nahIM pAte haiM / 36 manda meM divyaguNoM se vibhUSita tathA isa mahAkAvya ke caritanAyaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ko hama praNAma karate haiM; prora hamArI ( mahAkavi kI) hArdika icchA hai ki unakI kItti gharA para sadA banI rahe / sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya kA saMkSipta kathAsAra prathama sagaM bhAratavarSa meM zrRGga nAmaka eka deza hai, jo prAcIna samaya meM apane pratulita vaibhava ke kAraNa lokavizruta thA / isI deza meM eka nagarI thI - campApurI; jisameM Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya tejasvI, paramapratApI evaM prajAvatsala ghAtrIvAhana nAmaka rAjA kA zAsana thA / usa rAjA kI pratyanta rUpavatI kintu kuTila prabhayamatI nAma vAlI eka rAnI thI / dvitIya sagaM usa samaya campApurI meM vicArazIla, dAno, nirabhimAnI, sampattizAlI, kalAvAn, nirdoSa evaM vaizyoM meM sarvazreSTha vRSabhadAsa nAmaka eka seTha bhI rahatA thA / usakI patnI sundarI, sukomala, atithisatkAraparAyaNA, sadAcAriNI, mRdubhASiNI evaM jinamati nAma vAlI thI / ekasamaya jinamati ne rAtri ke antima prahara meM mahApuruSotpatti sUcaka svapna dekhe / prAtaHkAla hote hI vaha apane pati ke pAsa jAkara bolI ki bhAja rAta maiMne harSavarddhaka svapnAvalI dekhI hai| aba usakA abhiprAya jAnane ke lie maiM mApase nivedana karatI hU~ / prathama svapna meM maiMne sumeru parvata, dvitIya svapna meM kalpavRkSa, tRtIya svapna meM sAgara, catuthaM svapna meM nirdhUma agni prora paMnama svapna meM prAkAza meM ghUmate huye vimAna ko dekhA hai / seThAnI kI bAta sunakara seTha ne kahA ki tumane jina svapnoM ko dekhA hai unakA abhiprAya koI bhI sAdhAraNa manuSya nahIM jAna takatA / prataeva hama donoM ko svapnAvalI kA ThIka-ThIka abhiprAya jAnane ke lie yogirAja ke pAsa calanA caahie| tatpazcAt ve donoM hI jaina mandira meM pUjana kara yogirAja ke darzana karane ke lie ge| munirAja ke pAsa jAkara seTha aura seThAnI ne praNAma nivedana kiyA dhora

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kANya-prabhthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 37 muni ne unheM prAzIrvAda diyA / tadanantara seTha ne muni se nivedana kiyA ki merI patnI jinamati ne prAja rAtri meM sumeru parvata, kalpavRkSa, sAgara, nidhUma-magni zrIra prAkAzavArI vimAna ko kramazaH pA~ca svapnoM meM dekhA hai| hama isa svapnAvalI kA phala jAnane kI icchA se prApake pAsa prAye haiM / kRpayA bhApa hameM ina svapnoM kA bhiprAya samajhA diijie| seTha jI kI bAta sunakara munirAja bole ki tumhArI patnI ne jo pA~ca svapna dekhe haiM unakA tAtparya hai ki yaha yogya putra ko janma degI / svapna meM dekhe gae sumeru, kalpavRkSa, sAgara, nirdhUma-agni prora vimAna se kramaza: tumhAre putra kA dheyaM, dAnazIlatA, ratnabahulatA, karmoM kA nAza aura devoM kI priyapAtratA sUcita hotI hai| muni kI bAraNI sunakara donoM prati prasanna hue / tadanantara yathAsamaya jinamati ne garbhadhAraNa kiyA, jisase usakA saundarya pratidina vRddhi ko prApta hone lgaa| seTha vRSabhadAsa apanI patnI ko garbhavatI jAnakara bahuta prasanna huA aura yatnapUrvaka usakA saMrakSaNa karane lagA / tRtIya sagaM samaya prAne para eka dina zubhamuhUrta meM jinamati ne bhUmaNDala ko suzobhita karane vAle putra ko janma diyaa| sevaka se putrotpatti kA samAcAra pAkara vRSabhadAsa pratyadhika haMSita huprA / harSAtizaya ke kAraNa usane jinendradeva kA pUjana kiyA dhIra pratyadhika dAna diyaa| ghara meM cAroM mora vRddha mahilAoM ne maMgala dIpa prajjvalita kiye | vRSabhadAsa ne prasUtikakSa meM pahu~cakara apanI patnI aura putra para gandhodaka chir3akA / jinadarzana ke phalasvarUpa putraprApti ko svIkAra karake seTha ne apane sundara putra kA nAma sudarzana rakhA / bAlaka apanI manohara ceSTAmroM se ghara ke sabhI logoM ke havaM meM vRddhi karane lagA / zaizavAvasthA samApta hone para kumAra sadarzana ko vidyAdhyayana ke lie guru ke pAsa bhejA gayA / zIghra hI mA~ zAradA ke anugraha se vaha sabhI vidyAnoM meM pAraMgata ho gayA / dhIre-dhIre sudarzana yuvA hone lagA / usakA saundarya pratidina bar3hane lagA / eka dina sAgaradatta nAmaka vaizya kI putrI manoramA bhaura sudarzana ne jinamandira meM pUjana karate samaya eka dUsare ko dekhA / tabhI se donoM paraspara prema karane lge| kucha dinoM ke bItane para eka dina sudarzana se usake mitroM ne usakI udAsInatA kA kAraNa pU~chA to usane use uccasvara se gAne ke phalasvarUpa huI thakAna kahakara TAlanA cAhA / kintu catura mitra usakI manovyathA ko samajha gaye / dhIredhIre yaha vRttAnta seTha vRSabhadAsa ke kAnoM meM bhI par3A / seTha vRSabhadAsa sudarzana ke viSaya meM cintA kara hI rahA thA ki vahA~ manoramA ke pitA seTha sAgaradatta mA phueNce| vRSabhadAsa ne unakA yathocita satkAra kiyA aura

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38 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana zrAne kA kAraNa pUMchA / sAgaradatta ne vahA~ Ane kA prapanA prayojana batAyA ki vaha sudarzana ke sAtha apanI putrI manoramA kA vivAha karanA cAhatA hai| harSita mana se vivAha kI svIkRti de dI aura eka dina zubha velA meM manoramA kA vivAha ho gayA / vRSabhavAsa ne sudarzana mora caturtha sarga eka bAra usa nagara ke upavana meM eka muni zrAye / campApurI ke nara-nArI unake darzana karane ke lie gye| seTha vRSabhadAsa bhI apane parivAra sahita gayA / muni ko praNAma karake usane unase dharma kA svarUpa puuchaa| muni ne AzIrvAda dekara dharma evaM adharma kA svarUpa aura bheda smjhaayaa| muni kI pramRtavarSiNI vANI ko sunakara seTha vRSabhadAsa kA sArA moha samApta ho gayA aura vaha saba kucha tyAgakara muni bana gayA / muni kI vANI aura pitA ke prAcaraNa se prabhAvita sudarzana ne bhI munirAja ke samakSa muni banane kI icchA prakaTa kI / kintu usane yaha bhI nivedana kiyA ki mere hRdaya meM apanI patnI manoramA ke lie atizaya prIti hai, jo mujhe muni banane meM bAdhikA pratIta hotI hai / prataeva zrApa isase bhI mukta hone kA upAya batAyeM / sudarzana kI bAta sunakara munirAja ne kahA ki he sudarzana, tuma donoM ke atizaya prema kA kAraNa tuma donoM kA pUrvajanmakAlIna saMskAra hai / kyoMki pahale janma meM tuma aura manoramA bhIla bhIlanI the / vaha bhIla agale janma meM kuttA humA / eka jinAlaya meM marane 'pazcAt vahI kuttA eka gvAle ke yahA~ putra rUpa meM jammA / eka bAra usa gvAle ke putra ne eka sarovara se eka sahasradala kamala tor3A / usI samaya AkAzavANI huI ki isa kamala kA upabhoga tuma mata karo, tuma ise le jAkara kisI mahApuruSa ko pradAna kara do; jise sanakara vaha bAlaka inhIM seTha vRSabhadAsa ko, jo isa samaya tumhAre pitA haiM, kamala bheMTa karane kI icchA se inake pAsa mAyA / kintu inhoMne vaha kamala rAjA ko samarpita karanA cAhA aura usa bAlaka ko lekara yaha rAjA ke pAsa phuNce| para sampUrNa sandarbha jAnane para rAjA ne vaha kamala jina bhagavAn ko sevA meM samarpita karanA cAhA aura sabako lekara vaha jinamandira meM pahuMce / vahA~ pahu~cakara rAjA ne bar3I ghUma dhAma ke sAtha vaha kamala puSpa gvAla bAlaka ke hI hAthoM dvArA bhagavAn jinendra kI sevA meM samarpita kara diyA / isa ghaTanA se prabhAvita hokara seTha vRSabhadAsa ne usa gvAla-bAlaka ko yogya samajhakara apane ghara kA sevaka banA liyA / eka dina vaha gopabAlaka jaMgala se sUkhI lakar3iyA~ kATa kara ghara lauTa rahA thaa| sardI kA samaya thA / himapAta ho rahA thA / mAgaM meM usane eka sAdhu ke darzana kiye, jo eka vRkSa ke nIce samAdhistha the| unakI sthiti ko dayanIya dekhakara usane vicAra kiyA ki nizcaya hI inheM zIta satA rahA hogaa| prataH usane unake 1

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 36 sAmane prAga jalA dI bhora svayaM bhI baiTha gayA / vaha sArI rAta prAga jalAtA huA vahIM baiThA rahA / prAtaH kAla hone para sAdhu kI samAdhi bhaMga huii| unhoMne bAlaka ko dekhA aura prasanna hokara 'namo' mantra kA upadeza diyaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI pradeza diyA ki vaha pratyeka kArya ke pUrva isa mantra kA smaraNa kara liyA kare / bAlaka muni ko praNAma karake ghara lauTa AyA aura unakI prAjJA ke anusAra apanA jIvana-yApana karane lagA / eka dina vaha gAya-bhaiMsoM ko carAne lie jaMgala gayA huA thA / vahA~ eka bhaiMsa sarovara meM ghusa gaI / usako nikAlane ke lie vaha maMtrasmaraNapUrvaka sarovara meM kUdA / sarovara meM eka lakar3I kI noka se coTa lagane ke kAraNa usakI mRtyu ho gaI / usa mahAmantra ke prabhAva se vahI bAlaka seTha vRSabhadAsa ke ghara meM putra bana kara arthAt tumhAre rUpa meM utpanna huA hai / vaha bhIlanI bhI marakara bhaiMsa huii| tatpazcAt dhobina bnii| usa dhobina ne hiMsA evaM sarvaparigraha kA parityAga karake Arthika vrata ko apanA liyA / apane nirmala-svabhAva, satyavAditA ityAdi guNoM ke kAraNa vaha punaH tumhArI patnI huI hai / prata. isa samaya tuma donoM dharmAnukUla prAcaraNa karate huye sukhapUrvaka apanA jIvana bitaao| munirAja kI isa prakAra vAlI sunakara sudarzana aura manoramA, donoM hI, muni dvArA batAye gaye niyamoM kA pAlana karate huye mukha pUrvaka jIvana yApana karane lage / paMcama sarga eka dina prAtaH kAla sudarzana jinadeva kA pUjana karake lauTa rahA thaa| mArga meM kapilA brAhmaNI ne usako dekhaa| sudarzana ke tejasvI svarUpa ko dekhakara usakA mana sthira na raha sk| / grataeva usane sudarzana ko chala se bulAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| usakI dAsI sudarzana ke samIpa gaI aura usase bolI ki he mahApurupa ! tuma yahA~ nizcinta ho; lekina tumhArA mitra asvastha ho rahA hai| dAsI kI bAta sunate hI mitra ko dekhane kI icchA se sudarzana dAsI ke sAtha kapilA brAhmaNI ke ghara pahu~cA / dAsI ke dizA-nirdeza se vaha bhavana ke usa kakSa meM gayA jahA~ kapilA brAhmaNI leTI thI / sudarzana ke kuzala samAcAra pUchane para kapilA ne raticeSTAyukta madhuravANI meM svAgata karate huye usakA hAtha pakar3a liyaa| sudarzana apane puruSa mitra ke sthAna para eka ratikAmA strI ko dekhakara bahuta ghabarAyA / kintu usane apane ko napuMsaka batAkara kapilA brAhmaNI se pIchA chur3AyA aura zIghratA se ghara lauTa mAyA / SaSTha sarga jana-jana ke mana ko lubhAne vAle RturAja vasanta kA Agamana huA / campApurI ke sabhI nivAsI prAkRtika suSamA aura koyala ke paMcama svara se prAkRSTa

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mahAkayi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana hokara vanavihAra hetu eka udyAna ko prasthita hue| udyAna meM rAnI abhayamatI bhI pahu~bI / usI samaya sudarzana kI patnI manoramA bhI apane putra ko lekara udyAna meM mAI / taba usako dekhakara vahAM para prAI huI kapilA brAhmaNI ne rAnI se usakA paricaya puuNchaa| rAnI se sudarzana ko putravAn jAnakara kapilA ne kahA ki sudarzana to napuMsaka hai| yaha putra usakA kaise ho sakatA hai ? para jaba rAnI ko kapilA kI bAta kA vizvAsa nahIM huA to usane apane sAtha ghaTita pUrNa vRttAnta rAnI ko kaha sunAyA, jise sunakara rAnI ne kahA ki kapilA, sudarzana ne jhUTha kaha kara tujhe dhokhA diyA hai / isa para kapilA ne rAnI ko hI cunautI de dI ki vahI sudarzana ko vaza meM kara dikhaae| kapilA kI cunautI ne rAnI ke mana meM sudarzana ke prati kAmabhAva jAgarita kara diyA / phalasvarUpa vaha sarvatra hI kalpanA meM sudarzana ke hI darzana karane lagI aura nirantara kuza hotI gii| rAnI kI dazA dekhakara dAsI eka dina pUMcha baiThI to rAnI ne apanI manovyathA kA sahI-pahI kAraNa use batA diyA / dAsI ne rAnI ko samajhAyA ki use rAjA ke atirikta anya kisI bhI puruSa se kAmajanya sneha nahIM karanA caahie| para rAnI ke Upara usakA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM huA / vaha bolI ki tU mere duHkha ko nahIM samajha rahI hai / strI to bhogyA hotI hai| use ekAntatA para nahIM, varan anekAntatA para hI vizvAsa rakhanA caahie| aura avasara pAte hI balavAn puruSa ke sAtha ramaNa kara lenA caahie| prataH tU upadeza banda kara pora sudarzana ko yahA~ lAne kA prabandha kr| rAnI ko aisI haThapUrNa bAtoM ko sunakara dAsI ne socA ki yaha merI svAminI haiM aura maiM inakI dAsI haiN| ataH inako upadeza dene meM meM samartha na ho spheNgii| phira sevaka ko to svAmI kI prAzA kA harasaMbhava upAya se pAlana karanA hI ucita hai / usane mana meM vicAra kiyA ki sadarzana ahamI evaM caturdazI kI rAtri meM zmazAna meM pratimAvata meM dhyAnazIla hote haiN| prataH isa avasthA meM unheM pUjA hetu miTTI ke putale ke bahAne ranivAsa meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| saptama sarga rAnI kI dAsI ne manuSya kI prAkRti vAlA miTTI kA eka putalA banavAyA, rAtri ho jAne para use vastra se acchI taraha DhaMkakara pITha para sAdakara antaHpura meM praveza karane kA jyoMhI prayatna kiyA tyoMhI dvArapAla ne use bIca meM hI roka diyaa| taba dAsI ne dvArapAla se nivedana kiyA ki rAnI abhayamatI eka vrata kara rahI hai, jisameM unheM manuSya ke putale ko pUjanA hai| yaha putalA maiM isI uddezya se bhItara le jA rahI huuN| ata: mujhe jAne do| dvArapAla ne dAsI kI eka na sunI pora mandara pAtI huI dAsI ko dhakkA dekara bAhara kiyA to usakI pITha para rakhA humA 'putalA'

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra girakara TUTa gyaa| isa para dAsI ne jora-jora se ronA dhIra dvArapAla ko prapazabda kahanA prArambha kara diyaa| dvArapAla bhI rAnI ke bhaya ke kAraNa dAsI se kSamAyAcanA karane lagA maura usane use prandara jAne kI anumati de dii| isa prakAra dvArapAla kI prora se nizcinta hokara caturA dAsI sudarzana ko rAjamahala meM pahuMcAne ke lie pratidina putale lAne lagI / eka dina kRSNapakSa kI caturdazI kI rAtri meM sudarzana zmazAna meM dhyAnAvasthA meM baiThA thA / dAsI vahA~ pahu~ca gaI aura sudarzana ko akelA pAkara pratyanta harSita huii| pahale to usane sudarzana ko rAnI ke sahavAsa hetu prerita evaM uttejita kiyA; para jaba sudarzana kI prora se kucha bhI pratikriyA nahIM huI to usane unheM usI dhyAnadazA meM apanI pITha para lAda liyA aura roja kI bhA~ti prantaHpura meM pahu~cakara rAnI ke palaMga para unheM biThA diyA / sudarzana ko apane samIpa pAkara rAnI bahuta hI prasanna huI / usane apane vacanoM se sudarzana ko uttejita karane kA bahuta prayatna kiyA / zraneka prakAra kI spaSTa kAma - ceSTAeM bhI kIM, jinase sudarzana kA dhyAna to TUTA para bairAgyabhAvanA dhaura bhI adhika r3ha ho gaI / phalasvarUpa unake Upara rAnI kI kAmaceSTAoM kA kucha bhI asara nahIM huA / apanI ceSTAnoM ko niSphala dekhakara pratyanta nirAza rAnI ne dAsI se kahA ki ise bAhara kara do| para dAsI ne samajhAyA ki isa prakAra ise bAhara le jAne meM bheda khula jAne kA bhaya hai / ataH isake parityAga ke lie 'triyAcarita' kA prayoga ucita hogA / yaha sunakara rAnI jora-jora se cillAkara kahane lagI ki bhare dvArapAlo daur3o, jaldI prAmro, koI duSTa yahIM ghusa AtA hai, maura mujhe satAnA cAhatA hai; jaldI prAmro prAdi Adi / rAnI kI pukAra ko sunakara dvArapAla zIghratA se andara prAye prora suvarzana ko pakar3akara rAjA ke sAmane le gye| sevakoM ke muMha se samasta vRttAnta sunakara rAjA ne sudarzana kA muMha dekhanA bhI pasanda nahIM kiyA praura use cANDAla ke hAthoM sauMpa diyA / hama sagaM sudarzana sambandhI ukta ghaTanA jaba nagaravAsiyoM ke kAnoM meM par3I to loga taraha-taraha kI bAteM karane lge| kucha loga kahane lage ki yaha to bar3I rahasyamaya ghaTanA hai; zmazAna meM sthita sudarzana prantaHpura meM kaise praviSTa humA ? kucha logoM ne kahA ki sudarzana aindrajAlika hai tathA kucha logoM ne kahA ki yaha rAjA kA SaDayantra pratIta hotA hai / sudarzana ko jaba cANDAla ke yahA~ pahu~cA diyA gayA, taba rAjA dvArA cANDAla ko, sudarzana kA vadha karane kA prAdeza huprA / para cANDAla ne jaise hI

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42 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana sudarzana ke gale meM talavAra kA prahAra kiyA, vaise hI vaha prahAra, hAra banakara sudarzana ke gale meM suzobhita hone lagA / yaha vRttAnta jaba rAjA ko jJAta huA to vaha kruddha hokara svayaM hI sudarzana ko mArane ke liye udyata ho gyaa| lekina jaise hI usane sudarzana ko mArane ke lie talavAra hAtha meM lI, vaise hI prAkAzavANI huI ki - ' yaha apanI strI manoramA se hI paramasantuSTa, jitendriya tathA saba prakAra se nirdoSa hai| doSI to tumhAre hI ghara kA hai / prataeva ucita prakAra se doSI kA nirIkSaNa karo / isa prAkAzavANI ko sunate hI rAjA kA sampUrNa moha naSTa ho gayA / vaha sudarzana kI bhAMti-bhAMti se stuti karake, usake caraNa pakar3akara apane sthAna para usI se rAjya karane kA nivedana karane lagA / rAjA kI bAta ko sunakara sudarzana ne kahA- 'rAjan mere prati jo kucha bhI huA hai, usameM prApakA koI doSa nahIM hai| yaha to saba mere pUrvopArjita karmoM kA phala hai / bhApa to mujha aparAdhI ko daNDa hI de rahe the, jo Apake lie ucita thA / kintu maiM kisI ko bhI apanA zatru yA mitra nahIM samajhatA huuN| isalie isa ghaTanA kA mujhapara koI prabhAva nahIM par3A hai| mahArAnI aura zrApa to mere mAtA-pitA haiM / zrataH prApane mere sAtha yathocita vyavahAra kiyA hai| maiM to samajhatA hU~ ki pratyeka puruSa ko cAhie ki vaha mokSaprApti hetu dheyyaMyukta hokara mada-mAtsarya kA parityAga kare / prANI svAnubhUti viSayaka sukha-duHkha kA svayaM utpAdaka hai / anya koI use na to sukha detA hai aura na duHkha / prataeva manuSya ko sukhaH duHkha meM eka sI avasthA dhAraNa karanI cAhie / sukha zrAtmA kI anubhUti kA viSaya hai / vaha rAjya prApta karake nahIM mila sakatA / ataeva rAjya to zrApa svayaM kreN| mujhe to aba kevala mokSa kI cintA karanI hai / isa ghaTanA ke dhanantara sudarzana ne vairAgya lene kA nizcaya kara liyaa| ghara jAkara apanA yaha nizcaya usane manoramA ko bhI sunaayaa| usane vicAra kiyA ki viSNu bhora zaMkara ko bhI DigAne vAlI, sajjanatA kA vinAza karane vAlI, pApotpAdaka isa sAMsArika mAyA kA parityAga karanA hI caahie| manoramA ne usakI icchA kA samarthana karate hue svayaM bhI usI ke mArga kA anusaraNa karane kI icchA prakaTa kara dii| manoramA ke vacana sunakara, sudarzana ne jinAlaya meM jAkara prasannatApUrvaka bhajana-pUjana prora bhagavAn kA abhiSeka kiyA aura vahIM para sthita vimalavAhana nAmake yogIzvara ke darzana kie| yogIzvara ko bhaktipUrvaka praNAma karake, unakI hArdika svara se stuti karake sudarzana vahIM digambara muni bana gyaa| manoramA ne bhI sarvaparigraha kA parityAga karake prArbikA vrata ko mapanA liyA /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra vAstavikatA sAmane mA jAne para rAmI abhayamatI ne prAtmahatyA kara lii| mara kara kaha pATaliputra meM 'vyantarI1 devI ho gaI / rAnI ke mAtmahatyA kara lene para paNDitA dAsI bhI campApurI se bhAgakara pATaliputra kI prasiddha vezyA,-devadattA ke pAsa phuNcii| usane vezyA ko sArA hAla sunAkara vezyA se bhI sudarzana ko vipita karane ke lie khaa| navama sarga digambara muni ho jAne para sudarzana ghora tapazcaraNa karate hue pATaliputra phuNce| vahAM ghUmate sudarzana ko dekhakara paNDitA dAsI ne devadattA vezyA ko uksaayaa| phalasvarUpa usa vezyA ne sudarzana ko apane ghara bulavAyA aura bhaneka prakAra kI kAma ceSTAyoM se sudarzana ko vaza meM karanA caahaa| jaba usakI ceSTAyeM vyartha huI to vaha sudarzana se bolI ki-'isa alpavaya meM prApane yaha vrata kyoM apanAyA hai ? paraloka kI cintA to vRddhAvasthA meM kI jA sakatI hai| isa samaya isa sundara zarIra kA. pramAdara pApa kyoM kara rahe haiM ? vezyA ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara munirAja sudarzana bole-'yaha jo zarIra Upara se sundara dikhAI detA hai, vaha andara to ghRNita padArthoM se hI bharA huA hai| nAzavAn zarIra kA sakha ho prAtmA kA sukha nahIM hai| prAtmA ko sukha pahu~cAne ke lie zarIra ke vazavartI nahIM rahanA cAhie / tumhAre dvArA aMgIkRta yaha mArga parvata ke samAna UMcA-nIcA hai| tuma indriya-viSayoM meM sukha mAnatI ho jabaki sukha mAtmA kA guNa hai, usakA indriya viSayoM se koI sambandha nahIM hai|' apane anurAgayukta vacanoM kA virAgayukta uttara pAkara vezyA sadarzana ko apanI zayyA para le gaI aura apane hAva-bhAva-tathA madhura vacanoM se sudarzana ko vicalita karane kA prayatna karane lgii| kintu sudarzana ke Upara usakI una uddAma kAma ceSTAmoM kA kicidapi prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| isa prakAra tIna dina taka bhauti-bhAMti ke prayatna karake jaba devadattA apane uddezya meM saphala nahIM huI, taba vaha pAzcaryacakita hokara sudarzana kI prazasti gAne lgii| unakI jitendriyatA, dhIratA, namratA, har3atA aura sadAcAra kI prazaMsA karatI huI vaha bolI-'mohAndhakAra ke kAraNa maiMne mApake prati jo aparAdha kiyA hai, use kSamA kareM aura dharmayukta vacanAmRta se merA kalyANa kreN| devadattA ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara sudarzana ne use upayukta pAcaraNa kA 1. (viziSTaH mantaro yasya-(strIliGga meM-yasyAH) / ) pizAca, yakSa mAdi / - eka prakAra kA pratiprAkRtika prANI |-vaamn zivarAma prApTe kRta saMskRta hindI koza-motIlAla banArasIdAsa vArANasI, 1966-meM pR0 985 se

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAvya--eka adhyayana svarUpa batAyA bhora samajhAyA ki puruSa ko jitendriya banane ke lie nimnalikhita ekAdaza niyamoM kA avazyameva pAlana karanA cAhie :(naM0 eka) puruSa ko uttejaka, mamazya, anupasevya, trasabahula padArthoM ko nahIM khAnA caahie| (naM0 do) pratiSisatkAraparAyaNatA aura sadAcAra kA pAlana karanA caahie| (naM0 tIna) mAjIvana prabhAta, madhyAhna bhora sAyaMkAla meM bhagavAn kA smaraNa karanA caahie| (naM0 gAra) pratyeka parva meM vidhisahita upavAsa karanA cAhie / (naM. pAMca) pratyeka padArtha koM pakAkara khAnA cAhie / (i* chaH) dina meM do bAra se jyAdA bhojana nahIM karanA caahie| ho sake to eka bAra hI kareM / rAtri meM bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie / (20 sAta) kAma-sevana kA sarvathA parityAga karanA caahie| (maM0 pATha) indriya-viSayoM para niyantraNa pAMkara pAtmika guNoM kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahanA cAhie / (naM0 nau) zarIra aura prAtmA kI sattA pRthak-pRthak svIkAra karake pUrvopArjita dhana ityAdi kA parityAga karanA cAhie / (na0 daza) sAMsArika.kAryoM se mana ko haTAkara, sampUrNa samaya paramatattva kA cintana karanA caahie| (i* gyAraha) apane prAcAra kI siddhi ke lie mana ko loka-mArga meM nahIM lagAnA caahie| sudarzana se dharma kA svarUpa jAnakara aura zubhAzIrvAda pAkara, devadattA kA to sArA moha naSTa humA hI, paNDitA dAsI kA bhI prajJAna dUra ho gyaa| prataH ve. donoM hI sudarzana se dIkSA lekara 'pAryikA' bana gii| devaratA ko upadeza dekara sudarzana bhI zmazAna meM jAkara mAtmadhyAna meM lIna ho gae / eka dina vihAra karatI huI vyantarI devIrUpadhAriNI, pAtmaghAtinI rAnI samayamatI ne sudarzana ko dekha liyaa| vaha koSa meM bharakara unase apazabda kahane lgii| usane suvarzana ke sAtha nirdayatApUrvaka vyavahAra kiyaa| kintu apanI binazvara deha ke Upara hone vAle pratyAcAra kI cintA na karake vaha ajara evaM pramara mAtmA ke prati cintana karane lge| isa avasthA meM sudarzana kA rahA-sahA bhI rAga-dveSa samApta ho gayA / tatpazcAt unheM kevala jJAna prApta ho gayA aura sabhI bAhya karmoM ke kSINa ho jAne se unheM moma bhI mila gyaa| prathama sarga bhAratavarSa meM zrIpAkhaNDa nAmaka eka nagara hai| prAcInakAla meM usa nagara meM subatta nAma kA eka vaizya nivAsa karatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma sumitrA thaa|

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mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAmya-granyoM ke saMkSipta kapAsAra una donoM kA sarala svabhAva vAlA madamitra nAmaka eka putra humaa| eka bAra usake mitroM ne use samajhAyA ki vaizyoM ko vyAvasAyika vRtti vAlA honA cAhie; apanI AjIvikA ko cintA puruSa ko svayaM karanI caahie| prataeva jIvana-yApana hetu, dhanArjana karane ke lie hameM ratna-dvIpa jAnA cAhie / unhIM mitroM meM se eka mitra ne isa sambandha meM eka kathA bhI sunAI, jo isa prakAra hai : vittIya sarga bhAratavarSa ke madhya meM sundara, ucca-zikharoM vAlA, vijayAca parvata hai| parvata ke uttara meM bhUmi ko palaMkana karane vAlI alakA nAma kI nagarI hai|| eka samaya usa nagarI meM pratyanta yazasvI, mahAkaccha nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma dAminI vA mora putrI kA nAma priyaGaguzrI thaa| jaba vaha putrI yuvatI huI to rAjA ko usake vivAha kI cintA huii| eka jyotiSI ne batAyA ki 'suzIla svabhAva vAlI priyaGaguzrI kA . visAha stambakaguccha ke mahAdAnI rAjAdhirAja airAvaNa ke sAtha hogaa| yaha sunakara mahAkaccha ne stabaka guccha nagarI ke rAjA airAvaNa kI parIkSA lI aura apanI putrI ke lie use yogya samajhakara, usase apanI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha karane kA nivedana kiyaa| airAvaNa ne svIkRti de do aura priyaMguzrI ko stabakaguccha meM lAne ke lie khaa| rAjA mahAkaccha priyaGguzrI ko alakApurI se stabaka guccha lA rahA thA, mArga meM priyaGguzrI se vivAha karane ke icchuka vajrasena nAmaka eka anya puruSa se usakI muThabher3a ho gii| yaha bAta aigavaraNa ke kAnoM meM bhI pahu~ca gii| usane zIghratA se prAkara vajrasena ko parAjita kiyA aura priyaGaguzrI ke sAtha vivAha kara liyaa| vajrasena ne nirAza hokara, jinadIkSA lekara, UparI mana se tapasyA karanI zurU kara dii| eka bAra tAzcaraNa ke madhya hI jaba vaha stabakaguccha nagara pahuMcA to vahAM ke logoM ne use DaMDoM se khUba piittaa| phalasvarUpa krodhita hokara vanasena ne apane bAye kandhe se nikale tejasa putale se sAre nagara ko jalA diyaa| svayaM bhI jalakara bhasma ho gayA aura naraka pcaa| prataeva vajrasena ke samAna dUsaroM ko milI vastuproM para pradhikAra jamAne kI icchA nahIM karanI caahie| tRtIya sarga mitra dvArA kathita kathA se bhadramitra bahuta prabhAvita hmaa| mitramaNDalI ko chor3akara vaha ghara pahuMcA aura dUsare deza jAne ke lie pitA se prAjJA maaNgii| pitA ne uttara diyA--'merI to svayaM kI itanI adhika mAya hai ki tumheM dhanArjana karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nhiiN| phira tuma mere ekamAtra putra ho, isalie tumhArA jAnA mere lie kaSTaprada hogaa|'

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana bhadramitra ke bahuta prAgraha karane para pitA ne kahA - 'tumhArA jAnA maiM to phira bhI sahana kara lUMgA, para tumhArI mAtA ko yaha kaise sahana hogA ? pitA kI bAta sunakara bhadramitra mAtA ke samIpa dhanumati prApta karane ke lie gayA / apane ekamAtra putra kA videza jAnA sunakara pahale to bhadramitra kI mAtA vicalita huI; kintu bhadramitra ko dRr3ha vicAra vAlA jAnakara mAtA ko anumati denI hI par3I / 46 mAtA-pitA se anumati pAkara bhadramitra apane sAthiyoM sahita ratnadvIpa pahu~cA prora vahA~ usane sAta ratna prApta kiye| isake pazcAt bhadramitra siMhapura pahu~cA / usa samaya siMhapura meM siMhasena rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| rAjA kI patnI kA nAma thA rAmadattA / rAjA ke maMtrI kA nAma zrIbhUti thA, jisane prapanI jhUThI satyavAditA kA samAcAra cAroM ora phailA rakhA thaa| usane apane gale meM eka churI isaliye bA~dha rakhI thI ki yadi kabhI usake muMha se asatya bAta nikalI to vaha usI churI se zrAtmahatyA kara legA / apane isa jhUThe guNa ke kAraNa hI rAjA se usane 'satyaghoSa' nAma bhI pA liyA thA / siMhapura pahu~cakara bhadramitra kA paricaya isI satyaghoSa mantrI se huprA / bhadramitra ne satyaghoSa ko bahuta sA puraskAra dekara usase apane mAtA-pitA ko siMhapura meM hI basAne kI zrAjJA mA~gI / satyaghoSa ne zrAjJA de dI / bhadramitra apane sAtoM ratna satyaghoSa ko sauMpakara mAtA-pitA ko lene calA gayA / sihapura loTakara bhadramitra ne satyaghoSa se apane ratna mA~ge to usane yaha svIkAra hI nahIM kiyA ki bhadramitra use ratna sauMpa gayA thaa| jaba bhadramitra ne praka prakAra se apanI bAta ko pramANita karane kI ceSTA kI, to paharedAroM ne use pAgala kahakara bAhara nikAla diyA / satyaghoSa ke prabhAva ke kAraNa rAjadarabAra meM bhI kisI ne usakI bAta nahIM sunI / nirAza hokara bhadramitra eka nizcita samaya para, vRkSa para car3hakara satyaghoSa kI jhUThI kIti kI nindA karatA thA aura usakI pratiSThA naSTa hone kA zApa desara yA 1. Q usake vilApa kI rAnI ne bhI sunA, to rAjA se usane kahA ki yaha puruSa jo satyaghoSa kI nindA karatA hai, usakA kAraNa pAgalapana nahIM, apitu satyaghoSa se sambandhita koI rahasya hai / prataeva rahasyodghATana honA caahie| maiM vAstavikatA ko jAnanA cAhatI hU~ / isa kAma kI siddhi ke lie prApa rAjadarabAra lagAkara vahIM baiTheM | sujA ke jAne ke bAda, anAyAsa hI upasthita hue satyaghoSa ko rAnI ne zrAdarasahita zataraMja khelane ke lie grAmantrita kiyaa| apanI bAloM se use bhulAne meM

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granyoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra meM DAlakara rAnI ne usase yajJopavIta, churI aura mudrikA tInoM vastueM jIta liiN| rAnI ne dAsI ko bulAkara tInoM vastueM use sauMpakara prAdeza diyA ki mantrI ke ghara jAkara mantrI kI patnI ko ye tInoM vastueM saupakara bhadramitra kI ratnoM kI poTalI le pA / dAsI ne mantrI ke ghara jAkara mantrI kI tInoM vastueM usakI patnI ko sauMpakara bhadramitra kI ratnoM kI poTalI prApta kara lI aura lAkara rAnI ko sauMpa dii| caturtha sarga rAnI ne ve ratna rAjA ko sauMpa die| rAjA ne bhadrAmitra kI parIkSA lene ke lie una ratnoM meM aura bhI ratna milA die| kintu bhadramitra ne ratnasamUha meM se marane sAta ratnoM ko chA~Ta kara uThA liyaa| rAjA ne bhadramitra kA satyAcaraNa dekhakara use rAjazreSTho banA diyaa| sAtha hI duSTa satyaghoSa ko kaThora daNDa dekara apadastha kara diyaa| usake sthAna para dhammilla nAmaka puruSa ko mantrI pada de diyaa| phalasvarUpa satyaghoSa brAhmaNa ne prAtmahatyA kara lI, vaha mara kara sarpa hmaa| rAjaseTha bana jAne ke bAda, bhadramitra ne prAsanAbhidhAna vana meM ruke. varaparma nAmaka munirAja ke darzana kie| unake upadeza se, usake santoSa meM vRddhi hone lagI / phalasvarUpa vaha apanI sampatti kA atizaya dAna karane lagA / apanI lobhI mAM ke rokane para bhI usakI dAnazIlatA meM koI kamI nahIM huI / usake dAnazIla svabhAva se ruTa hokara usakI mAtA ne prANa tyAga die; vaha marakara vyAghrI huii| eka dina isI vyAghrI ne bhadramitra ko khA liyaa| tatpazcAta bhadramitra ne rAnI rAmadattA aura rAjA siMhasena ke putra (siMhacandra) ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| siMhacandra kA eka choTA bhAI pUrNacandra thA! eka dina jA sihasena apane khajAne meM ratna ityAdi ko saMbhAlakara jaise hI vAhara AyA, vaise hI bhaNDAra ke sarpa (satyaghoSa) ne rAjA ke prANa hara lie / rAjA mara kara prazanighoSa nAma kA hAthI humA; aura sarpa (satyaghoSa) nagara ke samIpastha vana meM camaramaga hunaa|| rAjA ko matyu ho jAne para zoka-vihalA rAnI ne, dAntamati paura hiraNyavatI nAmaka do prAyikAnoM ke kahane se prAdhikA dharma svIkAra kara liyaa| tadanantara siMhacandra rAjA aura pUrNacandra yuvarAja humaa| rAjya meM Ae huye pUrNavidhi muni ko dekhakara siMhacandra unake samIpa bAkara muni bana gyaa| ___ eka dina siMhacandramuni manohara vana phuNce| vahAM rAmadattA prAyikA bhI : pahu~cI; paura siMhacandra se usane nivedana kiyA ki, - 'he munirAja ! bhApakA choTA bhAI aura merA putra-jo isa samaya bhogavilAsa meM lipta hai-kabhI dharmAcaraNa karegA yA nahIM ? ... mAtA kI bAta sunakara hicandra ne kahA ki-'jaba usako apane pUrvajanma

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Y5 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kA vRttAnta jJAta hogA, taba vaha dharmapAlana ke liye prayatnazIla hogaa| praba pApa mujhase usake pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta suneM aura jaba usake pAsa jAeM to use sunAe / siMhacandra ne kahA-bharatakSetra ke kauzala deza ke madhya meM vRddha nAma kA eka gAMva hai / usameM magAyaNa brAhmaNa aura usakI patnI madhurA nivAsa karate the / usako putrI kA nAma thA-vAruNo / vaha magAyaNa marakara prayodhyA kI rAjamahiSI sumitrA ko hiraNvatI nAma kI putrI ke rUpa meM utpanna humaa| yuvatI ho jAne para usakA vivAha podanapura ke rAjA pUrNacandra ke sAtha huaa| mRgAyaNa brAhmaNa ko strI madhurA ne pUrNacandra kI putrI rUpa meM janma liyaa| maiM hI pUrvajanma meM bhadramitra thaa| pUrvajanma meM jo prApakI vAruNI nAma kI lar3akI thI, usI ne mApake yahAM pUrNacandra ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| Apake pitA pUrNacandra bhadrabAhu nAmaka zrIguru ke samIpa meM muni bane; aura maiM unhIM pUrNacandra ke samIpa meM muni humaa| dAntamati prAyikA ke pAsa, prApakI mAtA bhI prAyikA bana gii| Apake svAmI rAjA siMhasena marakara azanighoSa hAthI huye / eka dina vaha prazanighoSa mujhe mArane pAyA to maiMne use samajhAkara prAtmoddhAraka vrata karane ko khaa| eka bAra vrata kI pAraNA ke lie vaha nadI meM gayA, to vahAM kIcar3a meM phaMsa gayA, vahA~ se vaha nahIM nikala skaa| dharmabhAvanA se prerita hokara usane samAdhi le lii| satyadhoSa kA jIva sarpa hokara phira camaramaga huprA thaa| marakara vaha punaH sarpa humaa| usI sarpa ne aza nighoSa ke mastaka para kATa liyaa| prazanidhoSa marakara sahasrAra svarga ke raviprabha vimAna meM zrIdhara nAmaka deva hmaa| pammila mantrI ke jIva, bandara ne usa sarpa ko mAra diyaa| prazanighoSa hAthI ke mastaka se motI aura dAMta nikAlakara, byAdha ne dhanamitra seTha ko beca die / seTha ne unheM vartamAna rAjA pUrNacandra ko de diyaa|" paMcama sarga siMhacandra ke pUrvavRttAnta sunAne para rApradattA, pUrNacandra ke pAsa mAyo aura usase bolI ki,-- 'tU bhogoM meM lipta hokara manuSya janma kA durupayoga kara rahA hai| bhogalipsA ke pariNAmasvarUpa puruSa yA to naraka meM jAtA hai yA phira pazuyoni meM pahuMca jAtA hai / manuSya ko bhogamaya jIvana bitAne kI apekSA tyAgamaya jIvana vitAnA jyAdA acchA hogaa| sAtha hI rAmadattA ne pUrNacandra dvArA sunAyA gayA vRttAnta bhI sunA diyaa| rAmadattA kA upadeza sunakara pUrNacandra bhagavAn mahanta kA pUjana karatA humA

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra gRhastha dharma kA pAlana karane lgaa| aparAdhiyoM ko daNDa dene aura niraparASoM ko pramaya dene ke viSaya meM vaha sAvadhAna rahane lgaa| rAmadattA prAyikA ne anta meM yogasamAdhi dvArA apane zarIra ko tyaagaa| phalasvarUpa svarga pahuMcakara solaha sAgara kI prAyu vAle bhAskara deva ke rUpa meM svagika sukha bhogane lgii| rAjA pUrNacandra bhI prAyu ke anta meM mahAzukra nAmaka dasaveM svarga meM jAkara vaiDa nAmaka vimAna kA pradhipati solaha sAgara kI Ayu vAlA huaaa| munirA na siMhabandra ne kaThina tapasyA kii| ataeva vaha mantima greveyaka nAmaka svarga meM pa cakara ikatosa sAgara kI prAyu vAlA ahamindra humaa| . vijayAI zela ke dakSiNa meM sthita dharaNotilaka nagara kA rAjA prAdityavega thaa| usa rAjA kI rAnI kA nAma thA mulbhrnnaa| rAmadattA ke jIva bhAskaradeva ne ina donoM kI putrI yazodharA ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| __usI samaya alakApurI meM darzaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| darzaka ke sAtha zrodharA kA vivAha humaa| rAjA pUrNacandra kA jIva vaiDUrya vimAna kA pradhipati hamA / zrIdharA aura darzaka ko yazodharA nAma kI putrI huii| bhAskara ke rAjA sUryAvarta ke sAtha yazodharA kA vivAha humaa| siMhamena gajA kA jIva zrIdharadeva ina donoM kA putra razmivega hugraa|| sUryAvarta ne rAjya razmivega ko sauMpa diyA aura svayaM muni ho gyaa| yazodharA ne mAryikA honA svIkAra kiyaa| putrI ko prAyikA banatI huI dekhakara zrISarA bhI prAyikA ho gaI / eka dina razmivega siddhakUTa jina-mandira meM pUjana karane ke lie gyaa| vahAM vaha munirAja harizcandra ke darzana karake atyanta prasanna huaa| muni ko praNAma karake usane unase dharmopadeza sunA / muni ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara vaha yogI bana gyaa| tapazcaraNa karane se usakA sampUrNa kalmaSa dhula gyaa| anta meM vaha yogasAdhanA karake kaMcanagiri phuNcaa| eka dina usakI vandanA detu zrIparA pora yazodharA bhI vahA~ paaii| isa samaya taka satyaghoSa ke jIva ne ajagara kI yoni meM janma le liyA thaa| usane kaMcanagiri meM razmivega, zrIdharA pora yazodharA.ko khA liyaa| ye tInoM to caudaha sAgara ko prAyu prApta karake kApiSTha svarga ke deva hye| ajagara marakara paMkaprabha naraka meM pahuMcakara du:saha kaSTa bhogane lgaa| SaSTha sarga bharatakSetra meM cakrapura nAma kA nagara hai| kisI samaya usa nagara meM atyanta pratApI rAjA aparAjita rAjya karatA thaa| usa rAmA kI rAnI indrANI ke samAna sondaryavatI, sundarI nAma kI thii|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana sicandra kA jIva ina donoM kA putra cakrAyudha huprA / jaba vaha yuvaka huprA to usakA saMyoga citramAlApradhAna pAMca hajAra bAlAooM se huyA / razmivega ne .citramAlA ke vajrAyudha nAmaka putra ke rUpa meM janma liyA / 50 usa samaya prativega nAmaka rAjA vidyAdharoM kA svAmI aura pRthvItilaka kA zAsaka thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma thA priyakAriNI / zrIdharA ke jIva ne ina donoM kI putrI ratnamAlA ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| jaba vaha bAlikA yuvatI huI to usake pitA ne usakA vivAha vajrAyudha rAjakumAra ke sAtha kara diyA / yazodharA ke jIva ne ratnamAlA aura vajrAyudha ke putra ratnAyudha ke rUpa meM janma liyA / isa prakAra cakrAyudha kA samaya bIta hI rahA thA ki usake udyAna meM pihitAzrava nAmaka muni kA grAgamana huaa| rAjA aparAjita ne jaba unakA darzana kiyA aura apane pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta sunA to usake mana meM vairAgya zrA gayA / zrataH satra kucha tyAga kara vaha digambara bana gayA / parAjita ke pazcAt cakrAyudha ne rAjasiMhAsana prApta kiyA / vaha narAdhipazreSTha, prajAvatsala, satyavAdI, nyAyapriya, catura, pratulita parAkramI maura dhArmika thA / saptama sarga eka dina darpaNa meM mukha dekhate samaya rAjA cakrAyudha ne eka sapheda bAla apane mastaka para dekha liyaa| taba vRddhAvasthA kA Agamana jAnakara vaha vicAra karane lagA ki zarIra kA saundarya prasthira hai| manuSya jAnatA hai ki kAla ke prahAra se koI prANI nahIM baca sakatA, phira bhI vaha bhoga-vilAsoM meM DUbA rahatA hai| zarIra aura AtmA alaga-alaga haiN| manuSya unheM eka samajhane kI bhUla karatA zarIra ke sukha kI apekSA, grAtmA kA sukha adhika mahatvapUrNa hai / kyoki zarIra nazvara hai, AtmA avinAzI hai / prataeva aba samaya ko naSTa na karake bhagavAn 'arhanta' meM mana ko lagAnA cAhie / 1 'inhIM pUrNa bAtoM ko socate huye usane apane putra vajrAyudha ko sampUrNa rAjya kA bhAra sauMpa diyA aura muni banane ke lie vana ko prasthAna kiyA / vana meM jAkara vaha apane pitA munirAja aparAjita kI zaraNa meM phuNcaa| unheM pAkara vaha harSita huaa| unako praNAma karake usane unase dharmopadeza ke lie icchA vyakta kii| sAtha hI saMsAra se zrAvAgamana ke kAraNa ko jAnane aura usase mukti pAne ke upAya ke prati jijJAsA prakaTa kI / aSTama sagaM aparAjita munirAja ne rAjA cakrAyudha ko jainadharmAnusAra dharmAcaraNa kA upadeza diyA / aparAjita muni ke upadeza se prabhAvita cakrAyudha ne sarvasva tyAgakara muniveza dhAraNa kara liyA /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra navama sarga muni ho jAne para cakrAyudha ne bAhya vastumoM kA parityAga kara diyaa| mayUrapicchI aura kamaNDalu ko bhI udAsIna bhAva se rkhaa| satya, kSamA, ahiMsA aura brahmacarya kA pAlana kiyA / prAtmadhyAna meM apane ko ramAyA / nAzavAn zarIra kI cintA chor3akara nityaprati upavAsa kiye / rAgadveSa se mana vimukta kara diyaa| anta meM, usako kaivalya jJAna prApta ho gyaa| apane sAmIpya se apane pAsa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ko pApa se sarvathA rahita kara diyaa| (Ga) dayodaya campU kA saMkSipta kathAsAra prathama lamba prAryAvarta ke mAlava nAmaka deza meM ujjayinI nAmaka nagarI hai| eka samaya usa nagarI meM vaSabhadatta nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma vRSabhadattA thaa| vRSabhadatta ke hI zAsana kAla meM guNapAla nAma kA ati vaibhavazAlI rAjaseTha thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma guNazrI thaa| unakI viSA nAma kI eka putrI yo| ___eka bAra guNapAla ne bhojana karane ke pazcAt jUThe bartanoM ko dvAra para DAla diyA / umo samaya eka sundara bAlaka una pAtroM meM par3I huI jUThana khAkara prapanI bhUkha miTAne lgaa| aise samaya meM eka muni apane ziSya ke sAtha vahAM se nikale / muni ne apane ziSya ke samakSa 'yaha bAlaka guNapAla kA jAmAtA hogA-' aisI mAzcaryajanaka bhaviSyaghoSaNA kara dii| muni ne yaha bhI batAyA ki 'yaha isI nagara ke sArthavAha zrIdatta kI patnI zrImatI ke garbha se janmA hai; kintu pUrvajanma meM kiye gaye pApoM ke phalasvarUpa yaha isa samaya apane mAtA-pitA ke sneha se vaMcita hai|' ziSya ke jijJAsa hone para muni ne usa vAlaka kA pUrvavRttAnta sunAyA : pravantI pradeza meM ziprA nAmaka nadI ke taTa para zizapA nAmaka choTI sI vastI hai| usameM magasena nAmaka eka dhIvara rahatA thaa| usake mAtA-pitA kA nAma bhavazrI paura bhavadeva thA tathA usakI patnI kA nAma ghaNTA thaa| eka dina vaha machaliyAM pakar3ane jA rahA thA / mArga meM usane pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM janasamUha se ghire hue eka ahiMsakopadezaka digambara sAdhu ko dekhaa| usa sAdhu ke ahiMsAparaka vyAkhyAna se prabhAvita hokara usane muni ke caraNoM ko pakar3akara apane pApamaya jIvana se uddhAra hetu upAya puuchaa| muni ne use samajhAyA ki tuma yaha niyama banA lo ki machaliyAM pakar3ate samaya, jo machalI sabase pahane jAla meM phaMse, use chor3a denA hai / dhIvara ne isa bAta ko saharSa svIkAra kara liyaa|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya --- eka adhyayana dvitIya lamba muni ke upadeza ko mana meM dhAraNa karate hue mRgasena ghIvara ziprA nadI ke taTa para pahu~cA aura usane nadI ke jala meM apanA jAla bichA diyaa| pahalI bAra usake jAla meM eka rohita machalI phaMsI; use usane cihnita karake nadI meM chor3a diyaa| lekina jaba-jaba vaha jAla phailAtA, taba-taba vahI machalI usake jAla meM phaMsa jAtI aura apanI pratijJAnusAra vaha uga machalI ko pAnI meM chor3atA jaataa| jaba bAra-bAra prayatna karane para bhI vahI machalI phaMgo to vaha kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho. gayA / eka pora ahiMsAvrata kA pAlana karanA yA; grora durga mora strI-putrAdikoM ke bharaNa-poSaraNa kA prazna thA / anta meM vaha nirAza hokara khAlI hAya ho kara banna par3A / pati ko dekhakara ghaNTA ne vilamva kA aura svAlI hAya mAchA : patnI ke pUchane para ghIvara ne marga banAna mora mAyu pRrupa ke samAna AcaraNa karane ke apane dRr3ha nizcaya meM bhI sevana kara diyA / ghaNTA dhIvarI ne kahA ki gahastha hokara mAtru ke mamAna prAcI kA prAvazyakatA hai ? magasena ke bahuta samajhAne para bhI ghaNTA ke Upara kA prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| krodhAviSTa hokara usane apane pati ko ghara se bAhara nikAla diyaa| apamAnita mRgasena eka nirjana dharmazAlA meM gayA aura vahA~ para vizrAma karane ke lie leTa gyaa| isI samaya eka bhayaMkara mAM na prAkara use Dasa liyA, jisase tatkAla hI usakI mRtyu ho gii| vaha magasena dhIvara hI isa bAlaka ke rUpa meM sArthavAha ke ghara janmA hai| pati magasena ko ghara se nikAlakara ghaNTA apano nirdayatA para pazcAttApa karane lgii| vyAkula hokara vaha use DhUMDhatI huI usI dharmazAlA meM pahuMcI / vahA~ apane pati ko marA humA jAnakara vaha sira pITa-poTa kara rone lgii| zokAvega kama ho jAne para usane ahiMsAvrata kA pAlana karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| isI samaya usI sarpa ne jisane magasena ko kATA yA. ghaNTA ko bhI kATa liyaa| vahI ghaNTA dhIvarI yahA~ guNapAla kI lar3akI viSA huI hai| pUrvajanma ke saMyoga ke kAraNa inakA punaH saMyoga bhI hogaa| tRtIya lamba seTha guNapAla una donoM (guru-ziSya) kI vArtA sunakara pAzcaryacakita ho gyaa| taba usane somadatta nAmaka usa bAlaka ko mArane kA nizcaya kiyaa| usane socA ki yadyapi munijanoM kI kahI gaI bAta satya hI hotI hai, tathApi isa sambandha meM prayatna to karanA hI ghie| seTha ne somadatta nAmaka usa bAlaka ko mArane ke lie eka cANDAla ko niyukta kiyaa| cANDAla ne seTha se pArizramika lekara use mArane kA vacana to

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra de diyA; lekina usa niraparAdha bAlaka ko mArane kI usakI jarA bhI icchA na huii| usane somadatta ko aMdherA ho jAne para, gA~va ke bAhara nadI ke taTa para eka vRkSa ke nIce DAla diyA aura svayaM ghara grA gayA / dUsare dina sUryodaya ke samaya apanI gAyeM carAne hetu govinda nAma kA gvAlA usI rAste se niklaa| pradhAnaka hI vRkSa ke nIce par3e hue bAlaka ko dekhakara use atyanta harSa huA / usane bAlaka ko uThAyA aura le jAkara apanI patnI dhanazrI ko de diyA / niHsantAna dampatI usa bAlaka kA pAlana bar3e sneha se karane lage / bAlaka somadatta bhI ghanazrI pora govinda ko hI apanA mAtA-pitA samajhakara tadanukUla zrAcararaNa karane lagA | isa prakAra govinda dhanazrI aura unake pAlita putra somadatta kA samaya sukha se vyatIta hone lagA / 53 caturtha lamba vAne ke yahA~ palatA huA somadatta kramazaH yuvA ho gyaa| eka dina guNapAla seTha kisI rAjakAryavana govinda kI bastI meM grAyA / somadatta ko jIvita dekhakara gurapAla ke prAzcarya kI sImA na rhii| dhIre-dhIre usane yaha jAna liyA ki govinda ko putra prApti kaise huii| apanA ( somadatta ko mArane kA ) kAma banAne ke lie eka dina gugapAla ne govinda ke samakSa somadatta ko pratyadhika prazaMsA kara dI / govinda ne bhI somadatta ko pradeza diyA ki rAjaseTha kA jo bhI kArya ho, use somadatta ko prapane vaza meM caturAI se vaha avazya hI pUrA kare / aba gurapAla ne kara liyA / ekAnta bhejanA hai| eka dina avasara pAkara guragapAla ne somadatta se kahA ki Aja mujhe eka Avazyaka samAcAra apane ghara kyA karanA cAhie ? guNapAla kI bAta sunakara somadatta ne kahA ki samAcAra mujhe dIjiye; maiM Apake ghara pahuMcA dUMgA / guNapAla se samAcAra ke patra ko lekara taiyAra hokara somadatta zIghratA se cala par3A / thaka jAne para nagara ke samIpa eka upavana ke vRkSa ke nIce pahu~ca kara so gayA / meM usake so jAne para vasantasenA nAma kI eka vezyA vahA~ AI / somadatta ke saundarya se prabhAvita hokara aura usakA paricaya pAne ke lie utsuka hokara vasantasenA ne usake gale meM baMdhe patra ko kholakara par3hA / patra meM seTha guNapAla kI ora se apanI patnI aura putra ke lie pradeza thA ki somadatta ko viSa de diyA jAya (arthAt jahara khilAkara mAra DAlA jAya / ) vasantasenA ne vicAra kiyA ki seTha guraNapAla jaisA sajjana aisA prakArya kArya nahIM kara sakatA / avazya hI patra likhane meM bhUla huI hai| usane nizcaya hI isa sundara yuvaka se apanI kanyA viSA ke vivAha kA hI prAdeza diyA hogA prataeva usane 'viSaM sandAtavyam' ke sthAna para 'viSA sandAtavyA' rakhakara apane gantabya ko prasthAna kiyA / likhakara patra ko pUrvavat

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana vizrAma karane ke pazcAt somadatta uThA aura nagara meM seTha guNapAla ke ghara jA phuNcaa| seTha kI putrI viSA usa (yuvaka somadatta) ko dekhakara atyanta praphullita huii| ghara ke andara pahuMcakara somadatta ne vaha patra mahAbala ko diyA / mahAbala aura usakI mAtA patra par3hakara vicArane lage ki guNapAla ko anupasthiti meM viSA kA vivAha isa yuvaka se kaise kiyA bAya ? taba usane somadatta se pUchA ki 'patra dene ke matirikta pitA ne aura kucha bhI kahA hai ?' somadatta ne uttara diyA ki isa patra meM likhe hue Avazyaka kArya ko zIghra sampanna karane ke lie unhoMne mujhe bhejA hai| seTha jI ko vahAM aneka Avazyaka kArya karane the, isalie ve yahA~ mAne meM asamartha haiN| - somadatta kI bAta sunakara mahAbala aura usakI mAtA ne parAmarza karake zubha muhUrta meM viSA aura somadatta kA vivAha kara diyA / nAgarikoM ne somadatta aura viSA ke isa vivAha kA abhinandana kiyaa| paMcama lamba viSA paura somadatta ke vivAha-samAcAra ko sunakara guNapAla vicAra karane lagA ki maiMne jo-jo upAya somadatta ko mArane ke lie kiye, ve sabhI usake jIvana ke upAya ho gaye / kintu aba to vaha apane hI ghara meM hai; ataH prAsAnI se mArA jA sakatA hai| guNapAla yaha vicAra kara ho rahA thA ki govinda usake pAsa prAkara somadatta ke viSaya meM pUchane lagA / guNapAla ne kRtrima-harSa ke sAtha uThakara govinda ko batAyA ki aba to vaha merA jAmAtA ho gayA hai, prataeva kucha dinoM vaha vahIM para rhegaa| govinda ne bhI isa viSaya para apanI svIkArokti prakaTa kara dii| somadatta ko mArane ke lie nirantara prayatnazIla guNapAla dUsare dina subaha apane ghara ko lauTa gyaa| usake ghara pahuMcate hI mahAbala bhora guNazrI ne vahA~ kI sthiti kA usako jJAna kraayaa| guNapAla ne mahAbala se patra mAMgakara punaH pddh'aa| usane samajhA ki dubArA jAMce binA hI maiMne yaha patra somadatta ko de diyA; phalasvarUpa yaha aniSTa ho gyaa| guNapAla ne antaH karaNa meM uTha rahe antardvandva ko dabAkara putra prora strI se kahA ki "maiM to yaha jAnanA cAhatA thA ki viSA ke lie yaha vara tuma logoM ko ThIka lagA yA nahIM ? prastu, jaisA tumane kiyA, ThIka kiyaa|" ___guNapAla yaha bAta acchI taraha jAnatA thA ki praya somadatta ke mara jAne se usakI putrI vidhavA ho jaaygii| kintu apane durAgrahavaza usane somadatta ko mArane Sr3ha nizcaya tyAgA nhiiN|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke saMkSipta kathAsAra 55 dUsare dina nAgapaMcamI ke avasara para somadatta ko bulAkara mandira meM usake hAthoM pUjana sAmagrI bhejane ke lie kahA / somadatta pUjana sAmagrI le jAne ke lie taiyAra ho gayA / somadatta ko taiyAra karake guNapAla mandira ke samIpa rahane vAle cANDAla ke samIpa gyaa| cANDAla ko dhana dekara somadatta kA vadha karane ke lie taiyAra kara liyaa| usane cANDAla ko samajhAyA ki jo bhI puruSa pUjana sAmagrI lekara idhara se jAya, use mAra DAlanA | somadatta jaba pUjana sAmagrI lekara jAne lagA to rAste meM usakI bheMTa geMda khelate huye mahAbala se ho gaI / mahAbala ne apane sthAna para geMda khelane ke lie balapUrvaka use niyukta kara diyA aura svayaM usake hAtha se pUjA kI thAlI lekara mandira kI prora cala pdd'aa| rAste meM hI cANDAla ne talavAra se mahAbala kA vadha kara diyA / zIghra hI eka navayuvaka ke mAre jAne kA samAcAra sAre nagara meM phaila gayA / humA, kintu ghara meM mAkara samAcAra sunakara duHkhI ho guNapAla isa samAcAra ko sunakara pahale to bahuta prasanna somadatta ko jIvita dekhakara aura mahAbala kI mRtyu kA gayA / guNazrI aura viSA ko bhI bahuta duHkha huA / SaSTha lamba somadatta ke sthAna para mahAbala ke mAre jAne para guNapAla khinna rahane lagA | usako cintita dekhakara putrazoka se duHkhI mana vAlI guNazrI ne apane pati ke pAsa jAkara usake duHkha kA kAraNa puuchaa| pahale to guNapAla ne apanI cintA kA kAraNa batAnA svIkAra nahIM kiyA; kintu guNazrI ke bahuta prAgraha karane para usane batalAyA ki vaha somadatta ko mArane ke lie prayatnazIla thA; kintu usake sthAna para usakA hI putra mArA gayA / guNazrI ke prAzcaryacakita hone para guNavAla ne sArA vRttAnta sunAyA / somadatta ko mArane ke dRr3ha nizcaya se bhI use avagata kraayaa| pahale to guNazrI apane pati ke isa nirmama nirNaya kA virodha karatI rahI, para bAda meM vaha bhI guNapAla kI bAta meM A gaI aura usane somadatta ko mArane kA dAyitva svayaM hI le liyA / eka dina usane sabake khAne ke lie to khicar3I taiyAra kI aura somadatta ko mArane ke lie viSa se yukta cAra laDDU banA diye / itane meM hI use zauca jAne kI AvazyakatA huI, to guNazrI ne viSA ko pAkazAlA ke kArya meM lagA diyA aura svayaM jaMgala ko calI gaI / itane meM hI gurapAla rasoI kI tarapha prAyA bhora viSA se bolA ki mujhe rAjakArya se zIghra jAnA hai, bhUkha bhI lagI hai, prataeva yadi khAnA nahIM banA hai to

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56 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kAvya - eka adhyayana jo kucha pahale taiyAra hai vahIM khilA de / viSA ne kahA - 'jaba taka bhojana taiyAra nahIM hotA hai, taba taka Apa ye laDDU khA lIjie / ' aisA kaha kara usane apane pitA ko unhIM laDDUnoM meM se uThAkara do laDDU de diye / gugapAla ne jaise hI una laDDUnoM ko khAyA, vaise hI vaha aceta hokara gira pdd'aa| viSA kA cIkhanA cillAnA sunakara jaba taka pAsa-par3osa vAle Aye taba taka guNapAla ke prANa-pakheru ur3a cuke the / guNazrI ne grAkara jaba yaha duHkhada samAcAra sunA to vaha duHkhI mana se apane ' pati ke duSkRtyoM ke lie pazcAttApa karane lgii| usake tathA vasantasenA vezyA ke vacanoM se samasta nAgarikoM ko vAstavikatA kA jJAna ho gayA / guNazrI ne do bace huye laDDU khAkara apane pati ke mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA / saptama lamba guNapAla ko rAjasabhA meM upasthita na pAkara rAjA vRSabhadatta ne usake viSaya meM mantrI se pUchA / mantrI ne batAyA ki vipayukta anna khAne se guNapAla zrI guNazrI kI mRtyu ho gaI hai / jisa vipAnna ko khilAkara guNapAla somadatta ko mAranA cAhatA thA, dhokhe se use svayaM khAkara guNapAla kI mRtyu ho gaI / rAjA ne somadatta kA vRttAnta jAnakara use bulAyA / prAgrahasahita prAsana para biThAkara usakA kuzala samAcAra pUchA / somadatta ne apane sAsa prora zvasura kI mRtyu para hArdika duHkha prakaTa kiyA / rAjA ne somadatta ke isa duHkha ke prati sahAnubhUti prakaTa karake apanI putrI ke sAtha vivAha karane kA prAgraha kiyA / somadatta ne Agraha ko svIkAra kiyA / somadatta aura rAjakumArI kA vivAha hone ke samaya meM hI viSA vahA~ bhAI zrIra usane mahArAja ke caraNoM meM praNAma kiyaa| rAjA ne apanI putrI use aura somadatta ko sauMpa dI aura somadatta ko apanA prAdhA rAjya de diyA / * eka dina somadatta ke ghara eka muni prAye / somadatta, viSA aura rAjakumArI ne unakA yathocita satkAra kiyaa| munirAja ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak caritra rUpa ratnatraya ko apanAne kA upadeza diyA, jisase prabhAvita hokara somadatta gambarI dIkSA le lI / viSA aura vasantasenA vezyA ne bhI prAyavrata dhAraNa kara liyA / somadatta ne tapasyA karake sarvArthasiddhi ko prApta kiyA / viSA dhIra vasantasenA ne bhI apane-apane tapa ke anusAra svarga kI prApti kI / munimanoraMjanazataka kA saMkSipta kathAsAra cUMki yaha muktaka kAvya hai mataH isameM kathAtmakatA kA abhAva svAbhAvika hI hai| isakI viSayavastu to pramukha rUpa se muniyoM ke kartavyoM kA nirUpaNa karanA mAtra hai / isa pustikA ke sambandha meM yahA~ yaha likha denA Avazyaka hai ki yaha bhAja sarvathA anupalabdha hai / isa kRti ke saMparijJAna hetu maiMne jina-jina mahAnubhAvoM se patra

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pranyoka saMkSipta kathAsAra 57 vyavahAra kiyA thA, unake patroM ke sambaddha aMza jo TippaNI meM prastuta kiye gaye haiM,' isakI anupalabdhi meM prabala pramANa haiN| 29-5-76 mApakA di0 2115 kA patra milA x x x munimanoraMjanazataka aba aprApya hai, kahIM se pAne kA prayatna karUMgA mora upalabdha hone para bhijavA dUMgA prApakA ratana lAla kaTAriyA muni zrIjJAnasAgarajainagranthamAlA byAvara (rAjasthAna) ai0 pannAlAla di0 jaina sarasvatI bhavana seTha jI kI naziyAM, byAbara (rAjasthAna) 61776 prApakA patra deza se lauTane para milaa| x x x yadi 'munimanoraMjana' bhI kahIM se upalabdha ho gayA, to use bhI bhijavA duuNgaa| prApakA hIrAlAla zAstrI (ga) ci0 ku. kiraNa TaNDana jI seTha jI0 kI naziyA~ shubhaashiirvaad| nyAvara, tA. 12-7.76 prApakA patra milaa| x x x munimanoraMjanazataka anya maiMne to svayaM dekhA hI nhiiN| munizrI kA bahuta samaya hisAra meM bItA thA, yaha grantha bhI vahIM prakAzita humA thaa| sAtha hI aura bhI bahuta sI pustakeM hisAra meM hI prakAzita huI thI aura ve vitIrNa bhI ho cukI haiN| agara koI prati vidyamAna ho to vahIM se prApta ho skegii|xxx| * prApakA prakAza candra 131876 subhI kumArI kiraNa, ai0 pannAlAla di0 jaina sarasvatIbhavana seTha jI zubhAziSaH kI naziyA, byAvara (rAjasthAna) prApa nimna pate para apane zodhaprabandha kI bAta likhakara munizrIjJAnasAgara jI ke jIvanacarita kI vistRta jAnakArI ke lie likheMmuni zrI ke paTTa para avasthita ziSya haiM /

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55 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana munimanoraMjana ke lie bhI unheM hI likheM-yaha pustaka bhAjapaprApya ho rahI hai / phira bhI kahIM na kahIM se bhijavAne kA prayatna kareMge / xx mApakA zrI 108 prAcArya hIrAlAla zAstrI vidyAsAgara jI kA saMghastha zrI kSullaka svarUpAnanda bI munizrI kuNDalapura kSetra po0 paTerA, ji. damoha (ma0pra0) 676, saradArapurA, sI sar3aka jodhapura-342001 16-6-76 priya kiraNa jI, mApakA 2-8-76 kA patra milA x x x 'munimanoraMjanazataka' mere pAsa nahIM hai, maiMne eka do jagaha likhA hai, yadi vahA~ se prApta ho sakI to pApako avazya bhijvaauuNgaa| x x x pApakA ullekha karate hue maiM bhAja eka patra prAcArya zrI ke paTTaziSya paM0 pUjya AcArya zrI 108 vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ko bhI bheja rahA hU~, ve mAjakala kuNDalapura (ma0 pra0) meM cAturmAsa kara rahe haiN| x x xI zubhapI . cetana prasAda pATanI ukta vidvAnoM se patra vyavahAra karane para niSkarSa nikalA ki munimanoraMjanazataka saMbhavata: mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke ziSya muni zrI vidyAsAgara jI ke pAsa ho| ataH maiMne unase bhI patra-vyavahAra kiyaa| kintu unake ziSya (saciva) zrI jagamohanalAlazAstrI ne isa pustikA kI anupalabdhi ke hI viSaya meM sUcita kiyA, unake dvArA preSita patra se uddhata sambaDa paMza isa prakAra hai :(ca) zrImatI bahina kiraNa jI jaina zikSA sasthA jayajineza mu0 kaTanI (jabalapura) ma0pra0 2676 ___x x x ApakA kaTanI bhejA gayA patra 3676 ko dekhaa| xxx manoraMjanazataka upalabdha na ho skaa| use zodhakArya se haTA pApakA jaganmohanalAla jaina zAstrI

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tRtIya adhyAya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta granthoM ke sota (ka) kAvya-srota : eka sAmAnya cintana prAja prAyaH dekhane meM prAtA hai ki koI bhI sAmAjika jaba kisI kAvya ko par3hatA hai, taba usakA uddezya kAvya meM prayukta chanda, pralaMkAra, guNa, rIti Adi kA jJAna prApta karanA nahIM hotA, apitu vaha apanI parizramajanyaglAni yA mAnasika ulajhanoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie athavA khAlI samaya.ko bitAne ke lie kAvya par3hatA hai| pratyeka kAvya kA eka vayaM-viSaya hotA hai, eka kathAnaka hotA hai jo mAjake sAmAjika kA uddezya pUrA kara sakatA hai| praba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kavi apane kAvya meM kathAnaka ke rUpa meM paurANika bhAkhyAnoM ko letA hai yA managaDhanta kissoM ko, athavA samAja ko vartamAna vyavasthA se prabhAvita hokara kucha maulika kathAnakoM kI sarjanA karatA hai| jo kavi achute prasaMgoM ko kathAnaka ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM, unakI racanA nitAnta maulika hogI, isameM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu yadi kavi purAne kathAnakoM ko bhI nayA rUpa de sake, unheM bAsIpana kI durgandha se dUra haTA sake, to aise kathAnakoM kI bhI maulikatA hameM asvIkAra nahIM karanI caahie| phira vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki maulikatA kevala navIna vastu kI racanA meM hI nahIM hai, varan purAnI vastu ko navInatA pradAna karane meM bhI hai| prAdikavi vAlmIki kI 'rAmAyaNa' para bhASArita bhavabhUti kA 'uttararAmacarita' nATaka isa tathya kA zreSTha udAharaNa hai| spaSTa hai ki kavi ke kAvya ke kathAnaka kA eka srota hotA hai| cAhe vaha koI rUDha mAkhyAna ho, cAhe samAja meM nityaprati ghaTita hone vAlI samasyAmoM se yukta ghaTanAcakra ho; basa, kavi isI pAkhyAna yA ghaTanAcakra ko kathAnaka ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara letA hai| mora phira use alaMkAra, guNa, rIti, bhASA ityAdi se sajAsaMbAra kara pAThaka ke manoraJjana hetu prastuta kara detA hai| (kha) kavivara jJAnasAgara aura unake kAvya srota jaba hama zrIjJAnasAgara kI racanAmoM ko par3hane ke bAda sAhityasamudra meM unake kathAnaka ke srota rUpI ratnoM ko DhUMr3hate haiM, taba hameM ina ratnoM ke rUpa meM milate haiM1. mAnandavardhana, dhvanyAloka, 14146 .

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana mahApurANa, bRhatkathAkoza, pArApanAkathAkoza, puNyAsravakathAkoza ityAdi jaina-grantha / inhIM kI prasiddha kathAnoM ko hamAre mAlocya mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM ke kathAnaka kA mUla prAdhAra banAyA hai aura apanI navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA ke prayoga ke bala se unameM yatra-tatra unhoMne parivartana evaM parivardhana bhI kiye haiM, jina sabakA vivaraNa isa adhyAya meM apekSita vistAra ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai / (ga) jayodaya mahAkAvya kathAnaka kA srota jayodaya mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota zrIjinasenAcArya zrIguNa bhadrAcAryaviracita mahApurANa (mAdipurANa-bhAga 2) meM milatA hai| unhoMne isameM jayakumAra kI kathA tricatvAriMzattama parva se-saptacatvAriMzattama parva taka bar3e vistAra se likhI hai jisakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : kurujAMgala deza meM hastinApura nAmaka eka nagara hai| usa nagara meM sadguNasampanna somaprabha nAmaka eka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma lakSmIvatI tathA bhAI kA nAma zreyAMsa thaa| usake jaya, vijaya prAdi pandraha putra the| rAjA somaprabha aura usake bhAI zreyAMsa ke vairAgya dhAraNa karane para hastinApura kA rAjya jayakumAra ko milaa| ekadina jayakumAra krIr3A ke lie eka udyAna meM gayA / vahA~ usane zIlagupta nAmaka mahAmuni ko praNAma karake unase dharma ke viSaya meM jJAna prApta kiyaa| rAjA jayakumAra ke sAtha sAtha eka sarpadampati ne bhI isa dharmopadeza ko sunaa| varSA Rtu ke prArambha meM sarpa kI mRtyu ho jAne para, eka dina rAjA usI vana meM gayA aura vahAM uparyukta sarpa kI sapiNI ko kisI anya sarpa ke sAtha dekhA / krodhAbhibhUta hokara jayakumAra ne krIr3A ke nIlakamala se una donoM ko piittaa| jayakumAra ke sainikoM ne bhI una donoM para lakar3I aura patthara kA prahAra kiyaa| phalasvarUpa sarpa to marakara gaMgAnadI meM kAlI nAma kA jaladevatA humA aura sarpiNI apane hI pati, jo ki aba nAgakumAra ho cukA thA, kI patnI banI / usa sapiNI ne nAgakumAra ko jayakumAra ke viruddha bhar3akAyA, taba apanI strI ke vacanoM para vizvAsa karake jayakumAra ko kATane kI icchA se nAgakumAra usake ghara maayaa| usa samaya jayakumAra apanI patnI zrImatI ko vana kA sArA vRttAnta sunA rahA thaa| apanI strI ke vAstavika vyavahAra ko jAnakara nAgakumAra kA krodha zAnta ho gyaa| usane bahumalya ratnoM se jayakamAra ko satkRta kiyA aura apane mana meM uThI suI durbhAvanA ko bhI kaha diyA, tathA AvazyakatA par3ane para mujhe smaraNa karanA, aisA kahakara apane gantavya ko calA gyaa| - bharatakSetra meM hI vArANasI nagarI meM rAjA prakampana rAjya karatA thaa| usakI strI kA nAma suprabhA thaa| rAjA prakampana ke hemIgar3ha, suketuzrI, sukAnta ityAdi eka hajAra putra aura sulocanA tathA akSamAlA nAma kI do putriyAM yoN|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pragyoM ke srota sarvaguNasampannA aura jainadharma meM prAsthA rakhane vAlI sulocanA phAlguna mAsa ko praSTAhnikA tithi ke dina jinendra bhagavAn kI aSTAhnikI pUjA karake apane pitA ko pUjA ke avaziSTa prakSata dene ke lie gaI / rAjA akampana ne usase ve prakSata lie pora pAraNA karane ke lie mAdeza diyaa| apanI putrI sulocanA ko pUrNa yuvatI dekhakara rAjA ko usake vivAha kI cintA huii| isa sambandha meM usane apane mantriyoM se parAmarza kiyA / sumati nAma ke maMtrI ne niSpakSatA kI dRSTi se svayaMvara vidhi ko apanAne kA parAmarza diyaa| samati kI bAta sabane svIkAra kara lii| mantriyoM ko vidA karake rAnA ne apane pArivArika janoM se parAmarza kiyaa| isake bAda apane dUtoM ko bhejakara usane aneka rAjAmoM ko prAmantrita kiyaa| isI bIca rAjA ke pUrvajanma kA bhAI vicitrAGgada nAma kA deva saudharma svarga se vahAM paayaa| rAjA kI prAjJA se usane svayaMvara samAroha ke sampAdana ke lie eka zreSTha rAjabhavana kA nirmANa kiyaa| rAjA ke dvArA bheje hue dUtoM ne jaba rAjAmoM ko sa locanA-svayaMvara kA samAcAra sa nAyA to bahuta se rAjA vArANasI pahuMca gaye / rAjA prakampana ne una sabhI rAjAmoM kA svAgata kiyaa| cakravartI bharata kA putra prakIrti mora senApati jayakumAra bhI vahA~ paJce / sabhI atithi rAjAmoM ke prA jAne para rAjA prakampana ne utsava kI taiyArI zurU kara do| sa prabhA kI prAjJA se saubhAgyazAlinI striyoM ne sa locanA ko snAna karAkara mAMgalika vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa karAye mora usase jinadeva kA pUjana krvaayaa| rAjA prakampana kA sandeza sunakara sabhI upasthita rAjA vastrabhUSaNoM se sa sajjita hokara apane-apane sthAnoM para baiTha ge| sa prabhA rAnI ke sAtha-sAtha rAjA apane pArivArika janoM sahita svayaMvara maNDapa meM phuNcaa| usI samaya mahendradata kaMcuko vicitrAMgada deva dvArA pradatta ratha para kanyA sa locanA ko biThAkara svayaMvara bhavana meM lAyA / hemAGgada apane choTe bhAiyoM ke sAtha ratha ke samIpa meM cala rahA thaa| tatpazcAt sarvatobhadra mahala para car3hakara sa locanA ne sabhI rAjAmoM ko dekhaa| punaH kaMcuko ke kahane se vaha nIce utara kara ratha para car3ha gii| kaMcukI ne vidyAdhara rAjAmoM kI mora usakA ratha calAnA zurU kara diyaa| usane sa locanA ko sanami mora vinami ityAdi rAjAnoM kA paricaya diyaa| isake pazcAt kaMcukI ne bhUmigocara rAjAmoM kI ghora ratha bar3hAyA pora sabhI kA paricaya diyaa| arkakIti rAjAmoM ko chor3akara sa locanA jayakumAra ke samIpa gaI / kaMcukI ne jayakumAra kA bhI vistRta paricaya diyaa| jayakumAra ke guNoM se prabhAvita hokara salocanA ne kaMcuko ke hAtha se sundara ratnahAra lekara jayakumAra ke gale meM pahinA diyaa| svayaMbara vidhi ke pazcAt rAjA prakampana apanI putrI paura jayakumAra ke sAtha nagara

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana meM pravita huA / anya rAjA salocanA ko na pAkara nirAza ho gae (taMtAlisA parva yahA~ samApta ho jAtA hai / ) / jayakumAra ke dhabhava ko sahane meM asamartha durmarSaNa nAmaka akaMkIti ke sevaka ne rAjAmoM ke sammukha rAjA akampana ke viruddha vacana khe| usane apane svAmI prakIrti ko bhI uttejita kiyaa| sevaka ke vacanoM ko sunakara bhakaMkIrti kruddha ho gyaa| usane jayakumAra ke viruddha yuddha kI ghoSaNA kara dii| aneka duSTa rAjA usake isa duSkarma meM sahAyaka ho ge| prakIti ko uttejita dekhakara usake mantrI pranavadyamati ne use samajhAyA ki prApake pitA samrATa nAthaveza meM utpanna rAjA prakampana ko apane pitA RSabhadeva ke samAna hI pUjya samajhate haiM; aura somavaMza meM utpanna jayakumAra prApake pitA ke proSTha senApati haiM / ataH isa niSpakSa svayaMvara-vidhi se prApta jayakumAra ke prabhyudaya se prApako IrSyA nahIM karanI caahie| maMtrI ke vacanoM kA prakIti para koI prabhAva nahIM par3A, isake viparIta jayakumAra kA sulocanA dvArA varaNa kA kAryakrama bhI pUrvanizcita thA, aisA kahate huye usane somavaMza aura nAthavaMza ke prati aura bhI apazabda kahe / phira apane senApati ko bulAkara yuddha kA DaMkA bajavA diyaa| apanI senAsahita markakoti vijayaghoSa hAtho para prArUr3ha hokara rAjA prakampana ke nagara kI mora claa| rAjA prakampana isa vRttAnta ko jAnakara bahuta vyAkula ho gye| mantriyoM aura jayakumAra se parAmarza karake arkakIrti ke pAsa eka zIghragAmI dUta bheja diyaa| dUta ne apane vacanoM kA arkakIrti para koI prabhAva par3atA humA na dekhakara rAjA bhakampana ke pAsa prAkara sampUrNa vRttAnta sa nA diyaa| dUta ke vacanoM ko sa nakara rAjA akampana mUcchita ho gye| ____ jayakumAra ne rAjA ko prAzvasta karate hue sulocanA kI rakSA karane kA nivedana kiyA aura arkakIti ko zakhalA se bAMdhakara lAne kA vacana diyaa| meghaghoSA nAma ko bherI bjvaayii| jayakumAra senA taiyAra karake apane choTe bhAiyoM ke sAtha, bijayArdha nAmaka hAthI para mArUr3ha hokara cle| rAjA prakampana bhI apanI putrI sa locanA ko dharya ba~dhAkara apane putroM aura senA ke sAtha nikle| kucha anya rAjA bhI rAjakumAra kI ora se yuddha karane ke lie taiyAra ho gye| jayakumAra ne yuddha ke lie makaravyUha kI aura akaMkIti ne cakravyUha kI racanA kii| donoM ne hAthI, ghor3e aura ratha para savAra hokara bANoM aura talavAroM se yuddha kiyaa| dUsare dina mAgakamAra se prApta nAgapAza aura praddhacandra nAmaka bANa kI sahAyatA se jayakumAra ne prakIrti ko zastrarahita karake pakar3a liyaa| prakIrti ko apane raba meM DAlakara eka hAthI para car3hakara jayakumAra ne anya zatru vidyAdhara rAjAnoM ko bhI

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke srota 63 bA~dha liyA aura unheM rAjA prakampana ko sauMpa diyaa| usane mare hue vIroM ke dAhasaskAra aura ghAyaloM ko cikitsA kA prabandha kiyaa| isake bAda vaha nagarI meM maayaa| anya rAjAnoM ke sAtha nagara meM pahu~cakara bAMdhe gaye rAbAmoM ko bhI samajhAyA / tatpazcAt nityamanohara caityAlaya meM Akara sabane jinendradeva kI stuti kI (cavAlisA parva yahA~ samApta ho jAtA hai|) . jinendradeva kI stuti ke pazcAt jayakumAra apane nivAsasthAna para cale gaye / mahArAja prakampana ne sulocanA ko usake mahala meM bheja diyaa| isake bAda maMtriyoM se parAmarza karake baMdhe huye vidyAdhara rAjAmoM ko bhI mukta kara diyaa| prakIti ko samajhA bujhAkara unhoMne jayakumAra aura prakakoti kI sandhi bhI karA dI aura apanI prakSamAlA nAma kI putrI kA vivAha prakIti ke sAtha kara diyaa| anya rAjAmoM ko bhI ratna, hAthI aura ghor3e dekara sammAnasahita vidA kiyaa| jayakumAra se parAmarza karake akampana ne apane sumukha nAmaka dUta ko aparAdhamAjana hetu bharata-cakravartI ke pAsa bhejaa| dUta ne rAjA prakampana kI mora se kSamAyAcanA ko to samrATa bharata ne rAjA prakampana ko apanA pUjya aura jayakumAra ko apanA senApati btaayaa| samrATa bharata ke prazaMsAtmaka vacanoM se santuSTa hokara sumugva unase prAjJA mA~gakara rAjA akampana ke pAsa pahu~cA aura unake sAmane bharata kA mantavya prakaTa kara diyaa| jayakumAra salocanA ke sAna sukha kA anubhava karatA huA bahuta samaya taka apane zvasura ke ghara rhaa| eka dina apane maMtrI kA patra pAkara usane rAjA prakampana se apane nagara vApasa jAne ke lie anumati maaNgii| rAjA prakampana ne jayakumAra aura sulocanA ko sampattivAtsalyapUrvaka vidA kiyaa| jayakumAra mora sulocanA vijayA nAmaka hAthI para baitthe| jayakumAra apane bhAIyoM aura sulocanA ke hemAMgada ityAdi bhAIyoM ke sAtha gaMgA nadI ke kinAre calane lge| sAyaMkAla hone para unhoMne gaMgA nadI ke taTa para hI apanA par3Ava DAlA / sulocanA ke sAtha rAtri bitAkara jayakumAra apane bhAIyoM, sulocanA aura usake hemAMgada ityAdi bhAIyoM ko vahIM chor3akara dUsare dina ayodhyA phuNce| vahA~ akaMkIti ityAdi ne unakA svAgata kiyaa| sabhAgRha meM pahu~cakara, eka bhavya siMhAsana para baiThe hue rAjA bharata ko unhoMne praNAma kiyaa| bharata ne jayakumAra ko priya vacanoM se santuSTa kiyaa| jayakumAra ke vinamra vacanoM ko sunakara samrATa bharata ne jayakumAra ko unake lie aura sulocanA ke lie vastrAbhUSaNa dekara vidA diyaa| samrATa bharata se vidA lekara jayakumAra hAthI para car3hakara gaMgAnadI ke kinAre pahu~cA / vahA~ para eka sUkhe vakSa kI DAlI ke agrabhAga para sthita, sUrya ko bhora unmukha

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64 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana eka koe ko rotA huA dekhakara jayakumAra sulocanA ke aniSTa kI mAzaMkA karake mUcchita ho gayA / purohita ke vacanoM se prAzvasta hokara jayakumAra ne prAge calanA prArambha kara diyaa| jaise hI hAthI eka gaDhDhe ke bIca meM pahuMcA, vaise hI jayaka mAra se droha karane vAlI sarpiNI, jo marakara kAlIdevI huI thI, ne sarayU aura gaMgA nadI ke saMgama para magara kA rUpa dhAraNa karake jayakumAra ke hAthI ko pakar3a liyaa| hAtho ko DUbatA humA dekhakara hemAGgada Adi bhI ghabarAkara usI gaDhDhe praviSTa hone lge| paMcanamaskAra mantra kA smaraNa karake jinendra bhagavAn kA dhyAna karatI huI sulocanA bhI apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha gaMgA nado meM praviSTa hone lgii| gaMgA nadI ke kinAre rahane vAlI gaMgA devI ne saba vRttAnta jAnakara kAlI devI ko DAMTA aura una sabako kinAre le aaii| vahAM usane eka bhavana kA nirmANa kiyA aura maNimaya siMhAsana para biThAkara sulocanA kA satkAra kiyaa| jayakamAra ne gaMgAdevI ke viSaya meM jijJAsA prakaTa kii| sulocanA ne batAyA ki yaha apane pUrvajanma meM mujhase sneha rakhane vAnI, vindhyapurI ke nivAsI vindhyaketu aura priyaMguzrI kI vindhyatrI nAma kI putrI thii| sarpa ke kATane se yaha isa rUpa ko prApta huI hai| jijJAsA zAnta ho jAne para jayakumAra ne gaMgAdevI ko vidA kara diyA / tatpazcAt jayakumAra ne bharatacakravartI se huI bheMTa vArtA sunAkara sabako santuSTa kiyA aura unake dvArA dI gaI bheMTa sabo dii| dUsare dina punaH yAtrA prArambha huii| sundara dRzyoM ke varNana se sulocanA ko prasanna karate hue jayakumAra apanI rAjadhAnI hastinApura phuNce| vahAM purohitoM, saubhAgyavatI striyoM, mantriyoM, seThoM prAdi sabhI ne una donoM kA svAgata kiyaa| kisI zubha dina meM jayakumAra ne utsava kA Ayojana karake hemAMgada ityAdi ke sAmane hI sulocanA ko paTarAnI banA diyaa| kucha dinoM bAda hemAMgada ityAdi kAzI vApasa cale gaye / rAjA prakamAna ne hemAMgadamA rAjyAbhiSeka karake apanI patnI suprabhA evaM aneka rAjAmoM ke sAtha bhagavAn RSabhadeva se dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura kaivalya prApta kara liyaa| udhara jayakumAra paura sulocanA paraspara anukUla rahate hue sukha kA upabhoga karane lage (yahA~ paiMtAlisA parva samApta hotA hai|) eka dina mahala kI chata para sulocanA ke sAtha baiThe huye bayakumAra ne kRtrima hAthI para baiThe hue vidyAdhara dampatI ko dekhA mora unheM dekhakara pUrvajanma kA smaraNa hone se-'hA merI prabhAvatI'-kahakara mUdhita ho gyaa| sulocanA bhI kapotayugala ko dekhakara pUrvajanma kA smaraNa hone se-'hA mere rativara'kahakara mUcchita ho gii| donoM ne hI upacAra se cetanA prApta kii| jayakumAra ne duHkhI hokara sulocanA ko sAntvanA dii| isa ghaTanA se zrImatI, zivaMkarA ityAdi sapatniyoM kI dRSTi meM sulocanA aparAdhinI bana gii| jayakumAra ke kahane

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya.pranyoM ke srota para sulocanA ne apane aura rAjakumAra ke pUrvabhavoM kA vRttAnta sunAyA, jo isa prakAra hai : videha kSetra meM puSkalAvato deza kI puNDarokiNI nagarI meM prajApAna nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usa rAjA kA kuberamitra nAma kA eka rAjaseTha thaa| banavatI ityAdi usakI battIsa striyAM thiiN| usa seTha ke mahala meM seTha ko priya lagane vAlA rativara nAma kA kabUtara prapanI ratiSeNA nAma kI kabUtarI ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka rahatA thaa| jayakumAra hI pUrvajanma kA rativara thA aura sulocanA hI ratiSaNA thii| kuberamitra ke putra kA nAma kuberakAnta thaa| kuberakAnta ko bhogavilAsa kI sAmagrI eka kAmadhenu se prApta ho jAtI thii| usakA priyadatta nAma kA pratyadhika priya mitra thA / kuverakAnta ke mAtA-pitA ne jJAta kara liyA ki vaha eka hI kanyA se vivAha karanA cAhatA hai| kuberamitra ne apane putra kA vivAha apanI bahina kI putrI priyadattA se kara diyaa| rAjA prajApAla ne apane putra lokapAla ko puNDarIkiraNo kA rAjA banA diyA aura svayaM munirAja zIlagRpta ke samIpa saMyama dhAraNa kara liyA / kucha samaya pazcAt kuberamitra ne samudradatta prAdi seThoM ke sAtha devagiri para jAkara baradharmaguru ke samIpa tapazcaraNa karanA prArambha kara diyaa| phalasvarUpa kuberamitra pora samudradatta brahmaloka meM lokAntika deva hue| kuberakAnta aura priyadattA ke pAMca putra hue prora eka putrI huii| pamitamati paura anantamati ityAdi pAyikAmoM ke upadeza se lAbhAnvita hokara kuberakAnta paura lokapAla dAnazIlatA ityAdi zreSTha guNoM se yukta ho gaye / eka bAra kuberakAnta ke yahAM do RSiyoM kA prAgamana huaa| RSiyoM kA darzana karate hI kabUtara aura kabUtarI ne apane pUrvajanmoM ko jAnakara unheM praNAma kiyA aura paraspara ke ratibhAva ko tyAga diyaa| yaha dekhakara muniyoM ke mana meM bhI vairAgya utpanna ho gayA aura unhoMne kuberakAnta ke yahAM se bhojana kie vinA hI prasthAna kara diyaa| pakSiyoM ke saMketoM ko jAnane vAlI priyadattA ke pUchane para kabUtarI ne apane pUrvajanma kA nAma rativegA aura kabUtara ne sukAnta btaayaa| sukAnta aura rativegA pUrvajanma meM bhI pati-patnI the, prataH punaH sAtha rahane lge| muni ke cale jAne para rAjA lokapAla ko jijJAsA huii| usakI jijJAsA ko zAnta karane ke lie amitamati prAyikA ne batAyA puSkalAvatI deza meM vijayA parvata ke samIpastha dhAnyakamala nAmaka vana ke pAsa zobhAnagara kI sthiti hai| usa nagara meM prajApAla nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thA, usakI devazrI nAma kI strI thii| usa rAjA ke senApati kA nAma zaktiSaNa

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - 66 aura usakI patnI kA nAma aTavIzrI thaa| zaktiSeraNa kA satyadeva nAmaka putra huA / mujha (pramitamati prArthikA ) se dharmopadeza sunakara ina pAMcoM ne dharmAcaraNa zrIra vratAcaraNa kA pAlana kiyA / - eka adhyayana . 1 eka dina zaktipeNa apanI strI praTavIzrI ko lene ke lie usake mAtApitA ke pAsa mRNAlavatI nagarI gayA / dhAnyakamAla vana meM sarpasarovara ke samIpa rukA / usa samaya mRNAlavatI nagarI meM rAjA dharaNIpati kA rAjya thA / vahAM rativarmA se utpanna suketu nAma kA seTha bhI rahatA thaa| suketu kI patnI kA nAma yA kanakazrI / unake eka durAcArI bhavadatta nAma kA putra huprA / usakI duSTatA kAraNa use durmukha bhI kahA jAtA thaa| usI nagara meM zrIdatta seTha aura unakI patnI vimalazrI kI rativegA nAma kI putrI huI, prora prazokadeva seTha prora jinadattA kA sukAnta nAma kA putra huprA / bhavadatta kI prAzA ke viparIta rativegA kA vivAha sukAnta se ho gayA / yaha jAnakara bhavadatta bahuta krodhita huprA / usake bhaya se rativegA aura sukAnta ne zaktiSeraNa kI zaraNa lI / zaktiSeNa ke prabhAva se bhavadatta ne krodha ko bhItara hI dabA liyA / zaktiSeraNa ne vahA~ Ae hue do muniyoM ko prAhAra dAna diyaa| usa sarovara ke samIpa hI seTha merukadatta apanI strI dhAriNI aura bhUtArtha, zakuni bRhaspati ra dhanvantari nAmaka mantriyoM ke sAtha rukA thA / eka dina vahA~ eka hInAMga puruSa prAyA / seTha ne jaba usake honAMga hone ke viSaya meM pUchA taba pratyeka mantrI ne apanA-apanA mantavya batAyA, kintu bhUtArthaM ne kahA ki isakI yaha dazA pUrvajanma meM himAdi kAryoM ke karane se huI hai / usI samaya use khojate hue zaktiSeNa ne vahA~ prAkara apane usa honAMga putra kI prasahanazIlatA aura akarmaNyatA ke viSaya meM batAyA / satyadeva ne pitA kI icchAnusAra loTanA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| phalasvarUpa zaktiSeNa 'agale janma meM bhI mujhe terA sneha prApta ho' aisI icchA prakaTa karake dravyaliMgI muni bana gyaa| vaha (zaktiSeNa) mRtyu ko prApta hokara deva ke rUpa meM janmA / jisa samaya seTha merukadatta aura unakI strI ne zaktizrI ko vIzrI ke sAtha muniyoM kA svAgata karake paMcAzcarya prApta karate hue dekhA, usI samaya unhoMne icchA prakaTa kI ki agale janma meM ye hamArI santAnoM ke rUpa meM janma leM / sukAnta aura rativegA ne bhI dAna ityAdi ke phalasvarUpa puNyArjana kiyA / pramitamati ne lokapAla kI strI vasumatI, jo pahale janma meM devazrI thIM-- ke vyAkula hone para batAyA ki vahI pUrvajanma meM zaktiSeraNa kI strI praTavIzrI thI / pramitamati ne usakI bhI jijJAsA zAnta karate hue kahA ki kuverakAnta ho usa janma kA zaktiSeNa hai / tumhAre pAMca putroM meM se kuberadayita nAmaka putra hI usa janma kA satyadeva hai / bhavadeva ne jisa rativegA prora sukAnta nAmaka dampati ko jalA diyA thA, vahI ye kabUtara - kabUtarI haiN| seTha merukadatta zrora dhAriNI hI tumhAre pati ke

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke srota. mAtA-pitA haye / zaktiSeNa ne jina do muniyoM ko mAhAra-dAna diyA thA, ve hI tere pitA paura pati ke guru hue haiN| eka dina kabUtara-kabUtarI cAvala cugane ke lie dUsare gAMva gye| bhavadeva ke jIva bilAva ne pUrvajanma ke vaira ke kAraNa una donoM ko mAra ddaalaa| rativara kabUtara hI apanI mRtyu ke bAda vijayArddha parvata kI dakSiNa zreNI meM sthita gAndhAra deza kI uzIravatI nagarI ke rAjA prAdinyagati aura rAnI zaziprabhA kA putra hiraNyavarmA huSA praura ratiSaNA kabUtarI apanI mRtyu ke bAda vijayArgha parvata kI uttarazreNI meM sthita gorI nAmaka deza meM vidyamAna bhogapura meM rajya karane vAle vidyAdharoM ke svAmI vAyuratha aura unakI pattI svayaMprabhA kI putrI prabhAvatI huii| prabhAvatI ke svayaMbara meM gatiyuddha meM vijaya prApta karake hiraNyavarmA ne prabhAvatI ko patnI ke rUpa meM prApta kara liyaa| eka dina donoM ko apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho paayaa| pUrvajanma ke dAmpatya bhAva ko smaraNa karake ve donoM paraspara pratyadhika prema se rahane lge| eka bAra hiraNyavarmA aura prabhAvatI ne siddhakUTa ke caityAlaya meM pUjA karate samaya eka cAraNamuni ke darzana kiye| prabhAvatI ke pUchane para muni ne unake pUrvajanmoM ke viSaya meM batAyA mora kahA ki maiM hI bhavadeva kA pitA thaa| ___ isI samaya vAyuratha ne virakta hokara apanA rAjya apane putra manoratha ko de diyaa| vAyuratha ke sambandhiyoM kI icchA se prabhAvatI kI putrI ratiprabhA kA vivAha manoratha ke putra citraratha se karake mahArAja mAdityagati ne hiraNyavarmA kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA, aura svayaM tapazcaraNa meM saMlagna ho gye| ___ eka bAra hiraNyavarmA prabhAvatI ke sAtha dhAnyakamAla vana meM sarpasarovara ke samIpa pahuMcA to use apane pUrvajanmoM kI yAda mA gii| phalasvarUpa usakA mana varAgya se bhara gyaa| usane apane nagara meM prAkara apane putra suvarNavarmA kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA, mora svayaM zrIpura nAma ke nagara meM zrIpAla guru ke samIpa jinadIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| prabhAvatI ne bhI zaziprabhA ke sAtha guNavatI prAyikA ke samIpa tapazcaraNa karanA prArambha kara diyaa| eka dina munigaja hiraNyavarmA puNDarIkiNI nagarI phuNce| guNavatI prAyikA ke sAtha prabhAvatI pAyikA bhI vahAM pahuMca gii| vahIM para priyadattA ko prabhAvatI ne batAyA ki maiM hI mApake ghara kI ratiSaNA kabUtarI thI; mora muni hiraNyavarmA hI rativara kabUtara the| priyadattA ne munirAja hiraNyavarkA kI vandanA karake apanA vRttAnta sunaayaa| usane batAyA ki lokapAla ne apane putra guNapAsa ko rAjyabhAra de diyA; mora svayaM ratiSeNa nAma ke muni ke pAsa saMyama dhAraNa kiyaa| isI samaya kuberakAnta ne bhI apane putra kuberapriya ko rAjaseTha kA pada dekara anya cAra putroM ke sAtha vahIM para dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| apane pati kA vRttAnta

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68 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana sunAkara gRhasthAzrama se virakta priyadattA ne apanI putrI kuberazrI kA vivAha rAjA guNapAla se kara diyA aura prabhAvatI kA upadeza sunakara guNavatI prAyikA ke samIpa dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| eka bAra jaba hiraNyavarmA ne zmazAnabhUmi meM pratimAyoga dhAraNa kiyA, taba priyadattA kI eka ceTI se munirAja kA samasta vRtAnta jAnakara eka vidyaccora ne krodha ke kAraNa unake pUrvajanmoM kA samAcAra bhI jAna liyA / tapazcaryA meM rata hiraNyavarmA aura prabhAvatI ko usane eka sAtha hI citA para rakha kara jalA diyaa| mRtyu ke uparAnta ve donoM svarga pahuMca gaye / vidyuccora ke prati apane putra suvarNavarmA ke kroSa ko unhoMne samApta kiyA / svarga ke logoM ke madhya rahate hue unhoMne apane pUrvajanmoM kA smaraNa kiyaa| prataH prapane pUrvajanma ke sthAnoM ko dekhakara ve donoM sapaMsarovara ke samIpastha vana meM phuNce| vahAM eka bhIma nAma ke muni bhI prAe hue the| vahA~ para upasthita janoM ke pUMchane para bhIma ne apane pUrvabhAvoM kA vRttAnta sunaayaa| ve hI kramazaH rativegA paura sukAnta ke bairI bhavadeva; ratiSeNA aura rativara ke zatru vilAva aura prabhAvatI aura hiraNya varmA ko bhasma karane vAle vidyuccora the| una deva devI (hiraNyavarmA aura prabhAvatI) ne batAyA ki tIna vAra prApake dvArA mAre jAne vAle hama hI haiN| isa prakAra donoM unakI vandanA karake apane gantavya ko cala die| isa samaya unhoMne munirAja bhIma se aura bhI vRttAnta sune the| __isa prakAra sulocanA ne jayakumAra ko batAyA ki pahale janma meM hama donoM sukAnta aura rativegA ke rUpa meM janma the; usake bAda rativara kabUtara aura ratiSaNA kabUtarI ke rUpa meM janme phira hiraNyavarmA aura prabhAvatI ke rUpa meM aura phira svarga meM deva aura mahAdevI ke rUpa meM janme the (yahA~ chiyAlisA parva samApta hotA hai|) jayakumAra ke prAgraha karane para mulocanA ne priyadattA kI putrI kaberazrI ke putra zrIpAla kA bhI rocaka vRttAnta sunaayaa| usane batAyA ki ye saba kathAyeM sunakara hamane guNapAla tIrthaGkara ko praNAma kiyA aura svarga cale gye| tatpazcAt hamArA janma yahAM huaA hai| sulocanA kA vRttAnta sunakara sabhI ne usa para vizvAsa kara liyaa| una donoM ko apane pUrvajanma kI sArI vidyAe~ prApta ho gaI / eka bAra jayakumAra ne una vidyAoM ke bala se sulocanA ke sAtha dezATana kI icchA se apane choTe bhAI vijaya kumAra ko samasta rAjyabhAra sauMpa diyaa| pRthvI ke samudra, pavaMta Adi sthaloM para vihAra karate hue jayakumAra kailAza parvata para sthita eka vana meM phuNcaa| usa samaya indra prapanI sabhA meM jayakumAra aura sulocanA ke zIla kI prazaMsA kara rahA thaa| sabhA meM sthita raviprabha deva ne jayakamAra ke zIla kI parIkSA kI icchA se kaoNcanA

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke srota 12 nAma kI devI ko jayakumAra ke pAsa bhejaa| usa devI kI ceSTAnoM kA jayakumAra para kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| aisA dekhakara kRtrima krodha se yukta vaha devI jayakumAra ko uThAkara jAne lagI to sulocanA ne usakI bhartsanA kii| sulocanA ke zIla ke prabhAva ko sahane meM asamartha hokara vaha pradRzya ho gaI aura apane svAmI raviprabha deva ke pAsa phuNcii| raviprabha deva jayakumAra se prabhAvita hokara usake pAsa AyA / kSamAyAcanApUrvaka bar3e-bar3e ratnoM se jayakumAra kI pUjA karake svarga calA gayA / isake pazcAt prapane nagara lauTakara jayakumAra ne sulocanA ke sAtha bahuta dina bitAye / eka dina prAtmajJAnI jayakumAra ne zrI AdinAtha tIrthaGkara kI vandanA kI zraura unake upadeza se jaba dharma kA svarUpa jAnA to zivaMkarA mahAdevI se utpanna pane putra anantavIrya kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA aura apane choTe bhAI vijaya, jayanta, saMjayanta evaM ravikIrti, ravijaya, praridama, prarijaya ityAdi cakravartI bharata ke putroM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| vaha bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA 71va garaNadhara bana gyaa| pati ke viyoga se vyAkula sulocanA ne cakravartI kI paTTarAMnI subhadrA ke samajhAne para brAhmI prArthikA ke samIpa dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI; bhora bahuta samaya taka tapa karane ke pazcAt pracyuta svarga ke anuttara vimAna meM devI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI (yahA~ saiMtAlisava parva samApta ho jAtA hai) / ' (gha) mUlakathA meM parivartana aura parivardhana mahApurANa meM variNata jayakumAra kI kathA dhaura jayodaya mahAkAvya kI kathA kA jaba hama tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki kavivara zrIjJAnasAgara ne kAphI hera phera ke sAtha apane mahAkAvya meM mahApurANa kI kathA varNita kI hai / unake dvArA kie gae parivartana isa prakAra haiM : (ka) 'mahApurANa' meM sarvaprathama jayakumAra ke mAtA-pitA bhora pitRvyoM kA paricaya diyA hai, jabaki jayodaya meM jayakumAra ke pitA kA to nAma ekAdha sthaloM para prAyA bhI hai parantu mAtA evaM pitRvyoM kA kahIM ullekha nahIM milatA / (kha) 'mahApurANa' meM batAyA gayA hai ki jayakumAra ke pitA somaprabha zrora cAcA zreyAMsa ke saMnyAsa lene para jayakumAra ne hastinApura kA rAjya prApta kiyA / kintu 'jayodaya' meM isa bAta kA ullekha nahIM milatA / (ga) vanakrIr3A ke lie gaye hue jayakumAra ne jisa muni se dharmopadeza sunA, 1. jinasenAcArya guNabhadrAcAryakRta mahApurANa (prAdipurANa bhAga-2), parva 43 se 47 taka / 2. mahApurANa ( prAdipurANa bhAgaga-2), 43 / 77-82 3. jayodaya 6 / 115, 734 4. mahApurANa (mAdipurANa bhAga-2), 4364.87

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana 'mahApurANa' meM usakA nAma zIlagupta batAyA gayA hai, kintu 'jayodaya' meM muni kA nAmollekha nahIM hai / 70 (gha) 'mahApurANa' meM ullekha milatA hai ki eka sarpa dampati ne bhI jayakumAra ke sAtha muni se upadeza sunAra, jabaki 'jayodaya' meM jayakumAra ke sAtha kevala eka sarpiNI ne hI upadeza sunA hai / 3 (Ga) sarpiNI ke pati kI mRtyu varSA Rtu ke prArambha meM huI thI, 'mahApurANa' meM ghAI huI isa bAta kA bhI ullekha 'jayodaya' meM nahIM milatA / (ca) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana milatA hai ki dubArA jayakumAra usI vana meM gayA taba usane ukta sarpa ke sAtha marpiNI ko ramaNa karate hue dekhaa| kintu 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya meM batAyA gayA hai ki apane sAtha upadeza sunane vAlI sarpiNI ko, jayakumAra ne jaba vaha upadeza sunakara lauTa rahA thA, tabhI dUsare sarpa ke sAtha vihAra karate hue dekhA / (cha) mahApurANa' meM ullekha hai ki jayakumAra aura sainikoM ne sarpa bhaura sarpiNI donoM ko piittaa| sarpa mArakara gaMgAnadI meM kAlI nAma kA jala devatA huna / 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya meM kevala sapiraNI ko pratADita karane kA ullekha hai 15 sarSiraNI gaMgAnadI meM kAlI nAma kI devI huI, yaha bAta bhI vivAha ke pazcAt samrAT bharata ke yahA~ se lauTate samaya jJAta hotI hai / (ja) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana hai ki vana se lauTakara jayakumAra ne apanI patnI zrImatI ko bana kA sArA vRttAnta sunAyA 10, jabaki 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya meM kahA gayA hai ki jayakumAra ne apanI sabhI striyoM ke sammukha vana kA vRttAnta kahA / ' (jha) 'mahApurANa' meM vArANasI kA aura usameM rAjya karane vAle prakampana kA 11 1. mahApurANa ( prAdi purANa bhAga-2), 43 / 88 2 . vahI, 43 / 60 3. jayodaya, 2042 4. mahApurANa ( prAdipurANa bhAga-2), 43-61 5. vahI, 43 / 62-63 6. jayodaya, 2 / 142 mahApurANa (prAdipurANa bhAga 2 ), 43 / 63-65 7. 8. jayodaya, 2 / 142 6. vahI, 2070 10. mahApurANa ( zrAdipurANa bhAga-2) 43100 11. jayodaya, 2 / 145

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke srota ullekha milatA hai / yahIM para unakI patnI suprabhA, eka hajAra putra aura sulocanA evaM prakSamAlA nAma kI do putriyoM kA bhI varNana hai / ' kintu 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya meM rAjA akampana kA dUta jaba sulocanA-svayaMvara kA samAcAra lekara prAtA hai, taba hameM kAzInareza kI patnI aura unakI putrI sulocanA kA nAma sahita paricaya jJAta ho pAtA hai kintu kAzInareza kA nAma evaM unake eka hajAra putra evaM prakSamAlA nAma kI putrI kA paricaya to hameM bAda meM hI jJAta hotA hai / 3 (ba) 'mahApurANa' meM sabhI rAjAoMoM ko dUtoM dvArA sAmAnya rUpa se bulavAyA gayA hai 4, jabaki 'jayodaya' meM dUta ne vizeSa prAgraha se jayakumAra ko hI nimantraNa diyA hai| anya rAjAnoM ko bulavAne kA kevala ullekha mAtra hI kiyA hai / " (Ta) 'mahApurANa' meM mahendradatta kaMcukI ne hI sulocanA ko rAjAoM se paricita kraayaa| isameM kisa-kisa deza ke rAjA haiM, aisA ullekha nahIM milatA / kintu 'jayodaya' meM vidyAdevI ne sulocanA ke sammukha prayodhyA, kaliMga ityAdi dezoM ke rAjAnoM kA vistRta paricaya diyA hai / (Tha) 'mahApurANa' meM ullekha milatA hai ki arkakIrti praura jayakumAra ke yuddha ke pazcAt sabhI ne nitya manohara nAmaka caityAlaya meM pahu~cakara jinendradeva kI stuti kI, 'jayodaya meM yaha varNana to hai ki yuddha ke pazcAt sabane jinendradeva kI pUjA kI 'kintu kisI mandira kA ullekha nahIM hai / hai / 0 'mahApurANa' meM sulocanA ke rUpa-saundarya evaM 1 kintu 'jayodaya' meM ina vAtoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / ' vivAha kA saMkSepa meM hI ullekha 71 (Dha) 'mahApurANa' meM jinendradeva kI pUjA ke bAda zeSAkSata dene ke lie sulocanA jaba apane pitA ke pAsa mAtI hai, taba putrI ko pUrNayuvatI dekhakara rAjA akampana kI 1. mahApurANa ( prAdipurANa bhAga-2) 43 / 127-35 2. jayodaya, 3 / 33-37 3. bahI, 58, 7186 4. mahApurANa ( prAdipurANa bhAga-2), 43 / 202-203 5. jayodaya, 3 / 26-63, 41 6. mahApurANa (AdipurANa bhAga-2), 43 | 301-308 7. jayodaya 6 / 6-11 8. mahApurANa (prAdipurANa bhAga-2), 44 / 356 6. jayodaya, 886 evaM usake bAda kA gIta / 10. mahApurANa (prAdipurANa bhAga-2) 43-137-337 11. jayodaya, 3 / 30-116, caturtha sarga se dvAdaza sagaM taka /

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mahAkavimAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana icchA usakA vivAha karane kI hotI hai / ' kintu jayodaya' meM isa ghaTanA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| (Na) 'mahApurANa meM varNana hai ki vivAha ke bAda apane maMtrI ke patra pAne para jayakumAra hastinApura lauTane ko taiyArI karate hai| parantu 'bayodaya' meM isa bAta kA ullekha nahIM hai| (ta) mahApugaNa' meM gaMgA nadI ke taTa para jayakumAra dvArA rAtri-vihAra, banakor3A ityAdi ke kiye jAne kA varNana nahIM miltaa| kintu 'jayodaya' meM ina saba bAtoM kA vistRta varNana hai| (ya) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana milatA hai ki hemAMgada ityAdi ko gaMgA nadI ke kinAre chor3akara jayakumAra jaba samrAT bharata se milane gae to prakIrti ityAdi ne usakA svAgata kiyaa| kintu jayodaya' meM jayakumAra kA prakorti ityAdi se svAgata pAne kA varNana nahIM hai| (2) 'mahApurANa' meM varNita hai ki jaba jayakumAra samrAT bharata se vidA lekara gaMgA nadI ke kinAre pahuMcA, taba eka sUkhe vRkSa kI DAlI ke praprabhAga para sthita sUryAbhimukha eka kaue ko rotA humA dekhakara vaha sulocanA ke aniSTa kI mAzaMkA se mUcchita ho gayA pora purohita ke vacanoM se prAzvasta hokara usane mAge calanA prArambha kiyaa| kintu 'jayodaya' meM isa ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai| (ba) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana milatA hai ki kAlI devI ne jayakumAra ke hAthI ko sarayU aura gaMgA ke saMgana para pkdd'aa| kintu 'jayodaya' meM sarayU mora gaMgA ke saMgama kA ullekha nahIM hai| (pa) 'mahApurANa' meM ukta ghaTanA ke pazcAt jayakumAra ke sIdhe hastinApura pahuMcane kA varNana hai, jabaki 'jayodaya' meM jayakumAra bhIloM aura gvAloM kI bastiyoM meM hotA humA hastinApura pahuMcA hai| (na) 'mahApurANa' meM ullikhita hai ki putrI ke sukha-samAcAra ko jAnakara rAjA prakampana ne hemAMgada kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA mora suprabhA evaM aneka rAjAmoM ke 1. mahApurANa (prAdipurANa, bhAga-2), 43 / 180 2. bahI, 4567-68 3. jayodaya, 13 // 52-116, caturdaza se saptadaza sarga taka / 4. mahApurANa (mAdipurANa, bhAga-2), 45 / 114-115 5. vahI, 45 / 136-141 6. vahI, 45 / 144 7. vahI, 45 // 170-177 8. bayodaya, 2011-78

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pranyoM ke srota sAtha bhagavAn RSabhadeva se dIkSA grahaNa karake kevala jJAna prApta kara liyaa|' para 'jayodaya' meM rAjA ke vairAgyamAtra grahaNa karane kA varNana milatA hai| (ka) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana milatA hai ki jayakumAra ne apane mahala kI chata para eka kRtrima hApI meM baiThe hue vidyAdhara-dampatI ko dekhA / para 'ayogya' meM kRtrima hAthI kA nahIM, barana pAkAza-vimAna kA varNana hai|' (ba) 'mahApagaNa' meM jayakumAra aura sulocanA ke pUrvajanmoM kA varNana bar3e vistAra me kiyA gayA hai| vahAM ina donoM ke pratyeka janma ke sambandhiyoM ke janmoM se sambandhita avAntara kathAmoM kA bhI vistRta varNana hai, para 'ayogya' meM pUrvajanmoM kA varNana saMkSepa meM hI kiyA gayA hai| (bha) 'mahApurANa' meM sulocanA evaM jayakumAra ke hara janma ke sambandhiyoM se sambandhita kathAeM vistRta hone ke sAtha hI pratyadhika jaTila bhI haiM, jisase pAThaka ko mUlakapA ko samajhane meM kAphI asuvidhA hotI hai| isameM lokapAla ke putra zrIpAla kA vRttAnta bhI vistAra se variNata hai|' 'jayodaya' meM jayakumAra pora sulocanA ke pUrvajanma ke sambandhiyoM se sambandhita pravAntara kathAmoM se mUlakathA ko nahIM ulajhAyA gayA hai; aura zrIpAla kI kathA kA bhI jayodaya meM prabhAva hai| (ma) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana milatA hai ki svarga meM utpanna hone ke bAda pUrvajanma ko kathAeM sunane sunAne ke bAda sulocanA mora jayakumAra ne guNapAla tIrthakara kI vandanA kii| kintu 'jayodaya' meM yaha varNana nahIM miltaa| (ya) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana hai ki RSabhadeva kI vandanA ke pazcAt unake upadeza se prabhAvita hokara jayakumAra ne zivaMkarA mahAdevI ke putra anantavIrya kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA aura apane choTe bhAI vijaya, saMjayanta evaM ravikIrti, ravijaya, mariMdama, parijaya ityAdi cakravartI ke putroM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| kintu 'jayodaya' meM isa sandarbha meM jayakumAra ke atirikta anya kisI kI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| 1. mahApurANa (mAdipurANa, bhAga-2), 45 / 186-206 2. ayodaya, 2067 3. mahApurANa (mAdhipurANa, bhAga-2), 46 / 1 4. jayodaya, 23 / 10 5. mahApurANa (mAdipurANa, bhAga-2), 46 / 16-366 6. jayodaya, 23 / 45-67. 7. mahApurANa (mAdipurANa, bhAga-2), 47 / 1-250 8. vahI, 47 / 251-252 9. vahI, 47 / 274-279 10. jayodaya, 2668-107

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana jayodaya mahAkAvya kI kathA kI tulanA jaba hama 'mahApurANa' meM variNata jayakumAra kI kathA se karate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki mahAkavi ne 'jayodaya' ke kathAnaka meM parivartana to kie haiM para parivardhana koI nahIM kiyA hai / 74 (Ga) vIrodaya mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota 'vovier' mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota mahApurANa kA tRtIya bhAga utarapurANa hai, jisameM parva 74 se 76 taka bhagavAn mahAvIra kI kathA bar3e vistAra se barita hai| isa kathA kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : videha kSetra meM sItA nadI ke kinAre para sthita puSkalAvatI nAma ke deza kI puNDarIkaNI nagarI meM madhu nAmaka vana hai / usa vana meM pururavA nAma kA bhIlarAja apanI strI kAlikA ke sAtha rahatA thA / isa bhIla ne kramazaH sodharma svarga ke deva zrI RSabhadeva ke pautra marIci ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| yaha prapane battIsaveM janma meM prata svarga meM bAIsa sAgara kI prAyu vAlA zreSTha indra humrA / videha deza meM sthita kuNDanapura meM rAjA siddhArtha kA rAjya thA; unakI rAnI priyakAriNI ne bhASAr3ha zukla SaSThI ke dina rAtri ke antima prahara meM solaha svapna dekhe; sAtha hI mukha meM praveza karate hue eka anya hAthI ko bhI dekhA / prAtaH kAla snAna karane ke bAda svapnoM kA phala jAnakara vaha pratyanta santuSTa ho gaI / isI bIca - sabhI devagaNoM ne rAnI kA abhiSeka kiyA; prora devI-devoM ko usakI sevA meM niyukta kiyA / caitra zukla trayodazI ke dina rAnI priyakAriNI ne pracyutendra nAma ke kulabhUSaNa putra ko janma diyA / priyakAriNI ke putra ko saudharmendra ne svarga se zrAkara airAvata hAthI para car3hAyA; mora sumeru parvata para le jAkara usakA abhiSeka kiyA; stuti kI; aura use usane vIra aura vardhamAna, do nAma bhI diye / tatpazcAt bAlaka ko usake mAtA-pitA ko de diyA; zrIvardhamAna ko praNAma karake devagaraNoM sahita indra ne svarga ko prasthAna kiyA / zrIvardhamAna kI prAyu bahattara varSa thI; maura vaha sAta hAtha U~ce the / saMjaya aura vijaya nAma ke do cAraNa muniyoM ne unakA darzana karake unakA nAma sanmati rakhA / eka bAra indra kI sabhA meM bhagavAn kI zUravIratA kI prazaMsA ho rahI thI, taba saMgama nAmaka deva ne sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa karake zrIvardhana kI parIkSA lenI cAhI / sarpa ko dekhakara vardhamAna ke sAtha khelane vAle bAlaka Dara kara bhAga gaye, kintu vardhamAna ne nirbhaya hokara usa sarpa para car3hakara krIr3A kI / kumAra kI krIr3A se prasanna hokara saMgama ne zrIvardhamAna kI stuti karake unakA nAma 'mahAvIra' rakha diyA / jaba bhagavAn tIsa varSa kI avasthA pAra kara cuke tava unheM prAtmajJAna huA; aura sabhI pUrvajanmoM kA smaraNa ho gyaa| isa samaya devagaraNoM ne unakI stuti kii| bhagavAn candraprabhA nAma kI pAlakI para savAra hue| usa pAlakI ko pRthvI ke rAjAoM

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya granthoM ke srota - 75 ne phira vidyAdhara rAjApoM ne aura phira indroM ne utthaayaa| SaNDa vana meM pahuMcakara bhagavAn pAlakI se utara gA aura zilA para baiTha ge| mArgazIrSa kI kRSNapakSa kI dazamI tithi ko unhoMne apane bastrAbhUSaNa tyAgakara saMyama dhAraNa kara liyaa| indra ne bhagavAn ke vastrAbhUSaNa aura kezoM ko uThA liyaa| usane devagaNoM ke sAtha jAkara kSIrasAgara meM una vastumoM ko visarjita kara diyaa| isI samaya bhagavAn ko manaH paryaya jJAna kI prApti huii| devagaNa unakI stuti karate huye apane-apane sthAnoM ko cale gye| vrata ko pAraNA ke lie bhagavAna kUla grAma phuNce| vahAM para rAjya karane vAle kUla nAmaka rAjA ne unake darzana kiye; unakI tIna pradakSiNA karake unheM bAra-bAra praNAma kiyaa| uttama prAsana para biThAkara usane bhagavAn ko khIra kA mAhAra samarpita kiyaa| isake bAda ekAnta meM tapazcaraNa kI icchA se bhagavAn kisI tapovana meM pahuMce aura dazA prakAra ke ghaHdhyAna ke cintana meM lIna ho gaye / eka dina ujjayinI nagarI ke prati muktaka zmazAna meM pratimAyoga meM sthita bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharya kI mahAdeva rudra ne parIkSA lenI caahii| usane bhagavAn ko vicalita karane ke lie aneka bhayaMkara karma kiye. kintu apanI ceSTA meM asaphala hokara usane bhagavAn ke mahati maura mahAbIra do nAma rakhe; mora unakI stuti karake calA gyaa| rAjA ceTaka kI putrI candanA ko kisI vidyAdhara ne apanI strI ke bhaya se mahATavI meM chor3a diyaa| vahA~ kisI bhIla ne usa kanyA ko uThAkara vRSabhadatta seTha ko de diyaa| seTha kI zaMkAlu strI subhadrA ne candanA para aneka pratibandha lagA diye / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzanoM se usake bandhana samApta ho ge| usane bhagavAn kA svAgata karake unheM prAhAra diyA, phalasvarUpa vaha apane sambandhiyoM ke pAsa pahu~ca gii| chamastha avasthA ke bAraha varSa vyatIta karane ke bAda jambhika grAma ke RjukUlA nadI ke taTavartI manohara nAmaka vana ke madhya meM ratnamayI zilA para baiThakara bhagavAn pratimAyoga meM sthita ho gye| vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ke dina baha kSapaNaka zreNI para prArUr3ha hue| zukladhyAna ke dvArA pAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa karake unhoMne kaivalyajJAna prApta kara liyaa| isI bIca saudharmendra ne devagaraNoM ke sAtha mAkara unakI pUjA kii| samavazaraNa kI racanA ke pazcAt bhagavAn parameSThI aura paramAtmA padoM se suzobhita hue| ___ isa samaya indra kI preraNA se gautamagotrIya indrabhUti brAhmaNa bhagavAn ke pAsa praayaa| bhagavAn kA upadeza sunakara vaha unakA ziSya bana gayA / saudharmendra ne usakI pUjA kI / indrabhUti ne pAMca sau brAhmaNoM ke sAtha bhagavAn ko namaskAra karake

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana saMyama dhAraNa kiyaa| gautama indrabhUti bhagavAn kA prathama gaNadhara bnaa| usake bAda vAyubhUti, agnibhUti, sudharma ityAdi daza gaNadhara bhora hue| bhagavAn ke samIpa tIna so gyAraha aMga, caudaha pUrvo ke dhAraka, nau hajAra-no so saMyama ko dhAraNa karane vAle zikSaka, eka hajAra tIna so avadhijJAnI, sAta sau kevalajJAnI parameSThI, nau sau vikriyA Rddhi ke dhAraka, pAMca sau manaHparyayajJAnI, candanAdi chattIsa hajAra prAyikAyeM, eka lAkha zrAvaka, tIna lAkha zrAvikAyeM. aneka deva-deviyAM aura tiryaJca the| bhagavAn kA upadeza sunakara aneka loga lAbhAnvita hue| dharma kA upadeza dete hue bhagavAn rAjagRha pahu~ce aura vahAM vipulAcala para sthita ho ge| rAjagRha kA rAjA zreNika maura unakA putra abhayakumAra bhagavAna ke darzanoM ke lie ge| rAjA paura rAjakumAra ne gaNadhara svAmI se apane pUrvajanmoM ke viSaya meM sunA; mora anya kevalI pora mAthikAmoM ityAdi ke vRttAnta bhI sane / rAjA zreNika ko indrabhUti gaNadhara ne bhagavAna kA agrima kAryakrama batAyA ki bhaneka dezoM meM vihAra karate hue bhagavAn anta meM pAvApura jAyeMge, vahAM ke manohara nAmaka bana meM aneka sarovaroM ke bIca mariNamayI zilA para virAjamAna hoNge| do dina taka yahAM sthita rahakara kAttika kRSNa caturdazI ke dina rAtri ke antima samaya meM zukladhyAna kreNge| phira eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha mokSapada prApta kareMge / indra pAkara bhagnIndra kumAra ke mukuTa se prajvalita hone vAlI agni kI zikhA para bhagavAn kA zarIra rakheMge; unakI pUjA kreNge| isa prakAra bhagavAn nirmANa ko prApta kreNge| bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke bAda gautama indrabhUti ko kaMvalyajJAna kI prApti hogii| gautama indrabhUti ke bAda sudharma gaNadhara kaivalya jJAna prApta kareMge / jambUsvAmI pantima kevalI hoNge| isake bAda nandI muni, bheSTho dhanamitra, aparAjita, govardhana paura bhadrabAha muni bhUtakevalI hoMge / isake bAda vizAkhArya, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAgasena, siddhArtha, tiSeNa, vijaya, buddhila, gaMgadeva mora buddhimAn dharmasena janadharma ke anuyAyI hoMge / nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDa, dhruvasena mora kaMsAyaM gyAraha maMgoM ko jAnane vAle hoMge / subhadra, yazobhadra, prakRSTa, buddhimAn, yazobAhu mora cothe lohAcArya pAra pAcArAMgoM ke jJAtA hoNge|' (yaha kathA yahIM samApta ho jAtI hai) (ca) mUlakathA meM parivartana aura parivardhana mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara ne mahApurANa meM varNita mahAvIra kI kathA meM hI parivartana nahIM kiyA hai apitu usake krama meM bhI parivartana kiyA hai| unake dvArA kie gae parivartana isa prakAra haiM: (ka) 'mahApurANa' meM mahAvIra kI kathA kA prArambha unake pUrvajanmoM ke 1. guNabhadrAcArya viracita mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), parva 74 se 76 taka /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke srota varNana se kiyA gayA hai|' isake viparIta 'vIrodaya' meM kathA kA prAramma kuNDanapura nagara-varNana se kiyA gayA hai| isameM pUrvajanmoM kA varNana bAda (kha) 'mahApurANa' meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvajanmoM kA jitane vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai, utane vistAra se 'vIrodaya' meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| (ga) 'mahApurANa' meM pUrvajanmoM kI kathA pururavA bhIla ke bhava se prArambha kI gaI hai, jisameM bhIla kA pUrNa paricaya diyA gayA hai|5 'vIrodaya' meM pUrvajanmoM kI kathA ke varNana meM RSabhadeva ke pautra marIci ke janma kA sarvaprathama ullekha hai| (gha) 'mahApurANa' meM variNata bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jaTila, brAhmaNa, saudharma svarga kA deva, puSyamitra brAhmaNa, saudharma svarga kA deva, agnisaha nAmaka brAhmaNa, svarga kA sAta sAgara kI prAyu vAlA deva, magnimitra brAhmaNa, mAhendra svarga kA deva, * bharadvAja brAhmaNa aura mAhendra svarga kA sAta sAgara kI mAyu vAlA devaina dasa bhavoM kA varNana 'vIrodaya' mahAkAvya meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| (Ga) 'mahApurANa' meM varNita bhagavAn ke 23veM siMha bhava meM unako upadeza dene vAle muniyoM kA nAma pratijaya aura amitaguNa batAyA gayA hai| 'vIrodaya' meM muni ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai / (ca) 'mahApurANa' meM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha siMha marakara saudharma svarga meM siMhaketu nAma kA deva humA, kintu vIrodaya meM svarga evaM deva kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| (cha) 'mahApurANa' meM mahAvIra kI mAtA priyakAriNI dvArA dekhe gaye solaha svapnoM kA ullekha nahIM hai, aura isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'mahApurANa' ke racayitA ne RSabhadeva ke janma-prasaMga meM hI tIrthaGkara kI mAtA ko dikhAI dene vAle svapnoM 1. guNabhadrAcArya viracita mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), 74 / 15-16 2. vIrodaya, 2 / 21 3. mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), 74 / 1-250 4. vIrodaya, 11 / 1-36 5. mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), 74-15-22 6. vIrodaya, 118 7. mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), 74168-80 8. vahI, 74 / 173 6. vahI, 741216

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78 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kA varNana kara diyA hai / kintu 'vIrodaya' meM rAnI priyakAriNI dvArA dekhe gaye svapnoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| (ja) 'mahApurANa' meM jisa tithi ko rAnI ne svapna dekhe, usakA bhI ullekha 'vIrodaya' meM nahIM hai / (jha) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana milatA hai ki abhiSeka ke samaya indra ne bhagavAn ko vIra pora vardhamAna ye do nAma diye / 'vIrodaya' meM kevala 'vIra' nAma kA hI uccAraNa indra dvArA kiyA gayA hai / 5 vardhanAna nAma siddhArtha ne hI diyaa| (ba) 'mahApurANa' meM bhagavAn kI Ayu aura lambAI kA ullekha hai, 'varodaya' meM isa bAta kA koI saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| (Ta) saMjaya maura vijaya nAma ke do cAraNa muniyoM ne bhagavAn kA nAma 'sanmati' rakhA, 'mahApurANa' meM ullikhita isa ghaTanA kA ullekha 'vIrodaya' meM nahIM miltaa| (Tha) saMgama deva ne sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa karake bhagavAn ke dharya kI parIkSA lI, praura tatpazcAt bhagavAn kA nAma 'mahAvIra' rakhA, 'mahApurANa' meM variNata isa kathA kA bhI varNana 'voronaya' meM nahIM hai| (Da) jaba bhagavAn ko prAtmajJAna huprA aura pUrvajanmoM kA smaraNa humA, taba unakI avasthA tIsa varSa kI thI,10 'mahApurANa' meM ukta bAta kA saMketa 'vIrodaya' meM nahIM miltaa| .. (Dha) manaHparyayajJAna prApta karane se pUrva bhagavAn candraprabhA nAma kI pAlako para savAra hue| usa pAlakI ko pRthvI ke rAjAoM ne, phira vidyAdhara rAjAoM ne, aura phira indra ne utthaayaa| SaNDa-vana meM pacakara bhagavAn pAlakI se utara gaye, mora eka zilA para baiTha gye| unake dvArA ukhAr3e hue kesoM aura vastrAbhUSaNoM ko uThAkara indra ne kSIrasAgara meM visajita kara diyA / 1 1 'mahApurANa' ke isa varNana kA 'vIrodaya' meM prabhAva hai / 1. mahApurANa (prAdipurANa, bhAga-2), 12 / 102-120 2. vIrodaya, 427 / 61 3. mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), 74 / 253 4. vahI, 741276 5. vIrodaya, 7 / 31 6. vahI, 86 7. mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), 74 / 276-281 8. vahI, 74 / 282-283 6. vahI, 741287-265 10. vahI, 74 / 266-267 11. vahI, 74 / 305-306

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke srota - 76 (Na) vrata kI pAraNA ke lie bhagavAn kA kUlagrAma jAnA, vahAM ke rAjA kUla se prAdara prApta karanA, tatpazcAt daza prakAra ke dhayaMjJAna meM lIna honA ityAdi' 'mahApurANa' meM varNita bAtoM kA varNana 'vIrodaya' meM nahIM hai / (ta) 'mahApurANa' meM variNata mahAdeva rudra dvArA lI gaI bhagavAn kI parIkSA kA ullekha bhI 'vIrodaya' meM nahIM hai| (ya) rAjA ceTaka kI putrI candanA kA ullekha bhI 'mahApurANa' meM hI hai| 'vIrodara' meM nhiiN| (da) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana hai ki jambhika grAma ke samIpastha RjukUlA nadI ke taTavartI manohara nAmaka bana meM bhagavAn ko kaivalyajJAna prApta humA / / 'vIrodaya' meM ina sthAnoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / (gha) 'mahApurANa' meM varNana hai ki samavazaraNa maNDapa meM bhagavAn se prabhAvita hone ke pazcAt indrabhUti bhagavAn kA prathama gaNaghara banA / rAjA zreNika ko usI ne batAyA ki bhagavAn mokSa kaba prApta kreNge|5. 'vIrodaya' meM yaha bAta indrabhUti se nahIM kahalavAI hai, aura na hI bhagavAn ke agrima kAryakrama ke rUpa meM usakA ullekha hai| kavi ne kramazaH ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAmoM ke rUpa meM inako prastuta kiyA hai| (na) 'mahApurANa' meM sthAna-sthAna para bhagavAn ke upadeza kA ullekha mAtra hai, kintu 'vIrodaya' meM bhagavAn ke upadezoM kA vistAra se varNana hai / mUlakathA meM parivardhana (ka) 'mahApurANa' meM bhagavAn kA abhiSeka karAne ke lie indrAdi devagaNoM ke sAtha indrANI ke Ane kA varNana nahIM miltaa| kintu 'vIrodaya' meM prasUtikakSa se bhagavAn ko bAhara lAne kA, abhiSeka ke pazcAt vastrAbhUSaNa dhAraNa karAne kA kArya indrANI dvArA hI variNata hai| 1. mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), 75 // 318.330 2. vahI, 73 / 331-337 3 vahI, 74 / 338-347 4. vahI, 74 / 348-355 5. vahI, 74 / 371, 761512 6. vIrodaya, 14 / 1, 21121 7. mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), 741356, 366-370, 304 8. vIrodaya, 14 / 24 / 43, 16 / 2-30 tathA 17 / 16 sarga / 6. vahI, 7.13, 35, 36

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana (kha) 'mahApurANa' meM 'vIrodaya' meM varNita isa bAta kA ullekha nahIM milatA ki jaba indra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janmAbhiSeka karake svarga calA gayA, taba rAjA siddhArtha ne punaH unakA janmAbhiSeka kiyaa|' (ga) 'mahApurANa' meM 'vIrodaya' meM varNita isa bAta kA bhI ullekha nahIM milatA ki bhagavAn ke yuvaka hone para unake vivAha kA prastAva mAyA, jise unhoMne asvIkRta kara diyA / 2 (gha) 'vIrodaya' meM ukta ghaTanA ke bAda hI bhagavAn ke virakta hone kA varNana hai / yaha varNana bhI 'mahApurANa' meM nahIM miltaa| (Ga) 'vIrodaya' meM paurANika prAkhyAnoM aura RSabhadeva se sambandhita ghaTanAmoM kA varNana hai|4 'mahApurANa' meM bhagavAn ke upadeza ke bIca meM ina kathApoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| (ca) bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAta jaina-dharma meM hrAsa bhora parivartana kA jo varNama 'vIrodaya' meM kiyA gayA hai, vaha 'mahApurANa' meM nahIM hai / (cha) sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota 'sudarzanodaya' ke nAyaka sudarzana kI kathA hameM aneka pUrvavartI kaviyoM dvArA racita kathAkozoM evaM kAvyoM meM dekhane ko milatI hai, jinameM (ka) hariSeNAcAryakRta bRhatkathAkoza, (kha) muni nayanandi kRta suvaMsaraNacariu, (ga) rAmacandra mumukSakRta puNyAsrava kathAkoza (gha) nemidattAcAryakRta pArAdhanAkathAkoza (Ga) sakalakotikRta sudarzanacarita aura (ca) vidyAnandiviracita sudarzanacarita ullekhanIya haiN| kramazaH ina sabakA sArAMza prastuta haivRhatkathAkoza meM variNata 'sumaga gopAla' ke kathAnaka kA sArAMza___aMgadeza meM vidyamAna campApurI meM dantivAhana nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usa rAjA kI rAnI kA nAma prabhayA thaa| rAnI kI paNDitA nAma kI eka dAsI thii| isI nagara meM RSabhadAsa nAmaka seTha apanI strI jinadAsI ke sAtha rahatA thaa| isa seTha kI bhaisoM ko subhaga nAma kA gvAlA carAyA karatA thaa| eka dina subhaga bhaisoM ko carAne ke lie jaMgala meM gyaa| loTate samaya mArga meM usane zItakAla meM eka cAraNamuni ko tapa karate hue dekhaa| ghara mAkara vaha so gyaa| muni ke guNoM para prAkaSTa hokara vaha prAtaHkAla punaH bhaisoM ko lekara usI dizA kI ora cala pdd'aa| vahAM muni ko namo'haMte mantroccAraNapUrvaka 1. vIrodaya, 8 / 1.6 2. vahI, 8 / 22-46 3. vahI, navama srg| 4. vahI, 8 / 36-41, 17420, 37, 18 / 11-43 5. vahI, 22vA sarga,

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-pranyoM ke strota pAkara vaha so gyaa| muni ke guNoM para prAkRSTa hokara vaha prAta:kAla punaH bhaisoM ko lekara upI dizA kI ora jA pdd'aa| hA~ muni kI 'namo'hane mantroccAraNa pUrvaka prAkAzagAminI vidhA ko dekha kara svayaM bhI use prApta karane kI icchA karane lgaa| seTha ne use jinanAma lene ko manA kiyaa| taba seTha do muni kA vRttAnta sunAkara usane jinanAma chor3ane meM papI samartha prakaTa kii| suga gopa kI bAta sunakara peTha ne use jiyAre ko pamapi dii| eka dina meTha kI bhai gaMgA meM utara kara dUsarI pora eka kheta meM pahu~ca gii| yaha dekhakara gvAlA unheM lAne ke gira jaba vegapUrvaka nadI meM kUdA to eka lakar3I kI noka ke zira meM cubha jAne ke kAraNa usakI mRtyu ho gii| barAzcAt gvAle kA jIva seTha ko patnI jimadAsI ke garbha meM prA gyaa| garbhAvasthA ke nau mahIne bItane para usane eka putra ko janma diyaa| usakA nAma sudarzana rakhA gayA / mudarzana kamazaH saba vidyAnoM aura kalAmoM ko prApta karatA humA yuvAvasthA meM paca gyaa| __campApura meM hI sAgarasena nAmaka seTha rahatA thaa| usakI strI sAgarasenA se manoramA nAma kI putrI ne janma liyaa| isI manoramA se mRdarzana kA vivAha ho gayA / manoramA ne sukAnta nAmaka putra ko janma diyaa| RSabhadAsa ne sudarzana ko seTha kA pada dekara svayaM samAvigupta muni ke. samIpa dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| sudarzana kA mitra kapila brAhmaNa rAjA kA purohita thaa| isakI kapilA nAma kI strI sudarzana ke guNoM para prAsabana ho gii| eka dina kisI dUtI ke dvArA saMdeza ko pahu~cAkara usane sudarzana ko apane pAsa bulvaayaa| usake ghara pAkara sudarzana ne kapila ke viSaya meM puuchaa| tava kapilA ne kahA ki vaha andara so rahe haiM, tuma zIghra jaatro| andara jAkara, apane mitra ko na pAkara sudarzana ne punaH kapila ke viSaya meM puuchaa| taba kapilA ne punaH kahA ki vaha ghara meM nahIM hai aura yadi tuma merA icchita kArya nahIM karoge to maiM tumhArA vaSa karavA duuNgii| kapilA ke nindita vacana munakara evaM beSTAeM dekhakara sudarzana ne apane ko pauruSahIna batA diyA / yaha sunakara kapilA ne virakta hokara use vidA kara diyaa| ekadina rAjA dantivAhana kapila mora sadarzana ke sAtha upavana meM bihAra karane ko gyaa| rAnI abhayA, kapilA pora manoramA bhI zivikA meM baiThakara pana jAne ke lie nikliiN| mArga meM prabhayA ne kagilA se pUchA ki putrAdi se yukta yaha kisakI strI hai? kapisA ne uttara diyA ki yaha sudarzana kI bhAryA hai| kapilA ke vacana sunakara rAnI me puSantI manoramA kI prazaMsA kii| rAnI ke vacana sunakara kapilAsakara bolI ki yuvatiyAM to kauzala se putroM ko utpanna karatI haiN| rAnI ne manoramA ke pAtivratya kI bAta kahakara usakI isa kaThora bAta ko kahane kA

