Jain Sahitya ka Itihas Purv Pithika

Author(s): Kailashchandra Shastri
Publisher: Ganeshprasad Varni Digambar Jain Sansthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003837/1

Page #1
zrI gaNezaprasAda varNo jaina granthamAlA 2, 11 jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva-pIThikA paM0 kailAzacanda siddhAntaratna, siddhAntazAstrI, nyAyatIrthaM pradhAnAcArya zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kAzI prAkkathana lekhaka DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla adhyakSa inDalaoNjI kAleja hindUvizvavidyAlaya vArANasI Jain Educationa International prakAzaka zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA amI, bArApachI For Person www.jainelibrary.or

Page #2
zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA 2.11 jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrvapIThikA S STATE ENT NETSMSRE paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntaratna, siddhAntazAstrI, nyAyatIrtha pradhAnAcArya zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kAzI prAkkathana lekhaka DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla adhyakSa inDolaoNjI kAleja hindUvizvavidyAlaya vArANasI prakAzakazrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA bhadainI, vArANasI

Page #3
zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA kAzI granthamAlA sampAdaka aura niyAmaka phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI prathama saMskaraNa vIra ni0 saM0 2486 mUlya 10) mudrakazivanArAyaNa upAdhyAya nayA saMsAra presa, bhadainI, vaaraannsii|

Page #4
prakAzakIya yaha parama santoSakI bAta hai ki lagabhaga daza varSake anavarata prayatna ke bAda 'jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa kI pUrva pIThikA' mudrita ho kara taiyAra hai / AzA hai ki vaha zIghra hI pAThakoM ke adhyayana ke lie sulabha ho jaaygii| pUrvapIThikA zrI paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI pradhAnAcArya zrI syA. ma0 vi0 kAzI ne parizrama pUrvaka likhI hai| unheM isake lie jo bhI zrama karanA par3A hai usakA nirdeza unhoMne apane vaktavya meM svayaM hI kiyA hai| ___ sthApanA kAla se lekara adyAvadhi zrI ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlA kA saMcAlana zrI paM0 phUlacandrajI zAstrI kI dekha rekha meM hotA pA rahA hai / Arthika aura dUsare prakAra kI saba anukUlatAoM kI zrora bhI unhIM ko dhyAna denA par3atA hai| navambara san 1953 kI 13 tArIkha ko granthamAlA kI baiThaka Amantrita kI gaI thii| usa baiThaka meM granthamAlA samiti ne mere prastAva aura paM0 phUlacandra jI ke samarthana karane para 'jaina sAhityakA itihAsa' ke nirmANa karane kI svIkRti dI thii| pUrva pIThikA kA lekhana kArya prArambha hone ke pUrva zrI paM0 kailAzacandrajI zAstrI, sva. zrI paM0 mahendrakumAra jI nyAyAcArya aura zrI paM0 phUlacandra jI zAstrI ne mila kara 'jaina sAhityakA itihAsa' kI 'prastAvita rUparekhA' taiyAra kI thI, jo san 1954 meM hI eka

Page #5
pustikA ke rUpa meM mudrita kara dI gaI thii| prastuta 'pUrva pITikA' usI ke anusAra likhI gaI hai / usa samaya sabakI sammati se 'pUrvapIThikA' ke lekhana kA bhAra zrImAn paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ko sauMpA gayA thA / hameM yahA~ yaha likhate hue parama harSa hotA hai ki paNDita jI ne prastAvita rUparekhA meM nirdiSTa bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara yaha kArya bar3I yogyatA pUrvaka sampanna kiyA hai| paNDita jI kI lekhanI majI huI hai| tathyoM kA saMkalana bhI ve bar3I yogyatA aura taTastha bhAva se karate haiM jo kisI bhI itihAsAnveSI kA sabase bar3A guNa mAnA gayA hai / unakI isa sevA ke lie zrI ga0 vaNA jaina granthamAlA samiti unakI RNI hai| jJAta huyA hai ki paNDita jI ne karaNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga ( darzana bhAga ko chor3a kara ) kA itihAsa bhI likha liyA hai| maiM cAhatA hU~ ki ve hI apane netRtva meM granthamAlA ke sAdhanoM ko dekhate hue zeSa kArya ko bhI zIghrAtizIghra pUrA karA deM tAki vaha prakAzana ke lie diyA jA ske| __isakA prAkkathana DA. vAsudevazaraNa jI agravAla ne likhA hai| isake lie granthamAlA samiti kI ora se unake prati aAbhAra pradarzita karanA meM apanA kartavya samajhatA huuN| AzA hai ki bhaviSya meM bhI isa mahAn kArya meM unakA mArgadarzana prApta hotA rahegA / aba taka isa kArya meM Arthika yA dUsare prakAra se anya jina mahAnubhAvoM ne yogadAna kiyA hai, isa avasara para maiM una sabakA bhI AbhAra mAna lenA apanA kartavya samajhatA huuN| yaha kArya bahuta bar3A hai| isameM Arthika aura bauddhika sabhI prakAra kA sahayoga apekSita hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki maviSya meM bhI zrI ga0 va0 granthamAlA ko unakA sahayoga milatA rhegaa| jisa puNyAtmA ke saMsmaraNa svarUpa granthamAlA kI sthApanA huI

Page #6
thI vaha vibhUti aba hamAre bIca meM nahIM hai| yaha eka bahuta bar3I kSati hai, jisakA maiM hI kyA samagra jaina samAja anubhava karatA hai / phira bhI yaha hamArA bhAgya hai ki unakA puNya AzIrvAda hamAre sAtha hai / mujhe bharosA hai ki unake pAzIrvAda ke phalasvarUpa granthamAlA samiti ne jo yaha kArya apane hAtha meM liyA hai vaha avazya hI pUrA hogaa| zrI jaina zikSA sNsthaa| nivedaka kaTanI (jabalapura) jaganmohanalAla zAstrI 25-3-63 (upAdhyakSa zrI ga0 varNI jaina gra0) zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina graMtha mAlA ko zrI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa nimitta jo Aya huI __ aura isa madameM abhI taka jo vyaya huA usakA vivaraNa Aya 1500) zrImAn siMghaI zrInandanalAla rAjakumAra jI bInA iTAvA 1001) sva0 zrImAn seTha lAlacanda jI damoha 651) di0 jaina samAja vidizA 501) zrImAn zrImanta seTha lakSmIcanda jI rAjendrakumArajI vidizA 501) zrImAn avIracanda rUpacanda jI kumAra sTora vidizA

Page #7
( 6 ) 500) zrImAn vAbU choTelAla jI kalakattA 501) zrI di0 jaina samAja jasavantanagara 400) zrI di0 jaina samAja jabalapura 150) zrI hiMsA pratiSThAna, zrImAn lAlA sItArAma phIrojIlAla jI dillI (151) TraSTiyAna, sa0 si0 ToDaramala kanhaiyA lAla jI di0 jaina. pA0 TraSTa kaTanI 100) zrImAn kanhaiyAlAla nemicanda jI palavala 51) zrImAn nemicaMda subhASacaMda jI sAIkila mArTa purAnI carahAI jabalapura 50) zrImAn mUlacanda bhAgacaMda jI iTorayA damoha 6057) kula yoga 10527-68 pArizramika 83 - 26 sTezanarI, poSTeja, riksA va phuTakara 308-67 saphara kharca vyaya 2281-16 chapAI - kAgaja 1000-0 lagabhaga ( jo pArizramika, chapAI aura pustaka bAiDiMga Adi ke bila ke bhugatAna meM bhI karanA zeSa hai| ) 14201-43 kula yoga noTa - isa granthapara jo pArizramika vyaya hai vaha pUre granthakA hai, jisakA prathama bhAga yaha ( pIThikA) hai aura dUsarA bhAga prakAzanArtha taiyAra rakhA hai / lekhana-vyayameM vaha saba vyaya bhI sammilita hai, jo anya sahAyakoM para huA hai|

Page #8
prAkkathana kAzIpurI jainadharma kA prAcIna tIrtha sthAna hai| vahIM zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya nAmakI ativiziSTa vidyA saMsthA gaMgA taTa para sthita hai| pUjyapAda zrI varNI jI ne apane tapaHpUta Adarza ke anusAra san 1605 meM isakI sthApanA kI thii| usake vartamAna vidyAdhyakSa zrI kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne 'jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa kI pUrva pIThikA' nAmaka anveSaNa yukta grantha likhA hai jisakA maiM svAgata karatA huuN| lagabhaga 5 varSa pUrva mere mana meM jaina sAhitya ke bRhat itihAsa nirmANa kA eka vicAra utpanna huA thaa| kAzI ke jaina vidvAnoM meM usake prati utsAha utpanna huaaa| mujhe isa bAta kI atyanta prasannatA huI ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM mAnyatAoM ke anuyAyI vidvAnoM ne usakA svAgata kiyA / tadanusAra pArzvanAtha Azrama kI ora se zrI dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA kI dekha-rekha meM jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pAMca bhAgoM meM likhA jAne lgaa| usakA pahalA bhAga taiyAra hai para abhI taka vaha prakAzita hokara sAmane nahIM pAyA / dUsarI ora sva0 zrI mahendra kumAra jI jaina ne zrI varNI jaina granthamAlA kI ora se apane sahayogiyoM ke sAtha isa sAhitya kA itihAsa digambara sAmagrI ke AdhAra para viracita karane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| zrI mahendra kumAra atyanta pratibhAzAlI vidvAna the| ve kAzI vizva vidyAlaya meM bauddha darzana ke prAdhyApaka the| unakI preraNA se yaha kArya samaya pAkara saMsiddha hone ko thA, kintu Izvara kI icchA ki ve akAla meM hI svargavAsI ho gye| mujhe isa bAta kA bahuta harSa hai ki unake ghaniSTha sahayogI aura mitra zrI paM0 kailAzacandra jI ne usa pavitra saMkalpa ko na kevala avismRta hI rakhA

Page #9
(8 ) varan apanI zramazIlatA aura prajJA se use mUrtarUpa bhI de DAlA / phala svarUpa jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa kI yaha pUrva pIThikA vidvAnoM ke sAmane A rahI hai| __ isa grantha meM jainadharma kI mUla sthApanA se lekara saMgha bheda taka ke sudIrgha kAla kA itihAsa likhA gayA hai| isameM zramaNa paramparA isa deza meM jisa prakAra vikasita huI usakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / itihAsa lekhana vizeSa kalA hai| usameM pramANa sAmagrI aura lekhaka kI nijI dRSTi ke anusAra usakI vyAkhyA, ina do cakroM para aitihAsika lekhana kA ratha gatizIla hotA hai| ___ yaha suvidita hai ki jainadharma kI paramparA atyanta prAcIna hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra to antima tIrthaGkara the / mithilA pradeza ke licchavI gaNataMtra se, jisakI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda hai, mahAvIra kA kauTumbika sambandha thA / unhoMne zramaNa paramparA ko apanI tapazcaryA ke dvArA eka naI zakti pradAna kI jisakI pUrNatama paramparA kA sanmAna digambara paramparA meM pAyA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrva 23 tIrthaGkara aura ho cuke the| unake nAma aura janma vRttAnta jaina sAhitya meM surakSita haiN| unhIM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva prathama tIrthaGkara the jisake kAraNa unheM AdinAtha kahA jAtA hai| jaina kalA meM unakA aMkana ghora tapazcaryA kI mudrA meM milatA haiM / RSabhanAtha ke carita kA ullekha zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI vistAra se AtA hai aura yaha socane para bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki isakA kAraNa kyA rahA hogA ? bhAgavata meM hI isa bAta kA bhI ullekha hai ki mahAyogI bharata RSabha ke zata putroM meM jyeSTha the aura unhIM se yaha deza bhArata varSa kahalAyA yeSAM khalu mahAyogI bharato jyeSThaH zreSThaguNa AsIt / yenedaM varSa bhAratamiti vyapadizanti / -bhAgavata 5 / 4' /

Page #10
bhAgavata meM eka aura bhI aAzcarya janaka tathya likhA hai 'teSAM vai bharato jyeSTho nArAyaNaparAyaNaH / vikhyAtavarSametad yannAmnA bhAratamadbhutam / / -bhAgavata 11 / 2 / 17 / isake anusAra bharata bhI parama bhAgavata the aura nArAyaNa bhagavAn viSNu ke bhakta the / ata eva eka ora jahAM jainadharma meM unakA atyanta sammAnita pada thA, vahIM dUsarI ora bhAgavata janatA bhI unheM apanA aArAdhA mAnatI thii| itanA hI nahIM, RSabha aura bharata ina donoM kA vaMzasambandha unhIM svAyaMbhuva manu se kahA gayA hai jinase aura bhI RSiyoM kA vaMza aura rAjarSiyoM kI paramparA prakhyAta huii| svAyaMbhuva manu ke priyavrata, priyavrata ke putra nAbhi, nAbhi ke RSabha, aura RSabhadeva ke sau putra hue jinameM bharata jyeSTha the| yahI nAbhi ajanAbha bhI kahalAte the jo atyanta pratApI the aura jinake nAma para yaha deza ajanAbha varSa kahalAtA thaa| priyavrata ne apane agnIdhra Adi sAta putroM ko sapta dvIpoM kA rAjya diyA thaa| unameM agnIdhra ko jambUdvIpa kA rAjya milaa| agnIdhra kI bhAryA pUrvaciti apsarA se nau khaNDoM meM rAjya karane vAle nau putroM kA janma huaaa| unameM jyeSTha putra nAbhi the, jinheM ajanAbha khaNDa kA rAjya prApta huA | yahI ajanAbha khaNDa pIche bharatakhaNDa khlaayaa| nAbhi ke pautra bharata unase bhI adhika pratApavAna cakravartI the| yaha atyanta mUlyavAn etihAsika paramparA kisI prakAra purANoM meM surakSita raha gaI hai| vAyu purANa 33151-52, mArkaNDeya pu0 53 / 3640, meM bhI isI prakAra kI anuzrati pAI jAtI hai / ye uddharaNa jena anuzruti kI aitihAsikatA sUcita karate haiM / 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kRSNa aura balarAma ke cacere bhAI the aisA jaina sAhitya meM ullekha hai| jaina kalA meM bhI neminAtha kI mathurA se prApta mUrtiyoM meM kRSNa aura balarAma kA aGkana donoM ora pAyA jAtA hai /

Page #11
( 10 ) sindhu ghATI meM bhI do nagna mUrtiyAM milI haiN| inameM se eka kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita puruSamUrti hai| dUsarI ko bhI aba taka puruSa mUrti kahA jAtA hai| kintu dhyAna se dekhane para jJAta hotA hai ki vaha nRtya mudrA meM strI mUrti hai / abhI pahalI mUrti kI pahacAna kisa prakAra kI jAye yaha mahattvapUrNa prazna banA hI rahatA hai / atharvaveda ke eka maMtra meM mahAnagna puruSa aura mahAnagnI strI ke mithuna kA ullekha pAtA hai mahAnagnI mahAnagnaM dhAvantamanudhAvati / imA stadasya gA rakSa yabhamAmadhyaudanam / / __ -athava0 201126 / 11 kintu jaina aura kucha jainetara vidvAna bhI puruSa mUrti kI nagnatA aura kAyotsarga mudrA ke AdhAra para ise aisI pratimA samajhate haiM jisakA sambandha kisI tIrthaGkara se rahA hai| sindhu lipi ke par3he binA isa viSaya meM nizcaya se kucha kahanA kaThina hai| kintu eka dUsarA pramANa jo sandeha rahita hai, sAmane A jAtA hai / vaha paTanA ke lohAnIpura muhalle se prApta eka nagna kAyotsarga mUrti hai| usa para maurya kAlIna aopa yA camaka hai aura zrI kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla se lekara aAja taka ke sabhI vidvAnoM ne use tIrthaGkara pratimA hI mAnA hai| usa dizA meM vaha mUrti aba taka kI upalabdha sabhI bauddha tathA brAhmaNa dharma sambandhI mUrtiyoM se prAcIna ThaharatI hai| kaliMgAdhipati khAravela ke hAthIgumpha zilA lekha se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kumArI parvata para jina pratibhA kA pUjana hotA thaa| ina saMketoM se iMgita hotA hai ki jaina dharma kI yaha aitihAsika paramparA aura anuzruti atyanta prAcIna thii| vastutaH isa deza meM pravRtti aura nivRtti kI do paramparAe~ Rgveda

Page #12
( 11 ) ke samaya meM bhI pracalita thiiN| pravRtti paramparA ko deva paramparA kahate the / yajJavidhi aura cAra aAzrama usI ke aMga the / nivRtti paramparA ko muni paramparA kahA jAtA thaa| vAnaprastha dharma aura zramaNa vidhi usakI vizeSatAe~ thiiN| Rgvedake dazamamaNDalake 135veM sUktake kartA sAta vAtarazanA muni the| yathA-1 jUti, * vAtajUti, 3 viprajUti, 4 vRSANaka 5 karikrata, 6 etazaH 7 RSyazRGgaH ete vAtarazanA munyH|' vAtarazanA kA vahI artha hai jo digambara kA hai| vAyu jinakI mekhalA hai athavA dizAe~ jinakA vastra hai| donoM zabda eka hI bhAva ke sUcaka haiM / isa sUkta meM vAtarazanA muniyoM ko maladhArI sUcita kiyA gayA hai / jJAta hotA hai ki bhasma Adi malane se unakI jaTAe~ pizaGga yA kapila varNa kI dikhAI par3atI thiiN| jaise Aja kala ke dhUni ramAne vAle sAdhuoM kI hotI haiM___'munayo vAtarazanA pizaGgA vasate mlaaH| -Rgveda 10 / 13 / 2 / isI sUkta ke pA~caveM mantra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki eka-eka deva ke sAtha eka-eka muni usakA sakhA hai munirdevasya devasya saukRtyAya sakhA hitH-10|135||5|| ina ullekhoM kA aitihAsika mahattva bahuta kucha hai| deva paramparA ke tulya hI muni paramparA kI lokapriyatA bhI isase sUcita hotI hai / mahAbhArata meM to spaSTa ullekha hai ki prajApati brahmA ne sRSTi ke lie sanaka' Adi sAta putroM ko utpanna kiyaa| kintu ve nivRttimArgI 1-'sanaH sanatsujAtazca sanakaH sasanandanaH / sanatkumAraH kapilaH saptamazca snaatnH||72|| sapta te mAnasAH proktA RSayo brahmaNaH sutaaH| svayamAgatavijJAnA nivRti dharmamAsthitAH // 73 / / -mahAbhArata, zAntiparva /

Page #13
( 12 ) hokara vana meM cale gye| taba brahmA ne dUsare sAta putra utpanna kiye / aura unhoMne pravRtti kA zrAzraya lekara prajAtroM ko utpanna kiyA / nivRttimArgIya zramaNoM ke aneka sampradAya mahAbIra aura buddha ke samaya meM the aura unase pUrva bhI vidyamAna the evaM usake bAda bhI calate rahe / azoka ne isI AdhAra para zramaNa brAhmaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / usakA abhiprAya brAhmaNa aura zramaNoMkI do pRthaka paramparAoM ke astitva se hI thA / pataJjali ne pANini ke 'esA rodhaH zAzvatikaH ' sUtrapara 'zramaNa-brAhmaNam' udAharaNa dete hue sUcita kiyA hai ki zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM kA pRthaka-pRthaka astitva lagabhaga zAzvata kAla se thA / jaisA hama dekha cuke haiM Rgveda se bhI yaha jJApita hotA hai / zramaNa bhikSu saMsthA kA jaina, brAhmaNa aura bauddha sAmagrI ke AdhArapara pUrA aura tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI nahIM huA hai| usase vidita hogA ki gotratika, zvAtratika, dizAtratika zrAdi saikar3oM prakAra ke zramaNamArgI AcArya the| unhIM meM se eka nirgrantha mahAbIra hue aura dUsare buddha / auroM kI paramparA lagabhaga nAmazeSa ho gaI yA aitihAsika kAla meM vizeSa rUpa se parivartita ho gaI / kapila aura jaigISavya zramaNa yA nivRttimAgA~ AdarzoM ke mAnane vAle the kintu unakA kevala darzana bacA hai sampradAya nahIM / jJAta hotA hai ki bAda ke zaiva mAhezvara sampradAya meM unakA antarbhAva ho gayA aura unake dArzanika siddhAnta ko bhI, jo mUla meM anIzvaravAdI thA, sezvara banAkara eka aura pAzupata zaivoM ne dUsarI cora bhAgavatoM ne apanA liyA / isa viSaya meM purANoM meM paryApta sAmagrI hai | ina purANoM se hamArA tAtparya yaha batalAnA hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM nivRttidharmI zramaNa paramparA aura pravRttimArgI gRhastha paramparA donoM do baTI huI rassiyoM kI taraha eka sAtha vidyamAna rahI haiM aura donoM

Page #14
meM bahuta kucha aAdAna-pradAna bhI calatA rahA hai| zramaNa paramparA ke kAraNa brAhmaNa dharma meM vAnaprastha aura sanyAsa ko prazraya milA, evaM zaMkarAcArya ne to dazanAmI saMnyAsiyoM ke rUpa meM mAnoM zramaNoM jaisA hI nayA saMgaThana khar3A kara diyA, jo Aja take jIvita hai / udhara brAhmaNoM aura bhAgavatoM ke gRhastha sambandhI sammAnita prAdoM se zramaNa sampradAyameM bhI gRhastha Azrama ko pratiSThA prApta huI jo aAja bhI jainadharma meM surakSita hai| prAcIna ullekhoM se jJAta hotA haiM ki aneka gRhapati bauddha dharma ke aAdhAra stambha the| ___ina mile jule tAroM yA ulajhe hue dhAgoMko sulajhAnA aitihAsika kA kartavya hai| isake lie mana meM sahAnubhUti aura sahiSNutA kI parama zrAvazyakatA hai| sacce aitihAsika ko usa prakAra kA mAnasa. apane bhItara banAnA cAhie jo rASTrIya saMskRti ke samagra tattvoM ko samprIti ke cakSa se dekha ske| isa uddezya se sAmagrI ko dRSTipatha meM lAne vAle jitane bhI prayatna hoM, svAgata ke yogya haiM / satya yaha hai ki hamArI nijI vyaktigata mAnyatAoM se itihAsa ke devatAoM kA zrAsana kahIM U~cA hai| hameM prayatna karanA cAhiye ki hamAre anveSaNa ke do puSpa vahAM taka , pahu~ca sakeM / isa dRSTi se hama zrI kailAza candra jI ke isa prayatra kA abhinandana karate haiN| mAlavIya jyntii| ( DA0 ) vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla kAzI vizva-vidyAlaya adhyakSa inDolaoNjI kAleja

Page #15
lekhaka ke do zabda bhAratIya sAhitya meM jaina sAhitya kA bhI apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai kintu usake itihAsa lekhana kI ora koI dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA / DA0 vinTaranITsa ne jarmanabhASA meM jo bhAratIya sAhitya kA itihAsa likhA thA aura jisakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI upalabdha haiM usameM unhoMne jainasAhitya ke sambandha meM bhI eka choTA sA prakaraNa diyA hai| kintu vaha bhI bahuta saMkSipta aura apUrNa hai| zrI mohanacanda dalIcanda desAI ne gujarAtI bhASA meM 'jainasAhitya no itihAsa' likhA thA aura vaha jainazvatAmbara kAnpheMsa bambaI kI ora se prakAzita huA thaa| kintu usameM kevala zvetAmbara sAhitya ko hI apanAyA gayA thaa| ataH digambarIya jainasAhitya kA koI kramabaddha itihAsa nahIM likhA gayA / digambara jaina vidvAnoM meM apane sAhitya ke prati abhiruci hote hue bhI usake itihAsa ke prati koI abhiruci nahIM hai aura isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa deza ke vidvAnoM meM prArambha se hI itihAsa ke prati abhiruci nahIM rahI / aAja bhI saMskRta bhASA ke uccakoTi ke vidvAna bhI itihAsa ko anupayogI hI samajhate haiN| kintu deza ke itihAsa kI taraha sAhitya kA itihAsa bhI upayogI hotA hai / usase granthagata aura viSaya gata bAtoM ke sambandha meM abhinava prakAza par3atA hai aura aneka aise tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM jinakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| ataH kisI grantha kA viSayagata hArda samajhane ke lie usa grantha aura granthaphAra kI sAmayika paristhiti tathA usake pUrvaja granthoM aura granthakAroM kA usapara prabhAva bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hotA hai| aura ye saba sAhitya ke itihAsa ko jAne binA sambhava nahIM hai|

Page #16
( 15 ) digambara jaina samAja meM sarva prathama isa viSaya kI aora zrI nAthUrAma jI premI tathA paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra kA dhyAna gayA / ina donoM aAdaraNIya vyaktiyoM ne apane puruSArtha aura lagana ke bala para aneka jainAcAryoM aura jainagranthoM ke itivRttoM ko khojakara janatA ke sAmane rakhA / aAja ke jaina vidvAnoM meM se yadi kinhIM ko itihAsa ke prati abhiruci hai to usakA zreya inhIM donoM vidvAnoM ko hai| kama se kama merI abhiruci to inhIM ke lekhoM se prabhAvita hokara isa viSaya kI ora AkRSTa huii| san 1954 ke karIba kucha sAmayika paristhiti vaza, jisakA saMketa DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ne apane prAkkathana ke prArambha meM kiyA hai, jainasAhitya ke itihAsa nirmANa kI carcA bar3e joroM se uThI aura usako uThAne kA bahuta kucha zreya nyAyAcArya paM0 mahendra kumAra jI ko thA / usI ke phala svarUpa zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI granthamAlA kAzI ne usa kArya kA bhAra uThAyA aura kucha vidvAnoM ko usakA bhAra sauMpA, jinameM eka merA bhI nAma thA / paM0 mahendra kumAra jI to svargavAsI ho gaye aura mujhe akele hI isa bhAra ko vahana karanA pdd'aa| maiM na to koI itihAsa kA viziSTa abhyAsI vidvAna hU~ aura na aise mahAn kArya ke lie jisa koTi ke jJAna kI aAbazyakatA hai vaisA mujhe jJAna hI hai| kintu 'na kucha se to kucha behatara hotA hai isa lokokti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara maiMne yaha anadhikAra ceSTA kI hai| aura isa zrAzA se kI hai ki merI galatiyoM se prabhAvita hokara hI zAyada koI adhikArI vyakti isa dizA meM Age bar3hane ke lie taiyAra ho jaaye| yadi merI yaha aAzA pUrNa huI to maiM apane prayatna ko saphala smjhNgaa| ___yaha kevala jainasAhitya ke itihAsa kI pUrva pIThikA hai| jainasAhitya kA nirmANa jisa pRSThabhUmi para hazrA usakA citraNa karane ke liye isa pIThikA meM jainadharma ke prAga itihAsa ko khojane kA bhI prayatna kiyA gayA hai | sAhitya kA itihAsa to aAge prakAzita hogaa| _ mujhe isa kArya meM jina mahAnubhAvoM se sahayoga milA unake prati bhI AbhAra prakaTa karanA merA kartavya hai| varNIgrantha mAlA ke maMtrI paM0 vaMzIdhara jI vyAkaraNAcArya aura saMyukta maMtrI paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAnta zAstrI kA mujhe pUrA sahayoga prApta huaA aura be barAbara merA

Page #17
utsAha bar3hAte rahe / yadi unakI aora se mujhe protsAhana na milatA to maiM bhI zAyada hI Age bar3ha sakatA / isa avasara para pUjya zrI gaNeza prasAda jI varNI mahArAja kA smaraNa bhI barabasa ho pAtA hai| jaba bhI unake darzanoM ke lie IsarI jAnA hotA, be barAbara kArya kI pragati ke bAre meM pUchate the| kheda hai ki isa pustaka ke prakAzana ke pUrva hI vaha svargavAsI ho gye| hindU vizva vidyAlaya ke pustakAlaya meM baiThakara maiMne mahInoM taka purAnI phAiloM aura riporToM kA anugama kiyA hai aura isake lie pustakAlaya ke tatkAlIna adhyakSa zrI vizvanAthan tathA inDolAjI kAlija ke tatkAlIna adhyakSa DA0 rAjabali pANDeya kA kRtajJa huuN| zrI kAzI vidyApITha ke bhagavAnadAsa svAdhyAyapITha se bhI mujhe aneka pustake prApta ho sakI / usake adhyakSa mere anuja pro0 khuzAlacanda gorAvAlA haiN| unake prati apanA sauhArdabhAva prakaTa karatA huuN| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI ke adhiSThAtA munivara zrI kRSNacandrAcArya ke saujanya se mujhe Azrama ke pustakAlaya se bhI pustakeM prApta huI, etadartha maiM munijI ke prati bhI kRtajJa huuN| dehalA ke lAlA pannAlAla jI agravAla tathA jayapura ke DA0 kastUra canda jI kAzalI vAla ke dvArA bhI hastalikhita grantha prApta ho sake haiN| jaina siddhAnta bhavana pArA ke tatkAlIna pustakAdhyakSa paM0 nemicanda jI jyotiSAcArya se bhI yathAvazyaka grantha prApta hue haiM / ataH maiM unheM bhI dhanyavAda diye binA nahIM raha sakatA / anta meM maiM DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ke prati vizeSa kRtajJa hU~ jinhoMne asvastha hote hue bhI isa pIThikA ke lie prAkkathana likhA dene kA kaSTa utthaayaa| ___kyA maiM AzA karU~ ki isa pIThikA ko par3hakara pAThaka jainasAhitya ke itihAsa ke prati utsuka ho skeNge| zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya __ vArANasI kailAzacandra zAstrA RSabha jayantI vI0ni0 saM0 2486

Page #18
viSaya-sUcI 7-184 1 jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI khoja pAzcAtya vidvAnoM meM matabheda yAkobI aura vulahara kI khojeM jaina dharma kI prAcInatA prAcIna sthiti kA anveSaNa vaidika sAhitya ke sambandha meM Aryajana veda veda ke sambandha meM tIna pakSa Rgveda bhaugolika sthiti jAtiyAM paNi dAsa aura dasyu asura vaidika devatA dArzanika mantavya anya veda aura brAhmaNa jAtiyAM yA kabIle

Page #19
50 `r `r 55 ( 18 ) bhaugolika nAma dharma aura darzana vaidika kAlIna yajJa brAhmaNa aura kSatriya vaidika kAla bibhAga AraNyaka upaniSad upaniSad, yajJa aura vaidika devatA aAtmA aura brahma aAtmajijJAsA aAtmavidyAke svAmI kSatriya dArzanika vicAroM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka do avaidikatattva punarjanma saMnyAsa zramaNaparamparA prAga aitihAsika kAlIna avazeSa sindhu ghATI sabhyatA ziznadevAH RSabha aura ziva vrAtya hiraNyagarbha aura RSabhadeva yoga ke janaka hiraNyagarbha hindU purANoM meM RSabhadeva viSNu ke avatAra bhAgavata meM RSabha carita 103 107 Vm M. G GFims 118

Page #20
131 136 163 170 175 183 185-4:5 185 187 viSNu aura avatAravAda mahAbhArata aura gItA avatAravAda jaina purANoM meM zrIkRSNa 22 veM tIrthakara neminAtha neminAtha kI aitihAsikatA dravir3asabhyatA aura jainadharma upasaMhAra aitihAsika yuga meM kAsI kosala aura videha kAzIrAja brahmadatta brahmadatta videha ke janaka ke uttarAdhikArI licchavi .. licchavi gaNataMtra kI sthApanA kA samaya pArzvanAtha kA vaMza aura mAtA pitA pravrajyA aura upasarga samakAlIna dhArmika sthiti pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma bhAratIya darzanoM meM jaina darzana kA sthAna bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA katipaya jaina ullekha bhagavAna mahAvIra nigaMTha nATaputta aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA aikya janma sthAna 188 186 160 164 166 167 216 .. 222 22

Page #21
231 236 245 249 252 257 264 265 271 276 ( 20 ) mAtR kula tathA pitR kula garbha parivartana vivAha pravrajyA tapasyA aura jJAna lAbha sarvajJatA aura sarvadarzitva prathama dharma dezanA samavasaraNa divyadhvani aura usakI bhASA mahAvIra bhagavAna ke gaNadhara kyA pArzva aura mahAvIra ke dharma meM bheda thA mahAvIra nirvANa mahAvIra nirvANa kA samaya samakAlIna vyakti mahAvIra ke pazcAt kI rAjyakAla gaNanA bauddha kAla gaNanA paurANika kAla gaNanA magadha aura avanti ke rAjavaMza avanti rAja pradyota nandoM ke 155 varSa prAcArya kAla gaNanA bhadrabAhu aura candragupta dvitIya bhadrabAhu kI sthiti khAravela ke zilA lekha se samarthana Arya suhastI aura samprati 281 283 l 312 313 317 320 321 s s 342 sy 354 358

Page #22
382 365 366 425 ( 21 ) nandamaMtrI zakaTAla 362 ardha phAlaka sampradAya saMgha bheda ke mUla kAraNa vastra para vicAra 364 bha0 mahAvIra tathA unake pUrva vastra kI sthiti pArzvastha-zithilAcArI sAdhu bha0 mahAvIra ke pazcAt vastrakI sthiti 406 acelaka aura nAgnya ke artha meM parivartana 416 maMkhaliputta gozAlaka kA jIvana vRtta gozAlaka aura parivrAjaka maskarI aura gozAlaka 434 kyA gozAlapha pArthApatyIya thA / 436 mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ke sammilana kA uddezya tathA pArasparika AdAna pradAna zrAcAra sambandhI niyama 444 milana kA uddezya 454 pArthApatyIya aura gozAlaka zrAjIvika aura digambara 463 nagnatA prAcIna paramparA se sambaddha hai saMgha bheda kA kAla 484 saMgha bheda kA prabhAva aura vikAsa zrutAvatAra 4 6 se 712 442 456 480 462 466 aAgama saMkalanA devaddhi ke kArya ke sambandha meM nayA mata devarddhi gaNi ke pazcAt kI sthiti 466 .. . 520

Page #23
527 526 534 535 544 551 552 556 ( 22 ) vartamAna jaina zrAgama aura digambara paramparA dvAdazAMga ke athaka meM mata bheda gurvAvalI kI paddhati meM bhinnatA bauddha saMgIti aura jaina vAcanA zruta paricaya bAraha aMgoM ke nAma dRSTivAda kA mahattva pUrvo kA mahattva pUrva nAma kyoM ? dRSTivAda kA lopa kyA dRSTivAda kA lopa jAna bUjha kara kiyA gayA zvetAmbara paramparA meM zruta ke bheda kAlika zruta kAlika zruta aura dRSTivAda meM antara dRSTivAda kA vivaraNa tIna sau tresaTha mata bauddha nikAya meM bAsaTha mata zruta jJAna ke bIsa bheda padoM kA pramANa caudaha pUrvo ke padoM kA pramANa aMgoM ke padoM ke pramANa ko upapatti zruta ke akSara dRSTivAda meM varNita viSaya kA paricaya parikarma 558. 571 574 576 583 588 562 611 3rururururu rur sUtra prathamAnuyoga

Page #24
( 23 ) 671 673 677 cUlikA pUrvo kA paricaya ekAdazAMga paricaya pUrvo se aMgoM kI utpatti digambara granthoM meM prApta viSaya sUcI aMga bAhya zruta aMga bAhya ke bheda aMga bAhya ke bhedoM kA samIkaraNa di0 aMga bAhya kA viSaya paricaya aMgabhinna zvetAmbarIya zrAgama nandi aura anuyogadvAra bAraha upAMga cha chedasUtra cAra mUlasUtra dasa painnA 678 680 682 683 688 663 701 710

Page #25

Page #26
jaina sAhityakA itihAsa pUrva-pIThikA 1. jainadharmake itihAsakI khoja aura usakA pariNAma ___ 'itihAsa' zabda hamAre lie nayA nahIM hai| kintu hamAre dezake itihAsa lekhakoMko bhI yaha mAnanA par3A hai ki itihAsakI jijJAsA hamAre dezake jana-sAdhAraNameM aura zikSita kahalAnevAle vargameM bhI atyanta manda rahI hai| aura Aja yadi hamAre itihAsa netra khule haiM to pAzcAtya vidvAnoMke saMsarga aura prbhaavse| jaba pAzcAtya vidvAna bhAratavarSake nikaTa samparkameM Aye to unakA dhyAna isa dezake itihAsakI ora gyaa| pahale to yahI kahA jAtA rahA ki musalamAnoMke AkramaNase pUrva (IsAkI 11 vIM zatI ) bhAratakA koI itihAsa nahIM miltaa| kintu 1793 I0 meM sara viliyama jonsane bhAratapara AkramaNa karanevAle sikandarakA itihAsa likhanevAloMke 'saindrokoTTasa' ko jaba saMskRta sAhityakA candragupta batalAyA to bhAratIya itihAsakI pUrvAvadhi sikandarake AkramaNakAlase nirdhArita kI gii| isI samayake lagabhaga grIka aura romake prAcIna sAhityake paNDita pAzcAtya vidvAnoMne bhAratakI prAcIna bhASAoMkA adhyayana prArambha kiyaa| ve yaha dekhakara Azcarya cakita hue ki saMskRta 1. bhA0 i0 rU0, ji0 1, pR0 6 / 2. kai0 hi0, bhU0, pR0 1 /

Page #27
2 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bhASA ke zabda aura pratyaya grIka aura laiTina bhASAse bahuta milate julate haiM / isa parase yaha prazna paidA huA ki isa samAnatAkA kyA kAraNa hai ? isI praznake samAdhAna ke liye kI gaI khojoMke phalasvarUpa AryoMke bhAratameM zrAkara vasanekI kathA pravartita huI aura tulanAtmaka bhASAvijJAnane janma lekara aitihAsika anusandhAna ko naI dizA pradAna kI / usIke phalasvarUpa Rgvedako vizvakI prAcInatama pustaka aura AryoMke jJAna-vijJAnakA akSaya bhaNDAra batalAyA gayA / vaidika sAhitya se paricita honeke pazcAt pAzcAtya vidvAn kramase bauddha aura jaina sAhitya ke samparka meM Aye | aura unhoMne apanI aitihAsika paddhatike dvArA upalabdha sAdhanoMke AdhArapara ina dharmoMkI khojabIna Arambha kii| kintu usa samaya taka yuropa meM jaina granthoM kA milanA durlabha thA, ataH bahuta samaya taka ve jaina dharma ke sambandha meM koI spaSTa mata nahIM banA sake, aura jaina dharmake Arambhako lekara yUropIya saMskRtajJa vidvAnoMkI pUrva pIDhI mukhyarUpa se do matoM meM vibhAjita ho gii| usa samayakI isa sthitikA pUrA vivaraNa DaoN0 buhalarane apanI pustikA (iM0 se0 jai0 pR0 23) meM isa prakAra diyA hai- 'kolaka, sTivensana aura thAmasakA vizvAsa thA ki buddha jainadharmake saMsthApakakA vidrohI ziSya thA / kintu usase bhinna mata eca0 ena0 vilsana, ai- vebara aura laoNrsanakA thA, aura sAdhAraNatayA yahI mata mAnA jAtA thA / unake matAnusAra jainadharma bauddhadharmakI eka prAcIna zAkhA thI / isa matakA AvAra thA jainoM aura bauddhoMke siddhAntoM, lekhoM aura paramparAoM meM samAnatAkA pAyA jAnA aura bauddhoMke sAhityakI bhASA se jaina AgamI bhASAkA adhika Adhunika honA tathA jaina AgamoMke prAcIna hone meM vizvasanIya pramANoMkA abhAva / prathama maiM bhI

Page #28
jainadharmake itihAsa kI khoja aura usakA pariNAma isa matakI satyatAmeM vizvAsa karatA thA aura maiMne jainoM ko sammatIya ( ? ) bauddha zAkhAkA samajhA / kintu aMgrejI sarakAra ke liye grantha saMgraha karaneke kAraNa mujhe jaina sAhityakA vizeSa rUpase parIkSaNa karanA par3A to maiMne pAyA ki jainoMne apanA nAma badala diyA hai / ati prAcIna kAla meM ve nigrantha kahe jAte the / maiMne dekhA ki bauddha loga nigranthoMse paricita the, unhoMne unake prabhAva tathA saMsthApakakA varNana buddhake pratidvandIke rUpameM kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki pAvAmeM usakI mRtyu huii| jainoMmeM antima tIrthaGkarakA nirvANasthAna bhI pAvA mAnA jAtA hai| isase mujhe svIkAra karanA par3A ki jaina aura bauddha eka hI dhArmika Andolana se upaje haiN| merI isa dhAraNAkA samarthana jekobIne kiyA / jekobI merese svatantra dUsare mArgase lagabhaga isI pariNAma para pahu~ce the / unhoMne batalAyA ki bauddha tripiTakoMmeM antima tIrthaGkara kA jo nAma AtA hai vahI nAma jaina zrAgamoMmeM bhI AyA hai / inDi0 eNTi0, ji0 7 pR0 143 meM tathA jekovIke dvArA sampAdita kalpasUtrakI prastAvanA meM hamAre isa matakA prakAzana honeke bAda ukta prazna para matabheda ho gyaa| olDana varga, karna, hArna tathA anya vidvAnoMne hamAre naye matako binA kisI hicakicAhaTa ke mAna liyA / kintu e0 vebara aura bArtha (ri0 i0 ) apane purAne mata para hI rahe / bArtha jaina paramparA para vizvAsa nahIM aura yaha saMbhava mAnatA hai ki jaina paramparAke kathana asatya haiM / nizcaya hI isa sthitiko svIkAra karane meM bar3I kaThinAiyA~ haiM, balki yaha bAta anahonI-sI hai ki bauddha loga apane ghRNita virodhiyoMke dharma parityAgakI ghaTanAko bhUla gaye ( ? ) | kintu yaha bAta ekadama asaMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki prAcInatama surakSita jaina AgamoMkA prathama prAmANika saMskaraNa IsvI sanakI pA~cavIM karatA

Page #29
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA athavA chaThI zatImeM taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| aura abhI bhI isa bAtake samarthaka pramANoMkI AvazyakatA hai ki prAcIna kAlameM jaina loga eka sunizcita paramparAke adhikArI the| maiM toMkI zRGkhalA meM usa khoI huI kar3Iko jor3anemeM yogya hU~, isa vizvAsa aura apane do AdaraNIya mitroMke sandehoMko dUra karanekI AzAne mujhe samasta prazna para sambaddha kathana karaneke liye prerita kiyA hai| yadyapi isameM punarukti bhI hogI tathA isake prathama bhAgameM pUrNatayA jekovIkI khojoMkA hI sArAMza rhegaa| ___ isa prakAra DA0 yAkovI aura vuhalara Adi jarmana vidvAnoMkI khojoMke phalasvarUpa jainadharma na kevala bauddhadharmase eka svataMtra dharma pramANita huA kintu usase prAcIna bhI pramANita huaa| bauddhadharma ke mAnya vidvAna aura lekhaka zrI re DeviDasane bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhAratake sampUrNa itihAsameM bauddhadharmake utthAnase lagAkara Ajataka jaina loga eka vyavasthita samAjake rUpameM rahate Aye haiN| zrI yAkovI jainadharmako bauddhadharmase prAcIna pramANita karake hI cupa nahIM baiThe, unhoMne buddhase 250 varSa pUrva honevAle bhagavAn pArzvanAthako bhI aitihAsika vyakti pramANita kiyA, aura unakI isa khojako bhI itihAsajJoMne Adara pUrvaka svIkAra kiyaa| Aja unakI khojoMke phalasvarUpa jainadharmake 23 veM tIrthaGkara bhagavAna pArzvanAthako jainadharmakA saMsthApaka mAna liyA gayA hai| kintu jekovI apanI isa zodhako hI antima satya nahIM mAnate the| isIse unhoMne likhA thA-'isameM koI sabUta nahIM hai ki pArzvanAtha jainadharmake saMsthApaka the| jaina paramparA prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadevako jainadharmakA saMsthApaka mAnane meM ekamata hai| isa 1. bu0 I0, pR0 143 /

Page #30
jainadharmake itihAsakI khoja aura usakA pariNAma 5 mAnyatAmeM aitihAsika satyakI saMbhAvanA hai|' (iM0 e0, ji. 6. pR0 163 ) / ukta saMbhAvanAkI puSTi DA. rAdhAkRSNanane bhI apane bhAratIya darzanake itihAsa ( ji 2. pR0 087 ) meM kI hai| unhoMne likhA hai-'jaina para parA RSabhadevase apane dharmakI utpattikA kathana karatI hai, jo bahuta-sI zatAbdiyoM pUrva hue haiN| isa bAtake pramANa pAye jAte haiM ki IsvI pUrva prathama zatAbdImeM prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadevakI pUjA hotI thii| isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki jainadharma vardhamAna aura pArzvanAthase bhI pahale pracalita thaa| yajurvedameM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi, ina tIna tIrthaGkaroMke nAma Ate haiN| bhAgavata purANa bhI isa bAtakA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jainadharmake saMsthApaka the|' __ prasiddha bhAratIya itihAsajJa zrI jayacanda vidyAlaMkArane likhA hai_ 'jainoMkA mata hai ki jainadharma bahuta prAcIna hai aura mahAvIra se pahale 23 tIrthaGkara ho cuke haiM jo usa dharmake pravartaka aura pracAraka the| sabase pahalA tIrthaGkara rAjA RSabhadeva thA, jisake eka putra bharatake nAmase isa dezakA nAma bhAratavarSa huaa| isI prakAra bauddha loga buddhase pahale aneka bodhisattvoMko huA batalAte haiN| isa vizvAsako ekadama mithyA aura nimUla tathA saba purAne tIrthaGkaroM aura bodhisattvoMko kalpita anaitihAsika vyakti mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| isa vizvAsameM kucha bhI asaMgata nahIM hai| jaba dharma zabdako saMkIrNa pantha yA sampradAyake arthameM le liyA jAtA hai aura yaha bAjAru vicAra manameM rakhA jAtA hai ki pahale hindUdharma, brAhmaNadharma yA sanAtanadharma thA phira bauddha aura jainadharma paidA hue, tabhI yaha vizvAsa asaMgata dIkhatA hai| yadi Adhunika hinduoMke AcAra vyavahAra aura vizvAsako hindU

Page #31
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA dharma kahA jAtA hai to yaha kahanA hogA ki buddha aura mahAvIrase pahale bhAratavAsiyoMkA dharma hindU dharma na thA-vaha hindU , bauddha jaina sabhI mArgoMkA pUrvaja thaa| yadi usa kAlake dharmako vaidika kahA jAye to bhI yaha vicAra ThIka nahIM ki usameM jaina aura bauddha mArgoMke bIja nahIM the| bhAratavarSakA pahalA itihAsa bauddhoM aura jainoMkA bhI vaisA hI hai jaisA vedakA nAma lenevaaloNkaa| usa itihAsameM prArambhika bauddhoM aura jainoMko jina mahApuruSoMke jIvana aura vicAra apane caritrasambandhI AdarzoMke anukUla dIkhe, una sabako unhoMne mahattva diyA aura mahAvIra aura buddhake pUrvavartI bodhisattva aura tIrthaGkara khaa| vAstavameM ve una dharmoM arthAt AcaraNa siddhAntoMke pracAraka yA jIvanameM nirvAhaka the jinapara bAdameM jaina aura bauddha mArgoMpara bala diyA gayA, aura jo bAdameM bauddha jaina siddhAnta khlaaye| ve saba bodhisattva aura tIrthaGkara bhAratIya itihAsake pahale mahApuruSa rahe hoM yA unameMse kucha aMzataH kalpita rahe hoN| itane pUrvaja mahApuruSoMkI sattApara vizvAsa honA yaha siddha karatA hai ki bhAratavarSakA itihAsa usa samaya bhI kAphI purAnA ho cukA thA aura usameM vizeSa AcAra mArga sthApita ho cuke the| philahAla tIrthaGkara pArzvakI aitihAsika sattA Adhunika AlocakoMne svIkAra kI hai| bAkI tIrthaGkaroM aura bodhisattvoMke vRttAnta kalpita kahAniyoMmeM itane ulajha gaye haiM ki unakA punaruddhAra nahIM ho paayaa| kintu isa bAtake nizcita pramANa haiM ki vaidikase bhinna mArga buddha aura mahAvIrase pahale bhI bhArata meM the| aha~t loga buddhase pahale bhI the aura unake caitya bhI buddhase pahale the| una arhatoM aura caityoMke anuyAyI vrAtya kahalAte the jinakA ullekha atharva vedameM hai' (bhA0 i0 rU. pR0 348) /

Page #32
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa isa taraha deza aura videzake mAne hue vidvAnoMne saMbhAvanA tathA vizvAsake rUpameM isa satyako prakaTa kiyA hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAthase pahale bhI jainadharma pracalita thA aura usake saMsthApaka RSabhadeva the| - jahA~ taka jaina mAnyatAkA prazna hai vaha isa viSayameM ekamata hai ki jainadharmake pravartaka bhagavAn RSabhadeva the| usakI isa mAnyatAkA samarthana hindU purANa bhI karate haiM tathA ur3IsAkI hAthI guphAse prApta khAravelakA zilAlekha' bhI usakA samarthaka hai| 2 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa kintu RSabhadevakA samaya itanA prAcIna hai ki yahA~ taka pahu~ca sakanA azakya hI hai; kyoMki hamAre pAsa sAdhana sAmagrI kA abhAva hai| phira bhI jo saMbhAvanA vyaktakI gaI hai aura usameM nihita jisa satyakI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai usako dRSTimeM rakhakara upalabdha sAdhanoMke dvArA bhagavAna pAzvanAthake samayakI tathA 1-isa zilAlekhakA paricaya zrIyuta jAyasavAlane nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA bhAga 8, aMka 3, pR0 301 meM prakAzita karAyA thaa| unhoMne likhA thA ki 'aba takake zilAlekhoMmeM yaha jainadharmakA sabase prAcIna zilAlekha hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki paTanAke nandake samayameM ur3IsA yA kaliMga dezameM jainadharmakA pracAra thaa| aura jinakI mUrti pUjI jAtI thii| nanda RSabhadevakI jaina mUrtiko jo kaliMgajina kahalAtI thI, ur3IsAse paTanA le zrAyA thaa| jaba khAra. velane magadhapara car3hAI kI to vaha usa mUrtiko vahA~ se le aayaa| IsvI sanse 458 varSa pahale aura vikrama sambat se 400 varSa pahale ur3IsA meM jainadharmakA itanA pracAra thA ki bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANa ke koI 75 varSa bAda hI mUrtiyA~ pracali ta ho gii|' zrAdi /

Page #33
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA usase pUrvakI dhArmika sthiti AdikA paricaya prApta karanekA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| ___ vaidika sAhityake AdhArase DA0 vinTaranITsane likhA hai ki 'apanI prAcInatAke kAraNa veda bhAratIya sAhityameM sarvopari sthita hai| jo vaidika sAhityase paricita nahIM hai vaha bhAratIyoMke AdhyAtmika jIvana aura saMskRtiko nahIM samajha sktaa|' isa yugake prAyaH sabhI dezI aura videzI vidvAnoMkA lagabhaga yahI mata hai| aura eka dRSTise yaha ThIka bhI hai kyoMki bhAratake jisa vargase vaidika sAhitya sambaddha rahA hai, usa brAhmaNa vargakA bhAratake sAMskRtika aura dhArmika nirmANameM pradhAna hAtha rahA hai, yadyapi yaha varga mUlataH vedAnuyAyI thA kintu usakI jJAna pipAsA aura satyakI jijJAsAkA anta nahIM thaa| ataH brAhmaNa hote hue bhI usakI atRpta jJAna pipAsA aura balavatI jijJAsAne,use brAhmaNatva kI zreSThatAkA abhimAna bhulAkara Atmatattvake vettA kSatriyoMkA ziSyatva svIkAra karaneke liye vivaza kara diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, kintu usa vargake katipaya vyaktiyoMne hI mahAvIra aura buddha jaise vedavirodhI dharma pravartakoMkA ziSyatva svIkAra karake jainadharma aura bauddha dharmoko bhI usI niSThApUrNa bhaktise apanAyA, jisa zraddhA bhaktike sAtha ve vaidika dharmako apanAye hue the| kintu vaidika sAhityake sambandhameM bhI do bAteM prathama hI kaha denA ucita hogaa| pro0 re DeviDsane likhA hai-yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki brAhmaNa sAhityase hameM IsvI pUrva chaThI sAtavIM zatIkI bhAratIya janatAke dhArmika vizvAsoMke sambandhakI prAmANika jAnakArI milatI hai| yaha vizvAsa mujhe sandigdhase bhI kucha adhika pratIta hotA hai| brAhmaNoMne hamAre liye usa samayake manuSyoMke jo 1. hi0 iM0 li, ji0 1, pR0 52 / 2. bu0 i0, pR0 210-213 /

Page #34
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa vAstavika vicAra the ve utane surakSita nahIM rakkhe, jitane ve vicAra surakSita rakkhe jo ve jana sAdhAraNameM phailAnA cAhate the| brAhmaNa sAhityake surakSita rakhanemeM aura use hama taka pahu~cAne meM unhoMne jo apAra zrama kiyA hai, jaba hama usakA vicAra karate haiM to hamArA mana unake prati prazaMsAse bhara jAtA hai jinhoMne mAnava vicAroM ke itihAsake liye itanA amUlya sAhitya surakSita rakhA... - kintu unhoMne hamAre liye jo kucha surakSita rakhA vaha ekadezIya hai|" nizcaya hI jaba Rgveda antima rUpase saMkalita ho cukA bhAratake AryoM meM anya bahutase vicAra Amataurase pracalita the, jo Rgveda meM nahIM pAye jaate|' vidvAn lekhakakA ukta kathana aisA nahIM hai jise dRSTise ojhala kiyA jA ske| jo sAhitya kisI vizeSa zreNI yA varga se sambaddha hotA hai vaha usa zreNI yA vargakA pUrNa pratinidhi ho sakatA hai, kintu anya sabhI virodhI vicAradhArAoMkI usameM saMkalana honA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| __dUsarI bAta hai kAlake Akalana kI / vaidika sAhityake kAla ko lekara Aja bhI coTIke vidvAnoMmeM matabheda hai aura vaha matabheda na kevala kucha varSoMkA yA kucha dazakoMkA hI hai, kintu hajAroM varSoMko liye hue hai| ___ kAlakramakA nirNaya karaneke liye bhASA aura zailIko vizeSatA dI jAtI hai| kintu DA0 'vinTaranITsane likhA hai ki 'bhAratameM yaha prAyaH pAyA gayA hai ki arvAcIna kRtiko prAcInatAkA rUpa deneke liye usameM prAcIna sAhityakI zailIkA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / tathA granthoMkA Adara tathA pracAra karanekI dRSTise athavA usameM likhI gaI bAtoMko prAcIna siddha karaneke liye unake racayitAke sthAna 1. hi0 iM0 li. ji0 1 pR0 26 /

Page #35
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA para kisI prAcIna prasiddha vyaktikA nAma de denekI yA granthako prAcIna nAma de denekI bhI paripATI rahI hai| usIke phalasvarUpa bahuta-sI Adhunika kRtiyA~ bhI Aja upaniSadoMkA nAma dhAraNa kiye hue haiN| ____ ina do bAtoMko dRSTimeM rakhate hue hama prathama vaidika sAhityakI ora Ate haiN| Aye jana anveSakoMkA kahanA hai ki Arya jAtikI eka zAkhAne bhAratavarSameM praveza karake eka naye samAja kI sthApanA kI thii| isase pahale Arya loga madhya eziyAmeM rahate the| kintu janasaMkhyA vRddhi Adi kAraNAMse unakA vahA~ rahanA kaThina ho gayA aura ve dala banAkara idhara udhara cale gye| jo dala sudUra pazcimakI ora gayA unake vaMzaja Ajake yUropiyana rASTra haiN| jo loga IrAna aura bhAratakI ora Aye, unake vaMzaja IrAnI aura bhAratIya Arya hue| isake viparIta sva0 lokamAnya tilakakA mata thA ki Arya logoMkA Adideza uttarIya dhra vake pAsakA sthAna thaa| eka samaya pRthivIkA vaha bhAga manuSyoM ke basaneke yogya thaa| jaba vahA~ hima aura sardIkA prakopa bar3hA to AryoMko vahA~se haTa jAnA pdd'aa| kucha loga yUrupameM base, kucha IrAnameM aura kucha bhaartmeN| ( aorn)| anya kucha bhAratIya vidvAnoMkA eka tIsarA mata hai ki RgvedameM saptasindhava dezakI hI mahimA gAI gaI hai| yaha deza sindhu nadIse lekara sarasvatI nadI taka thaa| ina donoM nadiyoMke bIcameM pUrA paMjAba aura kAzmIra A jAtA hai / tathA kumbhA nadI jise Aja kAbula kahate haiM, usakI bhI vedameM carcA hai| ataH aphagAnistAnakA vaha bhAga

Page #36
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 11 jisameM kAbula nadI bahatI hai, AryoMke dezameM garbhita thA / yaha saptasindhava deza hI AryoMkA Adi deza thA ( A. A. 33 ) / kintu prAcya bhASAvid DA su caTarjIkA kahanA hai ki prAcIna rUr3hivAdI hindUmata ki Arya bhArata meM svayaMbhUta hue the, vicAraNIya hI nahIM hai ( bhA0 A hi 0 pR0 20 ) / inhIM AyakI dena veda hai| hI veda devI devatAoM aura rAjA Adike sambandhameM jo bhI kavitAe~ tathA maMtra banAye gaye the, unake saMgrahakA nAma hI veda hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki veda kahA~se Ae, kisane inako banAyA aura kaise. inakA vikAsa huA, isakA jJAna prArambhase hI kisIko na thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vedoMko apauruSeya mAnA jAtA hai / kintu pAzcAtya vidvAnoMke mata se inake nirmANakA kAla IsAse do hajAra varSa pUrvake lagabhaga hai / arat do vyAkhyAe~ mukhyarUpase mAnI jAtI haiM, eka attarai aura dUsarI sAyaNakI / sAyaNakI vyAkhyA hI pAzcAtya bhASAoM meM kiye gaye vedoMke bhASAntaroMkI AdhArabhUta hai / eka tIsarI vyAkhyA svAmI dayAnandane kI hai, jo Arya samAjiyoMko mAnya hai / sAyaNa aura dayAnandake vyAkhyAnoM meM utanA hI antara hai jitanA dakSiNa aura uttara meM / vidvAnoMkA kahanA hai ki ukta vaidika bhASyakartAoM ke bhASyoM meM sabase bar3I truTi yaha hai ki unhoMne vedoMke udgama sthAnakA rahasya jAne binA hI una para bhASya racanA kara DAlI | sabase bar3A prazna yaha hai ki vedoMke RSi kauna the, ve kahA~ rahate the, vedoMmeM kisa 1

Page #37
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA deza tathA lokakI ghaTanAoMkA ullekha hai ? jaba taka purAne itihAsa tathA purANakA jJAna na ho, taba taka vedoMkA samajhanA kaThina hai| jaise vaidikI hiMsAke prabala virodhake kAraNa upekSita hue vedoMkI punaH pratiSThAke hetu svAmI dayAnandane vaidika bhASya racA, vaise hI vedavirodhI panthoMko dabAneke liye yAskane IsAse kaI sau varSa pUrva nirukta racA thA / yAska munike samayameM AcArya-kotsakA mata thA ki vedoMke maMtra nirarthaka haiM (nirukta a 1, pAda 5) / Rgvedake maNDala 50, sUkta 106 ke prArambhika gyAraha maMtra isake udAharaNa haiM, inameM eka maMtra hai, 'jarbharI turpharI' / sAyaNa ne bhI apane Rgveda bhASyameM svIkAra kiyA hai ki isa maMtrakA artha samajha nahIM pdd'taa| anya bhI kucha maMtra haiM jinake sambandhameM sAyaNane likhA hai ki ina maMtroMse arthakA kucha bhI bodha nahIM hotA ( Rgveda, bhUmikA pR07) / aura ThIka bhI hai, IsAse kamase kama do hajAra varSa pUrva nibaddha hue vedoMkA yathArtha abhiprAya IsAse 1500 varSa bAda race gaye bhASyoMse kaise prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vedoMke sambandhameM tIna pakSa haiM-dhArmika, aitihAsika aura bhaugolik| tInoMko dRSTimeM rakhakara hI vedakA paricaya karAnA ucita hogaa| Rgveda vartamAnameM upalabdha isa saMhitA arthAt sagrahameM dasa maNDala haiN| jinameM kula 1017 sUkta haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha 1. 'itihAsa purANAbhyAM vedaM samupabRhayet / ' itihAsa aura purANake dvArA vedArthakA vistAra karanA cAhiye /

Page #38
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 13. saMgraha vibhinna kAloM meM kiyA gayA hai aura usake mUlameM purohita varga meM pracalita dhArmika paramparAko surakSita rakhanekI bhAvanA hai / vedakA antima saMkalana vedavyAsane kiyA thA / RgvedakI RcAoM kA adhikAMza bhAga vaidika devatAoMkI stutiyoM aura prArthanA se sambaddha hai / aisI RcAoM kI saMkhyA, jo vaidika devatAoM se sambaddha nahIM haiM, kaThinatAse cAra dazaka se adhika hoMgI / ina RcAoMmeM, mukhyatayA prathama aura dasaveM maNDalameM jo dAnastutiyA~ haiM, unameM kucha jAtiyoM, sthAnoM aura rAjAoM tathA RSiyoM ke nAma Ate haiM, jinameM racayitAne unakI udAratA kI prazaMsA kI hai / kintu ye dAnastutiyA~ utanI prAcIna nahIM mAnI jAtIM / bhaugolika sthiti vedoM meM saptasindhava dezakI hI mahimA gAI gaI hai / yaha deza sindhu nadIse lekara sarasvatI nadI taka thA / ina donoM nadiyoMke bIca meM pUrA paMjAba aura pUrA kAzmIra AjAtA hai / kumbhAnadIkA nAma bhI AtA hai, jise Ajakala kAbula kahate / isase pratIta hotA hai ki aphagAnistAnakA kAbula nadIvAlA bhAga bhI Ake dezameM thA / saptasindhava dezakI sAtoM nadiyoMke nAma the - sindhu, vipAzA (vyAsa), zatadra (satalaja), vitastA (jhelama), asikkI ( canAva), paruSNI (rAvI) aura sarasvatI / inhIM sAta nadiyoMke kAraNa isa dezako saptasindhava kahate the / sarasvatIke pAsa hI dRSadvatI thii| manusmRti meM (2, 7) meM kahA hai ki 'sarasvatI aura dRSadvatI devanadiyA~ haiM, inake bIca devanirmita brahmAvarta deza hai / ' Rqa 10-75-5 meM gaMgA yamunAkA bhI nAma AyA hai. parantu yaha kevala nAmollekha hai / isase itanA hI pramANita hotA hai ki

Page #39
jai0 sA. i0 - pUrva pIThikA 1 maMtrakArako inakA patA thA / ye donoM nadiyA~ saptasindhavase bAhara thiiN| Ajakala hinduoM meM gaMgA aura yamunAkA bahuta mahattva hai kintu vaidika kAla meM yaha bAta nahIM thI / una dinoM sindhu aura sarasvatIkA hI yazogAna hotA thA / unhoMke taTapara yakI vastiyA~ thIM ( 0 A0, pR0 38 ) / Rgveda kI RcAoM kA bahubhAga bhI sarasvatI ke taTapara racA gayA pratIta hotA hai / yaha do ambAlA se dakSiNa meM bahatI thI / 14 Rgveda vidhya parvatakA aura narmadAkA ullekha nahIM hai, isase sahaja hI yaha anumAna hotA hai ki AryoMne taba taka dakSiNa kA paricaya prApta nahIM kiyA thA / RgvedameM siMhakA bhI nirdeza nahIM hai, jo baMgAla ke jaMgaloMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| cAvalakA nirdeza bhI nahIM hai, jaba ki bAda ke saMhitAgranthoM meM usakA nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai / jAtiyA~ ( kabIle ) vaidika Arya bhAratake jisa bhAgase paricita the, vaha bhAga vibhinna jAtiyoMmeM vibhAjita thA, aura pratyeka jAtikA zAsaka eka rAjA thA / RgvedameM dasa rAjAoMke eka prasiddha yuddhakA varNana hai / yaha yuddha bharatoM aura uttara pazcimakI jAtiyoMke bIca meM huA thA / bharatoMkA rAjA sudAsa thaa| pahale usakA purohita vizvAmitra thA jisakI saMrakSakatAmeM bharata loga apane zatruoMse saphalatA pUrvaka lar3e the / kintu bAdako sudAsane vizvAmitrake sthAna para vaziSThako apanA purohita banAyA / sambhavataH isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki vaziSTha ucca brAhmaNa thA / tabase donoM purohitoM meM virodhakA lambA prakaraNa calatA rahA / vizvAmitrane badalA leneke liye bharatoMke viruddha dasa rAjAoM meM mela karA diyA /

Page #40
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 15 ina dasameMse pA~cakA nAma ullekhanIya hai, ve haiM-aNu, druhya , turvaka, yadu tathA puru| puru sarasvatI ke taTa para rahate the, ataH ve bharatoMke par3ausI the| sudAsakA pitA athavA pitAmaha divodAsa thaa| turvazoM, yaduoM aura puruoMke sAtha usakA yuddha huA thaa| kintu usakA sabase bar3A zatru dAsa zambara thA, usake sAtha divodAsakA lagAtAra yuddha hotA rhaa| paNiyoM, pArAvatoM aura bisayoM ke sAtha bhI usakA yuddha huaa| divodAsa bhAradvAja purohitoMke vaMzakA saMrakSaka thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dAsa aura paNi sambhavatayA mUlanivAsI the, jinase pratyeka Arya rAjAkI lar3AI huii| RgvedameM puruoMkA ullekha anu, druhyu , turvaza aura yaduoMke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai| __puru loga yadyapi yuddha meM sudAsase hAra gaye tathApi Rgvedake kAlameM puru eka bar3I zaktizAlI jAti thii| puru rAjAoMkI asAdhAraNa lambI sUcI puru jAtike mahattvako sUcita karatI hai| puruoMke mukhya zatru bharata loga the| sambhavataH unhoMne hI unheM sindhu kSetrase haTAyA thaa| Rk ( 7-8-4 ) meM puruoMko jItaneke upalakSyameM bharatoMke agnihotra karanekA nirdeza hai| puruoMkA eka rAjA purukutsa thA aura usake putrakA nAma trasadasyu thaa| dasa rAjAoMke yuddhameM purukutsa mArA gayA ! RgvedakI RcAoMmeM AdivAsiyoMke Upara puruoMkI vijayakA ullekha milatA hai| ___ aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki bAdako puru loga apane pUrva virodhI bharatoMmeM mila gaye aura phira donoM jana kuruoMmeM mila gaye, kyoMki uttarakAlameM vaidika paramparAse puruoMkA nAma lopa ho jAtA hai| aise bhI pramANa milate haiM jo puruoMko ikSvAku siddha karate haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa (8,5-4-3) ke anusAra

Page #41
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA purukutsa ikSvAku thA / ataH ikSAku paramparA mUlataH pururAjAoMkI eka paramparA thI / uttara ikSvAkuoM kA sambandha ayodhyAse thA (vai0 iM0. ji01, pR0 75 ) / puruoMke sambandha meM eka ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki zatapatha brAhmaNameM ( 6, 8-1-14 ) unheM asura rAkSasa batalAyA hai / paNi 16 Rgveda meM dAsoM aura dasyuoM ke sAtha pariNayoMkA bhI ullekha Ayake zatrurUpameM prAyaH milatA hai / yadyapi ve dhanika aura aizvarya sampanna the, kintu na to vaidika devatAoMkI pUjA karate the aura na purohitoM ko dakSiNA dete the / sanbhavataH isIlie ve tIvra ghRNAke pAtra samajhe jAte the / RgvedameM unheM svArthI, yajJa na karanevAlA, virodhI bhASAbhASI, bher3iyekI taraha lAlacI, kaMjUsa dAsa aura dasyu batalAyA hai / kucha RcAoM meM paNiyoMkA citraNa daityoMke rUpameM milatA hai| ve devoMkI gAyeM curA lete the, varSA nahIM hone dete the / paNi loga vaidika devatA indrako nahIM mAnate the / Rgveda 10- 108 meM ina pANiyoMke sAtha indrakI dUtI saramAkA sambAda hai / jaba pANi loga vRhaspatikI gAyeM pakar3akara le gaye to indrane saramA nAmaka dUtIko unakA patA lagAneke lie bhejA / saramAne patA lagAkara paNiyoMse kahA - indrane gAyeM mA~gI haiM, unheM lauTA do / taba paNiyoMne pUchA- sarame ! jisa indrakI tU dUtI hai vaha kaisA hai, aura usakI senA kaisI hai ? isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki paNi loga indrase aparicita the / sambhavatayA isIse unheM 'anIndra' kahA hai / 1. 1, 33-3, 83 - 2, 151-9, 180-7, 4-28-7, 5-345, 7, 6-13-3, 8-64-2, 10-6-6 Adi / 2. 1-32-11, 2-24 6, 4-58-4, 6-44-22, 7-9-2, 10-67-6 /

Page #42
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 17 asurAH paNayo nAma rasApAranivAsinaH / gAste'pajahurindrasya nyagRha~zca prayatnataH // rasAke pAra rahanevAle asura paNi loga indrakI gAyeM lekara bhAga gaye aura unheM bar3e yatnase apane kiloMmeM chipA diyaa| indrane apanI dUtI bhejii| zatayojanavistArAmatarattAM rasAM punaH / yasyAH pAre pare teSAM puramAsIt sudurjayam // 'dRtI sau yojana vistAravAlI rasA nadIko tairakara usa pAra pahuMcI, jahA~ una paNiyoMkA durjaya kilA thaa|' abhItaka yaha nizcita nahIM ho sakA ki ye paNi kauna the| saMskRtake zabda paNika yA vaNika , paNya aura vipaNise aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paNi loga RgvaidikakAlIna vyApArI the| ___ eka videzI vidvAn ( Ludwig ) kA mata hai ki paNiyoMse lar3aneke ullekha spaSTa rUpase batalAte haiM, ve AdivAsI vyApArI the jo samUha banAkara vyApArake lie videza jAte the aura AryoMke AkramaNase bacaneke liye lar3aneko udyata rahate the| apane isa matake samarthanameM vaha paNiyoMko dAsa aura dasyu batalAnevAle ullekhoMko upasthita karatA hai / astu jo kucha ho, itanA spaSTa hai ki paNi vaidika AryoMke devoMko nahIM pUjate the| (vai . iM0 ji0 1, 471-72 / vai0 e0, pR0 28- 6 / kai0 hiM, ji 1, pR086-87 ) / RgvedakI aneka RcAoMmeM dasyu zabda AyA hai kuchameM daivI zatruoMke liye prayukta huA hai aura kuchameM mAnavIya zatruoMko, jo sambhavatayA isa dezake AdivAsI the, dasyu kahA hai| AryoM aura dasyuoMke bIcameM jo bar3A bheda thA vaha thA unakA dharma / dasyu yajJa

Page #43
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pITikA nahIM karate the / RgvedameM ( 10-22-8 ) meM unheM a-kamo-kriyA kANDa na karane vAlA, 'adevayu devatAoMkA apakSapAtI, abrAhmaNa, ayajvAna'-yajJa na karanevAlA, a-vrata-vrata rahita, anyatrata - vaidika-atirikta vratoMko dhAraNa karanevAlA, devapIyu'-devatAoM kI nindA karanevAlA Adi kahA hai| ina vizeSaNoMse spaSTa hai, yahA~ dasyuse Azaya aise manuSyoMkA hai jo AryoMke dharmako nahIM mAnate the| dAsoMke sAtha tulanA karanese unameM aura dAsoMmeM thor3A hI antara pratIta hotA hai| dasyuoMke kavIle nahIM hote the| tathA indrakI dasyu hatyAkA to prAyaH ullekha hai kintu dAsa hatyAkA nahIM hai| Rgveda (5-6-10) meM unheM anAsa' kahA hai / isa zabdakA Azaya anizcita-sA hai| padAnukramaNI tathA sAyaNa bhASyameM isakA artha ana-Asa-vinA mukhakA kiyA hai| kintu 'a-nAsa' 'nAka rahita' artha vizeSa upayukta pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki AdivAsI dravir3oMkI nATa capaTI hotI thii| dasyuaoMkA dUsarA vizeSaNa 'mRdhuvAcaH' hai jo anAsake sAtha AtA hai| isakA anuvAda aspaSTa vANI yA 'na samajhane yogya vANI' kiyA gayA hai| arthAt unakI bolI Arya loga nahIM samabhate the| etareya brAhmaNameM dasyukA artha bhratyaH-asabhya manuSya pAyA jAtA hai| dasyukI taraha dAsa zabdakA bhI prayoga RgvedakI kucha RcAoMmeM daivI zatruke rUpameM kiyA hai, kintu bahuta-sI RcAoMmeM dAsa zabda AryoMke mAnava zatruoMkA sUcaka hai| dAsoMke kavIle the aura pura the, jo loheke bane the| unakA varNa kRSNa thaa| dasyuaoMkI 1.R0 8-70-11 / R0 4-16-6 / 3.08-70-11 / 4. R0 8-70-11 / 5. atharva0 12-1-27 /

Page #44
. prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 16 taraha ve bhI 'anAsa' aura 'mRdhuvAcaH' the| tathA bar3e sampattizAlI the / iliviza, dhuni, cumuri, zambara, varacina, pighu Adi dAsoMke rAjA the| bAdako inameMse kuchako daityarAja aura indra tathA anya devatAoMkA zatru mAna liyA gyaa| kirAta, kIkara, cANDAla, parNAka aura simyu vagairaha dAsa jAtiyA~ thIM, jo adhikatara gaGgAkI ghATImeM rahatI thI aura jaba bharata loga pUrava aura dakSiNa pUravakI ora bar3he to unake sAtha lar3I thiiN| Rgvaidika RSiyoMkI dRSTi meM dAsa aura dasyumeM koI bheda nahIM thA, yaha bAta isase spaSTa hai ki kucha vizeSaNa samAna rUpase donoMke liye prayukta kiye gaye haiM tathA kucha vyaktiyoMko dAsa aura dasyu donoM kahA hai| ___RgvedameM aise aneka duSTa AtmAoMkI carcA hai jo devoMke zatru the aura devatAoMke viruddha lar3e the| ye devatAoMke zatru uttarakAlIna vaidika sAhityameM jisa nAmase sambodhita kiye gaye, vaha 'asura' zabda RgvedameM abhI taka bhI apane purAne artha'Azcaryajanaka zaktikA dhArI' meM maujUda hai| IrAnI uccAraNakI vizeSatAke kAraNa 'sa' kA uccAraNa 'ha' honese pArasiyoMkI avestAmeM yaha zabda 'ahura' ke rUpameM vartamAna hai| ___dAsa aura dasyu zabda bhI, jo bhAratake AdivAsI anAryoMke liye bhI vyavahRta hue haiM. RgvedameM duSToMke liye pAye jAte haiN| inake sivAya rAkSasa aura rakSasa zabda bhI haiN| ye saba zabda vaidika devatAoMke virodhiyoM ke lie prayukta huye haiN| ___ RgvedameM jitanI stuti indrakI hai, itanI anya saba devatAoM kI milakara bhI nahIM hai| ataH indako vaidika AryoMkA jAtIya devatA kahA jA sakatA hai| RgvedakAlIna AyI eka lar3AkU

Page #45
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA jAtike rUpameM the, so indra bhI eka yoddhA devatAke rUpameM vaNita haiN| aneka RcAoMmeM vRtrake sAtha indrake yuddhakA varNana hai| indra kevala vRtrase hI nahIM lar3A, kintu anya bhI aneka duSToMse ldd'aa| itihAsajJoMkA mata hai ki indrakI yaha lar3AiyA~ una lar3AiyoMkI sUcaka haiM jo AryoMko bhAratameM basane para yahA~ke vAsiyoMse lar3anA par3I thIM ( vinTa0 hi0 li0, pR084)| __bAdake sAhityameM eka susaMskRta jAtike aneka ullekha pAye jAte haiM, jo asura kahalAtI thii| ye asura sabhya puruSoMke rUpameM mAne gaye haiN| kintu bhAratIya AryoMke devatAoMko nahIM mAnate the, isalie inheM hIna vatalAyA gayA hai| mahAbhAratameM asuroMkA varNana eka susaMskRta dAnava jAtike rUpameM pAyA jAtA hai, jo makAna banAnemeM catura the, kintu jo devatAoMke bhI bhayAnaka zatru the| itihAsajJoMkA mata hai ki paMjAvakI bhUmiko hastagata kara lenepara bhAratIya AryoMkA saMgharSa eka adhika susabhya janatAke sAtha huA thA ( prI* hi0 I0, pR0 19) / indra ke viSayameM kahA gayA hai ki usane samvarake sau prAsAdoMko naSTa kiyA thaa| tathA eka anya anArya rAjA pitrake nagaroMko ujAr3A thA aura zuznako lUTA thaa| satalaja aura yamunAke bIcake upajAU pradezameM AryoMkI muThabheTa jina susabhya logoMse huI unake mahala the, nagara the aura be bar3e dhanI the| ye saba dravir3a the aura AryoMse nizcita hI adhika susaMskRta the| dhIre-dhIre ve saba jIta liye gaye aura AryoM meM mila gye| inameMse kucha manuSyoMkA ThIka patA nahIM calatA, unheM AryoM meM nAga kahate haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNameM asuroMke pramukha vRtrako nAga kahA hai| kintu mahAbhAratameM use daityarAja batalAyA hai| jaba Arya paMjAvase gaMgAkI ora bar3he to unheM cAroM orase

Page #46
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa asuroMne ghera liyA thaa| pANDava-kaurava yuddhake samaya ina asuroMke hAthameM magadha aura aAjakA rAjapUtAnA thaa| ye asura sthApatyakalAmeM atyanta catura the| aura Arya loga unakI isa kalAkA Adara karate the| vaidika sAhityameM asuroMke nagaroMko pAtAla, hiraNyapura, takSazilA Adi nAmoMse kahA gayA hai| pUrvIya dezoMmeM asurarAja jarAsandhakI rAjadhAnI girivajrakI prazaMsA bhImane kI thii| mahAbhAratameM likhA hai ki yudhiSThirake rAjasUya yajJake lie maNDapa mayadAnavane banAyA thA (prI0 hi * iM0 pR0 20 ) / etareya brAhmaNameM RSi vizvAmitrake sambandhame eka kathA AtI hai| usane apane putroMko Arya dezakI sImAoMpara vasanekA zApa diyA thaa| unakI santAnane dasyuoMke bar3e-bar3e giroha banAye aura ve Anna, puNDra, pulinda, zabara aura mUtiva kahalAye / mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa aura purANoMmeM AndhroM, pulindoM aura zabaroMko dakSiNa bhAratakI jAtiyA~ batalAyA hai| inameMse prathama kaliMgameM aura zeSa do vindhya zreNIke dakSiNameM vasate the| puNDra loga baMgAlake uttara bhAgameM rahate the| unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnIkA nAma puDravardhanapura rakhA thaa| . .. RgvedameM dyAvA-pRthvI, varuNa, vizvakarmA, aditi, tvaSTA, uSasa , azvI, indra, brahmaNaspati, marut , rudra, parjanya, agni, soma, yama, aura pitara devoMkA stavana kiya gayA hai| bhautika jIvanakI bhautika AvazyakatAyeM pUrNa karanevAle sAdhana prApta karane ke lie hI mukhyarUpase ina devatAoMkI ArAdhanA kI jAtI thii| vaidika maMtroMkI prArthanAoMmeM aihika bhautika AkAMkSAoMkA hI ghoSa suna par3atA hai| unameM anna, pazu, dhana, zarIrendriya sAmarthya, bhAryA, dAsa, vIra putra, zatrunAza, roganivAraNa AdikI mA~ga mukhya hai / kintu uttarakAlIna bhAratIya sAhityameM bahutAyatase

Page #47
22 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA pAye jAnevAle sanyAsa dharmakA cinha bhI RgvedakI RcAoMmeM nahIM miltaa| (hi. iM0 li. ( vinTara0), ji0 1, pR068) baidika upAsanAmeM mitra aura varuNakA bar3A mahatva thaa| mitra sUryakA nAma hai, sUrya dinake svAmI haiN| candra tArA Adise suzobhita AkAzakA nAma varuNa hai| varuNa rAtrike svAmI haiN| Ajakala mitrake nAmase koI pUjA nahIM hotI / hA~, sUryake nAmoMke pAThameM mitra zabda bhI AjAtA hai| varuNakA bhI vaha pada nahIM rahA / tIsare deva, jinakA vaidika upAsanAmeM mahattva hai, agni hai| RgvedakA pahalA maMtra hai--- agnimIDe purohitam / yajJasya devamRtvijam hotAraM ratnadhAtamam / agni devoMke purohita haiN| purohitakA artha hai Age rakhA huaa| agnimeM Ahuti dekara hI devoMko tuSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH anya saba devoMkI upAsanA bhI agnike dvArA hI ho sakatI hai| hinduoMmeM yajJa yAgAdike banda ho jAnese agnikA bhI purAnA mahattva jAtA rhaa| kintu pArasiyoMmeM agnikA vahI purAnA pada hai| agnike dvArA hI pArasI loga upAsanA karate haiN| ___ cauthe devatA haiM indra / RgvedameM jitanI stuti indrakI hai utanI kisI anya devakI nahIM hai| balki saba devoMkI milakara bhI nahIM hai| indrameM saba devoMke guNa vartamAna haiN| vaha saba devoMse bar3e haiM / unake barAbara koI upAsya nahIM, unake samAna manuSyoMkA kalyANa karanevAlA dUsarA nhiiN| unheM indra, vRtraghna, vRtrahA, mAghavA, zatakratu Adi nAmoMse pukArA gayA hai (A0 prA0 pR0 56-57) / agni aura somakI mahimA kevala indrase hI kama hai| soma mUlataH banaspati thaa| vaidika AryoM meM somapAnakI prathA vyApaka thii| pIche somase candramAkA artha bhI aagyaa|

Page #48
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa vaidika devatAoMkA mukhya lakSaNa bala sAmarthya aura zakti thA, ve mukhyataH zakti aura maz2abUtIko denevAle the| puNya aura bhalAIkA vicAra unameM nahIM thaa| dharmabhIrutA aura bhaktikI preraNA unase nahIM milatI thii| Arya upAsaka apane devata oMse sabhI isI lokakI vastueM mA~gatA thaa| devapUjA aura pitRpUjA vaidikadharmake mukhya aMza the aura vaha pUjA yajJameM Ahuti denese hotI thii| yajJameM Ahuti yA bali denese devatAoMkI tRpti hotI thii| vaidikakAlameM AryoMke dharmakA mukhya cinha yajJa hI the / ve yajJa purohitoMke dvArA hote the| yajJoMke vikAsake sAtha sAtha purohitoMkI eka zreNI banatI gii| aura yajJoMkA ADambara bar3ha jAnepara unakA karanA dhanADhyoMke lie hI zakya hogyaa| dArzanika mantavya Rgvedake dasaveM maNDala meM jo apekSAkRta arvAcIna hai hindU darzanake prArambhika rUpakA AbhAsa milatA hai| usameM bahudevatA vAdake viSayameM zaGkA kI gaI hai aura vizvakI ekatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| sRSTi viSayaka vicAra karate hue sRSTiko vizvakarmA athavA hiraNyagarbhakI upaja batAyA hai| __puruSa sUktameM eka prAthamika daityake balidAnase, jisakA nAma puruSa thA. sRSTikA nirmANa huaa| sAMkhyadarzanameM yaha puruSa nAma AtmAke lie vyavahRta huaa| vidvAnoMke matAnusAra ye vicAra hI hindU darzanake janaka hue. ( kai0 hi0, ji . 1, pR0 107 ) / RgvedameM maraNottara jIvana sambandhI vicAra nagaNyasA hI hai| murdoko yA to jalAyA jAtA thA yA daphanAyA jAtA thaa| yadi jalAyA jAtA thA to asthiyoMko pRthvImeM gAr3a diyA jAtA thaa| isase sUcita hotA hai ki daphanAnekI paddhati prAcIna thI

Page #49
24 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA aura yaha prAcIna paddhati punarjanma ke siddhAntakaM prabhAvase parivartita ho gaI jisakA zreya bhAratIya jalavAyuko hai / ( ke0 hi0, ji. 1, pR0 107 ) / vaidika AryoMkA yaha vizvAsa to thA ki zarIrake bAda bhI AtmA jIvita rahatA hai / isIse ve Darakara apane purakhoM ke bhUtoMko pUjate the| kintu bhaviSya jIvana kabhI samApta nahIM hotA aura AtmA amara hai, aisA spaSTa vicAra AryoM kA honA sandigdha hI hai / ataH ve maraNottara jIvanake sambandha meM vizeSa utsukatA nahIM rakhate the / phira bhI Rgveda meM yatra tatra usakI jhalaka milatI hai / jaise dasaveM maNDalameM devayAna aura pitRyAnakA nirdeza hai / isapara se yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isake dvArA paraloka meM jAnekA mArga sUcita kiyA hai| eka sthAnapara kahA hai ki mRtyuke bAda manuSya yamake rAjyameM calA jAtA hai, jahA~ yama aura pitRgaNa amaratvake Ananda ke bIca nivAsa karate haiN| yajJa tathA devoMkI pUjAke dvArA hI usa svarga meM jAyA jA sakatA hai (R0 10-14-8)| Rgveda ( 10- 16- 3 ) meM jahA~ mRtAtmAse anya sthAnoM meM jAneke lie kahA gayA hai, punarjanmake bIja koI vidvAna mAnate haiM / isa viSayaka samarthaka pramANoMkI itanI nyUnatA hai ki DA0 rUthane yahI mAna liyA ki vaidika RSi maraNottara vinAzavAdI the / punarjanmake vizvAsakA spaSTa nirdeza to brAhmaNa granthoMmeM hI milatA hai / RgvedakAlIna Arya to isI lokake Anandake liye utsuka rahate the| tabhI to Rveda dIrghajIvana, rogamukti, vIrasantAna, dhana, zakti, khAna-pAnakI bahutAyata, zatruoMkI parAjaya Adi ihalaukika sambandhI prArthanAoM se bharA huA hai / (vai0 iM0, ji0 2,

Page #50
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 25 pR0 175 / hi. phi0 i0 ve0, ji0 1, pR. 49-50 | kai. hi0, ji0 1, pR0 107-508 / vai0 e0 pR0 381) ___ anya veda aura brAhmaNa zeSa tInoM veda aura brAhmaNa grantha Rgvedake bAdameM race gaye haiM, kyoMki inameM jisa bhaugolika aura sAMskRtika sthitike darzana hote haiM vaha Rgvedake pIchekI hai| isa kAlameM vaidika Arya dakSiNa-pUrvakI ora bar3ha gaye the aura gaMgAke pradezameM basa gaye the| kintu brAhmaNa granthoMse yaju sAma aura atharva vizeSa prAcIna haiN| yaha saMbhava hai ki ina saMhitAoMkA sabase uttarakAlIna bhAga aura brAhmaNoMkA sabase prAcIna bhAga eka hI samayameM racA gayA ho, kyoMki RgvedakI tulanAmeM, atharva aura yajurveda tathA brAhmaNa granthoM parase jisa bhaugolika tathA sAMskRtika sthitikA darzana hotA hai usa parase ukta matakA samarthana hotA hai| atharvaveda ke samayameM vaidika Arya RgvedIya sindhudezase pUravameM gaMmAkI ora bar3ha gaye the| aura yajurveda tathA brAhmaNa granthoMse jisa pradezakI sUcanA milatI hai vaha hai kuruvoM aura pAJcAloMkA deza / sarasvatI aura dRSadvatI nadIke bIcakA kSetra kurukSetra thA aura isase lagA huA, uttara pazcimase lekara dakSiNa pUrva taka phailA huA gaMgA aura jamunAke bIcakA pradeza pAJcAla thaa| isIko brahmAvarta arthAt brAhmaNoMkA deza kahate the / yaha pradeza kevala yajurveda aura brAhmaNa granthoMkI janma bhUmi nahIM thA, kintu samasta brAhmaNa sabhyatAkA ghara thA (vinTa0, hi0 iM0 li0 bhA0 1 pR0 196) / ___etareya brAhmaNameM likhA hai ki kaurakvaMzI rAjA bharata dauSyantIne eka sau tetIsa azvamedha yajJa kiye the| unameMse 78

Page #51
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA yajJa to jamunAke taTa para kiye the aura 55 yajJa gaMgAke taTa para kiye the| yaha ullekha ukta kathanakA samarthaka hai| sindhu dezase Arya sabhyatAkA prasAra kidharako huA isakA nirdeza zatapatha brAhmaNameM milatA hai| likhA hai-sarasvatIke taTase agnihotrane gaMgAke uttara taTa para gamana kiyA, aura phira sarayu, gaNDaka tathA kosI nadIko pAra karake sadAnIrA ( rAptI ) nadIke pazcimI taTa para phuNcaa| usameM agnihotrake magadha athavA dakSiNa vihAra tathA baMgAlameM praveza karanekA ullekha nahIM hai| ye ullekha batalAte haiM ki paMjAba tathA uttara pradezake bhAgoMke sivAya bhAratake anya bhAgoMmeM vaidika Arya apanI vastiyA~ nahIM vasA sake the, (prI0 hi0 iM0 pRSTha 21 ) / etareya AraNyaka, ( 2, 1-1-5 ) meM vaMga, vagadha aura cerapAdoMko vaidika dharmakA virodhI batalAyA hai| inameMse vaMga to nissandeha baMgAlake adhivAsI haiM, vagadha azuddha pratIta hotA hai, sambhavatayA 'magadha' honA cAhiye / 'cerapAda' vihAra aura madhyapradezake cera loga jAna par3ate haiN| DA. bhaNDArakarane (bhA0, iM0, patrikA, ji0 12, pRSTha 105) likhA hai ki 'brAhmaNa kAla taka arthAt IsvI pUrva 600 ke lagabhaga taka pUrvIya bhAratake cAra samUha magadha, puDa, vaMga aura cerapAda Arya sImAke antargata nahIM Aye the / ' 'isa prakAra asura loga usa samaya vihArase AsAma taka vase hue the| unakI apanI sabhyatA aura saMskRti thii| unhoMne sudIrgha kAla taka brAhmaNa dharmake AkramaNakA sAmanA avazya hI bar3I dRr3hatAse kiyaa| antameM brAhmaNa dharmane asuroMkI sabhyatAke Upara hI apanI sabhyatAkA bIjAropaNa kiyaa|

Page #52
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa jAtiyAM yA kabIle isa kAla meM Rgveda meM nirdiSTa vibhinna jAtiyoMmeM bahuta parivartana dRSTigocara hotA hai / bahuta sI prAcIna jAtiyAM yA to lupta hogaI haiM, yA anya jAtiyoM meM mila gaI haiM athavA apanA prAdhAnya kho baiThI haiM aura aneka navIna jAtiyAM prakAzameM AtI haiN| paMjAba kI pAMca pradhAna jAtiyAM- puru, anu, druhyu, yadu aura turvaza pIche calI gaI haiM / jaisA ki pahale likhA hai -- puru bharatoM ke sAtha kuruoM meM mila gaye haiM aura apane ina mitroMke sAtha-sAtha pAJcAla loga isa kAla ke sarva pradhAna vyakti haiM / bharata eka jAti ke rUpa meM to lupta ho jAte haiM kintu unake rAjAoM kI khyAti jIvita hai / bharata dauSyantI aura sAtarAjItakA nirdeza azvamedhake kartA prasiddha rAjAoM ke rUpa meM AtA hai / tathA unheM kAzI aura sAtvantoMkA vijetA aura gaMgA tathA yamunAke taTapara azvamedha yajJa karanevAlA batalAyA hai / 1 paJcAloM, vazoM aura uzInaroMke sAtha-sAtha kuru logoMne madhya dezapara adhikAra kara liyA thA / Rgveda meM kuru zravaNa nAmake eka rAjAkA to nirdeza hai, kintu kuru jAtikA nirdeza nahIM hai / atharvaveda (20-127-7 ) meM kururAja parIkSitakA varNana hai / moTe taura para Adhunika thAnezvara, dillI aura gaMgA-doAbA ke Uparale bhAga kuru rAjya meM the / 27 paJcAloMkA nirdeza kuruyoMke sAtha kuru paJcAla rUpase AtA hai / Rgveda meM paJcAla nAma nahIM AtA / kintu zatapatha brAhmaNa meM likhA hai ki paJcAloMkA purAnA nAma krivi thA jo Rgveda meM AtA hai / kuruoMse pRthaka akele paJcAloMke viSaya meM bahuta hI kama varNana milatA hai / upaniSadoMmeM pravAhaNa jaibali nAmaka eka paJcAla rAjA kA nirdeza hai jo dArzanika thA /

Page #53
28 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA mahAbhAratameM uttara paJcAloM aura dakSiNa paJcAloMkA ullekha milatA hai jo vaidika sAhityameM nahIM hai| isa parase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vaidika kAlake pazcAt paJcAlAne apanA rAjya bar3hAyA / moTe taurapara barelI, badAyuM, pharrukhAbAda tathA uttara pradeza ke inase sambaddha jiloMmeM paJcAloMkA rAjya thaa| prAcIna vaidika sAhityameM kosala aura videhakA nirdeza nahIM hai| inakA prathama nirdeza zatapatha brAhmaNa (1,4-1-10 ) meM milatA hai| ullekhoMse prakaTa hotA hai ki kosala aura videha parasparameM mitra the tathA unameM aura kuru paJcAloMmeM kucha bheda honeke sAtha hI sAtha zatrutA bhI thii| brAhmaNa dharmakA jaisA jora kurupaJcAloMmeM thA vaisA jora kosaloMmeM nahIM thaa| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki videharAja janaka upaniSad darzanakA pramukha saMrakSaka thA aura usake kAlameM videhako prAdhAnya milaa| kosala aura videhake sAtha-sAtha kAzIko bhI prAdhAnya uttara vaidika kAlameM milaa| kAzI aura videha bhI parasparameM sambaddha the| kAzI aura kosala bhI eka sAtha pAye jAte haiN| bharatarAja zatAnIka sAtrAjitake dvArA kAzIrAja dhRtarASTra ke parAjayakI eka kathA ( vai0 e0 pR0 255) pAI jAtI hai / usa parAjayake phalasvarUpa kAzIrAja dhRtarASTrako zatapatha brAhmaNake ( 13-5,4,16) kAlataka yajJAgniko prajvalita karanA chor3anA pdd'aa| ___ina pUrvIya jAtiyoMke sAtha kuru paJcAloMkA sambandha aura jo kucha bhI ho, kintu mitratA pUrNa nahIM thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki isakA kAraNa donoMmeM rAjanaitika aura sAMskRtika virodha thA (vai0 e0 pR0 255 ) / vaidika sabhyatAke prAcIna kendrase dUravartI magadhoMkA ullekha kevala uttarakAlIna vaidika sAhityameM milatA hai, aura vaha bhI

Page #54
26. prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa koI vizeSa mahattvakA nahIM hai| sarva prathama 'magadha' nAma atharvaveda ( 5-22-14 ) meM AtA hai / vahAM yaha prArthanA kI gaI hai ki gandhAriyoM, mujavantoM aura aMgoM tathA magadhoMke dezameM jvara phala jAye / inameMse pUrvakI do jAtiyAM uttarIya haiM aura zeSa do pUrvIya haiN| atharvaveda ( 15-6-1 Adi ) meM mAgadhoMko vrAtyoMse sambaddha batalAyA hai| yajurvedameM puruSamedhakI bali sUcImeM mAgadhoMkA nAma bhI sammilita hai| videzI dviAn jImmara ( Zimmer ) atharvaveda aura yajurvedameM ullikhita mAgadhoMko vaizya aura kSatriyake melase utpanna eka mizrita jAtikA batalAte haiN| ki tu sUtroM meM aura etareya AraNyaka meM magadhakA nirdeza eka dezake rUpameM kiyA gayA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki yajurveda aura atharvavedake samayameM magadha dezake vAsIko mAgadha kahA jAtA thaa| ataH mAgadha pratilomajAta jAti vahiSkRta nahIM the| vaidika inDeksa (ji0 2, pR0 116 ) meM isa kalpanAke AdhArapara ki magadha gandharvokA deza thA, mAgadhoM ko gandharva batalAyA hai. kyoMki uttara kAlameM mAgadha vandI bhATa kahalAte the| uttarakAlIna smRtiyoMmeM isa zreNIko eka pRthaka jAti batalAyA hai aura usakI utpattike lie do vibhinna jAtiyoMke vivAhakI eka kathAkA AviSkAra bhI kara DAlA hai| mAgadhoMke prati isa prakArake bhAvakA sambhAvita kAraNa yaha hai ki mAgadhoMkA brAhmaNIkaraNa nahIM ho sakA thaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa (1, 4-1-10) kI sAkSIke anusAra prAcIna kAla meM na to kosalakA aura na magadhakA pUrNarUpase brAhmaNIkaraNa huA thA, usameM bhI magadhakA to bahuta hI kama brAhmaNIkaraNa huA thaa| bhaugolika nAma zeSa tIna vedoM aura brAhmaNa granthoMke viSayameM sabase ullekhanIya ghaTanA hai sarasvatIkA lopa / jisa sthAna para usakA lopa huA

Page #55
jai0 0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA use vinazana kahate the / ataH isa kAlameM parava kI nadiyoMkA ullekha honA svAbhAvika hai / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM ( 1, 1-1-14 ) sadAnIrAkA ullekha AtA hai jo kosaloM aura videhoM ke madhya meM sImAkA kArya karatI thI / ukta vaidika sAhitya meM vibhinna sthAnoMke nAma Ate haiM / janamejaya parIkSitakI rAjadhAnIkA nAma AsandIvat thA jahA~ usake azvamedha yajJake ghor3eko bA~dhA gayA thA ( za0 brA0 13, 5-4-2 ) / yaha kurukSetra meM thii| ise hI vidvAn hastinApura kahate haiM (vai0 e0 pR0 251 ) / gaMgAke pravAha meM isake baha jAnepara kauzAmbIko rAjadhAnI banAyA gayA thA / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM kapilAnAma AtA hai jo badAyU~ aura pharrukhAbAda jiloMke madhya meM hai / naimiSAraNya nAma bhI AtA hai / yaha avadha ruhelakhaNDa relveke nimasara sTezanase kucha dUrI para thA aisA mAnA jAtA hai ! jaisA ki hama likha Aye haiM ukta vaidika sAhitya meM tIna vistRta bhUbhAgoM kA nirdeza hai- brahmAvarta yA AryAvarta, madhyadeza aura dakSiNApatha / etareya brAhmaNa meM ( 8- 14 ) sarva prathama samasta dezako pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - dhuvA madhyamA pratiSThA, diza yA madhyadeza, prAcIdiza, dakSiNAdiza, pratIcIdiza aura udIcIdiza / kintu ina vibhAgoM kA vistAra aura sImA nahIM batAI hai| Upara jina jAtiyoM yA kavIloMkA nirdeza kiyA hai ve bhAratake ukta pAMca vibhAgoMmeMse prathama do bhAgoM (madhya aura pUrvIya pradeza ) meM rahate the jaisA ki etareya brAhmaNameM likhA hai / etareya brAhmaNa meM hI dakSiNAdizake kevala eka sAtvantoM kA hI nirdeza hai / kintu inake sivAya vidarbha, niSAdha aura kuntI jAtiyA~ bhI thIM /

Page #56
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa niSadha dezake nivAsI niSadha loga niSAdoMse bilkula bhinna the| niSAda anAryajAtike liye kahA jAtA thA, kintu niSadha loga Arya the| zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 10, 6-1-2) aura chAndogya upaniSadameM (5-2-4 ) kaikayoMke rAjA azvapatikA nAma AyA hai, jo kucha brAhmaNoMko zikSaNa detA thA aura bar3A vidvAna thaa| uttara kAlameM kaikaya loga sindhu aura vitastAke madhya bhAgameM vasa gaye the| paurANika paramparAke anusAra kaikaya aNuoMke vaMzaja the| vaidika granthoM meM anya bhI aneka choTI bar3I jAtiyoMkA nirdeza hai jinheM yahA~ chor3a diyA gayA hai| ___ etareya brAhmaNameM AndhroM punDroM, zavaroM, pulindoM aura mUtiboMkA ullekha dasyuke rUpameM AyA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki vizvAmitrake pacAsa putroMne zunaHzepakA uttarAdhikArI honA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ataH vizvAmitrane unheM zApa de diyaa| ye unhIMke vaMzaja haiM aura isaliye ve AryoMkI paridhise bAhara the| mahAbhAratameM AndhroM, pulindoM aura zavaroMko dakSiNakI jAtiyA~ batalAyA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNameM mleccha zabdakA prayoga atyAcArIke arthameM pAyA jAtA hai| ve mleccha loga 'he'rayaH' ke sthAnameM 'he lavo' bolate the| yaha batalAtA hai ki ve Arya bhASAbhASI the aura prAkRta rUpoMkA prayoga karate the| uttarakAlIna saMhitAoM aura brAhmaNa granthoMmeM niSAdoMkA nirdeza hai, jisase prakaTa hotA hai ki niSAda kisI khAsa jAtikA nAma nahIM thaa| kintu jo anArya jAtiyA~ AryoMke kabje meM nahIM thIM una sabake liye 'niSAda' kahA jAtA thaa| ye niSAda cAra voM se pRthaka the| vevara unheM yahAMkA mUlanivAsI mAnate the|

Page #57
22 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA smRtiyA~ niSAdoMko brAhmaNa pitAke saMsargase zUdrA mAtAoMmeM utpanna huI santAna vatalAtI haiN| purANa unheM vinya aura satapur3A pahAr3oMkA nivAsI batalAte haiN| ukta ullekhoMse yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki uttara saMhitAoM, brAhmaNoM, upaniSadoM aura sUtroMke kAlameM vaidika Arya paMjAvase pUrabakI ora bar3he the aura gaMgAke doAvemeM basa gaye the| usa kAlameM unakA pradhAna kAryakSetra kurukSetra thaa| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki vaidika sabhyatAkA sthAna paMjAvase na.mazaH pUravakI ora badalatA gyaa| isa kAlameM paMjAva aura pazcimakI pradhAnatA hI nahIM gaI kintu zatapatha aura etareya brAhmaNameM pazcimakI jAtiyoMko tiraskArakI dRSTise dekhA gayA hai| isa kAlameM Rgvaidika kAlIna jAtiyoM meM bahuta parivartana dRSTigocara hotA hai tathA aneka naI jAtiyA~ prakAzameM AtI haiM / bharatoMkI vaha sthiti nahIM rahatI, kintu ve kuruoMmeM samA jAte hai aura kurupaJcAloMkI eka zaktizAlI jAti khar3I ho jAtI hai jisane madhyadezako hathiyA liyaa| pUravameM kosala, videha. magadha aura aMga camakate hue dRSTigocara hote haiN| Andhra puDa, mUtiva, pulinda, zavara aura niSAda ye jAtiyA~ vahiSkRta mAnI jAtI thIM jinakA brAhmaNIkaraNa nahIM ho sakA thaa| isa taraha upaniSada kAla taka narmadAke uttara taka hI pAryoMkA prabhAva vistAra ho sakA thaa| (vai. ela, pR0 552-262, kai0 hi, ji01, a05, prIhi0 ii0,)| dharma aura darzana Rgveda pazcAt kAlIna dhArmika aura dArzanika vicAroMko jAnaneke liye sabase prathama atharvavedako lenA ThIka hogA; kyoMki

Page #58
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 33 vidvAnoMke matAnusAra atharvaveda meM prAthamika dhArmika vicAroMkA rUpa rakSita hai, jo anya vaidika granthoMmeM nahIM hai / / aisI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai ki purohitake liye prAcIna bhAratIya nAma atharvana thA / ataH atharvavedakA matalaba hotA hai purohitoMkA veda yA purohitoMke liye veda / atharvakA matalaba jAdUgarIse bhI hai / prArambha meM purohita aura jAdUgara eka hI hote the / kintu pIche inameM vibheda ho gyaa| brAhmaNa smRtiyoMmeM zatruoM ke viruddha arthavavedI bhUta-pretavidyAkA prayoga karanekI spaSTa AjJA dI gaI hai ( manu0 11-33 ) / aura vaidika vidhi ke jina granthoM meM yajJoMkA varNana hai unameM bhUta-pretavidyA tathA jAdU-TonoMkA bhI varNana hai, jinake dvArA purohita bAdhAoM ko jar3amUla se ukhAr3a sakate the / atharvaveda meM ina sabakI bahutAyata hai aura isa dRSTise usakA mahattva vizeSa hai| atharvaveda meM jAdU-TonesambandhI RcAe~ bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM vartamAna haiN| inameMse kucha zatruoMke viruddha prayoga kiye jAnevAlI bhUta-pretavidyAse sambaddha haiM aura kucha AzIrvAdAtmaka haiN| ye saba rAjAoMke kAmakI vastue~ thiiN| pratyeka rAjAko eka purohita rakhane kI AjJA thI aura vaha purohita jAdUgarIkA jAnakAra hotA thA / usase vaha rAjAkI rakSA karatA thA / isaliye atharvaveda rAjanyavargase sambaddha thA ( hi0 iM0 li0, vinTa0 pR0 146 ) / brAhmaNavarga Arambha se hI eka prayogazIla varga rahA hai / vaha hamezA rAjAoM tathA anya manuSyoMke hitameM jAdU-TonekA prayoga karatA AyA hai / manusmRti ( 11-33 ) meM spaSTa kahA hai ki brAhmaNako binA kisI hicakicAhaTake atharvavedakA

Page #59
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA upayoga karanA cAhiye / zabda hI brAhmaNakA astra hai, usake dvArA vaha apane zatruoM ko mAra sakatA 1 34 isa prakAra yadyapi atharvaveda jAdU-Tone aura bhUta-pretasambandhI vidyAoMse bharA huA hai phira bhI usameM kucha dArzanika mantabya bhI pAye jAte haiM / atharvaveda bhI agni, indra Adi ve hI devatA haiM jo RgvedameM haiN| kintu unakA vaha raMga jAtA rahA hai| bhUta-pizAcoMke nAzaka ke rUpameM hI unakI prArthanA kI jAtI hai aura unakA purAnA svAbhAvika AdhAra sarvathA bhulA diyA gayA hai / vizvake racayitA aura rakSakake rUpameM eka sarvocca devatAkA vicAra tathA brahma, tapas asat Adi kucha pAribhASika zabda atharvaveda meM milate haiN| RgvedameM rudrakA jo rUpa hai aura zvetAzvatara upaniSada meM jisa zaivadarzanake darzana hote haiM, atharvaveda ke rudrazivakA rUpa una donoMke bIcakA pratIta hotA hai / isameM, jo kucha sat hai una sabakA Adya kAraNa kAlako batalAyA hai ( 10, 53 - 5 - 6 ) / kintu isa dArzanika vicArake cAroM ora jina rUpakoMkA tAnA-bAnA bunA gayA hai, unhoMne use eka rahasyakA rUpa de DAlA hai / isake sAtha hI gUr3ha kalpanAe~ bhI pAI jAtI haiM, jaise brahmacArIke vezameM prathama siddhAnta ke rUpa meM sUryakI prazaMsA, tathA baila, gAya aura vrAtyakI prazaMsA / sAdhAraNatayA graha mAnA jAtA hai ki atharvavedakA dharma, Arya aura anArya vicAroMkA mizrita rUpa hai / isa mata ke anusAra jaba vaidika Arya bhAratameM AgekI ora bar3he to unakI muThabher3a asabhya jAtiyoMse huI jo sarpa, patthara vagairahako pUjate the / Ayane unakI ina bAtoMko AtmasAt kara liyaa| isase

Page #60
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa svabhAvataH mUlanivAsI jAtiyoMke dharmako protsAhana milA aura vaidika dharmakA patana huA, kyoMki usameM jAdU-TonA ghusa baitthaa| ___ jaba hama sAmaveda aura yajurvedakI ora Ate haiM to eka navIna hI saMsArameM praveza karate haiN| samasta vAtAvaraNa yajJake dhUma aura kriyAkANDakI prazaMsAse vyApta hai| yajJase saba kucha mila sakatA hai| ye donoM veda yajJake liye hI race gaye pratIta hote haiN| jaba taka hama usa sthitiko na jAna leM jisameM rahakara yAjJika saMsthAkA vikAsa huA taba taka usa kAlake dharmakA vivaraNa samajhameM nahIM A sakatA / ataH usa para prakAza DAlA jAtA hai vaidika kAlIna yajJa yadyapa Rgvedase dharmake kisI vikasita rUpakI sunizcita rekhA sAmane nahIM paatii| tathApi itanA spaSTa hai ki vaidika AryoM kI upAsanAke mukhya stambha yajJa the| svaH lokamAnya tilakakA mata thA (orena pR0 12-13 ) ki jaise Ajakala bhI pArasiyoM ke yahA~ sadA agni prajvalita rahatI hai vaise hI vaidika RpiyoMke gharoM meM sadA agni jalatI rahatI thI aura ve usameM yajJa kiyA karate the| brAhmaNa granthoMmeM jina aneka yajJoMkI vidhiyoMkA vistArase varNana hai, ve uttarakAla meM pracalita hue hoM, yaha saMbhava hai, kintu vArSika yajJa karanekI paramparA prAcIna pratIta hotI hai| yajJa karanevAle purohitake Rtvija nAmase bhI isapara prakAza par3atA hai| Rtu+yaj-arthAt Rtu meM yajJa krnevaalaa| _ Rgvedake dekhanese pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya yajJoMkA vaisA jora nahIM thA, jaisA brAhmaNakAlameM huaa| RgvedakI adhikatara RcAe~ somayAga sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoMse pUrNa hai| aura azvamedhake sivAya anya kisI pazuyAgakA bhI ullekha

Page #61
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA nahIM hai| kintu Rgvedake puruSa sUktako lekara kucha vidvAnoMkA yaha mata hai ki isameM prAcIna naramedha prathAkA varNana hai, kyoMki zuklayajurvedameM yahI sUkta puruSamedhake arthameM liyA gayA hai| ____ yajJAnuSThAnake lie cAra RtvijoMkI AvazyakatA hotI thIhotA, udgAtA, adhvaryu tathA brahmA / hotA maMtrokA uccAraNa karake devatAoMkA AhvAna karatA thaa| isa maMtrasamudAyakA saMkalana RgvedameM hai| udgAtA RcAoMko madhura svarase gAtA thA, isake liye sAmaveda hai| yajJake vividha anuSThAnoMkA sampAdana karanA adhvaryukA kartavya thA, isake liye yajurveda hai| brahmA sampUrNa yAgakA nirIkSaka thA, jisase anuSThAnameM koI vighnabAdhA na Ave, isake liye atharvaveda hai| __ somayAgake lie hotA, udgAtA aura adhvaryuke sAtha sAta RtvijoMkA ullekha RgvedameM kiyA hai| kintu jaba hama arvAcIna saMhitAoM aura brAhmaNa granthoMko dekhate haiM to yajJoMkA hI prAdhAnya pratIta hotA hai| RtvijoMkI saMkhyA bhI 16-17 taka pahuMca gaI hai| somayAga aura pazuyAga bahuta pecIdA ho gaye haiN| Rgvedake devatAoMke sthAnapara yajJoMne Adhipatya jamA liyA hai, aura devatAoMkA prabhAva lupta ho gayA hai| kevala yajJa devatAko saba mAnate haiN| yaha yajJakartAke sAmane devatAoMko bhI jhukA sakanekI sAmarthya rakhate haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa( 1 / 3 / 3 / 3-7) meM kahA hai-'yajJa viSNu thA, aura vaha vAmana thaa| bAdameM vaha dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA gayA aura usakA sarvatra pracAra huaa| phira Age kahA hai-'devoMke puruSamedha kara cukaneke bAda puruSake avayavoMse eka jyoti nikalI, aura usane eka ghor3eke zarIrameM praveza kiyA, phira gAyameM, phira bheDameM, phira bakaremeM, phira pRthvImeM, pRthvIse vaha jau aura cAvalameM aaii|'

Page #62
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa zatapatha brAhmaNakA ukta kathana yajJake kramika vikAsapara prakAza DAlatA hai| yahAM eka pazuyAgakA vivaraNa denA anucita na hogaa| yaha pazuyAga anya pazuyAgoMkA mUlarUpa hai| yaha chai RtvijoMkI sahAyatAse hotA thaa| isameM eka pAzuka vedI hotI thI, jisapara pazuyAgake liye Avazyaka sAmAna aura AhutikA dravya rakhA jAtA thaa| ___ pazuko vA~dhane ke liye eka yUpa-lakar3IkA khUTA rahatA thA / isapara ghI cupar3A jAtA, phira eka DorI bAMdhI jaatii| usameM eka lakar3I piroI jaatii| pratyeka kAma adhvaryuko karanA paDhatA thA aura hotA pratyeka kriyAke anukUla maMtra par3atA thaa| isa taraha yUpa pazu bandhanake yogya hotaa| pazuke donoM sIgoMke bIcameM DorI bAMdhakara isa DorIko yUpameM bAMdhI gaI DorIke sAtha bAMdha diyA jaataa| isake bAda yajJakI taiyArI hotii| mukhya yAgake pahale prayAja yAgakI vidhi prArambha hotI / pazuyAgameM gyAraha prayAjayAga hote the / ina gyAraha prayAjayAgoMmeM se prathama dasameM ghIkI Ahuti dI jaatii| kintu antimameM pazukI nAbhike pAsa jo meda rahatA hai, jise vayA kahate haiM, usakI Ahuti dI jaatii| ataH gyArahaveM prayAjayAgase pahale pazuvadhakI taiyArI karanI pdd'tii| ___ jo vyakti pazuvadha karatA usako zamitA kahate the| pAzuka vedIke uttarameM pazuvadhakA sthAna hotA thaa| vahA~ pazuke zarIrako pakAneke liye agni prakaTa kI jAtI thii| eka Rtvija agnikI razAla jalAkara pazuke cAroM ora ghumaataa| isakA uddezya thA ki rAkSasa pazupara AkramaNa na kareM, kyoMki ve agnise Darate haiN| isI

Page #63
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA samaya hotA pazuvadhake liye zamitAko bulaataa| aura eka maMtra par3hatA, jisakA bhAva isaprakAra hai___ "isa kAmameM pazukI mAtA anumati de, pitA anumati de, sahodara bhAI anumati deM, isake mitra tathA sAthI anumati deN| isake paira uttara dizAmeM raheM, cakSu sUryakI ora raheM, prANa vAyukA, jIvana AkAzakA, kAna dizAoMkA aura zarIra pRthvIkA zrAzraya le| isakA camar3A isa tarahase alaga karo ki vaha phaTe nahIM / nAbhiko kATanese pahale usakI carbI nikAla lo| isakI zvAMsa bAhara na nikle| isakI chAtI isa tarahase kATo ki vaha eka para phailAye pakSIkI taraha mAlUma de| Ageke paira kaatto| isake kandhe kachuveko zaklameM kaatto| pichalA bhAga aisA kATo, use koI hAni na phuNce| jaMghAoMko karavIrakI pattIkI zakalameM kaatto| 26 pasuliyoMko alaga-alaga karalo / aura saba sabhyoMko isa taraha bA~ToM ki kucha bAkI na rhe| viSTe vagairahake lie eka nAlI khodo, khUna rAkSasoMke lie pheMka do| ___ antameM kahatA--'he vadhaka ! isa pazukA ghAta karo, ghAta karo, apApa, apApa, apApa, isa karmameM jo sukRta ho vaha hameM arpaNa kro| jo duSkRta ho vaha dUsaroMko arpaNa karo' ( taitti0 braaH)| pazukA badha ho cukaneke bAda yajamAna, usakI patnI aura adhvaryu pAnIse use dho ddaalte| adhvayu usakA peTa cIrakara vayA nikAla letaa| usakA sahAyaka pratiprasthAtA do lakar3iyoMkI sahAyatAse usa vayAko uThA kara agni para tpaataa| phira uttara vedIke bIcakI AhavanIya agnike Upara use pakar3e rhtaa| agnike tApase pighalakara vayA agnimeM ttpktii| adhvaryu usa para ghI ddaaltaa| vidhipUrvaka maMtra pAThake bAda isa vayAkA thor3A bhAga agnimeM DAlaneke pazcAt prayAjayAga

Page #64
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa pUrNa ho jAtA aura zeSa bhAga mukhya yAgake liye rakha liyA jaataa| pazuyAgakA mukhya devatA indra aura agni hai / prayAjayAgake bAda abvayu unake uddezyase pahale vayAkI Ahuti detA / vayAkI Ahutike bAda puroDAzakI Ahuti aura antameM pazuke aMgoMkI Ahuti dI jaatii| pUrNamAsa yAgameM to mukhya Ahuti puroDAzakI dI jAtI thI, kintu pazuyAgakI AhutikA dravya pazukI vayA aura mAMsa hotA thaa| kintu yadi pazumAMsake sAtha puroDAzakI Ahuti na dI jAye to pazuyAga sampUrNa nahIM hotA thaa| vayAkI Ahutike bAda eka ora agnimeM pazuke aMga pratyaMga pakAye jAte, dUsarI ora adhvayu puroDAza yAga krtaa|| __ pazuke sabhI aGga Ahutike yogya nahIM mAne jaate| hRdaya, jIbha vagairaha gyAraha aMga mukhya devatAkI Ahutike yogya mAne jAte the| pazukA rakta rAkSasoMko miltaa| raktako yajJazAlAse bAhara pheMka diyA jAtA thaa| jo zamitA pazukA vadha karatA vahI churIse pazuke aGgoMko kATakara hAMDImeM unheM pakAtA thaa| puroDAzakI Ahuti ho cukane ke bAda zamitA khabara detA ki pazukA zarIra paka gayA hai| taba adhvayu mukhya devatA indra aura agnike uddezyase pazuke aGgoMkI Ahuti detaa| mukhya yAgake pIche sviSTakRta yAga hotA / yaha yAga rudra devatAke uddezyase kiyA jAtA thaa| isake lie pazuke kucha aMga nizcita the| isake pazcAt havizeSakA bhakSaNa hotaa| Rtvija loga apanA-apanA bhAga khaajaate| jisa vastukI Ahuti do jAtI hai usake bAkI bace bhAgako 'havizeSa' kahate haiN| jabataka havizeSa nahIM khAyA jAtA tabataka yajJa pUrNa aura sArthaka nahIM hotaa| pazuyAgameM mAMsakI Ahuti dI jAtI hai ataH havizeSa mAMsako khAnA AvazyakoM

Page #65
40 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hai| atharvavedake gopatha brAhmaNameM vistArase una vyaktiyoMkI tAlikA dI hai jo yajJameM bhAga leneke upalakSyameM havizeSa mAMsakA bhAga pAte haiN| usake 36 bhAga kiye jAte the aura unakA baTavArA isa prakAra hotA thA prastotAko jIbhake sAtha donoM jabar3e, pratihartAko gardana aura kakuda (bailake kandhekA uThA huA bhAga ) udgAtAko chAtIkA bhAga, adhvayuko kandheke sAtha dAhinA pArzva, upagAtAko vAyA pArzva, prati prasthAtAko vA~yA kandhA, brahmA aura rathyAkI strIko dAhinA nitamba, potAko UrU, hotAko vA~yA nitamba, ityAdi / jo isa ba~TavAremeM sammilita nahIM hote the unako aneka apazabda kahe gaye haiN| AzvalAyanane apane gRhyasUtrake prathama bhAgake gyArahaveM adhyAyameM 'pazukalpa' zIrSakase una niyamoMko diyA hai jo pazuko kATanemeM pAlana kiye jAte the / yadyapi RgvedameM gauko 'aghnyA'-na mArane yogya kahA hai tathApi usake vadhakA aikAntika niSedha nahIM thaa| zrAzvalAyanake gRhyasUtrameM varNita yajJoMmeM eka 'sUlagau' yajJakA varNana hai| yaha zarada yA vasantameM kiyA jAtA thaa| isake lie aisI gAya Avazyaka hotI thI, jo pIle raMgakI na ho, jisapara sapheda yA kAle dhabve hoM aura jo sarvottama ho / usako pAnIse nahalAyA jAtA thA aura vaidika maMtra par3hakara rudrako bheMTa kara diyA jAtA thaa| usake balidAnake lie aisA sthAna pasanda kiyA jAtA thA, jo gAMvase bAhara pUrava yA uttara dizAmeM ho, jahAMse gAMva dikhAI detA na ho, aura na gAMvase vaha jagaha dikhAI detI ho| balidAnakA samaya madhya rAtri thaa| ___pU~cha, khAla, snAyu aura khura agnimeM DAla die jAte the aura rakta kuzoMpara pheMka diyA jAtA thaa| sUtrakArakA kahanA hai ki usake

Page #66
41 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa mAMsako na to gA~vameM hI le jAnA cAhiye aura na baccoMko hI usake pAsa Ane denA caahiye| svastyayanake bAda isako prasAda rUpase khA lenA cAhiye / kuchakA mata' hai nahIM khAnA caahiye| etareya brAhmaNameM likhA hai ki jo yajamAna somayAgakI dIkSA letA thA vaha sabhI devatAoMke sAmane apane Alambhanake lie taiyAra hotA thA aura apane badalemeM pazuko kraya karatA thaa| isakA matalaba yaha huA ki yajJameM jo pazu bheMTa diyA jAtA thA vaha yajamAnakA pratinidhi thaa| prAcInakAlameM yaha vivAda hutrA thA ki somayAgake pahale agni aura somako jo pazu bheMTa kiyA jAtA hai, usakA mA~sa khAnA cAhiye yA nahIM ? kyoMki vaha pazu yajamAnakA pratinidhi hotA thA, ataH usakA mAMsa naramAMsa huA aura naramAMsakA khAnA kahA~ taka ucita hai ? ___etareya brAhmaNameM isa vivAdakA nirasana karate hue likhA hai ki 'agni aura somakI madadase indrane vRtrakA vadha kiyA thaa| ataH indrane santuSTa hokara agni aura somako yaha varadAna diyA thA ki somayAgake pahale jo pazu bheMTa kiyA jAyagA vaha tumheM milegaa| ataH vaha pazu devatAkA bhakSyamAtra hai, yajamAnakA pratinidhi nahIM hai|' maMtra-brAhmaNAtmaka veda pratipAdita ukta yajJa dharmakI kramase kisa prakAra vRddhi hotI gaI, aura usakA vistAra kahA~taka huzrA isakA eka citra kavi harSake naiSadha kAvyase yahA~ dekara isa carcAko samApta kreNge| naiSadhake 17 veM sargameM kavine kaliyugake niSadha dezameM jAnekA varNana karate hue likhA hai-jaba kali rAjA 1. asya pazoH hutazeSaM na prAznIyAt / anyatra icchAtaH prAznIyAt vaa|

Page #67
kaThina haalge| homake ghAva bhara gyaa| rakhanA kaThina jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA nalakI rAjadhAnIke nikaTa pahu~cA, to use nagarImeM praveza karanA kaThina hogayA, kyoMki vedadhvani karate hue zrotriyoMke zabda usake kAnoM meM par3ane lge| homake ghIkI gandhase usakI ghrANazakti naSTa hogaI, yajJakA dhUma usakI A~khoMmeM bhara gyaa| atithiyoMke paira dhoneke jalase picchalita hue A~ganoMmeM use paira rakhanA kaThina hogayA, yajJakI agnikI garmIse usakI aisI dazA hogaI, mAnoM kumhArake AvemeM jA par3A hai| nagarameM jagaha-jagaha yajJake pazuoM ko bAdhaneke lie gar3he hue yUpa use aise lage mAnoM pRthvImeM jagahajagaha kIle gar3he hue haiN| kaline apanI priyA hiMsAko bahuta khojA, kintu use vaha dRSTigocara na huii| gomedha yajJameM balidAna karaneke lie khar3I gauko dekhakara vaha usakA ora daur3A, kintu yaha hiMsA to vaidikI honese hiMsA hI nahIM thI ataH vahA~ bhI usakI dAla nahIM glii| Age brAhmaNoMko madirApAna karate dekhakara kali bahuta prasanna huaa| kintu jaba usane dekhA ki ve brAhmaNa sautrAmaNi yajJa kara rahe haiM ( isa yajJameM madirApAna vidheya hai ) to vaha sira dhunane lgaa| eka sthAnapara eka manuSyako brAhmaNakA vadha karate dekhakara kali bahuta prasanna huA, kintu jaba usane dekhA ki vaha manuSya sarvamedha nAmakA yajJa kara rahA hai to use jvara hI A gayA (sarvamedha' meM pratyeka jAtike eka-eka prANike vadha kA vidhAna hai| ___'taba kaline apane mitra jaina aura bauddha sAdhuoMkI khoja kI, kyoMki ve vaidika hiMsAke virodhI haiM, kintu use jina (bauddha) ke sthAnapara to ajina-kRSNamRgakA carma dikhAI diyA aura kSapaNaka ( jaina sAdhu ) ke sthAna meM akSapaNa-juA khelaneke pAse 1. sarvamedhe hi tattajjAtIyaikaika prANihiMsAMdhikArAt brAhmaNo brAhmaNamAlabheta' iti brahmavadhasya vaidhatvAtU / / nai. TI. 17 sa., 186 zlo. /

Page #68
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 43 dikhAI diye / ( rAjasUya yajJameM yajamAna juA khelAtA hai ) / eka sthAnapara kaline eka kAmukako sajAtIyA, vijAtIyA, gamyA, agamyA sabho striyoMko bhogate hue dekhakara saMtoSa kiyA ki yahA~ merI gati hai, kintu usa kAmukako vAmadevya munike dvArA upadiSTa brahmavidyAkA upAsaka jAnakara kheda huA / ' 'agniSToma yAgako dekhakara use bahuta kaSTa huA, paurNamAsa yAgako dekhakara use mUrchA AgaI aura somayAgako dekhakara usane apanI mRtyu hI samajha lI / eka jagaha brAhmaNoMko parasparakA chuA huA ucchiSTa khAte hue dekhakara use parama santoSa huA / kintu jaba use jJAta huA ki ye loga havizeSa somakA bhakSaNa kara rahe haiM to sira ghunane lagA kyoMki somameM ucchiSTa nahIM mAnA jAtA / eka sthAna para gauvadha hotA dekhakara kali usa ora daur3A / kintu jaba use jJAta huA ki yaha to atithiyoMke liye mArI jA rahI hai to becArA apanA sA mu~ha lekara lauTa aayaa| n Age eka manuSyako AtmaghAta karate hue dekhakara kaliko bar3A Ananda huA / kintu jaba use jJAta huA ki yaha sarvasvAra yajJakartA hai to use bar3I vyathA huI / jisakI mRtyu nikaTa hotI hai aura jo asAdhya rogase pIr3ita hotA hai vahI isa yajJakA adhikArI hai / vaha pazumaMtroM ke dvArA apanA hI, saMskAra karake tathA AtmaghAta karake sarvasvAra nAmaka yajJa meM apaneko homa detA hai / Age 'mahAvrata nAmaka yajJameM eka brahmacArIko durAcAriNI strIke sAtha maithuna karate hue dekhakara kaline yajJako viToMkA 1. 'rAjasUye yajamAno'kSaiH dIvyati / ' 2. 'vAmadevyopAsane sarvAH striya upasIdanti' iti zrutiH / 3. 'mahAvrate brahmacAri - puzcalyoH saMpravAdaH' /

Page #69
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA karma samajhA / tathA azvamedha yajJameM yajamAna kI bhAryAko azva sAtha sambhoga karate dekhakara usa mUrkha kaline mAnA ki veda kisI dhUrtakI kRti hai / ' yajJoMke sambandhameM eka bAta aura batalA denA Avazyaka hai / purohitoMke mandira nahIM the aura sambhavataH na mUrtiyA~ hI thIM / pratyeka yajJAnuSThAnake liye yajJa karAnevAle yajamAnake sthAna meM hI vedI banA lI jAtI thI / yajJase jo puNya lAbha hotA thA vaha kevala yajJa karAnevAleko hI hotA thA / ataH vaha yajJakA pUrA vyaya uThAtA thA - vadha kiye jAnevAle pazuoMke liye, vibhinna kAmoM para niyukta vyaktiyoMke liye aura purohitoMkI dakSiNA ke liye use pUrA kharca karanA hotA thA / dakSiNa meM mUlyavAna vastrAbhUSaNa, ghor3e, gAyeM aura svarNa diyA jAtA thA / kisa samaya dakSiNA meM kauna vastu denI hotI thI yaha saba likhA huA hai / svarNadAnakI bahutAyata haiM / likhA hai- dharmAtmA purohitako svarNako vizeSa rUpase svIkAra karanA cAhiye, kyoMki usameM nake bIja nihita haiN| 44 ataH yajJoMmeM bahuta byaya hotA thA aura dhanI vyakti tathA rAjA loga hI unheM karA sakate the| isIse yajJoMkA mukhya sambandha brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoMse hai / ataH brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoMke sambandhameM bhI tatkAlIna sthitiko jAna lenA Avazyaka hai / brAhmaNa aura kSatriya jaba vaidika Arya paMjAba meM Aye taba unakI saMskRti kyA thI, isa viSaya meM vibhinna mata haiM / phira bhI sAdhAraNatayA aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ve pazupAlaka aura kRSaka the| paMjAba meM basa jAnepara unakI isa vRtti meM tejIse vRddhi huI / kintu usa samaya AryoMko

Page #70
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa isa dezake prAcIna nivAsiyoMse jo Ase adhika susaMskRta aura sabhya the, prAyaH yuddha karanA par3ate the, jisase kRSi kAryoM meM vighna hotA thA aura sudakSa pratidvandI yoddhAoM se yuddha karane meM bhI kaThinAI pratIta hotI thI / ataH kAryakA vibhAjana kara diyA gayA / 'Arambha meM vaidika AryoM meM jAtibheda nahIM thA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paurohitya aura zAsanakA kAma saMyukta thA / kintu vaidika AryoM aura paMjAba - aphagAnistAna ke prAcIna nivAsiyoMke sAtha honevAle satata yuddhoMne vaidika AryoMko vivaza kiyA ki apane-apane vyavasAyake anusAra ve apaneko vibhinna samudAyoM meM vibhAjita karaleM / dhIre-dhIre yoddhA logoMkA sthAna unnata hotA gayA aura ve kSatriya kahalAye / 45. Rgveda meM varNa' zabda manuSyoMkI kakSAe~ batalAneke liye AyA hai, kyoMki dAsoM aura Ayake varNa meM antara thA / kintu, isa dRSTi anya saMhitAoM aura brAhmaNa granthoMse RgvedakA maulika matabheda hai; kyoMki unameM cAra varNoMkA spaSTarUpase nirdeza hai / yadyapi Rgveda ke antima puruSa sUktameM bhI rAjanya, brAhmaNa, vaizya, zUdra cAra varNoMkA nirdeza hai, kintu cU~ki vidvAna loga isa sUktako arvAcIna mAnate haiM, ataH Rgveda kAlameM cAroM varNoMke sthApita ho jAnekI bAta saMdigdha mAnI jAtI hai / jimmara' ( Zimmer ) kA kahanA hai ki Rgveda kI jAtivihIna paramparAkA jo yajurvedakI jAtigata paramparAke rUpameM parivartana huA isakA sambandha vaidika AryoMke pUravakI ora bar3hanese hai / 1. prI hi0 iM0, pR0 23 / 2. vai0 iM0, ji0 2, pR0 248 /

Page #71
46 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA prArambhameM rAjanya apane tathA janatAke liye yajJa kara sakatA thaa| kintu Rgveda (3-33-8, 7-18-83) meM aise bhI ullekha haiM, jinameM purohitAI jabaradastI lI gaI hai, jaise vizvAmitra aura vaziSThake sambandhameM | jaba Rgveda pUrNa huA taba purohita jAti spaSTarUpase pRthaka sthApita ho cukI thii| tathApi do kSatriya vargoMne balapUrvaka purohitomeM sthAna prApta kara liyaa| aMgirasa, vaziSTha, agastya aura bhArgavoMko mUlataH daivIya batalAyA hai| kintu vizvAmitra aura kANvako kSatriya vargakA batalAyA hai| ___ vizvAmitra bhArata kSatriyoMmeM se the aura kaNva nRSadakA putra thA, jise purANoMmeM kSatriya kahA hai| AzvalAyana zrautrasUtrake anusAra vizvAmitra, jamadagni, bhAradvAja, gautama, atri, vaziSTha, kAzyapa aura agastya ye saba brAhmaNoMke pUrva puruSa haiM / ina AThoMmeM se cArako brAhmaNa gotroMkA mUla mAnA jAtA hai / mahAbhAratameM kahA hai ki aMgirasa, kAzyapa, vaziSTha aura bhRguse vaidika AryoMke prAcInatama purohitoMkI santAna calI hai / vaidika sAhitya batalAtA hai ki una pUrva purohitoMne anya vargoM ke manuSyoM ke dvArA purohitoMkA kArya kiye jAnepara roSa prakaTa karanA Arambha kiyaa| vizvAmitra aura vaziSThakI kalaha spaSTarUpase isa bAtakI sUcaka haiM ki prAdhAnya aura zaktike liye purohitoM aura rAjanyoMke bIca meM jhagar3e hue the| ___yahA~ purohita aura brAhmaNake sambandhameM thor3A prakAza DAla denA ucita hogaa| rAjAke samasta dhArmika kRtyoMmeM purohita-aguA hotA thA / etareya brAhmaNa (8-25) meM kahA hai ki rAjAko eka purohita abazya rakhanA cAhiye, anyathA devatA usakI bheMTa 1. DIhi0 iM0, pR0 24 /

Page #72
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 47 svIkAra nahIM kreNge| purohita apanI prArthanAoMke dvArA yuddhameM rAjAkI vijaya aura surakSA kI gAranTI letA thaa| vaha dhAnyake liye pAnI varasAtA thaa| vaha eka 'jAjvalyamAna agni thI jo rAjAkI rakSA karatI thii| kinhIM vidvAnoMke matAnusAra Arambhase hI purohita yajJoMmeM brAhmaNa purohitake rUpameM kAma karate the| apane isa kathanake pramANameM ve kahate haiM ki baziSThakA nirdeza purohitake rUpameM bhI hai aura brAhmaNake rUpameM bhI hai| zunaHzepake yajJameM usane brAhmaNake rUpameM kArya kiyA, kintu vaha sudAsakA purohita thaa| vRhaspatiko devatAoMkA purohita aura brAhmaNa kahA hai| isa taraha spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNa prAyaH purohita hotA thaa| yahI vajaha hai jisake kAraNa uttarakAlameM yajJoMmeM brAhmaNakA sthAna sabase pramukha huA / kintu yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki prArambhameM bhI brAhmaNako vaisA hI pramukha sthAna prApta thaa| kSatriyakA brAhmaNake sAtha ghaniSTa sambandha hotA thaa| taittirIya saMhitA (5, 1-10-3) AdimeM donoMke abhedya sambandha para hI donoMkI abhyunnatiko svIkRta kiyA hai| kabhI-kabhI donoMmeM kalaha honeke udAharaNa bhI brAhmaNa granthoMmeM milate haiN| kintu brAhmaNa yajJakA sarvesarvA thA, isaliye brAhmaNa kSatriyako miTA DAlanekI zakti rakhatA thaa| __brAhmaNoMne dekhA ki yuddhoMmeM to aneka prakArake khatare aura kaThinAIyAM hai jaba ki paurohityameM lAbha hI lAbha hai aura vaha zakti prApta karanekA bhI acchA sAdhana hai, ataH unhoMne use hI hathiyA liyaa| kintu isake liye unheM aneka jhagar3e uThAne pdd'e| . 1. eta0 brA0 8, 24-25 / 2. vai0 iM0, ji0 2, pR07|

Page #73
48 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ina jhagar3hoMke avazeSa atharvaveda (5, 17-16 ) meM surakSita haiM, jahA~ brAhmaNoMko satAneke kAraNa saJjayoMke vinAzakA varNana hai| atharvavedake sivAya yajurvedakI zatarudrIya prArthanAoMmeM bhI usa tUphAnI kAlakI chAyA hai java bhAratakI AdivAsI janatA asantoSako liye hue uttejita thI aura rudra samasta prakArake bure kArya karanevAloMke rakSaka devatAke rUpameM pUjA jAtA thaa| astu, maitrAyaNI saMhitA (4-3-8) Adi vaidika granthoMmeM kSatriyase brAhmaNakI zreSThatAkA dAvA barAbara pAyA jAtA hai aura brAhmaNa apane maMtra taMtra tathA kriyAkANDake dvArA kSatriyoM tathA janatAko kabhI bhI jhagar3emeM DAla sakatA thaa| yadyapi rAjasUya yajJameM brAhmaNa ko rAjAkI upAsanA karanA par3atI thI kintu brAhmaNakI pradhAnatA akSuNNa thI / vahA~ spaSTa rUpase svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki pUrNa unnatike liye kSatriya aura brAhmaNakA mela AdhArabhUta hai| vahA~ yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki (mai0 saM0 1-8-7) bahudhA rAjAne brAhmaNako satAyA to nizcaya hI usakA vinAza ho gyaa| ___jaise, svargake devatAoMkI taraha brAhmaNa pRthvIkA devatA (bhUdeva) hai yaha dAvA RgvedameM zAyada hI kvacit mile| zatapatha brAhmaNameM ( 11, 5-7-1) brAhmaNake cAra adhikAra batalAye haiM--arcA (zrAdara pAnA ), dAna lenA, ajyeyatA (kisI ke dvArA pIr3ita na honA ) aura avadhyatA ( kisIke dvArA mArA na jAnA ) / aura usake kartavya haiM-brAhmaNya, pratirUpacaryA (apanI jAtike anurUpa AcaraNa ), aura lokpNkti| ___ atharvavedake kucha padyoMmeM brAhmaNajAtike sarvocca vizeSAdhikAroM kA bhI dAvA hai aura brAhmaNako prAyaH bhUdeva (pRtha kA devatA ) kahA hai| brAhmaNakAlameM isakA aura bhI paripAka huA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNameM likhA hai-'devatA do prakArake hote haiM eka

Page #74
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 49 devatA aura eka brAhmaNa devatA / ina dono ke bIca meM yajJakA vibhAga hotA hai / yajJameM dIjAnevAlI AhutiyAM devatAoMke lie haiM aura dakSiNA brAhmaNa devatAke liye hai| yajJa meM Ahuti dekara yajamAna devoMko prasanna karatA hai, aura dakSiNA dekara brAhmaNa devatAoM ko prasanna karatA hai / jaba ye donoM prakArake devatA santuSTa ho jAte haiM to yajamAnako svarga pradAna karate haiM / " yajamAna ke cAra kartavya haiM - use brAhmaNoMkA Adara karanA cAhiye, unheM dakSiNA denI cAhiye, unheM satAnA nahIM cAhiye, unakI hatyA nahIM karanI cAhiye / kisI bhI paristhiti meM rAjAko brAhmaNakI saMpatiko nahIM chUnA cAhiye / yadi rAjA yazakI dakSiNA ke rUpameM brAhmaNoMko apanA rAjya pradAna karatA hai to usa rAjya meM rahanevAle brAhmaNoMkI saMpatti usameM nahIM lI jAyegI / yadi rAjA kisI brAhmaNako satAtA hai to vaha pApakA bhAgI hai| rAjA ke rAjyArohaNake avasarapara purohita kahatA hai - ai manuSyo ! yaha tumhArA rAjA hai hama brAhmaNoMkA rAjA to soma hai / zatapatha brAhmaNa kahatA hai ki isa kathana ke AdhArapara vaha brAhmaNoMke sivAya samasta janatAko rAjAkA bhakSya ghoSita karatA hai, ataH rAjA brAhmaNoMkA upabhoga bhakSyake taurapara nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki brAhmaNakA rAjA to soma hai / zatapatha brAhmaNameM aura bhI likhA hai - brAhmaNakA ghAtaka hI vAstava meM ghAtaka hai / brAhmaNa aura abrAhmaNakA jhagar3A hone para jajako brAhmaNake pakSameM hI phaisalA denA caahiye| jo vastu dUsaroMke lie niSiddha ho use brAhmaNako de denA cAhiye, kyoMki jo dUsaroMke liye apaca hai vaha brAhmaNoMke liye supaca hai / kintu brAhmaNa devatA adhika dinoM taka svargIya devatAoMke samakakSa nahIM rahe, unhoMne apaneko devatAoMse bhI Upara lA

Page #75
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA baitthaayaa| zatapatha brAhmaNameM likhA hai-brAhmaNa RSiyoMkI santAna hai ataH usameM saba devatAoMkA AvAsa hai| isa taraha brAhmaNoMne yajJake dvArA apaneko devatAoMse bhI bar3A banA diyaa| vaidika kAla vibhAga Upara jisa dhArmika sthitikA citraNa kiyA gayA hai vaha IsA pUrva ATha sauke lagabhaga kI hai| anveSaka vidvAnoM ne brAhmaNa sabhyatA kA ucita kAla IsA pUrva 800 se I0 pUrva 600 taka ThaharAyA hai ( kai0 hi* bhA0 1, pR. 146 ) / DA. jekobIkA kahanA thA ki vaidika pazcAt kAla IsA pUrva AThavIM zatIse Arambha hotA hai kyoMki sAMkhya-yoga aura jainadarzanake samakAlIna prAdurbhAva ke sAtha hI vaidika kAlakA anta ho jAtA hai| inameMse jaina dharmako IsA pUrva 740 taka pIche le jAyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jaina dharmake sambhavatayA saMsthApaka pArzvanAtha the, jinakA nirvANa mahAvIra se 250 varSa pUrva huaa|' (ri0 phi0 ve0 pR0 20) kintu pro0 baruA RgvedakI antima RcAkI pUrti honeke sAtha hI vaidika pazcAt kAlakA Arambha mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki vaidika kAlase vaidika pazcAt kAlakA vizleSaNa isa AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai ki brahmarSi deza Rgvedake pazcAt adhika dinoM taka bauddhika kendra nahIM rahA, kintu usakA sthAna madhya deza ne le liyaa| yaha' madhyadeza himAlaya aura vindhyake bIca meM avasthita thA aura pUrabameM prayAgase lekara pazcimameM vinazana taka phailA huA thaa| kuru, paJcAla, matsya, zUrasena ye cAra usa samayake prasiddha janataMtra the aura kAzI, videha aura kozala zaktizAlI rAjya the (prI0 bu0 iM0 phi0, pR. 36) / 1- manu0 2-21 /

Page #76
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa DA0 hopakinsakA kahanA hai ki brAhmaNa granthoMke sAtha hI na kevala Rgvaidika kAlIna Tona hI badala gaI, kintu samasta dhArmika vAtAvaraNa eka praphulla vAstavika dharmake badalemeM, jo RksaMhitAkA AtmA hai, maMtra taMtra, AdhyAtmikatA aura dhArmikatAke bhArase AkrAnta ho utthaa| brAhmaNa granthoMmeM na vaha navInatA hai, aura na vaha kavitA hai / hai kevala svamatAgraha, mUr3hatA aura vidveSakI bhaavnaa| yaha satya hai ki ina sabake cinha RkaveMdake kucha bhAgoMmeM bhI pAye jA sakate haiM, kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki ve cinha brAhmaNa granthoMme jisa prakAra brAhmaNa kAlakA pratinidhitva karate haiM, apane samayakA vaisA pratinidhitva RgvedameM nahIM krte| (ri0 iM0, pR0 176-177) / Rgvedake sAtha itara saMhitAoM tathA brAhmaNa granthoMkA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se yaha to spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki RgvedakAlIna dharma ne karavaTa badala lI hai| ataH vaidika dharmakA eka adhyAya Rgvedake sAtha samApta ho jAtA hai| aura isaliye usake prakAza meM uttara kAlIna saMhitA aura brAhmaNa granthoMke kaThora kriyAkANDI dharmako lakSyameM rakhakara Rgvedake sAtha hI baidika kAlakA anta mAnanA anucita nahIM hai| vaidika dharmakA dUsarA adhyAya brAhmaNa granthoMke sAtha samApta ho jAtA hai aura AraNyaka tathA upaniSadoM se tIsarA adhyAya prArambha hotA hai| svaramezacandradatta ne likhA hai- "isI samaya jaba Arya loga gaMgAkI ghATImeM phaile, Rgveda aura tInoM anya veda bhI saMgrahIta aura sampAdita hue| tabhI eka dUsare prakArake granthoMkI racanA huI, jo brAhmaNa nAmase pukAre jAte haiN| ina granthoMmeM yajJoMkI vidhi likhI hai| yaha nissAra aura vistIrNa racanA

Page #77
52 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sarva sAdhAraNake kSINa zakti hone aura brAhmaNoMke svamatAbhimAnakA paricaya detI hai / saMsAra chor3akara, banoMmeM jAnekI prathA, jo pahale nAmako bhI nahIM thI, cala par3I, aura brAhmaNoMke antima bhAga bhAraNyakoMmeM vanakI vividha kriyAoMkA varNana hai / anta meM kSatriyoMke nirbhaya vicAra jo upaniSadoMke nAmase prakhyAta haiM, prArambha hue| inhIMke sAtha bhAratake usa sAhityakA anta hotA hai jise IzvarakRta kahA jAtA hai|" ( prA0 bhA0 saM0 iM0, bhA0 1, pR08-6)| AraNyaka . etareya zrAraNyakake bhASyameM sAyaNane likhA hai-araNya (vana) meM par3hAye jAneke yogya honese isakA nAma AraNyaka hai| sathA etareya brAhmaNake bhASyameM sAyaNane likhA hai-'vanameM rahanevAle vAnaprastha loga jina yajJAdiko karate the, unako batalAnevAle pranthoMko zrAraNyaka kahate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki gRhasthoMke yajJoMkA vivaraNa brAhmaNa granthoM meM haiM aura vAnaprastha AzramameM jIvana bitAnevAloMke yajJa AdikA vivaraNa AraNyakoMmeM hai| zrAraNyaka na to yajJoMke vidhi-vidhAnako uThAkara tAkameM rakhate haiM aura na brAhmaNa granthoMmeM pratipAdita zailIkA hI anusaraNa karate haiN| ve mukhya rUpase purohitadarzana aura yajJoMke lAkSaNika tathA rahasyamaya rUpakA vivecana karate haiN| unameM yajJoMke prAdhyAtmika rUpakA vivecana hai| devatAvizeSake uddezase dravyakA tyAga hI yajJa hai, yaha AraNyaka nahIM maante| ve kriyAkANDakI apekSA cintana para vizeSa jora dete haiM aura brAhmaNoMkI gahana vidhike - - 1. 'araNya evaM paatthytvaadaarnnykmitiiryte|'

Page #78
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 53 sthAnameM eka sIdhI-sAdI vidhi batalAte haiN| cAvala, jau yA dUdhakI Ahutise kiye jAnevAle bAhya yajJakI apekSA Antara yajJa para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai| unameM sakAma karmake prati aura karmaphalake prati zraddhAkA bhAva dikhAI nahIM detA; kyoMki karmamArgase milanevAlA svarga sthAyI nahIM hotA ataH karmakANDako Atyantika sukhakA mArga nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ( vai0 sA0 pR0 151 ) / brAhmaNa granthoMkA sarvocca lakSya svarga thA, aura usakI prAptikA mArga thA yjny| kintu AraNyakoMmeM brahmako pahacAnaneke liye AtmasaMyama ke AdhAra para aneka upAsanAe~ batalAI haiN| (vai0 e0, pR0 447) / taittirIya AraNyakameM kAzI, pazcAla, matsya, kurukSetra aura khANDavakA ullekha hai| usImeM ( 2-7-1) 'zramaNa' zabda, jo Age vedavirodhI sampradAyoMke sAdhuoMke arthameM vyavahRta huA aura brAhmaNakA pratidvandvI kahalAyA-tapasvIke arthameM prathama bAra AtA hai| tai0 A0 ( 2-1-5 ) meM hI yajJopavItakA bhI ullekha milatA hai| likhA hai-'yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanevAle kA yajJa bhalIbhA~ti svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| yajJopavIta dhArI brAhmaNa jo kucha adhyayana karatA hai vaha yajJa hI karatA hai|' __ AraNyakoMmeM varNAzrama dharmakA pUrNa vikAsa dekhane meM AtA hai| sambhavatayA yajJa aura brAhmaNoMke viruddha sira uThAnevAle siddhAntoMse sulaha karaneke liye hI brAhmaNa dharmane AzramoMke siddhAntako apnaayaa| upaniSad upaniSadkA artha hai-'nikaTa baitthnaa'| isa parase yaha vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai ki ziSya loga guruke nikaTa baiThakara inakA zikSaNa

Page #79
jai0 sA0 30-pUrva pIThikA lete the| upaniSad pUrNatayA dArzanika grantha haiM aura brAhmaNa granthoM tathA AraNyakoMke pazcAt unakI racanA huI hai| yoM to unakI saMkhyA do sau se bhI adhika hai kintu sabhI utane prAcIna nahIM haiN| etareya, kauSItakI, taittirIya, vRhadAraNyaka, chAndogya aura kena, ye upaniSat nizcitarUpase prAcIna mAne jAte haiN| inameM bhI chAndogya aura vRhadAraNyaka vizeSa prAcIna haiN| ___ dUsare nambarameM Ate haiM-kaTha, zvetAzvatara, mahAnArAyaNa, Iza, muNDaka aura prshn| zaMkarAcAryane brahmasUtrakI TIkAmeM inhIM bAraha upaniSadoMko pramANa rUpase upasthita kiyA hai| inameM sAMkhyayogake siddhAnta tathA advatavAdI dRSTikoNakA tAnAbAnA hai / maitrAyaNIya upaniSad aura mANDUkya upaniSad buddhakAlake pazcAt ke haiN| zaMkarAcAryane inako pramANa rUpase uddhRta nahIM kiyaa| phira bhI ina donoM ko gaNanA ukta bAraha upaniSadoM ke sAtha kI jAtI hai aura ina saba upaniSadoMko vaidika upaniSad kahA jAtA hai| ___upaniSadoMko vedAnta kahA jAtA hai| pahale vedAntakA matalaba kevala upaniSad thaa| pIchese upaniSadoMke darzanako vedAnta kahA jAne lgaa| upaniSadoMmeM jo tattva jJAna bharA huA hai vaha sarala nahIM hai| ataH usakA zikSaNa antameM diye jAnese upaniSadko vedAnta kahanA ucita hai| dUsare, uttarakAlIna dArzanikoMne unameM vedakA antima lakSya pAyA isaliye bhI inheM vedAnta kahanA ucita hai| tIsare vaidika kAlake antameM unakI utpatti huI isaliye bhI unheM vedAnta kahanA ucita hai aura cauthe dhArmika kartavya aura pavitra kAryake rUpameM vaidika kriyAkANDakI mAnyatA kA anta kara diyA, isaliye bhI unheM vedAnta kahanA ucita hai (hi. iM0 li0 vinTa0, ji0 5,pR0 234) /

Page #80
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 55 ukta tathya para prakAza DAlaneke liye yAjJika kriyAkANDa tathA vaidika devatAoMkI ora upaniSadoMkA rukha kaisA hai yaha spaSTa karanA ucita hogaa| upaniSada aura yajJa tathA vaidika devatA upaniSad vaidika kriyAkANDake viruddha haiN| vRha0 upa0 (1-4-10) meM kahA hai ki-'usa brahmako jo jAnatA hai ki 'maiM brahma hUM' vaha sarva ho jAtA hai| usake parAbhavameM devatA bhI samartha nahIM hote; kyoMki vaha unakA AtmA hI ho jAtA hai| jo anya devatAkI upAsanA karatA hai vaha devatAoMkA pazu hai| "devatAoMko yaha priya nahIM hai ki manuSya brahmAtmatattvako jaane|' Age ( 3-6-21) likhA hai 'yama kisameM pratiSThita hai ? yajJameM / yajJa kisameM pratiSThita hai ? dakSiNAmeM / ' chA0 u0 (1-12) meM yajJameM jalUsa banAkara jAnevAle RSiyoMko kuttoMkA jalUsa batalAyA hai| kathA isa prakAra hai kucha RSi svAdhyAya karaneke liye gA~vase bAhara eka nirjana sthAnameM gye| una para anugraha karaneke liye eka kuttA prakaTa huaa| isake bAda aura bhI kaI kutte usa pahale kutteke pAsa zrAkara bole-'zrImAn ! udgIthakA gAna karake hamAre liye anna prastuta kareM, hama bhUkhe haiM / ' pahalA kuttA bolA- 'kala prAtaH isI sthAnameM tuma loga mere pAsa AnA / ' nirdiSTa samaya para ve kutte vahA~ ekatra hue| aura jisa prakAra yajJa karmameM udgAtA eka dUsarese milakara calate haiM, ThIka usI prakAra ve eka dUsarese juTakara calane lge| phira unhoMne eka jagaha baiThakara 'hAu hAu' karake sAmagAna prArambha kiyA-he sabakI rakSA karanevAle paramAtman !

Page #81
56 hama bhUkhe aura anna lAiye " jai0 0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA pyAse haiM / ataH hamAre liye anna lAiye "anna lAiye / " yajJoMke viruddha sabase prabala AkramaNa to muNDakopaniSad ( 1-2-7) meM hai / lavA hyete dRDhA yajJarUpA zraSTAdazoktamavaraM yeSu karma / etacchreyo ye'bhinandanti mUDhA jarAmRtyaM te punarevApi yAnti // 7 // "nizcaya hI ye yajJarUpa aTThAraha naukAe~ asthira haiM, jinameM nIcI zreNikA karma batAyA gayA hai| jo mUrkha yahI zreyaskara hai aisA mAnakara unakI prazaMsA karate haiM ve bAraMbAra jarA-maraNako prApta hote haiM" / isase Age padyameM aise logoMko 'andhena nIyamAnA yathAndhAH' andheke dvArA le jAnevAle andhoMke tulya batalAyA hai / muNDa0 u0 ( 1-1-415 ) meM vidyA athavA jJAnake do bheda batalAye haiM eka parA aura eka aparA / tathA vedoMse prApta jJAnako aparA arthAt nIca vidyA kahA hai| nArada kahatA hai- 'maiM Rgveda sAmaveda aura yajurvedako jAnatA hU~ kintu isase maiM kevala maMtroM aura zAstroM ko jAnatA hUM, apaneko nahIM jAnatA / kaTha upa0 ( 2-4 ) meM yamarAja naciketAse kahate haiM - 'jo vidyA aura vidyA nAmase vikhyAta haiM, ye donoM paraspara atyanta viparIta aura vibhinna phala denevAlI haiN| avidyA ke bhItara sthita hokara apane Apako vidvAn aura buddhimAn mAnanebAle mUrkha loga nAnA yoniyoMmeM bhaTakate hue ThIka vaise hI Thokare khAte haiM jaise andhe dvArA le jAye jAnevAle andhe / ' Jain Educationa International katipaya upaniSadoMmeM yajJoMkA virodha yadyapi itanA khulakara nahIM kiyA gayA hai tathApi yajJoMke pracalita rUpakI ora upekSA For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #82
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa dikhalAI gaI hai aura unheM lAkSaNika tathA dArzanika rUpa diyA gayA hai| jaisAki pahale likhA hai AraNyakAkA kArya-yajJoMko lAkSaNika aura dArzanika rUpa dAna-upaniSadoM taka cAlU rahA hai| udAharaNake liye vRhadA0 upa0ko upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bRhaupa0kA prArambha karate hue vizvameM yajJasambandhI azvakI kalpanA kI gaI hai| - 'uSA yajJasambandhI azvakA sira hai, sUrya netra haiM, vAyu prANa hai, agni mukha hai, saMvatsara AtmA hai, yuloka pITha hai, AkAza udara hai, pRthvI paira rakhanekA sthAna hai, dizAe~ pArzvabhAga hai, avAntara dizAe~ pasaliyAM haiM, Rtue~ aGga haiM, mAsa aura arddha mAsa parva haiM, dina aura rAtri pAda haiM, nakSatra asthiyAM haiM, AkAzasthita megha mAMsa haiM, nadiyAM gudA haiM, parvata yakRta aura hRdayagata mAMsa khaNDa haiM, auSadhi aura banaspatiyAM roma haiM, udaya hotA huA sUrya nAbhise UparakA bhAga aura asta hotA huA sUrya kaTise nIcekA bhAga hai| vijaliyoMkI camaka jamuhAI hai, meghakA garjana zarIrakA hilanA hai, varSA mUtratyAga hai, hinahinAnA usakI bANI hai|' azvamedha yajJake dvArA pRthvIkA svAmitva prApta ho sakatA hai kintu Atmika svarAjya to samasta vizvako, jisakI kalpanA upaniSadoMmeM ghor3eke rUpameMkI gaI haityAga denese hI prApta hotA hai| isa taraha prakArAkArase azvamedha yajJako tyAganekA hI upadeza diyA gayA hai| chA0 u0 (3, 14-17 ) meM manuSyake samasta jIvanako somayajJake rUpa meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai aura (5, 16-24 ) meM prANoMke vibhinna prakAzanoMkI bheToMko agnihotrakA sthAna diyA hai| upaniSadoMmeM jo yajJoMko nIcA karma batalAyA gayA hai usakA kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki yajJase pitRlokakI prApti ho sakatI

Page #83
58 . jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hai jo asthAyI hai, aura vahAMse use avazya hI isa pRthvI para lauTakara punaH janma-maraNake cakrameM ghUmanA hogaa| ___ uttarakAlIna kucha upaniSadoMke avalokanase aisA bhI pratIta hotA hai ki upaniSadoMmeM bhI yajJakA sthAna sthira karanekI eka bhAvanA kAma karatI rahI hai| udAharaNake liye zvetAzvatara upaniSadako upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai, usameM ( 2, 6-7) agni soma Adi devatAoMkI prAcIna prArthanAke rUpakI taraphadArI kI gaI hai aura likhA hai ki jahA~ yajJa kiyA jAtA hai vahAM eka daivI prakAza paidA hotA hai| kintu yahAM bhI usakA lakSa svarga nahIM hai, kintu brahma hai| - upaniSadoMmeM sarvatra eka devatA vyApta hai aura vaha hai brhm| anya saba devatA usIkI zaktiyAM haiM / maitrAyaNIya upaniSada (4, 5-6) meM brahmA, rudra, viSNu Adi devatAoMko avinAzI brahmakA pratyakSa rUpa batalAyA hai| kena upa0 meM umA haimavatI indrase kahatI hai ki devatAoMkI zakti aura prabhAvakA mUla srota parama brahma hai / isameM batalAyA hai ki brahmake sAmane agni Adi devatA kaise hataprabha aura akarmaNya bana jAte haiN| kaTha upaniSadameM kahA hai ki parama brahmake bhayase devatA loga apane apane uttaradAyitvoMko vahana karate haiN| brAhmaNa granthoMkA sarvocca devatA prajApati bhI brahmakA sevaka hai| kauSItakI upaniSadameM prajApati aura indrako brahmakA dvArA rakSaka batalAyA hai| isa taraha upaniSadoMmeM brahmake samakakSa koI nahIM hai. vaidika devatA to usake AjJAkArI mAtra haiM / vaidika devatAoM aura yajJoMke prati upaniSadoM ke dRSTikoNakA yaha saMkSipta citraNa vastusthiti para prakAza DAlane ke liye paryApta hai|

Page #84
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 56 chA0 u0 (6-1-4) meM likhA hai ki jaba zvetaketu sampUrNa vedoMkA adhyayana kara apaneko bar3A buddhimAna aura vyAkhyAtA mAnatA huA anamrabhAvase ghara lauTA to pitA ne usase kahAputra ! tU jo aisA pANDityakA abhimAnI aura avinIta hai to kyA tUne vaha Adeza jAnA hai jisake dvArA azruta zruta ho jAtA hai, amata mata ho jAtA hai aura avijJAta vijJAta ho jAtA hai ? yaha sunakara zvetaketu ne pUchA-vaha Adeza kyA hai ? pitAke mukhase usa Adezako sunakara zvetaketu ne kahA-nizcaya hI mere guru ise nahIM jAnate the| aba Apa hI mujhe batalAiye / kahanA na hogA ki vaha Adeza brahmake svarUpako lekara thaa| AtmA aura brahma AtmA aura brahmako samajhe binA upaniSadoMko nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| ina do stambhoM para hI upaniSadoMke tattvajJAnakA prAsAda khar3A huA hai| yadi eka vAkyameM upaniSadoMkA mUla siddhAnta kahA jAye to yaha hai-'vizva brahma hai aura brahma AtmA hai|' upaniSadoMmeM aneka sthAnoMmeM brahma aura AtmA zabdakA prayoga eka arthameM kiyA gayA hai| bRha. upa0 (4-4-5 ) meM likhA hai-'sa vAyamAtmA brahma' vaha yaha AtmA brahma hai| chA0 u0 (5-11-1 ) meM likhA haikucha mahAgRhastha aura paramazrotriya parasparameM vicAra karane lage'ko nu AtmA, kiM brahma !' AtmA kauna hai aura brahma kyA hai ? __ vedoMmeM 'brahma' zabda aneka bAra AyA hai| kintu usakA artha yA to prArthanA hai yA maMtravidhi hai| kisI devatAke prati zraddhA yA bhaktikA bhAva vahA~ nahIM hai| uttara kAla meM trayIvidyA ( Rk yaju, sAma) ko bhI brahma kahA hai aura isa taraha brahma aura veda

Page #85
6 - jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA zabdakA prayoga eka hI arthameM kiyA gayA hai| aba cUMki veda yA brahmako daivI mAnA gayA thA aura vedoMse utpanna athavA vedoMmeM varNita yajJako bhI daivI mAnA gayA thA, kyoMki zata0 brA0 (5, 5.5-10) meM kahA hai-'samasta yajJa utane hI mahAna haiM jitane mahAn tInoM veda haiN|' ataH vaha brahma yA veda 'prathamaja' kahA jAne lagA aura antameM use sabakA mUla kAraNa mAnA jAne lgaa| isa prakAra brahma daivI mUla tattvake rUpameM brAhmaNa-darzanakA bIja hai / aura prArthanA tathA yajJake sambandhameM jo brAhmaNa dRSTikoNa hai usake prakAzameM usakA vizleSaNa acchI taraha kiyA jA sakatA hai / (hi0 iM0 li0 vinTa0, ji0 1, pR0 248-6) / ____ aba 'AtmA' zabdako liijiye| saMskRtameM yaha zabda bahutAyatase AtA hai aura isakA artha bhI spaSTa hai| yaha 'svayaM ko kahatA hai| yadyapi bAhya saMsArase bheda dikhalAte hue AtmA zabdakA prayoga kabhI kabhI zarIrake liye bhI ho jAtA hai kintu isakA yathArtha matalaba zarIrastha AtmAse hai, jo zarIrase bhinna hai| upaniSadoMke darzana meM ye donoM brahma-AtmA saMyukta ho gaye haiN| chA0 u0 (3-14 ) meM zANDilyakA siddhAnta 'sarvaM khalvi brahma' 'nizcaya hI yaha saba brahma hai, se Arambha hotA hai aura AtmAkA varNana karaneke pazcAt 'eSa ma AtmAntaha daya etad brahma''vaha merA AtmA hRdaya kamalameM sthita hai vahI brahma hai' ityAdi vAkya ke sAtha samApta hotA hai| Atma jijJAsA upaniSadoMke avalokanase jJAta hotA hai ki vaidika RSiyoMke andara do jijJAsAe~ vizeSarUpase kriyAtmaka thIM- eka, vizvakA

Page #86
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? dUsarI, AtmAkA satya svarUpa kyA hai ? Atma svarUpakI utkRSTa jijJAsA tathA usako zAnta karaneke liye Atma svarUpakA varNana aneka upAkhyAnoMke dvArA pradarzita kiye gaye hai| yahA~ unameMse do eka upAkhyAna diye jAte haiM, una upAkhyAnoMse ukta tathya para prakAza par3aneke sAtha hI sAtha tatkAlIna sthitikA bhI digdarzana hotA hai| . kaThopaniSadameM eka upAkhyAna isa prakAra hai---uddAlaka RSi ne phalakI kAmanAse vizvajit nAmakA eka yajJa kiyaa| isa yajJameM sarvasvadAna karanA par3atA hai| ataeva uddAlaka ne bhI apanA sArA dhana RtvijoMko dakSiNAmeM de diyaa| uddAlakake naciketA nAmakA eka putra thaa| jaba dakSiNAmeM deneke liye gaue~ lAI gaI to bAlaka naciketA ne unheM dekhaa| gauoMkI dayanIya dazA dekhakara usane manameM socA, pitA jI, ye kaisI gaue~ dakSiNAmeM de rahe haiM ! aba na to inameM jhukakara jala pInekI hI zakti raha gaI hai, na inake mukha meM ghAsa cabAneke liye dA~ta haiM, na inake stanoMmeM tanika sA bhI dUdha hai, aura na inameM garbhadhAraNa karanekI zakti hai| bhalA, ina gauoMse brAhmaNoMko kyA lAbha hogaa| aura pitA jI isa dAnase kyA sukha pAyeMge ! inake sarvasvameM to maiM bhI huuN| mujhako to inhoMne dAnameM diyA nahIM, para maiM inakA putra hUM ataeva mujhe inako aniSTase bacAnA caahiye| yaha socakara vaha apane pitAse bolA-tAta ! Apa mujhe kisako dete haiM ? uttara na milane para usane vahI bAta dubArA aura tibArA khii| taba pitA ne krodhameM Akara kahA tujhe maiM mRtyuko detA huuN| yaha sunakara naciketA yamarAjake pAsa calA gyaa| vahA~ pahu~cane para use jJAta huA ki yamarAja kahIM bAhara gaye haiM ataH

Page #87
62 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA vaha tIna dina taka binA khAye piye unake dvAra para baiThA rahA / lauTane para yamarAjako yaha samAcAra jJAta huA aura unhoMne naciketA para prasanna hokara use tIna varadAna diye| tIsare varadAnako mA~gate hue naciketA kahane lagA- mare hue manuSya ke viSaya meM saMzaya hai / koI to kahate haiM ki maraneke bAda vaha rahatA hai koI kahate haiM nahIM rhtaa| maiM yaha jAnanA cAhatA hUM ki vaha rahatA hai yA nahIM rahatA ? naciketAkA prazna sunakara yamarAja bole- he naciketA ! isa viSaya meM pahale devatAoM ne bhI sandeha kiyA thA parantu unakI bhI samajhameM nahIM AyA ; kyoMki yaha viSaya bar3A sUkSma hai / ataH mujha para dabAva mata ddaalo| isa prakAra yamarAja ne svarga ke devI pralobhana dekara bhI naciketAko apane praznase vimukha karanA cAhA aura kahA - he naciketA, maraneke bAda AtmAkA kyA hotA hai, isa bAtako mata pUcho / kintu naciketA apane prazna para hI dRr3ha rahA aura bolA - yaha manuSya maraNadharmA hai isa bAtako jAnanevAlA manuSya lokakA nivAsI kauna manuSya hai jo bur3hApe se rahita, na maranevAle zrApa jaise mahAtmAoM kA saMga pAkara bhI Amoda-pramodakA cintana karatA huA bahuta kAla taka jIvita rahanA pasanda karegA | ataH paraloka sambandhI Atma jJAnake viSaya meM merA sandeha dUra kIjiye / taba yamarAjane usakI dRr3hatA se prasanna hokara use Atmatattva kA upadeza kiyA zabdama sparzamarUpamavyayaM tathArasaM nityamagandhavacca yat / anAdyanantaM mahataH paraM dhruvaM nicAmya tanmRtyumukhAtpramucyate ||15|| jo zabda, sparza, rUpa, avyaya, arasa, nitya aura agandha hai, jo anAdi ananta mahattatvase bhI vilakSaNa aura dhruva hai, usa AtmAko jAnakara puruSa mRtyuke mukhase chUTa jAtA hai /

Page #88
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 63 praznopaniSad meM mahAtmA pippalAdase bhAradvAja sukezA kahate -bhagavan ! eka bAra kosala dezakA rAjakumAra hiraNyanAbha mere pAsa AyA aura usane mujhase pUchA- kyA tuma solaha kalAoM vAle puruSake viSaya meM jAnate ho ? maiMne spaSTa kaha diyAmaiM nahIM jAnatA TE vaha rathapara baiThakara calA gyaa| aba maiM usI tattvako jAnanA cAhatA hU~ / puruSa chA0 upa0, a0 7 meM nArada jIne sanatkumArake pAsa jAkara kahA - 'bhagavan ! mujhe upadeza dIjiye / ' sanatkumArane kahA- tuma jo kucha jAnate ho use batalAo, taba maiM tumheM Age batalAU~gA / nAradane kahA - bhagavan! maiM Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura cauthA atharvaveda jAnatA hU~ / inake sivA itihAsa purANarUpa pAMcavA veda, vyAkaraNa, zrAddhakalpa, gaNita, devavidyA, brahmavidyA, bhUtavidyA, vidyAdi saba maiM jAnatA hUM / so maiM bhagavan maMtravid to hUM kintu Atmavit nahIM huuN| maiMne sunA hai ki AtmavettA zokako pArakara letA hai, parantu bhagavan maiM zoka karatA hUM mujhe zokase pAra kara dIjiye / taba sanatkumArane unase kahA- tuma jo kucha jAnate ho vaha nAma hai tuma nAmakI upAsanA kro| taba nAradane pUchA- kyA nAmase bhI adhika kucha hai ? hAM nAmase bhI adhika hai ? to bhagavan mujhe vahI batalAiye / isa prakAra sanatkumAra jo kucha batalAte gaye nArada usase bhI adhika, usase adhika kI jijJAsA karatA gayA / antameM sanatkumArane kahA-- Atmadarzanase ina sabakI prApti ho jAtI hai / atmA hI satya hai / chA0 upa0 a08 meM indra aura virocanakA vRttAnta bhI isa viSaya meM acchA prakAza DAlatA hai, ataH use bhI yahAM diyA jAtA hai /

Page #89
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA eka bAra prajApatine kahA-'jo AtmA pApazUnya, jarA rahita, mRtyu rahita, zoka rahita, kSudhA rahita, pyAsa rahita, satya kAma aura satya saMkalpa hai use khojanA cAhiye / aura use vizeSarUpase jAnanA cAhiye / jo usa AtmA ko jAna letA hai, vaha sampUrNa loka aura samasta kAmanAoMko prAptakara letA hai|' / prajApatike isa vAkyako sura asura donoMne hI jAna liyaa| ve kahane lage-hama usa AtmAko jAnanA cAhate haiM jisake jAnane para sampUrNa loka aura samasta bhoga prApta ho jAte haiN| aisA vicArakara devatAoMkA rAjA indra aura asuroMkA rAjA virocana donoM prajApatike pAsa aaye| unhoMne battIsa varSa taka brahmacarya vAsa kiyaa| taba unase prajApatine kahA- tuma yahAM kyoM raha rahe ho ? unhoMne kahA-AtmAko jAnanekI icchAse hama yahAM raha ___ unase prajApatine kahA-yaha jo puruSa netroMmeM dikhAI detA hai, vaha AtmA hai, vaha amRta hai abhaya hai, brahma hai / yaha uttara sunakara donoM cale gye| unameMse virocana asuroMke pAsa pahu~cA aura unheM AtmavidyA batalAI-isa lokameM yaha zarIra hI AtmA hai yahI pUjanIya aura sevanIya hai| zarIrakI pUjA karanevAlA isa loka paraloka donoMko prApta karatA hai| kintu indrane socA yadi zarIra hI AtmA hai to amaratva kahA~ rahA ? ataH vaha punaH Akara battIsa varSa taka prajApatike pAsa rhaa| taba prajApatine kahA-'yaha jo svapnameM pUjita hotA huA vicaratA hai yaha AtmA hai, yaha amRta hai, abhaya hai aura yahI brahma hai|' isa uttarase santuSTa hokara indra lauttaa| kintu mArgameM usane punaH vicAra kiyA ki yadyapi svapna zarIra isa

Page #90
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa zarIrake doSase dUSita nahIM hotA phira bhI vaha sukha duHkhase sarvathA achUtA to nahIM hai| yaha socakara indra punaH lauTA aura battIsa varSa taka prajApatike pAsa rhaa| taba prajApatine kahA-'jisa avasthAmeM yaha soyA huA darzanavRttise rahita aura samyak rUpase Anandita ho svapnakA anubhava nahIM karatA, vaha AtmA hai, vaha amRta hai, abhaya hai, brahma hai|' isa uttarako sunakara indra cala diyaa| kintu mArgameM usane vicAra kiyA-'suptAvasthAmeM to ise yaha bhI jJAna nahIM rahatA ki yaha maiM huuN| usa samaya to mAnoM yaha vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| ataH vaha punaH lauTakara prajApatike pAsa AyA aura pAMca varSa taka rahA / taba prajApatine kahA-yaha zarIra mRtyuse grasta hai, vaha usa amata azarIrI AtmAkA adhiSThAna hai| sazarIra AtmA nizcaya hI priya apriyase grasta hai |""jo yaha anubhava karatA hai ki maiM saMghU , vaha AtmA hai / usake gandha grahaNake liye nAsikA hai| jo aisA anubhava karatA hai ki maiM bolU, vaha AtmA hai, ityAdi / upaniSadoMse diye gaye ukta saMvAdoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki upaniSatkAlameM vaidika RSiyoMmeM Atmatattvako jAnanekI prabala jijJAsA thii| unheM yaha anubhava ho cukA thA ki vaidika jJAna AtmajJAnake sAmane hIna hai| vaidika kriyAkANDase jo svarga milatA hai vaha sthAyI nahIM hai usameM amRtatva aura abhayatva nahIM hai, Atmatattvako jAna lenese hI amRtatva aura abhayatva prApta ho sakatA hai ataH indra aura nArada taka usake jJAna ke liye lAlAyita the| aura RSi loga parasparameM milate the to usIkI carcA karate the| jaise brAhmaNakAlameM yajJoMkI tUtI bolatI thI vaise hI upaniSadkAlameM usakA sthAna AtmavidyAne le liyA thaa|

Page #91
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA aura RSiloga usako jAnaneke liye kSatriyoMkA ziSyatva taka svIkAra karate the| AtmavidyAke svAmI kSatriya prAcInakAlase hI kSatriya jAti bauddhika jIvana aura sAhityika kAryoMse sambaddha rahatI AI hai| isa tathyakA samarthana na kevala upaniSadoMse hI hotA hai kintu brAhmaNa grantha bhI ise pramANita karate haiN| kauSItakI brAhmaNameM ( 26-5) pratardana nAmaka eka rAjA yajJake viSayameM purohitoMse vArtAlApa karatA huA dekhA jAtA hai| zatapatha brA0 meM videhake rAjA janakakA bArambAra ullekha AtA hai, jisane apane jJAnase saba RSiyoMko hataprabha kara diyA thA / rAjA janakane zvetaketu, somazuSma aura yAjJavalkyase pUchA ki Apa agnihotra kaise karate haiM ? kintu unameMse kisIne bhI santoSa janaka uttara nahIM diyaa| yadyapi yAjJavalkyako sau gau pAritoSikake rUpameM milIM; kyoMki usane agnihotrake viSayameM bar3I gaharAIse vicAra kiyA thA kintu agnihotrakA yathArtha Azaya vaha nahIM batA sake / __rAjAke cale jAnepara RSi loga ApasameM kahane lage ki yaha kSatriya to apane sambhASaNake dvArA vAstavameM hameM harA gyaa| aba hameM zAstrArtha ke liye use lalakAranA caahiye| kintu yAjJavalkyane unheM aisA karanese rokA aura kahA-hama brAhmaNa hai, aura vaha kevala eka kSatriya hai| yadi hama jIta gaye to hama kaise kaheMge ki hama eka kSatriyase jIta gye| kintu yadi usane hameM harA diyA to loga kaheMge ki eka kSatriyane brAhmaNoMko harA diyaa|

Page #92
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 67 donoM RSi usakI bAta mAna gye| kintu yAjJavalkya janakake pAsa gayA aura usase jJAna dAnakI prArthanA kii| (hi. iM0 li. ( vinTa0 ) ji0 1, pR0 227-8) / ____ upaniSadoMmeM bArambAra yaha kahA gayA hai ki rAjA athavA kSatriyoM ke pAsa sarvocca vidyA thI chaura brAhmaNa use prApta karaneke liye unake pAsa jAte the| chA0 upa0 (5-3 ) meM eka saMvAda isa prakAra hai--AruNikA putra zvetaketu pAJcAla dezake logoMkI sabhAmeM AyA / usase jIvalake putra pravAhaNane pUchA-kumAra ! kyA pitAne tujhe zikSA dI hai ? usane kahA-hA~ bhagavan / kyA tujhe mAlUma hai ki isa lokase jAnepara prajA kahA~ jAtI hai ? nahIM, bhagavan ! kyA tU jAnatA hai ki vaha phira isa lokameM kaise AtI hai ? nahIM, bhagavan ! devayAna aura pitRyAna-ina donoM mArgoMkA pArasparika viyoga sthAna tujhe mAlUma hai ? nahIM, bhagavan ! tujhe mAlUma hai ki yaha pitRloka bharatA kyoM nahIM hai ? nahIM bhagavan ! ityAdi sabhI praznoMkA uttara nakArameM sunakara pravAhaNane zvetaketuse kahA-'to phira tU apaneko 'mujhe zikSA dI gaI hai| aisA kyoM kahatA thA ? jo ina bAtoMko nahIM jAnatA vaha apaneko zikSita kaise kahatA hai ?