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82 mahAti jAnasAgara ke kAma.....ka adhyayana kAraNa pachA, taba kapilA ne kahA ki sudarzana ne mujhe batAyA thA ki vaha namaka hai / kapila ke va vana manakAra rAnI ne kahA ki tuma ThagI gaI ho| madarzana apanI strI ke lie nahIM, anya striyoM ke lie napuMsaka hai| karitA abhAH ko upake para kI cunautI dene hA mudarzana ko vaza meM karane ke lie na / abhayA ne kaha diyA ki maiM sudarzana ko vA meM karane meM samartha haiN| mAjamahala pahu~cakara ganI ne apanI paNDitAya ko bulAyA aura lajjA tyAga kara kahA ki madarzana ko zIghra ho mere ghara le prA. a.thA maiM pAgA tyAga dNgii| paNDitA ne ise prazobhana kArya samabha kara rAnI ko jAta gmbhaayaa| taba rAnI ne kahA ki maiMne kapilA brAhmaNI ke sammukha pratijJA bI ka mAdi vaha mere dvArA prasanna nahIM kiyA gayA to maiM prANa tyAga duuNgii| nikAya dAmI ne adhyA me kahA ki parva ke dinoM meM rAtrivelA meM ekAnta meM vaha sadarzana sthiracitta hokara baiThA rahatA hai| tabhI upAya sahita sako lAyA jAyagA ! - isake bAda vaha dAmI kumbhakAra ke ghara gaI aura ramane kAbhakAra me sAta miTTI ke palale bnaaye| unameM se eka putale ko vApara pratipadA ke dina dAsI garna ke mahala kI prora kar3hI to nAmAla ne uge?: / dvagAla ke praznoM ko sanasAra sane kaha diyA ki jo mujhe acchA lagatA hai. use lekara jA rahI hU~, nuhA nayA na kamAna hai ? taba krodha meM yukA ma kA ranarIya pakar3akara khIMvA, kasambakA putanA jamIna gira karake naIyA / bodha se kamti zI yAnI paNDiyA ne kahA ki yaha pula maiM mara ke lie le jA rahI thI, isake pUjana ke pazcAta ho rAnI naana garegaH / kintu vaha putalA tumhAre dvArA naSTa kara diyA gyaa| vinA puno ke ga. degakAra rAnI pIr3ita hoNgii| kala isa vRttAnTa ko rAjA se kahAra maiM tumhArA sira avazya hI kaTavA dNgii| dAmI ke vacanoM se Darakara dvArapAla se usase anunA kI aura dAsI ko. usakA icchita kArya karane kI anumati de dii| dvArapAla ke vacanoM se dAmI santuSTa ho gii| tAzcAt praSTamI tithi ke dina jaba dAgI ne mazAna : pratigAyoga meM sthita sudarzana ko dekhA taya sudarzana ko uThAkara vaha rAnI ke pAsa le gaI / ganI kI duzceSTAnoM se aprabhAvita sadarzana nizcala hI baiThA rahA / anta meM 'isa zreSThI ne merA bhoga kara liyA, zIghra hI pAo', isa prakAra ke rAnI ke vacanoM se kaSTa rAjA ne logoM meM kahA ki zIghra hI zmazAna le jAkara isakA , zimacheda kara do| zmazAna meM le jAkara jaise hI ve use talavAra se mArane ko udghata hue. ki talavAra sudarzana ke gale meM puSpamAlA ke rUpa meM sthita ho gii| yaha ghaTanA hote hI vismita

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya granthoM ke srota hae sabhI loga gadagaMna karane lge| prazise meM mAra rAjA daniyA :.: ::: :: :: : : :: rAjya grahagA karane kI ji / gAnA: bhAvi ke. prati apanI nilA poTa kara dii| rAjaH praura madAna paraspara vAlA kara hI rahe the ki inane meM hI vimalavAyana nAmaka vidA vA mAye / mana meM savAriyaha tyA karake unase dIkSA kI yavanA ko vivahA ne madarzana ko degA de do| sana kA yAmamA vAra mAnakara ro ne mAghAra 7 yA vara marakara pani meM gahuI : rAja ke dAma 11: tIna ko choDa diyA poTAvadI gii| vahAM papa vega ke darzana kA vRnAnna manAkara devadalA nAma kI veya' ke ghara rahane lgii| eka bAra sadarzana muni bhramaNa karate " pATalipatra ce / giddhatA dAsI ne devadanA ko sadagaMna ke darzana kgr| devatA ne kahA ki kAlA bAgI aura rAnI abhayA kAmagAra meM prAbhija thI maiM sa gani ke tRdaya meM jAtA kA. saJcAra kamgI : ga' 7 devatA ne bhojana karane nAma bAga dvArA sudarzana ko 5' vAyA : yogI mana deva dattaH ke gha ! jaya hI unhone ghara meM praveza kiyA, bAdata ne dAra banda kara diyaa| tIna dina ki usane tarahataraha kI naamttaanii| darzana ke Upara nAmoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| nobila mero ladeva naH bhApIna rImi karane lgii| meM gudA - pAyA gii| vAta gatimA praka' gahAnA kara yahAMna pratimAyoga meM sthira hogaH / na mo dina ta - "ya kaTora ceSTAyeM kii| gAlana bIta jAne ra mana ke ghAniyA aura unheM kaivalya kI prApti ho gii| guNDA valo sudarzana chara ityAdi se suzobhita hone lage / isake bAda sadarzana muni ke pAma devagaNa gAye / devadattA, paNDitA dhAya evaM vyantarI sudarzana valI ke samIra meM gii| vahA~ devagaNoM ke sammukha dharmopadeza dete hue , sudarzana ke.vAkya sanakAra ina tInoM ne zrAvaka dharma grahaNa kara liyaa| muni nayAndi viracina 'suvaMsAvariu' / sArAMza rAjagRha ke zAsaka rAjA theTika ke pUche jAne para gautama gadhara ne paMcanamaskAra mantra ko prApta karane vAle bhavyoM ke viSaya meM kahA.. 1. haripeNAcArya viranita vRhatkathAkoTa, mRbhagagopAla kathAnakama, 60vIM kathA /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana aMgadeza meM sthita campApurI meM dhAIvAhana nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / usakI rAnI kA nAma grabhayA thaa| isI nagara meM seTha RSabhadAsa grapanI strI praddAsI ke sAtha rahatA thaa| unakA subhaga nAma kA eka gvAlA thA / eka bAra seTha ne dekhA ki subhaga gvAlA pratyeka kArya karane ke pUrva 'namo'rhate' mantra kA smaraNa karatA hai| unase usako DATA paura mantroccAraNa kA kAraNa puuchaa| taba gvAle ne seTha se kahA - magha ke mahIne meM bhayAnaka jaMgala meM, sandhyA ke samaya eka digambara muni ko maiMne dekhA / unakI vandanA ke bAda ghara prAyA / prAtaHkAla yati lekara unake pAsa gyaa| maiMne parane hAya garma karake bAra-bAra unake zarIra kA sparza kiyaa| sUryodaya hote hI muni ne paiMtIma prakSaroM kA uccAraNa karane ke bAda prAkAzagArga meM vihAra kiyaa| maiM unhIM akSaroM kA smaraNa kiyA karatA hU~ / anta meM seTha ne use mantroccAraNa kI prAjJA de do / 1 rAtri samApta hone para maiM 84 eka bAra vaha gvAlA nadI ko gayA / vahA~ vaha anya gvAloM ke sAtha krIr3A karane lagA | usI samaya eka kheta kA rakhavAlA ghabarAtA huA usake samIpa ghAyA aura bolA ki tumhArI gAyeM nadI ke dUsare taTa kI ora gambhIra jala meM pahu~ca gaI haiN| yaha sunakara kIr3A chor3akara vaha maMtra kA smaraNa karake nadI meM kUda pdd'aa| jala ke madhya meM eka nukIlA ThUMTha thA, jo usake hRdaya meM cubha gyaa| pIr3A ko bhUlakara usane anta meM nidAna kiyA ki maMtra ke uccAraNa ke phala meM merA janma usI kula meM ho / subhaga gora ke jIva ke janma lene ke pUrva pradadAmI ne mote samaya pA~ca svapna dekhe - vizAla parvata, kalpataru, amarendra gRha, vizAlasamudra aura zobhAyukta agni / prAtaHkAla apane pati ke pAsa jAkara usane apane svanoM ke viSaya meM batAyA donoM paraspara parAmarza karake jinamandira ko gye| vahA~ eka muni ne svapnoM ke pariNAma ke viSaya meM pUchane para unhoMne banAyA ki tumhArA putra parvata dekhane ke kAraNa sudhIra, kalpataru dekhane ke kAraNa dAnI, amarendra kA gRha dekhane ke kAraNa devavandya, samudra ko dekhane ke kAraNa gaMbhIra aura agni ko dekhane ke kAraNa pApoM ko naSTa karane vAlA hogA / praneka guraNoM se yukta tumhArA putra anta meM mokSapada ko prApta karegA / yaha sunakara ve guni ko praNAma karake prasannatApUrvaka ghara lauTa pAye / subhagagopa ke jIva ne seThAnI ke garbha meM praveza kiyA / pauSa mAsa ke zuklapakSa kI caturthI tithi, budhavAra ke dina, marhaddAsI ne putra ko janma diyA / seTha ke ghara meM bar3I cuma-dhAma se putra janmotsava sampanna kiyA gayA / janma ke gyArahaveM dina prahaMdAsI putra ke nAmakaraNa ke lie jinamandira gii| vahA~ eka munirAja ne bAlaka kA nAma sudarzana rkhaa| jaba sudarzana ATha varSa kA hudhA, taba seTha pora seThAnI use vidyA dilAne ke liye eka munirAja ke pAsa gaye /

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAmya-pramoM ke lota 85 muni se vidyA prApta karane ke bAda sudarzana solaha sAla kA yuvaka ho gayA, taba sasta nara-nArI usase pratizaya prema karane lge| ___nagara meM bhramaNa karate hue sudarzana kI maMtrI guNoM se sampanna kapila brAhmaNa se ho gaI / eka dina ve donoM mitra jaba bAjAra mArga se cala rahe the, taba unhoMne eka sundarI bAlA ko dekhaa| sudarzana ne kapila se usa rUpavatI bAlA kA paricaya pUchA / kapila ne batAyA ki yaha sAgaradatta seTha kI sAgarasenA nAma kI strI se utpanna manoramA nAma kI kanyA hai| usa bAlA ko dekhakara aura usakA paricaya pAkara sudarzana kAma ke vazIbhUta ho gyaa| kapila brAhmaNa ne sudarzana ko striyoM ke lakSaNoM kA upadeza diyaa| apane mitra ke vacana sunakara aura usakI prazaMsA karake vyAkula sudarzana ghara calA gyaa| manoramA bhI bAra-bAra sudarzana kA smaraNa karake vyAkula hone lgii| - sudarzana ko avasthA dekhakara seTha vRSabhadAsa ne usakA vivAha karAne kA vicAra kiyaa| taba use dhyAna pAyA ki eka bAra dyUtakIr3A ke samaya seTha sAgaradatta ne kahA thA ki yadi merI putrI utpanna huI to usakA vivAha tumhAre putra se kiyA jaaygaa| jaise hI seTha vaSamadAsa manoramA ko apane putra ke lie mAMgane kA vicAra kara rahA thA ki usI samaya seTha sAgaradatta vahAM prA phuNcaa| RSabhadAsa kI icchA jAnakara seTha sAgaradatta prasannatApUrvaka tAmbUla lekara zrIdhara jyotiSI ke pAsa pahuMcA mora usase vivAha hetu lagna pUchA / zrIdhara ne batAyA ki vaizAkhamAsa meM, zuklapakSa meM, paJcamI tithi ko ravivAra ke dina, mithuna lagna hI uttama lagna hai| tithi kA nizcaya ho jAne para donoM seThoM ne putra-putrI ke vivAha kI taiyAriyAM kii| madhyAhna ke samaya una donoM ke putra evaM putrI kA paraspara vivAha sampanna ho gyaa| vivAha ke pazcAta bhogavilAsa karate hue unakA sukAnta nAma kA putra humaa| eka bAra samAdhigupta nAmaka muni apane saMgha sahita upavana meM mAye / seTha varSabhadAsa bhI unake darzana karane ke lie gyaa| RSabhavAsa ke pUchane para unhoMne use dharma kA svarUpa btaayaa| muni ke vacana sunakara seTha ne ghara pAkara sudarzana ko lokamyavahAra kI zikSA dI aura apane vana jAne kI icchA bhI prakaTa kara dii| putra ne bhI tapa karane kI icchA prakaTa kI to seTha ne use kula kA bhAra grahaNa karane ko kahA / putra ko samajhAkara seTha aura seThAnI samApigupta ko praNAma karake tapasyA ke pazcAt devaloka ko gye| pitA ke bAda sudarzana sukhapUrvaka divasa vyatIta karane lgaa| kapisa bhaTTa kI strI kapilA ne jaba sudarzana ke saundarya ke viSaya meM sunA to mohita ho gii| apanI sakhI ke paMcama rAma gAne para bhI usakA mana zAnta nahIM humaa| kapilAko viraha vedanA ko jAnakara satI ne mArga meM jAte hue sudarzana ko dekhakara kapilA ko usakA darzana krvaayaa| kapinA ne apanI satI suvarzanako para le pAne ke lie

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya--eka adhyayana khaa| makhI sudana ke pAsa gaI aura mitra ke mastaka meM vedanA ke bahAne se zIghra hI upakA ghara na pAI / jaba usane apane mitra kaviya meM pUcha taba kapilA ne usakA hAtha pakar3akara ratisukha kI kAmanA kii| sudarzana ne kahA maiM to napuMsaka hU~ / yaha sunate hI virakta hokara kapilA ne usakA hAtha chor3a diyaa| __ kucha dinoM pazcAt basanta Rtu ke prAgamana para banapAla ne rAjA ko upavanameM pAne kA nimantraNa diyaa| rAja rAnI, mudarzana-manoramA aura kapila evaM kapilA udyAna-bihAra ke ! nae ga? / manAramA kA dakhakara rAnI ne usakI prazaMmA ko| rAnI ke vacana sunakara kapilAna batAyA ki manoramA putravatI kaise ho sakatI hai ? kyoMki isake pati kI napuMsakatA ke viSaya meM maiMne kisI se sunA hai| taba rAnI ne caturAI meM kapilA kA sArA vRttAna jAna liyaa| usana kapilA se kaha diyA ki vaha ThagI gaI hai| taba kapilA na rAnI se kahA ki maiM to mAdhAraNa brAhmaNI hU~ aura tuma rAbarAnI ho, mata. tuma hI usa mudarzana kA citta caMvala karake dikhA do| rAnI prabhayA ne kapilA ke vacana sunakara pratijJA kI ki yadi maiM sudarzana ke sAtha ramaNa karane meM asamartha ho jAUMgA tA gala meM phAMsI lagAkara AtmaghAta kara lUgo / udyAna krIr3A prora jalakrIr3A ke bAda rAnI na gagAra kiyaa| prabhayAdevI rAjamahala meM prAI aura zayyA para leTa gaI / usakI paMDitA dhAya ne usake anamanepana kA kAraNa puuchaa| rAnI ne usake pAgraha para sampUrNa vRttAnta maura papanI pratijJA ke viSaya meM batA diyaa| paNDitA ne rAnI ko samajhAyA, use hitopadeza diyA, lekina apanI pratijJA kI bAta batAkara rAnI apane nizcaya para rada raho / anta meM paNDitA ne rAnI kI bAta mAna lii| . (isake Age putaloM dvArA dvArapAloM ko vaza meM karane kA vRttAnta 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke samAna hai|) aSTamI tithi ke dina sudarzana, muni ko praNAma karake upavAsa lekara zmazAna kI mora cala par3A / usake mArga meM aneka apazakuna mAye / lekina sabhI bAdhAmoM kI cintA kie binA hI bhayaMkara zmazAna meM praviSTa humA / vahA~ pahu~cakara jinendradeva kA smaraNa karate hue vaha kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3A ho gyaa| rAtri ke samaya paNDitA dAsI vahA~ phuNcii| usane sudarzana ko praNAma kiyA aura rAnI prabhayA ke jIvana kI rakSA karane kI prArthanA karane lgii| paNDitA ke vacanoM kA sudarzana para koI prabhAva nahI par3A / paNDitA ne yaha samasta vRttAnta rAnI prabhayA ko sunA diyaa| rAnI ne paNDitA ko puna: bhejA aura kahA ki gudarzana ko jabardastI uTAkara le maa| putale ke bahAne se sabako jijJAsA zAnta karatI huI paNDitA dhAya na sudarzana ko lekara mahala meM praveza kiyaa| rAnI ke prasAda na pahuMcakara paNDitA ne sudarzana ko gaDDhe meM DAla diyaa| yaha saba sthiti dekhakara sudarzana kiMkartavyamUr3ha ho gyaa| usane pratijJA kI ki yadi isa vRttAnta ke bAda merA jIvana zeSa rahA to maiM tapazcaraNa kruuNgaa|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke trAMta rAnI bhayAne sudarzana ke rUpa para mohita hokara aneka madhura bacana kahe; bhAMti-bhAMti kI kAmavegavoM meM maMlagna rahI / anta meM kruddha hokara sudarzana ko phaTakArA / punaH prabhayA ne sudarzana ko dhamakI dii| jaba sudarzana ke mana meM koI bhI antara nahIM pAyA, vaha jarA bhI vyAkula nahIM hupA, taba rAnI bahuta vyAkula ho gii| mudarzana ko uThAkara chor3ane ke lie jaise hI usane kadama bar3hAye ki prAtaHkAla ho gyaa| usane sudarzana ko punaH vistara para DAla diyaa| apane zarIra para nakhoM se prahAra kiyA aura chAtI pITakara kahane lagI ki isa baniye ne mere sundara aMgoM ko noca ddaalaa| 87 rAtI kI pukAra sunakara praneka vIrapuruSa dhanuSa bANa ityAdi lekara daur3a par3e / rAjA ko jaise hI yaha samAcAra jJAta humrA, usane apane sevakoM ko AjJA dI ki jAkara rAno kI rakSA karo, parapuruSa ko pakar3akara zIghra hI mAra DAlo / rAjA ke vacana sunakara madonmatta sevakoM ne sudarzana ko ghera liyA / yaha samAcAra jAnakara sudarzana kI patnI manoramA vilApa karatI huI usI sthala para pahuMca gaI / vaha apane anubhUta sukhoM kA smaraNa karake atyanta vyAkula ho rahI thI / kintu sudarzana kA apane samakSa hone vAlI ghaTanAoM se koI prayojana na thaa| usake mana meM vairAgya ko bhAvanA prabalatama rUpa dhAraNa kara rahI thI / isI samaya bhaToM ne sudarzana para talavAra ke prahAra karane zurU kara diye / itane meM hI eka vyantara ne prAkara sabhI bhaToM ko roka diyA aura talavAroM ke prahAroM ko mAlAyoM ke rUpa meM pariNata kara diyA / devagaNoM ne prAkAza se yuSpavRSTi kI / rAjA ne ukta samAcAra sunakara mora bhaToM ko bhejA / vyantara ne una bhaToM ko bhI bhayabhIta kara diyaa| anta meM kruddha hokara rAjA svayaM raNabhUmi meM pahu~ca gayA / rAjA kI evaM vyantara kI senAoM meM ghora saMgrAma huprA / vyantara kI mAyA se bhayabhIta hokara rAjA bhAgane lagA / taba vyantara ne usakA pIchA kiyA aura kahA ki terI rakSA kebala sudarzana kara sakatA hai / vyantara ke vacana sunakara rAjA sudarzana kI zaraNa meM gayA aura prANoM kI yAcanA karane lagA / sudarzana ne rAjA kI rakSA kI / vyantara ne sabhI sainikoM ko jIvita kara diyA praura rAjA ko rAnI kA sArA vRttAnta sunaayaa| taba rAjA bhaktipUrvaka sudarzana se kSamAyAcanA karane lgaa| sudarzana se kSamA prApta karake rAjA ne sudarzana ko prAdhA rAjya denA cAhA, kintu sudarzana ne rAjA kI isa prArthanA ko asvIkAra kara diyA / rAjA ke bahuta rokane para bhI sudarzana ne daMgambarI dIkSA dhAraNa kI icchA prakaTa kI / sudarzana kA nizcaya dRr3ha jAnakara rAjA ne usakI stuti kii| rAjA ke nagara me pahuMcane taka prabhayA ne rassI kA phaMdA banAkara vRkSa para laTakakara prAtmaghAta kara liyaa| marakara vaha pATaliputra nagara meM vyantarI huii| paNDitA bhI Darakara pATaliputra kI bhora bhAgI; mora vahA~ devadattA gaNikA ke yahA~ rahane lagI /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana tatpazcAt sudarzana apane putra ko apanA pada dekara bahuta se logoM ke sAtha jinamandira gayA / vahA~ usane jinendradeva kI stuti kii| isI bIca usane mandira meM vaiThe huye vimalavAhana muni ko dekhaa| usane muni ko praNAma karake unase apane anya janmoM ke viSaya meM puuchaa| munirAja ne batAyA : vindhya deza meM sthita kosala pradeza kI prajA ko trasta karane vAlA vyAghra nAma kA bhIla vindhya parvata para apanI strI kuraMgiNI ke sAtha rahatA thA / isa bhIla neM kosala ke rAjA ke senApati ko bhI parAjita kiyA / kintu rAjakumAra lokapAla ne usakA vadha kara diyaa| marakara bhIla vatsadeza meM eka gvAle kA kuttA huprA / kuraMgiNI marakara kAzIdeza meM bhaiMsa huii| kuttA marakara caMgapurI ke siMha kI priya sihI sA putra huprA / yahI marakara subhaga gvAlA huaa| subhagagvAlA namaskAra maMtra ke pariNAma svarUpa seTha sudarzana huprA / bhaiMsa marakara caMpAnagara ke zyAmala nAmaka dhobI kI yazomatI nAmaka strI se barisanI nAma kI putrI huii| vidhavA hokara usane vrata dhAraNa kara liyA / vahI marakara sudarzana kI priya strI manoramA huii| muni ne sudarzana ko batAyA ki vaha anantacatuSTaya evaM mokSa prApta karegA ghora manoramA deva manuSyoM ke sukha bhogakara mokSa prApta kregii| muni ne ukta vRttAnta sunakara sudarzana ko dharmopadeza diyA / 66 sudarzana ne muni ke bacana sunakara tapazcaraNa prArambha kara diyA / apanI strI aura sudarzana ke paraspara virodhI prAcaraNa ko dekhakara virakta rAjA ne apanA rAjya putra ko sauMpa diyA aura munIndra ko namaskAra karake usane digambara muni kA veza dhAraNa kara liyA / usakI sabhI rAniyoM ne bhI dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| sudarzana ne ina sabhI tyAgI janoM ke sAtha nagara meM bhikSAcaraNa kiyaa| tatpazcAt jinamambira jAkara apane guru kI prAjJAnusAra yogya prAcaraNa prArambha kara diyA / I udhara paNDitA ne devadattA vezyA ko sudarzana se sambandhita sArA vRttAnta sunAyA / devadattA ne kapilA ghora prabhayA ke vRttAnta jAnakara donoM kI haMsI ur3AI aura svayaM sudarzana ko tapobhraSTa karane kI pratijJA kI / 1 isI bIca ghUmate hue sudarzana pATaliputra pahu~ce / cabalagRha para car3hI huI paNDita ne unheM dekhA to devadattA ko bhI unake darzana karA diye / devadattA kI dAsI ne usakI prAjJA se sudarzana ko prAsAda ke nIce ThaharA diyaa| nirlipta sudarzana ke pAsa jAkara devadatA ne unheM sukhopabhoga ke lie grAmantrita kiyA / usane tIsa dina taka sudarzana muni ke prati taraha-taraha kI kAma ceSTAeM kiiN| anta meM nirAza hokara muni ko zmazAna meM jAkara chor3a diyaa| muni ina saba kriyAdhoM ke prati taTastha hI rhe| sudarzana muni tapa kara hI rahe the ki bihAra kI icchA se nikalI huI eka vyantarI kA vimAna unake Ukra sthita ho gayA / phalasvarUpa vaha bahuta kruddha huI /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyagrabhyoM ke khota ke zmazAna meM baiThe hue muni ko dekhakara use apane pUrvajanma kI yAda prA gii| prata usane munipara ghora upavarga karanA prArambha kara diyaa| sudarzana muni para ina bIra upasargoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3A / isI samaya sudarzana kI rahane bhI rakSA karane vAlA vyantara vahA~ pahu~ca gayA / upakAra kA paraspara ghora yuddha huprA / manta meM vyantarI Darakara bhAga gii| munivara sudarzana punaH jinacaraNoM kA smaraNa karane lage / isa ghaTanA ke bAda sAtaveM dina ghAtiyA karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne para sudarzana ko jJAna kI prApti huI / isa zubha avasara para surendra prapane gajendra para car3hakara sudarzana ke pAsa aayaa| usane muni kI stuti kii| kubera ne samavasaraNa maNDapa kI racanA kii| usake madhya meM kevajI bhagavAn sudarzana bhadrapITha para prAsIna hue| logoM kI icchAnusAra unhoMne upadeza diye / vyantarI ne muni kI prAjJA se samyaktva dhAraNa kara liyaa| paNDitA zrIra devadattA ne bhI tapazcaraNa dhAraNa kara liyaa| manoramA ne jaba sunA ki sudarzana ko kevalyajJAna kI prApti ho gaI hai, taba vaha bhI ghara chor3akara prArthikA ho gii| pranta meM devaloka ko gii| sudarzana ko pauSa mAsa kI paMcamI tithi ko somavAra ke dina mokSa ko prApta ho gaI / gautama gaNadhara se yaha vRttAnta sunakara magadhezvara zreNika ne bhagavAn ko praNAma kiyA aura rAjaprasAda loTa mAyA / " youtoonerate meM varNita 'subhagagopAlavara sudarzana seTha kathA' kA sArAMza isa kathA meM 'sudaMsaNacariu' kI kathA se kevala itanA hI antara haiM ki isameM gvAlA rAta bhara munirAja ke pAsa baiThakara unakI sevA karatA rhaa| zeSa kathA susaraNacariu' ke hI samAna hai / 3 brahmacArI nemidasa viracita 'prArAdhanA kathAkoza' meM varNita 'paMcanamaskAranama prabhAva kamA isa kathA meM sukAnta janma vRtAnta prora kapila brAhmaNa evaM usakI patnI kapilA kA vRttAnta nahIM hai / pUrvagranthoM meM dvArapAloM ko vaza meM karane ke lie sAta putaloM kA varNana hai / parantu isameM eka hI putale kA ullekha prAyA hai / zeSakavA 'bRhatkathAkoza' kI kathA ke samAna hai| bhaTTAraka sakamakIta viracita 'zrI sudarzana carita' isameM seTha bRSabhadAsa evaM baiTha sAgarabasa dvArA sudarzana evaM manoramA ke 1. prA0 nayanaMdi viracita, 'sudaMsaNacarita' sandhi 1 se 12 taka / 2. rAmacandra mumukSu viracita, 'puNyAsavakathAkoza', 2|17viiN kathA / 3. brahmacArI nemiksa viracita, dhArAdhanA kathAkoza, 121,

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10 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya eka adhyayana vivAha ke lie kI gaI pUrvapratijJA kA varNana nahIM hai| isakI zeSa kaSA pUrvagranthoM ke hI samAna hai / " zrIvidyAnandaviracita 'sudarzana carita' - isa grantha kI kathA mI pUrvagranthoM ke samAna hai / spaSTa hai ki 'bRhatkathAkoza' prora 'sudaMsaNacariu' ke kathAnaka hI sudarzanodaya ke kathAnaka ke srota haiM / anya cAra grantha ina donoM kI anukRtimAtra haiN| prata: mUlakathA meM kavi ne kyA parivartana kiye haiM ? yaha dekhane ke lie inhIM donoM granthoM se 'sudarzanodaya' kI tulanA karanA ucita hogaa| sarvaprathama 'bRhatkathAkoza' mora 'sudarzanodaya' kI tulanA prastuta hai : bRhatkathA aura sudarzanodaya -- hariSeNAcAryakRta 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM varigata subhagagopAla kI kathA mora 'sudarzanodaya' kI kathA meM nimnalikhita bhinnatAyeM dRSTigocara hotI hai : (ka) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM rajA kA nAma dantivAhana evaM rAnI kA nAma zrabhayA hai / 3 'sudarzanodaya' meM inakA nAma kramazaH dhAtrIvAhana aura prabhayamatI hai / 4 (kha) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM seThAnI kA nAma jinadAsI hai|' 'sudarzanodaya' meM jinamati hai / (i) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM rAjA evaM seTha ke paricaya ke bAda seTha ke gvAle kA vRttAnta ti hai / 'sudarzanodaya' meM yaha vRttAnta muni ne sudarzana ke pUrvajanmoM kA varNana karate hue sunAyA hai / (gha) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM muni ke 'namo'rihaMtANaM' mantra ke uccAraNa ke pazcAt AkAzagamana kA varNana hai, para vaha 'sudarzanodaya' meM nahIM hai / ha 1. bhaTTAraka sakanakIrti viracitaM sudarzanacarita paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana, byAvara se prApta hastalipi kI pratilipi para grAdhArita / 2. zrIvidyAnandiviracita, sudarzanacarita, saMpAdaka DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina; bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI / 3. bRhatkathAkoza, 6011-2 4. sudarzanodaya, 138 - 40 5. bRhatkathAkoza, 60 3 6. sudarzanodaya, 2 / 4 7. bRhatkathAkoza, 60 / 4 5. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 18-22 6. bRhatkathAkoza, 60 / 10

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke srota (Ga) 'vRdayAkoga' meM seTha ne use jinanAma lene se rokA thA lekina 'sudarzanoda meM aimA ullekha nahIM miltaa| (ca) 'bRhatkathAkoza meM sabhI bhaMsoM ko vApisa lAne ke lie sudarzana ke nadI meM ka kA varNana hai.2 lekina 'sa.darzanodaya' meM eka hI bhaisa ko nikAlane ke lie samAna kA sarovara meM kUdane kA varNana hai / (cha) vRhatkayAkoza ke anusAra gvAlA kATha kI noka se zira meM coTa lagane ke kAraNa marA hai / 4 'sudarzanodaya' meM kATha kI noka se ghAyala kisI aMga vizeSa kA ullekha nahIM hai| (a) vRhatkayAkoza' ke anusAra jina dAsI ne garbhAvasthA ke pAMcaveM mahIne meM jinaprabana kI icchA vyakta kI.5 para sudarzanodaya' meM aisA varNana nahIM hai / (jha) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM manoramA ke mAtA-pitA kA nAma. kramazaH sAgarasenA pora sAgarasena banAyA gayA hai / 6 kintu 'sudarzanodaya' meM manoramA ke pitA kA nAma sAgaradata batAyA gayA hai aura mAtA kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| (tra) 'vRha kayAkoza' meM vivAha ke bAda sudarzana evaM manoramA ke putra sakAnta ke janma kA varNana hai, kintu 'sudarzanodaya' meM putrajanma kA ullekha nahIM hai| (Ta) 'vRkayAkoga' meM varNana hai ki sudarzana-manoramA kI putrotpatti ke bAda seTha vaSabhadAsa ne mamAdhigupta muni ke samIpa dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| 'sudarzanodaya' ke panusAra seTha nagara ke udyAna meM muni kA prAgamana sunakara parivAra sahita unake darzana karane jAtA hai, pIra unakA dharmopadeza sunakara dIkSA dhAraNa kara letA hai| (Tha) 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke anusAra sudarzana kA mitra kapila rAjA ke purohita kA patra thaa|'' 1. vRhatkathAkoza, 60 / 15 2. vahI, 60 / 16 3. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 26 4. bRhatkathAkoza 60 / 22 5. vahI, 60 / 23 6. vahI, 60 / 32 7. sudarzanodaya, 3134 8. bRhatkathAkoza, 6033 6. vahI, 60 / 35 10. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 1-14 11. bRhatkapAkoza, 6037

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana (3) 'bRhatkayAkoza' ke anusAra kapilA brAhmaNI ne sudarzana ko usakI hatyA kI dhamakI dI hai, kintu 'sudarzanodaya' meM aisA varNana nahIM miltaa| () 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM dAsI dvArA sAta putale banavAne kA varNana hai / kintu sadarzanodaya meM eka hI putalA banavAne kA varNana hai| (Na) 'vRhatkathAkoza' ke anusAra sudarzana ko prajeya jAnakara rAjA ne suvarNakamaloM se usakA svAgata kiyA aura prASA rAjya lene kA nivedana kiyaa| kintu 'sudarzanodaya' meM kevala rAjya lene kI prArthanA karane kA varNana hai| (ta) 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke anusAra rAjA pora sudarzana ke bArtAlApa ke bIca meM hI vimalavAhana nAmaka muni prAye; sudarzana kI yAcanA para unhoMne use daigambarI dIkSA de dii|' kintu 'sudarzanodaya' ke anusAra rAjA ko sampatti ThukarAkara sudarzana manoramA ke samIpa jAtA hai| tatpazcAt usase parAmarza karake dIkSA grahaNa karatA (gha) 'bRhatkayAkoza' ke anusAra sudarzana kI nizcalatA dekhakara nirAza devadattA use zmazAna meM chor3a pAtI hai| kintu 'sudarzanodaya' ke anusAra devaktA sudarzana kI har3atA dekhakara unase dharmopadeza kA bhAgraha karatI hai| (da) 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke anusAra paNDitA evaM devadattA sudarzana ke kaivalyajJAna ke pazcAt sudarzana se dharmopadeza sunakara zrAvaka dharma ko dhAraNa karatI hai| lekina 'sudarzanodaya' meM sudarzana se popadeza sunakara usakI kaMvalyajJAnaprApti ke pUrva hI saMyama dhAraNa karane kA varNana hai|" (gha) bahatkayAkoza' meM variNata bhyantarI (mabhayamatI) dvArA zrAvaka vrata ko dhAraNa karane kA varNana 'sudarzanodaya' meM nahIM hai| (na) bahatkayAkoza' meM gvAlA muni ke uccAraNa karane para maMtra kA jJAna prApta 1. bRhatkathAkoza, 6047 2. vahI, 6061 3. sudarzanodaya, 71 4. vRhatkapAkoza, 80023 5. sudarzanodaya, 8 / 13 6. bRhatkathAkoza, 60 / 130 7. sudarzanovaya, 8 / 14-32 8. bRhatkaSAkoza, 60 / 151 6. sudarzanodaya, 6 / 30-31 10. bRhatkathAkoza, 60 / 168 11. sudarzanodaya, 673-74 12. bRhatkabAkoSa, 6.139

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-andhoM ke srota karatA hai / ' 'sudarzanodaya' meM muni use maMtroccAraNa kA upadeza dete haiM / (1) bahatkayAkoza' meM bAda kI kathA meM manoramA kA varNana bilkula nahIM hai| sudarzanodaya' ke anusAra manoramA pati kA anukaraNa karatI huI hI prAyikA kA vrata dhAraNa kara letI hai| parivarSana(ka) 'sudarzanodA' meM varNita mAtA kA svapna darzana kA varNana bRhatkayAkoza' meM . nahIM hai| (3) 'sudarzanogya' meM vaNita manorapA evaM sudarzana ke pUrvajanmoM kA varNana' 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM nahIM hai| .. (ga) 'sudarzanodaya' meM variNata gvAle dvArA muni kI zItabAdhA dUra karane kA vRttAnta' bRhatkathAkoza' meM nahIM hai| (gha) 'sudarzanodaya' meM varNita sudarzana aura manoramA ke paraspara darzana ke phalasvarUpa utpanna prema kA varNana 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM nahIM hai| suraMgaNavariu aura sudarzanodaya * muni nayanaMdi viracita 'sudaMsaNacariu' sudarzanodaya' se nimnalikhita gatoM meM bhinna haiM : -- (ka) 'sudaMsaNacariu' meM varNita rAjA zreNika aura unake rAjaparivAra kA 'sudarzanodaya meM ullekha nahIM hai| (kha) 'sudaMmANa variu' meM seThAnI kA nAma prahaMdAsI hai, jabaki 'sudarzanodaya' meM jinamati hai| (ga) 'sudaMsaNacariu meM pAle kA vRttAnta kathA ke prArambha meM hai / ' 'sudarzanokya' meM yaha vRttAnta parvajanmavarNana ke prasaMga meM hai / 12 (gha) 'sudaMsaraNa pariu' meM bahuta sI gAyoM ke gaMgA nadI meM praviSTa hone kA varNana 1. bRhatkathAkoga, 6011-14 2. sudarzanodaya, 425 3. vahI, 8 / 27, 33.35 4. vahI, 2 / 10-16 5. vahI, 416-37 6. vahI, 4124 7. vahI, 3434.35 8. sudaMsaNacariu, 1, 21 1. vahI, 45 10. sudarzanodaya, 214 11. sadasaNacariu, 216-15 12. sudarzanodaya, 418, 22-27

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.. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana hai|' kintu 'sudarzanodaya' meM kevala eka bhaisa ke sarovara meM ghusane kA varNana (Ga) sadasaNacariu' ke anusAra nadI meM sthita Tha kI noka se hRdaya vidha ke kAraNa mRtyu ko prApta gvAle ne marane ke pahale seTha ke yahA~ putra rUpa meM utpanna hAna kI kAmanA kI, kintu sadarzanodaya' meM aimA ullekha nahIM miltaa| (ca) 'sudaMsaNacariu' meM sudarzana ke janma, vivAha evaM mokSa kI tithiyoM kA vistAra se ullekha hai / 'sudarzanodaya' meM isakA prabhAva hai| (cha) sadasaNacariu' ke anusAra munirAja ne seTha ke putra kA nAmakaraNa kiyA / 'sudarzanodaya' meM seTha ne svayaM putra kA nAmakaraNa kiyA / (ja) 'sudaMsaraNa cariu' ke anusAra vidyA prApti ke bAda madarzana solaha sAla kA thaa| para 'sudarzanodaya' meM sudarzana kI avasthA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / (jha) 'sudaMsaNacariu' meM ullikhita manoramA kI mAtA rAgarasenA kA 'sudarzanodaya' meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / / (a) 'sadasaNAcariu' ke anusAra sudarzana ne bAjAra meM jAne hue manoramA ko dekhaa| kintu 'sudarzanodaya' ke anusAra jinabhandira meM donoM kA prathama sAkSAtkAra humaa| (Ta) 'sudaMsaNa nariu' ke anusAra seTha sAgaradana aura saMTha vRSabhadAsa apanI putrI evaM putra ke vivAha ke lie paraspara vacanabaddha the|' 'sadarzanAya' ma mA tarNana nahIM hai| . (Tha) 'sudaMgaNacariu' meM ullikhita zrIdhara jyotiSI kA', 'sadA daya : ullekha nahIM miltaa| (Da) sadasaNacariu' ke anusAra seTha ke sAtha seThAnI ne bhI tapascara kiyaa| 1. sudasaraNa cariu, 2.14 2. sudarzanodaya, 4:26 3. sudaMsaraNa cariu. 2014 4. vahI, 313, 5 / 4, 12 / 6 5. bahI. 3 / 6. sudarzanodaya, 315 7. sudaMsaNacariu, 36 8. vahI, 41 6. vahI, 3 / 3 5 / 4, 41 10. sudaMrzanodaya, 3.34.35 11. sa daMbhagAcariu, 5 / 2 12. vahI, 5 / 3 13. vahI, 6 / 20

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya granthoM ke srota kintu sudarzanodaya' me kevala meTha vRpabhadAsa ke hI dIkSita hone kA varNana haiM / ' (Dha) 'sadasacariu' ke anusAra kavitA sudarzana ke guNoM ko sunakara mohita ho gaI / kintu sudarzanodaya ke anusAra kapilA sudarzana ke guNoM ko dekhakara mohita huI, na ki usake guNoM ko sunakara 13 (Na) 'sumana' meM vAgata kapilA kI sakhI ke paMcamarAga gAne kA sudarzanodaya meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / 5 (ta) 'subaM maraNacariu' meM sAta putaloM dvArA dAsI ke sAtoM dvArapAloM ke vaza meM karane kA varNana hai / (ba) 'mugAcaritra' meM ullikhita sudarzana ke apazakunoM kA 'sudarzanodaya meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / (da) 'sumana' meM dAsI ke sudarzana ke pAsa do bAra jAne kA varNana hai / 'sudarzanovya' ke anusAra dAsI eka hI bAra sudarzana ke pAsa gaI aura use rAnI ke pAsa le aaii| (a) sudaMrAcariu' meM rAnI ne apane zarIra ko nakhoM se kSata-vikSata karake sudarzana kodo jabaki sudarzanodaya' meM nakhakSata banA lene kA ullekha nahIM 10 hai / (ta) 'nudaMsaNacariu' meM varNita vyantara dvArA sudarzana kI rakSA kA vRttAnta' 'sudarzanodaya' meM nahIM hai ! se (pa) 'sugArina' meM rAjA vyantara se vAstavikatA ko jAnakara kSamAyAcanA karatA hai / 12 sudarzanodaya' meM rAjA zrAkAzavANI se vAstavikatA kA jJAna zApta karatA hai hai| 1. sudarzanodaya, 4:14 2. sudaMmaNacariu, 72 3. sudarzanoda 5 / 1 4. sudaMgAcariu 7 / 2 65 5. vahI, 8110 6. sudarzanodaya, 7 / 1 7. sudaM nAcariu 8 / 15 vahI 820-22 8. 6. sudarzanodaya, 1136 10. sudaMsaNacariu, 8, 34 19. vahI, 8 / 143, 61-18 12 . vahI, 6 / 18 13. sudarzanodaya, 8 - 10

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya -eka adhyayana (pha) 'surasaNacariu' meM varNita pUrvajanmoM ke prasaMga meM bhIla se sambaDa rAjA bhUmipAla kA varNana' 'sudarzanodaya' meM nahIM hai| (ba) sudaMsaNacariu' meM prabhayAvRtAnta ke bAda sudarzana vimalavAhana muni se apane pUrvajanmoM ke viSaya meM jAnatA hai / 'sudarzanodaya' meM yaha ghaTanA seTha vRSabhavAsa ke dIkSita hone ke bAda kI hai| (ma) sadasaraNacarita' meM rAjA evaM anya logoM ke sadarzana ke prAcaraNa se prabhAvita hokara dIkSA grahaNa karane kA varNana hai / para 'sudarzanodaya' meM isa ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai| (4) 'sudaMsaraNacariu' ke anusAra devadattA vezyA apane prayAsa meM asaphala hokara sudarzana ko punaH zmazAna meM chor3a paaii| paNDitA ke sAtha usake tapa taba grahaNa kiyA, jaba sudarzana ko kaivalya kI prApti ho gii| sudarzanodaya' ke anusAra sudarzana kI dRr3hatA se prabhAvita hokara vezyA ne apane kukRtyoM ko nindA kI aura paNDitA ke sAtha sudarzana se dIkSA grahaNa kii| (ya) 'sudaMsaNacariu' ke anusAra pramatA ke bhyantarI rUpa se uso vyantara ne puna: sudarzana kI rakSA ko, jisane rAjA bArA vadha karavAte samaya usakI rakSA kI thii| kintu 'sudarzanodaya' ke anusAra madarzana abhayamatI dvArA kiye gaye uparAgoM ko mahana karate rhe| (ra) 'sudaMsaraNa cariu' ke anusAra sudarzana ke lie indra dvArA samavazaraNa maNapa-nirmANa varNana 'sudarzanodaya' meM nahIM hai| (la) sadasaNacariu' meM nyantarI ke samyaktvadhAraNa kA ullekha hai| kintu 'suvarzanodaya' meM aisA ullekha nahIM hai| (va) 'susaMsaraNacarita' meM varNana hai ki manoramA sadarzana ke kaivalyajJAna kI prApti ke gAva mAyikA bnii|' 1 sa darzanodaya' ke anusAra sudarzana dvArA tapazcaraNa kI imbA 1. sudaMsaraNacariu, 104 2. vahI, 104 3. sudarzanodaya, 416 4. sadasaraNacariu, 111 5. vahI, 11111, 1226 6. sudarzanodaya, 6 / 30,74 7. sadasaNacarita, 19612-22 8. sudarzanodaya, 676-83 1. sudaMsaraNacariu, 1263 10. vahI. 12 / 5-6 11. vahI, 12 // 6

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke srota 27 prakaTa karane ke bAda manoramA bhI usake dIkSita hone para prAvikA gharma meM daukSitA ho gaI / ' 3 (za) 'sudaMsaraNacariu' kA kathAnaka punaH rAjA zreNika ke ullekha se samApta humA hai / 'sudarzanodaya' ke kathAnaka kI samApti sudarzana muni kI mokSaprApti ke ullekha se huI hai| parivardhana uparyukta parivartanoM ke pratirikta kavi ne 'sudarzanodaya' meM thor3A sA kintu mahatvapUrNa parivardhana bhI kiyA hai / 'sudarzanodaya' ke srota ke rUpa meM hamane jina chaH thoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM kisI meM bhI 'sahasradalakamalavRttAnta' nahIM hai / yaha vRttAnta kebala 'sudarzanodaya' meM hI milatA hai / 4 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' kathAnaka ke srota ke rUpa meM 'vRhatkathAkoza meM bariMgata 'zrIbhUtipurohitakacAnaka' mora 'ArAdhanA kathAkoza' meM variNata 'zrIbhUteH kathA' ullekhanIya haiM / sarvaprathama 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM bhAe hue kathAnaka kA sArAMza prastuta hai x x x x x jambUdvIpa meM vidyamAna bharatakSetra meM sthita siMhapura meM sihasena nAmaka rAjA rAjya karanA thA / usakI patnI kA nAma rAmadattA thaa| isa rAjA kA zrIbhUti nAma kA purohita thA, purohita kI strI kA nAma zrIdatta thA / bharatakSetra meM hI sthita padyakhaNDanagara meM sumitra nAmaka vaizya apanI strI sumitradattA ke sAtha rahatA thA, usake putra kA nAma thA sumitradata | eka bAra dhanArjana kI icchA se ve saba siMhapura prAye / vahIM zrIbhUti kI satyavAditA ke viSaya meM sunakara apane divya mariNa ratna sauMpakara ghora apanA dhana kisI vaizya ke yahA~ rakhakara punaH sabhI padmakhaNDapura loTa gaye / kucha dinoM ke pazcAt sumitra prapane putra aura mitroM ke sAtha ratnadvIpa gyaa| samudra meM tUphAna nA jAne ke kAraNa sabhI vaizya to mRtyu ko prApta ho gae, kintu sumitradatta usa upadrava se bacakara siMhapura pahu~cA / apane pitA kI bArtA usane apanI mAtA aura strI ko sunAI pitA ko jaladAna diyA; aura tatpazcAt zrIbhUti brAhmaNa ke pAsa gyaa| thor3I dera rukakara usane apane ratnoM kI poTalI maaNgii| usake vacana sunakara vANI ko prADambarayukta karake zrIbhUti ne usase kaha diyA ki maiM tumhAre ratnoM ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM 1. sudarzanodaya, 833-34 2. sudaMsaraNacariu 127 3. sudarzanodaya, 185-63 4. vahI. 4 / 18-22

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68 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ka kAvya-eka adhyayana jaantaa| zrIbhUti ke prabhAva ke kAraNa rAjA evaM puravAsiyoM ne bhI usakI bAta kA vizvAsa nahIM kiyaa| vyAkula hokara sumitradatta rAmadattA ke gRha ke nikaTa sthita pIpala ke vRkSa para rAtri ke anta meM car3hakara roja kahane lagA ki 'he rAjan ! tumhAre rAjya meM nivAsa karane vAle zrIbhUti ne mAMgane para bhI mere pA~ca ratna nahIM lauttaae| eka dina rAtri meM pati ke sAtha sotI huI rAmadattA ne usakI mAvAja sunakara rAjA se kahA ki yaha bAta maiM chaH mahInoM se suna rahI hai| prApa satyAsatya ko parIkSA karake batAIye ki ratna kisake hai ? rAmadattA ke vacana sunakara rAjA ne kaha diyA ki yaha pAgalapana ke kAraNa aisA kaha rahA hai| rAmadattA ke punaH prAgraha karane para rAjA ne zrIbhUti ko apane ghara bulAyA mora pUchA ki tumane isa vaizya ke ratna liye haiM athavA nahIM / rAjA ke vacana sunakara zrIbhUti ne ratnoM ke viSaya meM asvIkRti prakaTa kara dii| eka dina rAmadattA ke kahane se rAjA ne purohita ke sAtha dyUtakrIr3A kii| usa samaya rAnI ne purohita se vastu prApta karane ke lie usake abhijJAna ke prakSara pUMcha / abhijJAna ke akSara jAnakara rAnI kI dAsI buddhimatI brAhmaNI ke ghara gaI mora prabhijJAna kI sahAyatA se usane brAhmaNI se variNaka ke ratna mA~ge / usakI bAta sunakara brAhmaNI ne kaha diyA ki maiM una ratnoM ke viSaya meM nahIM jaantii| yUtakrIr3A meM yajJopavIta jItane para rAnI ne dAsI ko punaH zrIbhUti ke ghara bhejaa| dAsI ne brAhmaNI se kahA ki isa dUsarI pahicAna ko dekhakara ratna de do| taba bhI usane kaha diyA ki ve ratna to naSTa ho gae, na mAlUma kahAM gaye / tIsarI bAra dAsI zrIbhUti ke nAma se aMgUThI lAI aura bolI ki zrIbhUti ne kahA hai ki vaizya ke ratna mujhe de do| aMgUThI dekhakara pati para krodha karatI huI usakI strI ne pAMcoM ratna lAkara buddhimatI ke hAtha meM de die / buddhimatI ne ve saba ratna rAnI ko die| rAmavattA ne ve ratna lekara rAjA se yUtakrIr3A banda karane ko kaha diyaa| itakAroM ke cale jAne para rAnI ne rAjA ko pAMcoM ratna de die / tatpazcAt rAjA ne una ratnoM ko pranya ratnoM ke sAtha milAkara sumitradatta ko dikhAyA / sumitradatta ne unameM se apane hI ratna uThA lie| yaha dekhakara dhana curAne vAle zrIbhUtipurohita ko rAjA ne apane deza se bAhara nikAla diyaa| apamAnita zrIbhUti hRdaya phaTa jAne se mara gyaa| prAtaghyAna karake marane ke bAda vaha siMhasena rAjA ke hI bhaNDAra meM sarpa ke rUpa meM phuNcaa| zrIbhUti ke sthAna para rAjA ne dhammilla nAmaka brAhmaNa ko purohita kA pada de diyaa| isake bAda sumitradatta ne padmakhaNDapura jAkara sAdhuoM ko dAna diyA aura bolA ki maiM agale janma meM rAmadattA kA putra banUMgA / vimalakAntAra nAmaka parvata para jAkara varadharma muni ke samIpa usane tapasviyoM kA vrata dhAraNa kara liyaa| usakI

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke srota mAtA usake jainadharmAcaraNa se virodha karake marane ke bAda usI parvata para bhavAmaka vyAghrI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI / eka dina sumitradatta muni kI vandanA karane ke lie gayA, taba usa vyAghro ne usako khA liyA / tatpazcAt vaha rAjA siMhasena zraura rAmadattA ke putra sicandra ke nAma se utpanna huA / usake bhAI kA nAma pUrNacandra thA / eka dina rAjA siMhasena apanA dhana dekhane kI icchA se prapane bhaNDAra meM praviSTa huA, taba pUrva vaira ke kAraNa gandhana nAmaka sarpa (zrIbhUti ke jIva) ne kruddha hokara use Dasa liyA / vipa dUra karane ke lie garur3a-mantra kA jJAtA siMhapura meM bulAyA gayA / usane kAkodara ke mantroM se saba sarpoM ko bulAyA aura garur3amantra kI zakti se bAstavika aparAdhI ko pahacAna liyA aura kahA- yA to apanA viSa bApisa lo yA agnikuNDa meM praveza karo / ee isa samaya sarpa ko pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta yAda zrAyA / taba rAjA ke prati apane vara ke kAraNa usane agnikuNDa meM hI praveza kara liyA; zraura marakara kAlavana meM camarI mRga humA / rAjA siMhasena vindhyavana meM madasrAvI hAthI ke rUpa meM janmA / dhammilla nAmaka purohita bandara huprA / isake bAda siMhacandra siMhapura kA rAjA humA / podanapura meM pUrNacandra nAma kA rAjA thaa| unakI strI kA nAma hiraNyamatI yA / ye hI rAmadattA ke mAtA-pitA the / eka dina bhadrabAhu nAmaka guru se dharma ke viSaya meM jAnakara pUrNacandra zramaNa ho ge| dattakSAntikA prArthikA ke pAsa hiraNyamato bhI prAyikA ho gaI / hiraNyamatI ne apane pati pUrNacandra muni ko praNAma karake unase rAmadattA kA vRttAnta pUchA / pUrNacandra ne apanI putrI rAmadattA aura jAmAtA siMhasena kA sampUrNa vRttAnta sunA diyA / hiraNyamatI dattazAntikA ke sAtha rAmadattA ke samIpa phuNcii| rAmadattA ne mAtA ko dIkSA grahaNa kie hue dekhA, to usane bhI pravrajyA grahaNa kara lI / sihacandra ne bhI mAtA ke saMnyAsa lene para pUrNacandra ko rAjyabhAra dekara bhadrabAhu muni ke samIpa meM tapa kiyA aura cAraNa muni bana gayA / pUrNacandra rAjA banakara jinavAkyoM se vimukha ho gayA, taba rAmadattA ne siMhacandra se pUMchA ki pUrNacandra dharmAcaraNa kaba karegA ? to sicandra ne kahAisI bharatakSetra meM kauzala deza meM sthita vardhaka grAma meM mRgAyaNa nAma kA brAhmaNa thA / usakI patnI kA nAma mathurA thA / mRgAyaNa brAhmaNa marakara sAketa nagara meM rAjA pratibala ghora zrImatI kI putrI hiraNyamatikA ke rUpa meM utpanna huA / usakA vivAha podanapura ke nareza pUrNacandra ke sAtha huA / mathurA ne usakI putrI rAmadattA ke rUpa meM janma liyA / mRgAyaNa brAhmaNa ko varuNA nAma kI lar3akI ne tumhAre putra pUrNacandra ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| maiM hI pahale janma meM sumitradatta thaa| mere pitA siMhasena marakara hAthI ke rUpa meM janme / camarImRga' marakara vana meM -

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100 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana sapaM hamA / sarpa ne hAthI ko usa liyaa| vaha hAthI sahasrAra svarga meM zrIprabhAraNya vimAna meM zrIdhara nAma kA deva humA / pammilla jaba bandara ke rUpa meM utpanna humA to pasane zrIbhUti rUpa ko naSTa kara diyaa| bana meM vicaraNa karane vAle kirAtarAja ke sevaka eka bhIla ne hAthI ke mastaka se motI aura dAMta nikAlakara apane eka vazya mitra ko de diye / usane ve muktAeM aura hAthI dAMta tumhAre putra pUrNacandra ko diye haiN| hAthIdAMta kA upayoga to usane apanA palaMga banavAne meM kiyA hai aura motiyoM ko apane hAra meM DAla liyA hai| siMhacandra muni ke vacana sunakara rAmadattA apane putra ko dharmopadeza dene ke lie gii| pUrNacandra ne rAmavattA ke vacana sunakara zrAvaka dharma aMgIkRta kara liyA; paura anta meM vaha sahasrAra svarga ke veDUyaM vimAna meM deva huA / rAmadattA bhI svayaMprabha vimAna meM sUryaprabha deva ke rUpa meM utpanna huii| tapazcaraNa ke bAda siMhacandra greveyaka meM deva hmaa| sUryaprabha deva svarga se nikalakara bharatakSetra meM vijayA parvata ke dakSiNa meM sthita dharaNItilaka nagara meM pratibala rAjA aura rAnI suzIlA kI putrI zrIdharA ke rUpa meM utpanna huA / usakA vivAha kAlakapura ke sudarzana ke sAtha ho gayA / vaiDUrya vimAna bAlA deva usakI putrI yazodharA ke rUpa meM utpanna humaa| vijayAdha parvata kI uttarazreNI meM prabhAta nAmaka nagara hai| vahA~ sUryadatta nAmaka vidyAdharoM kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| yazodharA kA vivAha isI ke sAtha huprA / ina donoM kA razmivega nAma kA putra hmaa| isa putra ko rAjya sauMpakara sUryavatta ne municandra ke samIpa daigambarI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| zrIdharA pora yazodharA ne guNamatI prAyikA ke samIpa tapa karanA prArambha kara diyaa| eka bAra razmivega siddhakUTa meM sthita jinadeva ke pUjana hetu gyaa| vahAM para hariSacandra muni ke pAsa meM usane tapa kiyaa| eka bAra zrIdharA ke sAtha pazoparA usa muni ko praNAma karake vahIM baiTha gii| taba ajagara ke rUpa meM utpanna zrIbhUti ke jIva ne una tInoM ko khA liyaa| razmivega kApiSTha nAmaka sTA meM prakaMprabha nAmaka deva huaaa| donoM prAyikAyeM bhI marakara usI svarga meM devatA huii| ajagara ne duHja se yukta caturtha naraka ko prApta kiyaa| cakrapura meM aparAvita nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma sundarI thaa| siMhacandra ina donoM kA putra cakrAyuSa humA / usakI priyA kA nAma citramAlA thaa| praprabha nAmaka deva inake putra vajrAyudha ke rUpa meM utpanna humaa| yaha pUrvajanma meM siMhasena thaa| pRthvItilaka nagara meM ativega nAma kA rAjA thaa| usakI patnI priyaMkarA se rAmadattA ke jIva ne jo zrIparA ke rUpa meM utpanna huI thI, inakI putrI ratnamAlA ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| isakA vivAha pUrvajanma kI prIti ke kAraNa vajrAyudha se humA / yazoSarA ne inake putra ratnAyudha ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| vaha pUrvajanma meM

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM ke srota pUrNacandra thaa| cakrAyuSa ne apanI rAjyalakSmI vajrAyudha ko de dI mora svayaM jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lI, tatpazcAt mokSa prApta kara liyaa| x x x x x / ' prArASanAkathAkoza meM variNata 'zrImUteH kathA' kA sArAMza siMhapura meM rAjA siMhasena rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma rAmadattA thaa| unakA zrIbhUti nAma kA purohita thA, jisane satyavaktA ke rUpa meM apanI jhUThI prasiddhi phailA rakhI thii| . padmakhaNDapura meM sumitra nAmaka zreSTha vaizya rahatA thaa| usakI patnI sumimA ke garbha se samudradasa nAmaka putra kI utpatti huI thii| eka bAra vyApAra ke lie yA siMhapura gyaa| vahAM isane zrIbhUti ke pAsa apane pAMca ratna rakhakara ratnadvIpa ke lie prasthAna kiyA / samudra ke madhya meM pahu~cate hI jahAja ke TUTa jAne para bahuta se yAtrI mara gaye, kintu samudradatta kisI prakAra se bacakara siMhapura phuNcaa| usane zrIbhUti se apane rasna maaNgeN| dhana ke lobhI zrIbhUti ne usako pAgala batAkara usakI yAcanA asvIkRta kara dii| samudradatta ne bhI yaha zrIbhUti mere pAMca ratna nahIM de rahA hai, yaha bAta sAre nagara meM phailA dii| rAta ke samaya rAjamandira ke pAsa meM vaha chaH mahIne taka roja cillAkara ukta tathya doharAyA karatA thaa| usakA kathana sunakara rAmadattA siMhasena ke pAsa gaI / usane rAjA se kahA ki puruSa pAgala nahIM hai / tatpazcAt usa rAnI ne dyUtakrIr3A meM saMlagna zrIbhUti se kahA ki prAja mApane kyA khAyA hai ? usake batAne para rAnI ne apanI catura sevikA ko zrIbhUti kI strI ke pAsa bhejaa| lekina usane sevikA ko ratna nahIM diye / tatpazcAt rAnI ne zrIbhUti ke nAma se yukta aMgUThI jItakara punaH dAsI ko bhejA / lekina brAhmaNI ne una ratnoM ko lobha ke kAraNa nahIM diyaa| punaH zrIbhUti ke yajJopavIta ke sahAre dAsI ne ratna mAMgeM, taba urakara usane una ratnoM ko de diyaa| rAnI ne ve ratna rAjA ko dikhAye / rAjA siMhasena ne una ratnoM ko anya ratnoM se milAkara vaNivaputra samudradatta se kahA ki jo tumhAre ratna haiM, unheM le lo| samudradatta ne ratnoM meM se apane ratna uThA lie| siMhasena ne usake pAparaNa para prasanna hokara usako zreSThipada de diyaa| tatpazcAt zrIbhUti ke durAcaraNa se ruSTa rAjA ne dharmAdhikAriyoM se pUchA ki isako kyA daNDa diyA jAya? unakI sammati ke anusAra zrIbhUti kA saba dhana le liyA gayA; tosa pahalavAnoM ne usa para muSTiprahAra kiyA aura kAMse ke bartana meM rakhakara tAjA gobara khilAyA gyaa| nagaravAsiyoM se isa prakAra daNDita hokara zrIbhUti mantAna pUrvaka mraa| . uparyukta donoM granthoM meM varNita kathA ko jaba hama zrIjJAnasAgara dvArA 1 hariSeNAcAryaviracita bRhatkathAkoza, zrIbhUtikathAnakam, zloka saMsthA 28-185 2. brahmacArInemikttaviracita mArApanAkapAkoza, 2127

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya--eka adhyayana racita zrImamudradatta caritra ko kathA se milAte haiM to jJAta ho jAtA hai ki munizrI ne apane kAvya ke kathAnaka kA srota inhIM se liyA hai| praba dekhanA yaha hai ki kavi ne apane kAdhya meM ina donoM granthoM se kyA aura kitanA aMza parivartita pora parivadhita kiyA hai| sarvaprathama bRhatkathAkoza aura zrIsamudadattacaritra ko tulanA prastuta hai :vRhatkayAkoza aura samudradattacaritra (ka) 'vRhatkathAkoza' meM varNita saMjayanta muni se sambandhita ghaTanAmoM kA 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM prabhAva hai| (kha) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM siMhapura paura usake rAjA kA varNana pahale kiyA gayA hai| jabaki zrImamudradana traritra' meM padmakhaMNDapura aura usake nivAsI bhadramitra vaizya kA varNana pahale kiyA gayA hai| (ga) bRhankathAkoza' meM nAyaka eka sumitradatta hai, jabaki 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM bhaTamitra hai| (ca) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM sumitradatta kI mAtA kA nAma sumitradattA paura pitA kA nAma mumitrA hai / parantu 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM mAtA kA nAma sumitrA paura pitA kA nAma sudatta hai| (Ga) bRhatkathAkoza' ke anusAra sumitra saparivAra dhanArjana kI icchA se siMhapura mAyA / zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM bhadramitra pitA-mAtA kI prAjJA se dhanArjana ke lie ratnadIpa gyaa|' (ca) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM varNana milatA hai ki siMhapura prAkara unhoMne apane ratna zrIbhUti ko sauMpe, punaH sabhI vaizya pAkhaNDapura loTe / kucha dinoM ke bAda sumitra vaizya bahuta se mitroM ke sAtha ratnadvIpa ko gyaa| samudra meM tUphAna pAne ke kAraNa ve sabhI vaizya mRtyu ko prApta ho gaye, kevala sumitradatta ho bcaa| kintu 1. bRhatkathAkoza, 78 / 1-27, 186-260 / 2. vahI, 78 / 26 3. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 1126-30 4. bRhatkathAkoza, 78636 5. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 1130 6. bRhatkathAkoza, 78,26 7. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 1126 8. bRhatkathAkoza, 78 / 37 .. 9. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3 / 2-17 10. bRhatkathAkoza, 78 / 36-4

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta -kAvya-pranyoM ke srota zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM vaizyoM kI isa Akasmika mRtyu kA ullekha nahIM hai / pitu isameM varNana hai ki ratnadvIpa se ratna ajita karake bhadramitra siMhapura pahuMcA, vahA~ para zrIbhUti ko sAta ratna sauMpakara usakI sahamati se apane mAtA-pitA ko lene pahu~ca gayA aura unako lekara siMhapura mA gyaa|' (cha) 'vRhatkathAkoza' meM sumitradatta kI bhAryA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jo 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM nahIM hai| (ja) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM sumitradatta dvArA pAMca ratnoM ke sauMpane kA ullekha hai, para zrIsamudradattacaritra meM inakI saMkhyA sAta hai / (jha) bRhatkathAkoza' meM rAnI cha: mahInoM taka samitradatta kI pukAra sunatI rahI, taba usane satya kI khoja karane ke lie rAjA se nivedana kiyA, kintu zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM bhadramitra ke pukArane kI koI nizcita avadhi nahIM pAI gaI hai| (ba) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM rAjA ne zrIbhUti ko ghara bulAkara DAMTakara usase ratnoM ke viSaya meM pUMchA hai / lekina 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM kahIM bhI aisA ullekha nahIM hai / (Ta) bRhatkathAkoza' meM rAnI kI sammati para rAjA ne zrIbhUti ke sAtha jumA khelaa| lekina 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM rAnI rAmadattA ne rAjA ko darabAra lagAne ke lie kahA aura manAyAsa upasthita zrIbhUti ko apane sAtha zataraMja khelane meM lagA liyaa| (Tha) 'vRhatkathAkoza' meM varNana hai ki dyUtakrIr3A ke bIca meM zrIbhUti ke cihna ko jAnakara, phira yajJopavIta jItane para aura anta meM zrIbhUti kI nAmAMkita aMgUThI jItane para rAnI rAmadattA ne tInoM vastuproM ko apanI buddhimatI nAma kI vAsI dvArA zrIbhUti kI patnI zrIdattA ke pAsa bhejA / zrIdattA ne prathama do vastumoM ko dekhane para ratna nahIM diye kintu pati kI nAmAMkita aMmUThI dekhakara use vivaza hokara ratna dene pdd'e|' 'zrIsamudattacaritra' meM rAmadattA kI dAsI paura zrIbhUti kI patnI kA nAma 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3.24-27 2. bRhatkathAkoza, 78 / 46 3. vahI, 78155 4. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3 // 17 5. bRhatkabAkoza, 78156 6. vahI, 78164.65 7. bRhatkayAkoza, 7867 8. zrIsamudradattacariSa, 41 6. bRhatkapAkoza, 78 / 81-83

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104 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana batAyA gayA hai / dAsI ko zrIbhUti ke ghara tIna bAra nahIM bhejA gyaa| vaha eka hI bAra zataraMja meM jItI huI tInoM vastuoM ko lekara gaI pora mantrI jI ne ratna maMgAye haiM, aisA kahakara ratna mAMga laaii| vahA~ zrIbhUti kI patnI ke krodha kA bhI ulmesa (1) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM varNana hai ki rAnI ne caturAI se ratna pAkara rAjA se cUtakrIr3A samApta karane ko khaa| dyUtakAroM ke cale jAne ke bAda ekAnta meM usane rAjA ko ratna die / 'zrIsamudattacaritra' meM varNana hai ki rAnI ne ve ratna rAba-. darabAra meM pahuMcAye / (8) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM batAyA gayA hai ki dhana ke lobha meM zrIbhUti ko nirvAsana kA daNDa milA, kintu 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM kevala kaThora daNDa diye jAne kA varNana (Na) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM apane ratna pAne ke bAda sumitradatta ke parakhapura jAne kA varNana hai| kintu 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM dubArA pAkhaNDapura jAne kA varNana nahIM miltaa| (ta) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM paraNItilaka ke rAjA kA nAma pratibala hai, jabaki 'zrImamudradatta caritra' meM isakA nAma mAdityavega hai| (gha) 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke anusAra zrIparA kA vivAha kAlakapura ke rAjA sudarzana . sAtha huA hai| 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM alakApurI ke rAjA darzaka ke sAtha pIparA kA vivAha humA hai| (1) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM varNita yazodharA ke pati kA nAma sUryaprabha evaM usakI rAjaSAnI kA nAma prabhAtanagara hai|" 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM inakA nAma sUryAvataM maura bhAskarapura hai / 12 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 342-4 2. bRhatkaSAkoza, 7881-13 3. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 41 4. bRhatkathAkoza, 7888 5. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 44 6. bRhatkathAkoza, 7862 7. vahI, 78 / 155 8. bIsamudradattacaritra, 5317 6. bRhatkathAkoza, 78 / 156-157 10. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 220 11. bRhatkathAkoza, 78156-160 12. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 5222

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pranthoM ke srota (gha) vRhatkathAkoza' meM cakrAyuSa ke atirikta vajrAyudha evaM ratnAyudha ke vRttAnta bhI hai.' lekina 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM inakA kevala ullekha hai / pArASanAkathAkoza pora zrIsamudradattacaritra 'pArASanAphayAkoza' meM varNita zrIbhUteH kathA' paura zrIjJAnasAgara viracita 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM nimna bhinnatAyeM dRSTigocara hotI hai :(ka) 'mArAdhanAkathAkoza' meM kathA kevala rAjA dvArA zrIbhUti ke paNDita hone paura tatpazcAt usake mara jAne taka hai| 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM zrIbhUti se sambandhita sabhI pAtroM ke janma-janmAntaroM ke bhI varNana haiN|" (kha) 'pArASanAkavAkoza' meM nAyaka kA nAma samudradatta hai,5 javaki 'zrIsamudravattacaritra' meM isakA nAma bhadramitra hai|' (ga) 'pArAdhanAkapAkoza' meM ratnoM kI saMkhyA pAMca hai, jabaki 'zrIsamudradattapariva' meM sAta hai| (gha) 'mArAdhanAkayAkoza' meM samudradatta ke mitroM ke samudra meM DUba jAne para samudradatta ke bIvita raha jAne kA varNana hai| parantu 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM yaha varNana nahIM hai| () 'pArApanAkathAkoza' meM varNana hai ki samudradatta ne ratna Thaga liye jAne para chaH mahInoM taka pukAra kI pI, lekina 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM samaya kI kisI nizcita avadhi kA ullekha nahIM hai| (ca) 'pArApanAkathAkoza' meM rAmabattA cihna, aMgUThI mora pasopavIta ko kramazaH bhijavAtI hai, lekina zrIbhUti kI strI yajJopavIta dekhane para hI rala detI hai| kintu 'mIsamudradattacaritra' anusAra rAnI tInoM vastueM eka sAtha bhijavAkara ratna maMgA setI hai| 1. bRhatkayAkoza, 78186.245 2. zrIsamutpattacaritra, 6 / 24, 26 3. pArApanAkapAkoza, 27 / 1-31 4. bIsamAbatacaritra, tIsare se chaThe sagaM taka 5. mArApanAkapAkoza, 27 / 4 6. zrIsamudrAtacaritra, 1 // 30 7. pArApanAkavAkoza, 27.5 8. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3||1se 1. bhArApanAkapAkoza, 27 // 6 // 10. vahI, 27 / 10 11. vahI, 27 // 17-23 12. vahI, 272-1

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana (cha) 'mArAdhanAkathAkoza' meM zrIbhUti ko diye jAne vAle daNDoM kA nAmollekha hai| jabaki zrIsamudradattacaritra meM inakA nAmollekha nahIM hai| uparyukta parivartana ke atirikta kavi ne apane isa kAmya meM do parivardhana bhI kie haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM :(ka) zrIjJAmasAgara ne dhanArjana ke pUrva svAvalambana sambandhI kathA kA varNana kiyA hai, jo 'bRhatkathAkoza' evaM 'pArAdhanAkayAkoza' meM nahIM miltii| (kha) 'zrIsamudradattacarita' meM rAjA ne bhadrAmitra ko rAjaseTha kA pada diyA hai| kintu yaha varNana 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM nahIM hai| ___ 'dayodayacampU' kAvya ke kapAnaka kA srota DhUMDhate samaya hameM usakI kathA do sthaloM para dekhane ko milI hai. eka to hariSeNAcAryakRta 'bRhatkathAkoza' bhora dUsarI brahmacArI zrI nemidatta jI racita 'pArAdhanAkayAkoza' kI 'mRgasena dhIvara kI kathA' ke rUpa meN| sarvaprathama 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM varNita kathAnaka kA sArAMza prastuta hai 'avantI nAmaka deza meM ziprA nadI ke kinAre zizapA nAmaka machupoM ke grAma meM bhavadeva nAmaka machumA apanI strI bhavatrI ke sAtha rahatA thaa| unake putra kA nAma thA mRgasena / vahIM para somAsa nAmaka machumA aura usakI strI senA apanI putrI ghaNTA ke sAtha rahate the| mRgasena paura ghaNTA kA vivAha ho gyaa| pAzvanAtha jinendra ke mandira meM eka muni se dharmopadeza zravaNa karake mRgasena ne pratijJA kI ki jala meM sarvaprathama mAne vAlI machalI ko vaha chor3a degaa| tatpazcAt kandhoM meM jAla DAlakara vaha nadI ko tarapha calA gyaa| vahA~ jAkara jaise hI usane nadI meM jAla phailAyA, vaise hI eka bar3I machalI jAla meM phaMsa gii| usane usa machalI ko mukta kara diyA; aura punaH nadI meM bAla DAlA, taba bAra-bAra vahI machalI usake jAla meM phNsii| phalasvarUpa virakta hokara khAlI jAla ko kandhe para laTakAkara vaha ghara kI mora cala pdd'aa| usakI patnI ghaNTA ne pati ko khAlI hAtha mAtA humA dekhakara niSThura vacana khe| mRgasena ne use apanI pratimA ke viSaya meM samajhAyA aura kahA ki eka hI machalI cAra bAra jAla meM phaMsI, isIlie use mukta karake khAlI hAtha ghara mA gayA hai| ghaNTA ne usake samakSa mAjIvikA kI samasyA prastuta kI aura use ghara se bAhara nikAla diyaa| ghara se nikalakara vaha eka sUnI dharmazAlA meM phuNcaa| kucha dera bAba nihita hone para eka sarpa ke Dasane se usakI mRtyu ho gii| bhUkha se vyAkula ghaNTA dhIvarI bhI use khojatI huI vahIM pA gaI; bhora pati ke dvArA gRhIta ta kA anusaraNa karane kI icchA se usane sarpa ke bila meM hAtha mala diyaa| duSTa sarpa kATane meM usakI bhI mRtyu ho gii| 1. zrIsamudradatacaritra, dUsarA sarga / 2. vahA~ /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM ke srota 107 ujjayinI nagarI meM rAjA vRSabhadatta rAjya karatA thA; usakI rAnI kA nAma thA vRSabhadattA / usI rAjA ke rAjazreSThI kA nAma thA guNapAla | guNapAla kI guNazrI nAma kI patnI thii| ghaNTA dhIvarI ne inhIM donoM kI putrI viSA ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyaa| isI nagara meM zrIdatta nAma kA sArthavAha apanI strI zrImatI ke sAtha rahatA thA / mRgasena ne usake putra somadatta ke rUpa meM janma liyA / somadatta jaba garbha meM thA tabhI usake pitA kI mRtyu ho gii| bAlaka ke bar3hate-bar3hate usakA sampUrNa kula naSTa ho gayA / bhUkha se vyAkula somadatta eka dina bhojana kI icchA se guNapAla ke ghara pahu~cA / zreSThI ke bartanoM meM par3I huI jUThana ko usane khAnA prArambha kara diyaa| isI samaya eka muni prapane ziSyamuni ke sAtha vahA~ pahu~ce / somadatta kI sundara prAkRti ko dekhakara choTe muni ne bar3e muni se kahA ki yaha bAlaka zreSTha lakSaNoM se yukta hote hue bhI mAtA-pitA aura bandhunoM se rahita ho gayA hai aura kaTore meM par3I huI jUThana khA rahA hai| usake vacana sunakara bar3e muni ne kahA ki yaha bAlaka seTha guraNapAla kI sampUrNa sampatti kA svAmI hogaa| muni ke isa vAkya ko sunakara guNapAla vismita ho gayA aura muni ke vacana kI satyatA para vicAra karane lagA / tatpazcAt usane usa bAlaka ko mArane ke lie eka cANDAla ko bulAyA aura use ghana kA pralobhana bhI diyaa| cANDAla ne usakI bAta sunakara bAlaka ko uThAyA mora nadI ke kinAre gahana vana meM chor3a diyA prora loDakara usakI mRtyu kI ghoSaNA kara dii| nahAkara, nadI kA jala pIkara aura phala khAkara vaha bAlaka vRkSa ke nIce so gayA / thor3I dera bAda govinda gvAle ne vahA~ use sotA huA dekhaa| usa bAlaka ko dekhakara govinda ne prasannatApUrvaka ghara lAkara prapanI strI dhanazrI ko de diyA / dhanazrI use apane putra ke hI samAna pAlane lgii| dhIre-dhIre somadatta yuvaka huA / eka dina seTha guraNapAla vahA~ pahu~cA to somadatta ko dekhakara prAzvayaMcakita ho gayA / usane govinda se usake viSaya meM jijJAsA prakaTa kI / govinda ne somadatta kI apane putra ke rUpa meM ghoSaNA kara dii| taba guraNapAla ne kahA ki prapane putra ko jarA mere ghara bheja dIjie / gugapAla kI bAta sunakara govinda ne apane putra ko susajjita kiyA, taba seTha ne use eka patra dekara vidA kiyaa| usa patra meM guraNazrI ke lie prAdeza thA ki patravAhaka ko viSa de denA / patra lekara somadatta zIghratA se eka udyAna meM pahu~cakara eka vRkSa ke nIce so gayA / usI samaya vasantasenA nAma kI vezyA ne vahA~ prAkara usake gale meM par3e hue patra ko pddh'aa| patra ke viSaya kI prasaMgati kA vicAra karake usane patra meM sudhAra kara diyA ki patravAhaka ko apanI putrI viSA de denA / punaH patra ko somadatta ke gale meM DAlakara basantasenA zIghra ho apane uThakara guNapAla ke ghara gayA aura guNapAla ke ghara calI gaI / somadatta vahA~ se putra mahAbala ko usane patra de

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108 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya-eka adhyayana diyaa| mahAbala ne patra par3hakara mAtA evaM anya bAndhavoM se parAmarza karake zubha dina aura zubhanakSatra meM una donoM (viSA aura somadatta) kA vivAha bar3I dhUmadhAma se karane kA prAyojana kiyaa| varavadhU vedI meM baiThe hI the ki guNapAla apane ghara pahu~ca gyaa| vara mora vadhU ko dekhakara kroSa ke kAraNa dhUlighUsarita zarIra se hI bistara para leTa gyaa| pitA ko vistara para leTA humA dekhakara mahAbala ne nivedana kiyA ki yaha kArya ApakI icchA se sampanna kiyA jA rahA hai, prataH pApa mauna kyoM hai ? mahAbala kI bAta sunakara guNapAla bolA ki jaba taka maiM ghara meM nahIM . mAyA, taba taka tumane viSA kA vivAha kaise nizcita kiyA ? mahAbala ne uttara diyA ki pApakA patra par3hakara hI maiMne yaha vivAha nizcita kiyA hai / mahAbala kI bAta sunakara guNapAla atyadhika duHkhI humaa| guNadhI ko prAgraha karane para usane sampUrNa pUrvavRttAnta sunA diyaa| isake bAda sandhyAkAla meM dhUpapuSpAdi dekara guNapAla ne apane jAmAtA somadatta ko nAgamandira bhejaa| usako pakele jAtA humA dekhakara mahAbala ne usake hAtha se pUjA kI sAmagrI balapUrvaka lekara use vahIM roka diyA; mora svayaM nAgamandira kI ora cala pdd'aa| vahA~ pUjA kI sAmagrI lAne vAle yuvaka kI hatyA ke lie guNapAla ne eka cANDAla ko niyukta kara diyA thaa| mahAbala jaise hI nAgamandira pahuMcA, vaise hI cANDAla ne talavAra se usakI hatyA kara dii| . guNapAla jAmAtA ko jIvita dekhakara aura putra kI mRtyu kA samAcAra mAnakara mauna aura duHkhI ho gyaa| isake bAda guNapAla ne guNazrI se zatrurUpa jAmAtA ko mArane kA upAya puuchaa| usake bacana sunakara guNazrI ne pIghra hI viSamaya laDDU taiyAra kiye / usane apanI putrI viSA ko samajhAyA ki ye laDDU kevala apane pati ko denA, anya kisI vyakti ko nhiiN| aisA kahakara vaha bAhara calI gii| isake bAda hI bhUkha se vyAkula seTha gaNapAla ne viSA se kahA ki rAjakArya se mujhe rAjA ne bulAyA hai| prataH jo kucha bhojana hai, vahI mujhe de do| usake pacana sunakara viSA ne zIghra hI viSayukta laDDu khAne ko de die / phalasvarUpa guNapAla kI mRtyu ho gii| pati kI mRtyu se zokAkula guNazrI ne bhI una laDDuoM ko bAkara mRtyu ko prApta kara liyaa| . isa ghaTanA ke bAda rAjA ne somadatta ko pAsa bulAyA; apanI putrI, apanA bhASA rAjya, guNapAla kA dhana evaM rAjazreSThI kA pada use de diyaa| rAjazreSThI ne nagara meM sukhapUrvaka bhogoM kA anubhava kiyaa| ____ suketu mUri nAmaka muni ko pAhAra ityAdi se satahata karake unase dharmopadeza pUrvajanma ke vRttAnta ityAdi ke viSaya meM sunaa| tatpazcAt vaha tapakaraNa karane lgaa| pAroM prakAra kI pArApanAmoM kA sampAdana karake somadatta muni ne sarvArSa, siri ko prApta kiyaa|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pranyoM ke srota 106 isa prakAra eka machalI ko dayA ke kAraNa cAra bAra mukti dene se somadatta ke janma meM mugasena dhIvara ne bhI cAra bAra dayA prApta kii|' pArApanAkapAkoza meM pariNata mRgasena dhIvara kI kathA prabantI pradeza meM zirISa nAmaka grAma meM mRSasena nAmaka machupA rahatA thaa| eka bAra kandhe para jAla laTakAkara vaha machaliyAM pakar3ane ke lie ziprA nadI ko gyaa| mArga meM usane yazopara nAmaka munirAja ke darzana kie / unako dekhakara jAla ityAdi bor3akara usane unheM bhaktipUrvaka praNAma kiyaa| usane kisI niyama ke papadeza hetu nivedana kiyaa| muni ne usakI hiMsAtmaka vRtti kA vicAra karake usake dayApUrvaka kahA ki he mahAbhAga ! Aja se tumhAre jAla meM jo machalI sabase pahale pAe use chor3a denA / isa niyama ke sAtha hI tuma paMcanamaskAra mantra kA bhI dhyAna karanA / muni kA vAkya sunakara mugasena zIghra hI ziprA nadI para pahu~cA praura vrata ko smRtipUrvaka jAla ko jala meM DAlakara usane eka bar3I machalI pkdd'ii| muni ke sammata kI gaI pratijJA ke anusAra usane machalI ko cihnita karake punaH jala meM chor3a diyaa| isake bAda usane jAla phailAyA to vahI machalI jAla meM bAra-bAra bhaaii| isa prakAra jaba usane pAMca bAra machalI ko mukta kiyA, taba taka sUryAsta ho cukA thaa| mRgasena gurubacana ko smaraNa karatA humA ghara kI bhora claa| apane pati ko khAlI hAtha prAtA dekhakara usakI ghaNTA nAma kI strI ne usa para krodha prakaTa kiyA pora jhopar3I meM praveza karake zIghra hI dvAra banda kara diyaa| tatpazcAt mRgasena bAhara hI paMcanamaskAra mantra kA smaraNa karatA humA eka purAne kATha para so gyaa| rAtri meM usameM se eka sarpa ne nikalakara usake prANa hara liye / prAtaHkAsa ghaNTA use marA humA dekhakara atyadhika zokAkula ho gaI aura jisa pavitra vrata kA pAlana isane kiyA, maiM bhI usI kA pAlana kruuNgii| agale janma meM bhI yaha merA svAmI ho aisA nizcaya karake usane mugasena ke sAtha hI agni meM praveza kara liyaa| vizAlA nagarI meM vizvaMbhara nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma thA vimbaguNA / usI nagara meM guNapAla nAmaka seTha dhanazrI nAmaka seThAnI ke sAtha rahatA thaa| unakI sabandhu nAma kI putrI thii| usa dhanazrI ke garbha meM magasena ke jIva ne praveza kiyaa| rAjA vizvaMbhara ne apane mantriputra narmadharma ke lie guNapAla se usakI putrI subandhu kI yAcanA kii| kintu narmadharma ke durAdharaNa se bhayabhIta guNapAla ke hRdaya meM sabandhu ko dene kA sAhasa nahIM humA sarvasvanAza rokane kI icchA se guNapAla ne apanI gamiNI strI ko apane mitra zrIdatta seTha ke ghara ThaharA diyA aura putrI ko lekara cupacApa kauzAmbI nagara meM pahuMca gyaa| 1. hariSeNAcAryaviracita bRhatkathAkozaH 72vIM kyaa|

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112 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana isa vRttAnta ko jAnakara guNapAla kauzAmbI se ujjapinI nagarI mA gyaa| . isa prakAra panakIti kI apane pitA se bhI bheMTa ho gii| bhagavAn jinendra kI pUjA paura paropakAra meM usane sukha kA anubhava kiyaa| eka dina seTha guNapAla panakIrti evaM manaMgasenA bezyA sahita yazodhvaja nAma ke muni ke darzana karane ke lie gayA / guNapAla ne muni se panakIrti ke jIvana meM pAne vAle utthAna-patana ke viSaya meM jijJAsA prakaTa kii| muni ne batAyA ki pUrvajanma meM panakIti magasena dhIvara pA aura zrImatI usakI usa janma kI ghaNTA nAma kI strI po / jisa machalI ko isane pAMca bAra mukta kiyA thA, vahI isa janma meM manaMgasenA ke rUpa meM utpanna huI hai| muni mukha se ahiMsA kA phala evaM jainadharma kA upadeza sunakara ve saba janadharma meM rata ho gaye / dhanakIti, zrImatI mora panaMgasenA ne jAtismRti kI zakti ko prApta karake vairAgya dhAraNa kara liyaa| panakIti ne kezoM ko ukhAra riyA; pora jimadIkSA grahaNa kara lii| tapazcaraNa ke pazcAt yaha kevalI ho gayA bhora ukhane sarvArthasiddhi ke sakha ko prApta kiyaa| zrImatI paura pranaMgasenA ne bhI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura apane-apane pAcaraNa ke anusAra svarga prApta kiyaa| uparyakta granthoM meM pAye hue magasena dhIvara ke kathAnaka ko dekhane se zAta hotA hai ki zrIjJAnasAgara viracita 'dayodayasampU' kA kathAnaka 'vRhatkathAkoza' ke kapAnaka se pUrNa samAnatA rakhatA hai| cUMki 'pArAdhamAkavAkoza' meM isa kathAmaka kA atyadhika parivartita rUpa milatA hai / ataH vRhatkathAkoza' meM pariNata 'magasena dhIvara kI kaSA' ko hI 'dayodayacampU kA srota mAnanA cAhie, 'bhArApanAkapAkoza ko aba dekhanA yaha hai ki 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM pAI huI kathA meM mahAkavi ne kahA~-kahA~ parivartana kiyA hai :(ka) 'hatvayAkoza' meM magasena dhIvara mora ghaNTA dhIvarI ke mAtA-pitA kA ullekha hai, jo 'payAcampU' meM nahIM hai| () 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM kakSA kA prArambha bIbara ke vRttAnta se hI hotA hai, kintu 'yodayacampU' meM kathA kA prArambha ujjayinI nagarI ke rAjA ke varNana humA (1) 'vRhatkathAkoza' meM khAlI hAtha lauTe huI mRgasena dhobara se ghaNTA kA pAnupadrava 1. brahmacArI nemiratAta 'mArAdhanAkathAkoza', 2025 2. bRhatkathAkoza, 7222 3. vahI, 71 / 1-2 4. dayodayacampa, 1112

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pranthoM ke srota 111 pAkara dhanakIti zIghratA se gantavya kI mora cala pdd'aa| ujjayinI nagarI meM vaha eka mahAna mAnavana meM praviSTa humA / rAha kI thakAna ko dUra karane ke lie eka vRkSa ke nIce so gayA / thor3I dera bAda anaGgasenA vezyA vahAM AI; mora usane usa yuvaka ko sote hue dekhA / pUrvajanma ke upakAra ke kAraNa utpanna sneha ke vaza usane usake pAsa rakhe patra ko par3hakara usake akSaroM para vicAra kiyaa| tatpazcAt apane netra ke kAjala ko salAI meM lagAkara patra meM likhA-'merI bhAryA ! yadi tuma mujhase sneha karatI ho, paura putra mahAbala ! yadi tuma mujhe apanA pitA samajhate ho to merI apekSA ke vinA hI dhUma-dhAma se merI putrI zrImatI isako de denaa|' isa kArya ko karake punaH patra ko pUrvavat rakhakara calI gii| __ jaba dhanakoti sokara uThA to zrIdatta ke ghara jAkara usane vaha patra una mAtA-putra ko sauMpa diyA / zIghra hI usakA vivAha zrImatI ke sAtha ho gyaa| isa vRttAnta ko sunakara zrIdatta ne vyAkula mana se lauTakara nagara ke bAhara caNDikA ke mandira meM eka puruSa ko dhanakIti ke vadha ke lie niyukta kara diyaa| ghara pAkara usane dhanakoti se kahA ki mere ghara kI yaha rIti hai ki vivAha ke bAda lar3akA rAtri ke samaya meM kAtyAyanI ke mandira meM jAtA hai| aisA sunakara dhanakIti sahamati prakaTa karake pUjA kI sAmagrI lekara nikalA to nagara ke bAhara usake sAle ne use dekhA, mora pUchA ki isa samaya aMdherA ho jAne para Apa akele kahA~ jA rahe haiM ? usane batAyA ki mAtA kI prAjJA se durgA ke mandira meM jA rahA huuN| mahAbala ne dhanakIrti ko roka diyA aura svayaM mandira calA gyaa| ghanakIti to nirvAdha ghara pahu~ca gayA; aura mahAbala yamaloka ko gyaa| putrazoka se vihvala zrIdatta ne ekAnta meM apanI patnI se kahA ki yaha dhanakoti kisa prakAra mArA jAe ? usane kahA ki Apa cupa hI raheM, bhApakA vAMchita kArya maiM kruuNgii| tatpazcAt usane viSa malakara laDDU banAye aura apanI putrI se kahA ki ujjvala kAnti bAle laDDa apane pati ko denA mora zyAmavarNa vAle laDDU apane pitA ko denaa| putrI ko nirdeza dekara vaha zIghra hI snAna ke lie nadI ko calI gii| mAtA kI duzceSTA se anabhijJA zrImatI ne ujjvala kAnti vAlA laDDU apane pitA ko de diyA, usa laDDU ko khAte hI seTha zrIdatta kI mRtyu ho gii| . bhImatI kI mAtA vizAkhA ne ghara pAkara jaba svAmI ko jIvita nahIM dekhA; taba zokAkula hokara apane pati ke krUrakarma kI nindA kI; zrImatI ko prAzIrvAda diyA; aura svayaM bhI viSamaya laDDU khAkara yamaloka calI gii| isa prakAra pAMca bAra mRtyu ke mukha se bacakara dhanakIti sukhapUrvaka rahane lgaa| eka dina zubhamuhUrta meM vizvaMbhara ne apanI putrI dhanakIti ko de dI; mora use mahAThipada para mAsIna kiyaa|

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110 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana eka dina zrIdatta ke gRha meM zivagupta maura gupta nAmaka do muni prAye / zrIdatta ke gRha meM nivAsa karatI huI gAbhaNI dhanazrI ko dekhakara guptamuni ne jyeSTha muni se pUchA ki kauna duHkhadAyI putra isake garbha meM hai jisake kAraNa yaha strI itanI duHkhI dikhAI de rahI hai / unake vacana sunakara zivagupta ne gupta mani se kahA ki yaha seThAnI abhI to duHkhI dikhAI de rahI hai, lekina duHkha ke dina bIta jAne para isakA putra jainadharma kA dhurandhara hogaa| rAjazreSThI ke pada ko prApta karake vizvaMbhara rAjA kI kanyA kA pati hogaa| duSTa zrIdatta muni ke vacanoM ko sunakara garbhastha bAlaka ko mArane kI icchA karane lgaa| dhanadhI ne prasUtivelA meM putra ko janma diyaa| prasUti ke kaSTa se vaha mUcchita ho gii| yaha samAcAra pAkara zrIdatta ne ghara kI vRddha striyoM se yaha ghoSaNA karA dI ki marA humA bAlaka utpanna huaA hai; aura sadyojAta zizu ko vatha hetu eka pANDAla ke hAthoM meM sauMpa diyaa| cANDAla ne usa bAlaka ke vyaktitva se prabhAvita hokara use mArane ke badale ekAnta sthAna meM chor3a diyA aura ghara calA gyaa| zrIdatta kA bahanoI seTha indradatta ghUmatA huA usI sthAna para pahuMcA / gvAloM kI bAtoM se usa bAlaka kA samAcAra jAnakara niHsantAna hone ke kAraNa bAlaka ko prasannatApUrvaka uThA liyA aura ghara jAkara apanI strI rAdhA se usakA pAlana karane ko kaha diyA / apane putra kI utpatti kI ghoSaNA karake unhoMne mahAn utsavoM kI prAyojanA kii| zrIdatta ne jaba yaha samAcAra sunA to vaha indradatta ke ghara mAyA bhaura kaMpaTapUrvaka bahina ke sAtha usa bAlaka ko apane ghara le gyaa| bAlaka ko mArane kI icchA se usane usako eka cANDAla ko de diyaa| bAlaka kI rUpa-sampadA se draSita hokara cANDAla ne use ghane vRkSoM ke bIca ekAnta sthita nadI ke kinAre rakha diyA aura ghara calA gyaa| sanyAkAla meM usa bAlaka ko vahA~ dekhakara gvAloM ne use uThAkara gvAloM ke mukhiyA govinda ko de diyaa| putra kI icchA se govinda ne use ghara lAkara apanI strI sunandA ko sauMpa diyaa| unhoMne usa bAlaka kA nAma dhanakIti rakhA aura bare sneha se usakA pAlana kiyA / dhIre-dhIre vRddhi ko prApta karate hue dhanakIrti ko eka dina duSTa zrIdatta ne dekha liyaa| usakA vRttAnta jAnakara usane govinda se kahA ki mere ghara meM eka mAvazyaka kArya hai, ataH isa patra ko lekara apane putra ko bheja do| govina ne dhanakIti ko jAne kI svIkRti de dii| usa duSTa ne apane patra meM patra mahAbala ko sambodhita karate hue likhA thA ki isa kula kA nAza karane vAle vyakti ko avazya hI mAra denA / usa patra ko lekara pitA pora seTha kI anumati

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM kA srota 5 saMkSipta hai, kintu dayodayacampU' meM yaha vistRta hai / 3 (gha) 'vRhatkathAkAza' meM varNana hai ki mRgasena ko marA huA dekhakara ghaMTA ghIvarI ne usake bhArga kA anusaraNa karane ke lie sarpa ke bila meM hAtha DAlA, kintu 'dayodayacampU' meM varNana hai ki jaise hI ghaNTA ne pati kA anusaraNa karane kA vicAra niyA, vaise hI jisa sarpa ne mRgasena ko DasA thA, usI ne ghaMTA ko bhI usa liyA / * (Ga) 'vRhatkathAkoza' meM ullikhita hai ki guraNapAla ne govinda se kahA ki vaha Avazyaka kArya se somadatta ko usake ghara bheja de, kintu 'dayodayacampU' meM vaha somadatta se pUchatA hai ki prAvazyaka kArya se kisako ghara bhejA jAya, laba somadatta kaha detA hai ki maiM hI calA jAU~gA / 6 (ca) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM varNana hai ki viSA aura somadatta ke vivAha kA kArya jisa dina sampanna honA thA, guNapAla usI dina apane ghara mrA dhamakA; aura apane putra para krodhita huprA, 7 kintu 'dayAdayacampU' meM jaba guNapAla ko viSA aura somadatta ke vivAha kA samAcAra jJAta hotA hai, usa samaya vaha govinda gvAle ke ghara meM hI hotA hai / govinda vAle ke jijJAsAM karane para UparI taura para prasannatA prakaTa karake use una donoM ke vivAha kI sUcanA detA hai / ghara lauTakara putra para patnI se bAta banAte hue kahatA hai ki tuma logoM se to isa vivAha ke sambandha meM svIkRti mAMgI thI, kArya sampanna karane ko nahIM kahA thaa| 5 (cha) 'bRhatkathAko' meM nAgamandira vRttAnta ke para apanI vyAkulatA kA kAraNa batA detA hai, nAgamandira ke bAda kA hai / 10 113 pahale hI guNapAla, guraNazrI ke prAgraha kintu 'dayodayacampU' meM yaha vRttanti (ja) 'bRhatkathAkoza' meM varNana hai ki guNazrI putrI ko nirdeza detI hai ki ye laDDU kevala apane pati ko hI denA, anya kisI ko nahIM, 11 kintu ' dayodayacampU' meM 1. bRhatkathAkodA, 71 / 15- 23 2. dayodayacampU, 2 zloka 7 ke bAda se zloka 23 ke pUrva taka / 3. bRhatkathAkoza, 72/76 4. dayodayacampU, 2 zloka 32 ke pUrva se zloka 33 ke bAda taka / 5. bRhatkathAkoza, 72 / 57 6. dayodayacampU, 4 zloka ke bAda ke gadyabhAga / bRhatkathAkoza, 72|76 = 1 6) dayodayacampU 5 prArambha ke gadyabhAga evaM 1 se 6 zloka taka / 6. bRhatkathAkoza, 7284-87 10. dayodayacampU, 6 prArambha kA gadyabhAga evaM 1 se 3 zloka taka / 11. bRhatkathAkoza, 72 / 66-67

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mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka sampayana mukhapI mahU to banAtI hai, kintu putrI ko inake viSaya meM koI nirdeza nahIM . (ka) 'buharakacAkoza' meM somadatta ko upadeza dene vAle muni kA nAma suketusari batAyA gayA hai| kintu dayodayacampU' meM RSi kA nAma nahIM milatA hai| . . uparyukta parivartanoM ke pratirikta kavi ne 'yodayacampU meM tIna parivardhana bhI kiye hai, jo isa prakAra haiM:(6) 'dayodayabampU meM somavatta ko zikSA kA bhI ullekha hai', vo 'bahakamAkoza'. meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| .. (8) 'dayodayabampU' meM viSA vivAha ke pUrva hI somadatta kA darzana karake usa para mAsakta ho jAtI hai, para 'vRhatkathAkoza' meM aisA prasaMga nahIM hai| (ba) 'yodayacampU' meM varNana hai ki jaba somadatta nAgamandira kA rahA thA, usa samaya mahAbala prAyavAlakoM ke sAtha gullI-baNDA khela rahA thaa| somadatta ko prAtA humA dekhakara usane somadatta ko krIr3A meM apane sthAna para niyukta kiyA aura svayaM pUja sAmagrI mekara mandira calA gyaa| kintu bRhattAmAkoza' meM isa sema kA ulle __spaSTa hai ki ye parivartana evaM parikdhana kAsyAsvAra meM sahayatA mAne meM sahAyaka siddha hue haiN| (5) sArAMza . . uparNata kveivana se spaSTa hai ki kavi ke kAvyoM ke mUlasrota ke rUpa meM kaH anya sAmane pAte hai-mahApurANa, vRhatkavAkoza, pArAdhanAkapAkoza, sudaMsaNacarika, puNyAlA kapAkoza pora sudrshncrit| vivara ke bayodaya evaM vIroya. mahAkAyoM ke kapAnaka kA srota mahApurANa hai| sudarzana ke kathAnaka kA srota vRhakamA ke atirikta pArAdhanA kathAkoza, sudaMsakhacarika, puNyAlayakavAkoza aura suvarzanaparita nAmaka pAra grantha haiM; evaM anya donoM-zrIsamudradattacaritra aura bokyaca. kAyoM ke srota bRhatkayAkoza porApanAkapAkoza-do grantha hai| mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara ne mUlakayA meM adhika parivartana kiyA hai / paurANika mAsyAna ko mahAkAvya kA rUpa dene meM kavi ko saphalatA dilAne vAlA mahAkAmya 'pIrodaya' hai / yaha 'jayodaya' kI apekSA adhika rocaka bana gayA hai| sekaSi ne 1. dayodayacampa, 6 zloka 5 ke bAda kA gama bhAva / 2. baharakapAkoza, 726106 3. dayodayabampU, 4 zloka 6 evaM usake bAda kA mvmaan| 4. pahI. 4 zloka 14 ke pUrva kA gababhAva evaM 14-16 5. vahI 5 zloka 14 ke pUrva kA gbmaan|

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mahAkavimAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-pranyoM ke bota ronoM hI kAvyoM kI kapA kI prataH kaSAnoM ko haTAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| 'vIrodaya' mahAkAvya meM pariNata janmAbhiSeka.'mahApugaNa meM riNata janmAbhiSeka kI apekSA adhika rocaka hai| ___'sudarzanodaya kI kathA bina cha. granthoM meM milatI hai| unameM mUla srota 'brAtkaSAkoza hI hai| pranya granthakAroM ne isI ke mAdhAra para apanI racanAya prastuta kI haiM, kintu hamAre kavi ne ina racanAmoM se bhI kucha bAteM grahaNa kI haiM :- yathA sudarzanodaya' meM prArApanAkapAkoza' ke anusAra hI sukAnta kI utpatti evaM sAta putaloM kA varNana nahIM milatA, varan usameM pUrvajanmavRttAnta evaM pAMca svapnoM kA varNana muni nayanaMdi viracita 'sudaMsaNacariu' ke bhI anusAra hai / seTha vRSabhadAsa kA munidarzana bhI nayanaMdi ke anusAra hai| subhaga gvAle dvArA rAtabhara muni kI sevA kA varNana 'sudarzanodaya' ke samAna hI 'puNyAsava-kathAkoza' evaM sakalakoti viracita 'sudarzanacarita' meM bhI milatA hai| zrIjJAnasAgara ne 'bRhatkathAkoza' ke samAna hI apane isa kAvya meM antaHkathAnoM ko nahIM bar3hAyA hai| kathA ko kAvya rUpa meM pariNata karane meM unheM saphalatA milI hai| kavi dvArA kiye parivartanoM evaM parivardhanoM se kAvya meM paryApta rocakatA mA gaI hai| sAtha hI kAvya ke nAyaka kA sthAna bhI pAThaka ke samakSa UMcA ho gayA hai| zrIsamudradattacaritra' kA kayAsrota nissandeha 'bRhatkathAkoza' hI hai| 'mArAdhanAkathAkoza' kI kathA bhI isI ke prAdhAra para likhI gaI hai| kintu kavi ne bhadramitra ko rAjazreSThI banAne kA varNana 'pArAdhanA-kathAkoza' ke hI anusAra kiyA hai| isa kAmya ke madhyabhAga meM rocakatA kI kamI hai| 'yodayabampU' kAvya ke bhI kathAnaka kA bota 'bRhatkathAkoza' hI hai| koza kI kathA ko 'campUkAvya' ke rUpa meM pariNata karane meM kavi ko jo parivartana evaM parivana karane par3e haiM, unase kAvya meM rocakatA evaM nATakIyatA kA samAveza ho papi kavi ne apane kAgya mukhya rUpa se 'mahApurANa' evaM bRhatkathAkoza' ke hI pAdhAra para likhe haiM, tathApi hama aisA nahIM kaha sakate ki kavi kI kRtiyA~ ina donoM kI anurUtiyAM haiN| kavi ne apane varNanakozala, pralaMkAra-prayoga, janadarzanopadeza ityAdi se kavAyoM ko kAvya meM badala diyA hai| isa prakAra sAttvika abhiruci vAle pora dArzanika abhiravi vAle donoM hI prakAra ke pAThakoM ke lie sAmagrI juTAne meM kavi ko padbhuta saphalatA milI hai|

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caturtha adhyAya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvya-granthoM kI ___ kAvyazAstrIya vidhAe~ (ka) kAvya evaM kAvyavidhAe~ : eka saMkSipta paricaya kAvya 'kAvya' zabda kava dhAtu meM Nyat pratyaya ke yoga me niSpanna huaA hai| 'kava' kA tAtparya hai-- varNana karanA / isa prakAra kAvya zabda kA artha hai--kavikRta kisI padArtha kA sundara vrnnn| kimI bhI vyakti ke svarUpa kA jJAna karane ke lie hama usake nakha-zikha kA mAnovana karate haiN| isI prakAra kAvya kA kyA svarUpa hai ? yaha jAnane ke lie hameM usake pramukha aMgoM ke viSaya meM jAnanA cAhie / lIjie, aApake samakSa kAvya-puruSa ke aMgoM kA paricaya prastuta hai :zabda : kavi ko kisI padArtha kA varNana karate samaya sarvaprathama zabdAvalI kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai / varNana meM prayukta kiye jAne vAle zabda sArthaka hone caahieN| artha : kavi jaba kisI padArtha kA varNana karatA hai to usa varNana kA kucha na kucha prarSa avazya nikalatA hai / jaba cAhe yaha artha pAThaka kA manoraJjana kare yA use bauddhika vyAyAma kraaye| alaMkAra : puruSa prapane ko susajjita karane ke lie, apanI samRddhi-bahulatA ko prakaTa karane ke lie aura striyAM prAne saubhAgya ko sUcita karane ke liye kaTaka kuNDalahArAdi alaMkAroM kA upayoga karatI haiN| isI prakAra kavi apane pANDitya-pradarzana ke lie prAno kavitA-kAminI ko anuprAsa, upamA, zleSa ityAdi se susajjita karatA hai| eka yazasvI vyakti ke lie kuNDalAdi prAvazyaka nahIM, isI prakAra kavi ke kAvya kA bhAvapakSa prabala hone para kAgya ke lie upamA-anuprAsAdi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai|

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kAvyazAstrIya vidhAeM 117 chan puruSa ko gatizIla banAne kA mahatvapUrNa aura mUrta sAdhana haiM ---usake crnndvy| isI prakAra kAvya-puruSa kI gati avaruddha na ho, usameM pravAha hoisake lie kavi chandoM kA prAvalambana letA hai| gadya-kAvyoM meM isakI itanI prAvazyakatA nahIM hotI, kintu padya kAvya pUrNatayA inakA sahArA lekara likhA jAtA hai| chandoM ko isI mahattA ke kAraNa maharSi pANini ne chandoM ko vedoM kA caraNa kahA hai|' prAtmA (hRdaya) puruSa kevala apane zarIra ke bala para jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| use jIvita rakhane vAlI eka pramUrta zakti hai, aura vaha hai prAtmA / isI prakAra kAvya bhI kevala zabdArthamaya zarIra se grAhya nahIM bana sakatA aura na kevala chanda praura malakAra hI use grAhya banA sakate haiN| varan kAvya ko grAhya banAne ke liye bhI prAtma-zakti pAvazyaka hai-usa prAtmazakti ko hama sAhityika bhASA ma 'rasa' kahate haiN| isake vinA kAvya yA to niSprANa hotA hai, yA pAThaka ke bauddhika vyAyAma kA sAdhana / prataH buddhi praura sahAyatA se yukta acche puruSa ke samAna eka acchA kAvya bhI vahI mAnA jAtA hai jisameM buddhi-pakSa pora hRdaya-pakSa kA samanvaya ho / varya-viSaya pratyeka kAvya kA koI na koI varNya-viSaya hotA hai / cAhe kAvya kisI kathA para AdhArita ho, yA kisI kI bhakti para, yA deza-prema para / vayaM-viSaya na hone para kavi kisakA varNana karegA ? zailI puruSa apanA mukhya dhyeya prApta karane ke lie koI na koI mArga cunatA hai| kavi ke kAvya likhane kA mukhya uddezya hai - sadyaH prniti'| apane isa uddezya taka pahaMcane ke lie use kAvya meM koI na koI mArga cunanA par3atA hai| sAhitya meM isI mArga kA pracalita nAma hai shailii| guNa-doSa jisa prakAra manuSyoM meM guNa-doSa dekhane ko mila jAte haiM, usI prakAra kAvyoM meM bhI ye pAye jAte haiN| para jisa prakAra pUjya RSijana puruSa ko guNoM ko grahaNa karane kA aura doSoM se bacane kA upadeza dete haiM, usI prakAra sAhityazAstrI 1. chandaH pAdau tu vedasya hastI kalpo'pa paThyate / jyotiSAmayanaM cakSuniruktaM zrotramucyate / / fkSA prANaM tu vedasya mukhaM vyAkaraNaM smRtam / tasmAtsAGgamadhItyaiva brahmaloke mahIyate // -pANinIya zikSA, zloka 41 pora 42

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118 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke -eka vyaya bhI acche kavi ko yaha upadeza dete haiM ki vaha bhI yapA-sambhava apane kAma meM 'mAdhuryAdi guNoM kA prAdhAna kare, aura duSka matvAdi doSoM se bce| - merA vicAra hai ki uparyasta vivecana se kAvya kA svarUpa spaSTa ho gayA hogaa| aneka prAcIna kAvyAcAryoM ne kAvya ke eka se eka bar3hiyA lakSaNa kiye haiN| merA yaha uparyukta vivecana unhIM ke lakSaNoM kA sAra hai| prata: malaga se kAvya kA lakSaNa denA yaha prakaTa karegA ki mujhe una vidvAnoM kA lakSaNa mAnya nhiiN| yahA~ sabhI prAcAryoM ke lakSaNa na dekara kevala do pAcAryoM ke lakSaNa diye jA rahe 1. 'tadadoSI zabdArtho saguNAvanalaMkRtI puna: kvApi / -mammaTAcArya viracita kAvyaprakAza / 1. 'ramaNIyArthapratipAvakaH zabdaH kAvyam / ' -paNDitarAja jagannAva viracita rasagaMgAdhara, 111 kAmya-vidhAeM kAvya ke sarvaprathama do bheda hote haiM :--pahamA zya-kAmya aura dUsarA bhaya. kAvya / kya kAvya ve kAvya hote haiM jinheM raMgamaMca para abhinIta kiyA jAtA hai, bhora vyakti pAtroM ke abhinaya ko dekhakara rasAsvAdana karatA hai| razya-kAvya ke antargata nATaka, prakaraNa prAdi pAte haiN| zravya-kAvya ve kAvya hai, jinheM kevala sunA mora par3hA jAtA hai / vaktA sunAkara aura zrotA sunakara rasAnubhUti karate haiN| zya. kAvya ke 10 pramukha bheda hote haiM-1-nATaka, 2-prakaraNa, 3 - bhAraNa, 4-mAghoga, 5---samavakAra, 6-mi, 7-IhAmana, 8-graMka, -bIpI pora.1.prahasana / abhya-kAvya ke sarvaprathama tIna bheda kiye jAte haiM-1-pacAtmaka kAmya, 2. gadyAtmaka kAmya aura 3-gadyapadAtmaka kAvya / padyAtmaka kAvya ke do pramukha bheda haiM-1-mahAkAvya praura 2-khaNDakAvya / gaDAtmaka kAma ke bhI do pramukha bheda mAne gaye hai--kalA pora 2-prAsthAyikA . gadyapadyAtmaka kAmya ko bamyU-kAvya kahA jAtA hai| payapi kAmyAcAoM ne ina kAvyoM ke anya bhI bhedopabhedoM kI gaNanA kI hai, kintu yahAM apane zoSa-prabandha kI viSaya-vastu pora svarUpa kA vicAra karate hue maiMne kAya ke pramukha evaM pracalita bhedoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| inapramukha-pramukha kAvya-bhedoM kA dezAvita isa prakAra

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bAmbamAstrIya vidhAeM kAvya bakAvya (rUpaka) . nATaka | bhANa | samavakAra | IhAmaga | vISI - prakaraNa vyAyoga-hima aNk| prahasana gayakAvya pacakAvya mayapamitikAmya kapA mAsyApikA mahAkAvyapakAya (kha) kavi ke saMskRta-kAvya evaM kAvya-zAstrIya vidhA : eka samanvaya mahAkavi zrImAnasAvara ne saMsAta-bhASA kA prAya lekara jina kRtiyoM kA praNayana kiyA, ve isa prakAra hai-1-jayodaya, 2-dhIrodaya, 3-sudarzanodaya, 4-bIsamudrastacaritra, 5-zyodaya, 6-munimanoraMjana zataka, 7-prabaMdhanasAra pora 8-sampatvasAra zataka / kAgya kA svarUpa dhyAna meM rakhate hue hama ina pATha racanAmoM meM se praSama cha ko saMskRta-kAgyoM kI goTi meMsa sakate haiN| aba dekhanA yaha hai ki ina saMskRtakAmpoM meM kona kAvya, kAma kI siviSA antargata pAtA hai| isa parIkSA hetu hama sarvaprathama payodaya ko hI mete hai:borava yaha eka mahAkAma hai| bhAratIya prAcArya kahAkAvya meM jina vizeSatAmoM kA honA pAvazyaka samajhate the, ve isa prakAra haiN| 1-kavAvastu sagaMbaDa honI cAhie aura sarva bhI pATha se adhika savAcita pAkAra pAne hone caahie| 2-prArambha meM pAzIrvAdAtmaka, namaskArAtmaka yA vastunirdezAtmaka maMgamAparaNa honA caahiye| 3-cAnaka itihAsa yA kisI sajjana se sambaDa honA cAhiye / ... 4-puruSArSa-patuSTaya meM se eka kI sidi karanI hI caahiye| -bhAvaka patura, jyAta paura cIna honA caahie|

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220 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana 6-nagara, samudra, parvata, Rtu, vana, candrodaya, candrAsta, mUryodaya. maryAna, sandhyA, rAtri, pradoSa. andhakAra, dina, madhyAhna, janakrADA. madhurA pramAtmava, magayA, viyoga, prema, vivAha, kumArotpatti, saMvAda, dUnA bhara para, magayA, nAyakAbhyudaya, muni yajJa ityAdi kA yathAvagara mundara yAna / ghiye| 7-zRGgAra. vIra pora zAnta rasoM meM se koI eka rama (praya na) honA cAhie, aura zeSa rasa usa praGgI rasa ke praGga (mahAmA) nA / 8-nATaka ke hI samAna paMcasandhiyoM (mukha, pratimukha, garbha, vimarza, upagaDhati) kA samAveza honA caahie| 6-prAyaH pUre sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga honA cAhiye, para sagaM ke anta meM chanda avazya badala jAnA caahie| 1.-pratyeka sarga ke anta meM agrima sarga meM prAne vAlI kathA ko sUcanA honI caahiye| 11-sarga kA nAmakaraNa usa sarga meM varNita kathA ke prAdhAra para karanA cAhiye / 12-kAvya ko lokaraMjaka evaM uttama alaMkAroM se alaMkRta honA caahie| 13-duSToM kI nindA paura sajjanoM kI prazaMsA honI cAhie / 14-mahAkAvya ko manohara banAne ke lie prAvazyaka hai ki nAyaka ke guNoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt usake dvArA usake zatrunoM ko parAjaya kA varNana ho| sAtha hI zatra ke bhI vaMza aura parAkrama kA varNana karanA cAhie, tAki yaha sira ho jAya ki nAyaka apane se hIna vyakti ko nahIM, apitu apane samAna hI balazAlI vyakti ko harAne meM samartha hai| 11-mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa kavi, kathAvastu, nAyaka yA anya kisI AdhAra para kiyA jAnA cAhiye / ' mahAkAvya ke uparyukta lakSaNoM meM se yadi koI lakSaNa mahAkAvya meM na ghaTe, para usakA pratipAdya acchA ho, usakA varNana sahRdaya ko sahaja hI prAkaSTa kara sake to bhI aise kAmya ko mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dainA ucita hI hogaa| ___ jayodaya ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa humA hai ki mahAkAvya kI ye sabhI vizeSatAyeM usameM pAI jAtI haiM, vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| 1. jayodaya kI kathAvastu 28 soM meM nibaddha hai| 1. (ka) bhAmaha, kAvyAlakAra 116-23 (kha) daNDI, kAvyAdarza, 1114-16 (1) vizvanAtha, sAhityadarpaNa, 6 / 315 ke uttarArdha se 325 ke pUrvArdha taka / 2. raDI, kAmyAvazaM, 1120-22

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ebaamiir biry 2. prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM kavi ne jinadeva kI vandanA kI hai| "zriyA zritaM sanmatimAtmayuktyAkhinajJamIzAnamapIti maktyA / - tanomi natvA jinapa subhaktyA jayodayaM svAmbhudayAya zaratyA / / - jayodaya, 11 3. jayodaya kA kathAnaka 'mahApurANa' meM kahe gaye jayakumAra aura sulocanA vRttAnta para sAdhArita hai| 4. jayodaya mahAkAzya meM dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa rUpa puruSArtha-catuSTaya kA bhI yathAsthAna varNana hai|' kAvya ke anta meM jayakumAra dvArA kI gaI tapasyA mokSarUpa puruSArtha ko siddha karatI hai / 2 . 5. jayodaya mahAkAvya ke nAyaka jayakumAra haiM / bharata cakravartI ke senApati kA pada unheM prApta hai| vaha kSatriyakulotpanna haiN| vaha bIrAdAtta aura catura haiN| usameM rAjanItijJatA, vArutA, buddhimattA, vitA, dhamikatA, aparAjeyatA mAdi zreSTha guNa vidyamAna haiN| 3. jayodaya meM vividha sthaloM kA aura vRttAntoM kA mundara varNana hai| isa mahAkAvya meM kavi ne kAzI, hastinApura, aura ayodhyA nAmaka nagaro kA yathAsthAna varNana kiyA hai| kavi ne apane isa mahAkAvya meM parvata, vana, sUryodaya, sUryAsta, candrodaya," candrAsta,12 prabhAta,13 sandhyA,4 andhakAra'5 pora rAtri ina sabhI kA manohArI varNana kiyA hai| 1. (ka) jayodaya, 24 // 5885 (ba) vahI, 10.13 sarga (ga) bahI, 26-28 sarga 2. vahI, 281-68 3. vahI, 6 / 114 4. vahI, 3130 5. vahI, 1916786 vahI, 2012-6 vahI, 24 // 2-57 vahI, 21141-64, 14 / 4-6 vahI, 18 / 1-32 10. vahI, 15 // 1-6 11. vahI, 19, 74-82 12. vahI, 1863 13. vahI, 18vAM sarga 14. vahI, 1253-37 15. vahI, 15 // 35-37 11. vahI, 15 // 38-1.8

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana banakor3A,' madhupAna, suratakrIr3A, vivAha, dUtAbhiyAna,' saMvAda' evaM tIrthayAtrA ityAdi bhI kavi dvArA kAmya meM varNita kiye gaye haiN| jayakumAra 'jayodaya' ke nAyaka hai| kavi ne isa mahAkAvya meM jayakumAra ke dvArA aneka bAra bAhya aura prAntarika vipattiyoM ke Upara prApta vijaya kA varNana kiyA hai| anta meM jayakumAra kI apane Upara vijaya dvArA kavi ne nAyakAbhyadaya ko aura bhI adhika mahattva pradAna kiyA hai|' prAyaH sabhI pArmika kAdhyoM meM RSi-muniyoM kA varNana avazya hI hotA hai| 'jayodaya' jainadharma para mAdhArita mahAkAvya hai| isameM do bAra muniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / sarvaprathama jaba jayakumAra vanakrIr3A ke liye jAte hai, taba vahA~ eka tapasvI pahuMcate haiM RSi-varNana se sambaddha dvitIya sthala vaha hai jahAM para putra kA rAjatilaka karane ke bAda jayakamAra RSabhadeva ke pAsa jAkara unase bImA kI yAcanA karate haiN|" uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'bayokya' vividhasvatIya varNana mora prasAntoM se suzobhita hai / kavi kA yaha vividha-varNana usakI sUkSma-darzana-zakti kA paricAyaka hai| .. jayodaya' mahAkAvya meM sthAna-sthAna para zraGgAra, bIra, aura zAnta rasoM kApaura bhaktibhAva'5 kA paripAka dekhane ko milatA hai| zraGgAra rasa, vIra rasa aura bhakti bhAvaM isa kAvya ke maMgorasa-zAntarasa-ko puSTa karane vAle haiN| 1. yodaya, 1417.69 2. bahI, 17vA sarga 3. vahI, 17vA. sarga 4. vahI 5, 6, 10, 11, 12sarga 1. vahI, 221-15, 16-73, 6 / 58-94 1. vahI, 7vA sarga 7. vahI, 24vA sarga 6. bahI, (ka) ahama saga / . (ba) 28vA sarva / 1. vahI, 2071 10. vahI, 1177 11. vahI, 26073-74 12. vahI, 22vA mora 28vA srg| 13. vahI, 185-115, 8yA sarva / 14. vahI, 25-28 srg| " vahI, 19SA sarva, 21

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kAvyazAstrIya vidhAe~ 123 8. jayodaya meM paMcasandhiyoM kA bhI nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| jayodaya ke prathama sarga meM ataH vaha isa kAvya kI 'mukhasandhi' mAnA kAzInareza kI putrI sulocanA ke svayaMvara mAnA jA sakatA hai tRtIya sagaM meM puna: kAvya kA mukhya uddezya vairAgya utpatti hai / 2 jayakumAra kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, ' jA sakatA hai / kAvya ne tRtIya meM kA sandeza lAtA hai, isa sagaM ko kAvya kI pratimukha sandhi' kyoMki prathama sarga meM sulocanA kA bhI ullekha prAyA hai| jayakumAra mIra sulocanA ke vivAha kI sUcanA milatI hai| sulocanA mora jayakumAra ke saMyoga ke pazcAt jayakumAra meM isa uddezya kA sUcaka kAvya kA 23va sarga hai jisameM jayakumAra kI mUrcchA zrIra pUrvabhava-maraNa kA varNana hai / prataH yaha sagaM isa kAvya kI 'garbhasandhi' ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| 246 sagaM kAvya' kI 'vimarzasandhi' ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / isameM eka deva kI patnI virahiNI ke rUpa meM jayakumAra ko vicalita karane prAtI hai| taba zrotA ke mana meM yaha zaMkA hone lagatI hai ki kadAcit jabakumAra apanA lakSya prApta na kara skeN| kAvya ke 25 veM sarga meM jayakumAra ke vairAgya kA varNana hai, ataH yaha sagaM kAvya kI 'upasaMhRtisa Mdhi' ko sUcita karatA hai / " 6 5 8. 'jayodaya' meM 28 saga~ haiN| kavi ne kucha sargoM meM to eka hI chanda ko pUre sagaM meM prayukta karake antima zlokoM meM chanda badala diyA hai, lekina dhanya sargoM meM kavi ne chandoM ke svatantra prayoga kiye haiN| unhoMne vizeSarUpa se upajAti, dhanuSTap viyoginI, 6 mAtrAsamaka, 10 'kAlabhAriNI," rathoddhatA, 13 drutavilambita, " prAdi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / 1. jayodaya, 12 - 76 2. bahI, 3 / 21-15 3. vahI, 1,75,69 4. vahI, 23 / 11-27 vahI, 24 / 104-147 vahI, 25 sarga 7. vahI, 12-3, 5-6, 6-10, 12, 14, 15-16, 23-25 8. vahI, 711-54 9. vahIM, 13-1-81 10. bahI, 14 / 1-82, 87, 13-14, 16 11. bahI, 12 / 1 - 81, 83-108, 122-138 12. bahI, 21-13, 113, 122-226136 131 140-141, 154 11. bahI: 2 / 1-86

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124 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana 10 prAyaH pratyeka sarga meM agale sarga meM varNita ghaTanA kI sUcanA hai| jaise saptama sarga meM arkakIrti aura jayakumAra ke yuddha kI sUcanA hai, aura pAThaveM sarga meM donoM ke yuddha kA varNana hai / sargoM kA nAma bhI unameM ghaTanA ke mAdhAra para rakhA gayA haiyathA--prathama sarga meM jayakumAra ne muni kI vandanA kI hai- isaliye isa sarga kA nAma 'munivandanAvarNana sagaM' hai / caturtha sagaM meM svayaMvara ke liye prakIti bhI kAzA pahuMcatA hai, isaliye isa sarga kA nAma 'arkakIrtisamAgamasarga' hai| aSTAdaza sarga meM prabhAta-varNana hone ke kAraNa sarga kA nAma 'prabhAta-varNana-sarga' rakhA gayA hai| . 11. 'jayodaya' kAvya ko kavi ne vividha pralaMkAroM se susajjita kiyA hai| unake priya alaMkAra haiM-anuprAsa,' yamaka,2 upamA, utprekSA,4 prapatuti,5 rUpaka virodhAbhAsa, aura citrAlaMkAra / 12. jayodaya mahAkAvya meM duSTa-nindA aura satprazaMsA yadyapi kavi ne sodhe-sIdhe nahIM kI hai, kintu kAvya ke khalanAyaka markakIti kA parAbhava aura jayakumAra ke guraNasahita paricaya'meM ho duSToM ko nindA mora sajjanoM kI prazaMsA chipI huI hai| 13. 'jayodaya' meM jayakumAra ke prazaMsAtmaka paricaya meM kavi ne aneka zloka likhe haiN| unhoMne nAyaka kA bhautika-prabhyudaya dikhAne ke bAda AdhyAtmika prabhyudaya bhI dikhA diyA hai| 14. kavi ne kAvya kA nAmakaraNa isa kAvya ke nAyaka ke nAmAnusAra 'jayodaya' rakhA hai| sAtha hI isa kAnya kA eka mora nAma kavi ko abhISTa hai; vaha hai'sulocnaa-svyNvr'| kavi ne isa kAnya ke ye donoM hI nAma sArthaka rakhe haiN| 1. jayodaya, prAyaH sabhI sarga 2. vahI, 24155, 25 / 6, 14, 46, 82-84 3. vahI, 651, 2015, 18137, 63 4. vahI, 3152, 10 / 11, 15 // 53 5. vahI, 1152, 133102, 24 // 36 6. vahI, 8 / 63, 25 / 30 7. bahI, 285-65 8. vahI, pratyeka sagaM kA upAntya zloka evaM 2871 1. vahI, 884, 65 10. vahI, 122-76, 104-117 11. vahI, 1-2-76, 104-117 12. vahI, 884 13. vahI, 2866.60

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kAvyazAstrIya vidhAeM 125 'jayodaya' kA tAtparya hai-jaya kA udaya prarvAt vijaya / yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki jayakumAra ko pUrNa vijaya aura mAdhyAtmika unnati rUpa jIvana kA mukhya lakSya ho kavi kA manya uddezya hai| isa uddezya kA nirvahaNa bhI kavi ne khUba kuzalatA ke sAtha kiyA hai| ataH isa kAvya kA 'jayodaya' nAma pUrNarUpeNa ThIka hai| ima kAvya ko pramakha ghaTanA hai-jayakumAra aura sulocanA kA svayaMvara / isI ghaTanA ke kAraNa hI japaka mAra aura prakIti kA yuddha hotA hai, aura hameM jayakumAra ke parAkrama kA vAstavika jJAna bhI ho jAtA hai| ataH isa kAThapa kA dUsarA nAma 'salocanA-svayaMvara' bhI sahI hai, kintu 'jayodaya' jaisA choTA mora sArthaka nahIM / vaise donoM hI nAma mAnya haiN| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'jayodaya' pUrNarUpeNa mahAkAvya kI koTi meM grA jAtA hai| kAvya-zAstriyoM ko mAnya mahAkAvya kI prAya: pratyeka vizeSatA hameM 'jayodaya' meM dekhane ko milatI hai| isa kAvya ko par3hakara zrotA kI buddhi aura hRdaya donoM prasanna ho sakate haiN| vIrokya kAvyazAstriyoM ko mAnya mahAkAvya kI vizeSatAoM kI kasauTI meM 'vIrodaya' ko kasane se yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki 'borodaya' bhI eka mahAkAvya hai| aba 'vIrodaya' kA mahAkAmpatva prApake sAmane prastuta hai :---- 1. 'vIrodaya' kI kathAvastu 22 sagoM meM nibaddha hai| 2. pratyeka kArya ke pUrNa hone meM koI vighna-bAdhA na pAye. isaliye vyakti apanI bAdhAmoM ko dUra karane ke liye prAya: pratyeka kArya ke prArambha meM apane abhISTa kI prArthanA karatA hai / mahAkavi zrI jJAnasAgara ne bhI sambhavataH isIliye 'vIrodaya ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM zrIbhagavAn kI stuti kI hai| maMgalAcaraNa kA eka zloka prastuta hai| 'candraprabhaM naumi yadaGgasArastaM kauma dastomamarIcakAra / sukhaMjana: saMlabhate praNazyattamastayA''tmIyapadaM samasya // " ---vIrodaya, 11 3. bhagavAn mahAvIra jaina dharma ke antima tIthaMkara the| bhAratavarSa meM RSabhadeva ke samAna hI mahAvIra jo kI bhI prasiddhi hai| inhIM vIra bhagavAn ke jIvana para yaha kAvya prAdhArita hai| 'vIrodaya' ke kathAnaka kA srota 'mahApurANa' se liyA gayA hai| 4. isa kAvya meM 'mokSa' rUpa puruSArtha kI siddhi kA spaSTa ho, saMketa hai| kavi ke kathanAnusAra :

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121 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAya-eka adhyayana "pAvAnagaropavane maktizriyamanugato mahAvIraH / tasyA varmAnusaran gato'bhavat sarvayA dhiirH||" -vIrodaya, 2021 kAttika mAsa kI caturdazI tithi kI rAtri ko vIrabhagavAn ne mukti lakSmI kA varaNa kiyaa| 5.. isa kAvya ke nAyaka lokavizruta bhagavAna mahAvIra hai / mahAvIra meM eka nAyaka ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiM / vaha paramadhArmika, adbhuta saundaryazAlI, sAMsArika rAga se dUra, jana-dharma ke uddhAraka, duHkhiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAle haiN| kAnapura ke rAjA siddhArtha mora rAnI priyakAriNI ko mahAvIra ke pitA-mAtA hone kA gaurava prApta hai|' / 'vIrodaya' meM vividha-sthaloM pora vRttAntoM kA bhI yathAsthAna varNana milatA hai| isa kAvya meM kavi ne kaNDanapura ke vaibhavapUrNa varNana se hamAre samana eka samRDa nagara kI jhAMkI prastuta kara dI hai| samA kA bhI sundara varNana yavAsthAma kiyA gayA haiN| 'vIrodaya' meM kavi ne himAlaya, vivA' aura sumeha' ina tInoM parvatoM kA prAsaMgika ullekha kiyA hai / 'pIrogya' kA sarvAdhika manohArI usakA pAtu-varNana hai / kavi ne varSA, basanta,gIta,' prISma, ina pA~ca RtumoM kA varNana isa kAmya meM kiyA hai / borodaya' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmAbhiSeka kA bar3A divyavarNana kavi ne prastuta kiyA hai| sarvaprathama devagaNoM ne pora tatpazcAt rAjA sikhApa ne bhagavAn kA banmAbhiSeka ghUma-dhAma se kiyaa| 1. vIrokya, 738 2. vahI, 2021-50 3. bahI, 7 / 22-13 4. vahI, 27 5. vahI, 28 6. vahI, 22, 3, 7 // 17-22 7. vahI 412-26 8. vahI, 6-12-3se 1. vahI, 11.45 1.. bahI, 12 / 1-31 11. hI, 211-20 12. bahI,

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kAmyatrIya vidhAe~ 'borodaya' meM tIna saMvAda dekhane ko milate haiM-(ka) rAnI priyakAriNIrAjA siddhArtha kA saMvAda,' (ba) rAnI priyakAriNI-devI-saMvAda, aura (me) rAjA sivA-varDamAna-saMvAda / 'vIrodaya' meM eka sthala para devagaNoM ko yAtrA kA varNana hai| isake atirikta kavi ne devAlaya praura samavasaraNa-maNDapakA bhI varNana. apane isa kAvya meM kiyA hai| kAvya meM bhagavAn ke pUrvajanmoM kA varNana bhI vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| kAma ke upasaMhAra meM pariNata jaina-dharma evaM darzana kavi ko saccA jananAmika siba karane meM samartha hai| . uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki dhIrodaya' meM viSiSasthalIya-varNana aura vRttAnta-parsana milate haiN| ye saba varsana kavi kI sUjha-bUjha ke paricAyaka hai| kavi meyapAzavika prakRti-varNana pora nagara-varNana bhI apane isa kAvya meM kiyA hai| .. 'hoya' meM hameM iMgArarasa, adabhuta rasavAtsalya-mAva'' aura bhakti. mA kI baTA patra-sana dekhane ko milatI hai| lekina aMgIrasa kA sthAna 'zAnta-rasa ko hI prApta hai|'3 zeSa rasa evaM bhAva isa rasa ke aMga hI haiN| .. 8. bIrodaya' paMcasandhiyoM kI raSTi se sarala kAvya hai| kAvya ke prathama sarga meM bIramanavAn ke janma kA ullekha hai, yaha kAvya kI mukhasandhi hai / isake pazcAta 1.. bIrogya, 413461 2. vahI, 227-34 1. vahI 2122-46 . 4.. bahI, 6-12 . 5. vahI, 2233-34 . 6. vahI, 13 // 1-25. 7. vahI, 15vA sarga 5. vahI, 16vA sarga 18vA sarga, 19vA sarga pora yA sarva 10. hI, 6 / 10 11. vahI, 87,46 12. 'bahI 4163 13. vahI, navama sarga aura dazama sarga 14. vahI, para

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128 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana chaThe sarga meM punaH vIrabhagavAn ke janma kA savistAra varNana hai, ' yaha kAvya kI pratimukha sandhi hai / isa kAvya meM kavi kA pramukha uddezya vorabhagavAn kI mukti dvArA zAntarasa kI sthApanA karanA hai / kavi kA yaha uddezya mahAvIra dvArA kie gaye vivAha ke virodha meM chipA hai, yaha isa kAvya kI garbhasandhi hai / kAvya ke ekAdaza, dvAdaza, trayodaza sargoM meM bhagavAn apane pUrvabhavoM kA vicAra karate haiM, ugra tapasyA karate haiM / isa prakAra kAma-krodha ityAdi prAntarika zatruoM para vijaya prApta karake kaivalyajJAna prApta karate haiM; aura gautama ko sadupadeza dete haiM / kAvya ke ina sthaloM kovimarza sandhi kahA jA sakatA hai / 12 sarga meM kavi ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mokSa lAbha kA ullekha kiyA hai; 3 kavi kI uddezyapUni rUpa yaha sthala kAvya kI nirvahaNa sandhi hai / 6. chandoM ke nirvAha meM bhI isa kAvya meM kavi ne kuzalatA kA paricaya diyA hai / isa kAvya meM yathAzakti chandoM ke niyamoM kA pAlana huA hai| yathA- prathama sagaM meM upajAti chanda kA upayoga hai; aura isa sagaM kA prantima zloka mAtrAsamaka chandobaddha hai / isake atirikta kavi ne anuSTup indravajrA, upendravajjA, zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantatilakA ityAdi chandoM kA bahutAyata se prayoga kiyA hai| 10. ' vIrodaya meM pratyeka sarga ke anta meM agrima sargoM meM Ane vAlI ghaTanAoM kI pro saMketa hai| udAharaNa ke lie prathama marga kA hI antima zloka prastuta hai" iti duritAndhakArake samaye nakSatrauSasaGkule'ghamayaM / prajani janA'hlAdanAya tena vIrAhvayaM vasudhAspadena // " vIrodaya, 13 isa zloka se isa bAta kA saMketa mila jAtA hai ki aba kAvya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma unake vairAgya, lokakalyANa ke lie prayatnazIlatA aura mokSa ityAdi kA varNana hogaa| kavi ne sargoM kA nAma bhI unameM variNata kathAoM ke anusAra kiyA hai / yathA prathama sarga kA nAma kavi ne 'prAkkathana' rakhA hai / dUsare sagaM meM jambU dvIpa, bharata kSetra, bhAratavarSa, kuNDanapura ityAdi kA varNana hai; isalie isa sagaM kA nAma kavi ne dvopaprAntapurAbhivarNanakaraH' rakhA hai| isI prakAra tRtIya sagaM kA nAma usake varNa viSaya ke anusAra 'zrIsiddhArthatadaGganAvivaraNaH ' hai / 11. 'vo rodaya' meM kavi ne praneka uttama alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai / 'jayodaya' 1. vIrodaya 6 / 35-36 2 . vahI, 8 / 23-45 3. bahI, 21 / 22

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kAvyazAstrIya vidhAeM 129 kI taraha 'vorodaya' antyAnuprAsa se alaMkRta hai| yamaka', upamA, apahnuti', utprekSA 4, bhrAntimAn', parisaMkhyA', prAdi alaMkAroM kI chaThA kAvya meM vizeSa darzanIya hai| 12. kAvya ke prArambha meM hI kavi ne sajjanoM kI prazaMsA vistAra se kI hai aura durjanoM kI prAlaMkArika pAlocanA bhI kara dI hai| 13. isa kAvya ke nAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para prazaMsA kI hai|' kAvya ke parizIlana se yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki vIrabhagavAn yuddhavIra to nahIM, para dharmavIra pravazya haiM / 10 unheM vAhya zatruoM se yuddha kI koI prAvazyakatA nahIM huI, hAM bhItara ke zatranoM para vijaya prApta karake vorabhagavAn ne mokSa prApta kara liyaa|'' isa prakAra 'vIrodaya' meM nAyaka kA hI prabhyudaya dikhAyA hai| 14. nAyakapradhAna isa kAvya kA nAma kAvya ke nAyaka ke nAma para hI prAdhArita hai| nAyaka kA nAma hai-mahAvIra; aura mahAvIra ke abhyudaya se zAnta-rasa kI sthApanA hI kavi kA lakSya hai; isa lakSya kA nirvahaNa kavi ne bar3I sUjha-bUjha ke sAtha kiyA haiN| prataH kAvya ke nAyaka aura kAvya ke lakSya ke prAdhAra para kavi ne isa kAmya kA nAma jo 'vIrodaya'-vIra kA udaya--prabhyunnati-rakhA, vaha sarvacA ucita hai| 'bIrodaya' kI uparyukta kAvyazAstrIya mAlocanA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vaha zAnta-rasa-pradhAna mahAkAvya kI koTi meM prAne ke lie pUrNa samartha kAvya hai| mahAkAvya ke liye batAye gaye premotsava, vivAha, madhupAna, jalakrIr3A ityAdi kA bhale hI isameM varNana na ho-(pUrNatayA zAnta rasa-pradhAna hone ke kAraNa)-tathApi bhagavAna ke janmAbhiSeka, tapazcaraNa, kaivalyajJAna lAbha, janatA ko sambodhana ityAdi 1. bIrodaya, 3 / 25, 17 / 11 2. vahI, 13, 220, 3 / 16, 6 / 36 3. vahI, 2146, 47, 6 / 30, 21, 30 4. vahI, 1 / 15, 3136, 43 5. vahI, 71. 6. vahI, 2048-49 7. vahI, 1 / 10-15 8. vahI, 1 / 26-21 6. bahI, 66, 8 / 12-21, 2015 10. vahI, 10 / 28-36 11. vahI, dazamasarga, 11 // 37.44, 12 // 32.45, 21122

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130 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana kA khUba vistAra se varNana hai| isake pratirikta kAvya-zAstriyoM dvArA svIkRta mahAkAvya kI sagasambandhI, bhAvapakSasambandhI, kalApakSasambandhI, caritrasambandhI sabhI vizeSatAyeM isameM dRSTigocara hotI haiN| sAtha hI sahRdaya ko prabhAvita karane meM bhI yaha kAvya pUrNa samartha hai / ataH hama nirvivAda rUpa se isako mahAkAvya kaha sakate haiM / sudarzanodaya - 'sudarzanodaya' ke parizIlana se bhI yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha eka mahAkAvya hai, tathApi vidvAnoM aura sahRdaya sAmAjikoM kI dRSTi ke lie; mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ke mAdhAra para kiyA gayA sudarzanodaya kA parIkSaNa prApake samakSa prastuta hai 1. 'sudarzanodaya' ko kathAvastu no sagoM meM nibaddha hai / 2. isa kAvya ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM kavi ne bIrabhagavAn kI stuti kI hai - "vIraprabhuH svIyasubaddhimAbA bhavAbdhitIraM gamitaprajAbAn / sudhIvarArAdhyaguNAnvayA vAgyasyAsti naH zAsti kavitvagAvA // " - sudarzanodaya, 111 3. 'sudarzanodaya' kI kathA kA prAcAra hariSeNa kRta 'bRhatkathAkoza' kA 'subhagagopAla' nAmaka kathAnaka hai / 4. isa kAvya meM bhI kavi ne mokSa rUpa puruSArtha kI siddhi upasthita kI hai| kAvya ke anta meM unhoMne kahA hai : --- "nadIpo guNaratnAnAM jagatAmekadIpakaH / stutAM janatayA'dhItaH sa niraMjanatAmadhAt // " - sudarzanodaya 6 / 87 2 3 4 5. isa kAvya kA nAyaka seTha sudarzana hai| sudarzana meM ghIraprazAMta nAyaka ke sabhI guNa haiM / vaha catura, ' paramadhArmika, vaizyakulotpanna, 3 manohara prAkRti, sukumArahRdaya aura dRr3ha vyaktitva vAlA hai| campApurI ke seTha vRSabhadatta aura jinamati sudarzana ke mAtA-pitA haiN| 1. sudarzanodaya, 5 / 11-20 2. vahI, 5 prArambha ke gIta 3. vahI, 3 / 1 4. vahI, 3 / 15 5. vahI, 8 / 14-16 6. vahI, 5 / 16 - 20 721-30, 628 7. vahI, 3 / 1-16

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kAvyazAstrIya vidhAeM 131 6. anya mahAkAvyoM kI bhAMti 'sadarzanodaya' meM bhI vividha-sthaloM aura vRttAntoM kA sthAna-sthAna para ullekha milatA hai| aMgadeza,' campApurI aura aMgadeza ke grAmoM kA kavi ne prasaMgAnukUla varNana kiyA hai| vasantavarNana prabhAtavarNana5, rAtrivarNana', udyAnavihAravarNana , nAyaka-nAyikA premavarNana, vivAhavarNana aura sudarzanakumAra kI utpatti kA varNana' kavi ke prakRti-prema evaM varNana-kauzala ke paricAyaka haiN| 'sudarzanodaya' meM hameM kucha saMvAda bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / yathA-(ka) vRSabhadAsa-bitarati-saMbAda 1, (kha) vRSabhadAma-munirAja-saMvAda,' 2 (ga) vRSabhadAsa-sAgaradattasaMvAda,13 (gha) vaSabhadAsa-munirAja-saMvAda 4 prAdi / 'sadarzanodaya' meM muniyoM 5 evaM jinadeva kI mUrti'6 kA bhI varNana milatA hai / kaI sthaloM para kavi ne jainadharma ke kucha sArabhUta-tattvoM kA varNana apane kAvyoM meM kiyA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'sudarzanodaya' meM kavi ne vividhasthalIya-varNana, prAkRtika-padArtha-varNana, vividha-vRttAnta-varNana aura strI-puruSoM ke manovaijJAnika citraNa dvArA prapanI sUkSma-darzana-zakti kA adbhuta paricaya diyA hai| 7. sudarzanodaya' meM jina rasoM evaM bhAvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, ve isa prakAra 1. sudarzanovaya, 1 / 15-24 2. vahI, 1025-37 3. vahI, 1 / 20-22 4. vahI, 6 prArambha ke 2 gIta, 1-4 5. vahI, 5 prathama gIta / 6. vahI, 7 zloka ke bAda kA dUsarA gIta / 7. vahI, 6 / 2-4 8. vahI, 3135 1. vahI, 348 10. bahI, 2 / 26-50, 31.10 11. bahI, 2013-23 12. vahI, 2 / 26-40 13. vahI, 345-47 14. vahI, 4 / 5-12 15. vahI, 411, 16-38 16. vahI, 5 pR. 82 kA gIta /

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132 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana (ka) zaGgAra rasa', (kha) vAtsalya rasa, 2 (ga) adabhuta rasa, (gha) bhaktibhAva,4 (Ga) zRGgArAbhAsa aura zAntarasa / kAvya ke parizIlana se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki zAntarasa aMgI rasa hai / zeSa rasa evaM bhAva isake aMga haiM / 8. 'sudarzanodaya' meM yathAzakti pAMca sandhiyoM' kA nirvAha huA hai / kAvya ke dvitIya marga meM RSi ne vaSabhadatta graura jinamati ke sammukha unake putra hone kI ghoSaNA kI hai; yaha kAvya kI 'mukha mandhi' hai| tRtIya sarga meM sadarzana ko utpatti kA vAtsalya rasa' se paripUrNa varNana hai; yaha kAvya kI 'pratimukha-sandhi' hai| kAvya ko caramapariNati sudarzana kI mokSa-prApti meM hai; aura kAvya kA mukhya rasa hai --zAnta rasa / kAvya kA yaha uddezya pitA kI virakti ke pazcAt sa darzana ke muni ke prati kahe hue viraktipUrNa vacanoM meM chipA hamA hai| ata: yaha sthala kAvya kI 'garbha-sandhi' hai| kAvya meM kapilA-brAhmaNI, prabhayamatI rAnI aura devadattA vezyA ke prapaMcoM meM jabajaba sudarzana par3atA hai, taba-taba pAThaka ko yahI lagatA hai ki sambhavata: sudarzana apane uddezya ko prApta na kare / kAvya ke ye sabhI sthala vimarza-sandhi ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye jA sakate haiN| anta meM sadarzana ne sabhI vipattiyoM para vijaya prApta kii| unheM kaivalyajJAna bhI prApta hamA, tatpazcAt unhoMne mokSa bhI prApta kara liyA .1' yaha kAvya kI nirvahaNa-sandhi' hai, jisake dvArA kavi ne apane uddezya kA nirvAha kiyA hai| 6. 'sudarzanodaya' meM kavi chandoM ke prati svatantra ho gaye haiN| kevala paMcama sarga meM hI manuSTup aura antima noka meM drutavilambita chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa sarga meM bhI bIca-bIca meM gIta mA gae haiM / upajAti, indravajrA, rathoddhatA, vaMzastha, vamantatilakA, zArdUlavikrIDita chandoM kA krama-rahita prayoga isa kAvya meM yatra-tatra mila jAtA hai / upajAti chanda kA kAvya meM sarvAdhika prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 10. 'sudarzanodaya' meM 8 sarga haiN| pratyeka sarga kA anta mAge ke sagaM kI sUcanA detA hai, yathA1. sudarzanodaya, 3135 - - 2. vahI, 36 3. vahI, 81 4. vahI, 4146 5. vahI, 6 / 17 6. vahI, 8 / 25, 32, 984 7. vahI, 2026-40 8. vahI, 3 / 1-15 6. vahI, 4 / 15 10. vahI, 5 / 1-20, 7 / 10-36, 6-12-26 11. vahI, 6 / 48-86

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kAvyazAstrIya vidhAe~ "sArdhaM sahasradvayAttu hAyanAnAmihAdyataH / babhUvAyaM mahArAjo mahAvIraH prabhoH kSaraNe // " --sudarzanodaya, 1 / 45 kAvya kA yaha zloka dhAtrIvAhana kI rAjadhAnI campApurI se hI Age kI kathA saMbaddha hai, aisI sUcanA detA hai / kavi ne pratyeka sarga kA nAmakaraNa usa sagaM meM variMgata kathA ke AdhAra para kiyA hai / yathA - kAvya meM prathama sarga meM aMgadeza ke 133 vAhana kA varNana hai; isIlie sagaM kA nAma kavi ne 'dezAdenaM patezca varNanaparaH prAdyaH sargaH' rakhA hai / isI prakAra dvitIya sarga meM sudarzana kI mAtA usake janma se pUrva kucha sundara svapna dekhatI hai, jinakA pariNAma sudarzana ke mAtA-pitA eka RSi se jJAta karate haiM; ataH sagaM kA nAma kavi ne 'zrIyuktasya sudarzanasya jananI svapnAdivAksammataH dvitIyaH sargaH rakhA hai / 11. 'sudarzanodaya' meM kavi ne aneka uttama upamAlaMkAroM kA prayoga karake apane prabala kalA-kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai / 'jayodaya' evaM 'vIrodaya' kI bhA~ti ho 'sudarzanodaya' meM bhI hameM prAyaH mantyAnuprAsa kI zobhA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isake pratirikta yamaka, ' ileSa, 2 upamA, utprekSA, zrAdi alaMkAra pramukha rUpa se prayukta kiye gae haiM / 12. kAvya ke prArambha meM hI kavi ne sajjanoM kI prazaMsA muktakaNTha se kI hai; kavi ke anusAra sajjanoM kI paramparA vipattiyoM kA vinAza karane vAlI hotI hai / " sudarzana kA vadha karane hetu varSika ko prAjJA dene vAle rAjA dhAtrIbAhana kI, eka nAgarika se kavi ne jo nindA karavAI hai usase duSToM kI ho nindA abhivyakta hotI hai / 6 13. mahAkAvya meM sthAna-sthAna para kavi ne seTha sudarzana ke guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| sudarzana jaina dharma para prAsthA rakhane vAlA, RSi-muniyoM kI bhakti karane bAlA, prapanI patnI manoramA se pUrNa saMtuSTa, Dar3havyaktitva vAlA aura mokSarUpa 1. sudarzanodaya, 3 / 16, 6 sAraMganAmarAga / 8 0 2. vahI, 5 prabhAtakAlIna rAga / 3. vahI, 2043 4. vahI, 3 / 7 5. bahI, 18.6 6. vahI, 8 / 3 7. vahI, 3 / 34, paMcama sarga ke gIta, 7 / 11 8. vahI, 4 / 15, 46, 6 / 26-32 6. vahI, 6 / 22 10. bahI, 7/26, 6/26,83

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134 mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke kAnya-eka adhyayana puruSArtha kI pora agrasara hai|' kavi ne sudarzana ke janma se lekara nirvANa taka ke sabhI vRttAntoM kA ullekha kAvya meM kara diyA hai| 'sa darzanodaya' ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki sudarzana kA zatru aura koI nahIM, usakA rUpa aura guNa hI usake zatru haiM, inhoM ke kAraNa rAnI abhayamatI, kapilA brAhmaNI aura devadattA vezyA usa ke mokSamArga meM bAdhaka banatI haiN| kintu sudarzana apane rUpa ke prati nispaha hai; ataH vaha ina kuTina striyoM kI kuceSTAnoM ke prati bhI niHspaha hI banA rahatA hai; aura vijaya bhI prApta karatA hai| tInoM hI striyoM ko usake parvata tulya vyaktitva ke samakSa mukanA par3atA hai; aura sudarzana mokSarUpa abhyudaya ko prApta kara letA hai| 14. udarzanohara' seTha sudarzana kI kathA para prAdhArita kAvya hai / kAvya ke nAma se spaSTa hai ki kavi ne kAvya kA nAma nAyaka ke nAma para rakhA hai| sudarzana isa kAvya kA dAyaka hai; aura sudarzana dvArA mokSa rUpa puruSArtha kI siddhi se zAnta rasa kI saMsthApanA hI kavi kA mukhya lakSya hai / kAvya ke nAyaka aura mukhya rasa ke sthApana ke uddezya se hI kavi ne kAvya kA nAma 'sUdarzanodaya' rakhA hai| isa prakAra 'sadarzanodaya' ke parizIlana se aura upayukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki 'sudarzanodaya' zaGgAra rasa se paripuSTa zAnta rasa pradhAna mahAkAvya hai| usakA kalevara 'jayodaya' aura 'vIrodaya' ke samAna vizAlakAya nahIM hai, tathApi mahAkAvya ke sabhI guNa usameM parilakSita haiM / apane anya kAvyoM kI bhA~ti kavi ne isa kAvya meM bhI nAyakAbhyudaya ko bar3e kauzala se darzAyA hai| unake zabdAlaMkAroM aura manamAne DhaMga se prayukta chandoM ne kahIM bhI kathAnaka ke pravAha ko avaruddha nahIM kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM mahAkAvya kI sabhI vizeSatAeM sahaja hI meM prApta haiM; isalie hama nirvivAda rUpa se isako mahAkAvya kI koTi meM pahu~cA huaA kAvya mAna sakate haiN| isa kAvya ko eka aura vizeSatA hai jisake kAraNa yaha kAvya sahRdayagrAhA bana jAtA hai;-vaha hai isameM sthala-sthala para pAtroM ke manobhAvoM ko prakaTa karane vAle sundara rAgoM meM baddha gItoM kI vidhmaantaa| bhIsamudravattacaritra aba zrIjJAnasAgara kI caturtha kRti 'zrIsamudattacaritra' ke parIkSaNa kA krama hai / mahAkAvya kI vizeSatAmoM dvArA isa kAvya ke parIkSaNa se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' bhI eka mahAkAvya hai| vidvAnoM ke saMtoSa hetu hama kAmpa kI mahAkAvya-sambandhI vizeSatAmoM kA prastutIkaraNa kara rahe haiM :-- 1. isa kAvya kI kathAvastu no soM meM nibaddha hai| 2 isa kAvya ke prArambha meM maGgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva, bhagavAn varSamAna evaM anya tIrthaGkaroM kI vandanA kI gaI hai| 1. sudarzanokya, 8 / 14-27

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kAvyazAstrIya vidhAeM "namAmyahaM taM puruSa purANamabhUda yugAdI svayamekakSANaH / thiyo'si putyA duritacchidaryamuttejanAyAtitarAM samarthaH / zrIvadamAnaM bhuvanatraye tu vipatpayoghestaraNAya setum / namAmi taM nijitamInaketuM na mAmito hantu yato'ghahetum // ' praNomi zeSAnapi tIrthanAthAn samasti yeSAM gunnpuurnngaassaa| bhavAndhagarte patate janAyA'nukIrtitAlambanasampradAyA // " --zrIsamudradattacaritra, 111, 3. guNabhadrAcArya racita 'mahApurANa' isa kAnya ke kathAnaka kA srota hai| sArI hariSeNAcAryaracita 'bRhatkathAkoza' bhii| 4. kavi ke anya kAvyoM ke samAna hI yaha kAvya bhI mokSarUpa puruSArtha kI siddhi karane vAlA hai|' 5. satyavAdI bhadramitra isa kAvya kA nAyaka hai jo eka zreSTha vaizya kA putra hai| bAda meM vaha rAjA siMhacandra, veyaka ke mahamindra 4. bhora cakrAyuSa ke rUpa meM bhI janma grahaNa karatA hai / satyAcaraNa, jainadharma ke prati niSThA, svAvalambana prAdi usake pradhAna guNa haiN| 6. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne isa kAvya ko vividha.vastuoM evaM vRttAntoM ke varNana se isa prakAra prAcchAdita kara diyA hai ki kabhI-kabhI pAThaka bhrAnta hokara mUla-kathAnaka se dUra bhI calA jAtA hai / lIjie prastuta hai kavi ke vividha varNana kA paricaya / kavi ne isa kAvya meM svarga, naraka,10 pralakApurI'', cakrapura,2 vijayArSa-parvata, rAjA airAvaNa bhora rAjakumArI priyaGguzrI kA vivAha,14 cakrAyuSa kA janma 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 7 / 30-33 2. vahI, 1-26.30 3. vahI, 416 4. vahI, 516 5. bahI, 6 / 15 6. vahI, 4 / 2-3 7. vahI, 7 / 30 8. vahI, 1131-36, 21-4 6. vahI, 4 // 36, 5 // 14, 15, 33 10. vahI, 4 / 37, 5 // 34 11. vahI, 2010 12. vahI, 6.1-8 13. vahI, 2016 14. vahI, 21-6

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana mahAkaccha kI stambakagucchanagara kI yAtrA, bhadramitra kI ratnadvIpa yAtrA,2 nAyakAbhyudayaH ityAdi kA varNana yathAsthAna kiyA hai| jaina-dharma kA kAvya hone ke kAraNa isameM muni-varNana bhI iSTigocara hotA hai| pAtroM ke pUrvajanmoM pora punarjanmoM aura punarjanma ke vRttAnta bhI isameM yathAsthAna haiM / 5 kAvya ke praSTamasagaM meM jaina-dharma kA vistRta upadeza prastuta kiyA gayA hai, aura navama sarga meM cakrAyudha ke ugra tapazcaraNa kA varNana hai| 7. 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM zAnta, rodra, vatsala rasoM evaM bhaktibhAva kA varNana milatA hai| isa kAvya meM praGgI rasa kA pada zAntarasa ne hI prApta kiyA hai| 8. isa kAvya meM kavi ne paMcasandhiyoM kA bhI nirvAha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prathama sarga meM bhadramitra kA ullekha kAnya kI 'mukha-sandhi' hai| tRtIya sarga meM mamitra ko cAritrika vizeSatAmoM kA jJAna hotA hai,'' yaha kAmya ko 'pratimukhasamdhi hai| satyaghoSa nAmaka rAjA ke maMtrI se apanA dhana pAkara bhadramitra eka munirAja ke darzana mora upadeza se prabhAvita hotA hai; 12 yaha kAmya kI 'garbhasandhi' hai . 1. bhosamadadattacaritra, 2018:16 2. vahI, 3 // 15-17 1. vahI, 6 / 26-30 4. (ka) vahI, 416 (ba) vahI, 5127 5. (ka) vahI, 1630 (kha) vahI, 46 (ga) vahI, 5116 (gha) vahI, 6 / 14 (cha) bahI, 4126 (ca) baho, 4 // 32 (gha) vahI, 4133 vahI, 7 / 1-24, 91-29 7. vahI, 2332 8. vahI, 310 1. vahI, 26 10. vahI, 1-26-31 11. vahI, 331.4, 7-6, 14, 15, 27, 31, 11 12. kI, *

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kAvyazAstrIya vidhAe~ 137 satya kI vijaya bhadramitra ko khA kyoMki isameM kAvya kA mukhya uddezya 'Age nAyaka kA vairAgya evaM chipA huA hai / bhadramitra kI mAtA dvArA vyAghrI ke rUpa meM jAnA, ' punaH siMhacandra ke rUpa meM janma, 2 navagreveyaka ke prahamindra ke rUpa meM janma u ye saba 'vimarza-sandhi' se sambandhita sthala haiN| punaH punaH janma-maraNa ke cakra se aisA lagatA hai ki sambhavata: nAyaka mokSa na prApta kara sake / anta meM cakrAyudha (bhadramitra ) sAMsArika padArthoM kA parityAga karake kaivalyajJAna prApta kara letA hai / prataH mokSa evaM satya kI vijaya hotI hai, yahI kAvya kI 'nirvahaNa sandhi' hai / 9. 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' ke parizIlana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kavi ne mahAkAvya-viSayaka chandoM ke niyamoM ko apanAne kA pUrNa prayAsa kiyA hai| kAvya ke prathama, dvitIya, caturtha, paMcama, saptama aura navama sargo meM kramazaH upajAti, viyoginI, vaMzastha, svAgatA, drutavilambita aura manuSTup chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya sarga meM upajAti, indravajrA aura vasantatilakA chandoM kA mizrita prayoga hai / pratyeka sagaM ke dhanta meM chanda badalA gayA hai / 10. 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' meM bhI mantyAnuprAsa kI chaTA sarvatra vidyamAna hai / isake pratirikta kavi ne isa kAvya ko yamaka upamA, prarthAntaranyAsa, 7 parisaMkhyA 5, virodhAbhAsa, prAdi pralaMkAroM se susajjita kiyA hai / & 11. prastuta kAvya ke prathama sarga meM kavi ne sajjanoM kI prazaMsA ' 10 nindA kI hai / " siMhapura ke rAjA siMhasena ke brAhmaNa maMtrI bhadramitra ke ratnoM ko har3apanA cAhatA hai, bhadramitra ko usake ratna prApta ho jAte haiM 12. zrIsamudradalacaritra' kA nAyaka bhadramitra hai / isa kAvya meM zatrurUpa meM kavi ne satyaghoSa ko prastuta kiyA hai / satya ghoSa kintu satya kI vijaya hotI hai; prora satyaghoSa kI vAstavikatA sabako jJAta / 1. 2. bahI, 46 3. vahI, 4. vahI, 9 / 30-31 zrIsamudradattacaritra, 46 5 / 16 evaM durjanoM kI 5. vahI, 1 / 15 6. vahI, 3 / 17 7. vahI, 4 / 2 8. vahI, 606 6. vahI 6 / 5-7 10. vahI, 1/15, 17 - 18, 21-24 11 vahI, 1 / 16-17, 16-24

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-ekalavyavana ho jAtI hai, ata: use apadastha kara diyA jAtA hai / bhadramitra satya ke bala para apane anya tIna janmoM meM bhI sukhapUrvaka samaya vyatIta karatA hai / tatpazcAt apane Upara bhI vijaya prApta karake, kaivalyajJAnalAbha karatA hai / bhadramitra kI isI vijaya dvArA kavi ne nAyakAbhyudaya dikhAyA hai| 13. prastuta kAvya ke kavi ne do nAma rakhe haiM :-1. bhadrodaya aura 2. zrIsamadradattacaritra / ye donoM hI nAma kAvya ke nAyaka ke nAma para AdhArita haiN| bhadrodaya kA tAtparya hai bhadra (mitra) kI unnati / kAvya meM bhavAmitra ke bhautika evaM mAdhyAtmika . donoM hI prakAra se prabhyudaya prApta karane kA varNana hai| isaliye isa kAvya kA bhadrodaya nAma sArthaka hai / bhadramitra kA dUsarA nAma samudradatta bhI hai| kAvya meM usake cAra janmoM kA varNana milatA hai| cAroM hI janmoM meM usakI cAritrika vizeSatAmoM para kavi ne prakAza DAlA hai, isalie isa kAvya kA 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' nAma bhI sArthaka hai| . 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' sambandhI uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa kAnya meM kavi ne sargoM kA nAmakaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| prAkRtika varNana ke nAma para isameM kevala kavi ne vijayAdha-parvata kA hI varNana kiyA hai| sthAna-sthAna para rAjAmoM dvArA jana-muniyoM se dIkSA-prApti kA varNana hai aura kAvyoM ke pAtroM ke kaI janmoM kA varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| phalasvarUpa kAvya meM pravAhahInatA aura nIrasatA mA gayI hai / itanA hone para bho 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' ko mahAkAvya mAnane meM hameM prApatti nahIM honI cAhie / kyoMki mahAkAvya ke kAvya-zAstriyoM dvArA batAye gae eka-do lakSaNoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI lakSaNa isameM ghaTita hote haiN| rayodaya-campU kavi kI pAMcavI kRti 'dayodaya' hai| kavi ne isa pustaka ke nAma ke mArga 'campU' zabda jor3a diyA hai| prataH kaSi ke kathana ko svIkAra karate hue hameM bhI ise 'campU' mAna lenA cAhie / spaSTIkaraNa ke lie -kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA batAI gaI 'campU-kAvya' kI vizeSatAeM kahAM taka isa kAvya meM saSTigocara hotI haiM-isakI jAnakArI ke lie bampUkAvya kI vizeSatAeM aura usake prAdhAra para 'bayodaya' kI pAlocanA prastuta hai : aneka kAvyazAstriyoM pora campUkAvya kA praNayana karane vAle kaviyoM ne apane-apane tarIke se 'campUkAvya' ke lakSaNa batAe haiN| unake batAe gae lakSaNoM kI hI sArabhUta vizeSatAeM isa prakAra haiM :1. gadya-padya-mizrita campU-kAvya vaha kAvya hotA hai, jisameM gadya-padya donoM kA vyavahAra metA hai| pampU kA yaha lakSaNa bhrAmaka pratIta hotA hai / kyoMki gadya-paca kA mizraNa nATaka kapAsAhitya meM bhI milatA hai / sAtha hI cammU-kAna ke matirikta. paca-paca miti kAvya ke do pora bhI bheva haiM:

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kAmazAstrIya vidhAe~ (ka) viruda kAvya - jaba kisI rAjA kI gadya-padya ke mAdhyama se stuti kI jAya to usa kAvya kI saMjJA viruda hotI hai / campUkAvya meM rAjastutirUpa rAjabhaktibhAva kA hI barNana nahIM hotA / usameM mahAkAvya, kathAkAvyoM ke samAna hI sarasatA, saguNatA prAdi vizeSatAeM pAI jAtI haiM / (kha) karambhaka - jo kAvya aneka bhASAoM meM likhA jAtA hai, use karambhaka kahate haiM / campUkAvya kevala eka bhASA ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, isalie campUkAvya karambhaka se bhI pRthak kAvya-bheda hai; prora karambhaka evaM biruda kI apekSA mahatvapUrNa bhI / sAhitya meM saMvAda mora gadya bhAga kI puSTi ke liye hI padya kA prayoga hotA haiM, jabaki campU meM kavi gadya evaM padya donoM ke prati niSpakSa hotA hai / vaha kahIM bhI gadya yA padya ko prayukta kara sakatA hai / prAyaH campUkAvyoM meM gadya aura padya kI mAtrA samAna hotI hai / saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki nATaka, kathA-sAhitya, virudakAvya prora karambhakAvyoM meM gadya-padya kA mizraNa pravazya pAyA jAtA hai, kintu nATaka meM saMbAda kI puSTi ke liye, kathA-sAhitya meM kisI pAtra kA guraNa-vizeSa dikhAne ke lie, viruda meM rAjastuti ke lie, karambhaka meM vividha bhASAtroM ke mAdhyama se padyoM kA prayoga gadya ke sAtha hotA hai, isa prakAra inameM saMvAda, pAtra, rAjastuti prora vividhabhAvAjJAna pradarzana kA hI prAdhAnya hotA hai, zeSa bAteM gauNa hotI haiM / prata: gadyapadyAtmaka kAvya ko campU kahA jAtA hai, isa kathana meM prativyApti kI saMbhAvanA nahIM karanI cAhiye / 2. dhavya-kAvya---- zravya-kAvya ke tIna bheda hote haiM-gadya, padya aura campU - yaha kAvyavidhAdhoM ke vibhAga rekhAcitra se spaSTa haiM / bhataH campUkAvya gadyapadyAtmaka hokara bhI nATaka ke samAna kAvya kI zreNI meM nahIM mAtA / vaha gadyakAvya yA padyakAvya kI hI taraha bhavya hotA hai / 3. prabandhAtmakatA prabandha-kAvya vaha kAvya hai jisameM pUre kAvya meM hameM eka kathA kA hI vikAsa milatA hai; prata: campUkAvya meM bhI eka kathA ke kramika vikAsa kA honA kAvyazAstriyoM dvArA svIkRta hai / 4. varNana - pradhAna - anya kAvyoM ke samAna hI campU-kAvya meM bhI prAkRtika padArtha, vaikRtika padArtha maura vividha vRttAntoM kA varNana honA cAhie / 5. alaMkArasusajjita - campUkAmya meM zabdAlaMkAroM dhIra dharSAlaMkAroM kA prayoga honA cAhie /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana 6. sarasa 'campUkAvya' kAvya kI zreNI meM prAtA hai, prataH anya kAvyoM ke samAna usameM bhI kAvya kI prAtmA.rasa ko vidyamAnatA apekSita hai| 7. udAttanAyakopeta campUkAvya kI kathA kisI zreSTha nAyaka se sambandhita honI caahie| 6. guraNa ___ yathAsthAna isameM prasAda, mAdhuyyaM paura moja guNoM kA samAveza honA caahie| 6. mAgoM meM vibhakta __ mahAkAvya sagoM meM nibaddha kathA bAlA kAvya hai, isI prakAra campU-kAmya kI kapA bhI ucchavAsa, aMka, lamba ityAdi meM vibhakta honI caahie| 10. camatkArapradhAna camatkAra kA tAtparya hai - ukti kI vicitrtaa| yaha lakSaNa prAyaH sabhI kAyoM meM ghaTita hotA haiM; kintu pampUkAvya meM gadya-padya ke mAdhyama se kavi ko dugunA camatkAra dikhAne kA avasara prApta ho jAtA hai| prata: 'campUkAmya' pranya kAvyoM kI tulanA meM adhika camatkAra pradhAna hotA hai|' ___aba dekhanA yaha hai ki dayodaya' kAvya meM 'campU-kAvya' kI kauna-kauna vizeSatAeM prApta hotI haiM :1. gava-paca-mizraNa dayodaya ke parizIlana se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki usameM gadya-padya kA adbhuta saMmizraNa hai| kavi ne gadya aura padya kA yatheccha vyavahAra kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM pacoM ke patizaya prayoga ke madhya garA ke darzana bhI nahIM hote, to kahIM para padya pora gaya ko sAtha-sAtha prayukta kiyA gayA hai| kavi kA na to gara ke prati vizeSa mAgraha hai pora na padya ke prati / gaya mora padya ke prati niSpakSa vyavahAra hI kavi ko prabhISTa hai| bhavyakANyatva kAvya kI mukhya rUpa se do vidhAeM hai-dRzya aura zrabya / pampU-kAvya gayakAmya paura padya kAvya rUpa anya kAvyoM kA miSaNa hai; prataH vaha bhI zravya-kAmya 1. (ka) vizvanASaH sAhityadarpaNa, 6336-337 (kha) daNDI : kAvyAdarza, 1131 (ga) hemacandrAcAryaH kAmyAnuzAsana, CE (gha) trivikramabhaTTaH nalacampU 1 / 24-25 (5) DaoN. chavinAtha tripAThI: campU kAvya kA mAlocanAtmaka evaM sAhityika adhyayana, pa.saM. 4

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kAvyazAstrIya viSAeM hI haiM, dRzya nahIM / zrotA ko kabhI gadya kA mAnanda milatA rahe aura kabhI padya kaa| 'pampUkAvya kA yaha lakSaNa 'dayodaya' meM ghaTita hotA hai / 3. prabandhAtmakatA ___'yodaya' meM mRgasena dhIvara mora ghaNTA dhIvarI kI kathA krama se vidyamAna hai / isa kathA kA srota hariSeNAcArya racita 'bahatvathAkoza' hai / magasena dhIvara eka muni ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara ahiMsA dharma ko svIkAra kara letA hai; aura patnI ko phaTakAra sunakara eka dharmazAlA meM pahu~cakara leTa jAtA hai / vahA~ eka sarpa ke Dasane se usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai / pati ko DhUMDhatI huI ghaNTA-dhIvarI bhI usI dharmazAlA meM pahu~catI hai; aura sapaM ke kATane se usakI bhI matyu ho jAtI hai| dhIvara somadatta ke rUpa meM pora dhIvarI zreSThI kI putrI ke rUpa meM utpanna hotI hai| guNapAla zreSThI ke bAdhaka hone para bhI somadatta kA vivAha guNapAla zreSThI kI putrI viSA se ho jAtA hai / somadatta ke tejasvI vyaktitva me prabhAvita hokara rAjA bhI apanI putrI kA vivAha somadatta se kara detA hai; aura apanA prAdhA rAjya bhI use de detA hai| eka munirAja ke darzana ke phalasvarUpa somadatta pora usakI donoM patniyoM ko vairAgya ho jAtA hai / tapazcaraNa ke phalasvarUpa tInoM ko svarga mila jAtA hai / spaSTa hai ki eka hI kathA ke pallavita hone ke kAraNa 'dayodaya' prabandhakAvyaguNopeta hai| 4. varNana-pradhAna-- 'dayodaya meM kavi ne prAkRti : padArthoM mora vRttAntoM kA prasaMgAnusAra varNana kiyA hai| prAtaHkAla, rAtri, ziprA nadI, ujjayinInagarI, viSA-somadatta kA vivAha muni-mAhAtmya evaM guNapAla kI haThadharmitA kA varNana kavi ne pratyanta mAlaMkArika zailI meM kiyA hai| 1. dayodayacampU, 3 zloka 7 ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga, 7-6, zloka ke bAda ke gdybhaag| 2. vahI, 2 zloka 2 se pUrva kA gadya bhAga evaM zloka 2 3. vahI, pR0 10 kA gavabhAga 4. vahI, 1110-11 5. vahI, 418-25 6. vahI, 1118, zloka 22 se pUrva kA gadyabhAga aura 22-26, 7 zloka 17ke bAda ke gadyabhAga se zloka 37 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga taka / 7. bahI, 1115

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142 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana 5. alaMkArasusajjita kavi ne 'dayodaya' ko zabdAlaMkAroM aura arthAlaMkAroM se susajjita kiyA hai| antyAnuprAsa,' zleSa, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, viSama ityAdi pralaMkAroM kI chaThA kAvya meM vizeSa darzanIya hai| 6. sarasa vaise to 'dayodaya' meM zaGgAra rasa, vatsala rasa mora bhaktibhAva kA mAsvAdana pAThaka ko yatra-tatra hotA rahatA hai| kintu kavi kI sabhI phatiyoM kI bhAMti isa kAvya kA maGgorasa zAnta hI hai / 7. unAtanAyakopeta_ 'dayodaya' kAvya kI kathA eka aise vyakti para prAdhArita hai, jo apane pUrvajanma meM eka RSi ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara ahiMsA-vrata apanA cukA pA; aura muni ke AdezAnusAra usane jAla meM mAI machalI ko jIvana-dAna diyA thaa| apane vartamAna meM vaha eka mAtR-pitRvihIna bAlaka ke rUpa meM guNapAla ko kudRSTi se bacatA humA eka gvAle ke pAsa pahuMca jAtA hai / bAra-bAra guNapAla kI durbhAvanA kA zikAra hone se bacatA hai / seTha guNapAla kI putrI viSA aura rAjakumArI guNamAlA se usakA vivAha hotA hai / rAjA usake guNoM para rIjha kara apanA ASA rAjya use sauMpa detA hai| anta meM RSi kA upadeza sunakara somadatta ko vairAgya ho jAtA hai paura vaha jaina-muni bana jAtA hai / isa prakAra kAvya kA nAyaka somadatta saundaryazAlI divyaguNopeta, dayAlu aura saralahRdaya hai / prataH 'dayodaya' kI kapA eka nirmala cariNa vAle vyakti para mASArita hai| 1. dayodayacampU, 1 / 26, 2 / 32, 6 / 3 2. vahI, 712 3. vahI, 3 zloka 6 ke bAda ke gadya bhAga / 4. vahI, 3 zloka 7 paura usake pUrva ke gdybhaag| 5. vahI, 2131 6. vahI, 25 7. vahI, 4 / 14-16 8. .bahI, 3 zloka 10 ke bAda ke gadhamAga / 9. vahI,7 pu. 143 kA gIta / 10. vahI, 7 zloka 17 ke bAda ke navabhAga se zloka 35 tk|

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kAmazAstrIya vidhAeM . . 8. gugayukta 'vayodaya' mAdhurya' mora prasAda guNa sampanna racanA hai / hai. mAgoM meM vibhakta prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki campU-kAvya ucchavAsa, stabaka ityAdi meM vibhakta hotA hai| hamAre pAlocya kavi kI yaha kRti 'dayodaya' bhI sAta lamboM meM vibhakta hai| ina lamboM ke padyoM meM anuSTup, upajAti, indravadhA, upendravajA, vaMzastha, vasantatimakA, biyoginI, drutavilambita, zikhariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita ityAdi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 'dayodaya' ke parizIlana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki isakI kayA camatkArIspAdaka hai| sthAna-sthAna para ukticitya ke darzana hote haiN| padya ke mAdhyama se zAndI kor3A, gadya ke mAdhyama se zAdI kIr3A, prasAda-mAdhurya-guNa evaM anyokti kA milA julA camatkAra, tathA subhASita muktA-rAzi ke sthala yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hote haiN| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kAvya-zAstriyoM dvArA mAnya campU-kAvya kI sabhI vizeSatAeM hameM 'dayodaya campU meM milatI haiN| isake atirikta isameM gadya padya ke mizraNa kA jitanA prAdhAnya hai, utanA aura kisI anya tattva kA nahIM / 'viruda-kAvya' meM prApya rAjastuti kA isameM sarvathA prabhAva hai / vividha bhASA meM racita karambhaka kAvya ke samAna isameM aneka bhASAyeM na hokara kevala saMskRta bhASA hai| isake padya saMvAdoM kI puSTi ke lie nahIM haiN| kathA-sAhitya kI bhAMti isameM padyamAtrA virala na hokara avirala hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki 'dayodaya' eka campU-kAvya hai, jo gadya-padyamayI-gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama ko jaladhArA rUpa vANI se pAThaka ko pAhlAdita karane meM pUrNa samartha hai / muni manoraMjana zataka saMskRta bhASA meM likhI gaI kavi kI yaha chaThI sAhityika kRti hai / yaha kati 1. dayodayacampU, 420 2. bahI, 1123 3. vahI, 2 / 24 4. vahI, 1 zloka 21 ke bAda kA caturtha gdybhaag| 5. vahI, 1 zloka ke bAda kI sUkti, 3 prathama gavabhAga ko sUkti / 6. vahI, 4 / 21

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144 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya-eka adhyayana muktaka nAmaka padya-kAvya bheda ke antargata prAtI hai| saMskRta kAvya-zAstriyoM ko raSTi meM muktaka-kAvya aisA chandobaddha kAvya hai, jisake padyoM kI viSaya-vastu svatantra hotI hai / ataH nirapekSa viSaya-vastu vAle padyoM ke saMgraha ko muktaka-kAvya kahate haiN|' prasmadAlocya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara jI ko ukta racanA meM muktaka kAmya kA yaha lakSaNa pUrNarUpeNa ghaTita hotA hai| kintu isake 'munimanoraMjanazataka' nAma meM 'mani' evaM zataka' zabda to ThIka hai, kintu 'manoraMjana' zabda kA prayoga prApattijanaka hai / kyoMki isa kRti kA prAdyopAnta parizIlana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki isameM manoraMjana nAma kI koI vastu nhiiN| isameM to muniyoM ke mAcAra-vyavahAra ke viSaya meM likhA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se mahAkavi yadi isakA nAma 'munidharmanirUpaNa' rakhate to paSika saMgata hotaa| kintu yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vaha sthUla manoraMjana ko manoraMjana mAnate hI na hoN| unheM katrtavya-pAlana evaM dharmayukta ceSTAmoM meM hI mano. raMjana-prApti hotI ho / yadi aisA rahA hai, taba to ThIka hI hai| isameM 100 zloka pAe jAte haiM, jaisAki isake nAma meM pAe hue 'zataka' zabda se hI spaSTa hai / isa racanA kI viSaya-vastu hai muniyoM ke kartavyoM kA nirUpaNa / munaveza dhAraNa vAle vyakti ko bAhya prADambara pUrNarUpeNa chor3a denA caahie| use apane upayoga ke lie eka mayUrapicchikA aura kamaNDalu dhAraNa karanA caahie| eka hI samaya bhojana evaM jala, grahaNa karanA caahie| rAtri ke samaya kahIM nahIM jAnA cAhie / jaba koI zraddhApUrvaka bhojana de, tabhI grahaNa karanA caahie| paMcamahAvatoM ke prati pratIva sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| bhASA, eSaNA ityAdi paMca samiti, trigupti, samyakadRSTi, samyagazAna aura samyakcAritra- isa ratna-traya ko dhAraNa karanA caahie| janatA ko prabuddha karanA, dharma para mAsthA rakhanA, prAtmasvarUpa ko pahicAnanA prAdi muniyoM ke kartavya haiM / kavi kI isa racanA ko bhASA-zailI sarala evaM suboSa hai| yaha tyAga kA pAcaraNa karane kI icchA rakhane vAle vyaktiyoM ke lie mAja atyanta upayogI hai| 1. 'chandobaddhapadaM payaM tenaivena ca muktakam / ' - sAhityadarpaNa, 6 / 313

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kavi kI saMskRta kAvyasampadA kA paricayAtmaka pratisaMkSipta rekhAcitra jayodaya mahAkAvya vIrodaya mahAkAvya sudarzanodaya mahA- zrIsamudradattacaritra dayodayacampU kAvya mahAkAvya munimanoraMjanazataka sargasaMkhyA 28 sargasaMkhyA zlokasaM. 28 22 3076 Ect 412 345 100 chandaHsaM. 18 12 aMgI rasa zAnta zAnta zAnta zAnta zAnta aMga rasa zRGgAra, raudra, bIra, karuNa, rodra zRGgAra, karuNa adbhuta aura vatsala pora vatsala / mora vatsala zRGgAra, vIra, hAsya, adbhuta roda, hAsya bIbhatsa pora vatsala mora vatsala / vaidarbhI banI sailI baMdI darnI dI .

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya-eka adhyayana kavi ke pArzanika prantha uparyukta sAhityika granthoM ke atirikta kavi ne saMskRta bhASA meM do pArzanika anya bhI likhe haiM-pravacanasAra evaM samyaktvasArazataka / prabacanasAra meM dravya kA svarUpa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai; bhora samyaktvasArazataka meM samyaktva kA svarUpa evaM samyakadRSTi, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra-nAmaka usake tIna prakAroM ke viSaya meM batAyA. gayA hai| donoM hI granthoM kI ukta varNya-vastu dArzanika hai| ina donoM hI granthoM meM kAvya-zAstrIya vimAnoM kA koI bhI lakSaNa nahIM milatA hai| cUMki hameM apane zodha-prabandha meM kavi kI saMskRta bhASA meM racita sAhityika kRtiyoM kA hI mUlyAMkana karanA hai, isalie ina donoM dArzanika kRtiyoM kA paricaya hama yahA~ na dekara zodhagrantha ke pariziSTa bhAga meM jahA~ kavi kI hindI racanAmoM kA paricaya diyA jAyagA, prastuta kreNge| sArAMza isa prakAra zrI jJAnasAgara kI kRtiyoM ke kAvyazAstrIya parizImana se yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki kavi ne saMskRta bhASA kI sAhityika vidhA meM cAra mahAkAvya, eka campUkAvya mora eka muktaka kAvya kI racanA kI hai| kavi kI ye sabhI sAhityika kRtiyAM usakI bahumukhI pratibhA kA paricaya detI haiM / sAhitya ke prAyaH adhikAMza granthoM meM rasarAja zaGgAra kI mahimA gAI gaI hai, kintu kavi kI racanAtroM ke parizIlana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unhoMne sabhI rasoM kI pariNati zAnta rasa meM mAna lI hai / pUrvajanma kI kapAtroM se bojhila 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' ke atirikta anya kisI bhI racanA meM kathAnaka kA pravAha avaruddha nahIM humA hai / 'sudarzanodaya' aura 'dayodaya' ke kathAnakoM meM to adbhuta pravAha hai| kAvyazAstrIya mAnadaNDoM ko svIkAra karatI huI mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI ye sabhI sAhityika kRtiyA~ sahRdaya sAmAjikoM, dhArmikoM aura kAvyazAstriyoM ko santuSTa karane meM pUrNatayA samartha haiN|

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paJcama adhyAya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA (ka) kAvya meM pAtroM kA mahattva 'pAtra' zabda kA tAtparya hai-rakSA karane vaalaa| isa dRSTi se yadi hama kAvya meM 'pAtra' kI paribhASA kareM, to usa paribhASA kI zabdAvalI hogI--'kAvya meM kathAnaka kI rakSA karane vAle vyaktiyoM ko pAtra kahA jAtA hai|' kisI bhI kAvya ke lie kathAnaka-tatva bahuta prAvazyaka haiM; kintu isa tattva kI mahattA, usa kAvya meM prayukta pAtroM para prAdhArita hotI hai| bhojana ko mahattA bhoktA para, saSTi rUpI raMcamaMca kI mahattA jIvadhArI rUpa kalAkAra para, zarIra kI mahattA usa zarIra meM rahane vAlI zakti para nirbhara hai, isI prakAra kAvya ke kathAnaka kI mahattA pAtroM para prAdhArita hai / pAtroM ko kathAnaka rUpI zarIra kI zakti mAnA jA sakatA hai| zakti ke binA zarIra zava hI hotA hai, isI prakAra pAtroM ke binA kathAnaka kI sattA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| jisa prakAra kisI surabhita kusuma ke cAroM mora bhramara maMDarAte haiM, usI prakAra kathAnaka ke cAroM mora pAtra ghUmate rahate haiM / prataH kAvya ke kathAnaka praura pAtroM ke sambandha ko prasvIkRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / eka pAcaka apane bhojana kI prazaMsA bhoktA ke mAdhyama se suna sakatA hai, isI prakAra kavi apane kathAnaka kA prazaMsanIya prastutIkaraNa pAtroM kI samucita yojanA se ho kara pAtA hai| pAtra hI kavi ke mAnadaNDoM ko sAmAjika taka pahu~cAte haiN| jisa prakAra yajJa meM agni hI yajamAna kI mAhuti devagaNoM taka pahuMcAtA hai, usI prakAra kavi ina pAtroM ke mAdhyama se svayaM ko samAja ke bIca pahuMcAne meM samartha hotA hai| pAtroM ke mAdhyama se hI kavi apane sAhitya ko samAja kA darpaNa banA pAtA hai| nATakakAra kI to sArI saphalatA pAtroM ke hI prastutIkaraNa para nirbhara karatI hai / nATaka ke atirikta upanyAsa, mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvyoM ke lie bhI kAvyazAstrI pAtrayojanA meM mahattva kA udghoSa karate pratIta hote haiM, tabhI to ve kahate haiM ki kAvya ko kathA kisI sajjana ke jIvanavRtta para bhASArita honI caahie| kAvya kA jAyaka udAtta honA cAhie mora kAvya meM usakI vijaya bhI dikhAI jAnI caahie| prataeva kisI bhI kavi kI kAvya ke kathAnaka ke hI samAna pAtroM kI yojanA kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / kAgya meM pAtroM kI saMkhyA aisI ho ki pAThaka pUrA

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148 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kAvya par3hate samaya una sabhI se paricita rahe; aura pramukha pAtroM kA sampUrNa vyaktitva hamAre samakSa prastuta ho jAya / (kha) kavivara jJAnasAgara ke pAtroM kA prAkalana evaM vargIkaraNa zrI jJAnasAgara ne pAMca saMskRta kAvya granthoM kI racanA kI hai-jayodaya, borodaya, sudarzanodaya, zrIsamudradatta caritra praura dayodaya-camyU / sarvaprathama 'jayodaya' ke pAtra Apake samakSa prastuta haiM / 'jayodaya' kAvya meM kathA ko pAThakoM taka pahu~cAne vAle pAtroM kI saMkhyA satraha haiN| unakA paricayAtmaka rekhAcitra isa prakAra hai jayodaya ke pAtra RSi varga rAjavarga rAjasevaka varga bantara bagaM RSirAja RSabhadeva hari pUruSapAtra strIpAtra manavadyamati durmarSaNa sumukha vidyAdevI maMtrI sevaka dUta puruSa pAtra strIpAtra jayakumAra | prakampana | anantavIrya sulocanA prakSamAlA prakIrti bharata cakravartI puruSapAtra strIpAtra vyantara deva strIveSadhArI deva sapiNI _ 'vIrodaya' meM kavi ne jina pAtroM kA avalambana lekara kathAnaka ko gati pradAna kI hai, ve sAta prakAra ke haiM / unakA paricaya nimnalikhita rekhAcitra se kiyA jA sakatA hai

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divya pAtra I puruSa pAtra 1 indrAdi devatA T varddhamAna puruSa pAtra sudarzana indrANI T RSi varga | svapnAvalI kA tAtparya batAne vAle RSi / RSi / I puruSa pAtra T puruSa pAtra siddhArtha gautama indrabhUti zrAdi gyAraha garaNadhara priyakAriNI 'sudarzanodaya' kAvya kI kathA kavi ne solaha pAtroM dvArA upasthita kI hai / isa kAvya ke pAtroM kA rekhAcitra isa prakAra hai sudarzanodaya ke pAtra 1 bRSabhadA dhAtrI hana vIrodaya ke pAtra I strI pAtra 1 sAgara datta punadAsa ko upadeza dene vAle zrI, hI deviyA~ i rAja varga kapila 1 rAjasevaka varga puruSa pAtra dvArapAla I vadhika strI pAtra abhayamatI manoramA zradivya pAtra kapilA ' strI pAtra paNDitAdAsI strIpAtra T praja varga devadattA vezyA jinamati strI pAtra kapilA kI dAsI

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15. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana bhava prastuta hai-zrI samudradattacaritra ke bIsa pAtroM kA paricayAtmaka rekhAcitra zrIsamudraktacaritra ke pAtra RSi varga RSi varga rAjavarga rAjasevakavarga pravAvarga puruSa pAtra strI pAtra | pUrNaviSu | bhadrabAhu | guNavatI mAyikA / hiraNyavatI ! muni dAntamati paramaM harizcandra pihitAzrava mubirAja, muni, muni puruSa pAtra strIpAtra siMhasena | rAjA aparAjita rAmadattA / citramAlA pUrNacana nAmaparAjita sundarI pAtra strI pAtra strIpAtra sampapoSa iimmalla rAmadattA kI sevikA puruSapAtra strIpAtra bhadramitra sudatta sumitrA

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA 1-52 :: 'dayodayacampU' meM kavi ne kathAnaka - nirvAha ke lie pandraha pAtroM kI parikalpanA kI hai, jinakA paricayAtmaka rekhAcitra isa prakAra hai RSi varga I puruSa pAtra ' vaSabhadata somadatta ke pUrva janma kI kathA sunAne vAle muni dayodaya ke pAtra I rAja varga 1 guNamAlA strIpAtra 1 somadatta ke mana meM vairAgya utpanna karane bAle muni rAjasevaka varga vRSabhadattA rAjasevaka puruSapAtra I somadatta guNapAla govinda mahAbala cANDAla viSA T maMtrI prajAvagaM strIpAtra 1 guNamati vasantasenA zrI jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-granthoM kA anuzIlana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne apane kAvyoM meM samAja ke prAyaH pratyeka varga ke pAtroM ko liyA hai / vahA~ eka bhora unake kAvyoM meM indrAdi devatAoMoM ko liyA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI bhora cANDAla varSika aura pizAca yoni vAle prANiyoM ko bhI liyA hai| eka mora apane pati siddhArtha se prema karane vAlI rAnI priyakAriNI hai, to dUsarI ghora vAsanA se andhI rAnI abhayamatI bhI hai| isa prakAra unake pAtroM meM kautukajanaka vividhatA vidyamAna hai / aba zrIjJAnasAgara ke sabhI pAtroM kA, unakI koTi ke prAdhAra para, nimnalikhita rekhAcitra prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai

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152 mAnava varga puruSa pAtra | ( sabhI satpAtra haiM) 1 RSi varga 1 puruSa pAtra T satpAtra eka hI dRSTi meM zrIjJAnasAgara ke pAtra 1 deva varga 1 satpAtra strI pAtra puruSa pAtra 1 strI pAtra ( sabhI satpAtra haiM ) mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana rAjavarga 1 puruSa pAtra T satpAtra kuTilapAtra satpAtra kuTilapAtra 1 puruSa pAtra kuTila pAtra puruSa pAtra ( sabhI kuTila pAtra haiM) strIpAtra I kuTilapAtra satpAtra satpAtra mAnavetara varga strI pAtra (sabhI kuTila pAtra haiM) rAjasevaka varga prajAvagaM vyantara bagaM 1 strI pAtra T kuTilapAtra strI pAtra kuTila pAtra

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA 153 uparyukta rekhAcitra ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrI jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM hameM aThAraha koTi ke pAtra gocara hote haiM / nimnalikhita sAriNI se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAyagA ki kavi ke samasta pAtra kitane haiM ? aura kisa koTi meM prAte haiM koTi 1. (ka) mAnava varga varga 4. 5. RSivarga ke puruSa pAtra 2. RSivarga ke strI pAtra 3. rAjavarga ke puruSasatpAtra rAjavarga ke kuTila puruSapAtra rAjavarga ke strotpAtra 6. rAjavarga ke strI kuTilapAtra 7. rAjasevaka varga ke puruSa pAtra 8. rAjasevaka varga ke puruSa kuTila pAtra 6. rAjasevaka varga ke strI satpAtra 10. rAjasevaka varga ke kuTila strI pAtra nAma saMkhyA svapnAvalI kA artha batAne vAle RSirAja, seTha vRSabhadAsa ko dIkSA dene vAle munirAja, somadatta ke pUrvajanma kI kathA sunAne vAle muni, somadatta ke mana meM vairAgyabhAvanA jagAne vAle munirAja, varadharma munirAja, pUrNavidhu muni, harizcandra muni, bhadrabAhu pihitAzravamuni, jayakumAra ko upadeza dene vAle munirAja evaM RSabhadeva / guNavatI prAyikA, dAntamati evaM hiraNyavatI / 11 siddhArtha, vardhamAna, dhAtrIvAhana, vRSabhadata, sihasena, pUrNacandra, rAjA aparAjita, jayakumAra, prakampana, bharatacakravartI evaM jayakumAra kA putra / arkakIrti / priyakAriNI, vRSabhadattA, guNamAlA, rAmadattA, sundarI, citramAlA, sulocanA praura akSamAlA / rAnI zrabhayamatI / dhammilla, dvArapAla, vRSabhadatta kA sevaka, kAzInareza kA dUta, anavadyamati maMtrI evaM aratvAhana kA rAjabadhika / satyaghoSa tathA prarkakIrti kA sevaka rAmadattA kI sevikA tathA vidyAdevI / paNDitA dAsI 11 1 8

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iny 11, prajAvarga ke puruSa satpAtra 12. prajAvarga ke kuTila puruSapAtra 13. prajAvarga ke strIsatpAtra jinamati, manoramA, guNamati, biSA, vasantasenA evaM sumitrA / 14. prajAvarga ke kuTila strIpAtra kapilA, devadattA tathA kapilA kI dAsI (ka) mAnavetara varga 15. devavarga ke puruSa satpAtra 16. devavarga ke strI satpAtra 17. vyantara varga ke kuTila puruSa pAtra mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyaya gautama indrabhUti, vRSabhavAsa, sudarzana, sAgaradatta, kapila, mahAbala, somadatta, gobinda, bhadramitra, sudatta, vadhika evaM cANDAla / seTha guNapAla 18. vyantaravarga ke kuTila strI pAtra indra tathA anya devagaNa indrANI tathA anya zrI, hI prAdi devIgaraNa vyantarI kI yoni meM avasthita sarpiraNI kA svAmI vyantara, makararUpadhArI deva tathA strIrUpa dhArI deva / sarpiNI 2 pAtroM kA kula yoga 76 uparyukta sAriNI se spaSTa hai ki kavi ne prapane kAvyoM meM kula 76 pAtra prayukta kiye haiN| inameM se mAnava varga meM 68 bhora mAnavetara varga meM 8 pAtra mAte haiN| mAnava varga ke kula puruSa pAtroM kI saMkhyA 44 hai / inameM se 40 pAtra satpAtra haiM mora 4 kuTila haiN| mAnava varga ke strIpAtroM kI saMkhyA 24 hai / inameM se 16 satpAtra haiM aura 5 kuTila pAtra / devavarga meM cAra pAtra haiM, para haiM sabhI satpAtra / vyantara varga meM bhI cAra hI pAtra haiM, para ye sabhI kuTila pAtra haiM / mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke pAtroM ke uparilikhita vargIkaraNa meM 'mAnava varga' se hamArA tAtparya usa varga ke pAtroM se hai jo pRthvI para janma lete haiM; bar3hate haiM aura prapanI jIvanalIlA isI basundharA para karate haiN| isa varga meM bhI varIyatA kI dRSTi se hamane RSivarya ko sarvaprathama mAnA hai / (ka) vivarga zrI jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM RSivarga ke pAtroM meM hamane unheM mAnA hai jo mokSa kI ghora prasara haiM, pUrNatayA sattvaguNopeta haiM; sAMsArika bhogavilAsoM se milipta haiM, prajJAnAndhakAra meM nimagna janatA ke prabodhaka haiM, apane devopama vyavahAra se mAnavaloka evaM devaloka ke madhya meM sthita rahate haiM prora manuSya jaise hote huye bhI bhapane 'divya guNoM ke kAraNa sarvabandha hai /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA 155 ___ kavivara zrI jJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM meM RSivarga ke caudaha (puruSa aura strI) pAtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake ye pAtra vyaktigata paricaya se hIna hokara hamAre sAmane mAte haiN| isameM inako aitihAsikatA evaM vAstavikatA sandigpa ho pAtI hai| prataH ye hameM kAlpanika pAtra se pratIta hone lagate haiN| kintu ye pAtra hamAre lie vanya bhI ho jAte haiN| kyoMki jaba puruSa muni banatA hai, taba sAMsArika bhoga-vilAsa kA parityAga karake apane sAMsArika nAma kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| usake lie mAtmA kA koI mahattva nahIM rahatA; paramAtmA hI usake lie sarvasva hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM janatA ko prabuddha karanA hI usakA nAma pora kAma hotA hai| phira samAja unake nAma ko nahIM, kAma ko pUjatA hai| samAja ko jAgarita karane vAlI aisI hI divyavibhUtiyoM kA varNana kavi ne RSivarga ke pAtroM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| (kha) rAvavarga kavi dvArA prayukta rAjavarga ke pAtroM se hamArA tAtparya una pAtroM se hai, jo kisI deza ke rAjA haiM, rAjA kI striyAM haiM, rAjakumAra haiM aura rAjakumAriyAM haiN| mataH rAjavarga ke pAtroM se tAtparya hai rAjaparivAra pAtra / kavi ne rAjavarga ke 21 pAtroM ko prayukta kiyA hai| isa varga ke pAtra macchI se acchI prakRti vAle haiM aura duSTa se duSTa prakRti vAle bhI / jahA~ muni apanI divya vANI se janatA para zAsana karate haiM, vahAM isa varga ke pAtra apane bhujabala se janatA para zAsana karate haiN| prataH varIyatA kI raSTi se inakA sthAna dvitIya hai| (ga) rAjasevaka varga isa varga meM rAjavarga kI sevA karane vAle pAtra pAte haiN| inako tIna zreNiyoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai / maMtrI, sabhAsara ityAdi rAjakarmacArI prathama zreNI ke pAtra haiM / dvArapAla, dUta ityAdi dvitIya zreNI ke pAtra haiN| baSika, cANDAla ityAdi tRtIya zreNI ke pAtra haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki hamAre pAlocya mahAkavi zrI jJAnasAgara ne ina tInoM hI zreNiyoM ke pAtroM ko kAvyoM meM prAvazyakatAnusAra prayukta kiyA hai| ina pAtroM kI kula saMkhyA 11 hai| isa saMkhyA meM puruSa pAtra evaM strIpApa-donoM hI sammilita hai| (gha) prajAvarga uparyukta pAtroM ke atirikta nAgarika pAtra 'prajAvarga' ke antargata pAte haiN| ina pAtroM ko rAjakIya karmacAriyoM ke adhIna rahanA par3atA hai, isalie varIyatA kI dRSTi se inakA caturtha sthAna hai / bhASika dRSTi se ina pAtroM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai, uccavargIya pAtra-jaise seTha vRSabhadAsa, seTha guNapAla, seTha sAgarapatta mAvi madhyavargIya pAtra jaise, govinda gvAlA, kapila pAdi; aura nimnavargIya

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana pAtra-jaise vadhika, cANDAla prAdi / kavi ne apane kAyoM meM tInoM hI zreNI ke pAtroM ko prayukta kiyA hai / kavi ke kAvyoM meM ina pAtroM kI saMkhyA 22 hai| mAnavetara varga isa varga meM ve pAtra pAte haiM, jina : pRthvI se sambandha nahIM hotA; aura yadi hotA bhI hai to bahuta hI kama / ye pRthvIloka ke atirikta anya lokoM meM bhI vicarate rahate haiN| isa varga ke pAtroM ke bhI do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM, deva varga mora vyntr-vrg| (ka) deva varga svarga loka meM rahane vAle, pralaukika guNoM aura samAdi se yukta pAtra isa varga ke antargata Ate haiM : kavi ke kAvya meM isa varga ke 4 pAtra prayukta kiye gaye haiindra, devagaNa, indrANI aura bhI, hro deviyA~ / ye sabhI pAtra manuSya loka ke prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane ke kAraNa satpAtroM ko koTi meM prAte haiN| (kha) vyantara varga isa varga meM pizAca pora yakSa yoni ke pAtra pAte haiM. jinameM manuSyoM meM prApta hone vAlI sAmAnya vizeSatAnoM kA prabhAva hotA hai / ' prAya: isa varga ke pAtra mAyAcArI hote haiM aura apanI mAyA se janasAmAnya ko kaSTa dete haiM / zrI jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM ina kuTila pAtroM kI saMkhyA 4 hai / uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki hamAre pAlocya kavi zrI jJAnasAgara ne samAja meM prApya pratyeka pramukha varga aura prakRti vAle pAtroM ko apane kAvyoM meM upasthita kiyA hai / praba una pAtroM meM se katipaya aise pAtroM kA caritra-citraNa prastuta hai, jinhoMne kAvyoM ke kathAnakoM ko pramukha rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai / jayodaya ke pAtra jayakumAra yaha samrATa bharata ke senApati haiN| hastinApura kA zAsana inake hI adhIna hai / jayakumAra ke pitA kA nAma hai somadeva : kAzInareza mahArAja prakampana kI putrI sulocanA inakI patnI hai| jayakumAra 'jayodaya' nAmaka kAvya ke nAyaka haiM / kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se inako dhIrodAtta nAyaka kI. zreNI meM rakhA jA 1. vyantaraH (viziSTaH antaro yasya-prA. b.)| pizAca, yakSa prAdi eka prakAra kA atiprAkRtika praannii| -vAmana zivarAma prApTe kA saMskRta-hindI-koza, (prakAzaka-motIlAla banArasIdAsa) pRSTha saMkhyA 685 2. jayodaya, 61

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI mAtrayojanA 157 sakatA hai| vIratA--jayakumAra apratima yoddhA hai / eka cakravartI ke senApati meM jo guNa hone cAhieM, ve saba ina meM haiM / jayakumAra ke hI kAraNa bharata ko sadaiva vijaya kI prApti huI hai / apane bhI sabhI trunoM ko inhoMne samApta kara diyA hai / inakI vIratA kA udAharaNa dekhiye--sulocanA ne svayaMvara meM jayakumAra kA cunAva kiyA; bhora inake gale meM jayamAlA DAla dI . prataeva jayakAra ke sAtha sulocanA kA vivAha honA nizcita ho gyaa| isI boca jayakAra kA eka pratidvandvI-markakIti apane eka sevaka ke kahane para japaka mAra se yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai / aise samaya meM jayakumAra mahArAja prakampana ko dhairya baMdhA kara yuddha karane ke lie tatpara ho jAte haiN| yaha apanI senA sahita arkakIrti ke sAtha bar3o vIratA se lar3ate haiM mora vijaya bhI prApta kara lete haiM / parama jaina dhApika - jayakumAra ko jinendra bhagavAna para pUrNa prAsthA hai / pratidina niyamapUrvaka yaha sandhyopAsanA ke sAtha jina bhagavAna kI pUjA karate haiN| yaha pratyeka RSi kA svAgata karate haiM aura unake dvArA batAI gaI dharma kI sabhI bAtoM ko dhyAnapUrvaka sunate bhI haiM / arkakoti ko parAjita karane ke bAda bhI yaha prAyazcitta rUpa meM jinadeva kI stuti karate haiM / 5 jaba yaha grora pulocanA donoM apane pUrvajanmoM kA smaraNa karate haiM, taba jayakumAra apanA rAma rAjya para bhAI vijaya ko sauMpa kara tIrthATana ke lie nikala par3ate hai / himAlaya parvata meM sthita eka deva laya meM jAkara yaha jinadeva kI stuti karate haiM 6 jaba jaya kumAra ke hRdaya meM ragya utpanna hotA hai, usa samaya yaha jaina dharma dIrtha : ra RSabhadeva ke pAsa cale jAte haiM aura unase dIkSA kI yAcanA karate haiM / imare pazcAt tapasyA karate haiN|" prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva evaM saundayaM -... jayakumAra prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva aura saundayaM ke svAmI haiN| inhoMne kacchapa 1. mahAsattvo'tigambhIraH kSamAvAnavikatthanaH / / sthiro nigUDhAhAro dhIrodAtto dRddhvrtH| _ -- dazarUpaka, 2 / 4 kA uttarArdha aura 5vIM kA pUrvAdhaM / 2. jayodaya, 7 / 83-115, 8 / 1-84 3. vahI, 16vA sarga 4. vahI, 188-112, 2 / 1-141 5. vahI, 886-65 6. vahI, 24158-85 7. vahI, 26 / 38-107, 27vA sarga, 27.1.66

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158 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya -eka adhyayana kI bhAMti pRthvI kA bhAra sambhAla rakhA hai| yaha vidvAn bhI haiN| pratApa meM sUrya ke samAna haiN| inakI kIrti candramA kI jyotsnA ke samAna hai| yaha yAcakoM kI prabhilASA pUrNa karane vAle haiN| inakI bhujAya indra ke hAtho ko sUMDa ke samAna lambI paura balazAlI haiN| rAjA jayakumAra se ho pRthvI kA rAjanvatI nAma sArthaka hai| inake sundara caraNoM ke samakSa kamaloM kI koI ginatI nhiiN| inake hAtha kalpavRkSa ke samAna haiM / inake netra nIlakamala ke samAna haiN| kamala paura candramA prayatna karake bhI inake mukha kI samatA nahIM kara sake haiN| inakA galA zaMkha ko parAjita karane vAlA hai|' atyanta yazasvI jayakumAra ke uparyukta guNoM se prabhAvita hokara hI sulocanA ne cakravartI ke putra ko bhI chor3akara unakA varaNa kiyaa| kAzInareza kA dUta bhI baba sunocanA ke svayaMvara kA samAcAra lAtA hai, taba vaha bhI jayakumAra ko sulocanA ke lie sarvathA yogya batA detA hai| rAjanItijJa aura vinamra jayakumAra eka zreSTha rAjanItijJa bhI haiN| inakI sabhA zaratkAlIna rAjahaMsa ke parivAra ke samAna hai, jisameM vidvAn aura sahRdaya sabhAsad baiThate haiN| usa sabhA meM prajA kA hita cAhane vAle maMtrI, kuzala purohita mora kArya meM tatpara dUta haiN| jayakumAra ke guNoM kA prasAra karane vAle cAraNa bhI haiN| eka yogya rAjA ke samAna jayakumAra sabhA meM pAye huye kAzInareza ke dUta kA svAgata karate haiN| yuddha meM markakIti ko parAjita karane ke bAda jaba yaha sulocanA se vivAha kara lete haiM, taba yaha bharata cakravartI ke pAsa prayodhyA jAkara apane aparAdhahetu kSamAyAcanA bhI karate haiN| bhramaNazIla jayakumAra ko ghUmane kA bahuta zauka hai / yaha Aye dina vana-upavana meM vihAra karane jAte rahate haiM / vivAha ke pazcAt apane sAthiyoM sahita gaMgA nadI ke taTa para par3Ava DAla dete haiN| yahAM para inake sAthI vana-krIDA karate haiN| aba sulocanA aura jayakumAra ko apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai, taba jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha tIrthATana ko nikala par3ate haiN| sumeru, udayAcala pora himAlaya parvata para bhramaNa karate haiN| 1. jayodaya, 113-63 2. vahI, 3 / 67 3. vahI, 2011-31 4. vahI, trayodaza evaM catudaMza srg| 5. vahI, 34 / 1-57

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA 159 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jayakumAra meM yazasvitA, satyapriyatA, bhakti, sundaratA, aparAjeyatA mAdi sabhI zreSTha guNa vidyamAna haiN| sulocanA yaha kAzI ke rAjA prakampana kI putrI hai| isakI mAtA kA nAma suprabhA hai| yaha 'jayodaya' kAvya ke nAyaka jayakumAra kI patnI maura kAvya kI nAyikA hai / isakI choTI bahina kA nAma prakSamAlA hai| saundaryazAlinI. sulocanA lAvaNya kI nidhi haiN| isakA aMga-pratyaMga sundara hai / nitya navIna saundarya ko dhAraNa karane vAlI sulocanA candralekhA ke samAna sabako prasanna karane vAlI hai / isane kumArAvasthA ko chor3akara yuvAvasthA meM praveza kara liyA hai / isake hApa kamala ke samAna haiN| candramA isake mukha ko kAnti kI kucha hI samatA dhAraNa karatA hai| kAjala se yukta isakI prAMkheM logoM ke hRdaya ko manAyAsa hI mAkarSita kara letI haiM / isakI bhauheM kAmadeva kI dhanulaMtA ke samAna haiM / isakA aparoSTha bimba phala ke samAna raktavarNa vAlA hai / isakI coTI nAgina ke samAna laharAtI huI kAle bAloM vAlI hai / madhyadeza meM rasakUpikA ke samAna nAbhi suzobhita hai| vidhAtA ne mAnoM nAbhirUpI bAbar3I ko kharIdane ke lie hI romarAjirUpI kadAlI kA nirmANa kiyA hai / isakA zarIra suvarNa ke samAna kAntiyukta hai| isakI jaMghAyeM gola aura romoM se rahita haiN| udara para trivali suzobhita hai|' isake netra machalI ke samAna caMcala haiM / isake stana kAlAguru ke lepana se yukta evaM puSTa haiN| isake caraNa-kamaloM kI kAnti lAla hai / isa maganayanI kA saundarya rambhA ko bhI parAjita karane vAlA hai| isa vizAla nitamboM vAlI sulocanA kI trivalI meM sarasvatI, lakSmI aura satI kI zobhA vidyamAna hai| catura aura guNagrAhikA svayaMvara-maNDapa meM aneka rAjA baiThe haiN| vidyAdevI sulocanA ko pratyeka rASA kA paricaya detI jAtI hai| vidyAdevI ke paricaya meM kaso vyaMjanA hai ? ise yaha acchI taraha samajha jAtI hai / saba rAjAoM ko chor3akara jaba sulocanA bayakumAra ke pAsa pahu~catI hai, taba vidyAdevI jayakumAra kA vistRta prazaMsAtmaka paricaya detI hai| jayakumAra ke guNoM se prabhAvita hokara yaha jayakumAra ke gale meM jayamAlA DAlakara anya rAjAoM ko nirAza kara detI hai| 1. ayodaya, 3137-62 2. vahI, 11vA srg| 3. vahI, 6 / 5-127

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160 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana vora aura pativratA pAryalalanAmoM ke samAna sulocanA pativratA strI hai| apane guNoM se isane jayakumAra ko apane vaza meM kara liyA hai| jana cakravartI bharata ke pAsa se lauTakara punaH jayakumAra gaMgAnadI ke taTa para pahu~cate haiM, taba eka deva makara kA rUpa dhAraNa karake jayakumAra ke hAthI para AkramaNa karanA cAhatA hai / isa samaya jayakumAra ko vipatti meM dekhakara yaha 'namoMkAra' mantra kA jApa karatI hai; aura apane satItva ke prabhAva se jayakumAra kI rakSA karatI hai|' tIrthATana ke samaya parvata kI zobhA dekhate hue sulocanA pati se alaga ho jAtI hai| isI samaya eka devI virahiNI strI ke rUpa meM jayakumAra ke pAsa pAtI hai| jayakumAra jaba usake saMga kI prArthanA ko ThukarA dete haiM, taba vaha unako lekara bhAgatI hai| usa samaya bhI sulocanA kiMkartavyavimUr3ha na hokara usa devI ko phaTakAratI hai / phalasvarUpa vaha devI jayakumAra ko chor3akara calI jAtI hai / ___ isa prakAra sulAcanA meM zIla, svAbhimAna, dharya, patibhakti mAdi sabhI zreSTha guNa milate haiN| apane inhIM guNoM ke kAraNa yaha apane pati ko prasanna karane meM samartha hai| prakoti-- ___ yaha cakravartI bharata kA putra hai| yamI kAvya ke nAyaka jayakumAra isake pitA ke hI senApati haiM, kintu prema ke kSetra meM yaha unakA pratidvandvo hai| IrSyAlu salocanA svayaMvara meM pranA rAjAroM ke samAna hI arkakIrti ko bhI nirAza honA par3atA hai / arka kIti kA eka seka durmarSaNa jayakumAra ke utkarSa ko sahane meM asamartha hokara apane svAmI ko japAmAra aura rAjA prakampana ke viruddha bhar3akAtA hai / taba yaha sevaka ke kahe vanaroM ko dinA vivAre nAna letA hai; aura kAzIrAja ko mArakara unako putrI sulocanA ko lAne kA prAdeza de detA hai| isa samaya isako jayakumAra ke senApatitva se bhI IrSyA ho jAtI hai / pravinIta kAzIrAja evaM jayakumAra ke viruddha evaM nirAzA aura krodha se yukta vacana sunakara isakA anavadyamati nAma kA maMtrI ise samajhAtA hai aura kAzI aura jayakumAra se bharata cakravartI ke sneha-sambandhoM kI bAta para vicAra karane kA upadeza 1. jayodaya, 2048-65 2. vahI, 24 / 105-146 3. vahI, 7 / 22

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA detA hai / kintu prakIrti koSAviSTa hokara maMtrI ke upadeza se jarA bhI prabhAvita nahIM hotaa| prAtmavizvAsa meM kamI markakIti kA apanI hI buddhi para avizvAsa hai / svayaMvara meM parAjita hokara vaha svayaM jayakumAra se vaira nahIM tthaantaa| kintu apane sevaka ke uttejita karane para hI ise jayakumAra ke prati krodha pA jAtA hai|' bammI evaM madonmata pakIrti kI icchA kA samAcAra kAzIrAja prakampana ke pAsa bhI pahuMcatA hai / taba vaha apanA eka dUta isako zAnta karane ke lie bhejate haiN| para yaha Tasa se masa nahIM hotA aura bayakamAra se yuddha kI taiyArI karane lagatA hai / phalasvarUpa isakA jayakumAra se ghora yuddha hotA hai / yuddhavIra jayakumAra ke samakSa isakA garva cUra ho jAtA hai aura jayakumAra isako bandI banA lete haiN| ise apane cakravartI ke putra hone kA garva hai| dezakAla ke mAna evaM svAmimAna se rahita . jayakumAra prakIti ke pitA ke senApati haiM, prataeva unake zorya meM koI saMdeha nahIM honA cAhie / itanA jAnate hue bhI yaha unase yuddha karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai / madonmata parkakoti samajhatA hai ki sulocanA kA vivAha usI se honA cAhie pA, prataH dezakAla kA vicAra kiye binA hI vivAha ke mAMgalika avasara para bASA upasthita kara detA hai| isake mana meM svAbhimAna kA pUrNarUpeNa prabhAva hai| parAjita evaM apamAnita hone ke bAda bhI yaha kAzIrAja prakampana kI dUsarI putrI pakSamAlA se vivAha karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki yapi prakIti bharatacakravartI kA putra hai, tathApi dambha, madonmattatA, koSa, vaira, IrSyA, avizvAsa ityAdi isameM pracura mAtrA meM haiN| apane ina durguNoM ke kAraNa hI yaha prema ke kSetra meM to parAjita hotA hI hai, yuddhakSetra meM bhI parAjaya hI prApta karatA hai / isakI ina viziSTatAmoM ko dekhakara ise kAvya kA salanAyaka kahA jA sakatA hai|' 1. jayogya, 12-44 2. bahI; 71-7 1. vahI, 7 / 55-115, 8 / 1-14 4. vahI, 745-46 5. vahI, 19 1. mundho pIroitaH stambaH pApadvyasanI ripuH / ' -zarUpaka, 29 kA uttraarss|

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162 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya -eka adhyayana rAjA prakampana rAjA prakampana bharata cakravartI ke adhInastha rAjA haiN| yaha kAzI nagarI para zAsana karate haiN| inakI patnI kA nAma saprabhA hai| hemAMgada ityAdi inake eka hajAra vIra putra haiM / sulocanA pora akSamAlA inako do putriyAM haiM / yaha rAjanItijJa haiN| mIra inake svabhAva meM kicit bhIrutA bhI hai| svayaMvara meM sulocanA bayakumAra kA varaNa karatI hai aura parAjita prarkakIti kruddha ho jAtA hai / taba cakravartI ke putra ke krodha ko dekhakara yaha ghabar3A jAte haiM / apanI putrI ke saubhAgya maura cakravartI ke putra ke krodha ke bIca yaha atyanta kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA kA anubhava karate haiN|' cakrayartI kI kopa-bhAjanatA se bacane ke lie apanI dUsarI putrI prakSamAlA kA vivAha prakIti se kara dete haiN|2 yogya sAmanta evaM jimmedAra abhibhAvaka rAjA prakampana eka yogya sAmanta haiN| vaha apane rAjya kI pratyeka ghaTanA bharata cakravartI ke pAsa bhejate rahate haiN| prakakIrti ke vivAha kA samAcAra bhI yaha unake pAsa bheja dete hai| isase samrATa ke prati inako vinamratA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| pratyeka suyogya abhibhAvaka ke samAna rAjA prakampana bhI apanI patriyoM ke vivAha ke prati cintita haiN| sulocanA kA vivAha vaha svayaMvara-vidhi se sampanna karate haiM, aura akSamAlA kA vivAha prarkakoti ko yogya samajhakara usake sAtha kara dete haiN| -- dayA, mamatA, sneha se yukta rAjA akampana vAstava meM stutya haiN| vIrodaya ke pAtrabhagavAna mahAvIra.. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lokavizruta caritra ko prAja na kevala jainadharmAnuyAyI jAnate haiM, apitu bhArata kA prAya: pratyeka prabuddha nAgarika jAnatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra jainadharma ke 24veM tIrthaGkara haiN| kuNDanapura ke zAsaka rAjA siddhArtha kI paTarAnI priyakAriNI ke garbha se prApakA janma caitramAsa kI zukla-pakSa kI trayodazI 1. jayodaya, 755 2. vahI, 19 3. vahI, 6 / 62 4. vahI, sarga 3, sarga 7 5. vahI, 13, 16.

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA 16.3 ko huA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra lokanAyaka to haiM hI, sAtha hI 'vIrodaya' mahAkAvya ke nAyaka bhI haiM / ' kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se bhagavAn ko ghIrazAnta zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva bhagavAn mahAvIra pradbhuta vyaktitva ke svAmI haiN| prabhI unakA garbhAvataraNa ho hudhA hai ki sArI pRthvI harI-bharI ho gaI hai / mahApuruSoM ke janma se pahale unheM janma dene vAlI mAtAeM kucha divya svapna dekhatI haiM, aise hI solaha svapnoM ko mahAvIra kI mAtA priyakAriNI ne dekhA thA / yaha bhagavAn kA hI prabhAva hai ki unake garbhAvataraNa ke pazcAt unakI mAtA kI sevA ke lie indra ne zrI, hI prAdi deviyoM ko bheja diyA / devarAT indra bhagavAn ke janma para unake abhinandana ke lie, grantha devagaNoM ke sAtha bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi kuNDanapura pahu~ca jAte haiM prora sumeru parvata para le jAkara bhagavAn kA abhiSeka karate haiN|" bhagavAn ke bar3hate hue saundarya ko dekhakara hI unake pitA ne unakA nAma 'zrIvardhamAna' rakha diyA / unakA zarIra pUrNa svastha thA / yuvAvasthA kI prora bar3hate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra meM hameM r3hatA, tyAga aura saMyama kI triveNI dekhane ko milatI hai| vaha pitA dvArA kie gae vivAha ke prastAva ko r3hatA se prasvIkRta kara dete haiN| kona sA yuvaka hogA, jo vivAha se apane ko vimukha rakha sake ? para mahAbIra to tyAga aura saMyama kI mUrti haiM / unake pitA rAjA siddhArtha ko bhI unake isa dRr3ha nizcaya ke bhAge jhukanA hI par3atA hai / " unase dveSa rakhane vAlA gautama indrabhUti bhI apane ko unake caraNoM meM samarpita kara detA hai / " yaha nahIM, unake vyaktitva se prabhAvita hokara na jAne jitane loga jaina matAvalambI bana jAte haiM / 1. netA vinIto madhurastyAgI dakSaH priyaMvadaH / raktalokaH zucirvAgmI rUDhavaMzaH sthiro yuvA || buddhayutsAhasmRtiprajJAkalAmAnasamanvitaH / zUro dRDhazca tejasvI zAstracakSuzca dhArmikaH / / bahI, 24 vIrodaya, 2 / 27, 34-61 2. 3. 4. vahI 5 / 1-8 5. bahI, 716-38 6. vahI, 86 7. vahI, 8 / 22-45 8. vahI, 8 / 46 4. vahI, 13032 - dazarUpaka, 211-2

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164 berAgya bhAvanA rAjakumAra hote hue bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra meM tyAga bhIra vairAgya vaise hI vidyamAna haiM jaise vastra meM tantu / yuvaka mahAvIra ke samakSa eka mora pitA dvArA prastuta vivAha kA prastAva hai aura dUsarI prora sAMsArika prANiyoM ke duHkha se utpanna rAgya kA prAgamana hai / aisI sthiti meM bhagavAn kiMkartavyavimUr3ha nahIM hote / vaha sthirahRdaya se bhoga kA mArga chor3a kara tyAga prora verAgya kA mArga cuna lete haiM / ' prANiyoM meM zAnti ke prabhAva dhaura samAja meM vargavAda tathA viSamatA ke sAmrAjya ne unheM tyAga kI ghora pragrasara kara diyaa| saMyama kA pravalambana lekara bhagavAn ne samasta sAMsArika sukhoM ko tilAMjali de hI dI / 2 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana tarkaraNA aura cintanazIlatA bhagavAn mahAvIra apane pitA ke vivAha sambandhI prastAva ko ThukarAte samaya adbhuta tarkaNAzakti kA paricaya dete haiN| strI ko vaha sabase bar3A bandhana mAnate haiM, unakI zakti se unake pitA bhI prabhAvita hote haiM / cintanazIla to itane haiM ki saMsAra kI duHkhamayI dazA ko dekhakara usake duHkha ko kama karane ke pratirikta phira anya kisI vastu ke bAre meM nahIM socate / cintana karate-karate apane pUrvajanma kA bhI unheM jJAna ho jAtA hai / taba apane pUrvajanma meM kie gae duSkRtyoM se utpanna pApa ko dUra karane ke lie vaha prAtmazuddhi kI ora pragrasara ho jAte haiM / 4 niSkapaTa vyavahAra pora namratA- bhagavAn meM IrSyA, dveSa, krodha ityAdi durguNoM kA lezamAtra bhI nahIM hai / unhoMne panI namratA bhora vivekazIlatA se ho sabako jIta liyA hai| unake sAtha koI bhI kaisA hI vyavahAra kyoM na kare, para unakA prAcaraNa sabake prati freepaTa hI rahatA hai / gautama indrabhUti jo unase dveSa rakhatA hai, usake sAtha bhI vaha namratA kA vyavahAra karate haiM / pratizodha kI bhAvanA kA unake mana meM koI sthAna nahIM hai / 'tapasvI bhagavAn ke prAtmacintana se apane pUrvajanma meM kie gae acche bure kAryoM kA jaba jJAna hotA hai, tava brAtmazuddhi ke upAyarUpa meM upratapazcaraNa karate haiN| unheM apane zarIra se jarA bhI mamatA nahIM hai| sabhI prakAra ke prAkRtika parivartanoM ko 1. vIrodaya, 8 / 21-45 2. vahI, 6 / 1-17, 1011-26 3. vahI, 130, 46 4. vahI, 10038, 111-44 5. vahI, 13 / 25-29

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA vaha sahate rahe / zIta meM siharana, varSA meM jaladhArA pora grISma kA saMtApa, unakA kucha na vigAr3a sake / unhoMne bhUkha-pyAsa para bhI vijaya prApta kara lo| anta meM vaizAkha mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI dazamI tithi ko unheM kaivalya jJAna prApta ho gayA pora unakA antaHkaraNa pUrNarUpeNa nirmala ho gyaa|' paropakArI bhagavAn ne jo ugratapazcaraNa kiyA, unameM koI svArtha nihita npaa| sAMsArika prANiyoM ke duHkha ne hI unheM vairAgya kI ora agrasara kiyA thaa| jisa prakAra eka acchA cikitsaka rogiyoM kI ucita cikitsA ke lie svayaM prazikSaNa grahaNa karatA hai. usI prakAra janatA ko prabuddha karane ke lie bhagavAna ne bhAtmazuddhi kI, aura phira janatA kI sevA meM laga ge| jana dharma ke vyAkhyAtA bhagavAna meM adbhuta vyAkhyAnazakti hai / unhoMne apane vyAkhyAnoM dvArA janatA ko RSabhadeva ke jainadharma ke sampUrNa sAra-tatva se paricita kraayaa| unakI adbhuta vyAkhyAna zakti se prabhAvita hokara hI gautama indrabhUti ityAdi gaNapara unake vazavartI ho gae / apanI vyAkhyAna-zakti ke kAraNa vaha mArAjaraMka sabhI ke bandha bana gae the| sAMsArika prANiyoM ke duHkha se duHkhI, trikAlaja, bhaktavatsala, mahiMsAdharma ke upadezaka, bhagavAna mahAvIra vAstava meM hama sabake lie pUjya hai|' rANA siddhArya rAjA siddhArtha videha deza meM avasthita kuNDanapura nagara ke zAsaka haiN| unameM saumpayaM, dhairya, dAnazIlatA, prajAvatsalatA, svAsthya, parAkrama, yaza, sampatti ityAdi guNa vidyamAna hai / vaha zreSTha dhanurdhara haiM / puruSArSa-catuSTaya ke zAtA haiN| varNAzramavyavasthA kA samyaka prabandha karane meM ruci rakhate haiM / sampUrNa vivAnoM se sampanna hai evaM rAjanItika bhI haiN| unameM mAnavakSa prabukha hai| rAnI priyakAriNI kI svapnAbalI kA mayaM batAne meM unheM kisI kI sahAyatA upekSita nahIM hai / zatruSoM kA saMhAra karane vAle vaha rAjA apanI rAnI priyakAriNI se pratyadhika prema karate haiM, aura usakI surakSA hetu prayatna bhI karate haiM / 1. bIrodaya, 12 / 22-4. 2. bahI, 61-17, 1012-21 3. vahI, 6 // 24, 33-38 4. vahI, 3 // 1.14 5. bahI, 4137-62

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana aise hI yogya zAsaka ko, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unake ghara meM janma lekara pitA banane kA saubhAgya prApta karAyA hai| bhagavAn ko putra rUpa meM prApta karake siddhArtha adhika harSita hote haiN| unakA lAlana-pAlana bar3e cAva se karate haiN| apane putra kI hara icchA pUrI karane meM saceSTa rahate haiN| uttaradAyI pitA kI taraha yuvAvasthA prAne para putra kA vivAha bhI karanA cAhate haiN| kintu putra ko vairAgya bhAvanA ko dekhakara, usake.jJAna aura usake prati pratizaya sneha ke kAraNa usase punaH punaH gRhastha jIvana vitAne hetu haTha bhI nahIM karate / ' prata: rAjA siddhArtha jJAna, saMtoSa, dharmazIlatA ityAdi guNoM ke samUharUpa haiN| priyakAriNI ___ yaha rAjA siddhArtha kI paTTamahiSI haiN| inheM mahAvIra ko mAtA hone kA saubhAgya prApta hai / yaha saundarya aura prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva se sampanna haiN| yaha rAnI apane madhura vyavahAra se sabako mAkarSita karane vAlI haiN| sabhI yAcakoM kI kAmanA pUrNa karane vAlI haiM / inakA mukha candra ke samAna sundara hai| inake zarIra ke aMga zreSTha upamAnoM ke upameya haiN| inake netra caMcala aura karatala maMge ke samAna lAla haiN| yaha sundara ceSTAnoM aura saundarya se rAjA siddhArtha ke mana ko jItane meM pUrNa samartha haiN| inakI bhujalatAmoM meM kamalanAla kI sI komalatA hai, bAla atyanta ghane haiM, gamA zaMkha ke samAna hai, jaMghAyeM puSTa aura sundara haiM, tathA stanadvaya paryApta samunnata haiN| inameM vidyA mora buddhi donoM vidyamAna haiM / vinamratA, saralatA, nirmalatA, dUradazitA ityAdi guNa inameM atizayatA se vidyamAna haiM / yaha jainadharmamatAvalambinI haiN| sAtha hI yaha jaina-dharma ke niyamoM mora pAlanIya kartavyoM ko acchI taraha jAnatI bhI haiM / apanI sevA ke lie AI huI deviyoM ke sAtha yaha madhura vyavahAra karatI haiN| unheM samaya-samaya para jana-dharma kA upadeza bhI detI haiM / inake guNoM se prAkaSTa deviyA~ inakI sevA bar3I tatparatA se karatI haiN| __ yaha pativratAmoM meM agragaNya haiN| apane mana kI koI bAta pati se nahIM vipAtI haiM / yaha pati ko prasanna karanA bhI jAnatI haiN| rAtri meM dekhe gae solahasvapnoM ko yaha prAtaHkAla hote hI apane pati ko batA detI haiN| bhagavAn ko patra rUpa meM pAkara yaha apane ko dhanya samajhatI haiM / isa prakAra yaha zreSTha striyoM meM apane guNoM se mUrdhanya haiN| 1. vIrodaya, 8 / 22-46 2. vahI, 3 // 15-36 1. vahI, 221-34 4. vahI, 5-18, 35-42 5. vahI, 4127-36 ... vahI, 4162, 6 / 40

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pArayojanA zrI, hro deviyA~ ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbhAvataraNa ke pazcAt devarATa indra kI prAjJA se zrI, hrI ityAdi deviyAM mAtA priyakAriNI kI sevA hetu pAtI haiN| rAjA kI anumati pAte ho rAnI kI sevA meM juTa jAtI haiN| yaha deviyA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati hRdaya meM bhakti ko dhAraNa karatI haiN| apane ArAdhya deva kI mAtA kI sevA karake ve apane ko dhanya samajhato haiM / mAtA ke sAtha-sAtha hI bhagavAn kI pUjA bhI kara letI haiN| ye atyanta prAjJAkAraNI haiN| rAnI priyakAriNI kI pratyeka prAjJA zira jhakA kara svIkAra kara letI haiM. praura puna: navIna prAjJA kI pratIkSA karatI haiN| ve rAnI ko sevA niSkAma bhAva se karatI haiN| unheM sevA ke badale meM koI pArizramika nahIM lenA hai / basa, unakA kAma to indra kI prAjJA ko pUrA karanA hai / ye sabhI deviyA~ atyanta kAyaM kuzala haiN| rAnI ko snAna karAne, usakI sAja sajjA karane, use susvAdu bhojana karAne, gIta-natya-vAdyAdi se usakA manoraJjana karane, use namaNa karAne, usake sAtha dharmavArtA karane ityAdi sabhI kAryoM meM pAraMgata haiM / vyavahArakuzalatA bhI inakA guNa hai| ye rAno se atyanta madhura maura vinamra vyavahAra karatI haiN| usako kabhI akelA nahIM chodd'tii| usakI sevA meM prahamahamikayA bhAga letI haiN| rAnI kI icchApro meM koI bAdhA upasthita nahIM krtiiN| apane sundara vyavahAra se zIghra hI ye deviyAM mAtA ko anukUla karane meM saphala ho gayIM, aura usake hRdaya meM inhoMne apane lie sthAna bhI banA liyaa| sudarzanodaya ke pAtra :sudarzana sudarzana vaizyakulabhUSaNa hai / usake pitA nagara ke pratiSThita seTha haiN| usakI mAtA jinamati vAstava meM hI jinamati bhagavAn ke prati buddhi rakhane vAlI hai| adhika saundaryazAlI hone ke kAraNa ho pitA ne unakA nAma sudarzana rakhA hai| 1. bIrodaya, 5 / 4, 6, 16 2. bahI, 515, 7 3 vahI, 5 / 8-16, 25, 26, 33-42 4. sudarzanodaya, 204 5. 'sutadarzanataH purA'sako jinadevasya yayau sudarzanam / iti cakAra tasya sundaraM sutarAM nAma tadA sudarzanam // ' vahI, 3315

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana usane apanI bAlakrIr3AmoM se apane mAtA pitA evaM parijanoM ko moha liyA hai|' usameM mahApuruSoM ke lakSaNa haiN| isI kAraNa usakI mAtA usake janma ke pUrva usakI ghoratA, dAnavIratA; sadguNasampannatA, devapriyatA, mumukSatA mAdi guNoM ko sUcita karane vAle sumeru parvata, kalpavRkSa, ratnAkara, nima pragni aura prAkAzacArI vimAna ko svapna me dekhatI haiN| sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya kA nAyaka sudarzana 'sudarzanodaya' mahAkAvya kI kathA kA kendra hone ke kAraNa isa kAmya kA nAyaka hai / kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se use dhIraprazAnta nAyaka kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| marabhuta grahaNa zakti ___ sudarzanodaya meM kisI vastu ko grahaNa karane kI adbhuta kSamatA hai| kumArA. vasthA meM vidyAprApti ke lie use gurujanoM ke pAsa bhejA gayA / zIghra hI usane sabhI vicAmoM ko grahaNa kara liyaa| sarasvatI devI usakI vazavartinI ho gii| mAdarza premI aura pati jina mandira meM pUjana ke lie gayA huA sudarzana, seTha sAgaradatta kI putrI manoramA ke prati prAkarSita ho jAtA hai| bAda meM sudarzana evaM manoramA kA vivAha bhI ho jAtA hai, kintu sudarzana aisA manukUla nAyaka hai ki manoramA ke atirikta anya kisI strI kI ora prAMkha uThAkara bhI nahIM dekhtaa| sAdhAraNa striyoM kI to bAta ho kyA, rAnI abhayAvatI ke sAmantraNa ko bhI vaha ThakarA detA hai| spaSTa hai ki pUrvajanma ke samAna hI isa janma meM bhI vaha manoramA se saccA prema karatA hai| pairAgyamAvanA jaise hI sudarzana ke pitA eka RSirAja se dIkSA lekara muni bana jAte haiM, 1. sudarzanodaya, 3120-27 2. vahI, 2011-18, 36-4. 3. sAmAnyaguNayuktastu dhIrazAnto vijAdikaH / -dArUpakaH zacaturSa kA uttarArSa / 4. sudarzanokya, 3131 5. bahI, 234, 48 1. 'anukuulssveknaayikH|' -dazarUpaka, 217vIM kArikA ke uttarArSakA antima prnn| 7. sudarzanodaya, 29

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA vaise hI usake mana meM bhI virakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| vaha bhI una muni se apane hRdaya kI durbalatA kA nivedana karatA hai| kapila brAhmaNI, rAnI mabhayamatI pora devadattA vaizyA ke kutsita mAcaraNa se usake mana meM utpanna humA vairAgya kA bIja aMkura kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| anta meM apanI patnI ke sahayoga praura sahamati se vairAgya kA aMkura vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| apane satprayatna se bAda meM vaha kaMvalya lAma bhI kara letA hai| RSi-makti evaM sevA bhAvanA apane pitA ke hI samAna sudarzana ke hRdaya meM bhI samAja ke utAraka RSiyoM prati bhakti-bhAvanA hai| seTha vaSamadAsa ko dImA dene vAle RSi ke prati to vaha natamastaka ho hI jAtA hai, sAtha hI unake samajhAne para prAdarza-gahastha dharma kA pAlana bhI karatA hai| vairAgya utpanna ho jAne para vaha jinamandira ke eka munirAja se dIkSA lekara digambara muni bana jAtA hai| usake mana meM RSi muniyoM ke prati bhaktibhAvanA isa janma se nahIM, apitu pUrvajanma se hI vidyamAna hai| pUrvajanma meM bhI usane eka RSi kI niSkAma bhAva se sevA kI thii| jaina dharma ke prati prAsthAvAna sudarzana kI jainadharma maura jinendradeva para atyadhika zraddhA hai / samaya-samaya para vaha jinamandiroM meM jAkara apane bhaktibhAvanA se motaprota gItoM se bhagavAn ko prasanna karane kA prayatna karatA rahatA hai| muniyoM dvArA vyAkhyAta jainadharma ke upadezoM kA bhI usa para khUba prabhAva par3atA hai| anta meM svayaM jainadharma kA mahAn jJAtA bana jAtA hai aura janatA ko dharmAcaraNa-hetu prerita bhI karatA hai / ' tyAgo sudarzana ke pAsa bhoga ke sAdhanoM kI koI kamI nahIM hai / usakerU pa-saundarya para mohita hokara kapilA, abhayamatI aura devaratA use mAmantrita karatI haiN| 1. sudarzanodaya, 4115 2. vahI, 4115 3. bahI, 220, 721-26 4. bahI, 23-32 5. vahI, 985-86 6. vahI, 447 7. vahI, 8 // 32 8. vahI, 4132-25 bahI, paJcama sarva ke prArambha ke gIta / 10. vahI, 9 / -10, 3-71

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170 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kintu vaha yuktipUrvaka tInoM striyoM ko ThukarA detA hai, vAsanA kA koI bhI karaNa use chUne meM asamartha hai|' sudarzana ke prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva se prAzcaryacakita rAjA ghAtrIvAhana use apanA rAjya taka dene ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai, kintu vaha use grahaNa nahIM krtaa| anta meM apanA ghara bhI chor3a detA hai / vAstava meM usakA tyAga sarAhanIya hai| saMgIta priya - sudarzana meM sAhitya, saMgIta aura bhakti kA adbhuta samanvaya dRSTigocara . hotA hai / vaha jinadeva kA bhakta hai / jinadeva kA pUjana karate samaya vaha jina bhajanoM ko gAtA hai, unameM aneka rAga-rAginiyoM kA prayoga karatA hai| use prabhAtakAlIna rAga rasika rAga, kAphI holikArAga, zyAmakalyANa prAdi zAstrIya rAgoM kA jJAna hai| usake dvArA prastuta eka bhajana meM usako sAhityapriyatA, saMgItapriyatA paura bhaktibhAvanA kA darzana kIjiye "kadA samayaH sa samAyAdiha jinapUjAyAH // kaJcanakalaze nirmalajalamadhikRtya maJjugaGgAyAH / vArAMdhArA visarjanena tu padayojina mudrAyAH layo'stu kalaGkakalAyA: / / " --'sudrshnody'-5| kAphI holikArAga-gIta kI prathama paMktiyAM / cAritrika dRr3hatA--- sudarzana meM pAThaka ko prabhAvita karane vAlA guNa hai-usako cAritrika dRr3hatA / manoramA se vivAha ho jAne ke pazcAt, kapilA, prabhayamatI pora devadattA ne pRthaka-pRthaka use DigAne kI koziza kI, kintu vaha parvatarAja himAlaya kI taraha acala rahA / usako dRr3hatA ke sAmane tInoM kulaTAnoM ke prayatna niSphala ho gye|' kalpanA kIjiye ki striyoM ke ina kucakroM se puruSa aprabhAvita kaise raha sakatA hai ? yaha to sudarzana jaise dRr3ha vyaktitva se hI sambhava hai / vaha kapilA ko yukti se, abhayamatI ko mauna se aura devadattA vezyA ko dhArmika vacanoM se parAjita karake apanI stutya sahanazIlatA kA paricaya detA hai| vinamra evaM sarala sudarzana meM eka aora himAlaya kI sI dRr3hatA hai to dUsarI mora phaloM ke bhAra se nata vakSoM ke samAna vinamratA bhii| kapilA ko dAsI ke vacanoM para vaha zIghra 1. sudarzanodaya, 547, 7 / 26, 6 / 30 2. vahI, 8 / 12-28 3. vahI, 147, 7 / 30, 93.

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA ... 171 hI vizvAsa karake usake ghara cala par3atA hai| striyoM ke durAcaraNa ke pratizoSa kI bhAvanA usake mana meM nahIM paatii| vaha itanA lajjAzIla hai ki apane mora manoramA ke prema kA nivedana svayaM apane mAtA-pitA ke samakSa nahIM kara paataa| mitroM ke mAdhyama se hI usake pitA usakI manodazA jAna pAte haiN| rAjA dhAtrI. vAhana jaba apanI rAnI ke jhUThe prapaJca para vizvAsa karake usako daNDita karanA cAhate haiM, taba bhI vaha vinamra hokara apane mauna se unakI prAjJA. svIkAra kara letA hai / prataeva sudarzana madhura vyavahAra vAlA, lokapriya, navayuvAvasthA meM vidyamAna, tejasvI, paramadhArmika evaM pavitra prAcaraNa karane vAlA hai / manoramA yaha campApura meM nivAsa karane vAle sAgaradatta nAmaka seTha kI putrI hai aura 'sudarzana' kAvya ke nAyaka sudarzana kI patnI hai| ata: yaha isa kAvya kI nAyikA hai| kAvya-zAstrIya dRSTi se ise svIya nAyikA kI zreNI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| saundaryazAlinI manoramA kA saundarya nagara meM prasiddha hai| usake isI saundarya para sudarzana mugdha ho jAtA hai aura usase prema karane lagatA hai| sadarzana ke pUrvajanma kI kathA batAne vAle RSirAja bhI usake saundarya kI prazaMsA karate haiN| usake saundarya mora saubhAgya kA varNana rAnI prabhayamatI bhI karatI hai / 5 kapilA bhI usake saundarya kI mora prAkRSTa hai / pativratA manoramA sudarzana ko prathama darzana se hI prema karane lagatI hai / mitroM se samAcAra jAnakara jaba vRSabhadatta manoramA aura sudarzana kA vivAha kara dete haiM, taba to manoramA pUrNarUpeNa hI usakI ho jAtI hai| usake pAtivratya meM usakA pUrvajanma 1. sudarzanodaya, 342 2. vahI, 736, 8 / 4-8 3. 'nAyakasAmAnyaguNabhavati yaghAsambhavaryaktA / / .. vinayAvAviyuktA gRhakarmaNA pativratA svIyA / -sAhityadarpaNa, 3 / 68-66 4. devIyaM te mahAbhAga samA samatilottamA / ' ___ -- sudarzanodaya, 4 / 38 kA uttarArdha / 5. vahI, 65 6. vahI, 64

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172 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kA saMskAra bhI sahAyaka hai / vaha pUrvajanma meM bhI, jaba sudarzana bhIma pA, usakI patnI thii| yaha usake pAtivratya kA hI prabhAva hai ki sudarzana anya kisI strI para mAsakta nahIM hotA / jaba sudarzana usake samakSa mokSAnugAmI hone kI icchA prakaTa karatA hai, to vaha bhI usI mArga kA anusaraNa karatI hai aura AryikA banane kA nizcaya kara letI hai| vaha sadaiva pati ke anukUla rahatI hai aura usakI imyAmoM kA prAdara karatI hai| vairAgyamAvanA se yukta ___ satpathagAminI manoramA ne pUrvajanma meM eka bAra eka dhonI kI putrI ke rUpa meM janma liyA thaa| isa janma meM prAyikA-saMgha kI saMgati meM vaha kSullikA ho gaI paura uccakulIna striyoM ke hI samAna pUjyA ho gii| pratyAvazyaka vastra pora pAtroM ke atirikta usane anya sabhI vastuoM kA parityAga kara diyaa| aneka gaNoM se sampanna vaha upavAsa ityAdi bhI rakhatI thI, aura hiMsA se sarvathA dUra thii| isa janma meM bhI manoramA vaisI hI nirmala antaHkaraNavAlI hai| pUrvajanmoM ke saMskAravA pati ke vairAgya dhAraNa karate hI vaha svayaM bhI prAyikA banane kA nizcaya kara letI hai| manoramA ke nizcaya se sudarzana kA prAtmabala aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| prAyikA banakara manoramA sAre prapaMcoM ko tyAga detI hai|" saMkSepa meM manoramA.prapane saundarya, patibhakti, madhuravyavahAra, saramatA, saMtoSa ityAdi guNoM ke kAraNa hI striyoM meM zreSTha ho jAtI hai, aura prabhayamatI, kapilA, ityAdi ko parAjita karake pAThaka ke hRdaya meM nAyikA ke rUpa meM sthAna pA letI hai| pramayamatI yaha campApura ke rAjA dhAtrIvAhana kI rAnI hai / apane rUpa, saundara pora pAturya se yaha apane pati ko rijhAne meM samartha hai| sAtha hI kuTilatA bhI isameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai| yaha kAmAnya hai aura apane durAcaraNa se kAgya kI sama. nAyikA bhI hai| 1. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 28-29, 37 2. "prANAdhAra bhavAMstu mAM pariharetsamavAJchayA nivate: kinvAnandanibandhanastvadaparaH ko me kulInasthitaH / nAhaM tvatsahayogamujjhitamalaM te yA gatiH seva mestvAryAbhUyatayA carAni bhavataH sAnnidhyamasmin krame // " . -suvarzanodaya, 8 / 27 3. vahI, 4128-37 4. vahI, 8 / 33.34

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA sudarzana kI prazaMsaka-- udyAna-vihAra ke lie ekatra logoM meM kapilA, prabhayamatI ityAdi striyAM bhI haiM / kapilA manoramA kA paricaya jAnanA cAhatI hai to rAnI prabhayamatI use rAjaseTha sudarzana kI batAtI hai / vaha sudarzana ko darzanIya puruSazreSTha batAtI hai / ' I kAnmAradha sudarzana se samAgama kI icchaka rAnI vAsanA meM itanI mandhI ho jAtI hai ki use apanI bhaura apane pati kI pratiSThA kA jarA bhI dhyAna nahIM rahatA / spaSTa hai ki bahu mAtra prapane pati se santuSTa nahIM hai, vaha prapanI paNDitA dAsI se sudarzana ko mahala meM le mAne kA prAgraha karatI hai / paNDitA dAsI use usakI sthiti samajhAtI hai ki eka rAjamahiSI kI aisI ceSTA ThIka nhiiN| sAtha hI vaha sItA jaisI pativratA striyoM kA prAdarza usake samakSa rakhatI hai, kintu kAmAndha, haThI rAnI usakI kisI bAta se prabhAvita nahIM hotI, vaha punaH punaH paNDitA dAsI se yena kena prakAreNa sudarzana ko le mAne kA prAgraha karatI hai, vivaza hokara paNDitA ko usakA prAgraha mAnanA hI par3atA hai| 173 nirlajja - fostA dAsI yuktipUrvaka sudarzana ko rAnI ke pAsa le prAtI hai mIra usako palaMga para liTA diyA jAtA hai| rAnI harSita hokara sudarzana ke samakSa apanI saMbhogaicchA prakaTa kara detI hai / nirlajjatA ke sAtha-sAtha vaha zarIra ke vastroM ko utArate hue sudarzana kI kAmAgni ko prajvalita karane kI ceSTA karatI hai| durAcAriNI - sudarzana ko DigAne meM prasamartha hokara jaba rAnI prabhayamatI nirAza ho jAtI hai, to vaha paNDitA dAsI se usako kakSa se bAhara karane kA upAya pUMchatI hai / paNDitA dAsI ke samajhAne para jora-jora se hallA macAkara samasta parijanoM ko ekatra kara letI hai / jisa sudarzana se samAgama kI usane icchA kI thI, usako 1. sudarzanodaya 6 / 5 2. bahI, 6 / 19 3. vahI, 6 / 20- 23, evaM 23 ke bAda kA gIta / 4. vahI, 6 / 29 evaM sAtha kA gIta / 5. bahI, 7 / 16-20

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174 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana apamAnita karavAne meM bhI usane koI kasara na rkhii|' . sudarzana ke nirdoSa siddha ho jAne para usane nindA ke bhaya se prAtma-hatyA kara lI mora pATaliputra meM vaha vyantarI devI ho gii| isa yoni meM prAkara bhI usane tapasvI sudarzana ko nahIM chor3A aura use bhauti-bhAMti ke kaSTa diye / isa prakAra rAnI prabhayamatI kuTilA striyoM kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI hai| seTha vaSamadAsa- yaha campApura kA prasiddhiprApta vaizyavara hai| sadguNa, caturAI, cintanazIlatA dAnazIlatA ityAdi guNa isameM pracura mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiN| yaha kAvya ke nAyaka sudarzana kA pitA hai| patnI evaM putra se prema rakhane vAlA seTha vRSabhadAsa ko apane putra mora patnI se atyadhika prema hai| muni ke mukha se santAna-prApti ke viSaya meM sunakara ise pratyadhika harSa hotA hai; aura patnI ke garbhavatI hone para yatnapUrvaka usakI rakSA karatA hai| apane yahAM putrotpatti kA samAcAra jAnakara harSita hotA hai / vAtsalya se isakA hRdaya bhara jAtA hai| prasUtikA-gRha meM jAkara mAtA evaM zizu kA gandhodaka se saMskAra karatA hai / putra ke saundarya ko dekhate hue yaha usakA nAma 'sudarzana' rakha detA hai| uttaradAyI pitA sudarzana pora manoramA ke paraspara prema vyavahAra ko jAnakara yaha putra ke lie cintita ho jAtA hai| manoramA ke pitA sAgaradatta kI prArthanA para yaha prasannatApUrvaka manoramA aura sudarjana ke vivAha kI svIkRta de detA hai| jinadeva kA makta aura dAnazIla ___seTha vRSabhadeva kI jinadeva para pUrNa prAsthA hai| patnI ke svapna dekhane para 1. "pAvajatA''vrajata tvaritamitaH bho dvAsthajanAH ko'yamamitaH / muktakaJcuko daMzanazIlaH svayamasaralacalanenAzlIlaH / bhujago'yaM sahasA'bhyantaritaH pAvajatA''vrajata tvaritamitaH // 1 // parirUpo'smAkaM yo'pyamanAkkusamandhyatAbhisata manAH (1) / kAmalatAmiti gacchatyabhitaH pAvajatA''vrajata tvaritamitaH // 2 // -sudarzanodaya, 7|shlok 34 ke bAda kA gIta 2. vahI, 8 / 35 3. vahI, 2137-46 4. vahI, 34-5, 7, 12, 15 5. vahI, 346-47

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA 175 yaha usako lekara mandira jAtA hai|' putra prApti ho jAne para bhI jinadeva ke mandira jAkara usakA pUjana karatA hai / isI avasara para nAgarikoM ko pracura mAtrA meM dhana detA hai / jana-muniyoM para prAsthA ___ seTha vRSabhadAsa jina muniyoM ke prati pratizraddhAvAn haiN| patnI ke dvArA dekhe gae svapnoM kA vRttAnta jAnane ke lie yaha eka muni kI hI zaraNa meM jAtA hai, mora paura vinaya pUrvaka prapanA abhiprAya unase kahatA hai / sudarzana ke vivAha ke pazcAt nagara ke upavana meM mAe hue RSirAja kA darzana karane ke lie saparivAra prasthAna karatA hai / unake dharmopadeza se prabhAvita hokara daigambarI dIkSA grahaNa kara letA hai| spaSTa hai ki seTha vRSabhadAsa snehazIna pati, pitA evaM eka dhArmika nAgarika jinamati yaha seTha vRSabhadAsa kI patnI hai| yaha sukumAra dehayaSTi vAlI, saundaryasampannA, sarala, pativratA, pratithi vatsalA, AbhUSaNa susajjitA, kAle kezapAzoM se yukta, macche kArya karane vAlI, madhurabhASiNI bhora jinadeva kI parama bhakta hai|' ise sudarzana kI mAtA hone kA saubhAgya prApta hai / / zreSTha puruSoM kI mAtA ke samAna hI ise bhI putra ke janma se pUrva divya svapna dikhAI dete haiN| isa prakAra kulIna striyoM ke guNoM se yaha vibhUSita hai / pAtrIvAhana yaha aMga deza meM sthita campApurI kA zAsaka hai| yaha anupameya, pratApazAlI, nItijJa, yuddhavIra, prajAvatsala aura atyadhika dAnazIla hai| kuTilA rAnI abhayamatI isI kI patnI hai / yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA hI samakAlika hai| apanI patnI para . isakA pratyadhika vizvAsa hai aura yaha sabase adhika prema bhI karatA hai| sambhavataH 1. sudarzanodaya, 2 / 24 2. vahI, 315 3. vahI, 36 4. bahI, 2 / 22-34 5. vahI, 4114 6. vahI, 2 / 4-6 ..7. vahI, 2010-16 8. vahI, 1138-40, 45

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mahAkavimAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana abhavamatI ko kuTilatA para dhyAna nahIM detaa| apanI patnI se prema ke kAraNa mora baldabAjI se yaha kisI aura kI bAta nahIM sunatA / isalie abhayamatI ke pralApa ko sunakara yaha vina soce-bicAre sudarzana ko apane sevakoM dvArA cANDAla ke pAsa bheja detA hai| cANDAla ke prahAra ke nirarthaka ho pAne para rAjA svayaM hI sudarzana ko mArane kI icchA se ghaTanAsthala para pahuMca jAtA hai| kintu prAkAzavANI se vAstavikatA kA jJAna hote hI yaha sudarzana ko mahimA se paricita ho jAtA hai, usase kSamA mAMgatA hai, yahAM taka ki apanA rAjya bhI use sauMpane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| eka napa meM spiramatitA evaM vivekazIlatA kA jo gaNa hotA hai, usakA dhAtrIvAhana meM pUrNa prabhAva hai / gambhIratA se vicAra karane kI isameM zakti nahIM hai| yaha kabhI kisI ke pakSa meM ho jAtA hai aura kabhI kisI ke| isI kAraNa yaha ucita nyAya karane meM bhI asamartha hai| kapilA brAhmaNI yaha campApura meM rahane vAle kapila brAhmaNa ko strI hai| yaha kAmavAsanA se bagdha rahatI hai / anya vighnabAdhAmoM ke samAna sudarzana ke sAdhanA-mAgaM meM yaha bhI bASA-svarUpA hI hai| kAmukI mandira se lauTate hue sudarzana ke rUpa-saundarya para mohita ho jAtI hai / apanI dAsI se chata-pUrvaka sudarzana ko ghara bulavAtI hai / tatpazcAt usase praNayanivedana karatI hai| pratizoSamAvanAvatI vasantotsava meM sabhI nagaravAsiyoM ke sAtha yaha bhI bana-vihAra ke lie pahu~catI hai / sudarzana kI patnI manoramA ko dekhakara yaha rAnI abhayamatI se usakA paricaya pUMchatI hai| rAnI abhayamato se manoramA maura sudarzana kA paricaya pAkara apane ko ThagA jAnakara yaha prathama to lajjita hotI hai aura phira rAnI dvArA die mae ulAhanoM kI cintA na karake rAnI ko sudarzana ko vaza meM karane ke lie cunautI de detI hai| 1. sudarzanogya, 736 2. vahI, 8-5-7, 10, 12-13 3. baho, 5 // 1.20 4. vahI, 13-15

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA 177 uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki kapilA nArIjAti ke lie kalaMka ke samAna hai| usameM kAmukatA, nirlajjatA, dhUrtatA, pratizodha kI bhAvanA, caMcalatA aura majJAnatA ityAdi sabhI dugaMNa vidyamAna haiN| paNDitA dAsI yaha rAnI prabhayamatI ko dAso hai / yaha paramabuddhimatI, prAjJAkAriNI paura svAmibhakta hai / avamara pAne para yaha acche se acchA aura bure se burA kAma kara sakatI hai, basa rAnI ko prajJA honI caahie| sudarzana ko pAne ke lie vyAkula rAno kI mAnasika vedanA ko yaha nahIM saha pAtI, aura zIghra hI usake duHkha kA kAraNa bhI pUchatI hai| prabhayamatI ko vAstavikatA kA jJAna hote hI yaha use samajhAtI hai / apanI bAtoM se yaha rAnI ko prabuddha karanA cAhatI hai. ise apanI svAminI ke pada kI pratiSThA kA bahuta dhyAna hai| svAminI ko samajhAne ke lie dAsI hote hue bhI sItA jaisI striyoM ke pAtivratya dharma kA paricaya dekara pAThaka ko svAminI ke prati apane hitacintana kA paricaya detI hai / buddhimatI ___ jaba yaha dekhatI hai ki isake vacanoM kA rAnI para koI prabhAva nahIM par3A, taba yaha punaH rAnI ko samajhAtI hai| use sudarzana ke yaza kA bhI jJAna hai| sAtha hI parapuruSa aura parastrI ke prati dRSTipAta ko usI prakAra samajhatI hai, jaise ki koI kuttA jUThe bhojana ko khAye / ' svAmibhakta anta meM svAminI ke durAgraha para prapane astitva kA bhI smaraNa karatI hai ki vaha rAnI kI dAsI hai, upadezikA nhiiN| isalie apanI upadezAtmaka pravRtti ko chor3akara svAmibhakta sevaka kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai aura pUjA hetu miTTI ke putale lAne ke bahAne vaha sadarzana ko zmazAna se uThA lAne kI yojanA banAtI hai| paura eka dina uThA bhI lAtI hai| 3 pUrta jaba rAnI apanI ceSTA meM asaphala ho jAtI hai, taba vaha punaH paNDitAdAsI se sudarzana ko vahAM se haTAne kA upAya pUchatI hai| taba hRdaya se duHkhI paNDitAdAsI rAnI se 'triyAvaritra' dikhAne ko yukti prayoga meM lAne ko kaha detI hai| usakI yaha yukti bhI kAma kara jAtI hai aura sudarzana ke prANoM para bana pAtI hai| 1. sudarzanodaya, 6 / kloka 25 ke bAda kA gota / 2. vahI, 6 / 16 mora usake bAda kA gIta / 3. vahI, 78, 16 4. vahI, 7 / 33 / 36

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178 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana pratizoSamAvanAvatI sudarzana ke nirdoSa ho jAne para jaba rAnI prAtmaghAta kara letI hai, taba paNDitAdAsI campApura chor3akara pATaliputra pahu~ca jAtI hai| vahAM rahane vAlI eka devadattA vezyA kI sevA karane lagatI hai, aura use saba vRttAnta sunA detI hai| yaha use sadarzana ke vrata ko bhaMga karane ke lie prerita karatI hai| para asaphalatA milane para anta meM devadattA ke sAtha-sAtha vaha bhI prAyikA-vrata dhAraNa kara letI hai|' isa prakAra paNDitAdAsI meM hameM svAmibhakti, kuzalatA, buddhimattA ityAdi guNoM ke sAtha hI dhUrtatA, pratizodha kI bhAvanA ityAdi durguNoM kI bhI jhAMkI dekhane ko mila jAtI hai| jahAM apanI svAmibhakti se yaha puraskaraNIya hai vahAM sudarzana jaise nirdoSa vyakti ko bAra-bAra pIr3A pahuMcAne ke kAraNa daNDanIya bhI hai / devadattA vezyA yaha pATaliputra meM rahane vAlI eka vezyA hai| rAnI abhayamatI kI dAsI campApura se bhAgakara isI kI zaraNa meM prAtI hai / vivekahIna yaha vivekahIna strI hai| yaha sudarzana ko apanI icchA se nahIM, balki paNDitArAnI ke kahane para pathabhraSTa karane kI ceSTA karatI hai| paNDitAdAsI se sudarzana kA paricaya pAkara use ghara le pAtI hai / kAmukI yaha sudarzana ke yativeza kI haMsI ur3AtI hai, aura bAra-bAra usake saundarya kI prazaMsA karatI hai / sudarzana ke dharmasammata vacanoM se aprabhAvita rahakara apanI kAmaceSTAmoM se use prabhAvita evaM uttejita karane meM prayatnazIla ho jAtI haiN| 3. sudarzana kI bar3hatA se prabhAvita .. devadattA ke tIna dina taka prayatna karane para bhI sudarzana avicalita hI rahate hai, taba yaha unakI dRr3hatA se pratyanta prabhAvita bhI ho jAtI hai, unakI sahanazIlatA, namratA, buddhimattA, paropakAraparAyaNatA prAdi guNoM kI stuti karake unase kSamAyAcanA karatI hai aura unase dharmopadeza karane kI yAcanA karatI hai| 1. sudarzanodaya, 674 2. vahI, 9 / 12-13 3. vahI, 9 / 14-16, 27 aura usake bAda ke gIta, evaM 28 4. 'ityevaM padayodayodayavatonanaM patitvA'tha sA samprAhA''dariNI guNeSu shminstvaatmiiynindaadshaa| svamistvayyaparAddhamevamiha yanmohAnmayA sAmprataM mantavyaM tadaho punIta bhavatA deyaM ca sUktAmRtam // -sudarzanodaya 631

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA sudarzana ke vacanoM se prabhAvita - sudarzana ke jainadharmopadezAmRta ko sunakara aura unakA prAzIrvAda pAkara devadattA kA moha naSTa ho jAtA hai / mana meM virakti utpanna ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha sudarzana munirAja se dIkSA lekara prAyikA vrata ko dhAraNa kara letI hai / " devadattA meM kAmaceSTAyeM, vAsanAyukta kathana ityAdi to isake vyavasAya anurUpa hI haiM / isameM eka hI durguNa vidyamAna hai, vaha yaha ki sudarzana ko DigAne meM usane paNDitA dAsI kI kubuddhi kA upayoga kiyA, apane mastiSka kA nahIM / anya striyoM (kapilA aura prabhayamatI) kI prapekSA yaha bhAgyazAlinI hai, tabhI to apane aparAdha ke mArjana hetu yaha sudarzana se kSamAyAcanA karake tyAga aura verAgya kA mArga apanA letI hai / zrIsamudradattacaritra ke pAtra - 'bhadramitra 176 zrIpadmakhaNDanagara meM rahane vAle vaizyavara sudatta aura unakI patnI sumitrA ke putra kA nAma bhadramitra kI / prapane guNoM ke kAraNa vaha bAlaka satpuruSoM meM prazaMsanIya hai| acchI-acchI bAtoM ko vaha zIghra hI grahaNa karane vAlA hai / kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se vaha 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' mahAkAvya kA ghIra-prazAnta nAyaka / kavi ne usake cAra janmoM kA citra isa kAvya meM khIMcA hai / svAvalambI praura karmaTha bhadramitra apane sAthiyoM ke bIca eka aisI kathA sunAtA hai jisameM svAvalambana kI zikSA milatI hai / usa kathA ko sunate hI bhadramitra apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha svayaM ghanAjaMna karane kA nizcaya kara letA hai / apane nizcaya ko vaha apane pitA ke samakSa prastuta kara detA hai| usake nizcaya ko sunakara jaba usake mAtA-pitA, usake dUra jAne kI bAta se duHkhI hokara use rokanA cAhate haiM to vaha bhAvuka na hokara pitA kA dhyAna kartavya kI ora lagAtA hai aura ghara se ratnadvIpa jAkara vaha ratnAdi prApta bhI kara letA hai / 3 vidA le letA hai / vinamra aura tArkika - bhadramitra ekamAtra putra hone para bhI prapane mAtA-pitA ke samakSa vinamra hokara hI prapanI icchA prastuta karatA hai| usake dhanavAn pitA jaba usake dhanArjana kI ceSTA ko anAvazyaka batAte haiM, taba apane tarkoM se vaha pitA kA muMha banda kara detA hai / 1. sudarzanodaya 6 / 34 2. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3 / 1 3. bahI, 3 / 2 - 17

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180 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana sarala aura catura bhadramitra sarala hRdaya vAlA yuvaka hai| siMhasena ke dhartamaMtrI satyaghopa para vaha ekadama vizvAsa kara letA hai aura use apanI sArI ajita jamA pUMjI sauMpa detA hai|' kintu jaba vaha punaH mAtA-pitA ke sAtha siMhapara lauTatA hai aura satyaghoSa se apanI dhanarAzi mAMgatA hai to satyaghopa spaSTa rUpa se asvIkAra kara detA hai| bhadramitra yaha sunakara pahale to usase prArthanA karatA hai, kintu jaba vaha nahIM mAnatA to use nIcA dikhAne kI ThAna letA hai, apanI caturAI se vaha isa kArya meM bhI saphala ho jAtA hai| satyavAdI praura santoSI bhadramitra kA satya para pUrNa vizvAsa hai| apanI satyatA se hI vaha apanA ajita dhana vApisa le pAtA hai| rAjA ke hAtha meM rakhe huye ratnoM ke madhya meM kevala apane hI ratna uThAtA hai| anya ratnoM ko bhI dekhakara usakI nIyata kharAba nahIM hotii| dAnazIla-- apane ratna pAkara bhadamitra dAnazIla mora santoSI bana jAtA hai / vaha apanI sampadA kA muktahRdaya se dAna karatA hai| usakI isa dAnazIla pravRtti se usakI mAtA cintAtura hokara use dAna karane se rokanA cAhatI hai, para mAtA kI lobhI prakRti para vaha bilkala dhyAna nahIM detaa| yahA~ taka ki mAtA usase kruddha bhI ho jAtI hai, aura agale janma meM vyAghrI banakara usako khA bhI jAtI hai / 5 saMyamI aura rAgahIna bhadramitra meM saMyama aura vairAgya donoM hI gaNa prApta hote haiN| rAjA ke hAtha meM rakhe hue anya ratnoM ko uThAne meM usakA satya, saMyama evaM santoSa bAdhaka haiN| apanI mAtA. satyaghoSa maMtrI ityAdi kisI ne bhI usake sAtha kaisA hI vyavahAra kiyA ho; vaha apanA saMyama nahIM khotA : isa kAvya meM bhadamitra ke cAra janmoM kA vRttAnta hai -bhadra mitra-siMhacandra-mahamindra-cakrAyUgha / hama dekhate haiM ki apane ina sabhI janmoM meM antatogatvA usake mana meM vairAgya utpanna ho jAtA hai aura vaha samasta sAMsArika sakhoM ko chor3a detA hai| 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3 / 25-27 2. vahI, 3 / 34-30 3. vahI, 41.2 4. vahI, 46 5. 48, 9 6. vahI, 418, 7 / 23-33

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA 181 bhUtamaviSyat kA jJAtA aura jainadharmopadezaka siMhacandra kA janma pAkara jaba bhadramitra vairAgya dhAraNa karatA hai, usa samaya . apanI mAtA rAmadattA kI usake pUrvajanma ke vRttAntoM se avagata karAtA hai| use jana.dharma ke aise-aise upadeza detA hai ki pAThaka ko usakI sarAhanA karanI ho par3atI hai|' tapasvI aura bhakta prAya: pratyeka janma meM bhadramitra ne vairAgya dhAraNa karake tapasyA kI hai / apane prathama janma meM varadharma nAmaka munirAja kA upadeza sanakara hI bhadramitra meM dAnazIlatA kA guNa bar3ha gayA / 2 prapane dUsare janma meM pUrNavidhu muni ke sAmIpya meM bhadamitra (siMhacandra) muni bana gayA, usane tapa kiyaa| isI janma meM usane apanI mAtA ko bhI prabuddha kiyaa|' prAnI kaThina tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa siMhacandra ne antima greveyaka meM ikatIsa sAsara ko ghAyu vAle prahaminda kA pada prApta kiyaa| apane caturtha janma meM bhI bhadrami ra ( bakAyudha) jinendra bhagavAn kA bhakta thaa| praur3hAvasthA mAne para jaba usane dekhA ki usake keza kAlimA ko chor3akara zvetimA dhAraNa kara rahe haiM to usake mana meM vairAgya prA gyaa| vaha prapanA sArA rAjapATa chor3akara apane hI pitA aparAjita jo digambara muni ho cuke the-ke pAsa pahu~cA / unake upadeza se vaha bhI muni bana gyaa| usane upabhoga kI sArI sAMsArika-vastuproM kA parityAga kara diyaa| nirantara tapa aura sAdhanA meM hI usane apanA dhyAna lagA diyaa| anta meM usa yogirAja ne kaivalma prApta kara liyA / satyaSoSa yaha siMhapura ke rAjA siMhasena kA maMtrI hai| isakA nAma zrIbhUti hai aura jAti se brAhmaNa hai / isane apane gale meM eka churI bAMdha rakhI thI; aura yaha ghoSaNA kara rakhI thI ki-'maiM kabhI jhUTha nahIM bolaMgA, yadi kabhI jhUTha bolA to isI charI se prAtmaghAta karUMgA' / usake isI pracAra ke kAraNa isakA nAma 'satyaghoSa' par3a gayA hai| prasatyavAdI praura kapaTI isakI prasiddhi to satyavAdI ke rUpa meM hai, kintu hai yaha jhUTha bolane vAloM meM 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 4 / 22-36 2. vahI, 416 3. vahI, 4 / 18, 4 / 22-36 4. vahI, 5116 5. bahI, sAtavAM srg|

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- 182 mahAkavi - jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana agragaNya / bhadramitra kI dharohara ko yaha vApasa nahIM karatA hai mora ulTe use hI jhUThA kahakara sabhA se nikalavA detA hai / " pramAdI satya ke prati to satyaghoSa pramAdI hai hI, sAtha hI vyavahAra meM bhI pramAda karatA hai / vaha to apane ko kuzala samajhatA hai, kintu dUsare kI caturAI nahIM samajha pAtA / rAnI rAmadattA ke grAmantraNa para vaha usake sAtha zataraMja khelane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai | rAnI rAmadattA use harAkara usakI churI, janeU bhora mudrikA para pradhikAra prApta kara letI hai| inhIM tInoM vastunoM ko vaha usakI pranupasthiti meM usake ghara bheja kara dAsI se bhadramitra ke sAtoM ratna mA~ga letI hai / bhadramitra ko Thagane vAlA satyaghoSa rAnI ke dvArA mAta khA jAtA hai / pratizodha kI bhAvanA se yukta jaba darabAra meM satyaghoSa kI vAstavikatA kA jJAna hote hI use prapadastha karake ghammila ko maMtrI yora bhadramitra ko rAjaseTha banA diyA jAtA hai to satyaghoSa apanI mAnahAni se kSubdha hokara, cintA meM ghula-ghula kara mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai / 3 marakara sarpa ho jAtA hai| rAjA ke bhaNDAra meM sarpa rUpa meM rahane vAlA vaha duSTa eka dina rAjA sihasena ko usa letA hai aura svayaM bhI marakara camaramRga ho jAtA hai / * camaramRga kI yoni se punaH use sarpa kI yoni milatI hai, vaha phira rAjA ke jIba prazanighoSa hAthI ke mastaka ko Dasa letA hai / ghammila kA jIva bandara usa sarpa ko mAra detA hai / isa yoni meM marakara satyaghoSa tIsare naraka meM jAtA hai, punaH ajagara kI yoni meM prAtA hai, prora zrIdharA mora yazodharA nAmakI prAyikAoM bhora sihasena ke rUpa meM utpanna bhadramitra (sihacandra munirAja ) ko khA jAtA hai / phalasvarUpa paMkaprabhA nAma ke cauthe naraka ke kaSToM kA bhAgI banatA hai| isa prakAra marane ke pazcAt bhI vaha rAjA sihasena aura bhadramitra se badalA letA hI rahatA hai| unheM to apane puNyoM ke kAraNa sadgati hI prApta hotI hai, kintu yaha pApamaya pravRtti hone ke kAraNa du:kha pUrNa jIvana hI vyatIta karatA hai, aura naraka ke kaSToM ko sahatA hai| 1. zrI samudradattacaritra, 3 / 28-32 2. bahI, 3 / 40-44 3. bahI, 4 / 5 4. vahI, 4 / 11, 35 5. vahI, 4 / 35 6. vahI, 4 / 37, 5 32

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA 183 rAmadattA siMhapura ke rAjA siMhasena kI rAnI hai| isake do putra haiM-siMhacandra (bhadramitra) aura pUrNacandra / rUpa aura saundarya kI svAminI hote hue bhI vaha prajAhita meM ruci letI hai / satyaghoSa se ThagA hamA prora apamAnita bhadramitra jaba apanA vRttAnta sunAte hue pora satyapoSa ko zApa detA hue pratyeka prAtaHkAla ko bhAvAja lagAne lagatA hai, taba rAmadattA vRkSa para car3he hue bhadramitra ke karuNa vRttAnta ko jAnakara vAstavikatA kA patA lagAne ko tatpara ho jAtI hai / rAjA se salAha karake usako daravAra meM bheja detI hai aura svayaM satyaghoSa ko mIThI-mIThI bAtoM meM phaMsAkara zataraMja meM use harAkara, usako mudrikA, janeU mora churI prApta kara letI hai| ina tInoM vastuoM ko mantrI ke ghara bhejakara, apanI dAsI se mantrI kI patnI se ratnoM kI poTalI maMgavA letI haiN|' rAmadattA pativratA strI hai| jaba sarpa ke kATane se isakA pati mRtyu ko prApta ho jAtA hai, taba yaha atyanta zokAkula ho jAtI hai| dAntamati pora hiraNyavatI nAmakI mArthikAmoM ke prAgamana para yaha bhI mAthikA vrata dhAraNa kara letI hai| tapasyA karane ke bAda jaba siMhacandra muni bana jAtA hai, taba rAmadattA usake pAsa jAkara apane dUsare putra pUrNacandra kI bhogapravRtti kI nivRtti kA upAya pUchatI hai| siMhacandra ke dvArA pUrNa vRttAnta jAnakara yaha pUrNacandra ke pAsa pahu~catI hai aura sAMsArika bhogoM ke doSoM se avagata karAtI hai tathA use dharmAcaraNa meM lagA detI hai| apane ko kRtAtya samajhakara rAmadattA prAyikA samAdhi se zarIra tyAga kara svarga pahu~ca jAtI hai| isa prakAra rAnI rAmadattA buddhimatI, prajAvatsama, pativratA, putroM ke hitacintana meM lagI rahane vAlI pora sAtvika bhAcAra-vyavahAra vAlI hai| bayodayacampU ke pAtra somabatta . yaha 'dayokya-campU kAvya kA nAyaka hai| kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se hama ise dhIra-prazAnta nAyaka kI koTi meM rakha sakate haiN| yaha ujjayinI nagarI ke sArthavAha 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3127-44 2. vahI, 4 / 15-16 3. vahI, 4 / 16-36, 501-13 4. vahI, 414

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184 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana zrIdatta aura unakI patnI zrImatI kA putra hai| deva-duvipAka se isa samaya yaha mAtApitA ke sneha se vaMcita hai / pUrvajanma meM vaha ujjayinI nagarI kI zizapA nAmaka vastI meM mRgasena nAmaka dhIvara thA aura isakI patnI kA nAma ghaNTA thaa| prabala bhAgya evaM prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva-.. 1 somadatta prabala bhAgya aura adbhuta vyaktitva kA svAmI hai| isI kAraNa anta taka usakA bAla bA~kA nahIM hotA / seTha guNapAla bAra-bAra kahIM yaha jIvita rahA, to munivacanoM ke anusAra gravazya hI merI putrI kA svAmI hogA, yaha socakara usakA vadha karane kA prayatna karatA hai saubhAgyavaza nomadatta to usake SaDyantroM se sApha sApha baca nikalatA hai; praura usako mArane ke lie prayatnazIla guNapAla na kevala apane prANoM se hAtha dho baiThatA hai, apitu apane putra aura patnI kI bhI mRtyu kA kAraNa banatA hai / ' idhara somadatta rAjakumArI guNamAlA sahita rAjA vRSabhadatta ke prAve rAjya kA bhI svAmI ho jAtA hai| 2 biSA to usako prApya hai hI / somadatta kA prabhAvazAnI vyaktitva hI muniyoM kI vAraNI meM guNapAla ko usake bhUta bhaviSya se paricita karA detA hai / 3 cANDAla ke dvArA nirjana sthAna para chor3e jAne para govinda vAlA use pAla letA hai| usake vyaktitva se prabhAvita hokara hI vasantasenA guNapAla dvArA likhita patra kI viSaya vastu badala detI hai / viSA, mahAbala evaM rAjakumArI bhI usake prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke prazaMsaka haiM / sarala somadatta meM saralatA kA guraNa kUTa-kUTa kara bharA huA hai / ImAnadAra bhI itanA hai ki mArga meM guNapAla dvArA likhita patra ko kholakara par3hane kI bhI icchA nahIM / usake abhibhAvaka govinda ke ghara jaba guNapAla pahuMcatA hai to vaha sarala mana se usakI sevA karatA hai / use guNapAla se koI zikAyata nahIM hai| usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt jaba vaha rAjasabhA meM bulavAyA jAtA hai, to apane zvasura ke prati zokAkula 1. dayodayacampU, 4 / 14 aura usake bAda kA gadya, 6 / 6 prora usake bAda kA gadya bhAga / 2. vahI, 7 / zloka 16 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga / 3. vahI, 1118 - 21 4. vahI, 3 zloka 6 ke bAda kA dUsarA gadyabhAga, bhaura zloka 6 ke bAda kA dUsarA bhAga / 5. vahI, 4 / zloka 11 ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga se zloka 13 taka 6. vahI, 4 / 8-10

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA ho jAtA hai|' vinaya aura vidyA se yukta vinaya se suzobhita vidyA somadatta kA AbhUSaNa hai| usakA abhibhAvaka govinda gvAlA bastI meM rahatA hai / usakI prArthika dazA itanI acchI nahIM hai ki vaha use ucca zikSA ke lie bAhara bheja ske| phira bhI usa gAMva meM jitanI zikSA milatI thI, use vaha grahaNa kara cukA thaa|2 yadi prAdhika suvidhA milane para vaha . ucca zikSA hetu vidyAlaya jAtA to vaha use bhI grahaNa kara letA / vinamra itanA hai ki kisI kI bhI kahI bAta binA Agraha ke hI mAna letA hai / rAjA vaSabhadata use prAdhA rAjya aura apanI putrI guNamAlA ko sauMpate haiM, to yaha bar3I vinamratA se donoM ko grahaNa kara letA hai| prAjJAkArI somadata madbhuta prAjJAkArI hai| vaha govinda ko apanA vAstavika pitA mAnatA huA, vinA tarka-vitarka ke usakI pratyeka prAjJA ko sira jhukAkara svIkAra kara letA hai| apane pitA ko hI prAjJA se vaha guNapAla ke Atithya meM koI kasara nahIM chodd'taa|4 gaNapAla kI prAjJA milate hI usake ghara calA jAtA hai jahAM viSa ke sthAna para bhAgya-prAvalya se viSA kI prApti ho jAtI hai| gaNapAla ke kahane para vaha nAgamandira calA jAtA hai / 6. rAjA ke balAte hI usakI sabhA meM upasthita ho jAtA hai| usI kI prAjJA se vaha gaNamAlA se bhI vivAha kara letA hai| zakti aura bhakti kA samanvaya ___somadatta atithi-vatsala hai| apane yahAM pahuMce hue sAdhunoM kA satkAra karanA vaha acchI taraha jAnatA hai / apane pUrvajanma meM bhI to eka muni ke upadeza se hI usane ahiMsA dharma ko apanA liyA thaa| vaha jaina-dharma kA samarthaka hai / gahastha 1. dayodayacampU, 7 / zloka 11 ke pUrva kA gadyAMza / 2. vahI, 41 zloka 6 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga, zloka 6 praura usake bAda ke gdybhaag| 3. vahI, 7 / zloka 12 ke bAda ke gadya bhAga / 4. vahI, 4 / zloka hai ke bAda kA gdybhaag| 5. vahI, 4zloka 10 ke bAda se 25 zloka taka / 6. vahI, 5 / 11 ke pUrva ke gdybhaag| 7. vahI, 7 / 2-4 zloka 12 ke bAMda ke gadya bhAga / 8. vahI, zloka 22 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga evaM 22-26

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186 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana jIvana-kAla meM hI jaba usake ghara eka RSi kA samAgama hotA hai, taba vaha sapatnIka unakA svAgata karatA hai; aura unakI stuti meM saMgItapriyatA darzAte hue bhajana gAtA hai : "jaya-jaya RSirAja pitu jaya jaya RSirAja // bhUrAjyAdi samastamapi bhavAn sahasA tatyAja / / pota ivota tAraNAya sadA bhavato bhavabhAjaH / / -dayodayacampU, 7|shlok 26 ke bAda kA pIta / somadatta meM sahanazIlatA, dAnazIlatA mora sukha-duHkha ke prati niliptatA ityAdi gaNa bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| viSA, rAjakamArI aura rAjya ko vaha jaise svIkAra kara letA hai, vaise hI RSirAja ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara ina sabhI ko chor3a bhI detA hai| apane ina sabhI guNoM ke kAraNa vaha lokapriya bhI ho gayA hai| santoSa hI unake jIvana kA prAdarza hai / apane pUrvajanma ke vRttAnta ke phalasvarUpa, isa janma meM bAra-bAra matyu para vijaya prApta karake 'mahiMsA paramo dharma:' kA sidAnta bhI anAyAsa ho pAThakoM ko samajhA detA hai; mora pAThaka ke hRdaya meM dhIraprazAnta nAyaka ke rUpa meM praveza kara letA hai| viSA-. ___yaha ujjayinI ke rAjaseTha guraNapAla mora garaNadhI kI putrI hai / yaha kAvya ke nAyaka somadatta kI patnI hai / kAvya-zAstrIya dRSTi se viSA bhI svIyA nAyikA kI zreNI meM prAtI hai| adbhuta saundarya aura vyaktitva viSA adbhuta saundarya aura vyaktitva kI svAminI hai / usakA saundayaM mammI ke samAna hai / yadyapi usakA nAma viSA hai, kintu apane nAma ke viparIta yaha hai sssaa| apane guNoM mora saundarya ke kAraNa vaha kAgya ke nAyaka somadatta ke saMbaMdhA manukUla hai / apane nAma (viSA) ke kAraNa vaha somadatta ke lie saubhAgyodaya kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai / muSA aura saralA somadatta ke adbhuta vyaktitva ko dekhate hI viSA usakI pora pAruSTa ho jAtI hai / kintu vaha apane manobhAvoM ko prakaTa nahIM karatI hai| vaha svabhAva se atyanta sarala hai / guNapAla ke kisI SaDyantra kA usako mAna nahIM hai / baba gaNapAla usase bhojana dene ko kahatA hai to vaha somadatta ke lie mAtA dvArA banAe hue 1. dayodayacampU, zloka 37 ke bAda ke gdybhaag| 2 vahI, 412 ke bAda kA gadyabhAga / 3. vahI, 4zloka 14 ke pUrva kA gavabhAga, 14.16

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA viSayukta laDDa anajAne meM hI use detI hai. guNapAla kI mRtaprAya dazA dekhakara yaha kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho jAtI hai / mAtA-pitR-bhrAtR-bhakti viSA apane mAtA-pitA ko prAjJA kA sadaiva pAlana karatI hai| apane bhAI se bhI vaha pratyadhika prema karatI hai| apane pitA, mAtA aura bhAI ko prAzA ke anusAra hI vaha somadatta se vivAha karatI hai| mAtA kI prAjJA se bhojana banAne meM sahayoga detI hai| 3 bhAI mahAvala kI mRtyu para atyanta zokAkula ho jAtI hai| itanA hI nahIM ki vaha kevala pArivArika janoM kI hI mAzA mAnatI ho, varan apane pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vaha rAjA vRSabhadatta ko bhI pitA ke samAna mAnatI hai aura unakI hara prAjJA ko saharSa svIkAra karatI hai / IrSyA se rahita madhura vyavahAra vAlI jaba somadatta rAjA kI prAzA se guNamAlA se vivAha kara letA hai, taba bhI viSA ko koI mApatti nahIM hai| yahAM taka ki isa vivAha kI usako koI pUrvasUcanA bhI nahIM haiM / somadatta bhora guNamAlA ke vivAha ke avasara para vaha acAnaka hI rAjabhavana pahu~ca jAtI hai aura harSita hokara isa vivAha kA anumodana karatI hai| - rAjA vivA se kahate haiM ki vaha rAjakumArI ko apanI choTI bahina mAne / taba viSA kahatI hai ki rAjakumArI ke sAtha to eka pora eka gyAraha kI kahAvata caritArtha hogii| isase mujhe bar3I madada milegii| isalie isako pAkara ekAdazI tiSi ke samAna puNya-sampAdanI bana jAUMgI pora dvitIyA tithi ke hI samAna bhadra mAcaraNa karane vAlI ho jaauuNgii| apane isa kathana ke kAraNa viSA atyanta mAdaraNIya ho gaI hai / viSA ne rAjakumArI ke sAtha atyanta madhura vyavahAra kiyA hai| kAvya ke anuzIlana se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki usane kabhI apane siddhAntoM ko somadatta yA rAjakumArI para nahIM lAdA hai| usake madhura vyavahAra se prabhAvita hokara hI mahAnala 1. dayodayaSampU, 6|shlok 6 ke pUrva ke gdybhaag| 2. vahI, 4 / 20-21 3. vahI, 6zloka 5 ke bAda kA gvbhaag| 4. vahI, zloka 36 ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga / 5. 'bho tAta, bhavatAmatIva kRpA'sAvasti yato'hamadhunakAkinI sevAnayA kilakA. dazIva pugyasampAdinI bhaviSyAmi, dvitIyeva ca bhadrAcaraNaparAyaNA / ' vahI, zloka 15 ke bAda 5vA gadya bhAga /

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188 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana usakA vivAha somadatta se karanA cAhatA hai|' atithi-vatsalA apane pati ke samAna hI viSA pratithi-vAsalA hai| jaba somadatta use dvAra para eka RSirAja ke prAgamana kI sUcanA detA hai to vaha harSita hokara apane saubhAgya kI sarAhanA karatI hai| apane pati ke sAtha RSirAja kA Adara-satkAra karatI hai| unakI pradakSiNA karatI hai aura zIghra hI bhojana banAkara unheM samarpita karatI hai / apane isa mAcaraNa se vaha rAjakumArI ko mora bhI AkRSTa kara letI hai / pativratA aura patimArgAnuyAyinI viSA prora somadatta kA vivAha humA, viSA kA manoratha pUrNa huA / pUrvajanma ke prabhAva se hI vaha punaH isa janma meM bhI somadatta kI patnI banatI hai| apane pati dvArA kiye gae dUsare vivAha kA bhI anumodana karatI hai| basa, vaha to pati kI sevA karanA hI apanA dharma samajhatI hai| pati kI icchAnusAra RSiyoM kI sevA karatI hai / RSirAja kA upadeza sunakara jaise hI somadatta digambara muni bana jAtA hai, vaise hI viSA bhI tapa karane kA nizcaya kara letI hai| aura prAyikA vrata apanA letI hai / apane tapa ke hI anusAra svarga kI prApti karatI hai| spaSTa hai ki viSA somadatta aura rAjakumArI ke sAtha-sAtha pAThaka ko prabhAvita karane meM pUrNa samartha hai aura prAryalalanAbhUSaNa ke pada ko suzobhita karatI hai| guragapAla yaha ujjayinI kA rAjaseTha hai / isakI patnI kA nAma guNazrI hai| paura putra tathA putrI kA nAma kramaza: mahAbala aura viSA hai / guNapAla atyadhika dhanI pora dRDhanizcayI hai / kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se use 'dayodaya' kAvya kA pratinAyaka kahA jA sakatA hai / vaha guNI aura nagara meM prasiddha bhI hai| kintu RSi ko muMha se bAta nikalate hI vaha somavatta ko mArane kA aisA haTha pakar3atA hai ki apanI kuceSTAmoM se vaha pAThakoM kI raSTi meM patita ho jAtA hai aura somadatta ko mArane kI ceSTA meM svayaM paJcatva ko prApta kara letA hai| 1. 'vanazriyA vasantasya samprayoga ivottamaH / viSayA phullavaktrasya sampallavasametayA // ' -dayodayadhampU, 4,20 2. vahI, 7 zloka 18-26 . 3. dayodayacampU, 7 38 ke pUrva kA gadya bhAga pora 38