Page #93
68 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrvapIThikA taba zvetaketu trasta hokara apane pitAke pAsa AyA aura usase bolA-Apane mujhe zikSA diye binA hI kaha diyA thA ki maiMne tujhe zikSA de dI hai| usa kSatriyane mujhase pA~ca prazna puuche| kintu maiM unameMse ekakA bhI uttara nahIM de skaa| pitAne kahA-tumane jo prazna mujhe sunAye haiM unameM se maiM eka kA bhI uttara nahIM jaantaa| taba vaha gautama gotrIya RSi rAjA pravAhaNake sthAna para shraayaa| rAjAne usase kahA-bhagavan gautama ! Apa manuSya sambandhI dhanakA vara mAMga lIjiye / usane kahA-rAjan ! yaha manuSya sambandhI dhana Apake hI pAsa rhe| Apane mere putrake prati jo bAta prazna rUpase pUchI thI, vahI mujhe batalAiye / taba rAjA saMkaTameM par3a gyaa| 'cira kAla taka yahA~ raho, aisI AjJA dekara rAjAne RSise kahA-'pUrva kAlameM tumase pahale yaha vidyA brAhmaNoMke pAsa nahIM gayI / isIse sampUrNa lokoMmeM isa vidyAke dvArA kSatriyoMkA hI anuzAsana hotA rahA hai|' antameM rAjAne use vidyAkA dAna diyaa| vaha vidyA thI punarjanmakA siddhAnta / chA0 u0 kA ukta saMvAda spaSTa rUpase isa tathyako pramANita karatA hai ki punarjanmakA siddhAnta kSatriyoM se udbhUta huA hai aura brAhmaNa dharmane unhIMse use liyA hai| (hi0 i0 li0 (vinTa0) ji0 1, pR0 231) / / isI prakAra upaniSadoMke anya saMvAdoMse yaha pramANita hotA hai ki upaniSadoMkA mukhya siddhAnta AtmavidyA bhI abrAhmaNa kSetra 1. yatheyaM na prAka tvattaH purA vidyA brAhmaNAn gacchati tasmAdu sarveSu lokeSu kSatrasyaiva prazAsanamabhUditi tasmai hovAca // 7 ||-chaa. u0 5-3 /

Page #94
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa meM hI prakaTa huI thii| chA0 upa0 (5-11) meM likhA haiupamanyukA putra prAcInazAla, puluSakA putra satyayajJa, bhAllavike putrakA putra indradyumna, zarkarAkSakA putra jana aura azvatarAzvakA putra buDila-ye mahAgRhastha aura parama zrotriya ekatra hokara paraspara vicAra karane lage ki hamArA AtmA kauna hai aura brahma kyA hai ? __unhoMne sthira kiyA ki yaha aruNakA putra uddAlaka isa samaya isa vaizvAnara AtmAko jAnatA hai ataH hama usake pAsa cleN| aisA nizcaya karake ve usake pAsa gye| usane socA ki ye parama zrotriya mahAgRhastha mujhase prazna kareMge, kintu maiM inheM pUrI tarahase nahIM batalA skuuNgaa| ataH maiM inheM dUsarA upadeSTA bata gaaduuN|' yaha socakara usane inase kahA-isa samaya kekayakumAra azvapati isa vaizvAnara AtmAko acchI taraha jAnatA hai| Ao, hama usake pAsa cleN| ___ apane pAsa Aye hue una RSiyoMkA rAjAne satkAra kiyA aura dUsare dina prAtaHkAla hote hI unase kahA-maiM yajJa karanevAlA hU~, maiM eka eka Rtvikako jitanA dhana dUMgA utanA hI Apako bhI duuNgaa| ataH Apa loga yahIM tthhreN| ve bole-jisa prayojanase koI puruSa kahIM jAtA hai use cAhiye ki vaha apane usI prayojanako khe| isa samaya Apa vaizvAnara AtmAko jAnate haiN| usIkA Apa hamAre prati varNana kiijiye| vaha unase bolA-maiM prAtaHkAla Apa logoMko isakA uttara duuNgaa| taba dUsare dina pUrvAhnameM ve hAthoMmeM samidhA lekara rAjAke

Page #95
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA pAsa gye| rAjAne unakA upanayana na karake hI unheM AtmavidyAkA upadeza diyaa| ___ isa saMvAdakA varNana zata0 brA0 ( 10-6-1) meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isa tarahake saMvAdoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki jaba brAhmaNavarga apane yajJoMke karmakANDameM ulajhA huA thA, dUsare kSetra usa gambhIra AdhyAtmika tattvajJAnameM saMlagna the, jisakA varNana upaniSadoM meM hai| ___ isa dUsare kSetrase hI, jo ki mUlataH purohita vargase sambaddha nahIM thA, vicaraNazIla paribrAjaka, zramaNa Adi sanyAsa mArga agrasara hue| ye loga sAMsArika sukhoMke prati hI udAsIna nahIM the ki tu yajJoM aura vaidika kriyAkANDase bhI dUra the| kintu isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki brAhmaNoMne dArzanika vicAroMmeM koI bhAga nahIM liyaa| kyoMki kSatriya Adi ucca varNake loga brAhmaNoM ke pAsa par3hate the ataH unameM paraspara vicAroM kA AdAna-ptadAna avazya hotA thaa| sAtha hI brAhmaNoMmeM eka apanI kaTTaratA tathA brAhmaNatvako surakSita rakhate hue virodhI bicAroMko bhI apane anakUla banA lenekI eka apUrva caturAI hai aura usI caturAIke kAraNa vedavirodhI adhyAtmavidyAko unhoMne isa khUbIse apanAyA hai ki mAnoM upaniSadoMkA tattvajJAna unhIMkI dena haiN| DA0 dAsa guptAne apane bhAratIya darzanake itihAsa (ji0 1, pR. 33 ) meM likhA hai ki Ama taurase kSatriyoMmeM dArzanika anveSaNakI utsukatA vartamAna thI aura upaniSadoMke siddhAntoMke nirmANameM avazya hI unakA mukhya prabhAva rahA hai| tathya yaha hai ki prAcIna upaniSadoMkI sAhityika racanA brAhmaNa

Page #96
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 71 kSetrameM huI hai aura kevala isIliye unheM brAhmaNoMkA kaha sakate haiN| kintu isakA yaha matalaba kadApi nahIM lenA cAhiye ki upaniSadoMke saba vicAra athavA sabase adhika sArabhUta vicAra prathamavAra brAhmaNa kSetrameM udbhUta hue the| ApastamvIya dharmasUtra ( 2, 2-4-25 ) takameM brAhmaNake liye anujJA hai ki ApattikAlameM vaha kSatriya athavA vaizya guruse bhI par3ha sakatA hai| (hi. iM. li. (vinTa0) ji0 1, pR. 232 kI TippaNI meN)| isa prakAra kSatriya varga dArzanika carcAoMmeM khUba rasa lete the| ve jJAnake mAtra rakSaNakartA hI nahIM the kintu svayaM jJAnI the aura brAhmaNa taka unake ziSya the| ( vai0 e0 pR0 430) DA. dAsa guptA ne aura bhI (hi. iM0 phi0, ji0 1, pR0 31) likhA hai-'yahA~ yaha nirdeza karanA anucita na hogA ki upaniSadoMmeM bAraMbAra AnevAle saMvAdoMse, jinameM kahA gayA hai ki ucca jJAnakI prAptike liye brAhmaNa kSatriyoMke pAsa jAte the, tathA brAhmaNa granthoMke sAdhAraNa siddhAntoMke sAtha upaniSadoMkI zikSAkA mela na honese aura pAlI granthoMmeM varNita janasAdhAraNameM dArzanika siddhAntoMke astitvakI sUcanAse yaha anumAna karanA zakya hai ki sAdhAraNatayA kSatriyoMmeM gambhIra dArzanika anveSaNa kI pravRtti thI, jisane upaniSadoMke siddhAntoMke nirmANameM pramukha prabhAva ddaalaa| ataH yaha saMbhava hai ki yadyapi upaniSada brAhmaNoMke sAtha sambaddha haiM kintu unakI upaja akele brAhmaNa siddhAntoMkI unnatikA pariNAma nahIM hai, a-brAhmaNa vicAroMne avazya hI yA to upaniSada siddhAntoMkA prArambha kiyA hai athavA unakI upaja aura nirmANameM phalita sahAyatA pradAna kI hai, yadyapi brAhmaNoM ke hAthoMse hI ve zikhara para pahuMce haiN|'

Page #97
72 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA / sva0 ramezacanda dattane bhI vahI vicAra prakaTa karate hue likhA hai-"jaba ki brAhmaNa loga kriyA saMskAroMko bar3hAye jAte the.... to vicAravAna sacce loga yaha socate the ki kyA dharma kevala inhIM kriyA saMskAroM aura vidhiyoMko sikhalAtA hai,....... unhoMne AtmAke uddeza aura Izvarake viSayameM khoja kI, ye naye tathA kRtodyama vicAra aise vIrocita puSTa aura dRr3ha the ki brAhmaNa logoMne, jo ki apaneko hI buddhimAna samajhate the, antako hAra mAnI aura ve kSatriyoMke pAsa unako samajhaneke liye aaye| upaniSadoMmeM ve hI dRr3ha aura puSTa vicAra hai|" ( prA0mA0 saM0 i0, bhA0 1, pR0 110-111) / dArzanika vicAroM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka do avaidika tattva Rgvedase upaniSadoM takakI sthiti kA anuzIlana karane se prakaTa hotA hai ki Rgvaidika kAlameM vaidika Arya sindhu ghATImeM basate the| kintu vahA~ ve akele hI nahIM the, unake bIcameM aura cAroM ora tathA uttara bhAratake maidAnoM meM aneka jAtiyAM basatI thIM jinake sAtha unakA yuddha hotA rahatA thA aura jinheM ve dAsa aura dasyu kahate the| unake sAtha AryoMkA virodha kevala svAbhAvika nahIM thA, kintu Avazyaka bhI thaa| kyoMki unake aura AryoMke bIca meM dhArmika bheda thaa| Rgvedake ullekhoMke anusAra ve yajJa nahIM karate the, krimAkarmase zUnya the, vaidika devatAoMse ghRNA karate the, aura aisA vrata pAlate the jinase Arya aparicita the| AryoMne yuddha

Page #98
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa meM unheM jItakara unake bahutase AdamiyoMko dAsa banA liyA thaa| ye do jAtiyAM-eka Arya aura eka tathokta dAsa dasyu jinheM dravir3a mAnA jAtA hai--bhAratakI nRvaMza vidyAke do mUla tattva haiN| una donoMne parasparameM eka dUsare para apanA jo prabhAva DAlA, usa pArasparika prabhAvake phalasvarUpa bhAratakI sabhyatA aura dharmakA vikAsa huaa| ___ bhAratakI dhArmika krAntike adhyayanameM jo vidvAna loga apanA sArA dhyAna Arya jAtikI ora hI lagA dete haiM aura bhAratake samasta itihAsameM dravir3oMne jo bar3A bhAga liyA hai usakI upekSA kara dete haiM ve mahattvake tathyoM taka pahuMcanese raha jAte haiM / (ri0 li. i. pR. 4-5) / vaidika Aryo kA vizvAsa thA ki yajJa devatAoMko prabhAvita karate aura unase iSTa vastukI prApti karAne meM samartha haiN| ataH pratyeka pramukha Arya purohitoMse sahAyatA prApta karaneke liye utsuka rahatA thA aura purohita unake liye devatAoMse jo samRddhi aura vijaya prApta karatA thA usake liye ve use pracura dakSiNA dete the| isaliye purohitoMkA bar3A prabhAva aura Adara-sanmAna thA aura unake aneka vaMza the / Rgveda kI RcAeM sAta samUhoMmeM vibhAjita haiN| ye sAta samUha sAta purohita vaMzoM kI, jinheM maMtra draSTA honese RSi kahA jAtA hai, dena hai| __parantu Rgvedake dharmameM na saMnyAsa hai, na AtmasaMyama hai, na vairAgya hai na darzana hai aura na mandira hai; kyoMki yajJa to yajJakartAke ghara ke pAsa hI kisI maidAnameM vedI banAkara kiye jAte the| sArAMza yaha hai ki vaidika sabhyatA kriyAkANDI sabhyatA thii| vaidika AyoMke dhArmika jIvanakA sabase pramukha aMga yajJoMmeM soma

Page #99
74 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA pAna thA / aura vaidika grantha isa vidhise ghaniSTarUpase sambaddha haiN| yadyapi saiddhAntika aura dArzanika vicAroMke tattvakA vaidika pranthoMmeM sarvathA abhAva nahIM hai, kintu vidvAnoMke matAnusAra dArzanika vicAroMke vikAsake liye kriyAkANDavAda uttama par3ausa to nahIM hai| AdarzavAdI vicAroMke vikAsake liye ekAgratA aura cintana Avazyaka haiM aura inake liye yajJa ucita sthAna nahIM hai| (hi0 phi0 I0 ve0, pR0 32) / isI taraha sAkArarUpameM devatAkI upAsanA paramAtmaviSayaka ucca vicAroMkI ora le jAtI hai| aisI upAsanA vahIM ho sakatI hai jahAM koI devatAkA dRzya pratIka hotA hai yA sAkSAt mUrti hotI hai| yajJakI paddhati koI aisI vastu nahIM hai jo sthAyI sthAnakA rUpa le sake, kyoMki yajJa to yathAvasara tatkAla nirmita maNDapameM kiye jAte the aura yajJa samApta honeke sAtha hI maNDapa samApta ho jAtA thaa| kintu eka mandira nirmANa karake aura usameM devatA ko sthApita karake pUjana karanA eka sthAyI vastu hai| yajJameM to yajJake kartA purohita loga hI usa adRzya zaktikA anubhavana kara sakate the-dUsare loga to kevala agni aura usameM dI jAnevAlI AhutiyoMko dekha sakate the, usameM kriyAtmaka bhAga nahIM le sakate the| ataH mandirapUjAke sAtha sAkAratA, sAmAjikatA aura satatatA sambaddha hai isaliye saiddhAntika vicAroM ke vikAsake liye mandira hI ucita sthAna ho sakatA hai / yaha mandira prArambhameM zaharI sabhyatAse sambaddha nahIM the, kintu inakA sambandha jaMgaloMse thA (hi. phi0 I0 ve0 pR0 33 ) / ataH vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki vaidika sabhyatAmeM uttarakAlameM jo zaharoMke sthAnameM vanoMkA aura yajJoMke sthAnameM mandira pUjAkA pracalana huA, yaha a-vaidika saMskRtikA prabhAva hai, kyoMki ye

Page #100
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa donoM tathya mUlataH avaidika haiN| aura ina donoMkA darzanazAstrakI abhyunnati para bar3A prabhAva hai (hi. ri0 I0 ve0, pR0 33) / DA0 bhaNDArakarane likhA hai 'bhArata sadAse videziyoMke AkramaNake liye mukta rahA hai aura unake bhAratameM vasa jAnese yahAM jAtiyoMkA sammizraNa hotA AyA hai| ina jAtiyoMke apane devatA hote the| AryoMke hAthameM bhAratakA adhikAra Anese pUrva unameMse kucha jAtiyAM liMga dvArA apane devatAoMkI upAsanA karatI thiiN| aura liMga pUjAkA itanA avazya hI calana rahA hogA ki use Aryone svIkAra kara liyA aura apane vaidika devatA iMdrake sAtha usakA ekIkaraNa kara diyaa| anya jAtiyAM anya devoMko pUjatI thIM unheM bhI Aryone apane devatAoMmeM sammilita kara liyaa| unakI prazaMsAmeM purANa race gye| jaina aura bauddha dharmakI sthApanA una manuSyoMne kI thI jo paramAtmA mAne jAte the| ataH unake smArakAMkI pUjA tathA unakI mUrtiyoMkA Adara karanekI icchA honA svAbhAvika hai| yaha pUjA pracalita ho gaI aura samasta bhAratameM phaila gii| ataH rAma, kRSNa, nArAyaNa, lakSmI aura ziva pArvatIkI mUrtiyAM taiyArakI gaI aura pUjAke liye sArvajanika sthAnoMmeM sthApita kI giiN| ( ka0 va. bhAM0, ji0 1, pR0411)| ___ isI taraha banoMkA bhAratIya vicAroM ke vikAsameM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| araNyavAsI RSiyoMke Azrama dArzanika vicAroMke kendra the| kintu unakI carcA upaniSadkAlameM hI zravaNa gocara hotI hai| upaniSadse pUrva race gaye vedoMmeM una araNyavAsiyoMkA koI

Page #101
__ jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hAtha nahIM hai| Rgvedake saMkalayitA RSi ina araNyavAsI RSiyoMse sarvathA bhinna the| ve araNya ( vana ) meM nahIM rahate the| kintu nagaroM aura gAvoMmeM rahate the| aura isa liye araNyavAsI RSiyoMkI taraha ve saMsArase udAsIna nahIM the| veda-mantroMke dRSTA honese unheM RSi kahA jAtA thaa| brAhmaNa sabhyatAke nirmANameM unhIMkA hAtha thA-araNyavAsI RSiyoMkA hAtha nahIM thaa| isI taraha vaidika devatA bhI araNyavAsI nahIM the| ve savAriyoM para baiThate the jinheM ghAr3e khIMcate the| hAM, avaidika devatA avazya araNyavAsI the, jo mUlataH dravir3a the, kintu pIchese hindU devatAoMmeM bhI sammilita kara liye gye| hama pUrvameM likha Aye haiM ki vaidika sabhyatA kriyAkANDI sabhyatA thii| yajJa usakA pradhAnakarma thA. aura yajJa yajJakartAke dvArA nirmita gRha maNDapoMmeM huA karate the| ye yajJa dArzanika vicAroM ke sthAna nahIM the| yajJoMmeM maMtra pATha, Ahuti aura dakSiNA kA hI sAmrAjya thA / isI kAraNase ve aura unake vyAkhyA grantha brAhmaNoMmeM araNyoMkI dhvani sunAI nahIM pdd'tii| jaba yajJoMkI vedhvanimeM mandatA AtI hai to araNyakoMse araNyoMkI dhvani sunAI dene lagatI hai| yA yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki araNyakI dhvani sunAI par3aneke vAdase veda dhvani manda aura mandatara hotI jAtI hai| Rgveda sindhughATIkI racanA hai java ki AraNyaka aura prAcIna upaniSada gaMgAghATImeM race gye| ataH gaMgAkI ghATI meM avazya hI aise araNya the jahAM saMsArase virakta RSi loga AtmavidyAkI ArAdhanA kiyA karate the|

Page #102
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa kintu vaidika sAhityameM 'araNya' zabdake jo artha pAye jAte haiM unase patA calatA hai ki araNyoMke prati vaidika RSiyoMkI prArambhameM kaisI manovRtti thii| RgvedameM gAMvake bAharakI binA jutI huI jamInake arthameM araNya zabdakA prayoga huA hai| kintu 'araNyAnI' zabdakA prayoga jaMgalake arthameM kiyA gayA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa (5-3-35 ) meM likhA hai ki araNyameM cora basate haiN| vRhadA0 upa0 (5-11 ) meM likhA hai ki murdeko araNyameM le jAte haiN| chA0 u0 (8-5-3 ) meM likhA hai ki araNyameM tapasvIjana nivAsa karate haiM (vai0i0 meM araNya zabda ) / . ___ yahA~ yaha batalA denA Avazyaka hai ki brAhmaNa sAhityameM tapakA varNana hai| isameM vidvAnoMkA aisA mata hai ki jaba vaidika Arya pUrabakI ora bar3he arthAt sindhu ghATIse gaMgA ghATIkI ora gaye to yajJa pIche raha gaye aura yajJakA sthAna tapa ne le liyA (kai hi0)| vaise Rgveda ( maM0 10, sUkta 160 ) meM tapase vizvakI utpatti batalAI hai| aura yaha sUkta aghamarSaNa RSikA batalAyA jAtA hai| samasta brAhmaNa smRtiyoMmeM isa sUktako zodhaka sUktoMmeM batalAyA hai| aghamarSaNake ukta sUktase pahale dasaveM maNDalameM hI 56 nambarakA sUkta hai jise prajApati parameSThIkA sUkta kahA jAtA hai, isa sUktameM bhI sRSTikI utpattikI hI carcA hai| ina donoM sUktoMkA sAdhAraNatayA eka hI pakSa hai ki donoMke rAyatA RSi isa dRzya saMsArakI utpatti tapase batalAte haiN| (hi0 prI0 I0 pi0 pR08) isa taraha yadyapi RgvedameM tapakA nirdeza AtA hai kintu tapakA varNana brAhmaNa sAhityase pahaleke vaidika sAhityameM nahIM

Page #103
78 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA milatA / zata0 brA0 (6,-1-1-13 ) likhA hai-AkAza vAyu para, vAyu pRthvIpara, pRthvI jalapara, jala satyapara, satya yajJapara aura yajJa tapapara sthita hai| yahAM tapako yajJa aura satyase bhI ucca batalAyA hai| kintu isa kAlake vaidika sAhityameM tapakI vividha vidhiyoMkA varNana nahIM miltaa| brAhmaNa granthoM meM hI muni, parivrAjaka, tApasa aura zramaNoMkA nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai| ataH tapa aura araNyoMke prati brAhmaNakAla taka vaidika AryoMkI AsthA nahIM thI aura na unake prati vizeSa AkarSaNa hI thA; kyoMki ina donoMkA sambandha unakI saMskRtise nahIM thaa| punarjanma zaMkarake advaitavAda tathA bauddhadarzanako chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzana isa viSayameM sAdhAraNatayA ekamata haiM ki AtmA eka nitya tathA amUrtika padArtha hai| phalataH ve AtmAoMko amara mAnate haiN| kintu vaidika AryoMkA vizvAsa isase sarvathA bhinna thaa| unakA vizvAsa thA ki mRtyuke pazcAt bhI prANIkA jIvana lagabhaga usI rUpameM cAlU rahatA hai jisa rUpameM vaha pRthivI para jIvita avasthAmeM thaa| antara itanA hai ki mRtyuke bAda usakI sthiti kevala chAyA rUpa hai aura zarIrarUpa hote hue bhI vaha atyanta sUkSma hotA hai| mRtyuke pazcAt kA vaha sUkSma zarIra hI vaidika AryoMkA AtmA thaa| isase bhinna koI AtmA nAmakI vastu nahIM thii| vaidika AryokA AtmaviSayaka ukta vizvAsa hinduoMmeM. Aja bhI pitaroMke rUpameM pracalita hai, jinake uddezyase ve zrAddhakarma karate haiN|

Page #104
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa brAhmaNagranthoM tathA prAcInatama upaniSadoMmeM AtmaviSayaka jo vicAra milate haiM ve ukta vaidika vizvAsase bahuta adhika unnata haiN| unameM AtmAko prANoMse nirmita batalAyA hai| ve pA~ca haiM-prANa, vacana, cakSu, zrotra aura mana / ye pAcoM milakara yathokta AtmArUpa ho jAte haiN| ___ upaniSadoMmeM AyA huA vArtAlApa ukta sthiti para pUrA prakAza DAlatA hai| vRhadAraNyakake tIsare adhyAyameM videharAja janakakI sabhAmeM hue eka vivAdakA varNana hai jisameM yAjJavalkyane kuru aura pAJcAlake brAhmaNoMke praznoMkA uttara diyA thaa| yAjJavalkyakA eka vipakSI jAratkArava ArtabhAga thaa| jAratkAravane pUchA-he yAjJavalkya ! jaba yaha SuruSa maratA hai to usase usake prANa nikalate haiM yA nahIM ? yAjJavalkyane uttara diyA --- 'nahIM, ve usI meM ekatra ho jAte haiN| ___ usane phira pUchA-'yAjJavalkya jaba yaha manuSya maratA hai, kauna use nahIM chor3atA ? yAjJavalkyane uttara diyA-nAma, nAma ananta haiM, vizvameM deva ananta haiM, usIke dvArA vaha ananta lokako jItatA hai| usane phira pUchA- yAjJavalkya ! jaba isa mata vyaktikI vANI agnimeM, zvAsa vAyumeM, cakSu sUryameM, mana candrameM, zrotra dizAmeM, zarIra pRthivImeM, AtmA AkAzameM, roma auSadhiyoMmeM, keza vanaspati meM, rudhira aura vIrya jalameM lIna ho jAtA hai taba puruSa kahA~ rahA ? ___ yAjJavalkyane uttara diyA-he saumya ! hAtha milAo, hameM isa praznakI carcA sabake sAmane nahIM karanI cAhiye / hama donoM hI ise jAneM / taba ve donoMalaga jAkara vicAra karane lge| unhoMne

Page #105
jai0 sA0 - i0 pUrva pIThikA jo kucha kahA aura jisakI prazaMsA kI, vaha hai 'karma' puNyakarma se puNya hotA hai aura pApakarmase pApa hotA hai / 80 isa vArtAlApa se spaSTa hai ki donoM vyakti pA~ca prANoMke melase jIvana mAnate the aura unake sAmane nitya amara vyaktitvakA vicAra nahIM AyA thA / kintu isase yaha matalaba nahIM lenA cAhiye ki usa samaya AtmA ke amaratvavAlA siddhAnta sthApita nahIM huA thA, yA AtmA ke svatantra astitvameM vizvAsa karanevAle loga the hI nahIM / kintu taba taka yaha vicAra vaidika RSiyoMke mastiSka meM praviSTa nahIM huA thA / yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki upaniSadoMmeM punarjanma tathA karmasiddhAntakA darzana milatA hai / chA0 u0 ( 5-10 ) meM likhA hai - prathama AtmA candramA meM jAtA hai, jise punaH zarIra dhAraNa karanA hotA hai vaha vahA~se A jAtA hai / phira vaha varSA ke rUpa meM pRthvIme jAtA hai aura annarUpa ho jAtA hai jo usa annako khAtA hai vaha usako navIna janma dekara usakA pitA ho jAtA hai| yaha kahanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki punarjanma ke pracalita siddhAntase ukta siddhAnta kitanA bhinna hai / astu, / ina do navIna siddhAntoMke pravezake pazcAt vaidika dharmakI rUpa rekhAmeM bahuta parivartana huA / vaidika yajJa aura devatAoMkA prabhutva jAtA rahA / aura bhautika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti tathA bhautika jIvanake cirakAla taka bane rahanekI kAmanA rakhane vAloM meM bhI amaratva prAptikI jijJAsA jAga uThI; kyoMki punajarmake isa cakra se deva, dAnava, pazu, manuSya aura banaspati koI bhI bacA huA nahIM thA--sabakA mRtyuke bAda janma lenA Avazyaka

Page #106
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 81 thaa| aura koI bhI daivI zakti aisI nahIM thI jo isase unheM bacA ske| phira bure karmoMkA phala burA aura acche karmoMkA phala acchA milatA thaa| isase naitikatAke prasArako bala milaa| pahale to vaidika AryoMkA yaha vizvAsa thA ki devatA aura pitara amara haiM / hama bhI kriyAkANDake dvArA amaratva prApta kara sakate haiN| kintu ina donoM siddhAntoMke prakAzameM Aneke pazcAt amaratva prApta karanA sulabha nahIM rahA / usake liye vyaktigata naitika jIvana ko sudhAranA Avazyaka thaa| __saMnyAsa kintu prArambha meM hama yaha bAta nahIM dekhate; kyoMki vaidika RSi loga gambhIra naitika nahIM the| unakI RcAoM meM pApako mAnane vAle manuSyakI TonameM bhAvijIvanake liye koI cetAvanI nahIM hai, aura ho bhI kyoM, jaba ve punarjanmavAdI nahIM the| isIse prArambhameM vaidika Arya mAMsabhojI the| vaha jo khAte the vaha devatA ko bheTa karate the| ataH vaidika AryoMke pracalita bhojanakI sUcI yajJakI balisUcIke AdhArase saMkalitakI jA sakatI hai| punarjanmake siddhAntako svIkAra kara leneke bAda hI unameM ahiMsA kA siddhAnta rUpase praveza huA jAna par3atA hai| (vai0 iM0 ji0 2, pR0 145) isI taraha cAra AzramoMkI vyavasthA bhI pIchese AI hai| brAhmaNako brahmacArI aura gRhasthake rUpameM jIvana bitAneke 1-saba devoMse UMce aura samasta sRSTike saMcAlaka Izvara kI kalpanA una logoMke mastiSka kI upaja nahIM hai, jinhoMne punarjanmake siddhAntako janma diyaa| (ri0 li0 I0 pR0 35)

Page #107
82 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bAda sanyAsI ho jAnA cAhie, yaha niyama vaidika sAhityameM nahIM miltaa| paurANika paramparAke anusAra rAjya tyAgakara banameM cale jAnekI prathA kSatriyoM meM pracalita thI / grIka lekhakoMke lekhoM se bhI isakA samarthana hotA hai (vai0 iM* 'brAhmaNa' zabda ) / ___ gautama dharma sUtra (8-8 } meM eka prAcIna acAryakA mata diyA hai ki vedoMko to eka gRhasthAzrama hI mAnya hai| vedameM usIkA pratyakSa vidhAna hai itara AzramoMkA nhiiN| atharvaveda aura brAhmaNa granthoMmeM brahmacaryAzramakA, vizeSataH upanayanakA vidhAna AyA hai| kintu cAra AzramoMkA ullekha chA0 upa0 meM hai| ataH vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki vAnaprastha aura sanyAsa ko vaidika Aryone avaidika logoMkI saMskRtise liyA hai / ( hi dha0sa0, pR0 127 ) Apa bAlmIki rAmAyaNako dekheM-isameM kisI bhI saMnyAsI ke darzana nahIM hote / hA~, vAnaprastha sarvatra dRSTigocara hote haiN| ____ lokamAnya tilakane apane gItA rahasyameM 'saMnyAsa aura karmayoga' nAmaka prakaraNameM isa bAtakA joradAra samarthana kiyA hai ki vaidika dharmameM saMnyAsa mArga vihita nahIM thaa| vaha likhate haiM-'vedasaMhitA aura brAhmaNoMmeM saMnyAsa Azrama Avazyaka kahIM nahIM kahA gayA hai| ulaTA jaiminine vedoM kA yahI spaSTa mata batalAyA hai ki grahasthAzramameM rahanese hI mokSa milatA hai / dekho vedAntasUtra 3. 4. 17-20 ) aura unakA yaha kathana kucha nirAdhAra bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki karmakANDake isa prAcIna mArgako gauNa mAnanekA prArambha upaniSadoMmeM hI pahale pahala dekhA jAtA hai| yadyapi upaniSad vaidika haiM, tathApi unake viSaya pratipAdanase prakaTa hotA hai ki ve saMhitA aura brAhmaNoMke pIcheke haiM, isake mAnI yaha nahIM, ki isake pahale paramezvarakA jJAna huA hI nahIM

Page #108
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 83 thaa| hAM, upaniSatkAlameM hI yaha mata pahale pahala amalameM avazya Ane lagA ki mokSa pAneke liye jJAnake pazcAt vairAgyase karmasaMnyAsa karanA cAhiye / aura isake pazcAt saMhitA evaM brAhmaNoM meM varNita karmakANDako gauNatva A gyaa| isake pahale karma hI pradhAna mAnA jAtA thA / upaniSatkAlameM vairAgyayukta jJAna arthAt saMnyAsakI isa prakAra bar3hatI hone lagane para, yajJa yAga prabhRti karmoMkI ora yA cAturvarNya dharmakI ora bhI jJAnI puruSa yoMhI durlakSa karane lage aura tabhIse yaha samajha manda hone lagI ki lokasaMgraha karanA hamArA kartavya hai| smRtipraNetAoMne, apane apane granthoM meM yaha kahakara ki gRhasthAzramameM yajJa yAga Adizrauta yA cAturvarNyake smArta karma karanA hI bAhiye, gRhasthAzramakI bar3AI gAI hai sahI, parantu smRtikAroMke matameM bhI antameM vairAgya yA saMnyAsa Azrama hI zreSTha mAnA gayA hai, isa liye upaniSadoMke jJAna prabhAvase karmakANDako jo gauNatA prApta ho gaI thI, usako haTAnekA sAmarthya smRtikAroMkI Azrama vyavasthAmeM nahIM raha sakatA thaa| aisI avasthA meM jJAna kANDa aura karmakANDameMse kisI ko gauNa na kahakara bhaktike sAtha ina donoMkA mela kara deneke liye gItAkI pravRtti huI hai| (gI0 ra0 pR0 344) 1-tai0 u0 (2-1-1 ) meM likhA hai-brahmajJAnase mokSa prApta hotA hai| zve0 u0 ( 3-8) meM likhA hai-mokSa prAptikA dUsarA mArga nahIM / vRha0 u0 (4-22 aura 3-5-1 ) meM likhA hai- prAcIna jJAnI puruSoMko putra AdikI icchA na thI aura yaha samajha kara ki jaba saba loka hI hamArA hai taba hameM santAna kisa liye cAhiye ? ve santAna saMpati aura svarga kI cAhase nivRtta hokara bhikSATana karate ghUmate the| (gI0 20, pR0 312-13)

Page #109
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ukta kathanase bhI spaSTa hai ki vaidika dharmameM saMnyAsamArgakA praveza upaniSatkAlase huaa| ___yadyapi bahuta prAcIna kAlase vaidika AryoM meM brahmacArI aura gRhasthoMke astitvake cihna milate haiM aura vedoMmeM yati aura muniyoMkA bhI nirdeza hai kintu paM0 haradatta zarmAke mantavyAnusAra zvetAzvatara upaniSadase pahale, jisameM 'atyAzramin' zabda AyA hai-Azrama paripATIkI sthApanA nahIM huI thii| prAcIna upaniSadoMmeM kevala brahmacArI. gRhastha aura yati yA muni ina tIna AzramoMke pramANa milate haiN| chAndo0 upa0 (8-15-1) ke anusAra gRhastha dazAmeM bhI brahmalokako prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| - prAcIna upaniSadoMmeM vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsa AzramoMmeM koI antara pratIta nahIM hotaa| brAhmaNa granthoMmeM yadyapi saMnyAsake prati koI virodhI bhAva to nahIM darzAyA gayA hai kintu gRhastha jIvanako hI Adarza-jIvana mAnA hai / zatapatha brA0 ( 13, 4-1-1) meM likhA hai-'etad vai jarAmayaM satraM yad agnihotram' arthAt 'jaba taka jio agnihotra kro| taitti0 upa0 (1-11-1 ) meM likhA hai-'prajAtantuM mA vyavacchetsIH' / arthAt santAnakI paramparAko mata todd'o| IzAvA. u0 meM likhA hai-'kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSet zataM samAH' / arthAt eka manuSyako apane jIvana bhara karma karate hue sau varSa taka jInekI icchA karanI caahiye| yAska ne apane 1. pUnA aoriyanTala sirIz2a naM0 64 meM paM0 haradatta zarmAkA eka vidvattA pUrNa nibandha 'brAhmaNa saMnyAsake itihAsa' para prakAzita huA hai| unhIM kI khojoM ke phalasvarUpa ukta uddharaNa prApta ho sake haiM |-le

Page #110
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa nirukta ( 14-6 ) meM likhA hai ki karma chor3anevAle tapasviyoM aura jJAnayukta karma karanevAle karmayogiyoMko eka hI devayAna gati prApta hotI hai| ___ aba dharmasUtroMko liijiye| baudhAyana aura ApastambameM spaSTa kahA hai ki gRhasthAzrama hI mukhya hai aura usIse amRtatva milatA hai| baudhAyana dharmasUtrameM (2-6-11-33, 34 ) kahA hai ki janmase hI brAhmaNa apanI pITha para tIna RNa lAtA hai| ina RNoMko cukAneke liye yajJa yAga Adi pUrvaka gRhasthAzramakA pAlana karanevAlA manuSya brahmalokako pahu~catA hai aura brahmacarya yA saMnyAsakI prazaMsA karanevAle dhUlameM mila jAte haiN| Apastamba sUtra (6-24-8) meM bhI aisA ho kathana hai / Apastamba sUtra isa bAtakA samarthaka nahIM hai ki koI eka bAra gRhasthAzramameM praveza karake use chor3akara anya AzramameM praveza kre| isakA yaha matalaba nahIM hai ki ina donoM dharmasUtroMmeM saMnyAsa AzramakA varNana nahIM hai, kintu usakA varNana karake bhI gRhasthAzramako hI vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai| yahI bAta hama smRtiyoMmeM dekhate haiM / manusmRtike chaThe adhyAyameM kahA hai ki manuSya brahmacarya, gArhasthya aura vAnaprastha AzramoMse car3hatA car3hatA karmatyAgarUpa cauthA Azrama svIkAra kre| parantu saMnyAsa AzramakA nirUpaNa samApta hone para manu ne prathama yaha prastAvanA kI ki 'yaha yatiyoMkA arthAt sanyAsiyoMkA dharma batalAyA aba vedasaMnyAsiyAMkA karmayoga kahate haiN| aura phira yaha kahA hai ki anya AzramoMkI apekSA gRhasthAzrama hI zreSTha hai| Age bArahaveM adhyAyameM niSkAma gArhasthyavRttiko hI vaidika karmayoga nAma dekara kahA hai ki yaha mArga bhI caturtha

Page #111
86 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA Azramake samAna hI mokSaprada hai| isI taraha yAjJavalkyasmRtike tIsare adhyAyameM yatidharmakA nirUpaNa karaneke pazcAt 'athavA' padakA prayoga karake likhA hai ki jJAnaniSTha aura satyavAdI gRhastha bhI ( binA saMnyAsa grahaNa kiye ) mukti pAtA hai| ___ mahAbhAratameM jaba yudhiSThira mahAyuddhake pazcAt saMnyAsa lenA cAhate haiM to bhImane usa samaya saMnyAsake viruddha jo yuktiyA~ dI haiM ve dRSTavya haiN| bhIma kahatA hai-zAstrameM likhA hai ki jaba manuSya saMkaTameM ho yA bUr3hA ho gayA ho, yA zatruoMse trasta ho to use saMnyAsa le lenA caahiye| ataH buddhimAn manuSya saMsArakA tyAga nahIM karate aura dRSTisampanna manuSya ise niyamakA ullaMghana mAnate haiN| bhAgyahIna aura nAstika logoM ne hI saMnyAsa calAyA hai| Adi / ___ina saba uddharaNoMse prakaTa hai ki vaidika dharmane saMnyAsako hRdayase nahIM apnaayaa| aura isakA mukhya kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki vaha mUlataH vaidika dharmakA aMga nahIM thA, kintu una logoMkA thA jo vaidika AryoMke kriyAkANDI jIvanase bhinna mArgAvalambI the aura jinheM vaidika mArgAnuyAyI nAstika kahate the| AtmA, punarjanma, araNya, saMnyAsa, tapa, aura mukti, ye sAre tattva parasparameM sambaddha haiN| prAtmavidyAkA eka chora punarjanma hai to dUsarA chora mukti hai, aura saMnyAsa lekara araNya meM tapa karanA punarjanmase muktikA upAya hai| ye saba tattva vaidiketara saMskRtise vaidika saMskRtimeM praviSTa hue haiN| tabhI to vidvAnoMkA kahanA hai ki 'avaidika tattvoMkA prabhAva kevala dezameM vicAroMke vikAsake liye eka naye prakArake dRzyase paricayameM hI

Page #112
hI parilakSita ke itihAsa hA kAla-ina ha aura usake vidika paJcAna kA darzana ke itihaa| isIse prATImeM praviSTa ho prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 87 lakSita nahIM hotA, kintu satya taka pahu~caneke upAyoMke parivartanameM bhI lakSita hotA hai|' (hi0 ri0 I0 ve0 pR0 32) ___ ukta sabhI tattva sindhughATIse gaMgAghATImeM praviSTa honeke bAdase hI parilakSita hote haiN| isIse pro0 baru Ane apane buddhapUrva bhAratIya darzanake itihAsameM vaidika kAlako, vaidika kAla, vaidika pazcAt kAla aura nyU vaidika kAla-ina tIna kAloMmeM vibhAjita karake Rgveda kAlako vaidika kAla kahA hai aura usake pazcAtse vaidika pazcAt kAlakA prArambha mAnA hai| yadyapi Rgvedake dasaveM maNDalameM kucha dArzanika vicAroMkA AbhAsa hai, kintu usameM cAra varNoM kA nirdeza Adi kucha aisI bAteM bhI pAI jAtI haiM, jinake kAraNa usa maNDalako bAdakI racanA mAnA jAtA hai| tathA yadyapi RgvedakI racanA sindhughATI meM huI tathApi usakA dasavA~ maNDala yamunAkI ghATImeM racA gayA, aisA vidvAnoMkA mata hai| (ri0 li0 I0, pR0 15, kai. hi0 ji0 1, pR063 ) / ___ isI dasaveM maNDalameM prajApati parameSThI, hiraNyagarbha aura vAtarazana (nagna ) muniyoMkA ullekha hai, jinakI carcA hama Ageke prakaraNameM kreNge| pro0 baruAne vaidika pazcAt kAla aura nyU vaidika kAlake bIcameM yAjJavalkyako sImAcinha mAnA hai| arthAt yAjJavalkyake sAtha vaidika pazcAtkAlakA anta aura nyU vaidika kAlakA Arambha hotA hai| zatapa0 brA0 meM zveta ketuko yAjJavalkyakA samakAlIna batalAyA hai| pro0 baruAke matAnusAra (hi. pro. iM0 phi0 pR0 161) bhAratIya dharmoMke itihAsameM isa kAlako zramaNa brAhmaNakAla saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| vaidikapazcAtkAlake vicArakoMmeM yAjJavalkya hI prathama vicAraka haiM jinhoMne

Page #113
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA zramaNoMkI ora lakSya diyaa| zramaNoMke sivAya tApasoMkA bhI ullekha yAjJavalkya ne kiyA hai| isa kAlameM vibhinna vicAraka saMsthAe~ thI, jinheM sthUla rUpase zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM tathA tApasoM aura parivrAjakoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| zramaNa paramparA ___bhAratavarSake dhArmika itihAsameM hameM do vibhinna paramparAoMke darzana hote haiN| unameM eka paramparA brAhmaNoMkI hai aura dUsarI paramparA zramaNoMkI hai| bhAratavarSakA kramabaddha itihAsa buddha aura mahAvIrake kAlase Arambha hotA hai| usa kAlase lekara ina donoM paramparAoMkA pRthaktva barAbara lakSita hotA haiN| . 'sikandarake samakAlIna yUnAnI lekhakoM ne sAdhuoMkI do zreNiyoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai-eka zramaNa aura eka brAhmaNa / azokake zilAlekhoMmeM zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoMkA pRthaka pRthaka nirdeza hai| pataJjaline apane mahAbhASya (sU02-4-12) meM zramaNa aura brAhmaNameM zAzvatika virodha batalAyA hai| zve0 jaina AgamoMmeM zramaNa pA~ca prakArake batalAye haiMnimrantha, zAkya, tApasa, gairuka aura AjIvaka / jaina sAdhu nigrantha zramaNa, bauddha sAdhu zAkya zramaNa, jaTAdhArI banavAsI tApasa, lAla vastradhArI sAdhu gairUka aura gozAlakake anuyAyI sAdhu AjIvaka kaheM jAte haiM / ( abhi0 rA0, 'zramaNa' zabda ) / bAlmIki rAmAyaNameM (sarga 18 pR0 28) brAhmaNa, zramaNa aura tApasoMkA pRthaka pRthaka ullekha kiyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki tApasa loga brAhmaNoMse bhinna the| zramaNoMkI taraha hI tApasa aura parivrAjaka bhI prAcIna haiN| 1. I0 pA0, pR0 383 /

Page #114
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa zve. jai0 AgamoMmeM ATha prakArake brAhmaNa parivrAjaka aura ATha prakArake kSatriya parivrAjaka batalAye haiN| ( abhi0 rA0, 'parivrAjaka' zabda ) / aguttara (4-35) meM bhI parivrAjakoMke do bheda kiye haiM brAhmaNa aura eka annatitthiya (abrAhmaNa ) / sAdhuoMmeM brAhmaNa aura kSatriyakA yaha bheda ullekhanIya hai| aura yaha brAhmaNa aura kSatriyake usa pArasparika bhedako batalAtA hai jo na kevala varNagata thA kintu vicAragata aura uccatvagata bhI thaa| / mahAbIra aura buddha donoMke anuyAyI sAdhu zramaNa kahe jAte the aura mahAvIra tathA buddha donoM pravrajyA grahaNa karaneke pazcAt mahAzramaNa kahalAye the| ye donoM kSatriya the| donoM veda aura brAhmaNa paramparAke virodhI the| kintu vaidika saMskRtimeM jo tattva pIchese praviSTa hue-aAtmavidyA, punarjanma, tapa, mukti Adi, una sabako donoM mAnate the| yadyapi buddha Atma tattvake pakSapAtI nahIM the kintu mahAvIra to kSatriyoMkI AtmavidyAke marmajJa hI nahIM kintu suyogya uttarAdhikArI the| unheM vaha jJAna apane pUrvaja kSatriya pArzvanAthakI paramparAse prApta huA thaa| yahA~ zramaNoMkI prAcInatAke sambandhameM thor3A sA prakAza DAlanA ucita hogaa| bRha0 upa0 (4-3-22 ) meM tApasake sAtha bhramaNa zabda bhI AtA hai| AcArya zaMkara ne zramaNakA artha parivrAjaka aura tApasakA artha vAnaprastha kiyA hai| taitti0 Ara0 meM bhI yaha zabda jisa vAkyameM AyA hai vaha bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai / vAkya isa prakAra hai- 'vAta razanA ha vA RSaya zramaNA, Urdhvamanthino babhuvuH / (2-7) / vAtarazana ( nagna ) RSi zramaNa the| sAyaNane 'udhva

Page #115
6. jai0 sA0 i0-pUrvapIThikA mAnthenaH' kA artha Urdhva retA kiyA hai / ataH zramaNa nagna aura pavitra hote the yaha isa vAkyakA artha hai| Rgveda (10-136-2 ) meM bhI muniyoM ke vizeSaNa rUpase 'vAtarazanAH' zabda AyA hai| yahAM muniyoMko nagna yA pIle aura maile vastradhArI batalAyA hai| yadyapi taitti0 Ara0 ke anusAra 'vAtarazana' zabdakA artha nagna hotA hai kintu sAyaNa ne isakA artha 'vAtarazanasya putrAH' kiyA hai / yathA___'vAtarazanA vAtarazanasya putrA munayo'tIndriyArthadarzino tivAtatiprabhRtayaH pizaMgAH pizaMgAniH kapilavarNAni malA malinAni valkala rUpANi vAsAMsi basate AcchAdayanti / " ... kintu sAyaNake isa arthako kisI bhI prAcyavidyAvizAradane mAnya nahIM kiyA hai sabane isakA artha nagna hI liyA hai / vikrama kI nauvIM zatIke jainAcArya jinasenane apane mahApurANameM prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadevako vAtarazana batala kara usakA artha nagna hI kiyA hai / yathA 'digvAsA vAtarazano nigranthezo nirmbrH'| Uparake uddharaNoMse spaSTa hai ki vRhadA0 upa, aura taitti0 bAra0 ke samayameM zramaNa vartamAna the ; aura ve nagna tathA urdharetA hote the / yadyapi tai0 A0 meM vAtarazanAH zabdakA prayoga isa rUpameM kiyA gayA hai ki vaha vyakti vAcaka saMjJA sA pratIta hotA hai kintu 'vAta hai razana-veSThana jinakA' yaha vyutpatti hI isa zabdakA AdhAra jAna par3atI hai| ataH ye nagna muni RgvedakAla meM bhI maujUda the| ... 1-vai0 I0 meM vAtarazana zabda,

Page #116
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 61 - atharvaveda (2-5-3) meM eka kathA indrake dvArA yatiyoMkA badha kiye jAnekI AI hai| yaha kathA etare0 brA0 (7-28) aura paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ( 53-4-7, 8-1-4 ) meM bhI AI hai| sAyaNa ne usake bhASyameM una yatiyoMke bAremeM likhA hai yatina-yatayo nAma niyamazIlA zrAsuryA prajAH.......yadvAtra yatizabdena vedAntArthavicArazUnyAH parivrAjakA vivakSitAH / (arthava0) 'yati mAne brata niyamakA pAlana karanevAle asura loga / athavA yahAM yati zabdase vedAntake vicArase zUnya paribrAjaka lenA caahiye| paJca0 brA0 kI vyAkhyAmeM sAyaNane eka sthAna para yatikA artha 'yajana virodhIjanAH' kiyA hai aura dUsarI jagaha 'veda viruddha niyamopetAH' kiyA hai| arthAt jina yatiyoMko indrane mArA, ve sava yajJa yAgAdike virodhI aura vedaviruddha brata-niyamAdikA pAlana karane vAle the| ___Rgvedake vAtarazana' muni, jinheM tainA meM zramaNa batalAyA hai, aura indrake dvArA mAre gaye yati eka hI pratIta hote haiN| aura isaliye vedaviruddha niyamAdikA pAlane karane vAle tathA yajJavirodhI nagna zramaNoMkI paramparA kA astitva Rgveda kAla taka jAtA hai| isake sivA 'Azrama' zabdakI vyutpattike sambandhameM pro0 1-zrI madbhAgavatake paJcama skandhameM RSabhadevakA varNana karate hue bhI zramaNoMko 'vAtarazana' kahA hai| yathA-'vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAm / ' 2-hi0 brA0 ese0, pR0 16 /

Page #117
62 viTara nITsa ne jo prakAza DAlA hai vaha bhI isa para vizeSa prakAza DAlatA hai / vaha' kahate haiM enter jai0 0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA 'jisa 'zrama' dhAtu se 'zramaNa' zabda banA hai usIse 'Azrama' zabda bhI niSpanna huA hai / ataH prArambha meM 'Azrama' zabda zAyada zramaNoM ke dhArmika kRtya kA sUcaka thA / usIke kAraNa yaha zabda dhArmika kRtyake sthAnakA bhI sUcaka huA / ' ataH 'Azrama' zabdakA sambandha bhI mUlataH zramaNoMse hI jAna par3atA hai / aura isase zramaNa paramparA eka prabhAvazAlI prAcIna paramparA pramANita hotI hai / bha0 mahAvIrakA sampradAya nigrantha sampradAya kahA jAtA thA kyoMki unake anuyAyI sAdhu bAhya aura antaraMga grantha ( parigraha ) se rahita hote the / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki nirgrantha paramparA sAdhu paramparA thI aura nirgrantha dharma sAdhuoM kA dharma thA / ataH mahAvIrake anuyAyI sAdhu jo parivrAjaka, saMnyAsI, tapasvI Adi na kahalAkara zramaNa hI kahalAye, isameM avazya hI kucha viziSTa kAraNa honA cAhiyeaura vaha viziSTa kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki zramaNa paramparA apanA kucha vaiziSTya rakhatI thI- jo vaiziSTya kevala tatkAlIna nahIM thA, kintu paramparAgata thA; kyoMki brAhmaNa granthoMmeM jo zramaNoM aura tApasoMkA prathama bAra ullekha milatA hai| usase yahI niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki brAhmaNa kAla meM tApasoM aura zramaNoMkI saMsthA prakAzameM AI, yA brAhmaNaloga inake paricayameM Aye, na ki tApasa aura zramaNa sampradAyakA janma huA / prAyaH sabhI videzI lekhakoMne vaidika sAhitya meM pIchese praviSTa 1- hi0 brA0 ese0, pR0 14 /

Page #118
63 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa hue saMnyAsamArgako nirAzAvAda kahA hai| kinhIMkA kahanA hai ki punarjanmake siddhAntane nirAzAvAdako janma diyA (kai.hi0pR0144| aura kinhIMkA kahanA hai ki jaba Aryaloga gaMgAkI ghATImeM Akara base to pUrabakI garmI unase na sahI gaI phalataH isa nirAzAvAdI saMnyAsAzramakA janma huaa| jo punarjanmake siddhAntako tathokta nirAzAvAdakA janaka mAnate haiM vahI yaha bhI likhate haiM ki-'isa siddhAntakI asAdhAraNa saphalatA batalAtI hai ki yaha siddhAnta bhAratIya janatAkI AtmA ke sAtha ekalaya thA aura usakA jo saMbhAvya pariNAma ho sakatA thA vahI huA, brAhmaNa kAlake anta taka Arya prabhAva murajhA gayA aura buddhivAdI vargoMkA yathArtha bhAratIya caritra nizcita rUpase sAkAra ho gayA ( kai* hi0, ji0 1, pR0 144) / ___ ukta zabdoMse hI spaSTa hai ki punarjanmakA siddhAnta bhAratIyoMke lie koI nayA nahIM thA-vaha to unakI AtmAke sAtha sambaddha thA, usake prakAzameM Ate hI AryaprabhAva jAtA rahA aura bhAratIya AtmAkA yathArtha rUpa camaka utthaa| ataH jise videzI vidvAna bhAratIya AtmAke yathArtha rUpako na pahacAna sakane ke kAraNa nirAzAvAda kahate haiM, vAstavameM vaha nirAzAvAda hI bhAratakI saccI AtmA rahA hai| jinakA kahanA hai ki gaMgAghATIkI asahya garmI ne isa tathokta nirAzAvAdako janma diyA, ve unameMse haiM jo samasta bhAratIya AcAra-vicAroMkA mUla vaidika sAhityako hI mAnate haiN| kintu vAstavika bAta aisI nahIM hai| yaha hama likha Aye haiN| dUsare, vaidika kAla meM hI hama muniyoMse milate haiM, jo brAhmaNoM se bhinna the| tathA nagna rahate the| vai. iM0 (munizabda ) meM ThIka

Page #119
jai0 sA0-i. pUrva pIThikA hI likhA hai ki vaidika granthoMmeM muniyoMkA vizeSa nirdeza na honese yaha pariNAma nikAlanA ki vaidika kAlameM muni virala the, ThIka nahIM hai, kintu sambhavatayA brAhmaNa unheM nahIM mAnate the kyoMki donoMke Adarza bhinna the| yaha bhI nahIM socanA cAhie ki prAcIna aura arvAcIna munimeM maulika bheda thaa| kintu itanA avazya hai prAcIna muni utanA santa nahIM thaa| inhIM muniyoMmeM aise bha mani the jinheM vaidika kriyAkANDameM AsthA nahIM thii| ye muni kyA karate the, yaha to spaSTa nahIM hotA, kintu avazya hI ve sAMsArika jIvanake prati udAsIna theunakA nagna rahanA hI isa bAtakA sUcaka hai| ye muni hI zramaNa paramparAke pUrvaja ho sakate haiN| ataH tathokta nirAzAvAdI dharma gaMgAghATIkI garmIkI upaja nahIM hai, kintu bhAratakI AtmAmeM anusyUta punarjanmake siddhAntakI taraha hI paramparAgata hai| ataH brAhmaNoM kI taraha zramaNoMkI paramparA bhI prAcIna pratIta hotI hai| isI zramaNa paramparAke Adyapravartakake rUpameM RSabhadevakI mAnyatA hai| DA Ara0jI0 bhaNDArakarane likhA hai-'prAcIna kAlase hI bhAratIya samAjameM aise vyakti maujUda the, jo zramaNa kahe jAte the| ye dhyAnameM magna rahate the aura kabhI-kabhI muktikA upadeza dete the, jo pracalita dharmake anurUpa nahIM hotA thaa| ( ka0 va0 bhAM. ji0 1 pR0 10) / * vaidika sAhityake anuzIlanake pazcAt aba hama dUsare sAdhana prAcIna avazeSoMkI ora Ate haiN|

Page #120
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 65 prAga aitihAsika kAlona avazeSa bhAratavarSakA itihAsa bhAratameM AryoMke Agamanase prArambha hotA AyA hai| aura bhAratakI sabhyatA, dharma aura jJAna-vijJAnakI unnatikA zreya bhI AryoMko hI diyA jAtA rahA hai| AryoMke Agamanase pUrva bhAratameM jo jAtiyA~ basatI thIM ve jaMgalI thI, yahI hama bacapanase par3hate Aye haiN| kintu isa citrakA dUsarA pahalu bhI hai, jisakI ora kucha vidvAna anveSakoMkA dhyAna AkRSTa huA thA aura jisakA ullekha DA. kIthane apanI pustaka 'dI rilIjana eNDa philAsophI Apha veda eNDa upaniSadAz2a' meM kiyA hai| vaha likhate haiM (pR06-10) eka dUsarI kalpanA abhI hI kI gaI hai ki Rgveda meM jisa dharmakA ullekha hai vaha AryoMkA nahIM hai, kintu bhAratake AdivAsiyoMkA, anumAnataH dravir3oMkA hai, jo spaSTa rUpase bhAratake prAcIna nivAsiyoMmeM sabase pramukha haiN'| itanA likhakara DA0kItha punaH likhate haiM-"isa mAnyatAke sAtha mi. hallake isa dRSTikoNako bhI sambaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'sumeriyana loga mUlataH dravir3a the| unhoMne sindhukI ghATImeM apanI sabhyatAko vikasita kiyA aura taba ardha bhramaNazIla semiTa logoMko usase paricita karAyA- unheM likhanekI kalA, nagara-nivAsa aura pASANake makAna banAnA sikhlaayaa| jina AryoMne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA unheM bhI dravir3oMne susabhya banAyA / ' kintu mivhallake isa dRSTikoNake sambandhameM prANalevA kaThinAI yaha hai ki eka bhI pramANa aisA upalabdha nahIM hai, jisake dvArA ise kabhI bhI satya banAyA jA ske| yadi sumeriyana mUlataH dravir3a the aura sindhughATImeM ucca sabhyatAke svAmI the to yaha bAta ullekhanIya hai ki bhAratameM isa uccasabhyatAkA koI cinha

Page #121
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA nahIM miltaa| kyoMki jahAM taka hama jAnate haiM bhAratane semiTa logoMse IsvI pUrva pAThasause pahale lekhanakalA nahIM sIkhI thii| aura RgvedakAlake bahuta bAdameM usane pASANake makAna banAnA aura nagaroM meM rahanA prArambha kiyA thaa| sumeriyana logoMke dvArA sindhu ghATImeM jina pattharake makAnoMke banAnekA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, unakA cinha bhI nahIM miltaa| aura RgvedakA jo sabase arvAcInakAla mAnA jAtA hai usase bhI bahuta sI zatAbdiyAM bItane para hameM dravir3a sabhyatAke aitihAsika tathyake rUpameM darzana hote haiN| ataH RgvedakI sabhyatAko dravir3oMkI mAnanA kevala kalpanA mAtra hai|" Rgvaidika sabhyatAmeM dravir3oMke prabhAvako korI kalpanA kahakara ur3A denevAloMmeM DA. kItha jaise aneka vidvAna the; kyoMki usa samaya taka, jaisA DA. kIthane likhA hai, bhAratameM Aryogake Agamanase pUrvakI kisI ucca dravir3a sabhyatAke vistArakA koI cinha lakSita nahIM huA thA aura sarvatra Aryo kA jAdU chAyA huA thaa| kintu yaha jAdU bIsavIM zatIkI naI khojoMke phala svarUpa 'chU mantara' ho gyaa| aba yaha bAta mAna lI gaI hai ki AryoM ke bhArata pravezake samayase bahuta sI zatAbdiyAM pUrva sindhu ghATImeM eka Azcaryajanaka AryapUrva sebhyatA vartamAna thI aura vaha prasiddha vaidikakAlIna sabhyatAse uccatara thii| paMjAbake mANTugumarI jilemeM rAvIke taTapara sthita 'harappA' nAmaka sthAnase samaya-samayapara pRthvIse nikalane vAlI sIloMne, jinapara aparicita lipi aMkita thI, vidvAnoMke sammukha eka samasyA khar3I kara dI thI, jisake kAraNa ina sIloMko lekara eka ora aneka kalpanAe~ uThatI thI

Page #122
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa to dUsarI ora aneka sandaha utpanna hote the| kintu antameM prAcInakAlake bhUle hue Azcaryake dvAra khola DAle gye| - sindhu ghATI sabhyatA 1921 meM sva. DA0 banarjI sindhaprAntake larakAnA jile meM sindhuke taTa para sthita moheJjodar3omeM bauddha avazeSoMkI khojameM vyasta the / vahA~se kucha usI tarahakI sIleM prApta huIM jaisI harappAse prApta huI thiiN| isa khojake mahattvako jAnakara bauddha vihArase pUrabakI ora khudAI kI gaI aura vahA~se aise mahattvake avazeSa prApta hue jo bauddha avazeSoM se do yA tIna hajAra varSa pUrvake the| ina khojoMke phalasvarUpa yaha sthira huA ki moheJjodaDo aura harappAmeM AryapUrva kAlIna nagara vidyamAna the aura vahAM se prApta avazeSa eka hI AryapUrvakAlIna sabhyatAse sambaddha haiN| jisakA kAla IsAse cAra hajAra varSa pUrva hai / tathA bhAratameM AryoMkA praveza IsvI pUrva do hajAra varSa taka nahIM huaa| aura unako sabhyatAkA sindhughATImeM phailI huI sabhyatAse koI sambandha nahIM thA, jo spaSTa rUpase dravir3oMkI athavA Adidravir3oMkI sabhyatA thI, jinake uttarAdhikArI dakSiNa bhAratameM nivAsa karate haiN| (prIhi * I, bhU0 pR. 8) / sindhughATIke ye prAcIna nivAsI kRSaka aura vyApArI the| aura unakI ucca sAmAjika vyavasthA unake dvArA suniyojita aura acchI rItise nirmita nagaroMse lakSita hotI hai| moheJjodaDomeM pAsa-pAsa cAroM ora mArga bane hue the- imArateM pakkI IToMse banAI jAtI thiiN| makAnoMmeM dvAra, khir3akiyAM, pakke pharza aura nAliyA~ hotI thiiN| tathA snAnAgara, Adi anya suvidhAeM bhI rahatI thIM / aneka prakArake bartana banAye jAte the| tAmbA, TIna

Page #123
18 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA aura sIsekA upayoga hotA thaa| sone-cAMdI aura hAthI dAMta Adike jevara banate the| pattharakA upayoga itanI svataMtratAse kiyA jAtA thA ki prAcIna vAstuzAstravettA sindhughATIke prAcIna nivAsiyoMko patthara aura dhAtukAlake bIcake parivartanakAlakA mAnate haiN| gharelu jAnavaroMmeM hAthI, UMTa, bher3a, suara, kuttA, bhaisA, aura kakuda (pITha para uThA huA bhAgavAle mavezI) the| jauM, gehUM aura kapAsakI khetI hotI thii| kAtanA aura bunanA unnata dazA meM thaa| ___isa prakAra dravir3a logoMkI apanI eka pRthak sabhyatA thii| ve zavoMko pASANakI banI kabroMmeM rakha dete the| zavoM athavA unakI asthiyoMse yukta miTTIke pAtra mesopoTAmiyA, bevIloniyA, parasiyA, balucistAna, sindha aura dakSiNa bhAratameM mile haiN| jaba una dravir3oMkA samparka vaidika Aryose huA, jo apane murdoko jalAte the, to dravir3oMne bhI apane murdoko jalAnA zuru kara diyA, kintu miTTIke pAtrameM kucha asthiyoMko rakhakara bhUmimeM gAr3hanekI apanI prAcIna prathAko jArI rkhaa| ____ kyA dravir3a loga murdoko isa liye pRthvImeM gAr3ha dete the ki lauTane para AtmAko punaH vahIM zarIra mila sake ? kyA yahI punarjanmakA siddhAnta hai ? ___ kintu mohejjadar3oM yA harappAse eka bhI aisI vastu prApta nahIM huI, jise spaSTa rUpase dhArmika mahattva diyA jA ske| vahA~ aisI koI imArata nahIM milI jise spaSTa rUpase mandira kahA jA ske| Aja taka isa sambandhameM jo kucha vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha kevala anumAna aura kalpanAke AdhArapara hI kiyA gayA hai|

Page #124
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa .. miTTIkI banI AkRtiyoM aura mUrtiyoMse yaha patA calatA hai ki durgA aura zivaliMgako pUjanekI prathA dravir3oMmeM pracalita thii| aura isa taraha zivapUjA bahuta prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| ___ yoga sampradAya vedoMse bhI prAcIna hai| moheMjodar3o nivAsI yogakI praNAliyoMse bhI paricita the / yogazAstroMke anusAra yogake lie tIna vastue~ Avazyaka haiM-Asana, mastaka grIvA aura dhar3akA sIdhA rahanA tathA ardha niSmIlita netra jo nAsikA ke| agrabhAga para sthira hoN| zrI rAmaprasAda candAke anusAra moheMjodar3oMse prApta pattharakI mUrti jise mi0 maike pujArIkI mUrti batalAte haiM, vaha yogI kI mUrti hai| sindhu ghATIke vAsI manuSyoMkA dharma kyA thA ? isa viSayameM vicAra karate hue zrI rAmaprasAda candAne likhA thA-"sindhavAsI manuSyoMke dharmake viSayameM sUcanA prApta karanekA pramukha upAya moheMjo-dar3oM aura harappAse prApta moharoM ( seals ) kA vRhat saMgraha hai| una moharoM para aMkita gUDhAkSaroMko abhI taka spaSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai aura isIse unakA bhASAntara bhI nahIM ho sakA hai| isase hameM kevala unake akAra-prakAra para hI nirbhara rahanA par3atA hai| una moharoMpara pazuoMke citra aMkita haiN| kintu isa parase yaha anumAna karanA ki sindhu ghATIke manuSyoMkA dharma pazupUjA thA, yA unake devatA pazurUpa the, bar3A galata hogaa| jaisA ki bharahuta aura sA~cIke stUpoMkA nirmANa karAnevAle bauddha sAdhuoMkA dharma vRkSoM aura sokI pUjA anumAna kara lenA galata hai| bharahuta aura sA~cIke stUpoMkA nirmANa karAnevAloMke dharmakI rIr3ha una buddhoM athavA mAnavoMkI pUjA thI, jinhoMne dhyAna, samAdhi athavA yogake dvArA pUrNa jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| isameM to koI nizcita pramANa nahIM hai ki sindhu ghATIkA dharma bhI itanA hI

Page #125
100 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA abhyunnata thaa| kintu yaha batalAneke liye paryApta pramANa hai ki usane bhI ThIka usI mArga para calanA prArambha kiyA thaa|' itanA spaSTa karake zrI candA Age likhate haiM-'vaidika vidhi vidhAnako chor3akara yoga zeSa samasta aitihAsika bhAratIya dharmoMkA mUla hai| samasta bhAratIya sampradAya mAnate haiM ki yogakI sAdhanA ke lie Asana sarvathA Avazyaka hai| zvetAzvara upaniSad (2-8) ke anusAra chAtI, sira aura gardanako eka sIdhameM rakhanA yogakA mUla hai| bhagavadgItAmeM ( 6-13 ) isameM itanA aura jor3A gayA hai ki dRSTiko idhara udhara na ghumAkara nAkake agrabhAga para rakhanA caahiye| pAlI aura saskRtake bauddha granthoMmeM likhA hai ki buddha svayaM dhyAna karate the aura dUsaroMko bhI paryaGkAsanase dhyAna karanekA upadeza dete the| kAlidAsane kumArasambhavameM (:, 45-47 ) zivake paryaGkAsanase baiThane AdikA varNana kiyA hai| pataJjaline yogadarzana ( 2-46 ) meM likhA hai ki zarIrakI sthiti sIdhI aura sarala honI cAhiye / 'digambara jaina grantha Adi purANa (parva 21) meM dhyAnakA varNana karate hue dRSTike viSayameM likhA hai ki AMkheM na to eka dama khulI huI hoM aura na eka dama banda hoN| ...... tathA likhA hai ki kAyotsarga aura paryaGka ye do sukhAsana haiM, inake sivAya zeSa saba viSama Asana haiN| paryaGkAsanakI jaina paribhASA to bauddhoM aura brAhmaNoMse milatI huI hai kintu kAyotsarga Asana jaina hai| A0 pu0 ke 18veM parvameM prathama tIthaGkara RSabhadevake dhyAnakA varNana isa dRSTise ullekhanIya hai|' bhAratIya dharmoM meM yogakI sthitikA nirdezakarake Age punaH zrIcandA punaH likhate haiM-'mohe-jo-dar3ose prApta lAla pASANakI mUrti, jise pujArIkI mUrti samajha liyA gayA hai, mujhe eka yogIkI mUrti pratIta hotI hai| aura vaha mujhe isa

Page #126
101 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa niSkarSa para pahu~cane ke liye prerita karatI hai ki sindhughATImeM usa samaya yogAbhyAsa hotA thA aura yogIkI mudrAmeM mUrtiyAM pujI jAto thii| moheM jo-dar3o aura harappAse prApta mohareM jinapara manuSyarUpameM devoMkI AkRti aMkita hai, mere isa niSkarSako pramANita karatI haiN| 'sindhughATIse prApta moharoM para baiThI avasthAmeM aMkita devasAoMkI mUrtiyAM ho yogakI mudrAmeM nahIM haiM kintu khar3I avasthAmeM aMkita mUrtiyA~ bhI yogakI kAyotsarga mudrAko batalAtI haiM, jisakA nirdeza Upara kiyA gayA hai| mathurA myujiyamameM dUsarI zatIkI, kAryotsagameM sthita eka vRSabhadeva jinakI mUrti hai| isa mUrtikI zailIse sindhuse prApta moharoM para aMkita khar3I huI devamUrtiyoMkI zailI bilkula milatI hai / ... ...mizra dezameM prAcIna vaMzoMke samayakI mUrti nirmANakalAmeM bhI donoM ora hAtha laTakAkara khar3I huI choTI mUrtiyA~ milatI hai| yadyapi ye mUrtiyAM bhI usI zailIkI haiM kintu sindhu-moharoM para aMkita khar3I AkRtiyoMmeM aura kAyotsargameM sthita jinakI mUrtiyoMmeM jo vizeSatAeM haiM, unakA una mUrtiyoMmeM prabhAva hai|" RSabha yA vRSabhakA artha hotA hai baila, aura RSabha deva tIrthakarakA cinha baila hai| mohara naM. 3 se 5 takake Upara aMkita deva mUrtiyoMke sAtha baila bhI aMkita hai jo RSabhakA pUrvarUpa ho sakatA hai / zaivadharma aura jainadharma jaise dArzanika dharmoke prArambhako pIche Thela kara tAmrayugIna kAla meM le jAnA kinhIMko avazya hI eka sAhasa pUrNa kalpanA pratIta hogaa| kintu jaba eka vyakti aitihAsika aura prAga aitihAsika sindhughATI sabhyatAke bIcameM eka agamya jhAr3I jhaMkhAr3a honekI usase bhI sAhasapUrNa kalpanA karaneke liye taiyAra hai to yaha anumAna ki sindhu moharoM para