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA RSi-vacanoM ko sArthaka samajhate hue bhI kukArya hetu prayatnazIla vaha jAnatA thA ki RRSiyoM kA vacana mithyA nahIM hotA, kintu eka pranAtha bAlaka usakI putrI kA pati banegA -isa bAta ko usakA mana svIkAra nahIM kara skaa| ataH RSiyoM ke vacanoM ko mithyA karane ke lie vaha somadatta kA vadha karane ko tula gayA / ' prabhimAnI - gugapAla ko prapane pada praura sAmAjika sthiti para bahuta prabhimAna hai / sambhavataH vaha UMce-UMce svapna dekhatA hai ki usakI putrI bhare-pUre dhanI, kulIna ghara meM jAyagI / isIlie muni kI ghoSaNA para vaha socatA hai ki merI putrI viSA kA svAmI prajJAtakulazIla yaha nirdhana bAlaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? vaha somadatta aura apanI putrI ke sAtha ko vaisA hI samajhatA hai, jaise yaha sAtha bakarI ke bacce prora zera ko baccI kA ho rahA ho / 2 dhUrta aura nirdaya - ghUrtatA praura nirdayatA, ye donoM durguNa guNapAla ke roma-roma meM vidyamAna haiN| RSiyoM ke vacanoM ko mithyA karane ke lie aneka vAra somadatta ke vadha kA prayatna karatA hai / vaha somadatta kA nAma miTA denA cAhatA hai / sarvaprathama vaha eka cANDAla ko lAlaca dekara somadatta ke vadha hetu rAjI kara letA hai / kintu cANDAla usakI prAzA ke viparIta nirjana sthAna para mAre vinA use chor3a detA hai / bhAgyavaza somadatta govinda gvAle ke pAsa pahu~ca jAtA hai / 3 eka dina guNapAla govinda gvAle kI vastI meM pahu~catA hai, to punaH usake hRdaya meM use mArane kI icchA prabala ho uThatI hai / navanItalepana meM bhI guNapAla catura hai / vaha apanI mIThI bAtoM se govinda ko to prabhAvita karatA hI hai, bhole-bhAle sonadatta ko bhI vaza meM kara letA hai / usakI hatyA hetu eka patra vaha somadatta ke dvArA apane ghara bhijavAtA hai / somadatta ke prabala bhAgyavaza mArga meM patra kI viSayavastu badala dI jAtI hai aura viSa ke sthAna para guNapAla ko kanyA viSA usakA varaNa karatI hai / gugapAla yaha vRttAnta sunate hI mana ke bhAva chipAte hue gobinda ko isa vRttAnta se khuza karatA hai, mora ghara lauTa AtA hai| eka dina nAgapaMcamI tithi ko guraNapAla mandira ke 1. dayodayacampU, 3 zloka 4 ke pUrva kA gadya bhAga / 2. kinnu khalu vagalo'pi paJcAnanatanayAyA bhartA bhavitumarhatIti / 186 - vahI, 3|prathama gadyabhAga kA antima vAkyAMza 3. vahI, 3 / 4-10 4. vahI, 5 / zloka / ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga bhaura zloka 1 se 3 ke bAda ke gadyabhAgoM taka /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana mArga meM eka vadhika ko lobha dekara niyukta kara detA hai / ghara Akara vaha somadatta ko mandira pUjA kI sAmagrI sahita bhejatA hai| mArga meM mahAbala kanduka-krIr3A meM somadatta ko lagAkara svayaM pUjA-sAmagrI lekara mandira ko cala detA hai / somadatta mora mahAbala se anabhijJa vadhika mahAbala kA hI vadha kara detA hai| guNapAla yaha burA samAcAra sunakara apanA sira pITa letA hai / ' kintu phira bhI somadatta ke vadha ko icchA usake mana se nahIM nikltii| use vaha apane mArga se nikAlanA hI cAhatA hai / yahAM taka ki vaha yaha bhI gambhIratA se nahIM socatA ki somadatta ko hatyA se usakI putrI vidhavA ho jaaegii| pava parezAna hokara vaha apanI icchA apanI patnI ko bhI batA detA hai| usake duHkha-nivAraNa hetu gaNazrI viSayukta laDDU taiyAra karatI hai / guNapAla ke bhojana mAMgane para viSA anajAne meM una viSayukta lahanoM ko hI use de detI hai / phalasvarUpa somadatta ko mArane ke prayatna meM vaha khuda ho bali kA bakarA bana jAtA hai / 2 vaha kitanA nirdayI hai ki na somadatta kI nirAzritatA kI use cintA hai, na usake rUpa-guNa, zubha lakSaNoM ke prati usakI ruci hai, na use govinda gvAle ke vAtsalya kI cintA hai, yahAM taka ki vaha apanI putrI ke vaiSadhya kA vicAra bhI nahIM kara pAtA / apanI eka durbhAvanA ke kAraNa dhana kA lAlaca dekara vaha do vyaktiyoM ko prerita karatA hai| govinda aura somadatta se bAra-bAra jhUTha bolatA hai| apane patra maura,patnI kI hatyA ke kAraNa upasthita karatA hai aura svayaM apanI durbhAvanA ko prAga meM bhasma ho jAtA hai| prataH guNapAla vAtsalya rasa se hIna, nirdayI, mohAndha aura somadatta kA prabalatama dhUrta zatru hai| guragaSo yaha 'dayodayacampU' ke khalanAyaka guNapAla kI patnI aura viSA kI mAtA hai| yaha saundaryavatI, catura aura putravatsala hai| apane putra mahAbala se prema hone ke kAraNa hI usakI sammati se apanI putrI kA vivAha somadatta se karane ko taiyAra ho jAtI hai / putra kI asAmayika matyu para atyanta du:khita ho jAtI hai| vaha pati ke hara acche-bure kAma meM sahayoga dene ko taiyAra rahatI hai| pati kI duzcintA ko dUra karane ke lie prora apane vaidhavya kA vicAra karake viSayukta laDDU taiyAra karatI hai / bhAgyavaza ina laDDuSoM ko khAkara usakA pati mRtyu ke muMha meM pahu~ca 1. dayodayacampU, 5|shlok 9 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga se zloka 14 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga tk| 2. vahI, prArambha se zloka 6 ke pUrva tk| 3. vahI, 4 zloka 17 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga evaM 11-22 4. vahI, 5 antima gadyabhAga meM eka / 5. vahI, 6.prArambha ke gadyabhAga se zloka 6 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga taka /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA 161 jAtA hai, taba apane pati ke duSkarmoM para pazcAttApa karatI hai; aura bace hue viSayukta laDDU khAkara pati ke mArga kA hI anusaraNa karatI hai|' gobinna gvAlA yaha gvAloM ko vastI meM rahane vAlA gvAloM kA pramukha vyakti hai| isakI patnI kA nAma dhanadhI hai| santAnavatsala govinda-gyAlA pora isakI patnI santati sukha se vaMcita hai| bhAgyavaza guNapAla ke SaDyantra kA zikAra bAlaka somadatta ise mila jAtA hai; vaha usake prati vAtsalya se bhara uThatA hai; vaha use putravata uThA letA hai; aura ghara jAkara apanI patnI ko detA hai| govinda evaM dhanazrI yatna se usakA pAlana-poSaNa karate haiM / govinda vastI meM upalabdha zizA bhI somadatta ko dilavAtA hai / phalasvarUpa somadatta isase vAstavika pitA kA vyavahAra karane lagatA hai / / sarala hRdaya evaM pratithi premI govinda bar3A sarala hRdaya puruSa hai| sAtha hI prativatsala bhI hai / duSTa guNapAla cava isake ghara pahuMcatA hai to yaha usakA khUba prAtithya satkAra karatA hai; aura somadatta ko bhI usakI sevA karane kA mAdeza detA hai| guNapAla ke kisI SaDyantra ko yaha nahIM jaantaa| bhAgyavaza jaba somadatta, govinda ke jAne vinA hI gaNapAla kA jAmAtA vana jAtA hai to bhI govinda gvAlA harSita hokara somadatta ko guNapAla ko hI saupa detA hai jabaki somadatta kI anupasthiti meM usakA hRdaya bArabAra somadatta kI hI mora lagA rahatA hai| yaha matithi ke Agamana para sukha kA mora jAne para du:kha kA anubhava karatA hai| nimnamadhyavargIya pAtra hote hue bhI yaha apane ina mAnavocita guNoM se stutya hai / basantasenA yaha ujjayinI nagarI ko vezyA hai / vezyA hote hue bhI dayA, mamatA, prema pora tyAga mAdi guNa isameM dRSTigocara hote haiN| kAvya meM isakA kiMcitkAla ke lie hI upasthitikaraNa kathAnaka ko nayA mor3a de detA hai| hRdaya kI udAratAva yaha eka nirdoSa vyakti ko matyu ke muMha meM jAne se bacA letI hai|5 guNapAla mora 1. dayodayacampU, 6 / zloka 6 ke bAda kA gavabhAga / 2. vahI, 3 zloka 10 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga, 10-14 3. vahI, 5 // 1-3 4. vahI, 5 // zloka 3 ke bAda kA dUsarA bhaag| 5. vahI, zloka 11 ke pUrva kA gavabhAga, 11-13

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162 usake parivAra se isakA acchA paricaya hai / viSA isakI sakhI bhI hai / " meM jisa samaya yaha bhomadatta ke vairAgya ke bAre meM sunatI hai, usa samaya saMsAra sukha ke prabhAva kA anubhava karatI hai| ataH somadatta ke sAtha hI yaha bhI zrAtmoddhAra meM prayatnazIla ho jAtI hai| yaha viSA ke sAtha hI prAyikAvrata kI dhAraNA kara letI hai prora apanI tapasyA ke anurUpa svarga ko prApta karatI hai| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka mradhyayana pratyapAtra -- inake atirikta kucha anya pAtra bhI haiM, jinakA mahatva uparyukta pAtroM ke samAna to nahIM hai, kintu phira bhI unakA ullekha karanA prasaMgata na hogA / sarvaprathama jayodaya' mahAkAvya ke pAtra prastuta haiM : anavadyamati rAjakumAra prarkakIrti kA maMtrI hai| vaha jayakumAra kI yogyatA se paricita hai, isalie rAjA ko samajhAtA hai ki sulocanA praura jayakumAra eka dUsare ke yogya haiN| rAjA ko unase zatrutA nahIM karanI caahie| kintu prakIti kA eka sevaka bahuta dhUrta hai, vaha akaMkIrti ko jayakumAra se yuddha ke lie ukasAtA hai| kAzInareza prakampana kA dUta sArthaka vAraNI meM bolatA hai / vaha rAjA prakampana, rAjakumArI sulocanA kI prazaMsA karatA hai / prakSamAlA sulocanA kI choTI bahina hai| kAzInareza isakA vivAha akIti se karate haiN| bharatacakravartI sArvabhauma samrAT haiM / jayakumAra inhIM ke senApati haiM / pratyeka rAjA apane rAjya kI sampUrNa gatividhiyAM inako batAtA hai| 7 RSabhadeva to Adi tIrthaGkara haiM / yaha samrAT bharata ke pitA haiM / yaha jayakumAra ko upadeza dete haiM / inhIM se dIkSA prApta karake jayakumAra tapasyA karane meM saMlagna ho jAte haiN| vIrodaya mahAkAvya ke eka pAtra haiM-- devarAT indra / yaha utsavapriya haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bhakta haiM : bhagavAn ke janma ke avasara para indra unake abhinandana 1. jayodaya, 4 | zloka 12 ke bAda kA gadya bhAga / 2. vahI, 7 zloka 38 ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga aura bAda kA gadyabhAga / 3. vahI, 7132-43 4. bahI, 7 / 1-17 5. samanA manujo yasyAM mahilA s| rasAlayA / zrIdharosdhIzvaro yasyAH sA kAzI rucirA purI // vahI, 63, 16 7. vahI, 6 / 6, 2010 8. vahI, 27da sagaM / - vahI, 3130

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI pAtrayojanA 163 ke lie kuNDanapura pahuMcate haiM; bhora anya devagaNoM ke sAtha bhagavAn kA abhiSeka karate haiN|' bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pramukha gaNadhara haiM-gautama indrabhUti / bhagavAn kI mahimA se prabhAvita hokara yaha pora inake anya bhAI bhI bhagavAn ke bhakta ho jAte haiN| prAcArya zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM sthAna-sthAna para RSiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai| RSi prAya: janatA ko prabaddha karane meM hI lage rahate haiN| unakI kaThina samasyAoM ko sulajhAte haiN| mukti hetu sAdhaka kA mArga prazasta karate haiN| inhoMne svayaM sAMsArika vastunoM ko sarvathA tyAga diyA hai / 'sudarzanodaya' aura 'dayodayacampU' meM ullikhita muni to kathAnaka ko bhI prabhAvita karate haiN|' kapila 'sudarzanodaya' meM ullikhita sadarzana ke mitroM meM se eka hai| mora marma ko jAnatA hai| isI kAgya meM vaNita dvArapAla bar3e bhIru svabhAva kA hai, vaha paNDitA dAsI se mAta khA jAtA hai / 5 rAjA kA vaSika prAjJAkArI sevaka hai| sudarzana ke pravala bhAgyavaza vaha rAjA kI prAzA pUrNa karane meM asamartha hai| zrIsamudradattacaritra meM ullikhita siMhasena siMhapUra kA rAjA hai / satyaghoSa ke apadastha ho jAne para pammilla nAmaka vyakti isakA mantrI banatA hai| apane bandara ke janma meM yaha satyaghoSa ke jIva ko naSTa kara detA hai / " sudatta donoM apane ekamAtra putra se pratyadhika prema karate haiM / sumitrA meM dhana kA lobha bhI pA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa vyAghrI ke janma meM vaha apane putra ko khAne meM nahIM hicktii| - sundarI, rAjA aparAjita kI patnI hai| rAjA aparAjita cakrapura kA zreSTha zAsaka hai| vaha paramadhArmika mora tyAgI hai| usakI rAnI sundarI pratyadhika saundaryazAlinI hai / sundarI maura rAjA aparAjita se bhadrAmitra cakrAyudha ke rUpa meM janma letA hai / 10 citramAlA cakrAyudha kI navayuvatI sundarI patnI hai| isI se 1. vIrodaya, 7vA srg| 2. vahI, 13 / 32 aura 1412 3. (ka) sudarzanodaya, caturtha sarga / (kha) dayodaya, 118 zloka se dvitIya lamba taka / 4. sudarzanodaya 3-38-41 5. vahI, 7-1-7 6. vahI, 85,6 7. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3118, 414, 37 8. vahI, 126-30 1. vahI, 417.6. 10. vahI, 6 / 9-15

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194 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-- eka adhyayana cakrAyudha ke putra vajrAyudha kA janma huaa|' mahArala 'dayovAcampa' kI nAyikA viSA kA priya bhAI hai| vaha guNajJa, mAjJAkArI hai|' apanI bahina se use prema hai; usakA hita karane ke lie vaha zIghra hI somadatta ko progyAjha kara, somadatta ke sAtha usakA vivAha kara detA hai / somadatta ke prati uyakA atyadhika prAdara pora prema hai / vaha sadeva momadatta ke sira kAryabhAra ko halkA karane meM ceTa rahatA hai| isI ceSTA meM soma datta ke sthAna para hatyA kA pAlana kara kathAnaka ko ku: aura hI rUpa pradAna kara detA hai| isI kAvya meM vadhikalo rUpa haiN| ina donoM hI vadhikoM ko dhana kA lAlaca dekara guNapAla ne somanA kI hatyA karane ke lie taiyAra kiyA thaa| pahalA vadhika to somadatta ke kara dayA karate aura prApta hue pana ko prapanA prApya samajhakara somadata ko nahIM maartaa| dUsarA yadhika mAratA to hai, kintu somadatta ko nahIM mahAbala ko| vaha somadatta pora mahAbala meM bheva nahIM kara paataa| rAjA vAmadatta ujjayinI kA svAmI hai / usakI patnI kA nAma vRSabhadattA haiM / rAjA prajAvatsala hai / vaha guNapAla kA pAdara karatA hai| guNapAla ko matyu hone para use gugaNapAla kI vAstavikatA kA jJAna hotA hai. taba zIghra hI papane dUta se somadatta ko balamA letA hai / jo sarvathA yogya samajhakara apanI putrI guNamAlA kA vivAha usame kara detA hai| ata: rAjA ko bhI sadguNoM kI acchI pahacAna hai| rAjA kA duta bolane meM bar3A catura hai| usakI vAkcaturatA somadatta aura usake vArtAlApa se bAta hotI hai| rAjA kA maMtrI matyadhika yogyatA me kartavyapAlana karatA hai| nagara meM eka-eka gatividhi kA use jJAna hai| isalie yaha guNa pAla kI matyu ke viSaya meM rAjA ko batAtA hai| uparyavata vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrIjJAramAgara ne samAja . prApta hone vAle sabhI vyaktiyoM ke svabhAva ke anusAra ho bhinna-bhinna 1. samudradattacaritra 6 / 18-24 2. dayodayacA, 4 zloka 17 ke pUrva ke gadya bhAga, 17-22, zloka 12 ke bAda ke gahAbhAga se 14 tk| 3. vahI, 3 zloka 6 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga se zloka 5 taka / 4. vahI, 5 // zloka ke gadya bhAga, zloka 12 ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga, zloka 12 se loka 14 ke bAda kA gadya bhaag| 5. dayodayacampU, 1.12.13 6. vahI, 7.1.23 7 vahI, 7 // 2-5 8. vahI, 7 zloka 1 ke bAda ke gababhAga /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko pAtrayojanA 165 svabhAva vAle apane pAtroM ko apane kAvyoM meM liyA hai| unhoMne lagabhaga 76 pAtroM kA niyojana apane kAvyoM meM kiyA hai / ye sabhI pAtra kAvya meM pAtroM kI saMkhyA bar3hAne ke lie prayukta nahIM kiye gaye haiM apitu inake dvArA samAja ko kucha na kucha dene ke liye hI inakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kavi ke kAvyoM ke parizIlana se spaSTa hai ki kavi ke sabhI kAvya zikSAprada haiN| yaha zikSA hameM pAtroM ke mAdhyama se milatI hai| 'jayodaya' kAvya ke nAyaka jayakumAra parAkrama, nizchala prema, kartavyaparAyaNatA nyAyapriyatA aura namratA kI zikSA dete haiM 'vIrodaya' mahAkAvya ke nAyaka bhagavAn mahAvIra hameM brahmacarya, tyAga, tapasyA paura sahiSNutA kI zikSA dete haiM / 'sudarzanodaya ke nAyaka sudarzana samAja ko ekapatnIvrata, bhagavAna ke prati AsthA, dRr3hatA mora tyAga ko zikSA dete haiN| 'zrIsamudradatta caritra' ke nAyaka bhadramitra hameM satya, masleya, paura dharma kI zikSA dete haiM / 'dayodayacampU' ke nAyaka somadatta vinamratA, mAzAkAritA, ahiMsA, karalahRdayatA aura atithi-vatsalA kI zikSA dete haiN| ... sulocanA, manoramA, vipA ('jayodaya', 'sudarzanodaya' mora 'dayovayacampU kI nAyikAeM) bhAratIya striyoM ke lie Adarza hai| ye sabhI striyAM hameM eka mora ekaniSTha prema ko zikSA detI haiM, to dUsarI pora pAtivratya, patimArgAnusaraNa, syAga paura jinendrabhakti ko bhI zikSA detI hai / hamAre samAja meM kucha janasudhAraka loga hote haiN| unakA jIvana tyAga, tapasyA, namratA aura janahita ityATi zreSTha bhAvanAkoM se paripUrNa hotA hai| aise hI lokanAyakoM ke kAra meM kavi ne RSi-muniyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye tapasvI mahApuruSa pratikSaNa hameM saMsAra ko kSaNabhaMguratA kA jJAna karAte rahate haiM; maura mAnava kA vAstavika gantavya kyA hai ? ---- isakI zikSA dete haiM / prarkakoti, mabhayamatI, satyaghoSa aura guNapAla ityAdi ke caritra hameM durAI kA svarUpa batAte hue usase bacane kI preraNA dete haiM / pAThaka inake viSaya meM par3hate hue aise duSTa vyaktiyoM se dUra rahane ko saceSTa ho jAtA hai| paNDitA bAsI; cANDAla ityAdi hameM prAjJAkAritA aura svAmI ke hitacintana kI mora prerita karate haiM / ina pAtroM ke anusAra apane svAmI kI hara icchA pUrNa karanA usake sevaka kA kartavya hai| prataeva kavi ke kAvyoM ke sabhI pAtra sAmAjika raSTi se upayogI hai| kisI bhI pAtra ko kavi ne pAtroM kI saMkhyA bar3hAne ke lie prayukta nahIM kiyA hai| unake kAgya kA rAjA yadi samAja ko kucha de sakatA hai to sevaka varga bhI isameM pIche nahIM hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki hamAre mAlocya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara

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166 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana vyakti-manovijJAna ke acche jAnakAra haiM / vyaktiyoM kI ca aura svabhAva bhinnabhinna hote haiM, isakA bhI pUrA-pUrA dhyAna unako hai| eka anAtha bAlaka ko dekhakara eka puruSa to usakA bhaviSya apanI putrI se jur3anA huyA jAnakara usame dveSa karane lagatA hai| isake viparIta dUsare paruSa ke hRdaya meM vAtsalya kA srota umar3a par3atA hai| eka strI pati para atyadhika bhakti rakhatI hai; dUsarI strI manya parupoM para kuSTi rakhatI hai / eka sevaka rAjA ko ucita mantraNA detA hai, to dUsarA kuTila puruSa use yuddha ke lie prerita karatA hai / madyapAna ke pazcAt vyakti kA marika kaisA nikRta ho jAtA hai, isakA citraNa bhI kavi ne bar3I sUjha-bUjha ke sAtha kiyA hai| eka rAjA parAkramI, aAtmavizvAsI aura prajAvatsala hai, to dUsaga rAjA bhIra prakRti kA hai / vaha prajA kI bAta nahIM sunatA, apitu apanI strI ke jhUThe prapaJca para vizvAsa kara letA hai / kavi ne hara varga ke pAtroM ko apane kAvyoM meM sthAna diyA hai / rAjamahaloM meM rahane vAle rAjA-rAnI apane vaibhava se prAkarSita karate haiM, to sAmAnya vastI meM rahane vAle gvAla ityAdi kA sarala jIvana, bhI spaharaNIya hai| rAjakarmacAriyoM meM uccastara ke maMtrI bhI haiM aura nimnastara ke sevaka bhii| rAjakumAriyoM kI sakhiyA~ bho haiM aura rAniyoM kI dAsiyAM bhii| jinamati jaisI kulavadhU haiM to vasanta senA jaisI vArAMganA bhii| ___ saba kucha milAkara kavi kI pAtrayojanA prazaMsanIya hai| kAvyoM meM citrita pAtroM kI manodazA unakI sUkSma nirIkSaNa-zakti kA paricAyaka hai / kAvya meM koI bhI vyakti apane pUrva janma se kitanA prabhAvita rahatA hai, isakA citraNa karane meM bhI kavi ne apanI sUjha-bUjha kA paricaya diyA hai /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana kauzala kavi apane kAvyoM meM kucha padArthoM kA sAGgopAGga varNana karatA hai| yaha varNana kAvya kA pratyanta anivArya aGga hai| yahA~ kucha prazna uThate haiM ki padArthoM ke itane varNana kI prAvazyakatA kyA hai ? kyA padArthoM kA ullekha mAtra hone se kAma nahIM cala sakatA? kyA isa varNana ke kAraNa hama prasaMga se dUra nahIM ho jAte ? ina praznoM kA uttara hai ki yadi kevala kathA-pravAha ko hI dhyAna meM rakhakara padArtha kA nAmamAtra ke liye ullekha kara diyA jAya, to itihAsa aura kAvya meM kyA antara hogA, paura yadi ina padArthoM kA sAGgopAGga varNana rocaka na ho to aise padArtha-varNana ko kAvya ke sthAna para bhUgola kI saMjJA denI hogii| kavi kA kAvya itihAsa paura bhUgola se sarvathA bhinna, pAThaka ke hRdaya meM zIghra prAnandotpatti ke lie hotA hai / prataH yaha prAvazyaka hai ki kavi jisa padArtha kA bhI varNana kare, vaha usa padArtha kI prAyaH sabhI vizeSatAoM se yukta bhI hai aura rocaka bhii| ___ udAharaNasvarUpa yadi kAvya meM itanA likha diyA jAya ki amuka rAjakumAra amuka nadI-tIra yA amuka nagara meM gayA, mora ina nadI-tIra yA nagara ityAdi kI vizeSatAmoM kA ullekha na ho to sahRdaya sAmAjika socegA ki rAjakumAra una-una sthaloM para kyoM gayA ? usake hRdaya meM pAe hue isa prazna kA uttara hai ki rAjakumAra nadI-tIra kI janazUnyatA, gopanIyatA, prAkRtika sundaratA, zItalatA aura pativratA se prAkRSTa hokara usa nadI-tIra para gayA hogaa| prathavA apane duHkhI mana ko zAnta karane ke lie nadI-tIra para bhramaNa karane kI usakI icchA hogii| isI prakAra rAjakumAra kisI nagara meM isalie gayA kyoMki usake hRdaya meM atyanta vaibhavapUrNa nagara ko dekhane kI cAha thI, vaha nagara yuddhasthala hone kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa ho sakatA hai, eka dhArmika-sthala bhI ho sakatA hai, usa nagara aura apane nagara ke bIca meM vyApArika yA rAjanaitika sambandha bhI lAbhadAyaka ho sakate haiN| usa nagara ke vakRtika-sthala itane prAkarSaka haiM ki phira-phira unheM dekhane kI icchA hotI hai| isalie kavi ina padArthoM kA vistRta evaM rocaka varNana karatA hai to sahRdaya sAmAjika ke hRdaya meM uThe hue praznoM kA uttara bhI mila jAtA hai| ina varNanoM ke

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198 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya--eka adhyayana dvArA kavi apane vistRta bhaugolika jJAna kA bhI paricaya de detA hai / ina padArthoM ke rocaka-varNana se vaha pAThaka ko prAkarSita kara pAne meM bhI saphalatA prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kAvya meM varNana kauzala kavi ko samarthatA ko prakaTa karane ke lie atyanta prAvazyaka hai| kavi prapane kAvyoM meM padArthoM kA jo varNana karatA hai. use do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai--eka to prAkRtika padArthoM kA varNana aura dUsarA vakRtika padArthoM kA varNana / aba sarvaprathama prApa meM sAmane prAkRtika padArthoM kA varNana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai prakRti zabda pra upasarga pUrvaka ku ghAta ke yoga se nippanna humA haiN| pra= uttama, kRti racanA, isa prakAra prakRti zabda kA tAtparya hai, sarvotkRSTa racanA / hama prakRti kI paribhASA isa prakAra de sakate haiM :"prakRti Izvara kI vaha sarvotkRSTa racanA hai| jisake nirmANa meM mAnava kA koI yogadAna nahIM hotaa|" prakRti aura mAnava kA aisA sambandha hai ki koI bhI mAnava usakI krImoMDA se prabhAvita nahIM raha sakatA / gambhIra se gambhIra vyakti bhI prakRti kI goda meM sarasatA kI anubhUti karatA hI hai| jaba sAdhAraNa mAnava-samAja hI prakRti-naTI ke kriyA-kalApoM se itanA prabhAvita hotA hai to phira sahRdaya-sAmAjika ko to bAta hI kyA hai ? usake hRdaya kI sukumAra bhAvanAeM hI prakRti ke kArya-kalApoM ko dekhakara prasphuTita hotI haiM / isIlie pratyeka kavi mAnava dvArA nirmita padArthoM kI apekSA prakRti-varNana meM apane hRdaya ke bhAvoM ko ur3ela kara rakha detA hai| usake kAvya kA uSAgamana kisI nirAza hRdaya meM prAzA kA saJcaraNa hai; himAlaya kI UMcI aura dRDha coTiyAM kisI kI UMcI kalpanA mora hRdaya kI dRr3hatA kI pratIka haiM, sarovara meM khile hue kamala kisI ke sukumAra caraNoM kA smaraNa dilAte haiM; pUrNacandra kisI ke mukha kI prAbhA ko lekara udita hotA hai, pakSiyoM kA madhura kalarava kisI kI vINA kA nidAna hai - isa prakAra kavi prakRti-naTI ke saundarya kA varNana karane ke sAtha hI usakA upayoga upamAna ityAdi ke rUpa meM bhI kara letA hai| prAyaH sahRdaya-sAmAjika hone ke kAraNa kavi prakRti-varNana karatA hI hai, yaha bAta uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtI hai / phira kisI bhI kAvya meM prati varNana eka anivArya sattva hai / prakRti-varNana kAvya meM pAI huI ghaTanAmoM ke upasthitIkaraNa ke lie prAvazyaka deza-kAla aura vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karane meM sahayoga detA hai| kavi apane kAvya ke pAtroM ke lie sukhapUrNa vAtAvaraNa ko upasthita karate samaya prakRti kI sukamAratA kA varNana karatA hai pora pAtroM kI duHkhamayI avasthA meM usI prakRti kA bhISaNa rUpa bhI pAThakoM ke sAmane upasthita kara detA hai| saMyogAvasthA meM

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala 166 jo candrodaya kisI nAyaka vA nAyikA ke lie sukhakArI hotA hai, viyogAvasthA meM vahI nAyaka yA nApikA kI pIr3A ko bar3hA detA hai| isa prakAra kavi-kRta prakRtivarNana kAvya meM niSpanna hone vAle rasa kI niSpatti meM bhI vizeSa rUpa se sahAyaka hotA hai / sAtha hI usake hRdaya kI sukumAratA, prakRti-prema aura varNana kauzala kA bhI vAstavika jJAna pAThaka ko ho jAtA hai / ataeva hama kahI kate haiM ki kAvya meM varNyamAna chanda, malaGkAroM ke samAna hI prakRti-varNana bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / prakRti varNana se mora bhI adhika manohAriNI banI huI kRtiyAM sAhityaka prakRti varNana ke mahattva ko siddha kara detI haiN| saMskRta-sAhitya kA vikAsa jitanA adhika prakRti-naTI ke aMka meM hamA, utanA rAjyAzraya meM nahIM / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMskRta-sAhitya kA prakRti-vaibhava anya kisI bhI mAhitya ke prati-vaMbhava se kahI bar3hA-car3hA hai| kAlidAsa kA 'mabhijJAnazAkuntala' praura bANabhaTTa kI 'kAdambarI' isake jvalanta udAharaNa haiN| apanI cirasahacarI prakRti ke saundarya kA varNana karate samaya, kavi kabhI-kabhI to apanA varNya-viSaya ko bhI bhUla jAtA hai; aura kAvya ke pUre sarga meM prakRti-naTI ke hI vaibhava kA varNana karatA calA jAtA hai| yaha vAta padya-kaviyoM meM gadya kaviyoM kI prapekSA adhika dekhI jAtI hai| kyoMki maya-kaviyoM kA prakRti-varNana kathA-pravAha ke adhIna hotA hai| - hamAre pAlocya mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara bhI apane kAvyoM meM sthAna sthAna para prakRti-naTI ke isa rUpa-vaibhava se prabhAvita hote haiN| unhoMne yathAsambhava apane kAmyoM meM prakRti-naTI kI rUpa-sampadA kA varNana kiyA hai / mahAkavi kA yaha kRtikavarNana kRtrimatA aura kalpanA kI ur3Ana se dUra svAbhAvikatA se prota-prota hai| inake kAvyoM meM variNata rAtri jahAM pAThaka ke hRdaya meM bhAMti ko utpanna karatA hai| vahA~ prabhAta-varNana eka navIna-pAzA ko lie huye upasthita hotA hai / eka mora pAThaka grISma kI bhayAnakatA se kampita ho uThatA hai to dUsarI ora vasanta kA saundarya use prAkarSita kara letA hai| apane kAvyoM meM zrIjJAnasAgara ne parvata, nava, nadI, sarovara, samudra, dvIpa, Rtu, prabhAta, sandhyA, rAtri ityAdi prAkRtika padArthoM kA varNana karate hue, prakRti ke prati apane asIma prema ko prastuta kiyA hai| praba Apake samakSa ina sabhI prAkRtika padArthoM kA varNana prastuta kiyA jaaygaa| parvata-varNana:-- parvatIya sthaloM ke pravalokana se pratyeka vyakti ko yaha anubhava hotA hai ki prakati kA jo saundarya hameM gaganacumbI parvatoM para dekhane ko milatA hai, vaha bhanyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isIlie sahRdaya kavi apane kAvyoM meM prakRti ke isa

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20. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana manohArI aGgakA varNana avazya hI karatA hai / kucha nahIM to sUryodaya yA candrodaya ke bahAne hI vaha parvata-suSamA kA citraNa kara detA hai ; yA use koI tIrthasthAna ghoSita karake apane kAvya ke pAtroM ko vahAM pahuMcA detA hai| hamAre pAlocya mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM meM kramazaH sumeru, himAlaya-vijayAI, kAMcana aura zrIpuru ina pAMca parvatoM kA yathAsthAna varNana kiyA hai / sarvaprathama devagiri sumeru kA varNana Apake samakSa prastuta hai :subhara-parvata isa parvata kA ullekha kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM tIna bAra kiyA hai, do bAra borodaya meM prora eka bAra jayodaya meM / vIrodaya meM sarvaprathama jambUdIpa kI sthiti ko batAte samaya sumeru parvata kA varNana milatA hai| jisake anusAra use eka lAsa yojana UMcA batAyA gayA hai / sumeru parvata ko svarNa-nirmita mAnA gayA hai, isalie kavi kA yaha kathana hai ki sumeru parvata, pRthivI ko dhAraNa karane vAle zeSanAgarUpa daNDa ke Upara sthita suvarNa-kalaza ke samAna hai|' isake pazcAt kavi ne sumeru-parvata kA varNana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmAbhiSeka ke samaya kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma ke bAda devagaNa abhiSeka ke uddezya se bAlaka mahAvIra ko sumeru parvata para le gye| vaha sumeru parvata cAroM mora vanoM se ghirA humA thA; aura usameM jana-samudAya ko chAyA dene vAle phaladAra vRkSa the, isa prakAra yaha parvata puruSArtha-catuSTaya-samanvita, janasukhakArI puruSa ke samAna zobhAyamAna thaa| usa sura parvata para solaha jina-mandira pravasthita the, jisa prakAra nIti-catuSTaya se samanvita puruSa janatA para zAsana karatA hai, usI prakAra vaha sumeru parvata apane cAra vanoM se sabhI parvatoM ke rAjA ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thaa| devagaNoM ne jaba bhagavAn ko sumeru parvata ke ucca zRGga para mavasthita kiyA, taba aisA lagatA thA, mAno kisI ke sammukha na jhukane vAlA sumeru parvata bhagavAn kI garimA se prabhAvita hokara jhuka gayA hai / 1. 'saMviddhi siddhi praguNAmitastu pAtheyamAptaM yadi vRttavastu / itIva yo vakti surAdridambhodastasvahastAMguliraGginambhoH / / madhasthavisphAriphaNIndradaNDazchatrAyate vRttatayA'pyakhaNDaH / sudarzane'tyuttamazailadambhaM svayaM samApnoti suvarNakumbham / / . -vIrodaya, 2 / 2-3 2. suradantiziraHsthito'bhavad ghanasAre sa ca kezarastavaH / zAradabhrasamuccayopari pariNiSThastamasAM sa cApyariH / / vanarAjacatuSTayena yaH puruSArthasya samadhinA jayan / / pratibhAti girIzvaraH sa ca saphalacchAyavidhi sadAcaran /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala . 201 'jayodaya' meM sumeru-parvata-varNana se sambandhita varNana yahA~ hai, jahA~ jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA ke lie jAte haiM / sUrya aura candra ko sAtha-sAtha dhAraNa karatA huprA vaha parvata jayakumAra ko aisA lagatA hai, jaise vaha pItAmbara ko dhAraNa karane se deha kA lupta ho gaI vAstavika chavi vAle aura donoM hAthoM meM cakra pora zaGkha dhAraNa karane vAle bhagavAn viSNu kA rUpa ho / bAdaloM ke vistAra ke saMyoga se sandara, tAje candana se yukta talahaTI vAlA vaha parvata, apane prAdhe zarIra meM pArvatI ko sthita karane vAle bhagavAn zaGkara ke samAna suzobhita thaa|' himAlaya-parvata zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM himAlaya parvata kA varNana do bAra milatA hai| eka bAra vIrodaya meM, praura eka bAra jayodara meM / vIrodaya ke sthala para bhAratavarSa jinasadmasamanvayaccha nAd dhRtamUrtIni bibharti yo balAt / api tIrthakaratva kAraNAnyupayuktAni gato'tra dhAraNAm // nijanIti catuSTayAnvayaM gahanavyAjavazena dhArayan / nikhilepvapi parvateSvayaM prabhurUpeNa virAjate svayam / / gurumabhyupagamya gorave zirasA meruruvAha saMstave / / prabhureSa gabhIratAvi: sa ca tanvA parivArito'nidheH / , -vIrodaya: 718-22 1. vihAya sAso viharanmahAzayaH zayadvayaM sakalayaMzca sAvalaH / balaprabhuzcaityaniketanaM prati pratiSThito merugirI vibhAvihA / parItapItAmbaraluptadeharuk karadvayI prApitacakrakambukaH / virAjate vidyArivAjatejasA girI ravIndU dvayata: sa udvahan / payodharAbhogasa yogamaMjulA taTIM samantAd haricandanAJcitAm / girIzvara: sevata eva satarAM nijArddhadehAnumitAM ca pArvatI / athApi jambUpapade'ntarIke sa eva samyaka khalu kaNikAyate / videhadevottaradezapatrakaiH payodhimadhye zriya pAsanAyate // caturguNI kRtya jinAlayAnaso sadAtanAndikSa mahAjanAJcitAn / jinazriyaH SoDazakAraNAni vai vibharti bhavyAni ca tAni sarvadA // yadantike do diradau vimucyato jalorudhArAmapi nolnprdhii| ravInduvimbe dvayato'nyadarpaNe vahannaso tallabhate ramAkRtim // tathaiva sabyetaranIlanaiSadhaH saTAyamAno'paramparaH param / girIH sanIlAmbarapItavAsaso viraJciputrasya vibhati sacchabim // bhiyeva bhavyo bhavabhAvitacchalassvayaM mahodyAnacatuSTayapachalAt / suvRtta etAH parivartitAkRtI vibhati dharmArtha nikAmaniva'tIH / / -jayodaya, 24 // 4.11

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202 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kI bhaugolika sthiti banAte hue kavi ne himAlaya kA pratisaMkSipta kintu prAlaMkArika varNana kiyA hai, ubhe kaSi ke ho zabdoM meM dekhie ___ 'himAlayollAsiguNaH sa eSa dvIpAkSipasyeva dhanurvizeSaH' / ' (marthAt bhAratavarSa ke uttarapUrva meM himAlaya kI sthiti hai, jo bhAratavarSa rUpa dhanuSa kI DorI ke samAna hai)| sambhavata: kavi ko anya sthala para isa parvata varNana ko vistAra dene ko abhilASA rahI hogI, isIlie usane isa prathama sthala meM himAlaya kA varNana kevala usakI. bhaugolika sthiti batAne ke lie hI kiyA hai / himAlaya-varNana hameM dUsare sthala para, vahA~ dekhane ko milatA hai, jahAM jayakumAra aura sulocanA sumeru, kulAdri, zrIpuru ityAdi parvatoM meM bhramaNa karane ke bAda isa parvata para pahu~cate haiN| taba vaha isa parvata ke naisagika-saundarya se apanI patnI ko paricita karAte hue kahate haiM :-he priye ! bAdaloM kA sparza karane vAlA, UMcI caTTAnoM vAlA, sUrya kI gati ko avaruddha karatA huprA yaha parvata prabhyudaya ko prApta kara rahA hai| isa parvata meM sAlavRkSa kA vana hai / apanI barpha ke bahAne hI mAno yaha parvata zubhra-yaza ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai| yahA~ para jala se paripUrNa zubhrabAdaloM kI paMkti haSTigocara ho rahI hai / devagaNa isa parvata para devAGganAmoM ke sAtha vihAra kara rahe haiM / apane andara mariNayoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA zilAtaloM ko prakaTa karane vAlA, guphApoM vAlA yaha parvata UMcI coTiyoM se suzobhita hai| kisI rAjA ke yahA~ phaharAte hue dhvajA ke vastroM ke samAna, jharanoM se yaha parvatarAja, mAnoM svAmitva pAne kA icchaka ho rahA hai / isa parvata kI gRphArya aisI lagatI haiM, .mAnoM pahale indra ke vajra dvArA kie gae ghAva ho| x x x x / zabdAlaMkAra se alaMkRta isI parvata kA varNana dekhie--- "vipallavAnAmiha sambhavo'pi na vipallavAnAmuta zAkhinAmapi / sadA ramante'sya vihAya nandanaM sadA ramante rucinastataH surAH // " -jayodaya, 24155 parthAt isa parvata para vipatti ke lezamAtra ko bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai, yahAM ke vRkSoM meM pattoM kA prabhAva nahIM hai| isa parvata para devagaNa devAMganAoM ke sAtha nandana vana ko chor3akara sadaiva ramaNa karate rahate haiN)| apanI patnI ke samakSa usa parvata kA varNana karake jayakumAra ne devamandira dekhaa| 1. vIrodaya, 2. jayodaya, 24 // 37-57

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203 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala vijayAddha-parvata isa parvata kA kavi ne do bAra ullekha kiyA hai, eka bAra vIrodaya meM mora eka bAra bhadrodaya meN| prathama bAra to mAtra isakI bhaugolika sthiti hI batA dI gaI hai| para dusarI bAra avazya hI kavi ne isa parvata kA kucha vistAra se varNana kiyA hai . vijayAI parvata bhAratavarSa ke madhya meM sthita hai / ata: yaha bhAratavarSa ko do barAbara bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatA hai / isakI kAnti kapura kI rAzi ko aura mAkRti zeSanAga ko parAjita karane vAlI hai / kapUra kI rAzi se bhI adhika zvetimA ko dhAraNa karatA huA yaha parvata, pRthvI rUpI vRddhA strI kI coTI ke samAna suzobhita ho rahA hai / isa parvata ke apane vistAra se bhAkAza, pRthvI, pAtAla tInoM lokoM ko ghera rakhA hai / isa parvata ko jo zreNiyAM haiM--- uttara zreNI mora dakSiNa gheNI / ina donoM zreNiyoM meM vidyAroM kI nagariyA~ avasthita haiM / isa parvata meM vahAM ke rAjAmoM ko vijaya dilAne vAlI vo saraMge vidyamAna haiN| isake sukhada vAtAvaraNa meM vihAra karane ke lie vidyAdhara-kumAriyAM pAtI hI rahatI haiM, aura yahAM prAkara gIta gAyA karatI hai / sadara strI kI zobhA ko dhAraNa karane vAlI isa parvata kI talahaTI meM kele ke khambhe, lIcI ke per3a evaM kAza-puSpa vidyamAna hai| isa parvata ke uttara meM malakApurI kI sthiti hai| 1. vIrodaya, 218 2. bharate'tra girimahA ruvijayA? dharaNIbhRtAM guruH / ya udaka samupasthito'mutaH sthalataH samvalataH pravartinaH / svayamarda jayAya madhyamo bharatasyAsti ca cakravartinaH / / svarucA dhanasArabhArajita prajaratyA avaneH sa bhUdharaH / nanu zeSamazeSayannahiM pRthuveNIpratimo'tisundaraH // zikhararabhigamya yo'mbaraM svahadbhiH sakalaM bhuvastalam / trijagatsu punArasAtalamayamAkAmati mUlato'calaH // taTinIdvayato mahIbhRti pariNAmena mahIyasI stii| nagarISviti rAjate vahanniha vidyAdharaloka saMgrahaH // praviti suraMgayugmakaM sahajaM yena narezvaro'nakam / ita uttarasambhavasthala vijayAyaiti apaiti codvalaH / / iha paryaTanAryamAgatAM khagakanyAsa surIM samAhRtAm / animeSarazeva pazyati na paraM bhedamutAmaro'syati / / vipine'sya kuto'pi kotakAnmilitAgItavatIsa tAsa kaa| pratimArdavato nabhazcarI svavabhAtIva guNena kinnarI / /

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204 zrIpuru parvata - isa parvata kA varNana kevala eka sthala para milatA hai / jayodaya mahAkAvya meM sumeru parvata ko dekhane ke bAda jayakumAra kI icchA zrIpuruparvata dekhane kI huii| jaba gajarAja apane zarIra kI kAnti ko dhAraNa karane vAle usa parvata kI zilAnoM ko apanA pratidvandvI gaja samajhakara una para apane dAMtoM kA prahAra karatA hai to ve TUTa jAtI haiM / usa parvata para vicarate hue hAthI aise lagate haiM, mAnoM pRthvIpati isa parvata kI sevA ke lie utare hoM / mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana X X X aneka maNiyoM ke samUha kI kAMti se indradhanuSa kI manohAriNI zobhA ko vaha parvatarAja bAdaloM taka phailA rahA hai / kahIM-kahIM para nIlamaNiyoM kI kAnti se utpanna bAdaloM kI bhrAnti ke kAraNa samaya meM hI mayUra nRtya karane lagate haiN| XX X idhara-udhara ghUmate hue camarI mRgoM ke bahAne sundara zrosakaraNoM se camakatA huA vaha parvata uttama yaza ko nitya dhAraNa karatA hai| isake svaccha taTa para kahIM-kahIM guMjAphala girate rahate haiM / XX X gulAba ke phUloM se yukta yaha parvata zyAmala, suvarNa, lohita aura ghavala kAMti ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai| gaMgA ke zubhra jala rUpa yaza se mAno vaha puru parvata zveta banAyA gayA ho / samIpastha gaMgA nadI vAle usa parvata ko dekhakara manasviyoM ke hRdaya meM zramRtatulya usa gaMgAjala ko pIne kI icchA ho jAtI hai XX / eka sthala para kavi ne kaMcanagiri kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / 2 vAstava meM parvata svAbhimAna ke pratIka haiM aura ye prakRti ke prAvazyaka aMga haiN| koI bhI kavi jana prakRti-varNana meM lIna hotA hai to usakA parvatIya prakRtivarNana pranyasthalIya prakRti-varNana se kahIM acchA bana par3atA hai / zrIjJAnasAgara ne kathAprasaMga ke anusAra apane kAvyoM meM parvatoM kA ullekhamAtra bhI kiyA hai pora prAvazyakatA hone para unakA vistRta varNana bhI kiyA hai| unakA parvatIya varNana jahA~ unake bhaugolika jJAna kA paricaya detA hai, vahA~ prAlaGkArika hone ke kAraNa unake kAvya-zAstrIya jJAna kA bhI paricaya detA hai / rucimallakucAJcitA taTIha pavitrodbhavikAza saMkaTI / yuvateH saHzI mahIbhRti mRdurambhorutayA matA satI // malakAnagarI garIyasIha girAvuttarato nahIdRzI / + + 1. jayodaya, 24 / 16-34 2. bhadrodaya, 5 / 31 +11 - zrI samudradattacaritra, 21-10

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kozala 205 vana varNana prakRti-varNana karate samaya parvata-varNana ke bAda vana-varNana kA krama hai / kyoMki prAyaH vana parvatIya sthaloM meM hI hote haiN| vanoM meM RSi-muniyoM ke prAzrama evaM kuTo tathA bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke patra-puSpa mana ko prasanna karate haiM, sAtha hI hiMsaka jIvadhAriyoM kI upasthiti mana meM bhaya bhI utpanna karatI hai| zrIjJAnasAgara kI racanAoM meM nau bAra vanoM kA ullekha milatA hai--bhadrodaya meM eka bAra, vIrodaya meM cAra vAra, jayodaya meM bhI cAra baar| inameM se bhadrodaya meM prAsanAbhidhAna vana kA,' vIrodaya meM sAvaNaM, grAmra. azoka aura campaka se yukta vana kA,2 kalpavRkSa vana kA, kevala nAma-mAtra ke lie ullekha milatA hai tathA vIrodaya meM hI eka manya sthala para vana-sAmAnya kA eka zloka meM kucha mAlaGkArika varNana bhI milatA hai| isI prakAra jayodaya meM himAlaya varNana ke prasaGga meM sAlavAna kA bhI eka zloka meM ullekha mAtra milatA hai| vIrodaya meM vasanta-Rtu varNana ke prasaGga meM kavi ne yatra-tatra vana kI zobhA kA ullekha kiyA hai : . vasanta-Rtu meM sArA vana-pradeza, puSpoM ke parAga se yukta ho rahA hai| koyala rUpa purohita, kAmAgni rUpa yajJAgni, bhramara-guMjAra rUpa vAdya-dhvani vana devatA mora RturAja vasanta ke zubha-pANigrahaNa kA manohArI dRzya upasthita kara rahe haiN| X x x vasanta Rtu meM vana meM gulAba aura kamala ke puSpa vikasita ho rahe haiN| kamalinI kA parAga vAyu ke vega se kamala ko jItane vAle hAthoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlI striyoM ko pAMkhoM meM par3a rahA hai / jayodaya meM eka sthala para kAvya-nAyaka jayakumAra kA zarIra vana-zobhA se romAMcita ho gayA hai / vana zobhA se prAkRSTa hokara vaha dhIre-dhIre dizAmoM meM dRSTi DAla rahe the / vahAM unhoMne sAdhujanoM se yukta, sundara-sundara bagIcoM ko dekhA hai paura harSa kA anubhava kiyA hai| mulocanA se vivAha ke pazcAt jayakumAra gaGgA-nadI ke taTa para phuNce| isa sthala para vana-krIr3A ke prasaMga meM vana-zobhA kA varNana milatA hai| gaMgA-nadI ke 1. bhadrodaya, 416 2. vIrodaya, 13 / 11 3. vahI, 13 / 13 4. vahI, 10 / 21 5. jayodaya, 24 / 38 6. vorodaya, 6 / 13-14, 34-37 7. jayodaya, 188-60

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206 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana sundara taTa para jayakumAra kI icchA utsava manAne kI huI / vahA~ unhoMne eka sundara vana dekhA / vaha vana usa samaya kalpavRkSoM se pratimanohArI laga rahA thA / sundarasundara puSpoM se yukta vaha vana, nandana vana ke samAna puNyAtmA RSiyoM ke dvArA sevya thA / usa vana meM UMcI-UMcI zAkhAoMoM vAle vRkSa the| vaha ina phaloM kI zobhA se samRddha thA / usameM sundara-sundara bilvaphala the / XX X prapane mukha se sparddhA ke phala ko dene ke lie, khile hue puSpoM ko lene ke lie utsuka mahilA, bhramara ke dvArA pIr3ita hokara sItkAra kara rahI thii| aise vana meM jayakumAra aura sulocanA suzobhita ho rahe the / ' jaba jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha vivAha karake loTa ra the, taba mAgaM meM eka sundara bana dekhA / taba unhoMne patnI sulocanA se kahA--' yaha vana manuSya ko romAMcita karane vAlA hai| he priye ! isa vana kI pavitra vAyu, hamAre mArga janita zrama kA haraNa karane vAlI hai| isa vana meM prajana vanoM se mArga ko pRthvI kulavanoM ke samAna suzobhita ho rahI hai / yahA~ ke moroM kI kAnti tumhAre kezoM jaisI hai / he mandagAmini ! tumase hI calane kI zikSA yahAM ke hAthI prApta kara rahe haiM mora dekhane kI kalA meM apane ko tumase parAjita pAkara yaha mRga bhAga rahA hai / " isa prakAra zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM prApta hone vAle vana varNana ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki kavi ne vana-varNana bahuta vistRta nahIM kiyA hai, jahA~ kiyA bhI hai vahA~ kathA prasaMga ke anusAra kiyA hai| zrI jJAnasAgara ke vana-vana kA eka vaiziSTya ghara hai, vaha yaha ki unakA bana varNana sukumAratA se prota-prota hai / kahIM bhI kavi ne hiMsaka pazuyoM se hone vAlI vana kI bhayAnakatA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / mere vicAra se yadi kavi vanoM kI nirjanatA, bhayAnakatA, durgamatA mora hiMsaka pazuoM kI upasthiti kA citra khIMcakara eka bAra pAThaka ke hRdaya ko kampita kara detA to usakA vana-varNana pUrNatA ko prApta ho jAnA / I nadI-varNana - nadI - vana bhI kavikRta prakRti-varNana kA eka mahatvapUrNa aGga haiM / prakRtipremI pratyeka sukavi jahA~ parvatoM aura vanoM kA prAlaGkArika-varNana karane meM kuzala hotA hai, vahA~ vasundharA ke vakSassthala para hAra ke samAna suzobhita nadiyoM kA svabhAvoktipUrNa varNana karane meM bhI usako kuzalatA prakaTa ho jAtI hai| mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara kI racanAoM meM nadiyoM kA ullekha prATha bAra mAyA 1. jayodaya, 14 / 1-14 2. vahI, 21 / 4104

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana kauzala hai / do sthaloM para bhAratavarSa aura aMgadeza ko sthiti ko batAte samaya ' kavi ne nadiyoM kA kevala nAma mAtra ke lie hI ullekha kiyA hai / isake pratirikta eka sthala para videha deza kI nadiyoM kA eka sthala para avantI- pradeza meM bahane vAlI ziprA nadI kA, aura cAra sthaloM para devanadI gaGgA kA varNana kiyA hai / , videha deza kI nadiyoM kA varNana karate hue kavivara likhate haiM ki 'videha deza kI nadiyA~ svaccha jala vAlI thIM, aura nirantara jala se bharI huI hokara pravAhita hotI thiiN| unameM vikasita nIlakamaloM ke bahAne apane netroM ko kholakara pRthvI mAnoM usa deza kI samRddhi kA avalokana karatI hai / samIpastha vRkSoM ko chor3akara nIce samudra kI prora jAtI huI nadiyoM kA yaha kArya vaisA hI hai jaise koI pramadA prapane samIpastha taruNa ko chor3akara kisI vRddha puruSa se milana ke lie jAya / 2 bhavantI pradeza meM bahane vAlI ziprA nadI kA bhI kavi ne bar3A hI prAlaGkArika varNana kiyA hai : 207 1 avantI pradeza meM ziprA nAma kI nadI hai, jisake samparka se zItala hokara vAyu pathika janoM kA pasInA sukhAne meM samartha hotA hai / isa nadI meM machaliyA~ prasannatApUrvaka krIDA karatI haiM / pratyadhika laharoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa yaha nadI bahuta se sihoM vAlI praTavI kI samatA karatI hai / amRtatulya jala se paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa svargIpama ho rahI hai, gambhIratA ko dhAraNa karatI huI brahmavidyA ke samAna ho rahI hai, apane jala se donoM kinAroM ko aise tor3a rahI hai, jisa prakAra eka vyabhicAriNI strI apane donoM kuloM- pitRkula aura patikula ko kalaMkita karatI hai / 3 yaha pahale hI kahA jA cukA hai ki devanadI gaGgA kA varNana kavi ne cAra sthaloM para kiyA hai| sarvaprathama mAkAzagaGgA kA prasaGga prAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmAbhiSeka hetu indra devagaNoM sahita kuNDanapura ke lie prasthAna karate haiM / mAgaM maiM daver prAkAzagaGgA ke darzana karate haiM, unheM vaha gaGgA zubhrasalilA hone ke kAraNa aisI lagatI hai, jaise vaha atyanta vRddha devalakSmI kI veNI ho, yA sphaTika maNiyoM se viracita svargaloka ke mukhya dvAra kI dehalI ho / 4 gaGgA nadI ke varNana se sambandhita dUsarA sthala vahA~ para hai, jahA~ jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha kAzInagarI se nikalakara gaGgA nadI ke taTa para Thaharate haiN| gaMgA 1. (ka) vIrodaya, 28 (sa) sudarzanodaya, 2 / 15 2. dayodaya, 2015-17 3. dayodaya, 1 zloka 21 ke bAda kA caturtha gadyabhAga / 4. vIrodaya, 3 / 7-6

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208 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana nadI pRthvI para vistIrNa, manohara mora jayakumAra ko prasanna karane vAlI thI / isa nadI ke bahate hue jala ko dekhakara jayakumAra ko aisA lagatA hai mAnoM unake teja se picalatI huI barpha ho / XXX isa nadI ke kinAre rAjahaMsoM kI paMkti suzobhita thii| isameM aneka kamala the| isa prakAra laharoM se yukta, jinavANI ke samAna yaha nadI saMtApa ko dUra karane vAlI thI / kuzAvAsa se yukta yaha nadI apane saundarya se sItA kI samatA dhAraNa karatI thI / nadI ke kinAre vRkSoM meM sthita tote pathikoM ke mana ko AkarSita karate the / kamaliniyoM se yukta, pakSiyoM se zabdAyamAna kIrti kI sAkSAtsvarUpa, yaha nadI jagattraya ko jItane kI icchA karane vAle kAnadeva kI senA ke samAna thI / kAmadeva ke dvArA prajvalita agni se prasphuTita hotI huI cinagAriyoM ke samAna, isa nadI ke kamaloM ke parAga ke karaNa mAnoM kAmadeva kI prAjJA se manasviyoM ke mana ko santapta kara rahe the / isa nadI ke taTa para tirachI gardana vAlA bagulA prAte hue manasviyoM ke mana meM zveta kamala ko bhrAnti utpanna kara rahA thaa| isa nadI ke taTa para bane huye zivira dUra hone ke kAraNa kalahaMsoM kI upamA ko dhAraNa kara rahe X X X jala pIne kA icchuka ghor3A, isa nadI ke jala meM par3ate hue apane pratibimba ko dekhakara, pipAsA ko bhUlakara apanI priyA ko yAda kara rahA thaa| isa nadI ke kamaloM se suvAsita janoM se hAthiyoM kA jhuMDa snAna kara rahA thaa| + + + isa nadI ke nirmala jala meM par3atI huI apanI chAyA ko dekhakara eka hAthI use apanA pratidvandvI gaja samajhakara use mArane ke lie jaise hI se daur3A, vaise hI vaha nadI ke jala meM DUbakara mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| hAthI usa nadI ke jala meM apane zarIra ke santApa ko zAnta kara rahe the| koI hAthI isa nadI ke jala se kamalanAla le rahA thaa| koI hAthI apane siMra para zrAdara sahita dhUli dhAraNa kara rahA thaa| hAthiyoM kA jhuNDa isa nadI ke jala meM krIr3A karake use vyAkula kara rahA thA / aisI pavitra jalavAlI isa nadI ke samIpa meM rAjA jayakumAra apanI senAsahita ThaharA / " 1. jayodaya, 13 / 53-116 2. vahI, 14 / 42- 46 3. bahI, 20145-75 gaGgAnadI ke varNana se sambandhita tRtIya sthala vaha hai, jahA~ jayakumAra kI vanakor3A kA varNana hai / isake atirikta kavi ne gaGgA nadI kA vistRta bhaura sundara air ahA~ para kiyA hai, jahA~ sulocanA DUbate huye jayakumAra kI rakSA karane ke liye mantroM kA jApa karatI huI gaGgA nadI ke jala meM praviSTa hotI hai / uparyukta nabIvana se hI kavi ke kauzala kA paricaya sudhI pAThakoM ko ho jAegA, isalie ina

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana - kauzala 208 do sthaloM se sambandhita nadI-varNana ko vistAra na dekara maiMne inakA paricaya mAtra karAnA hI ucita samajhA hai / sarovara-varNana kavivara jJAnasAgara kI kRtiyoM ke parizIlana se aisA lagatA hai ki sarovaravarNana kI sambhavataH unhoMne upekSA kara dI hai / kavi ne sarovara prathavA usake tIra kA varNana pA~ca bAra kiyA hai, para vaha hai atyanta saMkSipta | videha, mAlava aura aMga dezoM kI bhaugolika sthiti kA paricaya karAte samaya kavi ne vahA~ sthita sarovaroM kA unhIM dezoM kI samRddhi ko batAne ke lie ullekhamAtra hI kiyA hai / " yadi hama eka sthala para ullikhita unake pratyalpa sarovara-varNana ko dekheM, to hama yaha kalpanA avazya kara sakate haiM ki yadi kavi Rtu ityAdi ke samAna sarovaroM ke saundarya kA varNana karatA, to use saphalatA avazya hI miltii| vaha laghu uddharaNa draSTavya hai :" suprasiddha mAlavanA madezaH - - lalitApsaraH / pariveSatayA ca kilA parasvargapradeza iva samavabhAsate / " - ( dayodaya, 1 zloka 8 ke bAda kA gadyabhAga 1 ) manohAriNI prapsarAnoM se (prarthAt - sundara jalAzayoM se yukta vaha mAlava deza yukta svarga ke samAna suzobhita hotA hai / ) grISma Rtu varNana-prasaGga meM kavi jJAnasAgara ne sarovara mIra usake tIra kA bhI pratisaMkSipta kintu svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA hai -: jisa prakAra zreSTha rAjA ke zAsana karane para rAjya meM mUrkhoM kA prabhAva hone lagatA hai, usI prakAra sahasrarazmi bhagavAn sUrya kA pratApa pracaNDa hone para sarovara kA jala bhI sUkhane lagatA hai / sarovara kA jala prasyanta tapa jAtA hai, isIlie bhramara kamaloM kA prAzraya chor3akara samIpastha vRkSoM kI latAoM kA prAzraya le lete haiN| sarovara ke taura para rAjahaMsa kamala yukta mRNAlakhaNDa ko muMha meM rakhakara zobhita hote haiM / 1. (ka) bIrodaya, 2016 samudra-varSa - nadI maura sarovara to jalasampadA ke choTe-choTe rUpa haiM, para jalasampadA kA vAstavika saumyaM to hameM ratnAkara meM ho dekhane ko milatA hai / zrIjJAnasAgara ne bhI apanI racanAoM meM sAta bAra samudra kA aura do bAra usake taTa kA varNana kiyA hai / (kha) sudarzanovaya 1 / 1e , (ga) dayodaya, 1 | zloka & ke bAda kA gadyabhAga / vIrodaya, 12-8-20

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210 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya --eka adhyayana jambUdIpa' aura bhAratavarSa kI sthiti batAte hue2 kavi ne upamAna rUpa meM samudra kA kevala ullekhamAtra hI kiyA hai / varSA Rtu-varNana ke prasaMga meM samudra kA saMkSipta varNana kiyA gayA hai : varSA Rtu meM pratyadhika ala vAlI nadiyoM ke jala ko pAkara samudra ke jala meM vRddhi ho rahI hai / atyadhika jala-grahaNa karane se usa samudra ke UparI bhAga meM phenasamUha vaise hI dRSTigocara ho rahA hai, jaise madyapAna se unmatta puruSa ke muMha se jhAga nikalane lagate haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmAbhiSeka ke samaya kavi ne samudra kA vistata varNana kiyA hai / navajAta zizu bhagavAn vIra kA abhiSeka karane ke lie devagaNa unheM sumeru parvata para le gae / kSIra sAgara ke jala se unakA abhiSeka kiyA gaya! / mAnoM vaha samudra vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa Upara nahIM jA pA rahA thA, isalie devagaNa hI use bhagavAn ke samIpa le jAkara usa para bar3I kRpA kara rahe the| usakI taTa sampadA yuvatI strI kI zobhA ko dhAraNa kara rahI thI, jisameM lInI, akharoTa, baher3a tathA tilaka jAti ke vakSa the, devagaNa isa taTa-sampadA kA nirIkSaNa kara rahe the| jisa prakAra eka vRddha puruSa kA zarIra jhuriyoM vAlA hotA hai vaise hI samudra meM taraMgeM thii| komala pattoM aura mAmravRkSoM ko vikasita karane vAlI zarajAti kI ghAsa se yukta samudra kI velA devatAmoM ke lie sukhadAyinI huI jaba devagaNa bhagavAna ke abhiSeka-hetu kSIrasAgara se jala le jA rahe the, taba aiyA lagatA thA mAnoM vaha koI pUjya vRddha vyakti ho| samudra ke jala ko pavitra karane ke lie hI mAnoM indra ne usase bhagavAn kA abhiSeka kiyaa| bhagavAn ke zarIra ke lie usa samudra kI jaladhArA ajali ke samAna pratyalpa ho gii| usakA jala cAroM ora phailakara, dizAyoM kI prasannatA ko prakaTa sA karane lgaa| aisA lagatA thA, mAnoM bhagavAn kI deha se upakRta evaM prasanna samuda indrapurI pahuMca rahA ho| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne samudra evaM samudra-taTa kA jo yaha svAbhAvika citra pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta kiyA haiM, yaha prasaMgavaga hI hai| isIlie unake anya prAkRtika padArthoM ke varNana ke samAna yaha vistAra nahIM pA sakA hai| phira bhI upamA mora utprekSA alaMkAroM se yukta hone ke kAraNa yaha samudra-varNana pratIva manohara hai| 1. vIrodaya, 204 2. vIrodaya, 217, 87-8 3. vIrodaya, 4 / 23-24 4. vorodaya, 7 / 22.28, 33

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211 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala yadi kavi ise aura bhI vistAra detA, to isakI manohAritA meM prora bhI vRddhi hotii| dvIpa-varNana mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne apanI racanAmoM meM dvIpa-varNana cAra sthaloM para kiyA hai / ina cAra sthaloM meM se do syaloM meM varNana to kyA kiyA hai, kevala nAma-mAtra ke lie dvIpoM kA ullekha kara diyA hai - eka to mAlava deza kI sthiti batAte samaya jambUdvIpa kA ullekha kiyA hai dayodaya campU, 1 zloka ke bAda kA gadyabhAga; mora dUsarA jaba bhadrabhitra dhanArjana hetu ghara se prasthAna karatA hai, taba ratnadvIpa kA ullekha kiyA hai zrI samudadattacaritra 3.17. para vIrodaya meM bhAratavarSa kI sthiti batAte hue kavi ne jambUdvIpa kA kucha bhI darNana kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : ____ asaMkhya dvIpoM vAlI, samudra se ghirI huI pRthvI ke madhya meM 'jambU' nAmaka sarvaDhIpaziromaNi dIpa pratiSThita hai / isa jambUdvIpa ke madhya meM eka lAna yojana UMcA sumeru parvata hai / jambUdvIpa ke nIce zeSanAga rUpa daNDa sthita hai; aura Upara suvarNa-klaMza ke samAna sumeru parvata hai, ina donoM ke hone se jambUdvIpa chatra kI upamA ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai| isa golAkAra dIpa ke cAroM mora samudra kI sthiti hai| isake sAta-kSetroM meM dakSiNa dizA meM sthita kisI kSetra meM bhAratavarSa kI sthiti hai (vIrodaya, 2 // 1-5) ___ isI prakAra praGga-deza kI sthiti ko batAte samaya bhI kavi ne punaH jambUdvIpa kA varNana kiyA hai : vidvAnoM ko prAnandina karane vAlA, dvopAdhipati, parvatazreSTha sumerupavaMta ko mukuTa ke samAna dhAraNa karanA hamA, pRthvI ke madhya meM prasiddha jambUdvIpa sthita hai| yaha jambUdvIpa evArthacatuSTaya kA prAzraya sthAna hai, anAdisiddha hai, vicArazIla loga isakI carcA karate hI rahate haiN| isa prakAra kA yaha zreSThadvIpa, puNyarUpa sampadA maMgaladIpa kI samatA ko dhAraNa karatA hai| isake eka bhAga meM bharata nAmaka kSetra kI avasthiti hai (sudarzanodaya, 1 / 11-12 / ) Rtu-varNana pratyeka mAnava ke jIvana kI kucha viziSTa pravasthAeM hotI haiM, jinakA krama hai-zaizavAvasthA, bAlyAvasthA, kizorAvasthA, yuvAvasthA, prauDhAvasthA paura vRddhAvasthA / isI prakAra prakRti devI bhI kucha viziSTa avasthAmoM meM hokara gujaratI hai-ye pravasthAeM haiM-zarada, hemanta, zizira, vasanta, grISma pora prAvaTa / prakRti apanI ina aMvasthAnoM se svayaM to prabhAvita hotI hI hai, sAtha hI apane samparka meM Ane vAle pratyeka prANI ko bhI prabhAvita kara detI hai| phira sukumAra hRdaya kavi to usase kucha jyAdA hI prabhAvita hotA hai / apane pAlocya mahAkavi zAnasAgara kI

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212 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana racanAmoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki prAkRtika padArthoM meM yadi kisI padArtha ne unheM adhika prabhAvita kiyA hai, to vaha hai Rtu / unhoMne prAyaH pratyeka Rtu kA sarga-paryanta varNana karane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai / unhoMne apane kAvyoM meM basanta, zarada, hemanta, grISma aura varSA kA varNana kiyA hai / to lIjie, sarvaprathama RturAja vasamta kA hI abhinandana kIjie basanta-varNana ___ kavi kI racanAyoM meM vasantavarNana do sthaloM para milatA hai / RturAja basantavarNana kA prathama sthala to vaha hai, jaba siddhArtha kI rAnI priyakAriNI garbhavatI hoto haiM / usa samaya RturAja vasanta ke prAgamana para kAmadeva ke bala meM vRddhi ho gaI, sUrya uttarAyaNa para avasthita ho gayA, pRthvI ke cAroM bhora phUloM kA parAga vikhara gayA, vAyu isa parAga ko vanasthalI meM bikharA rahA hai, puMskokila kA madhura-svararUpa maMtroccAraNa, kAmadevarUpa agni, bhramaroM kA gaMjana, vana-lakSmI paura RturAja ke vivAha kA dRzya upasthita kara rahe haiN| prazoka-vakSa pIr3ita-pathika ko mUcchita karake apane nAma ko nirarthaka kara rahA hai / candana-vakSoM kI surabhi se surabhita malaya-parvata se mAne vAlI havA uttaradizA kI ora pravahamAna ho rahI hai / eka ora yaha Rtu striyoM ko vana vihAra ke lie prerita kara rahA hai, dUsarI pora virahI janoM ko saMtApa de rahA hai / vasanta Rtu meM vikasita hotI huI aAmramaMjarI koyala ko sukha pahu~cA rahI hai| khile hue pura vizvavijigISu kAmadeva ke bAraNa haiM; aura koyala kA svara prayANa-sUcaka zaMkha ninAda hai| bhramara kAmo-puruSa ke samAna hI grAmramaMjarI ko cumbana kara rahe haiN| bhramaroM se zabdAyamAna, pAmra maMjarI se saMyukta, sahakAra ke vRkSa pathika janoM kI unakI smati jagAkara pIr3ita kara rahe haiN| puSpotpatti, bhramaraguMjana malayAnilapravahaNa, nArIceSTA, kokilasvara-ye pAMcoM puSpadhanvA vAmadeva ke bAraNa hai, inhIM se kAmadeva saMsAra meM vijaya prApta karatA hai, aura diyogI janoM ko pIr3ita karatA hai| vikasita puSpoM kA parAga cAroM pora isa prakAra phaila rahA hai, mAnoM vasantazrI ke mukha kI zobhA ko bar3hAne vAlA cUrNa ho, yA viyogI jana ke zarIra meM lagAne vAlI bhasma ho, yA kAmadeva kI patAkA kA vastra ho| bhramaroM kI paMkti pathika-janoM ko rokane vAlA aMkuza hai, athavA danasthalI kI sundara veNI hai, yA. kAmarUpI gajarAja ko bAMdhane kI zrRMkhalA hai| palAza ke lAla phUla pathika ko sahaja hI meM usakI strI kA smaraNa karA dete haiN| sUrya kI mandagati ko lakSya meM rakhakara kavi utprekSA karatA hai ki sUrya sambhavataH vibhinna prAbhUSaNoM se susajjita mRganayanI striyoM ke mukhakamaloM kA darzana karane ke kAraNa hI gagana-mAnaM para dhIrepore jAtA hai| bhramara aura kokiloM dvArA mAnoM kAmadeva logoM ko apane vaza meM kara rahA hai| lavaMgaMlatA pallavita aura puSpita ho rahI hai| dakSiNa dizA se mAne vAlI

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA vana-kauzala - 213 vAyu mAnoM sUrya se viyusta dakSiNa dizA kA niHzvAsa hai| kamaliniyoM kA parAga striyoM kI prAMkhoM meM par3a rahA hai. aisA lagatA hai mAnoM kAmadeva ne, striyoM ke hRdaya rUpI dhana ko curAne ke lie una kamaliniyoM ko niyukta kiyA hai / AmravRkSoM meM saMlagna bhramara prAja mAnoM viyogo janoM ko duHkha pahu~cAne kA pApa karane vAle vasanta ko duHkhI kara rahe haiN| isa vasanta Rtu meM vana-pradeza atyadhika zobhA se sampanna ho rahe haiM / cAroM prora kAmadeva kA sAmrAjya phaila rahA hai| rasarAja zRGgAra ke prAtithya meM janasamudAya juTa gayA hai aura loga prasannatA kA anubhava kara rahe haiN|' dUsare sthala para vana-vihAra ke pUrva mAnoM kavi apanI zabdAvalI se vasanta kA svAgata karatA hai :-- sa vasanta prAgato he santaH, sa vasantaH / / parapuSTA vipravarAH santaH santi sapadi sUktamudanta: / / 1 / / latAjAtirupayAti prasaraM kautukasAnmadhuravaraM tat // 2 // lasati sumanasAmeSa samUhaH kimuta na sakhi visphuradantaH / / 3 / / bhUrAnandamayIyaM sakalA pracarati zAnteH prabhavaM tat / / 4 / / _ -- -- - sa vasantaH svIkriyatAM santaH sa vasantaH / / sahajA sphurati yataH sumanastA jaDatAyAzca bhavatyantaH / / 1 / / vasanebhyazca tilAlimuktvA''hvayati tu daMgambhayantat / sahakArataroH sahasA gandha: prasarati kinnAha jagadantaH / / 3 / / paramArAme pikaravazriyA bhUrAnandasya bhavantaH / / 4 // 2 (vasanta Rtu saba prANiyoM kA mana lubhAtI hai| koyala kI madhura vANI ke sAtha hI sAtha vipravaroM ke vedamantroM kA svara bhI sunAI de rahA hai| cAroM ora vibhinna prakAra ke puSpa khila rahe haiM / sArI pRthvI para prAnanda kA sAmrAjya ho rahA hai / jAr3e kI jar3atA ko samApta karane vAlI isa vasanta Rtu kA svAgata karo, jisameM pUSpa vikasita hote haiN| manuSya adhika vastra pahinanA chor3a detA hai / mAna-vRkSa kI surabhi cAroM ora phaila rahI hai / koyala kI vANI sunAI de rahI hai|) grISma-varNana pUrvabhavoM kA smaraNa karane ke anantara bhagavAn ke mana meM uThane vAle vicAra vRddhi ko prApta hue / usa samaya grISmakAla kA Agamana huA; aura dina vRddhigata hone lage / sUrya kI pracaNDatA para kavi ko udbhAvanA dekhiye : 1. bIrodaya, 6 / 12-37 2. sudarzanodaya, 6 / 1-2 giit|

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3.14 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyaya na "svato hi saMjRmbhitajAtavedA nidAghake rugNa ivoSNarazmiH / cirAdathotthAya karaMrazeSAn rasAnnigRhNAtyanuvAdi prasmi ||" ( vIrodaya, 122 ) ( arthAt grISma Rtu meM bar3hatI huI sUrya kI garmI ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai, mAnoM vaha koI rugNa puruSa ho / jaise koI rogI puruSa bahuta samaya ke vAda zayyA se uThatA hai aura jaTharAgni bar3hane se jo kucha mile, use hI khAne meM zIghratA se pravRtta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra yaha sUrya bhI pRthvI ke sava rasoM ko mAnoM khA rahA hai / isa samaya vRkSa apanI chApA ko usI prakAra nahIM chor3ate haiM, jisa prakAra puruSa apanI navavivAhitA strI ko prapane samIpa se nahIM haTAtA / garma havA virahiNI striyoM ke uSNa zvAsa ke samAnaM pravahamAna hai / padhika janoM meM jalAbhilASA bar3ha rahI hai / grISma ke saMtApa se vyAkula hAthI, samIna meM sote hue sarpa ko kamalanAla samajhakara apanI sUMr3ha se khIMcane lagate haiM / viyoga se santapta strI ke samAna hI pRthvI bhI sUrya ke tApa se santapta hai|+++ kuttoM kI lapalapAtI jihvA ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai, mAnoM unake bhItara prajvalita agni kI jvAlA jilhnA ke bahAne bAhara bhA rahI ho / jalAzayoM kA jala ghaTatA jA rahA hai| sarovaroM ke tapate hue jaloM ke kAraNa bhramara kamala ko chor3akara latAnoM kA Azraya le rahe haiM / sUrya ke pracaNDa tApa ke kAraNa apane mukha meM kamalayukta mRNAla khaNDa ko dhAraNa karake saparivAra sarovara ke taura para baiThA huA rAjahaMsa zreSTha rAjA ke samAna suzobhita ho rahA hai| sUrya ke prakhara tApa se santapta hokara sarpa dIrghazvAsa chor3akara avaruddha gati bAlA hokara, chAyA prApti kI icchA se mora ke paGkhoM ke nIce hI baiTha jAtA hai, use yaha dhyAna hI nahIM rahatA ki mora se usakI zatrutA hai / garmI ke kAraNa pakSIgaNa chajjoM ke nIce bane hue ghoMsaloM meM prazraya le lete haiM; prora mayUragaNa bhI kisI vRkSa kI ghanI, sarasa, bhIgI huI kyArI meM cupacApa baiTha jAte haiN| garmI se saMtapta hokara bhaiMsA apane aMga kI chAyA ko saghana kIcar3a samajhakara usameM loTa-poTa hone lagatA hai| kintu vahA~ kI garma - dhUli se aura bhI pIr3A ko prApta karatA hai / kucha dhanika loga basa se yukta kuTI meM nivAsa karate haiM; kucha bhUmigata tahakhAnoM meM rahate haiM, nidrA bhI manuSyoM kI donoM prAMkhoM ke palakoM kI zaraNa le letI hai / vAyu tAlavRkSa ke DaMThaloM para hI pahu~ca jAtA hai, mora jala bhI santapta hokara pasIne ke bahAne pramadAnoM ke stanoM kI zaraNa letA hai| yahA~ taka ki kAmadeva ko bhI candana - carcita-navavivAhita striyoM ke stanoM kA prAzraya lene kI prAvazyakatA ho jAtI hai / pathika kI gati avaruddha ho jAtI hai| sUrya kI kiraNoM se jale hue bhItarI bhAga vAle vRkSoM ke kaToroM meM pakSiyoM ke bacce pyAsa se pIr3ita hokara aise karuraNa zabda karate haiM mAnoM garmI se pIr3ita hokara vRkSoM ke koTara hI cillA rahe hoN| divasoM kI dIrghatA para kavi bhadbhAvanA karate haiM-- moroM kI bAta chor3a dI jAya, hima kA zatru sUrya

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala bhI mAnoM himAlaya kI guphA meM vizrAma karake hI prAge jAtA hai, isIlie divasa bar3e ho jAte haiN| sUryAsta ke pazcAt bhI pRthvI bahuta dera taka garma rahatI hai| vasanta kAla meM jo vAya kamaliniyoM kI sugandhi se surabhita hokara janasamudAya ko mAnandina karatA hai, prAja vahI vAyu galiyoM kI dhUli ko cAroM mora pheMkatA huA pAgala puruSa ke samAna adhIra hokara bhramaNa kara rahA hai / lU cala rahI hai / grISma Rtu usI puruSa ko nahIM patAtI hai, jo ki striyoM ke sAmIpya se hone vAle sukhoM kA upabhoga karatA hai / prasveda se pUrNa stanoM mora nAbhipradeza vAlI striyAM sarasiyoM ke sUkha jAne para kAmIjanoM ke lie saraso kA sA pAcaraNa kara rahI haiN|' varSA-varNana jaba prASAr3ha mAsa meM kuNDanapura ke rAjA siddhArtha kI paTarAnI priyakAriNI garbhavatI huI, usa samaya grISma-kAla se utpanna saMtApa ko dUra karane vAlI varSA-Rtu kA mAgamana humA / isa Rtu kA Agamana hone para pRthvI pauSadhiyoM, dhAnyoM pora zarakaNDoM se yukta ho gaI hai| cAroM ora nIlakamala vikasita hone lage haiM, pratyadhika jalavRSTi ke kAraNa logoM kA mAvAgamana kama ho gayA hai| sarpa-samudAya meM vRddhi ho gaI hai / praneka dinoM ke bAda bhI sUrya ke darzana nahIM ho rahe haiN| sArA saMsAra eka vizAla sarovara sA pratIta hotA hai / meDhakoM kA svara sunAI de rahA hai, koyala kI dhvani kahIM nahIM sunAI par3atI hai| meSagarjanA sunakara mayUra sundara nRtya prastuta kara rahe haiM / bAdaloM ke madhya meM bijalI camaka rahI hai| grISmakAla meM samudra se liyA gayA jala usI ko lauTAyA jA rahA hai| kabhI-kabhI prole bhI gira rahe haiN| kamalotpatti nahIM ho rahI hai| yaha Rtu vidhavA yuvatiyoM ko santapta kara rahI hai| kuTaja vRkSa ke puSpoM para girI huI jala kI bUMdeM motiyoM ke samAna pratIta hotI haiN| vAyu apane pracaNDa vega se cAtaka ke mukha meM jAne vAlI jalabindu ko rokakara usake Upara atyAcAra kara rahA hai| rAtri hone para juganUM camaka rahe haiM, aisA lagatA hai mAnoM prAkAza kA nakSatra-samUha meSoM se pIr3ita hokara pRthvI ke pAsa mA gayA hai| striyAM jhUlA jhUla rahI haiM / samudra ke jala meM vRddhi ho rahI hai, isalie usameM phena utpanna ho rahA hai / meghAcchannatA ke kAraNa utpanna andhakAra, divasa bhora rAtri meM ekarUpatA utpanna kara rahA hai, aise samaya meM cakravAkI hI divasa para rAtri meM bheda karatI hai / pRthvI meM navIna dvAra ke aMkura utpanna ho gae haiN| zarad-varNana sarvajJa bhagavAna ke darzanoM ke lie hI mAnoM zarad Rtu kA pRthvI para pAgamana 1. bIrodaya, 12-1.30 2. bIrodaya, 412-27

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana humA / yaha Rtu vAdaloM se rahita, nirmala prAkAza meM tArAgaNoM ko dhAraNa karatI huI navavivAhitA strI ke samAna suzobhita ho rahI hai| logoM ko pramudita karane vAlI strI ke samAna ho isa Rtu meM kamala vikasita ho rahe haiN| zarada-Rtu meM navavivAhitA se milane vAle prAnanda kA mAsvAda kavi ke zabdoM meM lIjie : "parisphurattArakatA yayA'pi sitAmbarA guptapayodharApi / jalAzayaM samprati modayantI zarannavodeyamathAvajantI / / " (vIrodaya, 21 / 2) isa Rtu meM sAThI dhAna taiyAra ho gayA hai / sUrya uttarAyaNa se dakSiNAyana kI mora jA rahA hai / meghoM ke samparka se prApta hone vAlA varSAkAlIna jo jala logoM ke lie kaSTakAraka ho gayA thA, vahI amRtavarSI candramA kI kiraNoM ke samparka se prAsvAdya ho gayA hai| yogiyoM kI sabhA meM paramAtmarUpa samvandhI zabda kA uccAraNa hotA hai, to zarad Rtu meM haMsoM kA zabda sunAI detA hai. / yogiyoM kI sabhA meM bhogI-jana mauna dhAraNa karate haiM to zarada-Rtu meM sarpabhakSo mayUra bhI cupa ho jAte haiN| yogiyoM ko sabhA meM sajjanoM kA samaha svargaprApti ke lie prayatnazIla hotA hai to zarad-Rtu meM camakate hue tArAgaNa mAkAza meM prAge bar3hane kA prayatna karate haiM zarada-Rtu meM vikasita hue kamaloM meM bhrabhara guMjana kara rahe haiN| pRthvI meM kIcar3a bhI nahIM hai| zaratkAlIna pRthvI ke saundayaM ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai mAnoM kamalamukhI pRthvI bhramararUpI netroM se zarad Rtu ke saundarya kA avalokana kara isa Rtu meM AkAza aura sarovara kI chavi tulya hai| sarovaroM meM zveta kamala vikasita ho rahe haiM; mora pAkAza meM tArAgaNoM ko kAnti phailara hI hai| sarovara bAlahaMsa se suzobhita haiM; mAkAza meM candramA gatimAna hai / AkAza rUpI gRha se meghoM ke doSa ko candrikA rUpI nirmala jala se dho diyA gayA hai| rAtri ne mAnoM vahAM candramA-rUpI dIpaka rakhakara tArAgaNoM rUpI akSatoM ko bikhera diyA hai / bikhare hue tArAgaNoM ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai mAnoM zarad-Rtu ke samIpa meM candramA ko bAtA huA dekhakara varSA-Rtu krodha meM prAkara muTThI meM sthita maNiyoM ko paTaka kara vahAM se calI gaI hai| dhAnya carane ke lie pAyA humA mugasamUha, dhAnya kI rakSA karane vAlI sundara bAlikAmoM ke madhura gItoM ko sunakara dhAnya ko caranA bhUla jAtA hai| haMsoM ke sundara zabdoM se parAjita hokara mora mAnoM apane paMkhoM ko ukhAr3akara pheMka rahe haiN| kRSaka apane taiyAra dhAnya ko khalihAnoM meM ekatra kara rahe haiN| kAmadeva ke koSa se bhagavAna sUrya bhI praprabhAvita nahIM hai| ataH vaha siMha rAzi ko chor3akara kanyArAzi para pahuMca gae haiN| saptavaNaM vakSa ko sugandhi se sugandhita hokara zaratkAlIna vAyu mathuna karane se zithila vadhunoM kI kAmavAsanA ko bar3hA dI hai| puruSoM se karane

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala 217 vAle madhusamUha se yukta bhUmaNDala para calatA humA rAhagIra jaba dekhatA hai ki bhramara kamalinI kA cumbana karatA hai, to vaha atyadhika vicalita ho jAtA hai| kamalasamUha para baiThI huI bhramarapaMkti aisI lagatI hai mAnoM zarad Rtu dvArA likhita kAmadeva kA prazastilekha ho / puSpita kAMsa rUpa caMvara, saptaparNa rUpa chatra aura haMsasvararUpa cAraNoM kI virudAvalI kAmadeva ko samrAT vanA rahe haiM / isa Rtu ko rAtri candramA sahita pratyadhika zobhAzAlinI hotI hai / pranya Rtu kI rAtri aisI zobhA dhAraNa nahIM krtii| aisI hI isa saundaryazAlinI Rtu meM bhagavAna mahAvIra mumukSu hue|' zIta (hemanta) varNana apane pitA ke sammukha vivAha ke prastAva ko ThakarAkara java bhagavAn mahAvIra saMsAra kI svArthaparaka murkhatA ko dUra karane kA vicAra kara ho rahe the ki zItakAla kA prAgamana ho gayA / sUrya kanyA rAzi ko chor3akara dhana rAzi para mA gayA hai / ina dinoM himapAta hote samara java koI strI kueM se jala bhara kara AtI hai, to barpha se usake vAla isa prakAra zveta ho jAte hai ki usake bacce bhI use nahIM pahicAnate / logoM kI kAnti malina ho rahI hai, aura vRkSa naSTa ho rahe haiN| zItakAlIna vAya striyoM ke kezoM mora vastroM ko prastavyasta kara rahA hai| isa samaya cAroM bhora se banda makAna meM zayyA meM sthita dhanI puruSoM ko to koI kaSTa nahIM hai, kintu vastra bhora prAvAsa ke prabhAva se grasta daridra vyakti ekamAtra bhagavannAmasmaraNa kA hI sahArA lekara rAtri vyatIta karatA hai| UMTa gAloM ko phulAkara taraha-taraha ke svara kara rahe haiM / vAnaroM kI caMcalatA samApta ho rahI hai / zItakAla ne kAmadeva kI ceSTAnoM ko niSphala kara diyA hai / rAtri dina kI apekSA bar3I ho gaI hai| cAroM ora zIta kA sAmrAjya hai, uSNatA kebala pRthvI ke kuMoM meM, vaTavRkSoM meM pora sundarI striyoM ke stanoM meM hI vidyamAna hai / parivAra ke saba sadasya aMgIThI kA sevana kara rahe haiN| sambhavataH sUrya bhI zIta se vyAkula hokara x x x baldI sokara dera meM uThatA hai, isalie dina choTe ho jAte haiN| yA yaha hemanta Rtu sUrya se yuddha karake usakI uSNa kiraNoM ko striyoM ke stanoM meM pahu~cA rahI hai| vakSoM ke patte gira rahe haiM, jala kI dhArA kA ullekha bhI hRdaya ko kampita kara rahA hai| manuSya sadeva agni ke sAmane hI baiThane kA vicAra karate haiN| pakSiyoM kA saMcAra ruka gayA hai / puruSa apanI strI ke prabara vAra-vAra cUmane kI icchA karatA hai| zItakAla ke kAraNa navavivAhitA strI apane pati se arddharAtri ke samaya upekSA nahIM rakha paatii| yaha zItakAla tuSAra ke dvArA saba ko pIr3ita kara rahA hai / zIta se rakSA ke lie hI mAnoM janoM ne bhI varpha rUpa vastra dhAraNa kara liyA hai| kanda kI zveta kaliyAM zIta se bhayabhIta tArAgaNoM ke samAna pratIta hotI haiN| zItakAla ke kAraNa 1. bIrodaya, 21 // 1.20

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya 218 manuSyoM ke dAMta baja rahe haiN| loga sAmane pragni aura pITha meM sUrya kA sevana sAthasAtha karane kI icchA karate haiM / zItakAla ke kAraNa, hiraNa hAthI, siMha ityAdi jIva bhI apanI ceSTAmroM meM pravRtta nahIM ho pA rahe haiM / " - eka pradhyayana kavivara jJAnasAgara kI kRtiyoM ke RtuvarNana ke parizIlana se hameM unake prakRti premI - kavi hone kA vAstavika jJAna ho jAtA hai / zarad Rtu aura vasanta Rtu ke vana meM jahA~ hama prakRti ko sukumAratA pAte haiM, vahA~ grISma Rtu meM prakRti kI bhayaMkaratA kA bhI darzana hotA hai / vaise to zaratkAlIna AkAza kI prAbhA hI aisI nirAlI hotI hai ki anAyAsa hI darzaka ko vaha prapanI ora khIMca letI hai, kintu mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara jI ne navavivAhitA strI ke rUpaka dvArA zaratkAla kA jo utprekSAparaka citra khIMcA hai, vaha bhI sahRdaya pAThakoM ke lie nayanAbhirAma bana gayA hai / kavi kA grISma-varNana bhI yAyAtathya se paripUrNa hai| sAtha hI utprekSAtroM se susajjita hone ke kAraNa, bhayaMkara hote hue bhI sudhI janoM ko prAnandita karake use sahasrarazmi sUrya ke pracaNDa pratApa se avagata karAne meM bhI samartha hai / kAla-varNana 1 yaha saMsAra parivartanazIla hai / yahA~ vidyamAna padArthoM kI eka sI dazA nahIM rahatI / manuSya sukha, sukhAtizaya, sukha-duHkha kA sammizraNa, duHkha ityAdi ko samayasamaya para prApta karatA hai| isI prakAra prakRti kA svarUpa bhI parivartanazIla hai, kabhI prakRti-naTI ke nIlAmbara meM sUryodaya hotA hai, kabhI candrodaya / pratidina prakRti prabhAta, divasa, sandhyA aura rAtri ina cAra avasthAoM se hokara gujaratI hai / prakRti premI zrIjJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM meM prakRti ko ina cAroM hI dazAoM kA varNana kathA prasaMga ke anusAra kiyA hai / sarvaprathama prAzA kA saMcaraNa karane vAle prabhAta kA varNana prApake samakSa prastuta hai : prabhAta-varNana - zrIjJAnasAgara ne apanI dayodaya, sudarzanodaya maura jayodaya nAmaka tIna kRtiyoM meM prabhAtavarNana kiyA hai / kyodaya meM yaha prasaGga usa samaya milatA hai, jaba rAtri meM guNapAla ke kahane se eka cANDAla somadatta ko mArane ke lie eka nadI ke tIra para le bhAtA hai, para dayA utpanna ho jAne ke kAraNa use vahIM chor3akara calA * jAtA hai / jaba rAtri bIta jAtI hai to guNapAla ke isa nRzaMsa kArya kI sUcanA sAre saMsAra ko dene ke lie hI mAnoM murge zabda karane lagate haiN| rAtri kI samApti para nakSatra vilIna ho gae haiM; kamalinI vikasita ho gaI hai; manuSya loga niraparAdha choTe-choTe bAlakoM ko mArane ke vyApAra meM pravRtta hai, isIlie bhagavAn sUrya mAnoM 1. bIrodaya 6 / 18-45

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana - kauzala 216 krodha se lAla hokara sahamA prakaTa ho gaye haiM / manuSyoM dvArA kiye jAte hue isa prathama kArya ko dekha pAne meM prasamartha hokara hI mAnoM kumudavatI ne apane netra vanda kara liye haiM / jisa prakAra kAMgresa kA udaya hone para bhAratavarSa se aMgrejI rAjya kA avasAna ho gayA, usI prakAra sUrya ke udaya hone para pRthvI se prandhakAra bhI vilIna ho gayA hai| prAtaHkAlIna pakSigaNoM ke kalarava ke sambandha meM kavi kI yaha sundara udbhAvanA draSTavya hai : "tejobhartustamohartuH prabhAvamabhikAMkSiNaH / virudAvalImapyUcuracAraNA iva pakSiNaH / / " ( dayodaya, 318) arthAt jisa prakAra zatrunoM kA nAza karane vAle rAjA kI stuti cAraNa ityAdi gAte haiM, usI prakAra andhakAra kA vinAza karane vAle sUrya rUpa rAjA kI ye pakSigaNa stuti karane lage / puruSa loga apanI striyoM ke komala bhujabandhana se nikalakara yatheccha rUpa se idhara-udhara vaise hI jAne lage, jaise kamalanAla se nikalakara bhramara idhara-udhara ghUmane lagate haiM / sudarzanodaya meM kavi ne prabhAta-varNana jinendradeva kI prAtaHkAlIna upAsanA ke samaya gAe jAte hue bhajanoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai : are ! dekho yaha prabhAtavelA upasthita ho gaI hai, janmamaraNarUpa sAMsArika kaSTa ko dUra karane vAle jinendradeva rUpI bhAskara ke udaya se pApapUrNa rAtri, zubhaceSTAvalI isa bhAratabhUmi se na jAne kidhara ko calI gaI hai / zubhaprakAza vAle candramA ke asta ho jAne para prakAza meM tAre nahIM dikhAI de rahe haiM / prabhAta - samaya meM prakAza meM pakSigaNa idhara-udhara ghUma rahe hai / brAhmaNa loga snAnAdika dainika kriyAoM se nivRtta hokara devapUjana ke lie kamaloM ko tor3a rahe hai / isa prabhAtakAla meM gulAvAdi puSpoM ke Upara maMDarAte hue bhramaroM kI malina kAnti dRSTigocara ho rahI hai / prata: isa belA meM, bhUmaNDala meM prajA kI zAnti ke lie bhagavAn jinadeva ke caraNoM kI vandanA karanI caahie| jayodaya meM zrIjJAnasAgara ne java jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha gaGgA nadI taTa para Thaharate haiM, vahA~ ke, prabhAta kA bar3e vistAra ke sAtha, sundara bhaura svAbhAvika varNana kiyA hai| prApake sAmane sthAlIpulAkanyAya se usa varNana se sambandhita kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM :: 1. dayodaya, 3 zloka 7 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga se zloka 10 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga taka / 2. sudarzavodaya, 5 / prathama gIta /

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220 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana (ka) 'yAtyekato'pi tu kutopi virajya rAja nyAtmAdhipe paradizAM pratiyAti rAjan / satpuSpatalpamasako rajanI dalitvA roSAraNA vikRtavAgbharatazchalitvA / / (jayodaya, 1832) prabhAtakAla meM eka prora to rAgarahita candramA prasthAna kara rahA hai, paura dUsarI mora sUrya bhI pUrvadizA meM pahuMca rahA hai| isa samaya rAtri vaMcitA hone ke kAraNa puSpazayyA ko bidalita kara rahI hai aura krodha se lAla ho rahI hai| (ba) "nisnehajIvanatayApi tu dIpakasya saMzocyatAmupagatAsmi dazA prazasya / saMghUya'mAnazirasaH palitaprabhasya yadvanmanuSyavapuSI jarasAnvitasya / / ' (jayodaya, 18 // 37) prAtaHkAla ke samaya, tela se rahita hone se hilatI huI zikhA vAlA, maNika kAnti vAlA, sundara dIpaka zocanIya-dazA ko prApta ho gayA hai, jaise prema se rahita, jIvana ke thor3A pravaziSTa rahane se, hilate hue zira vAlA, zveta vAloM vAlA bhora vRddhAvasthA se pIr3ita manuSya zoka kA viSaya ho jAtA hai| (ga) 'narmalyameti kila dhotamivAmbarantu snAtA ivAtra sakalA harito bhavantu / prAgbhUbhatAstilakavadravirAvibhAti candrastu coravadudAsa itaH prayAti // ' (jayodaya, 18163) isa samaya dhule vastra ke samAna mAkAza svaccha ho gayA hai| dizAeM aisI laga rahI haiM, mAnoM unhoMne snAna kiyA ho / pUrvadizArUpI rAjA ke tilaka ke samAna sUrya suzobhita hai, aura candramA cora ke samAna udAsa hokara mAkAza se prasthAna kara (jayAdA divasa-varNana divasa-varNana kevala vIrodaya meM milatA hai, vaha bhI atyanta saMkSipta paura kevala do sthaloM pr| grISma-varNana ke prasaGga meM kavi ne dinoM kI dIrghatA para utprekSA kI hai : "prayAtyarAtizca ravihimasya darISu viSamya himAlayasya / no cetkSaNakSINavicAravanti vinAni dIrSANi kuto bhvnti||" (vorokya, 12 / 20)

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala 221 pratIta hotA hai ki grISma Rtu meM hima kA zatru hokara bhI sUrya himAlaya kI guphAoM meM vizrAma karake mAge bar3hatA hai, yadi aisA nahIM hai to ye dina bar3e kyoM ho isI prakAra zItakAla meM dinoM ke choTe hone ke sambandha meM bhI kavi kI udabhAvanA hai ki : "zyAmAsti zItAkuliteti matvA protyAmvaraM vAsara eSa datvA / kilAdhikaM saMkucitaH strayantu tasya punastiSThati kotitantu // " (viirody-6|29) aisA lagatA hai mAnoM isa zItakAla meM yaha rAtri zIta se vyAkula hai, aisA samajhakara divasa premapUrvaka use adhika samaya de detA hai| aura svayaM saMkucita hokara baiTha jAtA hai| sandhyA -varNana zrIjJAnasAgara ne apanI dayodaya evaM jayodaya nAmaka do kRtiyoM meM do sthaloM para sandhyA-sundarI kA varNana kiyA hai / dayodaya-campU meM sandhyA kA varNana kavi ne vahAM para kiyA hai jahAM ghaNTA nAmaka dhIvarI apane pati magasena kI pratIkSA kara rahI sandhyA-samaya ho rahA hai| bhagavAn sUrya sampUrNa dina vinA ruke ghUmane ke kAraNa thaka gae haiM, isalie prastAcala ke uccazRGga kA sahArA lekara vizrAma karanA cAhate haiM / bahuta dera ke bAda divasa kI samApti para samIpa pAte hue sUrya ko svIkAra karane ke lie mAnoM pratyadhika prasannatA kA anubhava karatI huI, khile hue aravindoM ke samUha se nikale hue raGga se raGgI huI sAr3I ko dhAraNa karatI huI yaha pazcima vizA apane posaloM ko khojane meM tatpara pakSiyoM ke dvArA kie jAte hue kalarava ke bahAne sUrya ke svAgata meM gIta gAtI huI sI suzobhita ho rahI hai| isa kAla meM ullU pakSI apane mana meM cora kI taraha prasannatA kA anubhava kara rahA hai / cakavI cakave se viyukta ho rahI hai| kamalinI apane andara bhramara ko banda karake kAmI puruSa ko apane prAzraya meM zaraNa dene vAlI vezyA ke samAna pAcaraNa kara rahI hai| mUrkha prANI ke mana ko jisa prakAra pApa ghera letA hai, usI prakAra matyakAra sAre saMsAra para prAkramaNa kara rahA hai| gAyeM vana se loTakara pazuzAlA meM mA cukI hai| jayodaya nAmaka mahAkAvya meM gaGgA-nadI ke taTa para vana-vihAra ke prasaGga meM kavi ne sandhyA kA pratyanta vistRta varNana kiyA hai, jisakA saMkSipta rUpa isa prakAra hai : 1 dayodayacampU, 2 zloka 6 aura 7 evaM unake pUrva evaM bAda ke gadyabhAga /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana priya se milana kI utsuka, striyoM ke kaTAkSarUpI bAraNoM se pITA gayA yaha lAla sUrya mAnoM kamaloM ke samIpa pahuMca gayA hai / mahAn loga sukha aura duHkha meM eka sA bhAva dhAraNa karate haiM, isI prakAra sUrya bhI udaya hote samaya aura masta hote samaya raktavarNa vAlA hI hotA hai / sUrya ke prasta hone para usake sAtha- sAtha divasa bhI pravasAna ko prApta ho rahA hai, jo nirmala svabhAva vAle loga hote haiM, ve hI kRtajJatA ko dhAraNa karate haiM / isa samaya pazcima dizA kI kAnti mUMge kI zobhA ko haraNa karane vAlI hai bhramara kamaloM ke andara hI banda ho gaye haiM / sUrya prastAcala ko jA rahA hai, candramA kA udaya ho rahA hai, ina donoM ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai, mAnoM kAmadeva apane donoM netroM ko lAla karake, pathika janoM para . roSa prakaTa kara rahA hai / X X X dina kI samApti para sUrya kA prabhAva byAkula ho gayA hai auaura candramA bhI nahIM dikhAI de rahA hai, isalie manuSyoM ke netra ho rahe haiM / pakSiraNa apane- apane ghosaloM kA Azraya le rahe haiM / / raktavarNa sUrya ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai, mAnoM dinabhara madirA kA pAna karane se usakA zarIra lAla ho gayA hai, aura kisI madyapa kI bhA~ti unmatta hokara vaha aba giranA hI cAhatA hai / X X isa samaya sUrya pazcimI samudra meM jA rahA hai, unmatta bhramara kamaloM ke udaroM meM jA rahe haiN| pakSI apane ghosaloM meM jA rahe hai, aura kAmadeva ghore calane vAlI striyoM kI ora jA rahA hai / 1 X 222 rAtri-varNana - kavivara jJAnasAgara kI racanAoM meM rAtrivarNana do bAra dayodayacampU meM, eka bAra sudarzanodaya meM zrIra do bAra jayodaya meM, isa prakAra se pAMca bAra kiyA gayA hai / dayodaya - campU meM rAtri varNana se sambandhita sarvaprathama vaha sthala Apake samakSa prastuta hai jaba ghaNTA dhIvarI ne apane pati mRgasena ko krodha meM zrAkara ghara se bAhara nikAla diyA thA : jisa prakAra durvyasana karane vAle logoM ke mana meM andhakAra rahatA hai, usI prakAra yaha rAtri bhI andhakAra se paripUrNa hai / cArvAka darzana ke paMcamahAbhUtoM ke samAna rAtri meM bhUta-pizAca kriyAzIla haiM / jisa prakAra ghane jaMgala meM jana-saMcAra nahIM hotA usI prakAra rAtri meM bhI jana-saMcAra ruka gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM mAnya sAMsyAcArya, ulUka tanaya kI dhvani ke samAna, ullU kI dhvani sunAI de rahI hai / bauddhamatAvalambiyoM kI pramAraNavArtA ke samAna, rAtri meM bhI kararaNIya prora akaraNIya kA vicAra nahIM ho pAtA / viniyoga-prathA ke samAna DAkudmoM ko utsAhita karane vAlI rAtri kA rUpa bhayaMkara pizAcinI ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra pizAcinI prapane gale meM haDDiyoM kI mAlA ko dhAraNa karatI hai, usI prakAra yaha rAtri tAroM ko 1. jayodaya, 14 / 1-24

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana - kauzala 223 dhAraNa kara rahI hai / pizAcinI ke hAtha meM khappara hotA hai, rAtri meM prAkAza: . meM candramA hai | bhUkhI pizAcinI jaise bhikSA mAMgane jAtI hai, usI prakAra yaha rAtri sAre saMsAra meM vyApta ho gaI hai / ' rAtri varNana kA dUsarA prasaGga taba milatA hai, jaba guraNapAla kI prAjJA se cANDAla somadatta ko mArane kA prAzvAsana detA hai / para isa sthala para kavi ne rAtri kA ullekha mAtra hI kiyA hai / 2 sudarzanodaya meM rAtri varNana vahA~ milatA hai, jahA~ zrabhayamatI rAnI kI paNDitAdAsI rAnI kI AjJA se sudarzana ko zmazAna meM se le Ane ke lie jAtI hai kalikAlarUpiNI, andhakAraprasAriNI rAtri kA bhAgamana huA, jisameM jJAnI maharSi rUpI sUrya kA astitva samApta ho gayA / kamala murajhA gae haiM aura una para bhauMre bhI nahIM maMDarA rahe haiN| pakSigaNa saMcaraNa - viharaNa banda karake vRkSoM meM niSkriya hokara baiThe haiN| corI, DakaitI, bhaya ityAdi meM vRddhi ho rahI hai| prandhakAra ke kAraNa pathika ko mArga dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahA hai / andhakAra ke vinAzaka candramA kA gagana - maNDala meM prAdurbhAva ho gayA hai / kRSNapakSa kI aisI, kaliyuga ke samAna bhayaMkara andhakAra se paripUrNa usa rAtri meM vaha paNDitA dAsI zmazAna bhUmi meM gaI / jayodaya meM jisa samaya jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha gaGgA nadI ke taTa para rukate haiM, usa samaya se sambandhita rAtri kA varNana kavi ne pratyadhika vistAra se kiyA hai / kavi ke isa rAtri-vana ke kucha manohArI uddharaNa prastuta haiM (a) 'mitraM samudrasya ca pUrvazailazRGga tu somaH kalazAyate'lam / sihIsutasyApyaradeva pantu sudhAMzubimbasya padAni santu / ' (jayodaya, 15 / 15) ( arthAt samudra kA mitra candramA, udayAcala kI coTI ke Upara sthita kalaza ke samAna laga rahA hai / usa candramA kA bimba aisA lagatA hai, mAnoM rAhu ke dAMtoM kA ghAva ho / ) (ba) "rAmo'pi rAjA hRtavAnidAnIM tArAvarAjIvanakRdvidhAnI / -nizAcaraM santamasaM vizAla: salakSmaNo'sau pharavAlajAlaH // ' (jayodaya, 15/73) (isa samaya tArA ke pati bAli ke jIvana kA vidhAna karane vAle, lakSmaNa hita rAma rUpI, tArAgaNoM kA vidhAna karane vAle, kalaMka se suzobhita candramA ne, 1. dayodaya, 2 zloka 31 se pahale kA gadyabhAga evaM zloka 31 2. dayodaya, 3 zloka 7 ke bAda dUsarA gadyabhAga / 3. sudarzanodaya, 7 gIta saM0 3

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224 mahAkadi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana vizAla talavAra evaM bANoM ke samUha rUpI kiraNoM ke vizAla samUha se rAkSasa rUpa andhakAra ko naSTa kara diyA / ) (sa) "tamomayaM kezacayaM nihatya marIcibhizcAMgulibhistu samyak / vimudritAmbhoruhane travindumukhaM rajanyAH paricumbatInduH / / ' (jayodaya, 1578). (arthAt apanI kiraNoM rUpI aMguliyoM se, andhakAra rUpa kezasamUha ko pakarakara, candramA banda kamaloM rUpo netroM se nikale hue jalavindu vAlI rAtri ke mukha kA macchI prakAra se cumbana kara rahA hai / ) (da) 'kecicchazaM keciditaH kalaMka vadantu indoranimittamaGkam / pipIlikAnAntu sudhAkazimba kilAvalI cumbati candrabimbam // ' (ayodaya, 1082) (maryAta kucha loga vinA kisI kAraNa candramA ke madhya ke dhabbe ko kharagoza aura kucha loga kalaGka kaheM, kintu mIThI phalI jaise sudhA (mAdhurya) ke utpatti sthAna candramA ko cITiyAM cUma (cATa) rahI haiN|) jayodaya meM eka anya sthala para bhI rAtri-varNana kA ullekha milatA hai|' kavi-kRta, prakRti kI ina cAroM dizAoM kA varNana svabhAvokti se paripUrNa hai| kavi ne prabhAta-varNana, divama-varNana, sandhyA varNana aura rAtri-varNana-sabhI meM zliSTopamA, utprekSA, rUpaka prAdi manorama alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| usakA prabhAta-varNana na kevala prAkRtika suSamA kA hI unmolana karatA hai, valki bhAratavarSa kI dazA kA bhI bodha karA detA hai, zubhakAryoM kI pora bhI prerita karatA hai| isI prakAra kavi kA rAtri-varNana yadi kahIM zyotpAdaka hai, to dUsarI jagaha vaha ramaNIka bhI hai / kyoMki jyotsnA se samalaMkRta rAtri kitanI prAhlAdaka ho jAtI hai, isakA bhI kavi ne atyanta sandara varNana kiyA hai| isa prakAra uparya kta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki hamAre pAlocya mahAkavi zAnasAgara ne prakRti-vaibhava kA citra khIcane meM adbhuta kuzalatA kA paricaya diyA hai| prAyaH prakRti ke pratyeka bhAga kA varNana unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM kara diyA hai, vo unake vAstavika prakRti-prema kA paricAyaka hai| prAkRtika-padArthoM ke bAda pAte haiM-vaikRtika padArtha / jina prAkRtika padArthoM ko manuSya badala detA hai, prathavA jina padArthoM ke nirmANa meM manuSya kA sahayoga hotA hai, unheM vaikRtika-padArtha kahA jAtA hai / udAharaNa-svarUpa, basAyA gayA nagara, banAyA gayA upavana, mandira mAdi-prAdi / pratyeka gadya-kavi yA padyakavi apane kAvya meM eka kathAnaka ko lekara calatA hai| vaha kayA kisa samaya kI hai, kaise samaya kI hai ? yaha to prakRti ke adhIna hai, 1. ayodaya, 1744,7 prAdi /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala 225 isalie rAtri, Rtu prAdi kA varNana prakRti-varNana ke antargata pAtA hai / aba dUsarA prazna hai ki vaha viziSTa kathA, jise koI kavi apane kAvya kA viSaya banAtA hai, kaise sthAna pora kisa sthAna meM ghaTita hotI hai? isI ke uttara meM prastuta hai vastuvarNana-manuSya ko hastakalA ke kauzala kA paricaya / . kisI kAmya ko hara paura svAbhAvika banAne ke lie prakRti-varNana jitanA mAvazyaka tatva hai, utanA hI pAvazyaka tattva vastu-varNana bhI hai| vastu-varNana se hI pAThaka ko nAyaka ityAdi pAtroM ke janmasthAna, rahana-sahana sAmAjika-sthiti, bhASika-sthiti prAdi kA jJAna hotA hai| sAtha hI pAThaka yaha bhI jAna letA hai ki kavi kA aitihAsika evaM bhaugolika jJAna sA hai aura una sthaloM kI sUkSmAtisUkSma vizeSatAmoM se paricita karAne meM kavi kuzala hai athavA nahIM? / vastu-varNana, saMskRta sAhitya ho yA anya koI sAhitya ho-kAvya kA eka paramparAgata tattva hai / udAharaNasvarUpa-naSaSakAra zrIharSa, nalacampUkAra zrotrivikramabhaTTa, kAdambarIkAra bANabhaTTa, tilakamaJjarIkAra dhanapAla ityAdi me nagaroM bhora mandiroM kA itanA sundara varNana kiyA hai ki pAThaka una-una viziSTa-sthaloM ke saundarya para mohita hokara, mukhya kathA-prasaGga ko bhUlakara kavi kI sUjhabUjha para vAha-vAha karane lagatA hai| yadyapi prAja ke sAhitya meM vastu-varNana kA vaha mahattva nahIM raha gayA hai, jo prAcIna samaya meM bA, phira bhI saMskRta-sAhityakAra por3A . bahuta vastu-varNana apane kAvyoM meM karatA hI hai| hamAre pAlojya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne bhI prAcIna kaviyoM dvArA calAI huI vastu-varNana kI paramparA ko apane kAvyoM meM apanAyA hai| unhoMne apane kAvyoM meM kathA-prasaGga se sambandhita sthaloM kA varNana karane meM apanI kuzalatA kA paricaya diyA hai / hama kisI mahAkavi se unakI tulanA karane meM soca nahIM kreNge| bhI jJAnasAgara dezakAla se utpanna viziSTa vAtAvaraNa ke prati mASTa pAThaka kI manovRtti ko bhI acchI taraha jAnate haiN| pAThakoM kI isI manovRtti kA pAvara karate huye unhoMne apane kAmyoM meM nagara, mandira, maNDapa, yAtrA pora yuddha kA pratIba sajIva citra khIMcA hai| yadi unakA nagara-varNana hameM vibhinna prakAra ke sAdhanoM se paripUrNa vaibhavapAlI bar3e-bar3e nagaroM kI bhora mAruSTa karatA hai to unakA prAmavarNana bhI prAmavAsiyoM ke saralatA se paripUrNa rahana-sahana kA paricaya karAtA hai| unakA mandira paura maNDapa-varNana pAThaka ko unakI vAstukalA-marmazatA se paricita karAtA hai| isI prakAra unake dvArA kiyA gayA yAtrA mora pura kA varNana bhI unakI sUkSma-raSTi kA paricAyaka hai| kavikRta-varNana ke anusAra hI aba pApake sAmane deza, nagara ityAdi kA varNana prastuta kiyA jaaegaa|

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226 mahAkavi jAmasAgara ke kAmba-eka adhyayana za-varNana mahAkavi kI racanAtroM meM cAra sthaloM meM deza-varNana vistAra se hai| sarvaprathama bhAratavarSa kA varNana prastuta haibhArata-varNana jambUdvIpa meM dakSiNa dizA kI ora samaddhizAlI bhAratavarSa kI sthiti hai| jisa prakAra eka acchA kheta varSA ke jala se sIMce jAne para aneka prakAra ke anAja ko utpanna karatA hai, vaise hI yaha bhAratavarSa zreSTha tIrthakara devoM ke prAgamana rUpa bala se siMcita hokara svarga aura mokSa nAmaka puNyaviziSTa dhAnya ko utpanna karane bAlA hai| bhAratavarSa ke uttarapUrva meM parvatarAja himAlaya hai aura pRSThabhAga meM samudra kI sthiti hai / aneka tIrthaGkaroM ne bhAratabhUmi meM janma liyA hai| isameM gaGgA pora sindhu jaisI nadiyA~ haiM / madhya meM vijayAcaM parvata sthita hai| isameM mAryAvarta prAdi paH khaNDa haiN|' videha-deza varNana bhAratavarSa ke pArSakhaNDa meM pratyanta sundara videha nAma vAlA deza hai, ko svargoSama hai| videha deza ke nagara aura sAmoM meM gaganacumbI svagika vaibhava se yukta prAsAda hai / videha deza ke nagaroM meM kamaloM se suzobhita mora jala se paripUrsa sarovara hai / svarga meM vidyamAna kalpapakSoM ke samAna, isa deza meM bhI logoM ko unake prabhISTa phala dene vAle vRkSa haiN| videza-deza kI susajjita-grAma-sampadA kA varNana kavi ke hI zabdoM meM dekhiye "pranalpapItAmbaradhAmarambA: pavitrapadmApsaraso'pyadamyAH / anekakalpadrumasamvidhAnA prAmA lasanti tridivopamAnAH // " (vIrodaya, 2010) - usa videha deza meM grAma aura nagaroM ke bAhara apanI zikhAoM se prAkAma ko vyApta karane vAle nabIma bhAgya ke kUTa aise zobhita hote haiM jaise pUrva pazcima dizA ko jAne vAle sUrya ke krIDA parvata hoN| usa deza kI pRthvA bhramaroM se guJjAyamAna gulAba ke phUloM se suzobhita hokara usa sundara netroM vAlI strI ke samAna mama rahI hai, jo apane saubhAgya ko abhivyakA karatI hai| anAja ke khetoM kI rakSA karane vAlI pAlikAmoM ke dvArA aise mota mAye jAte haiM ki una gItoM ko sunakara vahA~ dhAnya carane ke liye pAye hue mRga isa prakAra nizcala ho jAte haiM ki paSika unheM citralikhisa samajha letA hai| jisa prakAra paropakArI puruSa vinaya ko pArasa karate haiN| aura samIpa meM mAve hame logoM kA hita karate haiM; sApa jhe sanmArga kI dizA bhI dete haiM, usI prakAra videha-deza ke vRkSoM meM pakSiyoM kA nivAsa hailoM ke bhAra se ve vRkSa bhUka baye haiN| apane hare-bhare pattoM jI sampadA se logoM 1. vIrodaya, 2 / 5-8

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mahAkavi zAmasAgara kA varNana-kauzala 227 ko chAyA dekara unakA hita-sampAdana karate huye suzobhita ho rahe haiM / usa deza kI nadiyA~ svaccha jala se paripUrNa haiN| unameM sthAna-sthAna para pRthvI ke netroM ke samAna nIlakamala zobhAyamAna haiM / X X X X usa deza ke nagaroM ke bAjAroM maiM, dukAnoM ke bAhara, ratnoM ke bar3e-bar3e Dhera bikane ke lie lage rahate haiN| aisA lagatA hai, mAnoM ve dhApatti kI ha~sI ur3Ane vAle lakSmI ke krIr3A parvata hoN| usa deza kI gAyeM amRtavarSI candramA kI jyotsnA ke samAna dUdha dene vAlI, kIrti ke samAna nirantara vRddhi ko prApta karane vAlI puNyoM ko paMkti ke samAna hI apane naisargika saundarya ke kAraNa darzanIya haiM / " 1 mAlava-deza varNana prAryAvarta khaNDa meM puruSArtha-catuSTaya se sampanna mAlava nAma kA suvikhyAta deza hai jo ki pRthvI para malakAra ke samAna susthita hai| yahA~ SaD Rtue~ yathA samaya upasthita hotI haiN| yaha deza svargopama hai / isameM kalpavRkSoM ke samAna maneka vRkSa haiM / svargaM manohara prapsarAnoM se yukta hai; aura yaha deza svaccha jala bole sarovaroM se yukta hai / isa deza ke grAmoM meM bher3oM prora bakariyoM ke jhuNDa go-sampadA pratyadhika hai / ve upavana aura dhAnya se yukta hai| grAmoM meM kRSaka varga hI nivAsa karatA hai / " - dikhAI par3ate haiM / unameM mukhyatayA isa deza ke praGga-deza bana jambUdvIpa meM pRthvI kA lalATasvarUpa bharata nAmakA kSetra hai / isa kSetra meM prAryAvataM nAma kA khaNDa hai, jisameM sindhu prora gaGgA nAma kI nadiyA~ haiM / isI bharata kSetra meM buddhimAnoM dvArA prazaMsA prApta atyanta sundara bhaGga nAma kA deza hai / usa deza meM ganne ko utpatti adhika thI, isalie vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ko gur3a, khANDa, zakkara ityAdi madhura padArtha prAsAnI se prApta ho jAte the / usa deza meM lambIlambI zAkhAmroM vAle, pakSiyoM ke madhura kalarava se mukta phaladAra vRkSa the, aisA lagatA thA, mAnoM apanI lambI-lambI zAkhA rUpa bhujAnoM ke dvArA, pakSiyoM ke madhurakalarava ke bahAne se phaloM ko pradAna karane ke lie pathika janoM ko bAra-bAra bulA kara kalpavRkSoM ko parAjita karate haiN| bhaGga deza ke ina sundara vRkSoM kA varNana kavi kI hI zabdAvalI meM dekhiye "samucchalacchAkhatayA'tha vInAM kaladhvanInAM bhRzamadhvanInAm / phalapradAnAya samAhvayutaH zrIpAdavAH kalpataru jayantaH // " 1. dayodaya campU, 1 zloka 10 ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga / (sudarzanodaya, 1/17)

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228 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana usa deza kI sadA jala se bharI nadiyAM samudra kI mora jA rahI thiiN| vahAM svaccha jala se bhare huye aneka sarovara the| mAma, jAmuna, nAraGgI ityAdi phala bamoM se upalabdha ho jAte the / prataeva udAra hRdaya dhanikoM ko sadAvratazAlA aura pAka ityAdi kA prabandha karane kI koI prAvazyakatA nahIM thii| usa deza ke prAma, jala-sampadA, vanaspati-sampadA, zasya-sampadA se, svarga ke samAna vaibhava se paripUrNa the| vahAM ke nivAsiyoM kA jIvana-stara sarala thaa| kRSi aura pazupAlana unako prAjIvikA ke sAdhana the| usa deza meM durbhikSa ityAdi kI bAdhAyeM upasthita nahIM hotI thiiN| sabhI loga acchI nIti kA prAcaraNa karate the| sabhI loga kAntiyukta aura bhayarahita the| sabhI apane dhana kA yathAsamaya dAna karate rahate the| satsaGga meM sarvAgraNI the| isa prakAra vaha aGgadeza sabhI sukha ke sAdhanoM se sampanna thaa|' ____ ina cAra dezoM ke vistRta varNana ke atirikta kavi ne uSTradeza, kaliGgadeza, maisUradeza, pallavadeza, nirganadeza, karNATakadeza, maGgalAvatIdeza, puSkaladeza, ityAdi dezoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| magara vana. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI racanAmoM meM hameM kuNDanapura, camApurI, ujjayinI, cakrapura, stabakaguccha, hastinApura aura kAzI kA varNana milatA hai / sarvaprathama bIrogya ke caritanAyaka mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDanapura kA varNana prastuta haikunchanapura kavi kI racanAmoM meM hameM kuNDanapura kA citra do vAra dekhane ko milatA hai / prathama citra meM kuNDanapura ke manorama vaibhava kI jhAMkI isa prakAra hai pRthvI ke lalATa-svarUpa videha-deza meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNAnapura hai / kuNDanapura svargatulya hai| svarga ke hI samAna vahAM kisI prakAra kA 1. sudarzanodaya, 1 / 13-14 2. vIrodaya, 1329 1. vahI, 1532 4. vahI, 15 // 34 5. vahI, 1535 1. vahI, 1635 7. vahI, 22 / 3 8. vahI, 1226 9. vahI, 11 // 35

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala 229 kaSTa nahIM hotA / vahAM ke manuSya divya-lakSaNoM se yukta haiN| striyA~ devAGganAmoM samAna sundara ce grAmoM vAlI haiN| rAjA prapane teja se sUrya aura indra kI barAbarI karatA hai / kulIna logoM ke nivAsa se yukta, uccakulIna kanyAmoM se yukta, uttama koTi ke vizAla bhavanoM vAlA yaha nagara nAgapurI ke samAna hai| usa nagara ke cAroM mora zeSanAga ke samAna eka vizAla parakoTA hai| parakoTe ke bAhara zeSanAga ke dvArA chor3I gaI kaMculI ke bahAne se hI mAnoM samudra ke samAna gaharI khAI hai| usa nagara ke bAjAra anugama sampadA vAle, bar3I-bar3I sar3akoM vAle, vikraya ke yogya padArthoM aura bahumUlya vastroM vAle haiN| rAtri meM parakoTe ke zikharoM para avicala rUpa se camakate hue nakSatragaNa logoM ke hRdaya meM dIpAvalI kA bhrama utpanna karake unheM Anandita karate haiN| usa nagara kA pratibimba khAI ke bala meM par3a rahA hai, aisA lagatA hai mAnoM, vaha nagara apane saundarya kI parachAI ke bahAne nAgaloka ko jItanA cAhatA hai| usa nagara ke parakoTe meM nIlamaNiyA~ suzobhita haiM / khAI ke jala meM garajate huye meSoM kA pratibimba ummatta hAthiyoM kI zaGkA utpanna karatA hai / vahA~ ko khAI meM vikasita kamaloM ke sambandha meM kavi kI udbhAvanA dekhiye "tatratyanArIjanapUtapAdastulA ratenilasatprasAdaH / luThanti tApAdiva vAri yasyAH padmAni yasmAtkaThinA samasyA // " . (vIrodaya, 2031) prarthAt vahAM kI striyAM ratidevI se bhI adhika saundarya-saubhAgya ko dhAraNa karatI haiM, unake sundara evaM pavitra caraNoM se tulanA na kara pAne ke kAraNa ho mAnoM santapta kamala khAI ke jala meM loTa rahe haiN| cUne se lIpe huye prAsAdoM vAle isa nagara kA parakoTA apane zikharoM ke agrabhAga meM sthita ratnoM se nikalatI huI prabhApaMkti ko dhAraNa karatA humA svarga ke bhI prAsAdoM kI haMsI ur3A rahA hai / usa nagara meM suvarNa-kalazoM se yukta zikhara vAle aneka jinAlaya haiM jinameM jinamudrA se aMkita dhvajAyeM phaharA rahI haiN| usa nagara ke manuSya denyabhAva se rahita evaM gAmbhIrya ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM / vahA~ ko striyA~ atyanta sundara aura nirmala caritra vAlI haiN| vahA~ ke logoM kA dAmpatya jIvana sukhapUrvaka vyatIta hotA hai| usa samaya kuNDanapura ke nivAsI dharmasammata bhoga meM pravRtta hote the| unakA dharma sthAyI-mitratA ko utpanna karane vAlA hotA thaa| vahAM ke logoM meM nindA, moha, chidrAnveSaNa, pArasparika virodha, roga, dAridrya, pApa ityAdi doSoM kA prabhAva paa| unameM denyAbhAva, sneha ityAdi zreSTha guNa the| usa nagara ke saundarya ko dekhakara devatAmoM kI prA~kheM khulI kI khunI hI raha gii| prAsAdoM ke zikharoM ke paprabhAga para baiThI huI usa nagarI kI striyoM ke niSkalaGka mukhoM ko dekhakara kalaMkI

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21. mahAkavi jAnasAgara kAmpa-eka madhyayana panamA mAnoM lajjA kA anubhava karatA hai| usa nagara meM kavizreSThoM kI zreSTha pANI ke samAna prapanI ceSTAnoM se logoM ko lubhAne vAlI vArAGganAe thiiN| bhavanoM meM bar3I huI nIlamaNiyoM kI kAnti se utpanna rAtri kI kalpanA karane vAlI becArI cakavI divasa meM bhI paka ke viyoga meM santApa kA anubhava karatI hai / sa namara ke bhavanoM meM lagI huI candrakAnta maNiyAM candrodaya hone se jaba dravita hotI haiM, to aisA lagatA hai. mAnoM vahA~ kI striyoM ke mukha kI zobhA ko curAne pAlA candramA prAsAda meM bar3e huye ratnoM vAsI dIvAroM para par3ate huye pratibimba ke bahAne se mAnoM kArAgAra meM banda hokara candrakAntamaNiyoM ke drava ke bahAne se rotA hai / rAtri meM yaha nagara, nagara-samrAT kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / candramA isake mukUTa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| paura tArAgaNoM ke bahAne usa nagara-rUpa rAbA ke Upara puSpavRSTi hotI hai| madhyAhna samaya meM usa nagara ke gaganacumbI 'parakoTe ke Upara tapatA humA sUrya, usa parakoTe ke suvaNaM-kalaza kI kAnti ko dhAraNa karatA hai|' jisa samaya rAjA sikhApa bhagavAn ke janmAbhiSeka kA prAyojana karate haiM, usa samaya meM kuNDanapura kI zobhA kaisI thI ? isakA varNana bhI kavi ne kiyA hai usa samaya amRta, citrAGgAri devAGganAmoM se praura devoM se yukta svarga ke hI samAna, cUne se putane ke kAraNa ujjvala, nAnA prakAra ke citroM se pralaMkata. eka paMkti meM hI bane huye prAsAdoM se yukta vaha nagara suzobhita humaa| usa nagara unnata prAsAda, zreSTha svAbhimAnI rAjAmoM kI zomA ko dhAraNa kara rahe the| / maGgadeza meM campA nAma kI nagarI thii| usa naparI meM zreSTha moga nivAsa karate the| usake cAroM pora parakoTA thA; aura usake cAroM aura pratyanta gaharI baaiipii| usa nagara ke loga svarga-sampatti ke samAna vaibhava kA upabhoga karate vahA~ kI striyoM kA saundarya evaM svara divyAGganAmoM ke samAna thaa| cUne se pate huye usa nagarI ke bhavana svargika bhavanoM ke samAna the| usa nagarI meM prAyaH divya vibhUtiyoM kA janma hotA thaa| muktA, candrakAntamaNi ityAdi ratnoM vAle ratnAkara kI samatA karane vAlI usa nagarI meM puruSa roga se mukta, striyAM saba kalAmoM meM nipuNa bhora rAjA pAtrunoM para bama-prahAra karane vAlA thaa| usa nagarI meM zatrujaya jAmakarANA rAjya karatAnA mogoM ke kArya uttama-koTi ke hote the|+++ 'sapanoga sAmagrI ke prANu se pAnaparI svarga aura pAtAla kA tiraskAra karane 1. bIrodaya, 226-50

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bahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varsana-kauzala vAlI thii| usa nagarI ke jinamandira vizAla evaM meSasamUha ko cUmane vAle the| kavi ko vaha nagarI vizvalocana koSa jaisI.lagatI hai "vaNikapathaH zrIdharasannivezaH sa vizvato locananAma deshH| yasmiJjanaH saMskriyatAM ca tUNaM yo'bhUdanekArthatayA prapUrNaH // " (sudarzanodaya, 1 // 32) arthAt saMskRta bhASA kA samucita jJAna dene vAle, bhanekArtha zabdoM vAle, aneka adhyAya vAle, zrIdhara prAcArya racita vizvalocana koSa ke samAna usa nagarI kA bAjAra, nagarI ke vaibhava ko sUcita kara rahA thaa| loga usa namarI ke bAjAra kI zobhA ko ekaTaka dekha rahe the| vahA~ kretA ko pratyeka icchita vastu susama pii| vaha bAjAra kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta thaa| usa nagarI ke loga mAMsabhakSaNa, madyapAna, nindA, paraspara-virodha, kaTilatA, chidrAnveSaNa; kaThoratA, vaJcakatA ityAdi doSoM se dUra the| isa puNyazAlinI nagarI meM bArahaveM tIrthaGkara zrIvAsupUjya svAmI ne zivapada prApta kiyA thaa| isalie isakA mahattva aura bhI adhika ho gayA thaa| isa nagarI kI bhatulita ucAna evaM bhavanasampadA ke kAraNa loga anAyAsa hI isakI pora mAruSTa ho jAte the| ujjayinI varNana mAlava deza meM sthita ujjayinI naparI kA palpa, kintu prabhAvotpAdaka varNana kavi ke hI zabdoM meM dekhiye "samastyujjayinI nAma nabarIha griibsii| yAtIva sva: purI betuM svasoSagamanakarSaH // narA yatra sumanasaH striyaH sarvAstilottamAH / rAjA svayaM gunAsIra pratApI khalu kathyate // " (yodaya campU, 1110-11) arthAt mAlava deza meM ujjayinI nAma kI vizAla nagarI hai, jisake capanacumbI prAsAdoM ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki mAnoM vaha nagarI svarga ko jItane vA rahI ho| svarga meM rahane vAle devatAnoM ke samAna jahA~ ke manuSya pacche mana vAle haiM / svarga meM vidyamAna tilottamAdi prapsarAmoM ke hI samAna jahA~ kI striyAM uttama tila se yukta haiM / svarga meM rAjya karane vAle indra mora sUrya ityAdi ke samAna hI jahA~ ke rAjA atyadhika pratApI haiN| sabakaguccha vasana mahAkagcha nAma kA rAjA apanI putrI priyaMbuSI ke vivAha ke lie prayatna zIla hotA humA stabakaguccha nagara ko dekhakara usake saundarya se pratyadhika prabhAvita 1. sudarzanodaya, 1 / 24-37

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232 mahAkavimAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana hotA hai / svarga se bhI adhika sundara stabakaguccha nagara kI sthiti samudra ke kinAre thI, usa nagara meM eka hajAra toraNadvAra the; pora bIsa lAkha yodA hara samaya sannada rahate the, jisase koI bhI anapekSita vyakti vahAM praveza nahIM pA sakatA thaa|' cApura varNana ___ jambUdvIpa meM bharatakSetra meM svarga ko tiraskRta karane vAle sundara cakrapura kI avasthiti hai / usa nagara kA pratyeka nivAsI apanI udAratA se devatulya, buddhiyukta hone se pratyeka strI divyAGganAtulya, rAjA prajAvatsala bhora indratulya hai| vahAM ke loga dharmasammata bhoga karate haiM / dharma ke saphala prayoga, guNoM kI saMgati se hote haiM / vahA~ ziSTAcAra jAnane vAlI striyAM nivAsa karatI haiM / santati mAjJAkAriNI hotI hai| vahAM koI bhI madyapa, mAMsabhakSI aura Thaga nahIM hai| bhikSAvRtti, rAjakIyakarmacAriyoM dvArA zoSaNa, viyogajanya duHkha, niSphala prayatna ityAdi kA usa nagara meM prabhAva hai / vahAM ke strI puruSoM ko roga-zoka kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| bhogavilAsa meM rata hone para bhI, vahA~ para kisI kA bhAcaraNa nindanIya nahIM hai / vahA~ ke loga mAlasya se rahita haiM; aura apanI prAjIvikA ke lie kucha na kucha kArya avazya karate haiN| hastinApuravarNana hastinApura jayodaya ke carita nAyaka jayakumAra ko rAjadhAnI hai / jisa samaya jayakumAra sulocanA ke sAtha hastinApura meM pahu~cate haiM, usa samaya vaha gale meM laTakatI huI mAlA vAle hAthiyoM se yukta usa nagarI ko viraha ke kAraNa khule bAloM vAlI strI ke samAna dekhate haiN| vAyu ke vega se hilatI huI patAkAmoM vAlI vaha nagarI, prathama bAra dekhe gaye ke samAna jayakumAra kA svAgata kara rahI thii| vaha nagarI aneka rakSakoM se yukta thii| vahAM ke ghor3e dhUli se dhUsarita mora pasIne se yukta the / pavana ke vega se ur3I huI dhUli se dhUsarita ho jAne kI zaGkA se sArathI apane zreSTha ratha ke caMdove ko mArga meM hI sApha kara rahA thaa| x x x striyAM apane hRdaya meM jalatI huI kAmAgni ko, aAMcala se havA karatI huI bar3hA rahI thiiN| + + + jaise hI rAjA ne apanI senAsahita nagara meM praveza kiyA, vaise hI loga apane apane sthAnoM meM mAkara rAjA ko praNAma karane lge| donoM pora se ekatra hote hue nagara vAsiyoM kA samUha, calatI huI senA kA anukaraNa kara rahA thA / vaNigjana bAjAra meM rakhe huye maNiyoM ke Dhera ko upahAra ke rUpa meM de rahe the| jayakumAra kI vadhU sulocanA ke mukha-candra ko dekhane ke lie utsuka puravAsinI sundara striyoM se vaha nagarI candrazAlA ke samAna laga rahI thii| sulocanA 1. zrIsamudravattacaritra, 2019-20 2. vahI, 11-8

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-komala 233 ke sundara svarUpa ko dekhakara striyAM usI prakAra harSita ho gaI, jaise candramA ko dekhakara samudra meM jvAra-bhATA mAtA hai| striyAM gIta gA rahI thIM, turahI bana rahI thI / sampUrNa nagara rAjA ke mAGgana jaisA harSa se yukta ho gyaa| samudra meM saThatI-baiThatI laharoM ke samAna rAja-dvAra meM se logoM kI bhIr3a prA-jA rahI thii|+ + + / ' kAzIvarNana acche manuSyoM se yukta kAzI nAma kI sundara nagarI meM zrIdhara nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| sulocanA ke vivAha ke samaya usa nagarI meM eka sundara maNDapa banAyA gyaa| usake zikhara bhAga meM vAyu dvArA hilatI huI patAkAyeM logoM ko bulA rahI thiiN| usa nagara meM darpaNa ke samAna svaccha, muktAmoM se yukta, navIna vRkSoM ke kAraNa bagIce ke samAna, sile huye kamaloM se yukta, rAjahaMsoM se semya eka sundara sarovara thaa| vaha nagarI devAgamana ke kAraNa acchI dRSTi vAloM ke dvArA sevya thii| kisI bhI prakAra ke kalasa se rahita vidyA ke mAnanda se paripUrNa thI / pacchepacche gharoM vAlI vaha kAzI nagarI aisI thI, jaise amRta se pRthvI yukta ho gaI ho| svarga meM vidyamAna pramata ke samAna, nadiyoM ke pavitra jala se yukta, svarga meM vidyamAna citrA ityAdi devAGganAmoM ke samAna citrAdi se pralaMkRta, amata ke icchuka devoM ke dvArA, svarga ke samAna yaha nagarI pUjya thii| aneka raGgoM aura citroM vAlI vahAM kI dIvAreM, vezyAoM ke samAna logoM ke mana ko prasanna karane vAlI thiiN| vahA~ ke ghara unmatta hAthiyoM se suzobhita aura bar3e-bar3e daravAjoM vAle the| bar3e-bar3e vastra vAlI, bAdaloM ko chUne vAlI, vahAM kI dhvajA kI paMkti havA ke samAna dehadhAriyoM ke zrama kA haraNa karane vAlI thii| usa nagara kI galiyAM bikhare huye puSpoM se yukta praura sugandhita jala se sinita thIM, aisA lagatA thA mAnoM ve harSa bhora unnati se, sveda se yukta praura romAMcoM se suzobhita striyAM hoN| vaha kAzI nagarI pratyanta darzanIya mora kalyANakAriNI thii| jayakumAra aura sumocanA ke vivAha ke samaya vaha nagarI vidvAnoM se yukta aura zveta vastroM se alaMkRta thii| maNijaTita toraNa bAroM se yukta yaha nagarI indrapurI ko jItane ke lie prayatnazIla thii| + + + / 1. ayodaya, 21 // 65-86 2. vahI, 3130 3. vahI, 3172.65 4. vahI, 10-15

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana isake atirikta kavi kI kRtiyoM meM ayodhyA,' kauzAmbikA,2 palakApurI, siMhapura, dharaNItilaka,5 zrIpadmakhaNDa, podanapura, bhAskarapura, mathurA,' kanakapura,1deg puNDarIkiNI,11 chatrapurI,2 mithilA, kozalapurI,14 rAjagRha,15 pAvAnagara' ityAdi nagaroM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM jambUdvIpa, bhAratavarSa, mAlavadeza, ityAdi bhaugolika sthAnoM kA saMkSipta citraNa kiyA hai| phira bhI aise sthaloM para kavi apane ina varNanoM ko alaGkAroM se sajAnA nahIM bhUle haiM / bhAratavarSa kA varNana, usakI pArmikasaMskRti kA bhI jJAna karA detA hai / kavi ne videha aura aGgadeza kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / kavi ke videha varNana se yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki videha deza, jalasampadA, vanaspati-sampadA, ratnasampadA, zasya-sampadA evaM saundayaM-sampadA se sampanna paa| vahAM ke prAsAdoM kA varNana tatkAlIna vAstukalA ke prakarSa ko prakaTa karane meM samartha hai| zliSTopamA, rUpaka, utprekSA ityAdi se susajjita videha-deza kA varNana eka samRddha deza kI jhAMkI hamAre netroM ke sAmane prastuta kara detA hai| pradeza barmana, dhanI-dezoM meM upalabdha sukha-sAmagrI kI jhAMkI upasthita kara detA hai| isI prakAra kavi ne choTe-bar3e navaroM kA varNana cAhe palpakAya ho, pA vIrSazAya-atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka kiyA hai| kuNDanapura aura campApurI kA varNana, mAtra ke cakAcauSa utpanna karane vAle villI aura bambaI jaise nagaroM kI mora pAThaka - 1. jayodaya, 2012-5 2. dabodayacampU, 6 // zloka 5 ke pUrva kA gdybhaag| 3. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 21. 4. vahI, 3 // 18 5. vahI, 517 6. vahI, 1126 7. * vaho, 4 / 27 8. vahI, 5222 1. bIrodaya, 19215 10. vahI, 1026 11. vahI, 19132 12. vahI, 11 // 35 13. bahI, 146 14. vahI, 14110 15. vahI, 14 / 12 16. vahI, 21 // 2 //

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hAvihAnasAyara kA varNana kauzala 235 ko manAyAsa hI pAkaSTa kara letA hai| kAzI nagarI vaise hI bhArata kI pArmikaraSTi se mora vidyA kI dRSTi se mahatvazAlinI nagarI hai, phira kavi ne usa nagarI kA vivAha ke samaya kA jo citra upasthita kiyA hai, vaha bhI atyanta manorama prAma-varNana. kisI bhI deza ke grAma hI usa deza ko vAstavika samRddhi ke botaka hote hai| nagaroM kI camaka-damaka hameM vAstavikatA se dUra kara detI hai| isake viparIta grAmoM kA unmukta jIvana hameM prakRti ke sAmIpya meM le jAtA hai| zrIjJAnasAgara ne tattad dezoM se sambandhita grAmoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| sarvaprathama mAlaba deza ke prAmoM kA varNana prastuta hai : ___ mAlava deza ke grAmoM meM bher3a-bakarI, gAya-bhaiMsa ityAdi pazu adhika saMkhyA meM milate haiM / vahAM sthAna-sthAna para uthAna hai| una gAMvoM ke kheta zasya-sampadA se paripUrNa haiN| una gAMvoM meM mukhya rUpa se brAhmaNa mora kSatriya hI rahate haiN|' aba dekhie aGga-deza ke grAmoM kA varNana : mana deza ke grAma prapanI zobhA se svarga kI barAbarI karate haiN| jisa prakAra svarga meM manorama apsarAeM nivAsa karatI haiM, usI prakAra ina grAmoM meM nirmala jala se bhare hue sarovara haiM / svarga ke kalpavRkSoM ke samAna hI ina gAMvoM meM bhI nAnA pAti ke vRkSa haiN| jisa prakAra svagika sampadA kI saba loga prazaMsA karate haiM, usI prakAra ina gAMvoM meM bhI prazaMsanIya zasma-sampadA hai| yahAM ke nivAsiyoM kA jIvana stara sAdhAraNa hai / unako prAjIvikA kA pramukha sAdhana kRSi aura pazupAlana hai| yahA~ ke nivAsI bachar3e se atyadhika prema karate haiM, kyoMki ve hI unakI kRSi ke mUlAdhAra haiN| yahAM ke gvAle pratyadhika paropakArI haiN| unake pAsa pazudhana kI pracura mAtrA hai| ataH deza meM dUSa-dahI ucita mAtrA meM sulabha hai|' mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kRta yaha grAma-varNana yabapi matyalpa hai, aura malakavA se vizeSa sambandha bhI nahIM rakhatA, phira bhI zleSa aura upamA kA prabalamba lekara kavi ne bhAratavarSa ke grAmoM kI jo thor3I sI jhalaka dikhAI hai, vaha hRdayasparSI hai| mandira-varNana zrI jJAnasAgara kI kRtiyoM meM mandira varNana tIna sthaloM para milatA hai| unhoMne pIrodaya meM kuNDanapura ke mandiroM kA So sundara varNana prastuta kiyA hai, para isa prakAra hai : 1. bayovapacampU, 1 zloka 1.pUrva kA gava bhAga / 2. suparzanodaya, 1120-22