Page #127
102 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA aMkita baiThI huI aura khar3I huI deva mUrtiyoMkI zailImeM ghaniSTa sAdRzya usa sudUra kAlameM yogake prasArako sUcita karatA hai, eka kAmacalAU kalpanAke rUpameM mAnaleneke yogya hai| aura AdhyAtmika vicAra saraNI para pahuMce binA yogAbhyAsa karanA saMbhava nahIM hai|" ( mArDana rivyu jUna 1932 meM zrI candA ke lekha se ) DA0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne apanI 'hindU sabhyatA' nAmaka pustakameM zrI candAke ukta matako mAnyatA dete hue likhA hai'unhoMne ( zrI candAne ) 6 anya muharoM para khar3I huI mUrtiyoMkI ora bhI dhyAna dilAyA hai| phalaka 12 aura 118 AkRti 7 ( mArzalakRti moheMjodar3o) kAyotsarga nAmaka yogAsanameM khar3e hue devatAoMko sUcita karatI haiN| yaha mudrA jaina yogiyoMkI tapazcaryA meM vizeSa rUpase milatI hai, jaise mathurA saMgrahAlayameM sthApita tIrthaGkara zrI RSabha devatAkI mUrtiseM / RSabhakA artha hai baila, jo AdinAthakA lakSaNa hai| muhara saMkhyA F. G. H. phalaka do para aMkita devamUrtimeM eka baila hI banA hai; saMbhava hai yaha RSabhakA hI pUrvarUpa ho / yadi aisA ho to zaiva dharmakI taraha jainadharbhakA mUla bhI tAmrayugIna sindhusabhyatA taka calA jAtA hai| isase sindhu sabhyatA evaM aitihAsika bhAratIya sabhyatAke bIcakI khoI huI kar3IkA bhI eka ubhaya-sAdhAraNa sAMskRtika paramparAke rUpameM kucha uddhAra ho jAtA hai|' (hi0 sa0 23-24) yaha pahale likha Aye haiM ki sindhu ghATIkI sabhyatA vaidika sabhyatAse bhinna thI / vaise hI jaise zramaNa paramparA brAhmaNa paramparAse bhinna hai| brAhmaNa paramparA mUlataH brAhmaNoMkI paramparA hai aura zramaNa paramparA zramaNoMkI yogiyoMkI paramparA hai; kyoMki jaina aura bauddha sAdhu zramaNa kahe jAte the aura ve eka

Page #128
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 103 taraha ke yogI hote the / brAhmaNa paramparAmeM to yogakA praveza bahuta bAda meM huA hai / donoM sabhyatAoM meM bheda hote hue bhI RgvaidikakAlIna Arya sindhu sabhyatA se paricita the aisA mata DA0 rA0 mukarjIkA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki 'RgvedakI sAmagrI ke samyak paryAlocanase yaha jJAta hogA ki usameM jo anArya logoMke aura unakI sabhyatA ke uddharaNa haiM, ve sindhuke nivAsI janoMpara lAgU ho sakate haiM ........ anAryoM athavA bhAratIya Adima nivAsiyoMke bAremeM Rgveda meM bhI bahuta sI sAmagrI hai / AryetaroMko usameM dAsa, dasyu yA asura kahA gayA hai / .. ..isameM anAryasabhyatAoMkI kucha sArthaka vizeSatAoM kA ullekha hai jo sindhu sabhyatAkI sUcaka aura usake sadRza haiN| udAharaNa ke lie Aryetara logoMko aparicita bhASA bolanevAlA (mRddhavAk ), vaidika karmoMse rahita ( akarman ) vaidika devoMke na mAnanevAlA ( adevayu), zraddhA aura dhArmika vizvAsa se rahita ( brahman ), yajJoMse zUnya ( ayajvan ), evaM vratoMse rahita ( vrata ) kahA gayA hai ve kevala apane niyamokA pAlana karanevAle ( apavrata ) the ina nakArAtmaka saMketoM ke atirikta eka nizcayAtmaka sUcanA anAryoke viSaya meM yaha bhI dI gaI hai ki ve liMgapUjaka the ( ziznadevAH, R0 710115; t 10 ||3| ) | ( hi0 sa0 pR0 32 : 3 ) / Rgveda ke ukta niSedhAtmaka vizeSaNa jo anAryo ke lie prayukta hue haiM - ve saba yahI Learn haiM ki loga vaidika sabhyatA ke anuyAyI nahIM the / zizna devA: Rgvedake do sUktoM meM 'ziznadevA:' zabda AyA hai| isameM se prathamameM ( 7-21-5 ) indradeva se prArthanA kI gaI hai ki ziznadeva

Page #129
104 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hamAre yajJameM vighna na ddaaleN| dUsaremeM ( 10-69-3) indrake sambandhameM kahA gayA hai ki usane ziznadevoMko cAlAkIse mArakara zatadvAroM vAle durgakI nidhi para kabjA kara liyaa| isase spaSTa hai ki ziznadeva vaidika nahIM the| / prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoMne 'ziznadevAH' kA artha zinako devatA mAnanevAle arthAt liMgapUjaka kiyA hai| kintu isakA eka dUsarA artha bhI hotA hai-ziznayuta devatAko mAnanevAle, arthAt jo naMge devatAoMko pUjate haiM / sindhughATose prApta mUrtiyoMke prakAzameM yahI artha ThIka pramANita hotA hai| mohejodaDoMse prApta yogIkI mUrti to nagna hai hI, kintu jise zivakI mUrti mAnA jAtA hai usameM bhI liMga aMkita hai| isa mUrti meM tIna devatAoMko ekatrita karanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / isase yaha anumAna kiyA gayA hai ki mohejodar3oMke nivAsiyoMmeM liMga sahita zivajIko pUjanekI prathA' thii| ___ ukta zivamUrtike sambandhameM zrIsatIzacanda kAlAne likhA hai'sarajAna mArzalako isa mudrAmeM zivameM liMga nahIM dIkha pdd'aa| kintu dhyAnase dekhanese patA calatA hai ki prAkRtike sAtha urdhvaliMga bhI hai| saMskRta sAhityakI aneka pustakoMmeM likhA hai ki zivamUrtiyoMmeM UrdhvaliMgakA honA Avazyaka hai| UrdhvaliMga sahita zivajIkI aneka mUrtiyAM bhAratake pUrvIbhAga vihAra, ur3IsA, tathA baMgAlameM milatI haiN| liMga sahita ziva jIko pUjane kI prathA zAyada moheMjodar3o nivAsiyoMko jJAta thI' (mo0 tathA si0, pR0 111 ) / ___ mohejodar3ose prApta sIla naM0 3 se 5 takameM kAyotsargameM aMkita AkRtiyAM bhI, jinheM zrI candA RSabhakA pUrvarUpa 1 iNDiyana kalcara, apraila 1636, pR0 767 /

Page #130
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 105 . kahate haiM aura jinakA 'poja' mathurA myUjiyamameM sthita RSabhadeva kI mUrtise, jo dUsarI zatI kI hai, milatA hai, nagna haiN| puruSa prAkRtikI mUrtiyAM prAyaH nagna haiM aura AjAnubAhu haiM, jo kAyotsarga mudrA kA eka rUpa hai| bhArata sarakAra ke purAtatva vibhAgake saMyukta nirdezaka zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandranne har3appAse prApta do mUrtiyoMke sambandha meM likhA hai-'har3appAkI uparokta do mUrtikAoMne to prAcIna bhAratIya kalA sambandhI Adhunika mAnyatAoMmeM bar3I krAnti lA dI hai| ye donoM mUrtikAeM jo UMcAI meM 4 iMcase bhI kama haiM, sira hAtha pAda vihIna puruSAkAra kavandha haiN| ... ye donoM mUrtikAeM 2400 se 2000 IsA pUrva kI AMkI gaI haiM / inameMse eka mUrti capala nartakakA pratIka hai| nartanakArI pratimAke zira, bAhu aura jananendriya pRthaka banAkara kabandha meM banAye hue randhroM meM jor3e hue the| ........ dUsarI pratimA akRtrima yathAjAta nagna mudrAvAle eka sudRr3ha kAya yuvA kI mUrti hai| jisake snAyu puDhe bar3I dekha-rekha viveka aura dakSatA ke sAtha, jo mohejodar3o kI utkIrNa moharoMkI eka smaraNIya vizeSatA hai, nirmANa hue haiM / nartanakArI pratimA itanI sajIva aura navIna hai ki yaha mohejodar3o kAlIna mUrtikAoMke nirjIva vidhi vidhAnoMse nitAnta achUtI hai / yaha bhI nagna mudrAdhArI mAlUma hotI hai| isase isa sujhAva ko samarthana milatA hai ki yaha uttara kAlIna naTarAja arthAt nAcate zivakA prAcIna pratirUpa hai| ..........( prathama nagnamUrti ) haDappAkI mUrtikAke uparokta guNaviziSTa mudrAmeM hone ke kAraNa yadi hama use jaina tIrthaGkara athavA khyAtiprApta tapo 1 anekAnta, varSa 14, kiraNa 6, pR0 157 /

Page #131
106 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA mahimA yukta jaina santakI pratimA kaheM to isameM kucha bhI asatya na hogA / yadyapi isake nirmANakAla 2400-2000 IsA pUrvake prati kucha purAtattvajJoM dvArA sandeha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai parantu isakI sthApatya zailImeM koI bhI aisI bAta nahIM hai jo ise moheJjodar3okI mRNmaya mUrtikAoM evaM vahA~kI utkIrNa moharoM para aMkita vimboMse pRthak kara ske|' isa prakAra mohejodar3oMkI taraha har3appAse prApta mUrtiyA~ bhI nagna haiM jinameMse eka zivakI mUrti mAnI gaI hai aura dUsarIko zrI rAmacandrana jaise purAtattvavid RSabha tIrthaGkarakI mUti mAnate haiN| unhoMne bhI apane isa lekhameM 'ziznadevAH' kA artha naMge devatA kiyA hai| unhone likhA hai-'jaba hama Rgvedake kAla kI ora dekhate haiM to hameM patA lagatA hai ki Rgveda do sUktoMmeM 'zizna' zabda dvArA nagna devatAoMkI ora saMketa karatA hai| ina sUktoM meM zizna devoM se arthAt nagnadevose yajJoMkI surakSAke liye indrakA AhvAna kiyA gayA hai|' __isa taraha sindhu sabhyatAse prApta nagna mUrtiyoMke prakAzameM Rgbedake ziznadevAHkA artha ziznayuta deva arthAt naMge deva karanA hI ucita jAna par3atA hai| jo unake upAsaka the ve bhI usase lie jA sakate haiN| yaha artha liMga pUjakoMmeM aura liMgayuta nagna devoMke pUjakoMmeM samAnarUpase ghaTita ho jAtA hai| / yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki apane cinha liMga pUjAko lie hue ziva nizcaya hI ana-Arya devatA hai| bAda meM Aryo ke dvArA use apane devatAoMmeM sammilita kara liyA gyaa| kintu liMga pUjAkA pracalana AryoM meM bahuta kAlake bAda huA hai kyoMki pataJjaline apane bhASyameM pUjAke liye zivakI

Page #132
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 107 pratikRtikA nirdeza kiyA hai, zivaliMgakA nhiiN| tathA rAntsAMga ke yAtrAvivaraNameM mahAdevakI mUrtikA to varNana milatA hai, kintu liMga pUjAkA varNana nahIM milatA / DA0bhaNDArakarane likhA hai ki Wema-kadppises ke samayameM bhI liMga pUjA ajJAta thI aisA lagatA hai, kyoMki usake sikkeke dUsarI ora zivakI mAnava-mati aMkita hai jisake hAthameM trizUla hai tathA bailakA cinha banA hai| (zai-vai0, pR0 164) / RSabha aura ziva mohejodar3ose prApta nagna yogIkI mUrtiko zrIrAmaprasAda candAne saMbhAvanA rUpameM RSabhadevakI mUrti batalAyA thA aura idhara har3appAse prApta nagna kabandhako zrIrAmacandranne RSabhadevakI mUrti batalAyA hai| donoM sthAnoMse zivakI bhI pratikRtiyA~ milI haiN| aura usapara DA0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI jaise vidvAnne apanA yaha abhiprAya vyakta kiyA hai ki yadi ukta mUrtiyAM RSabhakA hI pUrvarUpa hai to zaivadharmakI taraha jaina dharmakA mUla bhI tAmrayugIna sindhu sabhyatA taka calA jAtA hai| isase sindhu sabhyatA evaM aitihAsika bhAratIya sabhyatAke vIcakI khoI huI kar3IkA bhI eka ubhaya sAdhAraNa sAMskRtika paramparAke rUpameM kucha uddhAra ho jAtA hai|' __ DA0 mukarjI ke 'ubhaya sAdhAraNa sAMskRtika paramparA' zabda bar3e mahattvake haiN| 'ubhaya' zabdase yadi hama jaina dharmake pravartaka RSabha aura zaiva dharmake AdhAra zivako leM to hameM una donoMke bIcameM eka sAdhAraNa sAMskRtika paramparAkA rUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai aura usaparase hameM yaha kalpanA hotI hai ki donoMkA mUla eka to nahIM hai ? athavA eka hI mUla puruSa do paramparAoMmeM do

Page #133
108 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA rUpa lekara to avatarita nahIM huA hai; kyoMki donoMke kucha rUpoMmeM hama AMzika samatA pAte haiN| idhara RSabha devakA cinha baila hai, jo mohejjodar3oMse prApta sIla naM0 se 5 taka para aGkita tathA kAryotsarga mudrAmeM sthita AkRtiyoMke sAtha bhI banA huA hai| udhara zivakA cinha bhI baila hai| idhara RSabha devakA nirvANa kailAsase mAnA jAtA hai udhara zivako kailAsavAsI mAnA jAtA hai| DA0 bhaNDArakara zivake sAtha umAke yogako uttarakAlIna batalAte haiN| umAkA nAma kena upaniSadmeM AyA hai aura use haimavatI- himavatkI putrI batalAyA hai, kintu ziva yA rudrakI patnI nahIM batalAyA hai| isa sambandhameM vizeSa prakAza DAlaneke liye hameM vedoMkI ora jAnA hogaa| kyoMki DA0 rAdhAkRSNan' jaise manISIne bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki vedoMmeM RSabha deva Adi jaina tIrthaGkaroMke nAma Aye haiN| Rgveda (2-33-15 ) meM rudrasUktameM eka RcA hai'eva vabhro vRSabha cekitAna yathA deva na hRNISe na hNsii|' he vRSabha ! aisI kRpA karo ki hama kabhI naSTa na hoN| aura bhI eka maMtra hai anavINaM vRSabhaM maMdra jihva vRhaspatiM vardhayA nvymH| . ___ Age calakara vaidika rudra devatAne zivakA rUpa le liyA aura ve pazupati' kahalAye, yaha bAta sarvavizruta hai| kintu tANDya aura zatapatha brAhmaNameM RSabhako pazupati kahA hai| yathA - 1. hi. iM0 phi, ji0 1, 2. cInI yAtrI huensAMgane (I0 7vIM zatIke madhyameM ) apane

Page #134
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 106 RSabho vA pazunAmadhipati (tAM0 brA0 14-2-5) RSabho vA pazUnAM prajApatiH ( zata0 brA05, 2-5-17) 'pazu' zabda kA artha zata0 brA0 ( 6-2-1-2) meM isa prakAra kiyA hai -(agniH ) etAn paJca pazUnapazyat / puruSamava gAmavimajam / yadapazyattasmAdete pshvH| arthAt agnine (prajApatine ) puruSa, azva, gau, bher3a, bakarI ina pA~ca pazuoMko dekhaa| (saMskRtameM 'dekhanA' arthavAlI dRza dhAtuke sthAnameM 'pazya' Adeza hotA hai) ataH kyoMki inako dekhA, isaliye ye pazu khlaaye| brAhmaNagranthoM meM pazu zabdake artha isa prakAra pAye jAte haiMzrIvai pshvH| ( tAM0 brA0, 53-2-2) pazavo yshH| (zata0 brA0 1, 8-1-38) zAntiH pazavaH / ( tAM0 4-5-18) pazavo vairAyaH / ( zata0 brA0 3, 3-1-8) AtmA vai pazuH ( kautsya brA0 12-7) arthAt zrI, yaza, zAntiH, dhana, AtmA Adi aneka arthoM meM pazu zabdakA vyavahAra vaidika sAhityameM huA hai| ataH pazupati zabdakA artha huA-prajA, zrI, yaza, dhana AtmA AdikA svAmI / aura RSabha pazupati haiN| yAtrA vivaraNameM pAzupatoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| vaha likhatA hai ki kucha sthAnoM meM mahezvara ke mandira haiM jahA~ pAzupata loga pUjA karate haiM / banArasameM usane dasa hajArake lagabhaga anuyAyI pAye jo mahezvarako pUjate the, apane zarIrapara bhabhUta ramAte the, naMge rahate the, apane vAloMko bA~dhe rahate the / ( vai0 zai0, pR0 167 ) /

Page #135
110 jai0 sA. i.-pUrva pIThikA isI taraha mahA bhArata anuzAsana parvameM mahAdevake nAmoMmeM zivake sAtha RSabha nAma bhI ginAyA hai| yathARSabhatvaM pavitrANAM yoginAM niSkalaH shivH| a014,zlo018 brAtya vaidika vAGa yAmakI eka kaThina pahelI 'vrAtya' bhI rahA hai| Rgvedake aneka mantroMmeM (1-163-8, 6-14-2 Adi ) vrAtya zabda AyA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki 'vrAtya' bahuta prAcIna haiN| yajurveda tathA taitti0 brA0 (3, 4.1-1 ) meM vrAtyakA nAma naramedha kI bali sUcI meM AyA hai| arthAt naramedhameM jina manuSyoMkA balidAna kiyA jAtA thA unameM brAtya bhI the| mahAbhAratameM (5-35-46) vrAtyoMko mahApAtakiyoMmeM ginAyA hai| kintu atharvavedameM vrAtyakA varNana bahuta hI prabhAvaka hai| atharvake 15veM kANDakA pahalA sUkta hai vrAtya AsIdIyamAna eva sa prajApati samaizyat / arthAta-'vrAtya ne apane paryaTanameM prajApatiko zikSA aura preraNA dI / eka vrAtyakA prajApatiko zikSA denA avazya hI eka zrAzvaryajanaka bAta hai| ataH sAyaNane isakI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai___'kaMcid vidvattamaM mahAdhikAraM puNyazIlaM vizvasammAnyaM karmaparai brAhmaNairvidviSTaM brAtyamanulakSya vacanamiti mantavyam / arthAt- yahA~ kisI vidvAnoMmeM uttama mahAdhikArI, puNyazIla vizvapUjya vrAtyako lakSya karake ukta kathana kiyA hai, jisase karmakANDI brAhmaNa vidveSa karate the|

Page #136
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa . atharvavedakA vaha vidvAnoMmeM uttama, mahAdhikArI, puNyazIla aura vizvapUjya brAtya kauna hai, yaha Aja bhI andhakArameM hai| jo vrAtya prajApatiko zikSA de sakatA hai vaha avazya hI ukta viSayoMkA adhikArI honeke yogya hai| kintu jisa vrAtyako vaidika sAhityameM saMskArahIna, aura patita taka batalAyA gayA hai usake sambandhameM atharvavedakA ukta kathana avazya hI apanI kucha vizeSatA rakhatA hai| isIliye bhASyakAra sAyaNako 'kaMcit' zabda kA prayoga karanA par3A hai kyoMki saba bAtya to isa yogya ho nahIM sakate the| ukta vizeSaNoMmeM kevala eka vizeSaNa hI aisA jo nAtyoMke sambandhameM vaidika dRSTikoNakA sUcaka hai| vaha hai-- 'karmaparai brahmiNairvidviSTa'- karmakANDI brAhmaNa jisase vidveSa karate haiN|' ___atharvavedake 15veM kANDake sambandhameM jarmanIke DA. hAvarane likhA hai| -'dhyAnapUrvaka vivecanake bAda mujhe spaSTatayA vidita ho gayA ki yaha prabandha prAcIna bhAratake brAhmaNetara Aryadharmako mAnanevAle vrAtyoMke usa vRhat vAGamayakA kImatI avazeSa hai jo prAyaH lupta ho cukA hai|" DA0 hAvarane vrAtyoMke sambandha meM likhA hai-'apanI pustaka 'dera vrAtya' meM maiMne batAyA hai ki 'vrAtya' zabda brAtase vyutpanna huA hai, jisakA artha hai vrata puNyakAryameM dIkSita manuSya yA manuSyoMkA samudAya / yaha brAhmaNoMke dIkSitakA ThIka pratibAcaka hai; brAhmaNoMke yahA~ brAhmaNako sarvottama dIkSita kahA gayA hai| isI kAraNa mata parivartanake bAda jaba vrAtyoMne brAhmaNa dharma svIkAra kiyA to ve loga brAdyaNa vargameM liye gye| brAtya loga asalameM / 1. bhA0 anu0, pR0 13 /

Page #137
112 jai0 sa0 i0-pUrva pIThikA usa vidharmI sampradAyake pUjya byakti the jisakA pradhAna devatA rudra thaa| zurUmeM ye loga adbhuta vezavAlI ToliyoMmeM ghUmanevAle dharmagurU aura jAdUgara the, jinakI kaI zreNiyAM thIM aura apanA eka alaga hI pavitra jJAna thA, aura bAda meM ekAkI yogI, siddha, jo apane gupta jJAna aura pavitra anuSThAnoMkA khajAnA liye dezameM ghUmate phirte|" DA. hAvarane prAtyoMko rudrakA anuyAyI batalAyA hai| viyanA oriyanTala jarnala (ji0 25, pR0 355-368 ) meM paoNla cAra penTara ( Paul Carpentier ) ne bhI vrAtyoMko Adhunika zaivoMkA pUrvaja tathA athavavedake ukta vrAtyako rudra ziva batalAyA thA, kintu e. bI. kIthane (ja0 e0 e, so0 1921) bar3I hI yogyatAse unakI mAnyatAkA nirAkaraNa kara diyA / mi0 cArapenTara ke matakA nirAkaraNa karate hue mi0 kIthane likhA hai-atharvakANDa 15se bhI isa bAtakA samarthana nahIM hotA ki brAtya rudra ziva 1. atharvaveda kANDa 15ke pahale sUkta meM vrAtyoMkA varNana isa prakAra prArambha hotA hai1.-vrAtya ghUma rahA thA, usane prajApatiko prerita kiyaa| 2-usane prajApati rUpameM suvarNako apanemeM dekhA / use jnaa| 3-vaha eka ho gayA, vaha mAthekA lalAma ho gyaa| vaha mahat huA, vaha jyeSTha huA, brahma huaA, sRjanevAlI garmI tapa) huA aura isa prakAra prakaTa huaa| 4-vaha uddIpta ho uThA, vaha mahAna ho gayA, mahAdeva bana gyaa| 5-vaha devatAoMke Izvaratvako lAMgha gayA, IzAna ho gayA / (bhA0 anu0 pR0 14)

Page #138
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 112 thaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki atharvaveda kANDa 15 kA varNana vrAtya se sambaddha hai / kintu usameM mujhe yaha kahIM nahIM milA ki vrAtya rudra ziva hai| atharvakA ukta aMza brAhmaNa zailI meM hai aura vaha bAdakA racA huA pratIta hotA hai| usameM prAtyakI prazaMsA hai, kintu atharva meM isa prakArake dhArmika siddhAntoM kA pAyA jAnA sAdhAraNa bAta hai, aura ve batalAte haiM ki 'vrAtya' ke pIche eka mahAna devakA rUpa antarnihita hai / atharva itanA hI batalAtA hai ki brAtya mahAdeva aura IzAna ho gayA, kintu 15-5-1 meM bhAva, zarva, pazupati, ugradeva, IzAna aura rudrako usakA sevaka batalAyA hai / yaha saba usakI laukika sAmarthyako batalAte haiM kintu usake mUla svarUpako pramANita nahIM karate / " atharva 0 kA 0 15, ke dUsare sUktameM eka vAkyAMza isa prakAra hai - 'suvarNamAtmannapazyat tat prAjanayat' isa vAkya meM suvarNake sthAnameM 'hiraNyagarbha' badalakara zeSa sampUrNa vAkya lagabhaga isI rUpa meM vrAtya anuzrutise sambaddha zvetA0 upa0 ( 3-4-2 ) meM isa prakAra duharAyA hai - 'yo devAnAM prabhavazca udbhavazca vizvAdhipo rudroM maharSi hiraNyagarbhe janayAmAsa pUrvam / ' yahA~ 'hiraNya garbha' zabda ullekhanIya hai / isake sambandha meM hama Age likheMge / yahA~ yaha zaGkA hotI hai ki kyA hiraNyagarbhakA brAtyake sAtha sambandha hai / yadi hai jaisA ki lagatA hai| to phira yaha vrAtya hiraNyagarbha kauna vyakti thA-- jaina zAstroM meM to RSabhadevako hiraNyagarbha kahA hai aura unake zarIrakA varNa suvarNake samAna batalAyA hai / atharva ( 1 - 42 - 4 ) meM bhI RSabha devake sambandhameM eka maMtra zrAyA hai / brAhmaNa granthoMmeM aise nirdeza nahIM milate jinake AdhArapara de

Page #139
114 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA brAtyoMkI janmabhUmikA nizcaya kiyA jA ske| tathApi atharvavedameM mAgadhoMkA vrAtyoMke sAtha nikaTa sambandha batalAyA hai| ataH brAtyoMko magadhakA vAsI mAnA jAtA hai| tathA vaidika sAhityake ullekhoMke anusAra brAtya loga na to brAhmaNoMke kriyA kANDako mAnate the, na khetI aura vyApAra karate the| ataH na ve brAhmaNa the aura na vaizya / kintu yoddhA the-dhanuSavANa rakhate the| manusmRti (a0 10 ) meM licchaviyoMko vrAtya batalAyA hai / sAtavIM-chaThI zatAbdI IsvIpUrvameM videhake par3osameM vaizAlI gaNataMtra thA-jo licchaviyoMkA thA / inake gaNakA nAma vRji yA vajigaNa thaa| ye licchavi loga kSatriya the aura magadha dezake nikaTa basate the / antima jaina tIrthaGkara bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mAtA licchavi gaNataMtrake pramukha jaina rAjA ceTakakI putrI thii| buddhane licchaviyoM aura unake vajigaNakI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| mahAparinibvANa suttase patA calatA hai ki una vajiyoMke apane caitya the aura apane arhat the| una ahatoM aura caityoMke anuyAyI vrAtya kahalAte the| ( bhA0 i0 rU0. pR0 346 kA pAda ttippnn)| isa taraha vrAtyoMko magadhakA vAsI aura licchaviyoMkA brAtya batalAnese to brAtya loga kSatriya aura jainoM ke pUrvaja pratIta hote haiN| zrI kA0pra0 jAyasavAlane ( mArDana rivyu 1926, pR0 466) likhA hai-'licchavi pATalIputrake 'apojiTa' mujaphpharapura jile meM rAjya karate the| ve brAtya arthAt abrAhmaNa kSatriya kahalAte the| ve gaNataMtra rAjyake svAmI the| unake apane pUjA sthAna the, unakI avaidika pUjAvidhi thI, unake apane dhArmika guru the| ve jainadharma aura bauddhadharmake AzradAtA the| unameM mahAbIra kA janma huaa| manune unheM patita batalAyA hai|'

Page #140
115 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa brAtyoMkI ora sabase prathama jisa videzI vidvAnkA dhyAna AkRSTa huA vaha the zrI bevara / bevarakA mata thA ki vrAtya bauddha dharma jaise kisI abrAhmaNa dharmake anuyAyI the| kintu vaidika sAhitya aura bauddha dharmake udgama kAlake bIcameM sudIrgha kAlakA antarAla honese brAtyoMkA sambandha bauddhadharmake sAtha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA thaa| tathA usa samaya taka jainadharmake svataMtra astitvameM hI katipaya vidvAnoMko sandeha thA jinameM svayaM bevara bhI the| ataH bevarakI ukta mAnyatAko prazraya nahIM milaa| kintu Aja jainadharmakA na kevala svataMtra astitva hI pramANita ho cukA hai kintu bauddhadharmase prAcIna bhI mAna liyA gayA hai aura isa taraha bhAratake aitihAsika kAlake prArambha taka usakA astitva jAtA hai / tathA moheMjodar3oMse prApta sIloMpara aMkita kAyotsargameM sthita nagna AkRti yadi RSabha devakI pramANita hotI haiM taba to jainadharmakI prAcInatA sindhu sabhyatA taka calI jAtI hai| ukta sthitimeM bevarakA mata hI satyake adhika nikaTa pratIta hotA hai kyoMki bauddhadharma jaisA abrAhmaNa dharma jainadharma hI ho sakatA hai| aura atharva kA. 15 ke prathama sUktake bhASyameM sAyaNake dvArA brAtyake liye prayukta 'karmaparai brAhmaNairvidviSTaM'-karmakANDI brAhmaNa jisase dveSa karate haiM, vizeSaNa bhI jainadharmake puraskartA aura anuyAyI ke liye susaMgata baiThatA hai / astu, 'brAtya' zabda brata yA brAtase banA hai| jaina dharmameM vratoMkA jo mahatva hai vaha Aja bhI kisI brAhmaNetara dharmameM nahIM hai| tathA brAtyakA atha ghumakkar3a hotA hai| arthAt jo eka jagaha sthira hokara na rahatA ho| 'vanji' zabda bhI braja yA 'varja' dhAtuse banA pratIta hotA hai| brajakA artha calanA hai aura 'varja' kA artha hai

Page #141
516 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA tyAganA / ataH brAta aura braja kA artha samAna hai tathA vrata aura varjakA artha samAna hai| bratakA matalaba hI tyAga hai jo varjakA bhI matalaba hai| tathA brAtakA matalaba hai ghumakkar3a aura brajakA calanA / brajase hI 'parivrAjaka' zabda banA, jo sAdhuke arthameM vyavahRta huaa| DA0 hAvarane likhA hai- 'atharva kA0 15, sUkta 10-13 meM laukika vrAtyako atithike rUpameM dezameM ghUmate hue tathA rAjanyoM aura jana sAdhAraNake gharoMmeM jAte hue dikhalAyA gayA hai| 'tulanAse yaha siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki atithi ghUmane phiranevAlA sAdhu hI hai jo pUrvakAlameM purohita yA jAdUgara hotA aura bAdameM siddha, jo apane sAtha alaukika vAtoMkA gupta jJAna lAtA aura apanA svAgata karanevAloMko AsIsa detaa| Rgveda aura anya dharmoMse tulanA karanepara mAlUma par3atA hai ki yaha AryAvarta aura yUropa ( ? ) kI ubhayaniSTha saMsthA thI; aura prAcIna bhAratameM vrAtya loga usake brAhmaNetara pratinidhi the| vaha jahA~ jAtA usakI Avabhagata bar3I zraddhA bhaktise hotii| aura vrAtya devatAkI taraha, jisakA ki vaha pratinidhi hai ( 13-8-6 ) usakA svAgata kiyA jAtA / isa AtithyakA var3A mAhAtmya hai / yadi vaha kisI gharameM eka rAta Thahare to gRhI pRthvIke saba puNya lokoMko pA jAtA hai| dUsare dina Thahare to antarIkSake, tIsare dina dhu ke, cauthe dina puNyake puNya lokoMko tathA pA~caveM dina aparimita puNya lokoMko / ...."12 veM sUktake prArambhameM patA calatA hai ki atithi aba ghUmate dharmaguru aura jAdUgarake rUpameM pahale vrAtyoM 1. bhA0 anu0, pR0 19 /

Page #142
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 117 vAlI sajadhaja aura maNDalIke sAtha nahIM AtA / aba to yaha ' evaM vidvAn vrAtya : ' hai jisake jJAnane aba purAne karmakANDakI jagaha le lI hai| prAcIna bhArata meM eka hI vyakti aisA hai jisapara yaha bAta ghaTa sakatI hai / vaha hai pArivrAjaka yogI yA saMnyAsI / yogiyoM-saMnyAsiyoMkA sabase purAnA namUnA vrAtya hai / ' ukta vivecanase yaha spaSTa hai ki vrAtya bhramaNazIla sAdhu the 1 ataH prAcIna vrAtya loga yadi uttara kAla meM 'vajji' kahe jAne lage to koI Azcarya nahIM hai / Upara likhA hai ki vrAtya zabda vrata yA vrAtase banA hai / atharva kA0 15 ke sUkta 2-7 meM vizvapuruSa brAtyake bhramaNa aura karma - kADakA varNana hai / unameM pradhAna mahAvrata hai jainoM meM Aja bhI sAdhuoM ke vratoMmeM mahAvrata hI pradhAna haiM / ukta kANDake pahale sUktameM Adi devako vrAtya kahA hai / tathA tIsare sUktameM vizva vrAtya pUre eka varSa sIdhA khar3A rahatA hai / jainoMmeM RSabha devako Adideva kahA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha prathama tIrthaGkara the / tathA pravrajyA grahaNa karaneke pazcAt chai mAsa taka ve kAyotsarga rUpa meM sIdhe khar3e rahe the aura chai mAsa taka AhAra ke liye bhaTakate phire the / isa taraha eka varSa unheM eka taraha se khar3A hI rahanA par3A thA / hama nahIM kaha sakate ki isa sabameM kitanA tathya hai, kintu itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM, ki atharvavedakA 15vAM kANDa Aja bhI vaidikavAGmayakI sabase kaThina pahelI banA huA hai / aura vrAtyoMkI sthitikA naye sire se adhyayana hone kI AvazyakatA hai /

Page #143
118 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hiraNyagarbha aura RSabhadeva Rgveda maM0 10, sU. 121 kI pahalI RcA isa prakAra hai --- hiraNyagarbhaH samavartatAgre bhUtasya jAtaH patireka zrAsIta / sa dAdhAra pRthivIM dyAmutemAM kasmai devAya haviSA vidhema // 1 // isameM batalAyA hai ki pahale hirayagarbha hue| vaha prANImAtrake eka svAmI the / unhoMne AkAza sahita pRthvIkA dhAraNa kiyaa| hama havike dvArA kisa devakI ArAdhanA kreN| sAyaNane isakA bhASya isa prakAra kiyA hai 'hiraNyagarbhaH hiraNmayasyANDasya garbhabhUtaH prajApatirhiraNyagarbhaH / tathA ca taittirIyakaM-prajApati hiraNyagarbhaH prajApateranurUpAya ( te0 saM0 5-5-1-2) / yadvA hiraNyamayo'aNDo garbhavadyasyodare vartate so'sau sUtrAtmA hiraNyagarbha ucyate / agre prapaJcatyatta prAk samavartat mAyAdhyakSAt sisRkSoH paramAtmanaH sAkAzAt samajAyata |...."srvsy jagataH parIzvara AsIt "' taittirIya saMhitA meM hiraNyagarbhakA artha prajApati kiyA hai| ataH prAcArya sAyaNa usIke anusAra hiraNyagarbhakI vyutpati' karate haiM-'hiraNyamaya aNDekA garbhabhUta' athavA jisake udarameM hiraNyamaya aNDA garbhakI taraha rahatA hai| vaha hiraNyagarbha prapaJcakI utpattise pahale sRSTiracanAke icchuka paramAtmAse utpanna huA / ' ___ yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki sAyaNa pandrahavIM vikramazatIke vidvAna haiM, usa samaya taka prajApati brahmA bana cuke the aura sRSTi racanAkI paurANika prakriyA pracalita ho cukI thii|

Page #144
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa ataH RgvedakA yaha hiraNyagarbha vAstavameM kauna hai yaha abhI taka bhI spaSTa nahIM ho sakA hai| mi0 vAlisa ( wallis ) kA kahanA hai ki hiraNyagarbha zabda lAkSaNika hai, yaha vizvakI mahAna zaktiko sUcita karatA hai jisase saba utpanna hue| yaha eka vicAra hai jo uttarakAlIna brahmAkI kalpanAke atinikaTa hai (hi0 prI0 iM0, pR. 35) / vikramakI nauvIM zatIke jainAcAya jinasenane-jinhoMne RSabha devakA vistRta carita 'mahApurANa' likhA hai, RSabha devako hiraNyagarbha' kahA hai| jaina mAnya tAke anusAra jaba RSabhadeva ga meM Aye to AkAzase svarNakI varSA huii| isIse ve 'hiraNyagarbha' khlaaye| yoga ke janaka hiraNyagarbha jaina mahApurANa tathA zrImadbhAgavat ke anusAra RSabha deva bar3e bhArI yogI the| jaina purANa to unheM hI yoga mArgakA zrAdya pravartaka batalAte haiN| unhoMne hI sarva prathama rAjyako tyAgakara banakA mArga liyA thaa| mohejodar3ose prAptamUrti bhI, jisake RSabha devakA pUrvarUpa hone kI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai-yogakI mudrA meM hai| . saiSA hiraNyamayI vRSTiH dhanezena nipAtitA / vibhorhiraNyagarbhatvamiva bodhayitu jagat ||prv 12,65 // "gabbhaDiassa jassa u hiraNNavuTTho makaMcaNA pddiyaa| teNaM hiraNNagabbho jayammi uvagijae usabho" (pauma0 3, 68)

Page #145
120 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA udhara mahAbhArata zAnti0, a0 346 meM hiraNyagarbha ko yoga kA vaktA batalAyA hai| yathA hiraNyagarbho yogasya vaktA nAnyaH purAtanaH / arthAt hiraNyagarbha yogamArgake pravartaka haiM anya koI unase purAtana nahIM hai / to kyA RSabhadeva aura hiraNyagarbha kahIM eka hI vyakti to nahIM hai, idhara jaina zAstra RSabhadevakA kAla bahuta prAcIna batalAte haiM to udhara Rgveda 'hiraNyagarbhaH samavartatAgre' likhakara hiraNyagarbhakI prAcInatAko sUcita karatA hai| 'hiraNyagarbhaH' zabda lAkSaNika hote hue bhI kisI vyakti kA sUcaka hai yaha bAta Rgvedake 'hiraNyagarbhaH samavartatA' padase vyakta hotI hai| hindU purANoM meM RSabhadeva "nAbhi putra RSabha aura RSabha putra bharata kI carcA prAyaH sabhI hindU purANoM meM AtI hai| mArkaNDeya pu0 a0 50, kUrma pu0a041 agni pu0a010, vAyu purANa a0 33, garuNa pu0 a0 1, brahmANDa pu0a0 14, vArAha pu0 a074, liga purANa a0 47, viSNu pu0 2, a0 1, aura skanda pu0 kumArakhaNDa a0 37, meM RSabhadevakA varNana AyA hai| ina sabhImeM RSabhako nAbhi aura maru devIkA putra batalAyA hai| RSabhase sau putra utpanna huye| unameMse bar3e putra bharatako rAjya dekara RSabhane pravrajyA grahaNa krlii| isa bharatase hI isa dezakA nAma bhAratavarSa par3A / yathA nAbhistvajanayata putraM merudevyAM mhaadyutiH| RSabhaM pArthivazreSThaM sarvakSatrasya pUrvajam / /

Page #146
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa - 121 RSabhAd bharato jajJe vIraH putrshtaagrjH| so'bhiSicyarSabhaH putraM mahAprAvrAjyamAsthitaH / / himAdvaM dakSiNaM varSa tasya nAmnA vidubudhAH / ukta zloka thor3ese zabda bhedake sAtha prAyaH ukta sabhI purANoM meM pAye jAte haiN| prAyaH sabhI hindU purANa isa viSayameM ekamata haiM ki RSabha putra bharatake nAmase isa dezakA nAma bhAratavarSa par3A, na ki duSyanta putra bharatake nAmase / hindU purANoMkA yaha aikamatya nissandeha ullekhanIya hai| ____ zrImadbhAgavatameM to RSabhAvatArakA pUrA varNana hai aura unhIMke upadezase jainadharmakI utpatti bhI batalAI hai| DA0 Ara. jI0 bhaNDArakara' ke matAnusAra '250 I0 ke lagabhaga purANoMkA punarnimANa honA Arambha huA aura guptakAla taka yaha krama jArI rhaa| isa kAlameM samaya-samayapara naye purANa bhI race gaye / ' isa taraha upalabdha purANa prAyaH guptakAlakI kRtiyA~ haiM aura unameM varNita prAga aitihAsika kAlIna ghaTanAoMko tathyake rUpameM svIkAra kara sakanA yadyapi saMbhava nahIM hai, phira bhI bhAratake aneka prAcIna vaMzoM aura anuzrutiyoMkA saMrakSaNa unhIMke kAraNa ho sakA hai aura bhAratIya itihAsakI truTita zRGkhalAoMko jor3ane meM bhI purANoMkA sAhAyya kama nahIM rahA hai / isaliye purANoMmeM carcita viSayoMko korI gappa kahakara nahIM ur3AyA jA sktaa| unameM bhI AMzika tathyoMkI saMbhAvanA hai| ataH adhika nahIM to kama-sekama itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki RSabhadeva, unake mAtA pitA tathA 1 A peep into early Indian history, ( bhaNDArakara lekha saMgraha jilda 1, pR0 56 )

Page #147
122 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA putroMke sambandhameM eka aisI anuzra ti calI AtI thI jise lekara hindU aura jaina purANakAroM takameM prAyaH matabheda nahIM thaa| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hindU purANoM meM varNita RSabhadevake varNanako hI purANakAroMne apanA liyaa| kintu vicAra karanepara yaha kathana ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| yaha pahale likha Aye haiM ki RSabhadevake prathama jaina tIrthaGkara honekI mAnyatA IsvI sana se bhI pUrva meM pravartita thI, itanA hI nahIM, RSabhadevakI mUrtikI pUjA jaina loga karate the yaha bAta khAravelake zilAlekha tathA mathurAse prApta purAtattvase pramANita ho cukI hai| tathA hindU purANoMse bhI pUrvake jaina granthoMmeM RSabhadevakA carita varNita hai| isake sivAya zrIbhAgavatameM RSabhadevakA varNana karate hue spaSTa likhA hai ki vAtarazana ( nagna ) zramaNoMke dharmakA upadeza karaneke liye unakA janma huA / yathA varhiSi tasminneva viSNudatta bhagavAn paramarSibhiH prasAdito nAbheH priyacikIrSayA tadavarodhAyane marudevyAM dharmAn darzayitukAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAmUrdhvamanthinAM zuklayA tanuvAvatatAra // 20 // ska0 5, a03 / ___ ukta nagna zramaNoMke dharmase spaSTa hI jaina dharmakA abhiprAya hai kyoMki Age bhAgavatkArane RSabhadevake upadezase hI Arhata dharma ( jaina dharmakA purAnA nAma ) kI utpatti batalAI hai| usameM likhA hai 'bhagavAna RSabhake AcaraNoMkA vRttAnta sunakara koMka, baiMka, kuTaka dezoMkA arhat nAma rAjA bhI vaise hI AcaraNa karane lagegA aura vaha mati manda bhavitavyatAse mohita hokara kali.

Page #148
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa yugameM jaba adharmakI unnati hogI, usa samaya nirbhaya sanAtana dharmake mArgako tyAgakara apanI buddhise pAkhaNDamaya kumArga claavegaa| isa adharma pravartaka rAjAke pIche kaliyugake mandabuddhi manuSyagaNa IzvarakI mAyAmeM mohita hokara apane apane zauca AcArako tyAgakara devatoMkA tiraskAra kareMge evaM snAna na karanA, Acamana na karanA, azauca rahanA, kezaloca karanA Adi viparIta vratoMko apanIapanI icchAke anusAra grahaNa kreNge| jisameM adharma bahuta hotA hai aise kaliyugameM isa prakArake loga naSTabuddhi hokara prAyaH sarvadA veda, brAhmaNa yajJa aura haribhaktoMko dUSita kara hNseNge| ve loga anyaparamparA sadRza vedavidhivahiSkRta ukta prakArakI manamAnI pravRtti karake apane karmoMse ghAra narakameM gireNge| he. rAjan ! bhagavAnakA yaha RSabhAvatAra eka prakArase ukta anarthakA kAraNa honepara bhI rajoguNameM Asakta vyaktiyoMko mokSamAge sikhalAneke liye parama Avazyaka thaa| ( bhAgavata bhASA, ska0 5, a06) ___ ukta saba varNana jainoMko lakSya karake hI likhA gayA hai| hA~, ahaMta nAmake rAjAkI kalpanA mana gaDhanta hai, arhat jIvanmukta dazAkA nAma hai / usa avasthAmeM pahuMcanepara hI tArthaGkara dharmopadeza karate haiM / zAyada bhramase usIko rAjA mAna liyA hai| ___ ukta varNanase yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma aura usake anuyAyioMke prati bhAgavatkArakA abhiprAya yadyapi roSapUrNa hai tathApi RSabhadevake prati aisI bAta nahIM hai| unake liye to unhoMne atyanta Adara hI vyakta kiyA hai aura likhA hai- 'janmahIna RSabhadeva jIkA anukaraNa karanA to dUra rahA, anukaraNa karanekA manoratha bhI koI anya yogI nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki

Page #149
124 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA jisa yogabala (siddhiyoM ) ko RSabhajIne asAra samajhakara nahIM gRhaNa kiyA aura-aura yogI loga usIke pAnekI aneka ceSTAe~ karate haiM / he rAjan ! RSabhadeva jI loka, veda, devatA, brAhmaNa, gau Adi saba pUjanIyoMke pUjanIya parama guru haiN|| (ska0 5, a06) ___ RSabhadeva jImeM itanI zraddhA-bhakti prakaTa karanekA eka hI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki unheM viSNuke avatAroMmeM mAnA gayA hai| kintu viSNuke dasa avatAroMmeM RSabhadevakI gaNanA nahIM hai jaba ki buddha kI gaNanA hai| hA~, caubIsa avatAroMmeM RSabhadevako avazya sthAna diyA hai| viSNuke avatAra purANoMke avalokanase viSNuke avatAroM meM bhI ekarUpatA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / vibhinna granthakArAne vibhinna prakArase unakA ullekha kiyA hai| mahAbhArata zAntiparvake nArAyaNIya bhAgameM chai avatAra ginAye haiM-varAha, narasiMha, vAmana, parazurAma, rAma aura vAsudeva kRssnn| kucha antara dekara isIke bAda avatAroMkI saMkhyA dasa batalAI hai, usameM haMsa, kUrma aura matsyako ukta chai avatAroMke AdimeM rakhA hai aura antameM kalkiko rakhA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaba avatAroMkI saMkhyA dasa nizcita ho gaI to antima aMza usameM jor3a diyA gayA, aisA Ara0 bhaNDArakarakA abhiprAya hai (vai. zai0, pR0 56 ) harivaMzameM ukta chai avatAroMkA hI nirdeza hai| vAyu purANameM do sthaloMmeM avatAroMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| a067 meM unakI saMkhyA

Page #150
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 125 bAraha batalAI hai aura a068 meM dasa avatAra hI batalAye haiN| jinameM chai to pUrvokta haiM unameM cAra nAma aura jor3e gaye haiMdattAtreya, ekakA nAma na dekara kevala pAMcavA~ likhA hai, vedavyAsa aura kalki / varAha purANameM dasa avatAra batalAye haiM ukta chai tathA matsya, karma, buddha aura klki| bAdameM ye hI dasa avatAra mAne gaye / agni purANameM bhI ye hI dasa avatAra batalAye haiN| ___ bhAgavata purameM tIna sthaloMmeM avatAroMkA nirdeza kiyA hai-prathama skandhake tIsare adhyAyameM unakI saMkhyA bAIsa hai, dUsare skandhake sAtaveM adhyAyameM unakI saMkhyA 23 hai aura skandha 11 ke cauthe adhyAyameM 56 avatAra batalAye haiN| bAIsa avatAroMkA krama isa prakAra ginAyA hai-prathama sanaka, sanandana, sanAtana, sanatkumAra avatAra lekara akhaNDa brahmacarya pAlana kiyaa| dUsarI bAra pRthvIkA uddhAra karaneke liye vArAha avatAra liyaa| tIsarI bAra nArada avatAra liyaa| cauthI bAra naranArAyaNa avatAra liyaa| pA~cavIM bAra kapila avatAra lekara Asuriko sAMkhya zAstrakA upadeza diyaa| chaThI bAra dattAtreya hokara AtmavidyAkA upadeza diyaa| sAtavIM bAra yajJa nAmase avatAra liyaa| AThavIM bAra nAbhi rAjAkI marudevI nAmaka strImeM RSabha avatAra liyA aura saba Azrama jisako namaskAra karate haiM aise paramahaMsa dharmakA upadeza kiyaa| nauvIM bAra rAjA pRthuke rUpase avatAra liyaa| dasavIM bAra matsyAvatAra lekara pRthvIkI rakSAkI / 11 vIM bAra kacchapa avatAra liyaa| 12 vAM dhanvantari avatAra liyaa| terahavA~ mohinI rUpa dhAraNa karake devatoMko amRta pilAyA / 14 vAM nRsiMha avatAra, 15 vA vAmana avatAra, 16 vAM parazurAma, 17 vAM vyAsa, 18 rAma, 16 aura bIsavAM

Page #151
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kRSNa baladeva / phira kaliyugake ArambhameM jinasuta buddha hoMge, phira kaliyugake antameM kalki hoNge| isa prakAra avatAroMkI sabase adhika saMkhyA bhAgavata purANameM hai| isameM ukta prasiddha dasa avatAroMmeMse varAha avatArakA dUsarA, matsyAvatArakA dasavA~, kacchapakA gyArahavA~, nRsiMhakA caudahavAM, vAmanakA 15 vAM, parazurAmakA 16 vAM, rAmakA 18 vAM aura kRSNakA 16 vAM tathA buddha aura kalkikA 21 vAM aura bAIsavAM nambara haiN| ina bAIsa avatAroMmeM do-tIna avatAra aise bhI haiM, jo veda virodhI dharmake pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| unameM sabase pahalA aura kramAnusAra pA~cavAM avatAra kapilakA hai jisane sAMkhyazAstrakA upadeza diyaa| aura pAThavAM RSabhadevakA hai, jinheM jaina dharmameM AdyatIrthaGkara mAnA gayA hai tathA 21 vAM avatAra buddhakA hai, jinhoMne bauddhadharmakI sthApanA kii| kintu kRSNako chor3akarakyoMki vaha to svayaM viSNu the, prAyaH anya saba avatAroMmeM RSabhAvatArake prati viziSTa aAdara pradarzita kiyA gayA hai aura unheM yogI batalAyA hai| kintu viSNukA avatAra batalAte hue unheM yajJa aura brAhmaNoMkI kRpAkA hI phala batalAyA hai| RSabhAvatArakA varNana karate hue likhA hai bhAgavatameM RSabha carita zukadevajI kahate haiM-he rAjan ! agnIdhrake putra nAbhine santAnakI kAmanAse merudevI nAma apanI putrahIna rAnI sahita ekAgra cittase yajJake anuSThAna dvArA bhagavAna yajJa puruSakI ArAdhanA kI / yadyapi bhagavAn viSNuko koI sahajameM rahIM pA sktaa| kintu bhagavAn to bhaktavatsala haiN| ata eva jaba nAbhike yajJameM

Page #152
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 127 'pravargya' karmoMkA anuSThAna hone lagA taba apane bhakta nAbhikI abhilASA pUrNa karaneke liye bhakta paravaza evaM svataMtra bhagavAn viSNujI prakaTa hue / Rtvija, sadasya aura yajamAna sabhI usa mUrtiko dekhakara Anandase uTha khar3e hue aura sammAna pUrvaka sira jhukAkara pUjana karake kahane lage ( isake Age viSNukI prazaMsA hai ) - bhagavan yaha rAjarSi nAbhi putrako hI paramArtha mAnakara Apase Apake hI samAna guNa zIlavAlA putra mA~gate haiM / / bharata khaDake svAmI rAjA nAbhi jinake caraNoM meM praNAma karate haiM. una Rtvija RSiyoM ne isa prakAra stuti karake bhagavAnake caraNoM meM praNAma kiyaa| taba bhagavAn bole- 'he RSigaNa ! tumhAre vAkya kabhI niSphala nahIM ho sakate / kintu tumane hamase jo vara mAMgA hai, vaha bar3A hI durlabha hai / rAjA nAbhike mere hI samAna svabhAva aura guNavAlA putra utpanna ho, yahI to tumhArI prArthanA hai ? yaha to bahuta hI durlabha hai| mere samAna to koI nahIM hai, maiM advitIya hU~, maiM hI apane sadRza hU~ / astu, kucha bhI ho, brAhmaNoMkA vAkya mithyA nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki dvijoM meM devatulya pUjanIya vidvAn brAhmaNa merA hI mukha hai / acchA hai, maiM hI apanI akalAse nAbhike yahA~ janma lU~gA; kyoMki mujhako mere samAna koI dUsarA nahIM dekha par3atA / " yaha kaha kara bhagavAna antardhAna ho gye| taba paramahaMsa, tapasvI, jJAnI aura naiSThika brahmacArI logoM ko dharma dikhAneke liye nAbhi rAjAke antaHpurameM unakI -rAnI merudevIke garbha se bhagavAnne sattvamUrti RSabhadeva jI ke rUpase janma liyA ( bhA0 pu0, ska0 5, 0 3 ) / ukta vivaraNase spaSTa hai ki RSabhadeva jIkI utpattiko bhI yajJa aura brAhmaNoMkI kRpAkA phala tathA viSNukA prasAda batalAne ke sAtha-sAtha viSNuko sarvopari devatA ThaharAnA hI ukta kathanakA

Page #153
128 jai0 sA0 i0.pUrva pIThikA lakSya hai| bhAgavatameM kapilako bhI viSNukA avatAra mAnA hai| kintu cUMki kapilake pitA RSi the, ataH unheM nAbhikI taraha yajJa karake brAhmaNoMke dvArA viSNuse siphAriza nahIM karAtI pdd'ii| unhoMne apanI patnIse kaha diyA ki tere garbhase bhagavAna avatAra leNge| basa, bhagavAnako avatAra lenA pdd'aa| brAhmaNakA vacana jhaThA kaise ho sakatA hai ? ___ kapila RSi aura RSabhadevake mukhase jo upadeza karAyA gayA hai usameM bheda honA svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki kapila sAMkhya zAstrake upadeSTA the aura RSabhadeva paramahaMsa (jaina ) dharmake phira bhI jahA~ taka bhagavadbhaktikI bAta hai, donoMke dvArA usakA samarthana hI nahIM, prarUpaNa bhI karAyA gayA hai| kintu RSabhadevakI apekSA kapilake dvArA bhaktikA prarUpaNa vizeSa joradAra hai aura aisA honA ucita hI hai kyoMki kapilake sAMkhya darzanako gItAmeM sthAna prApta hai| parantu brAhmaNoMkI prazaMsA RSabhadevake mukhase bhI khUba karAI gaI hai| likhA hai-'isa prakAra brAhmaNoMko sarvapUjya jAnakara unakA yogya sammAna to karanA hI, kintu sthAvara aura jaMgama-donoM prakArake prANiyoMko mere rahanekA sthAna jAnakara kisIse baira na karanA, kisIkA jI na dukhAnA, hara eka samaya unakA Adara karanA aura zubha cintaka rahanA, yahI merI sabase bar3hakara pUjA hai|' ___ isa vAkyameM brAhmaNa pUjAke sAtha vAsudeva bhakti aura ahiMsA dharmakI khicar3I pakAI gaI hai| jainadharmameM trasa aura sthAvara jIvoMkI mana, vacana kAmase rakSA karanekA vidhAna hai| antameM RSabhadeva jI karmoMse nivRtta mahAmuniyoMko bhakti

Page #154
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 126 jJAna-vairAgyamaya paramahaMsa dharmakI zikSA deneke lie zarIrake sivA saba tyAgakara naMge, bAla khule hue, brahmAvartase cala dete haiN| rAhameM koI TokatA hai to mauna rahate haiN| loga unheM satAte haiM para vaha usase vicalita nahIM hote| maiM aura mereke abhimAnase dUra haiM / paramarUpavAna hote hue bhI avadhUtakI taraha ekAkI vicaraNa karate haiN| dehabharameM dhUla bharI hai asaMskArake kAraNa bAla ulajha gaye haiN| ___ "isa prakAra bhagavAna RSabhajIne yogiyoMke karane yogya AcaraNa dikhalAneke liye hI aneka yogacaryAoMkA AcaraNa kiyA; kyoMki vaha svayaM bhagavAn monake svAmI evaM paramamahat the| unako binA cAhe AkAzameM ur3anA, manake samAna sarvatra gati, antardhAna, parakAyapraveza aura dUradarzana Adi siddhiyA~ prApta thIM kintu unako unakI kucha bhI cAha nahIM thii| isa taraha bhagavAn RSabhadeva lokapAla ziromaNi hokara bhI saba aizvaryoMko tRNatulya tyAgakara akele avadhUtoMkI bhA~ti AcaraNa dhAraNakara vicArane lge| dekhanese vaha eka sir3I jAna par3ate the, sivA jJAniyoMke mUDhajana unake prabhAva aura aizvaryakA anubhava nahIM kara sakate the| yadyapi ve jIvanmukta the to bhI yogiyoMko kisa prakAra zarIrakA tyAga karanA cAhiye, isakI zikSA deneke liye unhoMne apanA sthUla zarIra tyAganekI icchA kI / jaise kumbhakArakA cAka ghumAkara chor3a denepara bhI thor3Idera taka Apa hI Apa ghUmA karatA hai vaise hI liGga zarIra tyAga denepara bhI yoga mAyAkI vAsanA dvArA bhagavAna RSabhakA sthUla zarIra saMskAravaza bhramaNa karatA huA koMka, baiMka, kuTaka, aura dakSiNa karnATaka dezoMmeM yahakSA pUrvaka prApta huaa| vahA~ kuTakAcalake upavanameM, sIr3iyoMkI taraha bar3I

Page #155
130 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA bar3I jaTA chiTakAye naMge dhaDaMge RSabhadeva jI vicarane lge| saba banameM akasmAt vAyuke vegase bA~sa hilane lge| paraspara bA~soM ke ragaDanese dAvAnala prakaTa huA, dekhate-dekhate kSaNabharameM vaha dAvAnala saba banameM phaila gyaa| usI agnimeM RSabhadeva jIkA sthUla zarIra bhasma ho gayA / (bhA0 pu0 ska0 5, a0 5.6 ) / isa taraha bhAgavatakArane bhI bhagavAna RSabhadevako yogI batalAyA hai| yoM to kRSNako bhI yogI mAnA jAtA hai kintu kRSNakA yoga 'yogaH karmasu kauzalam' ke anusAra karmayoga thA aura bhagavAna RSabhadevakA yoga karma saMnyAsarUpa thaa| jaina dharmameM karmasaMnyAsarUpa yogakI hI sAdhanAkI jAtI hai| RSabhadevase lekara mahAvIra paryanta sabhI tIrthaGkara yogI the| mauryakAlase lekara AjatakakI sabhI jaina mUrtiyA~ yogIke rUpa meM hI prApta ___ yogakI paramparA atyanta prAcIna paramparA hai / vaidika Arya usase aparicita the| kintu sindhu ghATI sabhyatA yogase achUtI nahIM thI, yaha vahA~se prApta yogIkI mUrtise, jise rAmaprasAda candAne RSabhadevakI mUrti honekI saMbhAvanA vyaktakI thIspaSTa hai| ___ ataH zrImadbhAgavata Adi hindU purANoMse bhI RSabhadevakA pUrva puruSa honA tathA yogI hAnA pramANita hotA hai aura unheM hI jaina dharmakA prasthApaka bhI batalAyA gayA hai| eka bAta aura bhI ullekhanIya hai| ___ zrImadbhAgavata (ska0 5, a04) meM RSabhadeva jIke sau patra batalAye haiN| unameM bharata sabase bar3e the| unhIMke nAmase isa khaNDakA nAma bhAratavarSa par3A / bhAratake sivA kuzavarta, ilAvarta

Page #156
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 131 vidarbha. kokara, dravir3a Adi nAmaka putra bhI RSabhadevake the| ye saba bhArata varSake vividha pradezoMke bhI nAma rahe haiN| inameM draviNa nAma ullekhanIya hai / jo batalAtA hai ki RSabhadevajI dravir3oMke bhI pUrvaja the| sindhu sabhyatA dravir3a sabhyatA thI aura vaha yogakI prakriyAse paricita thI jisakI sAdhanA RSabhadevane kI thii| ___ zrI ci0vi0 vaidyane bhAgavatake racayitAko dravir3a dezakA adhivAsI batalAyA hai / ( ha030li. (vinTara0) bhA0 1, pR0556 kA TippaNa nN03)| aura dravir3a deza meM rAmAnujAcAryake samaya taka jaina dharmakA bar3A prAbalya thaa| saMbhava hai isIse bhAgavatkArane RSabha devako dravir3a dezameM le jAkara vahIMpara jaina dharmakI utpatti honekA nirdeza kiyA ho / kintu unake isa nirdezase bhI itanA spaSTa hai ki RSabha devake jaina dharmakA Adya pravartaka honekI mAnyatAmeM sarvatra eka rUpatA thI aura RSabhadeva eka yogIke rUpameM hI mAne jAte the| tathA janasAdhAraNakI unake prati gaharI AsthA thI / yadi aisA na hotA to RSabhadevako viSNuke avatAroMmeM itanA AdaraNIya sthAna prApta na huA hotaa| viSNu aura avatAravAda yahA~ viSNu aura usake avatAravAdake saMbandhameM prakAza DAlanA ucita hogaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcIna vaidika kAlameM bhI viSNu eka mahAn devatA thaa| kintu koI bhI use eka mAtra devatA athavA sarvocca devatA nahIM mAnatA thA / Rgvedase pragaTa hai ki indrake

Page #157
132 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sAmane viSNu eka hIna devatA hai / indra use AjJA detA hai| Rga (1-22-16) meM viSNuko indrakA yogya sakhA avazya likhA hai| kintu uttara kAlIna vaidika sAhityameM viSNukI sthiti pahalese adhika pramukha ho jAtI hai| zatapatha brAhmaNameM viSNuke tIna pairase brahmAMDako AkrAMta karanekI kathA vistArase dI gayI hai| usameM viSNuko yajJa puruSa batalAyA hai| usake caudahaveM kANDameM devoMmeM vivAda honekI eka kathA dI hai, jisameM viSNukI vijaya huii| tabase viSNu saba devoMmeM uttama kahe jAne lge| ____ isa taraha brAhmaNakAlameM viSNune pramukha sthAna prApta kiyA / kintu phira bhI usakI yaha sthiti sarvadA nirbAdha nahIM thii| kyoMki etareya brAhmaNa (1-30) meM use 'devAnAM dvArapaH' devatAoMkA dvArapAla likhA hai| phira bhI brAhmaNakAlameM viSNuko jo prAdhAnya milA vaha Age bar3hatA hI gayA aura bar3hate-bar3hate mahAbhAratakAlameM vaha sarvazakti sampanna devatAke rUpameM pUjA jAne lgaa| viSNuke nAmapara pracalita sAmpradAyika nAma 'vaiSNava' bhI prathamabAra mahAbhArata' meM hI milatA hai kintu 'parama vaiSNava' upAdhikA pracalana IsAkI pA~cavIM zatIke lagabhaga huaa| (arlI hi0 vaiSNa, pR0 18) / mahAbhAratake bhISma parva aura zAnti parvameM bhAgavata, sAtvata, ekAntika yA paJcarAtra dharmakA ullekha milatA hai| mahAbhAratake anusAra nArada ne isa dharmako svayaM nArAyaNase prApta kiyA thaa| 1--aSTAdaza purANAnAM zravaNAt yatphalaM bhavet / tatphalaM samavApnoti vaiSNavo nAtra saMzayaH //

Page #158
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 133 nArAyaNa nAma prathama bAra zatapatha brAhmaNameM pAyA jAtA hai| kintu usakA viSNuke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| taittirIya AraNyakameM viSNuke sAtha nArAyaNako sambaddha kara diyA gayA hai| zilAlekhoMse patA calatA hai ki IsvI sanke prArambhase bahuta pUrva bhAgavatadharma yA bhakti sampradAya maujUda thA tathA bhAgavata loga vAsudevake bhakta the| ( arlI hi0 vaiSNa0, pR0 22-23) / kintu kisI saMhitA; brAhmaNa aura prAcIna upaniSada meM viSNukA vAsudeva nAma nahIM miltaa| (arlI hi0 vaiSNa, pR0 32) ___ hAM, bhagavadgItAmeM 'vRSNInAM vAsudevo'smi' likhakara vAsudevako vRSNiIkulase sambandhita batalAyA hai| mahAbhAratameM mathurAke yAdava, athavA vRSNi athavA sAtvata vaMzake kRSNako vAsudeva kahA hai| aneka * vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki kRSNa vAsudeva mAnava prANI nahIM thA, kintu eka laukika devatA thA, usakI saMskRtiko viSNuke sira lAdakara vaiSNava dharmako janma diyA gyaa| udAharaNake liye barthane 'bhAratIya dharma nAmaka apanI pustakameM likhA hai ki 'mahAbhAratameM viSNakA sthAna sarvocca hai jo ki vaidika sAhityameM nahIM hai| kintu mahAbhAratase viSNuke sAtha hI eka aura nAyaka prakaTa hotA hai jise avatAra mAnA gayA hai, vaha hai mAnavIya Izvara kRSNa / vaha vyakti vedoMke lie ekadama aparicita hai| yaha nissandeha eka laukika devatA hai| isase hama yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki viSNukI pradhAnatA prApti aura kRSNake sAtha usakI ekarUpatAke madhya meM avazya hI ghaniSTha sambandha hai| aba yaha prazna paidA hotA hai ki kyA kRSNako viSNuke sAtha isaliye milAyA gayA ki viSNuko sarvocca sthAna prApta ho cukA thA athavA brAhmaNIya devatA viSNukI

Page #159
134 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA pradhAnatA viSNuko lokaprasiddha kRSNa ke sAtha milanekA natIjA hai / ina donoM vikalpoMmeMse mujhe dUsarA vikalpa hI atyadhika saMbhava pratIta hotA hai / hama dekha cuke haiM ki vedoMmeM viSNukI pradhAnatA prakaTa nahIM hotI / aura mahAbhArata meM vaha hameM vizeSa prAcIna pratIta nahIM hotI / ' (ri0 I0 pR0 166-67 ) chA0 upaniSad (3-17-6) meM ghora AGgirasa ke ziSya devakIputra kRSNakA ullekha AtA hai / maiksamUlara mahAbhArata aura purANoM ke devakIputra kRSNa aura upaniSadake devakIputra kRSNako eka nahIM mAnate / tathA maikDAnala aura kIthako unakI ekatA meM sandeha hai / upaniSada ke kRSNa ke viSaya meM unhoMne vaidika inDeksa meM likhA hai - 'paramparA tathA griyarsana gArba jaise katipaya Adhunika vidvAn use mahAbhAratakA nAyaka kRSNa mAnate haiM jo bAda meM devatA ke rUpa meM pUjA jAne lagA | unake matAnusAra kRSNa kSatriya thA aura naitika dharmoMkA upadeSTA tathA brAhmaNa dharmakA virodhI thA / yaha bAta ekadama sandehAspada hai / ucita to yaha pratIta hotA hai yA to nAmoMkI samAnatA Akasmika hai, yA upaniSadakA ullekha | barthane donoM kRSNoMko to eka mAnA hai kintu upaniSadameM kRSNake ullekhako ekadama paurANika mAnA hai / (ri0 i0 pR0 1968 ) / DA0 kIthakA kahanA hai ki 'mahAbhAratakA kRSNa kevala eka mAmUlI dharmopadeSTA nahIM hai / vahAM jaba vaha upadeza detA hai to vaha apaneko paramezvara ke rUpameM prakaTa karatA hai aura hama isa tathya kI upekSA nahIM kara sakate; kyoMki usakA vaha devIrUpa samasta mahAbhArata meM spaSTa rUpameM aMkita hai / vahA~ use eka jagaha 'gopIjana vallabha' likhA hai / yaha vizeSaNa eka anumAnita kSatriya upadeSTA ke lie kucha vicitra sA lagatA hai / kintu gvAla jIvana bitAne vAle kRSNa

Page #160
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa jaise paramezvarake liye ucita hai / isake sivAya eka aura tathyakI upekSA karanA asaMbhava hai / upaniSadake jisa vAkyameM kRSNakA nirdeza hai usameM anya guNoMke sAtha satya bolanA bhI sammilita hai| kintu usase mahAbhAratake kRSNake kAryoM aura kriyAtmaka upadezoMmeM bahuta antara pratIta hotA hai|' (ja0 rA0 e0 so0 1615, pR0548-50)| ___ antameM DA0 kIthane likhA hai-'hameM yaha mAna lenA cAhie ki isa viSayake nirNayake liye hameM jo pramANa upalabdha haiM ve paryApta nahIM hai| unapara hama usa kRSNakA mahala khar3A nahIM kara sakate jisane kevala manuSyake rUpameM bhAgavata dharmakI sthApanA kii| mahAbhArata kA kRSNa paramezvara hai aura upaniSada kA kRSNa manuSya hai| aura donoMkI eka rUpatAke AdhAra spaSTa nahIM haiN|' chA. u0 meM ghora AGgirasa RSike ziSyake rUpameM devakI putra kRSNakA ullekha AyA hai| vahA~ yaha nahIM batalAyA ki kRSNane svayaM kisI dharmakA upadeza diyA / usase to kevala itanA hI prakaTa hotA hai ki kRSNa eka guruke samparkameM Aye aura unase unhoMne kucha siddhAntoMkI zikSA lii| kintu gItAmeM jo upadeza diyA gayA hai use kRSNakA kahA jAtA hai aura cUki gItA upaniSadoM ke bAdameM racI gayI hai ataH gItAke mUla siddhAnta kRSNake dvArA upadiSTa hue aisA mAnA jAtA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki mahAbhAratake kRSNa mAnava haiM yA deva, yaha nizcita nahIM hai / kuchakA mata hai ki kRSNa manuSya thA pIche use devatAkA rUpa diyA gayA, kucha kA kahanA hai ki vaha prArambha se hI devatA rahA hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki IsvI pUrva caturtha zatI meM kRSNakI mAnyatA devatAke rUpameM hotI thI, kyoMki pANinine

Page #161
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA 'vAsudevArjunAbhyAM vun ( 4-3-68 ) sUtrameM vAsudevakI bhakti karane vAleke artha meM vun pratyayakA vidhAna kiyA hai / megAsthanIz2ane likhA hai ki mathurA meM kRSNakI pUjA hotI hai / mahAnArAyaNa upaniSad ( I0 pUrva 3rI zatI anumAnita ) meM viSNuko vAsudeva kahA hai, jo batalAtA hai ki kRSNa viSNu bana cuke the / antameM ukta pANinisUtra ke mahAbhASya meM vAsudevako paramezvara kahA hai / 136 isa viSaya meM DA0 bhaNDArakara kA apanA eka judA mata hai / vaha vAsudeva aura kRSNa meM bheda mAnate haiM / unakA mata hai ki vAsudeva sAtvat jAtike manuSya the jo I0 pUrva chaThI zatI meM hue / unhoMne apanI jAtivAloMko ekezvara vAdakA upadeza diyaa| bAda ko unake anuyAyI logoMne unheM devatAkA rUpa dekara pUjanA zurU kara diyA / bAdako unheM nArAyaNa, phira viSNu aura phira mathurAkA kRSNa gopAla banA diyA / isI sampradAya se gItAkA janma huA / griyarsana, vinTara nITasa aura gArvane isa matako mAnA kintu hApakinsa aura kIthane nahIM mAnA / n DA. rAya caudharIne apane vaiSNava sampradAya ke prAcIna itihAsa meM isapara vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai / vaha ghora AGgirasa ke ziSya devakI putra kRSNako bhAgavata dharmakA saMsthApaka mAnate haiM / kintu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa viSaya meM ve nissandeha nahIM hai kyoMki unhoMne eka sthAna para likhA hai- 'yadi kRSNa kevala eka kSatriya rAjA the aura yadi bhAgavata dharmake AdhArabhUta siddhAnta unake dvArA upadiSTa nahIM hai kintu kisI ajJAta vyaktike dvArA upadiSTa haiM to hameM yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki prAcIna bhAgavata apane dharma gurukA nAma bhUla gaye / (arlI hi0 vaiSNa; pR0 61 ) / astu, bhAgavata dharma ke saMsthApaka kRSNa hai yA nahIM, isa vivAdako chor3a

Page #162
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 137 kara hama punaH isa praznakI ora Ate haiM ki kRSNa vAsudevakA viSNuke sAtha ekIkaraNa kaba huA aura kyoM huA ? isa saMbandhameM hama rAya caudharIkI khojakA uddhR ta karanA ucita samajhate haiN| unhoMne likhA hai-"kRSNa vAsudevakA nArAyaNa viSNuke sAtha prathama bAra ekIkaraNa kaba huA, isakA nirNaya kara sakanA zakya nahIM hai|...........yh batalAneke liye bhI ki prAcIna bhAgavata dharmameM viSNukA pramukha sthAna thA koI sAkSAt pramANa nahIM hai / pAJcAlake eka mitra sikkepara cAra hAtha vAle viSNukI mUrti aMkita hai| kintu yaha batalAnekA koI sAdhana nahIM hai ki jisa rAjAne vaha sikkA calAyA vaha bhAgavata-vAsudeva saMkarSaNa sabhyatAkA anuyAyI thA / viSNu pUjA brAhmaNa sabhyatAke pratidvandIke rUpameM calI AyI ho sakatI hai| vAsudevakA nArAyaNa viSNuke sAtha ekIkaraNakA spaSTa nirdeza taittirIya AraNyakameM milatA hai kintu taitti0 A0 kA samaya nizcata nahIM hai| usake jisa antima bhAgameM vAsudevakA nAma AyA hai vaha bhAga nizcaya hI uttara kAlIna hai / DA0 mitrake anusAra yaha IsvI san ke prArambhakI upaja hai / kintu yataH Apastaba sUtrake dvArA usakA astitva pUrvAnumAnita hai / ataH hamArA jhukAva DA. kIthake isa matakI ora haiM ki taitti0 Ara0 sambhavatayA IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatIkA hai| IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatIke brAhmaNa granthameM nArAyaNa viSNuke nAmase vAsudevakA pAyA jAnA artha pUrNa hai / kyA yaha samrATa azokakA kriyAzIla Andolana thA jisane bhAgavatoMko apanA mitra banAneke uddezyase vAsudevako nArAyaNa viSNuke sAtha sambaddha karaneke liye vaidika purohitoMko prerita kiyA ? mahAbhAratameM aise cinha pAye jAte haiM jo batalAte

Page #163
13 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA haiM ki bar3I kaThinAI ke sAtha kaTTara brAhmaNoMko kRSNa vAsudevako svayaM paramezvara nArAyaNa mAnaneke lie taiyAra kiyA jA skaa| gItA meM ( 7-16,9-11) kRSNa khedake sAtha kahate haiM ki aisA manuSya milanA bar3A kaThina hai jo kahe-vAsudeva saba kucha hai| jaba maiM mAnavarUpameM thA mUrkha merA tiraskAra karate the| sabhAparva (ma0 bhA0 ) meM hameM use kAlakI smRtiyAM dRSTi gocara hotI haiM jaba kRSNake paramezvara honeke dAvekA khule rUpase khaNDana kiyA jAtA thA kyoMki kRSNa brAhmaNa nahIM the| ma0 mA0 ( 1-167-33 ) meM vAsudeva kevala nArAyaNake uttarAdhikArI haiM / dUsarI jagaha ( 1-228-20 ) unheM nArAyaNa batalAyA hai| kintu yaha nArAyaNa eka RSi hai, paramAtmA nahIM hai| kintu mahAbhAratake pUrNa honepara kRSNako nArAyaNa viSNu sabane mAnaliyA / ' ( arlI hi, vaiSNa, 107-108 ) DA. rAya caudharI ne eka prazna uThAyA hai ki IsA pUrva zatAbdiyoMmeM brAhmaNoMke dvArA jo nArAyaNa viSNuke sAtha vAsudevakA ekIkaraNa kiyA gayA use kyA bhAgavatoMne svIkAra kiyA yA jaise bauddhoMne buddhako viSNukA avatAra mAne jAne para bhI use svIkAra nahIM kiyA vaise hI bhAgavatoMne bhI use svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isa praznake samAdhAnake rUpameM unhoMne likhA hai ki IsApUrva dUsarI zatIke bhAgavata zilAlekhameM nArAyaNa viSNukA nAma na pAyA jAnA ullekhanIya hai| jinhoMne apane bhaktoMke dvArA Atithya pAyA vaha vAsudeva aura saMkarSaNa the, viSNu nArAyaNa nhiiN| ataH IsA pUrva dUsarI zatIke usa zilAlekhase nArAyaNapUjA aura vAsudeva-saMkarSaNakI saMskRtike bIcameM koI sambandha pramANita nahIM hotaa| gItAmeM, jise vaiSNava dharmakI prAcInatama pustaka mAnA jAtA hai, vAsudeva kahate haiM 'maiM AdityoMmeM viSNu

Page #164
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 139 / ' kintu usI taraha vaha yaha bhI kahate haiM ki maiM rudroMmeM zaMkara | upalabdha gItA meM vAsudevako kahIM bhI nArAyaNa nahIM kahA / (arlI hi0 vaiSNa0 pR0 106-110 ) / DA0 bhaNDArakarane likhA hai ki viSNu nArAyaNakI pUjA pahalese pracalita thii| pIche bhagavadgItAke vAsudevakA viSNu aura nArAyaNake sAtha ekIkaraNa kiyA gayA aura isa taraha Adhunika vaiSNava dharmakA udaya huA / (ka) va0 bha0, ji0 1, pR0 411 ) rain ukta vicAroMke phala svarUpa jo tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM ve isa prakAra haiM 1 - bhAgavatadharma, jo bAdako viSNu ke nAmapara baiSNava dharma kahalAyA, vAsudeva kRSNake dvArA upadiSTa huA, kintu isameM bhI abhI aikamatya nahIM hai / 2 - kRSNa vAsudevakA nArAyaNa viSNuke sAtha ekIkaraNa IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatI meM brAhmaNoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA jo sambhavatayA samrAT azokakI pratikriyAkA pariNAma thA / 3 - kintu isa ekIkaraNako IsvI pUrva taka bhAgavatoMne nahIM mAnA / 4 - bhAgavata dharma prArambha meM brAhmaNa dharmakA pratidvandI thA / mahAbhArata aura gItA sambandhase bhagavatagItA aura mahAbhArata yahA~ bhAgaana ke sambandha meM bhI kucha prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki

Page #165
140 je0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bhagavadgItAko bhAgavata dharmakA zrAdya grantha mAnA jAtA hai aura vaha mahAbhAratake antargata hai| ___ mahAbhAratako pAMcavAM veda mAnA jAtA hai aura cAroM vedoMkA saMkalana karanevAle veda vyAsako usakA racayitA mAnA jAtA hai| mahAbhAratake anusAra vedavyAsa mahAbhAratake nAyakoMke na kevala samakAlIna the kintu unake nikaTa sambandhI bhI the| kintu samasta vaidika sAhityameM mahAbhAratakA koI nirdeza nahIM hai, mahAbhAratake yuddha ke sambandhameM bhI veda eka dama mUka hai / hAM, brAhmaNa granthoMmeM kurukSetrakA nAma prAyaH AtA hai aura yajurveda se sambandhita sAhityameM kurupaJcAla aura kurupaJcAloMkA nirdeza bahutAyatase AtA hai| kintu samasta vedoMmeM pANDu aura pANDavoMkA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| hAM AzvalAyana gRhya sUtrameM bhArata aura mahAbhArata nAma AyA hai| pANinine yudhiSThira, bhIma, vidura mahAbhArata nAmoMkI vyatpatti Adi dI hai aura mahAbhASyakAra pataJjaline sarvaprathama kauravoM aura pANDavoMke yuddhakA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina tathA anya pramANoMke AdhArapara yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki IsA pUrva caturtha zatImeM bhArata yA mahAbhArata jaisI koI kRti avazya maujUda thii| aura IsvI pUrva caturtha zatIse lekara IsvI sankI caturtha zatI taka mahAbhAratakA kramazaH parivartana aura parivardhana hotA rahA aura guptoMke rAjya kAlameM use vartamAna rUpa milA, kAraNa usameM aneka sthAnoMpara hUNoMkA nirdeza hai| vahI saMkalana Aja hamAre sAmane vartamAna hai| yadyapi bAdakI zatAbdiyoMmeM bhI usameM choTe moTe parivartana aura parivardhana hote rahe haiN| ataH mahAbhAratakA koI eka niyata racanA kAla nahIM hai

Page #166
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 141 kintu usake pratyeka bhAga kA apanA apanA racanA kAla usakI sthiti dekhakara nirNita karanA hogA ( hi0 iM0li0, vinTara0 bhA0 9, pR0 474-475 ) / Adi parva ke prathama adhyAya meM vyAsa kahate haiM -- aSTau zloka sahasrANi STau zloka zatAni ca / zrahaM vedmi zuko vetti saJjayo veti vA na vA // 8 // arthAt mahAbhArata ke mUla zloka ATha hajAra ATha sau the una thor3ese zlokoMse hI mahAbhArata eka lAkha zlokoMkA bana gyaa| isameM mUla zloka kaunase haiM aura prakSipta kaunase haiM yaha khoja nikAlanA zakya hai / purAtatvavidoMkA mata hai ki prAcIna bhAratakA sAhityika kRtitva bahuta kucha brAhmaNa vargake hAthoMmeM rahA hai / unhoMne atharva veda ke prAcIna loka pracalita gItoMkA brAhmaNI karaNa kiyA aura upaniSadoMke darzanako, jo nizcaya ho unake liye eka dama aparicita aura virodhI jaisA thA apane buddhi cAturyase kisa prakAra mizrita kiyA, yaha tAttvikoMse chipA nahIM hai / yahI bAta mahAbhAratake sambandha meM bhI jAnanI cAhiye / jo vIra gAthA mUla meM vizuddha sArvalaukika thI, use unhoMne dhIre-dhIre apane rUpameM parivartita kara liyA / isIse mahAbhArata meM devI devatAoMkI aisI kahAniyA~ pAI jAtI haiM jo mUlataH brAhmaNa haiM / tathA prabodhaka bhAgoM meM brAhmaNa darzana, brAhmaNa AcAra aura brAhmaNa dharmakA vizeSa darzana milatA hai / unhoMne loka sammata AkhyAnako apane siddhAntoMke pracArakA mAdhyama banAyA aura usake dvArA 1 - hi0 iM0 li0 (vinTara 0 ), bhA0 1, pR0 122 aura 231 /