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana -kuNDanapura ke jina mandiroM meM nirantara ghaNTe bherI ityAdi kA nAda hotA rahatA hai unameM uttama dhUpa ke jalane se pracura mAtrA meM bAdaloM kA rUpa dhAraNa karane vAlA ghUmra-paTala utpanna hotA hai / ataH mandiroM ke zikhiroM ke agrabhAga meM sthita suvarNa kalazoM kI kAMti aisI lagatI thI, mAno ghUmrasamUha rUpa bAdaloM ke madhya meM bijalI camaka rahI ho / rAtri meM candramA kI kiraNeM jaba una mandiroM ke dvAroM ke UparI bhAga para par3atI haiM, taba aisA lagatA hai mAnoM una dvAroM ke zikharoM para jaTila candrakAntamaNiyoM ke bahate hue jala kA pipAsu candramA kA mRga vahA~ mAtA hai, kintu dvAroM meM citrita mRgAdhipoM ke bhaya se vApisa loTa jAtA hai / una mandiroM kI dhvajAnoM meM jinamudrA prati hai / vAyu ke vega se ve sabhI dhvajAeM phaharAtI rahatI haiM / una dhvajAnoM meM bajatI huI ghaNTiyA~ mAnoM puNyArjana ke lie jana-samudAya ko sambodhita kara rahI haiM / ' mandira - saundarya varNana meM kavi kI eka udbhAvanA usI kI zabdAvalI meM prastuta hai :"jinAlayasphaTika sodhadeze tArAvatAracchala to'pyazeSe / supamiH puSpagaraNasya tatrocitopahArA iva bhAnti rAtrI // " ( vIrodaya, 236 ) (prarthAt sphaTika - mariNa nirmita, zveta varNa vAlI una jina mandiroM kI chatoM para jaba rAtri meM nakSatra pratibimbita hote haiM to aisA pratIta hotA hai, mAnoM devagaNoM ne puSpavRSTi rUpa samucita upahAra die hoM / ) 236 - aba campApurI ke mandiroM kA pratyalpa, kintu svAbhAvika varNana prastuta haicampApurI ke jina mandira, parvatoM ke samAna hI uMce evaM vizAla the / mRgAdhipoM se pradhivAsita parvatoM ke samAna usa nagara ke mandiroM ke zikharoM para cAroM ora sihoM kI mUrtiyAM banI huI thiiN| prabhrapaTalacumbI parvata ke samAna, ve mandira bhI apanI UMcAI se meghasamUha kA sparza karate the / isa prakAra ve UMce jinAlaya pRthvI zrIra prAkAza ko nApane vAle mAnadaNDa se pratIta hote the / 2 jaba jayodaya ke nAyaka-nAyikA jayakumAra mora sulocanA tIrthayAtrA ke lie nikale, taba unhoMne himAlaya parvata para eka uttama devAlaya dekhaa| usa mandira meM bhagavAn kI prabhAvazAlinI mUrti thii| vaha mandira bhaktoM kI manovAMchA ko pUrA karane vAlA thA / vaha mandira atyadhika prabhAva se usI prakAra yukta thA, jisa prakAra sUrya kI kAnti se sumeru parvata / aise usa mahimAzAlI mandira meM nItiza jaya praviSTa hue 13 1. vIrodaya, 2 / 33-35 2. sudarzanodaya, 1 / 31 3. jayodaya, 24 / 56-60

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mahAkaSi jJAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala 237 isake atirikta kavivara kI racanAmoM meM nAgamandira', siDakUTa-jinamandira', pArzvanAthamandira' evaM sumeru parvata ke 16 jinamandiroM kA bhI sthAnampAna para ullekha hai| samavazaraNa maNapa jisa sabhAmaNDapa meM jinendradeva vIrabhagavAn ne janatA ko "sandeza diyA, usakA kavi ne bar3A hI sajIva varNana kiyA hai : usa samavazaraNa maNDapa kA nirmANa indra kI mAzA se panAdhipa kubera ne kiyA thaa| golAkAra vaha sabhAmaNDapa madhya meM eka yojana vistRta praura DhAI koza U~cA thaa| usa maNDapa meM, cAroM mora khAI se ghirA humA dhUlizAla nAmaka parakoTA thaa| phira usa maNDapa meM tIna mekhalAmoM aura cAra bAvar3iyoM se yukta cAra mAnastambha the / mAnastambhoM pora khAI ke samIpa meM mAlatI ityAdi puSpoM se paripUrNa eka puSpavATikA thii| isake bAda paJcaratnanirmita eka adbhuta parakoTA thaa| isa parakoTe ke bAda, dUsarA parakoTA rajata-nirmita thaa| ina parakoToM ke pazcAt haMsacakravAka ityAdi se cihnita 108 kI saMkhyA meM phaharAtI huI dhvajAmoM kI paMkti thii| isake pazcAt puSpadvIpa meM mAnuSottara parvata vidyamAna thaa| rajata-nirmita parakoTe meM praSTa-maGgala-dravya the| yaha cAra gopuradAroM se prakAzamAna thA / isake pazcAt vidyamAna nATyazAlAmoM meM divyAGganAyeM bhagavAn ke yaza kI ghoSaNA karatI huI nRtya kara rahI thiiN| isake bAda saptakama, prAmra, prazoka aura campaka jAti ke vRkSoM se yukta cAroM dizAmoM meM cAra vana the| isI koTa ke pratyeka dvAra para upasthita devagaNa bhagavAn kI sevA kara rahe the| usake pazcAt kalpavRkSoM se suzobhita vana paa| yahIM para cAroM dizAmoM meM siddhArtha nAma ke vRkSa the| tIsarA parakoTA sphaTikamaNi-nirmita thaa| isa parakoTe ke mAge jinendradeva ke cAroM pora bAraha koSTha the, binameM vidyamAna deva ityAdi bhagavAn kA upadeza sunate the / isI samavazaraNa maNDapa ke madhya meM sthita gandhakuTI meM siMhAsana ke Upara vIra bhagavAn zobhAyamAna the| bhagavAna ke pIche eka azokavakSa thaa| usa samaya usa maNDapa meM AkAza se puSpavRSTi ho rahI thI / vIra bhagavAn ke donoM mora yakSa caMbara ilA rahe the| usa sabhAmaNDapa meM vIra bhagavAn ke mukha kI kAnti karor3oM sUryoM ko tiraskRta kara rahI thii| bhagavAn ke Upara janma-jarA-mRtyu ityAdi vipattiyoM se bacAne vAle tIna chatra 1. dayodayacampU, 5 zloka 6 ke sada kA mdybhaag| 2. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 5227 3. dayodayacampU, 1 zloka 22 ke pUrva kA gababhAga / 4. (ka) bIrodaya, 7 / 20 (kha) jayodaya, 24.8

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238 mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana vidyamAna the / usa maNDapa meM devagaNoM ko gambhIra evaM prAnandotpAdaka dhvaniyAM sunAI de rahI thiiN| aise usa sundara maNDapa meM vIrabhagavAn ke mukha se kalyANakAriNI pANI niHsRta ho rahI thii| pAtrA-varNana zrIjJAnasAgara kI racanAmo meM tIna sthaloM para yAtrA kA varNana milatA hai, eka bAra vIrodaya meM bhora do bAra jayodaya meN| sarvaprathama vIrodaya se bhagavAn bora ke janmAbhiSeka ke avasara para devagaNoM kI kuNDanapura kI yAtrA kA varNana prastuta hai : bhagavAn ke janma kA zubha samAcAra sunakara devarAT indra ne prayANa kI sUcanA dene vAlI gar3agI piTavAI, bhaura sabhI ko ekatra karake vaha kuNDanapura kI bhora cala pr| una devavaraNoM ke hAthoM meM puSpoM ke pAtra the / mArga meM unhoMne pAkAzamalA ke darzana kie| bhaneka prakAra kI ceSTAmoM ko karate hue mora prAkRtika halyoM se mAnandita hote hue devapaNa kuNDanapura phuNce| unhoMne vIraprabhu kI janmabhUmi kI tIna bAra pradakSiNa kii| jayodaya meM yAtrA-varNana kA prathama prasaGga vahA~ para mAtA hai, vahAM caritanAyaka jayakumAra kI senA prakIti se yuddha karane ke lie cala par3atI hai : ___jayakumAra kI senA meM bhujabala para abhimAna karane vAle, mojasvI rAbA ekatra hue| ve sabhI vIrarasa se suzobhita ho rahe the| ve sabhI koSa kI lAlimA se yukta the / rAjA kI isa senA ke nagAre kI dhvani jaba prAkAza meM pahuMcI, taba parvata bhI kAMpa utthe| caJcala sundara cor3oM se yukta, zubhra vastra bAlI dhvajAmoM se yukta, unmatta hAthiyoM ke mada se yukta jayakumAra kI senA, laharoM evaM phena se yukta nadI ke samAna cala pdd'ii| usa samaya zatrunoM kI striyoM ke stana kajjala se yukta mAsumoM ke jala ko dhAraNa kara rahe the| jaba dizAmoM ke samUha dhUla se dhUsarita ho gae, taba usakI senA ke prAgamana ko zatrunoM ne jAna liyaa| rAjA jayakumAra kI senA se uThAI maI dhUli pala samUha ke rUpa meM svarNa dIpakoM para, kalara rUpa se candramA para par3atI huI x x x senA ke mada ko gA rahI thii| xxx apakumAra kI senA ke ghor3oM ke khuroM kI coTa se mUcchita hotI huI pRthvI ke Upara mAnoM senA meM vidyamAna dhvajAmoM ke vastroM se havA kI jA rahI thii| X X X 13 1. borodaya, 13 / 1-24 2. vahI, 7 / 6-12 3. jayodaya, 795-112

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA varNana - kauzala 232 ka jayodaya meM yAtrA varNana kA dUsarA sthala vahI hai, jahA~ jayakumAraH vivAha ke pazcAt apane nagara meM prAte haiM : praneka ghor3oM, hAthiyoM prora rathoM se yukta hokara jayakumAra, bharata cakravartI kI prAjJA se apane nagara kI prora cala par3ate haiN| unake sAtha calane vAle sabhI loga apanI nagarI meM pahu~cane se lie pratyanta vyAkula haiM, aba nagara samIpa ho rahA hai; aisA anubhava karake jayakumAra apanI gardana ko hilAkara prasannatA dhAraNa karake calate haiN| unakA ratha isa samaya unake manoratha ke samAna tIvragAmI thA / usake sAtha ratha meM unakI priyA sulocanA bhI thii| unakI senA meM prAkAza kI dhUli se dhUsarita karane vAle aneka uttama ghor3e the / una ghor3oM kI gati vAyu ke samAna mArga kA ullaGghana kara rahI thii| paidala calane vAloM ke samUha pRthvI para suzobhita ho rahe the / x x x candramA kI kAnti ke samAna nirmala vAyu mArga meM calatI huI mayUroM kI paMkti ke bahAne se usa rAjA kI kIrti ko suzobhita kara rahI thI / hAthiyoM kI paMkti mada jala bahA rahI thI / sArI pRthvI dhUli se ghUsarita ho rahI XXX upakArI rAjA ke mA jAne para vRkSoM ne mAnoM phala mora pale dhAraNa kara lie the| una vRkSoM ko dekhakara rAjA ko sukha prApta ho rahA thaa| XXX mArga meM striyoM rAjA ke Upara kaTAvA pheMka rahI thiiN| usa samaya vaha mArga vAyu ke bhaGkoroM se dhaura kohare se yukta thA / bhrAmravRkSa se mukta vaha mArga - suratakrIr3A ke prAzrama ke samAna laga rahA thaa| usa mArga meM kuzApAza thii| dhaura eka sundara tathA zreSTha sarovara bhI thaa| vaha sarovara kinAre ke vRkSoM tathA sundara jala se yukta thA, prataH kalpavRkSa aura prapsarAmroM se yukta svarga ke samAna thaa| usa mArga meM mana ko acchA lagane vAlA eka vana bhI thA jo mArgajanita zrama ko dUra kara rahA thA / zraJjanavRkSoM se yukta vana kI pRthvI, kulavadhU ke samAna suzobhita thI / vahA~ ke mayUra sulocanA ke kezapAzoM se samatA karane vAle the / zasya sampadA se yukta pRthvI rAjA ko prasanna kara rahI thI / gajamuktAnoM ko vahA~ ke bhIloM kA saradAra rAjA kI prasannatA ke lie lekara prAyA / bastI ke loga prAzcarya se rAjA ko dekha rahe the / dhanAja kI khetI karane vAle una kRSakoM kI udAratA ko dekhakara rAjA ko saGkoca kA anubhava ho rahA thaa| rAjA ne vahA~ kI gopabAlAnoM ke mukha meM, samudramaMthana se utpanna candramA kI kAnti ke darzana kie| jaba ve saba vastI ke nivAsI dUdha, dahI ityAdi lekara rAjA ke pAsa prAe, taba kuzala vArtA pU~chakara rAjA ne unheM vidA kara diyaa| isa prakAra mArga meM yAtrA karate hue rAjA apane nagara pahu~ce / ' 1. jayokya, 21 / 1:64

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24. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana yuddha-varNana apane nAyaka ko zUravIra siddha karane ke lie kavi apane kAvya meM yuddha-varNana karatA hai / nAyaka kI vijaya aura khalanAyaka ko parAjaya, yaha nAyakapradhAna kAmyoM kI mukhya vizeSatA hai, isa vizeSatA ko apanAne ke lie kavi apane kAvya meM sthAna sthAna para vIrarasa pora roTarasa kI niSpatti karatA hai / kavivara jJAnasAgara kI kRtiyA~ prAyaH zAntarasa pradhAna haiM, phira bhI jayakumAra paura sulocanA ke vivAha meM bAdhA ke rUpa meM kavi ne, jayakumAra pora makaMkIti ke purako prastuta kiyA hai, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : ___ markakIrti paura jayakumAra kI senAeM garjanA karatI huI paraspara gaMdha gii| senApati kI prAzA ko sunakara nagAr3e babA die gae / sainika apanI bhujAeM phaTakArane lage aura koSapUrvaka idhara-udhara calane lge| jayakumAra kI senA meM jayakumAra kA jayaghoSa gUMjane lgaa| prAkAza sainikoM ke kaThora pora bhayaGkara svaroM se trasta ho gyaa| bhayakara zastroM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa, bhaya utpanna karane bAlI rAjA kI senA ke dvArA uThAI gaI dhuli se sUrya bhI Taka gyaa| yura meM, hAtha meM dhAraNa kI gaI talavAroM kI camakatI huI paMkti ko, dhuli se dhUsarita prAkAza meM camakatI huI vijalI samajhakara mora nAcane lge| vIra eka dUsare para vega-pUrvaka prAkramaNa kara rahe the| hAthI meM par3A humA sainika hAthI vAle sainika ke sAtha, pAlapaMdala ke sAtha, rathAroho-rathArohI ke sAtha bhora mazvArohI-prazvArohI ke sAtha yuddha kara rahA thaa| sainikoM ke zastra paraspara TakarA rahe the| x + + eka meM khaDga se yuddha karane kI zakti pI, dUsare trizUladhArI aura gadAdhArI the / hASiyoM ke gaNDasthala madabala bahA rahe the| kisI paidala sainika ko jaMgA para mAkramaNa karake hAthI ke dvArA usako vaise hI vidIrNa kara diyA gayA thA jaise ki eka matta hAvI dvArA lakar3I tor3a dI jAtI hai / eka hAthI dUsare hAthI para mAkramaNa karatA humA, parvata kI coTI para prAzliSTa-meSa kI zobhA ko dhAraNa kara rahA thA / sainikoM dvArA pheMke gae bANoM ko bhramaroM ke prAkramaNa ke samAna samajhakara romAJcita zarIra bAlA hAyo dhanya hai| tar3apate hue kavandhoM ko una ghaTAmoM se vaha senA sAkSAta ghanazcara ho rahI thii| hAthiyoM ke garajane se, ghor3oM ke hinahinAne se, rathoM kI gharagharAhaTa se paura nagAr3oM kI gar3agar3AhaTa se senAeM mukharita ho rahI thiiN| eka sAhasI sainika ne eka sainika ko baba pRthvI para girAyA to usane bhI uThakara donoM paroM ke prahAra se use dUra pheMka diyA / koI saMnika mUrdhA ko prApta ho rahA thaa| koI garjanA kara rahA thaa| vAyu se hilatI huI patAkAeM mAkAza meM vyApta ho gaI thii| sainika sAmane jAte hue sainika kA sira cheda rahe the| bANoM kI paMkti senAnAyakoM ke hRdaya meM praviSTa ho kara unheM mokSa prApta kara rahI thii| baha yoDAmoM ke vakSasthaloM meM vezyA ke samAna praviSTa ho rahI thii| yoSAnoM ke idhara-udhara lar3akate hue ziroM ko dekhakara aisA lagatA thA. mAnoM candramA ke

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala viparIta hone para yaha pRthvI aneka rAhoM se yukta ho gaI ho| hASiyoM ke mastaka se nikalatI huI gaNamuktAmoM ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai, mAnoM zatru kI lakSmI isa samaya mAMsU bahA rahI ho| camakatI huI paJcala talavArabIra ke hatya ko utsAhita karatI huI saubhAgya-samUha ko prakaTa kara rahI thii| raNabhUmi isa samaya brahmA kI zilpazAlA sI laga rahI thii| raNabhUmi meM eDa ke naSTa ho jAne para zveta patra gira rahe the / zavoM kA mAMsa khAne ke icchaka pakSI yahA~ para maMDarA rahe the| mata puruSa kI striyoM ke netroM se bahatA humA patrapravAha mora hAthiyoM ke manasvasa se bahatA humA madajala yamunA ke svarUpa ko dhAraNa kara rahA thaa| pukhasthala raNazobhA kA krIDA sarobara ho rahA thA, jisameM sainikoM ke kezoM se yukta zira, zevAsa se yukta kamaloM ke samAna bikhara rahe the| striyoM ke mastaka se bahate hue kaMkuma-jala se yuThabhUmi bhara gaI thii| jayakumAra ne yuddha ke lie dhanuSa dhAraNa kiyA / puTa ko dekhakara vidvAnoM ke hRdaya kAMpa rahe the, mukuTa samUha meM se maNiyA~ gira rahI thiiN| jayakumAra ne apanI vIratA ke kAraNa zatruSoM ko tinake ke samAna banA diyaa| x x x jayakumAra ke hAtha kI talavAra sarpa se bhI bhayaMkara thii| yaha manuSyoM ke aMka ko sajA rahI thii| paraspara talavAroM ke prahAroM se cinagAriyoM nikala rahI thiiN| rakta se sicita yuvabhUmi meM TUTate hae, hAthiyoM ke dAMta vijetA ke kItivama ke samAna laga rahe the| zatra usa samaya nibaMla ho rahA thA aura jayakumAra harSita hokara zobhA ko prApta kara rahe the| apanI senA ko vinaSTa hotA hamA dekhakara parkakoti nya ko prApta kara rahA thaa| x + x patAkA rUpI bagule, hAyI rUpI bAdala, bANa rUpI mora, tamavAra rUpI viSalI, Doma kI dhvani spI, bAvala kI gar3agar3AhaTa vAlA yaha yUra varSA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara rahA thaa| jayakumAra ne apane gaja ko pakakotti kI pora prerita kiyaa| sone kI rekhA se cihnita bANa ko jayakumAra ke chor3ane para zatrusamUha apane prANa chor3a rahA thaa| isake pazcAt jayakumAra ne parijaya nAma ke ratha ko grahaNa kiyaa| andhakAra ko naSTa karane vAle dIpaka ke samAna jayakumAra ne zatru ko samApta kiyaa| isake pazcAta jayakumAra aura prakIti bihaputroM ke samAna sar3ane lage / jayakumAra ke bANa calAne para devagaNa jaya-jayakAra kara rahe the| apanI parAjaya se prakIti cintita ho rahA pA, mora jayakumAra vijaya se yukta ho gae the|' kavikRta mandira-varNana aura samavazaraNa maNDapa varNana hameM tatkAlIna vAstukalA kA jJAna karAte haiM / yAtrA-varNana se yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki hamAre mAlocya mahAkavi yAtrI-hadaya ke pArasI the| mArga meM yAtrI zyoM ko kisa prakAra mAra paura prasannatA se nihAratA hai, mArga meM rahane vAle loga kisa prakAra ekaTaka navaroM 1. bayodaya, 8 / 14

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142 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana najaroM se kisI dhanI yAtrI ko dekhate haiM, isa sabakA varNana kavi ne karane kA prayala kiyA hai| sabase sajIva varNana to kavi ne yuddha kA kiyA hai| jayakumAra paura markakotti kA yuddha mahAkAvya meM vIrarasa kI niSpatti karane meM pUrNa saphala hai| (gha) vividha-varNana prAkRtika aura vaikRtika padAnoM ke varNana ke atirikta kavi ne anya vividha varNana bhI prastuta kie haiM, jo kavi ke vistata jJAna ke paricAyaka haiN| kavi ne bhArata ke kucha tyohAroM meM hone vAle kAryoM kA bhI ullekha prapane kAgyoM meM kiyA hai, yathA-varSA-Rtu ke prasaMga meM striyoM kA jhUlA jhuulnaa| isI prakAra grISmaRtu varNana ke prasaGga meM kavi ne pataGga-krIDA kA ullekha kiyA hai / pataGga-ur3AtI huI eka niHsaMtAna strI kA citra dekhie : "ptnggtntraayitcittvRttistdiiyntrbhrmismprvRttiH| .. zyAmApi nAmAtmajalAlanasya sameti solyaM suguNAdarasva // " marthAt jaba koI strI pataGga ur3Ate samaya borI kI cI ko ghumAtI hai, to use putra khilAne jaisA prAnanda prApta hotA hai| jayakumAra kI rAjasabhA kA hI varNana kavi ne bar3A mArmika kiyA hai| jisa prakAra zarad Rtu rAjahaMsoM se zobhita hotI hai, usI prakAra jayakumAra kI sabhA vidvAnoM se suzobhita thii| pattoM, puSpoM, phaloM se yukta latAvallarI ke samAna vaha sabhA macchI vANI bolane vAle, pracche antaHkaraNa vAle vidvAnoM se yukta yo| vaha sabhA jaina bANI ke samAna pavitra nadI ke samAna malinatA ko naSTa karane vAlI pii| jayakumAra ke vivAha ke samaya meM bArAta kA svAgata kisa prakAra kiyA gayA, isakA bhI varNana kavi ne bar3A rocaka kiyA hai| eka uddharaNa dekhie, jo svabhAvokti se paripUrNa hai : "ki pazyasyapi saMrimerapi na ki no rocakaM vyaMjanaM, tanvIdaM lavaNAdhikaM khalu taSAkArIti no raMjanam / tasmAtsamprati. sarvato mukhamahaM yAce pipAsAkula:, sAtrAbhUtsmitavAribhuk punaritaH svedena sa. vyAkulaH // " (jayodaya, 12 // 140) . sulocanA ko vidA karAkara jayakumAra gaGgA-nadI ke taTa para pahuMcate hai, unake sainika vahIM para par3Ava gala lete haiM, mora rAtri meM pAnagoSThI kA prAyojana 1. bArodaya, 4121-22 2. jayodaya, 318-10

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara kA varNana-kauzala 243 karate haiN| kavi ne isa goSThI kA pratyadhika svAbhAvika varNana kiyA hai, usakA saMkSiptIkRta rUpa prastuta hai : rAtri meM strI-puruSoM ne madhura vArtAlApa sahita madyapAna kiyaa| unmatta. hokara sabhI strI-puruSa kAma-ceSTAyeM karane lge| madirA pIne ke kAraNa unmatta pati sapatniyoM kA nAma lene lage; isa samasyA ko dUra karane ke lie patniyAM apane patiyoM ko mora bhI madirA pilAne lgiiN| madya pIkara puruSa apanI striyoM ke mukhakamala ko nirantara nihArane lge| madya pIkara puruSa khAlI pAtroM ko idhara-udhara chor3ane lge| makha kA pAtra chor3ane vAlI striyoM ke adharoM kA unake catura pati pAna karane lge| mada ke kAraNa strI-puruSoM ke netra kokanada kI zobhA dhAraNa karane lge| unmatta puruSa apanI striyoM se yathArtha vacana kahane lge| x x x madirA vaza meM hokara skhalita vANI meM pora adhika madirA kI yAcanA karane lge| sabhI strI-puruSa hAsa-parihAsa meM saMlagna hone lge| eka strI dUsarI strI ko netra bolakara usake priya kA darzana karane kA upadeza dene lgii| koI strI apanI sakhI ke roSa ko dUra karane kA prayatna karane lgii| pati apanI striyoM se praNaya-nivedana karane lge| virahiNI striyAM pIr3A kA anubhava karane lgii| striyA~ punaH punaH mAna kA abhinaya karane lgiiN| + + x isa prakAra madyapAna karake strI-puruSoM ne paramasukha evaM lAlasA kA anubhava kiyA / ' (Ga) sArAMza mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI racanAoM meM pAe hue padArthoM ke varNana ke parizIlana se unakI varNana-kalA-kuzalatA kA jJAna pAThakoM ko bhI ho jaaegaa| kavi ne prAyaH daSTigocara hone vAle sabhI padArthoM kA varNana apane kAvyoM meM kiyA hai| unake kAvyoM meM ina varNanoM ko doharAyA bhI nahIM gayA hai| ataH eka hI sthAna para hone ke kAraNa unakA mAnanda lene meM pAThaka UbatA nahIM, yadi kahIM ina varNanoM ko eka se adhika bAra kiyA bhI gayA hai, to praavshyktaanusaar| zrI jJAnasAgara kA prakRti-varNana prAya: pratIkAtmaka hai| unhoMne apane kAmya meM prakRti-varNana svayaM ko sukumAra kavi siddha karane ke lie nahIM kiyA hai, apitu prasaGgavaza kiyA hai / jaise unakA parvata-varNana pAThaka ko kahIM na kahIM le hI jAtA hai-jinadarzana ke lie yA, munidarzana ke lie i. isI prakAra unakA samudra-varNana vIra bhagavAn kI hI mahimA kA udghoSa karatA hai| kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM Rtu-varNana (chaha-RtumoM kA) eka eka bAra kiyA hai / sambhavataH kavi ne Rtu-varNana punaH isalie nahIM kiyA kyoMki pratyeka viziSTatA kA varNana vaha apane Rtu-varNana meM usI hI sthala para kara gae haiN| unakA zaradvarNana mora basanta-varNana vAstava meM pAThaka ko lubhAne vAlA hai| 1. jayodaya, 16vA sarga,

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244 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana prakRti kA pratIkAtmaka varNana karate hue bhI kavi ne prakRti-varNana meM pAThaka ko apanI adbhuta kSamatA kA paricaya karAyA hai / isIlie paTala himAlaya, pAvanasalilA gaGgA, RSiyoM se sevya bana, gahana-samudra, apsarAmoM ke samAna sundara sarovara, RturAja, vasanta, zubhAkAzazarada, bhayakura zIta, mana ko ulmasita karane bAlI varSA, tamonAzaka prabhAta, pizAcinI ke samAna bhayaGkara rAtri mora sandhyAsundarI-ina sabhI prAkRtika padArtho ke varNana meM kavi kI sUkSmadarzanazakti spaSTa jhalakatI hai, aura pAThaka ko anAyAsa hI prAkRSTa karatI hai / __ isI prakAra vaMkRtika-padArtha-varNana meM bhI kavi kama nipuNa nahIM hai| unhoMne upane kAvya ke kathAprasaGgoM se sambandhita sabhI vastumoM kA varNana kiyA hai| vA grAma-jIvana paura nagara-jIvana antara ko bhI acchI prakAra samajhate haiM, isIlie vastusthiti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unhoMne nAgarika-jIvana ko bhogavilAsa se yukta batAyA hai, aura grAmINa jIvana meM sAralya kI pradhAnatA batAI hai| nagaroM meM ratnasampadA hai, to grAmoM meM shsy-smpdaa| kavi ne mahAvIra ke kaivalya jAna se yukta hone ke sambandha meM samavazaraNa maNDapa kA varNana kiyA hai| sthAnasthAna para jinAyatana aura jaina-mandiroM kA bhI varNana hai| kavi kA bhaugolikasthAna-varNana, hameM tatkAlIna vAstukalA kA jJAna karAtA hai| kavi ko sabhI racanAeM dhArmikatA se yukta haiM, isalie unhoMne jo mandira varNana kiyA hai vaha malpa hai| kavi ne devatAmoM kI kuNDanapura kI yAtrA, jayakumAra kI senA ko yuddhayAtrA paura jayakumAra kI rathayAtrA kA bhI acchA varNana kiyA hai / yAtrA meM koI bhI vyakti kisa prakAra apanA manoraJjana kara sakatA hai-yaha kavi ke ina yAtrA-varNanoM se jJAta ho jAtA hai| yuddha kA varNana kavi ne kevala eka sthala para kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kavi kI sabhI kRtiyoM meM bhaktibhAva mora zAntarasa ko hI pradhAnatA hai / pratA puddha-varNana se niSpanna vIra rasa praGga rasa ke hI rUpa meM abhivyakta humA hai| itanA hote hue bhI kavi apane ekasthalIya yuddhavarNana se pAThakoM ke hRdaya ko ullasita karane meM mora kaMpAne meM pUrNa samaya hai / unake yuddha-varNana meM mur3hakate hue zira pora kabandha, camakatI huI prasilatA, TakarAte hue prastra yuddha kI sajIva jhAMkI hamAre samakSa prastuta kara dete haiN| * kavi ke kAvyoM meM pariNata dolA-krIr3A, pataGga-krIr3A, suratavihAra, pAnagoSThI, barAta svAgata ityAdi bhI unakI sUjha-bUjha ke paricAyaka haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kavi ne apane kAvyoM ke kathAnakoM ke vAtAvaraNa meM upasamma sabhI padArthoM kA sAGgopAGga varNana kiyA hai / prataH hama unheM varNana-kauzala kI dRSTi se bhI eka saphala mahAkavi mAna sakate haiN|

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saptama adhyAya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa kAvya ke do pakSa hote haiM-bhAvapakSa mora kalApakSa / uparyukta donoM pakSoM meM bhAvapakSa madhika mahatvapUrNa hotA hai| kavi dvArA kAvya meM prayukta marmasparzI-kAvyaupAdAnoM kA nAma hI bhAvapakSa hai / yaha kAvya kA prANatatva hai / samAja meM sahRdayatA se rahita vyakti ko hRdayahIna paSavA pASANa-hRdaya kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kAvya meM bhAvapakSa kI upekSA karane vAle ko kaThina-kAvya kA preta kahA jAtA hai| bhAvapArahita kAvya saurabhahIna puSpa ke samAna kisI ko acchA nahIM lagatA, balki phala ke sArarahita chilake ke samAna agrAhya lagatA hai| kAvya ko sahRdayahRdayagrAhya banAne ke lie mAvazyaka hai ki usameM bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa kA santulana ho| pAkAza meM vo sthAna sUrya kA hai, kAmya meM vahI sthAna bhAvapakSa kA hai| bhAvapakSa hI kAgya ko vAstavika kAvya kI saMjJA pradAna karatA hai| bhAvapakSa hI hamAre samakSa kavi ke hRdaya meM sthita bhAvanAmoM kA prastutIkaraNa karatA hai| yahI vaha tatva hai| jisake dvArA hama kavi aura apane madhya eka tAdAtmya kI anubhUti karate haiM / bhAvapakSa hI kAvya kA vAstavika bhAva (mUlya) hai / kAgya meM isa tattva kI vidyamAnatA jitanI jyAdA hotI hai-kAvyapremI pAThaka utanA hI mAnanda-sarovara meM DUba jAtA hai, yahAM taka ki apane-mApako bhUla jAtA hai| phira kAvya ke prayojanoM meM vo pramukha prayojana-sadyaH paraniti evaM kAntAsammata upadeza bhI haiN|' dekhA jAtA hai ki puruSa para apane gurujanoM kI prapekSA apanI patnI kI bAtoM kA jyAdA prabhAva par3atA hai| vaha apanI sarasa ceSThAmoM se use kartavyAkartavya kA jAna karAne meM adhika prabhAvazAlinI hotI hai| isI prakAra vyakti nItizAstroM ke mAdhyama se pUrNa upadeza grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| hA~, yadi use kAvya ke mAdhyama se upadeza diyA jAe, to vaha manoraJjana ke bahAne sahaja hI meM use dhAraNa kara letA hai| kAvya ke ye donoM prayojana usameM vidyamAna bhAvapakSa se hI siddha ho sakate haiN| 1. mammaTa, kAvyaprakAza, 112

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana kalApakSa-pradhAna kAvya puruSa ko bauddhika vyAyAma meM ulajhA detA hai / kintu bhAvapakSapradhAna kAvya puruSa ko klAnti harane meM samartha hotA hai / bhAvapakSa ke hI kAraNa kavi kA kAvya, kavitA- kAminI kA manohara rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| bhAbhUSaNoM se susajjita hone para bhI kAntA prapane hAva-bhAva se hI kisI ko prAkuSTa karane meM samartha hotI hai / isI prakAra zabdAlaGkAroM mora prarthAlaGkAroM guMthI rahane para bhI kavitA- kAminI, java bhAvapakSa se saMyukta hotI hai tabhI, sahRdaya ko prabhAvita kara pAtI hai / 246 uparyukta vivecana se suspaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhAvapakSa kAvya kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa tatva hai / prata: kAvya ko hRdayagrAhya banAne ke lie prAvazyaka hai ki isa tattva kI kavi dvArA upekSA na kI jAya / isa tattva kI upekSA hote hI kavi mora usake kAvya kA sAhitya samAja meM gauNa sthAna ho jAtA hai / (kha) bhAvapakSa ke bheda bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ne bhAvapakSa ke kramazaH prATha bheda batAe haiM - rasa, bhAva, rasAbhAsa, bhAvAbhAsa, bhAvazAnti, bhAvodaya, bhAvasandhi prora bhAvazavalatA / ' kavi inhIM tattvoM ke dvArA pAThaka ke hRdaya ko chUne meM samartha hotA hai / bhAvapakSa ke ina tatvoM meM sarvazreSTha sthAna rasa kA hai / prataeva praba sarvaprathama rasa-svarUpa prastuta hai / (ga) rasa-svarUpa hamAre mana meM aneka suSupta bhAvanAeM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| kinhIM vizeSa kAraNa bhIra paristhitiyoM ke upasthita hone para suSuptAvasthA ko chor3akara ye jAvasthA meM prA jAtI haiN| hamArI ceSTAyeM ina bhAvanAoMoM ko prakaTa karatI haiM; aura kucha aise sahAyaka tatva hote haiM, jo ina bhAvanAtroM ko puSTa karate haiM / isa prakAra hRdaya meM vidyamAna suSupta bhAvanA hI kramazaH jAgrata, prakaTa mora puSTa hokara rasa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai / jisa prakAra cAvala se bhAta banatA hai; usI prakAra bhAvanA se hI rasasiddha hotA hai, cAvala ko bhAta meM badalane ke lie pAtra, agni, jala mora pAcanavidhi kA jJAna prapekSita hai; isI prakAra bhAvanA ko rasa rUpa meM pariNata karane ke lie - kAraNa, viziSTa - vAtAvaraNa, beSTAyeM aura sahAyaka kAraNa apekSita haiM / kAvya-zAstrIya dRSTi se dekhA jAya to bhAvanA huI hRdaya meM. sthita sthAyI bhAva / kAraNa bhIra paristhitiyoM kA kAvyazAstrIya nAma kramazaH .mAlambana-vibhAva aura uddIpana vibhAva hai| ceSTAtroM ko manubhava kahA jAtA hai / 1. (ka) mammaTa, kAvyaprakAza, 4 / 26 (kha) vizvanAthakata sAhityadarpaNa, 3256 kA uttarAdhaM / 260 kA pUrvArddha /

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mahAkavi zAmasApara ke saMskRta-pranyoM meM mApana sahAyaka kAraNoM ko vyabhicAribhAva kahA jAtA hai| kAgyaprakAzakAra prAcArya mammaTa ne rasa-svarUpa kA kathana karane vAlI nimnalikhita zabdAvalI prayukta kI "kAraNAnyaya kAryANi sahakArINi yAni / ratyAdeH sthAyino loke tAni cennAghaTakAvyayoH / / vibhAvA manubhAvAstat kathyante vyabhicAriNaH / vyaktaH sa taivibhAvAdyaH pyAyI bhAvo rasaH smRtaH // "" mataeva rasa ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA jA sakatA hai kAraNa rUpa vibhAva (mAlambana aura uddIpana se jAgrata), kArya rUpa anubhASa (kAyika vAcika ceSTAnoM se prakaTa), mora sahakArI rUpa vyabhicAribhAvoM (nideva ityAdi se) se vyakta-mAzraya meM sthita sthAyI bhAva ko rasa kahate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa-duSyanta (pAzraya) meM sthita rati nAmaka sthAyIbhAva, zakuntalA pora manohara tapovana (mAlambana aura uddIpana vibhAva) ko dekhakara bAga uThatA hai / usakA yaha bhAva zakuntalA kA saundayaM-varNana, bhramara-bAdhA se usako svAnA ityAdi ceSTAnoM (anubhAvoM) se prakaTa ho jAtA hai / patA nahIM, yaha kisa kula kI kanyA hai ? isakA vivAha mujhase ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? ityAdi zAti (yabhicAribhAvoM) se puSTa ho jAtA hai, aura zRGgAra rasa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara meThA hai : spaSTa hai ki suSupta sthAyIbhAva ko rasa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vibhAvAdi pArA rasa-rUpa meM pariNata sthAyIbhAva hI mAnandAnubhUti karA. pAtA hai| isIlie rasa ko saba prAnanda kahate hai, mora sthAyIbhAva ko mUlapravRtti / para yahI sthAyIbhAva mAsvAya hone para 'rasa' ko saMjJA prApta kara letA hai| (gha) rasa-saMkhyA-nirNaya bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM ke mata meM 6 prakAra ke sthAyo-bhAva haiM, pora inhIM svAyI bhAvoM ke anusAra 6 rasa bhI haiM : sthAyI bhAva 1. rati zuGgAra 2. hAsa hAsya 3. zoka karuNa 4. kroSa raudra utsAha bIra 1. bhaya bhayAnaka 1. kAvyaprakAza, 4 / 27-28

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zAnta' mahAkavi nAmasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana 7. jugupsA bIbhatsa 8. vismaya adbhuta 1. nirveda isake atirikta kucha logoM ne vatsasa rasa mora bhaktirasa kI bhI parikalpanA kI hai| jahA~ taka mAnandAnubhUti kA prazna hai; vahA~ ina donoM rasoM kI parikalpanA ucita hI hai / hama vatsala ko to rasa kaha sakate haiM, kintu bhakti ko nhiiN| rasoM kA yaha varga karaNa manovaijJAnika mAdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / vyakti ke mana meM rahane vAlI puSeSaNA' nAmaka malapravRtti kI upekSA hama nahIM kara sakate / putra ke prati sneha' nAmaka sthAyI-mAva isI mUlapravRtti se sambaddha hai / phira putra ke prati sneha, 'strI-puruSa ke paraspara prema' se vilkula bhinna hai| strI puruSa kA prema samavayaskatA ke mAdhAra para hotA hai / prataH hameM vatsala rasa alaga rasa mAna lenA caahie| praba jahA~ taka bhakti ko rasa kI pratiSThA prApta karAne kA prazna hai-usakA uttara hai ki bhakti yA prAbara nAmaka mUlapravRtti kA kisI bhI manovaijJAnika ne ullekha nahIM kiyaa| prataH bhakti ko hama hRdaya meM sthita sthAyI-bhAva nahIM mAna sakate / mAtA-pitA, guru mora Izvara ke prati zraddhAyukta sneha ko hI bhakti kahA jAtA hai / hamAre mana meM bhakti kA prAdurbhAva sAmAjika paristhitiyoM; pUjya-janoM kA samAja meM viziSTa sthAna, moka-paramparA ityAdi ke anusAra hotA hai / spaSTa hai ki putra-putrI ke prati prema meM bhI zraddhA kA sammizraNa nahIM hotA, paura ramaNIramaNaviSayaka prema meM barAbarI kA dAvA hotA hai, isalie usameM zraddhA kI vaha mAtrA nahIM hotI, jo guru, mAtA-pitA aura Izvara ke prati prema meM milI rahatI hai| 'zRGgAra rasa' meM rati nAmaka sthAyI bhAva aura 'vatsala.rasa' meM bAlaka ke prati vAtsalya 1. (ka) bharatamuni, nATyazAstra, 6 / 16, 18 tathA 350-353 pR0 kA gybhaag| (ba) mammaTa, kAvyaprakAza, 4129, 30 mora 35 kA pUrvArda / (ga) paM. jagannAtha, rasagaGgAdhara, prathama mAnana, pR. 131-136 2. vizvanAtha, sAhityadarpaNa, 33251-254 kA pUrvArSa / 3. 'brahmAnando bhavedeSa cet parAvaMguNIkRtaH / / 16 meti bhaktiH sukhAmbhoH paramANutulAmapi / -rUpa gosvAmI, bhaktirasAmatasindhuH / pUrvavimAge praSamA sAmAnya bhaktilaharI

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mahAkavimAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pampoM meM bhAvapakSa 245 nAmaka sthAyIbhAva hI balazAlI hote haiM, jabaki 'pUjya-janoM ke prati prema' meM mAtra sneha se kAma nahIM calatA, usameM sneha mora patA kI mAtrA lagabhaga samAna hI hotI hai| prataH sneha mora adA ke sammizraNa rUpa bhakti ko 'bhaktirasa' kA sthAyIbhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / prataH manovaijJAnika mAdhAra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hama rasoM kI saMkhyA dasa se adhika nahIM mAna skte| (Ga) kavi zrI jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM aGgIrasa . mAnasAgara jI ke kAvyoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha upayukta rasoM meM se eka rasa ko hI pradhAna rasa ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM, anya rasoM ko vA usa pradhAna-rasa ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM hI upasthita karate haiN| kisI rAjya ke saMcAlana meM jo sthiti samrATa mora sAmantoM kI hotI hai, kAvyoM meM vahI sthiti pradhAna rasa pora sahAyaka rasoM kI hotI hai| pradhAna rasa ko hI manIrasa kahA jAtA hai, manya sahAyaka rasoM kA nAma kAvyazAstra meM praGga rasa hai / uttama kavi yaha prayAsa karate haiM ki unake kAvya ko par3hakara pAThaka eka rasa kA acchI prakAra mAnanda uThA sakeM, isalie vaha maGgarasoM ko isa prakAra upasthita karate haiM ki unase milane vAlA mAmanda, manIrasa se milane vAle mAnanda ko kama na kre| jaba hama apane mAlocya kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke pAMcoM kAvyoM-bayodaya, vIrogya, sudarzanodaya, zrIsamudavattacaritra bhora dayodayacampU kA parizIlana karate hai to jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ne ina pAMcoM kAvyoM meM 'zAntarasa' kA hI manIrasa ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| mAntarasa kA svarUpa bhAratIya kAvyazAstriyoM kI zAntarasa ke viSaya meM pravadhAraNA hai ki sattvaguNasampanna puruSa ke hRdaya meM sthita zama nAmaka sthAyI bhAva hI prAsvAdana yogya hokara zAnta-rasa ko padavI pAtA hai| isakA raGga kundapuSpa ke samAna zveta hai, apavA candramA ke samAna hai, jo sArivakatA kA potaka hai / puruSoM ko mokSa rUpa puruSArSa kI prApti karAne vAle zrIbhagavAn nArAyaNa hI rasa ke devatA hai| saMsAra ko niHsAratA, duHsamayatA aura tattvajJAnAdi isake mAlambana-vibhAva hai| mahaSiyoM ke mAmama, bhagavAn ke krIDAkSetra, tIrthasthAna, tapovana, satsaGga mAdi isake uddIpanavibhAva hai| yama-niyama, yativeSa kA dhAraNa karanA, romAJca ityAdi isake anubhAva haiM / nirveda, smRti, pUti, stambha, jIvadayA, mati, harSa ityAdi isake vyabhicAribhASa haiN| isa rasa kA prAdurbhAva hone para vyakti meM IrSyA, dveSa, mamatva ityAdi bhAvoM kA savA prabhAva ho jAtA hai / vaha sukha-duHkha se rahita eka vilakSaNa hI mAnana kI prApti karatA hai / isake atirikta zujArAvi sAMsArika-rasa haiM, unameM hameM dharma, parva, kAma-ina-tIna puruSArthoM kI jhalaka dekhane ko milatI hai, kintu prakSokina mAnanda kI anubhUti karAne vAle zAnta-rasa meM hama sarvazreSTha puruSArtha mokSa kI jhalaka

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana dekhate haiN| zaGgAra ko yadi 'rasarAja' kI padavI dI gaI hai, to ise 'rasapirAva mAnanA cAhie kyoMki isake prAdurbhAva ke samaya anya sabhI rakhoM kI sattA isI meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| (ka) jayodaya meM varNita zAnta rasa__jayodaya mahAkAvya kA mAdyopAnta anuzIlana karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa mahAkAvya kA prantima bhAga zAnta rasa se sarAbora hai| kavi ne 25 se stha sarga taka zAnta rasa ke atirikta kisI anya rasa kA praveza bhI nahIM hone diyA hai / anya sthaloM para bhI aisA lagatA hai ki zuGgArAdi rasa saba zAnta-rasa kI cAkarI kara rahe hoM; mora unake mAdhyama se sahRdaya pAThaka zAntarasa taka pahu~cA ho tathA usakI zAntarasa se guptamaMtraNA cala rahI ho| .. kAvya ke nAyaka jayakumAra isa rasa ke pAzraya haiN| saMsAra kI: niHsAratA, parivartanazIlatA prAdi pAlambanavibhAva haiN| prAdi tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA upadeza uddIpanavibhAva hai| vanagamana, romAJca, yativeza dhAraNa karamA, daMgambarI dIkSA lenA ityAdi anubhAva haiM / harSa, smati, dainya, mati, taka ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| zAnta rasa kA bIja kAvya kA vaha sthala hai, jahAM jayakumAra aura sulocanA ko apane pUrvajanmoM kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| yaha cIja usa samaya aMkura kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, kaba tIrthayAtrA ke avasara para raviprabhadeva jayakumAra ke sadAcaraNa kI parIkSA letA hai / isake bAda to jayakumAra ke hRdaya meM vidyamAna 'sama' nAmaka zAntarasa kA sthAyIbhAva pUrNarUpeNa jAga uThatA hai| jayakumAra apane putra kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara dete haiM, pora tatpazcAt bana kI mora cala dete haiN| vaha bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI zaraNa meM jAte haiM / bhagavAn unheM upadeza dete haiN| phalasvarUpa baha sampUrNa sAMsArika padArthoM ko chor3akara digamvara muni bana jAte haiN| kaThora tapasyA ke pazcAt siddhi ko prApta kara lete haiN| yahAM para zAntarasa vAcAmagocara basA prApta kara letA hai| zAntarasa kI abhivyaJjanA karAne vAle kucha ukharamA prastuta haiM: (ka) virakta jayakumAra ke manobhAvoM kA varNana dekhie : "bahasamasyavarodhividheH kSayaprazamataH zamataH svidayaM bnH| jhagiti nivivide'pa bhavacchide kvcidcittcinijsmbide|" 31... .(ka) bharatamunikRta nATyazAstra, 6|83viiN kArikA ke bAda kA pakSamAya gora 54-87 (kha) vizvanAtha kRta sAhityadarpaNa, 3 / 285 kA* u.-246 ke pUrva tk|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-prabhthoM meM bhAvapakSa anubhavAnilajAlasamIrite hRdayasAragabhIraMsarasvati / janimavApamavApadIraNaH sphuTavicAra taraGgatatiH satI // kSaraNaruciH kamalA pratidiGa, mukhaM suradhanuzcalamendriyakaM sukham / bibhava eSa suSuptivikalpavagrahaha udayamado'khilamadhruvam // yuvatayo mRgamaJjulalocanAH kRtaravA dviradA madarocanAH / lahavittaralAsturagAvacamU samudaye kimu kbhapane'pyamUH // 1 (kha) RSabhadeva se dharmasvarUpa sunakara jayakumAra tapasvI ho jAte haiM, mora apane vastra ityAdi parigraha kA parityAga kara dete haiM / punaH nivRtti ke mArga para pragrasara ho jAte haiM : -: "sadAcAravihIno'pi sadAcAraparAyaNaH / sa rAjApi tapasvI san samajhopyakSarodhakaH // hairayevarayAvyAptaM bhoginAmadhinAyakaH / mahInaH sarvavattAvatkaJcukaM parimuktavAn // paMcamuSTisphuraduSTi pravRtto'khilasaMyame / uccakhAna mahAbhAgo vRjinAnvRjinopamAn // kRtAbhisandhiramyaMganI rAgama hitodaya: / muktAhAratayA reje muktikAntAkaragrahe // prAyazcittaM cakAraMSa vinayena samanvitam / svAdhyAyasahitaM dhIrA pariNAmAnuyogavAn // mAravArAbhyatItassannatho nodalatAM zritaH / mAravArAbhyatItassannayo nodalatAM zritaH / nivRttipayaniSTho'tivRtti saMkhyAnavAnabhUt / "3 (ga) tapasyA ko aGgIkAra kara lene para jayakumAra meM kSamAzIlatA, mRdutA, saralatA, pavitratA, nirbhIkatA, tejasvitA, tyAga, vairAgya, tatvajJAna ke prati ruci ityAdi guraNa vRddhi ko prApta ho jAte haiM : "kSamAzIlo'pi san kopakaraNe kaparAyaNaH / babhUva mAvopeto'pyatIva dRDhadhAraNaH // pyAjazriyA nityaM samutsavakramaGgataH / pAcanaprakriyo'pyAsIttadA zocaparAyaNaH / / zyAmatAM nAnvagAcit satyAnugatavRttimAn / yamAbhIta evAsItsaMyamaprabhayAnvitaH // 1. jayodaya, 251-4 2 vahI, 28 / 5-10

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252 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka anvayana masantaptAntaraGgo'pi tapasi praNidhi ptH| na tyAgamahito'pyAsItyaktAzeSaparigrahaH // saMgItaguNasaMstho'pi sannakiMcanarAgavAn / varNanAtItamAhAtmyo vrinntocitsNsthitiH|| zrIyuktadazadharmo'pi navanItAdhikAravAn / tattvasthitiprakAzAya svAtmanakAyito'pyabhUva // (kha) borodaya meM variNata zAntarasa bIrodaya mahAkAvya to prAyopAnta zAntarasa pradhAna mahAkAvya hai| isa kAgya ke nAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hRdaya meM sthita zama nAmaka sthAyIbhAva viziSTa vAtAvaraNa meM prabuddha hokara zAnta rasa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| maNamagura saMsAra isa rasa kA mAlambana-vibhAva hai| aura logoM kI svArthaparatA, dharmAndhatA ityAdi uddIpana vibhAva haiM / tyAga kI icchA, tapazcaraNa kI mora unmukha honA ityAdi anubhAva haiM / nirveda, smRti, ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiM / vIrodaya mahAkAvya ke zAntarasa ke kucha uddharaNa prApake sammukha prastuta haiM : (ka) bhagavAna mahAvIra vivAha kA virodha karate hue apane pitA ko samajhAte haiM: "purApi zrUyate putrI brAhmI vA sugarI puroH / manUcAnasvamApannA strISu zasyatamA matA // upAntyo'pi jino bAlabrahmacArI jaganmataH / pANDavAnAM yathA bhISmapitAmaha iti zrutaH / / anye'pi bahavo jAtAH kumArazramaNA narAH / sarveSvapi jayeSvagragataH kAma nayo yataH / / + + + rAjyametadanAya korvaannaambhuudho|| tathA bharatandoHzaktyoH prapaMcAya mahAtmanoH / / rAjyaM bhuvi sthiraM vAsotprajAyAH manasItyataH / zAzvataM rAjyamadhyetuM prayate pUrNarUpataH // "" uparyukta zlokoM meM jagata ko nissAratA rUpa mAlambana kA varNana hamA hai, bhISma pitAmaha, korava bharata-vAhuvalI ke vRttAnta uddIpana vibhAva hai| mati ma yabhicAribhAva hai| yahA~ zAntarasa kI spaSTa abhivyaJjanA hai| 1. jayodaya, 28 // 35-40 2. vIrodaya, 36.45

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pramoM meM bhAvapana 250 (kha) bIrodaya meM zAntarasa kA dUsarA udAharaNa vahAM dekhane ko milatA hai para bhagavAn mahAvIra vivAha ke prastAva ko asvIkAra karake, saMsAra kI donabazA kA prabalokana karate haiM : "svIyAM pipAsAM zamayeta parAsajA kSuSAM paraprANavipattibhiH prjaa| svacakSuSA svArthaparAyaNAM sthiti nibhAlayAmo jagatIzImiti // pajena mAtA parituSyatIti tannigavate pUrtajanaH kathitam / pibennu mAtApi sutasya zoNitamaho nizAyAmapi praryamoditaH / pAyA-sutAyaM bhuvi vispharanmanAH kuryAdajAyAH sutasaMhati ca / kimucyatAmoDazi evamAryatA svavAnchitArtha svidanayaMkAyaMtA // + + svaroTiko moTayitaM hi zikSate jano'khilaH samvalaye'dhunAkSiteH / nAcanApyanyavicAratanmanA malokameSA asate hi pUtanA // + maho pazUnAM dhriyate yato baliH zmazAnatAmaJcati devtaasthlii| yamasthalI vAtularaktaraJjitA vibhAti yasyAM satataM hi dehalI / / eka: surApAnaratastapA vata palaGkaSatvAtkavarasthalIkRtam // kenovaraM ko'pi parasya yoSitaM svasvAtkarotItarakoNaniSThitaH // kuto'pahAro draviNasya dRzyate tapopahAra: svavacaH prapazyate / paraM kala hiyate 'nyato haTAdvikIryate svodarapUrtaye saTA // "" (mAja loga dUsare ke rakta evaM mAMsa se apanI pipAsA evaM zuSA ko zAnta karanA cAhate haiM / saMsAra meM yahI svArthaparAyaNatA dRSTigocara ho rahI hai| pUrta mogoM kA kahanA hai ki bakare kI bali se jagadambA prasanna hotI hai| yadi mAtA apane ho putroM kA khUna pIne lage to yaha vaisA hI hogA jaise rAtri meM sUrya kA udaya honA / svArthI manuSya apanI strI se putra ke lobha meM bakarI ke putra kA hanana kara rahA hai| x x x isa saMsAra meM jise dekho vahI apanA svArtha siddha karane meM lagA humA hai| x x x mandiroM se suzobhita pavitra bhUmi pazumoM kI bali pAraNa karatI haI zmazAna kI hI zreNI meM pahuMca rahI hai| una mandiroM kI dehalI rakta se rajita hokara yamaloka jaisI hI laga rahI hai / loga mana-mAMsa-parastrI-sevana, porI, beImAnI aura durAcAra meM saMlagna ho rahe hai|) uparyukta zlokoM meM saMsAra kA vaicitya mAlambana-vibhAva hai / logoM kI svAparAyaNatA, prajJAna, samAja meM vyabhicAra kI vRddhi ityAdi uddIpana vibhAva hai| 1. borokya, 315

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka mAna saMsAra ko dazA ko dekhakara duHkhI honA anubhAva hai| nirveda, jIvadayA bAdi vyabhipAribhAva haiN| (ga) vIrodaya meM zAntarasa kA tIsarA aura mahattvapUrNa sthala yaha hai, jahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hRdaya meM sthita 'zama' nAmaka sthAyI bhAva pUrNarUpeNa jAga uThatA hai : "zrImato varSamAnasya citte cintanamityabhUt / himAkrAntatayA STvA mlAnamambhoruhavrajam // bhuvane samdhajanuSaH kamalasyeva mArazaH / kSaNAdeva vipattiH syAtsampattimadhigacchataH / + + + kimanyarahamapyasmi vaJcito mAyayA'nayA / dhIvaro'pyambupUrAntaHpAtI yadiva jhNjhyaa| + + asminnahantayA'muSya poSakaM zoSakaM punaH / vAMchAmi saMharAnmetadevAnaryasya kAraNam // + + + vastreNa veSTitaH kasmAd brahmacArI ca sannaham / dambho yanna bhaverika bho brahmavatmanivASakaH / / + x . + vihAya manasA vAcA karmaNA sadanAzrayam / upamyahamapi prItyA sadA''nandanakaM vanam // + + vijanaM sa viraktAtmA gatvA'pyavijanAkulam / niSkapaTaravamukhatu paTAnujjhitavAnapi / / uccakhAna kacaughaM sa kalmaSopamamAtmanaH / maunamAlabdhavAnantaranveSTuM dasyusaMgraham // ' (zIta ke mAkramaNa se malina kAnti vAle kamaloM ke samUha ko dekhakara bhagavAn vardhamAna vicAra karane lagate haiM ki saMsAra meM kisI ke bhI Upara.prAne vAlI vipatti kA koI nizcita samaya nahIM hai| x x x jaise jala ke pravAha ke bIca jhaMjhAvata hai mAMdolita hokara mallAha iba jAtA hai, vaise hI buddhi se yukta hokara bhI maiM isa saMsAra kI mAyA se ThagA jA rahA huuN| x x x mahaGkAra, rAga aura + 1. bIrodaya, 11-26

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa -255 dveSa ko maiM samApta karanA cAhatA huuN| ye mere pranathaM kA kAraNa bana gae haiN| x x x yaha to merA dambha hI hai jo brahmacArI hokara maiM bastra dhAraNa kara rahA huuN| XXX aba maiM mana, bAraNI bhora karma se bhavanAveSTita nagara ko chor3akara sajjanoM ko zrAnanda dene vAle bana ko premapUrvaka jAtA hU~ ! x x x isa prakAra se virakta mana vAle bhagavAn ne bher3a ityAdi pazunoM se bhare hue jamarahita vana meM jAkara daMgambarI dIkSA le lii| apane kezoM ko ukhAr3a diyA prIra mIna dhAraNa kara liyA / ) ina zlokoM ke pranuzIlana se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki yahA~ saMsAra ko parivartanabolatA mAlamvanavibhAva hai| nirjeba, gati mAthi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| nagara mora vana meM samabuddhi rakhanA, vanagamana, vastraparisthAna, kezoM ko ukhAr3anA ityAdi anubhAva haiM yahA~ zAntarasa kA prAsvAdana karane meM bahavaya pAThaka ko koI bAdhA nahIM bIbI / (ga) sudarzanodaya meM barita zAnta rasa isa kAvya kA parizIlana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki isakA antima bhAga to zAnta rasa se yukta hai hI. sAtha hI bIca-bIca meM bhI zAnta rasa kI jhAMkI dekhane ko mila jAtI hai / prArambha se anta taka zAnta rasa ko anya rasoM se saMgharSa karanA par3A hai, aura isa saMgharSa meM vijaya zAnta rasa kI hI huI hai / 1 zAntarasa kA bIja kAvya kA vaha sthala hai, jahA~ para seTha vRSabhadAsa baigambarI dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiM / kapilA kI duSpravRtti para vijaya ke samaya vaha bIja aMkurita hone lagatA hai| rAnI prabhayamatI ke Upara vijaya ke samaya yaha aMkura paudhe kA rUpa le letA hai / manoramA kI preraNA rUpI jala se yaha paudhA siMcita ho jAtA hai / devadattA ghora paNDitAdAsI ko prabuddha karane ke pazcAt yaha paudhA eka vizAla bRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / isa samaya zAnta rasa nirvAdha rUpa se prAsvAdya ho bAtA hai / sudarzanodaya ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki isa kAvya meM cAra sthaloM para zAnta rasa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| eka sthala para seTha vRSabhavAsa zAntarasa ke prAya haiM, aura pranya sthaloM para sudarzana isa rasa kA zrAzraya hai| muniyoM kA upadeza, unakA darzana, saMsAra meM durAcaraNa ityAdi isa rasa ke uddIpana haiN| saMsAra kI parivartanazIlatA ghAlamvana-vibhAva hai| vanagamana, yativezadhAraNa karanA ityAdi anubhAva haiM / nirveda, mati ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva hai| sudarzanodaya meM varNita zAnta usa ke 3 uddharaNa prastuta haiM : -: bodaya 4 / 13-14

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana (ka) zAntarasa kA prAsvAdana sarvaprathama sahRdaya pAThaka vahA~ para karatA hai, jahA~ seTha vRSabhadAsa muni se dharmopadeza sunakara digambara- dIkSA lekara muni bana jAte haiM aura samasta bAhya bhADambaroM kA parityAga kara dete haiM : 256 | 'vAmeva kaumudI sAdhu-sudhAMzoramRtalavA / tathA vRSabhadAsasyAbhUmmoha timirakSatiH / / tamAzvinaM meSaharaM zritastadAdhipo'pi dAso vRSabhasya sampadAm / maravammonapadAya bhandatAM jagAma dRSTvA jagato'pyakandatAm // ' (ba) zAnta rasa kI prabhivyajanA karAne vAlA dUsarA sthala vaha hai, jahA~ rAnI ke durvyabahAra ke pazcAt apanI tejasvitA mora zakti ke kAraNa sudarzana rAjA dhAtrI vAhana ke zikaMje se bhI chUTa jAtA hai, rAjA ke samakSa virakti se paripUrNa vacana kahatA hai, dhIra udAsIna hokara nivRtti patha para calane kI icchA karatA hai / urat manobAMcA vaha apanI patnI manoramA ke sammukha vyakta karatA hai / manoramA se preraNA pAkara jinamandira jAtA hai, vahA~ vimalavAhana nAmaka munirAja ke darzanoM para vacanoM se prabhAvita hokara digambara muni bana jAtA hai| isa bAta meM sAdhvI manoramA bhI pIche nahIM rahatI, vaha bhI bAhya- mADambara tyAga kara prArthikA vrata ko dhAraNa kara letI hai : " mAyA mahatIyaM mohinI bhavabhAjo ho mAyA || bhavati prakRtiH samIkSaraNIyA. yahazagasya sadAyA / niSphalalateva vicArarahitA svalpapallavacchAyA // duritasamArambhaprAyA | mAyA mahatIyaM // samAzAsya yatIzAnaM na cAzA'sya yataH kvacit / punaH sa celAlaGkAraM nizcalAcAramabhyagAt // chAyeva taM sA'pyanuvartamAnA tathaiva sampAditasamvidhAnA / tasyaiva sAdhovaMcasaH pramAraNAjjanI januH sArthamiti bruvANA // zuklekavastraM pratipadyamAnA paraM samastopaSimujjhihAnA / manoramAbhUdadhuneyamAryA na nagnabhAvo'yamavAci nAryAH // " ( sAMsArika prANI ko yaha vimohita karane vAlI mAyA bahuta bar3I sampati ke samAna lagatI hai / jo vyakti isa mAyA ke vaza meM ho jAte haiM, unakA vyavahAra zocanIya ho jAtA hai| phaloM se rahita, pakSiyoM ke saMcAra se rahita prora thor3e pattoM ke kAraNa thor3I sI chAyA vAlI latA ke samAna mAyA ke vazIbhUta vyakti kI ceSTAeM niSphala, vicAra rahita, bor3e se puSpoM kA sampAdana karane vAlI aura pApa se pUrNa hotI haiN| XXX kyoMki isa sudarzana ke mana meM sAMsArika vastuoMoM ke '

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa prati jarA bhI mamatA nahIM raha gaI thI / mrataH usane isa pRthvI ke pramaGkArasvarUpa - munIzvara ke pAsa jAkara degambarI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| manoramA ne bhI chAyA ke samAna usakA anukaraNa kiyA, aura sudarzana ke samAna hI samasta vidhAnoM kA sampAdana kiyaa| unhIM munirAja ke vacanoM ko pramANa mAnakara usane apane nArI janma ko sArthaka kiyA / samasta parigraha ko chor3akara usane kevala eka zveta vastra dhAraNa karate hue prAyikA vrata ko dhAraNa kiyA kyoMki striyoM ke digambaratva kA niSedha hai / yahA~ para saMsAra kI niHsAratA zrAlambana-vibhAva hai / rAjA-rAnI kA vyavahAra, manoramA kI preraNA, vimalavAhana muni ke darzana bhora unake upadeza uddIpana vibhAva haiN| sAMsArikatA ke tyAga kA nizcaya, yativeza dhAraNa karanA, digambara bana jAnA, zvetavastra vAra karanA, prArthikA vrata dhAraNa karanA ityAdi anubhAva haiN| nirveda, mati dhRti ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiM / (ga) zAntarasa kI abhivyaJjanA karAne vAlA sthala vaha hai jahA~ rAnI abhayapatI jo ki vyantarI bana cukI hai - pudarzana se badalA lene pAtI hai / - vyantarI ke durvyavahAra kA sudarzana para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| sudarzana kA deha sambandhI mamatva pUrNarUpeNa samApta ho jAtA hai aura kevalyajJAna kI prApti ho jAtI hai : "prAtmanye vA''tmanA''tmAnaM cintayato'sya dhImataH / na jAtucidabhUllakSyastatkRtopadrave punaH // tyaktvA dehagata snehamAtmanye kAntato rataH / babhUvAsya tato nAzamagU rAgAdayaH kramAt // niHzeSato male naSTe naMmatyamadhigacchati / prAdarza iva tasyAtmanyakhilaM bimbitaM jagat / / nadIpo guNaratnAnAM jagatAmekadIpakaH / stutAnyanatayA'dhItaH sa niraJjanatAmaSAt ||"" 257 ( prAtmA meM hI apanI bAtmA dvArA paramAtmatattva kA cintana karate hue buddhimAna sudarzana kA dhyAna vyantarI ke upadravoM para jarA bhI nahIM gayA / zarIra sambandhI sneha ko chor3akara pranta meM vaha prAtmA meM hI loga ho gae / unake rAgAdi kramazaH naSTa ho gae / bisa prakAra malinatA ke naSTa ho jAne para darpaNa meM spaSTa pratibimba dikhAI detA hai, usI prakAra unakI karmarUpI mala se rahita mAtmA meM yaha jagat pratibimbita ho rahA thaa| guNarUpa ratnoM ke sAgara tInoM jagat ke ekamAtra prakAzaka, sarvabandha vaha sudarzana kevala jJAnI ho gae / ) 1. sudarzanodaya, 1183-86

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana yahA~ para tantrajJAna grAlamvana-vibhAva hai| sampUrNa mamatva kI samApti, prantaHkaraNa kA nirmala ho jAnA anubhAva haiM / (gha) zrIsamudradattacaritra meM varita zAntarasa -- zrIsamudradanacaritra kA prAyopAnta parizIlana karane se patA calatA hai ki isameM zAntarasa kA hI ekacchatra sAmrAjya hai / cauye sagaM se naveM sagaM taka hameM zAntarasa kI hI chaTA sarvatra dRSTigocara hotI hai| mukhya rUpa se zAntarasa kA prArambha vahA~ se hotA hai, jahA~ para rAjA aparAjita sarvArigraha kA tyAga karake digambara ho jAte haiN| rAjA cakAna ke sarvaparigraha tyAga karane para isa rasa kA pUrNa paripAka ho jAtA hai / 258 isa kAvya meM sAta sthAnoM para zAntarasa kI anubhUti hotI hai| inameM se eka sthala vaha hai jahA~ rAnI rAmadattA prArthikA vrata dhAraNa kara lenI hai| eka sthala para bhadramitra, eka sthala para micandra, eka sthala para rAjA aparAjita bhora tIna sthaloM para rAjA cakrAyudha isa rasa ke grAzraya | janma-maraNa kA cakra prAdi zrAlambana vibhAva haiN| priyajana kA nAza, muniyoM kA sadupadeza, vizvasanIyoM dvArA pratikUla AcaraNa, pUjya janoM kA yativeza dhAraNa karanA Adi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| zrArthikA vrata dhAraNa karanA, sampatti kA dAna kara denA, rAjya chor3akara vana jAnA, digambara- veza dhAragA karanA, rAgAdi se rahita honA Adi anubhAva haiM / zAntarasa ke 3 mahatvapUrNa sthala isa prakAra haiM :-- (ka) isa kAvya meM zAntarasa kI sundaraM prabhivyaJjanA usa sthala para huI hai, jahA~ rAjA aparAjita muni ke upadeza sarvaparigraha kA parityAga kara dete haiM : "kAnamalaM bhUtra tapasvinA zrIpihitAzraveNa / Rtutameva dharAtate'sya vasantanAmnA sumanohareNa // X X X veriverudAra: bhUte'nubhUte ma mudo'dhikAraH / udyAnapAlaka kukkuTe narAjita noka ivAgame // sametya pazcAdabhivandya pAjAnaH / parizravaH svasparamaM taM zrutvA videstridantaH // tato'tra bhogAcca bhavAdudAsIbhavanmahAtmA kRtakarAziH / vihAya dehAdakhilaM yadanyad dadho yathAjAtapadaM sa dhanyaH // 1 15 ( kAvya ke nAyaka cakrAyudha ke udyAna meM pihitAzrava nAmaka eka prabhAvazAlI muni kA Agamana hugrA / udyAna ke mAlI ke muMha se muni kA grAgamana sunakara cakrAyudha ke pitA prasanna hokara muni ke pAsa phuNce| jaba rAjA mraparAjita ne apane 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 6 // 31-36

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM bhAvapakSa 256 jIvana-maraNa ke viSaya meM muni se sunA, to unakA hRdaya virakti se bhara utthaa| unhoMne sabhI sAMsArika padArthoM kA parityAga kara diyA, aura hiMgambara muni bana gae / ) yahA~ janma-maraNa kA cakra pAlambana vibhAva hai| muni ke darzana mora unake vacana uddIpana-vibhAva / sarvaparigraha tyAga kara muniveza dhAraNa karanA anubhAva hai| harSa, nirveda, mati ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| (kha) kAvya kA nAyaka cakrAyudha eka dina darpaNa meM mukha dekhate samaya apane zira para eka sapheda bAla dekha letA hai| phalasvarUpa vaha saMsAra aura isa sAMsArika jIvana kI niHsAratA ke viSaya meM socane lagatA hai aura apanA rAjya apane putra ko dekara vana prasthAna karatA hai : "rucikare mukure mukha muddharannaya kadApi sa cakrapurezvaraH / kamapi dezamudIkSya tadAsitaM samavadadyamadUtamivoditam / / nanu jarA pRtanA yamabhUpatemaMma samIpamupaJcitumIhate / bagadAdhikRtaha tadagrataH zucinizAnamudeti pradobata // taruNimopavanaM sumanoharaM dahati yacchamanAgnirataH parama / bhavati bhasmakaleva kilAsako palitanAmatayA samudAsako / paramabhAvasaJcitasampadA paramabhAvavazaM kalayan hRdaa| payuje'tyajannijavaibhavaM pratividhAtumudIya sarvabhavam // pariNagivAjayituM sa navaM dhanaM gaja iba prabhavezca na bandhanaH / sadanataH pracacAla vanaM prati bhavitumatra tu pUrNatayA yatiH // "' uparyakta sthala para saMsAra kI parivartanazIlatA pAlambana-vibhAva hai| zira para zveta keza dikhAI denA uddIpana vibhAva hai| rAjya chor3akara vana ko basa denA anumAna hai| nirveda mati ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| () vana jAne ke pazcAt cakAyudha ne aparAjita muni ke darzana kie| unake pavanoM ko sunakara usane samasta bAhya vastuoM kA parityAga kara diyaa| usakA mantaHkaraNa bhI dhIre-dhIre nirmala ho gyaa| zarIra se virakta usane saMyama kI zuddhi ke lie mayUrapicchI kI paura zauca ke lie kamaNDalu ko nirvikAra bhAva se grahaNa kara liyA / tyAga aura bairAgya se usane sabhI karmoM ko apane se dUra kara diyaa| anta meM use kaivalya kI prApti ho gii| "iti guroriva gAruDino'pyahivaMcanamabhyupagamya napo bhiH| jhagitikaMcukamukhyamapAkarodgaramivAntaramapyAMnA sa hi // 1. bIsamudrarattacaritra, 7 // 1-23

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260 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya yathAjAtapadaM lebhe parityajyAkhilaM bahiH / zarIrAcca viraktaH sannantarAtmatayA sa hi // picchAM saMyamazuddhyarthaM zaucArtha ca kamaNDalum / nirviNNAstastayA dadhe nAnyatkiJcinmahAzayaH // paTena pariharaNo'pi bahuniSkapaTo'bhavat / prabhUSaNatvamavyApto bhuvo bhUSaraNatAM gataH // eka adhyayana nAmanudbhavAM cakre purAputintu zodhayan / zastravedya ivAto'bhUtsadya evAvRteH kSayaH // cakrIva cakreNa sudarzanena ya zrAtmazaJjitavAn zubhena / cakrAyudhaH kevalirAT sa tena pAyAdapAyAd dharaNItale naH // 1 yahAM para vastutattva kA jJAna prAlambana-vibhAva hai / guru ke vacana uddIpanavibhAva haiN| sampUrNa parigraha kA parityAga manubhAva hai| nirveda, mati, jIvadayA ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiM / (Ga) dayodaya- campU meM varNita zAntarasa isa kAvya kA antima bhAga zAntarasa se yukta hai / samasta rasoM ko pariNati zAnta rasa meM usI prakAra huI hai. jisa prakAra samasta nadiyoM kI pariNati samudra meM hotI hai / ataH zAnta rasa ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kAvya kA yahI pratima bhAga prastuta hai apane prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke kAraNa somadatta ne seTha kI putrI viSA rAjakumArI guNamAlA aura prAdhA rAjya prApta kara liyaa| eka dina rAjakArya ke pazcAt jaba vaha ghara prAyA to usane aura viSA ne eka munirAja ko dekhaa| donoM ne unako yathocita sammAna diyaa| muni ke viraktipUrNa vacanoM se prabhAvita hokara, somadatta ne sAMsArika mohamAyA kA parityAga kara diyaa| samasta bAhyavastuoM kA parityAga karake vaha digambara muni bana gyaa| biSA ne bhI pati kA anukaraNa kiyaa| usane praura vasantasenA vaizyA ne bhI virakta hokara prAyikA vrata dhAraNa kara liyA : "yAvacca samAjagAma rAjakArtha kRtvA tAvadeva suketu nAmA munizvaryA paryAyapariNato pithamagAt / yatiH pravasaramupetya vacoguptimatItya bhASAsamitimavalambitavAn"graho saMsArakAntAre catuSpathasamanvite / mArgatrayantu saMruddhamatIva duratikrama: :: 1. zrI samudradattacaritra, 850, 61-30 ----

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM bhAvapakSa 21 na bhavo nAma pantha ko'ntya bhI prasthAnadAyakaH / . tasbhizcendriya saMjJAnAM luNTakAnAmupakramaH // " (yaha saMsAra eka bhayAnaka jaGgala ke samAna hai, isameM praveza karane ke lie cAra mArga haiM / inameM se to mArga ko prane ka upadravoM se abaruddha haiN| manuSya janma nAmaka vo cauthA mArga hai, vaha prabhI sthAna para banA sakatA hai : kintu usameM bhI coroM ke samAna indriyaviSayoM kA upadrava hotA hI rahatA hai|) iti sAdhusudhAMzovaMcanAmRtaM potvA svAsthyamupalabhamAno viSopayogasajAtamohato rahitaH sannakhilAnupAdhiprakArAnatItya yathAjAtarUpatAmanujagrAha somadattaH / somadattazatyAnubhAvamatItya tapodhanaprasaGgeNa vikAsamAzritavatI kamalinIva tapasi cittaM cakAra / ....... viSA- vasantasene ekameva zATa mAtravizeSamAryAvratama GgIcakratuH / "' yahAM para somadatta, vipA aura vasannasenA zAntarasaH ke prAzraya haiM / vastutatva kA jJAna pAlambanavibhAva hai| RSirAja ke vacana, unako vezabhUSA uddIpana vibhAva hai| sAMsArika padArthoM ko chor3akara muni bananA anubhAva hai / nirveda, harSa pora mati ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| (ca) zrI jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM aGgarasa kavivara zrIjJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyo meM pAta rasa ke aGgarasoM ke rUpa meM anya rasoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| aba pApa unake kAvyoM meM variNata hone vAle rasoM kA avalokana kIjie :bayodaya mahAkAvya meM variNata aGgarasa-- ___ jayodaya meM zAnta kI puSTi hetu jina anya rasoM kA varNana hai, ve isa prakAra haiM :-zaGgAra, vIra, rodra. hAsya, bIbhatsa aura vatsala rasa / praba kramazaH sodAharaNa ye rasa prastuta haiM :zaGgAra rasa jayodaya mahAkAvya meM isa rasa ko abhivyakti 6 sthaloM para hai| prAyaH kavi ne saMyoga zaGgAra kI hI abhivyakti karAI hai| kAvya ke nAyaka jayakumAra mora nAyikA sulocanA isa rasa ke paraspara mAlambana mora mAzraya haiN| svayaMvara-mapa, jayakumAra aura sulocanA kA anya logoM kI apekSA adhika guNoM se sampanna honA, ekAnta, candrodaya ityAdi uddIpana 1. yogyacampU, 7 zloka 17 ke bAda se moka 38 ke pUrva tk|

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262 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana vibhAva hai| stambhita honA, romAJcita honA prAdi anubhAva hai| lajjA, barSa, pAvega ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| aba isake kucha uddharaNa bhI prastuta hai : (ka) svayaMvara-maNDapa meM sthita kAvya kI nAyikA salocanA ke haNya meM sthita ratibhAva kaise zaGgAra-rasa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, kavi ke zabdoM meM dekhie : "hRdagatamasyA dayitaM na tu prayAtuM zazAka tatrAbhi / samyaka kRtastadAnIM tayAkSiNa lajjeti janasAkSI / / bhUyo virarAma kara: priyonmukhassan sraganvitastasyAH / pratyAyayo ganto'pyardhapathAccapalatAlasyAt / / mabhyayo bhavati pumAnityeva vizeSazinImanu mAm / svIkRtavatI sthale'trApyutpala vijigISu madunetrA // modakamiti tu jayamukhaM sakhyAsyaM sUpakalpitaM tAhaka / rasitavatI sAmi punaH kSudhite vasulocanA yAdRk / / ityatra kumudvatyAH kara indIvarasamAlatayA sphItaH / nanu saMdhyayeva sakhyA jayasya mukhacandramanunItaH / / tasyorasi kamprakarA mAlAM bAlA lilekha natavadanA / mAtmAGgIkaraNAkSaramAlAmiva nizcalAmadhunA / / sampulakitAMgayaSTerudgIrvANIva rejire tAni / romANi bAlabhAvAda varazriyaM draSTa mutkAni / ' svayaMvara-maNDapa meM jayakumAra ko dekhakara sulocanA apanI dRSTi ko lauTA pAne meM samartha nahIM hotii| vaha jI bharakara jayakumAra ko dekhatI hai| priya kI mora unmukha jayamAlA se susajjita usakA hAtha ruka jAtA hai| dhIre-dhIre vaha apanA hAtha jayakumAra ko prora bar3hAtI hai, lajjA ke bhAra se jhukakara mAlA ko jayakumAra ke vakSa para DAla detI hai| usakA zarIra romAJcita ho jAtA hai| (kha) jayodaya mahAkAvya meM zuGgAra rasa kI abhivyaJjanA karAne vAlA dUsarA spala vaha hai, jahA~ para jayakumAra maura sulocanA ko vivAha-maNDapa meM viThAyA jAtA hai : "mabhavadapi parasparaprasAdaH punarubhayoriha toSapoSavAdaH / upasi diganurAgiNoti pUrvA ravirapi hRSTabapuvido vidurvA / nandIzvaraM samprati devateba pikAGganA cUtakasUtameva / basvokasArAmivAna sAkSIkRtyAzu santaM mumude mRgaakssii|| 1. bayodayA 4120-126

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa 263 pradhyAtmavidyAmiva bhavyavandaH sarojarAji madhurA milindaH / . prItyA po so'pi ta kA sagoragAtrI yathA candrakalAM cakoraH // "" jayakumAra praura sulocanA eka dUsare ko dekhakara parama santuSTa haiM / sulocanA jayakumAra ko dekha kara vaise hI santuSTa huI, jase ziva jI ko dekhakara pArvatI, prAma ke bora (prAmrapura) ko dekhakara koyala gora mUrya ko dekhakara kamalinI prasanna hotI hai| jaise sajjana yAtmavidyA ko, bhramara sundara kamaloM kI paMkti ko paura cakora pakSI candrakalA ko dekhate haiM, usI prakAra jayakamAra ne bhI premapUrvaka gauravaNaM vAlI sulocanA ko dekhaa| yahAM para jayakumAra praura sulocanA zaGgAra-rasa ke pAlamvana aura pAzraya haiM. vivAha-mADA, donoM kA saundayaM evaM guNa aura ekAnna uddIpana vibhAva hai| kaTAkSa ityAdi anubhAva haiM, harSa, utkaNThA ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| jayodaya mahAkAvya meM zaGgAra rasa ke anya bhI uddharaNa dekhane ko milate haiN| kintu vistAramaya se isake ve sabhI udAharaNa nahIM die jA rahe haiN| zuGgAra zAnta kA praGga-- jayodaya mahAkAvya meM variNata zaGgAra rasa sAmanta kI bhAMti zAnta rasa rUpa samrATa kA sahAyaka siddha hotA hai / jisa prakAra nadI prapanA kSetra samApta hone para samudra meM vilIna ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra zRGgAra-rasa bhI apanA kAryakSetra pAra karake zAnta rasa meM hI antarbhUta ho jAtA hai| yaha pahala hI kahA jA cukA hai ki papradhAna evaM sahAyaka rasoM ko sAhityazAstra meM praGgarasa kahA jAtA hai| prataH isa kAvya meM zaGgAra rasa bhI zAntarasa kA aGga hai| pIrarasa ____jayodaya mahAkAvya meM vIragsa kI abhivyakti do sthaloM para hotI hai / donoM hI sthaloM para vIrarasa kA prAzraya yuddhavIra jaya kumAra hai| isa rasa kA pAlambana hai -pratIti / parva kIti kI adhikAra ce, usakA dambha, yuddha ke lie haTha ityAdi uddIpana vibhAva haiN| yuddha ke lie senA sAnA ityAdi manubhAva haiM / pati, mati, gavaM, tarka romAJca ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva hai| yuddhavIrarasa kA prathama sthala vahA~ hai, jahA~ para prakIti yuddha karane kI ThAna letA hai, para usakA krodha kisI prakAra kama nahIM hotaa| aise samaya meM jayakumAra prakampana ko dhayaM baMdhAkara yuddha karane ke lie tatpara ho jAte haiM, unako dekhA-dekhI rAjA prakampana bhI apane eka hajAra putroM ke sAtha yuddha hetu utsAhasampanna hokara 1. jayodaya, 10 / 118-120

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264 cala dete haiN| pratya rAjA bhI jayakumAra kI madada ke lie zrA jAte haiM / astrazastroM se susajjita hokara jayakumAra kI senA yuddha ke lie prasthAna karatI hai : (ka) somasUnurucinAM dhanurlatAM yaH punaH pravara iSyate satAm / zrIkare ca karabAraNabhUSitAM zuddhavaMzajanitAM guNAnvitAm || - mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- - eka adhyayana - tatra hemasahitAGgadAdibhiH svaH sahasratanayaiH surADabhIH / nirjagAma sutarAmakampanastatsahAya marivarga kampanaH / / zrIrAma hRtsuketukA devakIrtijayavarma kAvakAt / dUragAnayara yotyasamma dAssadvalena jayamanvayuttadA / / - svI bAhubalagavitA bhujAsphoTanena parivartitasrajAH / sambabhUvuradhipAH sadojasaH baddhasannahanakAH kilaMkazaH // nirgame'sya paTahasya niHsvanaH vyAnaze nabhasi satvaraM ghanaH / yena bhUbhRdubhayasya bhImayaH kampamApa khalu sattvasaMcayaH / / sattaraGgamaturaGgamaJjulA nirmaladhvaja niphenavaculAH / mattavAraNamadapravAhinI niryayau jayanRpasya bAhinI // 1 (kha) vIrarasa kA dUsarA sthala vahA~ hai, jahA~ jayakumAra mora prakaMkIti kA paraspara yuddha hotA hai :-- "bamUsamUhAbatha mUrtimanto parAparAdho hi puraH sphurantI / niletumekatra samIhamAno saMjagmaturgarjanayA pradhAno || sAdhye kilAlasyakalAM nihantuM nizamya menApatizAsanantu / pratADayattatpaTahaM vipazcitkRtAgasazcittamivAzu kazcit // - 1. jayodaya 7 / 85- 100 savegamAkrAntatamAzca vIrainiSedhikAmAhurivAtha SIraiH / pratidhvAnavidhAnajanyAM rajasvalAH samprati dakSakanyAH // samudayayo sagajagaM gajasthaH pattiH padAti rathinaM rathasthaH / bhavasthito'zvAdhigataM samiddhaM tulyapratidvandvi babhUva yuddham / 1 mataGgajAnAM gurugA jitena jAtaM prahRSyad hayaha Sitena / prayo ravAnAmapi cIskRtena channaH praraNAdaH paTahasya kena //

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mahAkavimAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranyoM meM bhAvapakSa 261 vIrazriyaM tAvadito varItuM bhartu vyaM pAyAvayavA tarotum / bhaTAgraNI prAgapi candrahAsayaSTi galAlakRtimAratavAn saH // nipAtayAmAsa bhaTaM dharAyA meka: puna: sAhasitAmathAyAt / sa taM gRhItvA padayozca joSaM prokSiptavAnvAyupathe saroSam / / jayecchurAdUSitavAnvipakSaM pakSaM pramANaH pravarNaH sadakSaH / hetAvupAttapratipattiratra zasdaizca zAstrarapi somaputraH // yadAzugasthAnamitaH sa dhIraH prANapraNetA jydevviirH| marAtivargastuNatAM babhAra tadAya kASThAdhigataprakAraH // urIcakArAvakalaGkalo'pi parijayaM nAma rathaM jayo'pi / kharo'dhvanA gacchati yena sUryastenaiva somo'pi sudhauSadhuryaH / / rapasAdayasArasAkSirandhapatinA samprati nAgapAzabaDhaH / / zuzubhe'pyazubhena cakrituktattamasAsantamasArireva bhuktaH // prastudarkaciccinto jayazca vijayAnvitaH / jano'bhijanasamprApto vartamAnAbhidhAnataH // "" prastuta padya paMktiyoM meM jayakumAra ke hRdaya meM vidyamAna utsAha nAmaka sthApita bhAva, yuddhabhUmi, prakIti ko yuddhaviSayaka ceSTAmoM se uddIpta hokara para vibhinna rItirUpa anubhAva se prakaTa hokara, pati, mati, gavaM ityAdi vitarita bhAvoM se paripuSTa hokara vIrarasa ko sandara abhivyaJjanA karA rahA hai| vIra zAnta kA aMga vIrarasa bhI jayodaya kAvya meM zAnta rasa ko apekSA pradhAna hai| bAda rasa ke samakSa isakI vaha sthiti hai jo samudra ke samakSa eka sarovara kI hotI hai| ataH yaha rasa zAnta kA maGga rasa hai / rota rasa jayodaya mahAkAvya meM raudra-rasa kI abhivyaMjanA eka spana para hai| kAmya kA pratinAyaka makoti isa rasa kA mASaya hai| jayakumAra isake bAlapaNa vibhAva haiM / jayakumAra ke gale meM sulocanA dvArA jayamAlA DAlanA, saMsala, manavavamati kA samajhAnA ityAdi uddIpana-vibhAva hai| netroM kA sAno pAlA apanI vIratA kI prazaMsA karanA, jayakumAra ke viruddha yuddha kI taiyArI karatAbAveka, 1. bayodaya, 81-85

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266 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana mada, prAkSepa, krUradRSTi ityAdi anubhAva haiN| moha. ugratA, zramarSa ityAdi myabhicAribhAva haiM sulocanA ne svayaMbara-maNDapa meM baiThe hue anya rAjAoM ko chor3akara jayakumAra ke gale meM jayamAlA DAla dii| prakIti ke sevaka durmarSaraNa ko jayakumAra kI pratiSThA sahana nahIM hotA / vaha pIne kI unakI pada-pratiSThA kA smaraNa karAtA hai / use bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke vacana kahakara uttejita karatA hai| jayakumAra dhaura prakampana mahArAja kI nindA karatA hai| phenamvarUpa prarkakIti kruddha ho jAtA hai, mora jayakumAra aura grakampana se kara ThAna letA hai / vaha jayakumAra aura prakampana ke viruddha yuddha kI taiyArI kara letA hai / granavadyamati nAma ke maMtrI ke samajhAne kA bhI usa para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| usakI icchA ko jAnakara rAjA prakampana apanA dUta usake pAsa bhejate haiM, lekina vaha Tasa se masa nahIM hotA : "kalyAM samAkalayyagrAmenAM bharatanandanaH / raktanetro janAdeva vabhUva kSIvatAM gataH // dahanasya prayogeNa tasyetyaM dAruNeGgitaH / dagdhazcakrisuto vyaktA zraGgArA hi tato giraH || --- rAjJAmAjJAmavaze vazyaM vazyo'yaM bho punaH svayam / nAzaM kAzIprabhoH kRtvA kanyAM dhanyAmihAnayet // 'nAnumene manAgeva tatthyamitthaM zucervacaH / krUrazcakrisuto yadvat payaH pittajvarAturaH // sAghAraNadharAdhIzAn jitvApi sa jayaH kRtaH / dvipendro na mRgendrasyasu tena tulanAmiyAt // mosulocanayAno'rtho vyarthameva na pauruSam / ithaM bhAvavirodhArtha karmazarmavatAM mataH // yatyaya sadapatyate jasA sArpitA kamalamAlikA'JjasA / mUcchinAstu na jAnanedunA tAvatArkakarataH kilA munA // sAmprataM sukhalatAprayojanAt pazya yasya tanujA surocanA / vAzAM varadaraGgataH prabhu dUta re vRSabha ityasAvabhUt / / "" 1. jayodaya 7 / 17-65

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara satanAvamA 267 rojagAta kApA bayodaya mahAkAya meM raudra rasa eka gauNa sa yaha zAnta rasa kA par3A hai| ma meM visa mAna hai, prataH hAsya-rasa jayogya mahAkAla meM eka svama para hAsya rasa kI bhI jhalaka dikhAI par3atI hai, aura vaha sthala hai-jayakumAra ke vivAha meM pAe hue barAtiyoM kA svAgata / udAharaNa rUpa meM kucha hAsa-parihAsa prastuta haiM : "pa kazcana nAyanAmavaMzasamayasyApi samIyate'vataMsaH / parihAsabobhireva panyAnnijabAsIbhirabhojamA sajanyAn // prayi cetasi jemanotivAraH sakalaNyamjanamodanASikAram / sucipAtramidaM kayetpamuktAH sahasA agdhi vidhI tu te miyuktAH / / sphaTikocitabhAjane janena phalitAyA yubate: samAdareNa / urasi praNidhAya modakoktAhatiyaM niyamaditaM kareNa / tava sanmukhamasmyahaM pipAsuH suratItyaM gaditApi mugdhikAca // kalazI samupAharatu yAvasmitapuSpariyamapitApi tAvat // mama maNDakamehi tAvadAle'sti kalAkandamapi pravehi nAle / baTakaM ghaTakalpasastanauta: kaTakaM saTakaddadhAmi pItaH / / masurocitamAhvayAmi bAle sarasaM myambanamatra bhuktikAme / madhuraM rasatAt payodharAmadhunA hAramimaM na ki kalAkam // upapIDanato'smi tambi bhAvAnubhUSNustakakAmrakAmratA vaa| bata vImata cUSaNena bhAninniti sA prAha va cuutdaashubhaanggo|| ki pazvasvayi saMraserapi na ki no rocakaM vyaJcanaM tambI mavaNAdhikaM sanu tapAkArIti no rajanam / tasmAtsammati sarvato mukhamahaM yAce pipAsAkusaH / mAmAbhUsmitavArimuka punaritaH svedena sa vyAkulaH / / ' yahA~ bArAta meM pAe hue bArAtiyoM pora kanyApakSa kI mahilAmoM ke bIca bhojana ke samaya hone vAle hAsa-parihAsa se kavi ne hAsya rasa kI abhivyaJcanA karAI hai| 1. bayogya, 12 // 122-14.

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268 mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke kAmpa-eka adhyayana hAsya zAnta kA praGga __jayodaya mahAkAvya meM varNita hAsya rasa, isameM gaNita zaGgAra rasa kA maGga hai, aura zaGgAra rasa zAnta kaa| prataH hama hAsya ko zAmta kA maja rasa usI prakAra mAna sakate haiM jaise zarIra kA eka praGga hAtha hai, aura uMgaliyA~ hApa kA maGga / isa prakAra hAsyarasa isa kAvya meM varNita zumAra ko pUrA karatA hai, maz2Ara zAnta kA poSaka hai, hAssa bhI zRGgAra ke sAtha ho zAnta kA poSaka hone ke kAraNa usakA mana hai| bImatsa rasa jayodaya mahAkAvya meM bIbhatsa rasa kI abhivyaJjanA karAne vAlA kevala eka sthala hai, vaha bhI bahuta choTA hai| jayakumAra mora prakIti ke bIca meM hone vAle yuddha meM, jahAM giddha zavoM kA mAMsa nikAlakara khA rahe haiM, vIbhatsa rasa kI prabhipaJjanA ho rahI hai : "carAzca phUtkAraparAH zavAnAM prANA ivAbhUH paritaH pratAnAH / pitsansapakSAH pizitAzanAyAyAntastadAnIM samarovarAyAm // " bayodaya mahAkAvya meM vatsala rasa kA varNana cAra sthaloM para milatA hai| inameM se tIna sthala prastuta haiM : (ka) vatsala rasa kI jhalaka hameM sarvaprathama vahA~ para dekhane ko milatI hai, vahA~ jayakumAra vijayI hokara lauTate haiN| taba mahArAja prakampana ne apanI puSI sulocanA ko vAtsalyapUrNa dRSTi se vrata kI pAraNA karane kA mAdeza diyA : "IzaM saMgarasaMcitAbahataye samyaksamAvarAva, putrIM prekSitavAn punama durazA kAzIvizAmIzvaraH / pAhAreNa vinA vinAyakaparaprAntasthito bhaktito jalpantImaparAjitaM hRdi mudA mantra mussaantaapNtH| vIrANAM varadeva eva varade netA vijetAnavada zrI pahaccaraNAravindApayAmIna vAtaM tv| - maunaM muna manISimAnini muSA sAmAramamattamAna tAmitthaM samudI dhAma matavAn sAtavAsampanaH / " yahA~ para sulocanA vatsala rasa kA mAlambana hai| bunocanA bArA kie gae vrata, pUjA ityAdi kA uddIpana vibhaav| sasneha sAta ityAdibanubhAva hai| harSa, gavaM ityAdi bhivArimAva hai| 1. jayogya, 84. 2. vahI, 8187-60

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saha-pa 269 bassala-esa kA dvitIya sthala vaha hai, jahAM sulocanA kI vidA ho rahI "ma bamnapi kAzikApatirvasaturmukhamo mahAmatiH / zirasi sphuTamamatAmbarI dupakurvannayanodarkaH pakSI // nagarI va garIba vinirgamamerIvizvasya vammataH / rent tent fruits: sumeva tadAzu bubhubhe / / p- samaye nama etacAturaM na niyagavisarjane param / lalanA mana erence taba niryoga visarjane param / meet naatfor freesI vyavahArI vyabahAra evaM bhoH // vi yAhi ca pUjyapUjayA svayamasthAnapi ca prakAzaya / janamatalAte hama vo jitAn // "" yahA~ sulocanA ke mAtA pitA, baslama esa ke prAzraya hai| sulocanA mAlambana vibhAga hai| usakA patigRhanagara uddIpanavibhAva hai / sasneha raSTipAta, romA, pAnA, svarabhaGga ityAdi anubhAva hai| harSa, vivAda, bhAvena, moha ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva hai / (ga) jayozya mahAkAvya meM paslala dasa kA tusIya udAharaNa vaha sthala hai, jahA~ para jayakumAra samrAT bharata se milane jAte hai : "kalpabahiladalayoH zritaM tayoH sadyojAnaphanopalambhayoH / pANiyugmamani pahilo jayasamuniro'bhyupAnayat / / upalambhitamityayopakatu hRdayenAbhyudayena nAma bhartuH / upapadivodaya bhUbhUtastaTe tacchazivibhvaM jayadevavakrametat // hastAvalambanabalena kilopalabhya prAgAliliGga galataH praNataM sasabhyaH / sarvasvamUpamiti tulyatayA nijasya kucchritaM laghumapIha janaH prazasthaH // hRSite'vaniyatAvabhAvAdvAmpavAgamanato'tra tathA vA / dhAmanopakaraNavyapadeza dullavAsa sahasAvanireSA | tadAsamaM tatra tathA samamvAzritaM zritasphItijayasya tamyA / zApi saMsparddhana saMspRNApi zrIpAdapIThaM mahanIyamApi // marIvinivRtyetarataH jayamukhakamale tiSThatkramata: / rasitumatithisatkaraNa phalamyAvapakSiNI ca nRpateravilambAt // nayanatAraka mesyupakAraka suhRda prAgraja vairinivAraka / " svajana sajjanayo. paricAraka cirAt prAvrajasi kva zayAnakaH / / ' 1. jayodaya, 13 / 2-3, 6-10 2. bahI, 2013-16

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mahAnagara ke eka ana yahA~ para umrA bharata vana rasa ke bAda hai| jayakumAra bAlapana hai| unakI zUravIratA, gyAyapriyatA, prabhAvazAlI vyaktisya ityAdi uddIpana vibhAva hai| jayakumAra kA grAliGgana, premapUrvaka unheM dekhanA, romAnya ityAdi anubhAva hai| havaM prAvega, garma ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva hai / vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM bali 270 vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM kevala sIma rasa, adbhuta rasa dhIra barasana rs| ye hImI ho ra hai| narama-rasa kI parikSati sAntara meM huI hai| aGga-rasa ke rUpa meM upasthita hue hai| rakhI kA varNana milatA hai-hAsya sAmA-rasa kI apekSA prapradhAna isalie tInoM hI sAta rasa ke bImI rakhI kA zrIvAhacyA varNana prastuta hAsya rasa bIrIbana mahAkAvya meM hAsya rasa milatA hai| devana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke puramA rahe the, mArga meM iAdeva ke airAvata hAthI ne pUrva kI kama sUMDa se uThA liyA, para usakI use chor3a bhI diyaa| usa peTa:-- "ravidhi punarAvadam / taztatavAsamuravajanmamaya sukham ||1 vahA~ para dezabhara ke bhAva hai| airAvata hAthI vAlambana vibhAva usakI jampUrNa ceSTA nadIpanavibhAva hai kA eka para pratyaya varNana mAnava hetumaNDa kara apanI kA anubhava karake sUDa ko hilAkara bIrabana mahAkAvya meM adbhuta rasa kA darzana tI tInoM sthaloM para hai, lekina tInoM hI sthaloM para unakI mAtrA prayatna hai| do sthala udAharaNa rUpa meM prastuta 1. vIrodaya, 7 10 2. bahI, 501 (ka) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbhAvataraNa ke near more meM sUrya ko parAbhUta karane vAlA eka aisA prakAza dikhAI diyA, jise logoM me praznabharI dRSTi se dekhA : "werbhavada yoni mahAprakAzaH sUryAtitAnI sahasA tathA saH kimetaditvaM hRvi kAmAba: kurvan janAmA pracalatprabhAva: // 3 yahA~ para adbhuta rasa kA prAzraya hai-- kuNDalapura kA janasamUha / prAkAza meM efuntcara hone vAlA prakAza-puJja] prAlambanavibhAva hai| usakI manAyAsa upasthiti

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana 271 uddIpana vibhAva hai| kutUhalapUrvaka dekhanA anubhAva hai| vitarka aura bhAvega vyabhicAribhAva haiN| (kha) adbhuta rasa kI abhivyaJjanA karAne vAlA eka sthala vaha hai, jahA~ samavazaraNa maNDapa meM bhagavAn kI divyavibhUti dekhakara gautama indrabhUti ke mana meM tarka-vitarka hotA hai :-- "ityevametasya satI vibhUti sa vedavedAGgavidindrabhUtiH / janainizamyAsvanite nijIye prapUrayAmAsa vicArahUtim // vedAmbudheH pAramitAya mahyaM na sambhavo'dyAvadhi jAtu yeSAm / tadujjhitasyAgrapadaM ta evaM bhAvA bhaveyuH smayasUtireSA / cacAla draSTuM tadatiprasaGgamityevamAzcaryaparAntaraGgaH / sa prApa devasya vimAnabhUmi smayasya cAsInmatimAnabhUmiH / / rebhe punazcintayituM sa eSa zabdeSu vedasya kutaH pravezaH / zAnAtmanazcAtmagato vizeSaH saMlabhyatAmAtmani saMstute saH / / mayA'mbudhemadhyamatItya vIra evAdya yAvatkalitaH samIraH / kuto'stu muktAphalabhAvarIterutAvakAzo mama sampratIteH / / muhastvayA sampaThitaH kinA''tman vede'pi sarvajaparista (?)vastu / mArAmamAparyaTato bahistaH, kiM saupanasyAdhigatiH samastu // "" (isa prakAra kI bhagavAn ko divyabhUti ke viSaya meM logoM se sunakara vedabAGga kA jJAtA indrabhUti brAhmaNa apane mana meM isa prakAra socane lgaa| vedazAstra kA jJAtA hue bhI mujhe grAja taka isa prakAra kI divyabhUti nahIM milI, isake viparIta vedajJAna se rahita vIra ke sAmane yaha sampUrNa vibhUti vidyamAna hai, yaha pAzcaryajanaka bAta hai| adhika soca-vicAra karane se kyA lAbha ? yaha socakara pratyadhika prAzcaryAnvita hRdaya vAlA indrabhUti bhagavAn ke vaibhava ko dekhane ke lie pala par3A / bhagavAn ke divya samavazaraNa maNDapa ko dekhakara usakA abhimAna naSTa ho yA mora usako pratyadhika prAzcayaM huaaa| vaha punaH socane lagA--ina zabdoM meM kA praveza kaise saMbhava hai ? jJAna kI prApti to prAtmA kI vizeSatA hai aura usakI prApti mAtmA kI stuti karake hI ho sakatI hai| maiMne samudra ke bIca meM jAkara bhI usake tIravI vAyu kA hI sevana kiyA hai / jJAnarUpI samudra meM gotA lagAe binA merI buddhi ko muktA rUpI jIvana kI saphalatA kaise mila sakatI hai / he mana ! tumane bahuta bAra veda meM bhI sarvajJa kI stuti ko pddh'aa| lekina tuma jJAna rUpa ucAna . bAhara hI ghUmate rahe / udyAna ke bAhara ghUmane se kyA usake andara vidhamAna puSpoM kI prApti saMbhava hai ? prataH tumane abhI taka pathArtha jJAna prApta nahIM kiyaa|) 1. vIrodaya, 13325-30

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana yahA~ para gautama indrabhUti pradbhuta rasa kA prAzraya haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra bAlambana-vibhAva haiN| unakI divyabhUti uddIpana vibhAva hai / bhagavAn kI vibhUti kA kAraNa jAnane kI jijJAsA anubhAva hai / vitarka, bhAvega ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva hai| 272 -E bIrodaya mahAkAvya meM vatsala rasa kA varNana do sthaloM para milatA hai| donoM sthala udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM : -- (ka) barasala rasa kI abhivyaJjanA kavi dvArA sarvaprathama vahA~ hotI hai, jahA~ jivakAralI rAtri meM dekhe gae solaha-svapnoM ke viSaya meM rAjA ko batAtI hai / rAjA siddhArtha prasanna hokara use batAtA hai ki aise svapna putrotpatti ke pUrva dekhe jAte hai, ataH vaha eka lokavizruta putra ko janma degii| svapnoM kA artha jAnakara eft fkAriNI bhI pratyadhika prasanna hotI hai : -- "pRthvInAtha : pRthu kathanAM phullapAyojanetro prokta pratisupRthuprothayA tIthaMrUpAm / zrutvA tathyAmavikalafgirA harSaNa mantharAGga itthaM tAvatprathayatitarAM svAtha manmaGgalArthAm // tvaM tAvadIkSitavatI zayane'pyananyAM svapnAvali tvanuvari pratibhAsi dhanyA / bho bho prasannavadane phalitaM tathA syAH kahAnIha zRNu maJjunamaM mamA''syAt // prakalaGkAlaGkArA subhage debAgamArthamanavadyam / gamayantI sannayataH kilA''ptamImAMsitAkhyA vA // lokatraye katilako bAlaka utphullanalinanayane'dya / ubare tavAvatarito hoGgitamiti santanotIdam / / X X X ! putra iti bhUtrayAdhipo nizcayena tava tIrthanAyakaH / garbha iSTa iha va satAM kvacinsvapnavandamaphalaM na jAyate // ! vANImitya manoSamaGgalamayI mAkaNyaM sA svAmino vAmazca mahIpatermatimato miSTAmaya zrImukhAt / prApyasute kaNTakitatanusambAhinI jAtA yatsutamAtra eva sukhavastIrthezvare kimpunaH / ' 1. bIrodaya, 4 / 37-62

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granyoM meM bhAvapakSa 273 isa sthala para rAjA siddhArtha aura priyakAriNI vatsala rasa. ke prAzraya hai| utpatsyamAna putra prAlambana vibhAva hai / solaha svapna uddIpana vibhAva haiM / romAJcita honA, mAnandAtha pravAhita karanA ityAdi anubhAva haiM / harSa, garva, bhAvega ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| (kha) isa kAvya meM vatsala rasa kI abhivyaJjanA karAne vAlA dUsarA sthala baha hai jahA~ bAlaka vardhamAna apanI bAla krIDAnoM se sabako prasanna karate haiM : "iGgitena nijasyAtha vardhayanmodavAridhim / jagadAlAdako bAlacandramAH samavardhata / / rarANa mAturutsaGge mahovAraviceSTitaH / kSIrasAgaravelAyA ivAGa ke kaustubho maNiH / / pragAdapi pitaH pAra udayAdrerivAMzumAn / sarvasya bhUtalasyAyaM citAmbhoja vikAsayan / devatAnAM karAne tu gato'yaM samabhAvayat / vallInAM pallavaprAnte vikAsi kusamAyitam // kadAciccevo bhAlamalaJcake tadA smitam / tadadhrinakharazmInAM vyAjenApyAtatAna sA / / yadA samavayaskeSu bAno'yaM samavartata / asya sphUtivibhinneva kAceSu maNivattadA / / samAnAyuSkadevodha-madhye'tho bAladevarAT / kAlakSeAM cakArAso ramamANo nijecchayA / / daNDamApadyate mohI garta metya mUhurmuhuH / / mahAtmA'nuSabhUvedaM vAlyakrIDAsu tatparaH / / paraprayogato dRSTerAcchAdanamupeyuSaH / zirasyApAta evaM syAdigAndhyamiti gacchataH // navAlakaprasidasya bAlatAmadhigacchataH / muktAmayatayA'pyAsItkabalatvaM na cAsya tu // ' (tatpazcAt apanI bAlasulabha nAnA prakAra kI ceSTAmoM rUpa kriyAkalApa se jagat ko pAlAdita karane vAle ve bAlabandramA rUpI bhagavAn harSarUpI samudra kI pati karate hue svayaM bar3hane lge| mahAn ubAra ceSTAnoM ko karane vAle vaha mAtA kI goda meM isa prakAra suzobhita hote the jaise kSIrasAgara kI velA ke madhya bhAga meM kaustubha maNi suzobhita hotI hai / sabhI bhUtalavAsiyoM ke hRdaya-kamala ko vikasita 1. vIrodaya, 8-16

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274 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana karate hue vaha udayAcala para jAne vAle sUrya ke samAna pitA ke pAsa jAte the| devatAmoM ke hAthoM ke agrabhAga para sthita vaha aise suzobhita hote the, jaise ki latAmoM ke pallavoM ke anta meM vikasita puSpa zobhA pAte haiM / pRthvI para khelate hue vaha bhagavAn usake mastaka ko isa prakAra pralaGakata karate the, mAnoM unake caraNoM ke nasoM kI kiraNoM ke bahAne se pRthvI apanI muskarAhaTa phailA rahI ho| jaba bAlaka vardhamASa apane sAtha ke baccoM ke sAtha rahate the taba inako kAnti vaisI hI lagatI thI jaise kAcoM ke madhya meM vidyamAna maNi kI zobhA hotI hai| isa prakAra samAna prAyu vAle devakumAroM ke bIca meM apanI icchA se nAnA prakAra kI krIr3A karate hue devoM ke svAmI bAlaka bhagavAn samaya vyatIta karate the| bAlakrIr3AnoM meM tatpara yaha mahAtmA vIrabhagavAn gillI-DaMDA khelate samaya aisA anubhava karate the ki daNDa ko prApta gillI ke samAna, mohI puruSa bAra bAra saMsAra rUpI gaDDhe meM girakara duHkha se daNDita kiye gAte haiM / prAMkha-micaunI kA khela khelate samaya bhagavAn aisA anubhava karate the ki mohakarma se pAcchAdita samyagdRSTi vAlA jIva digbhramita hokara zira kA bhASAta hI pAtA hai / bhagavAn pratidina bar3hane vAle kezoM se yukta the| vaha roga-rahita ye bhora matula balazAlI the| yahA~ para kavi ne bAlaka vardhamAna kI sundara-sundara ceSTAnoM se vatsalarasa ko sundara abhivyakti dI hai| sudarzanobaya mahAkAvya meM variNata praGgarasa sudarzanodaya meM zAntarasa ke atirikta cAra aGgarasoM kA varNana milatA hai-zRGgAra rasa, raudra rasa, adbhuta rasa aura vatsala rasa / isa kAvya meM zaGgAra, raudra, aura adbhuta ye tIna rasa zAnta rasa ke poSaka haiM, pora vatsala rasa apradhAna hai / prataH ye rasa zAnta rasa ke maja haiN| aba cAroM rasoM kA sodAharaNa varNana prastuta hai :zuGgAra rasa __ kAvya meM zaGgAra-rasa kA varNana kevala eka sthala para hai, mora vaha sthala hai, sudarzana aura manoramA ke vivAha ke pUrva kaa| sudarzana aura sAgaradatta nAmaka vaizya kI putrI manoramA jina mandira meM eka dUsare ko dekhakara prAsakti evaM anurakti kA anubhava karane lagate haiM : "apa sAgaradattasaM zina: vaNigIzasya sutAmatAGginaH / samudIkSya mudIrito'nyadA patamAsIttadapAGgasampadA / . ratirAhityamabAsIt kAmarUpe sudrshne| . tato manoramA'nyAsIllateva taruNojjhitA //

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa kutaH kAraNato jAtA bhavatAmunmanaskatA vayasyeriti puSTo'pi tAnAha saM mahAmanAH / / yada vAlApi jinAcaMnAyAmapUrvarUpeNa mayetyapAyAt / manoramAyAti mamAkulatvaM tadeva gatvA suhRdAzrayatvam ||"" ( sAgaradatta nAmaka vaNikAti kI sundarI putrI ko dekhakara usake kaTAkSavizeSa rUpa sampadA se sudarzana usa para mohita ho gayA / kAmadeva ke samAna sudarzana meM rati kA prabhAva khaTakane lagA aura manoramA bhI vRkSa se vimukta huI latA ke samAna ho gaI / zrAja tumhArI anyamanaskatA kA kyA kAraNa hai ? mitroM ke aisA pUchane para usa sudarzana ne zleSa ke mAdhyama se kahA - prAja bhagavAn jinadeva kI pUjA ke avasara para prapUrva rUpa se maiMne gAyA isalie merA mana pratyadhika klAnti kA anubhava kara rahA hai / (zloka kA dUsarA martha ) prAja jinapUjA ke avasara para jaba se mere dvArA sundara vAlA ko dekhA gayA hai, usI samaya se usake prapUrva rUpa se merA mana vyAkula ho rahA hai / ) yahA~ para sudarzana prora manoramA zRGgAra rasa ke paraspara zrAzraya mora bAlambana haiN| unakA rUA-nondarya uddIpana vibhAva hai| kaTAkSa ityAdi anubhAva hai / prAvega, mada, jar3atA, upatA, avahitthA, protsukya cintA prAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiM / raudra rasa 275 sudarzanodaya mahAkAvya meM raudra rasa ke do udAharaNa haiM (ka) raudra rasa kA prathama udAharaNa vaha sthala hai, jahAM rAnI abhayamatI ke 'triyAcaritra' ko sunakara bahuta se sevaka mAM jAte haiM, maura sudarzana ke prati apazabda kahate hue unheM rAjA ke pAsa le jAte haiN| sudarzana ke Upara kruddha hokara rAjA unakA karane hetu cANDAla ke pAsa le jAne kI prAjJA de detA hai : -- " rAjJyA idaM pUtkaraNaM nizamya bhaTerihA''gatya ghRto drutaM yaH / rAjJo'grataH prApita evameteH kilA''lapadabhirbahuzaH sametaiH // ho dhUrtasya dhautyaM nibhAlayatAm // haste jayamAlA hRdi hAlA svArthakRto'sau vaJcakatA / pranto bhogabhugupari tu yogo vakravRtti tino niyatA // darpavataH sarpasyevAsya tu vakragatiH sahasA'vagatA // prabhU rASTrakaNTako'yaM khalu vipade sthitirasyAbhimatA // 1. sudarzanodaya, 3 / 34-37

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276 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana / rAjA jagAda na hi darzanamasya me rayA detAzIha pariNAmavato'sti lezyA / cANDAla eva sa imaM labhatAmidAnIM rAjye mamegApi ghigdurita ghAnI // "" (rAno kI isa karuNa pukAra ko sunakara sevaka loga daur3akara pAye aura unhoMne sudarzana ko pakar3akara bahuta se prapazabda kahate hue rAjA ke samakSa pahuMcA diyaa| are ! isa dhUrta kI dhUrta / dekho| yaha hAtha meM japamAlA aura hRdaya meM viSa dhAraNa karatA hai / prAnI svArtha pUrti ke lie imane isa vaJcaka veza ko dhAraNa kiyA hai / isake mana meM bhogoM ke upabhoga kI icchA hai, aura Upara se bagule ke samAna yogI vratI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara rahA hai| darpayukta sarpa ke samAna isakI kuTila gati pAma hamArI samajha meM A gaI hai| yaha pApI rASTra kA koTA hai| isakI vidyamAnatA saMsAra ko vipatti ke lie ho hai / yaha sunakara rAjA ne kahAmujhe isakA darzana karane kI icchA nahIM hai / isa prakAra ke isa vyakti ke aise khoTe vicAra ? phaurana isako cANDAla ke samIpa le jaano| maiM nahIM jAnatA thA ki mare rAjya meM aise bhI vyakti rahate haiM ? isako dhikkAra hai ) . .. yahA~ rAjA aura rAjasevaka raudra rasa ke prAzraya haiN| sudarzana mAlambanavibhAva hai / rAnI ko duzce gAyeM uddIpana vibhAva haiM / krUradRSTi, kaTuvacana ityAdi anubhAva haiM / moha, mamarSa, garva ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| (kha) raudra rasa kA dUsarA udAharaNa vaha sthala hai, jahA~ cANDAla dvArA kie gae talavAra ke prahAra sudarzana ke gale meM rahakara hAra kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| apane eka sevaka se yaha samAcAra sunakara rAjA svayaM usakA vadha karane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai : "evaM samAgatya nivedito'bhUdekena bhUpaH sutarAM ruSobhUH / pASaNDinastasya vilokayAmi tanvAyatatvaM vilayaM nayAmi / / "2 yahA~ rAjA prAzraya hai| sudarzana pAlambana hai / usakA adbhuta vyaktitva uddIpana-vibhAva hai| ugratA, mAvega ityAdi anubhAva haiN| amarSa aura garva ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| prabhuta rasa - sudarzanodaya meM eka sthala para adbhuta rasa kI jhalaka dekhane ko milatI hai| rAjA kI prAjJA se cANDAla sudarzana ko mArane ke lie usake gale meM talavAra kA prahAra karatA hai / kintu sudarzana ke gale meM ye prahAra mAlA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM. aura use koI kaSTa nahIM hotA :1. sudarzanodaya, 7 / 35.36 2. vahI, 87

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277 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa kRtAn prahArAn samudIkSya hArAyitaprakArAMstu vicaardhaaraa| cANDAlacetasyuditA kiletaH savismaye darzakasaJcaye'taH // aho mamAsiH pratipakSanAzI kilAhirAzIviSa mAH kimAsIt / ___ mRNAla kalpa: sutarAmanA-tUloktatalpaM prati ko'tra kalpaH // "" yahAM adbhuta rasa kA Azraya hai-cANDAla aura janasamUha / pAlambanavibhAva hai-sudarzana / usake gale meM talavAra ke prahAra kA prabhAva na honA uddIpana vibhAva hai| romAJca ityAdi manubhAva haiM / jar3atA, vitakaM, pAvega ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| patsala rasa sudarzanodaya meM vatsala rasa kA varNana tIna sthaloM para humA hai :-- (ka) vatsala rasa kI abhivyakti karAne vAlA prathama sthala vaha hai jahA~ munirAja vRSabhadAsa ko batAte haiM ki vaha eka zreSTha putra kI prApti kregaa| nirAja ke muMha se yaha bAta sunakara seTha vRSabhadAsa aura unakI patnI donoM bahuta prasanna hote "payomu vo garjanayeva nIto mayUrajAtAviva jampatI to| udanAGgeruhamampratIto punegirA modamahI puniito||"2 yahA~ para seTha aura usakI patnI vatsala rasa kA prAzraya haiN| utpatsyamAna putra pAlambana vibhAva hai| muni kI vANI vAtsalya bhAva ko uddIpta karane ke kAraNa uddIpana vibhAva hai / romAJcita honA ityAdi anubhAva haiN| harSa, pAvega ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva hai| (kha) vatsala rasa kI abhivyaJjanA karAne vAlA dUsarA sthala vaha hai jahA~ sudarzana ke janma kA samAcAra sunakara seTha ke hRdaya kA vAtsalya bhAva umar3ane lagatA "sutajanma nizamya bhRtyataH mumude jAnujasattamastataH / praripAlitatAmracUDavAga raviNA kokajana: prage sa vA / / pramadAzrubhirApluto'bhita: jinapaJcAbhiSice ca bhaktitaH / prabhubhaktirutAGginAM bhavetphaladA kalpalateva yadbhave // X X X avalokayituM tadA dhanI nijamAdarza ivAGgajanmani / zritavAnapi sUtikAsthalaM kima bojavyabhicAri aGkuraH // paripAtumapArayaMzca so'GgajarUpAmRtamadbhutaM dRzoH / 1. sudarzanodaya, 8 / 5-6 2. bahI, 2141

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278 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana stutavAnuta ninimeSatAM drutamevAyutanetriNA ghRtAm // suravamayadindumamvudheH zizumAsAdya kala trasannidheH / nicayaH smitasatviSAmayamabhavadAmavatAM guNAzrayaH / / x snapitaH sa jaTAlavAlavAn vidadhatkAJcanasacchavi navAm / mapi nandanapAdapastadeha suparvAdhibhuvo'bhavanmude / ' (sevaka ke mukha se putra-janma ke viSaya meM sunakara baha pariNakoSTha usI prakAra pratyadhika prasanna huprA, jisa prakAra prAtaHkAla murge kI bAMga sunakara sUrya ke udaya ko jAnakara cAtaka prasanna hotA hai| harSa ke prAMsumoM se prAplAvita seTha ne bhaktipUrvaka bhagavAn jinadeva kA abhiSeka kiyaa| isa saMsAra meM prabhu kI bhakti hI kalpalatA se samAna prANiyoM ko manovAMchita phala dene vAlI hai |xxxttpshcaat baha seTha putra ko dekhane ke lie prasUtikakSa meM pahu~cA, taba usane darpaNa meM pratibimba ke samAna apane putra meM apanI hI chavi ko dekhaa| kyA majakura bIja se bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai ? apane netroM se prAne putra ke mapUrva saundarya rUpa pramRta kA pAna karate samaya usa seTha ko tRpti nahIM huI, taba vaha sahasranetradhAraka indra kI ninimeSa dRSTi kI prazaMsA karane lgaa| jaise samudra se candramA ko prApta kara nakSatroM kA prAdhArabhUta mAkAza usakI jyotsnA se bhAlokita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra gahasyoM ke guNoM kA mAdhaya baha seTha priyA se prApta usa bAlacandra ke samAna putra ko pAkara sasmita ho gayA / ) uparyukta ilokoM meM bAlaka ke pitA vatsala rasa kA prAzraya haiN| sudarzana mAlambana vibhAva hai| sevaka kI sUcanA, putra kA rUpa mAdi uddIpana-vibhAva haiN| romAJcita honA, prAnandAca pravAhita karanA, vega se mandira evaM sUtikAgRha pahuMcanA mAdi manubhAva haiM / harSa, Avega ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiM / (ga) vatsala rasa kI abhivyaJjanA karAne vAlA tIsarA sthala vaha hai, jahA~ bAlaka sudarzana prapanI bAlakrIr3AmoM se sabhI ko harSita karatA hai : "gurumApya sa vai kSamASaraM suvizo mAturacodayannaram / bhuvi pUjyatayA raviryamA naDagambhojamudezajattathA / , jananIjananIyatAmitaH zravaNAke madutAlutAbhitaH / karapallavayoH prasUnatA-samaSArIha satA vapuSmatA // tugaho guNasaMgrahocite mRdupalyavAhatodite / zuciboSavadAyate'nvitaH zayanIyo'si kileti zAyitaH // x 1. sudarzanodaya, 2 / 4.14

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa 276 samavardhata vardhabannayaM sitapakSocitacandravatsvayam / nijabandhujanasya sampadAmbunidhi svapratipattitastadA / / ' jaise sUrya pUrva dizA rUpa mAtA kI goda se uThakara udayAcala rUpa pitA ke pAsa jAtA hai, to sarovaroM ke kamala vikasita ho jAte haiM mora vaha saMsAra meM pUjA jAtA hai, vaise hI vaha bAlaka pracchI ceSTAmroM vAlI mAtA kI goda se uThakara kSamA ko dhAraNa karane vAle pitA ke pAsa jAtA thA, taba vaha logoM ke nayana-kamaloM ko vikasita karatA huA sabhI ke prAdara bhAva ko prApta karatA thA / mAtA ke samAna hI pAyoM ke hAthoM meM khilAyA jAtA huA komala prora sundara zarIra vAlA vaha bAlaka aisA lagatA thA, mAnoM latA ke komala pallavoM ke bIca meM khilA humA sundara phUla ho / jinadeva ke vacanoM ke samAna guNoM se yukta samyagjJAna ke samAna vizAla isa komala palaMga para tumheM sonA cAhie, aisA kahakara ghAyeM usako sulAtI thIM / XXX isa prakAra apanI sundara ceSTAtroM se apane bandhujanoM ke prAnandarUpa samudra ko bar3hAtA huA yaha bAlaka zukla pakSa ke candramA kI bhAMti svayaM hI bar3hane lagA / ) uparyukta zlokoM meM mAtA-pitA aura parijana vatsala rasa ke prAzraya haiM / sudarzana prAlambanana-vibhAva hai| sudarzana kI bAlakrIr3AeM uddIpana vibhAva haiN| bAlaka ke prati prema pradarzita karanA, use khilAnA ityAdi anubhAva haiN| harSa, bhAvega ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiM / zrIsamudradatta caritra meM varNita praGgarasa zrIsamudradattacaritra meM zAntarasa ke pratirikta anya cAra rasoM kA bhI thor3Abahuta ullekha milatA hai| ye cAra rasa haiM :- vIra, karuNa, raudra, bhIra batsala / isa kAvya meM vIrarasa kAvya ke nAyaka ke hRdaya meM niSpanna zAnta rasa kA praGga hai / karuNa rasa rAmavattA ke hRdaya meM niSpanna hone vAle zAnta rasa kA poSaka hai / roDa rasa prantaH kathA se sambaddha hai, bhora vatsala rasa prapradhAna hai / prataH ye cAroM rasa zAnta rasa meM praGgarasa haiN| cAroM rasa sodAharaNa prastuta haiM : vIra rasa - isa kAvya meM vIra rasa kA varNana eka sthala para milatA hai, para vaha hai atyalpa / vIra rasa kA yaha udAharaNa dAnavIra kA hai "prayAsanAkhyAnavane kRtasthiti niSedhya bhadro varaghamaMka yatim / tadIyavAcA manasAbhavan zuciH sa vAnadharme kRtavAn punArucim // nirIkSya mAtA'sya ca dAnazAlitAM niSeSayAmAsa durIhitAJcitA / tathApi yasyAbhiruciryato bhavennivAryate ki balu sA jagaMjave // ' 112 1. sudarzanodaya, 3 / 20 -27 2. zrI samudravattacaritra, 4 / 6-7 -:

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280 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana (tatpazcAt mAsanAbhidhAna vana meM sthita varadharma nAmaka muni ke darzana karake mora unakI vANI se bhadramitra ke mana meM mora adhika pavitratA mA gii| taba dAna dharma meM usane pahale se bhI adhika ruci dikhAI / unakI dAnazIlatA dekhakara usako lobhI mAtA ne use rokaa| phira bhI isa saMsAra meM jisakI abhiruci jidhara hotI hai, kyA usako rokA jA sakatA hai ? arthAt bhadramitra ko dAnazIlatA ko usakI mAtA na roka skii|) yahAM para bhadramitra dAnavIra rasa kA mAzraya hai| pAlambana-vibhAva munirAja haiM, unakA upadeza upadIpana vibhAva hai / santoSa meM vaddhi honA, dAnazIlatA meM bAdhaka tattvoM kI cintA na karanA ityAdi manubhAva haiN| nirveda, mati ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva hai| karuNa rasa karuNa rasa kI abhivyaJjanA zrIsamudradattacaritra meM eka sthala para pratyalpa mAtrA meM huI hai| kintu hai yaha bahuta mrmspshinii| satyaghoSa apanI vaJcakatA ke kAraNa rAjA siMhasena dvArA apadastha kara diyA gayA / phalasvarUpa marakara vaha rAjA ke bhaNDAra meM hI sarpa ke rUpa meM phuNcaa| eka dina bhaNDAragRha meM pahuMce hue siMhasena ko usane kATa liyA, phalasvarUpa rAjA kI mRtyu ho gii| rAnI rAmadattA usake zoka meM vyAkula ho gaI : "kadApi rAjA nijakoSasadmataH parIkSya ratnAdi vinivrajannataH / nivaddhavareNa ca tena bhoginAM vareNa daSTa: sahasava kopinA / / mahImahendro'zanighoSasadvipaH babhUva yacchoka vazAdihAkSipat / , uraH svakIyaM muhurAturA tadA'pi rAmadattAtmadazA vazaMvadA // "' yahA~ para apane pati kI matyu se rAnI rAmadattA ke hRdaya meM zoka nAmaka sthAyibhAva kA udaya humA hai, isalie vaha karaNa rasa kA mAzraya hai| mRta rANA siMhasena pAlambana-vibhAva hai / usakI mRtyu aura rAnI kA vaidhavya uddIpana vibhASa haiN| romAJca, vakSastala para prahAra pora azrupAta ityAdi anubhAva haiN| prAvega, moha smRti, viSAda, glAni, cintA ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| raudra rasa isa kAvya meM pAThaka ko eka sthala para raudra rasAnubhUti bhI hotI hai| stabakaguccha nagara ke nAgarika vajrasena para krodha karake use lAThiyoM se pITanA zurU kara dete haiM / tatpazcAt vrajasena ne bhIkuddha bAyeM kandhe se nikale hue tejaHsamUha se 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 4 // 11 bhora 15

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM mAvapakSa sAre nagara ko bhasma kara diyA; aura svayaM bhI bhasma hokara naraka ko pahu~ca gyaa| vatsala rasa zrIsamudradattacaritra kAvya meM aise do sthala haiM jinameM hameM vatsala rasa ko manubhUti hotI hai| donoM hI sthaloM kA sodAharaNa varNana prastuta hai : (ka) isa kAvya meM vatsala rasa kI anubhUti sarvaprathama hameM vahA~ hotI hai, jahAM bhadramitra kA dhanArjana ke lie videza jAne kA ullekha hai| bhadramitra ke mAtApitA donoM hI ekamAtra putra hone se use atyadhika cAhate haiN| isalie unakA videza jAnA du:khakArI hotA hai : "tasmai pitA pratyavadat suteti mahaddhanaM me sutarAmudeti / kAryA'sti kulyA marave yathA kiJjagatsu pAyonidhaye tathA kim // ekAki evAGgaja ! me kulAya: svayaM tvamAnandadRze'napAya: / duHkhAyate mahyamidaM vacaste kinnAma yAnaM guNasaMprazaste // ___ Xxx evaM nizamyoditamatra pitrA bhavanti vAcaH suta te pvitraaH|' mApo yathA gAMgajharasya yattvaM punItamAtuH samito'si sattvam / kaThorabhAvAnnivasAnyahantUdayAdrivatte jananIha kintu| ravinA kAzatatiryathA syAttamodharA tvahitA vyudAsyA // kRtvA'tra mAmambujasambihInAM sarovarImaGgaja ! kinnu dInAm / kilocitaM yAtumiti tvameva vicArayedaM ghiSaNAdhideva // "2 (usake pitA ne uttara diyA ki he putra mere pAsa to vaise hI bahuta dhana hai| kyA marusthala ke lie banAI gaI nahara ko jala se paripUrNa samudra ke liye bhI banAne ko prAvazyakatA hotI hai ? (arthAda tumheM dhanArjana ko prAvazyakatA nahIM hai|) he putra tuma mere kala ke ekamAtra prAdhAra ho| tumako dekhane se hI mujhe Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| guNoM se paripUrNa tumhAre jAne kI bAta to mere lie pratyanta duHkhadAyinI hai| x x x usake vacana sunakara usake pitA ne kahA ki putra ! pavitra mAtA se utpanna tumhAre vacana gaGgA ke nirbhara se pAye hue jala ke samAna pavitra haiN| udayAcala ke samAna kaThora dila vAlA maiM to tumhAre vinA raha bhI nahIM sakatA hai| kintu tumhArI mAtA tumhAre vinA malina mukha kI kAnti bAlI ho 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 2 / 31-32 2. vahI, 3 // 5-13 .... . ..

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282 mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana bAyagI, jaise sUrya ke vinA pAkAza kI sattA andhakAra se paripUrNa ho jAtI hai| mAtA ne kahA, he buddhimAna putra | majhe kamala se rahita sarasI ke samAna dIna banAkara yaha tumAre jAne kA vicAra kyA ucita hai ?) . (sa) zrIsamudradattacaritra meM vatsala rasa kA dUsarA udAharaNa vaha sthala hai, yahAM para pakrAyudha kA janma pora bAlakrIr3AyeM varNita haiN|' yogyacampU meM varita praGga rasa tyodaya meM zRGgAra, karuNa pora vatsala rasoM ko praGgarasa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| inameM se zRGgAra pora karuNa zAnta rasa ke poSaka hone ke kAraNa usake maGga haiM mora vatsala rasa mapradhAna hone ke kAraNa zAnta ke prati aGgatA ko dhAraNa karatA hai| tInoM rasa sodAharaNa prastuta haiM :zuGgAra rasa dayodayacampU meM zRGgAra rasa kA varNana tIna sthAnoM para humA hai| yahAM para isake do udAharaNa prastuta haiM : (ka) somadatta guNapAla seTha kA patra lekara usake ghara pahu~catA hai, usa samaya usake mAkarSaka vyaktitva se prabhAvita hokara guNapAla kI putrI viSA ke hRdaya meM ratibhAva kA udaya hotA hai : "yadIkSaNamAtreNeva viSA viSAvapratiyoginaM bhAvamaGgIkurvANA kilespaM vicacAra svamanasi, x x x ko'so zrImAn yaH khalu pUrvaparicita iva mama cetaHsthAnamanugAti / anaGgasamavAyo'pi sadaGgasamavAyavAn / nirdoSatAmupeto'pi doSAkarasamadyutiH / / bahulohocitasthAno'pi suvarNaparisthitiH / saJcaratnapi maccitte sthitimeti mahAzayaH // nAzvineyo dvitIyatvAnnendro'varazravastvataH / yarUpatayA kAmo'pi kathaM bhavatAdayam // 2 ___ yahAM para zuGgAra rasa kA mAzraya viSA hai| somadatta mAlambana vibhAva hai| usakA sundara vyaktitva uddIpana vibhAva haiN| sasneha dRSTipAta ityAdi anubhAva hai| harSa, protsukya, mati, tarka ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| (ba) zRGgAra rasa kA varNana vahAM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai, jahA~ rAjA somabata se apanI putrI kA pANigrahaNa karane kA nivedana karate haiN| somabatta maura rASakumArI guNamAlA donoM hI eka dUsare ke prati mAkarSita ho jAte haiM :1. zrIsamudradattaparitra, 61416 2. payodayabampU, 4 zloka 14 se pUrva kA gaba mAga evaM 14-16 zloka /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa "rAjakumArI prasAdhAraNasaundarya zAlinaM taM dRSTvAkAmo'styasau kimuta me hRdayaM viveza sammohanAya kimihAgata eSa zeSaH / pAsaNalo'yamayavA madusannivezazcandro havAtaradaho mama sammude saH // iti saMjAtasaMkalpA nijIyalocanAvalokanasantativizAlA sulamitakusumamAlA bhadraM dizatu bhagavAniti mRdulAlApAdhikAlo mocayAmAsa somadattagalakandale / somadatto'pi tAmavikalasakalAvayavatayA sadguNasampannajIvanadukUlatayA ca samastanArI nikarottamAGgamaNDanarUpAmasAdhAraNarUpaprazastistUpAmuvIkSya vicArayatikimbhoginIyamanuyAti zaMva mohaM ki kinnarI khalu yayAsmi vazIkRto'ham / kiMvA ratiH parikaroti kilAnurAgaM zroreva bhUSayati yA mama vAmabhAgam // X . X ityevaM matvA x x x samphullAnanatAmApa / ' isa sthala para rAjakumArI aura somadatta zaGgAra rasa ke paraspara mAlambana paura mAmaya haiN| unakA rUpa-saundartha, vivAha-prabandha ityAdi uddIpana hai| sasneha vIkSaNa; gale meM jayamAlA galanA, romAJca tathA kartavyAkartavya kA jJAna na ho pAnA ityAdi manubhAva haiM / harSa, protsukya, garva ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiM / kAraNa rasa kyodayacampU meM karuNa rasa kA varNana tIna sthaloM para milatA hai, jinameM se bospana udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM / (ka) karuNa rasa kI eka jhalaka hameM guNapAla ke putra mahAbala kI akAla mutyu ke samaya dekhane ko milatI hai : "manviSyatAmapi tu gatveti yAvajjagAva tAvadevAnusandhAnakararAgatya niveditaM yaskila dheSThikamAro mahAbala eva sa samasti, ityevaM zrutvA'tIva. viSamvadanA jaataa| viSA-kRto'styaho mama sahodaro AtA kathamastu tena binA'bhunA .. yodaya campU 7.zloka 23 ke pUrva ke gababhAga se loka 25 ke bavamAna

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284 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana saataa|"" yahAM para mata mahAbala karuNa rasa kA pAlambana hai| usakI mAtA mora bahina pAzraya hai| usakI matyu kA samAcAra uddIpana vibhAva hai| romAJca, vivaNaMtA, kikRtaMvyavimUDhatA Adi manubhAva haiN| jar3atA, viSAda, glAni mAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiN| (kha) guNapAla anajAne meM hI viSa ke laDDU khAkara matyu ko prApta ho jAtA hai| pitA ko mRtyu ke muMha meM pahu~cA humA dekhakara viSA zoka se vyAkula ho jAtI "guNapAlaH tadetat khAditavAn yAvattAvadevAGgopAGgAni tAnayitvA mukhaM khalu vyApAdya sphAlayitvA ca cakSaSI bhUmau nipapAta / viSA sahasava tadidamavasthAntaraM pituSTvA he bhagavan / kimidaM jAtam ? aho kathamiva kartumArabdhavAMstAta AgamyatAM zoghrameva lokairihAtaH ityevaM pUccakAra / xx XguNabhI:-bahirvezataH samAgatA'takitopasthitamidamAtmano bhautikamavasaramavetya saviSAdaM jagAda / x x x ityato mayA sampAdita viSAnnamadhunA maMyApi bhoktavyameva. kimanena niHsAreNa kalaGkamalImasena jIvitavyeneti // "2 isa uddharaNa meM biSA mora guNazrI karuNa rasa kA prAzraya hai| guNapAla mAlambana hai / usakI anAyAsa mRtyu uddIpana vibhAva hai| bhagavAn ko sambodhita karanA, krandana, logoM ko pukAranA, pralApa karanA, vivarNatA, anumaraNa ityAdi manubhAva haiM / nirvada, moha, apasmAra, glAni, viSAda, jar3atA, unmAda ityAdi vyabhipAribhAva haiN| barasala rasa- vaise to dayodayacampU meM vatsala rasa kI jhAMkI hameM tIna sthaloM para dekhane ko milatI hai| kintu inameM se eka hI sthala udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ullekhanIya hai / guNapAla seTha ke kahane para cANDAla somadatta ko mAratA nahIM hai apitu nadI ke * kinAre sthita per3a ke nIce chor3a jAtA hai| samIpastha vastI meM rahane vAlA govinda nAma kA gvAmA, apanI gAyoM ko lekara usI mArga se niklaa| bAlaka ko dekhakara niHsantAna gvAle ke hRdaya meM putra-prema kA sotA phUTa par3A, usakI patnI bhI somadatta ko pAkara harSita haI / kavi ke hI zabdoM meM vatsala rasa kA prAsvAdana kIjie : 1. dayodaya campU, 5 antima gdybhaag| . 2. vahI, 6 zloka 6 ke pahale ke gadyabhAga se zloka taka / . . ke bAva ke gadyabhAga

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta granthoM meM bhAvapakSa 285 " sahasaMvAsya dRSTizcakorIva candramasaM ke kinIva valAhakakalamalikuTumbinIva kamalavanaM pikIva rasAlakorakaM taM zizumudIkSyAtIva santoSamAsAditavatI / X x x narapi tena mauktikena zuktirivAdaraNIyatAM kAmadhenuriva vatsena kSIrabharitastanatAmudyAnamAleva vasantena praphullabhAvaM samudraveleva zazadhareNAtI vollAsasadbhAvamudAjahAra hArala sitavakSa:sthalA / maho kinaurasAdapi rasAdhiko'GkaprAptaH putraH prabhavati yatra na yovanahAninaM prasava pIr3A, na cAputravatIti nAma vrIr3A, samuklabhyate ca sahajameva bAlalAlanakrIr3A jagatItyevaM vicAritavatI dhanabhIstamAtmajamivAtIva snehena pAlayAmAsa sarasvatIva lmbodrm|" 1 yahA~ para govinda gvAlA aura ghanazrI batsala - rasa ke mAzraya haiN| somadatta mAlambana hai / govinda kA niHsantAna honA, somadatta kI prApti, usakI sarala muskAna ityAdi udadIpana vibhAva haiM / snehapUrvaka dekhanA, romAJca ityAdi dhanubhAva haiM / harSa, garva, tarka ityAdi vyabhicAribhAva haiM / rasAbhAsa kA svarUpa kAvya meM jina-jina sthaloM para rasa- sAmagrI kA ucita rUpa se prastutIkaraNa na kiyA gayA ho, jahA~ rasAbhivyaJjanA meM bAdhA ho rahI ho, rasa kI abhivyaJjanA pUrNarUpeNa na ho rahI ho, vahA~ para rasAbhAsa hotA hai| prataeva rasa kA anucita rUpa se prastutIkaraNa rasAbhAsa hai | 2 ( ja ) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke saMskRta granthoM meM rasAbhAsa kavi kI saMskRta kAvyakRtiyoM ke parizIlana karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kavi ne rasAbhAsa ( nAmaka dhvani-kAvya - upabheda ) kA bhI citraraNa kiyA hai / jayodaya mahAkAvya meM zuGgAra rasAbhAsa aura bhayAnaka rasAbhAsa kA citraNa milatA hai| sudarzanodaya kAvya meM zAnta rasAbhAsa, zRGgAra rasAbhAsa bhora raudrarasAbhAsa kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / zrIsamudradattacaritra meM zAnta rasAbhAsa kA ullekha prAyA hai| dayodayacampU meM zAnta rasAbhAsa kA varNana hai| hAM, vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM rasAbhAsa bilkula bhI nahIM hai / maba sarvaprathama jayodaya ke rasAbhAsa sodAharaNa prastuta haiM : 1. vayodayacampU, 3 | zloka 10 ke pUrva ke bhaura bAda ke gadyabhAga / 2. (ka) 'tadAbhAsA anaucityapravartitAH ' - kAvyaprakAza, 4|36viiN kArikA ke pUrvArdha kA prarthA /

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286 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya-eka adhyayana (ka) jayodaya meM rasAmAsazaGgAra rasAmAsa-- jayodaya mahAkAvya kA vaha sthala zaGgArarasAbhAsa kA udAharaNa hai, jahA~ raviprabha nAmaka deva apanI kAJcanA nAma kI patnI ko jayakamAra ke pAsa bhejatA hai / kAJcanA apanI kAlpanika jIvana-kahAnI sunAkara pora taraha-taraha kI perAmoM se jayakumAra ko prAkarSita karanA cAhatI hai, kintu usakA prayAsa niSphala ho jAtA hai| bhayAnaka rasAbhAsa jayodaya mahAkAvya meM bhaganaka rasAbhAsa kA udAharaNa vaha hai, jahAM para magara ke dvArA hAthI ke Upara prAkramaNa hone se jayakumAra ghabarA jAte haiN| kAmya ke dhIrodAtta evaM yukhavIra nAyaka ke mana meM magara ko dekhakara bhaya nAmaka sthASibhAva kA prAdurbhAva hokara usakA puSTa honA anucita hai| (ba) sudarzanodaya meM rasAmAsazAnta rasAmAsa sudarzanodaya meM zAnta rasAbhAsa ke do udAharaNa milate haiM : (ka) zAnta rasAbhAsa kA prathama udAharaNa vaha sthala hai, jisameM eka rajako ke kSullikA ho jAne kA varNana hai / ' (ka) zAnta rasAbhAsa kA dUsarA udAharaNa vaha sthala hai, jisameM subarzana ke upadeza se devadattA vezyA pora paNDitA dAsI prAyikA-vrata dhAraNa kara letI "ityevaM vacanena mArdavatAmoho'stabhAvaM gataH, yadgAruDinaH samantravazataH sarpasya do hataH, mAsviM samameti paNyalalanA dAsIsametAnvitaH svarNatvaM rasayogato'tra labhate lohasya lekhA yataH / / "4 uparya kta donoM udAharaNoM meM ghovina, vezyA mora dAsI ko zAnta rasa kA prAya banA diyA hai, jo anucita hai, kyoMki nIcapAtragata nira ko daNakAra ne anucita batAyA hai / prataH yahA~ zAnta rasAbhAsa hai / (ba) 'anaucityapravRttatva prAbhAso rasabhAvayoH / ' -sAhityadarpaNa, 31262 kA uttarArSa / 1. yodaya, 24 / 105-139 2. vahI, 20151-52 3. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 28-36 4. vahI, 674 1. sAhityadarpaNa, 0265

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranyoM meM bhAvapakSa 287 bajAra rasAmAsa-- sudarzanodaya meM zaGgAra rasAbhAsa ke pAMca udAharaNa haiN| kapilA brAhmaNI kA sadarzana para bAkarSaNa prathama udAharaNa hai, kyoMki usakA prema ekAGgI hai|' isI prakAra rAnI pabhayamatI kA sudarzana ke prati prema dUsarA mora unake dvArA kI gaI kAmuka ceSTAeM zRGgAra rasAbhAsa kA tRtIya udAharaNa hai| zRGgArarasAbhAsa kA caturSa udAharaNa hai-devadattA vezyA sudarzanA ke prati kahe gae kAmuka vacana' pora sadarzana ke vacanoM kA koI prabhAva na par3anA tathA devadattA kA punaH kAmaceSTAeM karanA zuGgArAbhAsa kA pAMcavA udAharaNa hai| roja rasAmAsa sudarzanodaya meM raudra rasAbhAsa kA bhI eka udAharaNa milatA hai| rAnI abhayamatI marakara vyantarI ho gaI hai / sudarzana ko dekhakara usakA krodha bhaeka uThatA hai, aura vaha sudarzana se kaTu vacana kahatI hai : "re duSTA'bhayamatyAsyAM viddhi mAM nRpayoSitam / yasyAH sAdhAraNIvAJchA pUritA na tvayA smayAt // pazya mAM devatAbhUyarUpAntUpAsikAdhipa / tvamimAM zocanIyAsthAmApto naSThyaMyogataH / / kasyApi prArthanAM kazcirityevamabahelayet / manuSyatAmavAptazceSA tvaM jagatItale // hetAntrika tadA tu tvaM kRtavAn bhUpamAtmasAt / tadAba kA dazA te syAnmadIyakarayogataH // "" yahAM sudarzana muni ke prati kiyA gayA krodha anucita hai, kyoMki sajjana ke prati koSa meM anaucitya nahIM to aura kyA ? isalie yaha sthala bhI rasAbhAsa kI zreNI meM pA jAtA hai| (ga) bIsamudrarattacaritra meM rasAmAsa isa kAvya meM eka sthala para zRGgAra rasAbhAsa kI aura eka spana para mAnta rasAbhAsa ko halkI jhalaka milatI hai| mahAkancha apanI putrI priyajanI kA 1. sabanodaya, 5-1-5 mora 14-17 2. vahI, 6 / 17-19 1. vahI, 17-21 4. bahI, 9 / 14.19 5. vahI, 627-28 1. bahI, 978-21

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288 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana vivAha airAvaNa se karane ke lie usake sAtha pA rahA thA / mArga meM baja sena nAmaka vyakti ne usakA pIchA kiyaa| usakI yaha ceSTA anucita hai, ata: zaGgAra rasAbhAsa kA udAharaNa mAnI jA sakatI hai|' vanasena kA UparI mana se jinadIkSA grahaNa karake tapa karanA zAnta rasAbhAsa kA udAharaNa hai| (gha) yodayacampU meM rasAmAsa ___dayodayacampU meM kevala zAntarasAbhAsa kA hI varNana milatA hai mora vaha bhI eka hI sthala pr| vasantasenA vezyA somadatta ke prAvaraNa se prabhAvita hokara mAryikAvrata dhAraNa kara letI hai : "vasantasenA vezyApi-tatra vasantamapi x x x x sAdhuziromariNa dRSTvA kautukavihInatvamAtmane'numanyamAnA ca tatkavitvamadhikurvANeva suvRttabhAvaM sampAdayitumudyatA'bhUt / + + + viSA-vasantasene-ekameva zATakamAtra vizeSamAyavatamaGgIcakratuH / / "3 eka vezyA ke hRdaya meM zama bhAva kA jAgarita hokara puSTa honA zAntarasAbhAsa kA udAharaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai "zAnte ca honaniSThe", sAhityadarpaNa, 3 / 265) / (jha) bhAva kA svarUpa bhAratIya sAhityazAstriyoM ke anusAra pradhAna rUpa se vyajita vyabhicAri. bhAva, deva, guru praura rAjA ke prati ratibhAva aura aparipuSTa sthAyibhAva 'bhAva' nAma se jAne jAte haiN| jahAM isa prakAra ke bhAvoM kA varNana hotA hai, use bhAvakAvya kahA jAtA hai / aba dekhanA yaha hai ki hamAre mAlojya mahAkavi ne bhAvakAvya kA kaMsA varNana kiyA hai| (ba) kavi zrI jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM bhAva (ka) ayodaya mahAkAvya meM bhAva jayodaya mahAkAvya meM sabase adhika abhivyaJjanA devaviSayaka bhaktibhAva 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 2 / 28 / 2. vahI, 2030 3. bayodayacampU, 7 / 148-146 4. (ka) ratirdevAdiviSayA vyabhicArI tathA'JjitaH / bhAvaH proktaH / ' -kAmyaprakAza, 4135 mora 36 kA eka bhAga / (kha) saJcAriNaH pradhAnAni devAdiviSayA ratiH / ___ ubukhamAtraH sthAyI ca bhAva ityabhidhIyate // -sAhityadarpaNa, 3260 kA uttarArdha paura 261 kA parSi /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta granthoM meM mAvapakSa 286 kI huI hai / isameM guru-viSayaka bhakina pora napaviSayaka bhakti ke bhI udAharaNa milate haiM / pradhAna rUpa se abhivyajita vyabhicAribhAva aura aparipuSTa sthAyibhAva ke udAharaNa bhI yatra-tatra haiN| kramazaH bhAvakAvya ke ina pAMca prakAroM ke udAharaNa prastuta haiM :bhagavad viSayaka bhaktibhAva ___jayodaya mahAkAvya meM 6 sthaloM para bhagavad viSayaka bhakti-bhAva kI prabhivyajanA milatI hai / vistAra ke bhaya me kevala do hI udAharaNa prastuta kie jA (4) jayakumAra aura prakaMkIti ke yaddha ke pazcAt jayakumAra apane mana ko dhairya baMdhAne ke lie jina bhagavAna kA pUjana karate haiM : "sakala: sakalajJamAptavAnapi sampArthayituM janaM sa vaa| bhagavAnbhagavAnabhiSTata: vipadAmapyuta sampadAmuta / / sapadi vibhAto jAto bhrAto bhavabhayaharaNavibhAmUtaH / zivasadanaM mRduvadanaM spaSTaM vizvapitRrjinasavituste / / gatA nizAtha dizA udghaTitA bhAnti nipUtanayana bhRte / ko'stu kozikAdiha vidvaSI paro naro vizadIbhUte / / maGganamaNDanamastu samastaM jinadeve svayamanubhUte / hIrAdhA hi kataH pratipAdyAzcintAratne sati pUte / / kalite sati jinadarzane punazcintA kAnyakAryapUrtabho na bhavanti taNAni kimAtmajagati jhagiti hi karNasphUrtaH / / niHsAdhanasya cAhaMti goptari satyaM niyaMsanA bhUste / tamasi ca ki dIperudayazcecchAntikarasya sudhAsyUteH / / prahantamAgoharamagAdaghunA samarthayituMtarAM kazmalAdAjibhavAjjayodaramAvahasmarasannibham / ' (prA) tIrthayAtrA karate hue jayakumAra himAlaya para eka devAlaya ko dekhakara vaho jAte haiM, aura jinabhagavAn kI pUjA evaM stuti karate haiM : "punazca vighnapratirodhi niH sahIti mantrasUrNa rucita: samuccaran / nidhAna gamno hi jinAlayasya sa kavATamudghATayati sma dhIrarATa / nipUtapAdAbhigamAbhilASako nipUtapAda: svympythaasko| jayeti vAcA kathita: zriyA yutaM jayeti vAcA gahamAvizattarAm // . 1. payodaya, 88 aura usake bAda kA gIta /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana samunnanAmAtilaghu prabhoH puro dvayaM militvA karayozca sAmpratam / luThanbhuvoha praraNanAma daNDa vajjinaM yathAso zaraNAgataH smaraH / tadaGghriyugme kumumAni sAmprataM nijIyazastrANi samayaM sAdaraH / / + + + jinezarUpaM sutarAma duSTamApIya pIyUSamivAbhipuSTaH / punazca nirgantumazaknuvAnatastato vabhUvocitasamvidhAnaH // sUkSmavato luptamavetya cetaH zrIpAdayonija brajatAthavetaH / pravApi tatratyarajastu tena saMzodhanAtrInaguNastu tena / / "" guruviSayaka bhaktibhAva guruviSayaka bhaktibhAvajayodaya meM tIna sthaloM para dekhane ko milatA hai / do sthala udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM : (gha) prapane upavana meM pAe hue munirAja ke prati udita bhAvoM ko bhaktibhAba ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dekhie : " pati yatInAM sumita pratIkSya tadA tadAtithyavidhAnadakSam / mudogana kAmazarapratAnamaGgIcakAropavanapradhAnaH // phullatyasa GgAdhipati munInamavekSamANo vakulaH kulInaH / trinetra hAnAkuralAn vadhUnAM vratAzritaM vAgatavAnadUnAm / / + + + easy raghumAnandavAridhistasya tAvatA / ' itthamAhlAdakAriyo gAvaH sma prasaranti tAH // kalazotpattitAdAtmyamitohaM tava darzanAt / prAgastyakto'smi saMsArasAgarazculukAyate / / mamAtmagehametatte pavitraH pAdapAMzubhiH / manoramatvamAyAti jagatpUtAnilimpitam || he sajjanapatezcandravatprasAdanigheM'khilaH / pAdasamparkato yasya loko'yaM nirmalAyate / / 260 ... .... janma zrI guNa sAdhanaM svayamavan sanduHkhadanyAdbahineneSa viSuprasiddhayazase pApApakRtvasvapaH / maJjupAsakasaGgataM niyamanaM zAsti sma pRthvIbhUte tejaHpuJjamayo yathAgamamathAhisAdhipaH zrImate / / "2 1. jayodaya, 24 / 68-102 2. vahI, 1150-113

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM bhAvapakSa 261 (ghA) muni ke vacanoM ko sunakara jayakumAra kA hRdaya zraddhA se bhara uThatA hai, aura sira jhuka jAtA hai "ityatrApyAparizeSamekato gAtramaGa ku karitamasya bhUbhRtaH / namratAmupajagAma sacchirastAvatA phalabhareNa voddharam // sannipIya vacanAmRtaM guroH sannidhAya hRdi pUtatatpado / prApya zAsanamagAdagAriDAtmadausthyamaya morayaMstadA / / " 1 nRpaviSayaka bhaktibhAva - jayodaya mahAkAvya meM nRpaviSayaka bhaktibhAva ke do udAharaNa dekhane ko milate haiN| prathama udAharaNa meM kaviniSTha nRpaviSayaka bhaktibhAva kI prabhivyaJjanA dekhane ko milatI hai / 2 nRpaviSayaka bhaktibhAva kA dUsarA udAharaNa vahA~ para hai, vahA~ jayakumAra samrAT bharata ke pAsa jAte haiM prora bharata ke prati prAdarabhAva prakaTa karate haiM : " sadanumAnite taralito hite pariSadAspade bharatamAdade / yadiva khaJjanaH paramA janamaca nabhaH sthale zazinamujjvale // samagrahItanapi kinna hi sA ca tamobhistvamRdurazmiH / mudasthiti varddhayanniti sambabhAvatoddhA paristhitiH // bhAlaM jayasya namadAdijacakrapANeH pAdAgratasta samabhAriha tatpramANe / nityaM vibhAvamaya doSavizodhanAya paGkeruhasya purataH zazino'bhyupAtaH // zatazaH sphuraskiraraNabhunnakhAgravat karasaMyugaM bharata cakriNo'bhavat / vivimbazobhi sahasobhimAtaraH zazizobhanaM jayamukhaM samRddharat // vibabhUva bhUH parikRterapIti yat pratipatkalodayakarI kaveriyam / samabhUtamAM murucibhAgihottamA sadasaH praharSaNagaraNazriyA samA / / "3 vyagya vyabhicAribhAva vyaGgya vyabhicAribhAvoM ke aneka udAharaNa jayodaya mahAkAvya meM dRSTigocara hote haiM, yahA~ una sabako prastuta karanA sambhava nahIM hai, isalie udAharaNa rUpa meM kevala do sthaloM kA varNana prastuta hai : * (gha) bharata ke pAsa gae hue jayakumAra kI pratIkSA karatI huI sulocanA kA protsukya bhAva dekhiye : ma 1. jayodaya, 2 / 140-141 2. pahI, 111-77 3. vahI, 2018-12

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262 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana "pratIkSayAmAsa jayaM kizorI yathodayantaM zazinaM cakorI / sUpaH sakaSTaM tamasopasRSTa-rayeNa nIrorucayena dRSTaH // ry (prA) hastinApura meM praveza karate huye jayakumAra kI ceSTA meM iSaM nAmaka bhAva kI jhalaka dekhiye : yAvrajatyatijavena pattanaM mAvicAramiha yAtu kicana / prItrayA tulitena mudaM vahan niryayAvapi mahAMgasaMgrahaH // niragAmitA sanniyogaviSaye niyo rasAt / tayasya ca manorathasya cAnanyavegina ihAvirAya sA // 2 paripuSTa sthAyibhAva--- jo sthAyibhAva puSTa hokara rama kA rUpa grahaNa nahIM kara pAte, unheM bhI 'bhAva' mAnA jAtA hai / isakA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai. -- bhAtItaM kRtvA manovizadabhAvipathi vaM padmA somasuto satyArambham / tiSThata bhAvanA sadbhAvAvArAddarakRtitAvibho bhavyo vA / / " 7 yahA~ para nAmaka aparipu sthAyibhAva ko zrabhivyaJjanA ho rahI hai / (kha) vIrodaya mahAkAvya meM bhAva 1. jayodaya, 20154 2. vahI, 21 / 5-6 3. vahI, 23 97 jayodaya ke samAna hI vIrodaya meM bhI devaviSayaka bhaktibhAva kI prabhivyaJjanA sarvAdhika huI hai| isake pratirikta isameM guruviSayaka bhakti praura nRpa - viSayaka bhakti kA bhI eka-eka sthala dekhane ko milatA hai / vyabhicAribhAva evaM paripuSTa sthAyibhAva ke bhI kucha udAharaNa milate haiM / kramazaH udAharaNa prastuta haiM- bhra devaviSayaka bhaktibhAva -- devafare bhaktibhAva ke vIrodaya meM sAta udAharaNa milate haiM, jinameM se do udAharaNa prastuta haiM 1. granthArambha meM maGgalAcaraNa meM kavi ne jaina tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti kI hai"zriye jinaH so'stu yadIyasevA samastasaMzrotRjanasya mevA / drAkSeva mRduvI rasane hRdo'pi prasAdinI no'stu manAk zramo'pi / / kAmAritA kAmitasiddhaye naH samarthitA yena mahodayena / saMvAbhijAto'pi ca nAbhijAtaH samAjamAnyo vRSabho'bhighAtaH //

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. m mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-grantho meM bhAvapakSa candraprabhaM naumi yadaGgasArastaM kaumudastomamurIcakAra / sukhaJjanaH saMlabhate praNazyattamastayA''tmIyapadaM samasya / / ___x x x x x vIra tvamAnandabhuvAbhavIra: mIro guNAnAM jagatAmamIraH / eko'pi sampAtitamAmaneka lokAnanekAnta matena neka // "1 2 devaviSayaka bhakti bhAva kA eka udAharaNa vaha sthala hai, jahA~ bhagavAn ke garbhAvataraNa ke pazcAt devagaNa ne mAtA priyakAriNI kI pUjA kI hai "tadiha sura-surezAH prApya saddharmalezA varapaTaha-raNAdyaH kiJcana zreSThapAdyaiH / nava-navamapi kRtvA te muhastAM ca nutvA sadudayakalitAGgI jagmuriSTaM varAGgIm / / "2 napaviSayaka bhaktimAva - napaviSayaka bhaktibhAva kA udAharaNa vaha hai, jahA~ kavi ne rAjA siddhArtha kA varNana kiyA hai "niHzeSana mrAvanipAlamauli-mAlArajaHpiJjaritAdhrimauliH / siddhArthanAmA'sya babhUva zAstA kIrtIH zriyo yasya vadAmi tAstAH / / sauvarNya mudIkSya ca dhairyamasya dUraM gato meruraho na pasya / muktAmayatvAcca gambhIrabhAvAdetasya vAdhiglapitaH sadA vA // + + + + + ekA'sya vidyA zravasozca tattvaM samprApya lebhe'tha caturdazatvam / zaktistathA nIti catuSkasAramupAgatA'sau navatA babhAra / / "3 guruviSayaka bhaktimAva __ maGgalAcaraNa meM hI kavi ne apane gurujanoM ke prati bhaktibhAva pradarzita kiyA hai "jJAnena cAnandamupAzrayantazcaranti ye brahmapathe sajantaH / teSAM gurUNAM sadanugraho'pi kavitvazaktI mama vighnlopii| evaM "zakto'yavA'haM bhavitA'smyupAyAdbhavantu me zrIguravaH sahAyAH / piturvilabdhAGga.limUlatAtiryadiSTadezaM zizuko'pi yAti // " 1. vorodaya, 1 / 1-5 2. vahI, 4163 3. vahI, 311-4 4. vahI, 17, 8

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294 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya vyaGgya vyabhicArimAva -- vIrodaya meM rAnI priyakAriNI se svapna sunakara rAjA kI jo dazA ho jAtI hai, use hama harSa praura prAvega nAmaka vyabhicAribhAvoM kI vyaMgyatA kaha sakate haiM / ' prapane pitA ke sammukha vivAha prastAva asvIkAra karate samaya mahAvIra svAmI kA niveda nAmaka vyabhicAribhAva bhI pUrNarUpeNa zrabhivyaJjita huA hai| paripuSTa sthAyibhAva rUpa se abhivyaJjita ho rahA hai / - rAnI apane dvArA dekhe gaye solaha svapna rAjA ko sunAne prAtI hai"nayanAmbuja samprasAdinoM dinapasyeva ruci tamo'rdanIm / samudIkSya nijAsanArdha ke sma sa tAM vezayatItyathAna ke / / 3 eka adhyayana deferre bhaktibhAva - - isa sthala para rAjA siddhArtha kA rAnI priyakAriNI ke prati ratibhAva prapUrNa 1. vIrodaya, 4 / 37 2. vahI, 8 / 23 3. vahI, 4 / 30 4. sudarzanodaya, 111-2 - (ga) sudarzanodaya meM bhAva - sudarzanodaya meM bhI bhAvakAvya ke pA~coM prakAra dRSTigocara hote haiN| pAMcoM prakAra sodAharaNa prastuta haiM- sudarzanodaya meM devaviSayaka bhaktibhAva kI abhivyaJjanA cAra sthaloM para huI hai / do sthala udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM (ma ) maGgalAcaraNa meM kavi ne jinendradeva kI stuti kI hai-- "vIraprabhuH svIyasubuddhinAvA bhavAbdhitIraM gamitaprajAvAn / surArAdhyaguNAnvayA vAgyasyAsti naH zAsti kavitvagAvA // bAgulamA karmakala je tu ranta duHkhAmbunidho tu setuH / mamAstvamuSmistararaNAya heturadRSTapAre kavitAbhare tu / / "4 (mA) zrIjJAnasAgara ne bharhantadeva kI pUjA meM aneka bhajana sudarzana dvArA prastuta karAye haiM, unameM se eka prastuta hai "jina pariyAmo modaM tava mukhabhAsA || khinnA yadiva sahabakudvidhinA, niHsvajanI niSinA sA // surasanamazanaM labdhvA ruciraM sucirakSudhitajanAzA //

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-anyoM meM mAvapakSa 265 kekikalaM tu lapatyatimadhuraM jaladastanitasakAzAt // kinna cakoraDazoH zAntimayI prabhavati candrakalA saa||' guruviSayaka maktimAva sudarzanodaya meM guruviSayaka bhaktibhAva ko abhivyaJjanA sAta sthaloM para huI hai| do sthala udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta haiM (gha) sudarzanodaya meM maGgalAcaraNa meM kavi ne guruvandanA kI hai "bhavAndhusampAtijanakabandhuruzcidAnandasamAdhisindhuH / gatimamaitatsmaraNakahastAvalambinaH kAvyapathe prazastA // "2 (prA) seTha vRSabhadAsa bhora jinayati svapnoM kA tAtparya jAnane hetu eka munirAja ke pAsa jAte haiM / donoM unakA darzana karake unheM praNAma karate haiM "kezAndhakAroha zirastiro'bhUd dRSTvA munIn, kamalAzriyo bhuuH| karadataM kaDamalatAmayAsIttayorjajambhe mudapAM surAziH / / kRtAparAdhAviva baddhahastI jagadviteccho tmgrtsto| mito'tha tatpremasamicchukeSu saGkalezakRtvAdatikotukeSu / dRSTveti nirgatya palAyitA vAGnamo'stvitIDaG madhulA miyAvA / / ' naviSayaka maktimAva . rAjA dhAtrIvAhana ke varNana meM kavi kA nRpaviSayaka bhaktibhAva pamivyajita hotA hai "dhAtrIvAhananAmA rAjAbhUdiha nAsya samo'vani bhAnAm / tejasvIraka yAM'zumAlI nijaprajAyAH yaH pratipAlI / / yatirivAsako samarasaGgataH sudhArasahitaH svargivanmataH / pRthudAnavAririndrasamAna evaM nAnAmahima vidhAnaH // "4 vyagya vyabhicArimAva jinamati ke vacanoM meM harSa nAmaka vyabhicAribhAva ko,5 vaSamadAsa. vicAroM meM cintA nAmaka vyabhicArimAva kI bhora gyAle ke lar3ake ke manobhAvoM 1. sudarzanodaya, zagIta saM 7 2. vahI, 13 3. bahI, 2025-27 4. vahI, 1138-39 5. vahI, 2036 1. vahI, 342

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296 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana meM dayA nAmaka vyabhicAribhAva ko' paripura abhivyaJjanA spaSTa dRSTigocara hotI hai / jar3atA nAmaka vyabhicArimAva kI abhivyaJjanA prastuta hai "ityevaM vacasA jAtastamasevAvRto vidhuH / vaivayenAnvitatanuH kiJcitkAlaM sudarzanaH / / "2 vaise to vyajita vyabhicAribhAva ke aura bhI udAharaNa haiM, kintu vistAra ke bhaya se unheM prastuta karanA anucita samajhatI huuN| aparipuSTa sthAyimAva bhAvakAvya ke isa prakAra ke bhI do udAharaNa prastuta haiM(ma) ,parivaddhimitodarAM hi tAM sulasaddhAmapayodharAJcitAm / mumude sa mudIkSya tatpatirbhuvi varSAmiva cAtakaH satIm // "3 (pRthvI meM sundara jala-dhArA vAle bAdaloM se yukta vRddhi ko prApta varSA ko dekhakara jaise cAtaka prasanna hotA hai, vaise hI stanoM para suzobhita hAra vAlI mora bar3hate hue udara vAlI apanI patnI ko dekhakara vaha seTha pratyadhika prasanna humA / ) yahA~ para seTha vRSabhadAsa kA vAtsalyabhAva abhivyaJjita to humA hai, para mapUrNa raha gayA hai| (pA) "antaHpuraM dvA:sthanirantarAyi sudarzanaH prossdhsmbidhaayii| vijairavAcItyavadaH prayogaH syAdatra kazcittvaparo hi rogaH // ___ yahA~ para vismaya nAmaka sthAyibhAva kI abhivyaJjanA pUrNa nahIM ho sakI hai| (gha) bIsamudradattacaritra meM bhAva ___ isa kAvya meM nRpaviSayaka bhaktibhAva ke atirikta anya cAra bhAvoM kA thor3A bahuta varNana mila jAtA hai / kramazaH vAroM bhAva sodAharaNa prastuta haiMdevaviSayaka bhaktibhAva isakA kevala eka udAharaNa hai, vaha bhI grantha ke prArambha meM "namAmyahaM taM puruSaM purANamabhUyagAdo svayameva zANaH, dhiyo'siputyA duritacchidarthamuttejanAyAtitarAM samarthaH / / 1. sudarzanokya, 4 / 24 2. vahI, 218 3. vahI, 2050 4. vahI, 81

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapakSa 267 zrIvarddhamAnaM bhUvanatraye tu vipatpayodhesta raNAya setum / namAmi taM nijitamIna ketuM namAmito hantu yato'ghahetaH / / " yahAM para kavi kA RSabhadeva ke prati aura varddhamAna bhagavAn ke prati bhaktibhAva abhivyajita ho rahA hai| guruviSayaka bhaktimAva guruviSayaka bhaktibhAva cAra sthaloM para vaNita hai| do udAharaNa prastuta (ka) grantha ke prArambha meM kavi kI gurubhakti vaNita hai "samasti kAvyoddharaNAya me tu guromahAnugraha eva hetuH / payonidheH santaraNAya seturvarmAthavA zastrahati vijetum // (kha) rAjA cakrAyudha yativeza dhAraNa karake bana ko cala detA hai / vaha apane pitA muni aparAjita ko dekhakara atyanta prasannatA kA anubhava karatA hai| unake prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke sammukha natamastaka ho jAtA hai| vinayapUrNa zandoM meM unakI vandanA karatA hai, aura saMsAra-sAgara se pAra utarane kA upAya pUMchatA hai / jyaGgya vyabhicAribhAva __ kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para mati, amarSa ityAdi vyabhicAribhAvoM ko bare hI acche DhaGga se abhivyajita kiyA hai| aparipuSTa sthAyimAva ___ vismaya, kroSa ityAdi sthAyibhAvoM kI prapUrNa abhivyaJjanA bhI zrIsamudradattacaritra meM dRSTigocara hotI hai / (5) bayodayacampU meM mAva __ zrIsamudradattacaritra ke samAna isameM bhI nRpaviSayaka bhaktibhAva ko chor3akara anya cAra prakAra ke bhAva vaNita haiM / cAroM sodAharaNa prastuta haiM 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 11-2 2. vahI, 116 3. vahI, 7 / 24.33 4. vahI, 31 5. vahI, 5 // 32 6. vahI, 2 / 24 7. vahI, 411

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218 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya -eka adhyayana deviSayaka bhaktibhAva-- devaviSayaka bhaktibhAva kI abhivyaJjanA kevala grantha ke prArambha meM "zrIpatibhaMgavAn jIyAd bahudhAnyahitApinAm / bhaktAnAmudgatatvena yadbhaktiH sUpakAriNI // kartu kuvalayAnandaM sambaddhaM ca sukhaM janaH / candraprabhaH prabhuH syAnnastamastomaprahANaye // zrImate varddhamAnAya namo'stu vizvazvane / yajjAnAntargataM bhUtvA trailokyaM goSpadAyate // natastasya sarasvatya vimalajJAnamUrtaye / patkRpAGkaramAsvAdya gAvo jIvanti naH sphuTam // "" guruviSayaka bhaktimAva guruviSayaka bhaktibhAva kI abhivyaJjanA grantha meM cAra sthAnoM para milatI hai / unameM se do prastuta haiM(a) prathama meM kavi kA guruviSayaka bhaktibhAva abhivyajita hotA hai "yaH zAstrAmbunidheH pAraM samuttamahAtmabhiH / potAyitamitastebhyaH zrIgurubhyo namo namaH // 2 (mA) dvitIya udAharaNa meM somadatta kA mAtA-pitAviSayaka bhaktibhAva abhivyaJjita hai "sa ca tAM madulatamahRdayalezAM svasavitrInivizeSAM gopavara JcAnitarAM pitaramiva manvAnaH sukhena samayayApanaM tanvAnaH samavartata / ' bhyagya vyabhicArimAva mRgasena ke vyavahAra meM jar3atA, ghaNTA dhIvarI kI ceSTA meM harSa, mRgasena ke r3hasaGkalpa meM nirveda aura mati' gaNapAla ko govinda se bAtacIta meM pravAhityA' 1. dayodaya campU, 1 / 1-4 2. vahI 115 !. vahI, zazloka 1. ke bAda kA gadyamAga / 4. vahI, zazmoka 2 ke bAda kA gayabhAva / 5. vahI, zazloka 7 ke bAda dUsarA gavamAga / 6. bahI, 2028 __7. vahI, loka 3 pora usake pahale kA gavamAna /

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-prajyoM meM mAvapakSa 269 somadatta bhora viSA kA samAcAra jAmakara muNapAla kI cintA,' guNazrI ko vyAkulatA meM zaGkA, mahAbala kI mRtyu ke pazcAt somadatta kA nirveda aura muraNapAla ke vyavahAra meM (jaba somapatta ke jAmAtA hone para bhI vaha usako mAranA cAhatA hai) amarSa samyak rIti se abhivyajita huA hai| aparipuSTa sthAyimAva somadatta ke gale meM baMdhe patra ko par3hakara vasantasenA ke mana meM jo bhAva jAgarita hotA hai, vaha pautsukya hai| somadatta kI madhura mAkRti se usake mana meM jo sneha jAgarita hotA hai, vaha rati hai| kintu ye sabhI sthAyibhAva una sthaloM para pUrNarUpeNa paripuSTa nahIM ho sake haiM / prataH ina sthaloM para rasakAvya na hokara bhAvakAmya hI raha gayA hai| (Ta) bhAvAbhAsa kA svarUpaM jaba bhAvoM kI ekapakSIya athavA bhanaucityapUrNa abhivyakti hotI hai to vaha bhAvAbhAsa kahalAtI hai| kucha bhAvoM ko sambhAvanA niyata prAzrayoM meM hotI hai kintu jaba ye bhAva aniyata pAzrayoM meM dRSTigocara hote haiM to bhAvAbhAsa ke rUpa meM badala jAte haiN| (8) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM bhAvAbhAsa kavivara jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM bhAvAbhAsa ke kevala tIna udAharaNa milate hai / pahanA udAharaNa sudarzanodaya kA hai "ityevaM padayordayodayavato nanaM patitvA'tha sA ___ samprAhA''dariNI guNeSu shminstvaatmiiynindaadshaa| 1. dayodaya cambhU, / prArambhika gybhaag| 2. vahI, 5 // zloka 14 ke bAda ke saMvAda meM / 3. vahI, zantima gvbhaag| 4. vahI, 6 // zloka 2 ke pahale kA gbbhaag| 5. vahI, 412 6. vahI, 4 // zloka 11 ke pahale ke gavamAga se (zloka 13 ke pahale ke gara bhAna tk| 7. vahI, zazloka 14 ke bAda tIsarA gavabhAga / 8. (3) kAvyaprakAza, 1136vIM kArikA ke pUrvArSa kA arthAza / (kha) sAhityadarpaNa, 31262 kA uttraarss|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana svAmistvayyaparAddhamevamiha yanmoDhayAnmayA sAmprataM mantavyaM tadaho punIta bhavatA deyaM ca sUktAmatam // "' (sudarzana ko par3hatA se prabhAvita hokara devadattA ne unakI stuti kii| tatpazcAt dayAlu aura zAnta sudarzana ke caraNoM para girakara, unake guNoM ke prati prAdarabhAva dhAraNa karane vAlI, apane duSkRtyoM kI nindA karate hue devadattA ne kahA-he svAmin ! prajJAnavaza jo maiMne prApake prati aparAdha kiyA hai, use kSamA kara dIjiye / he pavitra AtmA vAle ! mujhe upadezarUpa vacanAmata dIjie / ) isa zloka meM eka vezyA meM apane svabhAva ke viruddha glAni, viyoSa, mati, viSAda, zama (nirveda) prAdi bhAva dikhAI de rahe haiM, prataeva unheM bhAvAbhAsa kahA jA sakatA hai| dUsara. udAharaNa zrIsamudra dattacaritra se hai / isa sthala para rAmadattA apane hI putra siMhacandra kI vandanA karatI hai, jo ucita bhAva nahIM hai| prataH ise bhaktibhAvAbhAsa ho kahA jA sakatA hai| tIsarA udAharaNa dayodayacampU se hai / magasena dhIvara apanI prAkheTa kI pravRtti ko chor3akara mokSamArga kI ora unmukha hone lagatA hai / usako yaha ceSTA bhI bhAvAbhAsa ke antargata praaegii| (Ga) bhAvazakti kA svarUpa hamAre hRdaya meM aneka bhAva suSuptAvasthA meM rahate haiN| kucha vizeSa sthitiyoM meM ye jAgarita hote haiM mora kucha vizeSa kAraNoM se ye puna: zAnta ho jAte haiM / hRdaya meM uThate hue ina bhAvoM ke tirohita ho jAne ko bhAvazAnti kahate haiM / 4 (da) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM bhAvazAnti mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM eka do udAharaNa bhAvazAnti ke bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM 1. sudarzanodaya, 6 / 31 2. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 4 / 16-21 3. dayodayacampU, 2 // zloka 8 se zloka 13 ke pahale ke gadya bhAga taka / 4. (ka) kAvyaprakAza, 4 / 36 kA uttarAdha / (kha) sAhityadarpaNa, 3267

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM bhAvapakSa 30 (ka) evaM sumantravacasA bhuvi bhogavatyA do'sapaNamagAtsvidananyagatyA / hastaM vya muJcati mandatayA'pi matyA yadodayAdahusudarzanapuNyatatyAH // "" (punarjana ne kapilA se kahA ki vaha napuMsaka hone ke kAraNa usako AzA pAlana karane meM asamartha hai| usake aise vacana sunakara saMsAra meM bhogavilAsa karane vAlI, kUTila gativAlI kapilA kA darpa samApta ho gyaa| nirupAya hokara usane sudarzana kA hAtha chor3a diyaa| prathavA sudarzana ke puNyoM ke kAraNa usane usakA hAtha chor3A / ) __isa zloka meM sudarzana ke darzana ke kAraNa prabuddha ratinAma sthAyibhAva usake vacanoM ke pariNAma svarUpa zAnti ko prApta ho rahA hai| prataeva yahA~ bhAvazAnti hai| (kha) "ityevaM vacanena mArdavavatA moho'stabhAvaM gataH / yadvadgAruDinaH samantravazataH sarpasya do hataH / / "2 - (devadattA vezyA kI prArthanA para sadarzana ne usako jainadharma kA upadeza diyaa| sudarzana ke sakomala upadeza vacanoM se vazyA kA moha vaisA ho tirohita ho gayA, jaise ki gAruDi ke samantra vaza sarpa kA darpa naSTa ho jAtA hai|) prastuta zloka meM moha nAmaka vyabhicAribhAva ko zAnti kI spaSTa abhivyaJjanA ke kAraNa bhAvazAnti hai| (Na) bhAvodaya kA svarUpa gambhIra jalAzaya meM yadi patthara pheMkA jAya to usake jala meM aneka lahareM uThane lagatI haiN| imo prakAra viziSTa vAtAvaraNa se prabhAvita hokara hamAre hRdaya ke soye hue bhAva jAgarita ho jAte haiN| vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM hRdaya meM bhAvoM kA isa prakAra jAgarita ho jAnA ho bhAvodaya hai / (ta) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM bhAvodaya zrI jJAnasAgara ke sabhI saMskRta-kAvyoM meM bhAvodA ke udAharaNa dekhane ko milate haiM / kramazaH udAharaNa prastuta haiM - 1. sudarzanodaya, 5 / 20 2 vahI, 674 3. (ka) kAvyaprakAza, 436 zA uttraarss| (kha) sAhityadarpaNa, 31267

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302 (ka) jayodaya meM bhAvodaya - sevaka ke vacanoM ko sunakara prakaMkIti meM krodhanAmaka sthAvibhAva evaM ugratAnAmaka vyabhicAribhAva kA udaya huA hai| isI prakAra magara dvArA prAkrAnta hone para jayakumAra meM danya nAmaka bhAva kI abhivyakti huI hai| 2 (kha) vIrodaya meM bhAvodaya - vIrodaya meM bhAvodaya ke do udAharaNa haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra jaba pUrvajanmoM kA jJAna prApta karate haiM, to smRti nAmaka bhAva kA udaya mAnA jA sakatA hai / 3 gautama indrabhUti ke mana meM bhagavAn ko divyavibhUti ko dekhakara vismaya bhAva kA udaya hotA hai / 4 ( sudarzanodaya meM mAbodaya mahAkavi zAmasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana 5 sudarzanodaya meM svapnoM ko sunakara seTha ke mana meM harSa evaM vismaya kI bhivyakti, putrotpatti para haSaM kI abhivyakti, manoramA sudarzana ke paraspara dRSTi vyavahAra meM protsukya kI abhivyakti, pitA ke saMnyAsa se sudarzana ke mana meM nirveda kI abhivyakti niSphala prabhayamatI meM jar3atA kI abhivyakti, 7 O rAnI bora rAjA ke vyavahAra ke pazcAt sudarzana meM nirveda kI abhivyakti evaM sudarzana ke vacanoM se devadattA meM bhaktibhAva kI prabhivyakti bhAvodaya ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiM / (gha) zrIsamudradattacaritra meM bhAvodaya - isa kAvya meM usa sthala para vismaya nAmaka bhAva udita huA hai, jahA~ mahAkaccha rAjA airAvaNa ke vaibhavapUrNa nagara ko dekhanA hai / 12 1. jayodaya, 7 / 17 2. bahI, 2051 3. bIrodaya, 10 38 4. vahI, 13 / 25-27 5. vahI, 2 / 21 6. vahI, 314 7. vahI, 2 / 34-35 8. bahI, 4115 9. vahI, 7 / 30-31 10. bahI, 820-21 11. vahI, 6 / 30 12. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 2 / 16

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta pratthoM meM mAvapakSa (Ga) dayodayacampU meM bhAvodayadayodayacampU meM mRgasena kautuka meM protsukyabhAva kA, 7 ghaNTA ke vyavahAra meM krodha nAmaka sthAyibhAva kA guNapAla ke cintana meM vismaya nAmaka sthAyibhAva kA, viSA ke manobhAvoM meM harSa nAmaka saMcAribhAva kA evaM nAgarikoM ke manobhAvoM meM vismaya nAmaka sthAyibhAva kA udaya huA hai / 0 (tha) bhAvasandhi kA svarUpa jahA~ do bhAva paraspara mitra ke samAna kAvya meM bhAte haiM, vahIM bhAvasandhi hotI hai / 12 (da) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM bhAvasandhi kavi zrI jJAnasAgara ke pAMcoM kAvyoM meM milane vAle bhAvasandhi ke udAharaNa prastuta haiM (ka) jayodaya meM bhAvasandhi sulocanA jaba jayakumAra ke gale meM jayamAlA DAlatI hai, vahIM harSa evaM lajjA nAmaka do bhAvoM kI sandhi hai / 13 jayakumAra mora sulocanA kA vivAha nizcita hone para anya rAjAbhoM ke mana meM cintA prora vaivarNya bhAva sAtha-sAtha uThate haiM / ' 17 303 (kha) vIrodaya meM bhAvasandhi saMsAra kI dazA para cintana hote hue mahAvIra ko apane pUrvajanmoM kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai; mora vaha nirviNNa ho jAte haiN| prataH yahA~ para smRti aura niveda nAmaka do bhAvoM kI sandhi hai / isake pazcAt bhI unake mana meM smRti dhora tarka, donoM bhAva, sAtha-sAtha uThate haiN| (ga) suvazaM godaya meM bhAvasandhi sudarzana jaba apane pitA ko saMnyAsa lete dekhatA hai, to usake mana meM 1. dabodayacampU, 122 2. bahI, 2 / zloka 22 ke bAda kA gadyabhAga / 3. bahI, 3 / prathama bhAga / 4. bahI, 4 / zloka 14 ke pUrva ke madyabhAga | bahI, 6| iloka 10 ke pUrva ke nAbhAga / (ka) kAvyakAza, 4136 kA uttarArdhaM / 7. bIrodaya, 20138 ba. vahI, 11 / 1

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304 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya --eka adhyayana nirveda aura moha nAmaka bhAva sAtha-sAtha A jAte haiM / ' muni ko dayanIya dazA dekhakara gvAle ke putra meM vinA aura viSAda nAmaka bhAva sAtha-sAtha dekhane ko milate haiN|' rAnI abhayamatI ke Upara dAsI ke vacanoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA, isa samaya rAnI ke moha aura ugratA nAmaka saMcArI bhAva eka sAtha abhivyajita hote haiM / (gha) zrIsamudradattacaritra meM bhAvasandhi-- priyaGaguzrI ko pAne meM asamartha vajrasena ke hRdaya meM nirveda aura roSa nAmaka mAva sAtha hI utpanna hote haiM / (Ga) dayodayacampU meM bhAvasandhi sAdhu ke caraNoM meM pratijJA karate hue magasena ke mati aura dhati nAmaka bhAvoM ko sAtha hI abhivya janA hotI hai / 5 magasena kI pratIkSA meM rata dhIvarI jaba magasena ko prAtA huprA dekhatI hai to usake harSa praura protsukya nAmaka bhAva sAthasAtha abhivyajita hote haiM / ' somadatta ko mArane meM satata prayatnazIla gaNapAla ke takaM mora amarSa nAmaka bhAva abhivyajita hote haiN|" (dha) bhAvazabalatA kA svarUpa jahA~ eka hI sthala para kaI bhAva sAtha-sAtha pA jAte haiM, vahAM bhAvazabanatA hotI hai / (na) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhAvazabalatA kavivara jJAnasAgara ke pAMcoM kAvyoM meM se bhAvazabalatA ke udAharaNa prastuta haiM(ka) jayodaya meM bhAvazabalatA. : jayakumAra ke vijayI hone para bhI mahArAja makampana prasanna nahIM hote / unake 1. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 15 2. vahI, 4135 3. vahI, 6 / 25 4. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 2 / 30 5. dayodayacampU, uloka ke bAda kA kapana / 6. vahI, pR0 saM0 23 7. vahI, pu0 saM066 8. (ka) kAvyaprakAza, 4136 kA uttarArSa, (ba) sAhityadarpaNa, 31267

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305 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM mAvapakSa mana meM cintA, jar3atA, mati, buti, viSAda ityAdi bhAva eka sAtha hI ucita ho jAte haiM / ' (sa) vIrodaya meM bhAvazabalatA - jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra ko apane pUrvajanmoM kI yAda bhAtI hai, taba unakA mana smRti, nirveda, cintA, viSAda, mati, ghRti ityAdi bhAvoM se bhara uThatA hai / " bhagavAn kI divyavibhUti se prabhAvita gautama indrabhUti meM tarka, zaGkA, mati, pati, bhakti ityAdi bhAvoM kI prabhivyaJjanA eka sAtha dRSTigocara hotI hai / 3 (ga) sudarzanodaya meM bhAvazabalatA - sudarzana ko dekhakara kapilA brAhmaNI, moha, vyagratA, protsukya, caJcalatA ityAdi kaI bhAvoM kI zikAra ho jAtI hai| kapilA ke vacanoM se prabhAvita rAnI mayamatI ke mana meM vyagratA, protsukya, pramaSaM, cintA, capalatA, smRti ityAdi bhAva udita ho jAte haiN| rAnI prabhayamatI ke durAcaraNa se sudarzana ke mana meM nirveda, glAni, mati, tarka ityAdi bhAva udita ho jAte haiN| (ca) bIsamudradattacaritra meM bhAvazabalatA rAjA cakrAyudha jaba darpaNa meM muMha dekhate samaya apane zira meM eka sapheda bAla dekhatA hai, taba usake mana meM nirveda, tarka, mati, ghRti, cintA bhAdi bhAvoM kA udaya ho jAtA hai / (5) bayodayacampU meM bhAvazabalatA muni ke vacanoM ko sunakara mRgasena ke mana meM tarka, nirveda, mati ityAdi bhAvoM kA udaya eka sAtha huA hai / " mRbasena kI pratIkSA karate hue dhIvarI ke mana maiM cintA, tarka, zaGkA, camcalatA ityAdi bhAvoM kA prAvAgamana hone lagatA hai / " ghaNTA dhIvarI ke dvArA ghara se bAhara nikAla diye jAne para mRgasena ke mana meM nirveda 1. jayodaya, 11-8 2. bIrodaya, 11 / 37-44 3. vahI, 13 / 25-31 4. sudarzanodaya, 5 / 1-15 5. vahI, 6|17-1e 6. vahI, 7 / 22-29 7. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 7 / 2-21 5. eater mpU: 1 / zloka 14 ke bAda kA gadyabhAga | 6. vahI, 1 / zloka 6 ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga se zloka 7 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga taka /

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306 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana tarka, mati, ghRti ityAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti eka sAtha huI hai / ' pati ke cale jAne para dhIvarI ke mana meM bhI mati, nirveda, zaGkA, cintA ityAdi bhAvoM kA udaya eka sAtha huA hai| pati kI mRtyu se vyAkula dhIvarI ke mana meM cintA, vyagratA, jar3atA, moha, nirveda, mati ityAdi bhAva mAne jAne lagate haiM / 3 somadatta ke gale meM ba~dhe huye patra meM usakI mRtyu kA samAcAra jAnakara vasantasenA ke mana meM zaGkA, bitarka, dhRti, mati ityAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti huI hai / 4 yadyapi bhAvazAnti ityAdi ke maura bhI sthala munizrI ke kAvyoM meM milate haiM, kintu vistAra ke bhaya se unakA prastutIkaraNa nahIM kiyA hai / ( pa ) dhvani kA svarUpa jisa kAvya meM vAcyArtha kI prapekSA vyaGgyArtha meM adhika camatkAra dRSTigocara hotA hai, use dhvani-kAvya kahA jAtA hai / kAvya ke do artha hote haiM- eka to vaha jise kavi kahatA hai, dUsarA vaha jise vAstava meM kavi kahanA cAhatA hai / jaba kavi ke kAvya meM dUsarA prathaM sundara bana par3atA hai, taba usako uttama kAvya yA dhvanikAvya kahA jAtA hai / " (pha) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM dhvani mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM dhvani kAvyatva kA prAcurya hai / kintu dRSTAnta rUpa meM pratyeka kAvya meM se eka-eka udAharaNa denA hI paryApta hogA(ka) jayodaya mahAkAvya - sulocanA svayamvara ke prasaGga meM alaGkAra se vastu vyaGgya dhvani kA udAharaNa dekhiye "kAJcIpatirayamAyeM kAJcImapahartumarhatu taveti / kAcIphalavadidAnIM dvivaratAM vibhramAdeti // 6 (he pAyeM ! kAJcI nagarI kA vaha zAsaka tumhArI karadhanI ko kholane 1. dayodayacampU, 2 / 23-28 2. bahI, 2 / zloka 30 ke pUrva ke madyabhAga se zloka 31 taka / 3. bahI, 20 zloka 32 ke pUrva ke gadyabhAga se iloka 34 taka / 4. bahI, 4 / zloka 10 ke bAda se zloka 12 ke bAda ke gadyabhAga taka / (ka) kAvyaprakAza, 114 kA uttarArdhaM / (sa) sAhityadarpaNa, 401 kA uttarArdha / 6. jayodaya 6 / 36

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mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM mAvapakSa . 307 yogya ho, jo ki isa samaya kacanAra ke phala ke samAna do raMgoM kA vibhrama utpanna kara rahA hai|) yahAM para sulocanA kI paricArikA kAJcInagarI ke rAjA kA paricaya deto hai| yahAM para upamA alavAra mora dvayarthaka vivaraNaMtA' pada se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki yaha doharI noti calane vAlA hai, ataH isakA varaNa karanA ucita nahIM hogaa| (kha) vIrodaya mahAkAvya-- divyA GganAmoM dvArA mAtA kI sevA ke prasaGga meM dhvani kA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai : "ziro gurutvAnnatimApa bhaktitulAsthitaM cetyucitava yuktiH / karadvayI kuDamalakomalA sA samuccacAlApi tadeva tAsAm // "" (usI samaya una deviyoM ke bhaktirUpI tulA ke eka pala para sthita sira to bhArI hone ke kAraNa nIce jhuka gaye aura dUsare palar3e para sthita kamala ke samAna komala donoM hAtha Upara uTha gae, yaha bAta ucita pratIta hotI hai)| isa zloka meM rUpaka malaGkAra se yaha vastu dhvanita hotI hai ki deviyoM ne baDA sahita mastaka jhukA kara mora donoM hAtha jor3akara mAtA priyakAriNI ko praNAma kiyaa| (ga) sudarzanodaya devadattA ke sudarzana ke sAtha bAtacIta karane meM nikalatI huI dhvani kA udAharaNa prastuta hai : "mantaH samAsAdya punarjagAda kAmAnurUpoktivicakSaNA'daH / kimarthamAcAra iyAn vicArya bAlye'pi labdhastvakayA badA'yaM / "2 (sudarzana ko apane ghara le jAkara kAmaceSTA ke anurUpa vacana bolane meM catura usa vaizyA ne kahA-he mArya ! isa bAlyAvasthA meM kyA socakara tumane itane kaThina vrata ko aGgIkRta kiyA hai ?) yahA~ devadatA ke kapana meM yaha dhvani nikalatI hai ki yaha samaya to bhogavilAsa karane kA hai| sAdhu-veza dhAraNa karane kA nahIM, mataH mApa mere sApa bhogabilAsa kIjie / yaha svataH sambhavI vastu se vastubaMjaya dhvani kA udAharaNa hai| (1) bIsamudradattacaritra____ bhadramitra apane pitA se dhanArjana hetu videza jAne kI anumati mAMgatA hai; mora kAtA hai : 1. vIrogya, 125 2. sudarzanodaya, 9 / 14

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kAvya-eka adhyayana "prAditya urdhyA rasabhuka samasti tato hi santApakaraprazastiH / ' vidhuH kalAbhiH parivarddhaka: san pituH prasatya jagato'pyalaM sH|" (sUrya pRthvI ke ekatrita jala ko grahaNa karatA hai, isIlie usakI prasiri santApa dene vAle rUpa meM hotI hai| kintu candramA apanI kalAnoM se apane pitA samudra kI vRddhi karatA huprA saMsAra ke sabhI logoM ko acchA lagatA hai|) bhadramitra ke kahane kA tAtparya hai ki putra do prakAra ke hote haiM-prathama to be hote haiM jo pitA dvArA ajita dhana ko vinA soce samajhe naSTa karane para tule rahate haiM, aura pitA ko kaSTa dete haiM / dUsare ve hote haiM jo pitA dvArA prajita dhana ko apane kauzala se bar3hAte haiM, aise putroM ko pitA to pyAra karate hI haiM. anya loga bhI unake guNoM kI sarAhanA kie vinA nahIM rahate / ataH svayaM dhanArjana karake maiM bhI spRhaNIya putra bananA cAhatA hUM, santApakArI putra nhiiN| yahAM prastutaprazaMsA pralaMkAra se ukta vastu dhvanita hotI hai| (5) bayodayacampU ___ guNapAla ko mRtyu ke pazcAt zokAkula guNatrI ke kapana meM dRSTAnta malakAra se vastuvyaGagya dhvani dekhie : "uddhUlitA dhUlirahaskarAyApyapetya sA mUni nurstvimaayaaH| imAM sadukti valaye prasiddhAmupaiti me saMghaTitAM suvitA // "2 yahAM guNazrI yaha kahanA cAhatI hai ki svayaM kiye duSkarmo kA phala svayaM ko bhoganA par3atA hai; mere pati bhI somadatta ko mArane meM satata prayatnazIla the, isalie svayaM hI mRtyu-mukha meM pahuMca gye| (ba) guNIbhUtavyaMgya kA svarUpa jisa kAgya meM vyaMgya guNIbhUta ho jAtA hai-arthAt ava vAcyArtha pradhAna ho aura vyaMgyArtha prapradhAna,-usa kAvya ko guNIbhUtavyaMgya kAvya kahate haiN| (bha) kavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM guNIbhUta-vyaGgya - dhvani-kAvya ke samAna hI guNIbhUta-vyaGagya kAvya ke bhI aneka udAharaNa zrImAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM raSTigocara hote haiM, kintu zoSa-prabandha ko aura vistAra dene kI anicchA se pratyeka kAvya kA eka-eka hI udAharaNa prastuta karanA ThIka rhegaa| 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 313.. . . 2. kyodayacampU: 67 3. (ka) kAvyaprakAza, 115 kA pUrvAdha / (ba) sAhityadarpaNa, 3 / 13 kA pUrvASaM /

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mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM mAvapakSa (ka) jayogya mahAkAvya yuddha kI taiyArI ke prasaMga meM aparAga guNIbhUtavyaMgya kA udAharaNa prastuta "azrunIramadhunA sakajjalamAkSe ripuvdhuupyodhrH| dikkulaM khalu rajo'nvitaM tadutpAtamasya gamane'rayo viduH / / " yahAM para prathama-paMkti meM karuNa rasa kI spaSTa abhivyaJjanA ho rahI hai kintu yaha abhigyajanA vIra rasa kI abhivyaJjanA meM sahAyaka hai, isalie yahAM para aparAga (guNIbhUta) vyaGgya kAmya hai / (ba) vorodaya mahAkAvya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prasaGga meM pragUDha-guNIbhUta vyaMgya kA udAharaNa dekhie : "prativRddhatayeva sannidhiM samupAgantumazakyamambuSim / / amarAH karuNAparAyaNAH samupAninyurapAtra nighaNAH // 2 yahAM yaha abhivyaJjanA nikalatI hai ki devagaNa samudra ke jala ko sumeru parvata taka pahuMcA rahe haiM, yaha abhivyaJjanA itanI spaSTa hai ki yahAM dhvani kAmya baMsA mAnanda nahIM mAtA, isaliye guNIbhUta vyaGgya kAvya hai| (ga) sudarzanodaya bhaMga-deza-varNana ke prasaGga meM prasundara guNIbhUta vyaGgya kA udAharaNa prastuta "paramAgamapAragAminA vivitA syAM na kadAcanA'munA / sma dadhAti supustakaM sadA savizeSAdhyayanAya zAradA // 3 ... (kahIM paramAgama ke pAragAmI isa sudarzana se maiM parAjita na ho jAUM, yaha socakara sarasvatI vizeSa pradhyayana ke liye hAtha meM sadaiva pustaka dhAraNa karatI hai|) yahA~ para dhvani nikalatI hai ki sudarzana pratyanta vidvAn thA, usakI grAhya paMkti pradbhuta thii| kintu yaha vyaMgyArtha vAcyArtha kI apekSA sundara nahIM hai, ataH yahA~ para prasundaraM guraNIbhUtavyaGagya kAnya hai| 1. jayodaya, 7101 2. vIrodaya, 723 3. sudarzanodaya; 331

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310 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana (gha) zrIsamudradattacaritra granpArambha meM agUDhaguNIbhUtamyaGagya kA udAharaNa dekhie : "nAhaM kavimatthaMbhavo nu pasmi sarasvatIsaMgrahaNAya tasmin / mamApyataH kAvyapathe'dhikAra: samastu pitrInanuvAlacAraH // "" (maiM kavi nahIM hU~, maiM to manuSya janma ko dhAraNa karane vAlA sAdhAraNa prANI huuN| ataH vidyAprApti ke lie merA bhI kAvyarUpI mArga meM adhikAra hai| bAlaka pitA ityAdi pUjya vyaktiyoM kA ho anusaraNa karatA hai / ) yahAM para yaha dhvani spaSTa nikalatI hai ki mujhase pUrva aneka kavi ho gae haiN| kAvya-racanA meM majhe unhIM kA anusaraNa karanA hai| isa dhvani kI pratyadhika spaSTatA ke kAraNa yahA~ guraNIbhUta vyaMgya kAvya hai| (5) dayodayacampU - mahAbala ko mRtyu ke pazcAt guNapAla ke kathana meM pragUDha (guNIbhUta) vyaMgya kI jhalaka dekhie : "maho kilatadapyasmAkaM zirasyeva vadhamApatitamAbhAtIti / manasi nidhAya jagAdasa punarAgato na veti / "2 yahA~ guNapAla ke kathana se-kahIM mahAbala ho to mRtyu ko prApta nahIM ho mayA--yaha artha spaSTarUpeNa abhivyaJjita hotA hai / ma. sArAMza isa vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrIjJAnasAgara ne bhAvapakSa ke samakSa bhedoM ko apane kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai / unake kAvyoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki unakI kavitA 'navarasarucirA' hI nahIM varan 'dazarasarucirA' bhI hai| unake kAvyoM meM varNita anya no rasa zAnta rasa kI puSTi heta hI prastuta kie gae haiN| bhAvoM kI abhivyaJjanA meM to kavi ne apanA adbhuta hI kauzala dikhAyA hai| bhaktibhAva kI abhivyaJjanA bhI zAnta rasa kI abhivyaJjanA meM sahAyaka hai| kavi kI bhAvAbhivyaJjanA ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kavi mAnava mana kA sUkSmatA se adhyayana kara cuke haiN| eka aura nirvada ityAdi ke dvArA somavatta ke sAralya ko prastuta karate haiM, vahIM dUsarI pora mamarSa ke dvArA guNapAla ke haThI svabhAva ko bhI prastuta karate haiM / unakI bhAvAbhivyajanA ne samAja meM prApya sabhI prakAra ke mAnava-svabhAvoM ko hamAre sAmane prastuta kara diyA hai / jayodaya, vIrodaya, pora dayodayacampU ko hama rasAbhivyaJjanA evaM bhAvAmimbaJjanA ko raSTi se saphala kAya kaha sakate haiN| kintu zrIsamudradattacaritra meM kathAnakoM ke vizaGkhala hone ke kAraNa rasAbhivyaJjanA evaM bhAvAbhivyaJjamA ucita prakAra se nahIM ho pAI hai| sahavya pAThaka ko yaha kamI paTakatI hai| 1. mosamudradattacaritra, 1112 2. dayodayacampU, pR0 saM0 103

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aSTama adhyAya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta granthoM meM kalApaca kalA kA svarUpa aura bheda prastuta zoSa-prabandha ke saptama adhyAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki kAvya ke do pakSa hote hai-bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa / bhAvapakSa yadi kAvya kA prANatatva hai to kalApakSa kAvya kA zuGgAra hai / paba isa adhyAya meM muni zrI ke kAmyoM meM kalApamA para vicAra karanA hI hamArA varNya-viSaya hai| 'kalA' zabda 'saMvAranA' arthavAlI kal pAtu se kac evaM TAp pratyayoM' yoga se niSpanna humA hai / ' prataH 'kalA' zabda kA zAbdika artha hai padArca ko saMvArane vaalii| bhaneka bhAratIya evaM pAvaNAtya manISiyoM ne kalA ke viSaya meM apane-apane vicAra prakaTa kie haiN| yahAM unake vicAroM ke sArarUpa meM kalA kA svarUpa kucha isa prakAra batAyA jA sakatA hai :-kisI amUrta padArtha kI suruci ke sAtha sundara evaM mUrta rUpa pradAna karane vAlI ceSTA kA nAma kalA hai| jaba vyakti isa jagata pavyakta satya kI apanI ceSTAmoM se vyakta rUpa pradAna karatA hai taba vaha kalAkAra kahalAtA hai pora usakI ceSTA kalA / bhArata ke prAcIna vidvAnoM ne causaTha kalAeM ginAyI haiN| para pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kalAmoM ko kevala do vargoM meM vibhakta 1. vAmana zivarAma mApTe, saMskRta hindI koza, pRSTha saMkhyA 256 2. gItama, bAtham, nRtyam, pAlezyam, vizeSakacche bam, taNDulakusumavasivikArAH, puSpAstaraNam, dazanavasanAGgarAgaH, maNibhUmikAkarma, zayanaracanam, udakabAvam, udakApAta:, citrAzca yogAH, mAlyagrabanavikalpAH, sarakApIrayojanam, nepathyaprayogAH, karNapatrabhaGgA, gandhayuktiH, bhUSaNayojanam, ainapAmAH, kocumArAzca yogAH, hastalApavam, vicitrazAkyUSanayavikArakriyA, pAnakarasarAnAsavayojanam, sUcIvAnakarmANi, sUtrakrIma, vINADamakavAcAnita prahevikA, pratimAsA, durvAcakayogAH, pustabvAcanam, nATakAsyApikA

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAgya-eka adhyayana kiyA hai-lalita kalA pora upayogI klaa| lalita kalAeM hamAre jIvana ko sarasa banAtI haiM aura upayogI kalAeM hamArI dainika prAvazyakatAeM pUrI karatI haiN| lalita kalAmoM meM pAMca prasiddha kalAeM haiM-kAvyakalA, saMgItakalA, citrakalA, mUrtikalA aura vaastuklaa| inameM kAvyakalA sarvazreSTha kalA hai / apane manobhAvoM ko lekhanI pora kAvyAtmaka vANI ke mAdhyama se sundaratama abhivyakti pradAna karanA hI kAmakasA hai| (kha) kAvya kalA ke aGga jisa prakAra kisI vastu ko sajAne-saMvArane kI prakriyA ke kaI praGga hote hai, usI prakAra kAvya ko sundaratama rUpa dene vAlI kAvya-kalA ke bhI kucha maGga, jo isa prakAra haiM :-malakAra, chanda, guNa, bhASA, zailI, vAgvaiSamya ityaadi| kAmya ke kalAma meM ina sabakA hI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / kAvya meM kalA kA anupAta paba koI padArtha do vastumoM ke saMyoSa se nirmita hotA hai, taba una vastuSoM kAsapadArtha ke nirmANa meM paraspara kitanA anupAta honA cAhie ? yaha prazna bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| puruSa jaba apane rUparaGga, pada pora pratiSThA ke anusAra ho apanA rahana-sahana banAtA hai, tabhI usakA vyaktitva nikhara pAtA hai aura svAsthya bhI ThIka rahatA hai| yadi vyakti apane rUparaGga ityAdi kI upekSA karake vezavinyAsa karatA hai, taba usakA vyaktitva yA to va jAtA hai, yA hAsyApara ho jAtA hai| basa, aisI hI sthiti kAmya meM kalA ke anupAta ko bhI hai / saccI kalA vahI hai jo vyakti ke vicAroM ko yAstavika abhivyakti de ske| kAmya meM bhAvapakSa pradhAna hotA hai, isa bAta ko sabhI sAhityika svIkAra karate haiM / mataH kAmya meM kalA kA darzanam, kAmyasamasyApUraNaya, paTTakAvAnavetravikalpAH, takSakarmANi, takSaNama .. vAstuvidhA, rUpyaparIkSA, pAtubAda: maNirAgAkaramAnam, vRkSAyurvedayogA:, meSakukkuTalAvakayuddhaviSiH, sukasArikApralApanam, utsAdane saMvAhane kezamadane pakauzalam, prakSaramuSTikAkapanam / mlecchitavikalpAH, dezabhASAvijJAnam, puSpazakaTikA, nimittamAnam, yantramAtRkA, dhAraNamAtRkA, sampAThayam, mAnasI kAmyakriyA, abhidhAnakozaH, chandomAnam, kriyAkalpaH, vaimayikInAm balitakayogAH, vastragopanAni, vRtavizeSaH, pAkarSakroga, bAlakrIDanakAni, bejapikoMnAma, vyAyAmikInAM ca vivAnAM jJAnam, iti catuHSaSThiraGgavivAH / -vAtsvAvana, kAmasUtram, 3315 / (caukhambA saMsata saMsthAna vArANasI tRtIya saMsaraNa 1982)

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara saMskRta-pannoM meM kalApamA upayoga karate samaya bhAvapakSa kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| paba kasA japa bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane meM sahAyikA hotI hai, taba vaha prazaMsanIya hotI hai, panyathA bhAvapakSa kI upekSA karake kiyA gayA kalA kA prayoga sahayoM dvArA svIkaraNIya nahIM ho sktaa| kAvya kA pramukha prayojana hai-zIghra mAnanda kI prApti / bhAvapakSa ke prAbalya se prApta isa mAnanda kI abhivyakti karane meM batA kI jitanI mAtrA apekSita hai, kavi ko utanI hI mAtrA meM isakA upayoga karanA caahie| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki kalA bhAvapakSa ke barAbara yA usase jyAdA mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai, usakA mahatva bhAvapakSa se kama hI hai / kalApakSa ke samI bhedoM kA prayoga kiye binA bhI sahRdaya ko kAvya meM prAnanda kI prApti ho sakatI hai| prataH kAvyapraNayana ke samaya kavi ko yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki kalA bhAvapakSa kI sASikA ke rUpa meM hI pAye / vaise kalA kA sAdhikA kA yaha rUpa bhI kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| (gha) mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM kalApakSa kAvya kalA kA svarUpa nirdhArita karane ke pazcAta hamArA varNya viSaya hai ki kavivara dhIjJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM meM kalA-nirUpaNa kisa sImA taka kiyA hai evaM usake kina-kina aMgoM kA prayoga kiyA hai ? prataH praba prastuta hai bhImAnasAgara dvArA prayukta kAmya-kalA ke maGga: (pa) pralAra amavAra zabda 'pralam' upasarga pUrvaka kR dhAtu se ghana pratyaya ke yoga se nirmita hamA hai / isa zabda kA tAtparya hai-sajAne kA upakaraNa / kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se malakAra kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI jA sakatI hai-kavitA-kAminI ko sasambita karane vAle anuprAsa-upamAdi upakaraNoM ko palaGkAra kahA jAtA hai| strI-puruSa pAvazyakatAnusAra hI apane saundarya kI abhivRddhi ke lie alaMkAroM kA prayoga karate hai| kisI-kisI ko to inako dhAraNa karane kI AvazyakatA bhI nahI hotii| yadi koI anAvazyaka rUpa se prAbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai to ve bhUSaNa ke sthAna para dUSaNa kA rUpa le lete haiM aura upahAsa kA pAtra banA dete haiM / kAmya meM bhI prasahAroM kI sthiti bahuta kucha aisI hI haiN| jaba taka ye alaGkAra kAmya se prApya bhAvanA meM pASA nahIM pahuMcAte taba taka inakA prayoga ucita lagatA hai, kintu vahA~ sahAya ko alaGkAroM kI bharamAra ke kAraNa kAvya ke rasAsvAda meM bAbA hone lagatI hai| vahIM ye anAkAra rucikara lagane ke sthAna para bojha lagane lagate haiN| kahIM-kahI

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAma-esapana kAmyoM meM inakI upasthiti ke prabhAva meM bhI mAnanda prApta ho jAtA hai, manaH ye kAvya ke lie bahuta mahatvapUrNa na hokara kavi ke kauzala ke paricAyaka hI hai| bhAratIya-kAvya-zAstriyoM ko bhI alaGkAroM ke viSaya meM aisI dhAraNA hai|' hamAre pAmocya mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ne apanI kavitA-kAminI ko sabAne meM aneka alaGkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| unake kAmyoM ke prAyaH sabhI. moka alaMkata haiN| unake kAmyoM kA parizIlana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, upamA, upameyopamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, prapahnati, pratisayokti, tulyayogitA, prativastUpamA, dRSTAnta, nidarzanA, arthAntaranyAsa, samanvaya, parisaMkhyA, vyatireka, matideza, ullekha, samAsokti, bhanyokti, tadguNa, svabhAvokti, praprastutaprazaMsA, prasaGgati, pratIpa, yayAsaMkhya, dIpaka, vibhAvanA, ekAvalI, punaruktavavAbhAsa ityAdi bhaneka pramaGa kAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kintu anuprAsa, yamaka, upamA, utprekSA aura apanuti-unake vizeSa rUpa se priya pralAkAra haiN| aba unake kAvyoM meM prayukta mukhya-mukhya alaGkAroM ke udAharaNa prastuta haiN| sarvaprathama prastuta hai, bandAlaGkAroM meM agragaNya anuprAsa :-- manuprAsa :-- 'manuprAsaH zabdasAmyaM vaiSampe'pi svarasya yat / ' (sAhitya-darpaNa, 10 // 3) zrImAnasAgara ne anuprAsa ke chekAnuprAsa, vRttyanuprAsa ityAdi sabhI bhedoM kA prayoga apane kAvyoM meM kiyA hai / antyAnuprAsa asmadAlocya kavi kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai / kAvyoM ke kucha aMzoM ko chor3akara kavi ne antyAnuprAsa kA prayoga karane kA stutya prayAsa kiyA hai / nimnalikhita zloka meM vRttyanuprAsa bhora antyAnuprAsa kI milI-julI chaTA kA avalokana kIjie :-- . "sapadi vibhAto jAto praatrbhvbhyhrnnvibhaamH| * zivasadanaM mRduvadanaM spaSTaM vizvapiturjinasavituste // " 8.10 yahAM para kramaza: 'to' varNa kI tIna vAra 'bha' varNa kI do bAra, dana' varNasamUha kI do bAra mora 'tU' varNa ko do vAra mAvRtti huI hai| sAtha hI prathama paMkti kA mantyAvara 'te' dUsarI paMkti meM bhI pAvRtta humA hai| mava dekhie lATAnuprAsa kA udAharaNa "manoramAdhipatvena syAtAya trunnaayte| mano ramAdhipatvena syAtAya taruNAyate // " -sudarzanodaya, // 2 // 1. (ka) kAvyaprakAza, 10 (ba) sAhityadarpaNa, 11

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'mahAkavi -jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa 15 ( he rAnI ! manoramA ke pati rUpa meM prasiddha usa yuvaka (sudarzana) ko tumhArA mana lakSmI ke adhipati ke rUpa meM vikhyAta karane ke lie yuvAvasthA dhAraNa kara rahA hai / ) prastuta zloka meM prathama paMkti kI prAvRtti dvitIya paMkti meM huI hai| donoM paMktiyoM meM tAtparya kA bheda hone ke kAraNa lATAnuprAsa hai / afa ke priya alaGkAra antyAnuprAsa kI bhI eka jhalaka dekha lIjie" he nAtha me nAtha manAvikAraH, cetasyutakAntatayA vicAraH / zatruzca mitraM ca na ko'pi loke, hRSyajjano'jJo nipatecca zoke // loke lokaH svArtha bhAvena mitram nocecchatruH sambhavennAtra citram / rAzI mAtA mahyamastUktaketuH, ruSTaH zrImAn prAtikUlyaM hi hetuH // " sudarzanodaya, 8 / 15-16 yahA~ prathama paGkti ke antima prakSara kI prAvRtti dUsarI paGkti ke anta meM STigocara ho rahI hai, isalie antyAnuprAsa hai / yamaka - zrarthe satyarthaM bhinnAnAM varNAnAM sA punaH zrutiH / yamakam... 11 - ( kAvyaprakAza, 683) zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM ke parizIlana se yamaka ke aneka prakAra ke bhedoM tathA prabhedoM kA prayoga udAharaNa prastuta haiM dhArA yamaka jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne kiyA hai, jinake katipaya "vipallavAnAmiha sambhavo'pi na vipallavAnAmuta zAkhinAmapi / sadA ramante'sya vihAya nambanaM savAramante rucitastataH surAH / / " -jayodaya 24|55 prastuta padma meM prathama pAda ke prAdibhAga kI, dvitIyapAda ke prAdibhAga meM prora tRtIya pAda ke prAdibhAga kI caturthapAda ke prAdibhAga meM prAvRtti hone ke kAraNa ekadezaja prAya yamaka hai / " 1. (ka) "pAdaM dvidhA vA tridhA vibhajya tatraikadezajaM kuryAt / prAvartayettamaMzaM tatrAmyatrAti vA bhUyaH // " - rudraTakRta kAvyAlaMkAraH 3 / 20

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mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke kAma-eka adhyayana "samAzritA mAnavatA'stu tena samAzritA mAnavatAstu tena / pUjyeSathA mAnavatA banena samutthasAmA navatA'pyanena // " -vIrodaya, 17 // 12 isa zloka meM prathama caraNa kI mAtti dvitIya caraNa meM kI gaI hai| prataH :mukha-yamaka' hai|' isI zloka ke prathama caraNa kA madhya bhAga dUsare caraNoM ke madhya bhAnoM meM mAvRtta humA hai, ataH yaha ekavezaja madhya-yamaka bhI hai| pugma-yamaka(ka) "puNyAhavAcanaparA samudakasArA punnyaahvaacnpraasmudkNsaaraa| pAzAsitA suramitA navakotukena bAzAsitAsurabhitAnasakautukena / " _ -jayodaya, 18168 (kha) "sA kAmamutsaGgAtApi tena sA kAmamutsaGgakatA'pi tena / bAJchAmi vAle'ntalatAmanohaM vAJchAmi vAlentalatAmavotram // " -jayodaya, 17125 uparyukta donoM ilokoM meM prathama caraNa kI bhAvatti dvitIya caraNa meM pora tRtIya caraNa kI pAvRtti caturtha caraNa meM hone ke kAraNa 'yugma-yamaka' hai|' pugcha yamaka "tamanyacetaskamavetya tasya saGkalpato'nanyamanA bayaspaH / samAha sadya: kapilakSaNena samAha sabaH kapilaH kSaNena / / -sudarzanodaya, (kha) ziSA vibhakte pAde prathamAdipAdAvibhAgaH pUrvavat dvitIyAdipAvAdi bhAgeSu....... ... .. -kAvyaprakAza, 6 kArikA 83 ke uttarAdha kA dvitIya vyAkhyA mAna / 1. 'paryAyeNAnyeSAmAvRttAnAM shaadipaaden| mukhasaMbaMzAvRttayaH krameNa yamakAni . jAyante // --rudraTAta kAmbAkAra, 2. vahI, 3 / 20 3. "parivRttirnAma bhavevamakaM garmAvRttiprayogeNa / mugapucchayozca yogAda yugmakamiti pAvajaM navamam // " -rudraTakata kAmyAbaGkAra, 31

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApana prastuta zloka meM tRtIya caraNa caturtha paraNa ke rUpa meM pAvRtta humA hai, isalie yaha pucca-yamaka hai|' ekadezana antya yamaka "maho kimAzleSi manoramAyAM svayA'nurUpeNa manoramAyAm / jahAsi matto'pi na kinnu mAyAM videti me'syarthamakinnu mAyAm // " -sudarzanodaya, 1138 spaSTa hai ki prastuta zloka meM prathama caraNa ke antya bhAga kI dvitIya paraNa ke antya bhAga meM pora tutIya caraNa ke antya bhAga kI caturtha paraNa ke antya bhASa meM pAvRtti hone ke kAraNa antya yamaka hai| zleSaliSTaH padairanekA bhiSAne meSa iSyate / " (sAhityadarpaNa, 1012) kavivara jJAnasAgara ne zleSa prasAra kA svatantra rUpa se bhI prayoga kiyA haiM, aura anya malakAroM ke sahAyaka ke rUpa meM bhii| yahAM kucha aise varNana prastuta hai, jinameM zleSa kI sattA svatantra hai| sarvaprathama zItakAla-varNana meM zleSa kI caTA dekhie (ka) "zAmiSu vipallavatvamarthatat saGkucitatvaM khalu mitre'taH / zatyamupetya sadA caraNeSu kalahamite hiSagaNe'tra me zuk // " . -vIrodaya, en (isa zloka ke do prathaM nikalate haiM-eka zItakAla ke pakSa meM mora dasarA mApakAla meM pakSa meM / zloka kA prathama prathaM isa prakAra hai-zItakAla ko prApta karake vRkSoM kA pattoM se rahita ho jAnA, dina kA choTA honA, paroM kA ThiThuranA paura saMtoM kA kiTakiTAnA mere lie zoka kA kAraNa hai |lok kA dvitIya mayaM isa prakAra hai-kuTumbIjanoM kA vipattigrasta honA, mitra kA saMkucita evaM udAsInatAmaya vyavahAra, sadAcaraNa meM Silya pora brAhmaNoM meM kalaha honA mere lie zocanIya hai|) 1. "anyonyaM pazcimayorAvRttyA pAdayobhavetpunchaH / "... -vahI, 10 kA puurvaard| 2. "pA ziSA mA viSA vibhajya tatrakozaNaM kuryAda / pAvartayettamaMzaM tatrAnyatrApi vA bhUyaH // " .. -vahI, 3420

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zloka meM prAyaH pratyeka pada parSaka hai / spaSTa hai ki yahAM zleSAlaGkAra hai| (kha) "padadha vA'sApi jinArcanAyAmapUrvaspeNa mayetyapApAt / manoramAyAti mamAkulatvaM tadeva gatvA sahavAzrayatvam // " -sudarzanodaya, 3 / 37 (sudarzana apanI udAsI kA kAraNa mitroM ko batA rahA hai / usake kathana meM prathama mayaM isa prakAra hai :-he mitro, mAja jinapUjA ke samaya mere dvArA apUrva rUpa se pAlApa liyA gyaa| pAlApa janya pakAna ke kAraNa hI merA mana vyAkula hogA hai| zloka kA dUsarA artha hai-he mitro ! mAja jinArcanA ke samaya mere dvArA jisa bAlA ko dekhA gayA hai, usa bAlA ke sundara rUpa ke kAraNa hI bherA mana vyAkula hai|) prastuta zloka meM 'vA''lApi' pora 'papUrvarUpeNa' ye donoM pada sparSaka haiM / samA'upamA patra sArayalakSmImallakhati nyoH|' -kuvalayAnanda, 6 upamA pralabArasamrAzI hai| usake samrAjJI pada ko muni zrIjJAnasAgara ne pratyaSika sammAna diyA hai / prAkRtika padApoM, nagaroM aura yuddha ke varNana ke samaya unhoMne upamAnoM kA khUba prayoga kiyA hai| yaha alaGkAra kavi ko itanA acchA napatA hai ki usane jJAna, vairAgya paura darzana kI carcA karate samaya bhI isakA prayoga kiyA hai| hamAre kavi apane kAvyoM meM kabhI zliSTa upamAnoM kA prayoga karate . hai.mora kabhI mAnopamAmoM kI jhar3I lagA dete haiN| lIjie, prastuta haiM unake kAvyoM ko upamAnoM ke kucha udAharaNa "jayaH pracakAma vinezvarAlayaM nayApAnaH sadazA samanvitaH / mahAprabhAvagchavirunnatAvarSi vA samestrabhayAnvito raviH // " -cayodaya, 2416. (nItijJa jayakumAra ne sulocanA ke sAtha atyanta prabhAvapUrNa pora beSTha zomA pAle jinamandira kI parikramA kI, jaise ki kAntiyukta sUrya pratyanta prabhAvazAlI paura unnata sumeru parvata kI parikramA karatA hai / ) prastuta zloka meM jayakumAra aura sulocanA upameya haiM aura sUrya tathA sUrya kI prabhA upamAna hai / isI prakAra jinezvarAlaya upameya bhora sameru parvata upamAna haiN| mahAprabhAvacabirugnatAvapim' yaha sAdhAraNa dharma hai / 'yA' zabda upamA kA vAcaka hai| bataeva yahA~ pUrNopamA hai|

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mahAmAsAgara ke saMskRta-mantroM meM kalApana saMsAra kI parivartanazIlatA ke sambandha meM kaviko rupamA dekhie"kimu bhavehipadAmapi sampadA bhuvi zucApi rucApi jagatsadA / karatalAhatakandukavatpunaH patanamutpatanaM ca samastu naH // " -jayodaya, 25 // 1. (isa saMsAra meM kabhI vipatti pora kabhI sampatti kA pAvAgamana hotA rahatA hai| yaha saMsAra zoka mora prasannatA se yukta rahatA hai / jisa prakAra hAtha se mApAta karane para geMda uThatI bhora giratI hai usI prakAra saMsAra meM bhI bhAgyavazAda patana pora utthAna hotA rahatA hai|) prastuta zloka meM geMda ke girane uThane se saMsAra ke patana pora utthAna kI sundara upamA dI gaI hai| geMda upamAna hai aura bhAgya upameya / patana-utthAna sAdhAraNa parma haiN| 'bat' zabda upamAvAcaka hai / praba kaSi ko eka gliSTa upamA prastuta hai"sAladvArA suvarNA ca sarasA caanugaaminii| kAminIva kRtiloke kasya no kAmasiddhaye / / " -jayodaya, 2662 (isa loka meM upamAdi malaGkAroM se susajjita, sundara varNa-vinyAsa vAmI, zuGgArAdi rasopeta, chandobaddha kavi kI kRti, kuNDala hArAdi malaGkAroM se suzobhita, pacche raGga pAlI, sarasa ceSTAmoM vAlI, pati ko anugAminI ke samAna kisakI bAMdhA pUrI nahIM karato?) prastata zloka meM kavikRti upameya mora kAminI upamAna hai| sAsArA, suvarNA, sarasA pora bhanugAminI ityAdi vizeSaNa kavikRti bhora kAminI. donoM ke pakSa meM zleSa ke mAdhyama se prayukta kiye gae haiN| 'iva' upamA vAcaka kSama hai| rAnI priyakAriNI ke varNana meM kavi ko mAlopamA dekhiye"tyeva dharmasya mahAnubhAvA zAntistathAbhUtapasaH sadA vaa| puNvasya kalyANaparamparevA'so tatpadApInasamarthasevA // " -vIrodaya, 316 (utAra mAvoM vAlI vaha rAnI dharma kI dayA ke samAna, tapa kI kSamA samAna, puNya kI kalyANa paramparA ke samAna rAjA ke caraNoM meM rahatI huI usakI pUrNa sAmardI se sevA karatI thii|) . prastuta zloka meM davA kSamA mora kalyANaparamparA rAnI ke upamAna rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye hai, isalie yahA~ para mAlopamA prasAra hai|

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320 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAma-eka adhyayana sudarzana kI bAlyakAlIna ceSTA meM upamA dekhiye* "gurumApya sa vai kSamASaraM sudizo mAturacodayannaram / bhuvi pUjyatayA raviyaMpA naSNambhojamude'bravattathA / " -sudarzanodaya, 220 (jaba sudarzana apanI sukRtakAriNI mAtA kI goda se uThakara pitA ke pAsa pAtApA, taba logoM ke nayanakamaloM ko khilAtA humA vaha sabake pAvara kA pAtra bana pAtA thaa| usa samaya usakI zobhA vaisI hI hotI thI, beTe sUrya pUrva dizArUpa mAlA ko chor3akara udayAcalarUpa pitA ke samIpa jAkara sarovaroM ke kamaloM ko vikasita karatA humA saMsAra meM sabake lie pUjya ho jAtA hai|) prastuta zloka meM sudarzana, usakI mAtA, usake pitA aura netra rUpI kamala upameya hai| paura sUrya, pUrvadizA, udayAcala sarovara ke kamala upamAna hai| sabaMbapatA sAdhAraNa dharma hai / 'yayA' paba rupamA-bAdhaka hai| cakrAyuSa aura usakI rAniyoM ke sambandha meM kavi kI udabhAvanA praSTavya hai "yuvA'gahIdvAriniH samastA babhUvuretAH surasAH samastAH / . sA citramAlA balu tAsa gaGgApaduttamA sphItiparI sadaMgAta // " -zrIsamudradattacaritra, 20 (samudra ke samAna yuvaka cakAyuSa ne uttama jala ko dhAraNa karane vAlI nadiyoM ke samAna, uttama ceSTAmoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlI aneka striyoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| jisa prakAra nadiyoM meM gaGgA sarvazreSTha hai, usI prakAra una rAniyoM meM citramAlA nAmakI rAnI apUrva sonAryazAlinI pora zreSTha thii|) prastuta zloka meM cakrAyuSa, citramAlA evaM anya striyA~ upameya haiM evaM sanuna, maGgA aura anya nadiyAM upamAna haiN| 'surasAH', 'upamAH' aura 'sadaMgAtsphItidharI' sAdhAraNa dharma hai / 'vat' zabda upamAvAcaka hai| mAlavadeza varNana meM kavi dvArA prayukta zliSTopamA kA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai "............suprasikho mAlavanAma dezaH sa pAnekakalpapAvapasannivezatayA mamivApsaraHpariveSatayA pakisAparasvargapradeza iva samavabhAsate // " -dayotyavamyU, 1 // zloka ke bAda kA gavabhAga / . (paneka prakAra ke vRkSoM se yukta aura svaccha jala vAle tAlAboM se yukta yaha suprasiddha mAlava nAma kA deza, aneka kalpakSoM se yukta, sundara apsarAmoM se pariveSTita svarga ke samAna pratIta hotA hai|) prastuta pavabhAga meM mAlavadeza upameya pora svarga upamAna hai| 'manekakalpa. pArapasanniveSatayA' pora malitApsaraHpariveSatayA' zme mAdhyama se sAdhAraNa varma / '' upamAvAcaka zabda hai||

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mahAkavi mAlasAgara ke saMskRta granthoM meM kalApakSa 321 vaise to kavi ne apanI kRtiyoM meM pora bhI aneka sundara-sundara upamAeM prayukta ko haiM, kintu una sabako ukta karanA aura unakA spaSTIkaraNa karanA sopaprabandha kI vRddhi ke bhaya se yahAM para saMbhava nahIM, phira upamA ke uparyukta udAharaNa kavi kI upamApriyatA ke dyotaka haiM ho| prataH aba anya alaGkAroM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye jaayeNge| utprekSA'sambhAvanA syAdutprekSA / ' -kuvalayAnanda, 32 kavi dvArA prayukta praryAlaGkAroM meM utprekSA maladvAra kA dvitIya sthAna hai / kavi ke kAmyoM ke parizIlana se lagatA hai ki usake kAmyoM meM mAtrA ko dRSTi se bhale hI upamA kA sthAna ho, kintu camatkAra ko raSTi se utprekSA hI alakAroM meM sarvopari hai / prastuta haiM, utprekSA ke kucha udAharaNa- sulocanA ke sundara hAva ke sambandha meM kavi kI udbhAvanA dekhiye "samutkIrya karAvasyA vidhinA vidhivedinaa| taccheSAMkSaH kRtAnyevaM parajAnIti sidhyati / " -jayodaya, 245 (sulocanA ke hAthoM ko dekhakara yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki vidhAtA me sulocanA ke hAvoM kA nirmANa karane se bacI huI sAmagrI se hI kamaloM kI racanA kI hai|) utprekSA ke mAdhyama se sAyaMkAla kI zobhA kA avalokana kIjie-- 'verako bimbamito'stagAmi udeSyavetanyazino'pi naami|| samasti pAgyeSu ruSAH niSiktaM ratIzvarasyAkSiyugaM hi raktam // " -jayodaya, 15310 (saba sUrya kA bimba astAcalagAmI ho rahA thA aura canamA usaba hone pA rahA pA / pasta hotA hupA sUrya aura udita hotA humA panAmA-ye donoM aise lagate mAnoM pavika banoM para roSa ke kAraNa lAlimA ko prApta kAmadeva ke netra hI hoN|) masta hote huye sUrya ko sAlimA aura udita hote huye canAmA ko nAnimA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kavi ne ukta hetapremA kI hai| kAmadeva ke netroM ko sapanA ke upamAnassa meM prastuta kara diyA hai| rAjA siddhArtha kI samRddhimAlitA aura yazasvitA ke sambandha meM kavi kI usprekSA dekhiye

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322 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya --- eka adhyayana "he tAta jAnUcitalambabAhornAGga vimuJcettanujA tavAho / sabhAsvapItthaM gadita napasya kIrtiH samRdrAntamavApa tasya / / " -bIrodaya, 3 / 11 (samudra ko sambodhita karate huye kavi kahate haiM ki tumhArI putrI lakSmI ghuTanoM taka lambI bhujAoM vAle rAjA siddhArtha ke zarIra kA prAliGgana karanA sabhAmoM meM bhI nahIM chor3atI, usake isI vyavahAra ko batAne ke lie hI mAnoM usa rAjA kI kItti samudra taka pahuMca gaI hai|) ___ rAjA siddhArtha kA yaza samudraparyanta phaila gayA hai, yaha sUcita karane ke lie kavi ne ukta utprekSA kI hai| bAlaka sudarzana ko bAlaceSTA ke sambandha meM kavi kI utprekSA prastuta hai "muharulinApadezatastvatipotastanajanmano'nvataH / / abhito'pi bhuvastalaM yazaH payasA'lakRtavAnnijena saH / / " : -sudarzanodaya, 3 // 18 . (mAvazyakatA se adhika dUdha pI lene para * jaba sudarzana bAra-bAra usako idhara-udhara ugalatA thA, to aisA lagatA thA mAnoM vaha pRthvI tala ko apane yazorUpa dUdha se donoM bhora alaGkRta kara rahA ho|) prastuta zloka meM bAlaka ko svAbhAvika ceSTA ko yazaH prasAraNa ke rUpa meM kyA hI sandara sambhAvanA kI gaI hai| hetUtprekSA kA eka aura udAharaNa prastuta hai "aho prakaTamagi tanayaratnamapahriyate'muSminbhUtale ghUrtajanena / kathaM punarmaye hoDuratnAni vikIrya sthAtuM pAryateti kila tAnyupasaMhRtya kuto'picchannIbhavituM palAyAJcakre rjnii|" -dayodayacampU, 3 / zloka 7 ke bAda kA gadyAMza (bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai ki pRthvI tala para dhUrtajanoM ke dvArA prakaTa bhI putra rUpa ratna kA apaharaNa kiyA jA rahA hai, phira nakSatra rUpa ratnoM ko phailA kara mere dvArA nizcintatA se kaise baiThA jAya, mAnoM yahI socakara una savako ekatrita karake rAtri bhI kahIM chipane ke lie calI gii|) rAtrikAla vyatIta ho jAne para nakSatra gaNa dRSTipatha meM nahIM pAte, yaha prakRti kA zAzvata niyama hai| kintu yahA~ para kavi ne usa niyama ko rAtrigamana paura nakSatralopa ke rUpa meM hetupUrvaka sambhAvita karake pAThakoM ke hRdaya ko bhalIbhAMti camatkRta kara diyA hai| rUpaka 'taekamabhedo ya upmaanopmeyyoH| / -kAvyaprakAza, 2063

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa 323 sarvaprathama mApake samakSa kavi dvArA variNata sAGgarUpaka kA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai "bakA: patAkAH kariNo'mbuvAhAH zarA mayUrAstaDito'sikA hA / DhakkAninAdastanitAnuvAdaH sudhIraNaM varSaNamujjagAda // " -jayodaya, 8163 ____ jayakumAra paura arkakIti ke yuddha kA varNana hai| yahAM para kavi ne yuddha para parvAkAla kA prAropa kiyA hai| patAkArUpI bagule haiM, gajarUpI bAdala haiM, vANa rUpI mayUra haiM, talavArarUpI bijalI hai pora nagAr3oM kI dhvanirUpI bAdaloM kI mar3agar3AhaTa hai, isa prakAra se yuddharUpI varSAkAla hai| prastuta zloka meM dhvajoM, hAthiyoM, bAraNoM, talavAroM pora nagAr3oM kI prAvAja kA kramazaH baguloM, bAdaloM, moroM, bijalI aura bAdaloM kI garjanA se prabheda sthApita karane ke kAraNa rUpaka alaGkAra hai| praba dekhiye vasantata varNana ke prasaGga meM rUpaka kA eka udAharaNa. "mukalapANipuTena rajo'bjinI hazi dadAti rucA'mbujajiddRzAm / spalapayojavane smaraghUttaMrADDharati tabdayadraviNaM rasAda // " -vIrodaya, 6 / 34 (gulAba aura kamala ke puSpoM vAle usa vana meM apanI zobhA se kamala ko jItane vAlI striyoM ke netroM meM apane mukalita hasta ke done se kamalinI puSpaparAga rUpI dhUli DAla rahI hai aura kAmadeva rUpI dhUrtarAja avasara pAte hI unake hRdaya rUpI dhana ko curA rahA hai) prastuta zloka meM mukulapuTa, parAga, kAmadeva aura hRdaya kA kramazaH hAtha ke done, dhUla, dhUrtarAja aura dhana se abheda sthApita kiyA gayA hai, isalie rUpaka pralahAra hai| rUpaka kA eka anya udAharaNa prastuta hai-- "nanu jarA pRtanA yamabhUpatermama samIpamupAzcitumIhate / bahugadAdhikRtaha tadagrataH zucinizAnamudeti prado vata // " -zrIsamudradattacaritra, 2 (apane zira para sapheda bAla dekhakara rAbA cakrAyudha socatA hai ki aba pavazya hI mere samIpa yamarUpI rAjA kI vRddhAvasthArUpI senA, rogarUpI gadAmoM ko dhAraNa karake prAnA cAhatI hai| isalie zveta kezarUpI usakA cihna pahale se udita ho gayA hai|) prastuta zloka meM vRddhAvasthA, yamarAja, roga aura zveta keza kA kramazaH senA, rAjA, gadA aura cihna se abheda sthApita karane ke kAraNa sAGgarUpaka

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324 pratuti - mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana " prakRtaM yanniSidhyAnyatsAdhyate sA tvapahnutiH // " - kAvyaprakAza, 10166 kavivara jJAnasAgara dvArA apahanuniyA~ bhI kama camatkAriNI nahIM haiM / lIjie, prastuta haiM unakI kucha sundara prapahnutiyA~ - sulocanA ke saundarya kI prazaMsA karate huye jayakumAra kahate haiM " jAtaM jivaM mukhena tava sukezi sAmpratamasukhena / mUrdhni milindAvalicchalena kRpAraNaputrIM kSipadiva tena / / " dekhiye- --jayodaya, 14 / 47 ( he sundara bAloM vAlI ! tumhAre mukha ke dvArA kIcar3a meM utpanna kamala jIta liyA gayA hai / isIlie duHkhI hokara vaha isa samaya tumhAre sira para dhuMgharAle kI paGkti ke bahAne se mAnoM talavAra kA prayoga kara rahA hai / ) prastuta zloka meM sulocanA ke sira para vidyamAna ghuMgharAle bAloM kA niSedha karake vahA~ para talavAra kA sthApana kiyA gayA hai, isalie prapahnuti alaGkAra hai / aba zaratkAlIna prAkAza-varNana meM prapanuti kA sundara prayoga dekhiye"tArApadezAnmaNimuSTivArAtpratArayantI vigatAdhikArA / somaM zarattammukhamIkSamANA ruSeyaM varSA tu kRtaprayANA // " -- vIrodaya, 22 / 1 ( candramA ko zarada Rtu ke sammukha dekhatI huI apane adhikAra se vaMcita varSA Rtu mAnoM ruSTa hokara tAroM ke bahAne se muTThI meM bharI huI maNiyoM ko pheMka kara pratAraNA karatI huI calI gaI / ) 1 varSAkAla meM prAkAza meghAcchanna rahatA hai, usa samaya candramA yA tAre koI bhI vastu nahIM dikhAI detI / zaratkAla meM prAkAza svaccha ho jAtA hai, prata: taba prakAza meM candramA zrora tAre dikhAI dete haiM / kavi ne isa prastuta vAta kA niSedha karake aba taka candramA varSA ke adhikAra meM thA aura tAre usakI muTThI meM the, kintu zaratkAla ke Ane se candramA varSA ke adhikAra meM na rahA, taba krodha meM prAkara tAroM ke bahAne se muTThI meM bharI maNiyoM ko bhI usane pheMka diyA- isa praprastuta kA vidhAna kiyA hai| tAroM ke sthAna para maNiyoM kA sthApana hone ke kAraNa apahnuti alaGkAra hai / rAjA aparAjita dvArA RSi kI pUjA meM bariNata prapahanuti kA camatkAra

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa 323 "smudgmdbhgbhraavdeshaapaattpaaponvysmvilopii| yasma kilArAmabareNa harSavAreNa puSpAJjanirapito'pi // " -zrIsamudradattacaritra, 6.32 (jaba una RSirAja ke lie usa zreSTha udyAna dvArA harSita hokara puSpAali arpita kI gaI, taba ma~DarAte huye bhramarasamUha ke bahAne usa bagIce pUrvopAjita pApa ke aMza bhI vilIna hone lge|) prastuta zloka meM puSpoM ke sAtha hI rahane vAle bhramara udyAna meM idharaupara maMDarA rahe the, isa prakRta vastu kA niSedha karake-kavi ne--pApasamUha vilIna ho rahA pA-isa maprastuta vastu kA sthApana kiyA hai, isalie yahA~ para apanuti prasaGkAra hai| arthAntaranyAsa "sAmAnyaM vA vizeSo vA tadanyena samayate / yattu so'rthAntaranyAsaH sAdhamryeNetareNa vA // " --kAvyaprakAza, 101106 zrIjJAnasAgara ko jaba bhI kucha tathya prastuta karanA hotA hai, taba vaha isI alaGkAra kA avalambana le lete haiN| kisI vyakti kI nindA karane meM, stuti karane meM, upadeza dene meM mora vinamra nivedana karane meM isa alaGkAra ke sundara-sundara prayoga kavi ke kAvyoM meM dRSTigocara hote haiN| samrAT bharata kI prazaMsA meM prarthAntaranyAsa kA udAharaNa dekhiye "zucirihAsmadadhIddharaNIdhara ! sati punastvayi ko'yamupadravaH / tapati bhUmitale tapane tamaH parihatI kimu dIpaparizramaH / / " -dayodaya; 73 (sumukha nAmaka dUta samrAT bharata se kahatA hai-he samrAT jaba pApakA zAsana hai, taba (markakIti kI duzceSTA rUpa) yaha upadrava kaisA ? andhakAra ko naSTa karane vAle sUrya ke isa parAtala para tapate samaya dIpaka kA parizrama vyartha hai|) yahA~ prathama-paMkti meM variNata vizeSa kA dvitIya paMkti meM vaNita sAmAnya dvArA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / ataeva arthAntaranyAsa pralaGkAra hai| sAmAnya se vizeSa ke samarthana kA dUsarA udAharaNa dekhiye "kavitAyAH kaviH kartA rasikaH kovidaH punaH / ramaNIramaNIyatvaM patirjAnAti no pitA // " -jayodaya, 283 (kavi kavitA kA praNetA hotA hai, kintu sahRdaya usakA artha jAnane vAlA hotA hai / sundara strI ke saundarya ko pati jAnatA hai, usakA pitA nhiiN|) ___ yahA~ para dvitIya paMkti meM sAmAnya bAta kahI gaI hai jo ki prathama paMkti meM prastuta bAta kI sapikA hai / prataeva arthAntaranyAsa malakAra hai|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayama deviyoM ke prati priyakAriNI ke kathana meM arthAntaranyAsa ko chaTA dekhiye"na cAtakInAM praharet pipAsAM payodamAlA kimu janmanA sA / yuSmAkamAzaMkita muddhareyaM takaMruci kinna samuddhareyam 11 - vIrodaya, 5 / 22 ( yadi meghamAlA pyAsa se vyAkula cAtakiyoM kI pyAsa nahIM bujhAtI hai, to usake janma se kyA lAbha ? tuma sabakI prAzaGkAmroM ko maiM kyoM na samApta karUM bhora. tarka meM ruci kyoM na dhAraNa karU~ ? ) 326 prastuta zloka kI samarthana dvitIya paMkti ke prakAra hai / prathama paMkti meM sAmAnya bAta kahI gaI haiM / usakA vizeSa kathana se kiyA gayA hai / prata: prarthAntaranyAsa guNapAla kA prarthAntaranyAsa se alaGkRta kathana prastuta hai"utthApayemuccairnA yasya vAJchannipAtanam / mUrdhnA na vAhyate bhUmI dahanIyaM kimindhanam // " - dayodaya, 4 / 7 ( jisa vyakti ke vinAza kI icchA kI jAya, use pahile khuba U~cA uThA denA cAhie | kyA jalAne yogya indhana zira se nahIM DhoyA jAtA ? ) gurapAla somadatta ko mAranA cAhatA hai / ataH use apane vaza meM karane kI icchA se use puraskRta karatA hai| madhura vacanoM se prapanI ghora prAkuSTa karane kA prayatna karatA hai / isI prasaGga meM vaha uparilikhita kathana kahatA hai / prathama paMkti meM variNata vizeSa bAta kA samarthana dvitIya paMkti meM variNata sAmAnya bAta se hone ke kAraNa prarthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra hai / parisaGkhyA " kacitpRSTamapRSTaM vA kathitaM yatprakalpayate / tADaganyavyapohAya parisaMkhyA tu sA smRtA / / " - kAvya - prakAza, 10 / 116 jJAnasAgara ne kuNDanapura, campApura aura cakrapura nagaroM kI samRddhi kA varNana karate samaya isa pralaGkAra kA prayoga kiyA hai| lIjie prastuta hai - kuNDanapura ke varNana meM parisaMkhyA kA udAharaNa : -- "kAThinyaM kucamaNDale'ca sumukhe doSAkaratvaM paraM vakratvaM mRdukuntaleSu kuzatA bAlAvalagneSvaram / urvoreva vilomatA'pyadharatA dantacchade kevalaM zaMkhatvaM nigale eatecapalatA nAnyatra teSAM dalam // vAmAnAM suvalitraye viSamatA vilyama prAvRtAddhatyaM suzAM nitambavalaye nAbhyaNDake nIcatA /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa 327 zabdeSveva nipAtanAma yaminAmakSeSu vA nigrahazcintA yogika Su pauNDanicaye sampIDanaM cAha ha // " -vIrodaya, 2 / 4846 (usa nagara meM) kaThina nA kevala striyoM ke stanamaNDala meM hI dRSTigocara hotI hai, doSAkaratA (candratulyatva) striyoM ke sundara mukha meM hI dRSTigocara hotI hai, vakratA unake sundara bAloM meM hI hai, kRzatA striyoM ke kaTi pradeza meM hI hai, romarAhitya striyoM kI javAnoM meM hI hai, pradharatA kevala unake proSThoM meM hI hai, zaMkhapanA kaNTha meM hI hai aura capalatA dRSTi meM hI hai / isa prakAra kaThoratA, doSasamaha, kuTilatA, kSINatA, pratikUmatA, nIcatA, capalatA prAdi avaguNa kahIM aura Tigocara nahIM hote| viSamatA striyoM ko trivalI meM hI hai, (anyatra kahIM bhI nhiiN)| zithilatA striyoM ke caraNoM meM hI hai, (anyatra kahIM bhI nhiiN)| uddhatagna kevala striyoM ke nitambamaNDala meM hI hai (anyatra nhiiN)| maharAI nAbhimaNDala meM hI hai, (anyatra nIcatA nahIM hai)| nipAta zabdoM meM hI hotA hai (anyatra kisI ke dvArA kisI para mAkramaNa nahIM kiyA jaataa)| saMyamI vyakti hI indriyanigraha karate haiM (koI kisI ko pakar3atA nahIM hai)| yogisamUha hI cintana karatA hai, anya vyakti cintA se rahita haiN)| sampIDana poNDa samUha meM hI hai, vyakti eka dUsare ko por3A nahIM phuNcaate)| yahA~ kaThoratA, candratulyatA, vakratA prAdi pratipAdita vastu anyatra niSeSa meM -- paryavasita hotI haiM, isalie parisaMkhyA pralaMkAra hai| parikarAMkura''sAbhiprAye vizeSye tu bhavet parikarAMkuraH / ' -kuvalayAnanda, 63 zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM isa pralaMkAra ke udAharaNoM kI pratyalpa mAtrA upalabdha hotI hai| itanA hone para bhI yaha alaMkAra jitanI mAtrA meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai, kapi ke kauzala kA paricAyaka hone meM samartha hai| prastuta hai parikarAMkara pralaMkAra kA eka udAharaNa : bharatetra girimaMhAnurvijayADauM dharaNIbhRtAM guruH // ya udaka samupasthito'mutaH svalataH sambalataH pravartinaH / svayamaddhajayAya madhyamo bharatasyAsti ca cakravartinaH // ' -zrIsamudradattacaritra, 2 / 1-2 (isa bharata kSetra meM sabhI parvatoM kA guru vijayAddha nAmaka mahAn parvata vidyamAna hai jo yahAM se uttara kI mora isa bhAratavarSa ke ThIka madhya meM sthita hai| senAsahita digvijaya ke lie prasthita cakravartI kI prAdhI vijaya ko batAne bAbA hai|)

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana prastuta zlokoM meM vijayAdhaM zrAdhI vijaya ko dene meM samartha haiM, ataH parvata kI 'vijayArddha' yaha saMjJA (vizeSya) sAbhiprAya hone se parikarAMkura laMkAra hai / 328 saMsRSTi pralaGkAra 'seNTA saMsRSTireteSAM bhedena yadiha sthitiH / - kAvyaprakAza 10 / 136 zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM saMsRSTi alaMkAra ke aneka udAharaNa upalabdha ho jAte haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kavi kI kavitA prAya: pranuprAsa balaMkAra se pralaMkRta hai / dhanuprAsa ke sAtha hI sAtha anya pralaMkAra bhI nirapekSa rUpa se sthita haiM / hama unake kAvyoM meM zabdAlaMkAroM, prarthAlaMkAroM mora zabdArthAlaMkAroM kI isa prakAra se tInoM prakAra kI, saMsRSTi ke udAharaNa prApta karate haiN| yahA~ kavi kI isa kSamatAko dyotita karane ke lie do udAharaNa prastuta kie jA rahe haiM "mRgIzazcApalatA svayaM yA, smareNa sA cApalatA'pi ramyA / mano bahArAGgabhUtaH bhaNena manojahArA'ya nijekSaNena // ' -- -- vIrodaya, 3 / 25 prastuta zloka meM antyAnuprAsa aura yamaka kI saMsRSTi spaSTa hI dRSTigocara ho rahI hai / prataH yahA~ para zabdAlaMkAroM kI saMsRSTi hai / dUsarA udAharaNa zabdArthAlaMkArasaMsRSTi kA hai 1"namaMlyameti kila dhautamivAmbarantu snAtA ivAtra sakalA harito bhavantu / prAgbhUbhUtastilakavadravirAvibhAti candrastu coravadudAsa itaH prayAti // " -jayodaya, 18/63 ( prAtaHkAla kA sundara varNana hai :- prAkAza nirmala hone ke kAraNa ghulA humrA sA pratIta hotA hai / dizAoMoM ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai mAnoM unhoMne snAna kara liyA ho, sUrya prAcI dizA ke rAjA ke tilaka ke samAna prakaTa ho rahA hai aura candramA cora kI bhA~ti udAsa hokara prAkAza se prasthAna kara rahA hai / ) prastuta zloka kI prathama do paMktiyoM meM utprekSA bhora dvitIya do paMktiyoM meM upamA alaMkAra nirapekSa rUpa se vidyamAna hai, sAtha hI antyAnuprAsa kI chaTA bhI spaSTa hI dRSTigocara ho rahI hai / bhrataH eka hI sthala para do prarthAlaMkAra aura eka userine kI nirapekSa sthiti hone ke kAraNa saMsRSTi nAmaka alaMkAra hai / saGkara palaGkAra "praGgAGgitve'laka kRtInAM tadvadekAzrayasthitI / sandigdhatve ca bhavati saGa karastrividhaH punaH // - sAhityadarpaNa, 1068

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa 328 kavivara jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM aise bhI aneka sthala haiM jinameM alaMkAroM kA sApekSa prayoga kiyA gayA hai / udAharaNa rUpa meM do sthala prastuta haiM : (ka) 'baNikpathastUpita ratnajUTA hari-priyAyA iva ke likUTAH / bahiSkRtAM santitamAM hasantastatrA''padaM cA''padamullasantaH // " - bIrodaya, 218 (videha deza ke nagaroM meM bAjAroM kI dukAnoM ke bAhara thor3I-thor3I dUra para ratnoM ke stUpAkAra Dhera lagAye gae the, jo aise pratIta hote the mAnoM bahiSkRta prApadAoM kA upahAsa sA karate hue lakSmI ke krIr3A parvata haiM / ) prastuta zloka meM stUpAkAra ratna ke DheroM kI upamA lakSmI ke krIr3A parvatoM se dI gaI hai; aura sAtha hI kriyotprekSA bhI hai / yaha utprekSA upamA kI sahAyikA hai / ata: paraspara praGgAGgibhAva hone ke kAraNa yahA~ saMkara alaMkAra hai / "yataH khalu so'smAkaM tAruNyatejaH samunnayanAya taraNirivottarAyaNaH, sarvadevAnukUlAcaraNa karaNa-parAyaNaH sulalita-manoratha- latA - pallavanimittamambudharAyaNaH / ' - dayodaya- campU, 2031 kA gadyabhAgaH / ( kyoMki vaha hamAre tAruNya rUpI teja ko unnata karane ke lie uttarAyaNa meM sthita sUrya ke samAna hai, sarvadA anukUla prAcaraNa karane vAlA hai, isalie hamArI sundara manokAmanA rUpI latA- pallaba ko bar3hAne vAle jalaghara ke samAna hai / prastuta gadyabhAga meM tAruNya para teja kA zrAropa hone ke kAraNa rUpaka alaMkAra hai mora mRgasena dhIvara ke upamAna rUpa meM sUrya ko prastuta karane ke kAraNa upamA alaMkAra hai / rUpaka evaM upamA paraspara sApekSa alaMkAra haiM, isalie saMkara alaMkAra hai / citrAlaMkAra - 'taccitraM yatra varNAnAM laDgAdyA kRtihetutA / ' zA zrIjJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM meM na kevala zabdAlaMkAra mora prarthAlaMkAra prayukta kie haiM, prapita citrAlaMkAra bhI prayukta kie haiN| unake kAvyoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne chaH citrabandhoM meM apanA kauzala pradarzita kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - kAvyaprakAza, (ka) cakrabandha, (kha) gomUtrikAbandha, (ga) yAnabandha, (gha) padmabandha, (Ga) tAlavRntabandha aura (ca) kalazabandha / kramazaH ye citra prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM :

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kavivara ne cakrabandha kA prayoga kevala 'jayodaya' nAmaka mahAkAvya meM kiyA hai| pratyeka sarga ke upAntya zloka meM unhoMne cakrabandha prayukta kiye haiN| isalie isa kAmya meM 28 cakravandha upalabdha hote haiN| ina cakrabandhoM kI yaha abhinava vizeSatA hai ki inameM 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya meM variNata 28 pramukha ghaTanAmoM kA saMketa milatA hai / ve ghaTanAeM isa prakAra haiM :- . (ka) jayakumAra dvArA muni kI upAsanA, (kha) rantiprabha nAmaka nAgapati ko jayakumAra se vinamra prArthanA, (ga) dUta dvArA sulocanA ke vivAha meM jayakumAra prAdi rAjAmoM ko mAmantrita karanA, (gha) rAjAmoM kA svayaMbara kI icchA se kAzI pahuMcanA, (Ga) svayaMvara kI taiyAriyAM honA, (ca) vidyA devI dvArA rAjAmoM kA paricaya evaM sulocanA dvArA jayakumAra ko jayamAlA pahinAnA, (ba) prakIti maura jayakumAra ke yuddha kI taiyAriyAM honA, (ja) parkakIrti kA yuddha meM parAjita ho jAnA (jha) kAzInareza dvArA samrAT bharata ke pAsa kSamAyAcanA ke lie dUta ko bhevanA, (ba) pANigrahaNa saMskAra prArambha honA, (2) jayakumAra kA sulocanArUpa varNana karanA, (8) vivAha sampanna ho jAnA, (Da) sulocanA sahita jayakumAra kA gaGgA nadI ke taTa para pahuMcanA (Dha) jayakumAra kA jalakrIr3A karanA, (Na) sandhyA ke pazcAt rAtri kA prAgamana, (ta) somarasa kA pAna karanA, (gha) surata vihAra karanA, (da) prAtaHkAlIna zobhA, (gha) jayakumAra dvArA prAtaHkAlIna sandhyA-vaMdana karanA, (na) jayakumAra kI bharata pakravartI se bheMTa, (pa) jayakumAra kA hastinApura pahu~canA, (pha) jayakumAra mora sulocanA dvArA bhogavilAsa kI anubhUti karanA, (ba) pUrvajanma kA smaraNa evaM digyavibhUti kI prApti honA, (bha) jayakumAra pora sulocanA dvArA tIrthayAtrA karanA, (ma) jayakumAra ke mana meM virakti utpanna honA, (ya) putra ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda jayakumAra kA bana ko cale jAnA, (ba) bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA jayakumAra ko upadeza denA pora (ra) jayakumAra pora sulocanA dvArA mokSaprApti / cakabandha banAne kI vidhi pakrabandha banAne ke lie zloka ke caraNoM ke akSaroM kI saMkhyA ke barAbara gola pAkAra vAle cakroM ko banAkara usameM chaH paroM ko sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| madhya meM dhurI hotI hai / iloka ke prathama tIna caraNoM ko cakra ke maroM meM isa prakAra rakhA jAtA hai ki prathama caraNa prathama pare se hotA humA caturtha pare meM pahuMcatA hai, dvitIya caraNa dvitIya prare se paMcama bhare meM pahuMcatA hai, tInoM paraNoM ke madhya meM mAra ko dhurI meM rakhA jAtA hai| caturtha caraNa ko SaSTha pare meM hI nemi meM zumA diyA jAtA hai / isa caraNa ke sAta prakSara maroM meM mAnakara paroM ke madhya meM do-do pakSara rakhe jAte hai|

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa 331 pratyeka sarga kA upAntya-zloka aura usase banane vAlA pakra-bandha-citra kramazaH prastuta hai : (ka) jayamahIpateH sAdhusanupAsticakravandhaH . "janmazrIguNasAdhanaM svayamavan sanduHkhadainyAbahiH, yatnenaiSa vidhuprasiddhayazase pApApakRtsasvapaH / maJjUpAsakasaGgataM niyamanaM zAsti sma pRthvIbhate, tejaHpuJjamayo yathAgamamathAhiMsAdhipaH zrImate // " -jayokya, 1 / 113 BEFERREEon ARREATElAvAtAvAda bAbAbAARS isa cakravandha ke paroM ke pratyeka prathama pakSara pora chaThe akSara ko kramazaH par3hane para 'jayamahIpateH sAdhusanupAsti'-yaha vAkya banatA hai| yaha vAkya isa tathya kI pora saMketa karatA hai ki jayakumAra ke dvArA sAdhu kI upAsanA kI gaI hai| do pUre sarga kA vayaM-viSaya hai|

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-~eka adhyayana (kha) nAgapattilambacakabandhaH "nAnavamityabhidhAya rAgaH samabhigamya mahIpati, gajapattanasya zazaMsa gahitabhAyaMkaH zlAghAparaH / paramArthavRseratha ca gadgadvAkyatayA bhUtvAzubha:, bhakto'dhunA samagacchadupasammati prApya ratipramaH // " -bayokya, 22160 H . AFTERESEEEEEE SH isa cakravandha ke aroM ke prathama prAroM ko kramazaH par3hane para 'nAgapatimamma'yaha vAkyAMza nikalatA hai, jo isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki isa sarga meM-sarpa ne jayakumAra se vo vinamra nivedana kiyA' usakA varNana hai /

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa (ga) svayaMvarasomaputrAgamacakravandha "svapreSThaM smarasodaraM jayanapaM tatrAgataM sAdaraM, .. patnAd gopuramaNDalAt svayamapotsargasvabhAvAdhipaH / vaptAnIya supuSkarAzayatano maprabhRtyujjvalaM, bhaktyAdAtsvapure'yamAntavarado'raM kRtyapaH zrIdharaH // " .. -jayodaya, 1 paE) SIREMENT ) 4bAbAnA REAPSEa in tyA isa pakravandha ke paroM ke prathama evaM chaThe akSaroM ko kramaza: par3hane para'svayaMvara', 'somaputrAgama' ye do zabda nikalate haiM, jinase isa bAta kA saMketa milatA hai ki isa sarga meM sulocanA ke svayaMvara kI sUcanA rAjApoM ko dI gaI hai| pAra nimabara pAkara somaputra jayakumAra kAphI nagarI paca gaye haiN|

Page #394
334 (gha) svayaMvaramaticakrabandha sthi 2 (2) "svargodAramidaM kSaNaM sumanasAmIzopalabdhAdaram 'yatroddAmasudhAkarodyamavidhiH sattvapratiSThAkSamaH / varttatApi punItasAramadhurA padmAlayAnAM tatiH, tiSThantI svymaaptaanvnv| rambhApya mandasthitiH // " #: p 1514 [ F 3. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana $ C * ~ & 10 5 5 1 1 4 * * va * & MN. (8) dA mi sa (R) putra 5 L -jayodaya, 468 mA 14 a ya ke cha ka Shang tA na (5) isa cakrabandha ke gharoM ke prathama prakSaroM ko kramazaH par3hane se 'svayaMvaramatiH' - yaha zabda banatA hai / yaha zabda isa bAta kA saMketa detA hai ki isa sarga meM 'aneka rAjA sulocanA svayaMbara meM pahu~cane kI icchA rakhate huye kAzI kI ora prasthAna karate haiM / '

Page #395
mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranyoM meM kalApana - 335 335 (5) svayaMvarArammacakrabandha "svaGgoyUnAM kAmikamodAmRtadhArA, yacchantI yatikalAnAM kamalA'ram / bagdhUkoSThI nAmikamApAlaya garbha, bhavyaM svaGga yannavagorAjirazobham // " . -abodaya, 5106 - " 2A SREENA s isa cakravandha ke maroM ke prathama prakSaroM ko kramazaH par3hane se 'svayaMvarArambha' yaha zabda banatA hai| isa zabda kA yaha tAtparya hai ki isa sarga meM 'svayaMvara prArambha' hone kA varNana hai|

Page #396
336 (ca) nRpaparicaya, varamAlAropacakrabandha 99) pa 15. yasan "nUvAto'bhinavaM madaM samacarat bhArAntu bandhAvaliH paJcAzcarya paramparA samabhavatsvarlokataH sadrucA / padmAvAptisamAsamuccamariNabhiH sampattimarthiSvayaM, yacchansannRpa prApa vastrapagRhaM riSToruvarco jayaH // " LASE (2) . 12 ca P MP F #ko mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayanaH A * 1/8442 chi G35* * 4 4 4 B ba e 140 Dian mA Jing OFFER P ( -jayodaya 6 / 134 2 G isa cakrabandha ke gharoM meM sthita prathama mora paSTha prakSaroM ko kramazaH par3hane se 'nRpaparicaya' ghora 'baramAlAropa' ye do zabda banate haiN| ina donoM zabdoM se yaha tAtparya nikalatA hai ki isa sarpa meM rAjAdhoM kA paricaya bariNata hai evaM manonIta vara ko mAlA pahinAne kA bhI saMketa milatA hai /

Page #397
mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-prabhthoM meM kalApakSa (gha) samarasaMcayacakrabandha "sammrAjastuk khalu cakrAbhaM balavAsam, makarAkAraM racayan zrImadmAdhId ca / raNabhUmAvabhre ca khagastAkSyaMprAyam, yatnaM saMgrAmakaraM smAMsati ca prAyaH / / " Jin (2) ma P6 \ F k | kA 5 x PRAS k ca 1454 45 d -jayodaya, 7 / 115 Ru 44.2 (3) ra Na bhU H ba smo vA sa 11. 3-37 (8) prastuta cakrabandha ke gharoM meM sthita prathamAkSaroM ko par3hane se kramaza: 'samarasaMcaya' zabda banatA hai| isa zabda se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki isa sarva meM yuddha ke lie senA sajAne kA varNana kiyA gayA hai /

Page #398
139 mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana (4) aparAbhavacakravandha mahantamAgoharamamAdadhunA samarthayituMtarAm, kazmalAdAjimavAjjayodaramAvahansmarasannibham / pazcAttapannapakRtyamAdarato jinasya katAvahama, vandanA prakaMzcakara ca paramparAdhvazamavAzravam / / " -bayodaya, 865 43AnAkA AS TERMEROFE . prastuta cakravandha ke maroM meM sthiti prathamAkSaroM ko kramazaH par3hane para 'akaM. parAbhava' zabda banatA hai| isa zabda se yaha saMketa milatA hai ki isa sarga meM yuddha meM pIti ke hArane kA varNana hai|

Page #399
mahAkaSi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApana (jha) maratalambanavakavandha "bhartuzcittamavetya sundaratamaM kAzIvizAmIzvaraH, rajantuMgataraGgavAriracitAmbhorAzitulyastavaH / tatrAsocchazalAJchanasya rasanAtprArabdhapUrNAtmanaH, narmArambhavicAraNe tata ito lakSyaM vabandhAtmanaH // " -jayodaya, 195 EBRar prastuta cakravamba ke bahoM paroM ke prathama prAroM ko milAne se 'bharatalampana' zamya banatA hai, jo isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki isa sagaM meM svayambara ityAdi kI sUcanA sahita bharata-cakravartI se kSamAyAcanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|

Page #400
340 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya-eka adhyayana (ja) karagrahArambhacakrabandha :kamalAmukhImayamakSirazmibhiH zrIpariphulladehAm, rasati smeyamimaM khalu ramaNIdhAmanidhi svAdhAram / grahaNagrahaNasyAdI paramo bhavinorabhivizrambham, bhavatu kavIzvaralokAgrahato hAvaparaicArambhaH // " -jayodaya, 10 // 12 // FEEL FREEN FREEMjaka prastuta cakrabandha ke chahoM paroM meM vidyamAna prayamAkSaroM ko par3hane se 'karamahArambha' zabda banatA hai / yaha zabda isa bAta kI sUcanA detA hai ki isa sarga meM sulocanA ke pANigrahaNa saMskAra prArambha hone kA varNana hai /

Page #401
mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa 341 (Ta) sudRzaH kathanaM cakrabandha "suSThu zrIsahayaH svarUpakalanaM ka: rUpAtumIzo'nakam, dRSTo'naGgabhavaM sucArukaraNe'pyaGgasphuratsaGkathaH / zastenApi kimAyudhena kalitaM vyomnaH punaH khaNDanam, narmokto sugugNAdatirvazamaye kalyo'rathatvArthanaH // " -jayodaya, 111115 to SORDERAR lyo'ra prastuta cakrabandha ke chahoM maroM meM vidyamAna prathamAkSaroM ko par3hane se 'susthaH kapanam' vAkya banatA hai, jisakA artha hai ki isa sarga meM jaya kumAra dvArA munocanA ke rUpa-saundarya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai /

Page #402
342 mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAmpa-eka samparka (8) karopalambanavAbagdha "kattuM laganAstava ca tAbadabAram, lokAH zrojinadevavibhoste spaSTAbham / pavitreNa ve bhAvanA samAsyAnena, nandakakaloktipaH so'raM sambhavunaH // " -jayodaya, 12 / 157 ka Ta isa pakravandha ke aroM meM vidyamAna prathamAkSaroM ko par3hane se ropasammAna' zamda banatA hai, jo isa bAta kI sUcanA detA hai ki isa sarga meM vivAha kArya pUrNatayA samApta ho jAne kA varNana hai|

Page #403
mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa (3) bayovaGgAgata cakrabandha 99 bho "jayatAdayatAvazato rasato'so narendrasaMyogAm, ya raha zAradAsAdhAraNaH padmAbhiruciH zuciga: / gagananadImadyApa sulalitA rAjahaMsa prAkhyAtastatrAmbhojanikAyagata mArgAviragatayAtaH // " AMP 6 Qi (2) FE F S AN AM MAS kA 3 5 6 05. 9 2 F 4 OM 1:10 P kha) ba la kha kra 44 9 9 -- dayodama, 13 116 144 Bic A (h) - kara 343 * C prastuta cakrabandha ke gharoM meM vidyamAna prathamAkSaroM ko par3hane se !jayogaGgAgata' vAkya nikalatA hai, jo isa sagaM kI usa ghaTanA kI ora saMketa karatA hai jahA~ vivAha ke pazcAt jayakumAra gaGgA nadI ke taTa para pahu~cate haiN|

Page #404
mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana (3) saritavalambacakabandha "sakalamapi kalatramanumAnakam, likhitamanUktaM lalitamatibasam / dadhatsvapadavalamucitArthabhavam, bahu saMcaritadamavamalaM bhuvaH // " -jayodaya, 14 IFE bAbAma: isa cakravandha meM maroM meM vidyamAna prathama prakSaroM ko kramazaH par3hane se 'sarida. basamba' zabda banatA hai| isa sarga meM kavi ne jayakumAra ke nadI bihAra kA varNana kiyA hai, jo isa zamba dvArA saMketita hotA hai|

Page #405
345 mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa (kha) nimAsamAgamavakravandha "nijanAyakamavalokya tamAgatamekA yAvadrAmA, sAtavatIhosthitAsanata: paridhAnamativirAgam / saMharSavazAtpAdayonaMtaM apanapIThamabhirAmam, maMkSuSinihnavazAli ca samadAnmAhAtmyagatArAmam // " -jayodaya, 14 / 108 ORRIEbayA SLEERUT prastuta cAbandha meM vidyamAna aroM ke prathama akSaroM ko par3hane se 'niyAsamAgama' zabda nikalatA hai, jo isa bAta kI bhora saMketa karatA hai ki isa sarga meM rApikAtIva zobhA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|

Page #406
346 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kapa- e na (a) somarasapAnacakavAya "sundarIH sabaH sundaraH kalayitumanuSNahaco'nusam, madhurAkalAniriyojjvalapratibhAvabhAvAptakSapA / ratiSu pATabamAsavo'lamalaM vidhAtumabhUva punA, na tanoH sunAnumateH paraM lAsasakaraH paThAvanaH / / . -ayogya, 14 bakAyA SENERBER / prastuta cakravandha ke pratyeka pare ke prathama pakSaroM ko par3hane se 'soyarasamA. zAma nikalatA hai, vo isa varga meM varNita madyapAna kA ghotaka hai|

Page #407
mahAkavi bAlasAgara ke saMskRta-mantroM meM kamApana () suratavAsanApAbandha "suptvA kAmakalAdhamAkulavadhU pUrva prabuddhApi vA, rantaH zrIsubanidritasya lakhitaM doH pAzasampadasam / tasthau nizcalasattanurvimasataH sacchettumeSAdhunA nAgacchatsuvicAraceSTitamanA vAJchakasambhAvanAm // " -jayodaya, 17142 nAma SEDDESEEFe sAvadha ke pratyeka pare ke prathama pakSaroM ko par3hane se 'suratavAsanA' panna nikalatA hai, jo isa sama meM varNita strI-puruSoM ke surata-bihAra kA saMketa detA

Page #408
mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAgya-eka adhyayana (1) vikRtamAtamabhazcakrabandha "vidhubandhuraM mukhamAtmanastvamRtaH samukSyArkAGkitam, kRtvA karaM mRdunAzukena kilAlakacchavilAJcanam / bhAsurakapolatalaM puna: proJchantyagurupatrAMkamA, bhAvena vismitakRtsvato'bhAdapi tadA nitarAM zubhA // " --jayodaya, 18 / 100 . bAbA NAIN-911 RAJAPUR prastuta cakravandha ke maroM meM vidyamAna prathama akSaroM ke par3hane se 'vikRtamAnamaH' zabda banatA hai| yaha zabda isa sarga meM varNita parivartita evaM camakate huye prAkAza se yukta prabhAta kA dyotaka hai|

Page #409
mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa (gha) zAntisindhustava cakrabandha (6) sta (3) " "zAsta ritastvaM jagatAM modAndhevidhu: timirahAntaraGgasya zreSTho bhAsvataH / siddhestu zubhAGga bhaktaloke tava vakrAzAvati zAsito'ghunAtaH stavaH // " it ktA naI kada 5 ka ne gha) ya ka a | * | */ Shang stya " 1384 ` - jayodaya, 19 / 120 4.4 (A) hA 422 ) 5. M 31 Su (7) ti IM S cUNa si (3. 42 prastuta cakrabandha ke gharoM meM vidyamAna prathama prakSaroM ko par3hane se 'zAntisindhustava:' zabda banatA hai / yaha zabda isa sagaM meM varNita jayakumAra ke prAtaH kAlIna sandhyAvandana bhAdi kI sUcanA de rahA hai /

Page #410
mahAkavijJAnasAgara kAmbala (ba) bharatabandanacakabandha "bhaktAnAmanukUlasApanakarambIkSyAhaMtA saMstavaM, raGgatuGgatarAmadhanavane potopamaM prItibam / tasmiMstigmakarodaye / na ihAstvantastamonAzanam, narmArambhakasAramadbhutaguNaM vande sadara punaH // " -abodayaH 2017 CL kAmaka TERREE isa pakravandha ke paroM meM vidyamAna prathama prakSaroM ko par3hane se :bharatabananam' zabda banatA hai / isa zabda se yaha tAtparya nikalatA hai ki kapi ne isa sarga meM jayakumAra dvArA bharatacakravartI kI bandanA karAI hai|

Page #411
"mahAkavimAnasAgara ke saMskRta-anyoM meM kalApakSa (5) puramApajayAvandha "putrIntu sutritasadguNaM viduSIM sakAzIrADuDuparamyAnanAM pariNApya sadvidhinAghunA nipuNAtmajaH / mAnavaziromaNirAtmavinnivabandhazarmaNyAzayama, yazasAM punastarasAM samAgamapaNDito jagati yaH / / ". -abodaya, 2117 kAmiyAjAlA DERDEREDEOkAbAbabAha REFEAREL prastuta pakravandha ke gharoM meM vidyamAna prathama prakSaroM ko milAne se 'puramApara pabdi banatA hai| isa zabda kA tAtparya nikalatA hai kavi ne isa varga meM . jayakumAra se apanI nagarI hastinApura pahuMcane kA varNana kiyA hai|

Page #412
352 mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka myAna (ka) miyaH pravartanasa cakabandha "mithunamiti bhavatpraNayamutsavaspale ghRtsitaaprvgthitm| pratipaya vibhavamamukasya punaH // " nayAmi kapane praNabamuta nH||" -jayodaya, 2291 1430 PPPE A) PRE ( yA prastuta pakravandha ke chahoM paroM meM vidyamAna prathamAkSaroM ko milAne se 'miSaH pravartanam'-yaha zabda banatA hai| isa zabda se hameM yaha saMketa milatA hai ki kavi ne isa sarga meM sulocanA mora jayakumAra ke maiyunavyApAroM (bhoga-vilAsa) kA varNana kiyA hai|

Page #413
mahAkavi nAmasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa (ba) rampativimavAcakabandha "dambhAtItaM kRtvA manovizadabhAvi . paSi va pAsomasuto satyArambham / .. * tiSThataH sma saddharmabhAvanA sabhAvA vArAdapikRtitAvibho bhanyo vaa|" -jayodaya, 23 // 67 PEPE prastuta pApa ke chahoM paroM meM vidyamAna prathamAkSaroM ko eka sAtha milA para par3hane se 'bampativimavA' zanda banatA hai| isa pada se yaha tAtparya nikalatA hai kikavi ne isa sarga meM sulocanA bhora jayakumAra ke pUrvajanmoM kA aura unake dvArA prApta vimya vibhUtiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai|

Page #414
mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana () gajapuranetustIryaviharaNama cakrabandha "gacchanvaM saha tIrthadezamanayAsI haMsagatyA'khilam, janmAnarSamaya vajannamalahRtprAlampaboSo'vane / puNyAtprApitavizva evamanizaM prANapriya: pUjituM, tuSTayA prAgamayajjayaH supuruSo raktyAhvaneho'pi tu // " -jayodaya, 24 / 148 ABEERED EFERREDNEHARMA 120 prastuta cakabandha ke aroM ke prathamAkSaroM aura SaSThAmaroM ko krama se par3hane para gajapuranetustIrthaviharaNam' zabdasamUha banatA hai / yaha zabda samUha isa bAta kA . ghotaka hai ki kavi ne isa sarga meM jayakumAra ke tIrthavihAra kA varNana kiyA hai|

Page #415
mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa (ma) vayaMsadbhAvanAcakravandha 890 S 22 " janmAta jarAditaH samayabhuccintAmathAgAcchubhAm, yasnodvAhyamidantu rAjyabharakaM sthAne samAne dhruvam / sadbhUyAmahamatra kutra bhavato nikSipya samyaGmanAH, nAniSTaM janatA''yati prasaratAd bhAtutsavazcAtmanAm // " -jayodaya, 25/80 (2) ass * Da ka ra F F f & NET ti EST * 1 1 1 4 3 2 H pra prastuta cakrabandha ke gharoM ke banatA hai, jo isa bAta kA dyotaka hai uThatI huI berAgyabhAvanA kA varNana kiyA hai / i ma ya ma ARMB | 1 1574 4 ba ka Da C tAda tsa 355 tU prathamAkSaroM ko par3hane se 'bayasadbhAvanA' zabda ki kavi ne isa sarga meM jayakumAra ke mana meM

Page #416
356 (gha) nirgamanavidhicakrabandha + Ma v 2200 "nirviNNasya jayasya saMsRtipathaH siddhi samiccho punaH, gambhIrAM samavApya sammatimataH pRcchAMsa sAkSAtkaviH / marmasparzitayA prabandhati satAM yaM kaJcidIzo vidhim, viSNyottAnitasaGgataiH sa mahito namaNyavighno nidhiH // " - jayodaya, 26 / 107 saGa GE 5 F F F OFFF (a) mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana sa taiH 3. 902 8 aba ba A 5 haiM 15 pra pra . 4. 24 P spa A ca zra tha la kha ka Sa STa PR S (3) CR) () prastuta cakrabandha ke gharoM ke prathamAkSaroM ko par3hane se 'nirgamanavidhi' zabda banatA hai / isa zabda kA tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki isa sagaM meM jayakumAra ke parigraha-syAga kara nagara se nikalane kA varNana diyA gayA hai /

Page #417
357 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApasa () jayakupataye saraparmadezanAcakravandha "jagmuni tisatsukhaM samaSikaM nirdezatAtItipama, yasmAduttamaSamaMtaH sumanasaste zazvadubhASitam / kujJAnAtigamantimaM sumanasA tenAjitaH siddhaye, yenAso janirApati, sakuzalA paJcAya tacchittaye // " -jayodaya, 27 / 66 / mi EPLEMEERREHE) kArabakakakA prastuta cakabandha ke paroM meM vidyamAna prapamAkSaroM aura tatpazcAta SaSThAmaroM ko minAkara par3hane se 'jayakupataye sadadharmadezanA'-ye do zaba banate haiN| inakA tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki kavi ne isa varga meM rAjA jaya ke prati Rpabhadeva kA upadeza paNita kiyA hai|

Page #418
152 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana (2) tapApariNAma cakrabandha "tajjanmotthitamityamunmadasukhaM labdhvA yaSApAkali, pazcAt samprati jampatI padamatAmevaM hRdA pAruNA / paJcAkSANi nimAni nimaMvatayA tavRttamarayuttamam, maMkSud gItamihopavItapadakarityuttaNADU mama // " -jayodava, 28 karAvA PSGEET44 REMIERE prastuta pakravandha ke bharoM meM vidyamAna prathamAkSaroM ko kramazaH par3hane se 'tapa:pariNAma' yaha zabda banatA hai| isase tAtparya nikalatA hai ki kavi ne isa parva meM jayakumAra dvArA mokSaprApti kA varNana kiyA hai / uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki citrAlaGkAroM ko prayukta karate samaya kavi ke harUpa meM do icchAyeM rahI hoMgI, eka to pANDitya-pradarzana ko pIra

Page #419
mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa dUsarI sarga kA sArAMza dene ko / ye sabhI cakrabandha vAstava meM 'jayodaya' mahAsasa ke sAra rUpa meM prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| mahAkavi ne apane 'vIrodaya' nAmaka mahAkAma meM gomUtrikAbandha, yAnabandha prapanandha aura tAlavantabandha nAmaka pAra citrAmaGkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai yahAM una sabhI ke udAharaNa prastuta haiM pobhUtrikAbandha "ramayan gamayaMtveSa vAGmaye samayaM manaH / na manAganayaM dveSa pAma vA samayaM janaH // " -vIrodaya; 220 loka se gomUtrikAbandha banAne kI vidhi yaha hai ki isameM zloka kI prathama paMkti ke pahale, tIsare, pAMcave, sAtaveM, nave ityAdi viSama prAroM ko citra kI prathama paMkti meM rakhA jAtA hai aura isI prakAra zloka kI dvitIya paMkti ke pahale, tIsare, pAMcave, sAtaveM, naveM ityAdi viSama prakSaroM ko citra kI tIsarI paMkti meM rakhA jAtA hai aura donoM paMktiyoM ke bIca ke dUsare, cauthe, chaThe, pAThaveM ityAdi bama pramaroM ko kramazaH dvitIya paMkti meM rakhA jAtA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki loka kA eka akSara lekara, eka prakSara chor3A jAtA hai| lie hue makSaroM se prathama bhaura tRtIya paMkti bana jAtI hai; mora chor3e gaye prakSaroM se dvitIya paMkti bana bAtI hai / isa bandha meM likhita zloka kI vizeSatA yaha hotI hai ki dUsare, cauthe pAdi sama prakSara donoM paMktiyoM meM eka hI hote haiN| prataH isa bandha meM nibaddha loka ko par3hate samaya eka prakSara tRtIya paMkti kA aura eka akSara dvitIya paMkti kA lenA hogA jaisA ki uparyukta citra meM hai|

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360 yAnavandha "na manodyami devebhyo'haMdudbhyaH saMvrajatAM sadA / dAsatAM janamAtrasya bhavedapyaca no manaH // " (P mahAvijJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyaya ca dabhyaH 33 bha svabhA - bIrodaya, 22|38 ((35 1) zloka ko vitAna pora maNDapa meM likhane ke pazcAt stambhoM aura maMca meM likhA jAtA hai / isa zloka ke prathama do caraNa maNDapa dhaura vitAna meM haiM, tatpazcAt tRtIya caraNa dAhine stambha se maMca kI ghora mora caturtha caraNa maMca se hotA huA bAyeM stambha meM likhA gayA hai /

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa 361 paprabandha "vinayena mAnahInaM vinaSTanaH punastu naH / munaye namanaspAnaM mAnadhyAnadhanaM mnH||" -borokya, 22 // 36 kamala meM paMkhur3iyAM paura parAga ye do vastue~ vidyamAna hotI haiN| prataH paprabandha kI racanA meM eka prabhara bIca meM parAma ke rUpa meM aura zeSa prakSara paMkhuriyoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| uparyukta zloka meM 'na' akSara parAga-rUpa meM sthita hai| zeSa prakSara anuloma-pratiloma vidhi se par3he jAte haiM, arthAt paMkhur3I se madhya meM bhora madhya se paMkhur3I meM par3hA jAtA hai|

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kArya-eka adhyayana nAlavantabandha "santaH sadA samA bhAnti madhumati nutipriyAH / payi tvayi mahAvIra svItAM kuru majUM mayi // " -vIrokya, 2214. F51 isa bandha meM zloka ko kramazaH daNDa meM sthita karate huye, paNa pora malabatta jo sandhi meM le jAte haiM, tatpazcAt tAlavRnta meM ghumAyA jAtA hai, jaisA ki paryanta sudarzanodaya meM kavi ne eka citrabandha prayukta kiyA hai-ksshtp| aba isakA padAharaNa prastuta hai|

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mahAkavijJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pramyoM meM kalApakSa kalazabandha "paramAgamalambena navena sannayaM lapa / yanna samnaramaGgaM mAM nayediti na me matiH / / " ye ti di phrupha h phrI phra 5 ra pa 263 - sudarzanodaya, 9 // 79 tiH isa bandha meM iloka kA prArambha kalaza kI prAdhArazilA se hotA hai| tatpazcAt zloka ko kalaza ke ThIka bIca meM dAyIM ghora par3hate huye zIrSasthAna taka le jAyA jAtA hai| punaH ThIka bIca ke bAyIM prora se par3hakara punaH prAdhArazilA para pahuMcakara phira bIca meM mora tatpazcAt kalaza ke bAharI bhAga meM par3hA jAtA hai, jaisA ki uparyukta zloka meM hai /

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i64 (prA) chanda gatirahita jIvana prasambhava hai| sAMsArika prANI ko usake caraNa gatizIla banAte haiM, aura kAvya ko gatizIla banAte haiM usameM prayukta kie gae chanda / 'chanda' zabda 'chanda dhAtu se 'prasun' pratyaya dvArA niSpanna humA hai| isa zabda kA tAtparya aise zloka se hai jo zrotA ko prasanna kara sake / therefa jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana zlokoM ko jaba caraNoM, vaNa mora mAtrAmoM ke prAkarSaka bandhana meM nibaddha kiyA jAtA hai, taba unameM pravAha, saundayaM bhora geyatA mA jAtI hai / phalasvarUpa pAThaka yA zrotA jaba aise zlokoM ko par3hatA yA sunatA hai, taba use madhura saGgIta sunane jaisA mAnanda milatA hai; maura vaha chandobaddha zlokoM se yukta kAvya ko par3hane meM yA sunane meM aisA lIna ho jAtA hai ki anya sabhI kAryoM ko vismRta kara betA hai / kAvya kI padyAtmaka vidhA kI racanA to pUrNatayA chandobaddha zlokoM meM hI kI jAtI hai| prata: isa vidhA meM chandoM kA mahatva pratyadhika hai / gadyAtmaka vidhA meM chandoM kA itanA mahatva to nahIM hotA, kintu gadyakavi bhI apane kAvyoM meM yatra-tatra gratea zlokoM kA prayoga karake chandoM ke mahatva kA udghoSa karate hI haiN| itanA hI nahIM balki ve bIca-bIca meM aisI zabdAvalI kA prayoga karate haiM, jahA~ kisI na kisI vRtta vizeSa kI siddhi hone lagatI hai, aise hI sthaloM ko sAhityadarpaNakAra ne gadyakAvya kA 'vRttagandhi' nAmaka bheda mAnA hai (sAhityadarpaNa, 6 / 330 ) / nATakoM meM bhI jaba koI pAtra apane kathana kI puSTi karanA cAhatA hai, yA fear bhAvavizeSa kA abhinaya karatA hai, taba zIghra hI chandobaddha zloka kA prayoga karatA hai / campUkAvyoM meM to jitanA mahatva gadya kA hotA hai, utanA hI padya kA, isalie unameM bhI chandoM kI mahimA prakSuNNa hai / kavi apane kAvyoM meM do prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga karate haiM- mAtrika prora vANika | mAtrika chandoM meM mAtrAtroM kI bhora vANika chandoM meM baNaM kI vyavasthA se zlokoM ko nibaddha kiyA jAtA hai| sAtha hI sukavi yaha bhI dhyAna rakhate haiM ki kauna se chanda vIrarasa ke barNana meM, kauna se prakRti-varNana meM bhora kauna se bhaktibhAva prakaTa karane meM sahAyaka hoMge prAdi-prAdi / spaSTa hai ki kAvya ko prAhlAdaka evaM prANavAn banAne meM chandoM kA prayoga eka mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA prabhinIta karatA hai / prataH koI bhI kAvyazAstrI mora kAvyapraNetA kalApakSa ke isa praGga kI upekSA nahIM karatA hai / mahAruvi jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM ke anuzIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne pracalita evaM pracalita donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA apane kAvyoM meM prayoga kiyA hai / unake kAvyoM meM prayukta chandoM kI kula saMkhyA 46 hai / bhAge prastuta kie gae

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranyoM meM kalApamA EE + : +++ ++ + rekhAcitra se jJAta ho jAegA ki unhoMne kitane pracalita mora kitane prapracalita chandoM kA apane kAgyoM meM kitane zlokoM meM prayoga kiyA hai aura kona chanda sarvAdhika prayukta prA hai : mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAryo meM prayukta vargIkaraNa chanda.sAriNI krama pracalita apracalita jayo- vIro- sudarzano- zrIsamudra- dayo- muni- yoga saM. chanda chanda daya daya daya dasacaritra daya manoranjana campU zataka 1. upajAti(ka) 758 503 138 134 26 + 1562 2. manuSTap 303 178 148 46 108 100 851 biyoginI 275 42 35 27 2 + 381 rathoDatA 273 1 1 + + + 277 mAtrAsamaka 226 12 17 3 4 + . 262 6. itavilambita 164 6 4 32 4 + 243 7. vaMzasya 153 25 4 36 3 + 221 6.prAryA 193 26 1 + 1 + 221 ___ svAgatA 152 + 1 33 + + .. 186 10. vasantatilakA 121 15 2 5 + 11. upenavajA 12 16 1 + 12. mAlabhAriNI 141 + + + + 13. zArdUlavikrIDita 64 20 2 ___ + 14. indravajA 15. bhujaMgaprayAta 3 13 1 + + + 11. upajAti (sa) 4 17. sakhI 11 + + 18. praupacchandasika 10. + 19. mAlinI 7 2 + + + 20. gati 8 + + + + 21. rolA 5 + 22. dohA 4 + + + indravaMzA 2 1 1 24. zikhariNI 3 1 + 25. vaitAlIya 2 + 1 + + 26. mandAkrAntA 2 1 + + + + + x 153- - 35 .5 + ++ ++++++ ++++++ + " *+++++++++x++ . ++++++++++++++++++ ++ 23 ++

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+++++++++++++ mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAma-eka sammA sragviNI 3 + + + + pRthvI 3 + majubhASiNI 3 . + lalita 3 + lAvanI 3 + 32. harigItikA 2 + 33. puSpitAmA 2 + 34. zAcinI 1 + upacitrA 1 + tAmarasa 1 + udgIti 1 + upagIti 1 + paJcacAmara 1 + toTaka 1 + + + dodhaka 1 + 42. samparA 1 + + + + + candralekhA 1 + + sanAI 1 + + + + + 1 pratibhA 1 + + + + + prarala 1 + + + + + kulayoga 17 29 3076 688 412 345 166 1.0 5060 zrIjJAnasAgara dvArA apane kAgyoM meM prayukta chandoM kI uparyukta sAriNI ko dekhane se jJAta ho jAtA hai ki kavi ne 5090 zlokoM ko 46 chandoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai / ina chandoM meM 17 chanda pracalita haiM aura 26 chanda mapracalita / sarvAdhika prayukta hone vAle chandoM ke krama meM upajAti kA sthAna sarvaprathama hai| tatpazcAt manuSTupa, biyoginI rathoddhatA, mAtrAsamaka, drutavilamvita, vaMzastha, AryA, svAgatA, basantatilakA, upendravajrA, mAlabhAriNI, zArdUlavikrIDita evaM indravajrA ina 13 bandoM kA sthAna pAyA jAtA hai| +++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++ ___ + +++++ mAnasAgara jI ne jayodaya ke 3076 zlokoM ko 46 chandoM meM, vIrodaya ke 688 zlokoM ko 18 chandoM meM, sudarzanodaya ke 412 zlokoM ko 16 chandoM meM, zrI. samudradattacaritra ke 345 zlokoM ko 12 chandoM meM, dayodayacampU ke 166 lokoM ko 11 bandoM meM aura munimanorajanazataka ke 1..lokoM ko 1 chanda meM nivaTa

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApakSa aba kucha chandoM ke lakSaNa evaM kavi dvArA unake prayoga kA vivecana prasta upajAti "manantarodIritalakSmabhAjI pAdo padIyAvupajAtayastAH / . itvaM kilAnyAsvapi mizritAsu vadanti jAtiSvidameva nAma // " -chandomaMjarI, 23 zrIjJAnasAgara ne jayodaya mahAkAvya ke 758, vIrodaya ke 503, sudarzanova ke 138, zrIsamudatavaritra ke 134 praura kyodayambhU ke 26 zlokoM meM isa chanda ko nivaTa kiyA hai| samIkSakoM ke anusAra isa chanda kA prayoga zaGkArarasa ke pAlambanabhUta udAttanAyikApoM ke rUpavarNana, vasantata evaM usake aMgoM ke varNana meM karanA caahie|' apane pAlocya kavi ke kAvyoM ko dekhakara yaha jJAta hotA hai ki upajAti ke prayoga sambandhI uparyukta niyama ko mora unakA koI dhyAna na thaa| kyoMki unhoMne apane kAvyoM meM adhikAMzataH prAya: pratyeka sarma meM isa chanda kA prayoga kara diyA hai / unhoMne isa chanda kA prayoga na kevala vasanta varNana meM hI apita yuddhavarNana meM bhI kiyA hai / unhoMne nagara-varNana meM bhI isa chanda ke prayoga meM apanI kuzalatA kA paricaya diyA hai, unakI yaha kuzalatA nAyikA ke rUpa-varNana meM bhI raSTigocara ho jAtI hai / piMgalAcAryoM dvArA batAe gae upajAti ke prAyaH sabhI meva unake kAvyoM meM dRSTigocara ho jAte haiN| spaSTa hai ki kavi isa chanda ke kucha nizcita sthaloM ke pratirikta bhI isakA prayoga karane meM kuzala hai| 1. "zugArAlambanodAranAyikArUpavarNanam / basantAdi tadaGgaJca sacchAyamupajAtibhiH // " -suvRttatilaka: 317 2. vIrokya, 6 / 1-2, 4.13 3. ayodaya, 8 / 1-3, 5-60, 63, 657-75 4. vIrodaya, 2 / 2, 5, 7, 6-12, 14, 16-22, 35-44 5. jayodaya, 11 / 1-38, 40-47, 46-51, 53-56, 62-38, 70-76 1. vahI, 8 / 1 (jAyA); (buddhi), 3 (zAlA), 5 (haMsI), (rAmA), . / (mAlA); sudarzanodaya, 114 (premA), 5 (Rddhi)|

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168 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana viyoginI 'viSame sasajA guruH same sabhairA lo'tha guruviyoginI / ' chandoM meM mAtrA kI dRSTi se, zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM isa chanda kA tRtIya sthAna hai| kucha piGgalAcAryoM ne isa chanda kA nAma sundarI bhI diyA kavi ne isa chanda kA prayoga jayodaya ke 275, vIrodaya ke 42, sudarzanodaya ke 35, zrIsamudradattacaritra ke 27 aura dayodayacampU ke 2 zlokoM meM kiyA hai| isa prakAra biyoginI chanda meM nibaTa zlokoM kI saMkhyA 381 hai| isa chanda kA prayoga kavi ne vivAha-varNana' kanyA kI vidA evaM nadI varNana' pora devagaNoM dvArA bhagavasmanmAbhiSeka varNana meM kiyA hai| . rapoDatA 'rAntarAviha raporatA lgo|' -vRttaratnAkara // 30 rapodatA chanda ke prayoga ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki isakA prayoga candra, panavanAdi uddIpana vibhAvoM ke varNana meM panchA hotA hai| kintu hamAre pAlocya mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara ne isa banda kA prayoga muni-upadezavarNana,' dUtapAtA, muDhasajA evaM nagarAgamanavarNana meM kiyA hai| yaha chanda payodaya ke 275 1. 'mayujoryadi so jagI yujoH samarA lgI pani sundarI tdaa|' -pandomammarI, 29 2. bayokya, 101.81 1. vahI, 11-82 4. pIrokya, 1.16 5. potA vibhAveSu maNyA pndrodvaadissu|' -suvRttatilaka, // 18 kA pUrvArSa / 6. jayodaya, 2 // 1.110, 113, 119-120, 122, 124.126 sapA 136 7. vahI, pA55-104 8. vahI, 2111.66, 86-t.