Page #167
142 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA apanA bala aura prabhAva bddh'aayaa| unhoMne usa prAcIna AkhyAnameM agaNita kathAe~ sammilita karadI jinameM brAhmaNoMke pUrvaja RSiyoM ke zrAzcarya janaka vRtAnta' varNita hai| unameM batalAyA hai 1-udAharaNa ke liye aika kathA yahAM dI jAtI hai zvetaki nAmake rAjAko yajJa karanekI bar3I dhuna savAra huI / Rtvija dhue~ se Ubakara yajJa chor3a bhAga gaye / unako anumatise dUsare Rtvija lAkara yajJa samApta kiyA gyaa| anantara zvetakine sau varSoM meM samApta honevAlA yajJa karanekA vicAra kiyaa| vaha brAhmaNoM ke paira par3A, unheM dAna diyA, para zvetakike yajJoMke liye koI brAhmaNa taiyAra na huaaa| unhoMne kruddha hokara kahA-hama thaka gaye haiM tuma rudrako hI bulAkara usase apanA yajJa krvaayo| taba usa rAjAne kailAsapara jAkara ugra tapa kiyaa| usase zivajIne prasanna hokara vara mAMgane ke liye kahA-zvetakine vara mAMgA-tuma hI mere yajJoM ke Rtvija bno| para mahAdeva taiyAra nahIM hue| unhoMne zvetakise bAraha varSa paryanta nirantara ghRtadhArAse agnipUjA karane ke liye kahA / zvetakike aisA karanepara mahAdeva prasanna hue aura unhoMne kahA-merA hI avatAra durvAsA RSi aba tumhAre yajJoMkA Rtvija bnegaa| tadanusAra zvetakine yajJakI taiyArI kii| mahAdevane durvAsAko bhejA / bahuta bar3A yajJa huaaa| usase agniko vikAra ho gyaa| usane brahmA ke pAsa jAkara usakA ilAja pUchA / brahmAne kahA-bAraha varSa ghRtAhuti khAneke kAraNa tumheM yaha roga huA hai aura khANDava vanake sAre prANiyoMkI cIM khAnese tumhArA yaha roga acchA ho jaaygaa| agni khANDava vana jalAnA prArambha karatAthA ora indra use bujhA detA thA / aisA sAta bAra huaa| taba agni Rddha hokara brahmAke pAsa gayA / brahmAne use kRSNArjunake pAsa bhejA / agni brAhmaNa vezameM kRSNArjunase milA aura apanI tRpti ke liye unase kucha maaNgaa| unhoMne pUchA-kauna-sA

Page #168
143 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa ki yajJoM aura saMnyAsake prabhAvase una RSiyoMne devatAoM taka para prabhutva prApta kiyA aura jaba ve aprasanna hue to unake zApa se rAjAoMkA to kahanA hI kyA, devatAoMkA svAmI indra bhI kampita ho uThA / (hi i0 li. (vinTara0 ) bhA0 1, pR0 318-116) mahAbhAratameM viSNukA itanA prAdhAnya hai ki use dekhakarake aisA lagatA hai ki yaha viSNu pUjAke uddezase likhI gayI koI dhArmika pustaka hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki viSNu aura zivakI pUjAko lakSyameM rakhakara prAcIna brAhmaNa kathAoMko parivartana bhI kiyA gayA hai / ye parivartana dhyAna dene para spaSTa rUpase lakSyameM A jAte haiM / yahA~ yaha batalA denA ucita hogA ki mahAbhAratameM ziva sambandhI kathAe~ bhI haiM / astu, gItAke sambandhameM bhI vidvAnoMkA prAyaH yahI mata hai ki mahAbhAratakI taraha gItA bhI hameM apane mUla rUpameM nahIM milI, isameM bhI kAlakramase parivartana aura parivarddhana hue haiM / kucha vidvAnoMkA vicAra hai ki gItA mUlameM bahu devatAvAdI ( Pantheistic ) thI pIchese viSNuke anuyAyioMne use ekezvaravAdameM parivartita kara anna cAhiye ? usane kahA-mujhe anna na cAhiye, para yaha khANDava vana khAneko cAhiye / indra usakI rakSA karatA hai isase maiM use khA nahIM sakatA / mere sulagate hI pAnI barasA detA hai / kRSNArjunane bar3I taiyArI karake khANDava vanako jalAnA prArambha kiyaa| usa samaya khANDava vanake prANiyoMkI kaisI sthiti huI, isakA bhayAnaka varNana 228 veM adhyAyase AyA haiM / aise saMkaTa ke samayameM vanakeprANI indrakI zaraNa meM gaye / indrane ekadama pAnI brsaayaa| arjunane varSAko rokaneke liye bANoMse aAkAzako AcchAdita kara diyA /

Page #169
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA diyA / kintu yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki aneka virodhoMke rahate hue bhI gItAkA antaH vAtAvaraNa zuddha ekezvaravAdI hai ( Thiestic ) / gItAkA Izvara eka vyakti hai jo mAnava rUpase apane bhaktoMkI bhakti cAhatA hai / 1 mUla bhArata grantha meM bhagavadgItA ke astitvako lekara adhikAMza khojI vidvAnoMko sandeha hai / DA0 vinTara nITaskA kahanA hai ki yaha kalpanA karanA kaThina hai ki koI paurANika AkhyAnakA racayitA kavi yuddha bhUmimeM apane vIranAyakoMke bIca meM 650 zlokoMke dvArA dArzanika vicAra vinimaya kraayegaa| yaha saMbhava hai ki kavine mUla meM ajuna aura sArathi kRSNake bIca meM thor3IsI bAtacIta karAI ho aura Age calakara usIko AjakA rUpa mila gayA ho / ( vinTa0 hi0 i0 li0 bhA0 1, pR0 430 ) bhagavadgItAko bhAgavatoMkA mUla grantha mAnA jAtA hai / isameM sAkhya matakI bhUmikApara niSkAma karmake sAtha bhakti mArgakI zikSA dI gaI hai| 144 DA0 rA0 go0 bhaNDArakara gItAko IsvI pUrva caturtha zatAbdI bAkI nahIM mAnate (vai0 zai0 pR0 13 ) / anya bhI kucha vidvAnoM kA aisA hI mata hai / (hi0 i0 li0 (vinTara0) bhA0 1, pR0 438 pA0 Ti0 ) IsAkI sAtavIM zatIke vidvAn bANa kaviko mahAbhArata ke aMza rUpa meM gItA jJAta thI / tathA upaniSad vedAnta sUtra aura gItA yaha trayI zaMkarAcArya ke darzanakI AdhAra hai / ataH isa bAta kI bahuta kucha saMbhAvanA hai ki IsvI sanakI Arambhika zatAbdiyoM meM gItAko vartamAna rUpa prApta huA ho / gItA avalokanase mAlUma hotA hai ki kuru kSetrake maidAna meM jaba kaurava ra pANDavoMkI senAeM Amane sAmane DaTa gaI taba

Page #170
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 145 arjunake mana meM yaha prazna uThA ki apane hI sambandhiyoMko kaise mArA jAye aura vaha gANDIva DAlakara baiTha gyaa| taba kRSNane use upadeza dekara yuddha ke liye pravRtta kiyaa| ataH yuddhase virata ajunako yuddhameM pravRtta karanA hI gItAkA uddezya hai / yuddhake maidAnameM bandhu bAndhavoMke vinAza tathA yuddhake duSpariNAmoMse bhIta kSatriya putra arjunake yuddhase virata honekI ghaTanAko yadi eka rUpaka mAna liyA jAye to kahanA hogA ki hatyAke bhayase bhIta kSatriya putroMko svakarmameM nirata karaneke liye hI gItAkI sRSTi huI hai| jarA prArambhameM arjunakA kathana par3ha jaaiye| vaha kahatA hai-'he kRSNa ! yuddha karanekI icchAse ekatra hue ina svajanoMko dekhakara mere gAtra zithila ho rahe haiM, mukha sUkha rahA hai, zarIra kAMpatA hai, gANDIva hAthase girA jAtA hai, mujhase khar3A nahIM rahA jAtA' (gI0 a0 1, zlo0 28-30) / ye saba kAyaratAke cinha haiN| __Age arjuna kahatA hai-he janArdana ! ina kauravoMko mArakara hamArA kauna sA priya hogA / yadyapi ye AtatAyI haiM to bhI inako mAranese hamako pApa hI lgegaa| ( manune aise AtatAiyoMko tatkAla jAnase mAra DAlanekA vidhAna karate hue kahA hai ki isameM koI pApa nahIM hai manu0 8-350 ) / isake bAda arjunane yuddhase honevAle kulakSayake aneka duSpariNAma batalAte hue kahA-yadi maiM niHzastra hokara pratikAra karanA chor3a dU aura zastradhArI kaurava merA vadha karadeM to merA adhika kalyANa hogA (gI0 a0 1 zlo0 46) / yaha na bhUlanA cAhiye ki mahAbhAratakA yuddha na kevala eka hI rASTra aura eka hI dharmake logoMke bIcameM huA thaa| kintu eka

Page #171
146 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hI kuTumbake bIca hI huA thA aura guruvadha, mitravadha aura kula kSayake bhayase arjuna bhIta ho uThA thaa| taba dayAviSTa A~khoMmeM AMsU bhare arjunase zrIkRSNa bole-he arjuna ! yaha anArya logoMke dvArA AcaraNIya, asvayaM ( svargase vimukha karane vAlA) aura AkIrtikara (apayaza phailAne vAlA) yaha kazmala tere kahA~se A gyaa| aisI kAyaratA ThIka nhiiN| ityAdi / yaha nizcita hai ki jaina dharmake antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura bauddha dharmake saMsthApaka buddhake pazcAt hI mahAbhArata aura gItA race gaye haiN| ye donoM kSatriya the aura donoMne sAMsArika sukhoMse virakta hokara saMnyAsa mArgako grahaNa kiyA thaa| vaidika dharmameM sanyAsakA koI sthAna nahIM thA, vaha to kevala kriyAkANDI thaa| ___ upaniSadoMke tattva jJAnako apanAne ke sAtha hI vaidika dharmameM bhI saMnyAsakA praveza huA / kintu yadyapi advaita brahmajJAnake sAtha sAtha saMnyAsa dharmakA pratipAdana upaniSadoMmeM kiyA gayA to bhI ina donoMkA nitya sambandha vahA~ nahIM btlaayaa| ataH yaha Avazyaka nahIM thA ki advaita vedAntako svIkAra karanepara saMnyAsa mArgako bhI avazya svIkAra karanA hI cAhie / upaniSadoMse yahI vyakta hotA hai| rAjya tyAgakara saMnyAsa mArgako apanAnekI paramparA prAcIna kAlase hI kSatriyoM meM pracalita rahI hai| ataH kSatriya apanA kartavya karma lor3akara saMnyAsa mArgako na apanAyeM unheM isIse mukti prApta ho jAyagI, gItAke dvArA gItAkArako yahI batalAnA abhISTa jAna par3atA hai| ___ lokamAnya tilakane apane gItA rahasyameM likhA hai-'jaba mahAbhAratake yuddhameM honevAle kulakSaya aura jJAtikSayakA pratyakSa dRzya pahale pahala AMkhoMke sAmane upasthita huA taba arjuna

Page #172
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 147 apane kSAtra dharmako tyAgakara saMnyAsako svIkAra karaneke liye taiyAra ho gayA thaa| aura usa samaya usako ThIka mAgepara lAneke liye zrI kRSNane vedAnta zAstrake AdhArapara yaha pratipAdana kiyA ki karma yoga hI adhika zrIyaskara hai| karma yogameM buddhi hI kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / isaliye brahmAtmaikya jJAnase athavA paramezvara kI bhaktise apanI buddhiko sAmyAvasthAmeM rakhakara usa buddhike dvArA svadharmAnusAra saba karma karate rahanese hI mokSakI prApti hotI hai, mokSa pAneke liye isake sivA anya kisI bAtakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isa prakAra upadeza karake bhagavAnane arjunako yuddha karanemeM pravRtta kara diyaa| gItAkA yahI yathArtha tAtparya hai (gI. ra0 pR0506)| - anyasthalapara unhoMne likhA hai-"sAmpradAyika TIkAkAroMne karmayogako gauNa ThaharAkara gItAke jo aneka prakArake tAtparya batalAye haiM ve yathArtha nahIM haiM / kintu upaniSadoMmeM varNita advaita vedAntakA bhaktike sAtha melakara usake dvArA bar3e bar3e karmavIroMke caritroMkA rahasya yA unake jIvanakramakI upapatti batalAnA hI gItAkA saccA tAtparya hai| mImAMsakoMke anusAra kevala zrauta smArta karmoMko sadaiva karate rahanA bhalehI zAstrokta ho, to bhI jJAnarahita kevala tAMtrika kriyAse buddhimAna manuSyakA samAdhAna nahIM hotA, aura yadi upaniSadoMmeM varNita dharmako dekheM to vaha kevala jJAnamaya honeke kAraNa alpabuddhivAle manuSyoM ke liye atyanta kaSTa sAdhya hai| isake sivA eka bAta aura bhI hai ki upaniSadoMkA saMnyAsamArga lokasaMgrahakA bAdhaka bhI hai ( gI0 20 pR. 470) / gItAkI upalabdha TIkAoMmeM sabase prAcIna TIkA zaMkarAcArya kI hai, unhoMne tathA anya bhI TIkAkAroMmeM saMnyAsa mArgakA prati

Page #173
148 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA pAdana kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki kabhI na kabhI saMnyAsa Azrama ko svIkAra kara samasta sAMsArika karmoMko chor3e binA mokSa nahIM mila sakatA / aura bhagavAga zrI kRSNake manameM bhI saMnyAsa mArga hI zreSTha hai / kintu zrI tilakakA mata isake viruddha hai / ve likhate he-'yaha mata vaidika dharmameM pahale pahala upaniSatkAroM tathA sAMkhyavAdiyoM dvArA pracalita kiyA gayA ki duHkhamaya tathA nissAra saMsArase nivRtta hue binA mokSakI prApti nahIM ho sktii| isake pUrva kA dharma pravRtti pradhAna arthAt karmakANDAtmaka hI thaa| parantu yadi vaidika dharmako chor3a anya dharmoM kA vicAra kiyA jAye to yaha mAlUma hogA ki unameMse bahutoMne Arambhase hI saMnyAsa mArgako svIkAra kara liyA thA / udAharaNArtha jaina aura bauddhadharma pahale hI se nivRtti pradhAna haiM (gI0 ra0 pR0 462 ) / jaina aura bauddha dharmake pravartakoMne kApila sAMkhyake matako svIkAra kara isa matakA vizeSa pracAra kiyA ki saMsArako tyAga kara saMnyAsa liye binA mokSa nahIM miltaa|......ydypi zrI zaMkarAcAryane jaina aura bauddhoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathApi jaina aura bauddhoMne jisa saMnyAsa dharma kA vizeSa pracAra kiyA thA use hI zrauta smArta saMnyAsa kahakara AcAryane kAyama rakhA aura unhoMne gItAkA ityartha bhI aisA nikAlA ki vahI saMnyAsa dharma gItAkA pratipAdya viSaya hai| parantu vAstavameM gItA smArta mArgakA grantha nahIM, yadyapi sAMkhya yA saMnyAsa mArgase hI gItAkA prArambha huA hai to bhI Age siddhAMta pakSase pravRttipradhAna bhAgavata dharma hI usameM pratipAdita hai / (gI. ra0 pR0 342) / sArAMza yaha hai ki lokamAnya tilaka gItAko karma yoga arthAt pravRtti mArgakA grantha mAnate haiM, tathA zaMkarAcArya Adi

Page #174
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 149 TIkAkAroMne jo apanI TIkAtroMmeM gItAmeM saMnyAsa mArgakA prati pAdana kiyA. use nivRttimArgI jaina dharma aura bauddha dharmakA prabhAva mAnate haiM / jaisA ki hama Upara likha Aye haiM gItAke nirmANakA mUla uddezya kSatriyako apane kSatriya karma yuddhase virata na karake yuddhameM pravRtta karanA hai| aisA grantha mUlameM nivRttimArgI nahIM ho sktaa| hA~ usameM jo nivRtti mArgakI carcA AI hai vaha sAmayika prabhAva ho sakatA hai| kSatriyoMmeM arthAta gItA racanA jisa kAla meM huI usa samaya nivRttimArgakA prabhAva honA cAhiye / jise kama karaneke uddezyase hI gItAkI racanAkI gaI jAna par3atI hai| gItAke anuyAyioMkI aisI sAmpradAyika mAnyatA hai ki upaniSadoMkA dohana karake svayaM gopAla nandana zrI kRSNane gItAkI racanA kI hai| kintu prAcIna upaniSadoMmeM mAnya chA0 u0 meM devakI putra kRSNakA nirdeza AtA hai, jisase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki upaniSadoMkI racanA zrI kRSNake bAda kI hai| ataH upaniSadoMkA dohana karake gItAko racanekA zreya zrI kRSNako to nahIM diyA jA sktaa| kintu gItAke avalokanase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki usakI racanA upaniSadoMke AdhArapara hI kisI ne kI hai| yaha pahale likha Aye haiM ki upaniSadoM' kA rukha vedoMke prati 1 muNDakopaniSadameM ( 1-2-17 ) kahA haiiSTApUrta manyamAnA variSTha nyAyacche yo vedayante pramUDhAH / nAkasya pRSThe te sukRte'nubhUtvemaM lokaM hInataraM vA vizanti // 'iSTApUrta hI zreSTha hai, yaha mAnanevAle mUDha loga svargameM puNyakA upayoga karake phira nIceke manuSya lokameM Ate haiN|' IzAvAsya (6-12) aura kaTha upaniSadoM ( 2-5 ) meM bhI isI DhaMgakI nindA kI gaI hai /

Page #175
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA AsthA pUrNa nahIM hai / gItAmeM bhI yahI bAta lakSita hotI hai| gItA (a0 2, zlo042-46 ) meM likhAhai-he pArtha! vedoMke vAkyoMmeM bhUle hue yaha kahane vAle mUDha loga ki isake atirikta dUsarA kucha nahIM hai, bar3hAkara kahA karate haiM ki aneka prakArake yAgAdikase punarjanma rUpa phala milatA hai aura bhoga tathA aizvarya milatA hai svargake pIche par3e hue ye kAmya buddhi vAle loga-ullikhita kathana kI ora hI unake pana AkarSita ho jAnese bhoga aura aizvaryameM garka rahate haiN| isa kAraNa unakI vyavasAyAtmaka buddhi samAdhi meM sthira nahIM rhtii| he arjuna ! veda traiguNyakI bAtoMse bhare par3e haiM / isa lie tU triguNoMse atIta, nitya satvastha aura sukha duHkha Adi dvandoMse alipta ho, yoga kSema Adi svArthoM meM na par3akara AtmaniSTha ho| cAroM ora pAnIkI bAr3ha AjAnepara kue~kA jitanA prayojana raha jAtA hai utanA hI prayojana jJAna prApta brAhmaNa ko karma kANDa rUpa vedakA rahatA hai|" isa taraha vedakI nindA karake bhI Age tIsare adhyAyameM anna yajJa karanekA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / likhA hai-parantu jo ( yajJa na karake ) kevala apane liye hI anna pakAte haiM ve pApI loga pApa bhakSaNa karate haiN| prANI mAtrakI utpatti annase hotI hai, anna parjanya-mebase utpanna hotA hai, parjanya yajJase utpanna hotA hai aura yajJakI utpatti karmase hotI hai| (a0 3, zlo0 13-14 ) / kintu Age (gI0, a0 4, zlo0 33 ) punaH likhA haidravyamaya yajJakI apekSA jJAnamaya yajJa zreSTha hai| isa taraha vaidika yajJoMke prati gItAkA bhAva upaniSadoM ke anurUpa hote hue bhI gItAmeM jJAna yajJake sAtha yajJako bhI vidheya batalAyA hai| adhyAtmaka jJAnakA to gItAmeM saMgraha hai hii| phira bhI upaniSadoMse gItA

Page #176
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 151 meM apanI kucha vizeSatAe~ haiN| gItA meM kapilake sAMkhya zAstrako mahatva diyA gayA hai, jaba ki bRhadAraNyaka aura chAndogya upanipadoM meM sAMkhya prakriyAkA nAma bhI nahIM dekha pdd'taa| hAM, kaTha Adi upaniSadoM meM avyakta mahAn ityAdi sAMkhya zabda avazya dekhane meM zrAte haiN| kintu gItA meM sAMkhya ke siddhAnta jyoMke tyoM nahIM liye gaye haiM / triguNAtmaka avyakta prakRtise vyakta sRSTikI utpatti honeke viSayameM sAMkhyake jo siddhAnta haiM ve gItAko bhI mAnya haiM, kintu prakRti aura puruSa svataMtra nahIM haiM. ve donoM eka hI parabrahmake rUpa haiM / isa taraha gItA meM upaniSadoMke advaita matake sAtha dvaitI sAMkhyoMke sRSTiutpattikramakA mela pAyA jAtA hai / kintu upaniSadoM kI apekSA gItAkI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA to vyaktopAsanA yA bhakti mArga hai, kyoMki vyakta mAnava dehadhArI IzvarakI upAsanA prAcIna upaniSadoM meM nahIM dekha pdd'tii| loka mAnya tilakane likhA hai - "upaniSatkAra isa tattvase sahamata haiM ki avyakta aura nirguNa parabrahmakA Akalana honA kaThina hai, isaliye mana, AkAza, sUrya, agni, yajJa Adi saguNa pratIkoM kI upAsanA karanI cAhiye / parantu upAsanA ke liye prAcIna upaniSadoM meM jina pratIkoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, unameM manuSya dehadhArI paramezvara ke svarUpakA pratIka nahIM batalAyA gayA ( gI0 20, pR0 528 ) kintu upaSidoMmeM varNita vedAnta kI dRSTise vAsudeva bhaktikA maNDana karanA hI gItAke pratipAdanakA eka vizeSa bhAga hai| 1 isake liye gItAkA nauvA~ adhyAya dRSTavya hai / isameM bhagavAna kahate haiM - he arjuna ! aba maiM tujhe guhyase bhI guhya jJAna batalAtA hU~, jisake jAna lenese tU pApase mukta hogA |......is para Jain Educationa International " For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #177
152 ___ jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA zraddhA na rakhanevAle puruSa mujhe nahIM pAte, ve mRtyu yukta saMsArake mArgameM bhaTakate rahate haiM ||......maiN saba bhUtoMkA mahAn Izvara hUM kintu mUr3ha loga mere svarUpako nahIM jaante| ve mujhe mAnava tanudhArI samajhakara merI avahelanA karate haiM ||11||..Rtu maiM hI hUM, yajJa maiM hI hU~. svadhA arthAt zrAddha meM pitaroMko arpaNa kiyA huA anna maiM hU~ auSadha maiM hU~, maMtra maiM hU~, ghRta agni aura Ahuti maiM hI hU~ // 16 // isa jagatakA pitA mAtA dhAtA pitAmaha mai hUM, jo kucha pavitra yA jo kucha zreya hai vaha aura oMkAra, Rgveda, sAmaveda tathA yajurveda bhI maiM huuN|| 17 // sabakI gati, sabakA poSaka, prabhu, sAkSI, nivAsa, zaraNa, sakhA, utpatti, pralaya, sthiti, nidhAna, aura avyaya bIja maiM hUM // 18 // he arjuna ! maiM uSNatA detA hUM, maiM pAnIko rokatA aura barasAtA hUM, amRta aura mRtyu, sat aura asata bhI maiM hU~ // 16 // jo traividya arthAt Rk, yaju aura sAmavedoMke karma karane vAle, somapAna karanevAle, niSpApa puruSa yajJase merI pUjA karake svargalokakI icchA karate haiM, ve puNyase indralokameM pahuMcakara svargameM devatAoMke divya bhoga bhogate haiM / / 20 // aura usa vizAla svargalokakA upabhoga karake puNyakA kSaya ho jAnepara manuSya lokameM Ate haiN| isa prakAra trayodharmake pAlanevAle aura kAmya upabhogakI icchA karanevAloMko AvAgamana prApta hotA hai // 21 // jo ananya niSTha loga merA cintanakara mujhe bhajate haiM, una nitya yogayukta puruSoMkA yoga kSema maiM karatA hUM // 22 // he kaunteya ! jo bhI anya devatAoMke bhakta loga zraddhAyukta hokara bhajana karate haiM ve bhI vidhipUrvaka na honepara bhI merA hI bhajana karate haiM // 23 // kyoMki saba yajJoMkA bhoktA aura svAmI maiM huuN| kintu ve tattvataH mujhe nahIM jaante| isaliye ve gira jAyA karate haiM // 24 ||........jo mujhe bhaktise patra, puSpa,

Page #178
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 153 phala athavA jala arpaNa karatA hai, maiM usa prayatAtmAkI bhakti bheTako grahaNa karatA hUM / / 26 / / he kaunteya ! tU jo kucha karatA hai, jokhAtA hai, homa havana karatA hai, jo dAna karatA hai aura jo tapa karatA hai, vaha saba mujhe arpaNa kara // 27 // isa prakAra karanese koMke zubha-azubha phalarUpa bandhanoMse tU mukta rahegA aura saMnyAsa karaneke isa yogase muktAtmA hokara mukta ho jAyegA tathA muktameM mila jAyagA / / 28 / / maiM sabako eka-sA huuN| na mujhe koI dveSya arthAt apriya hai aura na koI priya / jo bhaktise merA bhajana karate haiM ve mujhameM haiM aura maiM bhI unameM hUM / / 26 // bar3A durAcArI hI kyoM na ho, yadi vaha mujhe ananya bhAvase bhajatA hai to use sAdhu hI samajhanA cAhiye kyoMki usakI buddhi ThIka rahatI hai / / 37 // vaha jaldI dharmAtmA ho jAtA hai aura sadA zAnti pAtA hai| he kaunteya ! tU khUba samajha le, merA bhakta naSTa nahIM hotA // 31 // kyoMki he pArtha! merA Azraya pAkara striyA~, vaizya, aura zUdra jo pApayoni hoM ve bhI parama gati pAte haiM // 32 / / phira mere bhakta brAhmaNoM aura rAjarSiyoM-kSatriyoMkI to bAta hI kyA hai // 33 // isa adhyAyase jo bAteM prakAzameM AtI haiM ve isa prakAra haiM 1 prathama to bhagavAnane ( jo sAmpradAyika mAnyatAnusAra zrI kRSNa svayaM haiM) isa adhyAyameM varNita apane svarUpako atyanta gopya batalAyA hai| yadi thor3I derake liye yaha mAna liyA jAye ki isa adhyAyameM varNita bAteM svayaM zrIkRSNane kahIM haiM to kahanA hogA ki apanI bhagavattA ke rahasyakA prathama udghATana svayaM unhoMne hI kiyA, anya loga to unheM manuSya mAnakara unakI avahelanA hI karate the| aisI sthitimeM jabaki anya loga unheM

Page #179
154 mAnavamAtra mAnate the- apanI bhagavattAke rahasyako atyanta guhya batAnA ucita bhI thA, nahIM to arjuna socatA ki zrIkRSNa mahArAja to Aja 'dUnakI hAMka' rahe haiN| aura yadi zrIkRSNa ne apaneko sarvazaktisampanna bhagavAna na batalAyA hotA to arjunakA tathokta vyAmoha zAyada hI dUra hotA; kyoMki gItAke adhyayanase prakaTa hotA hai ki arjunako zrIkRSNakI sarvazaktimattAne hI vizeSa prabhAvita kiyA / jai0 0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA mAnavatanadhArI kSatriya vyaktikI aisI sarvazaktimattAkA varNana gItAke pUrvake vaidika sAhitya meM to hai hI nahIM, jaina bauddha Adi jina dharmoko bhautika aura svargIya devatAoMke sthAnameM mAnavakI pratiSThA karane kA zreya prApta hai, unameM bhI mahAvIra buddha Adi mAnavIya paramezvaroMkI zaktimattAkA aisA rUpa nahIM pAyA jAtA / gItAkA mAnavatanadhArI kSatriya zrIkRSNa kyA nahIM hai, vaha svayaM veda hai, jagatakA kartA hartA hai, puNya pApase mocana karanevAlA hai, sarva yajJoMkA bhoktA hai, aura sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha patra puSpa se hI santuSTa ho jAtA hai, usake liye yajJa jaisA bahuvyaya sAdhya prayoga karanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / durAcArI pAtakI bhI usakI bhaktise pAra ho jAte haiM, vaidika yugameM jina vaizya, strI aura zUdroMko veda zravaNa karanekA bhI adhikAra nahIM thA, ve bhI kRSNa bhaktise uttama gati prApta karate haiM / prAcIna vaidika dharmase gItAke isa dharma meM kitanA antara hai ? kyoMki vaidika dharmakA prAcIna svarUpa na to bhakti pradhAna, na to jJAna pradhAna aura na yoga pradhAna hI thA kintu vaha yajJamaya thA / vaidika AkhyAnake anusAra prAcInakAla meM vizvAmitra nAmake

Page #180
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 155. eka kSatriya rAjAne rAjyAsanakA parityAga karake brahmarSitva prApta karaneke liye banavAsa svIkAra kiyA thaa| isake pUrva parazurAma aura sahasrArjuna ke samaya se brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM meM eka lambA aura marmabhedI jhagar3A hotA calA AtA thA aura donoM meM se pratyeka samUha dUsare ke Upara apanA prabhutva sthApita karaneke liye prayatnazIla thA / kintu usake bAda jaba niyama meM sudhAra huA to brAhmaNoMne vizvAmitrako brahmarSiyoM meM tathA sarvocca vaidika RSiyoMmeM sammilita kara liyA tathA unheM saptarSiyoMmeM sthAna diyA aura vizvAmitra apane lakSyako prApta karaneke liye jisa gAyatrI maMtrakA nirmANa tathA prayoga kiyA thA use samasta vaidika maMtroMse zaktizAlI aura vaidika zikSaNakA sArabhUta mAna liyA gayA / ukta AkhyAnase spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoMke bIca meM prabhutvako lekara kitane hI sudIrgha kAla taka jhagar3A calA aura brAhmaNoMne eka kSatriya rAjAko brahmarSi pada denA svIkAra nahIM kiyA / kintu antameM unheM apanI haTako chor3anA par3A / sambhayatayA ukta ghaTanA ke bAdase hI brAhmaNoMne kSatriyoMko prabhutva denA svIkAra kiyA / upaniSadoM aura prAcIna jaina tathA bauddha sAhityase patA calatA hai ki kSatriyoMmeM kitanA bauddhika svAtaMtrya thA aura unhoMne jJAnake kSetrameM bhI ucca sthAna prApta kiyA thA / upaniSadoM kI AtmavidyA to unhIM kI dena hai / kintu uttara kAla meM kSatriya apanI usa sthitiko kAyama nahIM rakha sake aura brAhmaNoMne apanA prabhutva sthApita kara liyA / yadyapi yaha prabhutvasthApana kSatriya zrIkRSNakI meM hI kiyA gayA / kintu unhoMne use viSNukA pUrNa avatAra mAnakara aura use hI veda tathA yajJa kahakara vismRta tathA upekSita vaidika yajJoMko bhI viSNuke rUpa meM punarujjIvita

Page #181
156 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA karanekA prayatna kiyA, aura isa taraha jo loga jaina aura bauddha dharmake pracArase prabhAvita hokara udhara AkRSTa hote the unheM apane meM hI roka rakhanekA prayatna kiyA gyaa| gItAke mukhya pratipAdya vAsudeva bhaktike mUlameM upaniSadoMse mela na khAnevAlI jo bAteM pAI jAtI haiM, yadi jaina aura bauddha dharmoke mUla AdhAroMke sAtha unakI tulanA karake dekhA jAye to bhAgavata dharmakI sthApanAmeM ukta dharmoMkA prabhAva parilakSita honA svAbhAvika hai| jaina dharmake sabhI tIrthaGkara kSatriya the aura naratanadhArI the / bauddha dharmake saMsthApaka buddha bhI kSatriya aura mAnava the| vaidika dharmameM bhautika aura svargIya devatAoMko jo sthAna prApta thA vahI sthAna jaina dharmameM mAnava tIrthaGkarako aura bauddha dharmameM buddhako prApta thaa| jainatIrthaGkara aura buddha donoMne rAjyAsanakA moha tyAgakara saMnyAsa dhAraNa kiyA aura pUrNa jJAna lAbha karake apane-apane dharmakA upadeza diyaa| unakA upadeza sabake liye thaa| brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra, strI, sabhI use na kevala sunaneke adhikArI the, kintu AcaraNa karaneke bhI adhikArI the| tIrthaGkara aura buddhako apane jIvanakAla meM hI rAjagharAnoM, brAhmaNoM tathA janasAdhAraNake dvArA vaisI hI pratiSThA prApta huI jaisI devatAoMko prApta thii| donoMne yaha udghoSita kiyA ki mAnava, mAnava rahakara bhI devatva prApta kara sakatA hai aura usakA mArga hai, ahiMsA / isa tyAga tapasyA aura sulabha upadezane sabhIko AkRSTa kiyaa| vaidika dharmameM ye saba bAteM nahIM thIM, vahA~ to eka varga vizeSakA prabhutva thaa| ataH ina dharmoMke bar3hate hue prabhutvako rokaneke liye eka aise dharmakI AvazyakatA thI jisameM ukta saba bAtoMke sAtha apanI kucha

Page #182
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa ___ 157 vizeSatA bhI surakSita ho| usI AvazyakatAkA AviSkAra gItokta bhAgavata dharma hai| ___ usameM kSatriya zrIkRSNako bhagavAnakA avatAra mAnakara mAnavatanadhArI IzvarakI sRSTikI gii| aura unheM aisA prabhutva diyA gayA jo kisI tIrthaGkara yA buddhako tInoM kAloMmeM bhI prApya nhiiN| gItAke zrIkRSNa svayaM bhagavAna haiN| mahAbIra aura buddhakI taraha rAjya sukha chor3akara pravrajyA dhAraNa karake bhagavAna bananeke liye kucha prayatna karanekI unheM AvazyakatA nhiiN| tIrthaGkara aura buddhane pUrNa jJAna lAbha karake upadeza diyaa| kintu bhagavAna to sadAse hI pUrNajJAnI haiM ataH unhoMne binA hI usake upadeza diyaa| magara vaha upadeza janasAdhAraNako na dekara apane bhakta ajunako diyA aura vaha bhI yuddhasthalameM diyaa| yaha isa dharmakI apanI vizeSatA hai, kyoMki eka to vaidika dharmameM saMnyAsa mArgakA Adara nahIM thA, dUsare jo kSatriya apane kSatriyabandhu mahAbIra aura buddhake tyAga mArgase AkRSTa hokara use apanAte the unheM rokanA bhI thaa| tIsare, bhaktapara bhagavAnako kRpAkA pradarzana bhI karanA thA, cauthe sabake liye dharmako sulabha rakhaneke sAtha hI sAtha vaidika saMskAroMmeM palI gopyatAkA bhI saMrakSaNa karanA thaa| hamArA ukta kathana korI kalpanA nahIM hai kintu bhAratake itihAsajJoM aura dArzanikoMkA bhI yahI mata hai| dIvAna bahAdura kRSNa svAmI AyaMgarane likhA hai- "usa samaya eka aise dharmakI AvazyakatA thI jo brAhmaNa dharmake punarnirmANa kAlameM bauddha dharmake viruddha janatAko prabhAvita kara sktaa| usake liye eka mAnava devatA aura usakI pUjAvidhikI AvazyakatA thii|'-aishiyNtt iM0, pR0 528) / prasiddha itihAsajJa ojhAjIne likhA hai-'bauddha aura jaina dharmake pracArase vaidika dharmako bahuta hAni phuNcii|

Page #183
158 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA itanA hI nahIM, kintu usameM parivartana karanA par3A aura vaha naye sA~ce meM Dhalakara paurANika dharma bana gyaa| usameM bauddha aura jainoMse milatI dharma sambandhI bahuta-sI naI bAtoMne praveza kiyaa|' (rAja. iti0, pra0 mA pR0 10-11) ___ DAkTara rAdhAkRSNanane likhA hai-'jaba janatA kI AdhyAtmika cetanA upaniSadoMke kamajora vicArase, yA vedoMke dikhAvaTI devatAoMse tathA jainoM aura bauddhoMke naitika siddhAntoMke saMdigdha AdarzavAdase santuSTa nahIM ho sakI, to punarnimANane eka dharmako janma diyA, jo utanA niyamabaddha nahIM thA tathA upaniSadoMke dharmase adhika santoSaprada thaa| usane eka saMdigdha aura zuSka Izvarake badale meM eka jIvita mAnavIya paramAtmA diyaa| bhagavadgItA, jisameM kRSNa viSNuke avatAra tathA upaniSadoMke parabrahma mAne gaye haiM, paMcarAtra sampradAya aura zvetAzvara tathA arvAcIna upaniSadoMkA zaivadharma isI krAntike phala haiN| (iM0 phi0, ji0 1, pR0 275-276) / sara rAdhAkRSNanne gItA dharmakI utpattikA kAraNa dhArmika asantoSa batalAyA hai, jo ucita hI hai / kintu upaniSadoMke vicAra aura vedoMke dikhAvaTI devatAoMke sAtha jo jaina dharma aura bauddha dharmako bhI sammilita kara liyA hai vaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ina donoM dharmoMse to vaidika dharmAnuyAyioMkA santoSa ho hI nahIM sakatA thaa| inhIMkI pratikriyAke phala svarUpa to unheM eka saMdigdha aura zuSka Izvara ke badale meM jIvita mAnavIya paramAtmA mila sakA hai| ataH jaina aura bauddha dharmake bar3hate hue prabhAvako naSTa karaneke lie uttara kAlameM zaMkarAcAryane jo mArga apanAyA, vahI mArga pUrvakAlameM gItAke racayitAne bhI apnaayaa| saMnyAsa mArgakI prabalatAkA kAraNa batalAte hue loka

Page #184
156 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa mAnya tilakane likhA hai-'sanyAsa mArgakI prabalatAkA kAraNa yadi zaMkarAcAryakA smArta sampradAya hI hotA to Adhunika bhAgavata sampradAyake rAmAnujAcArya apane gItA bhASyameM zaMkarAcAryakI hI nAI karma yogako gauNa nahIM mAnate / parantu jo karmayoga ekabAra tejIse jArI thA vaha, jabaki bhAgavata sampradAyameM bhI nivRtti pradhAna bhaktise pIche haTA jiyA gayA hai taba to yahI kahanA par3atA hai ki usake bichar3a jAneke lie kucha aise kAraNa avazya upasthita hue hoMge jo sabhI sampradAyoMko athavA sAre dezako eka hI samAna lAgU ho sake / hamAre matAnusAra inameMse pahalA aura pradhAna kAraNa jaina evaM bauddha dharmoMkA udaya tathA pracAra hai; kyoMki inhIM donoM dharmoMne cAro vargoM ke lie saMnyAsa mArgakA daravAjA khola diyA thA aura isalie kSatriya vargameM bhI saMnyAsa dharmakA vizeSa utkarSa hone lagA thaa|......shaalivaahn zakake lagabhaga chaH sAta sau varSa pahale jaina aura bauddha dharmake pravartakoMkA janma huA thA aura zaMkarAcAryakA janma zAlivAhana zakake 600 varSa anantara huaa| isa bIcameM bauddha yatiyoMke saMghoMkA apUrva vaibhava saba loga apanI AMkhoMke sAmane dekha rahe the| isalie yati dharmake viSayameM unalogoMmeM eka prakArakI cAha tathA Adarabuddhi zaMkarAcAryake janmake pahale hI utpanna ho cukI thii| zaMkarAcAryane yadyapi jaina aura bauddha dharmokA khaNDana kiyA hai tathApi yati dharmake bAremeM logoMmeM jo Adara buddhi utpanna ho cukI thI usakA unhoMne nAza nahIM kiyA, kintu usIko vaidikarUpa de diyA aura bauddha dharmake badale vaidika dharmakI saMsthApanA karaneke lie unhoMne bahuta se prayatnazIla saMnyAsI taiyAra kiye / ....... ina vaidika saMnyAsiyoM ke saMghako dekha usa samaya aneka logoMke manameM zaMkA hone lagI thI ki zAMkara matameM aura bauddha matameM kyA aMtara hai ? pratIta hotA

Page #185
160 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hai ki prAyaH isI zaMkAko dUra karaneke lie chAndogyopaniSadake bhASyameM AcAryane likhA hai ki 'bauddha yatidharma aura sAMkhya yati dharma donoM vedavAhya tathA khoTe haiN| evaM hamArA saMnyAsa dharma vedake AdhArase pravRtta kiyA gayA hai. isalie yahI saccA hai| (gI* ra0, pR0 500-501) ___ ataH jaise zaMkarAcAyane jaina aura bauddha yatiyoMke prati janatA kA Adara bhAva dekhakara una dharmoko padacyuta karaneke liye vedAMta dharmameM bhI saMnyAsa mArgako apanAyA aura use vedake AdhArase pravRtta huA batalAyA, jaba ki veda saMhitA aura brAhmaNoMmeM yajJa yAgAdi karmapradhAna dharmakA pratipAdana hai, vaise hI gItAke racayitA ne bhI jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM mAnava rUpa devatvakI pratiSThA aura janatAke prati unakA Adara bhAva tathA vaidika devatAoMkI apratiSThA dekhakara eka mAnava rUpadhArI paramezvarakI sRSTi karanA ucita smjhaa| gItAkI racanAse pUrva yamunAke taTapara vAsudevakI bhakti pracalita thI yaha pANinIke ullekhase spaSTa hI hai| ataH use hI uttarakAlameM viSNukA rUpa dekara ukta AvazyakatA kI pUrti kara dI gii| aura cUki hiMsApradhAna vaidika yajJoMke prati janatAkI atyanta vitRSNA ho cukI thI aura unako punarujjIvita karanA zakya nahIM thA, ataH zrI kRSNako hI veda aura yajJa rUpa batalAkara davyamaya yajJase jJAnamaya yajJako zreSTha btlaayaa| avatAravAda avatAravAdake siddhAntako spaSTa rUpase avatarita karanekA zreya bhI gItAko hI hai| gItAmeM kahA hai-'jaba dharmakI hAni aura adharmakA utthAna hotA hai, taba maiM janma letA huuN|| tathA sAdhuoMkI rakSAke liye aura duSToMke nigrahake lie evaM dharmakI sthApanAke lie

Page #186
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 161 maiM pratyeka yugameM avatAra letA hUM, yahI avatAravAda hai| isake sambandhameM zrI e0 bArtha (ri0 iM0, pR0 166-170 ) ne likhA hai-'yathArthameM avatAroMkI mAlAmeM gUthe gaye devatAko, jo vaidika dharmake devatAoMkI taraha kevala bhAvAtmaka nahIM haiM kintu Thosa dravya haiM, ucca vyaktitvasampanna haiM, adhika kyA mAnava hai, pUjanekI pravRtti calAkara brAhmaNoMne purAnI samasyAko naI zailImeM hala kara liyA / ' mi0 bArtha ke anusAra avatAravAdakA janma janatAmeM phaile hue asantoSakA pariNAma thaa| vaidika devatA jahA~ prAkRtika vyaktiyoMke rUpa the vahA~ bhAvAtmaka bhI the upaniSadoMkA brahmavAda to zuddha bhAvAtmaka thaa| bhAvAtmaka vastuse jana sAdhAraNakA paritoSa nahIM hotaa| use kucha Thosa vastu bhI cAhiye jo mUrta rUpa bhI ho| jisakI mAta banAkara pUjA vagairaha kI jA ske| itanI vizeSatAoMke sAtha yadi vaha mAnavarUpa bhI ho to kahanA hI kyA hai? " asalameM zrI kRSNako paramezvara mAnanA aura avatAravAdakA siddhAnta ye do alaga alaga tattva nahIM haiN| kyoMki avatAravAda kA siddhAnta svIkAra karane para hI kSatriya zrI kRSNako paramezvarakA avatAra mAnA jA sakatA hai| phira jaba yaha kahA gayA ki maiM pratyeka yugameM avatAra letA hU~, taba to zrI kRSNake sivAya anya avatAroMko mAnanA bhI Avazyaka thaa| ___ adhikAMza vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki IsAse tIna sau varSa pUrva vAsudeva kRSNa viSNuke avatAra mAne jAne lage the| aura unake avatArakI bAta calaneke bAda bAkI avatAra bhI viSNuke hI avatAra mAne jAne lge| yadyapi brAhmaNa granthoMmeM avatAravAdakI bhAvanA pAI jAtI hai / zatapatha brAhmaNameM likhA hai ki prajApatine matsya kUrma aura varAhakA avatAra liyA thA, kintu viSNuke ava 11

Page #187
162 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pITikA tArakI gandha bhI nahIM hai / sambhavatayA ukta bhAvanAko hI lekara avatAravAdake siddhAntako avatarita kiyA gayA / cUMki avatAravAdake siddhAntakA avatAra eka samasyAko hala karaneke liye huA thA aura usa samasyAko hala karane ke do upAya the - eka ucca vyaktitva sampanna mAnavakI paramezvarake rUpameM pratiSThA, dUsare anya dharmomeM pUjita honevAle mahApuruSoM athavA viziSTa vyaktiyoM ko bhI usI eka apane paramAtmAkA aMza mAnakara apane avatAroMkI mAlA meM gUMthanA, jisase udhara AkRSTa honevAle strI-puruSa una vyaktiyoM ko bhI usI eka viSNukA aMzAvatAra mAnakara viSNuke pUrNAvatArakI ora hI AkRSTa hoM tathA unakI dRSTi meM pUrNAvatArI zrIkRSNakI tulanA meM una viziSTa vyaktiyoMkI pratiSThA kama ho jAye / Ajake samanvayavAdI vyaktiyoMkI dRSTi se yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki saba dharmoM ke mahApuruSoMkA samanvaya karaneke liye aisA kiyA gayA. kyoMki gItAke nauveM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki jo bhI anya devatAoMke bhakta loga zraddhAyukta hokara bhajana karate haiM ve bhI merA hI bhajana karate haiM / kintu usa samanvaya meM bhI vahI dRSTi kArya karatI hai| usIke phalasvarUpa jainoMke RSabha deva, sAMkhyoMke kapila aura bauddhoM buddhako viSNu avatAroM meM sthAna diyA gayA / yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki jaina dharmameM 24 tIrthaMkara aura bauddha dharma - 5 buddha mAne gaye haiM / buddhake nirvANake pazcAtse hI bauddha 25 buddhoMko mAnate Aye haiM / isI taraha jainoM meM caubIsa tIrthaGkaroMkI mAnyatA bhI ati prAcIna hai aura digambara aura vetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM isa viSaya meM aikamatya hai | kintu hindU avatAroMkI saMkhyA meM kramika vikAsa huA hai /

Page #188
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 163 sabase adhika avatAra saMkhyA 22-23 zrImadbhAgavatameM milatI hai / usakA racanAkAla IsvI sAtavIM zatI hai / ataH hindU avatAroMkI saMkhyA para bhI jaina-bauddha prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / jaina purANoMmeM zrI kRSNa jisa taraha hindU purANoMmeM RSabha devakA ullekha hai usI taraha jaina purANoM meM zrI kRSNakA na kevala ullekha hai kintu vistRta carita bhI varNita hai aura usake varNanakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina anuzruti ke anusAra zrI kRSNa 22 veM jaina tIrthaGkara zrI neminAtha ke cacere bhAI the / tathA jaina dharmake 63 zalAkA puruSoM meM se the| isIse jaina purANoMmeM zrI kRSNake prati prAyaH vaisA hI Adara bhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai jaisA zrImadbhAgavata meM kiyA gayA hai / kintu unheM mAnava rUpa meM paramAtmA nahIM mAnA / neminAtha aura zrIkRSNa, donokA janma yadukula meM huA thA / unake prapitAmahakA nAma zUra thA aura pitAmahakA nAma thA andhakavRSNI / zUrane mathurA ke nikaTa sauripura nAmaka nagara kI sthApanA kI thii| sauripura nareza zrandhakavRSNi ke dasa putra the / unameM se bar3e putrakA nAma samudra vijaya thA / andhakavRSNine apane bar3e putra samudra vijayako rAjya dekara jinadIkSA dhAraNa kara lI / unake sabase choTe putra kA nAma vasudeva thA / vaha apane bar3e bhAI samudra vijayake anuzAsana meM rahatA thA aura aneka kalAoM meM pAraGgata thA / gAyana aura vAdanakalA meM vaha itanA nipuNa thA ki jaba vaha gAtA thA to usake manohara svara aura rUpase AkRSTa hokara nagarakI nAriyA~ apanA-apanA kAma chor3akara usake cAroM ora ekatra ho jAtI thIM /

Page #189
164 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA eka bAra pramukha nAgarikoMne rAjA samudra vijayase isa bAtakI zikAyata kI aura samudra vijayane vasudevako mahalase nikalanekI manAI kara dii| eka dina avasara pAkara vasudeva mahalase nikala gayA, aura deza-dezAntaroMmeM ghUmatA huA eka bAra eka yuddha meM sammilita huA vahA~se samudra vijaya use lauTA laaye| lauTanepara vasudevakA paricaya kaMsase huaa| kaMsa ugrasenakA putra thaa| daivajJoMke dvArA kaMsako amaMgala sUcaka batalAne para ugrasenane usakA janma hote hI parityAga kara diyA thA aura eka vaNikne usakA pAlana kiyA thaa| ekabAra jarAsaMdhane samudravijayako apane eka zatrupara AkamaNa karanekI AjJA dii| samudra vijayane kaMsake sAtha vasudevako adhInatAmeM eka senA bhejii| kaMsane zatruko pakar3akara vasudevake sAmane upasthita kiyA / vasudeva use jarAsandhake pAsa le gyaa| jarAsandhane prasanna hokara mathurAkA rAjya tathA apanI putrI vasudevako denA caahii| kintu vasudevane asvIkAra karate hue kaMsako usa pAritoSikakA adhikArI btlaayaa| aura jarAsaMdhane kasake sAtha apanI putrIkA vivAha karake use mathurAkA rAjya de diyaa| ___ bhAgavata sampradAyake granthoM meM ukta ghaTanAoMkA saMketa nahIM hai| kintu ina ghaTanAoMke varNanameM satyakI kucha aisI chApa hai jo vidvAnoM ko yaha vizvAsa dilAneke liye prerita karatI hai ki jaina loga ukta ghaTanAoMkI jAnakArIke sambandhameM koI svataMtra jariyA rakhate the, aura yaha bAta jinasenakRta harivaMza purANakI utthAnikAse pramANita hotI hai| jinasenane apane harivaMza 1 dekho bhANDA0 iM0 patri0, ji0 23, pR0 120 /

Page #190
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 165 purANakI utthAnikAmeM likhA hai ki maiMne apanA yaha harivaMza carita pUrvAcAryoMke dvArA praNIta granthoMke AdhArase likhA hai| ataH yaha AkSepa, ki jainoMne apane purANa hindU purANoMke AdhArapara ghar3e haiM, avazya hI bhrama pUrNa, aura nirAdhAra hai| balki katipaya aitihAsika tathyoMke sambandhameM hindU purANoMkI apekSA jaina purANa adhika vizvasanIya aura vizeSa sUcaka haiN|' ( bhAM0, iM0 patrikA, ji0 23, pR0 120 ) / 22veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha jaina purANoMke anusAra sauripurameM samudravijayake ariSTanemi nAmakA eka putra huaa| usase prathama samudravijayake laghubhrAtA vasudevake vAsudeva zrIkRSNakA janma ho cukA thaa| jarAsandhake AkramaNake bhayase yAdavagaNa zauripura chor3akara dvArakAmeM jA bse| usake pazcAt yuvA honepara zrIkRSNane jarAsandhakA vadha kiyA aura digavijaya karake ardhacakritva pada prApta kiyaa| idhara neminAtha bhI yuvA ho cle| __eka dina rAjasabhAmeM saba yAdava upasthita the| eka siMhAsana para zrIkRSNa aura neminAtha bhI virAjamAna the| sabhAmeM vIratAkI carcA cala par3I aura taba saba apane apane balakA pradarzana karane lge| neminAthane bhI apane balakA pradarzana kiyA, jisase zrIkRSNa. ke cittameM neminAthakI orase zaMkA utpanna ho gii| tabataka neminAtha avivAhita the aura koI bhI kanyA unakA mana AkRSTa nahIM kara sakI thii| - ekabAra vasaMta Rtuma saba yAdavagaNa bana bihArake liye gye| apanI patniyoMke sAtha zrIkRSNa bhI isa AnandotsavameM

Page #191
166 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sammilita hue aura ve neminAthako bhI sAtha le gaye / zrIkRSNakI rAniyoMne apane patikA saMketa pAkara apane devara neminAthako ghera liyaa| vanakrIDAke pazcAt jalakrIr3A Arambha huii| jalakrIDAke antameM neminAthane apane gIle vastra utArakara zrIkRSNakI rAnI jAmbavantIse dhoneke liye khaa| isa para jAmbavantI bigar3akara bolI, mere pati zrIkRSNa itane parAkrama zAlI aura vIra haiM, ve bhI mujhe aisI AjJA nahIM dete| ___ apanI bhAvajake isa tAnese kSubdha hokara kumAra neminAthane zrIkRSNake pAJcajanya zaMkhako phuukaa| usakI dhvani sunakara zrIkRSNa bhI vismayase abhibhUta ho gaye, aura neminAthase isakA kAraNa pUchA / taba unheM jJAta huA ki jAmbavantIke tAnese kSubdha hokara kumArane aisA kiyA hai| isa ghaTanAke pazcAt hI zrIkRSNane kumAra neminAthake pANigrahaNa karAnekA vicAra kiyaa| aura bhojavazakI kanyA rAjImatIke sAtha vivAha honA taya kiyaa| vivAhakI taiyAriyAM ho rahI thii| tabhI ekadina nemi sajadhajakara aneka rAjakumAroMke sAtha banakrIr3Ake liye gaye / vahA~ eka sthAna para bahutase pazuoMko baMdhA huA dekha kara unhoMne sArathise pUchA ki ye pazu kisa liye banda haiN| sArathine kahA-Apake vivAhameM sammilita hue mAMsabhojI narezoMke liye| ___isa duHkhada saMvAdane neminAthake manako dravita kara diyA aura ve mokSa lakSmIke varaNake lie lAlAyita ho utthe| samIpa sthita urjayanta ( girinagara ) parvatapara jAkara unhoMne pravrajyA dhAraNa karalI / aura kaivalya pada prApta karake muktikA mArga batalAne lge| bahutase manuSya unake anuyAyI aura ziSya bana gye| ___eka dina vasudeva balabhadra aura kRSNake sAtha bhagavAna narezaisa duHkhad varaNa ke liera jAkara

Page #192
167 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa neminAthakI vandanAke lie gaye aura unako namaskAra karake samavasaraNameM baiTha gaye / upadeza zravaNa karaneke pazcAt baladevane bhagavAnase prazna kiyA-nAtha ! yaha hamArI nagarI dvArikApurI kyA isI prakAra surakSita rahegI yA samudrameM DUba jAyego ? kRSNake jIvanakA anta kaise hogA ? merI isase gaharI mamatA hai| ___ bhagavAna bole-Ajase bArahaveM varSa meM madyapAnake nimittase dvIpAyana munike krodhase dvArikApurIkA vinAza hogaa| aura vanameM sote hue zrI kRSNakA anta jarat rAjakumArake nimittase hogaa| ____ bhagavAnakI isa vANIko sunakara jaratkumAra bahuta duHkhI huA aura kuTumbakA parityAga karake aise dezako cala diyA jahAM zrI kRSNase usakA samAgama hI na ho sakatA ho / aura zrI kRSNa ne samasta dvArikA purImeM madyapAnapara pratibandha lagAnekI ghoSaNA kara dI tathA samasta madya aura madyapAtra eka parvatakI gufAke pAsa sthita kuNDameM phikavA diye| bArahaveM varSako bItA jAnakara dvIpAyana muni dvArikA nagarI ke bAhara sthita parvatapara Akara Thahare aura tapameM nimagna hogaye / udhara kucha yAdava kumAra vanameM krIr3A karaneke liye Aye / unhoMne pyAsase pIr3ita hokara kuNDameM pheMkI huI purAnI madirAkA pAna kara liyaa| madirAne apanA prabhAva dikhlaayaa| ve yAdava kumAra madonmatta hokara nAcane gAne lge| acAnaka unakI dRSTi dvIpAyana munipara jA pdd'ii| 'yahI dvIpAyana hamArI dvArikAko naSTa karaMgA / ise hameM mAra DAlanA caahiye|' yaha socakara ve unmatta yAdava kumAra use pattharoMse mArane lge| pattharoMkI coTase Ahata honepara dvIpAyanakA krodha jhar3aka uThA, bhra kuTiyA~ tana gaI, vaha dAMtose oSTha kATane lgaa|

Page #193
168 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA yaha dekhate hI yAdava kumAroMkA nazA utara gayA aura ve bhAga kara dvArikAmeM Aye / kisIne jAkara baldeva aura zrI kRSNase yaha samAcAra khaa| donoM bhAI dvArikAkA vinAzakAla AyA jAna daur3e daur3e dvIpAyanakI zaraNameM Aye aura kSamA mA~gane lge| roSase kSubdha dvIpAyanane kevala do aMguliyoMke dvArA yaha sUcita kiyA ki tuma donoM zeSa bcaage| usake pazcAt dvArikA bhasma ho gii| baldeva aura zrIkRSNane logoMke ArtanAdase pIr3ita hokara samudra ke pAnIse Agako bujhAnekI ceSTA kI / kintu jalane telakA hI kAma kiyaa| dvArikA bhasmase zeSa bace donoM bhAI atyanta vyathita cittase dakSiNa dizAkI ora cala diye| mArgameM thakakara zrI kRSNa eka vRkSake nIce leTa gaye aura baladeva pAnI leneke lie cale gye| zrI kRSNakA samasta zarIra pItAmbarase AchAdita thA aura bAMye ghuTanepara dakSiNa paira rakhA huA thaa| usa vanameM zikArake liye Aye hue jaratkumArakI dRSTi usapara pdd'ii| sote hue zrI kRSNako usane hariNa samajhakara apanA bANa calA diyaa| bANa zrI kRSNake paira meM lgaa| bANase pIr3ita zrI kRSNane jisa dizAse bANa AyA thA, usa dizAko lakSyakara U~ce svarameM kahA-jisa akAraNa vairIne merA paira chedA hai vaha apanA nAma aura kula batalAye; kyoMki ajJAta nAma-kulavAle manuSyako raNameM na mAranekI merI pratijJA hai| ___ yaha sunakara jaratkumAra ne kahA-maiMvasudevakA putra aura zrIkRSNakA bhrAtA huuN| apane nimittase zrI kRSNakI mRtyu jAnakara bAraha varSa se isI vanameM bhramaNa karatA rahA huuN| Ajase pUrva maiMne kisI manuSyako isa vanameM nahIM dekhA, Apa kauna haiM ?

Page #194
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 169 yaha sunate hI zrI kRSNane bar3e premase pukArA aura jaratkumAra bhI dhanuSavANa pheMkakara zrI kRSNake caraNoMmeM vilApa karane lgaa| zrI kRSNane use samajhAte hue kahA-baladeva pAnI leneke lie gaye haiN| unake lauTaneke pUrva hI tuma yahA~ se cale jAo / anyathA vaha tumheM jIvita na chodd'eNge| __ jaratkumArake jAte hI zrI kRSNane tIvra vedanAse pIr3ita hokara prANa tyAga kiyaa| zrIkRSNa aura neminAthakA yaha saMkSipta vRttAnta donoMke jIvanakrama tathA mArgapara prakAza DAlaneke lie paryApta hai / neminAtha nivRttimArgI the aura zrI kRSNa pravRttimArgI / neminAtha apane vivAhake nimittase honevAlI pazu hiMsAke kAraNa na kevala vivAha se hI virakta hue, kintu saMsArase hI virakta hogaye / kintu zrI kRSNa anta taka pravRttizIla rahe-samasta yAdavoMkA vinAza honepara bhI unhoMne nivRtti mArgako nahIM apnaayaa| ataH yadi unheM bhAgavata dharmakA saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai to spaSTa hI bhAgavata dharma pravRttimArgI hai| ___DA0 kItha ( ja. rA0 e0 so0 1615, pR0 842-843 ) tathA maikanikala (iM0 thIjma, pR0 63 ) ne zrI kRSNa pUjAkA prabhAva jaina dharmapara batalAyA hai| DA. kIthakA kahanA hai ki mahAvIrake janmakI kathA zrI kRSNake janmakI kathAse lI gaI hai| isa saMbandhameM hama bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambandhameM likhate samaya prakAza ddaaleNge| jahA~ taka bhaktivAdakA saMbandha hai, hameM yaha svIkAra karane meM saMkoca nahIM hai ki zrI kRSNakI bhaktikA prabhAva jaina dharmapara bhI par3A hai aura usase jaina dharmakA bhaktiprabAha vikRta aura virUpa huA hai|

Page #195
170 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA neminAthakI aitihAsikatA hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki chA0 upa0 meM devakIputra zrIkRSNakA nirdeza hai, jo ghora AMgirasake ziSya the| AGgirasa RSine devakI putra zrIkRSNa ko kucha naitika tattvoMkA upadeza diyA jinameM ahiMsA bhI hai / upaniSadoM ko hI saba dharmoMkA mUlAdhAra mAnane vAloMkA kahanA hai ki yahIMse jainoMne ahiMsA tatvako grahaNa kiyA / (arlI hi0 vaiSNa0, pR0 123 ) / zrI dharmAnanda kauzAmbIne ( bhA0 saM0 zra0, pR0 38 ) - 'ghora AMgirasa ke neminAtha honekI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai kyoMki jaina granthakAroM ke anusAra zrIkRSNake gurU neminAtha tIrthaGkara the / zrIkauzAmbI jIkI ukta saMbhAvanA meM koI tathya dRSTigocara nahIM hotA kyoMki ghora AMgirasa aura neminAthake eka vyakti honekA sUkSmasA bhI AbhAsa nahIM milatA / kintu chA0 u0 ke ullekhase itanA vyakta hotA hai ki zrIkRSNa ko kisIne ahiMsAkA upadeza diyA thaa| jainoMke anusAra vaha vyakti neminAtha thA jisane pazuhiMsA ke pIche na kevala vivAha hI nahIM kiyA, api tu saMsAra kohI chor3a diyA / prasiddha itihAsajJa DA0 rAya caudharIne apane 'vaiSNava dharmake prAcIna itihAsa meM neminAthako zrIkRSNakA cacerA bhAI likhA hai kintu unhoMne isase adhika jaina granthoMmeM varNita neminAtha ke jIvana vRttAntakA koI upayoga nahIM kiyA / isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki apane ukta pranthameM DA0 rAya caudharIne zrIkRSNa ke aitihAsika vyakti honeke sambandha meM upalabdha pramANoMkA saMkalana kiyA hai / ataH unakI dRSTi vizeSarUpase usI ora rahI hai /

Page #196
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 171 katipaya videzI vidvAnoMne DA0 rAya caudharIke matase prabhAvita hokara zrIkRSNa vAsudevako aitihAsika vyakti mAnA hai, kintu neminAthako aitihAsika ,vyakti mAnanekI ora unakA koI jhukAva nahIM hai| ___ pI0 sI0 dIvAna ne apane lekhameM ( bhAM0 iM. patrikA, ji0 23, pR0 122 ) isake do kAraNa batalAye haiM-prathama, jaina granthoMke anusAra neminAtha aura pArzvanAthake bIcameM 84000 varSakA antara hai| dUsare, hindU purANoMmeM isa bAtakA nirdeza nahIM hai ki vasudevake samudravijaya nAmaka bar3e bhAI the aura unake ariSTanemi nAmakA koI putra thaa| prathama kAraNake sambandhameM zrI dIvAnakA kahanA hai ki hameM yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki hamAre vartamAna jJAnake liye yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki jaina granthakAroMke dvArA eka tIrthaGkarase dUsare tIrthaGkarake bIca meM sudIrghakAlakA antarAla kahane meM unakA kyA abhiprAya hai isakA vizleSaNa kara skeN| kintu kevala isI kAraNase jaina granthoMmeM varNita ariSTa. nemike jIvana vRttAnta ko, jo ati prAcIna prAkRta granthoMke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai, dRSTise aojhala kara denA yuktiyukta nahIM hai| __ dUsare kAraNakA spaSTIkaraNa sarala hai| bhAgavata sampradAyake granthakAroMne apane paramparAgata jJAnakA utanA hI upayoga kiyA jitanA zrIkRSNako paramAtmA siddha karaneke liye Avazyaka thaa| jaina granthoM meM aise aneka aitihAsika tathya varNita hai. jaisA ki Upara dikhAyA hai, jo bhAgavata sAhityake varNanameM nahIM milate / isake sivA atharvaveda ke mANDkya , prazna aura muNDaka upaniSadoMmeM ariSTanemikA nAma AyA hai|

Page #197
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva adhyAya 146 meM viSNusahasra nAmameM do sthAnoM para 'zUraH zaurirjanezvaraH' pada AyA hai / yathA 172 'azokastAraNastAraH zUraH zaurirjanezvaraH ||50 // 'kAlanemi nahA vIraH zUraH zaurirjanezvaraH // 82 // ' ina donoM meM jo antima caraNa hai vaha dhyAna dene yogya hai / vikrama samvatkI 19 vIM zatIke Arambha meM jayapura meM paM ToDaramala nAmake eka jaina vidvAna ho gaye haiN| unhoMne apane mokSamArga prakAza nAmaka granthameM nIceke zlokArddhako uddhRta kiyA hai / usameM 'jinezvaraH' pATha pAyA jAtA hai| dUsarI ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki isameM zrIkRSNako 'zauri' likhA hai| AgarA jile meM baTezvara ke pAsa zauripura nAmaka sthAna hai| jaina granthoMke anusAra prArambha meM yahIM yAdavoMkI rAjadhAnI thI / jarAsandhake bhayase yAdava loga yahIM se bhAgakara dvArikApurImeM jA base the| yahIM para neminAthakA janma huA thA / isaliye unheM zauri' bhI kahA hai aura ve jinezvara to the hii| hindu purANoM meM zauripura ke sAtha yAdavoMkA koI sambandha mere dekhane meM nahIM AyA / ataH mahAbhA'rata meM zrIkRSNako 'zauriH' likhanA vicAraNIya hai / mahAbhArata ke kisI saMskaraNa se maiMne eka zlokakA saMgraha kiyA thA, vaha zloka nimna prakAra hai revatAdrau jino RSINAmAzramAdeva muktimArgasya nemiyugAdirvimalAcale kAraNam // prabhAsa purANa meM yaha zloka milatA hai / isameM girinAra parvatapara nemi jinakA ullekha kiyA hai aura unheM mokSamArgakA kAraNa batalAyA hai| 1 -

Page #198
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 173 skanda purANake prabhAsa khaNDameM kucha zloka isa prakAra haiM bhavasya pazcime bhAge vAmanena tapaH kRtam / tenaiva tapasAkRSTaH zivaH pratyakSatAM gataH // padmAsanaH samAsInaH zyAmamUrtidigambaraH / neminAthaH zivo'thaivaM nAma cakre'sya vAmanaH // kalikAle mahAghore, sarvapApapraNAzakaH / darzanAt sparzanAdeva koTiyajJaphalapradaH // arthAt - apane janmake pichale bhAgameM vAmanane tapa kiyaa| usa tapake prabhAvase zivane vAmanako darzana diye / ve ziva zyAmavarNa, nagna digambara aura padmAsanase sthita the / vAmanane unakA nAma neminAtha rkkhaa| yaha neminAtha isa ghora kalikAlameM saba pApoMkA nAza karanevAlA hai| unake darzana aura sparzanase karor3oM yajJoMkA phala hotA hai| jaina neminAthako kRSNavarNa mAnate haiM aura unakI mUrti bhI anya jaina mUrtiyoMke anusAra digambara aura padmAsana rUpameM sthita hotI hai / ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki neminAthakI zyAmavarNa padmAsanarUpa jaina mUrtiko zivakI saMjJA de dI gaI hai| kyoMki zivakA yaha rUpa nahIM hai| isIse kalikAla meM use sarva pApAMkA nAzaka mAnA hai| vidvAnoMse yaha bAta ajJAta nahIM hai ki kalikAlake bahAnese brAhmaNoMko aneka purAnI vaidika rItiyoMko tyAganA par3A hai aura aneka naye tattvoMko svIkAra karanA par3A hai| jAna par3atA hai neminAthakI mUrtikI zivake rUpameM upAsanA bhI usIkA phala hai| Aja bhI badrInAthameM jaina mUrti badrI vizAlake rUpameM pUjI jAtI hai| brAhmaNa dharmakI yahI to vizeSatA hai| vaha anya dharmake

Page #199
174 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA tattvoMko apanemeM isa DhaMgase pacAtA AyA hai ki kAlAntarameM ve tattva usake aise abhinna aMga bana gaye ki mAnoM ve usIke mUla tattva haiM aura jisa dharmake ve mUla tattva the, usa dharmane una tattvoMko brAhmaNa dharmase liyA hai| vaidika kAlase lekara paurANika kAla takake sAhityakA bArIkIse anvekSaNa karanese yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| udAharaNake liye upaniSadoMke tattvajJAnako hI le leN| vaha vaidika AryoMkI dena nahIM haiN| kintu use unhoMne isa tarahase apanAyA mAno vaha vedakA hI eka aMga hai| isI taraha upaniSadoMke pazcAt mahAbhArata aura purANoMkA saMvaddhana karake unheM isa rUpameM grathita kiyA ki jisa samaya jisako prabhAvazAlI pAyA usako apanA hI aMga banA liyA aura isa taraha usa ora AkRSTa honevAlI janatAko udhara jAnese roka liyaa| itanA hI nahIM, yadi apane sAhityameM dUsare dharmoke anukUla koI bAta dikhAI dI to usakA sammAna kara diyA / yathA-jinezvarako janezvara aura jinako jana kara diyaa| yA usa aMzako prakSipta karAra dekara naye saMskaraNameMse nikAla diyA, ityaadi| aisI paristhiti meM vAstavika prAcIna sthitikA digdarzana karA sakanA zakya nahIM hai / phira bhI upalabdha vaidika sAhityake sivAya jaba koI chAnya avalambana na ho to usIko AdhAra banAkara calanA hI par3atA hai| kyoMki upalabdha jaina sAhitya vaidika sAhitya jitanA prAcIna nahIM hai yaha spaSTa hai / aura bauddha sAhitya jaina sAhityakA samakAlIna hI hai| ataH gatyantarakA abhAva honese vaidika sAhityako hI lekara khoja bIna karanA par3atA hai aura usa khoja bInase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki jaina dharma jina mUla tattvoMko apanAye hue hai, ve mUla tattva Rgvedase

Page #200
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa bhI prAcIna haiM aura sindhughATI sabhyatA taka unakI paramparA jAtI hai| dravir3a sabhyatA aura jaina dharma hama pichale pRSThoMmeM likha Aye haiM ki Rgvaidika kAlase hI bhAratameM do vibhinna vicAra dhArAe~ pravAhita hotI huI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| eka dhArA hai vaidika saMskRtikI aura dUsarI dhArA hai veda virodhI, jise vidvAnoM ne dravir3a vicAradhArA yA dravir3a saMskRti mAnA hai| prAcIna dravir3a bar3e susaMskRta aura sabhya the| aura unakI apanI sabhyatA thii| sindhughATIse pUrabakI ora bar3haneke pazcAta dhIre-dhIre vaidika dharmane jo hindU dharmakA rUpa le liyA. usakA eka pramukha kAraNa vaidika AryoM para dravir3a vicAra dhArAkA prabhAva bhI thaa| dravir3a loga AryoMke devatAoM aura purohitoMko pasanda nahIM karate the| isIse RgvedameM unheM dAsa, dasyu aura asura batalAyA hai / jaba brAhmaNoMne dekhA ki ve loga lar3abhir3akara bhI vaza meM nahIM Ate to antameM unhoMne dravir3oM ke kucha devatAoMko mAna liyaa| isase unheM dravir3oMkI sahAnubhUti milI aura ve dhIre-dhIre vaidika AryoMke parivartita dharmakI sImAmeM Ane lge| ___ apanI sabhyatAke sarvocca unnata kAlameM una dravir3oMkA kyA dharma thA, yaha tathya Aja bhI andhakArameM haiN| kintu sindhughATIse prApta avazeSoMke prakAzameM vaidika AryoMke devatAoM ke sAtha Adhunika hindU devatAoMkI tulanA karake yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki ziva aura durgA dravir3a devatA haiN| tathA prAcIna dravir3a loga yogakI prakriyAse bhI paricita the| 1-trIhi0 i0, pR0 12 ! hi0 phi0 I0 ve0, ji0 1, pR0 1 /

Page #201
176 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA prAcIna dravir3oM aura vaidika AryoMke dharmakA mizraNa honepara dravir3a devatAoMkI pUjA Arya aura dravir3a donoM karane lge| kintu donoMkI pUjAvidhimeM bheda thaa| isa mizraNake phalasvarUpa anAya jAdUgara aura dravir3a pujero brAhmaNoMmeM sammilita ho gaye aura dhIre-dhIre anArya jAtiyA~ bhI apane Arya honekA dAvA karane lgii| tathA dravir3a loga eka tarahase yaha bhUla hI gaye ki ve bhAratameM Aye hue vaidika AryoMse bahuta adhika prAcIna sabhyatAke uttarAdhikArI honekA dAvA kara sakate haiM aura unake pUrvaja Arya devatAoMko nahIM pUjate the| (prIhi0 i0 pR0 32-38) / ye dravir3a loga vaidika AryoMse bhinna the isa liye unheM anaArya kahA gayA hai| kintu jyoM-jyoM bhAratameM vaidika AryoMkA prabhAva bar3hatA gayA tyoM tyoM 'Arya' zabda zreSThatAkA vAcaka banatA gayA aura anArya' zabda mleccha kaa| phalataH pratyeka zreSThatvAbhimAnI apaneko Arya aura apane virodhIko anArya yA mleccha kahane lgaa| jaina sAhityameM brAhmaNoMko sAkSara mleccha kahA hai aura hindU purANoMmeM jaina dharmako daityadAnavoMkA dharma kahA hai| ____ padmapurANake prathama sRSTi khaNDameM jainadharmakI utpatti kathA isa prakAra dI hai- eka sthAna para daitya tapa karate the| vahA~ digambara yogIkA bheSa dhAraNa karake mAyA moha pahuMcA aura bolA-daityoM! tuma yaha tapa kisa liye karate ho ? dAnavoMne kahA-paralokameM sukha prAptike liye| taba mAyA moha bolAyadi mukti cAhate ho to Ahata dharmako dhAraNa kro| yaha muktikA dvAra hai| mAyAmohake samajhAnepara daityoMne vaidika dharma chor3akara Ahata dharma dhAraNa kiyaa|

Page #202
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 177 viSNu purANa adhyAya 17-18 meM bhI lagabhaga aisI hI kathA hai, jo isa prakAra hai-eka bAra devoM aura asuroMmeM yuddha huaa| deva hAra gaye aura asura jIta gye| hAre hue deva viSNu bhagavAnakI zaraNameM pahuMce aura prArthanA karane lage ki mahArAja ! koI aisA upAya batalAiye, jisase hama asuroM para vijaya prApta kara skeN| devoMkI prArthanA sunakara viSNu bhagavAnane apane zarIrase eka mAyAmoha nAmakA puruSa utpanna kiyA aura devatAoMse kahA-yaha mAyAmoha apanI mAyAse una daityoMko mohitakara veda mArgase bhraSTa kara degA / taba ve daityagaNa Apake dvArA mAre jA skeNge| taba ve hadevagaNa usa mAyAmoko lekara usa sthAnapara gaye jahA~ asura loga tapa karate the| usa mAyAmohane narmadAke kinAre tapasyA karate hue una mahA asuroMko dekhakara digambara sAdhukA bheSa dhAraNa kiyaa| vaha zarIrase nagna thA usakA sira mur3A huA thA, aura hAthameM mayUrake paMkhoMkI pIchI thii| vaha una daityoMse mIThI bANImeM bolA-tuma loga yaha tapa aihika phalakI icchAse karate ho yA paraloka sambandhI phalakI icchA se ? taba asura bole-hama paralokake sukhakI icchAse tapa karate haiM Apa hamase kyA cAhate haiM ? mAyAmoha bolA-mukti cAhate ho to merA kahanA maano| tuma Ahata dharma dhAraNa karo, yahI muktikA khulA dvAra hai| isa dharmase bar3hakara mukti denevAlA koI dUsarA dharma nahIM hai| isa prakAra usa mAyAmohake samajhAnepara ve daitya vedamArgase bhraSTa ho gaye aura Arhata dharmako dhAraNa karanese Ahata ( jaina) khlaaye| isI prakArakI kathA zivapurANa dvitIya rudra hisaMtA, khaNDa 5, adhyAya 4-5 meM bhI hai| 12

Page #203
178 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ___ yadyapi ye kathAe~ jaina dharmako asuroM-daityoM dAnavoMkA dharma kahakara badanAma karaneke liye hI racI gaI haiN| tathApi yadi inameM kucha tathyAMza mAna liyA jAye to kahanA hogA ki RgvedameM jina apane virodhiyoMko dAsa dasyu asura Adi zabdoMse pukArA gayA hai, unameM usa vedavirodhI dharmake anuyAyI bhI ho sakate haiM jo Aja jainadharma kahalAtA hai| ataH Adhunika jaina dharmakA pUrvarUpa una jAtiyoMmeMse kisI ekakA dharma ho sakatA hai, jo sindhughATI sabhyatAke kAlameM vartamAna thIM, aura usIke pUrvapuruSa yogI RSabhadeva the| kintu usa samaya jaina dharma kisa nAmase ullikhita hotA thA yaha andhakArameM hai, kyoMki mahAbIrake samayameM jaina sAdhuoMkA sampradAya nigrantha sampradAya kahalAtA thaa| usake bAda unakA dharma Ahata dharma kahA jAne lagA aura phira jaina dharma kahA jAne lgaa| isase nAma bheda honA hI saMbhava hai| eka bAta aura bhI dRSTavya hai| jaina zAstroMmeM RSabhadevako ikSvAku vaMzIke sAtha hI puruvaMza nAyaka likhA hai| Rgvedake anusAra bhI ikSvAku pururAjAoMkI hI eka zreNI thii| Rga0 (1-108-8 ) meM anu, drA, turvaza aura yaduke sAtha purukA bhI nirdeza hai / tathA Rka (s-c-2) meM puruoMko jItaneke upalakSameM bharatoMke agnihotra karanekA nirdeza hai| __Rgveda tathA usake pazcAtke sAhityameM bharatoMkA vizeSa mahatva batalAyA hai| eka RcAmeM bharatoMko puruoMkA zatru 1-puru Aye haiN| aura ikSvAku ke sambandhameM pahale pR0 15 para likha

Page #204
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 179 batalAyA hai / zatapatha brA0 (6-8- 4 ) meM puruSoMko asura rAkSasa batalAyA hai| isase puruoMke prati vaidika dRSTikoNakA saMketa milatA hai / kintu puruloga Arya pratIta hote haiM kyoMki RgvedakI aneka RcAoM meM mUlanivAsiyoM para puruyoMkI vijayakA nirdeza hai| asala meM AryoM meM bhI aneka bheda the| sabhI Arya vaidika nahIM the / isase AryoM meM bhI paraspara meM yuddha hote the / udAharaNa ke liye, sara jArja griyarsanakA mata hai ki brAhmaNadharmake pakSapAtI kuruoMse brAhmaNa dharma-virodhI paJcAla AryoMne pahale praveza kiyA / brAhmaNa virodhI pArTI yoddhA logoM kI thI, unhoMne purohita pArTIko hraayaa| ( kai0 hi0 pR0 275 ) / ataH yaha saMbhava hai ki puruloga avaidika RSabhadeva ke upAsaka rahe hoN| isIse vaidika AryoMkA unake prati zatrubhAva rahA ho / Rgveda meM puruoMko sarasvatI ke taTapara batalAyA hai / pururAjAoM kI asAdhAraNa lambI sUcI se purujAtikA mahattva spaSTa hai / ikSvAku paramparA mUlataH pururAjAoM kI eka paramparA thI / uttara ikSvAkuoM kA sambandha ayodhyAse thA / jaina zAstroMmeM ayodhyAko hI RSabhadevakI janmapurI batalAyA hai| udhara sAMkhyAyana zrauta sUtrameM hiraNyagarbhakI upAdhi 'kausalya' batalAI hai| ayodhyAko kosaladesa kahate the / ataH kausalyakA matalaba hotA hai kosalakA janmA huA yA kosalakA rAjA / yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki jaina zAstroMmeM RSabhadevako hiraNyagarbha bhI kahA hai aura unakA janma ayodhyA nagarImeM batalAyA hai / ataH yadi hiraNyagarbha RSabhadeva the to unakA ayodhyA nagarIke hone kA bhI samarthana hotA hI hai| kintu yaha saba abhI anveraNIya hai / ataH abhI yaha nizcayapUrvaka kaha sakanA zakya nahIM

Page #205
180 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hai ki jainadharma mUlameM AryoMkA dharma thA yA dravir3oM kA, aura RSabhadeva kevala AryoMke pUrvaja the yA dravir3oM ke bhI ? kintu itanA nizcita hai ki dravir3a saMskRti yA dravir3a dharmake siddhAntoMse jaina dharmake siddhAnta bahuta milate julate hue haiN| (prIhi0 I0, pR0 120) / suprasiddha bhASAvid DA0 sunIti kumAra caTarjI ne likhA hai 'yaha kahanA satya nahIM hai ki hindU sabhyatAke sabhI udAtta evaM ucca upAdAna AryoMkI dena the| tathA jo nikRSTa aura hIna upAdAna the ve anArya mAnasako ucchRGkhalatAke dyotaka the| Arya cittake kucha dRSTikoNoMke mUrtarUpa brAhmaNa aura kSatriyakI bicAra tathA saMgaThana karanekI yogyatAko svIkAra kara lene para bhI, kitanI hI naI sAmagrI tathA nUtana vicAra dhArA yaha sUcita karatI hai ki bhAratIya sabhyatAkA nirmANa kevala AryoMne hI nahIM kiyA, balki anAryoMkA bhI isameM bar3A bhArI hissA thaa| unhoMne isakI mUla pratiSThAbhUmi taiyAra kI thii| dezake kaI bhAgoMmeM unakI aihika sabhyatA AryoM kI apekSA kitanI hI Age bar3hI huI thii| nagaravAsI anAryakI tulanAmeM Arya to aTanazIla barbara mAtra pratIta hotA thaa| dhIre-dhIre aba yaha bAta spaSTatara hotI jA rahI hai ki bhAratIya sabhyatAke nirmANameM anAryoMkA bhAga vizeSa rUpase gurutara rhaa| bhAratIya prAcIna itihAsa evaM dantakathAoMmeM nihita dhArmika tathA sAMskRtika rIti-paripATI kevala anAryoMse AI huI vastukA Arya bhASAmeM rUpAntara mAtra hai; kyoMki AryoMkI orase unakI bhASA hI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa dena bana gaI thI, yadyapi vaha bhI anArya upAdAnoMse bahuta kucha mizrita hokara pUrNa vizuddha na raha skii| saMkSepameM karma tathA

Page #206
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 181 paralokake siddhAnta, yogasAdhanA, ziva devI tathA viSNuke' rUpa meM paramAtmAko mAnanA, vaidika havana paddhati ke samakSa naI pUjA rAMtikA hinduoM meM AnA Adi, tathA anya bhI bahutasI vastukA hindUdharma aura vicAra meM AnA, vAstava meM anAryo kI dena hai| bahuta sI paurANika tathA mahAkAvyoM meM AI huI kathAe~, upAkhyAna, aura zraddha' aitihAsika vivaraNa bhI AryoM se pahaleke haiM / ( 0 hi2, pR0 35-36 ) / ' jaina dharma meM prArambha se hI karma, paraloka siddhAnta tathA yoga sAdhanAkA prAdhAnya rahA hai aura ye hI usakI vicAradhArA ke mUlAdhAra haiM / varNI abhinandana grantha meM pro0 zrI nIlakaNTha zAstrIkA eka lekha 'jaina dharmakA Adi deza' zIrSaka se prakAzita huA hai| yahAM hama usakA Arambhika aMza udhRta karanekA lobha saMvaraNa nahIM kara skte| unhoMne likhA hai 'jaina dharma bhI bauddha dharmakI taraha vaidika kAlake AryoMkI yajJa yAgAdimaya saMskRtikI pratikriyA mAtra thA' katipaya itihAsakAroM 1 - sindhughATI sabhyatA ke prakAza meM Ane se pUrva yaha vivecana karane kI prathA sI thI ki indra, agni, varuNa aura mitrake sthAna meM brahmA, viSNu aura zivako apanAkara vaidika dharma brahmA dharmake rUpameM kramase vikasita hokara prakAza meM AyA / kintu prabhAvazAlI khojoM ke phalasvarUpa svIkRta vartamAna mata yaha hai ki yaha pravRtti eka mizrita saMskRtikI upaja hai, tathA bhArata meM hue dhArmika parivartana mukhya rUpase zrAryo aura dravir3oM tathA unakI vibhinna saMskRtiyoM ke saMyogakI dena hai; kyoMki prAcIna dravir3a bahuta hI susabhya aura susaMskRta the / ( pro0 hi0 iM0, bhU0 pR0 6 ) /

Page #207
182 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ke isa matiko yoM hI satya mAna lenA calatA vyavahAra sA ho gayA hai / vizeSakara kitane hI jaina dharmako teIsaveM tIrthaGkara zrI pArzvanAtha ke pahale pracalita mAnanemeM bhI AnAkAnI karate haiM, arthAt ve lagabhaga nauvIM zatI IsA pUrvataka hI jaina dharmakA astitva mAnanA cAhate haiM / prAcInatama yugameM magadha yajJa yAgAdimaya vaidika matake kSetrase bAhara thA / tathA isI magadhako isa kAlameM jaina dharma tathA bauddha dharma kI janma bhUmi honekA saubhAgya prApta huA hai / phalataH kitane hI vidvAn kalpanA karate haiM ki ina dharmoM ke pravartaka Arya nahIM the| dUsarI mAnyatA yaha hai ki vaidika Aya ke bahuta pahale AryoMkI eka dhArA bhAratameM AI thI aura AryoM pUre bhAratameM vyApta ho gaye the| usake bAda usI vaMzake yajJa yAgAdi saMskRti vAle loga bhAratameM Aye, tathA prArca na vaidika AryoMko magadhakI ora khader3akara svayaM usake sthAnapara basa gaye / AryoMke isa dvitIya Agamanake bAda hI sambhavataH magadhase jaina dharma kA punaH rapracA Arambha huA tathA vahIMpara buddha dharmakA prAdurbhAva huaa| 3002-500 IsA pUrvameM lI phalI 'sindhu kachAra sabhyatA ke bhagnAvazeSoMmeM digambara mata, yoga, vRSabhapUjA tathA anya pratIka mile haiM, jinake pracalanakA zreya AryoM arthAt vaidika AryoMke pUrvavartI samAjako diyA jAtA hai| AryapUrva saMskRtike zubhAkAkSiyoMkI kamI nahIM hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki aise logoM meM se aneka loga vaidika AyoMke pahalekI isa mahAn saMskRtiko dRr3hatA pUrvaka dravir3a saMskRti kahate haiN| maiMne apane 'mUla bhAratIya dharma' zIrSaka nibandhameM siddha kara diyA hai ki tathokta avaidika lakSaNa ( yajJa yAgAdi ) kA prAdurbhAva atharvavedakI saMskRtise huA hai| tathA mAtRdeviyoM vRSabha, nAga, yoga, AdikI pUjAke bahu saMkhyaka

Page #208
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa nidarzanoMse tInoM veda bhare par3e haiN| phalataH 'siMdhu kachAra saMskRti pUrva vaidika yugake bAdakI aisI saMskRti hai jisameM tAMtrika prakriyAyeM paryApta mAtrAmeM ghula mila gaI thiiN| prAcIna sAhitya jaina tIrthaGkaroM tathA buddhoMko asaMdigdha rUpase kSatriya tathA Arya kahatA hai / phalataH jaina dharma tathA bauddha dharmakI prasUtiko anAryoM meM batAnA sarvathA asambhava hai|' 'ataeva jaina dharmake mUla srotako Arya saMskRtiko kisI prAcInatara avasthAmeM khojanA cAhiye, jaisA ki bauddha dharmake liye kiyA jAtA hai| apane pUrvollikhita nibaMdha meM maiM siddha kara cukA hUM ki samasta bhAratIya sAdhana sAmagrI yaha siddha karatA hai ki jambU dvopakA bhArata khaNDa ho AryoMkA Adi deza thaa| hamArI paurANika mAnyatAkA bhAratavarSa Adhunika bhaugolika sImAoMse baddha na thA, apitu usake AyAma vistArameM pAmIra parvata mAlA tathA hindUkuza bhI sammilita thA arthAt 40 akSAMza taka vistRta thaa| prAcInatama jaina tathA vaidika matoMke jyotiSa granthoM aura purANoM meM bhAratake ukta vistArakA spaSTa rUpase pratipAdana kiyA hai|" ____ yahA~ hama yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita samajhate haiM ki hamane jo AryoMke bhAratameM AgamanakI carcAkI hai vaha bhAratakI vartamAna sImAko lekara kI hai / jaina zAstroMmeM jo bhArata varSakA vistAra batalAyA hai usameM to AjakA pUrA bhUkhaNDa samA jAtA hai / astu. upasaMhAra isa taraha prAga aitihAsika kAlIna upalabdha sAdhanoMke dvArA tatkAlIna sthitikA paryakSaveNa karanese jo prakAza par3atA hai yadyapi

Page #209
184 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA vaha kisI niSkarSapara pahuMcaneke liye aparyApta hai, tathApi usase jaina dharmake prAga aitihAsika astitvake saMbandhameM kucha jhalaka avazya prApta hotI hai aura usaparase kama se kama itanA to nizcaya pUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina dharma kisI brAhmaNa virodhI bhAvanAkA pariNAma nahIM hai| kintu usakA udgama eka aisI vicAra dhArAkA pariNAma hai jo brAhmaNa kSetrase bAhara svataMtra rUpase pravAhita hotI AtI thii| DA0 jekobIne bhI likhA hai-'isa sabase yaha saMbhAvya hotA hai ki brAhmaNabhinna tapasvIvarga prAcIna kAlameM bhI brAhmaNa tapasviyoMse eka bhinna aura viziSTa vargake rUpa meM mAnA jAtA thA |.........atH avazya hI bauddha dharma aura jaina dharmako aise dharma mAnanA cAhiye jo brAhmaNa dharmase bAhara vRddhiMgata hue the| tathA unakA nirmANa kisI tAtkAlika sudhArakA pariNAma nahIM thaa| kintu sudIrghakAlase pracalita dhArmika Andolanake dvArA usakA nirmANa huA thaa|' (se. bu0 I0, 22, prastA0, pR0 32 ) / zrI rameza candradatta ukta vicAra dhArAkA udgama IsA pUrva gyArahavIM zatImeM batalAte haiN| unhoMne likhA hai-'utsuka aura vicAraka hindU brAhmaNa sAhityake thakAne vAle kriyA kANDase Age bar3hakara AtmA aura paramAtmAke rahasyakI khoja karate the|' isa viSayameM pahale likhA jA cukA hai / AtmA aura paramAtmAke rahasyake anveSakoMkI dena hI upaniSadoMkA tattva jJAna hai| isa jJAnake dhanI kSatriya the| kSatriyoMse hI brAhmaNoMne AtmavidyAkA jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| bhagavAna RSabha deva bhI kSatriya the aura ve yogI tathA paramahaMsa the| ataH yadi AtmavidyAke ve hI paraskartA rahe hoM to jaina dharmakA udgama bhI unase hI honA saMbhava hai|

Page #210
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 185 kintu RSabhadevakA aitihAsika astitva bhAratake prAga aitihAsika kAlakI gambhIra kandarAmeM chipA hai / ataH svargIya yAkobIkA anusaraNa karate hue hameM bhI yahI kahanA par3atA hai ki jaina dharmake prAga aitihAsika vikAsake sambandhameM kucha jhalaka prApta karake hI hameM saMtoSa karanA par3atA hai. kyoMki bhagavAna pArzvanAthase pahalekA saba itivRtta gambhIra koharese Acchanna hai|' 3-aitihAsika yugameM kAzI, kosala aura videha aba hama aitihAsika yugameM praveza kreNge| hamArA yaha yuga IsA pUrva nauMvI zatAbdIke madhyase Arambha hotA hai| usI samaya kAzI ke rAjA azvasenake ghara jaina dharmake teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAthane janma liyA thaa| ___ aMga, magadha, kAzI, kosala aura videhameM brAhmaNa sabhyatA kA praveza bahuta kAla pazcAt huA thaa| zata0 brA0 (1-4-1) meM likhA hai ki-'sarasvatI nadose agnine pUrabakI ora prayANa kiyaa| usake pIche videdha mAdhava aura gautama rAhu gaNa the| sabako jalAte aura mArgakI nadiyoMko sukhAte hue vaha agni sadAnIrAke taTapara phuNcii| use vaha nahIM jalA skii| taba mAdhava videghane agnise pUchA-maiM kahAM rhuuN'| usane uttara diyA-terA nivAsa isa nadIke pUraba ho| aba taka bhI yaha nadI kosaloM aura videhoMkI sImA hai|'

Page #211
186 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ___ ukta kathanameM vaidika AryoMke sarasvatI nadIke taTase sadAnIrAke taTataka dhIre dhIre bar3hanekA vRttAnta nihita hai| sadAnIrA, jo Aja kala gaNDaka nadI kahI jAtI hai. donoM rAjyoMkI sImA thii| usake pazcimameM kosala thA aura pUrabameM videha thA / sadAnIrA kosalako videhase pRthaka karatI thI / bahuta samaya taka yaha nadI AryoMke saMsArakI sImA mAnI jAtI thii| isake Age brAhmaNa loga yatheccha nahIM Ate jAte the| vaidika sAhityameM kosalake kisI nagarakA nAma nahIM aataa| zatapatha brA ke anusAra kosalameM brAhmaNa sabhyatAkA prasAra kuru paJcAlake pazcAt tathA videhase pahale huA / rAmAyaNa tathA hindU parANoMke anusAra kosalakA rAjavaMza ikSvAku nAmake rAjAsa calA thaa| isI vaMzakI zAkhAoMne vizAlA yA vaizAlI, mithilA aura kuzInArAmeM rAjya kiyaa| kosalakI taraha videhakA nirdeza bhI prAcIna vaidika sAhitya meM nahIM hai| donoMkA prathama nirdeza zatapatha bAhmaNa (1, 4-1-10 ) meM milatA hai| ullekhoMse prakaTa hotA hai ki kosala aura videha paraspara mitra the tathA unameM aura kuru paJcAloMmeM mata bheda honeke sAtha hI sAtha zatrutA bhI thii| vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki videha rAja janaka upaniSadoMke darzanakA pramukha saMrakSaka thA / usake samayameM hI videhako prAdhAnya milaa| zatapatha brA0 (1, 1-6-21 ) meM likhA hai ki rAjA janaka kI bheMTa prathama bAra kucha brAhmaNoMse huii| usane unase pUchA-Apa agni hotra kaise karate haiM ? anya brAhmaNoMmeM se to kisIkA uttara ThIka nahIM thaa| yAjJavalkyakA uttara yadyapi pUrNa ThIka nahIM thA

Page #212
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 187 tathApi yathArthatAke vizeSa nikaTa thaa| janaka yaha bAta una brAhmaNoMse kahakara tathA rathameM baiThakara calA gyaa| brAhmaNoMne ise apanA apamAna samajhA / taba yAkSavalkyane jAkara zaMkA nivAraNa kI / tabase janaka brAhmaNa hogayA / ___isase prakaTa hotA hai ki zata0 brA0 ke kAla taka vaidika Arya videha taka hI bar3ha sake the| dakSiNa bihAra tathA baMgAlameM brAhmaNa dharmakA prasAra IsvI san kI tIsarI zatAbdIke madhya taka ho sakA thaa| isa taraha pUrvIya bhAratameM apanI saMskRtiko phailAnemeM vaidika AryoM ko eka hajAra varSa lge| yadyapi vaha praveza nizcaya hI utanA vistRta nahIM thA (bhA0 iM0 patrikA ji0 12, pR0 113) / ___kosala aura videhake sAtha kAzIko prAdhAnya bhI uttara vaidika kAlameM milA / atharvavedameM prathama bAra kAzIkA nirdeza milatA hai| kAzIkA kozala aura videha ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| kAzIke eka rAjA dhRtarASTrako zatAnIka sahasrAjita ne harAyA thaa| vaha azvamedha yajJa karanA cAhatA thA kintu zatAnIkane use harA diyaa| phalasvarUpa kAzIvAsiyoMne yajJa karanA hI chor3a diyaa| (po0 hi0 eN| I0, pR. 62) / kAzIrAja brahmadatta bauddha mahAgovinda suttantameM bhI kAzIke rAjA dhataraTTakA nirdeza hai, jo zatapatha0 kA dhRtarASTra hI pratIta hotA hai| use mahA govinda meM bharatarAja kahA hai| DA0 rAya caudhurIne likhA haiM ki aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAzIke bharatavaMzakA sthAna rAjAoMke eka naye vaMzane le liyA, jinakA vaMza nAma brahmadatta thA / zrI

Page #213
148 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hArIta kRSNa devane yaha sujhAva diyA thA ki brahmadatta vaMzanAma hai, kisI rAjA vizeSakA nAma nahIM hai| aura DA0 DI0 Ara0 bhaNDArakara ne bhI isa sujhAvako mAna liyA thaa| kyoMki matsya purANa tathA vAyu purANameM eka vaMzakA nirdeza hai| jisameM brahmadatta nAmake sau vyakti the| mahAbhArata (2-8-23 ) meM bhI sau brahmadattoMkA nirdeza hai / bauddha jAtaka dummedha' meM rAjA tathA usake putra kA nAma brahmadatta batalAyA hai gaMgamAlA jAtakameM spaSTa likhA hai ki brahmadatta eka vaMza paramparAgata upAdhi thii| eka pratyeka buddhane banArasake rAjA udayako brahmadatta kahakara pukArA thaa| (po0 hi0 ai. iM0, pR0 63 ) / brahmadatta videha ke the DA0 rAya caudharIne likhA hai ki aneka bauddha jAtakoMse yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki brahmadatta mUlataH videhake the| udAharaNake liye, mAtiposaka jAtakameM kAzIke rAjA brahmadattake viSayameM likhA hai 'muttomhi kAsIrAjena videhena yasassinA' ti / yahA~ kAzIrAjako 'videha' batalAyA hai| isI taraha sambula jAtakameM kAzIrAja brahmadattake putra yuvarAja soTThIsenako 'videha putta' kahA hai / ( po0 hi0 eM0 I0 pR0 64) / ____upaniSadoMke katipaya ullekhoMke AdhAra para DA0 rAya caudhurIkA vizvAsa hai ki videha rAjyako ulaTanemeM kAzIke logoMkA hAtha thA; kyoMki janakake samayameM kAzIrAja ajAta 1-'zataM vai brahmadattAnAM vIrANAM kuruvaH zatAm

Page #214
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 189 zatru videharAja janakakI khyAtise cir3hatA thaa| vRhadA0 upa0 (3-8-2) meM gArgI yAjJavalkyase do prazna karanekI anujJA lete hue kahatI hai 'yathA kAzyo vA vaideho vograputra ujjyaM dhanuradhijyaM kRtvA dvau bANavantau sapatnAtivyAdhinau haste kRtvopottiSThedevamevAhaM tvA dvAbhyAM praznAbhyAmupodasthAm / ' 'yAjJavalkya ! jisa prakAra kAzI yA videhakA rahanevAlA koI ugraputra pratyazcAhIna dhanuSapara pratyaJcA car3hAkara zatruko atyanta pIr3A denevAle do phalavAle bANa hAthameM lekara khar3A hotA hai usI prakAra maiM do prazna lekara tumhAre sAmane upasthita hotI huuN|' janakake uttarAdhikArI licchavi pAlI TIkA paramattha jotikA (ji0 1, pR0 158-65 ) meM likhA hai ki videhake janaka vaMzakA sthAna una licchaviyoMne liyA, jinakA rAjya videhakA sabase adhika zaktizAlI rAjya thA, tathA jo vajjigaNake sabase pramukha bhAgIdAra the / ye licchavi kAzIkI eka rAnIke vaMzaja the| isa ullekhase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki sambhavatayA kAzIke rAjavaMzakI eka zAkhAne videhameM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA / ( po. hi0 e0 I0, pR. 72 ) ___ itihAsake jAnakAra isa bAtase suparicita haiM, jaisA ki hama Age likheMge, ki videhake licchavi vaMzako jaina dharmake antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAna mahAvIrako janma denekA saubhAgya prApta huA thA aura kAzIkI vArANasI nagarImeM teIsaveM tIrthaGkara

Page #215
160 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA pArzvanAthakA janma huA thaa| ataH ina donoM rAjyoMmeM rAjanaitikake sAtha dhArmika sambandha bhI honA saMmbhava pratIta hotA hai| licchavi gaNataMtrakI sthApanAkA samaya vaidika kAlakA nirdhAraNa karate hue sva0 DA0 rA. dA. banarjI ne apanI 'prIhisTorika iNDiyA' nAmaka pustaka (pR0 44 ) meM likhA hai 'purANoMke anusAra kuruvaMzI rAjA parIkSita magadhake rAjA mahApadmase 1050 varSa pUrva janmA thaa| vAyu purANake anusAra candragupta maurya ke rAjyArohaNase 40 varSa pUrva mahApadmane rAjya karanA prArambha kiyA thaa| ataH yadi candraguptakA rAjyAbhiSeka 322 I0 meM mAnA jAye to parIkSitakA rAjyAbhiSeka I0 pUrva 1422 meM mAnanA hogaa| puruSoMkI sAkSIke anusAra IsAkI 5 vIM zatIke madhyameM bhAratameM yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki parIkSita IsvI pUrva 15 vIM zatIke antameM maujUda thaa| ... vaidika sAhityameM kRSNa, pANDava aura kauravoMkA nirdeza nahIM hai kintu parIkSitakA hai / ataH parokSita kalpita vyakti nahIM hai, vAstavika haiN| isa parIkSitako sarpane DasA thaa| isIse usake putra janamejayane nAga yajJa kiyA thaa| _ DA0 rAya caudhurIne ( po0 hi0 e0 I., pR0 43 ) likhA hai-ki videharAja janaka aura janamejayameM pA~ca yA cha pIr3hiyoMkA antara thaa| ata: janamejayake 150 yA 180 varSa pazcAt aura parIkSitase do zatI pazcAt janakakA honA saMbhava hai| ataH yadi paurANika paramparAke anusAra hama parIkSitako IsvI pUrva caudahavIM

Page #216
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 161 zatImeM rakhate haiM to hameM janakako avazyahI IsvI pUrva 12 vIM zatImeM rakhanA hogA / aura yadi AzvalAyana aura gautama buddhake . sAtha guNAkhya sAMkhyAyanakI ekakAlikatAko svIkAra kiyA jAye to hameM parIkSitako IsvI pUrva nauvIM zatImeM tathA janakako IsvI pUrva sAtavIM zatImeM rakhanA hogaa|' __yaha pahale likhA hai ki videhake rAjyAsanako badalanemeM kAzIkA pramukha hAtha thA aura 'paramattha jotikA' ke anusAra janaka rAjavaMzake pazcAt videhameM licchaviyoMkA rAjya huA, jo kAzIkI eka rAnIkI santAna the| likchavi rAjyakI sthApanAkA samaya ajJAta hai / kintu itanA sunizcita hai ki IsvI pUrvachaThI zatImeM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gautama buddhake samayameM videhameM licchavi gaNataMtra sudRr3ha rUpase sthApita ho cukA thaa| buddhane svayaM licchaviyoM ke sambandhameM kahA thA'jinhoMne tAvattiMsa devatA na dekhe hoM ve licchaviyoMko dekha leN| licchaviyoMkA saMgha tAvatiMza devatAoMkA saMgha hai.....| ataH IsvIpUrva chaThI zatImeM videhakA licchavi gaNataMtra eka bahuta hI zaktizAlI rAjya thA aura kAzI aura kozala usake prabhutvako mAnate the| usa gaNataMtrakA pramukha ceTaka thA jisakI sabase bar3I putrI trizalA bhagavAna mahAvIrakI jananI thii| tathA sabase choTI putrI celanA magadharAja bimbasAra zreNikakI paTarAnI tathA ajAta zatru ( kuNika ) kI jananI thI / ajAta zatrune hI vaizAlIke pramukha apane nAnA ceTaka para AkramaNa karake use apane rAjyameM milA liyA thaa| (po hi0e0 iM., pR0171 ) aura isa taraha sambhavatayA licchaviyoMkA gaNataMtra samApta ho gyaa|

Page #217
192 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ukta ghaTanAoMko dekhate hue yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki ceTaka sudIrghakAla taka licchavi gaNataMtrakA pramukha rahA, kintu usase pUrva usakA prabhutva kauna thA yaha ajJAta vai| zve0 AgamoMmeM mahAbIrakI jananI trisalAko ceTakakI bhaginI batalAyA hai, kintu usake pitAkA nAma nahIM diyaa| isase bhI spaSTa hai ki ceTakake pitAkA nAma jJAta nahIM thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki licchavi gaNataMtrakA prabhutva honese ceTaka apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA thA, kintu usake pitAko yaha saubhAgya prApta na rahA ho, kyoMki gaNataMtrameM rAjataMtrakI taraha rAjyAsana vaMzaparamparAgata nahIM hotaa| kintu ceTakake pUrva licchavi gaNataMtrakA pradhAna kauna thA, yaha bhI ajJAta hai aura ceTakase pUrva ukta gaNataMtra sthApita ho cukA thA yA nahIM, yaha bhI nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pracalita mAnyatAke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa 527 I0 pUrva meM huA aura unakI Ayu usa samaya lagabhaga 72 varSakI thii| ataH unakA I0 pUrva 566 meM janma huaa| ataH I. pUrva 600 meM licchavi gaNataMtra avazya hI vartamAna thA, kyoMki zve0 AgamoMmeM mahAvIrako vaisAliya-vaizAlIkA tathA unakI mAtAko 'videhadattA' batalAyA hai aura mahAvIrake pitA siddhArtha vaizAlIke nikaTatha kuNDagrAmake adhipati ( sAmanta ) the| unake sAtha ceTakane apanI bhaginI trizalAkA vivAha kiyA thaa| saMbhava hai IsvI pUrva sAtavIM zatIke lagabhaga yA usase kucha pUrva licchaviyoMne jo kAzIkI kisI rAnIkI santAna the, videha

Page #218
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 193 meM janakoMke rAjavaMzako haTAkara licchavi gaNataMtrakI sthApanA kI ho| ___ jaina zAstroMke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake janmase 278 varSa pUrva bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA janma kAzI nagarImeM huA thaa| yataH mahAvIra bhagavAnakA janma IsvI pUrva 598 meM huA thA ataH bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA janma IsvI pUrva 877 meM huA thaa| unakI Ayu sau varSakI thii| tIsa varSakI avasthAmeM unhoMne pravrajyA dhAraNa kI aura IsvI pUrva 777 meM vihAra pradezameM sthita sammeda zikhara ( pArasanAtha hila ) se nirvANa lAbha kiyA / ___ DA. rAya caudhurIne (po0 hi0 eM0 I0, pR0 124 ) likhA hai ki kumbhakAra jAtakake ullekhAnusAra uttara pAzcAlakA rAjA dummukha, kaliMgakA rAjA karaNDu, gandhArakA rAjA naggaji ( nagnajita) aura videhakA rAjA nami ye saba samakAlIna the| jaina uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM ina sabako jaina dharmakA anuyAyI kahA hai| cUMki pArzvanAthako itihAsajJa jaina dharmakA saMsthApaka mAnate haiM isaliye DA0 rAya caudhurIne ina rAjAoMko 777 I0 pUrvase 543 I0 pUrva takake samayameM rakhA hai| yadyapi unhoMne yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki uttarAdhyayanake kathanapara niHzaMka vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, tathApi unhoMne yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki ye sabhI rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIrake pUrvavartI the, kyoMki inameMse kucha kA nirdeza etareya brA0 (7-34 ) tathA zatapatha0 (8, 1-4-10) meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| rAjA namikA putra kalAra janaka videhake janakavaMzakA antima rAjA thA, majjhima nikAyake makhAdeva jAtakase yaha prakaTa hotA hai| DA. rAya caudhurI (po0 hi eM0 I0, pR071)

Page #219
134 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kA kathana hai ki 'mahAbhArata ( 12-302-7 ) kA kalAra janaka aura makhA deva jAtakakA kalAra janaka eka hI vyakti hai / ' kalAra janakake pazcAt hI videhameM vajjI gaNataMtra sthApita huA hogaa| ataH kalAra janakakA pitA nami avazya hI bhagavAn mahAvIrakA pUrvavartI huaa| cUMki uttarAdhyayanake anusAra vaha jaina thA aura bhagavAna mahAvIrase pahale jaina dharmakA upadeza bhagavAna pArzvanAthane kiyA thA, ataH rAjA nami avazya hI IsvI pUrva 777 ke laga bhaga yA usake pazcAt honA caahiye| usake pazcAt usakA putra kalAra janaka videhake rAjyAsanapara baiThA / ataH IsvI pUrva sAtavIM zatIke laga bhaga hI videhameM licchiviyoMne use haTA kara licchavi gaNataMtra kI sthApanA kI hogii| pArzvanAthakA vaMza aura mAtA pitA - di0 jaina sAhityake anusAra pArzvanAtha upravaMzI the| kintu zvetAmbara' sAhityake anusAra ikSvAku vaMzI the| jaina mAnyatAke anusAra RSabha devane vaMzoMkI sthApanA kI thii| vaha svayaM ikSvAku vaMzI the tathA unake dvArA sthApita vaMzoMmeM eka ugra vaMza bhI thaa| isase ugravaMza bhI ikSvAku vaMzakI hI eka zAkhA honA saMbhava hai| sUtrakRtAGgameM ugroM, bhogoM, aikSvAkoM ora kauravoMko jJAtRvaMzI aura licchaviyoMse sambaddha batalAyA hai| isase bhI kAzIke ugra 1-zretAmbara ullekhoMke anusAra bhaginI / ... 2-ti0 50, a0 4, gA0 550 / 2-zrAbhi0 rA0 meM titthayara zabda, pR0 2265 /

Page #220
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa vaMza tathA videhake licchavi aura jJAtRvaMziyoMke pArasparika sambaMdha kA samarthana hotA hai ( po0 hi0 eM0 i0 pR0 66 ) / ___ pIche vRhadA0 upa0 se gArgI aura yAjJavalakyake saMvAdakA eka aMza udhdhRta kara Aye haiN| usameM gArgI ne kAzI aura videhavAsIko ugraputra kahA hai-'kAzyo vA vaideho vA ugrputrH'| yahAM 'ugraputra' avazya hI apanA vizeSa artha rakhatA hai| ukta ullekhoMke prakAzameM ugra putrakA artha ugravaMzI honA saMbhava pratIta hotA hai / aura cUki kAzI aura videhake adhivAsI donoMko ugraputra kahA hai / ataH kAzIke uyoM aura videhake licchaviyoMkI ekatAkA bhI isase samarthana hotA hai| ___ kalakattA vizva vidyAlayameM DA0 de0 rA. bhaNDArakarane IsvI pUrva 650-325 takake bhAratIya itihAsapara kucha bhASaNa diye the| unameM unhoMne batalAyA thA ki bauddha jAtakoMmeM brahmadattake sivAya vArANasIke cha rAjA aura batalAye haiM-ugga sena, dhanaMjaya, mahAsIlava, saMyama, vissasena aura udaya bhdd| saMbhava hai ugrasena yA ugrasenase hI kAzImeM ugravaMzI rAjyakI sthApanA huI ho / viSNu purANa aura vAyu purANameM brahmadattake uttarAdhikArI yogasena, vizvakasena, aura jhallATa batalAye haiM / DA0 bhaNDArakara ne purANoMke vizvakasena aura jAtakoMke vissasenako tathA purANoMke udakasena aura jAtakoMke udayabhaddako eka ThaharAyA thaa| jaina sAhityameM pArzvanAthake pitAkA nAma azvasena yA assa seNa batalAyA hai| yaha nAma na to hindU purANoM meM milatA hai aura na jAtakoMmeM milatA hai| kintu gata zatAbdImeM racI gaI pAzvanAtha pUjanameM pArzvanAthake pitAkA nAma vissasena diyA hai| yathA-tahAM vissasena narendra udaar'| hama nahIM kaha sakate ki kavike isa

Page #221
196 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ullekha kA kyA AdhAra hai| phira bhI jAtakoMke vissaseNa aura purANoMke vizvakasenake sAtha usakI ekarUpatA saMbhava hai| pravrajyA aura upasarga kAzIrAjake putra kSatriya pArzvanAthane tIsa varSakI avasthAmeM jina dIkSA dhAraNa kI aura tapasyAmeM lIna hogye| unake isa virAgakA kAraNa eka ghaTanA thI / eka dina vaha gaMgAke taTapara vicarate the| vahAM kucha sAdhu paMcAgni tapa tapate the / agnimeM jalatI huI eka lakar3ImeM pArzvanAthane eka nAga yugalako pIr3ita dekhA / unakA dayAlu citta jahAM usake kaSTako anubhava kara dravita huA vahAM isa ajJAna mUlaka tapako dekhakara kheda khinna bhI huaa| unhoMne turanta usa mRtaprAya nAga yugalako bacAnekI ceSTA kI aura jIvana rakSA azakya jAnakara use dharmopadeza diyaa| usake prabhAva se vaha nAga yugala dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ke nAmase nAga jAti ke devatAoM kA adhipati huaa| aura pArzvanAthane jina dIkSA dhAraNa krlii| ___ eka bAra nigrantha pArzvanAtha vicarate bicarate ahicchatra ( barelI jilemeM rAmanagarake pAsa ) pahu~ce aura tapasyAmeM lIna ho gye| unake pUrvajanmakA bairI eka vyantara deva udharase jAtA thaa| usane apane bairIko dhyAnastha dekhakara ghora upasarga kiyaa| usa samaya devarUpadhArI usa nAgadampatIne Akara pArzvanAthakI rakSA kii| usane sarpakA rUpa dhAraNa karake apanA vizAla phaNa pArzvanAthake Upara phailA diyaa| usIkI smRtimeM pArzvanAthakI mUrtiyoM para sarpakA phaNa banA hotA hai, aura vahI pArzvanAthakA viziSTa cinha mAnA jAtA hai|

Page #222
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 167 Ajake vijJAna yugake purAtattvajJa' aura itihAsajJa pArzvanAthake jIvanakI ukta ghaTanAko eka paurANika rUpakake rUpameM hI grahaNa karate haiN| ataH ukta ghaTanAse ve yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki pArzvanAthake vaMzakA nAgajAtike sAtha sauhArda pUrNa sambandha thaa| pArzvanAthane nAgoMko vipattise bacAyA isaliye nAgoMne bhI samaya para unakI rakSA kii| ___ mahAbhAratake Adi parvameM jo nAgayajJakI kathA hai usase sUcita hotA hai ki vaidika Arya nAgoMke bairI the| nAga jAti asuroMkI hI eka zAkhA thii| aura vaha asura jAtikI rIr3hakI haDDIke tulya thii| usake patanake sAtha hI asuroMkA bhI patana ho gayA / nAgapura Adi nagara Aja bhI usakI smRti dilAte haiN| mahAbhAratake Adi parvameM hI yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki nAgoMkA rAjA takSaka nagna zramaNa ho gayA thaa| jaba nAga loga gaMgAkI ghATImeM basate the to eka nAga rAjA ke sAtha vArANasIkI rAjakumArIkA vivAha huA thA (gli. po0 hi, pR. 65) / ataH vArANasIke rAjagharAneke sAtha nAgoMkA kauTumbika sambandha bhI thaa| aura gaMgA kI ghATImeM hI (ahikSetra) tapa karate hue pArzvanAthakI upasargase rakSA nAgoMke adhipatine kI thii| samakAlIna dhArmika sthiti pahale likha Aye haiM ki zatapatha brAhmaNake kAlataka kAzI, kozala aura videha brAhmaNa saMskRtike prabhAvameM A cuke the / 1-nAgoMne jaina tIrthaGkarakI saMkaTase rakSAkI aura nAga tIrthaGkarake mitra the, aisA jaina kathAzroMse mAlUma hotA ho'-hideg dha0 sa0, pR0 135 /

Page #223
168 jai0 sA0 i0.pUrva pIThikA kintu unakA pUrNa brAhmaNIkaraNa nahIM huA thA ( zata0 braa01,4-110)| aura yaha bhI likha Aye haiM ki DA0 bhaNDArakarake matAnusAra dakSiNI vihAra aura baMgAlameM brAhmaNadharmakA prasAra IsvI san kI tIsarI zatIke madhya taka ho sakA thA aura isa taraha pUrvIya bhAratameM apanI saMskRtiko phailAnemeM vaidika AryoMko eka hajAra varSa lage the| isakA yaha matalaba huA ki IsvI pUrva 750 se IsvI 250 takake kAlameM brAhmaNa dharmakA prasAra pUrvIya bhAratameM ho skaa| aura isIke prArambhake lagabhaga zatapatha brAhmaNakI racanA huI thii| vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad zatapatha brAhmaNakA antima bhAga mAnA jAtA hai / isIse Adhunika vidvAn usakA racanAkAla AThavIM-zatAbdI IsvI pUrva mAnate haiN| isI upaniSadse gArgI yAjJavalkyake saMvAdakA eka uddharaNa bhI pahale diyA hai jisameM kAzI aura videhakA nirdeza hai| ataH zatapatha brAhmaNa tathA vRhadA0 u0 avazya hI pArzvanAthake samayase pUrvake nahIM haiN| inhIM meM hama prathama bAra tApasoM aura zramaNoMse milate haiN| (vR0 u0, 4-3-22) / kintu unakA nAmamAtra hI milatA hai| yAjJavalkya janakase AtmAkA svarUpa batalAte hue kahate haiM ki isa suSuptAvasthAmeM zramaNa azramaNa aura tApasa atApasa ho jAte haiN| tapakA mahatva bhI hama brAhmaNakAlameM hI pAte haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNameM tapase vizvakI utpatti batalAI hai| pratidina agni hotra karanA eka pradhAna karma thaa| isakI utpattikI kathA isa prakAra batalAI hai-prArambhameM prajApati ekAkI thaa| usakI aneka honekI icchA huii| usane tapasyA kii| usake mukhase agni utpanna huii| cUki saba devatAoM meM agni prathama utpanna huI isIse use agni kahate haiM usakA yathArthanAma 'agni' hai| mukhase utpanna

Page #224
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 199 honeke kAraNa agnikA bhakSaka honA svAbhAvika thA kintu usa samaya pRthvIpara kucha bhI nahIM thaa| ataH prajApatiko cintA huii| taba usane apanI vANIkI Ahuti dekara apanI rakSA kii| jaba vaha marA to agnipara rakkhA gayA agnine kevala usake zarIrako hI jalAyA ataH pratyeka vyaktiko agnihotra avazya karanA caahiye|' isI taraha tapase vizvakI utpatti batalAI hai| ukta kathAmeM agnihotrake asambaddha vivaraNake sAtha AdhyAtmika vicAroMkI khicar3I pakAI gaI hai| katipaya brAhmaNa granthoM meM kucha sthaloMmeM punarjanmakA nirdeza milatA hai, jo isa bAtakA sUcaka hai ki brAhmaNakAlameM vaidika Arya punarjanmake siddhAntase paricita ho cale the| kintu ve apane vaMza paramparAgata agnihotrako kaise chor3a sakate the ataH usakA upayoga bho unhoMne agni hotrake pracArake lie hI kiyaa| yadi nayA jIvana prApta karanA cAhate ho to agni hotra kro| pahale likha Aye haiM ki vaidika Arya yajJoMke bar3e premI the| unakA sArA jIvana hI yajJamaya thaa| aura unake yajJakA uddezya sAMsArika sukhoMkI prApti evaM vRddhi thaa| vedoMmeM yajJakA pratipAdana thaa| unakI yahI zikSA thI ki agara hara taraha se sukhI aura sampanna rahanA cAhate ho to devatAoMko prasanna karaneke liye yajJa kro| vedoMke maMtrayugake bAda brAhmaNoMkA yuga aayaa| yajJoMkI vidhiyoMkA nirdhAraNa karanA brAhmaNa granthoMkA kAma thaa| yadyapi brAhmaNakAlameM purohitoMkI zakti khUba bar3hI kintu vaidikadharmako avanati bhI brAhmaNa kAlase hI Arambha huii| yadyapi brAhmaNoMmeM maraNottara jIvanakA nirdeza milatA hai kintu punarjanma aura karma

Page #225
200 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA phalavAdakA pratyakSa vibaraNa nahIM miltaa| yaha vivaraNa hameM upaniSadoMmeM milatA hai| vRhadA0upa0se yAjJavalkya aura jaratkArava ArtabhAgake sambAdakA vivaraNa pIche diyA jA cukA hai| ArtabhAga yAjJavalkyase kahatA hai-'yAjJavalkya ! jaba isa mRta puruSakI vANI agnimeM lIna ho jAtI hai, prANa vAyumeM, cakSu zrAdityameM, mana candramAmeM, zrotra dizAmeM, zarIra pRthvImeM, hRdayAkAza, bhUtAkAzameM roma auSadhiyoMmeM, aura keza vanaspatiyoMmeM, tathA rakta aura vIrya jalameM sthApita ho jAte haiM taba yaha puruSa kahA~ rahatA hai ?' yAjJavalkya turata hI ArtabhAgakA hAtha pakar3akara yaha kahate hue ekAntameM cale jAte haiM ki yaha prazna jana samudAyameM karaneke yogya nahIM hai| ekAntameM ve isI niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki karma hI saba kucha hai| puNyakarmase puruSa puNyavAna hotA hai aura pApa karmase pApI hotA hai|' usa yugameM AtmA aura brahmakI jijJAsA purohita vargameM kitanI balavatI thI yaha pIche upaniSadoMke kucha upAkhyAnoMke dvArA batalAyA gayA hai| isI yugake ArambhameM kAzImeM pArzvanAthane janma lekara bhogakA mArga chor3a yogakA mArga apanAyA thaa| usa samaya vaidika Arya bhI tapake mahattvako mAnane lage the| kintu apane pradhAna karma agnihotrako chor3anemeM ve asamartha the| ataH unhoMne tapa aura agniko saMyukta karake pazcAgni tapako aMgIkAra kara liyA thaa| aise tApasiyoMse hI pArzvanAthakI bheMTa gaMgAke taTapara huI thii| pArzvanAthakA cAturyAma pArzvanAtha zramaNa paramparAke anuyAyI the| vaidika sAhityameM sarvaprathama hama vRhadAraNyaka upa0 meM ina zramaNoMkA nirdeza pAte haiN|

Page #226
201 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa vAlmIki rAmAyaNameM bhI zramaNoMkA nirdeza hai| jaina sAhityameM pA~ca prakArake zramaNa batalAye haiM-nigrantha, zAkya, tApasa, gauruka aura aajiivk| jaina sAdhuoMko nigrantha zramaNa kahate haiN| mahAvIrakA nirdeza bauddha tripiTikoMmeM nigaMTha nATaputta ( nirgrantha jJAnaputra ) rUpase milatA hai| tripiTakomeM nigranthakA ullekha bahudhA AyA hai| usa parase DA0 yAkovIne yaha pramANita kiyA thA ki buddhase pahale nigrantha sampradAya vartamAna thaa| aMguttara nikAyameM vappa nAmaka zAkyako nigranthakA zrAvaka vatalAyA hai| isa nikAyakI aTThakathAmeM likhA hai ki vaha vappa buddhakA cAcA hotA thaa| isakA matalaba yaha huA ki gautama buddhake janmase pahale athavA unakI bAlyAvasthAmeM nigranthakA dharma zAkya dezameM phailA huA thA / mahAbIra svAmI to buddhake samakAlIna the| ataH unhoMne to usa samaya taka nigrantha dharmakA pracAra nahIM kiyA thaa| ataH unase pUrva bhI nigrantha sampradAya bartamAna thA aisA mAnanA hI ucita hai| Age isa sambandhameM vistArase prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| ___ mahAbIrake pUrvavartI isa nigrantha sampradAyake netA bhagavAna pAva nAtha the| Adhunika itihAsajJoMke anusAra vahI nigrantha sampradAyake pravartaka the| pArzvanAthake nigrantha sampradAyakA kyA rUpa thA aura unhoMne kisa dharmakA upadeza diyA thA, ina bAtoMkI pUrI jAnakArI kara sakanA zakya nahIM hai kyoMki unake samayakA koI sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai| phira bhI jaina aura bauddha ullekhoMse itanA avazya prakaTa hotA hai ki pArzvanAthane 'caturyAma' dharmakA upadeza diyA thaa| caturyAma isa prakAra the-sarva prakArake prANaghAtakA tyAga, saba prakArake asatya vacanakA tyAga, sarva prakArake adattAdAna ( binA dI huI vastukA grahaNa ) kA tyAga

Page #227
202 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA aura saba prakArakI parigrahakA tyaag| inako 'yAma' kahA hai| 'yam' kA artha hai damana krnaa| cAra prakArase Atma damanakA nAma cAturyAma thaa| ina cAra yAmoMkA udgama vedoM yA upaniSadoMse nahIM huaa| kintu vedoMke pUrvase hI isa dezameM rahanevAle tapasvI RSi muniyoMke tapodharmase inakA udgama huA hai| (pA. cA0, pR0 15) / chA0 upa0 likhA hai ki devakIputra zrIkRSNako AMgirasaRSine AtmayajJakA vyAkhyAna kiyA thA aura tapa, dAna, Arjava, ahiMsA aura satyavacanako usakI dakSiNA batalAyA thaa| yaha AMgirasa RSi kauna the, kaba hue, yaha ajJAta hai| jaina granthoMke anusAra zrIkRSNake guru tIrthaGkara zrI neminAtha the| zrI kauzAmbI jIne usI AdhArase neminAthake AMgirasa RSi honekI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI thI, kintu isa saMbhAvanAke liye pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiN| phira bhI isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki chAndogya upaniSad ke samaya' ahiMsA satya, tapa, Adi kI dhvani vaidika kSetrameM bhI 1-'savvAto pANAtivAyAtroM veramaNaM, evaM musAvAyAtroM veramaNaM, savvAtoM AdinnAdANAoM veramaNaM, savvAzroM vahiddhAdANAtroM veramaNaM / " (sthA0, sU0 266) / 2-vRhadA raNyaka, chAndogya, taittirIya aura kauSItakI ye cAra upaniSada saba upaniSadoMmeM prAcIna mAne jAte haiM / saba prAcIna upaniSada bhI eka samaya ke nahIM haiM, vibhinna kAloMmeM unakI racanA huI hai / unameM jo paraspara virodhI aneka bAteM milatI haiN| unakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai / sAdhAraNatayA prAcIna upaniSadoMko buddha pUrvakA mAnA jAtA

Page #228
203 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa gUMjane lagI thii| kintu AMgirasako usakA mUla pravartaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ghora AMgirasake sambandhase kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki aise bhI RSi the jo jIvanameM ahiMsA satya Adike vyavahArako prazraya dete the| kintu cAturyAmarUpa dharmake saMsthApaka pArzvanAtha the yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai| unhoMne apane isa dharmakA pracAra sarva sAdhAraNameM kiyA aura muni AryikA zrAvaka zrAvikAke bhedase caturvidha saMghakI sthApanA kii| hama Age batalAyeMge ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM pArzvanAthake anuyAyI muni aura gRhastha vartamAna the| pArzvanAthake cAturyAma dharma tathA unake pracArake sambandhameM zrI kauzAmbIjIne likhA hai-"pArzvanAthane ina yAmoMko sArvajanika karanekA prayatna kiyaa| una tathA unake ziSyoMne logoMse milanevAlI bhikSApara nirvAha karake sAmAnya logoMmeM ina yAmoMkI zikSA denekI zuruAta kii| aura usakA yaha pariNAma huA ki brAhmaNoMke yajJayAga logoMko apriya hone lge| mahAvIra svAmI, buddha tathA anya zramaNoMne isa dayA dharmake pracArako cAlU rkhaa| aura isa kAraNa brAhmaNoMkI zramaNoMpara bizeSatayA jainoM aura bauddhoMpara vakra dRSTi ho gii| vAstavameM hai / pro0 mokSamUlarane likhA hai ki samasta vaidika sAhitya bauddha dharmake ( I0 pUrva 500 ) ke lagabhaga ) pUrvakA hai / bahutase vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki prAcInatama upaniSadoMko IsvI pUrva 600 se pUrva nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| DA0 vinTara nITs ne unheM IsvI pUrva 750-500 ke madhyameM rakhA hai| ataH yaha prAyaH nizcita hai ki upaniSada bhagavAna pArzvanAthase pUrvake nahIM hai / unake kAlase hI unakA praNayana prArambha huaA thaa|

Page #229
204 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA kevala brAhmaNoMkA virodha karaneke liye pArzvanAthane isa caturyAma dharmakI sthApanA nahIM kI thii| manuSya manuSyake bIca meM vaimanasya naSTa hokara samAja meM sukha zAnti lAnA isa dharmakA dhyeya thA / kintu pArzvanAthane RSi-muniyoM ke pAsase ahiMsA lii| usakA kSetra manuSya jAtike liye hI saMkucita karanA unake liye zakya na thA / jAnabUjhakara prANIkI hatyA karanA anucita hai. aisA pArzvanAthane pratipAdana kiyaa| aura usa samayakI paristhiti meM sAmAnya janatAko yaha ahiMsA pyArI lagI; kyoMki rAjA tathA sampanna brAhmaNa janatAse khetIke jAnavaroMko jabaradastI chInakara yajJabhAgoM meM usakA badha kara dete the / ' ( pA0 cA0, pR0 15-16) / Age bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke dvArA saMsthApita caturyAma dharmake AdhAra para hI bhagavAna mahAvIrane paJca mahAvratarUpa nigrantha mArgI tathA buddhadeva aSTAMga mArga kI sthApanA kI / kinhIM vidvAnoMkA aisA mata hai ki pArzvanAthane kevala AcAra rUpa dharmakI hI sthApanAkI thI. dArzanika kSetra meM unakI koI dena nahIM hai / saMbhavatayA unake isa matakA AdhAra tatsambandhI pramANoM kA abhAva hI hai; kyoMki pArzvanAthakA AtmA, nirvANa Adiko lekara kyA mata thA isake jAnanekA koI sAdhana hamAre pAsa nahIM hai / kintu pArzvanAtha ke samaya kI sthiti tathA bhagavAna mahAvIrake dvArA pravartita jaina darzanake tattvoMkA paryavekSaNa karanese ukta mata samIcIna pratIta nahIM hotA / pArzvanAthakA samaya bar3I uthala-puthalakA samaya thA / vaha brAhmaNa yuga anta aura aupaniSad athavA vedAnta yugake Arambha kA samaya thA / jahA~ usa samaya zatapatha brAhmaNa jaise

Page #230
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 205 brAhmaNa granthakA praNayana huA vahA~ vRhadAraNyakopaniSad ke dvArA upaniSadoM kI racanAkA sUtrapAtra huaa| aise uthala-puthala ke samaya meM binA kisI dArzanika bhittike kevala caturyAmarUpI stambhoMke AdhArapara dharmakA prasAda nahIM khar3A kiyA jA sakatA / zrahiMsA aura sarvasva tyAgako apanAkara nigrantha bananekA koI lakSya to honA hI cAhiye | Aga jalAkara tapasyA karaneko burA samajhakara bhI tapasyAkA mArga aMgIkAra karanevAle ke sAmane AtmA, punarjanma aura mokSakI koI na koI rUpa rekhA avazya rahI hogii| yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki punarjanmakA vicAra usa Aryetara saMskRtikI dena hai jo Rgvedase bhI prAcIna hai / ataH zramaNa paramparAke eka pramukha stambhakA ukta tattvoMke sambandha meM koI vicAra pradarzita na karanA sambhava pratIta nahIM hotA / dUsare, vidvAnoMse yaha bAta ajJAta nahIM hai ki buddha AtmA nirvANa Adi praznoMko avyAkRta kahakara TAla dete the / dIrghanikAya ke pAsAdika suttame buddhane isa bAtakA uttara diyA hai| ki AtmA Adike jhagar3e meM vaha kyoM nahIM pdd'e| unhoMne cundase kahA - 'cunda' anya sampradAyoMke parivrAjaka yadi pUcheM ki isa viSaya meM zramaNa gautamane kyoM kucha nahIM kahA ? to unheM aisA kahanA cAhiye - Aso ! na to yaha arthopayogI hai, na dharmopayogI ityAdi / kintu bhagavAna mahAvIrane isa prakAra ke kisI bhI praznako avyAkRta kahakara nahIM TAlA / isase yadyapi mahAvIrakI bahudarzitA aura bahujJatApara prakAza par3atA hai tathApi aisA bhI AbhAsa hotA hai ki AcAra viSayaka mantavyoM kI taraha katipaya dArzanika mantavya bhI bhagavAn mahAvIrako uttarAdhikArake rUpa meM paramparAse prApta hue the /

Page #231
206 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA prAcIna jaina siddhAnta granthoMkI carcA Age kI jaayegii| unameM aMga aura pUrva nAmaka siddhAnta grantha bhI the, jo naSTa ho gaye / pUrvoke viSayameM aisA bhI ullekha milatA hai ki ve bhagavAn mahAvIrase pahaleke the isIse unheM pUrva kahate the| una pUrvAMse hI aMgoMke vikAsake bhI ullekha milate haiN| isa parase DA0 yAkovI kA mata hai ki mahAvIrake pUrvavartI ninthoMke vahI dhArmika grantha the| tripiTakase yaha prakaTa hai ki bhagavAna buddha AcAraviSayaka niyamoMmeM AvazyakatAnusAra parivartana karate rahate the| kintu jainasAhityameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake sambandhameM isa prakArakA saMketa taka nahIM miltaa| isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki buddhane apanA pantha sthApita kiyA thA jaba ki mahAbIra usa nimrantha mArgake eka pravartaka the jo pAzva nAthake samayase calA AtA thaa| ataH nigrantha mArgakI nizcita AcAra paramparA tathA vicAra paramparA kA kucha aMza unheM avazya hI pUrvAgata prApta honA cAhiye / ataH bhagavAna mahAbIra dvArA pravartita jaina darzanake siddhAnta kevala mahAvIrakI hI dena nahIM hai unameM bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI bhI dena hai, kintu usa denakA vibhAgIkaraNa karanA zakya nahIM hai| tathApi jaina darzanakI prAcInatAko spaSTa karaneke liye DA0 yAkobIke eka lekhake AdhAra para yahA~ saMkSipta prakAza DAlA jAtA hai| bhAratIya darzanoMmeM jaina darzanakA sthAna hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki prophesara Dya sana (Deussen) ne upaniSadoMko cAra samUhoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA hai| prathama

Page #232
207 prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa samUhameM pA~ca upaniSad Aye haiM-vRhadAraNyaka, chAndogya, taittirIya, aitareya aura kaussiitkii| dUsare samUhameM kaThaka, Iza, zvetAzvara, muNDaka aura mahAnArAyaNa Ate haiN| aura tIsare samUhameM prazna, maitrAyaNI, aura mANDUkya Ate haiN| yaha hama pahale bhI likha Aye haiN| zvetAzvara u0 meM guNa (1-3), pradhAna (1-10) zabda tathA sAMkhyake anya pramukha vicAra milate haiN| ukta dvitIya tathA tRtIya samUhake upaniSadoMmeM bhI sAMkhyake katipaya maulika vicAra pAye jAte haiN| ataH DA0 yAkovIkA mata hai ki upaniSadoMke prathama aura dvitIya samUhake madhyameM sAMkhya darzanakA udaya huA hai| cUMki yogadarzanakA nikaTa sambandha bhI sAMkhyake sAtha hai. isaliye yogadarzanakA udaya bhI usI samaya honA cAhiye / uttara kAlIna katipaya upaniSadoMmeM, jinameM sAMkhya siddhAnta pAye jAte haiM yogakA nAma bhI AtA hai| kintu usase yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki vahA~ yoga se matalaba yoga darzana liyA hai yA yogAbhyAsa ? ___ usa yugameM jo maulika parivartana huA, sAMkhya-yogakA udaya kevala usakA eka cinha mAtra hai. vAstavika kAraNa nahIM hai / isakA vAstavika kAraNa to AtmAoMke amaratvameM vizvAsa thA, jo usa samaya sarvatra phailA huA thaa| kyoMki yaha aisA siddhAnta thA, jise mRtyuke pazcAta honevAle vinAzase bhIta janatAke bahubhAgakA samarthana milanA nizcita thaa| AtmAoMke amaratvake siddhAntane hI tarka bhUmimeM Akara jar3a tattvakI bhinnatAko pradarzita kiyA, jisakA prAcIna upaniSadoMmeM abhAva hai| ye donoM siddhAnta prArambhase hI jaina aura sAMkhya

Page #233
208 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA yoga jaise prAcInatama darzanoMke mukhya bhAga haiN| vaizeSika aura nyAyadarzanakA udaya to bahuta bAdameM huA hai aura ina donoMne bhI ukta donoM siddhAntoMko apanemeM sthAna diyA hai| bAdarAyaNane brahmasUtrameM vedAnta darzanako nibaddha kiyA hai| yadyapi yaha kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne upaniSadoMkI zikSAko hI vyavasthita rUpa diyA hai, kintu brahmasUtrameM bhI jIvako anAdi aura avinAzI mAnA hai| zaMkarAcAryane apane bhASyameM bhale hI isake viruddha pratipAdana kiyA hai| isake liye kalakattAke zrI abhayakumAra guhakA 'brahmasUtra meM jIvAtmA' zIrSaka nibandha paThanIya hai| ___ kaTha aura zvetAzvara upaniSadoMmeM brahmase AtmAoMkA pRthaka astitva mAnA hai, yadyapi dUsarI ora unameM donoMke aikyakA bhI samarthana milatA hai| kintu brahmasUtra to una upaniSadoMse bhI eka kadama Age bar3ha gayA hai / astu, isa taraha svataMtra AtmAoMkI amaratAmeM vizvAsa hI vicAroMko nayA rUpa pradAna karane meM mukhya kAraNa huA hai| usIne vaidika yugakA anta kiyA hai| usIke sAtha punarjanma aura karmakA siddhAnta sambaddha hai jinake viSayameM pahale likha hai / astu, ___pahale likha Aye haiM ki jaina aura sAMkhya yoga prAcInatama darzana haiM jo vaidika yugake antake sAtha hI sammukha Ate haiN| ye Upara batalAye gaye siddhAntoMke, khAsakara amara AtmAoMkA bahutva aura jar3ake pRthakatvake samarthaka haiN| yadyapi inhoMne ina vicAroMko apane-apane svataMtra DhaMgase vikasita kiyA hai, phira bhI donoMmeM kahIM-kahIM sAdRzyasA pratIta hotA hai|

Page #234
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa yahA~ hama vistArameM na jAkara saMkSepameM do eka muddoMpara prakAza DAlanekI ceSTA kreNge| jaina aura sAMkhya-yoga isa viSayameM eka mata hai ki jar3a ( Maller ) sthAyI hai| kintu usakI avasthAeM anizcita haiN| sAMkhya matake anusAra eka pradhAna hI nAnArUpa hotA hai, kintu jaina dharmake anusAra kevala pudgala dravya nAnA avasthAoMmeM parivartita hotA hai-AkAza Adi dravya parivartanazIla hote hue bhI akhaNDa aura avinAzI rahate haiN| ___ aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jabase jar3a aura cetanakA bheda vicArakoMke anubhavameM AyA tabhIse jar3ake viSayameM ukta mAnyatA pracalita hai| kintu uttarakAlameM ukta mUla siddhAntameM parivartana honA dRSTi gocara hotA hai / yaha parivartana hai cAra athavA pAMca bhUtoMkA eka dUsarese ekadama bhinna aura svataMtra astitva mAnA jAnA / yaha mata cArvAkoMkA thaa| cArvAka sAMkhya yogase arvAcIna hai| nyAya-vaizeSikane bhI isI matako apanAkara apane DhaMgase vikasita kiyaa| jaina aura sAMkhyayogane isa matakA eka matase virodha kiyA hai, jo isa bAtakA sUcaka hai ki bhUtavAdI mata arvAcIna honA caahiye| jaina pudgalako paramANu rUpameM mAnate haiM, kintu sAMkhya pradhAna yA prakRtiko vyApaka mAnatA hai| jainoMke anusAra paramANuoMke melase jIva, dharma dravya, adharmadravya, kAla aura AkAza dravyake sivAya zeSa saba vastue~ utpanna ho sakatI haiN| kintu sAMkhya matake anusAra pradhAnameM sattva raja aura tama nAmake tIna guNa haiM aura inhIMke melase eka pradhAnase mahAn ahaMkAra Adi pAMca tanmAtrA paryanta tattvoMkI uddhati 15

Page #235
210 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hotI hai| aura una pA~ca tanmAtrAoMse pAMcabhUta banate haiM / ataH mUla sAMkhyamata paramANuvAdako nahIM mAnatA thaa| kintu sAMkhya-yoga darzanake kucha granthakAra paramANu vAdako mAnate the aisA lagatA hai| ___ sAMkhya kArikAkI TIkAmeM gaur3apAdane binA virodha kiye paramANuvAdakA kaI jagaha nirdeza kiyA hai| yogasUtra ( 1.40 ) meM bhI use svIkAra kiyA hai / usake bhASya (1-40,43,44,3-52. 4-14 vagairahameM ) tathA vAcaspati mizrakI TIkA (1-44 ) meM bhI paramANuoMkA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| ina ullekhoMse pramANita hotA hai ki paramANuvAda siddhAnta itanA adhika lokasammata thA ki uttarakAlameM sAMkhyayogane bhI use svIkAra kara liyaa| aba Atmatattvako lIjiye Atmatattvake viSayameM jaina aura sAMkhyayoga katipaya mUla bAtoMmeM sahamata hai| AtmAe~ sanAtana aura avinAzI haiM, cetana haiM, kintu jar3akarmoMke kAraNa, jo anAdi haiM, unakA caitanya tirohita hai| mukti honepara karmoM kA anta ho jAtA hai| kintu AtmAke AkArake viSayameM jainoMkA apanA eka pRthaka mata hai jo kisI bhI darzanameM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| jaina mAnate haiM ki pratyeka AtmA apane zarIrake barAbara AkAravAlA hotA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mUlake sAMkhya isa viSayameM koI spaSTa mata nahIM rakhate the| kyoMki yoga bhASya (1-36 ) meM paJcazivakA mata udhdhRta kiyA hai jisameM AtmAko aNumAtra batalAyA hai| jabaki IzvarakRSNa tathA pazcAtke sabhI granthakAroMne AtmAko vyApaka likhA hai|

Page #236
prAcIna sthitikA anveSaNa 211 AtmAke karmabandhana aura karmose chuTakAreko lekara bhI sAMkhyayoga aura jainameM bahuta bheda hai| isake sivAya jaina darzana mAnatA hai ki pRthivI, jala, vAyu, agni aura vanaspatimeM bhI jIva hai aura usake kevala eka sparzana indriya hotI hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki jar3a aura AtmAko lekara jainadarzana aura sAMkhya-yogameM itanA sunizcita antara hai ki use dekhate hue yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jainoMne sAMkhyayogase yA sAMkhyayogane jainoMse kucha liyA hai| phira bhI sAMkhya aura jaina darzanakI AtmaviSavaka katipaya bAtoMmeM samAnatA dekhakara jekobIkA aisA anumAna hai ki ye donoM darzana lagabhaga eka hI kAlameM udita hue haiN| kauTilyake anusAra usake samayameM ( 300 I0 pUrva ) sAMkhyayoga aura lokAyata ye hI brAhmaNa darzana vartamAna the| ataH avazya hI ye kauTilyakAlase prAcIna hue khlaaye| aba hama bhagavAna pArzvanAthake aitihAsika vyakti honeke sambandhameM kucha pramANa upasthita kreNge| bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI aitihAsikatA na kevala jaina sAhityase kintu bauddha sAhityase bhI pArzva: nAthakI aitihAsikatA pramANita hotI hai| usake sambandhameM sarvaprathama eka bAta ullekhanIya hai| aura use hama apanI orase na likhakara DA0 yAkovIke hI zabdoMko lekara likhanA ucita samajhate haiN|

Page #237
212 jai0 0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA bauddha sAhitya ke ulla khoMke AdhArapara buddha se pahale nirgrantha sampradAyakA astitva pramANita karate hue sva0 DA0 yAkovIne likhA hai "yadi jaina aura bauddha sampradAya ekasA prAcIna hote, jaisA ki buddha aura mahAvIrakI samakAlInatA tathA donoM ko donoM sampradAyoMkA saMsthApaka mAnanese anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, to hameM yaha AzA karanI cAhiye thI ki donoMne apane-apane sAhitya meM apane pratidvandIkA avazya hI nirdeza kiyA hogA / kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai. bauddhoMne apane sAhitya meM yahA~ taka ki piTakoM meM bhI nigranthoMkA bahutAyata se nirdeza kiyA hai kintu prAcIna jaina sUtroMmeM mujhe bauddhoMkA kiJcit bhI nirdeza nahIM milA / isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bauddha nirgrantha sampradAyako eka pramukha sampradAya mAnate the kintu niryatha apane pratidvandiyoMkI upekSA taka kara sakate the / ataH uttarakAla meM donoM sampradAyoMke jaise pArasparika sambandha rahe usake yaha bilkula viparIta hai| aura yataH yaha donoM sampradAyoMke samakAla meM sthApita honeke hamAre anumAnake bhI viruddha hai ataH hama isa nirNaya para pahu~cate haiM ki buddhake samaya nirgrantha sampradAya koI navIna sthApita sampradAya nahIM thA / yahI mata piTakoM kA bhI jAna par3atA hai kyoMki hama unameM isake viparIta koI ullekha nahIM pAte / ( iM0 eMTi0, ji0 6, pR0 160 ) / * Jain Educationa International majjhima nikAyake mahAsiMhanAda suta ( pR0 48-50 ) meM buddhane apane prArambhika kaThora tapasvI jIvanakA varNana karate hue tapake ve cAra prakAra batalAye haiM jinakA unhoMne svayaM pAlana kiyA thaa| ve cAra tapa haiM - tapasvitA, rukSatA, jugupsA aura praviviktatA / tapasvitAkA artha hai naMge rahanA, hAthameM hI For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #238
bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 213 bhikSA bhojana karanA, keza dAr3hIke bAloMko ukhAr3anA, kaMTakAkIrNa sthala para zayana karanA / rUkSatA kA artha hai - zarIra para maila dharaNa karanA yA snAna na karanA / apane mailako na apane hAtha se parimArjita karanA aura na dUsarese parimArjita karAnA / jugupsAkA artha hai - jalakI bUMda taka para dayA karanA / aura praviviktatAkA artha hai - vanoM meM akele rahanA / ye cAroM tapa nigrantha sampradAya meM Acarita hote the / bhagavAna mahAvIrane svayaM inakA pAlana kiyA thA tathA apane nigranthoMke liye bhI inakA vidhAna kiyA thA / kintu buddhake dIkSA leneke samaya mahAvIra nirmantha sampradAyakA pravartana nahIM huA thA / ataH avazya hI vaha nirgrantha sampradAya mahAvIra ke pUrvaja bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA thA, jisake ukta cAra tapoMko buddhane dhAraNa kiyA thA, kintu pIche unakA parityAga kara diyA thA / ma0 ni0 ke ukta sutake kathanase yaha spaSTa hai / I di0 jainAcArya zrI devasenane vi0 saM0 660 meM pUrvAcArya pratipAdita gAthAoM kA saMkalana karate hue darzanasAra nAmake eka grantha racA thA jisameM aneka matoMkI utpatti batalAI gaI hai usameM bauddhamatakI utpatti batalAte hue likhA hai ki- 'pArzvanAtha' bhagavAnake tIrtha meM sarayU ke palAza nAmaka nagara meM pihitAsrava munikA ziSye buddha kIrti muni huA jo mahAzrutabar3A bhArI zAstrajJa thA / machaliyoMkA AhAra karane se vaha dhAraNa kI 1-'siripAsaNAititthe sarayUtIre palAsaNyarattho / muNI // 6 // paribhaho / etaM // 7 // piyAsavassa sisso mahAsudo buDDhakittI timipUraNAsahi zrahigayapavvajjAzro dharitA pavaDiyaM teNa rataMvaraM

Page #239
214 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA gaI pravrajyAse bhraSTa ho gayA aura usane raktAmbara dhAraNa karake ekAnta matakI pravRtti kii| yahA~ buddha kIrti buddhadevake liye hI AyA hai kyoMki Age gAthA 10 meM usake matakA pradarzana karate hue kahA hai ki pApa anya karatA hai aura phala anya bhogatA hai| yaha bauddha matake kSaNikavAdakA hI nirUpa hai| buddhako kaThora tapazcaryAmeM kucha sAra pratIta nahIM huA / isase unhoMne use chor3a diyaa| yaha bhI unake jIvana vRttameM milatA hai| bauddha vAGamayake prakANDa pANData aura buddha jIvanake viziSTa anveSaka zrI kauzambIne likhA hai ki'nirgranthoMke zrAvaka vappa zAkyake ullekhase prakaTa hai ki nigranthoMkA caturyAma dharma zAkyadeza taka pracalita thaa| parantu usa deza meM nigranthoMke Azrama honekA ullekha nahIM miltaa| isase aisA lagatA hai ki nigrantha zramaNa...... zAkya deza paryanta jAkara apane dharmakA upadeza karate the| zAkyoMmeM alAra kAlAmake zrAvaka adhika the kyoMki usakA Azrama kapilavastu nagara taka meM thaa| gautama bodhisatvane AlArake samAdhimArgakA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| aura gRhatyAga karane para to prathama vaha AlArake hI AzramameM gaye the| aura unhoMne usake yogamArgakA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| AlArane unheM samAdhike sAta caraNa sikhAye / usake pazcAt gautama udraka rAmaputrake pAsa gaye aura usase samAdhikA AThavA~ caraNa siikhaa| parantu usase unakA samAdhAna nahIM huA kyoMki usa samAdhise manuSyake bIcakI kalaha nahIM miTa sakatI thii| taba bodhisattva udraka rAmaputrakA Azrama chor3akara rAjagRha aaye| vahA~ ke zramaNa sampradAyoMmeM unheM nimranthoMkA cAturyAma saMvara vizeSa pasanda AyA, kyoMki

Page #240
bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 215 vuddhake dvArA khoje gaye Arya aSTAMgika mArgakA samAveza caturyAmameM ho jAtA hai / ' (pA0 cA0, pR0 24 ) / samyaka dRSTi, samyaka saMkalpa, samyak vacana, samyaka karmAnta, samyak AjIva. samyaka vyAyAma samyaka smRti aura samyaka samAdhi ye buddhakA Arya aSTAMgika mArga hai| ___ zrI kauzAmbIne Age likhA hai ki inake avalokanase yaha spaSTa hai ki buddhane pArzvanAthake cAra yAmoMko pUrNa rUpase svIkAra kara liyA thaa| una yAmoMmeM unhoMne alAra kAlAmakI samAdhi aura svayaM khojakara nikAlI gaI cAra Arya satya rUpa prajJAko jor3a diyaa| tathA una yAmoMko tapazcaryA aura AtmavAdase mukta kara diyA, kyoMki lagAtAra varSoM taka tapasyA karane para unheM lagA ki deha daNDana vyartha hI nahIM ulTA hAnikAraka bhI hai| buddhane tapazcaryAkA parityAga kara diyA thA isase loga unheM tathA unake anuyAyi ziSyoM ko ArAma pasanda kahate the| dIrgha nikAyake pAsAdika suttameM ( pR0 256 ) buddha cundase kahate hai'cunda ! aisA ho sakatA hai ki dUsare matavAle paribAjaka aisA kaheM-zAkyaputrIya zramaNa ArAmapasanda ho vihAra karate haiN| ...."cunda ! ye cAra prakArakI ArAmapasandago anartha yukta hai -- koI mUrkha jIvoMkA badha karake Anandita hotA hai, prasanna hotA hai| yaha pahalI ArAma pasandagI hai 1 / koI corI karake Anandita hotA hai yaha dUsarI rAma pasandagI hai 2 / koI jhUTha bolakara prasanna hotA hai yaha tIsarI ArAma pasandagI hai| koI pAMco bhogoMkA sevana karake Anandita hotA hai ye cauthI ArAma pasandagI hai 4 / ye cAroM sukhopabhoga nikRSTa haiM /

Page #241
216 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ho sakatA hai cunda ! dUsare matavAle sAdhu aisA kaheM - ina cAra sukhopabhoga ArAma pasandagIse yukta ho zAkyaputrIya zramaNa vihAra karate haiN| unheM kahanA cAhiye-aisI bAta nahIM hai| unake viSayameM aisA mata kaho, una para jhUThA doSAropaNa na karo / isase spaSTa hai ki buddhake matameM cAra yAmoMkA pAlana karanA hI tapazcaryA mAnI jAtI thIM / ataH buddhane pArzvanAthake cAturyAma dharma: ko svIkAra kiyA thaa| ___ DA. yAkovIne 'mahAbIra aura unake pUrvaja' zIrSaka apane eka lekha meM likhA hai ki chai tIthikoMke sambandhameM 'jemsa DI alavisa (James D -Alvis' ) ne apane eka nibandhameM likhA thA ki aisA prakaTa hotA hai ki 'digambara' sAdhuoMkA eka prAcIna sampradAya mAnA jAtA thA / tathA ye sabhI vipakSI tIrthika apane siddhAntoMmeM athavA dhArmika kriyAoMmeM jaina dharmake prabhAvako apanAye hue the -gozAla makkhaliputra naMgA rahatA thA, pUraNa kAzyapane yaha socakara ki digambara rahanese merI vizeSa pratiSThA rahegI, vastra dhAraNa karanA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ajitakeza kamvalI vRkSoMmeM jIva mAnatA thA aura jo vRkSa kATatA thA use doSI karAra detA thaa| prakruddha kAtyAyana pAnI meM jIva mAnatA thaa| isa taraha usa samayake cAra torthika jaina dharmake siddhAntoMse prabhAvita the / isase prakaTa hotA hai ki mahAvIrake samaya jainAcAra aura vicAra avazya hI pravartita the| ataH nigrantha mahAvIra se bahuta pahalese cale Ate the / ( inDi0 eNTi. ji06)| bauddha tripiTikase yaha prakaTa hai ki buddhake samaya bhAratavarSameM zramaNoMke koI 63 sampradAya vidyamAna the| jinameM se chai bahuta

Page #242
bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 217 hI pramukha the| ina pramukha chai sampradAyoMke prAcArtha the-pUraNa kAzyapa makkhali gosAla, ajita kesakambala, prakudha kAtyAyana, nigaMTha nAthaputta ( mahAvIra ), aura saMjaya belaTTiputta / dIrgha nikAyake sAmaJjaphalasutta ( pR0 21) meM ina chahoMkA mata pratipAdita hai| usameM nigaMTha nAthaputtako caturyAma saMvaravAdI kahA hai| ve cAra saMbara isa prakAra batalAye haiM-1-nigaMTha (nigrantha ) jalake vyavahArakA vAraNa karatA hai (jisameM jalake jIva na mreN)| 2-sabhI pApoMkA vAraNa karatA hai| 3-sabhI pApoMkA vAraNa karanese dhutapApa hotA hai| 4-sabhI pApoMke vAraNameM lagA rahatA hai| ___ isI taraha ma0ni0 ( pR0 225 ) meM upAli gRhapatise vAtIlApa karate hue gautama buddhane kahA hai- gRhapati ! yahA~ eka cAturyAma saMvarase saMvRta ( gopita-rakSita) saba vArise nivArita, sava vAri ( vAritoM) ko nivAraNa karanemeM tatpara saba ( pApa-) vArise dhulA huA, saba (pApa) vArise chUTA huA nigrantha hai|' yadyapi nimrantha sAdhu jo Aja jaina kahalAte haiM zIta jalakA vyavahAra nahIM karate aura saba pApoMkA vAraNa karanemeM bhI tatpara rahate haiM kintu ina bAtoMko caturyAmoMmeM kahIM bhI nahIM ginaayaa| ataH ukta bauddha ullekha avazya hI bhrAnta hai| kintu isa bhrAntimeM hI pArzvanAthakI aitihAsikatAke bIja zrI yAkobIne dekheN| unhoMne likhA hai-'nizcaya hI yaha jaina mAnyatAkA yathArtha varNana nahIM hai yadyapi usameM aura jaina mAnyatAmeM kucha virodha bhI nahIM hai| jaisA ki maiMne anyatra spaSTa kiyA hai mere vicArase 'cAturyAma

Page #243
218 jai0 sA0 i.-pUrva pIThikA saMvara saMvuto' ko samajhane meM bauddha TIkAkArane hI bhUla nahIM kI kintu mUla granthakArane bhI bhUla kI hai kyoMki pAlIzabda cAturyAma aura prAkRtazabda cAtujjAma tulsA haiN| cAtujjAma eka prasiddha jaina pAribhASika zabda hai jo mahAvIrake pAMca mahAvratoMke sthAnameM pArzva ke cAra vratoMko batalAtA hai| ataH merA anumAna hai ki usa siddhAntako, jo vAstavameM mahAvIrake pUrvaja pArzvanAthakA thA, mahAvIrakA batalAnemeM bhUla kI hai| yaha bhUla mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki yadi bauddhoMne pArzva ke anuyAyiyoMse ukta cAturyAma ko na sunA hotA to nirgantha sampradAyake nirdezakake rUpameM ve usakA prayoga na krte| tathA yadi buddhake samayameM mahAvIrake kiye gaye sudhAroMko saba nigranthoMne svIkAra kara liyA hotA to bhI bauddhoMne 'cAturyAma saMvara saMvutoM' kA prayoga na kiyA hotaa| ataH bauddhoMkI bar3I bhUlako maiM isa jaina kathanakI ki mahAvIrake samaya meM pArzva ke anuyAyI vartamAna the-satyatAke pramANa rUpameM pAtA hU~ ( se0 bu0 I0, ji0 45, prastA0 pR0 21) isa taraha bauddha tripiTakoMke ullekhoMse yaha pramANita hotA hai ki buddhake bAlyakAla meM bhI nirgrantha zrAvaka vartamAna the tathA buddha pArzvanAthake caturyAmase na kevala paricita the kintu unhoMne use hI vikasita karake apane aSTAMgika mArgakA nirdhAraNa kiyA thaa| aura unake samayameM pArzvanAthake anuyAyI nigrantha vartamAna the| ___ aba hama jaina sAhityase isa sambandhameM kucha pramANa upasthita kreNge|

Page #244
bhagavAn pArzvanAtha katipaya jainaullekha uttarAdhyayana sUtrake 23 va adhyayanakA kezI gautama saMvAda bhI isa sambandhameM ullekhanIya hai / usameM likhA hai saMbuddhappA ya savvaNNu tasya logappadIvassa kesI kumArasamaNe, 1 - jiNe pAseti NAmeNaM, rahA, loga pUie / dhammatitthayare jiNe // 1 // si sIse mahAyase / vijAcaraNanArage // 2 // sIsaghAule | buddha, sAvatthi purimAgae // 3 // hinA sue gAmAzugAmaM rIyaMte, teMduyaM nAma ujjANaM, tammI nagaramaMDale / phAsue sejjasaMthAre, tatthavAsamuvAgae // 4 // graha teNeva kAleNaM dhammatitthayare jiNe / bhagavaM vaddhamANuti, savvalogambhi vistue // 5 // tassa logapaIvassa zrAsi sIse mahAyase / bhayavaM goyame nAma, vijjAcaraNapArage // 6 // sIsasaMghasamAule | vArasa gavibuddhe gAmAzugAmaM rIyaMte se visAvatthI mAgae // 7 // koTTagaM gAma ujjANaM tammi nayaramaMDale / phAsue sijjasaMthAre, tattha vAsamuvAgae // 8 // X X sIsAraNaM vinnAya graha te tattha *...je kulamavekkhaMto, teMduyaM pucchAmi te mahAbhAga ! kesI pravitakkayaM / vaNamAgo // 15 // gomamavvavI | iNamavvavIM / / 22 / / "to kesI zraNunnAra, goyamaM Jain Educationa International 219 X For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #245
220 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA "pArzvanAthake eka mahAyazasvI ziSya zramaNa kezIkumAra the, jo jJAna aura caritrake pAragAmI the| ve apane ziSyoMke sAtha grAma grAma bhramaNa karate hue zrAvastI nagarImeM Aye aura vahA~ tiNDuka nAmaka udyAnameM Thahare // usI samaya sarvalokameM vizruta dharma tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIrake ziSya, dvAdazAMgavettA mahAyazasvI bhagavAna gautama bhI grAma-grAmameM vicaraNa karate hue apane ziSyasaMghake sAtha zrAvastI nagarImeM padhAre aura koSThaka nAmaka udyAnameM tthhre| donoMke guNavAn saMyamI aura tapasvI ziSyoMko yaha cintA (vicAra) utpanna huI ki yaha dharma kaisA hai aura vaha dharma kaisA hai ? mahA muni pAvane cAturyAma aura sAntarottara dharmakA kathana kiyA aura mahAvIrane paJcazitA rUpa tathA acelaka dharmakA kathana kiyaa| eka hI mokSarUpI kAryake liye pravRtta ina donoM dharmoM meM bhedakA kyA kAraNa hai ? apane-apane ziSyoMke isa vitarkako jAnakara kezI gautamane parasparameM milanekA vicAra kiyaa| 'vinayake mamajJa gautama kezIko jyeSThakula (pArzvanAthake ziSya honese ) kA mAnakara apane ziSya saMghake sAtha tainduka cAujjAmo ya jo dhammo, jo imo pNcsikkhiyo| desino vaddhamANe pAseNa ya mahAmuNI / / 23 // ekakajjapavaNNANaM, visese kiM nu kAraNaM ? dhamme duvihe mehAvI ! kahaM vippaccoM na te // 24 // to kesi buvaMtaM tu, goyamo iNamavanvI / pannA samikkhae dhammatattaM tattaviNicchiyaM // 25 // purimA ujjujaDA u, vaka jaDDA ya pacchimA / majjhimA ujjupannA u teNa dhammo duhA kae // 26 //

Page #246
bhagavAn pAzvanAtha 221 udyAnameM gaye / gautamako AtA dekha zramaNa kezIkumArane unakA yathocita samAdara kiyA aura baiThane ke liye prAsuka tRNoMkA Asana pradAna kiyA / taba kezIne gautamase pUchA-he mahAbhAga ! mahAmuni pArzvane cAturyAma dharmakA aura vardhamAnane paJca zikSArUpa dharmakA upadeza kiyaa| eka hI kAryake liye pravRtta dharmameM bhedakA kAraNa kyA hai ? kezIkA prazna suna kara gautama bole-dharma tattvakI samIkSA buddhi para nirbhara hai| RSabha deva ke ziSya Rju jar3a the aura mahAvIrake ziSya vakra jar3a haiM / kintu bIcake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke tIrthameM hone vAle ziSya Rju aura samajhadAra the| isIliye dharmameM bheda pdd'aa|" kezI gautama saMvAdase yaha bilkula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM bhI pArzvanAthake anuyAyI zramaNa saMgha maujUda the| ataH bauddhoMne jo nimranthake liye caturyAma saMvarase saMvRta batalAyA hai vaha bhI avazya hI isa bAtakA sUcaka hai ki buddhakAlameM pArzvanAthake anuyAyI nimrantha maujUda the| zvetAmbarIya jainAgamoMmeM aise aneka vyaktiyoMkA nirdeza hai jinheM 'pAsAvaccijja' kahA gayA hai| isakA saMskRtarUpa pAzvAtatyIya hotA hai| TIkAkAroM ne isakA artha 'pArzva svAmIke 1-pro0 dalasukha mAlavANiyAne unakI saMkhyA 510 batalAI hai unameMse 503 sAdhu the| dekho-jainapra0 kA utthAna mahAvIrAGka pR0 47 / ___2-'pApityasya-pArzvasvAmiziSyasya apatyaM-ziSyaH pAvApatyIyaH' ( sU0 2-7 ) / 'pApityAnAM-pArzvajinaziSyANAmayaM pAvapityIyaH ( bhaga0 1-6) / pArzvanAthaziSyaziSye ( sthA0 6) / cAturyAmika sAdhau ( bhaga0 15) /

Page #247
222 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ziSyake ziSya' kiyA hai| bhagavatI (15) kI TIkAmeM pAAtyIyakA artha karate hue cAturyAmika sAdhu bhI kiyA hai| AcA01 sU0 ( 2~15-15 ) meM bhagavAna mahAbIrake pitA siddhArthako pArthApatyIya zramaNopAsaka aura mAtA trizalAko pArthApatyIya zramaNopAsikA likhA hai| ___ ina pApityIyoMke sambandhameM Age aura bhI vizeSa prakAza DAlA jaayegaa| yahA~ to kevala yahI batalAne ke liye unakA ullekha mAtra kiyA gayA hai ki pArzvanAtha vAstavameM eka aitihAsika vyakti the| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI aitihAsikatAke AdhAroMpara prakAza DAlaneke pazcAt hama bhagavAna mahAvIrakI ora Ate haiN| nigaMTha nATaputta aura vardhamAna mahAvIrakA aikya sabase prathama isa zaMkAkA nivAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai ki bauddha piTakoMmeM nirdiSTha nigaMTha nATaputta ho jainoMke antima tIrthaGkara mahAbIra haiM isameM kyA prama Na hai ? nigaMTha nATaputta nirgranthoMke bar3e bhArI saMghake adhipati the yaha bauddha piTakoMke ullekhoMse spaSTa hai| ataH nirgrantha sAdhu honeke kAraNa unheM nigaMTha (nigrantha ) kahA gayA hai aura nigranthoMke AcAra vicArake viSayameM jo kucha bauddha sAhityameM kahA gayA hai vaha bhI bahuta kucha aMzoMmeM jaina sAdhu ke AcArase bhinna nahIM hai| ataH Aja jo jaina sampradAyake 1-mahAvIrassa ammA piyaro pAsAvaccijA /