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mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa 366 zlokoM meM, vIrogya pora sudarzanodaya ke eka-eka zloka meM (isa prakAra kula milAkara 277 zlokoM meM) upalabdha hotA hai| kavi dvArA prayukta chandoM meM mAtrA kI dRSTi se isakA sthAna caturtha hai| mAtrAsamaka__ "mAtrAsamakaM navamo lgAntam / " -vRttaratnAkara, 2132 solaha mAtrAmoM vAle isa chanda kA prayoga kavi ne jayodaya ke 266, borodaya ke 12. sudarzanodaya ke 17, zrIsamudradattacaritra ke 3 dayodayacampU ke 4 (isa prakAra kula 262) zlokoM meM kiyA hai| mAtrA ko STi se isa chanda kA sthAna kavi dvArA prayukta chandoM meM paMcama hai / piMgalAcAryoM ne isa chanda ke vAnavAsikA, citrA, upacitrA, vizloka evaM pAdAkulakavRtta nAmaka bheda kiye haiN| kintu kavi ne sarvatra hI isa chanda ke pAdAkulaka nAmaka bheda kA prayoga kiyA hai, jisameM hrasva athavA laghu kA bandhana nahIM hotaa| isa chanda kA prayoga kavi ne sarga-samApti, vana-krIr3A varNana aura nAyaka-nAyikA-prema-varNana' meM kiyA hai| drutavilambita "abhivyaktaM nabhabhararakSaradizAkSaram / vadanti vRtajAtijJA vRttaM drutvilmbitm||" -suvRttatilaka, / 1 / 27 kavi ne isa chanda meM jayodaya ke 164, vIrodaya ke 6, sudarzanodaya ke 4; zrIsamudradattacaritra ke 32 aura dayodayacampU ke 4 (isa prakAra se kula 243) zloka nibaddha kie haiM / mAtrA kI dRSTi se kavi ke kAvyoM meM prayukta chandoM meM isa chanda kA sthAna chaThA hai| kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM isa chanda kA prayoga cintA, mati prAli bhAva-varNana' pora vairAgya-varNana meM kiyA hai / 1. chandaHzAstram, 4 / 42-47 2. 'yadatItakRtavividhalakSmayutarmAtrAsamAdipAdaH kalitam / / aniyatavRttapariNAmayuktaM prapitaM jagatsu pAdAkulakam // ' -vRttaratnAkara, 2137 3. vIrodaya, 1136 4. vahI, 14 / 1-82, 87, 63-64, 69 5. jayodaya, 22 / 1-82, 88, 91 6. vahI, 61-86 7. (ka) vahI, 25 // 1-86 (ga) zrIsamudradattacaritra, 7 / 1-30

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370 prArthA 76 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana 'yasyAH pAde prathame dvAdaza mAtrAstathA tRtIye'pi / bhraSTAdaza dvitIye caturtha ke paJcadaza sAryAM / / " . mAtrA kI dRSTi se kavi ke kAvyoM meM prayukta isa chanda kA sthAna prAThavAM hai| isa chanda meM jayodaya ke 163, bIrodaya ke 26, sudarzanodaya aura dayodayacampU kA eka-eka (isa prakAra se kula 221) zloka nibaddha haiM / kavi ne isa chanda ke samasta bhedoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa chanda kA prayoga kavi ne svayaMvaravarNana ' prara svapna-varNana meM kiyA hai / vasantatilakA 'rabhI jo go vasantatilakA / ' - zrutabodha, 4 - chando'nuzAsanam 2 / 31 kavi dvArA prayukta chandoM meM mAtrA kI dRSTi se vasantatilakA chanda kA svAma dasa hai / yaha chanda jayodaya ke 121, vorodaya ke 40, sudarzanodaya ke 15, zrIsamudradattacaritra ke 2 praura dayodaya campU ke 5- - isa prakAra se kula 183 zlokoM meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / isa chanda kA prayoga kavi ne kAvya ke upasaMhAra meM dhora prabhAtavarNana meM kiyA hai / kAla bhAriraMgI viSame sajasA yadA guru ced, sabharA yena tu kAlabhAraNIyam / ' - chandomaJjarI, 3 / 12 kavi dvArA prayukta chandoM meM mAtrA kI dRSTi se isa chanda kA bArahavA~ sthAna hai| yaha chanda ke vala jayodaya ke 141 zlokoM meM nibaddha hai| isa chanda kA prayoga kavi ne pANigrahaNa varNana evaM bArAta varNana meM kiyA hai| bAlavikrIDita "masarjaH satatairgena yukta me konavizavat / zArdUlakIrti prAhuchinnaM dvAdazasaptabhiH // 1 - subutatilaka, 136 kavi dvArA prayukta chandoM meM isa chanda kA sthAna mAtrA kI dRSTi se 13vIM hai / yaha chanda jayodaya ke 64, borodaya ke 38, sudarzanodaya ke 20, ilokoM meM prayukta 1. jayodara, 6 / 1, 3-131 2. vIrodaya, 4 / 34-36, 36-56 3. vahI, 2211-27 4. jayodaya, 18 1 86 5. vahI, 12 / 1 - 81, 83-118, 121-136

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta granthoM meM kalApakSa 371 kiyA gayA hai| ina chanda ke prayoga ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki isa candra kA prayoga rAjAnoM kI vIratA kI prazaMsA meM zreSTha hotA hai / ' parantu zrIjJAnasAgara ne isa chanda kA prayoga sagaM ke anta meM chanda-parivartana ke lie bhora sarga kA nAmollekha karane ke lie kiyA hai / dohA 'yasyAH prathamatRtIyayoH pAdayoH prathamaM SaTkalo gaNaH) tatazcatuSkalaH tatastrikala ityevaM trayodaza mAtrA:, dvitIyacaturthayoH SaTkalacatuSkalI samAno trikalasthAne eko larevetyekAdaza mAtrAstadidamaSTA catvAriMzanmAtrAbhirdohAcchandaH / - vRttaratnAkara, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja vArANasI caturtha saMskaraNa, paJcamo'dhyAyaH, pR0 saM0 147148 yaha chanda jayodaya ke 4 evaM sudarzanodaya ke 1 zloka ( isa prakAra kevala 5 zlokoM meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| puSpitAnA 'prayuji nayuga rephato yakAro yuji ca najo jaragAzca puSpitAgrA / / ' - vRttaratnAkara, 4 / 10 yaha chanda jayodaya ke kevala 2 hI zlokoM meM prayukta huA hai / 3 paJcacAmara 'jaro jaro vadanti paJcacAmaram' / - vRttaratnAkara, 3 / 152 yaha chanda jayodaya ke kevala eka hI zloka meM prayukta huA hai / 4 uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki zrIjJAnasAgara jahA~ upajAti jaise prati pracalita chanda kA prayoga karane meM kuzala haiM, vahA~ rathoddhatA evaM kAlabhAriNI jaise pracalita chandoM kA prayoga bhI unhoMne apane kAvyoM meM yathAsthAna kiyA hai| kavi kA chandovidhAna mahAkAvya meM chandasambandhI niyamoM kI zRMkhalA se mukta hai| unake 1. 'zauryastave nRpAdInAM zArdUlakrIDitaM matam / - suvRttatilaka, 3 / 22 (ka) jayodaya, 2060, 2286, 2382-83 (kha) sudarzanodaya 6 / 23 jayodaya, 10 / 111, 118 bahI, 20/25

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372 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana kAgyoM meM prAya: chandoM kA mizrita prayoga milatA hai| kintu yaha prayoga rasacaNA meM bAdhaka nahIM banA hai| (5) gIta rAga-rAgiNI-- tAla evaM rAganibaddha kavitA gAI jAne para gIta kI saMjJA dhAraNa kara letI hai| layabaddhatA ko sundara kavitA aura saMgIta kA guNa mAnA gayA hai / sAhitya aura saMgIta kA bar3A bhAro sambandha hai / ina donoM ko eka hI sthAna para upasthiti sahRdaya ko prAhlAda prApta karAne meM sahAyaka hai| ata: yadi koI kavi apane kAvya meM saMgIta ko bhI zAmila kara letA hai to usakA kAvya pradhika manorama ho jAtA hai| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM gIta - zrIjJAnasAgara ne apane saMskRta-kAvyoM meM sthAna sthAna para apanI saMgItapriyatA kA paricaya diyA hai| kabhI basanta kI zobhA se prAkRSTa hokara to, kabhI rAtri ke bhayAnaka andhakAra se Darakara, kabhI prabhAtakAlIna saundarya se prabhAvita hokara, to kabhI bhaktivaza unhoMne gItoM ke rUpa meM bhI apane hRdaya ke udgAra prakaTa kiye haiN| unake kAnya meM gAe gae gIta kramazaH prabhAtI, kAphIholikArAga, sAraMgarAga, zyAmakalyANarAga aura saurASTrIya rAgoM meM nibaddha haiN| kucha gIta 'kabAlI' zailI meM bhI pAe jAte haiN| kavi ke kAvyoM meM prApta gItoM kI saMkhyA 37 hai| inameM se cAra gIta jayodaya mahAkAvya ke 23ve sagaM meM haiM; 1 gIta 25 sarga meM hai, 1 gIta dayodayacampU ke saptama lamba meM hai, 8 gIta sudarzanodaya ke paMcama sarga meM haiM, 6 gIta SaSTha sarga meM haiM, 8 gIta veM sarga meM hai aura 3 gIta naveM sarga meM haiN| __ 'jayodaya' evaM dayodayacampU' meM gIta kina rAgoM meM gAe gae haiM, aisA ullekha nahIM miltaa| unheM gAyaka evaM saMgItakAra ko icchA para chor3a diyA gayA hai| sudarzanodaya kAvya meM 2 gota prabhAta rAga bhairava meM, do gota kApho holikArAga meM, 6 gIta sAraMgarAga meM, 2 gIta zyAmakalyANa rAga meM, 11 gIta daMzika saurASTrIya rAga meM, 6 gIta kabbAlI zailI meM, 1 gIta chadacAla nAmaka zailI meM praura 1 gIta rasikarAga meM nibaddha haiN| prabhAtI, kAphIholikA, sAraMga; zyAmakalyANa- ye cAra rAga to saMgIta ke bahucarcita rAga haiM / daizika saurASTrIya kSetradhizeSa kA rAga hai| kanvAlI zelI mAja ke urdUpriya sahRdayasamAja kI pratiprasiddha gAyana zailI hai / rasika rAga brajapraveza meM prasiddhiprApta rasiyA nAmaka rAga kA hI nAmAntara pratIta hotA hai / kintu chandacAla nAmaka gAyana-zailI kA saMgItazAstra meM koI pAribhASika

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa zabda nahIM milatA / praba kucha gItoM ke rAga sahita udAharaNa prastuta haiM :-- prabhAtI rAga-bhairava :-- isa rAga kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai rAga bhairava saMvAdI - RSabha : svara - re, dha komala, anya zuddha pA-bhairava jAti-sampUrNa bAdI-dhavata mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara dvArA isa rAga meM nivaddha eka gIta isa prakAra kAphI holikArAga gAyana samaya - prAtaH kAla tathA geyavastu - bhakti ke gIta' "graho prabhAto jAto bhrAto bhavabhayaharaNa jina bhAskarataH // sthAyI // pApaprAyA nizA palAyAmAsa zubhAyAdbha talataH / nakSatratA dRSTipathamapi nAJcati sitadyutenirgamanamataH // | sthAyI || svagabhAvasya ca punaH pracAro bhavati dRSTipathameSa gataH / kriyate vipravarerihAdaro jaDa jAtasya samutsavataH // sthAyI || sAmerikA vikasya tu malinA ruciH sumanasAmasti yataH / bhUrAjI zAntaye vandituM pAdo lagatu virAgabhRtaH // sthAyI // " 373 isa rAga kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai :rAga --kAphI, saMvAdI sa - thATa --kAphI, jAti - sampUrNa vAdI - pa svara - ga, ni komala, anya zuddha, gAyana samaya - madhya rAtri geya vastu -- holI, bhajana ityAdi / 3 jJAnasAgara jI dvArA isa rAga meM nibaddha eka gota udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta 1. vinAyakarAva paTavardhana viracita, 'rAgavijJAna', tRtIyabhAga, saptama saMskaraNa, pR0 saM0 106 2. sudarzanodaya, 5 prathama gIta / (ka) vasanta, saMgIta vizArada, (prakAzaka - saMgIta kAryAlaya hAtharasa) pR0 181 (kha) vinAyakarAva paTavardhana 'rAga-vijJAna' tRtIyabhAga, pR0 saM0 184

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374 kadA samaya: samAyAdiha jinapUjAyAH |knycnklshe nirmalajalamadhikRtya maJju gaGgAyAH / vArAMdhArAvisarjanena tu padayojina mudrAyAH / layosstu kalaGkaklAyAH // sthAyI // malayagirezcandanamatha nandanamapi lAtvA. rambhAyAH / kezareNa sArdhaM visRjeyaM padayojina mudrAyAH, na santu kutazcApAyAH // sthAyI // muktopamasandaladala mujjvalamAdAya zraddhAyAH / sadbhAvena ca puJjaM datvA'pyagre jinamudrAyAH patiH syAM svargaramAyAH // sthAyI // kamalAni ca kundasya ca jAteH puSpANi ca campAyAH / prayAmi nitayA'haM parayojina mudrAyAH, yataH saubhAgyaM bhayAt // sthAyI || ' zyAmakalyANa rAga mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana zyAmakalyANa rAga kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : rAga - zyAmakalyANa jAti vADava sampUrNa bATa- kAphI vAdI - paMcama gAyana samaya - rAtri kA prathama prahara / 2 saMvAdI - SaDja svara - komala ni, tIvra ma isa rAga meM nibaddha kavi kA eka gIta udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta hai : "jina pariyAmo modaM tava mukhabhAsA / / linnA yadiva sahajakadviSinA, niH svajanInidhinA sA // surasanamazanaM labdhvA ruciraM sucirakSudhitajanAzA // hfokulaM tu lapatyadhimadhuraM jalavastanitasakAzAt // * kinna cakora zo: zAntimayI prabhavati candrakalA sA // 3 sAraka rAga sAraGgarAga kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai :rAga - zuddha sAraMga pR0 saM0 58 3. sudarzanodaya, 5 chaThA gIta / 4. saMgIta vizArada, pU0 0 182 svara donoM ma, donoM ni gAyana samaya dina kA dUsarA prahara 1. sudarzanodaya, 5 catuthaM gIta ke prathama cAra bhAga / 2. nArAyaNa lakSmaNa guraNe, saMgItapravIraNadarzikA ( pra0 bhA0 ), dvitIya saMskaraNa

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mahAkavi zAmasAgara ke saMskRta-pranyoM meM kalApa jAti-pADava bAdI-re ". saMvAdImahAkavi dvArA isa rAga meM nibaTa eka pota udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta "sa vasanta prAgato he santaH, sa vasantaH / / parapurA vipravarAH santaH santi sapadi sUktamudantaH / / latAjAtirupayAti prasaraM kautukasAnmadhuravaraM tat / / lasati sumanasAmeSa samUhaH kimuta na sami visphuravantaH / / bhUrAnandamayIya sakalA pracarati zAntaH prabhavaM tat // ' saurASTrIya rAga isa rAga kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai :rAga-saurASTrIya, saMvAdI-paja .. thATa-bhairava, svara-donoMdha, vAdI-madhyama, gAyana samaya-prAtaHkAla' udAharaNa "na hi paratalpameti sa nA tu sthAyI kintu bhUrAgasya bhUyAd duSo viSade bAta, ... . maNikanamaNi nibayazomaNisulabhaM ca jahAtu / .... . na hi paratalpameti sa nA tu // 1 // bhojane bhaktojjhite bhavi vo banezvari, bhAta. svakaro'pi sa kakkaro na hi parozamapi yaat| na hi paratalpameti sa nA tu // " nyAlI saGgIta meM do gAyana zailiyAM haiM-bar3A khyAla evaM choTA syAla / kabAlI choTA syAna nAmaka mAyikI kA bheda hai| isakA pAviSkAra sabase prathama caudahavIM zatAbdI meM alAuddIna khilajI ke baravAra ke suprasiva saMgItajJa, kavi tathA rAmamaMtrI hajarata mamIra khusarU ne kiyA thaa| isa gIta kI kavitA choTo hotI hai| gItoM meM 1. sudarzanodaya, 6 prathama gIta / 2. saurASTroyaM bhairavasyAvamele mAMzaH pUrNo avtdvndyogii| mArohe syAttIpo'nyovarohe prAtargayo durblo'sminmissaayH||" ...... -rAmakalalAmA viSNunArAyaNa bhAtasaDe, hindustAnI saMgItapati, pa.saM041 3. sudarzanodaya, 67 gIta ke prathama do bhAna . .10 116

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376 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana / zRGgAra evaM karuNa rasa pradhAna hotA hai / phArasI evaM urdU bhASA kA prayoga hotA hai / musalima samAja ke atirikta hindunoM meM bhI zailI kA pracAra pAyA jAtA hai| isako gAne vAle 'kavvAla' kahalAte haiN| kavAlI ke sAtha Dholaka evaM tAliyAM vajAI jAtI haiM / ise druta laya meM gAyA jAtA hai / isameM ekatAla, tritAla, jhapatAla rUpaka evaM pazto ityAdi tAloM kA vizeSa prayoga hotA hai|' "samasti yatA'zmano nanaM ko'pi mahimUnyaho mahimA sthaayii|| na sa vilApI na mudvApI dRzyavastuni kila kadApi / samantAttatra vidhizApinyadRzye svAtmanIva hiyA |smsti. // narottamanavInatA yasmAnna bhogAdhInatA svasmAt / subhagatamapakSiNastasmAt kiM karotyeva sApyahimA / samasti. 2 // na eka khalu doSamAyAtA sadAnandA samA yaataa| kvApi bAdhA samAyAtA drumAlIveSyate sahimA / sagasti. 3 // iyaM bharAdhitAstyabhita: kaNTakaryatpado ruditaH / sa camasamAzrayo yaditaH kutaH syAttasya vA mahimA // samasti. 4 // saMgIta-zAstriyoM ne jisa rAga gAyana kA jo samaya batAyA hai, zrI jJAnasAgara ne apane gItoM kA bhI vahI samaya rakhA hai| kAphoholikArAga mora zyAmakalyANa rAga kA gAyana samaya rAtri kA prathama prahara hai| sudarzana ne apane sandhyAkAlIna pUjana meM hI ina gItoM ko gAyA hai| sAraMga rAga gAyana kA samaya dina kA dUsarA prahara hai| kavi ne isa rAga meM nibaddha gIta kI viSaya-vastu ke rUpa meM vasantabelAvarNana kA cayana kiyA hai / campApura ke sabhI nagaravAsiyoM ne dopahara meM vasantotsava aura vana-vihAra kiyA hai| . saMgIta bhAvapakSa ko prabala banAne kA madhuratama sAdhana hai| apane kAmyoM meM jahAM-jahAM kavi ne ina gItoM ko nivaDa kiyA hai, vahAM-vahA~ kavi kI saMgItapriyatA kA paricaya to milatA ho hai, sAtha hI usa-usa sthala kA kAmya-saundarya bhI bar3ha 1. (ka) vikramAditya siMha nigama, saMgota komudI, pR0 saM0 113-114 (ba) zAntinovadhana, saMgItazAstradapaNa, pR0 saM0 66-67 (ga) basanta, saMgIta-vizArada, pR0 saM0 154 2. sudarzanodaya, 8 pahalA gIta /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM kalApana 377 (I) guNa 'guNa' zabda kA tAtparya hai bar3hAne vaalaa| laukika jagat meM guNavAn vyakti meM zomyaM, podAyyaM. sAralya, dharya prAdi guNoM ke samAna sAhitya-jagata meM mAdhurya, moja pora prasAda ye tIna guNa saguNa kAvya meM dekhe jAte haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki samAja meM jisa vyakti ke pAsa jitane adhika guNa hote haiM, usameM utanI adhika mAnavatA hotI hai| aise vyakti kI pratiSThA bhI khUba hotI hai / isI prakAra sAhityajagata meM jisa kAvya meM mAdhuryAdi guNa jitanI adhika mAtrA meM prayukta kiye jAte haiM, usa kAnya meM rasAbhivyaJcanA bhI usI mAtrA meM hotI hai| mora aisA kAvya sAhitya jagat meM pratiSThA bhI praSika prApta karatA hai| nirguNa vyakti ke samAna hI mAdhuryAdi guNoM se rahita kAvya rasAbhivyaJjanA meM samartha na hone ke kAraNa sahRdayagrAhya nahIM hotaa| ata: yadi zoyaM, praudArya prAdi guNa mAnavatA ke cotaka haiM, to mAdhuryAdi guNa rasAbhivyaJjanA ke ghotaka haiM / spaSTa hai. ki guNoM kI sattA kAmya meM jahAM-jahA~ hogI, vahAM-vahA~ rasAbhivyaJjanA hogii| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki samAja meM vyakti kI pratiSThA ko bar3hAne vAlI zUratA, udAratA ityAdi ke samAna hI kAgya kI mAtmA rasa kI pratiSThA ko bar3hAne vAlI madhuratA ityAdi vizeSatAmoM ko hI 'guNa' kahA jAtA hai|' kAvyazAstriyoM meM rasa ke utkarSApAyaka isa tattva ke bhedoM ke viSaya meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM pracalita haiM / kintu mAnyatA kevala tIna guNoM ko hI prApta huI hai| mora ke tIna guNa haiM-mAdhurya, moja pora prasAda / / mAdhurya guraNa kA svarUpa evaM usake pramigyaJcaka tatva mana ko dravIbhUta karane vAlA saMyoga zaGgAra meM vidyamAna prAhlAdasvarUpa guNa hI mAdhurya guNa hai / saMyoga zaGgAra ke atirikta isa guNa kA camatkAra karuNa, vipralambha aura zAntarasa meM bhI kramika atizayatA se dekhA jAtA hai| mAdhurya guNa ke abhigyaJjaka tattva isa prakAra haiM (ka) varNo kA saMyoga pragane varga ke paMcama vaNoM se| (ba) Tavarga ko chor3akara kavarga, cavarga, tavarga aura pavarga ko prayoga / 1. "ye rasasyAGgino dharmAH zoryAdaya ivAtmanaH / utkarSahetavaste syuracalasthitayo guNAH // " -kAmyaprakAza (mammaTa), 8166 2. mAdhuyojaHprasAdAsyAstrayaste na punardaza / " -vahI, 868 kA puurvaarss| 3. "mAhAdakatvaM mAdhuyaM zRGgAre drutikAraNam / / karaNe vipralambhe tacchAnte cAtizayAnvitam / " -bahI, 8168 kA uttarArSa, 66 kA puurvaarss|

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378 (ga) hrasva rakAra dhIra kAra kA prayoga / (ba) samAsarahita athavA svalpasamAsavAlI racanA / ' mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM mAdhurya guNa mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke sabhI kAvya zAntarasa pradhAna haiN| unameM yatra-tatra saMyoga zuGgAra aura karuNa rasa kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| aisI sthiti meM unake ara meM mAdhurya-guNa kA prAcurya honA svAbhAvika hai| isa tathya se sambandhita kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM (ka) 'bAhirI bhavitA savitA pitA tadudayena hasiSyati paGkajam / lini cintayatIti vivasthite drutamihodbhajate'mbujimoM gajaH // 2 (ka) 'kalakatAmiti katanapuraM karitIkaGkatakaGkaNam / mRgaeaf mukhapadmavikSayA rathaminaH kRtavAn kila mamparam // 3 (ga) "sate va mRddhI mRdupallavA vA kAdambinI pInapayodharA bA / samekhalAbhyunnatimanitambA taTI smarottAnagireriyaM vA / kApIva bApI sarasA suvRttamuddeva zATIva guraNaMkasattA / vidhoH kalA vA tithisaskRtIdvA'laGkArapUrNA kaviteva siddhA / / ' 114 (gha) "naro na yo yatra na bhAti bhogI bhogo na so'sminna vaSopayogI / quopayogo'pi na so'tha na syAdyathottaraM saMguNasamprayogI // zIlAmbitA samprati yatra nArI zIlaM susantAnakulAnusAri / pitroranujJAmanuvartamAnA samIkSyate santatiraGgajAnAm // 4 (Ga) "kAmossyasI kimuta me hRdayaM viveza sammohanAya kimihAgata eSa zeSaH / : prAkhaNDa lo'yamathavA mRdusannivezazcandro hyavAtaraho mama sammude saH / / " uparyukta udAharaNoM meM prathama udAharaNa meM zAnta rasa, dvitIya meM vasanta, tRtIya meM jinamati kA saundarya, caturtha meM nagara-bAMna aura paMcama udAharaNa meM zuGgAra 1. " mUni vargAtyagAH sparzA praTavargA raNI laghU pravRttimaMdhyavRttirvA mAdhurye ghaTanA tathA // " 2. navodaya, 25/38 3. vIrodaya 6 / 26 4. 5. ka. pradhyayana sudarzanodaya, 2 / 5-6 zrIsamudradattacaritra, 6 / 3-4 campU, 7 / 23 - kAvyaprakAza (mammaTa), 874

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mahAkapi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa 371 rasa kI zobhA spaSTa hI pratIta ho rahI hai| ina udAharaNoM meM prasamastapadAvalI bhI dRSTigocara ho rahI hai mora dUsare udAharaNa meM varga apane varga ke paMcama akSara se saMyukta haiM / prataeva yahA~ para mAdhuryaM guNa hai| mAdhurya guNa ke kAraNa hI yahA~ para zAnta ityAdi rasa apekSAkRta adhika mAhlAdaka ho gae haiN| projoguNa kA svarUpa evaM usake abhivyaJjaka tatva vIrarasa, vIbhatsa rasa ghora raudrarasa meM kramazaH pratizayatA se rahane vAlI, basa ke vistAra kI kAraraNabhUta dIpti ko hI bhoja kahate haiM / " mojo guNa prabhivyaJjaka tatva isa prakAra haiM ke (ka) varga ke prathama praura tRtIya prakSaroM kA dvitIya prora caturtha se yoga / (kha) repha kA varga ke kisI bhI prakSara se kisI prakAra kA yoga / (ga) eka se akSaroM kA sAtha-sAtha prayoga / (gha) Tavarga kA bahula prayoga / (Ga) bIghaM samAsa se yukta padAvalI kA prayoga / (ca) uddhata racanA / 2 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM projoguNa zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM projo guNa bhI kucha sthaloM para dRSTigocara hotA jisake katipaya udAharaNa prastuta haiM 2. (ka) 'ya ekacakrasma suto'tra vakraH syAmnazcatuzcakratayeva zakraH / jayo jayasyeti samunnatAGgAzcaccakurityatra jabAcchatAGkAH // nabho'tra bho trastamudIraNAbhirbhavadabhayanAmatidAruNAbhiH / subhairavaH saMnyaraveH karAlavAcAla vaktreriva pUJcakAla / / (kha) 'utphullotpalacakSuSAM muharathAkRSTA''nana zrIsA 13 kArAbaddhatanustato'yamiha yadvimbAvatA rackhalAt / nAnAnirmalaratnarAjijaTila prAsAdabhitAviti taccandrAzmapatatpayobharamiSAccandragrahoM roditi // 4 1. 'dIpyAtma vistRterheturojo vIrarasa sthitiH // bIbhatsa rasayostasyAdhikyaM krameNa ca / - kAvyaprakAza (mammaTa) 8 / 62 kA uttara, 70 kA pUrvAdhaM / 'yoga prAyatIvAbhyAmantyayo reNa tulyayoH / TAdi: zaSo vRttirdadhyaM gumpha uddhata projasi / / ' -bahI (mammaTa): :8171 3. payodaya 5, 6 4. vIrodaya; 2146

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana (ga) 'utkhAtAghripati niSphalamitaH sajAyate cumbitaM piSTopAttazarIravacca lulito'pyevaM na yAti smitam / saMbhRSTAmaravatisarjanamataH syAddAsi prasyocitaM - bhinna jAtu na me hagantazarakazceto'sya sambamitam // " (gha) 'gato nRpadvApiniSphalatvamevAnvabhUtkevalamAtmasattvaH / punaH pratiprAtaridaM bravANaH babhUva bhadraH karuNakazANaH // 2 uparyukta udAharaNoM meM pahalA udAharaNa yuddha-varNana kA hai| isa uddharaNa meM eka se prakSara, repha kA saMyukta prayoga evaM samasta padAvalI dRSTigocara ho rahI hai| ina vizeSatAmoM ke kAraNa projo guNa vIra rasa ko dIpita kara rahA hai / dUsare, tIsare udAharaNa meM dIrgha samAsa mojo gaNa kA vyaJjaka hai| isI prakAra cauthe udAharaNa meM bhI samasta padAvalI prayukA kI gaI hai| prasAdagaraNa kA svarUpa evaM usake abhivyaJjaka tasva saba rasoM meM sthira rahane vAle guNa ko prasAda guNa kahA jAtA hai / jisa racanA ko par3hate hI usakA artha spaSTa ho jAya to samajhanA cAhie ki vahAM prasAda guNa bhI hai| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAgyoM meM prasAda guNa nissandeha kavivara ke kAvya prasAdagaNopeta haiN| kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM(ka) "dharmasvarUpamiti saMSa nizamya samya gnarmaprasASanakaraM karaNaM niyamya / karmapraNAzanakazAsanakaddharINaM / zarmakasAdhanatayArthitavAn pravINaH / / "5 (kha) "rarAja mAturutsaGga mahodAraviceSTitaH / kSIrasAgaravelAyA ivAle kaustubho maNiH // magAdapi pituH pAveM udayAriyAMzumAn / sarvasya bhUtalasyAyaM cittAmbhojaM vikAsaman // "" 1. sudarzanodaya, 731 . 2. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 333 3. "zuSkandhanAgnivat svacchajalavatsahasava yaH // myApnotyanyat prasAdo'so sarvatra vihitasthitiH / " -kAvyaprakAza(mammaTa), 8170 kA uttarArSa bhora 71 kA pUrvArdha / 4. 'timAtreNa zabdAtta yenArthapratyayo bhavet / sAdhAraNaH samagrANAM sa prasAdo guNo mataH // -vahI, 876 5. payodaya, 2065 1. vIrodaya, 889

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM kalApakSa (ga) "he nAtha me nAtha mano'vikAri surAGganAbhizca tadeva vAri / manoramAyAM tu kathaM sarasyAM sudarzanasyetthamabhUtsamasyA // munirAha nizamyevaM zRNu tAvatsudarzana / prAyaH prAgbhavabhAvinyo prItyaprItI ca dehinAm // "" (gha) 're re kiyajjalpasi ko'si nAhaM jAnAmyapi tvAM kuta zrAgato'si / dUraM vrajonmatta ! muSoktiko'si saMjJAyate bhUtapizAcadoSI // / 2 (Ga) "patnI tadekanAmA'bhUtasyacchando'nugAminI / smarasya rativatkAntirivendorbheva bhAsvataH || guNapAlAbhidho rAjazreSThaH sakalasammataH / kubera iva yo vRddhazravaso draviNAdhipaH || "3 381 (u) bhASA hamAre vicAroM kI abhivyakti kA sarvazreSTha sAdhana bhASA hai / vyakti grantha bAtoM meM prazakta hone para bhI sazakta bhASAbhASI hone ke kAraNa jIvana ke kaI kSetroM meM prAyaH vijaya pA jAtA hai| sAhityakAra ke lie to bhASA kA mahattva anya vyaktiyoM kI apekSA aura bhI adhika hai / yoddhA ke hAtha meM talavAra kA jo mahattva hotA hai, kAvyakAra ke kAvya meM vahI mahattva bhASA kA hai / sAhityakAra apanI bhASA ke mAdhyama se hI anya vyaktiyoM ke samIpa ghrA pAtA hai / spaSTa hai ki bhASA kalApakSa kA eka mahattvapUrNa bhaGga hai / aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki eka kavi ko kisa prakAra kI bhASA kA prayoga karanA cAhie ? pratyeka kAvyapraNetA kA, sAmAjika prANI hone ke nAte, yaha kartavya ho jAtA hai ki vaha apane kAvya meM aisI bhASA kA prayoga kare jo usake hRdaya kI prAvAja janatA taka pahu~cA sake / yadi vaha pANDitya-pradarzana ke sAtha hI janatA taka kucha sandeza bhI pahu~cAnA cAhe to aisI sthiti meM use adhika sAvadhAnI baratanI - cAhie / 1. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 15-16 2. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 326 3. dayodayacampU, 2013, 14

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382 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya-granthoM kI bhASA zrIjJAnasAgara ne apane kAmoM meM laukika saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai| parantu unake kAvyoM meM kucha sthaloM para samAja meM samAI huI urdU bhASA ke bhI kucha pAmba mA gaye haiN| jaise 'mevA', 'amIra'2, 'neka', 'zataraMja', 'bAjI', 'kurAna", phiraGgo', 'bAdazAha', 'kharIdI' ityAdi / deza meM prAjakala prAya: urdU mizrita hindI bolI jAtI hai| prataH anAyAsa hI ye zabda kavi ke kAvyoM meM mA gaye haiM / kavi ke kAvyoM meM 'jayodaya' mahAkAmpa kI bhASA meM prauDhatA, madhuratA, prAsAdikatA, pAlaGkArikatA ityAdi gaNa sAtha hI dekhane ko milate haiM / anya kAvyoM kI bhASA 'jayodaya' kI prapekSA sarala hai| kavi ne apanI bhASA ko prabhAvapUrNa banAne ke lie lokoktiyoM pora muhAvaroM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / / '' unhoMne samasta padoM kA prayoga bhI pratyalpa mAtrA meM kiyA hai, jisase bhASA meM saralatA kA bhI guNa pA gayA hai / unako bhASA viSaya-varNanAnurUpa bhI hai / kavi ke 'jayodaya', 'vIrodaya', 'sudarzanodaya' evaM 'yodayacampU' kI bhASA ko sakSaktatA ke viSaya meM to koI vivAda mere mana meM nahIM hai| parantu 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' kI bhASA meM yatra-tatra zaithilya ke darzana ho jAte haiN| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM dezakAla evaM viSayavastu ke anurUpa hI bhASA kA prayoga kiyA hai| 1. vIrodaya, 111 2. vahI, 135 .. . . 3. bahI. 4. vahI, 17 / 14 5. vahI, 17 / 14. . ....... / ...6. vahI, 1910 . . ... .. .. .. 7. vahI, 1728 . 5. jayotya, 16 / 20 : :. . ... vahI, 27 / 37 10. vahI, 16102, 11. (ka) 'nAmbuSo makarato'ritA hitA' (jala meM rahakara magara se vaira ?) --jayodaya, 270 (kha) vaMze naSTe kuto vaMza-vAdyasyAstu samudbhavaH' (na rahe bAMsa na baje baaNsurii)| .. -dayodayacampU, 3 / 4

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM lApana 386 (8) alI zelI bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa ko jor3ane kA eka sAdhana hai| yahI vaha tattva hai, jisake dvArA hama kisI kavi kI maulikatA kI parIkSA kara pAte haiN| 'zelI' zanda kA tAtparya hai DhaMga / prataH sAhitya ke kSetra meM apane vicAroM ko prakaTa karane kA jo DhaMga kavi yA lekhaka apanA lete haiM, usI ko zailI kahate haiN| pratyeka kavi yA lekhaka kI apanI-apanI zaisI hotI hai| kisI kI zailI bhAvapakSa ko abhivyaJjanA karAne meM samaya hotI hai to kisI kI zailI usake pANDityapradarzana kA sAdhana hotI hai / kavi ke kahane ke isa DhaMga ko kAvyazAstrIya rASTi se tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai- ":. . . (ka) vaidarbhI zailI- isa zailI meM kavi aise zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai, jo mAdharya gaNa ke abhivyajaka hote haiN| isa zailI meM samAsoM kA prAyaH prabhAva hotA hai yA kahIMkahIM svalpa samAsoM kI chaThA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa sthiti meM yaha zailI sarala mora madhura hone ke kAraNa kAvya ko pAlAdaka banA detI hai| isako yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM kalApakSa ko bhAvapakSa ke anurUpa hI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai|' (kha) goDI zailI. isa zailI meM aise varNoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jo projo guNa ke abhivyajaka hote haiN| dIrghasamAsoM kA isameM bahutAyata se upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zailI prADambarapUrNa hotI hai / kavi ko isa zailI meM apane pANDityapradarzana kA bhI pravasara mila jAtA hai / prataH isa zailI meM racita kAvya pAThaka se bauddhika vyAyAma karavAtA hai / (ga) pAJcAlI zailI-- isa zailI meM prasAda gugga ke abhidhyaJjaka vaNoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isameM pAMca-pAMca pora cha:-cha: taka padoM ke samAsa bhI milate haiN| sAtha-sAtha madhuravaraNoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| vAstava meM yaha zailI vaidarbhI paura goDI zailI kA mizrita rUpa hai / isa zailI meM racita kAvya ko par3hane para varNya-viSaya prAsAnI se samajhA jA sakatA hai| mahAkavi mAnasAgara kI zailI jaba hama uparyukta tInoM zailiyoM kI vizeSatAnoM ko pAlocya mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara kI racanAoM meM ghaTAte haiM to jJAta ho jAtA hai ki unake kAvyoM ko prastuta karane kI zailI vaidarbhI hai| goDI mora pAMcAlI zailI ke udAharaNa unake kAvyoM meM pratyalpa haiM / sarvaprathama vaidarbhI zailI ke kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM :1. sAhityadarpaNa, 62 kA uttarArSa, 3 kA pUrvArdha / 2. vahI, 6 / 3 kA uttarApaM, 4 ke pUrvAdha kA prrssbhaag| 3. bahI, 6 / 4

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384 (ka) "akhilAnullaGghya janAn sulocanA jayakumAramupayAtA / mAkandakSAramiva pikApi kA sA madho khyAtA // sA devI rAjasutA ceto yattadanukUlakaM lebhe / meghezvaraguNamAlA varNayituM vistarAdre // avanI ye ye bIrA nIrAjanamAmananti te sarve / yasmai vikrAnto'yaM samupaiti ca nAma tadakhaveM // / samutpanno guNAdhikAreNa bhUrizo namraH / cApa ivAzritarakSaka eSa ca paratakSakaH kAmraH // 1 prastuta zlokoM meM sulocanA svayaMvara kA varNana hai / yahA~ para svarUpasamAsA maura prasamAsA zabdAvalI kA prayoga hai| mAdhurya guNa bhI spaSTa dikhAI de rahA hai| ina zlokoM ke par3hane se pAThaka ke mana meM prAge mAne vAle vaSyaM viSaya ke prati zrautsukyapUrNa prahlAda bhI jAgarita hotA hai / "sutanuH samabhAcchriyAzritA mRdunA procchanakena mArjitA / kanakapratimeva sA'zitApyanuzAraNotkazana prakAzitA / muhurAptajalAbhiSecanA prathamaM prAva DabhUtsulocanA | tadanantaramRjjvalAmbarA samavApApi zaracchriyaM tarAm // 3 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana ina zlokoM meM vivAha ke pUrva kiye gae sulocanA ke snAna evaM pralaMkaraNa kA varNana hai| madhura zabdAvalI ke prayoga ke kAraNa varNana rocaka ho gayA hai / "natra prasaGga paricetA navAM vadhUTImiva kAmi etAm / mahurmuhuzcumbati caJcarIko mAkandajAtAmatha maJjarIM koH // prAmrasya guJjatkanikAntarAlernAlIkametatsahakAra nAma / esari karmakSaraNa eva pAnyAGgine parAsutvabhUto vadAmaH / / " 3 prastuta paMktiyoM meM kavi ne vasanta Rtu kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| yahA~ para pAThaka ke mana meM prahlAda utpanna karane meM madhura zabdAvalI se yukta pravAhapUrNa vaidarbhI zailI pUrNatayA saphala huI hai / (tha) "rarAja mAturutsaGga mahodAraviceSTitaH / kSIrasAgaravelAyA ivA kaustubho mariNaH / / gAdapi pituH pArzve udayAdre rivAMzumAn / sarvasya bhUtalasyAyaM cittAmbhojaM vikAsayan / (14) 1. jayodaya, 102-105 2. bahI, 10 28- 26 3. vIrodaya 6 / 20- 21 4. vahI, 88-6

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM mAvapakSa 395 yahA~ vaidarbhI zailI meM prastuta bhagavAn mahAvIra kI bAlyAvasthA ko sundara ceSTAmoM kA yaha sandara varNana kisa sahRdaya ko AkarSita nahIM karegA? (Ga) "sumAnasasyAtha vizAMvarasya mudrA vibhinnAra saroruhasya / munIzabhAnorabhavatsamIpe lokAntarAyatatamaH pratope / nizIkSamANA nagavaMstadIyapAdAmbujAla: mahacAriNIyam / meru suradaM jaladhi vimAnaM nirdhU mahni ca na tadidAnaH / / ki duSphalA va! mupha rA phalA vA svapnAvalIyaM bhavato'nubhAvAda / bhavAnaho divyagasti tena saMzrotumicchA hRdi vartate naH / / "' uparyukta zlokoM meM svapnAvalI ke tAtparya ke prati seTha suSamadAsa ko jijJAsA variNata hai| "kadA samaya: sa samAyAdiha jinapUjAyA: // kaJcanakalaze nirmalajalamadhikRtya majugaGgAyAH / vArA dhArAvisarjanena tu padayojinamudrAyAH / layo'stu kalaGkakalAyAH / / sthAyI // malayagirezcandanamaya nandanamapi lAtvA rambhAyAH / kezareNa sAdhaM visajeyaM padayojinamudrAyAH, . na santu kutazcApAyAH ||sthaayii 2 // 2 isa udAharaNa meM svAbhAvika pralaGkRtatA, saGgItamayatA, madhuratA, saralatA pAdi guNoM se paripUrNa vaidarbhI zelo hai| (ca) mA sundaro nAma babhUva rAmA vAmAsu sasvidhikAbhirAmA / rAjAdhirAjasya ratIzvarasya ratiryayA prItikarIha tasya / vazyeva paJceSarasapravINA dAsIva satkarmavidhI dhuriinnaa| bhatra sabhAyA bhuvi vAci vINA sAcimya indrasya zacIva lInA // rAjJaH sadA mohakarova yuktiyAM mauktikotpattikarIva zuktiH / panaGgasantAnamayova mukti-sthalIha lAvaNyavatIva muktiH // 3 ina paMktiyoM meM cakrapura ke rAjA aparAjita kI rAnI kA guNasamUha evaM saundarya variNata hai / zabdAvalI meM saralatA, mAdhurya, pravAha ityAdi vizeSatAeM baMdI zailI kI ho poSikA haiN| rucikare mukure mukhamuddharannaya kadApi sa cakrapurezvaraH / kamapi kezamunokSya tadA sitaM samayadara yamadUtamivoditam // 1 sudarzanodaya, 3133,35 2. baho, 5 baturtha mota ke prathama do bhAga / 3. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 6 / 11-13

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mahAkavinAmasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana nanu jarA pRtanA yamabhUpatermama samIpamupAJcitumIhate / bahugavAdhikRtaha tadagrataH zucinizAnamudeti pradobata / / taruNimopavanaM sumanoharaM dahati yacchamanAgnirataH param / bhavati bhasmakaleva kilAsako palitanAmatayA samudAsako / navavadhU kisa saka kucitAnmatirapasarenmukhavAriviSAdatiH / vivamatAcca kaTI kulaTeba sA svalatu picchalageva punA rasA // "" prastuta paMktiyoM meM cakrAyudha kI vRddhAvasthA ke viSaya meM vicAra variNata hai| ina vicAroM meM svAbhAvikatA paura rocakatA spaSTa hI dRSTigocara ho rahI hai / (2) "dhanazrIrapi tena mauktikena zuktirivAdaraNIyatAM kAmadhenuriva barasena bhoramaritastamatAmudyAnamAleva vasantena praphullabhAvaM samudraveleba zazadhare NAtIvollAsaMsadbhAvamudAbahAra hAralasitavakSaHsthalA"2 prastuta goza meM somadatta ko putra rUpa meM prApta karane vAlI dhanazrI kI prasannatA kA sandara evaM svAbhAvika varNana hai| (ba) yadIkSamAtreNeva viSA viSAdapratiyoginaM bhAvamaGgIkarvANA kiletthaM vica cAra svamanasi, manasijamanojo mRdulamAMsalasakalAvayavatayA samavAptA. rogyo dRzAmanimeSatayopabhogyo madIyahRdoSAGgIkaraNayogyo'sti ko'so zrImAn yaH khalu pUrvaparicita iva mama citaH sthAnamanugRhNAti / ' prastuta gavabhAga meM somadatta ke darzana se viSA ke hRdaya meM uThate hue ratibhAva kAmbara varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki upayukta sabhI udAharaNa aisI vaidarbhI zaMlI ke hai, jisameM mAdhurya guNa kI pradhAnatA hai, samAsa pratyalpa haiM, alaGkAra svabhAvata: pAye hai, phalasvarUpa saralatA evaM pravAha spaSTatayA dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| prathama bhora dvitIya udAharaNa to atyadhika hRdayAvarjaka haiN| praba eka do udAharaNa pAJcAlI zailI ke bhI prastuta haiN| svayaMvaramaNDapa meM upayukta para kI khoja meM ghUmatI huI rAjakumArI sulocanA kA eka zabda-citra isa vaidyopAmasahitAntatra na bhogASibhuva imaanshitaa| tatyAna sapadi dUrAmmadhurAdharapiNDakhajUrA // cAlitavatA yatrAmukaguNagatavAci tu snetraa| kaututimeva valayaM sAGaguSThAnamikopayogamayam // 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 71-4 2. yodayacampU, 3 / 10 ke vAda kA glaash| 1. vahI, 4 zloka 14 ke pUrva kA gavamAna /

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranyoM meM bhAvapakSa 357 yAnajanA manayAntAmbaracAribhyo gharAgharakulaM tAm / kamalebhyaH kamazivaM zazikiraNahAsabhAsamiva // "" prastuta paMktiyoM meM samasta kintu madhura zabdAvalI kA aisA prayoga kiyaa| gayA hai, jo prartha ke anurUpa hai| paba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmAbhiSeka hetu prasthita devagaNoM kI jhAMkI prastuta "aravindadhiyA dadhavi punararAvaNa uSNasacyavim / dhutahastatayAttamuttyajannanayadAsyamaho suravrajam / / jhaSakakaMTanakranirNaye viyadabdhAvuta tArakAcaye / kavalayakArAnvaye viSaM vibudhAH kaustubhamityamabhyadhuH / / punaretya ca kaNDinaM purAdhipuraM trikramaNena te suraaH| . upataspuramuSya gopurAprabhuvItyaM jinaptisattarAH // 2 prastuta zlokoM meM pravAhapUrNa zailI hai| zailI ke isa vaiziSTya se hAsa aura utsAhabhAva aura bhI adhika pAlAdaka ho gae haiM / / goDI zailI ke udAharaNa munizrI ke kAvyoM meM nahIM ke hI barAbara haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki kavi kA zabdADambara para vizvAsa nahIM hai| unakI racanAoM meM jahA~ doghaM samAsa dikhAI dete haiM, unameM sugamatA aura pravAhapUrNatA pAI jAtI hai| mata: aise sthaloM kI zailI ko 'goDI zailI' nahIM kahA jA sktaa| uparyavata vivecana se spaSTa hai ki zrIjJAnasAgara ne apane kAvyoM meM pradhAnatayA vaidarbhI zailI kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| yaha zailI unake kAvyoM kI viSayavastu ke anurUpa bhI hai| bhaktibhAva, zAntarasa evaM zaGgArarasa varNana meM pArambara kI koI prapekSA nahIM hotii| prata: goDI zailI kavi ke anukUla bhI nahIM hotii| kahIM-kahIM vaidarbhI ke sAtha hI mAdhuryamizrita jo pAMcAlI zailI hai, vaha bhI kathApravAha ko bala detI hai| (3) vAgvadagdhya 'vAgvadagdhya' kA tAtparya hai-vANI kI zAlInatA, bAta ko kahane kA vidvattA se yukta sundaratama ddhngg| jaba bhI hamArA samparka kisI vAgvidagdha vyakti se hotA hai, taba usakI anupasthiti meM bhI hameM usakI yAda mAtI rahatI hai| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyoM meM vAgvadagdhya / kavivara ke bhI kucha pAtra vAgvidagdha haiM / unake kAvyoM meM variNata vAdagdhya ke kucha udAharaNa nimnalikhita haiM:1. jayodaya, 6 / 11 / 13 2, vIrodaya, 7.1.12

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388 mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana pApapatA ha. (ka) kAzI nareza prakampana kA dUta atyadhika vAgvidagdha hai| vaha jaba svayaMvara meM prAmantrita karane hetu jayakumAra ke pAsa jAtA hai, usa samaya vaha sulocanA ke guNoM kA varNana karane meM apane vAgvadagdhya kA paricaya detA hai : "vicakSaNekSaNAkSaNNaM vRttametadgataM matam / kSaNadaM kSaNamAdhyAnAkarNAlaGkaraNaM kuru // "' (baha jaya kumAra se kahatA hai ki sAvadhAna hokara, sukha dene vAle isa prasAdhAraNa vRttAnta ko thor3I dera ke lie apane kAna kA prAbhUSaNa banA lo) 'merI bAta suno' ke sthAna para ukta kathana kahakara dUta na kevala jayakumAra ko apitu pAThaka ko bhI prabhAvita karatA hai| paura bhI "yAtrA tavAvAstu tadIyagAtrAvalokanalaMdhaphalA vissaataa| vAmena kAmena kRte'nukUle tasmin puna: zrI: sughaTA na dUre // "2 (vidhAtA ApakI yAtrA ko usa sulocanA ke darzana se prAptaphala vAlA banAye / usa pratikUla gati vAle kAmadeva ke anukUla hone para lakSmo kI prApti nahIM hotii|) / yahA~ para dUta ne jayakumAra ko sulocanA ke upayukta vara ke rUpa meM pAkara unheM ukta prAzIrvAda diyA hai| sAtha hI usake kathana kA yaha bhI tAtparya hai ki jayakumAra ko sulocanA avazya pracchI lgegii| dUta kI vAkcAturI se jayakumAra pratyadhika prabhAvita hote jAte haiM / (kha) munocanA ko paricArikA vidyAdevI bhI bAkcaturA hai svayaMvara magapa meM rAjApoM kA paricaya karAte samaya vaha apane vAkakauzala se pAThaka kA mana moha letI hai / prastuta haiM usako vANI se nikale hue vAgvadagdhya ke do udAharaNa :(ma) "kAJcoratirayamArya kAJcImapaharta mahatuM taveti / / kAcIphanadidAnI dvivarNatAM vibhramAdeti // " (he mAyeM ! yaha kAMcI deza kA svAmI tumhArI karadhanI ko utArane ke yogya ho| jo ki isa samaya kacanAra ke phala ke samAna do raGgoM ke vibhrama ko utpanna kara rahA hai|) yahA~ 'dvivarNatA' zama se paricArikA ne sulocanA ko sAvadhAna kara diyA 1. jagodaya, 3138 2. vahI, 362 3. vahI, 6636

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM bhAvapakSa hai ki doharI rIti ko apanAne vAlA kAJcIpati tumhAre dvArA varaNa karane yogya nahIM hai| (ba) vaha sulocanA ke mana kI bAta ekadama jAna letI hai| jaise hI vaha sulocanA ko jayakumAra ke anukUla dekhatI hai, vaise hI vistArapUrvaka jayakumAra ke guNoM kA vistRta varNana karane lagatI hai aura anta meM kaha bhI detI hai ki yadi tumhArI icchA jayakumAra kA varaNa karane kI hai to isI samaya usake gale meM jayamAlA DAla do "yadi cejjayaiSiNI tvaM dRkzaraviddhaM tata: zithilamenam / prayi bAle'smin kAle sajAya bandhAvimambena / / "' (ga) prakakoni kA anavadyamati nAmaka mantrI bhI vAgvidagdha hai| prakIti ko ati vinayapUrvaka jayakumAra aura mahArAja prakampana ko kSamA karane ke lie samajhAtA hai / usakA kahanA hai ki sevaka kI unnati usake svAmI ke utkarSa meM bAdhaka nahIM banatI kyoMki vRkSoM kI puSpa-samRddhi hI vasanta kA mAhAtmya bar3hAtI hai| phira isI jayakumAra ne to bharata ko digvijaya dilavAyI, prataH yaha unakA sneha pAtra hai / pitA ke samAna pUjya rAjA prakampana ke prati deSa bhAva rakhanA to gurudroha hI hogaa| (gha) 'jayodaya' kAmya kA nAyaka jayakumAra bhI vAgvidagdha hai / vaha yuTa meM bhI prakakoti se jIta jAtA hai pora vAgvadagdhya meM bhii| vaha prakaMkIti se kahatA hai ki jisa prakAra jala bindu samudra ke jala-samUha meM vilIna ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra merA mana bhI prApase sandhi karane ko utsuka hai| + + + maiM aura Apa alaga-alaga haiM, aisI bhedabuddhi samApta ho| milana to pratyadhika sampatti dene bAlA hotA hai jabaki viraha kampana utpanna karatA hai| prataH hama logoM meM viSaTana nahIM, saMghaTana honA hI ucita hai / (Da) 'sudarzanodaya' kA nAyaka seTha sudarzana sthAna-sthAna para apanI vAkcAturI kA paricaya detA hai / jaba usake mitra usake anamanepana kA kAraNa pUchate haiM to vaha bar3I caturAI se manoramA darzana se utpanna santApa kI bAta ko TAla detA hai aura kahatA hai ki jinadeva ke mandira meM ucca svara se bhajana gAne se mujhe sAnti kA anubhava ho rahA hai| 1. jayokya, 6 / 118 2. vahI, 7 / 35-43 3. vahI, 11-46 4. sudarzanodaya, 3237

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3t. mahAkavi nAmasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana (ba) 'zrIsamudradattacaritra' kA nAyaka bhadacitra evaM usake mAtA-pitA togI hI vAgvaMdamya se yukta haiM / bhadramitra ko ratnadvIpa yAtrA ke samaya hameM tInoM vAgvadagdhya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai|' isake atirikta 'dayodayadhamma' ke pAtra somadatta, rAjA kA dUta' pora rANA kA dvArapAla' bhI vAgvadagdhya kA paricaya dete haiM / uparyukta udAharaNoM ke atirikta bhI kavi ke kAvyoM meM vAgvadagdhya ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiM, kintu ve adhika mAkarSaka evaM udaraNIya nahIM haiN| saMvAda kavi jaba kAmya-praNayana karatA hai to vaha kucha bAteM apane pApa kahatA hai pora kucha bAteM kAvya ke pAtroM ke mAdhyama se kahalAtA hai| kAmya meM pAe pAtroM ke pArasparika pAlApa-saMtApa ko hI saMbAra kahA jAtA hai| kAvya kI nATaka nAma viSA meM to pAtroM ke ina kathopakapanoM kA hI mahatva hotA hai, kyoMki pAtra apane ina saMvAdoM ke mAdhyama se hI darzaka ko apanA paricaya detA hai bhora kathA ko gati detA hai / kAmya kI gaNAtmaka viSA meM bhI kahIM-kahIM kavi pAtra ko sAmane prastuta karane ke lie,-mAnoM svayaM usake bAre meM kahate-kahate thaka gayA ho,-usase saMvAda karavAtA hai| kintu pathakAvya varNanAtmaka hote haiM, prataH inameM saMvAdAtmakatA kA guNa kama hI dekhane ko milatA hai / mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-kAvyoM meM saMvAda zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM aneka saMvAda haiN| udAharaNArtha-dUta-jayakumArasaMvAda, prakakoti-pranavarAmati-saMvAda, siddhArtha-priyakAriNI-saMvAda, priyakAriNI-devI. saMvAda, varSamAna-siddhArya-saMvAda, seTha vRSabhadAsa-jinamati-saMvAda, sudarzana-kapilAsaMvAda, sudarzana-manoramA-saMvAda, sudarzana devadatA-saMvAda, bhadramitra-mAtA-pitA kA saMvAda, zrIbhUti bhavamitra-saMvAra, magasena-ghaNTA-saMvAda, guNapAla-govinda-saMvAda, guNapAla-guNazrI-saMvAda, dUta-somadatta-saMvAda, maMtrI-vRSabhadatta-saMvAda, rAjA-viSAsaMvAda prAdi-prAdi / yahA~ prApake samakSa kucha mahattvapUrNa saMvAdoM ke udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM (ka) vana-vihAra ke samaya kapilA mora rAnI prabhayamatI kA vArtAlApa dekhiye- . 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 313-14 2. yogyacampU, 7 // 3-4, 6,6 3. vahI, 72, 5 4. vahI, 8

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta-granthoM meM bhAvapa "kAntArasavihAre'smin samudokya manoramAm / stanandhayAnvitAmatra kapilA''hAvanIzvarIm // keyaM kenAnvitA'nena mauktikeneva zuktikA / jagadvibhUSaNenAsti svarUpAtpUtatAM gatA / / prasti sudarzanataruNA'bhyudeyaM sukhalatA'yamatha ca punaH / kautukabhUmira mukhyA nayanAnandAya vilasatu naH / / pratyuktayA zanairAsyaM sanairAzya mudIritam / napuMsakasvabhAvasya svabhA'vazyamiyaM nu kim / / nizamayetyagadadrAzI sagadeva hi bhASase / samunmate kimetAvat samunmAnte zIhina / / zrutamabhUtapUrvamidaM tu kutaH kapile tvayA sa vaM klebhyayutaH / puruSottamasya hi mAnavatA kenAnunIyatAM mAnavatA // ityataH + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + he pavanIzvara samvacmi na neti saH / samprApitaH svayaM prAha mayekAkI kilaMkadA || rAzI prAha kilAbhAginyasi tvaM tu nageSvaso / punnAga eva bho mugdhe dugdheSu bhuvi gavyavat // "1 + + + + + + + + + + asA hasena tatrApi sAhasena viprANI prANitAvAptyA ko na prAstAM mahiSaye devi zrImatIti bhavatyapi / sudarzana bhujAzliSTA yayA kila gharAtale // "" ++1 ++11 tadA'vadat / muhyati bhUtale / / rAnI prabhayamatI aura kapilA ke isa vArtAlApa meM uttara- pratyuttara, rocakatA, upayuktatA ityAdi sabhI guraNa milate haiN| kapilA kI ghUrtatA kA paricaya bhI ina saMvAdoM ke mAdhyama se acchI prakAra ho jAtA hai / 191 aba prastuta hai ratnadvIpa jAne ke lie utsuka bhadramitra kA apane mAtApitA ke sAtha vArtAlApa - "brato namaskRtya pituH purastAnnivedayAmAsa vidAmatastAm / prAdeza evAsti yato gurUNAM phalaprado'smabhyamahaH purUNAm / / 1. sudarzanodaya 6 / 3-14

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13 mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAvya -- eka adhyayana mAditya uA rasabhuka samasti tato hi santApakara prasti / vidhuH kalAbhiH parivarTaka: san pituH prasaktyaM jagato'pyalaM saH / / ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ : ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ // tasmai pitA pratyavadata suteti mahaddhanaM me sutarAmudeti / kAryA'sti kulyA marave yathA kijagatsupAyonidhaye tathA kim / / ekAki evAGgaja ! me kulAyaH svayaM tvamAnandaraze'napAyaH / duHkhAyate mahyamidaM vacaste kinnAma yAnaM guNasaMprazaste / / nizamya putra: punarityuvAca satyAnvitA bhI bhavatAM tu vAcaH / tathApi kartavyapathAdhiroha-vazaMvadaH sAmpratamAgato'hama // he tAta zAtatireSa jAta- mAtrasthiti rinidheH prayAtaH / sukhena khe narmanidhevidhAtizayapradaH mantriharAvibhAti / / dehena yAsyAmi mano'lirastu tathApi te pAdapayojavastu / sAphalyadAtAstu ca te zubhAzirvAdo yato mAmiha rakSitAsi / / evaM nizamyoktimatra pitrA bhavanti vAcaH suta ! te pavitrAH / mApo yathA gAMgajharasya yattvaM punItamAtaH samito'si sattvam / / kaThorabhAvAnnivasAnyahantUdayAdrivatte jananoha kinta / ravevinA kAzatatiyathA syAttamodharAvAhitA myudAsyA / itIrito'bhyetya sa janmadAtrIM natvA jagAdottamapuNyapAtrom / mAtavaMyasyaH saha yAmi dezAntaraM zubhAzIrbhavatAta te sA / kRtvA'tra mAmambujasaMvihInAM sarovarImaGgaja ! kinnu dInAm / / kilocitaM yAtu miti tvameva vicArayedaM dhiSaNAdhideva / / ityetadukteH prativAdamAha bAlo'tra nAhaM bhavatIM tyajAmi / neSyAmi yAsyAmi sahAtmanAtma-citte nidhAyatyuta saMvadAmi / / "1 uparyukta kapopakathana meM vAkya kucha lambe ho gaye haiN| para isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki tInoM pAtra dharyavAn mora sahiSNu haiN| phira bhI vAkya sarasa aura upayukta hai| (ga) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM kA tIsarA mahatvapUrNa saMbAda vaha hai, jahA~ ghaNTA dhIvarI mora mRgasena pIvarI kA vArtAlApa hotA hai| ghaNTA dhIvarI para kuTumba pAmana kA bhAra hai| jaba usakA pati khAmI hApa lauTatA hai aura jJAna kI bAta karane lagatA hai, usa samaya usakA krodha bhar3aka uThatA hai / magasena dhIvara kA 1. bIsamuhadattacaritra, 312-14

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mahAkavijJAnasAvara ke saMskRta-pranthoM meM mavapakSa 363 mana pUrNataH virakta ho cukA thA / ataH vaha apanI pApamayI vRtti ko chor3a detA hai mora prapanA mantavya ghaNTA ke sAmane rakhatA hai| isa sthala para nirveda prora krodha bhAMvoM kA aisA dvandva hotA hai jo ki tUphAnI havAoMoM ke parvatoM para prahAra kI bhA~ti pratIta hotA hai " ghaNTA - prasti cedastu kintena / sa sAghurvayantu gRhasthA:, ki tasya kathayAsmAkaM siddhiH / tasya mArgo yogastyAgazcAsmAkantu saMyogo bhogo'pi ceti mahadantaram / grAtmakartavyavismRtyA parakAryakaro naraH / sadyo vinAzamAyAti kolotpATIva bAnaraH / / + + mugasena: pratyAha - he bhAmini, kimmayA kilA karaNIyameva kRtam, kintAvadahaMsAgharmo manuSyamAtrasyApi karttavyabhAvaM nAsAdayati ? + + + + ghaNTA (jiro ghunitvA) jagAda - he bhagavan sadabuddhi dehIdazemyo dharmadharmetiraTanakArakebhyaH / idamapi na jAnanti dharmAndhAH yatkila dharmapAlanaM zarIrasthitipUrvakam, zarIrasthitizca vRttyadhInA / vadantu gRhasthAH sAdhavo'pi tanusthityAyahAramanveSayantaH pratibhAnti, tadalAbhe te'pi kati na pathabhraSTA jAtaH / zrImatI bhagavatastasyarSabhadevasyApi kAle tena sArddhaM dIkSitA rAjAno bhuktyalAbhAdevotpathamavAptA iti bhUyate + + + + + mRgasenaH pratijagAda yadi kAnte, svidiyAnte vicArastahi zRNu - kimiyaM vRttiryA'smAbhirekAntena parasattvasaMhArerNava sampAdyate / + X + mRgasenaH prativadati sma - karSaNe'pi hiMsA bhavati ced bhavatu kintu na kRSIvalaH karoti vayantu kumaM ityetadatyantamantaramasti / ghaNTA -- tadA punarbhavata: sAghozca vicAreNAsmAbhirbubhukSitaMreba martavyamiti nAyaM varmo'smAdazAmanukUlatayA pratibhAti / saGgacchat sAdhusannidhimeva bhavAn kimadhunAsmAbhiH prayojanamiti sampratayaM mRgasenaM bahiSkRtya dvArasyArasaGgaThanapUrvakamagaMlapradAnamapi cakAra / ' yyn (gha) rocakatA evaM upayuktatA kI dRSTi se dUta, somadatta, rAjA evaM maMtrI kA saMvAda bhI draSTavya hai / isa sthala para apane saMvAdoM dvArA dUta apane bAkcAturya kA maura maMtrI apanI mantraraNA zakti kA paricaya dete haiN| sabhI kathana samayA nukUla haiM / uparyukta saMvAdoM ke atirikta pUrvokta ginAe gaye saMvAdoM meM prAyaH nIrasatA hai / jaba eka pAtra bolanA zurU karatA hai to dUsarA pAtra kAphI dera meM bolane kA gadyabhAga se 22 ke bAda ke gadya bhAga 1. dayodayacampU, 2 / iloka 13 ke pUrva ke taka / 2. bahI, 711-12

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LE mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana avasara pAtA hai - jaise prakIti manayadyamati-saMvAda / ' yadi yahA~ para prarkakIrti aura manavacamati eka dUsare kI bAta ko kATate, uttara- pratyuttara ko adhika pravasara milatA to saMvAdoM meM pravazya rocakatA prA jAtI / cUMki zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvya padyakAvya haiM, jo prAya: varNanAtmaka hote haiM / aisI sthiti meM pAtroM ke kathopakathana nahIM ke barAbara hote haiM, yadi hote haiM to unameM bhI varNanAtmakatA evaM upadezAtmakatA mA jAtI hai| phira bhI saMvAdoM kI dRSTi se hama apane prAlocya kavi ko prasaphala nahIM kaha skte| kyoMki sodAharaNa saMvAdoM ne yaha bAta siddha kara dI hai ki yadi kavi nATaka likhate to unake saMvAda pravaSaya hI adhika rocaka, sazakta mora pravasarAnukUla hote / kintu kheda kI bAta hai ki hamAre kavi ne kAvya kI racanA nahIM kI / dezakAla - yaha vaha tasva hai jo pAThaka dhIra pAtroM meM sambandha banAne ke lie eka viziSTa vAtAvaraNa banA detA hai / pratyeka kAvya kI kathA kisI vizeSa deza aura kAla kI hotI hai / bhale hI vaha kAlpanika ho, kintu dezakAla ke ucita bana se satya ho pratIta hotI hai / 'deza zrIra kAla ke ucita varNana se hamArA tAtparya hai ki kAvya kA pAtra jisa sthAna para rahakara apanI lIlAyeM karatA hai, usa deza kA bhaugolika, sAmAjika, bhASika praura rAjanaitika dRSTi se aisA varNana karanA cAhie ki pAtra kI gatividhiyoM kA deza kI paristhitiyoM se tAdAtmya sthApita ho ske| isI prakAra pAtra kI ceSTAeM bhI kAla ke anusAra honI caahieN| afa ko cAhie ki vaha apanI kathAvastu se sambaddha deza meM yAtAyAta ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM kevala belagAr3I upalabdha hai, to pAtroM dvArA puSpaka vimAna se yAtrA na karAe / bhUlokanivAsI pAtra ko sahasA prakaTa yA antarhita na kraae| prAdhunika yuga ke vyaktiyoM ko ratha aura vaidikakAla ke pAtroM ko kAra sAikila para na ghumAe / prAjakala ke sAmAjika ko kanyamUla aura prAdima yuga ke prANI ko pUrIsabjI, pulAba ityAdi khAtA huA na citrita kare, kyoMki ye sabhI bAteM deva aura kAla ke viruddha haiM ataH kavi ko apane kAvya vAstavikatA, manoraMjakatA mora upahAsarAhitya ke lie isa tatva kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / pranyathA pAThaka ko kAvya par3hane meM koI mAnanda nahIM praayegaa| vaha paga-paga para kAvya kI ha~sI ur3Akara use korI gappa kI saMjJA degaa| kAvyoM ke pAtroM kI sajIvatA kI dRSTi se, kathAvastu ke pravAha kI dRSTi se yaha tatva mahattvapUrNa hai, aisA mAnakara kavi ko dezakAla kA ucita varNana karanA cAhie / 1. bayodaya, 7 / 33-54

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mahAkavi mAmasAgara ke saMskRta-mantroM meM bhAva 365 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAmyoM meM dezakAla - mahAkavi ke kAmyoM meM pAtroM, bhaugolika sthAnoM evaM ghaTanAmoM kA varNana dezakAla ke anurUpa hI kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne apane kAvya ke pAtroM ko unake svabhAva evaM paristhitiyoM ke anusAra prastuta kiyA hai / devavarga ke pAtra mAnavavarga ke pAtroM ke utkarSa meM sahAyaka hai|' mAnava varga ke pAtroM meM nAgarika bhogavilAsa yukta jIvana atIta karate haiN| pora prAmINa janoM kA jIvana-stara sAbanI evaM saralatA se yukta hai / myantaravarga ke prANI mAyAcAra karane meM rata rahate haiN| pAtroM kI lIlAbhUmiyoM ke rUpa meM kAzI,5 hastinApura,' kuNDanapura, campApura, cakrapura aura ujjayinI'* kA aisA varNana kiyA hai, jisase unakI samRddhi kI jhalaka bhI mila jAtI hai aura pAThaka kAya ke pAtroM ke pUrva unakI janmabhUmi evaM karmabhUmi kA paricaya bhI pA letA hai| pAvApura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mokSabhUmi hai," yaha to aitihAsika satya hI hai| vivAha ke samaya nagarI ko sajAnA,12 bahupatnIprapA' pora vittIya adhikAriyoM ke sthAna para nagara zreSThiyoM kI niyuktiyoM mAdi bhI tatsamayA. nusAra hI haiN| (Ga) sArAMza kavivara mAnasAgara ne kalA ke prAyaH sabhI bhedoM kA prayoga apane kAvyoM meM 1. borodaya, pAMcA samaM / 2. vahI, 2 / 38, 44 3. sudarzanodaya, 1221-22 4. vahI, 676-83 5. jayodaya, 3 / 73-85 6. vahI, 11166-66 7. vIrodaya, 2021-5. 8. sudarzanodaya, 1 / 11.37 1. zrIsamudradatacaritra, 61-8 10. dayodayacampU, 1 // zloka 1. ke pUrva kA gababhAga evaM 10.11 11. bIrodaya, 2021 12. jayodaya, 3173-85 13. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 618-19 14. yodayacammU, 2014

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mahAkavi jAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana kiyA hai / unakA yaha kalA-prayoga kAvya meM kisI bhI prakAra kA asantulana nahIM lAtA, apitu bhAvapakSa ko sabala banAtA hai| kavi ke pAMcoM kAvya pUrNataH alaGkata haiM, kintu unakI yaha palaGkArapriyatA kahIM bhI rasaraGga kA kAraNa nahIM hai / unake anuprAsa, ileSa, yamaka ityAdi alaGkAra baNyaM viSaya ke anurUpa haiM; aura citrAlaGkAra na kevala kavi ke malaGkArazAstrIyajJAna ke paricAyaka haiM, mapitu kaSA ke sAra rUpa meM bhI prastuta huye haiN| unake gIta unako saGgIta-priyatA ke dyotaka haiM, sAtha hI bhaktibhAvavarNana samaya ina gItoM ke prayoga se kavi ke hRdayodgAroM ko bhI prakaTa hone meM sahAyatA milatI hai / guNa, bhASA, zailI, vAgvedAdhya, dezakAla ityAdi sabhI ke prayoga meM kavi ko spahaNIya saphalatA milI hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki hamAre kavi kA kalApama bhAvapakSa ke sarvathA anurUpa hai| vaha kahIM bhI pANDitya pradarzana kA sAdhana mAtra hokara nahIM pAyA hai| prAH yadi hama kaheM ki kavi zrI jJAnasAgara ne bhAvapakSa praura ka nAma ke mANakAJcana saMyoga ko prastuta karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai, to koI pratyukti nahIM haapo|

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navama adhyAya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana bovana-darzana : eka saMkSipta paricaya saMsAra meM jitane bhI prANI jovana dhAraNa karate haiM, ve pUrNatayA prAtmanirbhara nahIM hote / samAja, rAjanIti, arthavyavasthA, saMskRti, dharma aura darzana -saMsAra meM upalabdha ina tattvoM se unakA jIvana pravazya hI prabhAvita hotA hai| phalasvarUpa inhIM ke niyantraNa meM rahakara ve apanA kriyAkalApa karate haiN| prANiyoM ko samAja, rAjanIti prAdi kI kucha bAteM anukUla haiM aura kucha pratikUla / apanA jIvana saphala banAne ke lie loga pratikUna bAtoM meM parivartana karake unako anukUla banAnA cAhate haiN| ve eka riziSTa prakAra kA samAja rAjanIti, arthavyavasthA, saMskRti evaM dharma cAhate haiN| jIvana ko prabhAvita karane vAle samAja, rAjanIti prAdi ina tatvoM ke viSaya meM vyakti kI aisI dhAraNA ko hI 'jIvana-darzana' kahA jAtA hai| koI vyakti kasA jovana cAhatA hai, yahI usakA jIvana darzana hai| kavi kA jIvana ke prati dRSTikoNa kyA hotA hai ? yaha usake kAmyoM kA parizIlana karane se acchI prakAra jJAta ho sakatA hai| yahAM apane pAlocya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana ke prati dRSTikoNa unake kAvyoM ke prAdhAra para prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| kavi ko sAmAjika vicAradhArA .. zrI jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki unheM aisA samASa priya hai, jisake logoM ko dharma evaM mAnavatA ke prati prAsthA ho tathA bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlatattva adhikAdhika mAtrA meM hoN| muniyoM kA kartavya logoM meM dharma ke prati cetanA lAnA ho, zAsaka prajAraMjana karate hue rAjya kare, bariNagjana prapaM. vyavasthA ko saMbhAle, sevaka uparyakta tInoM zreNiyoM ke logoM kI sevA kreN| spaSTa hai kibI mAnasAgara bhArata meM pracalita varNavyavasthA ko mAnate hai / parantu yaha varNa 1. dozyeDazImaGgamatAmavasthAM teSAM mahAtmA kRtavAn vyavasthAm / vibhajya tAn bhatriya-vaizya-zUdra-bhedena meSA-saritAM samudraH / / yasyAnukampA hadi tUdiyAya sa zilpakalpaM vRSalotsavAya / nigava vimyaH kRSikarma cAyamihAzAstraM napasaMstavAya // -borogya, 18 / 13-14

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398 mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana vyavasthA ko janma ke anusAra nahIM, baran karmoM ke anusAra mAnate haiN| isIlie unhoMne brAhmaNoM ke kucha mAvazyaka mamaNa batAe haiM, jo isa prakAra hai : brAhmaNa ko satya, ahiMsA, asteya, bArya pora aparigraha kA pAlana karanA cAhie, tapazcaraNa, iniyasaMyama, zokarAhitya meM usakI pravRtti honI cAhie, use chala prapaMca se sabaMdhA dUra rahanA cAhie; usameM zAMti, saMyama aura zuddhatA kI vikatA honI cAhie, prANimAtra ke prati kyA honI cAhie; use pAtma-cintana karanA cAhie, bhaura paranindA se dUra rahanA cAhie / nispRha mana, vacana pora kAya se zuru-parvatabhAva kI prApti, rAtribhojana kA parityAga karane vAlA, eka samaya sAne vAlA, nirjantuka jala ko pIne vAmA puruSa hI brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai / samAja meM jinheM brAhmaNa kahA jAtA hai ve brAhmaNa nahIM hai, vAstavika brAhmaNa to uparyukta guNoM sampanna rahane vAlA vyakti hI hotA hai|' kavi kA dRSTikoNa hai ki loga sAdhuSoM kI bAta kA vizvAsa kareM, unakA pAvara kreN| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne apane kAmya meM svapnoM kA phala batAne ke lie sambhrAnta seTha vaSabhadAsa ko jinamandira ke muni ke pAsa bhejaa|2 samAja ke logoM se unheM apekSA hai ki apane pUjya janoM ke prati prAdara-bhAva rakheM aura unakI kahI bAta ko vinamra hokara suneM / seTha vRSabhavAsa kA putra sudarzana isa bhAva kA udAharaNa hai| vaha campApurI ke rAjA ke uccapada kA vicAra karatA humA usake dvArA apane prati kiye gae duvyavahAra para dhyAna nahIM detaa| seTha vRSabhadAsa ke dIkSA lene para svayaM bhI dIkSA lene kA vicAra karane lagatA hai| isI prakAra vIrodaya mahAkAvya ke nAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI pitA dvArA prastuta apane vivAha ke prastAva ko jisa vinamratA se prasvIkata karate haiM, vaha dekhane yogya hai|" mahAkavi ke mana meM zikSita samAja ko jhADI hai / deza se nirakSaratA ko haTAne kI prabala icchA hai| usakI dhAraNA hai ki pratyeka abhibhAvaka kA kartavya hai ki vaha apane baccoM ko zikSita kre| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake dayodayacampU kAvya meM grAma ke nivAsI govinda gbAle dvArA apane pAlita putra somadatta ko yathAzakti zikSA dilavAne kA varNana hai / / 1. vIrodaya, 14135-43 2. sudarzanodaya, 2 / 22:24 . 3. vahI, 2022-24 4. vahI, 415 5. vIrodaya, 123, 28-45 6. kyodayacammU, namba 4, zloka ke pUrva evaM bAyakA gababhAga /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana 366 1 zrIjJAnasAgara kI nAgarika samAja kI apekSA grAmINa samAja meM saralatA evaM sauhArda ke adhika darzana hote haiN| jisa anAtha bAlaka ke viSaya meM sunakara seTha guraNapAla usako bhArane ke lie tatpara ho jAtA hai, usI bAlaka ko dekhakara vastI meM rahane vAle gobinda-gvAle ke mana meM dayA evaM vAtsalya kA srota umar3ane lagatA hai / zrIjJAnasAgara ne varNavyavasthA ke AdhAra para hI vivAha-saMskAra ko. mAnyatA dI hai| rAjakumArI sulocanA mora jayakumAra kA vivAha ghora seTha sAgaradatta kI putrI manoramA ke sAtha seTha vRSabhadAsa ke putra sudarzana kA vivAha isa tathya ke udAharaNa haiM / sambhavataH kavivara jJAnasAgara putra ko putrI se adhika mahattva dete haiM, isalie unake kAvyoM meM putra janmotsava kA varNana to milatA hai, kintu putrI ke janmotsava kA ullekha taka kahIM nahIM miltaa| kintu unhoMne vivAha meM putra kI icchA kI bhA~ti hI putrI kI bhI icchA ko mahatva diyA hai| sulocanA svayaMvara' mora sudarzana manoramA vivAha isa tathya ke udAharaNa haiM / pati-patnI kA dAmpatya jIvana sukhamaya ho, isake lie kavi kA vizvAsa hai ki puruSa ko ekapatnIvrata honA caahie| ho, yadi rAjanIti kI dRSTi se aneka vivAha karane par3e, to koI bAta nhiiN| isI prakAra patnI ko bhI cAhie ki vaha pati meM ekaniSTha hokara rahe, pranvathA usakI dazA rAnI prabhavamatI ke samAna hogI / afa kA yaha bhI vizvAsa hai ki striyoM ko bahuta adhika svatantratA denA ThIka nahIM, pati kA patnI para niyantraNa honA cAhie; anyathA vaha apanI svatantratA kA durupayoga kara sakatI hai| sAtha hI kavi ne strI ke sahacarI rUpa ko dAsIrUpa se 1. vahI, lamba 3, zloka 3 ke bAda kA gadyabhAga / 2. vahI, lamba 3, zloka 3 ke bAda kA gadyabhAga tathA zloka 10 3. (ka) jayodaya, 12vIM sagaM / (kha) sudarzanodaya, 3 / 48 4. (ka) vIrodaya, 81-6 (kha) sudarzanodaya, 3 / 4-14 5. jayodaya 6 / 116-121 6. sudarzanodaya, 3 / 42-48 7. vahI, 6 zloka 26 ke pahale kA gIta / 8. dayodayacampU, lamba 7, zloka 12 ke bAda ke gadyAMza / 9. sudarzanodaya, 8 / 35

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya --eka adhyayana adhika mahattA pradAna kI hai|' yadi pati dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA mArga samucita ho, to striyoM ko cAhie ki svayaM bhI usI prora baDhane kA prayatna kreN| . mahAkavi kI mAnyatA hai ki putra-putrI ko apane mAtA-pitA kI prAjJA mAnanI hI cAhie, kintu mAtA-pitA ko bhI apanA svArtha siddha karane ke lie aisA koI bhI kArya nahIM karanA cAhie jo unako santAna ke hita meM bAdhaka ho, jaisA ki guNAla evaM guNamato ne kiyaa| kavi ko daTi meM santAna ko mAtA-pitA kI anucita prAjJA kA ullaGghana kara denA cAhie / zrIjJAnasAgara ko nArI kA vezyA rUpa acchA nahIM lagatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake kAvya kI eka vezyA to somadatta ko udyAna meM sotA humA dekhakara usake prati vAtsalya se vibhora ho jAtI hai| prora dUsarI vezyA sudarzana ke tapasvI evaM er3ha-vyaktitva ke pAge jhuka jAtI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kavi ne nArI ke svAbhA. vika guNoM ko vezyAmoM ke asvAbhAvika durguNoM para vijaya karAI hai, jo bhAja ke vaizyAvRttyunmUlana kA hI pratIka hai| uparyukta vivecana se spay hai ki zrI jJAnasAgara aisA samAja cAhate haiM, jisameM saba prakAra se svastha, niMdhyaparAyaNa, sadAcArI evaM dharmAtmA vyakti hoN| kaSi ko rAjanaitika vicAradhArA -- . kisI rAjya ke saMcAlana kI rIti ko hI rAjanIti kahate haiN| rAjanIti pratyeka zAsaka kI alaga-alaga hotI hai / kiso rAjA kI nIti saphala hotI hai aura kisI kI prasaphala / saphala rAjanIti vaha hai jisake anusAra rAjA prajA para niyantraNa bhI kara sake aura use vAtsalya bhI de ske| isa prakAra kI nIti meM vidroha kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM ho sktii| zrI jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM ke parizolana se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ko isa bAta kA pUrA-pUrA jJAna hai ki rAjA ke prajA ke prati aura prajA ke rAjA ke prati kyA-kyA kartavya hone cAhieM ? eka muni dvArA rAjakumAra jayakumAra ko die gae upadeza meM kavi kI isa rAjanaitika vicAradhArA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai usake anusAra rAjA ko apane sevakoM se ucita vyavahAra karanA caahie| dAna, sammAna ityAdi se zatrunoM ko bhI prapane vaza meM kara lenA caahie| jo rAjA prajA ke hita kA dhyAna rakhatA hai, yogya vyakti ko hI kArya sauMpatA hai aura soca-vicAra kara ho 1. (ka) jayodaya, 28166 . (sa) sudarzanodaya, 8 / 27, 33, 34 2. dayodayacampU, SaSTha samma / 1. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 47, 8 5. dayodayacampU, lamba 4, zloka 11 pora 12 ke bAda ke madamAga / 5. khudarzanodaya, 6 loka 31 tathA isake pUrva kA giit| 6. jayodaya, 2170-72

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana 401 kArya karatA hai, usake hI rAjya meM prajA sukhI hotI hai evaM usake ho prati prajA meM bhaktibhAvanA bhI udita hotI hai / rAjA siddhArtha', cakravartI samrATa bharata, evaM vaSamadatta aise hI prajAvatsala zAsaka haiM / samrATa bharata to rAjanIti meM atyadhika nipuNa haiM / adhInastha rAjAmoM se unake aise pArivArika sambandha hai ki ve sabhI unake viruddha vidroha karanA to dUra rahA, soca bhI nahIM sakate / rAjA ko prajAvatsala evaM rAjanipuNa hone ke sAtha hI sAtha, dUradarzI bhI honA caahie| use na kevala bAhya logoM kI apitu panta:pura ke vRttAntoM kI bhI pUrNa jAnakArI honI caahie| rAjA ko vyakti kI pUrI parakha honI cAhie, anyathA antaHpura meM hone vAle bhraSTAcAroM ke lie sudarzana jaise niraparAdha prajAjana doSI ThaharAye jAte haiN| rAjAmoM ko yaha bhI cAhie ki vaha vAstavika aparAdhI ko khojakara hI nyAyapUrvaka daNa kI vyavasthA kre| rAjya-saMcAlana kA sarvapramukha adhikArI rAjA hotA hai| kavi ne nyAyApoza ke rUpa meM bhI rAjA ko ho svIkAra kiyA hai| rAjya kI salAha dene ke lie eka maMtrimaNDala bhI honA caahie| rAjA ko prarthavyavasthA calAne ke lie eka rAjaseTha kA pada bhI kavi ko mAnya hai| rAjya kI surakSA hetu kavi ko senApati pada bhI svIkArya hai| rAjAnoM ke saMdezoM ko idhara-udhara bhejane ke lie dUtoM ko bhI acchI vyavasthA honI caahie|' prajA ko rAjA ke niyantraNa meM rahanA cAhie / rAjA kI mora se prasArita mAjJA kA pratyeka prajAjana ko pAlana karanA cAhie / kavi ne prAjJAkArI prajAjana ke rUpa meM somadatta ko prastuta kiyA hai, jo rAjA kI prAjJA prApta hone para rAjakumArI se vivAha kI vinamra svIkRti detA hai|" yuddha ke sambandha meM bhI kavi ko eka nizcita dhAraNA hai ki jaba pratipakSI 1. vIrodaya, 333 2. jayokya, 733 3. dayogyacampU, 1192 4. sudarzanodaya, 7 // 35-36 5. bahI, 8 / 10 6. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 414 7. jayodaya, 38 8. dayodayacampa, 1314 9. jayodaya, 6 / 14 10. vahI, 2058 11. syodayacampa, 7 zloka 12 pora 13 ke bIca kA gadya bhASa /

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402 mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana rAjA yuddha karane para utArU ho jAe to pITha dikhAne kI apekSA yuddha ho karanA caahie|' yoddhAmoM ko paraspara samAna zastra evaM vAhana kA prayoga karanA caahie| yuddha kI samApti para mata vyaktiyoM kA antima saMskAra evaM ghAyaloM kA upacAra karanA caahie| ___ spaSTa hai ki kavi aisI rAjanaitika vyavasthA cAhatA hai jisameM prajA kI khuzahAlI evaM adhInastha rAjAbhoM para madhura-niyantraNa raha ske| kavi kI prAdhika vicAradhArA .. kavi kI hArdika icchA hai ki pratyeka vyakti mAyika dRSTi se svAvalambI ho| apanI isa icchA ko unhoMne vaNikputra bhadramitra ke carita ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| vyakti ko apanI varNavyavasthA ke anusAra hI bhAjIvikA kA upArjana karanA caahiye| samAja meM arthopArjana kA kArya variNagjanoM ko hI zobhA detA hai| tathA vadha mAdi nindya karma cANAloM kA paitRka vyavasAya hai| - kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM samudrIya vyApAra, pazupAlana, kRSi, miTTI ke bartana banAne mAdi jyavasAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / prAkheTavatti ko unhoMne nindha karma mAnakara janasAmAnya ko use chor3ane kI preraNA dI hai|11 jayakumAra ko upadeza dete samaya bhI muni ne apanI yogyatA ke anusAra vyakti ko arthopArjana karane kI salAha dI hai / spaSTa hai ki kavi kI dRSTi meM pratyeka gRhastha puruSa ko apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie dhanopArjana avazya hI karanA caahie| 1. jayodaya, 782-85 2. vahI, 8 / 64-65 3. vahI, 885 4. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 31-16 5. sudarzanodaya, 2 / 1-3 6. bahI, 7 / 36 7. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 317 8. dayodayacampa, 3 zloka | ke bAda kA gdybhaag| 9. sudarzanodaya, 1121 10. vahI, 71 11. dayodayacampU, prathama evaM dvitIya lamba / 12. jayodaya, 2 // 111-116

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana kavi kI sAMskRtika vicAradhArA mahAkavi zrI jJAnasAgara kI prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke prati gahana prAsthA hai / vaha veda-vedAGgoM ko zikSA para vizvAsa karate haiN|' parantu unhoMne karmakANDa meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA kI kaThora nindA kI hai aura 'ajeryaSTavyam' ityAdi vedavAkyoM kA susaMskRta evaM hisAparaka bhAvArtha samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / unako dRSTi meM 'prajeryaSTavyam' isa vedavAkya kA tAtparya - 'bakaroM se yajJa-kriyA kA sampAdana karanA cAhiye - aisA nahIM hai, apitu isa vAkya kA tAtparya hai-- na unane yogya purAne dhAnya se yajJa karanA cAhie / 2 kavi kA punarjanma evaM karmaphala meM sudRr3ha vizvAsa hai / unake anusAra apane pUrvajanma meM jo jaisA karatA hai, dUsare janma meM usako usI ke anusAra phala bhogane par3ate haiN| somadana ne pUrvajanma meM eka machalI ko jIvana dAna diyA thA, prataH vartamAna janma meM vaha bAraMbAra mRtyu ke mukha se bacatA rhaa| zrIbhUta purohita ne putra kA dhana har3apane kA prayatna kiyA thA, isalie vaha bAra-bAra kuyoniyoM meM janma le lekara bhaTakatA rahA / 4 zrI jJAnamAgara kI jinendradeva ke prati dRr3ha-bhakti hai / unake saMskRta bhASA meM likhe gae pratyeka grantha kA zubhArambha zrI jinadeva kI hI sthiti se humrA hai / " unake kAvyoM ke nAyaka zrI bhagavAn jinendradeva ke ho isake pratirikta pAtroM dvArA kiyA gayA jinadeva kA pUjana bhI kavi kI jinendra meM prAsthA ko abhivyakta karatA hai / bhakta haiN| bhagavAn bhagavAn jinendradeva ko mUrtiyoM evaM jinAlayoM para kavi kI prAsthA nitAnta 1. sudarzanodaya, 3 / 30-31 2. vIrodaya, 28 / 50-51 3. dayodayacampU, 1 zloka 12 ke bAda tIsarA gadyabhAga, 3 zloka 7 ke bAda dUsarA gadyabhAga, 4511, 5 zloka 14 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga, 6 / 12 4. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 3 / 28-32, 45, 35, 5032, 34 5. ( ka ) jayodaya, 111 402 (kha) vIrodaya, 11 (ga) sudarzanodaya, 1|1 (gha) zrIsamudradattacaritra, 11 (Ga) dayodayacampU, 111 (ca) samyaktvasArazataka, 111 6. (ka) jayodaya, 24 // 58-60 (kha) sudarzanodaya, 5 prArambha ke 8 gIta

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-- eka adhyayana spaSTa hai / prAyaH sanAtanadharmAvalambI hindudhoM kI bAlikAeM apane vivAha ke avasara para sarvaprathama gaurI pUjana ke lie jAtI haiM, parantu kavi ne aise avasara para jinapUjana kI hI preraNA dI hai / 'jayodaya' kI nAyikA sulocanA apane vivAha ke avasara para zrIjinadeva ke hI pUjana hetu jAtI hai / maMtra zakti para bhI kavi kA vizvAsa hai / 'gamo parihaMtANaM' isa maMtra ke bala se hI eka gvAle ne seTha ke putra ke rUpa meM janma liyA aura jinabhakti ke phalasvarUpa mokSa bhI prApta kiyaa| gAruDika ne apanI maMtra zakti se hI rAjA sihasena ko kATane vAle duSTa sarpa kI pahicAna kii| kavi ne indrANI, zrI, hI prAdi deviyoM evaM indra, kubera ityAdi devagaNoM kI bhI sattA svIkAra kI hai| jisa prakAra sanAtana dharma vAle ina deva-deviyoM ko brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ke zAsana meM svIkAra karate haiM, usI prakAra kavi ne apanI paramparAnusAra ina deva-deviyoM ko jinendradeva kA sevaka batAyA hai / ' 404 kavi ne mAnava jAti ke pratirikta eka mora jAti batAI hai - vyantara evaM vyantarI / kavi ke anusAra jaba koI vyakti pratizodha kI bhAvanA se prAtmaghAta karatA hai, taba usakA isI yoni meM janma hotA hai| isa yoni kA svabhAva pratipakSI ke sAtha durvyavahAra karane kA hI hotA hai / " zrI jJAnasAgara kA jyotirvit evaM jyotiSa, donoM para hI vizvAsa hai / unake anusAra pratyeka zubhakArya ke lie devajJoM se athavA svayaM muhUtaM jAna lenA cAhie / 7 hindU saMskRti ke solaha saMskAroM para unakI prAsthA hai| unake anusAra nAmakaraNa, vidyArambha, vivAha ityAdi saMskAra ucita samaya para ho hone caahieN| 5 layakumAra aura sulocanA ke vivAha ke avasara para vara ko vivAhamaNDapa meM bulAnA, mantroccAraNapUrvaka pANigrahaNa karAnA, bArAta kA saharSa svAgata karanA mora harSamaya vidhAna sahita vara-vadhU ko vidA karanA prAdi bAtoM kA varNana yaha batAtA hai ki 1. vIrodaya, 2 / 33-36 2. jayodaya, 5 / 61 3. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 26-27 4. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 4 / 12-14 5. vorodaya, paMcama evaM saptama sagaM / 6. (ka) jayodaya, 20142-143 (kha) sudarzanodaya, 835, 1076-63 7. dayodayacampU, 4 zloka 17 ke pUrva kA gadyAMza / 6. (ka) vIrodaya, 8 / 22 (kha) sudarzanodaya, 3 / 15 tathA 29

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana kavi ko prAcInakAla se calI pA rahI ina paramparAmoM para pUrA vizvAsa hai|' ___ svapna-darzana para bhI apanI pUrva-paramparA ke anusAra unheM atyadhika vizvAsa hai| tIrthaGkara kI mAtA pUrva-janma se pUrva solaha svapna dekhatI hai / pora mantaH kevalI kI mAtA putrajanma se pUrva pAMca svapna dekhatI hai|' mahAkavi kI prAsthA hai ki ye svapna meM utpanna hone vAle putra kI vizeSatAmoM kA spaSTa saMketa zrI jJAnasAgara ne vyakti ke pUrvajanmoM ko bhI mAnA hai| unake pratyeka kAmya meM pAtroM ke pUrvajanmoM se sambandhita kathAeM isa tathya ko puSTi karatI haiN| jJAnasAgara jI rAjA evaM munijanoM ko rASTra kA sammAnanIya vyakti mAnate haiM / rAjA jisa mArga se bhI nikale, prajA ko usakA svAgata karanA caahie|' tyAga kI sAkSAt pratimA muni to na kevala janasAmAnya ke hI, apitu rAjA ke bhI pujya hote haiN| __vaha tyAgonmukha bhoga para hI vizvAsa karate haiM / hindU-saMskRti ke anusAra vaha bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki putra ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke pazcAt puruSa ko tapasyA hetu tapovana meM calA jAnA caahie| 1. jayodaya, 10 / 6, ekAdaza sagaM, dvAdaza sarga; 13 // 1-21 2. vIrodaya, 4 / 27 3. sudarzanodaya, 2 / 14-18 4. (ka) vIrodaya, 4140-61 (kha) sudarzanodaya, 2 / 36.40 5. (ka) jayodaya, 23 / 10-97 (kha) vIrodaya, 11 / 1-37 (ga) sudarzanodaya, 4 / 17-37 (gha) zrIsamudradattacaritra, 4 // 22-37 (Ga) dayodaya campU, lamba 1, zloka 21 ke bAda cauthe gavAMza se dUsare lamba tk| 6. jayodaya, 21151-52 7. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 6134 8. vahI, 416 1. (ka) ayogya, 21167 (sa) vahI, 26 / 38 (ga) sudarzanodaya, 4 / 14 (gha) zrIsamudradattacaritra, 6 / 33

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46 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana vaha pratithi-vatsala bhI haiN| somadatta kA pAlita pitA govinda gvAlA gusApAla ke viSaya meM binA jAne ho usakA pratizaya satkAra karatA hai aura somadatta ko bhI usakI sevA meM niyukta kara detA hai / " 2 kavi ne jalakrIr3A, pataGgakrIr3A evaM zataraMja krIr3A ke sandarbha meM bhI apane jJAna kA paricaya diyA hai, jo usakI manoraMjanapriyatA kA paricAyaka hai / kavi ke anusAra vivAha ke samaya kanyA ko sundara vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajAnA cAhie, vivAhAdi ke zubha avasaroM para maGgalagItoM kA prabandha honA cAhiye * evaM ina avasaroM para dAna bhI denA cAhie / 3 bhAratIya tyohAroM para bhI zrIjJAnasAgara kI prAsthA hai / isalie unhoMne apane kAvyoM meM jhUlA jhUlane prora vasantotsava meM vanavihAra karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| hamAre kavi saGgItapriya bhI haiN| bhAratIya paramparAnusAra unakA vizvAsa hai ki rAga evaM tAla meM nibaddha bhajanoM ke gAyana se devatA avazya hI bhakta kI pukAra suna lete haiM / prata: jahA~ kahIM bhI unake mana meM bhaktibhAva jAgarita humA hai, vahI unhoMne saGgItamaya bhajana apane iSTa deva ko sunAye haiN| unake matAnusAra saGgIta hamAre manobhAvoM evaM prantardvandva ke prastutIkaraNa meM paryApta sahAyaka hotA hai| isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki zrI jJAnasAgara prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ko pradara kI dRSTi se dekhate the 1 afa kI dhArmika vicAradhArA mahAkavi zrI jJAnasAgara jainadharma ko mAnane vAle haiN| yaha jaMnadharma do prakAra 1. dayodayacampU, caturthaM lamba / 2. (ka) jayodaya, caturdaza sagaM / (kha) vIrodaya, 12 / 24-26 (ga) zrIsamudradatta caritra, 3 / 41-42 3. jayodaya, 10 / 28-40 4. bahI, 10 / 15 - 22 5. vahI, 3 / 6 6. vIrodaya, 4 / 71-23 7. sudarzanodaya, 6 prArambha ke 4 gIta evaM 1-3 zloSa / 8. (ka) jayodaya, 19va sagaM / (kha) sudarzanodaya, 5 prArambha ke 8 gIta / 6. vahI, 6 zloka 24 ke bAda kA gIta /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana kA haiM - zvetAmbara jainadharma bhora digambara jainadharmaM / kavivara ke kAvyoM ke parizI na se jJAta hotA hai ki unheM digambara jainadharma para hI vizvAsa hai / unhoMne jainadharma kiM vA jaina darzana kI apane kAvyoM meM yatra-tatra prasaGgAnukUla jo mImAMsA prastuta kI hai, usakA saMkSipta sAra isa prakAra hai : vratoM kA poSaka ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacayaM evaM praparigraha - ina pA~ca padArthoM kA mAhAtmya sabhI dharmoM meM mAnya hai / mahAkavi zrIjJAnasAgara kI bhI ina pAMcoM mahAvratoM meM gahana prAsthA hai| ina mahAvratoM ke mAhAtmya prastutIkaraNa hetu hI unhoMne apane kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai, jinameM 'dayodayacampU' kI racanA mahisAvrata kI poSikA hai; kyoMki isa kAvya meM eka muni ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara mRgasena nAmaka ghIvara ke dvArA mahAvrata ke dhAraNa karane kA evaM usake phalasvarUpa hone vAle phaloM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 'zrIsamudradatta caritrakAvya' satya prora asteya hai / isa kAvya kA nAyaka satya bolakara utkarSa kI bhora bhagrasara hotA hai mora zrIbhUti nAmaka purohita corI ke aparAdha meM daNDa pAtA hai| 'vIrodaya' mahAkAvya brahmacayaM kI mahimA kA udghoSa karatA hai| isa kAvya ke nAyaka bhagavAn prAjIvana brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karate haiM; aura apanA samaya lokakalyANa ke mArga meM lagA dete haiM / 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya praparigrahavrata ke mAhAtmya ke prastutIkaraNa ke liye likhA gayA hai / isa kAvya kA nAyaka rAjA hokara bhI apane vaibhava ko chor3akara vana kA Azraya letA hai / 'sudarzanodaya' mahAkAvya ina pA~coM dharmoM ke atirikta citta kI Dar3hatA rUpa Avazyaka dharma ke prastutIkaraNa ke lie likhA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM unhoMne ina vratoM ko dharma rUpa vRkSa kA prAvazyaka bhaGga bhI mAnA hai / " bhojana ke viSaya meM bhI mahAkavi kI jainadharmAnusAra kucha nizcita mAnyatAe~ haiM, jaise ki pratyeka vyakti ko pake hue phala khAne cAhie~ / kyoMki kacce phaloM meM jIba hote haiM / pratyeka gRhastha ko nirAmiSa bhojana karanA cAhiye bhora madirA, bhaGga ityAdi padArtho kA sevana nahIM karanA cAhiye / pracAra, murabbA, makkhana, bar3a, popala, gUlara, abIra, pilakhana prAdi ko nahIM khAnA cAhiye / camar3e meM rakhe huye tekha, ghRta prAdi padArtha nahIM khAne caahieN| canA, mUMga, chAMcha ityAdi dvidala dhanna ke sAtha kaccA dUdha, dahI, chA~cha ityAdi kA upayoga karanA cAhiye / 4 1. sudarzanodaya 6 / 70 2. vIrodaya, 12 / 33 3. (ka) jayodaya, 2 / 109 (kha) sudarzanodaya, 4 / 43-44 fl 4. (ka) bahI, 2056-58 sAgaradharmAmRta, 2 / 11-13

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana jainadharmAvalamvI gRhasthoM ke viSaya meM vizeSa vyavahAra kI kucha anukaraNIya bAteM bhI kavi ne batAI hai| tadanusAra gRhastha puruSa ko jIvikopArjana ke liye kucha na kucha avazya karanA cAhiye / ' zaizavAvasthA meM vidyAgrahaNa karake yuvAvasthA meM dharma kA pAlana karanA caahiye| usakA mana karuNA evaM nirmala buddhi se yukta honA cAhiye / parastrI meM sadbuddhi rakhanI cAhiye / dUsare kI sampatti meM prAsakti nahIM karanI cAhiye / vRddha janoM kI bAtoM ko sunanA cAhiye / prapanA prAcaraNa dUsaroM ke anukUla banAnA cAhiye / gRhastha puruSa ko bhI jala chAnakara hI pInA caahie| parva ke dinoM meM gRhasthoM ko upavAsa karanA cAhiye / isa prakAra rahita hokara gRhastha jIvana sukhapUrvaka vyatIta karake anta meM cAhiye / " 8.4 jaina dharmAnusAra zrAvaka ko gyAraha pratimAeM dhAraNa karanI par3atI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM: darzana pratimA, vrata pratimA, sAmayika pratimA, proSadha pratimA, sacitatyAga pratimA, rAtri bhojana tyAga pratimA, brahmacayaM pratimA, prArambha tyAga pratimA, parigraha tyAga pratimA, anumati tyAga pratimA prora ucchiSTa tyAga pratimA / zrIjJAnasAgara ne tyAgonmukha gRhastha zrAvaka ke liye jina gyAraha niyamoM ke pAlana kA prAdeza diyA hai, ve jaMnadhamaM sammata uparyukta gyAraha pratimAyeM hI haiM, unakA sarala evaM vyAvahArika prAzaya isa prakAra haiM (ka) uttejaka padArthoM kA sevana nahIM karanA cAhiye ( darzana pratimA ) / atithi ko bhojana karAne ke bAda bhojana karanA cAhiye ( vrata pratimA ) / (ga) "camaMsthite dhRte tele toye cA'pi vizeSataH / rasotpannAH sadA jIvAH sambhaveyurmataM budhaH // " - dharmopadeza pIyUSavaM - avakAcAra, 3027 chala prapaJca se saMnyAsa le lenA 1. bIrodaya, 16 / 16 2. bahI, 18 / 23 - 39 (ka) vorodaya, 19 / 29 (kha) " bastreNAtisupotena kSAlitaM tatpivejjalam / mahisAvratarabhArya mAMsadoSApanodane / " - dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra, 3 / 34 4. (ka) jayodaya, 238 (kha) sudarzanodaya, 78(ga) jainadharmAmRta, 463-94 5. vIrodaya, 18 / 40 6. benadharmAmRta, 4129-136

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana 4.6 (ga) tInoM sandhAmoM meM bhagavAn kA smaraNa karanA cAhie (sAmayika prkaar)| (gha) mahamI bhora caturdazI ke dina upavAsa karake mana ko nizcala rakhanA cAhiye - (proSaSa pratimA) (Ga) bhagni-pakva vastumoM kA sevana karanA cAhiye (sacittatyAga pratimA) (ca) do vAra se jyAdA kadApi nahIM khAnA cAhiye / pracchA to yaha hai ki eka hI bAra khAne kA abhyAsa karanA cAhiye (rAtri bhojana tyAga prtimaa)| (cha) kAmasevana kA tyAga karake mana ko mAtmacintana meM lagAnA cAhiye (brahmacarya prtimaa)| (ja) brahmacarya dvArA indriya-saMyama karanA cAhie (prArambhatyAga prtimaa)| (jha) pUrvopArjita dhana ke prati pAsakti nahIM rakhanI cAhie (parigraha tyAga prtimaa)| (ba) dUsare puruSoM kA bhI sAMsArikatA se mana haTAte hue svayaM sArA samaya paramAtmA meM lagAnA cAhie (anumatityAga prtimaa)| (Ta) apane lie banAe gae bhojana kI prAvazyakatA par3ane para dUsaroM ke lie saharSa dAna kara denA cAhie (uddiSTa tyAga pratimA) / ' jaMnI mahAtmAnoM ke kramika vikAsa ke sopAnapuruSa vargIya jainI mahAtmA jaina-dharma-granthoM ke parizolana se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina-dharma meM gRhastha vyakti virakta hokara brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karate haiN| jainadharmamatAvalambI gRhastha uparyukta gyAraha pratimAnoM meM se prathama chaH kA pAlana karate haiM; aura brahmacArI sAtavI, . pAThavauM pora navIM pratimAmoM kA pAlana karate haiM / 2 tatpazcAt vyakti ke vAnaprastha mAzrama meM jAne kA vidhAna hai| isa Azrama meM pahuMce hue vyakti ko hI kSullaka ki vA bhikSuka kahA jAtA hai| bhikSa kI upAdhi prApta karake puruSa dasavIM evaM gyArahavI pratimAnoM kA bhI pAlana karate haiN|' 1. sudarzanodaya, 656-66 2. 'paDatra gahiNo jJeyAstrayaH syubrahmacAriNaH / ' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1) yazastilakacampU, upAsakAdhvayana, 824 kA puurvaard| 3. 'utkRSTaH bhAvako yaH prakSullako'va suucitH|| sa cA'pavAdaliGgI ca vAmaprastho'pi nAmataH // ' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-2) dharmasaMgraha dhAvakAcAra, 6 / 276 4. 'bhikSuko do tu nirviSTI tataH syAtsarvato yatiH // ' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1) pastinakacampU, upAsakAdhyayana, 824 kA uttraa|

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mahAkavi zAmasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana kSullakAvasthA ke kucha lakSaNa evaM niyama bhI jaina-granthoM meM milate haiM, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM: mallakAvasthA meM muni ke samIpa khaNDavastra dhAraNa karake dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai aura tadanantara sadA muni ke samIpa hI rahatA hai| bhikSA kehI bhanna se apanI kSudhA zAnta karatA hai| dIkSA grahaNa karane ke tIna yA cAra mahIne gada isake kezakhaMcana kA vidhAna hai| isake lie komala zayyA ke niSeSa kA mAdeza hai| isako pAparahita kamaNDasu dhAraNa karanA cAhiye, anyapraratta alpamUlya vAlA kopIna evaM khaNDavastra rakhanA cAhie, bhikSA ke liye eka choTA sA pAtra rakhanA cAhie, bhikSAvRtti ke liye sAmAnya gati se calanA cAhiye, bhikSA zreSTha ghara se hI lenI cAhie, parantu usake liye anurodha nahIM karanA cAhiye / kSullaka ko kacce padArtha nahIM khAne paahie| bhojana ke svAda para bhI vicAra nahIM karanA caahie| chAMcha, dahI, mAMsa, rakta, carma, haDDo, madya ityAdi padArthoM kA sevana nahIM karanA cAhiye / kSullaka ko bhanna kharAba nahIM karanA cAhiye / bhojana ke bAda kullA karanA cAhiye, aura apanA pAtra ghokara guru ke samIpa calA jAnA cAhiye tathA unako praNAma karake unase zikSA grahaNa karanI cAhiye / ' . ina bhikSamoM ke kramazaH cAra utkRSTa rUpa haiM-(ka) sAdhu, (ba) yati, (ga) muni pora (gha) RSi / inameM se sAdhu sAmAnya rUpa hai, jisakA mAsmA tattva meM lIna hai, mana mAtmA meM lona hai, indriyoM mana meM lIna haiM, jo apaNaka zreNI meM prArUDa hai, aise bhikSu ko yati yA yogI kahate haiN| mAtmavidyA meM mAnya, pravapijJAnI, manaH 1. zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-2), praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 24122-68 2. bhikSako jinarUpadhAriNaste bahuSA bhavanti-anAgArA patayo munaya RSayazceti / -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1) caritrasAgarabhAvakAcAra, zloka 22 ke pUrva gv| 1. (ka) 'tattve pumAnmanaH puMsi manasyamakadambakam / yasya tUktaM sa bogI svAnna yogImAdurIhitaH // ' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1) yastilakacampUgata upAsakAdhyayana, 138 (a) 'yatayaH upazamakSapaNakaNyAstA bhnnynte|' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1) pariprasAra pAvakAcAra, iloka 202 ke pUrvakA gv|

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana paryaya jJAnI evaM kevalajJAnI puruSa muni kahalAte haiM tathA Rddhi prApta kleza samha ko rokane vAle puruSa RSi kahalAte haiN|' isa sthiti ke bAda purupa meM vItarAgatA paramasImA taka bar3hane lagatI hai| phalasvarUpa use parameSThI kahA jAtA hai / zreSThatA ke krama meM inake bhI pAMca bheda hote haiM :-mahanta parameSThI, siddhaparameSThI, prAcArya parameSThI, upAdhyAya parameSThI bora sAdhu prmesstthii| inameM mahanta parameSThI kI saMjJA use milatI hai, jo zArIrika vikAroM se rahita, jAtikarmoM ko naSTa karane vAlA, ananta jJAna, varzana, sukha mora boyaM se yukta ho| jisa puruSa ke jJAnAvaraNAdi pATha karma naSTa ho gaye hoM, jisake mandara samyaktvAdi pATha guNa hoM, jo lokAkAza ke Upara sthita, mAnandayukta, karmamala se rahita ho use siddha parameSThI kahate haiN| darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra, caritrAcAra bhora tapasyAcAra ina pAMca prAcAroM kA svayaM pAlana karane vAlA evaM ziSya varga ke 1. (ka) 'mAnyatvAdAtmavidyAnAM mahadbhiH kIrtyate muniH // ' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1), yazastilakacampU upAsanAdhyayana, 526 kA uttarArdha / (kha) 'munayo'vadhimAnaH paryayabhavajJAninazca kathyante / ' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1), caritrasAra bhAvakAcAra, noka 22 ke pUrva kA gadya / 2. (ka) 'reSaNAknezarAzInAmRSimAhumanISiNaH / ' -zrAvakArasaMgraha (bhAga-1) yazastilakacampU zrAvakAcAra, zloka 22 ke pUrva kA gadya / 3. 'parame'tyuttame sthAne tiSThanti parameSThinaH / te cAhaMsikha prAcAryaH pAThaka: saadhuraaspyaa| -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-2) dharmasaMgraha prAvakAcAra, 7 / 114 4. (ka) 'svabhAvazAnajAmayavihitA'tizayAnvitaH / prAtihAryaranantAdicatumkana yuto jinH| -bhAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1) dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, 717 (kha) janadharmAmRta, 2073.76 (ga) nemicandra muni, damyasaMgraha, 35. 5. (ka) zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-2) dharmasaMgraha bhAvakAcAra, 7116 (ba) janadharmAmRta, 277-79 (ga) nemicandra muni, vyasaMgraha, 2051

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana bhI karavAne vAlA, chattIsa guNoM kA dhAraka puruSa prAcArya parameSThI kahA jAtA hai|' samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra sahita dharmopadeza karane meM tatpara zAstrAbhyAsa karane vAle puruSa ko upAdhyAya parameSThI kI saMjJA prApta hotI hai| mora samyaktva kA sAdhana karane vAle, zAnta pravRttiyoM vAle puruSoM ko sAdhu parameSThI kahA jAtA hai| jaina dharmagranthoM meM parameSThI ko saMjJA prApta karane ke pUrva muni kI daMgambarI dIkSA kA vidhAna milatA hai / digambara mani x x x ko vastroM kA parityAga kara denA cAhie, zira ke kezoM kA laMcana kara denA cAhie, AbharaNoM ko chor3akara kevala piccI dhAraNa karanI cAhie, vana meM nivAsa karanA cAhie aura adhika bolane tapA sone kA bhI parityAga kara denA caahie|4 . jJAnasAgara ke kAjyoM meM prApta hone vAlI jana mahAtmAnoM ko zreNiyAM. jaina-dharma-pranyoM meM uparyakta vivecana ke prAdhAra para jaba hama apane pAlocyamahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI racanAmoM ko dekhate haiM to jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne bhI apane kAvyoM meM aneka prakAra ke rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahAM hama pratisaMkSipta rUpa meM unheM prastuta kara rahe haiM :digambara muni puruSa kI jana-dharma-sammata sthiti kA kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM para ullekha kiyA hai, jayodaya mora vIrodaya meM eka-eka bAra, sudarzanodaya aura zrIsamudra1. (ka) 'prAcArAcA guNA aSTo tapo dvAdazadhA daza / sthitikalpaH SAvazyamAcAryo'mIbhiranvitaH // ' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-2), dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, 7 / 117 (kha) janadharmAmRta, 2286-87 (ga) nemicandra muni, 252 2. (ka) ekAdazAGga satpUrvacaturdazazrutaM paThan / vyAkurvanpAThayannanyAnupAdhyAyo guNAgraNIH / / ' -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-2), dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, 7 / 110 (ba) janadharmAmRta, 2286-65 (ga) nemicandramuni, 3153 3. (ka) 'darzanazAnacAritratrikaM bhedetarAtmakam / pathAvatsApayansAdhurakAntapadamAdhitaH / / - -zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-2) dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, 119 (sa) banadharmAmRta, 2066-103 (1) nemicandramuni, 3354 4. bhAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-2) dharmasaMgraha bhAvakAcAra, 6 / 280-282

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana dattacaritra meM do-do bAra dayodaya-campU meM tIna bAra / ' digambara muni banane ke lie kavi ne bhI vastraparityAga, kezaluMcana, maunadhAraNa, sahiSNutA, ekAkiviharaNa, mayUrapiccha-kamaNDalu dhAraNa ityAdi niyamoM ke viSaya meM prerita kiyA hai| .. muni ___ sAdhu kI isa prAsthA kA kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM 7 bAra ullekha mAtra kiyA hai-jayodaya aura sudarzanodaya meM eka-eka bAra tathA zrIsamudradattacaritra meM pAMca bAra / RSi sAdhu ko isa avasthA kA varNana kevala sudarzanodaya meM, aura vaha bhI eka bAra, mAyA hai / sudarzanodaya meM varNita eka RSirAja ne hI seTha vRSabhadAsa ko dIkSA dekara upakRta kiyA hai| yogI zrI jJAnasAgara ne yogI puruSa kI vizeSatAmoM ko janadharma sammata hI batAyA hai| unake anusAra sukha kI prApti hetu icchAmoM kA niroSa karane vAle, catunikAya ke devagaNoM se supUjita, caJcala mana kA niyantraNa karane vAle, indriya nigraha meM tatpara bhora bAhya prADambara se rahita puruSa ko yogI kahA jAtA hai| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ne arhanta parameSThI ke ve guNa batAe haiM, vo jaina-darzanA 1. (ka) jayodaya, 28 / 66 (kha) vIrodaya, 10 / 24-26 (ga) sudarzanodaya, 4 / 14, 8 / 32 (Ga) dayodayacampU, 1 // zloka 22 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga, zloka 17 ke bAda kA gayabhAga, 7 zloka 38 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga / 2. (ka) vIrodaya, 10 // 24 // 37 (kha) dayodayacampU, zloka 38 ke pUrva kA gadya bhaag| 3. (5) jayodaya, 1177 (sa) sudarzanodaya, 2024-25 (ga) zrIsamudradattacaritra, 2027, 416, 17, 18, 5 // 30 4. sudarzanodaya, 411-14 5. 'icchAnirodhamevAtaH kurvanti ytinaaykaaH| pAdo yeSAM praNamanti devAzcaturiNakAyakAH // mArayitvA mano nityaM nigalantIndriyANi ca / bAhyATambarato'tItAste narA yogino matAH // ' -bahI, 6 / 42-43

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44 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana cAya ko mAnya haiM / munirAja sudarzana ne mokSa prApti ke pUrva prarhanta parameSThI - pada prApta kiyA hai / usa samaya deha meM unako jarA bhI mamattva na rahA, unake rAgAdi jAtiyA karma kramazaH naSTa ho gae / tatpazcAt vaha pUrNa nirmala zrAtmA vAle ho gaye / unakI mrAtmA meM sArA jagat pratibimbita hone lagA / guNoM se vibhUSita vaha sudarzana muni sarvavadeya ho ge|' strI vargIya jenI mahAtmA - prAyikA jaina darzana evaM dharma-granthoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki jana-dharma meM strI ko saMnyAsa - dazA kA yaha eka hI prakAra milatA hai| AryikA strI ko dIkSA lete samaya eka hI sAr3I dhAraNa karanI Avazyaka hotI hai, atyalpa parigraha dhAraNa karane bAlI prAyikA ko bhI kezalaMcana, kamaNDalu evaM picchIdhAraNa evaM zrAmaraNa tyAga karanA par3atA hai / zrI jJAnasAgara jI bhI striyoM ke utkarSa ke pakSapAtI haiN| unhoMne do bAra sudarzanodaya meM, eka-eka bAra zrIsamudradattacaritra aura dayodaya campU meM prAyikA vrata kI dIkSA kA ullekha kiyA hai / kavi ke anusAra strI ke lie sarvathA vastra tyAga kA vidhAna nahIM hai / para prArthikA banate samaya strI ko sAr3I ke atirikta praura 1. tyaktvA dehagatasnehamAtmanyekAntato rataH / babhUvAsya tato nAzamagU rAgAdayaH kramAt // niHzeSato male naSTe nemalyamadhigacchati / prAdarza eva tasyAtmanyakhilaM bimbitaM jagat // na dIpo guNaratnAnAM jagatAmekadIpakaH / stuto janatayAdhItaH sa niraJjanatAmadhAt // ' vahI, 684-86 2. "kopone'pi samUcchaMtvAnnArhatyAryo mahAvratam / api bhAktasamUcrchatvAt sATake'pyAyikA'rhati // X X X yadItsargikamanyadvA liGgamuktaM jinaiH striyAH / puMvattadiSyate mRtyukAle svalpIkRtoSadheH // ' - zrAvakAcArasaMgraha sAgaradharmAmRta, 836, 38 3. (ka) sudarzanodaya, 8 / 33-34, 6 74 (sa) zrIsamudradattacaritra, 4 / 16 (ga) vayodayacampU, 7 zloka 37 ke pUrva kA gadyabhAga /

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana sabhI parigrahoM ko chor3a denA cAhiye / ' jhullikA mAthikA ke pratirikta kavi ne kSullikA kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| yaha varNana jainadharma granthoM meM nahIM miltaa| kintu kSullikAvasthA ke viSaya meM kavi kA kathana hai : kSullikAvasthA meM strI ko kevala eka zveta sAr3I pora eka zveta uttarIyaye donoM vastra dhAraNa karane cAhieM, kamaNDalu mora pAlI ina do pAtroM se apanA nirvAha karanA cAhiye / kSullikA strI dayA, bhamA, santoSa satya ityAdi guNoM ko dhAraNa karatI hai| praSTamI pora caturdazI ko upavAsa karatI hai| jhullikA strI tInoM sandhyAmoM meM pUjana karatI hai. agnipakva dAla, bhAta, zAka, roTI ityAdi ko bhikSA ke rUpa meM gRhasthoM se grahaNa karatI hai| dina meM kevala eka bAra sAnA sAto bhora pAnI pItI hai / jinadeva kA smaraNa karate hue prANimAtra se maitrIbhAva rakhatI hai| jaina dharmAcAryoM ne zrAvakoM ke jo bAraha vrata batAye haiM, ve nimnalikhita rekhAcitra meM prastuta haiM : jainadharma ke bAraha vrata - - guNavata zikSAvrata praNuvrata | digbata guNavataH zikSAvrata dezavata anarthadhyAnadaNDavata / ahiMsAvata satyavrata prasteya vrata brahmacaryavrata aparigrahavrata sAmayika vrata proSadhopavAsa vrata bhogopabhogapariNAma atithi-saM vrata bimaan inameM se aNuvratoM ke viSaya meM to kavi ke vicAra isI adhyAya meM prastuta 1. (ka) sudarzanodaya, 8 / 33-34 (kha) dayodaya campU, zloka 38 ke pUrva kA gbbhaag| 2. sadarzanodaya, 4 / 31-36 3. jainadharmAmata, 415-1.7

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara ke kAvya -eka adhyayana kiye gaye haiM, zeSa sAta vratoM meM se do guNavatoM (digvata aura dezavata) ko chor3akara pAMca vratoM kA kavi ne apanI kRtiyoM meM jo ullekha kiyA hai usakA varNana tattad vratoM ke paricaya ke sAtha aba yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| (ka) anarthadaNDavata prakAraNa kiye jAne vAle pApajanaka kAryoM ko anarthadaNDa kahA jAtA hai, jaise pAkheTa-gamana, yuddha, parastrIgamana, corI kA vicAra karanA, vicA-vyApAra. lekhanakalA-khetI-sevA pora kArIgarI se bharaNa-poSaNa karane vAloM ko pApopadeza denA, bhakAraNa hI pRthvI khodanA, vRkSa ukhAr3anA, harI durvA para calanA, pAnI naSTa karanA, tathA phala-phUloM kA saMgraha karanA, churI ityAdi hiMsA ke upakaraNa banAnA paura becanA, durI bAtoM ko sunanA mora sunAnA, dUsaroM ko prajJAnabharI bAtoM ko zikSA denA, bata-kror3A, saTTebAjI prAdi-prAdi / ina saba manarthadaNDoM kA parityAga hI jainadharma meM 'panadaNDavata' kahalAtA hai| isa vrata ko dhAraNa karane vAlA puruSa pahisAvrata kA saccA dhAraka hotA hai / 2 / / zrI jJAnasAgara ko jainadharma-sammata isa vrata para pUrI-pUrI AsthA hai| isIlie to unhoMne 'jayodaya' mahAkAvya ke nAyaka jayakumAra ko gRhastha dharma evaM rAjanIti kI zikSA dene vAle muni ke dvArA anarthadaNDoM kA parityAga karane ke lie upadeza dilavAyA hai| isI prakAra dayodayacampU' ke nAyaka magasena dhobara ke hRdaya meM pAkheTa-gamana ke prati virakti jAgarita karAkara unhoMne ukta vrata ke prati na kevala apanI prAsthA hI prakaTa kI haiM, apitu samAja ke anya sabhI vyaktiyoM ko ukta vrata pAlana kI preraNA bhI dI hai| (kha) sAmayika zikSA-vrata - rAga pora dveSa kA tyAga karake samasta dravyoM meM sAmyabhAva kA Alambana karake rahasya prApti ke mUla kAraNa bhagavad guNoM kA smaraNa karanA hI sAmayika zikSA vrata hai / ise rAtri paura dina ke anta meM avazya hI karanA caahie| isake atirikta samaya meM bhI karane meM aura bhI adhika pracchAI saMbhava hai| zrIjJAnasAgara bhI jainiyoM ke isa vata ke pakSapAtI haiN| unhoMne isa vrata ko tInoM sandhyAmoM meM karane kA upadeza diyA hai : 1. kavi ko dhArmika vicAradhArA, pR0 saM0 469-470 2. jainadharmAmRta, 4166-62 3. yodaya, 2012-137 4. dayodayabampa, zazloka 22 se samba paryanta evaM dviyIya lmb| 5. jainadharmAmRta, 4163-64

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana "madhye dina prAtarivAtha sAyaM yAvaccharIraM tanumAnamAyAm / smaredivAnI paramAtmanastu sadaiva yanmaGgalakArivastu // "" . (ma) proSadhopAsa vrata jaiva-dharmAcAryoM ne isa vrata ko sAmayika-zikSAvata ke sthAyitva ke lie prAvazyaka mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki pratyeka kAla ke donoM pakSoM ke paddhabhAga meM proSadhopavAsa avazya karanA caahie| proSadhopavAsa karane ke dina se pahale ke dina dopahara se hI upavAsa kara lenA caahie| isa samaya puruSa ko rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara ekAnta sevana karanA caahie| vahAM dharma kA cintana karate hue dina bitAnA caahiye| tatpazcAt sandhyAkAlIna kriyAmoM ko karake pavitra vistara para svAdhyAya karate hue nidrA rahita ho rAtri ko bitAnA caahiye| zrIzAnabAgara ke anusAra mahIne kI aSTamI mora caturdazI tithi ko solaha prahara kA upavAsa prArambha garu ke samIpa karanA cAhie mora samApti para atithi ko bhojana karAkara hI svayaM bhojana karanA cAhiye / (ga) mogopanoga pariNAma zikSA vrata sama aura mAsakti ko haTAne ke lie indriya ke viSayoM ko matIva parimita saMkhyA meM jamA ho bhogopabhogapariNAma' nAmaka zikSAvrata hai / zarIra ko bahuta mAga . va pahacAne gale tathA mAvara jIvoM ko hiMsA ke hetubhUta jimIkanda, mUlI, bhadaraka, makkhana ityAdi anupasevya pAryoM kA parityAga kara denA caahie| hama dekhate hai ki zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne puruSa ko bhogopabhoSa ke pAnI prati tyAga kA upadeza kiyA hai : "bhogopabhogato vAMchA bhavet pratyuta dAruNA / vahniH kiM zAntimAyAti mipyamANena dAruNA? // tataH hu~ryAnmahAbhAga icchAyA vinivattaye / sadA''nandopasampattya tyAgasyevAvalambanam // 5 (Ga) prativi-saMbimAmazikSAta vaidika sAhitya meM mAnava mAtra ko pratiSi-vatsalatA kI zikSA dete hue 'pratiSidevo bhava' jaise vAkya prastuta kiye gae haiN| jaina dharmAcAryoM ne bhI pratiSi ko sevA ko 'vrata' kA nAma diyA hai| unake anusAra dAtA zrAvaka jaba digambaravaMzadhAraka sAdhu ko navaSAbhaktisahita mAhArAdi dravya-vizeSa kA dAna karatA 1. sudarzanodaya, 61 2. jainadharmAmRta, 4166-1.2 3. sudarzanodaya, 9 evaM mAge kA gIta / 4. jainadharmAmRta, 41103-1.5 . 5. sudarzanodaya, 1 / 40.41

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418 mahAkavi zAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana hai, taba usako isa kriyA ko 'pratiSi-saMvibhAga' nAmaka zikSAvrata kahA jAtA haiN|' . zrIjJAnasAgara bhI isa 'atithisaMvibhAga vrata' ko mahattva dete haiN| unakI kRti 'dayodayacampU' ke pAtra somadatta evaM viSA ghara Aye hue digambara sAdhu ko abhivAdanapUrvaka bulAte haiM / unako pradakSiNA karake unheM uccAsana para biThAte haiM, unake caraNa dhokara unakI pUjA karate haiM pora harSita hokara unheM nirdoSa bhojana samarpita karate haiN| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko dRSTi meM jana-dharma kA jJAnapaMcaka --- . jaina dharma meM samyagjJAna ke pAMca bheda mAne gaye haiM- matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryAyajJAna evaM kevala jJAna / kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM prArambhika do jJAnoM (mati jJAna evaM zrutajJAna) ko chor3akara zeSa tInoM (avadhijJAna, manaHparyAyajJAna evaM kevalajJAna) kI carcA kI hai| yahA~ pratisaMkSepa meM una tIno hI jJAnoM kA paricaya evaM munizrI ke kAvyoM meM prApta unako carcA kA kramika ullekha : prastuta hai| pravadhijJAna-- jana-dharma-granthoM ke anusAra vAhya kAraNoM ke prati nirapekSa, samyaka-darzana pAdi guNoM se utpanna bhaya evaM upazama kA kAraNa tathA bhautika viSayoM ko maryAdita karane vAlA jJAna hI pravadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| ___ isa jJAna kA ullekha kavi ne apane eka kAvya vIrodaya meM eka sthAna para 1. jainadharmAmRta, 4 / 107 2. dayodayacampU, zloka 17 aura zloka 21 ke bIca kA gadya bhaag|| 3. (ka) 'tajjJAnaM paJcaviSaM matizrutAvadhimanaHparyAya kevalabhedena / ' -mAdhavAcArya, sarvadarzanasaMgraha, mAhaMtadarzana, kArikA 16 ke bAda kA gadyabhAga / . .. .. . (kha) matizrutAvadhijJAnaM manaHparyAyakevalam / . .. , .. tadityaM sAnvayaH paJcadheti prakalpitam / / -jainadharmAmata, 3 / 3 / / 4. (ka) 'samyagdarzanAdiguNanitamayopazamanimittamavacchinnaviSayaM mAnamavaSiH / ' -mASavAcArya, sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pAhaMtadarzana, kArikA 16 ke bAda kA gnymaan| (sa) devanArakayo yastvavadhimaMksambhavaH / SaTvikalpazca zeSANAM kSayopazamalakSaNaH // -dharmAmRta, 3 // 6

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana 416 kiyA hai, jahA~ isa jJAna kI sahAyatA se ho bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane pUrvajanmoM ke vRttAntoM ko jAnA thaa|' manaHparyAyajJAna . isa jJAna ke viSaya meM jaina dharmAcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki jaba vyakti ke mana se IrSyA, jJAnAvaraNa ityAdi haTa jAte haiM aura usakA mana nirmala ho jAtA hai, taba vyakti dUsare ke mana kI bAta ko prAsAnI se jAna jAtA hai| vyakti kI isI sthiti kA nAma mana: paryAya jJAna hai| kintu zrIjJAnasAgara ke anusAra daMgamarI dIkSA lene ke bAda mahApuruSoM ke mana meM manaHparyAya zAna kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / kavi ne isa jJAna ko mAnasika andhakAra kA saMhAraka kahAM hai| jayakumAra evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mana meM daMgambarI dIkSA lene ke bAda isI mAna kA prAdurbhAva huprA thaa| kevala jJAna ___ karmarUpI mala ke naSTa ho jAne para mahApuruSoM ko kevala mAna hotA hai / samasta dravyoM ke pAsa paryAyoM ko jAnane vAlA, sampUrNa vizva kA avalokana karane ke lie netra ke samAna, ananta, eka mora pratIndriya jJAna kevala jJAna kahA jAtA hai| kavivara jJAnasAgara ne kevala jJAnI ke svarUpa kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai :-kevala jJAna prApta karane vAle kI dRSTi ninimeSa ho jAtI hai, usake cAra mukha rASTigocara hone lagate haiM, zarIra kI chAyA nahIM par3atI, usake prabhAva se pRthvI harIbharI ho jAtI hai, usakA zarIra pRthvItala kA sparza nahIM karatA, nasa pora keza nahIM 1. vIrodaya, 111 2. (ka) InitarAyajJAnAvaraNakSayopazame sati paramanogatasyArcasva sphaTa paricchedakaM jJAnaM manaHparyAyaH / ' -sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pArhata darzana, kArikA ke bAda ke gaNamAna se / (kha) 'Rvipula ityevaM syAmmana:paryAyo viSA / vizudadhAtipAtAbhyAM tavizeSo'vagamyatAm // -nayamita, 27 3. (ka) ayodaya, 28 / 12 (ba) vIrodaya, 127 4. (ka) 'tarakriyAvizeSAmyayaM sevante tapasvinaH tajJAnamabahAnAvRSTaM - -sarvadarzanasaMgraha, mAItadarzana, kArikA 16 ke bAda ke gvmaanse| (kha) azeSAparvAvaviSavaM vizvalocanam / anantakamatva vasanIti puSaH // ' -janavarmAmRta, za6 .