Page #248
bhagavAna mahAvIra 2.3 nAmase khyAta hai buddhake samayameM use nirgrantha kahate the| isameM sandehakA koI kAraNa nahIM pratIta hotaa| digambara tathA zvetAmbara donoM isa bAtase sahamata haiM ki mahAvIra kuNDapura yA kuNDa grAmake rAjA siddhArthake putra the| aura siddhArtha digambarIya ullekhoMke anusAra NAha vaMza yA nAtha vaMzake kSatriya the aura zvetAmbarIya' ulle khoMke anusAra NAya kulake the / isIse mahAvIrako raNAyakulacanda aura NAyaputta kahA hai| NAha, NAya, NAta ye saba zabda eka hI arthake vAcaka haiN| isIse buddhacaryA meM zrI rAhulajIne nATaputtakA artha- jJAtRputra aura nAtha putra donoM kiyA hai| ataH digambaroMke anusAra mahAbIra nAthaputra the to zvetAmbaroMke anusAra jJAtRputra the| ataH bauddha granthoMmeM nirdiSTa NATaputta avazya hI jaina tIrthaGkara mahAbIra haiN| usa samaya jAti aura dezake AdhArapara isa tarahake nAmoMke vyavahAra karanekA calana thaa| jaise buddhako zAkyaputra kahA hai kyoMki vaha zAkya vaMzake the aura unakA janma zAkya deza ( kapilavastu ) meM huA thaa| isIse unake anuyAyI zramaNa zAkyaputrIya zramaNa ( bu0 ca0, pR. 551 ) kahe jAte the| isI taraha mahAbIra bhI apanI jAti tathA vaMzake AdhAra para 1-kuNDapurapuravarissarasiddhatthakkhattiyassa NAhakule / tisilAe devIe devIsadasevamANAe // 23 // -ja. gha0, bhA0 1, pR0 78 'NAhoggavaMsesu vi vIra pAsA' // 550 // ti0 pa0, a0 4 / 'ugranAthau pArzvavIrau'-dazabha0, pR0 248 / 2-NAtaputte mahAvIre evamAha jiNuttameM'-sUtra0 1 zru 1, 10, 1 u0 /

Page #249
224 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA NATaputta kahe jAte the| aura unake anuyAyI nigrantha 'nAtha' putrIya nirgaTha' (bu0 ca0, pR0481) kahe jAte the| 1-zrI bebarane apanI pustikA 'inDiyana sekTa Apha dI jainAs' meM isa viSayapara prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai "bauddha tripiTakoMkA siMhalI saMskaraNa sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatImeM usako antima rUpa diyA gayA aisA vidvAnoMkA mata hai| usameM nigaMThoMkA eka virodhI sAdhu sampradAyake rUpameM bahutAyata se ullekha milatA hai| tathA saMskRtameM likhe gaye uttarIya bauddha sAhityameM nirgranthoMko buddhakA pratidvandI batalAyA hai / una nigaMThoM yA ninthoMke pramukhakA nAma pAlImeM nATaputta aura saMskRta meM zAtiputra diyA hai| jisakA artha hotA hai 'nATa athavA jJAti kA putra / ' vardhamAnane jisa vaMzameM janma liyA thA, usakA nAma jJAti, jJAta yA nAtha thaa| ataH bauddha granthoM meM pAye jAnevAle nATa yA jJAti zabdake sAtha mahAvIrake vaMzake nAmakI samAnatA pratyakSa hai| aura cUki prAcIna bauddha sAhityameM kisI byaktike nAmake sthAna meM jisa vaMzameM usakA janma huA hai usake putrake rUpameM usakA ullekha karanekI paramparA pracalita thI, jaise buddha ke lie zAkya putra aura usake anuyAyI sAdhuoMke liye 'zAkya putrIya zramaNa' zabdoMkA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / ataH yaha anumAna karanemeM koI kaThinAI nahIM hai ki nigaMThoM yA nigranthoMke pramukha nATaputta yA jJAtiputra aura jJAta vaMzake uttarAdhikArI tathA nirgrantha athavA jaina sampradAyake antima tIrthaGkara vardhamAna eka hI vyakti haiN| yadi hama isa vicArakA anusaraNa karate hue bauddhoMke buddhake virodhiyoMse sambandha rakhanevAlI vibhinna carcAoMko ekatra kareM to yaha spaSTa hai ki vardhamAna ke sAtha nigaMTha nATa puttakI ekatA sunizcita hai / ( i0 se0 jai0, pR. 26) ---------... nATaputta ke jIvana aura vyaktitvake sambandhameM bauddhoMkI carcA aura bhI

Page #250
bhagavAn mahAvIra 225 isake sivAya ma0 ni0 ( sAgagAmasutta ) meM nigrantha jJAtaputrakA maraNa bhI pAvAmeM batalAyA hai jaisA ki jaina paramparAmeM mahAbIrakA nirvANa batalAyA hai| yadyapi bauddha sAhityakI pAvA jaina pAva' se bhinna hai, tathApi nAma sAmyase vyaktike aikyakA hI samarthana hotA hai| janma sthAna bhagavAna mahAbIrakA janma kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAmameM huA thaa| yaha donoM sampradAyoMko mAnya haiN| kintu kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAma kahA~ thA, isameM vipratipatti hai| sAdhAraNatayA aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki kuNDapura eka bar3A nagara thA aura siddhArtha eka zaktizAlI rAjA the| kintu AcA0 sU0 (2 zru0, 3 cU0, sU0 366 ) meM kuNDagrAmako eka saniveza kahA hai| usake anusAra kuNDapura nAmake do sanniveza the eka mAhaNa kuNDapura aura dUsarA khattiyakuNDapura / arthAt eka kuNDapura brAhmaNoMkA thA aura eka kSatriyoM kA thaa| mAhaNa ullekhanIya hai / ve bArambAra kahate haiM ki nigaMTha nATa putta apanekA arhat kahate haiM aura sarvajJa honekA dAvA karate haiM / jaina vardhamAnako arhat aura sarvajJa mAnate hI haiN| dharma parivartanakA itihAsa hameM batalAtA hai ki nATaputta aura unake ziSya nigrantha apane zarIra ko DhAMkanese ghRNA karate the| vardhamAnake viSayameM bhI hamase aisA hI kahA jAtA hai |......."atH jainoMkA vardhamAna nATaputta buddha ke pratidvandIke sivAya dUsarA nahIM hai / bauddha tripiTakoM tathA anya bauddha sAhityake vivaraNoMse prakaTa hotA hai ki buddha kA yaha pratidvandI bar3A prabhAvazAlI zrataeva bar3A khataranAka thaa| tathA buddha ke samayameM hI usakA dharma kAfI phaila cukA thA / ( i0 se0 jai0, pR0 36 ) / 15

Page #251
226 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kuNDapura dakSiNakI ora thA aura kSatriya kuNDapura uttara kI or| sannivezakA artha-nagarake bAharakA pradeza, par3Ava, aura grAma nagara Adi sthAna bhI hai| ( pA0 sa0 ma0 meM 'sanniveza' zabda ) / isase kuNDapura koI mahattvakA svataMtra nagara pratIta nahIM hotaa| ___ saMskRta' nirvANa bhaktimeM, jise pUjyapAdakRta mAnA jAtA hai, 'videha kuNDapure' likhakara kuNDapurako videhameM batalAyA hai| usa samaya videha dezakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI thI, aura bhagavAna mahAbIrakI jananI videhake licchavi gaNataMtrake pramukha rAjA ceTakakI putrI thii| AcA0 sU0 (2-3-400) meM bhagavAnakI jananIke tIna nAma diye haiM-tisalA, videha dinnA aura piykaarinnii| inameMse digambara paramparAmeM do nAma pracalita haiM trisalA aura priykaarinnii| tIsarA nAma 'videhadinnA' videha dezakI honeke kAraNa diyA gayA hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki kSatriyANI trizalA videha deza kI thii| 1-kuDapurapura varissara siddhatthakkhattiyassa NAhakule / tisilAe devIe devIsadasevamANAe // 23 / / acchittA NavamAse aTThayadivase caitta-siyapakkhe / terasie rattIe jAduttaraphagguNIe du // 24 / / -jaya0 dha0, 1 bhA0, pR0 78 / 2-"siddhArthanRpatitanayo bhAratavAsye videhakuNDapure / devyAM priyakAriNyAM susvapnAn saMpradayaM vibhuH // 4 // " 'bharatesmin videhAkhye viSaye bhavanAGgaNe // 251 // rAjJaH kuNDapurezasya vsudhaaraapttprthuH"||252|| uttarapu0, parva 74 /

Page #252
bhagavAn mahAvIra 227 isI taraha bhagavAna mahAvIrako 'nAe nAyaputte nAyakulanivvatte videhe videhajacce videha sUmAle tIsaM vAsAiM videhaM sitti kaTTa, agAramajhe vasittA' (AcA0 sU0 2-3-402 sU0) ityAdi likhA hai| jisakA Azaya hai ki bhagavAna mahAbIra nAtha yA jJAta. kulake aura videha deza ke the| .. kintu sUtrakRtAGga' meM bhagavAna mahAvIrako vaisAliya ( vaizAlika) kahA hai| parantu zve0 aMga granthoMke prasiddha TIkAkAra zIlAGkako bhI 'vaizAlika' zabdakA ThIka-ThIka artha jJAta nahIM thA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne eka zloka uddhRta karake bhagavAnako vaizAlika kahane meM tIna hetu diye haiM-'unakI mAtA vizAlA' thI, ve vizAla kulameM utpanna hue the, tathA unake vacana bhI vizAla the| isaliye unheM vaizAlika kahate the|' isake sambandhameM DA0 yAkovIne (se0 bu0 I0, ji0 22 kI prastA0, pR0 11) meM likhA hai-'yaha matibheda pramANita karatA hai ki vaizAlika zabdake vAstavika arthaka viSayameM koI prAmANika paramparA nahIM thii| ataH uttarakAlIna jainoMne 'vaizAlika' kA jo banAvaTI artha kiyA, usakI pUrNa upekSA karanA nyAyya hI 1-arahA nAyadhutte bhagavaM vesAlie viyAhie // 22 // -sU0 1 zru0; 2 a, 3 u0 / 2-'arhan surendrAdipUjA) jJAtaputro barddhamAna svAmI RSabha svAmI vA bhagavAn aizvaryAdiguNayukto vizAlyAM nagayoM vardhamAno'smAkamAkhyAtavAn / RSabhasvAmI vA vizAlakulodbhavatvAd vaizAlikaH / tathA coktam-vizAlA jananI yasya vizAlaM kulameva vA / vizAlaM vacanaM cAsya tena vaizAliko jinH|'--suutr0 1 zru0, 2 a0, 3 u0, 22 sUtra /

Page #253
228 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hai| 'vaizAlika' kA artha spaSTa rUpase 'vaizAlIkA vAsI' hotA hai| aura jaba kuNDagrAma vaizAlIkA bAhya bhAga thA to mahAbIrako vaizAlika kahanA ucita hI hai|' kuNDagrAma vaizAlIkA hI eka vAhya bhAga thA isake samarthanameM DA0 yAkobIne bauddha sAhityake AdhArase eka upapatti dI hai jo isa prakAra hai 'bauddha grantha mahAvaggameM hama par3hate haiM ki jaba buddha 'koTiggAma' meM the to nikaTavartI rAjadhAnI vaizAlIke licchavi aura gaNikA ambapAlI unake darzanArtha Aye the| koTigagAmase ve nAtikAoMke nivAsasthAnapara gye| vahA~ ve nAtikA bhavanameM tthhre| nAtikA bhavanake nikaTa gaNikA ambapAlIkA AmrapAlIbana' nAmaka udyAna thaa| nAtikAse buddha vaizAlI gaye jahA~ unhoMne nigranthoMke gRhastha ziSya senApati siMhako bauddha dharmameM dIkSita kiyaa| ataH yaha bahuta kucha sambhava hai ki bauddhoMkA koTiggAma hI jainoMkA kuNDagrAma ho| nAmoMkI samAnatAke sivAya nAtikAoMkA nirdeza bhI isIkA samarthana karatA hai kyoMki nAtikA spaSTa hI jJAtrika kSatriyoMkA sUcaka hai| mahAvIra inhIM jJAtrika kSatriyoMke vaMzaja the| ataH sambhavatayA kuNDagrAma videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlIke upanagaroMmeMse thaa|' (se0 bu0 I0ji022, prastA0, pR0 11) ___mahAparinivvANasuttake rAhulajIkRta hindI anuvAdake anusAra buddha rAjagRhIse ambalaTThikA gaye, vahA~se nAlandA, nAlandAse pATaligrAma gaye / usa samaya magadhake mahAmAtya vajiyoMko rokaneke liye pATaligrAmameM pATalIputranagarakA nirmANa karate the| pATaligrAmameM gaMgA nadIko pAra karake buddha

Page #254
bhagavAn mahAvIra 226 koTigrAma Aye / koTigrAmase nAdikA aura nAdikAse vaizAlI Aye / isa taraha pATalIputrase vaisAlIke rAste para gaMgA aura vaizAlIke bIca meM koTigrAma avasthita thaa| koTigrAma aura vaizAlIke madhyameM nAdikA thI / DA0 yAkovIne nAtikA' zabda para TippaNImeM likhA hai-'jisa vAkyameM 'nAtikA AyA hai use TIkAkArane tathA Adhunika anuvAdakoM ne galata samajhA hai aisA pratIta hotA hai| mahAparinivvANasuttake anuvAdameM (se0 bu0 I0. ji0 11) eka noTa ( pR024) meM, re DeviDa kahate haiM ki-'prathama to do bAra nAdikAkA prayoga bahu vacanameM kiyA hai aura tIsarI bAra eka vacana meM / buddhaghoSa usakI vyAkhyAmeM kahate haiM ki eka hI jalAzayake taTapara eka hI nAmake do grAma the| merI rAyameM bahubacana 'nAtikA' zabda kSatriyoMkA vAcaka hai aura eka vacana nAtikA zabda giMjakAvasatha' kA vizeSaNa hai.............|' merA vicAra hai ki 'nAdikA' zabda azuddha hai aura nAtikA zuddha hai| zrI re DeviDane apane anuvAdakI zabdasUcImeM yaha likhakara bhI ki 'nAdikA paTanAke pAsa hai' galatI kI hai| mahAvaggake varNanase yaha spaSTa hai ki nAtikA aura koTiggAma vaizAlIke pAsa haiN| (se0 bu0 I0, ji0 22, prastA0 pR0 10 kA TippaNa naM0 2) / rAhulajIne yadyapi nAdikA zabda hI rakhA hai| kintu unakA abhiprAya vahI hai, jo 'nAtikA' zabdako zuddha mAnakara DA0 yAkovI kA thA, kyoMki rAhulajIne bhI nAdikA zabdake TippaNameM likhA hai-'eka jJAtRyo ( -Ati,=jJAta =jJAtara =jAtara= jatariyA=jathariyA =jaithariyA) ke gA~va meM / nAdikA = jJAtakA = nattikA = tvattikA = rattikA - rattI, jisake nAmase varta

Page #255
230 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA mAna rattI paraganA (ji* mujaphpharapura ) hai| (bu0 ca0, pR0 526, kA tti02)| nATaputta ( mahAvIra ) para TippaNImeM rAhulajIne likhA hai'nATaputta' jJAtaputra / jJAtR licchaviyoMkI eka zAkhA thI, jo vaizAlIke AsapAsa rahatI thii| jJAtRse hI vartamAna jathariyA zabda banA hai| mahAbIra aura jathariyA donoMkA gotra kAzyapa hai| Aja bhI jathariyA bhUmihAra brAhmaNa isa pradezameM bahuta saMkhyA meM hai| unakA nivAsa rattI paraganA bhI jJAta = nattI= lattIrattIse banA hai|' ( bu0 ca0, pR0 110, kA tti03)| Upara uddhRta jaina aura bauddha ullekhoMke anusAra kuNDapura yA kuNDagrAma videha dezameM vaizAlIke nikaTa honA cAhiye / aura cUMki jina jJAtRvaMzI licchaviyoMke kulameM mahAbIrane janma liyA thA, unake vaMzaja Aja bhI jathariyA jAtike rUpameM bihArake mujaphpharapura jile ke rattI paraganAmeM nivAsa karate haiM, tathA mujaphpharapura jilekA basAda grAma hI vaizAlI thA, ataH kuNDagrAma bhI usIke nikaTa honA caahiye| bauddha granthoMkA koTigrAma nAtikA aura vaizAlIke bIcameM avasthita thaa| sambhava hai vahI jaina sAhityakA kuMDagrAma ho jaisA ki DA0 yAkobIkA anumAna hai| Adhunika' anveSakoMkA prAyaH yahI mata hai ki mujaphpharapura jilemeM sthita vasAr3ha hI prAcIna vaizAlI hai| aba kuMDagrAmako vAsukuMDa kahate haiM aura vaha prAcIna vaizAlIkA hI eka bhAga thaa| vaizAlI ke tIna bhAga the-eka khAsa vaizAlI ( basAi), eka kuMDapura (vAsukuMDa) aura eka vAniyagAma ( bniyaa)| unameM 1-0 nA0 iM0 pR0 84 kA Ti0 4 / 2-pro. rA. ai0 so0 baM0 1868 meM DA0 hArnale kA bhASaNa pR. 30 /

Page #256
bhagavAn mahAvIra 231 brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura baniye rahate the| aba ve tInoM sthAna vasAr3ha, vAsukuMDa aura aura baniyA nAmaka gA~va se pahacAne jAte haiN| mAtRkula tathA pitRkula yadi, jaisA ki prApta ullekhoMke AdhAra para anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, kuNDapura vaizAlIkA eka upanagara thA, to usake svAmI sidhdArtha, jo bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA the, avazya hI koI bahuta bar3e rAjA nahIM hone caahieN| asalameM usa samaya videhameM rAjataMtra nahIM thaa| kintu licchaviyoM kA gaNataMtra thaa| sabagaNa milakara apanA eka mukhiyA cuna lete the aura vahI gaNataMtrakA pradhAna hotA thaa| usa samaya usa licchaviyoMke gaNataMtrakA pradhAna rAjA ceTaka thA aura digambara' ullekhoMke anusAra rAjA ceTaka kI putrI aura zvetAmbarIya' ullekhoMke anusAra rAjA ceTakakI bahina trizalA yA priyakAriNIkA vivAha siddhArthase huA thaa| isa liye siddhArtha bhale hI bar3e rAjA na rahe hoM, kintu usa gaNataMtrameM unakA eka prabhAvazAlI vyakti honA spaSTa hai| bauddha granthoMmeM yadyapi vaizAlI nareza ceTakakA nirdeza nahIM hai| kintu vaizAlIkA nirdeza bahutAyatase pAyA jAtA 1-'hama loga licchavi gaNa rAjAoMke rAjyameM basate haiM / ' bu0 ca0, pR0 3151 2-'ceTakAkhyo'tivikhyAto vinItaH paramArhataH // 3 // "saptardhayo vA puru yazca jyAyasI priyakAriNI |'-u0 pu0, parva0 75 / 3-'samaNe bhagavauM mahAvIre bhagavazro mAyA ceDakasya bhagiNI bhoI'-zrA0 cU, 1 a0 /

Page #257
232 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hai aMguttara nikAya-aTThakathAmeM vaizAlIkI samRddhikA varNana karate hue likhA' hai-"usa samaya vaizAlI Rddha sphIta ( =samRddhizAlI) bahujanA= manuSyoMse AkIrNa, subhikSA ( =annapAna saMpanna ) thii| usameM 7777 prAsAda, 7777 kUTAgAra, 7777 ArAma, 7777 puSkariNiyAM thiiN|"......." rAjagRhakA naigama vaizAlImeM apanA kAma samApta kara phira rAjagRha lauTa gayA / lauTakara jahA~ rAjA magadha zreNika biMbasAra thA, vahA~ gyaa| jAkara rAjA bimbasArase usane vaizAlIkI samRddhikA varNana kiyaa| ___ ukta varNanase prakaTa hotA hai ki rAjagRhIse bhI vaizAlIkA vaibhava mahAn thaa| aura rAjagRhIke svAmI bimbasAra zreNikane vaizAlIke vaibhava, licchaviyoMke prabhutva tathA vaizAlI nareza ceTakakI putrIke rUpa-guNase AkRSTa hokara abhaya kumArake dvArA celanAkA haraNa karAyA aura usake sAtha vivAha kiyaa| yaha ghaTanA bhI vaizAlI aura usake svAmIke hI mahattvako prakaTa karatI hai| yadi ceTaka zreNikake sAtha apanI putrIke vivAhake liye rAjI hotA to celanAkA haraNa karAnekI AvazyakatA na hotii| zreNikake pazcAt jaba usI licchavi kumArI celanAkA putra kuNika ( ajAta zatru ) gaddIpara baiThA to usane vajjiyoM ke isa gaNataMtrako naSTabhraSTa kara ddaalaa| 1-bu0 ca0, pR0 297 / 2-DA. rAyacaudharIne likhA hai-'pro0 re DeviDasa tathA kaniMghamake anusAra vajiyoMmeM aATha jAtiyAM sammilita thIM-jinameM videha, licchavi, jJAtrika aura vajI sabase pramukha the / (po0 hi0 eM0 i, pR0 73-74 / DA0 pradhAnakA kahanA hai ki isa saMgaThanameM nau

Page #258
bhagavAn mahAvIra 233 bauddha mahAparinivvANa suttoM ( dI0 ni0, pR0 117) likhA hai-'eka samaya bhagavAna buddha rAjagRhameM vihAra karate the| usa samaya rAjA magadha ajAta zatru vaidehIputra vajjIpara car3hAI karanA cAhatA thaa| vaha aisA kahatA thAmaiM ina aise mahaddhika (= vaibhavazAlI ) aise mahAnubhAva vajjiyoMko ucchinna karU~gA, vajjioMkA vinAza karU~gA, una para Aphata ddhaauuNgaa|' ajAtazatrune buddhakI salAha leneke liye apane maMtrIko buddhake pAsa bhejA / buddha ne kahA-1 - jaba taka vajjI sammatike liye baiThaka karate raheMge, 2--jaba taka vajjI eka ho baiThaka karate haiM, eka ho utthAna karate haiM, eka ho kartavya karate haiM, 3-jaba taka vajjI aprajJapta (= gaira kAnUnI) ko prajJapta (= vihita ) nahIM karate, prajJapta (=vihita ) kA uccheda nahIM karate, 4-jaba taka vajjI vRddhoMkA Adara satkAra karate hai, unakI bAta mAnate haiM, 5-jaba taka vajjI kula striyoM, kula kumAriyoMke sAtha jabardastI nahIM karate, 6-jaba taka vajjI apane caityoMkA sammAna karate haiM aura 7-jaba taka vajjI arhatoMko pUjate hai, jaba taka ye sAta aparihANIya dharma vajjiyoMmeM raheMge taba taka vajjiyoMkI vRddhi hI hogI, hAni nahIM hogii| jAtiyA~ sammilita thIM / jinameM licchavi, vajI jJAtrika aura videha bhI the / isa saMgaThanako vajiyoM athavA licchaviyoMkA gaNataMtra kahA jAtA thaa| kyoMki nau jAtiyoM meM se vaji aura licchavi sabase pramukha the| ina nau licchavi jAtiyoM meM nau mallakI jAtiyA~ aura kAzI kauzalake 18 gaNa rAjA sammilita the / ( jai0 nA0 i0 pR085-86)|

Page #259
234 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ukta vivaraNase licchaviyoMke sudRr3ha saMgaThana para prakAza par3atA hai| prasaGgavaza bhagavAna mahAvIrake vaMzakA anya rAjavaMzoM se sambandha batalAnA anucita na hogA kyoMki anveSakoMkA vizvAsa hai ki mahAvIra aura buddhane apane zAsanakA pracAra karaneke liye vaMzAnugata sambandhoMkA pUrA-pUrA lAbha uThAyA thaa| aura bhAratake mukhya rAjavaMzoMke sAtha unakA sambandha honA bhI unakI saphalatAkA eka kAraNa avazya thaa| ____jahA~ taka khojoMse patA calatA hai mahAvIrake pitRkulakI apekSA mAtRkulakA rAjavaMzAnugata sambandha adhika vyApaka aura adhika prabhAvaka thaa| unakA nAnA ceTaka licchavi gaNataMtrakA pradhAna thaa| isa gaNataMtra meM ATha yA nau jAtiyA~ sammilita thIM jinameM licchavi, vajjI, jJAtrika aura videha bhI the| yataH ina nau jAtiyoM meM licchavi aura vajjI sabase pramukha the| ataH yaha saMgaThana licchaviyoM athavA vajjiyoMkA gaNataMtra kahA jAtA thaa| ye nau licchavi jAtiyA~ nau mallakiyoM aura kAzI kosalake aTThAraha gaNarAjAoM se sambaddha thii| jaina nirayAvalI sUtrameM likhA hai ki jaba campAke rAjA kuNika (ajAta zatru ) ne eka zaktizAlI senAke sAtha ceTakapara AkramaNa karanekI taiyArI kI to ceTakane kAzI kozala ke 18 gaNarAjAoM, mallakiyoM aura licchaviyoMko bulAkara 1-se0 vu0 I0, ji0 22, prastA0 pR0 13 / 2-0 nA0 i0 pR0 85 / 3-'nava mallai nava lecchaha, kAsI-kosalagA aTThArasavi gaNa-rAyANo'--bha0 suu0."|

Page #260
bhagavAn mahAvIra 235. unase pUchA ki Apaloga kuNikakI mA~ga pUrI kareMge yA yuddha kareMge ? isI taraha pAvAmeM mahAvIra svAmIkA nirvANa hone para ukta 18 gaNarAjAoM ke ekatra hone tathA nirvANa mahotsava manAnekA ullekha kalpasUtra meM hai / isase isa saMgaThana tathA ceTakakI zaktimattA, aikya tathA prabhAvazAlitAkA patA calatA hai / phira bhI bauddha granthoMmeM ceTakakA nAma bhI na pAyA jAnA Azcaryajanaka hai / isakA kAraNa ceTakakA bhagavAna mahAvIrakA anuyAyI tathA sambandhI honA saMbhava hai, kyoMki mahAvIrako buddha apanA prabala pratidvandI mAnate the - jisakA samarthana bauddha ullekhoMse hotA hai| ceTakake sambandhameM DA0 yAkobIne ThIka hI likhA hai- 'jainoMne apane tIrthaGkara mahAvIrake parama bhakta tathA sambandhI ceTakakI smRtiko surakSita rakhA hai| unhIMke prabhAvake kAraNa vaizAlI jaina dharmakA gar3ha banI huI thI, jabaki bauddha use pAkhaNDiyoM aura vidrohiyoMkA zikSAlaya mAnate the / ( se0 bu0 I), ji0 22, prastA0 pR0 13 ) / astu, ceTake sAta putriyA~ thIM / jinameM se sabase bar3I trisalA jJAtR kSatriya siddhArthase vivAhI thI aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakI jananI thI / tathA chaThI celanA magadhake rAjA zreNika vimbasArase vivAhI thI aura isa taraha mAtR pakSake dvArA magadha ke rAjavaMzake sAtha mahAvIrakA nikaTa sambandha thA / celanAke sAtha sambandha honese pUrva zreNika' bauddha dharmakA anuyAyI thA / celanA ke prabhAva se hI vaha mahAvIrakA parama bhakta aura unakI upadeza sabhAkA pradhAna zrotA banA / 1- dekho - bR0 ka0 ko0, meM zreNika rAjA kI kathA /

Page #261
236 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ceTakakI zeSa pAMca putriyoMke nAma isa prakAra the-mRgAvatI, suprabhA, prabhAvatI, jyeSThA aura cndnaa| isameMse mRgAvatI vatsadezakI kauzAmbI nagarIke rAjA zatAnIkase vivAhI thii| suprabhA dazArNa dezake hemakacchapura nagarake rAjA dazarathase vivAhI thii| prabhAvatIkA vivAha kacchadezake roruka nagarake rAjA udayase huA thA / gAndhAra dezake mahIpura nagarake rAjA satyakane jyeSTAkI mAMga kii| kintu ceTakane use apanI kanyA denA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| taba usane Rddha hokara ceTakapara car3hAI kara dii| yuddha meM hAranepara vaha sAdhu ho gyaa| bAdako jyeSThA aura candanA bhI sAdhvI ho gii| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAbIrakI jananI trisalA cekaTakI bahana thii| kintu phira bhI ceTakake sAta hI putriyAM thiiN| unake nAma-prabhAvatI, padmAvatI, mRgAvatI, zivA, jyeSThA, sujyeSThA aura celanA the| sabase bar3I prabhAvatI' kA vivAha sindhu saubIra dezake vItAbhaya nagarake rAjA udayana se huA thaa| padmAvatI campAke rAjA dadhivAhanase vivAhI thii| magAvatI kauzAmbIke rAjA zatAnIkase vivAhI thii| zivAkA vivAha ujjainIke rAjA caNDapradyotase huA thaa| jyeSThAkA vivAha bhagavAna mahAvIrake bhAI nandivardhanase huA thaa| celanA rAjagRhIke rAjA zreNika se vivAhI thI aura sujyeSThA sAdhvI ho gaI thii| 1-uttara pu0, parva 75, zloka 1-14 / 2-vesAlizro ceDo""satta dhUtAo"zrAva0 suu0| 3-siMdhusauvIresu"vItIbhaenagare"udAyaNe nAma rAyA""tasma.. prabhAvatI nAma devI / - bha0 sU0 461 / yahA~ rAjA ceTakakI kanyAoM

Page #262
bhagavAn mahAvIra 237 ye saba sambandha isa bAtake sUcaka haiM ki apane mAtRkulake dvArA mahAvIra sauvIra, aMga, vatsa, avantI, videha aura magadhake aura unake sambandhoMke viSayameM digambara tathA zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM meM jo antara hai usapara prakAza DAlanA ucita hogaa| digambaroMke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrakI jananI trizalA athavA priyakAriNI ceTakakI sabase bar3I putrI thI / kintu zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra vaha ceTakakI bahina thii| ceTakake pitA vagairahake sambandhameM jAnakArIkA koI sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hai / digambaroMke anusAra mahAvIrake koI bhAI nahIM thA aura na ceTakake koI sujyeSThA nAmakI kanyA thii| zvetAmbaroMke anusAra mahAvIrake nandivardhana nAmakA bar3A bhAI thA aura usase ceTakakI pAMcavIM kanyA jyeSThA vivAhI thI / digambaroMke anusAra jyeSThA sAdhvI ho gaI aura zvetAmbaroMke anusAra sujyeSThA sAdhvI ho gii| digambaroMke anusAra candanA ceTakakI sabase choTI putrI thI / aura zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra candanA ceTakakI dauhitrI tathA campA nareza dadhivAhanakI putrI thii| digambaroMke anusAra ceTakake padmAvatI nAmakI koI kanyA nahIM thI aura na campA narezase ceTakakI kisI kanyAkA vivAha huA thaa| zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra campApurake rAjA dadhivAhana aura rAnI padmAvatIkA putra karakaNDu thaa| arthAt ajAta zatrukI taraha karakaNDu bhI ceTakakA dauhitra thaa| kintu itihAsase isakA samarthana nahIM hotA / yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki karakaNDu videharAja namikA samakAlIna thA / aura vaha pArzvanAthake tIrthameM huA thaa| digambaroM ke anusAra usake pitAkA nAma dantivAhana thA aura vaha campApurakA rAjA thA, tathA usakI mAtAkA nAma bhI padmAvatI thaa| kintu vaha padmAvatI kauzAmbIke rAjA 1-vR0 ka0 ko0 meM karakaNDu kI kathA /

Page #263
238 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA rAja gharAnoMse sambaddha the| aura ye saba usa samayake sabase adhika zaktizAlI rAjA the| usa samaya licchavi kumAriyoMkA pANi pIDana karake licchaviyoMkA jAmAtA bananA kSatriyoMke liye bar3e sammAnakI bAta vasumatrakI putrI thii| astu -ceTakakI kevala do kanyAzroMke sambandhameM digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAmeM aikamatya hai-donoMke anusAra mRgAvatIkA vivAha kauzAmbIke rAjA zatAnIkase aura prabhAvatIkA vivAha rAjA udayanase huA thaa| kintu digambara udayanako kaccha dezake roruka nagarakA rAjA batalAte haiM aura zvetAmbara sindhu sauvIra dezake vItAmaya nAmaka nagarakA rAjA batalAte haiN| yaha sindhu sauvIra deza kahAM thA, isa viSayameM matabheda haiN| DA0 re DeviDas ne apane mAnacitra' meM sauvIrako kAThiyAvAr3a ke uttarameM aura kacchakI khAr3Ike eka aorase dUsarI ora taka dikhalAyA hai / bauddha paramparAke anusAra sauvIra dezakI rAjadhAnI roruka thii| ( kai0 hi0, ji0 1, pR0 173) / ataH digambara ullekhakA kaccha hI sauvIra jAna par3atA hai aura vahIke roruka nagarake svAmI udayanase ceTakakI putrI prabhAvatI vivAhI thii| zvetAmbarIya ullekha ke anusAra isa udayanane avantI nareza caNDapradyota para - jise ceTakakI putrI zivA vivAhI thI, car3hAI kI thii| isa yuddhakA kAraNa yaha thA ki pradyota udayanakI eka jinapratibhA tathA dAsIko lekara bhAga gayA thaa| udayanane pradyotake pAsa apanA dUta bhejakara kahalAyA ki mujhe dAsIkI paravAha nahIM hai, kintu jina mUrti lauTA do| pradyotane nahIM lauTAI / taba udayanane usa para car3hAI kI aura pradyotako bandI banA liyaa| (jai0 nA0 i0, pR0 61 kA tti02)| 1-0 nA0, i, pR086 /

Page #264
bhagavAn mahAvIra 239 samajhI jAtI thii| aura guptakAla taka bhI samajhI jAtI rahI; kyoMki I0 308 meM pATalIputra nagarake pAsa eka gAMvake choTese rAjA candraguptako licchavi vaMzakI kanyA kumAradevI vivAhI thii| candraguptane aise mahAn vaMzakI kanyAse vivAha honeko apanA bar3A gaurava maanaa| usane apane sikkoMpara licchaviyoMkI beTIke nAmase apanI strIkI bhI mUrti aMkita krvaaii| usakI santAna bar3e garvase apaneko licchaviyoMkA dauhitra kahA karatI thii| ___ sArAMza yaha hai ki licchaviyoM tathA vaizAlIke rAjavaMzake dvArA mahAvIrake dvArA pracArita dharmako saba ora Thosa samarthana milA aura sauvIra Adi dezoMmeM jaina dharma khUba phailaa| ___ garbha parivartana zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhagavAna mahAvIrake garbha parivartanakI eka kathA pravartita hai, jisakA nirdeza AcArAMga, kalpasUtra tathA anya aneka granthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai aura isaliye usakI prAcInatAmeM sandehako sthAna nahIM hai, kyoMki mathurA' se prApta avazeSoMmeM, jo avazya hI IsvI san kI prathama zatIke mAne gaye haiM garbha parivartanakI ghaTanA aMkita kI gaI hai| ghaTanA isa prakAra hai-vaizAlIke brAhmaNa kuNDa grAmameM RSabha datta nAmaka brAhmaNakI patnI devAnandA rahatI thii| usane 1--DA0 bahularane likhA hai-'eka jaina pASANakhananameM naigameza, eka vAla tIrthaGkara aura eka zizuke sAtha strI aMkita hai, yaha eka ati prasiddha kathAkA aMkana hai, jisameM eka devatA devAnandA aura trizalAke garbha parivartana karatA hai, (jai0 nAM0 i0, pR. 21) /

Page #265
240 __ jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA caudaha svapna dekhe jo tIrthaGkarake janmake sUcaka the, indrane isa bAtako apane avadhi jJAnase jAnA to use jJAta huA ki garbhastha zizu mahAn tIrthaGkara mahAvIra honevAlA hai| ataH usane tatkAla eka devako eka hiranake rUpameM bhejA aura use devAnandAke garbhase trizalAke garbhameM parivartita karanekI AjJA dI, jisase mahAvIrakA janma bhikSuka brAhmaNa vaMzameM na hoM, kyoMki jina kSatriya kulameM hI janma lete haiN| isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra' 82 dina taka devAnandAke garbhameM rheN| bha0 sU0 meM yaha bAta bhagavAna mahAvIrake mukhase bhI kahalAI gaI ki devAnandA merI mAtA hai| __isa ghaTanAke sambandhameM DA0 yAkovIne jo TippaNI dI hai usakA Azaya yahAM diyA jAtA hai| 'digambara loga ise hAsyAspada samajhate haiM aura nahIM mAnate / kintu zvetAmbarokA isakI satyatAmeM dRr3ha vizvAsa hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM haiM ki yaha kathA prAcIna hai kyoMki AcArAMga, kalpasUtra tathA anya pranthoMmeM pAI jAtI hai| tathApi yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki kyoM isa prakArakI hAsyAspada ghaTanAkA AviSkAra tathA pracAra kiyA gyaa| isa andhakArAvRta viSaya para maiM apanI sammati prakaTa karanekI AjJA cAhatA huuN| merA anumAna hai ki siddhArthake do patniyAM thIM eka brAhmaNI devAnandA, jo mahAvIrakI vAstavika mAtA thI, aura eka kSatriyANI trishlaa| kyoMki devAnandAke patikA nAma 'RSabhadatta' adhika prAcIna pratIta nahIM hotA / prAkRta rUpake anusAra usa avasthAmeM usabhadattake sthAna 1-'samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre"vAsIi""gabhacAe sAharie'ka0 sU0, sambo0 TI0, pR0 35-36 /

Page #266
bhagavAna mahAvIra 241 meM 'usabhadinna' honA cAhiye thaa| isake sivAya yaha nAma aisA hai jo kevala jaina ko hI diyA jAsakatA hai, brAhmaNa ko nhiiN| ataH mujhe isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki devAnandAkA dUsarA pati karAra deneke liye jainoMne RSabhadatta nAmakA AviSkAra kiyA hai| aba siddhArtha ko liijiye| trizalAke sAtha vivAha honese uccavaMzI tathA mahAn prabhutvazAlI vyaktiyoMke sAtha unakA sambandha ho gayA isaliye sambhavatayA yaha prakaTa karanA ki mahAvIra trizalAkA dattaka putra nahIM kintu aurasa putra hai adhika lAbhadAyaka samajhA gayA / kyoMki isase mahAvIra trizalAke sambandhoMkA uttarAdhikAra prApta kara sakatA thA / aura cUki jaba mahAvIra tIrthaGkara huye unake mAtA pitAkA svargavAsa hue bahuta varSa ho cuke the, isaliye yaha kathA saralatAse prasArita ho skii| kintu yataH manuSyoMkI smRtise vAstavika sthitikA miTA sakanA zakya nahIM thA, isa liye garbhaparivartanakI kathAkA AviSkAra kiyA gyaa| garbhaparivartanakA vicAra jainoMkI maulika racanA nahIM hai kintu spaSTa hI, yaha vicAra usa paurANika kathAkI anupratikRti hai jisake anusAra zrIkRSNako devakIke garbhase rohiNIke garbha meM parivartita kiyA gayA thaa|" (se0 vu0 I., ji0 22, prastA? pR0 31 kI Ti0 naM02) mahAvIrake garbhaparivartanako samasyAko sulajhAneke liye DA0 yAkovIko bhI kliSTa kalpanAkA hI Azraya lenA par3A hai| kintu isake mUlameM hameM to brAhmaNatva aura kSatriyatvake bIcameM bar3appanako lekara uThe pracIna virodhakA hI AbhAsa pratIta hotA hai| jaina aura bauddha donoM brAhmaNase kSatriyako adhika Adara pradAna karate the| itanA hI nahIM kintu brAhmaNa vaMzako nIca vaMza taka mAnate

Page #267
242 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA the / kalpasUtrakI subodhanI TIkAmeM likhA hai ki mahAvIrane marIcike bhava meM nIcagotra karmakA bandha kiyA thA usake kAraNa mahAvIrako RSabhadatta brAhmaNakI devAnandA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM rahanA par3A / ataH garbhaparivartanakI ghaTanAmeM vizeSa tathya pratIta nahIM hotA / sambhavatayA isIse digambara' paramparAmeM isakA saMketa taka nahIM milatA / vivAha digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra avivAhita hI rahe / na unhoMne strIsukha bhogA aura na rAjasukha / kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra yadyapi unhoMne rAjapada grahaNa nahIM kiyA kintu vivAha karake strIsukha avazya bhogA / unakI patnIkA nAma yazodA thA aura usase eka kanyA bhI huI thI jo jamAlise vivAhI thI / kintu Avazyaka niyuktikI gAthAse aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mahAvIra avivAhita hI rahe the| likhA' hai- "mahAvIra, ari 1 - - ' tatazcyutvA tena marIcibhavabaddhana nIcai gotrakarmaNA .... RSabhadattasya brAhmaNasya devAnandAyAH brAhmaNyAH kukSau utpannaH' / 2 - kai0 hi0, ji0 1, pR0 156 meM digambaroMko lakSya karake likhA hai ki garbha parivartana ke sambandha meM unakA mata adhika yukta hai| 3 - - ' vIraM zrarinemiM pAsaM, malliM ca vAsupujjaMca // . e e moca Na jiNe zravasesA zrAsi rAyANo // 243 // rAyakule vijAyA visuddhavaMsesu khattiyakulesu / na ca icchiyAbhiseyA kumArakhAsaMmi pavvaiyA' || 244 || - zrA0 ni0 /

Page #268
bhagavAn mahAvIra 243 STanemi, pArzva, malli aura vAsupUjyako chor3akara zeSa tIthaGkara rAjA the| aura ye pAMcoM tIrthaGkara yadyapi rAjakulameM aura vizuddha kSatriyavaMzameM utpanna hue the phira bhI unheM rAjyAbhiSeka iSTa nahIM huA aura unhone kumAra avasthAmeM hI pravrajyA grahaNa krlii|" Age likhA hai-'jihone kumAra avasthAmeM pravrajyA dhAraNa kI una mahAvIra, ariSTanemi, pAva, malli aura vAsupUjyako chor3akara zeSa tIrthaGkaroMne hI viSayoMka sevana kiyaa|' isakI vyAkhyA karate hue TIkAkAra malayagirine likhA hai-'isa kathanakA Azaya yaha hai ki vAsupUjya, malli, mahAvIra, pArzvanAtha aura ariSTanemike sivAya zeSa saba tIrthaGkaroMne viSayoMkA sevana kiyA, kintu vAsupUjya Adi pAMca tIrthaGkaroMne nahIM kiyA kyoMki unhone kumAra avasthAmeM hI vratagrahaNa kara liyA thaa|' Agamodaya samitise prakAzita AvazyakaniyuktikI malayagiri TIkAmeM viSayoMkA sevana na karane vAle pAMca tIrthaGkaroMmeM mahAvIra svAmikA nAma nahIM chapA hai / yaha chApekI hI bhUla mAlUma hotI hai kyoMki ukta kathana kumAra avasthAmeM hI pravrajita honevAle sabhI tIrthaGkaroMke sambandhameM hai| 1-'gAmAyArA visayA niseviyA te kumAravajjehiM / gAmAgarAiesu ya kesi (su) vihAro bhave kassa' // 255 / / TIkA--grAmAcArA nAma viSayA ucyante, te viSayA nisevitAzrAsevitAH kumArava :--kumArabhAva eva ye pravrajyAM gRhItavantaH tAn muktvA zeSaiH sarvaistIrthakRdbhiH / kimukta bhavati ? vAsupUjya-mallisvAmipArzvanAtha bhagavadariSTanemivyatiriktaH sarvaistIrthakRdbhirAsevitA viSayAH na tu vAsupUjyaprabhRtibhiH, teSAM kumArabhAva eva bratagrahaNAbhyupagamAt /

Page #269
244 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kumAra avasthAse matalaba hI avivAhita avasthAse hai, kyoMki kumArase hI hindImeM bahupracalita kuMvArA zabda niSpanna huA hai / aura niyuktigAthA 255 se usI arthakI puSTi hotI hai| kumAra avasthAmeM pravajita hone vAle ukta pAMco tIrthaGkara digambara mAnyatAke anusAra avivAhita the| kintu zvetAmbara malliko chor3akara zeSa sabako vivAhita hI mAnate haiN| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIrake avivAhita honekI mAnyatA ekAMgI pratIta nahIM hotI, zvetAmbaraparamparAmeM bhI usakA astitva pAyA jAtA hai / kamase kama AvazyakaniyuktikAra to mahAvIrako avivAhita hI mAnate the kyoMki ukta ullekhoMke sAtha hI unhone apane mahAvIracaritameM unake vivAha AdikA koI saMketa nahIM kiyA hai / astu, mahAvIrake garbhaparivartanakI kathAmeM jisa prakAra DA0 yAkovI ko kRSNake garbhaparivartanakI anukRti pratIta hotI hai, hameM bhI mahAvIrakI patnI yazodAke nAmake sAtha buddhakI patnI yazodharA kA smaraNa ho AtA hai aura lagatA hai ki mahAvIrake jIvanameM yazodAkA lAyA jAnA, kahIM buddhakI patnI yazodharAkI anukRtikA to pariNAma nahIM hai ?

Page #270
bhagavAn mahAvIra 245 pravrajyA tIsa varSakI vayameM magasira badI dasamIke dina mahAvIrane samasta parigrahako tyAgakara jinadIkSA le lii| unhoMne apane zarIrake saba vastra-AbharaNa utArakara pheMka diye, kAle dhuMgharAle kezoMko jar3ase ukhAr3a DAlA aura isa taraha antaraMga tathA bahiraMga parigrahako tyAgakara vaha sacce nintha bana gaye / kintu zvetAmbarIya mAnyatAmeM isase kucha antara hai| AcArAMga' cUNimeM mahAvIra bhagavAnakI pravrajyA varNana karate hue likhA hai-'isa viSayameM kucha vizeSa kathana karate haiM-- 1--'maNuvattaNasuhamatulaM devakayaM seviuunnvaasaai| aTThAvIsaM satta ya mAse divase ya vArasayaM / / 25 // AbhiNibohiyabuddho cha?Na ya maggasIsa bahulAe / dasamIe NikkhaMto suramahido NikkhamaNapujo / / 26 // -ja0 dha0, bhA0 1, pR0 78 / ti0 pa0, adhyAya 4, gA0 667 / hari0 pu0 2-51 / utta pu0, parva 74, zlo0 303-304 / 'magasirabahulassa dasamI pakkheNa pAINagAmiNIe chAyAe porasIe abhiniviTThAe " / kalpa sU0 113 / 2-'iha tu kiMci visesaM bhaeNati--so bhagavaM NigiNo bhavitA egadUrAM vA se khaMdhe kAuM pavvaito, tassa puNa bhagavato etaM zrAlaMbaNaM..." so bhagavaM baddhamANo pAraM gacchatIti pArago sItaparisahANaM vatthamaMtareNA vi / jaM puNa taM vatthaM khaMdhe ThitaM ghaTitaM vA taM aNudhammiyaM tassa...." ahavA titthagarANaM ayaM aNukAladhammo |'--shraav0 cuu0|

Page #271
246 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bhagavAna mahAvIra nagna hokara aura apane kandhe para devadUSya rakhakara pravajita hue / una bhagavAnakA vaha vastra AlambanamAtra thaa| maiM isa divya vastrase apane zarIrako zItase bacAUMgA yA isase apanI lajjA nivAraNa karU~gA, aisI bhAvanA unakI nahIM thI kyoMki bhagavAna to vastrake vinA bhI zIta parISahako sahana karane meM samartha the, phira bhI vaha vastra unake kandhepara rakhA rahA, usakA kAraNa yaha thA ki vaha unakA dhArmika kartavya thA kyoMki atIta kAlameM jo tIrthaGkara prabajita hue, vartamAnameM jo prabajita hote haiM tathA bhaviSyameM jo pravrajita hoMge, una sabane isakA pAlana kiyA hai, / kahA bhI hai--"sacela dharma mahAn hai, anya tIrthaGkaroMne bhI usakA pAlana kiyA hai, isaliye mahAvIra bhagavAnane bhI kandhepara vastra rahane diyA, lajjAke liye nhiiN|" . isa taraha zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra svAmI 13 mAsa taka cIvaradhArI rhe| usake pazcAt nagna digambara hokara hI vicre| jaba mahAvIrakA jaina saMgha digambara aura zvetAmbarake rUpameM vibhAjita huA to usake pazcAt katipaya madhyama mArgI jainoMne eka tIsare yApanIya' saMghakI sthApanA kI thii| yaha yApanIya saMgha zAyada zvetAmbarIya AgamoMko mAnatA thA kintu nagnatAkA --'samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre saMvaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsa cIvaradhArI hutthA, teNa paraM acelae pANi paDiggahie / / 117 / / -kalpasU0-16 / 2--dekho--'yApanIya sAhitya kI khoja' jai0 sA0 i0, pR0 41 se /

Page #272
247 bhagavAn mahAvIra poSaka thaa| isa saMghake eka AcArya aparAjita sUrine zvetAmbaroMkI ukta mAnyatAke sambandhameM likhA hai.'bhAvanAmeM jo yaha kahA hai ki mahAvIra bhagavAna eka varSa taka vastradhArI rahe usake bAda acelaka-nagna ho gaye, so isameM aneka mata haiN| kinhIMkA kahanA hai ki mahAvIrake kandhepara jisane vastra laTakAyA thA, usane usI dina usa vastrako le liyA thaa| anya kahate haiM ki chai mahInoMmeM vaha vastra kAMTo vagairahase chinna bhinna ho gayA / kucha kahate haiM ki kucha adhika eka varSake pazcAt usa vastrako khaNDalaka brAhmaNane le liyaa| kucha kahate haiM havAse ur3a gayA aura mahAvIrane usakI upekSA kara dii| kinhIMkA kahanA hai ki laTakAne vAlene use mahAvIra bhagavAnake kandhepara rakha diyaa| isa prakAra aneka mata honese isameM kucha sAra pratIta nahIM hotA / yadi bhagavAna mahAvIrane sacela liMgako prakaTa karaneke liye vastrako grahaNa kiyA thA unheM usakA vinAza kyoM iSTa huA ? sadA use dhAraNa karanA cAhiye thA........tathA yadi mahAvIra bhagavAnako celaprajJApanA ( vastravAda ) iSTa thI to 'prathama' aura antima jinakA dharma acelaka thA' yaha vacana mithyA ThaharatA hai / tathA 'navasthAna' meM kahA hai -'jaise maiM acela (nagna) hUM vaise hI antima jina bhI hoMge' 1-bha. zrA0, gA0 421 kI TIkA meN| 2-zvetAmbara sAhitya meM likhA hai ki prathama jina RSabhadeva aura antima jina mahAvIrakA dharma bAcelakya-vastrarahita thA / kintu madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMkA dharma sacela bhI thA aura acela bhI thaa| yathA-Acelakko dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jiNassa / majjhimagANaM jiNANaM hoI sacelo acelo va // 12 // paJcA, viva017 / Jain Educationa International acional For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #273
248 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA isase bhI virodha AtA hai| tathA yadi anya tIrthaGkara savastra the to mahAvIra bhagavAnakI taraha unake vastra tyAgakA kAla kyoM nahIM batalAyA ? hAM, yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki jaba mahAvIra sarvasvako tyAga kara dhyAnameM sthita the to kisIne unake kandhepara vastra rakha diyA, jo eka upasarga thaa|" . mahAvIra bhagavAnake devadUSya dhAraNa karaneke sambandhameM aparAjita sUrine jo abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai hameM bhI vahI ucita jAna par3atA hai| Avazyaka' niyuktimeM likhA hai ki caubIsoM tIrthaGkara eka vastrake sAtha pravrajita hue| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue bhASyakAra jina bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNane likhA' haiM____ "sabhI jina bhagavAna vajravRSabhanArAca saMhananake dhArI hote haiM, cAra jJAnavAle aura sattvasampanna hote haiM, unake hastapuTa chidrarahita hote haiM. aura ve parISahoM ko jItane vAle hote haiM / ataH vastra pAtra Adi upakaraNoMse rahita hone para bhI vanake abhAvameM lagane vAle saMyamakI virAdhanA Adi doSa unheM nahIM lgte| unake liye vastra-pAtra saMyamakA sAdhana nahIM hai ataH ve unakA 1--'sabve vi egadUseNa NiggayA jiNavarA cauvIsa" // 227 // 2-niruvamadhii saMhaNaNA caunANAtisayasattasaMpaNNA / acchiddapANipattA jiNA jiyaparIsahA savve // 2581 // tamhA jahuttadose pAvaMti na vatthapattarahiyA vi / tadasAhaNaM ti tesiM to taggahaNaM na kuvvaMti / / 2582 / / tahavi gahiegavatthA savatthatithovaesaNatthaM ti / abhinikkhamaMti savve tammi cue'celayA huti // 2583 // -vize0 bhaa|

Page #274
: bhagavAna mahAvIra 249 grahaNa nahIM karate / tathApi savastra tIrthakA upadeza karaneke liye indrake dvArA arpita eka devadUSya dhAraNa karake dIkSA lete haiN| jaba vaha vastra girajAtA hai to sabhI acela-vastrarahita nagna ho jAte haiN|" bhASyakArake ukta kathanakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki caubIsoM tIrthaGkara sudRr3ha zarIra vAle tathA parISahoMko sahanemeM samartha hote haiM isa liye unheM vastrakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| tathA unake hastapuTa chidrarahita hote haiM, usase hI ve AhAra grahaNa kara sakate haiM isaliye unheM pAtrakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| phira bhI savastra tIrthakA upadeza deneke liye ve eka vastra dhAraNa karate haiM aura usa vastrake girajAne para nagna vicaraNa karate haiN| isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki tIrthaGkaroMko apane ziSyoMkA nagna rahanA iSTa nahIM thA, yadyapi ve svayaM nagnatA hI pasanda karate the, ataH unhoMne kucha samaya taka eka vastra dhAraNa kiyaa| dUsare zabdoMmeM yadi yaha kahA jAye ki savastra paramparAkA poSaNa karane ke liye hI devadUSyakI kalpanA kI gaI to kucha ayukta na hogA / astu / Age isa sambandhameM vizeSa vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| tapasyA aura jJAnalAbha jaina sAhityake avalokanase prakaTa hotA hai ki mahAvIrane duddharSa tapasyA kI thii| unakA tapasvI jIvana romAJcakArI thA / jina dIkSA dhAraNa karaneke pazcAt hI ve dhyAna magna ho gaye the aura chai mAsa taka dhyAnastha rahe the| chai mAsake pazcAt unhoMne

Page #275
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kUlapura yA kollAga sannivezameM prathama vAra bhikSA bhojana grahaNa kiyA thaa| ___ pIche buddhake dvArA nirdiSTa jina cAra prakArakI tapasyAoMkA nirdeza kara Aye haiM una cAroMkA hI AcaraNa mahAvIrane kiyA thA / dIkSA lete samaya hI ve nagna ho gaye the aura unhoMne apane sira aura dAr3hIke kezoMko svayaM apane hAthase ukhAr3akara pheMka diyA thaa| ve sadA asnAna vrata pAlate the aura bhUmi para zayana karate the| ekAntavAsa uha priya thaa| aura varSAkAlako chor3akara sadA mauna vicaraNa karate the| isa taraha unhone bAraha varSa vitAye the| ina bAraha varSoM meM unheM jina kaSToMkA sAmanA karanA par3A. upasargo ko sahanA par3A unako par3hakara bhI citta caMcala ho uThatA thaa| isIse buddhane kaThora tapasyAkA mArga chor3akara madhyama mArga apanAyA thaa| kintu mahAvIra to mahAvIra the, unakI dRr3hatA spRhaNIya thii| zvetAmbarIya Agamika ullekhoMke anusAra ina bAraha varSoM meM ekAkI vihArI mahAvIrako anekoM upasargoM aura kaSToMkA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| unake kAnoMmeM kIle Thoke gaye, sarvAGgako dhUlase AcchAdita kara diyA gayA, kintu mahAvIra apane sanmArgase vicalita nahIM hue aura na unhoMne apanI kSamAzIlatA aura nirvaira vRttikA hI parityAga kiyaa| digambara ullekhake anusAra jaba ve ujjainameM dhyAnastha the taba rAtrimeM unake Upara ghora upasarga kiyA gyaa| kintu ve apane dhyAnase vicalita nahIM hue| unakI kSamAzIlatA aura nirvaira vRtti Adarza thii| isI

Page #276
bhagavAn mahAvIra 251 Antarika aura bAhya vRttine unheM eka dina 'jina' banA diyaa| vaha dina thA vaisAkha zuklA dsmii| usa dina vaha jRmbhikA' grAmake nikaTa bahanevAlI RjukUlA nadIke taTa para zAlavRkSake nIce dhyAnastha the| usI dina unheM kevala jJAnakI prApti huI aura vaha sarvajJa sarvadarzI bana gaye tathA 'jina', arhat', tIrthaGkara Adi nAmoMse abhihita hue| 1--ujukUlaNadItIre jaMbhiyagAme vahiM silAva? / chaTTaiNAdAto avararahe pAdachAyAe // 20 // vaisAha joehapakkhe dasamIe khavagaseDhimAruddho / hatUNa ghAikammaM kevalaNANaM samAvaNNo / / 26 / / -ja0 dha0, bhA0 1, pR0 80 meM uddhRta / bahasAha suddhadasamI mAghArikkhamhi vIraNAhassa / rijukUlaNadItIre avaraNahe kevalaM NANaM // 711 / / --tri0 pra0, a04|| jaMbhiyavahi ujuvAliyatIra viyAvatta sAmasAla ahe / chaTheNukkuDuyassa u uppaNaM kevalaM gANaM // 525 / / -prA0ni0, pR0 261 / grAma-pura-kheTa karvaTa-maTamba-ghoSAkarAn pravijahAra / ugraistapovidhAnAdaza varSANyamarapUjyaH / / 10 / / RjukUlAyAstIre zAlagumasaMzrite zilApaTTe / aparANhe SaSTha nAsthitasya khalu jambhikAgrAme // 11 // vaisAkhasitadazamyAM hastocaramadhyamAzrite candra / kSapakazreNyArUDhasyotpanna kevalajJAnam / / 12 / / -nirvANa bhakti /

Page #277
252 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sarvajJatA aura sarvadarzitva jaina sahityameM bhagavAna mahAvIrako sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI batalAyA hai| sarvajJatA aura sarvadarzitvakI prApti unheM tapasyAke pazcAt hI huI thii| janmase to mahAvIra bhI asarvajJa aura asarvadarzI the| bAraha varSakI kaThora sAdhanAke dvArA AtmAkI pUrNajJAna zakti aura pUrNadarzana zaktike AvAraka cAra ghAtikarmoM ko naSTa karake unhone anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya rUpa catuSTayako prakaTa kiyaa| isIse ve sarvajJa aura sargadarzI ho gye| yahAM saMkSepameM prakRta viSaya para prakAza DAlanA anucita na hogaa| jaina siddhAntameM jJAna aura darzanako AtmAkA guNa mAnA hai| yadyapi alpajJa avasthAmeM indriyoMke dvArA jJAnakI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai kintu jJAna jIvakA hI guNa hai, indriyoMkA nahIM; kyoMki indriyoMke vinA bhI jJAnakI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| ataH jaina darzanameM jIva jJAnadarzanalakSaNa vAlA mAnA gayA hai| kintu saba saMsArI jIvoMmeM jJAna aura darzana ekasA nahIM pAyA jAtA / unameM tara-tamabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| kisI saMsArI jIvameM jJAnakA vizeSa vikAsa pAyA jAtA hai to kisImeM svalpa / isa tara-tamabhAvako niSkAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isakA koI kAraNa avazya honA caahiye| jaina darzanameM isa tara-tamatA kA kAraNa AvaraNa karma mAnA gayA hai| AvAraka karmake hI kAraNa AtmAkA pUrNajJAna avikasita rahatA hai aura usake katipaya aMza hI tara-tamatAko liye hue vibhinna saMsArI jIvoM meM prakaTa dekhe jAte haiN| AtmAke jJAna darzana Adike AvAraka karma bhI sahetuka

Page #278
253 bhagavAn mahAvIra haiM, ahetuka nahI haiM, kyoMki karmako ahetuka mAnanese unakA vinAza nahIM bana sakatA / ataH karma sahetuka haiM tathA mUrta haiM / aura ve jIvase sambaddha haiN| kyoMki yadi karmako jIvase sambaddha na mAnA jAyagA to karmakA kArya jo mUrta zarIra hai, usa mUrta zarIra se jIvakA sambandha nahIM bana sakatA / arthAt yadi karmoM se jIva ko bhinna mAnA jAyagA to karmoMse bhinna amUrta jIvakA zarIrake sAtha sambandha nahIM bana sktaa| aura zarIrake sAtha jIvakA sambandha siddha hai; kyoMki zarIrake chede jAne para jIvako duHkha hotA hai, jIvake gamana karane para zarIra bhI gamana karatA hai| jIvake ruSTa honepara zarIrameM kampa, dAha, AMkhoMkA lAla honA, bhauMkA car3hanA Adi dekhe jAte haiN| tathA jIvakI icchAse zarIrakA gamana, Agamana, hAtha paira sira aMgulI AdikA saMcAlana dekhA jAtA hai| ataH jIva zarIrase sambaddha hai| yadi jIvako zarIra aura karmoMse asambaddha mAnA jAyagA to sampUrNa jIvoMke kevala jJAna, kevala darzana, anantavIrya Adi guNa prakaTa dIkhane cAhiye jaisA ki muktAtmAoMmeM dekhA jAtA hai / ataH jIvakA karmake sAtha bhI eka kSetrAvagAharUpa sambandha mAnanA caahiye| yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki amUrta jIvakA mUrta zarIrake sAtha sambandha kaise ho sakatA hai| kintu jaina siddhAntameM jIva aura karmoMkA anAdi sambandha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ataH ukta zaMkAko sthAna nahIM hai| isa taraha jIva aura karmoMkA sambandha anAdi hai| yadi use anAdi na mAnA jAyagA to vartamAnameM bhI jo jIva aura karmakA sambandha upalabdha hotA hai vaha nahIM bana skegaa|

Page #279
254 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA __ karma jIvake guNoMkA nimUla vinAza nahIM karate; kyoMki aisA mAnanepara jIva dravyameM pAye jAnevAle guNoMkA abhAva ho jAyegA aura unakA abhAva ho jAnepara jIva dravyake bhI abhAvakA prasaMga prApta hogaa| karmoMkI anAdi santAna bhI bIja aura aMkurakI santAnakI taraha naSTa ho jAtI hai| karmoke Aneko Asrava kahate haiM aura rukaneko saMvara kahate haiN| zrAsravake kAraNa haiM--mithyAtva, asaMyama, kaSAya aura yog| aura saMvarake kAraNa haiM-samyaktva, saMyama aura virAgatA aadi| ataH Asravake virodhI saMvarake kAraNoMke prakaTa honepara karmokI AsravaparamparA vicchinna ho jAtI hai| aura isa taraha navIna karmoM kA bandha ruka jAtA hai| aba prazna rahatA hai pUrva saMcita karmoM ke kssykaa| jaina siddhAntameM yogake nimittase karmo kA bandha hotA hai aura kaSAyake nimittase karmoM meM sthiti par3atI hai| isaliye yoga aura kaSAyakA abhAva ho jAne para bandha aura sthitikA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura usase pUrvasaJcita karmoM kI nirjarA ho jAtI hai| tathA tapase bhI pUrvasaJcita karmoMkA kSaya hotA hai / karmoMkA kSaya ho jAne para pUrNajJAna--jise jaina siddhAntameM kevala jJAna kahate hai-usI taraha prakaTa ho jAtA hai jaise megha paTalake haTane para suury| _ ataH jaise nirAvaraNa sUrya samasta jagatko prakAzita karatA hai vaise hI nirAvaraNa kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana samasta jagatko jAnate dekhate haiN| isIse kevalajJAnIko sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI kahA jAtA hai| vaha kevalajJAnI asatyArthaka pratipAdana nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki asatya kathana karaneke kAraNa haiM--

Page #280
bhagavAn mahAvIra ajJAna aura rAga dvess| ina donoMse vaha mukta hai, ataH vaha satyArthakA hI pratipAdana karatA hai / . isIse bhagavAna mahAvIra apane bAraha varSake sAdhanA kAlameM mauna hI rahe, unhoMne kisIko koI upadeza nahIM diyaa| bAraha varSakI sAdhanAke pazcAt sarvajJa sarvadarzI ho jAne para hI unhoMne apanI prathama dharmopadezanA kii| usI samayase ve tIrthaGkara khlaaye| ___ bhagavAna mahAvIrakI sarvajJatA aura sarvadarzitvakI carcA unake samayameM sarvAvizruta thI, yaha bAta bauddha tripiTikoMse bhI prakaTa hotI hai| ___majjhima nikAyake 'cUla-dukkhakkhandha suttanta' (pR0 56) meM buddha mahAnAma zAkyase kahate haiM--"eka samaya mahAnAma ! maiM rAjagRhameM gRdhrakUTa parvatapara vihAra karatA thaa| usa samaya bahuta se nigaMTha ( =jaina sAdhu ) RSigirikI kAla zilApara khar3e rahane ( kA vrata ) le, Asana chor3a, upakrama karate, duHkha kaTu tIvra vedanA jhela rahe the| taba maiM mahAnAma ! sAyaMkAla dhyAnase uThakara jahA~ RSigirike pAsa kAlazilA thI, jahA~ para ki vaha nigaMTha the, vahA~ gyaa| jAkara una nigaMThoMse bolA-'Avuso! nigaMTho! tuma khar3e kyoM ho, Asana chor3e duHkha kaTuka tIvra vedanA jhela rahe ho|' aisA kahane para una nigaMThoMne kahA-zrAvuta ! nigaMTha nAthaputta ( =jaina tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ) sarvajJa sarvadarzI Apa akhila (=aparizeSa) jJAna darzanako jAnate haiM-calate khar3e, sote jAgate, sadA nirantara (unako) jJAna darzana upasthita rahatA hai| vaha aisA kahate haiM-nigaMTho ! jo tumhArA pahalekA kiyA huA karma hai use isa kar3avI duSkara kriyA ( =tapasyA ) se nAza karo aura jo isa vakta yahAM kAya vacana manase, saMvRtta ( =pApa na karaneke

Page #281
256 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kAraNa rakSita, gupta ) ho, yaha bhaviSyake liye pApakA na karanA huA / isa prakAra purAne karmoM kA tapasyAse anta hone se, aura naye karmoMke na karane se, bhaviSyameM citta an-zrAsrava (nirmala) hogaa| bhaviSyameM Asrava na honese karmoMkA kSaya (hogA), karmakSayase duHkhakA kSaya, duHkhakSayase vedanA ( =jhelanA) kA kSaya, vedanAkSayase sabhI duHkha naSTa hoNge| hameM yaha vicAra rucatA hai = khamatA hai isase hama santuSTa haiN|' ____ isI taraha ma0ni0 ke cUla sakuludAyI suttanta (pR0 318) meM likhA hai__'eka samaya bhagavAna buddha rAjagRhameM beNubana kalandaka nikAyameM vihAra karate the| usa samaya sakula udAyi parivrAjaka mahatI pariSadke sAtha parivrAjakArAmameM rahatA thaa| bhagavAn pUrvAhaNa samaya jahA~ sakula udAyI parivrAjaka thA, vahA~ gye| taba sakula udAyI parivrAjaka ne kahA pichale dinoM bhante ! (jo vaha ) sarvajJa sarvadarzI nikhila jJAna darzana honekA dAvA karate haiM-calate, khar3e, sote jAgate bhI ( mujhe ) nirantara jJAna darzana upasthita rahatA hai / kauna hai yaha udAyI sarvajJa sarvadarzI..... "buddha bhagavAnane pUchA 'bhante ! nigaMtha nATaputta ! Uparake donoM ullekhoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake sarvajJa sarvadarzI honekI bAta zramaNa sampradAyameM vizruta thI aura sarvajJa sarvadarzIkA vahI artha liyA jAtA thA jo jaina zAstroMmeM varNita hai|

Page #282
bhagavAn mahAvIra prathama dharmadezanA kevalajJAna utpanna hote hI devatAgaNa zrAkara kevalajJAnI tIrthaGkarakA jJAnakalyANaka mahotsava manAte haiM, unakI pUjA karate haiM aura indrakI AjJAse unake upadezake liye samavasaraNakI racanA karate haiM, aisI sAmAnya jaina mAnyatA hai / tadanusAra z2abhakAke pAsa RjUkUlanadIke taTa para bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevalajJAna utpanna hone para devatAgaraNane Akara unakI pUjA kI jJAnakalyANaka mahotsava mnaayaa| samavasaraNakI racanA bhI huii| parantu isa prathama samavasaraNameM mahAvIra bhagavAnakI vANI nahIM khirI aura isaliye usa dina dharmatIrthakA pravartana nahIM ho sakA / 0 Avazyaka niyukti meM likhA hai ki zeSa sabhI jaina tIrthaMkaroMkA tIrtha prathama samavasaraNa meM utpanna huA, kintu jinendra -mahAbIrakA tIrthaM dvitIya samavasaraNa meM utpanna huA / zva etAmbara sAhitya meM ( sthA0 10 Tha0 ) dasa acchere 'Azcarya' batalAye haiM, jinameM se eka mahAbIra bhagavAna para upasarga honA, dUsarA garbhaparivartana aura tIsarA hai abhavyasabhA / arthAt jRmbhikA grAmameM mahAbIra kevalajJAna utpanna hone para samavasaraNakI racanA huI aura usameM deva manuSya tiryaJca ekatra bhI hue aura kalpakA pAlana karaneke hI liye dharmakathA bhI huI kintu kisIne bhI vratadhAraNa nahIM kiye| mahAvIra se pUrva anya kisI bhI tIrthaGkarake samayameM aisA nahIM huA / ataH yaha ghaTanA Azcarya janaka honese cherA (carya ) kahalAI / 1 'titthaM cAuvvaNo saMgho so padamae samosaraNe / uppaNNo u jiNANaM vIrajidissa vIyammi || " 17 Jain Educationa International 257 For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #283
258 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA Ava0 ni0 (gA0 538 ) meM 'batalAyA hai ki kevalajJAna utpanna honepara bhagavAna mahAvIra rAtrimeM hI mahAsenavan nAmaka udyAnako cale gaye / isakI TIkAmeM malayagirine likhA hai 'bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevala jJAna utpanna honeke anantara hI cAroM prakArake deva Agaye the aura unhoMne harSita hokara jJAna kalyANakakA adbhuta mahotsava manAyA thaa| kintu bhagavAnane jAnA ki yahA~ koI aisA vyakti nahIM hai jo pravrajyA dhAraNakara sake / yaha jAnakara ve viziSTa dharmakathAmeM pravRtta nahIM hue| kintu aisA kalpa hai ki jahAM kevala jJAna ho vahA~ kevalIko kamase kama bhI eka antamuhUrta taka ThaharanA cAhie aura devakRta pUjAko svIkAra karanA cAhie, tathA dharmopadeza bhI karanA caahie| isa niyogake anusAra saMkSepase dharmopadeza karake bhagavAna mahAvIra vahAMse vihAra kara gaye; kyoMki unhoMne apane jJAnase jAnA ki yahAM se bAraha yojanapara madhyamA nAmakI nagarImeM somila nAmaka brAhmaNa yajJa kara rahA hai| vahAM gyAraha upAdhyAya Aye hue haiM / ve sava caramazarIrI haiM aura pUrva janmameM unhoMne gaNadhara labdhikA upArjana kiyA hai| yaha jAnakara devatAoMse veSTita bhagavAna mahAvIra devakRta prakAza ke dvArA rAnimeM bhI dinakA sA prakAza karate hue madhyamA nagarIke mahAsena vana nAmaka udyAnameM pdhaare|' vahAM dUsare samavasaraNakI racanA huI aura devatAoMne mahAvIra bhagavAnakI pUjA kii| isI dUsare samavasaraNameM bhagavAna mahAvIrako dharma cakravartitva prApta huA 1 'utpanna mi zraNaMte naTThammi achAumathie nANe / rAie saMpatto mahaseevaNammi ujANe // 538 // ' 2 "amaranararAyamahizro patto vrdhmmckvttttitt| vIyammi samavasaraNe pAvAe majjhimAe u // 536 // -zrAva0ni0, pR0 266 / /

Page #284
bhagavAn mahAvIra 256 devatAoMkA jaya jayakAra sunakara yajJameM upasthita samUha bar3A prasanna huA aura usane samajhA ki devagaNa yajJameM padhAra rahe haiN| kintu jaba devagaNa yajJameM na padhArakara samIpameM hI sthita bhagavAna mahAvIrake samavaraNameM cale gaye to jana samUha bhI udhara hI calA AyA, aura yaha bAta sarvatra phaila gaI ki yahAM eka sarvajJa Aye hue haiM aura deva unakI pUjA karate haiN| indrabhUti nAmaka brAhmaNa vidvAna isa bAta ko sunakara kruddha hotA huA yajJa maNDapase samavasaraNakI ora claa| use devoMke dvArA mahAvIrakI pUjA tathA unakI sarvajJatAkA pravAda sahya nahIM huA / indrabhUtiko dekhate hI sarvajJa sarvadarzI bhagavAnane usakA nAma aura gotra uccAraNa karate hue use apane pAsa bulaayaa| mahAvIrake mukhase apanA nAma aura gotra sunakara prathama to use kucha acaraja huA, pIche usake ahaMkArane use sujhAyA ki maiM to sarvaloka prasiddha hUM, mujhe kauna nahIM jaantaa| yadi yaha mere manogata saMzayako batalAye to maiM samamUki yaha sarvajJa hai| ___ itane meM hI mahAvIrane kahA-'indrabhUti gautama ! tujhe jIvake astitvameM sandeha hai| apane manogata sandehakA nivAraNa hote hI indrabhUtine mahAvIrakA ziSyatva svIkAra karake unake caraNoMmeM pravrajyA lelI aura mahAvIrakA pradhAna gaNadhara pada alaMkRta kiyaa| isa taraha zvetAmbarIya sAhityake anusAra mahAvIrake tIrthakA pravartana madhyamA nagarIke mahAsenavanameM huaa| vahAMse mahAvIrane rAjagRhIkI ora prasthAna kiyA aura vahAM unakA tIsarA samavasaraNa racA gyaa| kintu digambara sAhityake ullekha ukta kathanake anukUla nahIM haiN| unake anusAra jRmbhikA grAmameM kevala jJAna honeke

Page #285
260 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA pazcAt bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrakA pravrajyA ke samayase dhAraNa kiyA gayA mauna bhaMga nahIM huA aura ve chiyAsaTha dina taka maunapUrvaka vihAra karate hue rAjagRhI nagarImeM gaye aura usake bAhara sthita vipulAcala para virAjamAna ho gye| vahIM unakA prathama samavasaraNa racA gayA / vahIM indrabhUti gautamane unake pAdamUla meM pravrajyA dhAraNa kI aura vahIM unakI prathama dharmadezanA huii| isa viSaya meM vIrasena svAmIne apanI dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkAmeM katipaya prAcIna gAthAoM ko uddhRta karate hue vistRta varNana kiyA hai / jayadhavalA meM prazna kiyA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ne dharmatIrthaMkA upadeza kahA~ diyA ? isakA uttara dete hue likhA hai ki 'jaba mahAmaMDalIka rAjA zreNika apanI celanA rAnIke sAtha sakala pRthvI maNDalakA upabhoga karatA thA taba magadha dezake tilaka ke samAna rAjagRha nagarakI naiRtya dizAmeM sthita tathA siddha aura caraNoMke dvArA sevita vipulagiri parvatake Upara bAraha sabhAoM se veSThita bhagavAna mahAvIrane dharmatIrthakA upadeza diyA / ' 1 - - SaTSaSThi divasAn bhUyo maunena viharan prabhuH / zrAjagAma jagatkhyAtaM jino rAjagRhaM puram ||61 // zrAruroha giriM tatra vipulaM vipulazriyam / pravodhArtha sa lokAnAM bhAnumAnudayaM yathA // 62 // X X X samavasthAna marhataH // 68 // iMdrAnivAyubhUtAkhyA: kauNDinyAkhyAzca paMDitAH / indrayAyAtAH pratyekaM sahitAH sarve ziSyANAM paJcabhiH zataiH / tyaktAmvarAdisambandhAH saMyamaM pratipedire ||66|| -- hari0 pu0, 2 sarga /

Page #286
.. bhagavAn mahAvIra phira prazna kiyA gayA ki kisa kAla meM bhagavAna mahAvIrane dharmatIrthakA pravartana kiyaa| isakA uttara dete hue likhA hai ki'isa bharakSakSetra sambandhI avasarpiNI kAlake cauthe duSama suSamA nAmaka kAlameM tetIsa varSa, chai mAsa aura nau dina avaziSTa rahane para dharmatIrthakI utpatti huii|' isa kAlakA vivaraNa dete hue likhA hai ki-'cauthe kAlameM 75 varSa ATha mAsa, 15 dina zeSa rahane para ASAr3ha zuklA SaSThIke dina bahattara varSakI Ayu lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra garbhameM aaye| bahattara varSoM meM tIsa varSa kumAra kAla hai, bAraha varSa chadmasthakAla ( tapasyAkAla) hai tathA tIsa varSa kevalikAla hai| isa bahattara varSa pramANa kAlako 75 varSa 8 mAsa 15 dina kAla meM ghaTA dene para mahAvIrake mokSa jAne para zeSa bace caturtha kAlakA pramANa AtA hai| isa kAlameM chiyAsaTha dina kama kevalikAlako milA denepara arthAt tIna varSa, ATha mAsa, pandraha dinameM 26 varSa, nau mAsa, 24 dina milA denepara tetIsa varSa chaha mahInA, nau dina hote haiN| cauthe kAlameM itanA zeSa rahane para bhagavAna mahAvIrane dharmatIrthakA pravartana kiyA arthAt prathama dharmadezanA kii| ataH digambara paramparAke anusAra kevalajJAna honeke chiyAsaTha dina pazcAt zrAvaNakRSNA' pratipadAke dina prAtaHkAlake samaya 1 immisse'vasappaNIe cautthasamayassa pacchime bhAe / cottIsavAsasese kiMci visesUNae saMte // 55 // vAsassa paDhamamAse paDhame pakkhamhi sAvaNe bahule / pADivadapunvadivase titthuppattI du abhijimhi / / 56 // sAvaNabahulapaDivade ruddamuhutte suhodae raviNo / abhijissa paDhamajoe jattha jugAdI muNeyanyo // 57 // -dhavalA, pu0 1, pR0 62-63 meM uddhRta /

Page #287
262 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA AkAzameM abhijit nakSatrakA udaya rahate hue rAjagRhI nagarIke bAhara sthita vipulAcalapara mahAvIrakI prathama dharmadezanA huii| kevala jJAna hone para bhI chiyAsaTha dina taka dharmadezanA na honekA kAraNa batalAte hue jayadhavalA (bhA0 1, pR0 75-76) meM praznottara rUpameM jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai yahA~ hama use uddhRta kiye dete haiN| prazna-kevalikAlameMse chiyAsaTha dina kisaliye kama kiye gaye haiM ? ___ uttara-bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevala jJAna ho jAne para bhI chiyAsaTha dina taka dharmatIrthakI utpatti nahIM huI thI, isaliye kevalikAlameM chiyAsaTha dina kama kiye gaye haiN| prazna-kevalajJAna utpanna ho jAne para bhI chiyAsaTha dina taka divyadhvani kyoM nahIM khirI ? etthAvasappiNIe cautthakAlassa carimabhAgammi / tettIsavAsa aDamAsa paNNarasa divasasesammi // 68 / / vAsassa paDhamamAse sAvaNaNAmammi bahula paDivAe / abhijINakkhattammi ya uppattI dhammatitthassa // 66 // -ti0 101 / zrAvaNasyAsite pakSe nakSatre'bhijiti prabhuH / / pratipadyahi pUrvANhe zAsanArthamudAharat / / 61 // -hari0 pu0, 2 sarga / 1 paJcaselapure ramme viule pavvaduttame / NANAdumasamAiNNe devadANavavaMdide // 52 // mahAvIreNattho kahiyo bhaviyaloyassa / -dhavalA, pu0 1, pR0 61 para uddhRta /

Page #288
bhagavAn mahAvIra 263 uttara-gaNadhara na hone se| prazna-saudharma indrane kevala jJAna honeke samaya hI gaNadharako upasthita kyoM nahIM kiyA ? uttara-kAlalabdhike binA saudharma indra gaNadharako upasthita karane meM asamartha thaa| prazna-jisane apane pAdamUlameM mahAvrata svIkAra kiyA hai aise puruSako chor3akara anyake nimittase divyadhvani kyoM nahIM khirtii| samAdhAna-aisA hI svabhAva hai aura svabhAvake viSayameM koI prazna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___ukta praznottaroMse jJAta hotA hai ki kevala jJAna utpanna honeke pazcAt jo vyakti tIrthaGkarake pAdamUlameM dIkSA lekara unakA ziSyatva svIkAra karatA hai vahI unakA gaNadhara bananekA adhikArI hotA hai| chiyAsaTha dina taka kisI aise vyaktine mahAvIra bhagavAnake pAdamUlameM dIkSA lekara unakA ziSyatva svIkAra nahIM kiyA, jo inakA gaNadhara bananekI yogyatA rakhatA ho| ___ jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai, zvetAmbarIya mAnyatAke anusAra jambhikA grAmameM kevala jJAna prakaTa hone para bhI mahAvIra bhagavAnakI dharmadesanA isaliye nahIM huI ki vahA~ koI aisA vyakti upasthita nahIM thA jo unake pAdamUlameM cAritra dhAraNa karake unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kara sakatA ho| dUsare dina mahAsena nAmaka udyAnameM indrabhUti Adike unakA ziSyatva svIkAra karane para hI unakI dharmadezanA huI / ataH kevala jJAna prakaTa honeke pazcAt hI bhagavAn mahAvIrakI dharmadezanA na hone ke sambandhameM donoM sampradAyoM kI mAnyatAmeM prAyaH ekarUpatA hai / antara hai prathama dezanAke sthAna aura kAla meN|