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420 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAma-- eka adhyayana bar3hate, bhojana kA sarvathA tyAga ho jAtA hai, sarvajJatA pA jAtI hai aura usake prabhAva se samasta vAtAvaraNa prAnandamaya ho jAtA hai|' kavi jJAnasAgara kI dRSTi meM Izvara - sanAtana dharmAvalambI naiyAyika loga Izvara ko puruSa kA bhAgyavidhAtA mAnate haiN| kintu jaina dharmAvalambI jana Izvara ke viSaya meM kucha dUsarI ho mAnyatA rakhate haiM / ve Izvara kA kartA honA svIkAra nahIM karate, koMki yadi Izvara ko kartA mAnA jAya, to manuSya ke lie koI kArya zeSa hI nahIM rahemA / . zrIjJAnasAgara bhI Izvara ko patA nahIM maante| unakA mata hai ki saMsAra meM . hone vAle parivartana kAla nAmaka dravya kI sahAyatA kI apekSA rakhate haiM, IzvarakRta niyamana kI nhiiN| isI prakAra koI bhI vastu na to utpanna hotI hai aura na na hotI hai, usameM kevala parivartana hotA hai| cUMki pratyeka vastu meM vastunva na!makA eka dharma hotA hai prataH vaha apanA kArya karatI hai| bIja se vakSa kI ora vRkSa se vIz2a kI utpatti svata: hotI hai / prataH vastu ke utpanna hone yA nA hone meM zrI Izvara ko kAraNa mAnanA vyartha hai ! yadi Izvara kA ina padAryoM ke pariNamana meM prabhAva par3atA to vastu ke svAbhAvika dharma vyartha ho jAte / ataH spaSTa hai ki Izvara saMsAra kA niyantA nahIM hai| zrImAnasAgara kI dRSTi meM karmakANDa-.. zrAdatarpaNa ityAdi karmakANDIya kriyAyoM kA jainadharma meM koI sthAna nahIM hai / 1. vIrodaya, 12 / 40-51 2. (ka) taduktaM vItarAgastutI 'kartAsti kazcicjagata: sa cakaH, sa. savaMgaH, sa svavazaH sa nityaH / imAH kuhevAkaviDambanAH syusteSAM na yeSAmanuzAsakastvam // (vI0 stu. 6) iti / anyatrApi'kartA na tAvadiha ko'pi yathecchavA vA dRSTo'nya thA kaTakRtAvapi tatprasaGgaH / kArya kimatra bhavatApi ca takSakAbarAhatya ca tribhuvanaM puruSa: karoti / / iti / -zrImanmAdhavAcArya, sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pAhatavana, pR. saM0 133-134 (kha) zrAvakAcArasaMgraha (bhAga-1) amitagatikRta, zrAvakAcAra, 4177-100 'na ko'pi loke balavAn vibhAti samAsti kA samayasya jAtiH / ... yataH sahAyAdbhavatAdabhUtaH paro na kazcidbhuvi kAryadUtaH // ' -vIrodaya, 18 / 2 4. vIrodaya, 16 / 38.44

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mahAkavi -jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana 421 muni zrIjJAnasAgara ina vidhiyoM kA na to ghamaM, prathaM evaM kAma kI prApti meM upayoga mAnate haiM aura na mokSa kI prApti meN| vyakti kI inameM pravRtti honA to bilkula mUrkhatA hai / " zrIjJAnasAgara kI dRSTi meM jaMna dharma kI upayogitA jainadharma para ruci nahIM prAsthA hai / dikhAI hai / kahanA na hogA ki kavi zrIjJAnasAgara kI kevala unhoMne kahIM bhI sanAtana dharma yA bauddha dharma ke prati prapanI isakA eka kAraNa to yaha hai ki yaha prAsthA unheM saMskAra meM milI thI, kintu isakA dUsarA vizeSa kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki vAstava meM yaha dharma granya dharmoM kI apekSA mAnavamAtra ke lie upayogI hai| isakI upayogitA ke praneka pramANa kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM prastuta kie haiN| yaha sindigdha hai ki isa dharma kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA satya, hiMsA, brahmacarya, prasteya aura aparigraha nAmaka paMca mahAvrata haiM / vaise to ina pAMcoM vratoM kI mahimA sabhI dharmoM meM mAnya hai, kintu jaina dharma meM inakA kaThoratA se pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / isa dharma ke anusAra satya mahAvrata kA pAlana isalie prAvazyaka hai ki puruSa vANI se pavitra ho / asatya vacana bolakara dUsaroM ko Thagane vAlA vyakti bheda khulane para satyaghoSa brAhmaNa kI taraha avazya hI duHkhada pariNAma bhogane ko bAdhya ho jAtA hai / hiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana hameM prANimAtra ke prati dayA kI zikSA detA hai / kyoMki pratyeka prANimAtra ko coTa lagane para kaSTa kI anubhUti hotI hai| hisA karane vAle ko yaha socanA cAhie ki maiM jinakI hiMsA kara rahA hU~, unheM jo kaSTa ho rahA hai, kadAcit koI mujhe mAre to mujhe bhI vaisA hI kaSTa sahana karanA par3egA / brahmacarya mahAvrata kA pAlana hameM kAmukatA se haTane kI zikSA detA hai / isa mahAvrata kA pAlana karane se nissandeha ho puruSa kA jovana maryAdita ho jAtA hai | phalasvarUpa vaha apanA jIvana lokakalyANa meM lagA sakatA hai / prasteya mahAvrata kA pAlana hameM karmaThatA sikhAtA hai| corI karane vAlA vyakti niSkriya hokara corI se lAye padArthoM para nirbhara ho jAtA hai, jabaki prasteya mahAvrata kA pAlana karane vAlA vyakti zrAjIvikopArjana ke liye kucha na kucha kArya pravazya karatA hai / parigraha mahAvrata kA pAlana puruSa meM nirbhIkatA kA guNa utpanna kara detA hai / isa mahAvrata kA pAlana hameM sikhAtA hai ki saMsAra meM koI bhI padArtha prapanA nahIM hai, yahA~ taka ki zarIra bhI nahIM, ataH kisI vastu para mamatA nahIM rakhanI cAhie / 1. (ka) jayodaya, 288 (kha) vIrodaya, 15 / 61 2. zrIsamudradattacaritra, 4/5

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422 .. . mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana uparyasta mahA toM kA pAlana karane ke phalasvarUpa hI vyakti meM satyavAditA, dayA, sadAcAra, karmaThatA aura nirlobhatA jaise spRhaNIya guNa prA jAte haiN| jana-dharma meM brahmacarya ta ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM seTha sudarzana meM yaha guNa pracura rUpa se dRSTigocara hotA hai|' itanA hI nahIM kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ne ina donoM mahApuruSoM ke mAdhyama se paropakAraparAyaNatA aura sahiSNutA jaise adbhuta guNoM kI bhI zikSA dI hai| jana-dharma kevala vAnaprasthiyoM ke lie hI nahIM, apitu gRhasthoM ke lie bhI upayogI hai / gRhasthoM ko sadAcaraNa, prAhAra-vihAra, atithipUjana, devapUjana, prAtmakalyANa mAdi apekSita guNoM kI zikSA dene meM yaha dharma pUrNatayA samartha hai / yaha dharma vyakti ko andhavizvAsa se bhI dUra rahane kI zikSA detA hai|' ___isa prakAra apane kAvya ke pAtroM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne isa dharma kI upayogitA ko siddha karane meM vilakSaNa saphalatA prApta kI hai| prakArAntara se isa tathya kA varNana isa zodha-prabandha meM bhI manyatra ho cukA hai, ataH punarAvRtti ke bhaya se yahA~ isakA vistRta varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kavi ko dArzanika vicAradhArA jaina dharma ke samAna hI kavi ko jana-darzana para bhI pUrI-pUrI mAsthA hai| unhoMne apane kAvyoM meM sAhitya kI gaGgA ke sAtha darzana kI yamunA kA bhI adbhuta samanvaya kiyA hai| yahAM unake dvArA prastuta jaina-darzana se sambandhita tattvoM kA vivecana prastuta haisyAdavAva siddhAnta yaha jaina-darzana kA vastu ke yathArthasvarUpa ko jAnane meM sahAyaka parama prasiddha siddhAnta hai / sabhI jaina-dArzanikoM ne isakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / / zrI jJAnasAgara kI bhI isa siddhAnta ke prati ruci hai / unake anusAra pratyeka vastu meM prakriyAkAritA hoto hai / prataH nirarthaka vastu kA prabhAva mAnanA caahie| 1. (ka) vIrodaya, 8 / 23.43 (kha) sudarzanodaya, 5216, 7 / 26, 6 / 26 2. (ka) vIrokya, 18 / 33-36 (sa) sudarzanodaya, 4140-45 (ga) dayodayacampU, 718 3. (ka) ayodaya, 27;65-66 (kha) vIrodaya, 15vA srg| (ga) sudarzanodaya, 4114, 47 (gha) zrIsamudradattacaritra, maSTama sarga / (Ga) dayodayasampU, lamba 1222-24; lamba 7valoka 37 pora 38 ke bIca kA gdybhaag| 4. zrImanmASavAcArya, sarvadarzanasaMgraha, mAhata-darzana, pR0 saM0 166-176

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana 413 pratyeka vastu pUrvarUpa ko chor3atI huI navIna rUpa ko dhAraNa karatI hai, kintu vaha apane mUlasvarUpa ko nahIM chodd'tii| ataH pratyeka vastu utpAda vyaya-dhaumya - ina tIna rUpoM ko dhAraNa karatI hai / " " eka hI vastu kisI ke lie prapekSita mora kisI ke lie anapekSita hotI hai / ataH vastu meM sat aura asat donoM guNa pAye jAte haiM / ina do guNoM kI vivakSA eka hI vyakti nahIM kara sktaa| isalie prasti nAsti ke pratikti vastu meM pravaktavya nAmaka tIsarA guNa bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra (ka) prasti, (kha) nAsti, (ga) avaktavya, (gha) prasti nAsti, (Ga) prasti - pravaktavya, (ca) nAstitathya ke bheda se vastu ke eka saMyogI, dvisaMyogI, aura trisaMyogI kathana karane se sAta dharma siddha ho jAte haiN| jaina darzana meM inako ho saptabhaGga kahA jAtA hai / pratyeka bhaGga ke pUrva meM 'syAt' pada jor3A jAtA hai, jaba vyakti 'syAdasti' kahatA hai taba anya chaH dharmo kA sthAna gorA ho jAtA hai aura jaba vyakti 'syAdnAsti' kahatA hai, taba 'syAdasti' Adi anya chaH dharmo kI prapradhAnatA ho jAtI hai / ata: vivakSApUrvaka vastu ke dharmoM kA kathana hI syAdvAda ( anekAntavAda mora apekSAvAda) kahalAtA hai / isakI sahAyatA se hama vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAna sakate haiM / " 1 dravya svarUpa evaM bheda jana-darzanAnusAra zrI jJAnasAgara kA kahanA hai ki vastu meM sthita dhruva nAmaka vizeSatA ko guraNa kahA jAtA hai, aura utpAda tathA vyaya nAmaka vizeSatAnoM ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai| guraNa evaM paryAya se yukta vastu kA nAma hI dravya hai / 3 jainadarzana granthoM aura jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM ke parizIlana se jJAta hotA haiM ki kavi ne dravya ke bheda ina granthoM ke AdhAra para hI kie haiN| unake anusAra draSyoM ke do prakAra haiM - sacetana aura pracetana / cetana dravya hI svayaM bhoktA, svatantra evaM mahattvapUrNa padArtha haiM / cetana dravya yA jIva ke cAra prakAra haiM- deva, nArakI, manuSya mora tiyaMJca / inameM se deva, nArakI aura manuSya ina tIna jIvoM ko cara yA trasa jIva kahA jAtA hai / tiryaJca jIvoM kI cara evaM pracara (sthAvara ) ke bheda se do aff haiN| cara jIva unheM kahate haiM, jinakI eka se adhika jJAnendriyA~ hotI haiM 1. vIrodaya, 16 / 1-3 2. (ka) vIrodaya, bue|4- 17 3. ( ka ) 'samutpAdavyayaghrovyalakSaNaM kSIraNakalmaSAH / guNadravyaM vadanti jinapuGgavAH / / - jaina dharmAmRta, 814 (kha) 'dhruvAMzamAkhyAnti guNena nAmnA paryeti yo'nyadudvitayokta dhAmA / dravyaM tadetad guNaparyayAbhyAM yadvA'tra sAmAnyavizeSatAbhyAm // ' - bIrodaya, 16 / 18

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424 . mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana pora pracara jIva unheM kahate haiM, jinakI eka se adhika jJAnendriyAM hotI haiM, jinakI kevala sparza ndriya hotI haiM / isa prakAra se tiyaMJca jIvoM ke bheda cAra cara aura pAMca acara ke bheda se nau prakAra hote haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM-dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturiniya mora paMcendriya-ye cAra cara haiM, pathvIkAyika jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika mora vanaspatikAyika ye pAMca ekendriya mora macara (sthAvara) haiN| acetana dravya ke bhI pAMca prakAra haiM :-pudgala, dharma, adharma, mAkAza aura bAla / pudagala vya mUrta hotA hai, zeSa cAra pramUtaM haiN| jIva aura pudgala dravyoM ke gamana kA kAraNa dharma dravya hai / pora pudgala ko Thaharane meM sahAyaka kAraNa adharma-dravya hai| samasta dravyoM ko apane bhItara avakAvA dene vAlA dravya prAkAza dravya hai / dravyoM ke parivartana meM nimitta kAraNa ko kAladamya kahate haiN|' dravyoM ke bheda prabheda se sambandhita rekhAcitra prastuta hai :-- dravya pracetana ___ pracara pudgala dharma adharma prAkAza kAla (kevala tiryaJca meM) / ekendriya (sparzendriya) . deva nArakI manuSya tiryaJca dIndriya trIndriya caturindriya paJcendriya (sparza,ra0) (+prANa), (cakSu), (+karNa) (kaMcumA) (na) (makSikA) (gAya, baila) pathyokAyika | agnikA. / vanaspati yika | kAyika jalakAyika vAyukAyika 1. (ka) zrAvakAcArasaGgraha (bhAga-1), yazastilakabampU upAsakAdhyayana, 108-110 (ba) zrAvakAcArasagraha (bhAga-1), amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 31-33 (ga) bAvakAcArasaGgraha (bhAga-2), praznottara zrAvakAcAra, 2 / 16-30

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana 425 dhyAna-- jaina darzanAcAryoM ne dhyAna ko mAbhyantara tapa kA eka prakAra batAte hue usake cAra bheda kiye haiM :- mAta, rodra, dhamyaM evaM zukla / ' hamAre kavi kA yahI mata hai| unake anusAra prAtmA ke upabhoga meM ekAgratA kA pAnA hI dhyAna kahalAtA hai / dhyAna ke mAta, rodra, dhayaM paura zukla ye cAra bheTa haiM / kiGkartavyavimar3hatA rUpa zokAtustA kA nAma mArta-dhyAna hai / hiMsaka kAryoM ke prati pravatti ko rodra dhyAna kahate haiN| zarIra mora mAtmA ko bhinna-bhinna samajhate hue dhArmika kAryoM meM pravRtti ko hI dharmya dhyAna kahate haiM, praba jaba isI dhyAna meM dhyAtA, dhyAna aura dhyeya kA bheda samApta ho jAtA hai, to isa (dhamyaM dhyAna) ko hI zukla dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| __ jaina-dharma meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, prAyu, nAma, gotra evaM antarAya-ye pATha karma batAye gae haiN| . . zrIjJAnasAgara ne bhI ina pAThakoM ko mAnate hue batAyA hai kizAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, antarAya aura mohanIya-ye cAra 'pAtiyA' karma haiM / prAtmA ko zAna darzana evaM zakti kA upayoga karane meM bAdhaka paura bhulAve meM DAlane vAle karmoM ko jana-darzana meM 'pAtiyA' karma kahate haiN| 'maghAtiyA' karma sIdhe-sIdhe prAtmA ke guNoM ko hAni nahIM phuNcaate| ye kramazaH prAtmA meM U~ca-nIca kA bheda, macchI-pUrI cIjoM se samparka, zarIra aura usake maGgopAGgAdi banAne meM sahAyaka mora pAtmA ko zarIra meM rokane ityAdi kA kArya karate haiN| prataH ghAtiyA karma prAtmA ke manujIvi guNoM kA pora adhAtiyA karma pratijIvi guNoM kA kSaya karate haiN|' (gha) jaina-dharmAmRta, 8 / 1-24 (Ga) nemicandra muni, dravya-saMgraha, 1112, 2015, 17-16, 21 (ca) vIrodaya, 16 / 24-38 _ 'svAdhyAyaH zoSanaM caiva vayAvRttyaM tava ca / vyutsargo vinayazcaiva dhyAnamAbhyantaraM tapaH // xxx pAtaM raudraM ca dharma ca zuklaM ceti caturvidham / dhyAnamuktaM paraM tatra tapo'GgamubhayaM bhavet // ' .. -janadharmAmRta, 12 / 14, 22 2. zrIsa mudattacaritra, 8 / 34.40 3. 'jJAna-darzanayo ropI vedyaM mohAyuSI tyaa| nAmagotrAntarAyo ca mUlaprakRtayA smRtAH // ' -janadharmAmRta, 112 4. zrIsamudradattacaritra, kA..

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana inhIM karmoM ke phalasvarUpa jIva kA saMsAra meM bandhana ho jAtA hai / vaha prapame zarIra ko hI prAtmA mAna letA hai / ina karmoM kA paripAka bhI udaya, udIraNA, udayAbhAvakSaya tathA prayatna ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai| inameM samayAnusAra karma - phala kA milanA udaya hai, balapUrvaka karmaphala pAnA udIraNA hai, karmodaya ke anusAra usakA phala bhoganA udabhAbhAvakSaya hai, mora taTastha rahate hue dhIre-dhIre kaSAyoM se rahita honA prayatna hai / " 426 jaba vyakti kSapaNaka zreNI meM car3hatA hai to usake prathama cAroM ghAtiyA karma maSTa ho jAte haiM, aura kevala jJAna prApta karane para to vyakti ke zeSa cAroM karma bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| guNasthAna nadarzanAnusAra prAramA ke guNoM kI kramika vikAsa kI sthiti ko guraNasthAna kahate haiM / ye mithyAdRSTi, ityAdi nAmoM se caudaha prakAra ke hote haiM / 3 kavi ne batAyA hai ki kSapaNaka zreNI meM car3hate samaya prAThavA~ guNasthAna hotA haiM / * jainadharma ke anusAra pAThave guNasthAna ko 'prapUrvaka raNasaMyata' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / vibhinna kSaraNavartI jIvoM ke pariNAma kA prapUrva honA, eka samayavatoM jIvoM ke pariNAma sadA dhIra viza honA prapUrvakaraNa hai / ye prapUrvakaraNa pariNAma kisI karma kA upazamana to nahIM karate, kintu ghAtiyA karma ko naSTa karane kI bhUmikA bAMdha dete haiN| prataH vizuddhi vRddhiGgata hone lagatI hai / " prAramA zrI jJAnasAgara ne batAyA ki prAtmA ke tIna bheda hote hU~, bahirAtmA, prantarAtmA prora paramAtmA / zarIra ko hI apano AtmA samajhane vAlA vyakti 'bahirAtmA' hai, caitanya ko mAtmA mAnane vAlA vyakti 'antarAtmA' hai, aura deha se pRthaka hokara niSkalaGka tathA saccidAnanda svarUpa paramAtma tatva meM lIna rahane vAlA 1. vahI, 11-18 2. 'sudarzanodaya 6 / 84-86 3. 'mithyAka sAsano mizro'saMyato dezasaMyataH / pramatta itaro'pUrvAnivRttikaraNoM tathA // sUkSmopazAntasaMkSINakaSAyA yogyayogino / guNasthAnavikalpAH syuriti sarve caturdaza / / ' - jainadharmAmRta, 6 / 1-2 evaM inake pUrva kI prastAvanA / 4. vIrodaya, 1238 5. 'apUrva: karaNo yeSAM bhinnaM kSaraNamupeyuSAm / prabhinnaM so'nyo vA te'pUrvakaraNAH smRtAH / kSapayanti na te karma zamayanti na kiJcana / kevala mohanIyasya zamana-kSapaNe ratAH // - jaina dharmAmRta, 11 / 3

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara kA jIvana-varzana vyakti 'paramAtmA' hI hai| gupti prAya: sAdhu mana, vacana aura kAya kI rakSA karate haiN| yahA~ rakSA zabda kA prAzaya saMyama lenA cAhie / sAdhuSoM kI isa avasthA ko jainadharmAvalambiyoM ne manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti mAnA hai| hamAre kavi ne bhI isI bAta ko svIkAra kiyA hai / unake anusAra pratyadhika prAvazyakatA hone para hI mana, bacana mora kAya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| samiti jana-darzana meM digambara jaimI sAdhunoM ke lie paJca samitiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai-IryA samiti, bhASA samiti, eSaNA samiti, mAdAnanikSepaNa samiti mora utsarga samiti / kavi ne bhI ina samitiyoM para apanI bhAsthA prakaTa kI hai| unake anusAra sAvadhAnIpUrvaka ceSTA kA nAma hI samiti hai| kavi ne inakA varNana bhI jaina-dharmAnusAra hI kiyA hai| dina meM prAsuk mArga meM cAra hAtha kI bhUmi ko zuddha karate hue kAryavaza gamana hI IryA samiti rUpa gati hai| bheda, cugalI, kaThoratA, parihAsa prAdi se rahita, hita se yukta asandigdha bhASA, bhASA samiti kahalAtI hai| prAhAra sambandhI chiyAlIsa doSoM se rahita annAdi kA svAdhyAya pora dhyAnasiddhi ke lie grahaNa karanA eSaNA samiti hai| jJAna ke 1. sudazanAdaya, 6 / 72 2. (ka) 'yogAnAM nigrahaH samyagguptirityabhidhIyate / manoguptivaMcoguptiH kAyaguptizca sA tridhA / ' -jainadharmAmRta, 113 (kha) 'manovacaHkAyavinigraho hi syAtsarvato'muSya yto'stymohii| teSAM prayogastu paropakAre sa cApavAdo madamatsarAreH / / ' -bIrodaya, 18 / 27 (ga) asamAnaguNo'nyeSAM samitiSvapi ttprH| guptimepo'nujagrAhAguptarUpadharo'pi san // -zrIsamudradattacaritra, 21 (gha) 'bhavasaramupetya bacoguptimatItpa bhASAsamitimavalamvitavAn / ' -yodayacampU, lamba 7 zloka 28 ke pUrva kA gadyAMza / 3. (ka) 'iiryaabhaassessnnaadaannikssepotsrgbhedtH| tannimittAsravabhAvAtsadyo bhavati baraH // ' -jainadharmAmRta, 11 // 5 / 'prasamAnaguNo'nyeSAM samitiSvapi ttprH|' -zrI samudradattacaritra, 6 / 11 kA puurvaadh| .. borogya, 1827

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426 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana upakaraNa poI saMyama ke upakaraNoM kA yatnapUrvaka uThAnA mora rakhanA prAdAnanikSepaNa samiti hai / dUravartI, gUDha, vizAla, bAdhArahita, zuddha pRthvItala para malasUtra kA visarjana hI utsarga samiti hai| ina samitiyoM kA upayoga karane se puruSa ahiMsA, brahmacaryAdi vratoM kI rakSA karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai / ' upayoga jaina dharmAnusAra kavi ne 'upayoga' ke cAra prakAra batAye haiN| zarIra ko hI saba kucha samajha lenA prazubhopayoga hai / zarIra se prAtmA ko bhinna mAnakara vivekapUrNa vicAra karanA zubhopayoga hai| zarIra ko prAtmA se bhinna karane meM ceSTA karane ke vicAra ko zuddhopayoga kahate haiN| eka sAtha saba padArthoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa karamA hI paramopayoga hai / paramopayoga kI sthiti taka prAte prAte vyakti 'paramAtmA' kI saMjJA ko prApta kara letA hai | 3 yoga mana, vacana aura kAya kI prAtmA ke prati ceSTA kA nAma yoga hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra kavi ne isako do prakAra kA mAnA hai-zubha yoga mora prazubha yoga / apane zarIra mora indriyoM ko puSTa banAne ke lie kI jAne vAlI ceSTA kA nAma zubhayoga hai| prapane sAtha mauroM ke kalyANa ke lie saceSTa honA zubhayoga hai / prataH hiMsA, nirdayatA, duSTatA se pUrNa kArya 'prazubhayoga' prora ahiMsA, dayA praura paropakAra se pUrNa kArya 'zubhayoga' kI zreNI meM prAte haiM / dharma-prathamaM evaM puruSa kA kartavya - zrIjJAnasAgara ke anusAra jIva kA tAmasabhAva pradharma hai; praura paramparA ko bar3hAne vAlA hai / jIba kA tAttvika bhAva hI dharma hai aura mokSa kA kAraNa hai| arra vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha rAga-dveSa se vimukha hokara santoSa ko dhAraNa kare / madamAtsarya ke kAraNa puruSa zeya padArtha ko jAnane meM asamartha ho jAtA | jaba prAtmA kSobharahita ho jAtA hai, taba jJAnI vyakti traikAlika padArthoM ko nirvAdha rUpa se jAna letA hai / " yaha saMsAra kSaNabhaMgura hai, isalie sukha-duHkha meM samabhAva rakhanA cAhie / 1. (ka) jainadharmAmRta, 58-13. vIrodaya, 18 / 25-28 2. zrIsamudradattacaritra 821-24 3. vahI, 8 / 25-26 4. sudarzanodaya, 4 / 12 5. vIrodaya, 2012-5 6. dayodayacampU, 7 35-37

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kA jIvana-darzana prabhAraNa 424 jaina- dArzanikoM ne do pramANa mAne haiM - pratyakSa aura anumAna / kintu kavi ne ina do ke atirikta smRti ko bhI pramANa mAna liyA hai 13 sArAMza uparyukta vivecana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kavi ne dharma evaM darzana ke viSaya meM jitane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM, utane samAja ityAdi ke viSaya meM nahIM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAkavi jJAnasAgara grAjIvana brahmacArI rahe; aura unhoMne apanA adhikAdhika samaya dharmacintana meM lgaayaa| sanAtana dharma kI vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA / dharma ke prati unakI itanA AsthA se spaSTa hai ki unheM dharmapradhAna samAja, dharmapradhAna rAjya, dharmAnukUla prarthavyavasthA ghora dharmAnukUla saMskRti priya hai / phira bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki samAja ityAdi ke prati apanI mAnyatA ko pUrNarUpeNa prakaTa karane meM vaha asamartha rahe / prastuta adhyayana meM samAja ityAdi ke prati unakI vicAra dhArA isa bAta kI puSTi karatI hai / unhoMne na kevala sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM apitu gRhasthoM ke prAcAra-vyavahAra kI bahuta sI bAteM batAI haiM, jinakA pAlana karane se vyakti prAtmakalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha lokakalyANa bhI kara sakatA hai / 1. mAdhavAcArya, sarvadarzanasaGgraha, pUrvapIThikA, pR0 saM0 20 2. vIrodaya, 20136-21

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dazama adhyAya upasaMhAra jJAnasAgara kA saMskRta-kAvyoM meM sthAna prAcArya muni jJAnasAgara jI 20vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiN| inake dvArA racita kAvya-granthoM kI samAlocanA pahale ke pradhyAyoM meM kI jA cukI hai| aba hamArA kartavya ho jAtA hai ki sarasvatI kI samArAdhanA tatpara muni zrI jJAnasAgara kA saMskRta kaviyoM meM sthAna nirdhArita kreN| jaba-jaba mahAkaviyoM ke viSaya meM carcA hotI hai, taba-taba prAya: loga kAlidAsa, bhArabi, mAgha, zrIharSa, bANabhaTTa, trivikramabhaTTa, dhanapAla ityAdi kaviyoM kI gaNanA zIghratA se karane laga jAte haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki ina kaviyoM kI zreSThatA meM sandeha kA koI sthAna nahIM hai, tathApi bhAja ke samAlocakoM ko cAhie ki vaha prAcIna kaviyoM kI mahattA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhI bharvAcIna kaviyoM ko na bhulAe~ kyoMki grAja bhI kAlidAsa kaura bANabhaTTa kI bhA~ti hI na jAne kitane kavi saMskRta sAhitya-sampadA ko vRddhi kara rahe haiN| rUr3hivAditA evaM pUrvAgraha ko chor3akara jaba hama apane mAlocya kavi jJAnasAgara ko parakhate haiM to hameM unameM bhI mahAn kavi aura mahAna: jaina- dArzanika ke darzana hote haiN| unhoMne jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, zrIsamudradattacaritra aura dayodayacampU - pAMca saMskRta-kAmya-grantharUpa puSpa sarasvatI ko samarpita kiye haiM / kavi ne apane ina kAvyoM ke mAdhyama se jana-dharma tathA satya, grahisA, brahmacarya, asteya aura aparigraha - ina pA~ca mahAvratoM kI zikSA samAja ko dI hai| apane isa prayAsa se eka prora vaha kAlidAsa jaise kaviyoM kI zreNI meM bAte haiM; dUsarI pora baha bauddhadarzana ke mahAn kavi azvaghoSa kI samatA pAne ke bhI yogya siddha hote haiM / kavi ne kAvyazAstra sammata kAvya ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM prapanI nizcita dhAraNA prakaTa kI hai "sAladvArA suvarNA ca sarasA cAnugAminI / kAminIya kRtirloke kasya no' kAmasiddhaye // " -- vayodaya 28/62 kavivara kA ukta kathana kAvya meM bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa ke samanvaya hetu kavi ko sAkAra karatA huA sA pratIta hotA hai / kAvya ke bhAya-yA aura balA

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jJAnasAgara kA saMskRta-kaviyoM meM sthAna 431 pakSa donoM ko kavi ne ucita mahattva diyA hai| unhoMne yadi eka mora kAvya meM acchI kayAmoM aura chandoM kI upAdeyatA svIkRta kI hai, to dUsarI pora rasa ko bhI kAgya kA prAvazyaka tattva mAnA hai| kavi ke nimnalikhita vacana unake upayukta mantavya kI puSTi karate haiM "savRttakusumamAlA surabhikathAdhAriNI mhtyessaa| puruSottamaiH surAgAtsatataM kaNThIkatA bhAtu // yadAlokanataH sayaH saralaM taralaM tarAm / rasikasya mano bhUyAtkavitA vaniteba sA / / " -jayodaya, 28184-85 mahAkavi ke kAvyoM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne ukta tathyoM ko yathAzakti apanI racanAmoM meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| unakA kAvya-kAroM ke lie sandeza hai ki upamA evaM prapadghati ina do zreSTha alakAroM kA kavi apane kAmyoM meM patizayatA se prayoga kareM "yAtu vRddhisamayArikaloramApatipratikaM ca buddhimAn / bhUrizo hyabhinayAnurodhinI vAgalakaraNane'bhibodhinI // " -jayodaya, 2054 zrI jJAnasAgara ne apane kAnyoM meM lokoktiyoM kA yathAsthAna prayoga kiyA hai| inake mAdhyama se vaha kaviyoM ko sandeza dete hue pratIta hote haiM ki sUktimuktAmaya hArAvalI se zobhita kavitA-kAminI zIghra hI sAmAjikoM dvArA prAhya hotI hai| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM pratyAnuprAsa-zailo eka aisI abhinava vastu hai, jisase kavi kI maulikatA meM koI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA / yaha kavi dvArA sAhitya samAja ko anUThI dena hai| yaha zailI hameM kAlidAsa, azvaghoSa, mAgha, bhAravi, zrIharSa ityAdi meM nahIM milatI hai| isa zailI ke mAdhyama se kavi-viracita kAmyoM meM eka ramaNIya pravAha dRSTigocara hotA hai aura dArzanika-siddhAnta-janya rukSatA bhI nahIM cubhatI hai| kavi kI yaha zailI bhI usakA saMskRta-sAhitya samAja . meM eka viziSTa sthAna nirdhArita karane meM samartha hai| vAstava meM saMskRta-bhASA meM racita mahAkAmyoM meM tulasIdAsAta rAmacaritamAnasa ko caupAI-zaloM ke samAna zaMlo apanAnA apane pApa meM hI eka saMstutya kArya hai| kavivara ne bhAravi bhora mApa ko paramparA meM citrakAvya kI bhI racanA kI hai / lekina anuloma, pratimoma, yamaka, ekAkSara, cAra ityAdi durvoSa citrAmahAroM se apane kAmyoM ko bacAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| phalasvarUpa vaha kaThina-kAma ke preta kI saMjJA se bhopavaye mora masAnI se kAnirAkhI paramparA padi bhI mAnane yogya ho gye|

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432. mahAkavi jJAnasApara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana naSaSa kAvya kI paramparA meM hama unake kAvyoM meM pratyeka sagaM ke anta meM kaSi-paricaya kA eka zloka dekhate haiM... (ka) 'zrImAn zreNThicaturbhujaH sa suSupe bhUrAmalopAhvayaM - vANI bhUSaNavaminaM pratavatI devo vayaM dhIcayam / , tasyoktiH pratiparva sadrasamayIyaM cekSayaSTiryapAs. ' 'muM samdhyeti manoharaM ca dazamaM sargottamaM saMkathA // ' -jayodaya, 10 / sagaM kA bhantima zloka / (kha) 'zrImAna zreSThicaturmujaH sa suSuve bhUrAmaletyAhvayaM pANI bhUSaNavaNinaM dhRtavatI devI ca yaM dhIcayam / tenAsmin racite satIndusamite sarga samAvaNitaM sarvajJena dayAvatA bhagavatA yatsAmyamAvezitam // " __ -vIrodaya 17 // sargAnta kA zloka / (ga) 'zrImAn zreSThicaturbhavasa supuSe bhUsamletyAiyaM vANI bhUSaNavaminaM dhRtavatI devI ca yaM dhIcayam / tena proktasudarzanasya carite'sI zrImatAM sammataH rAjJocetasi manmayaprakaMdhaka: SaSTho'mi soM gataH / / ' -sudarzanodaya, / santi kA soka / (gha) 'zrImAn zreSThicaturbhujaH sa muSuve bhUrAmalopAhvayaM vANI bhUSaragaNinaM ghRtavatI devI ca yaM ghocapam / prokte tena zubhe dayodayapade sambo'tra vedopamaH yasmin somasamarSitasya viSayAsyAto vivAhakramaH // " / . -dayodayacampU, 4 / lamba kA antima zloka / isake atirikta baha aisI kavitA karane meM bhI kuzala haiM, jisameM padya ke pratyeka caraNa kA prathama prakSara milAne se eka sApaka vAkya ko saMracanA ho jAtI hai| udAharaNa prastuta hai 'bhUpo bhavennotisamudrasetuH / rASTra tu nisskssttkbhaavmetu| manAG na hi syAbhava vismayAdi lokasya cittaM prabhavet prasAdi // 1 // dizedetAdazI dRSTi zrImAn vIrajinaprabhuH / . tantrametat paThennamaM zarma dharma mabheta bhUH // 2 // -dayodayacampU, mantima maGgalakAmanA 1-2 uparyukta patroM meM prathama pada ke pratyeka caraNa ke prathama akSaroM ko tathA dvitIya padya ke prathama tathA tRtIya caraNoM ke prathama akSaroM kA milAne se 'bharAma

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jJAnasAgara kA saMskRta-kaviyoM meM sthAna 'loditam' vAkya banatA hai / smaraNa rahe ki mahAkavi kA pArivArika nAma bhUrAmala hI thA / 433 isa prakAra sAhitya prora darzana, bhAvapakSa mora kalApakSa maura prAcIna zailI paura Adhunika zailI kA prabhuta samanvaya karane vAle zrI jJAnasAgara nizcita ho saMskRta-sAhitya ke zreSTha kaviyoM meM sthAna pAne ke adhikArI haiN| sAhityakAra kisI dharma yA jAti vizeSa kA pratinidhitva karane mAtra se sAhitya samAja meM ucita sthAna pAne ke prayogya nahIM ho jaataa| yadi sabhI sAhityikoM ko sadRSTi se dekhA jAya dharmanirapekSa evaM jAtinirapekSa hokara unakI samAlocanA kI jAya to sanAtana dharmiyoM dvArA upekSita jaina evaM bauddha kavi prathavA jainadharmAvalambiyoM prora bauddhadharmAvalambiyoM dvArA upekSita sanAtanadharmAvajambI kavi bhI sAhityasamAja meM yogya sthAna pAne ke adhikArI ho sakate haiM / isa dRSTi se grasmadAlocya mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kAlidAsa, prazvaghoSa, bhAravi, mAgha, harSa ityAdi vikhyAta mahAkaviyoM kI zRGkhalA ke kavi haiM, mora prAdhunika saMskRta kaviyoM meM to unakA ucca sthAna honA hI cAhie / (kha) kavi zrIjJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvyagranthoM kA saMskRta-sAhitya meM sthAna spaSTa hai ki jo kavi saMskRta-sAhitya meM zreSTha kaviyoM meM sthAna pAne kA pradhikArI hai, usakI kAvyakRtiyA~ bhI saMskRta-sAhitya meM ucca sthAna pAne kI fontfront zravazya hoNgii| kavi jJAnasAgara ne jayodaya, sudarzanodaya, zrIsamudra dattacaritra- ye cAra mahAkAvya zrora dayodaya nAmaka eka campU kAvya kI racanA kI hai / unake ina pAMcoM kAvyagranthoM kA saMskRta-sAhitya meM jo sthAna ho sakatA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai (ka) jayodaya -- yaha zrI jJAnasAgara viracita 28 sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai / isakA mAbopAta parizIlana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha bRhattrayI kI paramparA meM bhAne ke yogya hai| isa kAvya meM zRGgAra rasa rUpiNI yamunA aura vIrarasarUpiNI sarasvatI kA zAntarakharUpiNI gaGgA ke sAtha pradadbhuta saGgama kiyA gayA hai| bRhattrayI kI paramparA meM praur3ha-saMskRta bhASA meM isa kAvya kI racanA huI hai / pracalita-prapracalita vividha chandoM kA pratizaya prayoga bhI ise bRhattrayI kI paramparA meM le jAtA hai| isa kAvya meM jayakumAra ke paricaya, svayaMvara meM dAsI dvArA sulocanA ke samakSa rAjAdhoM kA paricaya dene missandeha " neSadhIyacarita" ke samakakSa kara detA hai / anavadyamati rAjAnoM ke ekatra hone, prAdi kA varNana ise mantrI kA prakIti

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434 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana ko samajhAnA bhAravi ke prathaMgaurava ko jhAMkI prastuta karatA hai| parvata-varNana, vanabihAra-varNana, sandhyA-varNana aura prabhAtavarNana ise mAgha ke 'zizupAlavaSa' kI tulanA meM le jAte hue lagate haiN| kintu eka bAta yaha draSTavya hai ki ukta sanAtanadharmAvalambI kaviyoM ne apane kAgyoM ke mAdhyama se dharma-darzana evaM muniyoM ko jIvana-carcA usa prakAra se nahIM kI hai, jisa prakAra se prasmadAlocya mahAkavi zrI jJAnasAgara ne kI hai| kAlidAsa kAvyoM meM hameM vanya-jovana evaM muniyoM ke mAcAra-vyavahAra kI jhAMkI yatra-tatra mila jAtI hai, kintu usakA prastutIkaraNa zrIjJAnasAgara ke kAvyoM meM variNata muniyoM ke prAcAra-vyavahAra ke samAna nahIM hai| jayodaya ke jayakumAra ko gRhasthAzrama ke sambandha meM upadeza dene vAle muni evaM mokSa mArga meM dIkSita karane vAle tIrthaGkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke varNana kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM meM variNata guru vasiSTha aura maharSi kaNva ke varNana se kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiN| balki kahIM-kahIM to ina jaina muniyoM ne apane prAcAra-vyavahAra ke kAraNa vasiSTha aura kaNva se bhI UMcA sthAna prApta kara liyA hai| sAhitya ke mAdhyama se darzana ko prastuta karane ko kalA kA aMzamAtra bhI hameM sanAtanadharmAvalambI kaviyoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA jabaki zrIjJAnasAgara isa kalA meM siddhahasta haiM / 'jayokya' meM uddezya hai-aparigraha vrata kI zikSA denaa| pAThaka ko rukSatA kA anubhava na ho, isalie kavi ne jayakumAra evaM sulocanA ke kathAnaka ke mAdhyama se apanA uddezya pUrA kara liyA hai| kahanA na hogA ki jayodaya kAvyazAstrIya, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, dhArmika paura dArzanika dRSTiyoM se kAlidAsottara kAvyoM ke madhya meM rakhane ke pUrNataH yogya hai| bhale hI sukumAratA ko dRSTi se yaha kAdhya kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM ko barAbarI na kara pAe, para samAlocaka yadi niSpakSa hokara isakI samIkSA kareMge to isako bhAravi, mAgha paura zrIharSa ke kAgyoM ke samAma to avazya pAeMge, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| (kha) vIrodaya yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tyAga evaM tapasyApUrNa jIvana para AdhArita 22 soM kA mahAkAvya hai / isa kAmbavArA kavi ne brahmacarya evaM cAritrika dRr3hatA kI zikSA dI hai / isake parizIlana se jJAta huA hai ki yaha kAvya eka mora to zailI kI STi se kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM kI zreNI meM prA jAtA hai; aura dUsarI pora darzanaparaka hone ke kAraNa bauddha-bArzanika mahAkavi azvaghoSa ke kAvyoM ke samakakSa mA jAtA hai| jaba hama isa kAvya ko kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se dekhate haiM to yaha utkRSTa koTi ke mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM bhA jAtA hai| jaba isakI ghaTanAmoM ko dekhate haiM to yaha

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jJAnasAgara kA saMskRta-kaviyoM meM sthAna itihAsa prantha evaM purANa-grantha pratIta hotA hai / isameM dharma kA svarUpa jisa kauzala se prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usako dekhate hue yaha dharmazAstra grantha kI bhI zreNI meM mA jAtA hai / kAvya ke sAtha hI isameM jaina-darzana kI bhI vyAkhyA milatI hai, phalasvarUpa isameM darzanagrantha ko bhI vizeSatAeM dekhane ko mila jAtI haiN| isa kAnya meM brahmacarya-vrata ke atirikta pahiMsA evaM aparigraha-ina do vo ko bhI zikSA bar3e kauzala ke sAtha dI gaI hai| isa kAvya kA RtuvarNana mAgha ke Rtu-varaNaMna ke samAna hI prabhAvazAlI hai / varSA Rtu kA bhagavAn ke garbhAvataraNa ke sAtha, vasanta Rtu kA bhagavAn ke janma ke sAtha, zIta-Rtu kA bhagavAn ke cintana ke sAtha, grISma Rtu kA bhagavAn ke upatapazcaraNa ke sAtha aura zarad-Rtu kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke sAtha varNana karake kavi ne Rtu-varNana ko naI dizA dI hai| zrI jJAnasAgara ke pUrva ke kAmyoM meM RtumoM kA aisA prAsaGgika varNana dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| vAstava meM prakRti mAnava ko cirasahacarI aura usake vicAroM kA samarthana karane vAlI hai, yaha bAta mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke isa kAvya ke par3hane se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| upajAti chanda, upamA, apahaluti alaGkAra, sukumAra bhASA-zailI, zAntarasa ina sabhI kAvyazAstrIya tasvoM kA kAvya meM bar3A santulita prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai| 'jayodaya' mahAkAya jahA~ kAvyamarmajJoM ke boTika-vilAsa kA sAdhana hai, vahA~ vIrodaya mahAkAmya sahRdayahRdayagrAhya hai| isa kAvya kA punarjanmavAda aura karmavAva mAnava-mAtra ko macche-acche kArya karane kI preraNA detA hai| prastuta kAvya meM deviyoM dvArA varSamAna ko mAtA priyakAriNI kI sevA sodharmendra dvArA bhagavAn kA janmAbhiSeka, kubera evaM indra dvArA samavasaraNa maNDapa kA nirmANa prAdi ghaTanAeM devoM pora mAnavoM ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhane kA pratyanta prazaMsanIya prayAsa prastuta karatI haiN| sAtha hI ye ghaTanAeM yaha bhI batAtI haiM ki mahApuruSa apanI vizeSatAmoM se mAnava rUpa meM utpanna hokara bhI devabandha ho jAte haiN| . isa kAvya kA uddezya pAThaka ko ahiMsA, brahmacarya evaM jaina-darzana ke mahattva kA jJAna karAnA hai / yadi darzana ke siddhAntoM ko sIdhe-sIdhe prastuta kara diyA jAtA to sahRdaya sAmAjika inako par3hane meM nIrasatA kA anubhava krte| prataH sAmAjika ke lie ina siddhAnta rUpI poSadhiyoM ko kavi ne kAvyAnanvarUpI cAzanI se pAga kara prastuta kiyA hai| kavi apane isa prastutIkaraNa ke prayAsa se dArzanikoM pora kaviyoM-donoM kI ruciyoM ko santuSTa karane meM samartha ho sakA hai| ataH kavi kA yaha kAvya bhI saMskRta-sAhitya kI mahAn kAvyakRtiyoM meM sthAna pAne yogya hai|

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436 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana (ga) sudarzanodaya ____yaha nI soM kA eka choTA sA mahAkAvya hai| isa kAvya ke dvArA kaSi ne paJcanamaskAra mantra ke mahattva se pAThaka ko avagata karAnA cAhA hai| sAtha hI pAtivratya, ekapatnIvrata, sadAcAra, gamyakcaritra ityAdi guNoM kI bhI zikSA dI hai| 'jayodaya' aura 'vIrodaya' kI apekSA isa kAvya meM pAThaka adhika acchI rasacarvaNA kara sakatA hai| isameM zaGgAra rasAbhAsa para zAntarasa kI adbhuta vijaya dikhAI gaI hai| kapilA brAhmaNI ko kAmukatA, prabhayamatI kA ghAta-pratighAta, devadattA bezyA kI kuceSTrAeM mora kAvya ke nAyaka sudarzana ko ina saba para vijaya kAvya ke mArmika sthala haiM / ye sabhI sthala pAThaka ko saccaritra kI zikSA dete haiM / isa kAvya kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai- isake gIta / sAhitya, saGgIta evaM darzana kA pradarbhUta sammizraNa kAvya ko utkRSTa banAne meM sahAyaka haiN| mantadanda, prasannatA, bhakti, prema ityAdi manobhAvoM ko prakaTa karane meM sahAyaka vibhinna rAgarAginiyoM ko zaMliyoM meM baddha ina gItoM kA prayoga kavi kA adbhuta prayAsa hai| kavi ke isa kAvya ko yaha vizeSatA hama kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM meM bhI nahIM pAte, phira anya kaviyoM ke viSaya meM kyA kahA jAe ? yadyapi jayadeva ke 'gIta-gobinda' meM gIta bhI saMskRta-sAhitya meM khyAti prApta kara cuke haiM, kintu ye gIta saMvAdoM yA ghaTanAmoM ke bIca-bIca meM na hokara kramazaH haiN| jabaki hamAre prAlocya kavi ne viziSTa bhAvoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie ghaTanAmoM aura saMvAdoM ke bIca meM ina gItoM ko prayukta kiyA hai| seTha-sudarzana ke jIvana-vRttAnta dvArA isa kAvya meM kavi ne sahiSNutA kI zikSA dI hai / tIna-tIna bAra vipatti mA jAne para prora prANoM kI bAjI laga jAne para bhI seTha sudarzana na to kartavya-patha se Dige aura na unhone apane prati duvyavahAra karane vAloM ke prati kaTavacana khe| yaha sahiSNutA to sudarzana jaise mahApuruSoM kA ho palaGa karaNa ho sakatI hai| sAmAnya manuSya to kiJcit vipatti se hI ghabarA jAte haiM, ghora upasoM ko sahane kI kSamatA unameM kahA~ ? / kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para muniyoM ke prAcAra, prAhAra-vyavahAra mAdi kI zikSA bhavasarAnukUla dI hai| kathA ke mAdhyama se prastuta kie jAne ke kAraNa yaha zikSA korA upadeza na rahakara pAThaka ke hRdaya para chA jAne ko bhI kSamatA rakhatI hai| kAvya ke upajAti, anuSTapa, zArdUlavikrIDita Adi chanda, upamA, virodhAbhAsa prAdi alaGa kAra, antyAnuprAsa kI tukabandI sundara padoM vAlI bhASA aura sukumAra zailI se samuddha kalApakSa kA bhAvapakSa ke sAtha adbhuta samanvaya isa kAvya kI eka anyatama vizeSatA hai|

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mAnasAgara kA saMskRta-kaviyoM meM sthAna isa kAvya ke par3hane se zAsaka-varga yaha jAna sakatA hai ki binA bicAre koI kArya nahIM karanA cAhie / aparAdhoM ko samApta karane ke lie sarvaprathama unako dUra karane ke upAya apane hI pArivArika janoM para karane cAhie~ aura vAstavika aparAdhI ko ho daNDa milanA caahie| niraparAdha vyakti daNDita kiyA jAya, yaha bAta rAjA ke hita meM nahIM hai / ___spaSTa hai ki kAvya, kAvyazAstriyoM, sAmAjikoM, zAsakoM, dArzanikoM aura dhArmikoM ko zikSA dene meM evaM unako santuSTa karane meM samartha hai / mataH yaha kAmya bhI saMskRta-sAhitya meM ucca sthAna pAne kA adhikArI hai / (1) bIsamudradattacaritra isa kAgya meM 'sudarzanodaya' ke samAna hI 6 sagaM haiN| isameM bhavamitra nAmaka kAvya-nAyaka ke janma-janmAntaroM kA varNana hai| isake mAdhyama se kavi ne asteya nAmaka mahAvrata kI zikSA dA hai aura corI evaM prasatya-bhASaNa ke duSprabhAva . se bacane ke lie pAThaka ko sAvadhAna kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM punarjanmavAda aura karmaphalavAda kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki pAThaka pUrvajanma aura vartamAna janma kA tAlamela biThAte samaya vAstavika kathA bhUla jAtA hai| vaise bhI isa kAvya ko racane kA uddezya kisI rocaka ghaTanA vizeSa ko prastuta karanA nahIM hai| kathA to kAvya ke uddezya (asteya kI zikSA) ko sahAyikA ke rUpa meM prAI hai / sampUrNa kAvya paDhane para eka hI niSkarSa nikalatA hai-'satyameva jayate nAnatam / ' isake atirikta isa kAvya kI racanA kA dUsarA uddezya hai-kAvya ke mAdhyama se jaina-darzana ke siddhAntoM ko prastuta krnaa|| ___ darzana-pradhAna evaM dharmopadezapradhAna hote hue bhI isa kAvya ke kucha sthala praSTavya haiM / yathA-dhanArjana hetu videza jAte hue bhadamitra kA apane mAtA-pitA se saMvAda, rAnI dvArA dyUta-krIr3A se rAjya ke purohita kI kalaI khulanA, rAjA kI mRtyu ke bAda rAmadattA kA mAryikA bana jAnA mAdi / ina sabhI ghaTanAmoM meM kavi ke bhAvapakSa kA sAmarthya spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| zrImAnasAgara ke pUrva aise kAmya nahIM ke barAbara race gaye, jinameM mahAkAvya paura caritakAvya ko vizeSatAe~ sAtha-sAtha daSTigocara hotI haiN| zrIsamudradattacaritra aisA hI kAvya hai| parisaMkhyA, virodhAbhAsa mAdi se alaMkRta, sarala mASA se susajjita kumAra zenI meM prastuta, upajAti, drutavilambita prAdi chandobaddha isa kAvya kA sApakSa evaM janmavRttAntoM kA prAdhikya zAmtarasa kI parvaNA meM bAdhaka nahIM ataH yaha kAvya pAbAlavaDa, sabhI ke lie hitopadezAtmaka hai| dArzanikoM

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4te mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAthya - eka pradhya evaM kAvyazAstriyoM ko eka sAtha santuSTa karane vAlA yaha kAvya vAstava meM saMskRta sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi hai / (Ga) vayodayacampU kavi me 'jayodaya', 'vIrodaya' jaise mahAkAvyoM ko racane ke sAtha 'vayodaya' nAmaka campU- kAvya kI bhI racanA kI hai| saMskRta-sAhitya ke itihAsa para dRSTi DAlane se jJAta hotA hai ki campU-kAvya kI paramparA mukhya rUpa se trivikramabhaTTa viracita 'nalacampU' se prArambha huI hai, tatpazcAt to campUrAmAyaNa, campUbhArata, yazastilakAcampU jaise aneka campU kAvyoM kI racanA huii| jaba hama dayodayacampU ko ukta campUkAvyoM kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM, to hameM apane mAlokya kavi zrI jJAnasAgara kA prayAsa sarvathA navIna pratIta hotA hai| uparyukta campU kAvya bRhatkAya hai, para dayodayacampU laghukAya | ukta kAvyoM meM zleSa evaM parisaMkhyA ke kaThina prayona haiM, jabaki hamAre kavi isa prakAra ke prayogoM se sarvathA bace haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki trivikramabhaTTa mAdi kaviyoM ke mana meM ina kAvyoM kI racanA ke samaya pANDitya pradarzana kI bhI icchA rahI hogI, jabaki hamAre kavi kA uddezya mAtrapradarzana nahIM rahA hai| jJAnasAgara jI kA yaha campUkAvya bhI eka zikSAprada kAvya hai / isa kAvya mAdhyama se kavi ne ahiMsA nAmaka vrata kI zikSA dI hai, jo sabhI manuSyoM ke pAsane yogya hai / puruSa ko cAhie ki vaha yathAsambhava isa vrata kA pAlana kare / sAtha hI paropakAra, pratithivatsalatA, yogya vyakti ke sammAna prAdi guraNoM kI bhI zikSA dI gaI hai| samAja meM hiMsA vrata kA saba pAlana kareM, isalie isa campUkAvya meM eka bIvara, jisakI jIvikA hI hiMsA se calatI hai, ke dvArA mahisAvrata kA pAcana karavAyA gayA hai| yaha isI vrata kA prabhAva hai ki dUsare janma meM vaha bAra-bAra sambhAvita mRtyu ke muMha se baca jAtA hai / " kAvya meM gadya-padya kA sumbara santulana hai / sarala muhAvaredAra bhASA, sukumArazelI, svAbhAvika prakAra prabasarAnukUla chamba bhrantardvandva aura saMvAda prAdi se samRddha kalApakSa isa kAvya meM bhAvapakSa ko pUrNarUpeNa abhivyakta karatA hai / yadi pAThaka nalacampU ityAdi prAcIna campUkAmyoM kI tulanA meM isa campU ko par3heM, to avazya hI unheM isake par3hane meM apekSAkRta adhika prAnanda kI prApti hogI / kyoMki ukta kAvyoM meM pralaGkAroM ke prayoga ke moha ke kAraNa kavi kathA ko pravAha dene meM apanI sAmayaM to baiThe haiM, jabaki 'dayodayacampU' ke malaGkAra bhavasarAnukUla haiM / isameM vAkya bhI bahuta lambe-lambe nahIM hai / isIlie isa kASNa kI kathA ke pravAha meM koI rukAvaTa nahIM prAI / pAThaka zabda-jAloM meM ulajhe binA kathA kA prAnanda le sakatA hai /

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bhAnasAgara kA saMskRta-kaviyoM meM sthAna prataeva jahA~ 'nalacampU' jaise campUkAvya kevala bauddhika vimAsiyoM aura praur3ha-saMskRta-bhASA ke zAtAmoM ke hI parizIlana kA viSaya hai, vahA~ 'yodaya-pampU saMskRta bhASA ke sAdhAraNa jAnakAra ke bhI par3hane yogya hai| ___uparyukta vivecana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kavivara kA cammU-kAmya paramparA meM yaha ilAdhya prayAsa hai / unhoMne jahAM campU-kAvya vidhA kI samRddhi kI hai, vahA~ sahRdaya sAmAjikoM kI icchA kA bhI pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai| mataH isa kAmya ko bhI saMskRta sAhitya kI eka preraka niSi mAnanA caahie| sArAMza spaSTa hai ki zrI jJAnasAgara ke ye pAMcoM saMskRta-kAvya-grantha saMskRta sAhitya meM apanA-apanA viziSTa sthAna pAne ke yogya haiN| kAvya ke mAdhyama se darzana kI zikSA dene meM jaina-dharma kI vakAlata karane meM kavivara ko spRhaNIya saphalatA milI hai| vyakti yA to kavi hI hotA hai yA dArzanika ho| kintu hamAre kavi dArzanika bhI hai| isalie unako saMskRta-sAhitya meM mAdhunika prazvaghoSa kI saMjJA dI jAnI paahie| anuprAsa kI vyApaka evaM navIna paramparA ko calAne pora nibhAne ke kAraNa 'upamA kAlidAsasya' ke samAna hI 'anuprAso jJAnasAgarasya' kI ukti bhI prasaGgata nahIM hogii| prAyaH zandAlaGkAroM kA prayoga karane ke kAraNa kaviyoM ke kAvya durUha ho jAte haiM, jabaki hamAre kavi ke kAvya mantyAnuprAsa ke suSThu prayoga se bhora bhI adhika pravAhamaya ho gae haiN| prataH pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki jAtIyatA mora sAmpradAyikatA ko bhulAkara zrIjJAnasAgara kA saMskRta kaviyoM meM bhora unake kAvyoM kA saMskRta-kAvyoM meM ucca sthAna svIkRta kreN|

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prathama pariziSTa mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI saMskRta-bhASA meM likhita __ dArzanika kRtiyA~ zrIjJAnasAgara ne saMskRta-bhASA meM kAmyagranthoM ke atirikta do dArzanika kRtiyAM bhI likhI haiN| inameM se eka to kavi kI maulika kRti hai mora dUsarI anuvAdakati / vaise to ina donoM katiyoM kA paricaya hameM unake saMskRta kAmpa-granyoM ke sAtha hI denA cAhie pA, kintu apane zodhaprabandha ke zIrSaka ke anusAra unake saMskRta kAvyagranyoM kI samIkSA hI hamArA vayaM viSaya hai / ataH unako ina dArzanika kRtiyoM kI samIkSA vahAM na karake yahA~ pariziSTa meM hI saMkSipta paricaya diyA jA rahA hai :maulika kRti samyaktvasArazataka zrIjJAnasAgara ne isa grantha meM jainadharmAnusAra batAyA hai ki prAtmA ko zuddhatA evaM sarvajJatA kI avasthA ko samyaktva kahate haiN| samyaktva ke tIna prakAra haiM :-samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, sAmyabAritra / prAtmA kI isake viparIta avasthA kA nAma mithyAtva hai / vastu ke do rUpa hai-cetana pora pracetana / cetana prAtmA hai| pracetana vastu dharma, prAkAza, kAma aura pudgala ke bheda se pAMca prakAra kI hai| inameM se prathama cAra pramattaM haiM aura pudgala mUrta hai / jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM sahAyaka ko dharma kahate haiM jo ina donoM kI sthiti meM sahAyaka nahIM hai use adharma kahate haiN| saba vastuoM kA mAzraya sthAna prAkAza hai / vastutroM meM parivartana karane kI zakti kA nAma kAla hai| apane kartavya ke viSaya meM socanA karmacetanA yA labdhi kahalAtA hai / yaha landhi dezanA, vizuddhi, prayogikA bhora kAla-cAra prakAra kI hai| ina naSiyoM se vyakti suvidhA pUrvaka samyaktva lAbha kara sakatA hai| isake pratirikta eka sandhi pora hai-krnnsndhi| inake tIna rUpa haiM :-pradhaH karaNa, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikrnn| jaba uparyukta ladhiyoM kI sahAyatA se vyakti karmoM kA upazamana kara letA hai, taba use samyaktraya kI prApti hotI hai| aisA puruSa, deva, vidyAdhara kA janma evaM mokSa kI prApti karatA hai| samyagdaSTi puruSa ke guNa haiM :-vAtsalya, dharma-prabhAvanA, tyAga tathA santoSa / inoM gaNoM kI suparI haI davA samyaktva hai, paura bigar3I huI dazA mithyAtva /

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mahAkavi mAnasAgara kI saMskRta bhASA meM lihita dArzanika kRtiyA~ 41 zrIjJAnasAgara ne uparyukta viSayavastu saMskRta ke 100 zlokoM meM likhakara usakI sarala evaM vistRta vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| upalabdha pustakoM meM 91 hI zloka evaM unakI vyAkhyA milatI hai| yaha pustaka jana-darzana ke jijJAsuSoM ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| anuvAda kRtipravacanasAra prastuta grantha maulika rUpa meM zrImatkundakundAcArya jI ne hI likhA hai| isakI bhASA prAkRta hai / inameM kramazaH tIna adhikAra hai-jJAnaprarUpaka adhikAra, zreyAdhikAra aura caritrAdhikAra / prathama adhikAra meM 94, dvitIya meM 108 pora tRtIya meM 65 gAthAeM haiN| zrIjJAnasAgara jI ne prAkRta bhASA meM racita ukta gAthAnoM kA saMskRta bhASA meM anuSTup zlokoM meM pUrNarUpeNa chAyAnuvAda kiyA hai| sAtha hI unakA hindI pavAnuvAda evaM sArAMza bhI likha diyA hai| ataH isa pranya ko kavivara kI mAtra hindo racanA na kahakara saMsata evaM hindI kI mizrita racanA mAnanA caahie| . jaina-darzana ke jAnane kA icchuka isa anya ke pradhyayana se dravya, guNa, paryAya, zubhopayoga, pazubhopayoga, zuddhopayoga, moha, syAdavAda, dravya-bheda, jIva evaM pudgala kA svarUpa, bhAtmatattva, dhyAna evaM usake prakAra, uttama pAcaraNa, muniyoM ke bheda, pApa-bheda, strImukti ityAdi viSayoM ko prAsAnI se samajha sakatA hai|' 1. yaha grantha zrI digambara jaina samAja, hisAra se sana 1956 I. meM prakAzita hamA hai| 2. yaha grantha zrI mahAvIra sAjhAkA, pATanI, kizanagar3ha renavAna ne san 1972 I. meM prakAzita karavAyA hai|

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dvitIya pariziSTa mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI hindI racanAeM zrIjJAnasAgara ne hindI bhASA meM caudaha racanAe~ likhI haiN| ina racanAmoM meM unako adhikAMza racanAeM maulika haiM aura kucha TIkA katiyAM bhI haiN| eka do ko chor3akara unakI ina racanAmoM kA prakAzana bhI ho cukA hai| yahAM prati saMkSepa meM unakA samIkSonmukha paricaya prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai jisase mAzA hai ki saMskRtasAhitya samIkSAjagat bhI apane isa utkRSTa sAhityakAra kI sampUrNa sAhityasampamA se paricita ho skegaa| maulika kRtiyAMmaalaa - zrImAnasAgara jI ne mahApurANa meM variNata prAdi RSabhadeva toyaMkara bhagavAn ke kathAnaka ke AdhAra para apanA yaha hindI kAvya likhA hai| isameM RSabhadeva ke 8 pUrvajanmoM mora battaMmAna janma kA vistRta varNana hai| kAgya ke manta meM RSabhadeva ke yahAM bharata evaM bAhubalI ke janma lene kA aura RSabhadeva dvArA tIrthaGkara-pada-prApti kA varNana hai| isa kAmya meM satrAmadhyAya haiM / kAmya kI kula padya-saMkhyA 815 hai| ye para rolA, harigItikA ityAdi hindI ke prasiddha chandoM meM nibara haiN| pratyeka adhyAya kI samApti para kavi ne dohA mathavA kuNDaliyA nAmaka chanda prayukta kiye haiN| kAvya meM zuGgAra, zAnta, vIra, karuNa, adbhuta, vatsala mAdi rasoM kA yathAsthAna samyak paripAka humA hai| kAvya kI samApti bhaktibhAva kI abhiyajamA ke sAtha huI hai| kavi ke isa kAmya meM sthAna-sthAna para upamA, rUpaka', utprekSA' 1. mahApurANa (pAdipurANa bhAga-1) 2. RSabhAvatAra, 1154, 67, 65, 102 3. vahI, 2 / 31, 4144,11126 4. vahI, 234, 2116, 2013

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara kI himbI racanAe~ / 43 vyatireka', virodha, parisaMsthA' aura apahnuti alaGkAroM kA sundara prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai| kAvya kI bhASA sarala, suboSa mora khar3I bolI hai| bhASA anAvazyaka malaGkAroM ke bojha se dabI huI nahIM hai| isa kAnya meM kavi ne sukumAra zailI kA prayoga kiyA hai| __isa kAvya meM kavi kA prativarNana evaM vastu-varNana bhI ullekhanIya hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM vivayA parvata,5 umimAlinI nadI, malakApurI, puNDarIkiNI, susImA evaM prayodhyA' ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| kavi ne kAvya ke mAdhyama se jana-parma evaM darzana ke siddhAntoM ko pAThaka taka pahu~cAne kA adbhuta prayAsa kiyA hai, jinameM proSaSopavAsa,' dhyAna-bheda, 2 daigambarIdIkSA'3, paJcasamiti", ekAdazavata'5 munisvarUpa evaM nyasvarUpa'" ullekhanIya haiM / yahA~ yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki karmakANDa kA kavi ne virodha kiyA hai| kyoMki isa kAmya meM prAcArya-sammata mahAkAvya ke adhikAMza lakSaNa STigocara ho jAte haiM, ataH hameM isa kAmya ko mahAkAvya kI saMjJA dene meM saGkoca nahIM karanA cAhiye / / 1. vahI, 2053 2. vahI, // 38, 644 3. vahI, 627-30 4. RSabhAvatAra, 1038-26 vahI, 116 vahI, 105 7. vahI, 116 vahI, 22 6. vahI, 61 10. vahI, 61-7 1.1. vahI, 17 12. vahI, 108, 39, 42, 2016, 16, 13338, 1616 13. vahI, 1155, 2048 14. vahI, 31 15. bahI, 12 16. pahI, 6 / 14.23 17. vahI, 172-7 18. vahI, 4121 19. yaha anya bhI digambara jaina samAva, madanagaMba se san 1957 I. meM prakAzita hamA hai|

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444 dhanyakumAra kA carita ( bhAgyodaya ) isa kAvya meM dhanyakumAra kA jIvana-vRttAnta bar3e rocaka DhaGga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai | dhanyakumAra ke vistRta vartamAna janma-varNana ke sAtha hI usake do pUrvajanmoM kA bhI varNana isa kAvya meM kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya kA nAyaka ( dhanyakumAra) pradbhuta vyaktitva kA svAmI hai| usake guNoM ko dekhakara jahA~ usake pragraja pranta-pranta taka IrSyA ke pragni meM sulagate rahate haiM, vahIM kusumazrI, somazrI, subhadrA, maJjarI, gItakalA, sarasvatI, lakSmIvatI prora guNavatI -- ye mATha rAjakumAriyA~ evaM zreSThiputriyA~ usake vyaktitva se prabhAvita hokara usakI patniyA~ bana jAtI haiM / kAvya meM zRGgAra, vIra, pradbhuta karuNa ityAdi rasoM kI sundara prabhivyaJjanA huI hai / kintu ye sabhI rasa isa kAvya ke pradhAna rasa zAnta rasa ke praGga hI haiM / dhanyakumAra ke pitA ghanasAra ke dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt kAvya meM zAntarasa prabAdha rUpa se abhivyaJjita huA hai; bhora uparyukta sabhI rasoM kI pariNati bhI usI meM huI hai| mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana kavi ne kAvya kA praNayana-kathArambha, dubArA bhAgyaparIkSA, nagaraseThapadaprApti, gRhatyAga, gRha kalaha, vivAha-prakrama, kaTumba samAgama, dhanya kauzAmbI meM dhannA kA samanveSaNa, nyAyapriyatA, kauzAmbI se prasthAna, prAyazcitta aura dhanyakumAra kA vairAgya - ina teraha zIrSakoM meM kiyA hai| kAvya meM prayukta samasta padyoM kI saMkhyA 858 hai / ye padya kuNDaliyA, haragItikA, Dilla, gItikA, dohA, kusumalatA, cappaya, gajala, rekhatA prAdi hindI ke chandoM meM nibaddha haiM / kahIM-kahIM para kavvAlI nAmaka gAyana zailI bhI prayukta kI gaI hai| kAvya meM dRSTAnta', utprekSA, prarthAntaranyAsa 3, rUpaka; 4 upamA, parisaMkhyA, aura virodhAbhAsa (r) pralaGkAroM kI bhI chaTA yatra-tatra dikhAI de jAtI hai / kAvya kI bhASA zailI sarala hai| kavi ne bhAvazyakatAnusAra muhAvare evaM urdU ke zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / 1. 2. vahI, 211, 16, 3128 3. vahI, 3 / 52 dhanyakumAra kA carita, 211, 8117 4. dhanyakumAra kA carita, 42, 34 5. vahI, 5 / 11, 6 / 75, 77 6. vahI, 8 / 28 - 26 7. vahI, 12 / 1-2

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko hindI racanAe~ 45 isa kAvya meM narmadA nadI,' gaGgA nadora soraTha deza bhora vArANasI nagarI ke varNana vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| eka sthala para jaina dharma evaM darzana ke siddhAnta bhI prastuta kiye gaye haiM / eka sthala para lakSmI ke doSoM kA bhI prAkarSaka varNana milatA hai|' kahanA na hogA ki isa kAvya ke mAdhyama se kavi ne mAnava ko mAstikatA karmaThatA, satyavAditA, sahiSNutA, tyAgapriyatA praura paropakAra-parAyaNatA kI zikSA dene ke prayAsa meM adbhuta saphalatA prApta kI hai| RSabhAvatAra ke samAna hI yaha kAgya bhI mahAkAvya kI saMjJA pAne ke yogya hai| isa kAmya kI samApti san 1953 60 (vi0 saM0 2013) meM huI thii| pavitra mAnava-jIvana prastuta pustaka kI racanA sarala hindI bhASA meM padyoM meM kI gaI hai| pUrI pustaka meM 193 padya haiN| isa pustaka ke dvArA bojJAtasAgara ne vyaktiyoM kI samAja-sudhAra, paropakAra, prAvazyakatApUtti, kRSi evaM pazupAlana, bhojana ke niyama, strI.kA kartavya evaM usakA samAja meM sthAna, bAlakoM ke prati abhibhAvakoM ke kartavya, prAdhunika doSapUrNa zikSA paddhati, upavAsa, gahastha aura tyAgI meM antara ityAdi jAnane yogya viSayoM kA rovaka pratipAdana kiyA hai| sarala jaMna vivAha vidhi hindI bhASA meM racita gahasthiyoM ke liye upayogI isa pustaka meM jainavivAha-vidhi variNata hai / isameM vivAha ke liye zubhamuhUrta, tIrthaGkaroM evaM devagaNoM kA pUjana tathA pati patnI ke paraspara kartavya kramazaH padyoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isameM dohA, moraThA, troTaka, basantatilakA, sragdharA, mandAkrAntA, pAryA mAdi chandoM kA prayoga milatA hai / mantroccAraNa saMskRta-bhASA meM hai, parantu 1. vahI, 4138.40 2. vahI, 5 // 18-20 3. vahI, 114 4. vahI, 5017-16 5. bahI, 1246-52 6. vahI, 2057-58 7. (ka) vahI, 13175-76 (kha) yaha grantha zrI jainasamAja, hA~sI se san 1957 I0 meM prakAzita humA hai| 8. yaha grantha digambara jaina mahilA samAja, paMjAba se san 1956 I. meM prakAzita hupA hai|

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446 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana sAmAnya nAgarikoM kI suvidhA ke liye mantroM kA anuvAda hindI meM kara diyA gayA hai / ' kartavyapatha pradarzana - isa pustaka meM 82 zIrSakoM dvArA pAThakoM ko sAmAnya vyavahAra ko zikSA dI gaI hai| zikSA ko rocaka banAne ke liye praneka kathAoMoM ko bhI prayukta kiyA gayA hai / isa pustaka meM ullikhita niyamoM ko yadi vyakti prAtmasAt kara le to vaha kalaha se dUra ho sakatA hai, aura saccA mAnava bana sakatA hai| sacitavivecana prastuta pustaka meM sacita (jIvanmukta) ghora pracitta (jIvarahita) padArthoM kA antara samajhAyA gayA hai, jisase manuSya ko kina-kina bAdya evaM peya padArthoM kA sevana karanA cAhiye ? prora kina-kina kA parityAga karanA cAhiye - yaha bAta pAThaka kI samajha meM mAsAnI se prA jAtI hai| bIca-bIca meM kundakundAcArya ke tatvArthasUtra' prAzAvara ke jainadharmAmRta' ityAdi granthoM ke uddharaNa bhI viSaya kI puSTi ke liye grahaNa kiye gaye haiM / grantha kI bhASA-zailI sarala evaM subodha hai / sAmAnya jJAna rakhane vAlA vyakti bhI isa pustaka ko par3hakara lAbha prApta kara sakatA hai / 3 svAmI 'kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma isa pustaka meM zrIjJAnasAgara ne svAmI kundakunda kA janadharmAcAyoM meM mUrdhanya sthAna nirdhArita kiyA haiM, sAtha hI unakA jIvana paricaya aura dezakAla bhI batAyA hai| strI mukti, kevala- jJAna Adi kA bhI isa pustaka meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai / TIkA kRtiyA~ tatvArtha sUtra TIkA yaha jaina dhArmikoM kA sarvamAnya zAstra grantha hai / kavivara zrIjJAnasAgara ne isakI TIkA daza adhyAyoM meM likhI hai| isa grantha ke prathama adhyAya meM samyaktva, jIba, prajIva, dravya, jJAna, nirmala mAtmA Adi kA svarUpa kramaza: variNata haiM / dUsare adhyAya meM karmoM ke upazamana, upayoga svarUpa, mana kA svarUpa evaM bheda, sthAvara 1. yaha grantha digambarajaMna samAja, hisAra se san 1947 I0 meM prakAzita hudhA hai | yaha grantha Tigambara jaina paJcAyata, kizanagar3ha, renavAla se san 1959 I0 meM prakAzita huA hai / 3. yaha grantha zrI jaina samAja, hAMsI se san 1946 I0 meM prakAzita hudhA hai / 4. isa grantha ko sajAnasiMha vimalaprasAda jaina, mujaphphara nagara ne san 1942 I0 meM prakAzita karAyA hai /

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447 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI hindI racanAeM padArtha, jIvoM ke bheda, labdhi svarUpa, indriyoM ke svarUpa, prANI kI vibhinna pravasthAna, zarIrabheda prAvi kA varNana hai / tIsare adhyAya meM bhUmi, naraka, samudra, dvIpa, deza, khaNDa, parvata, sarovara, nadiyoM, 12 prakAra ke kAloM, pakSoM, manuSya, prAyaM, jIvoM kI bhAyu prAdi kA paricaya hai / catuSaM pradhyAya meM devoM ke prakAra, svargI ke prakAra, devagaNoM kA zAsana, devagaraNoM kA prAcAra-vyavahAra, vyantara evaM unake prakAra, svargI meM rahane vAle devagaraNoM kI zrAyu bhAdi varigata haiM / pA~caveM pradhyAya meM jIva bhora prajIva kA bheda, dravya ke bheda, praraNu, skandha evaM dravya kI parivartanazIlatA kA varNana hai / chaThe adhyAya meM yoga, usake bheda, pAMca bhavrata evaM karmoM ke ATha prakAra varNita haiM / saptama adhyAya meM vrata svarUpa, paJcasamiti, paJcamahAvrata, vratI puruSa ke bheda, gharaguvratoM ke prakAra, sallekhanA, vratoM se doSoM ko dUra karanA, sacita aura pracitta padArtha kA zrantara, 11 pratimAe~, syAgonmukha zrAvaka kA prAcAra-vyavahAra prAdi variMgata haiM / prAThaveM adhyAya meM bandhena ke kAraNa evaM usake bheda bariMgata haiM / isI adhyAya meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, vAyu, nAma, gotra praura prantarAya - ye prATha karma ghAtiyA aura praghAtiyA - do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hokara prAtmA ke guraNoM kA kisa prakAra hanana karate haiM, bariMgata hai / isI adhyAya meM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki karmoM ke niSphala hone kI sthiti ko nirjarA kahate haiM / navama adhyAya meM saMvara, gupti, samiti, tapa, kSamA, mArdava, prAjaMjazauca, satya, saMyama, tyAga aura brahmacayaM dhanuprekSA, 22 prakAra ke paroSahoM, vinaya, upAdhi, dhyAna evaM usake bhedoM kA paricaya karAyA hai| pransa meM dazama adhyAya meM kA svarUpa evaM usakI prakriyA ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / san 1953 I0 ( vi0 saM 2010) ko pUrNa hone vAle isa grantha meM zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne jainadharma evaM darzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM se pAThaka ko paricita karAne kA prazaMsanIya prayAsa kiyA hai| bIca-bIca meM rocaka uddharaNoM se grantha kI darzana anya rukSatA kama kI gaI hai / 2 vibekodaya jaina- dArzanika kundakundAcArya jI kI eka prati prasiddha racanA hai-samayasAra / vivekodaya' iso 'samayasAra' kA hindI padyAnuvAda hai / isameM 10 'adhikAra' haiM, jinameM kramaza: jIba kA svarUpa, jIva ke duHkha kA kAraNa, apane ko kartA samajhane kA mithyAbhimAna, zubha-karma, prazubha-karma, rAga ityAdi kA bandhana, samyagjJAna, karmoM ko naSTa karanA, bandhana kA kAraNa, mokSa kA svarUpa evaM syAdavAda siddhAnta kA varNana hai / isa grantha meM prayukta padyoM kI saMkhyA 226 hai, ye sabhI padya pratyanta sarala bhASA meM race gaye haiM / padyoM ke pratirikta isa kRti meM jana-dharma ke 1. zrItattvArthasUtra mahAzAstra ko TIkA, pR0 saM0 181 2. yaha grantha digambara jaina samAja, hisAra se san 1058 I0 meM prakAzita humA hai /

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44 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana siddhAntoM ko hindI meM hI sarala evaM vistRta vyAkhyA bhI zrIjJAnasAgara jI ne kara dI hai|' samayasAra / prastuta anya maulika rUpa meM to kanda-kandAcArya dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM likhA gayA hai / isameM daza pradhikAra haiM, jinake nAma kramazaH jIvAjIvAdhikAra, ajIvAdhikAra, kartRkarmAdhikAra, puNyapApAdhikAra, mAnava adhikAra, saMvarAdhikAra, nirjarASi. kAra, bandhAdhikAra, mokSAdhikAra, mora sarvavizudajJAnAdhikAra hai| isa grantha meM kula 437 gAthAeM haiM aura isa grantha para jayasenAcArya ne saMskRta bhASA meM tAtparya nAma kI TIkA likhI hai / parahamAre mahAkavi prAcArya zrIjJAnasAgara ne ukta grantha ko isI tAtparyA vatti para apanI hindI TIkA likhI hai| saMskRta evaM prAkRta ko na mAnane vAle sAmAjikoM ke liye isa grantha kI yaha hindI TIkA pratIva upayogI hai / 2 - uparyakta granthoM ke atirikta jJAnasAgara kI hindI bhASA meM racita cAra racanAeM bhora haiM, jo abhI prakAzita nahIM ho pAI haiN| yahAM pratisaMkSepa meM unakA upalabdha paricaya prastuta hai :guNasundara vRttAnta yahA~ kavivara kA eka rUpaka kAvya hai| isameM rAjA zreNika ke samaya meM yuvAvasthA meM dIkSita eka veSThiputra ke guNoM kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| devAgamastotra kA hindI padyAnuvAda / yaha kramazaH jaina gajaTa meM prakAzita huA hai|5 kintu pAja yaha manupalabdha hai| niyamasAra kA padyAnuvAda yaha bhI kramaza: jaina gajaTa meM prakAzita humA hai, kintu prAja yaha anupalabdha hai| praSTapAra kA padyAnuvAda yaha kramazaH 'zreyomArga' meM prakAzita humA hai, kintu prAja yaha bhI anupalabdha hai| ... zrIjJAnasAgara kI uparyukta sabhI racanAmoM ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unameM saMskRta bhASA meM sAhitya racane kI jitanI kSamatA hai, sarala hindI bhASA meM bhI racanA karane meM yaha utanI hI kSamatA rakhate haiN| unhoMne apane aSaka parizrama se jaina-darzana evaM sAhitya meM prapUrva pati kI hai| 1. isa anya ko bAbU vizvambharadAsa jaina, hisAra ne, san 1947 meM prakAzita karAyA hai| 2. yaha grantha digambara jaina samAja, majamera se san 1966 I. meM prakAzita hamA hai| 3. paM0 horAlAla sidAntazAstrI, bAhubalI sandeza, pR0 saM0 13-14 dayodayacampU, prastAvanA, pR0 saM0 pa / 5. vahI, - vahI, vahI, pR0 sN06| vahI, vahI, vhii| 7. vahI. bahI, vahI, vahI / 4S ** vahI,

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tRtIya pariziSTa mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI sUktiyA~ apanI bAta ko prabhAvapUrNa banAne ke lie vAgvidagdha vyakti bIca-bIca meM kucha aise vAkya kaha detA hai, jinakA zrotA para vizeSa prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha inase bahAra ko zikSA grahaNa karatA hai mora inheM yAda rakhatA hai| kAvya ke 'kAntAsammitopadeza' rUpa prayojana ke lie bhI ina sUktiyoM kA viziSTa mahattva hai| prata kavi bhI yathAsthAna apane kAvyoM meM inakA prayoga karatA hai / prasmadAlocya mahAkavi bIjJAnasAvara ne bhI apane sabhI saMskRta kAvya granthoM meM inakA prayoga sthAnasthAna para kiyA hai / inake bhAva-kauzala kA paricaya dene vAlI sUktiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM : : kra0saM0 sUkti 1. pragadenaMba nireti roga: 2. aneka zaktyAtmakavastu tattvam / 3. pranyasya doSe svidavAgvisargaH / 4. prakriyAkAritayAstu vastu / 5. prasuhatAviva dIpazikhAsvaraM zalabha prAnipatatyapa samvaram 6. graho jagatyAM sukRtaM kakhanta te rabhISTasiddhiH svayameva jAyate / granthanAma vorodama vIrodaya borodaya vIrodaya jayodaya jayodaya jayodaya sudarzanodaya bIrodaya 7. graho durantA bhavasambhavA'vaniH / 8. graho durArAdhya iyAn paro janaH / C. graho marImati kilAkalatraH / 10. maho mAyAvinAM mAyA mA yAt sukhataH sphuTam / jayodaya 11. aho sajjana samAyogo hi janatAmApadudartA | jayodaya 12. prAcAra evAbhyudayapradeza: / vIrodaya 13. prAtmA yathA svastha tathA parasya / vIrodaya 14. indriyANi vijityaMva jagajjettvamApnuyAt / vIrodaya borodama 15. indriyANAM tu yo dAsaH sa dAso jagatAM bhavet / 16. uccAsito'rkAya rajaH samUhaH patecchirasyeva... / vIrodaya lokasaMkhyA 5 / 31 168 1838 1.68 25/25 23036 23 / 16 1142 6 / 35 74 2344 724 7/6 8 / 37 6 / 37 16/5

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17. unmArgagAmI nipatedanacche / 18. upadruto'pyeSa tarU rasAlaM phalaM zrapatyaGgabhute trikAlam / 16. urarIkriyate na ki vikAya kalikAmrasya zucistu sampradAyaH ? 20. Rte tamaH syAtvava raveH prabhAva: ? 21. Rddhi vA rajanIva gacchati vanI / 22. kadA haretprArthayataH pipAsAM sa cAtakasyAmbuda itthamAzA / 23. karotyanUDhA. smayakautukaM naH / 24. karttavyamaJcet satataM prasannaH / 25. karpUrakhaNDAdiSu satsu so'ramaznAtmaho vahnikaraNAMzcakora: / 26. kartre svayaM karma phaledihAtaH samasti garte khanakasya pAtaH / 27. kalinu varSAvasaro'yamastu / 28. kasmaM bhavetkaH sukhaduHkhakartA svakamaMto'GgIparipAkabhartA / 26. kA gatinizi hi dIpakaM vinA ? 30. ki kardatanmayA bodhi koDazo mayi vIratA ? 31. ki mallimAlA baghate kuzeNa ? 32. kintu sambhAlanIyAnAM sambhAlanantu karttavya masti / 33. kinnAma mUlyaM balavikramasya ? 34. kinnu khalu zagAlo'pi paJcAnanatanayAyA bharttA bhavitumarhatIti ? 35. kintu kAkagatamapyupAzramatyatra haMsavat kucitAzayaH ? 36. kimu bIjavyabhicAri ma kura: ? 37. kimu sambhavatAnmodo modake parabhakSite ?. 38. kilApatkAle maryAdA nAstIti / 39. kUpake ca rasako'pyupekSyate ? 40. kRtajJatAM te khalu nirvahantitamAma samyopyamalAstu santi / vIrodaya vIrodaya jayodaya vIrodaya vIrodaya jayodaya sudarzanodaya vIrodaya jayodaya dayodaya vIrodaya vorodaya jayodaya vIrodaya jayodaya dayodaya vIrodaya dayodaya jayodaya sudarzanodaya vIrodaya dayodaya jayodaya. jayodaya 1842 1 / 12 12/26 1118 6 / 37 1938 2 / 21 37/10 16 / 36 218 4/6 16 / 10 2162 10/28 20/35 20 saM0 16. 18 / 4 30 saM0 52 26 35 81 20 0 saM0 19 2016 15/3

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mahAkavi mAnasAvara ko sUktiyAM 41. kRtinA sveSTasampattaye samupAyaH kartavya eva / dayodaya pa0 saM055 42. ko nAma bAJchanca nizAcaratvam ? borodaya . 136 43. koSakavAmbAmanusandadhAnA vezyApi bhASeva kavIzvarANAm / vIrodaya 2144 4. sva nilayo'nilayogyavihAriNaH kimayaM nAma samavicAriNaH ? / jayodaya 45. samitottamAGga eva karakopanipAtaH sambhAvyate / dayodaya zapa0 saM0 103 46. balu doSagaNo'pi guNo hi bhaveniratAyasamaSTi . banasya bhve| jayodaya . 23 // 32 47. gataM na zocyaM viduSA samastu gantavyamevAayaNIyavastu / borodaya 14134 48. gAyaka eva jAnAti rAgo'trAyaM bhavediti / / vIrodaya 12 // 2 46. gAvastaNamivAraNyemisaranti navaM navam / jayodaya 2 / 146 50. guNabhUmihaM bhvediniittaa| borodaya 75 51. guNaM banasvAnubhavanti santaH / vIrodaya 1 / 14 52. guNisamprayogataH guNI bhavedeva jano'vanAvitaH / zrIsamudradatta 8 / 10 r 24 // 98 6 / 12 1414. Tr. . 53. gRhacchidaM parIkSyatAm / mazanodaya 54. cintAmariNa prApya naraH kRtArthaH kimeSa na syAdviditAkhilA:? jayodaya 55. cintAratnaM samutkSiptaM kaakoddddaaynhetve| dayodaya 56. balejinIpatravadA bhinna: sarvatra sa braahmnnsmpdnggH| vIrodaya 57. jitvA'kSANi samAvasediha jagajjetA sa maatmpriyH| . . vIrodaya 58. majhAnilo'pi ki tAvat kampayenmeruparvatam ? vIrodaya : 56. tathApi yasyAbhiruciyaMto bhavennivAryate ki khalu .. sA javaMjave? zrIsamudradattacarita 69. tapati bhUmitale tapane tamaH parihatI kimu dopa- , .. pariSamaH ? 11. tAvadUSaraTake kilAphale kA prasaktiruditA nirkhte| jayodaya 12. vinsa vApAraparaH sdaa'yNH| . . sudarzanodaya . 11. tulyAvasthAna sarvapAm / vIrodaya 16 / 27 1 // 36 47 _jayodaya . 25 25 6. 1743.

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452 64. devaM nihatya yo vijayate tasyAtra saMhArakaH kaH sthAta ? | mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya - eka pradhyayana 65. doSAnuraktasyaH khalasya ceza, kAkArilokasya ca ko vizeSa: ? / 66. daujaMgyaM yadanyeSAM pathaprasthAyinAmapi kilApakaraNam / 67. dharmAnukUlA jagato'stu nItiH / 68. dharmAmbuvAhAya na kaH sapakSI ? 69. dhAnyamasti na vinA tRNotkaram / 70. ghImatAM... ghiyA kimasAdhyam ? 71. na kAcidanyA pratibhAti bhikSA / 72. na ko'pi kasyApi babhUva vazyaH / 73. nAnuvartini vo pratiyAte dIpake matirudeti vibhAte / 78. nityaM vibhAvamayadoSavizodhanAya paruhasya purataH zazino'bhyupAyaH / 76. nimbAdayazcandanatAM labhante zrIcandanadroH prabhavantu ante / 80. nirgate'vasare pazcAt kutazca na bhavedataH ? 81. nihanyate yo hi parasya hantA / 82. nItireva hi balAbalIyasI / vIrodaya jayodaya 74. nAmbudhau makarato'ritA hitA / jayodaya 75. nAroM vinA kaba naracchAyA niHzAkhasya taroriva / vIrodaya I 76. nArthasya dAso yazasazca bhUyAt / vIrodaya 77. nityaM yaH puruSAyatAmAdaravAn vIro'sako samprati / vIrodaya 83. naMba lokaviparItamaJcitaM zuddhamapyanumatihIzituH / 84. pativratAnAM khalu sampadApadaM niSevate yAti tathApadA''padam / 85. parasya zoSAya kRtaprayatnaM kAkaprahArAya yayaMva ratnam / 86. parasyApAta eva syAddigAndhyamiti gacchataH / vIrodaya dayodaya vIrodaya sudarzanodaya jayodaya jayodaya vIrodaya vIrodaya jayodaya vorodaya dayodaya vIrodaya jayodaya jayodaya jayodaya vIrodaya vorodaya 1020 1 / 20 6 pR0 saM0121 22042 4|17 2 / 3 4|33 5 / 4 1138 5 / 23 2 / 70 8 / 24 183 / 7 22/33 20 / 10 14/45 4|17 16 / 7 7/80 2 / 15 20/65 14533 8 / 15

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI sUktiyA~ 87. parAdhikAre tvayanaM yathA'pannijAdhikArAc cyavanaM ca pApam / 88. prayojanAdhInaka vandatastu vilokate kvApi jano na vastu / 86. pAtAstu pUjyo jagatAM samastu / 60. pApapravRttiH khalu garhaNIyA / 6. pApAda ghRNA kintu na pApavargAd / 62. pApAdapetaM vidadhIta cittam / 63. pApaM vimucyaMva bhavetpunItaH svarNaM ca kiTi yAti / 67. pIDA mamAnyasya tatheti / 68. pItaM mUlena pAnIyaM phale vyaktI bhavatyaho / 66. pIyUSaM nahi zeSaM pivanneva sukhAyate / 100 phalatISTa satAM ruciH / pratipAti hotaH / vIrodaya 4. prAyaH prAgbhavabhAvinyo prItyaprItI ca dehinAm / sudarzanodaya 65. prAyo'smin bhUtale puMso bandhanaM strInibandhanam / vorodaya 96. vilinimUlatAtitheSTadezaM zizuko'pi 101 balIyasI saMgatireva jAte / 102. bhavati dIpakato'JjanavatkRtinaM niyamA khalu kAryapaddhatiH / 103. bhAle vizAle duritAntakAle bhavanti bhAvA ramiNAM ramAsu / 104. mativibhinnA pratidehi jAyate tathA gatistasya kilAtAM mate / 105. manasvI manasi svIye na sahAyamapekSate 106. manuSyatA hyAtmahitAnuvRttinaM kevalaM svasya sukhe pravRttiH / 107. mahAtmanAmapyanuziSyate dhRtiraho nayAvadvinireti vIrodaya jayodaya bIrodaya saMsRtiH / 108. mito hi bhUyAdamavo'pi semya: / 106. muJce dahantAM paratAM samaJcet / 110 muhuraho svadate jvalitAgharaH svidabhilASavaro maricIM naraH / vIrodaya vIrodaya vIrodaya vIrodaya dayodaya dayodaya sudarzanodaya vIrodaya jayodaya jayodaya zrIsamudradatta caritra vIrodaya vIrodaya jayodaya vIrodaya vorodaya jayodaya 453 417 27152 16 / 7 14 / 22 1787 17 / 23 17 / 7 4 / 16 8 / 30 4|5 14/37 5 / 14 1 / 25 3143 2114 hA81 21188 4|5 10/37 17/6 23 / 36 Aja 18/38 25 / 24

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* mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka adhyayana 111. mUrdhnA na vAhyate bhUmI vahanIyaM kimindhanam ? dayodaya 112. mUlaM vinA skandha uta cchadAvA bhittistadasyAzca paricchadA thA / 113. mUlocchedaM vinA vRkSaH punarbhavitumarhati / 114. mUlyaM maraNeH sammaNimAraNavo hi kuryAtkRto dAru bharAvarohI / 115. maGgalakarmaNi dIrtha sUtratA... nobitaa...| 116. yava patitaM muzalaM tatreva kSemaM kuzalaM ca / 117. yadaGkurotpAdana kRdghanAgamaH phalatyaho tacca zaratsamAgamaH / 110. vahniH ki zAntimAyAti kSipyamANena dAruNA ? sarojalam / 122. vipatsu sampatsviva tulyatevamaho taTasthA mahata deva / dayodaya jayoMdaya sudarzanodaya 11. vAmAM gatihi vAmAnAM ko nAmAveSu tAmita: ? jayodaya 120. vAvindureti khalu zuktiSu mauktikatvam / 121. vArSikaM jalamapIha nirmalaM kathyate kila jarna: sudarzanodaya jayodaya 123. vivecanAyAha na nItimAniti, dadAti vaktu N prativAdine sthitim / 124 belAtigAnandapayodhivRddhirlokasya mo kasya puna: jayodaya vIrodaya samRddhiH / 125. ramaNIramaraNIyatvaM patirjAnAti no pitA / 126 rasodayAkAGkSi mano manasvinAm / 127. raso'gadaH sragiva pAradena / jayodaya 130. lohopapAzvaM SadA'Jcati hemasatyam / 131. zakyameva sakalevidhoyate ko nu nAgamaNimA ptumudyatet ? 132. zapati kSudrajanmAno vyarthameva virodhakAn / satyAgrahaprabhAveNa mahAtmA tvanukUlayet // 133. zirasi sannihitAMzchagalo balAdapi ghuto'sti mudA yavatandumAn / dayodaya jayodaya jayodaya jayodaya jayodaya borodaya 128. vAcchA vandhyA satAM nahi / vIrodaya 126. vibheti maraNAddIno na dono'yAmRta sthitiH / bIrodaya sudarzanodaya jayodaya vIrodaya 3 / 7 jayodaya 16/38 13/36 1964 4|0 saM0 83 40 saM0 19 23 / 38 ey 2 / 152 4 30 zrIsamudradattacaritra 4|1 233 15/2 11 / 63 28/83 2468 14 / 44 cAra 10 / 31 4|30 2 / 16 10 / 34 25 / 36

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI sUktiyA~ 134. zrotravadviralo loke bahiH chidraM prakAzayan / zRNoti sukhato'nyeSAmucitAnucitaM vacaH || 135. satsamprayogavazato'GgavatAM mahattvam / 136. saJcaredeva sarvatra vihAyoccayamIraNaH // 137. satyAnuyAyinA tasmAtsaMgrAhyastyAga eva hi / 138. samastu pitRnanubAlacAraH / 136. sampatati zirasyeva sUryAyoccAlitaM rajaH / 140. samucchritAzeSaparicchado'pi pramutra siddhye duritakalopI / 141. samantatodhiSNya kulAkulA vA jyotiSmatI rAtrirutendubhAvAt / 142. saheta vidvAnapade kRto rataH / bIrodaya sudarzanodaya saheran / 151. svAtantryeNa hi ko ratnaM tyaktvA kAca sameSyati ? 1018 4/30 10 / 11 13/36 zrIsamudradattacaritra 1 / 12 sudarzanodaya |36 borodaya jayodaya jayodaya vIrodaya vIrodaya vIrodaya 143. sutamAtra eva sukhadastIrthezvare kimpunaH ? 144. sugandhayuktApi suvarNamUrtiH / 145. sUcyA na kAryaM khalu kartarItaH / 146. sUryodaye kA khalu corabhItiH ? 147. svapnavRndamaphalaM na jAyate / 148. svasthitaM nAJjanaM vetti vIkSyate'nyasya lAJchanam cakSuryathA tathA lokaH paradoSaparIkSakaH // 146. svArthAccyutiH svasya vinAzanAya / 150. svabhAvato ye kaThinAH saheran kutaH parasyAbhyudayaM sudarzanodaya vorodaya jayodaya vIrodaya vorodaya vodaya sudarzanodaya jayodaya 152. skhalatyalaM ceduSaghAtatastu tadatra kinte khalu doSavastu / jayodaya 153. svatA kutaH syAtparatAmutarte gatasya karttA. vipateddhi garte / jayodaya 154. hiMsA sadUSayati hindUriyaM niruktiH / vorodaya 155. hRSIkAriNa samastAni mAdyanti pramadAzrayAt / vorodaya 455 18/40 1 / 35 2142 462 1 / 35 17 / 3 16 / 110 4/61 10/7 17 / 11 2 / 44 715 26 / 32 1674 22 / 13 8 / 31

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caturtha pariziSTa mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI anyakRta prazastiyA~ the jJAnasAgara guru, mama prANa pyAre the pUjya sAdhu gaNa se, budha mukhya nyAre / zAstrAnusAra calate, mujhako calAte vandU unheM binaya se zira ko jhukAte / / ___-'smArikA' (Souvenir) meM prAcArya zrIvidyAsAgara / guro ! dala-dala meM maiM thA phaMsA, moha pAza se huA thA kasA / baMdha chur3AyA diyA prAdhAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 1 // pApa paMka se pUrNa lipta thA, moha nIMda meM sucira supta thaa| tumane jagAyA kiyA upacAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 2 // mApane kiyA mahAn upakAra, pahanAyA mujhe ratanatrayahAra / hue sAkAra mama saba vicAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 3 // maiMne kucha na ko tava sevA, para tumase milA miSTa mevA / yaha guruvara kI garimA apAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 4 // nija dhAma milA, vizrAma milA, saba milA ura samaMkita padma khilaa| pare ! guruvara kA vara upakAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 5 // aMSa thA, bahira pA, thA maiM ajJa, die nayana va karaNa banAyA vijJa / samajhAyA mujhako samayasAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 6 // moha mala dhulA, ziva dvAra khulA, pilAyA nijAmRta ghulA, ghulaa| kitanA thA guruvara ura udAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 7 // pravRtti kA paripAka saMsAra, niyati nitya sukha kA bhaMDAra / kitanA maulika pravacana tumhAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 8 // ravi se bar3hakara hai kAma kiyA, janagaNa ko bodha prakAza diyaa| cira RNI rahegA yaha saMsAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra || sva para hita tama likhate grantha, prAcArya upAya the nigrNny| tuma sA mujhe banAyA panavAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 10 //

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI sUktiyA~ 40 indriya damana kara, kaSAya zamaraNa, karata, nizadina nija meM hI ramaraNa / kSamA thA taba suramya zRGgAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 11 // bahu kaSTa sahe, samanvayI rahe, pakSapAta se nita dUra rahe | cUMki tumameM yA sAmya saMcAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 12 // muni gAve tava guraNa-garaNa - gAthA, jhuke tava pAda meM mama mAthA / calate calAte samayAnusAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra || 13|| -- , tuma ye dvAdazavidha tapa tapate, pala-pala jinapa nAma-japa japate / kiyA dharma kA prasAra-pracAra, mana praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 14 // durlabha se milI yaha 'jJAna' sudhA, vidyA' pI ise mata kho mudhA / kahate yoM gurubara yahI 'sAra', mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // / 15 / / vyaktitva kI sattA miTA dI, use mahAsattA meM milA dI / kyoM na ho prabhu se sAkSAtkAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 16 // karake zikSA dI sallekhanA, zabdoM meM ho na ullekhanA / sura nara kara rahe jaya-jayakAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 17 // prAdhi nahIM thI, thI nahIM vyAdhi, jaba zrApane lI parama samAdhi / aba tumheM kyoM na vare zivanAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 18 // merI bhI ho isavidha samAdhi, zeSa, toSa naze, doSa upAdhi / mama AdhAra sahaja samayasAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 6 // jaya ho ! jJAnasAgara RSirAja, tumane mujhe saphala banAyA bhAja | maura ika bAra karo upakAra, mama praNAma tuma karo svIkAra // 20 // - smArikA meM pR0 saM0 52-53 para prAcArya zrIvidyAsAgara | 3. zrIlAla jI vaidya ne mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko laukika puruSa na mAnakara, saMtApahArI deva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne sanAtanadharmiyoM ke hI samAna mahAkavi ke SoDazopacArakalpa pUjana kA vidhAna kiyA hai| sAtha hI unake pUjana ke lie unhoMne bhajanoM kI bhI racanA kI haiN| kramazaH pUjanavidhi evaM bhajana prastuta Ai doU kara joru hAtha svAmI, caraNa navAU mAtha / tiSTha tiSTha tiSTha, nAtha // * hRdaya vAsa karo, dIna dukhI dukhayArA, tuma vina phiratA mArA-mArA, yAse lInA nAtha sahArA, du:kha kA nAza karo / svAmI karma bar3e baladAI, inane durgati adhika banAI, inase pAra na merI jAI, inakA nAza karo // aisI ghoTa pilAI bUTI, sArI jJAna nidhi mama lUTI, jase hRdaya kI bhI phUTI, ghara prakAza karo //

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YE OM hrIM zrI munirAja jJAnasAgara pratra bhavatara saM bISaT / OM hrIM zrI munirAja jJAnasAgara pratra tiSTha tiSTha tiSTha / OM hrIM zrI munirAja jJAnasAgara matra mama sannihito bhava bhava vaSaT / X X X OM hrIM bhI munijJAnasAgara janma jarA mRtyu vinAzanAya jalaM nivedayAmi svAhA / 4. mahAkavi zAmasAgara ke kAvya - eka adhyayana X OM hrIM zrI munijJAnasAgara bhavatApavinAzAya candanaM nivedayAmi svAhA / X X X OM hrIM zrI munijJAnasAgara prakSayapadaprAptaye prakSataM nivedayAmi svAhA / X X OM hrIM bhI munijJAnasAgara kAmavANavidhvaMsanAya puSpaM nivedayAmi svAhA / + + + OM hrIM zrI munijJAnasAgarakSudhArogavinAzanAya naivedyaM nivedayAmi svAhA / + + + OM hrIM zrI munijJAnasAgara mohAndhakAravinAzanAya dIpaM nivedayAmi svAhA / + + + OM hrIM zrI munijJAnasAgara bhraSTakarmadahanAya dhUpaM nivedayAmi svAhA / + + + OM hrIM zrI munijJAnasAgara mokSaphalaprAptaye phalaM nivedayAmi svAhA / + + + OM hrIM zrI munijJAnasAgara pranaSyaMpadaprAptaye prathaM nivedayAmi svAhA / X X - zrIlAla jaina, vedya, hissAra, 'munipUjana', pU0 saM0 3-5 jinhoM kA darza karane ko sabhI prANo tarasate haiM / harSate nAma suna-suna kara vahI ye jJAnasAgara haiM // jagAte pAmaroM ko bhI batAte satya ziva mAraga / miTAte phUTa prApasa kI, bahI ye jJAnasAgara haiM / nahIM hai prema bhaktoM se, nahIM hai dveSa drohI se / STi hai eka sI saba para, vahI ye jJAnasAgara haiM / somya muskAna sUrata hai, saraba mRdu bana bole haiN| kapaTa prabhimAna nahIM jinake, vahI ye jJAnasAgara haiM / / nahIM ghaTavI bhayAnaka hai, nahIM maraghaTa DarAvana haiM / nahIM ahi vyAghra kI zaGkA, vahI yaha zAnasAgara haiM //

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara kI sUktiyA~ 5. manekoM bhavya jIvoM ko; lagAyA satya mAraga para / yA mAgaM zAnti kA, vahI ye jJAnasAgara haiM / saheM hima dhUpa kI bAdhA, na hara tUphAna varSA kA / akampana prAtmA jinakI, vahI ye jJAnasAgara hai / / zreSTha prAdazaM sAbu haiM, macala cAritra hai inakA / bhAvamArgAnugAmI po, vahI me jJAnasAgara haiM / parIkSA kI kasoTI paraM, sAdhupana ko parala karake / sabhI ne sara namAyA hai, vahI ye jJAnasAgara haiM !! - zrIlAla jaina baMdha, hisAra ( paMjAba ), mubi - pUjana mukhapRSTha ke bhItaro bhAga para / dhanya munirAja jJAnasAgara jI, zakti nahIM guNavarNana kI / maiM dukhiyA saMsArI hai, nAva meM mAyAcArI hU~ / bigar3I dazA mere jIvana kI zakti nahIM guNavarNana kI // paMca mahAvrata dhArI ho, karo tapasyA bhArI ho / mamatA nahIM hai kucha tana kI, zakti nahIM guraNavarNana kI / / tuma prabhu para hitakArI ho, jaga-jana ke upakArI ho / phAMsI tor3I karmana kI, zakti nahIM guNavarNana kI // prabhu tuma darza dikhA denA, jJAna sudhA barasA denA / 4 * mujhe cAha nahIM hai, kucha mana kI zakti nahIM guraNavarNana kI / / tuma ziva zrAnandakArI ho, zivapura ke adhikArI ho / zaraNa lahI tuma caraNana kI, zakti nahIM guraNa-varNana kI / / - zrIlAla jaina, munipUjana, bhajana saMkhyA, pR0 saM08 munIzvara jJAnasAgara kA lagA darabAra bhArI hai / taje haiM mAta suta bhAI, tajA hai rAja vaibhava ko // tyAga kara vastra prAbhUSaraNa, digambara mudrAdhArI hai // muni || lagAkara pracala prAsana ko, dharA hai dhyAna prAtama kA / karA hai loMca kesoM kA, kamaNDala pochI dhArI hai // muni0|| gamana kareM IrSyA samiti se nirala karake prabhu bhUmi ko / kareM saba jIva kI rakSA dayA hRdaya meM dhArI hai // muni0 // dharma ke bhUpa tuma prabhu ho, ye saba prajA tumhArI hai / jJAna kI jagAkara jotI, dharma kI varSA karate haiM / muni0 // yahA~ saMyama dAna baMTatA hai, bar3e lAkhoM bhikhArI haiM / dharma pracAra hotA hai, prabhu kI vANI suna-suna ke || yaha jaya jayakAra hotI hai, yaha saba mahimA tumhAro hai // muni0 // - zrIlAlajana, 'munipUjana', bhajana saMkhyA 6, pR0 saM0 12

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7. mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana guru jJAna ke sAgara meM hama gote lagAyege. lUTeMge motI jJAna ke jaga ko luTAyeMge / / pA jAyeM inakI bhAvanA ke saMga-saMga hama, mana kA dhokara ke maila hama nimaMla bnaayeNge| * lUTeMge motii............||1|| aisI jo puNya prAtmA se prIta karake hama, guruvara ke pada pe calake hI jIvana bitaayeNge| lUTeMge motii............||2|| miTTI kI deha ko mApane kaMcana banA liyA, zraddhA ke phUla caraNoM meM hama to cddh'aayeNge| lUTeMge motii............||3|| yahI hai saccA mArga jisape cala dikhA diyA, kucha pA dikhA diyA, ura lA sandeza tumhArA, jaga ko bhI sunAyeMge, lUTeMge motI..... ....... // 4 // maranA to hai ika dina hameM, kucha karake hI mareM, aise avasara ko aba nA hama yahIM gavAyeMge, lUTeMge motii.............||5|| - zrImotIlAma paMvAra, 'bAhubalI sandeza', pR. saM0 11 6. phUla bhAvanA ke lekara ke, prAja guru maiM apaNa krtaa| zravA se nata mastaka hokara, jJAnasindhu ko vandana karatA // 1 // tuma the gaurava jaina dharma ke. karuNA kI mUrata saakaar| vizva dharma hI ise batAte. satya ahiMsA jisa prAdhAra // 2 // rAjasthAna grAma rANolI, tabalI devI ke the nanda / sAla caturbhuva gotra chAbar3A, kiyA samujjvala banakara canda / / 3 / / jala meM bhinna kamalavat rahakara, ghara meM kiyA paThana-pAThana / bAla brahmacArI raha kInA, udAsIna jIvana yApana // 4 // gRha taja sUri vIrasiMdhu saMgha, sASu varga adhyayana kraa| kSullaka ainaka krama se banakara, mani vanane kA bhAva bharA // 5 // saMvat do hajAra solaha meM, jayapura nagara khAniyAM mAMya / zivAcArya se dIkSA lekara, jJAnasiMdhu munirAja kahAya // 6 // pramaNazIla raha nagaroM gAvoM, mAtama hita upadeza diyaa| zAmasAdhanA tapazcaraNa kara, manekAnta ko puSTa kiyA // 7 //

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ko sUktiyAM hindI saMskRta prAkRta ke the, prAja guru udbhaTa vidvAn / sviSTa viSaya dhArmika prAdhyAtmika, sarala batA karavAte bhAna // 8 // anupama granyoM kI racanAkara, konA pApa parama upakAra / bhASA sarala banAkara konI, TIkA samayasAra taiyyAra || pramukha grantha meM se haiM katipaya, sahazaMnodaya' aru 'bhadrodaya' / 'vIrodaya' 'viveka' 'jayodaya'. 'zatakasArasamyaktva' 'dayodaya' // 10 // jaina samAja saMgha ekatrita, pada prAcArya nasIrAbAda / do havAra paccIsa kI saMvat, diyA harSa se kara jayanAda // 11 // kara kalyANa samAja Apane, dIne phira anupama nararatna / rahe prajvalita jJAna jyoti jo, kara zikSA dIkSA sampanna // 12 // parama ziSya muni vidyAsAgara, ailaka 'sanmati' muni 'vivek'| kSullaka saMbhava' 'vinaya'ru sukha the, hai 'svarUpa' lAkhoM meM eka // 13 // nazvara deha kSINatA lakhakara, kara dInA phira pada parityAga / 'muni vivA' prAcArya banAkara, vrata sallekhana papa paga mAga // 14 // do hajAra maru tIsa kI saMvat, mRtyu ko karake mAhvAna / kRSNa jyeSTha pramAvasa ke dina, svarga loka ko kiyA prayANa // 16 // dhanya-dhanya aise yogIzvara, baseM sadA hI 'prabhu' mana dhAma / svarga jAya jo bar3hakara Age, kareMge sidazilA vizrAma // 17 // -zrI prabhudayAla jaina, 'bAhubalI sandeza', 0 saM0 15-16 8. nigraMpamapi samanyaM sataJcApi vizrutam / jJAnasAgaranAmAnamAcAvaM binamAmyaham / / ' -pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, bAhubalI sandeza, pR0 saM0 17 10. "prA0 zAnasAgara jI mahArAja yathAnAma tathA guNa tapasvI the / ve prathama vidyAnveSI samArAdhaka the, bAda meM nirgrantha rUpadhArI mAcAravAn / " ---'smArikA' (souvenir) meM zrI hemacandra jaina / 11. "paramapUjya caritra cakravartI zrI 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja panupama jJAnanidhi tathA caritraniSTha tapasvI saadhuraajye| unakI zAnagarimA divya thii| aneka granthoM ke samarSa racayitA pujya pAcArya zrI nissandeha jJAnasAgara the|' -'bAhubalI saMdeza meM zrImAgacanda sonii|

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462 mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAmpa-eka adhyayana 12. divaMgata prAcArya zrI yathAnAma tavAnurUpa mAna ke prAgAra tavA pAtmazakti ke puMja the|' .. -bAhubalI sandeza' meM zrI cAMdamala sarAvanI pAyA / 13. 'paramapUjya bAsabrahmacArI bArimavibhUSaNa jJAnamUtti vayovaDa 108 prAcArya zrI jJAnasAgara pI mahArAja samAja kI eka nidhibii|' -zrI svarUpacanda kAsalIvAla, 'bAhubalI sandeza' 10 saM0 21 14..........ve jaina saMskRti ke hI rakSaka nahIM the, balki bhArata kI prArya saMskRti ke bhI pUrNa rakSaka the| samanvaya nIti ko sAmane rakhate hue mApane udAratApUrvaka raSTikoNa se jana dharma kI vizeSatAeM siddha kI hai| brahmacArI paM0 vivAkumAra seThI, bAhubalI sandeza, pR0 saM0 15

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paJcama pariziSTa sandarbha grantha sUcI saMskRta panya 1. mAdipurANa, bhAga-1, prAcArya jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana vArANaso, vi0 saM0 1963 / / 2. prAdipurANa, bhAga-2, pAcArya jinasena, bhAratIya mAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI vi0 saM0 1965 / . 3. pArASanA kayAkoza, brahmacArI zrI nemidatta, nemIcanda vAkalIvAna, kamala priMTasa, madanagaMja, pra. saM0 1962 / 4. uttarapurAsa, pAcArya muNabhadra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAsana, vArANasI, di. saM. 1968 / . . .. ......... 5. maucityavicAracarcA; kSemendra, polambA prakAzana, vArANasI, pra. saM. 1968 6. kavAratnAkara, hemavijayagaNi, janajanyamAlA, ahamadAbAda, pra. saM. 1940 7. kAmasUtra, vAtsyAyana, caukhamnA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI tRtIya saM0, san 1982 / . . 8. kAmbAdarza, daNDo, bhaNDArakara inasToTyuTa, panA, pra0 saM0, san 1958 / / . 9. kAmyAnuzAsana, hemacandra, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI. vi0 saM0, san 1934 / 10. kAvyamImAMsA, rAjazekhara, bihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad, paTanA, pra0 saM0, sanu 1954 11. kAvyaprakAra, mammaTa, jAnamaNDala, vArANasI. hi0 saM0, san 196. / 12. kAvyAnadhAra, bhAmaha, caukhambA prakAzana, bArANasI. pra. saM., san 1928 / 13. kAmyAlAra, ruhaTa, vAsudeva prakAzana, dillI, pra0 saM0, san 1965) 14. kAvyAmakArasUtra, vAmana, caukhambA prakAzana, kArAgaso, pra0 saM0 sam . 1971 / 15. kAmidAsa granthAvalI, anuvAdaka paM0 sItArAma caturvedI, bI gIprasAda varmA, 0 saM0, san 1932 / 16. kirAtAmunIya, bhAravi, lokabhAratI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, bi. saM., san

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464 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana 17. kuvalayAnanda, appaya dIkSita, baukhambA prakAzana, vArANasI, di0 saM0 san 1963 / 18. candraprabhacarita, vIranandI,jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, pra0 saM0, san. 1971 / 16. citrakAvyakautuka, citrakavi paNDita rAmarUpa pAThaka, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, pra0 saM0, san 1971 / / 20. chandomaJjarI, gaGgAdAsa, pokhambA prakAzana, vArANasI, 10 saM0 pan 1956 / 21. chandaHzAstra, piGgalAcArya, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, tR0 saM0 san 1938 / 22. chando'nuzAsana, hemacandra sUri, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, di0 saM0 san 1934 / 23. jayodaya, zrIjJAnasAgara, brahmacArI sUrajamala, jayapura, pra0 saM0, san 1950 / 24. jaina dharmAmata, saMpAdaka-paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha * prakAzana vArANasI, dvi0 saM0 san 1965 / 25. yodayacampU, zrIjJAnasAgara, prakAzacanda jaina, nyAvara, pra. saM0, san 1966 / / 26. dazarUpaka, dhanaJjaya, rAjakamala prakAzana, prA. li., dillI, vi0 saM0 san. 1971 / 27. dhvanyAloka, prAnandavardhana, jJAnamaNDala, vArANasI, pra0 saM0 san 1962 / . 28. nalacampU, trivikrama bhaTTa, caukhambA prakAzana, vArANasI, pra0 saM0 san 1932 / 26. nATyazAstra, bharata muni, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, prathama saM0 san 19:4 / 30. puNyAsrava kathAkoza, zrIrAmacandra mumukSa, jaina saMskRti saMgha, solApura, pra0 saM0 san 1964 / 31. bahatkapAkoza, hariSeNAcArya, siMghI jana granthamAlA, bambaI pra0saM0 / 22. bhaktirasAmRtasindhu, rUpagosvAmI, hindI vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya dillI pra0 saM0 san 1963 / / 33. rasagaGgApara, paNDitarAja jagannApa, caukhambA prakAzana, vArANasI, tRtIya saM0, san 1970 / 34. vakroktijIvita, kuntaka, caukhambA prakAzana, vArANasI, pra0saM0 san 1967 / 35. borodaya, zrImAnasAgara, prakAzacandra jaina, nyAvara, pra0 saM0, san 1968 / 36. vRttaratnAkara, kedArabhaTTa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, hi00, san 1966 /

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samaya-sI 37. cinupAyaya, mApa, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga, prathama, san 1952 / 38. bAvakAcArasaMgraha, mAna, sampAdaka-4.hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI, jaMga saMsati saMrakSaka saMgha solApura, pra. 165 . 36. bAvakAcArasaMgraha, bhAga-2, bahI, hasavama. 1976 / 4.. zrIsamudrarataritra, bIjJAnasAgara, disambara jaisavAla jaina samAja, ajamera, pra0 saM0 san 1969 / 41. samavasAra, bozAmasAgara, zivambara jaina samApha majamera, pra. saM. san 1911 / 42. samyaktvasArazataka, zrIjJAnasAgara, bo limbara mAva, hisAra, pra. 6. san 1956 / 43. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, zrImanmASavAcAyaM. cauramyA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pra. saM. san 1964 / 44. sAhityarpaNa, vizvanAtha, baDI. . san 1969 45. puparzanodaya, zrozAnasAgara, prakAzacanajaMga, pAvara, pra. saM., 1966 / 46. sunacarita, vidyAnandI, bhAratIya bhAnapITha, prakAzana, vArANasI... san 1970 / 47. suvattatilaka, kSemendra, caukhambA prakAzana, vArANasI, pra0saM0 san 1968 / 1. dravyasaMgraha, nemicandra muni, jainendra sAhitya sadana, lalitapura (jhatI) ta. . saM0 san 1974 / 2. pravacanasAra, zrIjJAnasAgara, zrImahAvIra sAjhAA , pATanI, kizanagar3ha, renavAla, . pra0saM0 1972 / / 3. sudaMtaNacarita, muni mayanandI, prAkRta, janazAstra paura pahiMsA sopasaMsthAna sAsI (bihAra), pra. saM. 1970 / hindI grantha 1. pagnipurANa-kAmbazAstrIya bhAga, sampAraka-rAmalAla varmA, nezanala pamlizina hAusa, dillI, pra0 saM0 1969 / . 2. bhAvavAra, zrIjJAnasAgara, zrI digambara jaina samAja, madanabaMdha, pra. saM. san 1957 / 3. kartavyapathAvarjana, bIjJAnasAgara, zrI digambara jaina paMcAyata visanagar3ha nivAna tu.saM. 1959 4. bAbamanI, ga. bhagIrapa miSa, hindI samiti, sUcanA vibhAga, masanaka, pra0saM0. sana 1966

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya-eka adhyayana 5. kAvyazAstra, DA0 bhAgIratha mizra, vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI, ta. saM0, san 1966 / '. 6. kAvyadarpaNa, vidyAvAcaspati paM0 rAmadahina mizra, granyamAlA kAryAlaya, paTanA. 4 dvi0 saM0 san 1951 / 7. jaina vivAha vidhi, zrIjJAnasAgara. di. jaina samAja, hisAra, pra0 saM0 san 1947 / 8. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI, sAhityamAlA ThAkura dvAra, bambaI dvi0 saM0 san 1956 / 6. jaina darzana aura prAdhunika vijJAna, muni zrInAgarAja, AtmArAma eNDa sansa, dillI, pra0 saM0 san 1956 / 10. jaina dharma, kailAzacandrazAstrI, janasaMgha, mathurA, pra0 saM0, san 1948 11. jana sAhitya kA vahad itihAsa. bhAga-1, vecaradAsa doSI, bI0 eca0 yU0, vArANasI, pra0 saM0, san 1948 / / 12. jaina sAhitya kA bRnda itihAsa, bhAga-2, DA. jaina tathA DA0 mehatA, bI. eca0 yU0, vArANasI, pra0 saM0 / / 13. tattvArthamUtra TIkA, zrozAnasAgara, digambara jaina samAja, hisAra, pra0 saM0. 14. tila kamajaro : eka samosAtmaka adhyayana, DA0. harinArAyaNa dIkSita, . bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI-3, pra0 saM0 1982 / 15. pavitra mAnava jIvana, zrIjJAnasAgara, zrI digambara jaina mahilA samAja, paMjAba, pra0 saM0. 1956 / / 16. bhAgyodaya (bhAgyaparIkSA), zrIjJAnasAgara, zrI janasamAja, hAMsI, pra0 saM0, - san 1945 / 17. bhAratIya kAvyazAstra, udayabhAnu siMha, sAmayika prakAzana, dillI-6 18. bhAratIya darzana, baladeva upAdhyAya, nAgarI mudraNAlaya, kAzI. 1STha saM0, san 1960 / 19. bhAratIya darzana, umeza mizra, bhArgava bhUparaNa presa. vArANasI. dvi0 saM0 san 1964 / 20. munipUjana, zrIlAla jaina vaidya, hissAra, zrImatI kamalAdevI jaina vaghAla (jayapura) pra0 saM0 1664 / 21. rasamomAMsA, rAmacandra zukla, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, caturtha saM0, san " 1966 / 22. rAgavijJAna, paM0 vinAyakarAva paTavardhana, saGgIta gaurava granthamAlA, puNe-2 (mahArASTra), saptama saM0 lan 1967 / '

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI 467 23. vivekIdaya, zrIjJAnasAgara, bAbU vizvambharadAsa jaina, hisAra, pra0 saM0 san 1647 / 24. vIrazAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya, DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara evaM DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana nayI dillI. pra0 saM0 san 1675 / 25. zAstrIya samIkSA ke siddhAnta ( prathama bhAga), DAM0 govinda triguNAyata, bhAratIya sAhitya mandira phavvArA, dillI, pra0 saM0 26. sacitra vivecana, zrIjJAnasAgara, zrI jaina samAja, hAMsI, pra0 saM0, san 164H / 27. samIkSA zAstra sItArAma caturvedI, vikrama pariSad, kAzI, pra0 saM0 san 1654 / 28. saGgIta konudI, vikramAditya siMha nigama, harinagara (lakhanaU), ca0 saM0 san 1667 / 26. saGgIta pravINa darzikA, paM0 nArAyaNa lakSmaNa guNe, purA, DhAkU, kITagaMja, ilAhAbAda- 3, dvi0 saM0 san 1972 / 30. saGgIta vizArada, vasanta, saGgIta kAryAlaya, hAyarama, sa0 saM0. san 2068 / 31. saGgItazAstra darpaNa, zAnti govardhana, pAThaka pablikezana, 27 mahAjanI TolA, ilAhAbAda- 3, dvi0 saM0, san 1973 32. saMskRta pAlocanA, baladeva upAdhyAya, bhArgava bhUSaraNa presa, bArANasI, pra0 saM0, san 1957 / 33. saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa, pI0 vI0 kAraNe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, pra0 saM0 san 1956 / 34. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, baladeva upAdhyAya, zAradA mandira, vArANasI, 0 saM0 san 1968 / 35. svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jainadharma, zrIjJAnasAgara, khajAna siMha vimala prasAda jaina, mujaphpharanagara, pra0 saM0 san 1942 / 36. hindustAno saGgIta paddhati, paM0 viSNunArAyaNa bhAtakhaNDe, saGgIta kAryAlaya, hAtharasa ( u0 pra0), pra0 saM0 san 1963 / vividha pANDulipi 1. zrI sudarzanacarita, bhaTTAraka zrI sakalakIrti, paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAnta zAstrI vyAvara san 1584 |

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mahAkavi bhAnasAgara ke kAma-eka adhyayana zoSa-pAya 1. saMskRta hindI zana koza, bAmana zivarAma prApTe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI, fr. saM0 san 1966 / patra-patrikAeM 1. jaina mitra, mazAta, jaina prakAzana, sUrata, maprela, san 1966 ii.| 2. jana gajaTa (sAptAhika), ga. paM0 lAlabahAdurazAstrI, zrIbhAratavarSIya . digambara jaina mahAsabhA, ajamera, maI, san 1975 ii0| 3. jaina siddhAnta (mAsika prapatra), zrI indra prabhAkara jaina, paM. campAlAba jana, vizArada, nasIrAbAra, jumAI, san 1970 ii0|| 4. bAhubalI sandeza (mAsika prapatra), saM0 paM. campAlAla jaina, zrIbAhubalI digambara jaina pAThazAlA, nasIrAbAda, julAI, agasta, sitambara, san 1973 5. vIrodaya (mAsika prapatra), zrI indraprabhA jaina, paM0 campAlAla jaina, vizAkha nasIrAbAda, pharavarI san 1969 ii.|| 6. saMsmaraNa-zrImAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya / munisaMgha jyavasthA samiti nasIrAbAda (rAjasthAna) san 1974 ii.| 7. smArikA, zrIdharmacandra modii| jaina munisaMgha vyavasthA samiti, byAvara, * san 197360 /

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ia praGga 20, 36, 800 84, 131, 133, 207, 206, 211,227, 228, 230, 234, 235, 306 acyutasvarga 69, 74 ajamera 8, 11, 12 pratimuktakazmazAna 75 madhyAtmataraGgiNI 15 prabhijJAnazAkuntala 166 ayodhyA 12, 23, 48, 63, 71, * 121, 234 alakA 45, 46, 104, 135. . 203, 234 avantI 51, 106, 106, 207 azvaghoSa 1, 430, 431, 433, 434 praSTapAhuDa kA padyAnuvAda 7 paTasAhasI 15 prastAvana 221 anukramaNikA WIT prAcArya nemiksa 50, 56, 101, 106, 112 prAcArya zrIdhara 231 prAnandavardhana 56 ghATe, vAmana zivarAma 43, 156, 311 prArAdhanAkathAkoza 60, 80, 86, 67, 101, 105, 106, 106, 112, 14, 115 mAryAvarta 27, 51, 226, 227 prAsanAbhidhAnavana 47, 205, 250 i indrapurI 210, 233 u ujjayinI 52, 75, 107, 111, 112, 14, 153, 104, 186, 188, 161, 114, 228, 231, 365 utararAmacarita 56 udayAcala 158, 223, 274, 281 uzIravatI 67 uSTradeza 228 R RjukUlA nadI 75, 76 RSabhadevacarita 2,6 RSabhAvatAra 7 ka kaJcanagiri 46, 200, 204 kaTanI 58 , kaTAriyA ratanalAla 57 karaNAda 1 kapila 1 karNATaka 20, 228 kartavyapathapradarzana 7 kalakattA 4 kaliGga 20, 71, 228 kalpavRkSavana 205 kAJcI 20, 306 kAtantra rUpamAmAvyAkaraNa 15 kAtyAyana 1 kAdambarI 166, 225 kApiSThasvarga 49, 100 kAbula 20 kAmasUtra 312 kAlakapura 100, 104 kAlavana 66 kAlidAsa 1, 199, 430, 431, 433, 434, 436 kAvyAdarza 120, 140 kAvyAnuzAsana 140 kAvyaprakAza 118, 25, 246,

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470 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya-eka adhyayana 247, 285, 288, 266, 301, 135 303, 304, 306, 308, 314, gaNe, nArAyaNa lakSmaNa 374 316, 322, 324, 326, 328, guNasundagvRttAnta 7 326, 37, 380 greveyakasvarga 46, 100, 135, 137, kAvyAlaGkAra 120, 315, 317 181 kAzI 3, 4, 16, 21, 24, 64, gotama 1 88, 121, 156, 160, 162, gorI 67 1.62, 2074, 228, 233, 135, 330,365 cakrapura 46, 100, 135, 163, kAzmIra 20 228, 232, 326, 365 kAsalIvAla kastUracanda 1, 4, 6, 15 caturtha naraka 100, 182 kizanagar3ha 12, 14, 16. campApurI 36, 38, 80, 81, 83, kuNDanapura 27, 30, 32, 74, 77, 88, 131, 133, 171, 1720 126, 128, 162, 163, 165, 174-176, 178, 228, 230, 163, 207, 215, 228, 230, 234, 236, 326, 365 / / 234, 236, 238, 244, 270, campUkAvya kA pAlocanAtmaka evaM 326, 365 sAhityika adhyayana 140 kuNDalapura 58....... campabhArata 438 .. kurujAGgala 60 campUrAmAyagA 438 kulAdi 202 caudharI, mUlacanda 2, 6 kuvalayAnanda 318, 321, 3.27 kUcAmana 2 kUlagrAma 75% 76 chatrapurI, 32, 234 kesaragaMja chando'nuzAsana 370 karava 20 chandomaJjarI 367, 368, 370 phailAza 68 kauzAmbI 106, 112, 234 jabalapura 58 pozala 48, 88, 66, 234 . jambUdvIpa 97, 128, 200, 210 211, 226, 227, 232, 234, gaGgA 22, 24, 60, 63, 70, 72, jayadeva 1,436 , . 81, 63, 158, 160, 204, jayabavala 205, 207, 208, 216, 221, jayapura 1,10,11 223, 226, 227, 238, 242, jayodaya 7, 12, 18, 60, 66 244, 281, 320, 330, 343 70, 74, 116-125, 126 gaGgAvAla, tArAcanda 17 133 134, 145, 148, 156 gayA 6 162, 162, 165, 200-202, gAndhAra 67. 204, 206, 208, 218-224 gItagovinda 436 .. 232 201, 343, 246,252, guNabhadra 1, 60, 66, 6, 77, 266, 285, 286, 288-262

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anukramaNikA 302-304, 306, 306, 310 . 314-316, 318, 316, 326, 323-325, 328, 330-356, 365, 372, 378-380, 382, 384, 387-386, 364, 365, 366 408, 412, 413, 416, 416 421,422,430,436,438 jinabhadra 1 jinasena 60, 69 jambhikagrAma 75, 76 jaina, mamatalAla 10 jaina, indraprabhAkara 2, 4, 8, 13 jana gajaTa 2, 4, 6, 7, 12 naMna, gaurIlAla 8 jana, campAlAla 2, 3, 6, 6, 12, 112, 114, 115, 116, 125, 134, 135, 144, 146. 143, 151, 156, 1963, 195, 165, 167, 196-201, 204-206, 206-211, 218, 219, 221, 222, 224, 225, 228, 235, 238, 240, 243, 245, 246, 261, 285, 288, 264, 296301, 303, 304, 306, 308, 310, 311, 313, 315, 317, 324-329, 364-368, 371373, 378, 382, 383, 387, 360, 362, 394-367, 400, 403-408, 412-414, 416. . 423, 425, 426, 42-431, '433, 435, 437-436.. tattvArthasUtraTokA 7 tilakamaJjarI 225 tulasI 1, 431 tripAThI, chavinAtha 140 trivikrama 140, 225, 430, 438 jaina, jaganmohanalAla zAstrI 58 jaina, devakumAra 1 jaina dharmAmRta 5, 8, 10, 408, 411, 412, 415, 416, 423, 425, 426 jaina, pannAlAla 50 jaina, prakAzacandra 3, 5, 56 jaina, prabhudayAla 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17 jainamitra 1, 3 navivAhavidhi 7 janendravyAkaraNa 15 jana, zAntisvarUpa 6 jana, zrIlAla jI 1, 8, 10, 11 janasiddhAnta 12, 14, 15 jana, hIrAlAla 10 jamini 1 jodhapura 58 . joharApurakara, vidyAdhara 1, 4, 6, daNDo 120, 140 damoha 58 . dayodayacampU 1-9, 11, 51,106, 112, 115, 11, 138, 140-143, 145, 146, 148, 1:.5, 183, 191. 193165, 207, 206, 211, 218, 26, 221-223, 227, 231, 234, 235, 237, 246, 260, 261, 282-285, 288,297300, 303-306, 308, 310, 320, 322, 321, 326, 326, 365-370, 372, 378, 381, 382, 386, 390, 393, 395, 398-407, 413-416, 418, jJAnasAgara 1, 2, 7, 10-18, 27 60,66, 76, 101,105, 106.

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472 422, 428, 430, 432, 433, 438, 439 mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya- eka pradhyayana lAla bahAdura zAstrI 2-4, 6, 7, 10, 12 paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI 1-6, 8-12, 57, 58, 60 dazarUpaka 157, 161, 163, 168 dAMtA 7 digambara janasamAja, bhyAvara, smArikA pataJjali 1 6, 13, 16, 17 dillI 8,11,234. devAmastotra kA hindI padyAnuvAda 7 padmakhaNDa 44, 67, 68, 102, 104, 176, 234 palsavadeza 228 devagiri 65 dravyasaMgraha 411, 425 pATanI, cetanaprasAda 58 pATaliputra 43, 83, 87,88, 174, 178 gha dhanapAla 225, 430 pANini 1 dharaNItilaka 46, 100, 104, pANinIya zikSA 117 234 dhAnyakamAla 65, 66, 67 dhvanyAloka 56 na dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra 408, 406, pAvanAthamandira 237 411, 412 ghavalA 26 nandanavana 206 nalacampU 140, 225, 435, 436 nasIrAbAda 2- 4, 6, 11, 13, 14, .16, 17 nAgamandira 26, 108, 113, 114, 185, 237 nATyazAstra 245, 250 nityamanohara caityAlaya 63, 71 niyamAnusAra kA padyAnuvAda 7 nirgundadeza 228 nigama, vikramAdityasiha 376 nebadha 225, 432, 433 pa paMvAra, motIlAla 13 prabhanaraka 16, 182 pAvAnagara 35, 76, 126, 234 15 cAstikAya 15 'Tavardhana, vinAyakarAva 373 DitarAja jagannAtha 118, 248 puNDarIkilo 32, 65, 67, 74, 234 puNyasravakathAkoza 60, 806 86, 114, 115 puSkariNI 32, 65 puSkala 32, 228 puSkalAvatI 65, 74 pRthvI tilaka 50, 100 podanapura 32, 45, 16, 234 prabhAtanagara 100, 104 prameyaratnamAlA 15 pravacanasAra 7, 116, 146 pha phatehapura 11 phulerA 11 baGga 20 bambaI 234 bANabhaTTa 166, 225 430 bAhubalI sandeza 2, 3, 5-17 bRhatkathAkoza 60, 80, 83, 86, 86-63, 67, 101-106, 106, 112-115, 130, 135, 141 belagA~va (jilA) 22

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dhanukramaNikA byAvara 11, 13, 16, 17, brahmaloka 65 x bhaktirasAmRtasindhu 248 bhadrodaya 138, 203-201 bharatamuni 1, 248, 210 bharatakSetra 48, 46, 60, 17, 19, 128, 227, 232, 328 bhavabhUti 1, 5 bhAgyodaya 7 bhAtakhaNDe, viSNunArAvaNa 375 bhAskarapura 46, 104, 234 nUrAmaMsa 2-6, 8-10 bhogapura 67 ma maGganAvatI deza 228 bhAmaha 1, 120 ya bhAratavarSa 1, 27, 36, 44, 43, mazastimakacampU 406, 410, 438 Rs 120, 202, 203, 207, 210, 211, 213, 226, 234, 216 bhAravi 430, 431, 433, 434 madhurA 234 madanagaMja 12, 16 madhubana 74 madhyapradeza 25 manasurapura manoharabana 47, 75, 76,78 mammaTa 1, 115, 245-248, 377380 mahApurANa 60, 62-74, 76-80, 114, 115 116, 121, 125, 135 mahAbanda mahAbuka svayaM 32, 46 mAgha 430, 431, 431-435 mAnavabIbana 7 mAlaya 20, 31, 206, 211, 227, 231, 234, 235, 320 mAhendrasvayaM 32, 77 mithilA 234 mumi nayananvi 80, 83, 86, 13, 115 muni nemicandra 412, 412, 425 mumipUjana 1, 6, 8, 10, 11 munimanoraJjanazataka 7, 56-18, 112, 143-145, 16, 166 muragAsavatI 66 aa ma maMsUra 12,228 modI, dharmacanda 6 Yo! ratnadvIpa 45-47, 17, 101-103, 136, 17, 211 rasaGgAvara 118, 248 rAjakarupamA kura 375 rAjavijJAna 373 rAnI 1, 2, 5 rAjagRha 32, 76, 83, 234 rAjasthAna 1, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 57 rAmagar3ha 7 rAmacandra mumukSa 80, 86 rAmAyaNa 59 rAmacaritamAnasa 431 phATa 315. 316 rUpayosvAmI 148 renavAla 2, 14 raurava naraka 31 mAntava svayaM 32 yAdeza 26 varSaka 66 371, 376 vArasyAyana 112

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mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAmya- eka adhyayana .8o vArANasI 3, 4, 12, 60,61, 70, vRttaratnAkara 368, 366, 371 ddha 48 vAlmIki 56 vyAsa 1 vijayAddhaparvata 45, 46, 65, 67, 100, 126, 135, 200, 203, zAntigovardhana 376 - 226, 327. 328 zizupAlavagha 434 videha 35, 27,65, 74, 16, zizapA 51,106, 184 207, 206, 226, 228, 2340 ziprA 51, 52, 106, 106, 141,. 329 207 vidyAnandi 80, 60 zirISagrAma 106 vindhyapurI 64,68 zobhAnagara 64 vindhyavana 88, 66 vipulAcala 76. .. .. vimalakAntAravana 18 zrAvakAcArasaMgraha 6, 408-412, vivekodaya 7. .. / 424. vizAlA 106 . zrIjJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA saMkSipta vizvanAtha 120, 140, 246, 248, jalana paricaya 2-4, 6, 11, 11, * 250, 286 14, 15, 17 vizvalocanakoza 231 zrIdhavala vorodaya (mAsika) 2.4,8-11, 13 zrIpura 67 vIrodaya (mahAya) 3, 5, 7, 11, zrI parvata 26, 200, 302, 204 27, 74, 7.5.8.', 114, 111, zramadAna caritra 7, 44, 67, 116, 126-126, 133, 134, 102-1.6, 114, 155, 119, 145, 148, 146, 162.167, 134-138, 145, 146, 148, 162, 16, 165, 200.203, 150, 176-183, 163-165, 205, 207, 206.211, 213- 204. 211, 232, 234, 237, 218, 220, 221, 226, 228- 246, 258-260, 276, 280, 230, 234-238, 242, 246, 281, 282, 285, 287, 288, 252-254, 270.273, 285, 266, 267, 300, 302-305, 262-264, 302, 303, 105, 307, 308, 310, 320, 323, 307, 306, 310, 316, 317, . 325, 327, 365-366, 378, 316, 322-324, 326-326 381, 382, 285, 386, 36., 356-362, 465-370, 376- 362, 385,400-400, 412380,381,382,384,487,365, 414, 421, 422, 425, 428, 367-396, 401, 403-403, 430, 433, 437 412, 414, 418-423, 425. zrIsvarUpAnanda 13, 15 430, 432-436, 438 .... zrIharSa 225, 430, 431, 433, vIrazAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya 1, 4, 434 zrutabodha 370

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zranukramaNikA SaNDavana 211, 213, 218, 216, 222, 223, 227, 228, 231, 235, 236, 246, 255-257, 274276, 285 287, 264-266, 26-305, 307, 306, 310, 314-318, 320, 322, 362, 363, 365-376, 376, 380, 382, 385, 186, 361, 365, 368-406, 412-415, 417, 422. 426, 427, 430, 432. 433, 436' 437 sudaMsaNacariu 80, 83, 86, 60, 3-5, 114, 115 sadalagA 13 samayasAra 7, 15 samayasAra kalaza 15 samyaktvasArazataka 1, 7, 6, 116, sumeru 26, 30, 36, 37, 74, 126, 163, 168, 200-202, 2040 146, 403 sarayU 64-72 sa saGgItakaumudI 376 saGgIta pravINa pradarzikA 374 saGgItavizArada 373, 374, 676 saGgItazAstradarpaNa 376 saMskRta hindI koza 43, 156, 311 sakalakIrti 80, 86, 60, 115 sacittavivecana 7 sarvadarzanasaMgraha 31, 418-420, 422 426 sahasrArasvarga 3247, 100 sAketa 32, 66 sAlavana 205 hityadarpaNa 120, 140, 144, 171, 24, 247.278, 250 sAgara mata 407 siMhapura 46, 47,67, 66,101-103, 180, 181, 183,163,234 siddhakUTa 46.67, 100, 237 sindhu deza 20 sindhu nadI 226, 227 sIkara grAma 1 sItAnadI 74 sudarzanacarita ( vidyAnandiviracita) .80, 60 sudarzanacarita (sakalakIrtiviracita) 80, 86, 214, 115 sudarzanodaya 7, 36, 80, 60-67, 114, 115, 116, 130 - 134, 145, 146, 148, 149, 167.. 176, 163, 15, 207, 206, 475 211, 236, 237 suvattatilaka 367-371 sUra 1 seThI, vidyAkumAra 12 saudharmasvarga 61, 74, 77 stabaka guccha 35, 136, 228, 231, 232,280 svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jainadhamaM 7 ha haripeNa 80, 83, 60, 101, 106, 106, 130, 135, 141 hastinApura 18, 24 26 60, 64, 66, 72, 121, 156. 228, 232, 26, 330, 365 hindustAnI saGgItapaddhati 375 himAlaya 26, 126, 157, 158, 170, 168, 200-202, 205. 215, 221. 226, 236, 2440 206 hisAra 1, 8, 6,57 hemacandra 140

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paramapUjya AcArya 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kI sAhitya sAdhanA - saMskRta sAhitya - 1. jayodaya mahAkAvyam (2 bhAga meM) 2. vIrodaya mahAkAvyam 3. sudarzanodaya mahAkAvyam 4. bhadrodaya mahAkAvyam 5. dayodaya campU 6. samyakatvasArazatakam 7. muni manoraJjanAzIti 8. bhakti saMgraha 9. hita sampAdakam hindI sAhitya - 10.bhAgya parIkSA 11.RSabha caritra 12.guNa sundara vRtAnta 13.pavitra mAnava jIvana 14.karttavya patha pradarzana 15.sacitta vivecana 16.sacitta vicAra 17.svAmI kundakunda aura sanAtana jaina dharma 18.sarala jaina vivAha vidhi 19.itihAsa ke panne 20.RSi kaisA hotA hai TIkA grantha - 21.pravacasAra 22.samayasAra 23.tattvArthasUtra 24.mAnavadharma 25.vivekodaya 26.devAgamastotra 27.niyamasAra 28.aSTapAhur3a 29.zAMtinAtha pUjana vidhAna

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paramapUjya AcArya 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA lerivakA kA saMkSipta paricaya nAma - DaoN. (ku.) kiraNa TaNDana pitRnAma - zrI rAmabihArI TaNDana janmasthAna - nainItAla (u.pra.) janmatithi -7-7-1951 I. zikSA - ema.e. (AgarA vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA), pI. eca. DI. (kumAyUM vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla), sAhityAcArya (vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vaaraannsii)| vRtti - adhyApana / (ka) rAjendra prasAda DigrI kAleja, mIragaMja (barelI) u.pra., (kha) Arya kanyA mahAvidyAlaya, almor3A (u.pra.),samprati (ga) kumAyU~ vizvavidyAlaya, nainItAla (u.pra.)ke saMskRti vibhAga meM prAdhyApaka pada para kAryarata / jIvana paricaya -:: janma :: san 1891 -:: janmasthAna ::rANolI-grAma (jilA-sIkara) rAja. -:: janmanAma :: bhUrAmala zAstrI -:: brahmacarya vrata ::san 1947 (vi. saM. 2004) -:: kSullaka dIkSA ::san 1955 (vi. saM. 2012) -:: kSullaka dIkSA nAma ::kSullaka 105 zrI jJAnabhUSaNa mahArAja -:: aillaka dIkSA ::san 1957 (vi. saM. 2014) -:: dIkSA guru ::A. 108 zrI zivasAgara jI mahArAja -:: muni dIkSA ::san 1959 (vi. saM. 2016) -:: dIkSA guru ::A. 108 zrI zivasAgara jI mahArAja __-:: muni dIkSA nAma ::muni 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja -:: AcArya pada :: 7 pharavarI san 1969 (phAlgunavadI 5 saM. 2025) -:: AcArya pada tyAga evaM sallekhanAvrata grahaNa ::22 navambara, 1972 (maMgasira vadI 2 saM. 2029) . -:: samAdhistha ::1 jUna 1973 (jyeSTha kRSNa amAvasyA saM. 2030) -:: paTTaziSya ::pU. A. zrI vidyAsAgarajI mahArAja __-:: sallekhanA avadhi ::6 mAsa 13 dina (miti anusAra) 6 mAsa 10 dina (di. anusAra) racanA - (ka) prakAzita - (1) chndo'lngkaarpricyH| (2) mahAkavi jJAnasAgara ke kAvya : eka adhyayana / (kha) aprakAzita - saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa / AvAsa - parabaeNka laoNja, bI rAjabhavana mArga, nainItAla (u. pra.)