Page #289
264 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA samavasaraNa mahAvIra bhagavAnkI upadeza sabhAko samavasaraNa kahA jAtA thA / jaina sAhityameM tIrthaGkaroMke 'samavasaraNoMkA jo varNana milatA hai vaha anupama hai| vRhatsabhAsthAnakI racanA kaisI kI jAtI thI yaha usase prakaTa hotA hai| saMkSepameM samavasaraNakI racanA isa prakAra hotI hai-sabase prathasa dhUli sAla nAmaka koTake bAda cAroM dizAoMmeM cAra mAnastambha hote haiN| ina mAnastambhoM para dRSTi par3ate hI ahaGkArI vyaktiyoMkA ahaGkAra cUra-cUra ho jAtA hai| mAnastambhoMke cAroM ora sarovara hote haiN| phira nirmala jalase bharI huI parikhA hotI hai, phira puSpa vATikA hotI hai| usake Age pahalA koTa hotA hai| usake Age donoM ora do do nATaka zAlAe~ hotI haiM, unake Age dUsarA upavana hotA hai, usake Age vedikA aura phira dhvajAoMkI paMktiyA~ hotI haiN| phira dUsarA koTa hotA hai| usake Age vedikAsahita kalpavRkSoMkA vana hotA hai| usake bAda stUpa aura stUpoMke bAda makAnoMkI paMktiyA~ hotI haiN| phira tIsarA koTa hotA hai| usake bhItara solaha dIvAloMke bIcameM bAraha koTe hote haiN| ina koToMke bhItara pUrvAdi pradakSiNA kramase pRthaka-pRthaka manuSya, deva aura munigaNa baiThate haiN| tadanantara pIThikA hotI haiM aura pIThikAke Upara tIrthakara virAjamAna hote haiN| tIrthakara pUraba athavA uttara dizA kI ora mukha karake baiThate haiN| unake cAroM ora pradakSiNArUpa kramase munijana 1, kalpavAsinI deviyA~ 2, AryikA tathA anya striyA~ 3, jyotiSoMko deviyA~ 4, vyantaroMko deviyA~ 5, bhavana1. vistRta varNana ke liye tiloya paNNati bhA0 1, gA0 712 633 tathA mahApurANa pra0 bhAga pR0 514-536 dekhanA cAhiye /

Page #290
bhagavAna mahAvIra 265 vAsinI deviyA~ 6, bhavanavAsI deva 7, vyantaradeva 8, jyotiSkadeva, kalpavAsI deva 10. manuSya 11 aura pazu 12 baiThate haiN| zAntamUrti kSamAzIla tIrthaMkarake prabhAvase samavasaraNameM sthita virodhI prANI bhI parasparake virodhako bhUla jAte haiM aura zAntipUrvaka upadeza zravaNa karate haiN| divyadhvani aura usakI bhASA tIrthaGkaroM kI vANIko divyadhvani kahate haiN| divya-dhvani arthAt alaukika AvAja / bhagavAnake mukhakamalase nikalanevAlI isa dhvanikI divyatA yaha hotI hai ki yadyapi vaha dhvani eka hI prakAra kI hotI hai tathApi usakA pariNamana sarvabhASArUpa hotA hai| samavasaraNameM upasthita sabhI prANI usakA abhiprAya apanI apanI bhASAmeM samajha jAte haiN| isIse use sarva bhASArUpa kahA gayA hai| kinhIM AcAryoMkA mata hai ki vANIkI yaha vizeSatA devakRta hai| jinasenAcArya ne use devakRta nahIM mAnA balki bhagavAnakI hI vizeSatA mAnA hai| isI taraha kucha AcAryoMne tIrthaGkarakI vANIko anakSarI' mAnA hai kintu jinasenAcArya ne usakA niSedha karate hue akSararUpa hI mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki akSara samUhake binA lokameM arthakA parijJAna nahIM dekhA jaataa| 1. 'ekatayo'pi ca sarvanRbhASAH so'ntaraneSTa bahUzca kubhaassaaH| apratipattimapAsya ca tatvaM bodhayatisma jinasya mahimnA // 70 // -ma0 pu0, 23 50 / 2. 'devakRto dhvanirityasadetad devaguNasya tathA vihatiH syAt / sAkSara eva ca varNasamUhAnnaiva vinArthagatirjagati syAt / / 73 / / -ma0 pu0 23 parva /

Page #291
266 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ___bhagavAna mahAbIrane apanA upadeza ardhamAgadhI bhASAmeM diyA thaa| unake kAlameM dharmakI bhASA saMskRta thii| kintu mahAbIra aura buddha ne tatkAlIna loka bhASAko hI apane apane upadezoMko mAdhyama bnaayaa| jahAM taka hama jAna sake haiM ye donoM hI pracAraka kisI bhASAvizeSa para jora nahIM dete the| unakI kevala yahI bhAvanA thI ki loga dharmako jAne aura usakA anu. saraNa kreN| bhASA vizeSake prayogakA mahattva unakI dRSTimeM nahIM thA / cullavagga (5-33-1) meM likhA hai ki eka bAra do bhinuoM ne buddhase zikAyata kI ki bhikSu buddhabacanako apanI apanI bhASAmeM parivartita kara rahe haiN| buddhane uttara diyA ki maiM bhikSuoM ko apanI apanI bhASAke prayogakI anujJA detA huuN| yaha nizcita rUpase nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki buddhane kisa bhASAmeM dharmakA pracAra kiyaa| kintu sabase prAcIna bauddha grantha pAli bhASAmeM haiM aura pAli nikAyako tripiTaka kahate haiN| ____pAli bhASAkA mUla kauna bhASA hai aura vaha kahA~ utpanna huI isa viSayameM bar3A vivAda hai| kintu bauddha buddhakI bhASAko mAgadhI mAnate haiN| DA0 sunIti kumAra caTarjIkA kahanA hai ki buddhake samasta upadeza bAdake samayameM mAgadhI bhASAse madhyadezakI saurasenI prAkRtameM anuvAdita hue the| aura ve hI IsvI pUrva prAyaH do sau varSase pAli bhASAke nAmase prasiddha hue|' kintu pAli bhASAkA zaurasenI aura mAgadhIkI apekSA paizAcIke sAtha hI adhika sAdRzya hai isIse DA0 kono aura sara griyarsanane paizAcI bhASA 1. 'bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhammamAikkhai' -sama sU0 / 'devA Na addha mAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsaMti' -bhaga0 suu0|| 'bhAsAriyA je NaM addha mAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsaMti -prajJA0'

Page #292
bhagavAn mahAvIra 267 jisa dezameM pracalita thI usIko pAlikA utpattisthAna batalAyA thaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki buddhake upadezoMkA mAdhyama loka bhASA hI thii| aura bhagavAna mahAbIrake upadezoMkA mAdhyama ardhamAgadhI bhASA thii| isa bhASAkI yaha vizeSatA thI ki saba zrotA isakA abhiprAya apanI apanI bhASAmeM samajha lete the| bhASAkI isa vizeSatAko devatAoMkA atizaya bhI kahA gayA hai ki mAgadha jAtike devoMke dvArA usakA pariNAmana isa rUpameM kara diyA jAtA thA jisako saba zrotA samajha sakate the| yaha tathokta devakRta atizaya Adhunika yugake una yaMtroMkA smaraNa dilAte haiM jinake dvArA eka bhASAmeM kahI gaI bAtako tatkAla vibhinna bhASAoM meM anUdita kara diyA jAtA hai aura isa taraha zrotA apanI apanI bhASA meM hI usakA abhiprAya samajha lete haiN| ukta vizeSatAko vaktA bhagavAn tIrthaGkarakA bhI atizaya batalAyA gayA hai| Ajake vaijJAnika yugameM isakA Azaya hama yaha le sakate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAbIra apanA upadeza eka aisI bhASAmeM dete the jo bhASA kisI deza vizeSase sambaddha nahIM thI, yadyapi usameM usa dezakI bhASAke zabdoMkI bahutAyata thI jisa dezameM bhagavAnakI prathama dharma dezanA huI thii| vaha deza magadha thA, isIse bhagavAna kI vANI ardhamAgadhI kahI jAtI thii| 16vIM zatAbdIke granthakAra zrutasAgara' zrurike anusAra bhagavAnakI bhASAkA ardhabhAga magadha dezakI bhASA arthAt mAgadhI bhASArUpa thA aura AdhA bhAga anya sarvabhASArUpa thaa| 1. 'sarvArdhamAgadhIyA bhASA bhavati / ko'rthaH ? ardha. bhagavadbhASAyA magadhadezabhASAtmakaM ardha ca sarvabhASAtmakam' -SaTprA0 TI0, pR0 66 /

Page #293
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA 'ardhamAgadhI' zabda 'ardha' aura 'mAgadhI' ina do zabdoMke samAsa se niSpanna hotA hai / ardhazabdakA artha lagabhaga AdhA aura ThIka AdhA donoM hote haiM / vyAkaraNake anusAra jisa samAsameM ardha zabda avayavIse pUrva meM AtA hai vahA~ usakA arthaThIka AdhA hotA hai| ataH 'mAgaNyA ardhama- ardhamAgadhI' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra- jisa bhASA meM ThIka AdhI mAgadhI bhASA aura AdhI anya anya bhASAe~ rilImilI hoM use ardhamAgadhI bhASA kahate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie jisa bhASA meM sau zabdoMmeMse pacAsa zabda mAgadhI bhASAke aura pacAsa zabda anya anya bhASAoM ke milejule hoM use ardhamAgadhI kahA jA sakatA hai| zrutasAgara sUrine isI vyutpattiko lakSya meM rakhakara hI ukta artha kiyA hai / sAkI sAtavIM zatAbdIke cUrNikAra zrI jinadAsa mahattarane ardhamAgathI bhASAkA artha do prakArase kiyA hai / yathA 'magahaddhavisayabhAsA nibaddhaM zraddhamAgahaM, zrahavA aTThArasadesI bhAsA - yitaM zraddhamAgadhaM / ' inameM se dUsare prakArakA artha to spaSTa hai - aTThAraha prakArakI dezI bhASAoM meM niyata sUtrako zraddhamAgadha kahate haiM / arthAt ardhamAgadhI bhASA aTThAraha prakArakI dezI bhASAoMke melase niSpanna bhASA hotI hai| kintu prathama prakAra meM matabheda hai 268 paM0 becaradAsajIne usakA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai- 'magadhadezakI AdhI bhASA meM jo nibaddha ho use ardhamAgadha kahate haiM / ' ( jai0 sA0 saM0, bhA0 1, pR0 33 ) / kintu apane 'pAi sahamahaNavake yoddhA meM paM0 haragovindadAsane usakA artha kiyA hai'magadhadezake ardhapradezakI bhASAmeM jo nibaddha ho vaha ardhamAgadha ( pR0 27 ) /

Page #294
266 bhagavAn mahAvIra paM0 haragovindadAsa ardhamAgadhI zabdakI 'ardhamAgadhyAH' vyutpattise sahamata nahIM haiN| vaha 'ardhamagadhasyeyaM ardhamAgadhI' vyutpattiko hI vAstavika batalAte haiN| isake anusAra ardhamAgadhIkA artha hotA hai -magadha dezake ardhAzakI jo bhASA vaha ardhamAgadhI hai / nizItha cUrNikArake arthakA prathama prakAra isI vyutpattike anukUla pratIta hotA hai / magadhArdhaviSaya bhASAnibaddhA' kA artha magadhadezake ardhapradezakI bhASAmeM nibaddha hI upayukta haimagadhadezakI AdhI bhASAmeM nibaddha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki arddha zabda aisI sthitimeM nahIM hai jisase use bhASAke sAtha saMyukta kiyA jA ske| kintu paM0 haragovindadAsane cUrNikArake dUsare arthako bilkula hI chor3a diyA hai kyoMki vaha unakI 'ardhamagadhasyeyaM' vyutpattike pratikUla aura 'ardhamAgadhyAH ' ke anukUla hai| usase to yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI bhASA aneka bhASAoMke melase niSpanna bhASA thii| yahI artha tatkAlIna sthiti tathA jainaparamparA ke bhI anukUla hai| mahAvIra bhagavAnakI janmabhUmi magadhadeza honese unakI bhASAkA mukhya sambandha magadhadezake sAtha honA ucita hI hai| usake sAtha hI magadhake nikaTavartI dUsare prAntoMkI bhASAoMke sAtha mAgadhIkA samparka honA svAbhAvika hai| ataH anya prAntoMko bhASAoMse mizrita mAgadhI bhASA hI ardhamAgadhI honI caahiye| mArkaNDeyane apane prAkRta vyAkaraNameM mAgadhI bhASAkA lakSaNa banAkara usI prakaraNake antameM artha mAgadhI bhASAkA lakSaNa isa prakAra kahA hai-'zaurasenyA adUratvAdiyamevArdhamAgadhI / ' arthAt zaurasenI bhASAke nikaTavartI honese mAgadhI hI ardhamAgadhI hai|' ardhamAgadhIkA utpatti sthAna magadha aura zUrasena

Page #295
270 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kA madhyavartI pradeza mAnA jAtA hai| magadha deza aura zUrasena deza pAsa-pAsa honese magadhakI bhASA mAgadhIkA sUrasena dezakI bhASA zaurasenIke sAtha samparka honese ardhamAgadhI bhASAkI utpatti huI hai| ataH ukta lakSaNase bhI 'adha mAgadhyAH' vyutpatti kA hI poSaNa hotA hai| sara griyarsanane apane prAkRta bhASAoMke bhaugolika vivaraNameM yaha sthira kiyA hai ki jaina ardha mAgadhI madhyadeza (zUrasena ) aura magadhake madhyavartI dezakI bhASA thii| kintu kramadIzvarane apane prAkRta vyAkaraNameM ardhamAgadhIkA lakSaNa bhinna kiyA hai-'mahArASTrI mizrA ardha mAgadhI; arthAt mahArASTrIse mizrita mAgadhI bhASA hI ardhamAgadhI hai|' sambhavatayA yaha lakSaNa ardha mAgadhI para mahArASTrIkA prabhAva par3ane ke pazcAt racA gayA hai; kyoMki zve0 jaina sUtroMkI ardhamAgadhI meM itara bhASAoMkI apekSA mahArASTrIke lakSaNa adhika dekhane meM Ate haiN| parantu isa lakSaNa se bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki anya bhASAoMse mizrita mAgadhIko hI adhAMmAgadhI kahate the| ataH 'ardhamAgadhI' meM ardha zabda mAgadhIke sAtha samasta hai na ki magadha ke sAtha / magadha dezakI bhASA mAgadhI thI yaha itihAsa siddha hai| Adhe magadha dezakI bhASA usase bhinna koI anya bhASA nahIM ho sakatI jo ardhamAgadhI kahI jAtI ho| phira bhI paM0 haragovinda dAsa jIne jo ardha magadhakI bhASAko ardha mAgadhI kahA hai, usakA kAraNa zAyada yaha ho ki vidvAnoMkA kahanA hai ki zve. jaina sUtroMkI bhASAmeM mAgadhIke lakSaNa adhika na milanese vaha ardhamAgadhI kahalAneke yogya nahIM hai / yaha Apatti isI bAtako dRSTimeM rakhakara uThAI jAtI hai ki mAgadhIse ardhamAgadhI utpanna huI hai| isIke bacAvake liye zAyada paNDitajIne ardhamAgadhIkA artha Adhe magadhakI bhASA

Page #296
bhagavAn mahAvIra 271 kiyA hai| magara isa paribhASAse bhI ukta ApattikA parihAra nahIM hotA kyoMki jaba magadhakI bhASA mAgadhI thI to zrAdhe magadhakI bhASA usase sarvathA bhinna nahIM ho sktii| dUsare, zvetAmbarIya Agama sUtroM para mahArASTrIkA gaharA prabhAva parilakSita honekA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAbIra nirvANase 980 varSa pazcAt valabhImeM unakA saMkalana, sampAdana aura lekhana huA tathA tabase unake saMzodhana, saMvaddhana, saMrakSA, paThana pAThana lekhana Adi kA kArya gujarAta aura kAThiyAvAr3ameM hI hotA rhaa| phira bhI aNega, udahI, logAloge, Adi zabda ukta AgamoMke kisI bhI pRSThameM dekhe jA sakate haiM, jo ardha mAgadhIke mahArASTrI citra mUla AdhArake sUcaka haiN| ataH ardhamAgadhI eka aisI bhASA thI jo mAgadhI tathA anya prAntoMkI bhASAoMke melase niSpatra huI thii| usIko bhagavAna mahAbIrane apane upadezakA mAdhyama banAyA thaa| use sabhI zrotA. saralatAse samajha sakate the| mahAvIra bhagavAna ke gaNadhara ___ digambara tathA zvetAmbara sAhityameM mahAvIra bhagavAnake gyAraha gaNadhara batalAye haiN| unameM pradhAna gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama the| zeSa gaNadharoM se kuchake nAmoMmeM antara pAyA jAtA hai| AcArya guNabhadrane apane uttara purANameM gyAraha gaNadharoMke nAma isa prakAra batalAye haiM - indrabhUti, vAyubhUti, agnibhUti, sudharmA, maurya, maundra, putra, maitreya, akampana, andhavela yA anvacela, aura prabhAsa ( parva 24, zlo0 373-374) / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM unake nAma isa prakAra pAye jAte haiM-indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, vyakta, sudharmA, maMDika (ta), mauryapUtra, akampita, acala bhrAtA, metArya aura prbhaas| ina gyAraha gaNadharoMmeMse digambara

Page #297
272 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA sAhitya se kevala eka indrabhUtike sambandha meM hI thor3I sI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / zeSa gaNadharoMke viSayameM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotA / zvetAmbarI AgamoMse bhI gaNadharoMke viSaya meM svalpa hI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / yathA samavAyAMga sUtra 11 meM gyAraha gaNadharoMke nAma batAye haiM, sama0 sU0 74 meM agnibhUtikI Ayu 74 varSa batalAI hai, sama0 sU0 78 meM akampita gaNadharakA Ayu 78 varSa batalAI hai / sama0 sU0 12 meM indrabhUtikI Ayu 62 varSe batalAI hai / kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM kahA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake nau gaNa aura gyAraha gaNadhara the / isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kalpasUtra meM gyAraha gaNadharoMke nAma gotra aura pratyeka ke ziSyoM kI saMkhyA batalAI hai / gaNadharoMkI yogyatA ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki sabhI gaNadhara dvAdazAMga aura catudaza pUrvake dhArI the / tathA sabhI rAjagRhase mukta hue| unameM bhI indra bhUti aura sudharmA ke sivAya zeSa nau gaNadhara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke rahate hue hI mukta hue / ukta sthavirAvalI meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki Aja jo zramaNa saMgha pAyA jAtA hai vaha sudharmAkI paramparA meM hai / zeSa gaNadhara nissantAna hI mukta hue- unakI ziSya paramparAkA abhAva hai| indrabhUti ke viSaya meM dhavalAmeM likhA hai - unakA gotra gautama thA, varNa brAhmaNa thA, cAroM veda aura chahoM vedAMgoMmeM vaha pAraMgata the tathA zIlavAna aura brAhmaNoMmeM zreSTha the / jIva ajIva viSayaka sandehako dUra karaneke liye mahAvIra svAmIke pAdamUlameM upasthita 1. ' gotteNa godamo vippo cAuvveya saDaMgavi / gAmeNa iMdabhUditti sIlavaM bahmattamo // 61 // - SaTkhaM, pu0 1, pR0 65 /

Page #298
bhagavAn mahAvIra 273 hue the / mahAvIrakA ziSyatva svIkAra karane para unake pradhAna gaNadhara pada para adhiSThita hone ke vAdakI dazAkA varNana karate hue likhA haivaha mati zruta avadhi aura manaH paryaya nAmaka cAra nirmala jJAnoMse sampanna the / unhoMne dIpta, ugra aura tapta tapako tapA thA / ve aNimA Adi ATha prakArakI vikriyA Rddhise bhUSita the / sarvArthasiddhike nivAsI devoMse anantaguNa balazAlI the| eka muhUrta meM dvAdazAMga ke athacantanameM aura pATha karanemeM samartha the / ve apane pANipAtra meM dI gaI khIrako amRta rUpase parivartita karanemeM tathA akSaya banAne meM samartha the| unheM AhAra aura sthAna sambandhI zrI Rddhi prApta thI / ve sarvAvadhi jJAnI aura utkRSTa vipula mati mana:paryayajJAnI the / sAta prakArake bhayase rahita the / unhoMne cAro kaSAyoMko naSTa kara diyA thA / pA~coM indriyoMko jIta liyA thA / mana vacana aura kAyarUpa tIna daNDoMko bhagna kara diyA thA / ATha madoMko naSTa kara diyA thA | sadA dasa dharmokA pAlana karane meM vaha tatpara rahate the / pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptirUpa aSTa pravacana mAtAoM kA pAlana karate the / bAIsa parISahoMke vijetA the / satya hI unakA alaMkAra thA / 0 bhagavatI sUtra (1-17) meM indrabhUtike guNoMkA varNana isa prakAra hai-usa samaya zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIrakA pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti nAmaka anagAra thaa| usakA gotra gautama thA, sAta hAtha U~cA thA, samacaturastra saMsthAna tathA vajravRSabhanArAca saMhananakA dhArI thA, kasauTI para aMkita suvarNakI rekhA tathA kamalakI kesarake samAna gaura varNa thA / ugra dIpta, tapta aura mahAtapakA AcaraNa karanevAlA thA / ghora tapasvI aura ghora brahmacarya kA pAlaka thA, zarIrake saMskAroMse dUra rahatA thA, tejolezyAkA dhAraka thA, caudaha pUrvokA jJAtA aura cAra jJAna ka0 pA0, bhA0 1, pR0 83 / 1. 18

Page #299
274 * sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA se sampanna thA tathA sarvAkSara sannipAtI-zrutake samasta akSaroMkA vettA thaa| bhaga0 sU0 (14-7-551 ) se yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki gautama kA bhagavAna mahAvIrake prati dRr3ha anurAga thA tathA una donoMkA pUrva janmakA sambandha thA-Adi / __isa taraha digambara tathA zvetAmbara AgamoMse indrabhUti gautama gaNadharake sambandhameM hI vizeSa jAnakArI milatI hai| usake pazcAt yadi kisI gaNadharake sambandhameM kucha milatA hai to vaha haiM sudharmA / digambara paramparAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI ziSya paramparA ko liye hue jitanI paTTAvaliyA~ milatI haiM unameM indrabhUtike pazcAt sudharmAkA nAma milatA hai| sudharmA' kA hI dUsarA nAma lohArya athavA lohAryakA dUsarA nAma sudharmA thaa| sudharmAke pazcAt jambUkA nAma AtA hai / digambara paramparAke anusAra indrabhUtise hI sudharmAko aMga aura pUrvakA jJAna prApta huA thaa| isa taraha digambara paramparAmeM sudharmAkA nAma to indrabhUtike pazcAt AtA hai kintu unake sambandhameM anya koI nirdeza nahIM miltaa| zvetA0 AgamoMse bhI sudharmAke sambandhameM koI vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM miltii| kevala itanA hI nirdeza milatA hai ki jambUke prazna ke uttarameM sudharmAne amuka AgamakA vyAkhyAna kiyaa| 1-'teNa vi lohajjassa ya lohajjeNa sudhammaNAmeNa / gaNadhara sudhammaNA khalu jaMbUNAmassa NiddiDha // 10 // -ja. pa0 / 2-ka. pA0; bhA0 1, pR0 84 /

Page #300
bhagavAna mahAvIra 275 isa taraha bhagavAnake gaNadharoMke viSayameM prAcIna digambara sAhitya tathA zvetAmbara AgamoMse itanI jAnakArI milatI hai| kintu Avazyaka niyuktimeM eka gAthAke' dvArA gyAraha gaNadharoMke saMzayoMkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ina saMzayoMko dUra karaneke liye hI ve gyAraha vyakti bhagavAna mahAvIrake samavasaraNameM gaye the aura saMzaya dUra hote hI unake pAdamUla meM jina dIkSA dhAraNa karake mahAvIra bhagavAnake ziSya tathA gaNadhara bana gaye the| ve gyAraha saMzaya isa prakAra the 1 jIva hai ki nahIM ? 2 karma hai ki nahIM ? 3 zarIra hI jIva hai yA isase bhinna hai ? 4 bhUta-pRthivI jala Adi hai yA nahIM ? 5 isa bhavameM jIva jaisA hotA hai parabhavameM vaisA hotA hai ki nahIM? 6 baMdha-mokSa hai ki nahIM? 7 deva haiM ki nahIM? 8 nArakI haiM ki nahIM ? ha puNya pApa hai ki nahIM ? 10 paraloka hai ki nahIM? 11 nirvANa hai ki nahIM ? 1-jIve kamme tajIva bhUya tArisaya baMdhamokkhe ya / devA Neraiya yA puNNe paraloya NivANe // 566 // -zrAva. ni|

Page #301
276 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kyA pArzva aura mahAvIrake dharmameM bheda thA ? pArzvanAthakI aitihAsikatA para prakAza DAlate hue bauddha tathA zvetAmbarI sAhityake AdhArase yaha batalAyA hai ki pArzvanAthakA dharma caturyAma rUpa thaa| usameM saMzodhana karake bhagavAna mahAvIrane use paJca mahAvratakA rUpa diyaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtrake prasiddha kezI-gautama saMvAda meM bhI isakI carcA hai| pArzvanAthakI paraMparAke AcArya kezI aura vardhamAna mahAvIrake pradhAna ziSya gautama donoM zrAvastIke eka udyAnameM milate haiN| kezI gautamase pUchatA hai ki pArzvanAthakA dharma caturyAma aura 'sAntarottara' hai aura mahAvIrakA dharma paJca mahAvrata rUpa tathA acelaka hai| isa antarakA kyA kAraNa hai| prAyaH itihAsajJoMne isa saMvAdako eka aitihAsika tathyake rUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai aura usIpara se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki mahAvIra ne pArzvanAthake dharmameM sudhAra kiyA thaa| prakRta viSaya para prakAza DAlaneke liye hameM jaina sAhityakA AloDana karanA hogaa| jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM ki pArzva aura mahAvIrake dharmameM ukta bhedakI carcAkA digambara jaina sAhityameM koI saMketa taka nahIM 1-cAujAmo ya jo dhammo, jo imo paMca sikkhiyo| desizro vaDDamANeNa pAseNa ya mahAmuNI // 12 // acelago ya jo dhammo jo imo sNtruttro| egakajapavannANaM visese kiM nu kAraNam // 13 // ' -utta0 23 a0

Page #302
bhagavAn mahAvIra 277 hai| kintu prathama aura antima tIrthaGkara tathA zeSa bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke dharmameM antara honekA nirdeza digambara sAhityameM bhI milatA hai| mUlAcAra, meM jo digambara paramparAkA mAnya prAcIna AcAra grantha hai, likhA hai ki dUsare ajitanAtha tIrthaGkara se lekara teIsaveM pArzvanAtha paryaMta bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMne sAmAyika saMyamakA upadeza diyA thaa| kintu prathama RSabha aura antima mahAvIra tIrthaGkarane chedopasthApanA saMyamakA bhI upadeza diyA thaa| isI granthameM Age aura likhA hai-prathama aura antima tIrthaGkara kA dharma pratikramaNa sahita thA arthAt doSa lage yA na lage, kintu usakI vizuddhike liye pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka thaa| kintu madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke dharma meM aparAdha hone para hI pratikramaNa karanekA vidhAna thaa| isase itanA to spaSTa hotA hai ki pArzva aura mahAvIrake dharmameM thor3A antara avazya thaa| pArzvanAthane sAmAyika, parihAra. vizuddhi, sUkSma sAmparAya aura yathAkhyAta rUpa cAra hI cAritroMkA vidhAna kiyA thA tathA unake dharmameM sAdhuke liye pratikramaNa karanA jarUrI nahIM thA-doSa lagane para hI pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA thaa| kintu mahAvIrane chedopasthApanAkA vidhAna karake cArakI jagaha pA~ca cAritroMkA vidhAna kiyA aura aparAdha ho yA na ho, sAdhu ke liye pratikramaNa karanA anivArya kara diyaa| 1-'bAvIsaM yatitthayarA sAmAyiyasaMjamaM udisaMti / cheduvaDhAvaNiyaM puNa bhayavaM usahA ya vIro ya // 36 // 2-- sapaDikammo dhammo purimassa ya pacchimasya ya jiNassa / avarAhe paDikamaNaM majjhimayANaM jiNavarANaM // 126 // -mUlA0 7 a0

Page #303
278 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA isa taraha pArzvanAtha ke dharmameM cAra cAritroMkA vidhAna to digambara sAhitya meM bhI milatA hai aura yaha bhI milatA hai ki usameM ekakI vRddhi karake mahAvIra svAmIne unakI saMkhyA pA~ca kara dI thii| kintu caturyamakA nirdeza nahIM miltaa| hA~, akalaMkadeva ke tatvArthavArtika meM ( 0 1 sU0 7 ) nirdezAdi kA vidhAna karate hue cAritra ke cAra bheda bhI batalAye haiM- 'caturdhA caturyamabhedAt / cAra yamoMke bhedase cAritrake cAra bheda haiN| tathA sAmAyika AdikI apekSA pA~ca bheda haiM / yahA~ caturyama tathokta caturyAma ke liye AyA ho, aisA pratIta hotA hai / jainAcAra ke anusAra nirgrantha jaina sAdhu munidIkSA lete samaya sAmAyika saMyamako hI dhAraNa karatA hai - 'samasta pApa kAryoM kA maiM tyAga karatA hU~ isa prakAra eka yamarUpase vrata dhAraNa karane kA nAma sAmAyika' hai aura usI eka yamarUpa vratake bheda karake pA~ca yamarUpase dhAraNa karanekA nAma chedopasthApanA' hai / sAmAyika saMyama meM dUSaNa lagA lene para chedopasthApanA cAritra dhAraNa karAyA jAtA hai | madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke dvArA chedopasthApanA tathA anivArya pratikramaNakA vidhAna na karane aura prathama tathA antima tIrthaGkara 1---'saMgahiya sayalasaMjamameyaja maNuttaraM dukhagammaM / jIvo samuvvahaMto sAmAiyasaMjamA hoI || 187 // - SaT khaM0, pu0 1, 50 372 / 2 -- chetUNaya pariyAyaM porANe jo Thavei appANaM / paMcajame dhamme so chedobaDAvazro jIvo // 188 // Jain Educationa International - SaT khaM0 pu0 1, pR0 372 / For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #304
bhagavAn mahAvIra 276 ke dvArA unakA vidhAna karane kA kAraNa batalAte hue mUlAcAra meM likhA hai ki-prathama tIrthaGkarake ziSya sarala svabhAvI kintu jar3a. buddhi the| bArambAra samajhAne para bhI zAstrakA marma nahIM samajha pAte the aura antitha tIrthaGkara ke ziSya kuTila aura jar3amati the| ataH ve yogya-ayogyako nahIM samajhate the| kintu madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke ziSya hada buddhi, ekAgramana aura prekSApUrvakArI hote the| isIliye unake niyamoM meM antara thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI gautamane pArzva aura mahAvIrake dharmameM ukta antara honekA kAraNa unakI ziSya paramparAkI pravRtti aura mAnasako hI batalAyA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki pArzvanAthakI paramparAke niprantha saralamati aura samajhadAra hote the, isaliye adhika vistAra na karane para bhI ve yathArtha Azayako samajha kara ThIka rItise vratakA pAlana karate the| kintu mahAvIrakI paramparAke nimrantha kuTila aura nAsamajha the| isaliye mahAvIra 1-'AdIe duvvisodhaNa NihaNe taha suThu duraNupAle ya / purimA pacchimA vi hu kappAkappaM Na jANaMti // 38 // majjhimayA diDhabuddhI eyaggamaNA amoha lakkhA ya / tumhA hu jamAcaraMti taM garahaMtAvi sujjhati // 132 // -mUlA0, 7 a0| 2-'purimA ujjujaDA u vakkajaDhA ya pacchimA / majjhimA ujjuppannA u teNa dhammo duhA kae / / 26 // purimANaM dunvisojho u carimANaM durnnupaalshro| kappo majjhimagANaM tu suvisujjho supAlazro // 27 // -uttarA0, 23 a0|

Page #305
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ne parigraha tyAga vrata meM sammilita strI tyAga vrata ko pRthak karake vratoMkI saMkhyA pA~ca kara dii| sthA0 sU0 ( 266 ) meM kathita caturyAma kA vyAkhyAna karate hue TIkAkAra ne likhA hai-"madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkara tathA videhastha tIrthaGkara cAturyAma dharma kA tathA prathama aura antima tIrthaGkara paJcayAma dharmakA kathana ziSyoMkI apekSAse karate haiM / vAstavameM to donoM hI paJca paJca yAma dharmakA hI pratipAdana karate haiN| kintu prathama tathA antima tIrthaGkarake tIrthaMke sAdhu kramase Rju jar3a aura vakrajar3a hote haiM ataH parigraha chor3ane kA upadeza dene para 'parigraha tyAga meM maithuna tyAga bhI garbhita hai yaha samajhanemeM aura samajhakara usakA tyAga karanemeM asamartha hote haiN| kintu zeSa tIrthaGkaroMke tIrthake sAdhu Rju aura prAjJa honeke kAraNa turanta samajha lete haiM ki parigrahameM maithuna bhI sammilita hai kyoMki binA grahaNa kiye strIko nahIM bhogA jA sktaa| ___ ataH pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke dharma meM jo antara pratIta hotA hai vaha saiddhAntika nahIM hai kintu apane apane samaya ke ziSyoM 1-TIkA-'iyaM ceha bhAvanA / madhyama tIrthaGkarANAM videhakAnAJca caturyAmadharmasya pUrvapazcimatIrthakarayozca paJcayAmadharmasya prarUpaNA ziSyApekSayA / paramArthatastu paJcayAmasyaivobhayeSAmappasau, yataH prathama pazcimatIrthaGkarasAdhavaH ajujaDA vakrajaDAzceti tattvAdeva parigraho varjanIya ityupadiSTe maithunavarjanamavabodhupAlayituM ca na kSamA / madhyama videhajatIrthasAdhavastu RjuSAzAstadvodhu varjayituM ca kSamA iti / ' -sthA0 sU0 266 /

Page #306
bhagavAn mahAvIra 281 kI sthiti ko dekhakara thor3A sA pheraphAra kiyA gayA hai| acelaka aura sAntarottara dharmameM bhI vahI dRSTi parilakSita hotI hai / isakA vistRta vicAra Age saMghabhedake prakaraNameM kiyA jAyagA; kyoki saMghabhedameM vastra hI pradhAna kAraNa bnaa| nirvANa 72 varSakI avasthAmeM bihAra pradezake paTanA jileke antargata pAvA nAmaka sthAnase bhagavAn mahAvIrane muktilAbha kiyaa| unake mukta honeko avasthAke sambandhameM digambara aura zvetAmbara varNanoMmeM antara pAyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbarIya varNana ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAbIrakA upadeza sunane ke lie vibhinna dezoMke rAjA pAvAmeM pdhaare| bha0 mahAbIra ne ekatra jana samUhako chai dina taka upadeza diyaa| sAtaveM dina rAtri ke samaya rAta bhara upadeza diyaa| jaba rAtri ke pichale pahara meM saba zrotA nIMdameM the, bha0 mahAbIra paryaGkAsanase zukla dhyAnameM sthita ho gye| jaise hI dina nikalane kA samaya huA, mahAvIra prabhune nirvANa lAbha kiyaa| jaba manuSya jAge to unhoMne dekhA ki vIra prabhu nirvANa lAbha kara cuke haiM / usa samaya gautama gaNadhara ke sivAya unake sabhI ziSya upasthita the| 1-~vAsANUNattIsaM paMca ya mAse ya vIsa divase ya / cauviha aNagArehi ya bAraha diNehi ( gaNehi ) viharittA / / pacchA pAvA Nayare kattiya mAsassa kiNhacauddasie / sAdIe rattIe sesarayaM chetu hivvAzro / -ja0 dha0, bhA0 1, pR081 meM uddhRta /

Page #307
282 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA digamvarIya' ullekhake anusAra, unatIsa varSa, pA~camAsa aura bIsa dina taka cAra prakArake anagAroM aura bAraha gaNoM arthAt sabhAoMke sAtha bihAra karake bhagavAna mahAvIra pAvAmeM padhAre aura yoga nirodhake dvArA zeSa cAra aghAti karmoko bhI naSTa karake kArtika mAsakI kuSNa cartudazIke dina svAti nakSatrake rahate hue rAtrike samaya nirvANako prApta hue| ____ 'zvetAmbarIya ullekhake anusAra kArtika kRSNa amAvasyA ko svAti nakSatrake rahate hue rAtrike pichale paharameM mahAbIra kA nirmANa huaa| isa taraha donoM mAnyatAoMmeM 24 ghaMToMkA athavA eka dina rAta kA antara hai| vIraprabhukA nirvANa honeke pazcAt devatAoMne Akara mokSa kalyANakakA utsava manAyA aura dIpoMkI mAlikA sNjoii| usa samaya usa dIpamAlikAse pAvA nagarIkA samasta AkAza Alokita ho utthaa| kAzI aura kozalake aTThAraha rAjAoM, nau licchaviyoM aura nau malloMne bhI pAvAmeM padhAra kara dIpa mAlikAkA mahotsava manAyA aura kahA; kyoMki kevala jJAnarUpI prakAza Aja asta ho gayA ataH hameM bhautika prakAza karanA caahiye| jaina sAhitya ke ullekhAnusAra bhArata meM kArtika kRSNa amAvasyAke dina prati varSa jo dIpAvalI mahotsava manAyA jAtA 1-'kattiyamAvasi siyamA samAi bhaNiyA jiNiMdANaM / / 310 / / -abhi0 rA0, pR0 2266 / 2-tatastu lokaH prativarSamAdarAt prasiddha dIpAlikayA'tra bhArate / samudyataH pUjayitu jinezvaraM jinendranirvANavibhUtibhaktibhAk / -hari0 pu0 66 sarga zlo0 21

Page #308
bhagavAn mahAvIra 283 hai, vaha mahAvIra bhagavAnke nirvANake upalakSameM hI pracalita huA thaa| mahAvIra nirvANakA samaya mahAvIra bhagavAnke nirvANa samayako lekara purAtattvajJoMmeM bahuta samayase matabheda calA AtA hai| yaha matabheda Adhunika nahIM hai| prAcIna jaina sAhityameM bhI isa viSayako lekara matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| udAharaNake liye prAcIna digambara jaina grantha tiloyapaeNati' meM isa viSayake cAra matoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina cAro matoMmeM vIra nirvANase amuka varSoMke pazcAt zaka rAjAke honekA nirdeza kiyA hai| isI taraha dhavalAkAra' vIrasena 1- 'vIra jiNe siddhigade causada igisaTThivAsa parimANe / kAlammi adikkate uppaNNo ettha sagarAtro // 1496 // ahavA vIre siddha sahassaNavakammi sagasayabbhahie / paNasIdammi atIde paNamAse sagaNizro jAdo / / 1467 // coddasasahassa sagasaya teNa udIvAsakAlavicchede / vIresarasiddhIdo uppaNNo sagaNio ahavA / / 1468 / / NivvANe vIrajiNe chavyAsasadesu paMcavarisesu / paNamAsesu gadesu saMjAdo sagaNizrI ahavA' / / 1466 / / -ti0 pa0, zra0 4 / 2-'paMcayamAsA paMca ya vAsA chacceva hoti vAsasayA / sagakAleNa ya sahiyA yAveyavvo tado rAsI' / / 41 / / gutti payatya-bhayAI coddasa rayaNAi samaikaMtAI / pariNivvude jiNiMde to rajjaM sagaNaridassa // 42 // satta sahassA Navasada paMcANaudI sapaMcamAsA ya / ahakatA vAsANaM jahayA tahayA saguppattI / / 43 / / -SaT khaM0, pu0 9, pR0 132-133 //

Page #309
284 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA svAmIne dhavalAmeM bhI tIna matoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai jinameMse do mata trilokaprajJaptike hI anurUpa hai| tri0pa0 meM datta caturtha mata ke anusAra tathA dhavalA ke prathama matAnusAra vIra nirvANase 605 varSa 5 mAsa pazcAt zaka rAjA huA / zrI jinasenane apane harivaMza purANameM ( zaka samvat 705) tathA zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne (zaka saM0 125 ke lagabhaga) apane trilokasAra' meM isI mata ko sthAna diyA hai jisase spaSTa hai ki unheM yahI mata mAnya thaa| zakakA yaha samaya hI zaka samvatkI pravRttikA kAla hai| isakA samarthana zvetAmbarAcArya merutuMga kI vicAra zreNI meM uddhRta eka prAcIna zlokase hotA hai| usameM batalAyA hai ki mahAvIra nirvANase 605 varSa bAda isa bhAratavarSameM zaka samvatkI pravRtti huii| zaka samvat aura vikrama samvatmeM 135 varSakA antara prasiddha hai| 605 varSameM se 135 varSa ghaTAnese 470 varSa ava 1-varSANAM SaTzatIM tyaktvA paJcAyAM mAsapaJcakam / muktiM gate mahAvIre zakarAjastato'bhavat // 551 // -ha. pu0, sage 60 / 2-paNachassayavassaM paNamAsajudaM gamiya vIraNivvuhado / sagarAjo to kakkI caduNava tiyamahiyasagamAsaM // 850 / / -tri0 saa0| 3-'zrI vIranivRtervarSe SabhiH paJcottaraiH shtaiH| zAkasamvatsarasyaiSA pravRtti bharate'bhavat' / /

Page #310
bhagavAn mahAvIra 285 ziSTa rahate haiN| yahI vIra nirvANake bAda vikrama samvatkI pravRtti kA kAla hai| isa prakAra jaina granthoMke AdhAra para bhAratameM vartamAnameM pracalita vikrama samvatke prArambhase 470 varSa pahale tathA IsvI san se 527 varSa pahale vIra bhagavAn kA nirmANa huA thaa| digambara tathA zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoMke aneka granthoMke AdhAra para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai| parantu prasiddha jaina itihAsajJa sva0 DA0 harmana jekobIne zrI hemacandrAcAryake eka ullekhase prerita hokara pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatmeM zaMkA upasthita kI thI / tatpazcAt jaal| cArapenTiyara nAmaka eka vidvAnane iNDiyana eNTikverIke 43 veM bhAgameM isa viSaya para eka vistRta nibandha likhA thaa| usameM unhoMne DA0 jekobIke matakA samarthana aura sampoSaNa karate hue yaha siddha karanekA prathama prayAsa kiyA thA ki mahAvIrakA nirvANa vikrama samvatse 470 varSa pUrva nahIM kintu 410 varSa pUrva huA thaa| ataH unhoMne yaha sujhAva diyA thA ki paramparAke anusAra jo kAla gaNanA kI jAtI hai usameM se 60 varSa kama kara dene caahiye| jAla cApenTiyara ke mukhya mudde isa prakAra the 1-merutuMgAcArya Adi ne vicArazreNi Adi granthoM meM jo prAcIna gAthAe~ dI haiM unameM nirdiSTa rAjAoM meM koI pArasparika 1-apane lekhake noTameM lekhakane mahAvIra nirvANa para likhe gaye lekhoMkI sUcI isa prakAra dI hai-rAIsa, iM0 eM0 ji0 3, pR0 157 / i. thAmasa, ji0 8, pR0 30 / pAThaka, ji0 12, pR0 21 / aura likhA hai ki jekobIke lekhake pazcAt ye saba lekha svataH radda ho gye|

Page #311
286 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sambandha nahIM hai| isI taraha mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 470 varSa pazcAt jisa vikrama rAjAke honekA ullekha hai, usakA itihAsa meM koI astitva nahIM hai| isaliye una purAnI gAthAoMmeM jisa prakAra kAla gaNanA kI gaI hai tathA jo rAjAoMkA rAjyakAla diyA hai vaha saba nimUla hai| ___ 2-bauddha sAhityase prakaTa hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha donoM samakAlIna the tathA bauddha granthoMke anusAra buddhakA nirvANa IsvI san se 477 varSa pUrva huA thaa| janarala kaniMghama aura mokSamUlarane bhI isa samayako mAnA hai| buddhakI avasthA mRtyu samaya 80 varSakI thii| yadi jaina gAthAoMke anusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa I0 sa0 pUrva 527 varSameM huA hotA to usa samaya buddhakI Ayu kevala 30 varSa honI caahiye| parantu saba koI mAnate haiM ki 36 varSakI umrase pahale buddhako bodhilAbha nahIM huaa| aisI sthitimeM unake anuyAyI usa samaya kahA~se ho sakate haiN| ataH yaha siddha hotA hai ki yadi mahAvIrakA nirvANa jainoMkI mAnyatAke anusAra huA to buddhake sAtha unakI samakAlInatA kaise bana sakatI hai| 3-yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha donoM zreNikake putra ajAtazatruke rAjyakAla meM vartamAna the| aitihAsika ullekhoMke anusAra ajAtazatru buddha ke nirvANase ATha varSa pUrva rAjagaddI para baiThA thA aura usane 32 varSa taka rAjya kiyA thaa| aba yadi ukta jaina gAthAoMke anusAra mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla mAnA jAtA hai to ukta bAta ghaTita nahIM hotii| ataH yA to mahAvIrake nirvANa kAlako aura idhara lAnA cAhiye yA buddhake nirvANasamayako pIche le jAnA cAhie / parantu buddhakA

Page #312
bhagavAn mahAvIra 287 nirvANakAla to ThIka gaNanAke anusAra hai jaba ki mahAvIra kA nirvANa kAla anumAnake AdhAra para kalpita hai / ataH usameM 60 varSa kama karanA caahiye| ___isake pazcAt sva. kAzIprasAda jI jAyasavAlane vihAra ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI ke jarnala meM ( 1615 sitambara) zaizunAka aura mauryakAla gaNanA' zIrSakase eka vidvattApUrNa nibandha likhaa| usake antameM unhoMne mahAvIra aura buddhake nirvANa samayakI bhI vidvattApUrvaka vivecanAkI tathA prAcIna gAthAoM kI gaNanAko sapramANa siddha karake jAla cApenTiyarakI yuktiyoM kA nirasana kiyaa| kintu unhoMne bhI 18 varSakI bhUla batalA kara pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatmeM 18 varSa bar3hAnekA sujhAva diyaa| pracalita kAla gaNanA para prakAza DAlaneke liye yahA~ hama sva0 jAyasavAla jIke muddoM ko bhI de denA ucita samajhate haiN| 1-aMguttara nikAyameM jo yaha ullekha milatA hai ki jaba mahAvIrakA nirvANa pAvAmeM thA taba buddha jIvita the, yaha ullekha pUrNa rUpase mAnane yogya hai| pahale kiye gaye UhApohase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki candragupta mauryake rAjyArohaNase 216 varSa pUrva mahAvIrane nirvANa paayaa| isa prakAra candragupta mahAvIra nirvANase 216 varSa pazcAt aura buddha nirvANa se 218 varSa pazcAt gaddI para baitthaa| isa taraha jainoMkI kAla gaNanAke anusAra candragupta IsvI sanse 326 yA 325 varSa pUrva gahIpara baiThA / isameM candragupta 1-ye mudde hama 'jai0 sA0 saM0, khaM0 1, aM0 4 se sAbhAra uddhRta karate haiM / lekhaka

Page #313
288 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ke rAjyArohaNase pahaleke 218 varSa jor3anese (326+218) IsvI pUrva 544 AtA hai| yahI buddha nirvANakA samaya hai / sIlona, barmA aura syAmakI dantakathAoMke anusAra bhI buddha nirvANakA yahI kAla AtA hai| 2-DA0 hArnale sarasvatI gaccha kI paTTAvalI kI 18vIM gAthA ke AdhAra para vikrama samvatke prArambha kAla 470 varSa pazcAt meM 16 varSa bar3hAte haiN| gAthAkA artha yaha hai ki vikrama 16 varSakI umra taka gaddI para nahIM baiThA arthAt 17veM varSa meM usakA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| isakA yaha tAtparya huA ki mahAbIra nirvANake 487 varSa pazcAt vikrama gaddI para baiThA / isakA pariNAma yaha nikalA ki jainoMne vikrama saMvatke prathama varSa (I0 sa0 pUrva 58-57) ke antameM aura mahAvIra nirvANake pazcAt 470 varSa pUrA honeke bIcameM 18 varSakA antara chor3a diyaa| 3-pradyota ke samayase lekara zaka rAjya aura vikama samvat takakI jaina kAla gaNanA nIce anusAra hai jisa rAtrimeM mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA usI rAtrimeM pAlaka avantIkI gaddI para baitthaa| pAlakake rAjyake 60 varSake pazcAt 1-jaM rayaNi kAla gazro arihA titthaMkaro mahAbIro / taM rayaNi avaMtivaI ahisitto pAlago rAyA // 1 // saTThI pAlagaragaNo paNavaraNa sayaM tu hoi nandANaM / aThasayaM muriyANaM tosa ciya pustamittassa // 2 // balamitta-mANubhittA saTThI varisANi catta nahavahane / taha gaddabhillarajjaM terasa varisA sagassa cau / / 3 // -vicAra zre0 meM uddhRta

Page #314
bIra nirvANa samvat 286 nandoMke rAjyakA kAla 155 varSa batalAyA hai / purANoM ke anusAra nandavardhanase lekara antima nanda paryanta 123 varSa hote haiM / itane varSa taka nandoMne rAjya kiyA / 32 varSa jo adhika haiM (123-32-155 ) ve hameM udAyIke rAjyase pahale athavA dUsare varSake Age lAkara chor3a dete haiM, arthAt pAlaka vaMzakI taraha dhyAna khIMcane lAyaka eka dUsarA kAla udAyIke rAjyArohaNa se prArambha hotA hai| kintu purANoM ke anusAra ajAta zatru ke chaThe varSa (pAlakakA rAjyarohaNa kAla ) aura udAyIke rAjyAbhiSekake bIcameM apaneko 64 varSakA antarAla chor3anA cAhie / jaba ki jaina kAla gaNanAke anusAra pAlakakA rAjya kAla 60 varSa hI hai| isa taraha candraguptake samayameM punaH 4 varSa antara AtA hai| aura isase candragupta mahAvIrake nirvANake 215 athavA 216 varSa pazcAt gaddIpara baitthaa| isa prakAra judI judI tArIkheM AtI haiN| mauryoMke rAjya kAlako do varSasamUhoMmeM vibhAjita kara diyA hai -108 aura 30 / usameM 108 varSa maurya vaMzake haiM aura 30 varSa puSyamitrake haiN| usake pazcAt balamitra bhAnumitrake 60 varSa sammilita kiye haiN| isa gaNanAke anusAra hama mahAvIra nirvANake pazcAt 413 varSa taka pahu~ca jAte haiN| isake pazcAt 40 varSa nahapAnakA rAjya kAla batalAyA hai| usake pazcAt 13 varSa garda bhillake rAjyake haiM aura 4 zaka rAjA ke haiM ina sabakA jor3a 470 hotA hai| yahA~ gAthAoMkI gaNanA samApta ho jAtI hai| vikrama saMvat aura isa gaNanAkA paraspara sambandha milAne se Upara likhe anusAra 18 varSa kA antara AtA hai| hemacandrAcAryake dvArA datta jisa kAla gaNanAko AdhAra mAnakara jekobI tathA cAnTiyarane pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatmeM

Page #315
260 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA 60 varSa ghaTAnekA sujhAva diyA thA, use bhUla bharA batalAte hue jAyasavAlane likhA thA ki hemacandrane apanI kAlagaNanAmeM jo pAlakake 60 varSa chor3a diye haiM yaha unakI eka moTI bhUla hai; kyoMki yadi hama prArambhake 60 varSoMko chor3a dete haiM to candragupta, sthUla bhadra, subAhu aura bhadrabAhukI samakAlInatAmeM virodha AtA hai aura pro0 jekovIne hemacandrakI isa bhUla ko apanI gaNanAkA AdhAra banAyA hai aura aisA karane meM pAlI lekhoMmeM Aye hue azokake bhUlabhare samayakA aura usake Upara bA~dhI gaI nirvANa kAla gaNanA kA unake Upara bahuta prabhAva par3A hai| ___pAlI lekhoMmeM diye hue samayake Upara bA~dhI gaI gaNanAse una lekhoMmeM likhI huI azokake abhiSekakI tArIkha tathA pUrva paramparAse calI AtI huI tArIkhake madhyameM lagabhaga 60 varSakA antara hai / hemacandrAcAryakI bhUlase jaina kAla gaNanAmeM bhI 60 varSa chUTa jAnese ina donoM gaNanAoMkI ekatA ne ukta vidvAnoMke matako bala diyA hai| parantu pradyotakA putra pAlaka, jo ajAtazatrukA samakAlIna thA, mahAvIra nirvANake dina gaddI para baiThA, yaha mAnanA svAbhAvika aura sapramANa hai| hemacandrAcAryake kathanake anusAra mahAvIra nirmANake pazcAt turanta hI nandavaMzakA rAjya zurU huA, yaha mAnyatA ekadama bhUlabharI aura aprAmANika hai'| isa prakAra pracalita nirvANa samvatmeM DA0 yAkobI aura jAla cApenTiyarake dvArA batalAI gaI 60 varSakI bhUlako bhrama pUrNa batalAte hue sva0 jAyasavAlane 18 varSa bar3hAnekI jo sammati dI usakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai

Page #316
vIra nirvANa samvat 261 mahAvIrake nirvANase gardabhilla taka 470 varSakA antara jaina gAthAoMmeM kahA hai, jise digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM mAnate haiN| kintu jainoMke sarasvatI gacchakI paTTAvalImeM vikrama samvat aura vikrama janmameM 18 varSakA antara mAnA hai| yathA'vIrAt 492 vikrama janmAntara varSa 22 rAjyAnta varSa 4' / vikrama viSayaka gAthAkI bhI yahI dhvani hai ki vaha 17veM yA 18veM varSameM siMhAsana para baiThe / isase siddha hai ki 470 varSa jo vIra nirvANase gardabhilla rAjAke rAjyAnta taka mAne jAte haiM ve vikramake janma taka hue (492-02 = 47.) / ataH vikrama janma ( ma0ni0 470 ) meM 18 varSa aura jor3anese nirvANakA varSa vikrama samvatse 588 varSa pUrva nikalatA hai| 18 varSakA pharka gardabhilla aura vikrama samvatke bIca gaNanA chor3a denese utpanna huA mAlUma hotA hai| 'yaha yAda rakhanekI bAta hai ki mahAvIra aura buddha donoM samakAlIna the| bauddhoMke sUtroM meM likhA hai ki jaba buddha zAkya bhUmikI ora jAte the taba unheM sUcanA milI ki pAvAmeM mahAvIrakA nirvANa ho gyaa| bauddha loga laMkA, zyAma, varmA Adi sthAnoMmeM buddha nirvANake Aja (vi0 saM0 1971) 458 varSa bIte mAnate haiN| so pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatmeM 18 varSa jor3a denese yaha milAna khA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra buddhake pahale nirvANako prApta hue| nahIM to, buddha nirvANase mahAvIrakA nirvANa 16-17 varSa pahale siddha hogA, jo prAcIna sUtroMke kathanake viruddha pdd'egaa'| . sva0 jAyasavAlake ukta matakA nirasana paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtArane (anekAnta, varSa 1, ki0 1 meM ) nistArase kiyaa|

Page #317
262 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA . 1--mukhtAra sAhabane aneka granthoMse pramANa dekara yaha pramANita kiyA ki pracalita vikrama sambat vikramako mRtyukA samvat hai jo vIra nirvANase 470 varSa bAda prArambha hotA hai aura isalie vIra nirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramake rAjA honekI jo bAta kahI AtI hai aura usake AdhAra para pracalita vIra nirvANa samvat para jo Apatti kI jAtI hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai / 2-isake sivAya, nandisaMghakI eka paTTAnalImeM tathA vikrama prabandhameM bhI jo yaha likhA hai ki 'jina kAlase ( mahAvIrake nirvANase ) vikrama janma 470 varSake antarako liye hue hai' aura dUsarI paTTAvalImeM jo AcAryoM ke samayakI gaNanA vikramake rAjyArohaNa kAlase ukta janmameM 18 varSakI vRddhi karake dI gaI hai vaha saba ukta zaka kAlako aura usake AdhAra para bane hue vikramakAlako ThAka na samajhanekA pariNAma hai| aisI hAlatameM kucha jaina, ajaina tathA pazcimIya aura pUrvIya vidvAnoMne paTTAvaliyoMko lekara jo pracalita vIra nirvANa samvat para yaha Apatti kI hai ki usakI varSa saMkhyAmeM 18 varSakI kamI hai jise pUrA kiyA jAnA cAhie, vaha samIcIna mAlUma nahIM hotI aura isaliye mAnya kiye jAneke yogya nahIM hai| ___3-sAtha hI zvetAmbara bhAiyoMne jo vIra nirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramakA rAjyAbhiSeka mAnA hai aura jisakI vajahase ... 1-'sattari cadusadajutto jiNakAlA vikkamo havaha jammo / ' 2-'vikkamarajjAraMbhA pa (pu ) ro sirivIranivuI bhaNiyA / sunnaM muNi-veya jutto vikkamakAlAu jiNakAle / ' -vi0 zre,

Page #318
vIra nirvANa samvat 263 pracalita vIra nirvANa samvat meM 18 varSa bar3hAne kI bhI koI jarUrata nahIM rahatI use kyoM na ThIka mAna liyA jAye, isakA koI samAdhAna nahIM hotA / 4 - ' isake sivAya jArla cApeMnTiyarakI yaha Apatti barAbara banI hI rahatI hai ki vIra nirvANase 470 varSake bAda jisa vikrama rAjAkA honA batalAyA jAtA hai usakA itihAsa meM kahIM bhI koI astitva nahIM hai / parantu vikrama samvatko vikramakI mRtyukA samvat mAna lene para yaha Apatti kAyama nahIM rahatI kyoMki jAla cApenTiyarane vIra nirvANase 410 varSake bAda vikrama rAjAkA rAjyArambha honA itihAsa se siddha mAnA hai aura usakA rAjyakAla 60 varSa taka rahA hai / isase pracalita vikrama samvatko usakA mRtyu samvata mAnane se yahI samaya usake rAjyArambhakA AtA hai / mAlUma hotA hai jAla cApeMnTiyara ke sAmane vikrama samvat ke viSayameM vikramakI mRtyukA samvat honekI kalpanA hI upasthita nahIM huI aura isIliye Apane vIra nirvANase 410 varSake bAda hI vikrama samvatkA pracalita honA mAna liyA aura isa bhUla tathA galtI ke AdhAra para hI pracalita vIra nirvANa samvat para yaha Apatti kara DAlI ki usameM 60 varSa bar3he hue haiM isalie use 60 varSa pIche haTAnA cAhiye / isa prakAra mukhtAra sAhabane apane lekha meM eka ora sva0 jAyasavAla ke 18 varSa bar3hAneke sujhAvako aura dUsarI ora jAla cApeMnTiyara ke 60 varSa ghaTAneke sujhAvako sadoSa batalAkara pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatko hI ThIka ThaharAyA / hama pahale likha Ae haiM ki zrI jAyasavAlane jArla cArjenTiyara ke isa sujhAvakA ki pracalita vIra nirvANa samvat meM 60 varSa adhika

Page #319
294 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA haiM, nirasana karate hue hemacandrAcArya ke bhUlabhare ullekhako usakA AdhAra batalAyA thaa| mukhtAra sAhabane bhI jAla sAhabake ukta matako amAnya ThaharAyA kintu unhoMne hemacandrAcAryake kathanako bhUla bharA na batalAkara yaha spaSTa kiyA ki jAyasavAla sAhabako hI use samajhane meM bhUla huI hai| usakA spaSTIkaraNa noce diyA jAtA hai-- . merutuMgakI vicAra zreNI meM jo kAla gaNanA dI hai vaha hama pIche de Aye haiM usameM mahAvIra nirvANase 60 varSa taka pAlaka, 155. varSa nanda, 108 varSa maurya, 30 varSa puSpamitra, 60 varSa valamitra, bhAnumitra, 40 varSa nabhovAhana, 13 varSa gardabhilla tathA 4 varSa taka zakoMkA rAjya kramazaH batalAyA hai jisakA jor3a 470 varSa hotA hai| zvetAmbaroMmeM yahI kAla gaNanA mAnI jAtI hai| parantu zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra ke 'pariziSTa parva' se jJAta hotA hai ki ujjayinIke rAjA pAlaka kA jo 60 varSa samaya Upara batalAyA hai usI samaya magadhake siMhAsana para zreNikakA putra kuNika ( ajAtazatru ) aura kuNikake putra udAyIkA rAjya kramazaH rahA hai / udApIke nissantAna mara jAne para usakA rAjya nandako milA / isIse pariziSTa parvameM zrI mahAvIra svAmIke nirvANase 60 varSa bAda nanda rAjAkA honA likhA' hai| isake pazcAt mauryavaMzake prathama samrATa candraguptakA rAjyArambha batalAte hue vaha zloka' diyA hai jise jArla cApenTiyarane apane nirvANakA 1-adantaraM vardhamAna svAmi nirvANa vAsarAt / gatAryA SaSThivatsaryAmeSa nando'bhavannRpaH / / 6-243 / / 2-evaM zrI mahAvIra muktevarSazate gate / paMcapaMcAzadadhike candraguptA'bhavannRpaH / / 8-336 / /

Page #320
vIra nirvANa samvat 265 mukhya AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| usameM batAyA hai ki mahAvIra nirvANa se 155 varSe bAda candragupta rAjA huaa| vicAra zreNikI gAthAmeM 155 varSakA samaya kevala nandoMkA batalAyA hai aura usameM 60 varSa pahale pAlakakA samaya diyA hai| ataH usake anusAra candraguptakA rAjyarohaNakAla vIra nirvANa se 215 varSa bAda hotA hai| parantu hemacandrane 155 varSa bAda batalAyA hai / ataH 60 varSakA antara par3atA hai| ___ isa antarako spaSTa karate hue mukhtAra sA0 ne likhA hai ki hemacandrane 60 varSakI yaha kamI nandoMke rAjyakAlameM kI hai, unakA rAjyakAla 65 varSa batalAyA hai, kyoMki nandoMse pahale unake aura vIra nirvANake bIcameM 60 varSakA samaya unhoMne kuNika zrAdi rAjAoMkA mAnA hI hai| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki pahale se vIranirvANake bAda 155 varSake bhItara nandoMkA honA mAnA jAtA thA, parantu usakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM thA ki vIranirvANake ThIka bAda nandoMkA rAjya prArambha huaa| balki usase pahale udAyI tathA kuNikakA rAjya bhI usameM zAmila thaa| parantu pIchese 155 varSakI gaNanA akele nandoMke lie rUr3ha ho gaI aura udhara pAlaka rAjAke abhiSikta honekI ghaTanA usake sAtha jur3a / jAnese kAla gaNanAmeM 60 varSakI vRddhi huI aura usake phalasvarUpa vIra nirvANase 470 barSa bAda vikramakA rAjyAbhiSeka mAnA jAne lagA / hemacandrAcAryane do zlokoMse ukta bhUlakA sudhAra kara diyaa| candraguptake rAjyArohaNa samayakI varNa saMkhyA 155 meM Ageke -55 varSa ( 108+30+ 60+13+4 = 255 ) jor3a denese 410 hote haiN| yahI vIra nirvANase vikramakA rAjyArohaNa kAla hai| parantu mahAvIra nirvANa aura rAjyArohaNa kAla 410 meM rAjyakAla ke 60

Page #321
266 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA varSa bhI sammilita kara liye jaaveN| aisA kie jAne para vikrama saMvat vikrama mRtyukA saMvat ho jAtA hai aura phira sArA jhagar3A miTa jAtA hai| anekA0, varSa 1, ki0 1, pR0 21-22) / isa taraha mukhtAra sAhabane jaina kAla gaNanAke AdhAra para pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatko hI ThIka pramANita kiyA / tatpazcAt muni kalyANa vijaya jIne bhI vIra nirvANa sambat aura jainakAla gaNanA zIrSaka eka mahatvapUrNa nibandha likhakara pracalita vIra nirmANa sambatko hI ThIka pramANita kiyA thaa| san 1941 meM maisUra rAjyake aAsthAna vidvAn paM0 e0 zAnti rAja' jI zAstrIne pracalita vIra nirmANa samvat para Apatti kii| ApakI ApattikA mukhya AdhAra thA trilokasArakI gAthA 850, jisameM vIra nirmANase 605 varSa 5 mAsa bAda zakarAjAkI utpatti batalAI hai| paM0 jIkA kahanA thA ki ukta gAthAmeM prayukta hue 'sagarAjo'-zakarAjaHzabdakA artha purAtana vidvAnoM dvArA vikrama grahaNa kiyA gayA hai ataeva vahI artha grAhya hai| apane isa kathanake pramANameM Apane trilokasArakI mAdhavacandra kRta saMskRta TIkAko upasthita kiyA thaa| usameM TIkAkArane zaka rAjakA artha vikramAMka (-mArka ) zakarAja kiyA hai| ataH zAstrI jIne vikrama samvat 605 varSa pUrva vIrakA nivANa mAnanekA salAha dI thii| kintu TIkAkArane yadi 'bhramavaza' zakakA artha vikrama zaka kara diyA ho to use kisI nirNayakA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| anya kisI bhI granthakArane ukta zaka kAlako vikramakA kAla nahIM mAnA / trilokasArake pUrvavartI dhanAlA TIkAmeM vIrasena svAmI 1-anekAnta, varSa 4, pR0 556 /

Page #322
vIra nirvANa samvat 267 ne spaSTa likhA hai ki 683 varSameM se 57 varSa 7 mAsa kama karane para pA~ca mAsa adhika 605 varSa hote haiN| vaha vIra jinendra ke nirvANa prApta honeke dina se lekara zakakAlake prArambha hone takakA kAla hai / isa kAla meM zaka narendrakA kAla jor3a dene para vardhamAna jinake mukta honekA kAla AtA hai / apane isa kathana ke samarthana meM vIrasena svAmIne eka prAcIna gAthA' bhI uddhRta kI hai| usakA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai ki zakakAla meM 605 varSa 5 mAsa jor3a dene se vIrajanendrakA nirvANakAla A jAtA hai / tiloya pa0 aura harivaMza purANameM bhI mahAvIra nirvANa aura zakarAjAkA antarakAla 605 varSa 5 mAsa batalAte hue zakako 'vikramArka' nahIM khaa| ataH ukta gAthAmeM Agata zakarAja zabdase vikrama saMvatakA nirdeza nahIM liyA jA sakatA iNDi0 e0 ji0 12 meM sva0 ke0 bI0 pAThakane bhI vIranirvANa samvat sambandhI apane lekhameM trilokasArakI TIkAkI bhUlakI carcA kI thI aura TIkAkAroMke dvArA bhUla kiye jAneke eka do udAharaNa bhI diye the | Apane likhA thA- 'trilokasAra meM - 'paNa chassayabassa paNamAsa judaM gamiya vIraNivvuido / sagarAjo / ' ke TIkAkAra mAghavacandra ne zaka rAjAkA artha 'vikramAGka zakarAja' kiyA / mUla grantha meM isa taraha kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| dezI TIkAkAroMse isa taraha kI bhUleM huI hai / udAharaNake lie -- mAghanandi zrAvakAcArI prazastiko rakhA jA sakatA hai| isakI prazasti meM batalAyA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 1780 meM pradhAbI saMvatsarameM jyeSTha hoti vAsasayA / 1 - 'paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA chacceva sagakAle ya sahiyA thAveyavtro tado rAsI // 41 Jain Educationa International - SaTa khaM0, pu0 6, pR0 132 / For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #323
268 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA zuklApaMcamIke dina yaha grantha pUjA ke liye sthApita kiyA gayA / usameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki vIranirvANa ke 605 varSa bItane para zaka rAjA huaa| ataH 1780 meM se 605 varSa ghaTAne para 1175 zeSa bacate haiN| pradhAvI saMvatsara zakasaM0 1175 meM hI par3atA hai| ataH pradhAvI saMgatsara meM-zaka saM0 1175 meM vIranirvANako hue 1780 varSa bIte the| ataH zaka sambatse 605 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa huA yaha siddha hai| kintu prazastikI kanar3I TokAmeM vIranirvANase 683 varSa takakI prAcArya paramparA batalAkara likhA hai -'AcArAMga pAThI AcAryoMse lekara pradhAvI saMvatsarakI jeSTha zuklA paMcamI taka-jaba grantha pUjA ke lie sthApita kiyA gayA-5067 varSa hue / ataH 1067+ 683 jor3anese 1780 hote haiN| Age likhA hai ki vIra svAmI kA nirvANa samvat 16220 pravartita hai| aura yaha bhI likhA hai ki vIra jinake mokSase 605 varSa 5 mAsa bAda zaka rAjA huaa| ___yahA~ galtI huI hai aura vaha yaha huI hai ki bIra prabhuke tIrtha kAla 21000 meMse 1780 ko ghaTAkara zeSa 16220 ko nirmANa kAla mAna liyA hai / ataH aisI bhUloMke AdhAra para aitihAsika nirNaya nahIM kie jA skte|| . mAghanandi zrAvakAcArakI prazastike ukta ullekhase yaha bhI pramANita hotA hai ki lagabhaga sAta sau varSoM pUrva zaka samvatse 605 varSa pUrva hI vIra nivANa sambat mAnA jAtA thaa| ataH pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatkI mAnyatAke pIche sAta sau varSoM kI paramparAkA ullekha bhI usakI prAmANikatAkI hI puSTi karatA hai| aba bhagavAna mahAvIrake samakAlIna vyaktiyoM tathA katipaya anya saMkalanAoMkI dRSTise pracalita vIra nirvANa samvat para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai|

Page #324
266 vIra nirvANa samvat samakAlIna vyakti jaina tathA bauddha ullekhoM ke anusAra mahAtmA buddha, AjIvika sampradAyake saMsthApaka makkhali gozAla, vaizAlI nareza ceTaka / magadharAjA zreNika yA bimbasAra aura zroNika putra abhaya aura kuNika yA ajAtazatru, ye itihAsaprasiddha vyakti bhagavAn mahAbIrake samakAlIna the| unake sambandhameM jaina ullekhoM se nIce likhe tathya prakAza meM Ate haiM licchavi gaNa taMtrake pramukha ceTakarAjakI sabase bar3I putrI kI kukSise mahAbIra kA janma huA thA aura sabase choTI putrI celanA rAjA zreNikakI paTarAnI aura kuNikakI jananI thii| __ jaina granthakAroMke dvArA nibaddha zreNika caritake anusAra zreNikake pitAne zreNikako apane rAjyase nikAla diyA thaa| mArgameM eka brAhmaNakA sAtha hogyaa| usakI buddhimatI putrIse zreNikane vivAha kiyaa| usase abhayakumAra nAmaka putra huaa| pitAkI mRtyu ho jAneke pazcAt zreNikako magadhakA rAjya milA, aura bar3A hone para abhayakumAra rAjamaMtrI huaa| abhaya kumArake maMtritvakAlameM rAjA zreNika ceTakakI sabase choTI putrI celanA para Asakta ho gaye aura ceTakase usakI yAcanA kii| ceTakake dvArA asvIkRta kiye jAne para abhayakumAra ne chalase celanA kA haraNa karake zreNikake sAtha usakA vivAha karA diyaa| usa samaya rAjA zreNika jainetara dharmAvalambI the aura 1-vR0 ka0 ko, kathA 55 .

Page #325
300 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA celanA jaina thI / celanAke prayatnase hI rAjA zreNikane jaina dhama dhAraNa kiyA aura bhagavAna mahAbIra kI upadeza sabhA kA pradhAna zrotA bnaa| jaba lagabhaga 42 varSakI avasthAmeM mahAbIra bhagavAnako kevala jJAna prApta huA aura rAjagaddIke bAhara sthita vipulAcala para unakA padArpaNa huA usa samaya rAja gRhImeM rAjA zreNika celanAke sAtha nivAsa karate the| hariSeNane apane kathA kozameM zreNikakI kathAke antameM likhA hai ki jaba caturtha kAlameM tIna varSa, ATha mAsa aura solaha dina zeSa rahe taba mahAbIra bhagavAnakA nirvANa huA tathA paMcama kAlake itane hI dina bItane para rAjA zroNika kI mRtyu huii| arthAt bhagavAna mahAbIrake nirvANase sAta varSa pA~ca mAsa pazcAt zreNikakI mRtyu huI / kintu jaina aura bauddha ullekhoMse isakA samarthana nahIM hotaa| yaha sarvavidita hai ki kuNikane bar3A hone para apane pitA zreNikako kArAgArameM DAla diyA thA aura 1-"kattha kahiyaM ? seNiyarAe sacelaNe mahAmaMDalie sayalabasuhA maMDala bhujaMte" / ja0 dha0, bhA0 1, pR0 73 2-kintu aba sabhI aitihAsika ajAta zatru (kuNika) para lagAye gaye isa ilajAma ko jhUThA mAnate haiM / vaha kaI aMzoMmeM buddha ke pratidvandI devadattako sahArA detA thA isI kAraNa usa para yaha iljAma lagAyA hogA aisA unakA kahanA hai / bhA0 i0 rU0 pR0 463 / vR0 ka0 ko0 meM hariSeNane bhI isa ghaTanA kI carcA nahIM kI hai|

Page #326
vIra nirvANa samvat 301 vahIM usakI mRtyu huii| zreNikakI mRtyuke pazcAt kuNikako bar3A pazcAttApa huA aura vaha cittakI zAntike liye mahAbIra aura buddha ke pAsa gayA / zvetA0 jaina sUtroM meM mahAbIra bhagavAnake sAtha zreNikaviSayaka jitane prasaMga Aye haiM, unase adhika prasaMga kuNika sambandhI milate haiN| uname yaha bhI likhA hai ki zreNikakI mRtyuke pazcAt kuNika aura usake bhAI halla villakA Apasa meM jhagar3A huA / halla vihalla apane nAnA ceTaka ke pAsa cale gaye / kuNikane ceTakapara AkramaNa kara diyA aura vaizAlIko barabAda kara diyA / aba gozAlakako lIjiye / bhagavatI sUtrake 15 veM zataka meM usakA varNana vistArase diyA hai| usake anusAra jaba gozAlakane kruddha hokara mahAbIra bhagavAna para apanI tejolezyA kA prayoga kiyA aura kahA ki tU cha mAsameM mara jAyegA, taba mahAbIrane usase kahA- gozAla; maiM abhI 16 varSa taka isa pRthvIpara bihAra karUMgA / aura tU apanI tejo lezyAse svayaM hI jalakara sAtaveM dina mara jAyegA / arthAt gozAlakakI mRtyuse 16 varSa bAda taka bhagavAna mahAbIra jIvita rahe / marane se pUrva gozAlaka apane ziSyoM ko kucha bAteM batalAI jinameM mukhya 'ATha carima' haiM / una ATha carimoM meM eka 'mahAzilA kaMTaka' yuddha bhI hai| ajAtazatrukA ceTakake sAtha jo yuddha huA thA use hI 'mahAzilA kaNTaka' yuddha kahA hai / ataH gozAlakakI mRtyuse pahale yaha yuddha ho cukA thA ! yaha to huA jainagranthoMse prApta bhagavAna mahAbIra ke samakAlIna itihAsaprasiddha vyaktiyoMkA vivaraNa / aba bauddha sAhityako lIjiye /

Page #327
302 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ____ jaina granthoM meM mahAbIrake samakAlIna vyakti ke rUpameM buddhakA saMketa taka bhI nahIM miltaa| kintu bauddha tripiTakoMmeM nigaMTha nATaputta-nirgrantha jJAtR putrakA nirdeza tathA eka prabala pratidvandI ke rUpameM vivaraNa bahutAyatase milatA hai| jaisA ki hama pahale bhI likha Aye haiM / ataH usase yaha spaSTa hai, ki donoM vyakti samakAlIna the| ___ isI taraha magadha rAja bimbasAra (zreNika ) aura usakA putra ajAtazatru ( kuNika ) bhI buddhake samakAlIna the| buddhacaryA (pR0413) meM likhA hai ki buddha pravRjita honeke pazcAt rAjagRhImeM Aye / vimvasArane unase vahA~ ThaharanekI prArthanA ko kintu buddhane kahA maiM satyakI khojameM huuN| tathA vimbasArane unase prArthanA kI ki bodhilAbha hone para rAjagRhI pdhaarnaa| tadanusAra jaba buddhako bodhilAbha ho gayA to ve rAjagRhI Aye aura vimbasAra unakA upAsaka bana gyaa| arthAt jaba buddhane ghara chor3A taba rAjagRhIke siMhAsana para zreNika AsIna thaa| buddhake jIvana kAla meM hI zreNikakI mRtyu huI aura ajAta zatruke rAjyake AThaveM varSameM buddhakA nirvANa huaa| aba hama pracalita vIra nirvANa sambatko sAmane rakhakara ukta samakAlIna vyaktiyoMke ukta ghaTanA kramapara vicAra kreNge| pAThaka jAnate haiM ki san 1656 kI baisAkhI pUrNimAko vizva bharameM mahAtmA buddhakI 2500 vI nirvANa jayantI manAI gaI thii| tadanusAra ( 250-1656 = 544 ) buddhakA nirvANa IsvI pUrva 544 meM huA thaa| siMhala Adi bauddha dezoMmeM buddhake nirvANa kA yahI kAla mAnA jAtA hai| jaise jaina paramparAmeM mahAvIrakA

Page #328
vIra nirvANa samvat nirvANa IsvI pUrva 527 meM mAnA jAtA hai vaise hI ukta baudhda dezoMmeM budghakA nirvANa IsvI pUrva 544 meM mAnA jAtA hai / aura jaise mahAvIra nirvANake pracalita kAlako lekara vidvAnoMmeM matabheda calA AtA hai, vaise hI pracalita ukta buddha nirvANake kAla ko lekara vidvAnoMmeM usase bhI adhika matabheda calA AtA hai| kintu jAyasavAlane bauddha anuzrutike pratyeka golamAlako sulajhA kara 544 I0 pUrva meM buddha nirvANakI sthApanA kI thI ( ja0 rA0 ai0 so0, ji0 1, pR0 67 aadi)| ataH hama paramparAse pracalita ukta donoM nirbANakAloMko hI sAmane rakhakara ukta samakAlIna vyaktiyoMke ghaTanA kramapara vicAra kreNge| buddha kI Ayu 80 varSa thI aura mahAvIrakI Ayu 72 varSa ke karIba thii| cUki buddhakA nirvANa IsvI pUrva 544 meM huA ataH unakA janma Isbo pUrva 624 meM honA cAhie / tathA cUki mahAvIrakA nirvANa IsvI pUrva 527 meM huA ataH unakA janma IsvI pUrva 566 meM honA caahie| isa taraha buddhase mahAbIra karIba 25 varSa choTe Thaharate hai| buddhane karIba 26 varSakI avasthAmeM ghara chor3A aura lagabhaga 36 varSakI avasthAmeM unheM bodhi lAbha huaa| mahAvIrane 30 varSakI avasthAmeM ghara chor3A aura lagabhaga bayAlIsa varSakI avasthAmeM unheM kevala jJAna huaa| arthAt pracalita nirvANakAlake anusAra buddhako 588 IsvI pUrva meM bodhilAbha huA aura mahAbIrako 557 IsvI pUrva meM bodhilAbha huaa| isa taraha bodhilAbhake pazcAta ve donoM mahApuruSa lagabhaga 12-13 varSa taka apane apane dharmake zAstAke rUpameM pratispardhI ke rUpameM sAtha sAtha vicaraNa karate rhe| bauddha pAli sAhityameM nigrantha jJAta putrake sambandhameM jo ullekha milate haiM, 12 varSake

Page #329
304 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sudIrghakAlameM unakA ghaTita honA jarA bhI asaMbhava nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ___ hA~, jaba mahAvIra apane dharma pracArake kSetrameM avatarita hue taba buddha vRddha ho cuke the jaba ki mahAvIra prauDhavayameM padArpaNa kara cuke the aura isalie svabhAvataH unameM kAryakSamatA adhika thii| bauddha pAli sAhityameM mahAvIrakA hI prabala pratidvandIke rUpa meM adhika nirdeza milanekA yaha bhI eka kAraNa ho sakatA hai| aba ina mahApuruSoMke ukta kAlakI saMgatiko anya samakAlIna vyaktiyoMke sAtha bhI milAkara dekha lenA caahiye| bauddha pAlI sAhityameM buddhake virodhI chai zAstAoMmeM makkhali gozAlakA nAma bhI AtA hai, jo mahAvIrakA bhI samakAlIna thaa| bhagavatI sUtrake anusAra gozAlakane mahAvIrake jina honese do varSa pUrva hI apaneko 'jina' ghoSita kara diyA thA aura mahAvIrake nirvANase 16 varSa pUrva usakI matyu huii| cU~ki mahAvIrako jinatvakI prApti IsvI pUrva 557 meM huI, ataH gozAlaka IsvI pUrva 556 meM 'jina' huA aura IsvI pUrva 543 meM usakI matyu huii| arthAta buddhase eka varSa pazcAt usakA maraNa huaa| isa taraha 'jina' honeke pazcAta gozAlaka bhI 15 varSa taka pratidvaMdI ke rUpameM buddhake samakAlameM vicaraNa karatA rhaa| ataH usake kAlakI saMgati bhI ThIka baiTha jAtI hai| aba rAjA zreNika aura tatputra ajAtazatruko liijiye| cU~ ki buddhakA nirvANa I0 pUrva 544 meM huA aura usase 8 varSa pUrva ajAtazatru magadhake rAjyAsana para baitthaa| ataH 552 I0 pUrnameM

Page #330
vIra nirvANa samvat 305 ajAtazatru' gaddI para baiThA aura lagabhaga isI samaya zreNikakI mRtyu huii| cU~ki bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevalajJAna I0 pUrva 557 meM huA ataH zreNika kevala 4-5 varSa taka hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoMse lAbhAnvita ho sakA / I0 pUrva 552 meM rAjyAsana para baiThate samaya ajAtazatrukI Ayu 23 varSa avazya honI cAhiye; kyoMki itanI avasthA hue binA pitAko kArAgArameM DAla kara rAjyAsanapara baiThaneko himmata nahIM ho sakatI / ataH ajAtazatrukA janma I0 pUrva 575 meM honA cAhie / aura usase kamase kama eka varSa pUrNa celana ke sAtha rAjA zreNikakA vivAha honA cAhie / rAjA zreNikake sAtha celanAkA vivAha karAne meM zreNikaputra abhayakumArakA hAtha thA aura vaha usa samaya magadhakA pradhAna maMtrI thA / ataH usa samaya usakI Ayu kamase kama lagabhaga 24 varSa to avazya honI cAhie / ataH kahanA hogA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra aura zreNikaputra abhayakumAra lagabhaga samavasaka the / ataH yadi IsvI pUrva 600 ke lagabhaga abhayakumArane janma liyA ho to usa samaya zreNikakI Ayu 18 - 16 varSakI avazya 1 - dIghanikAya ( sAmaJjaphalasutta ) meM ajAtazatrukI bhagavAna mahAvIra se bheMTa hone ke samaya mahAvIrako 'zraddhagato vayo'- ardhagatatraya likhA hai / zrajAtazatru pitAkI mRtyuke pazcAt hI bheMTake liye gayA thA / ataH yadi vaha 552 I0 rAjyAsanapara baiThA aura usake pazcAt mahAvIra svAmIke pAsa gayA to usa samaya mahAbIra svAmIkI zravasthA 51-52 ke lagabhaga honA cAhiye / ataH dIghanikAya ke isa ullekhakI saMgati bhI ukta kAla nirNayake prakAza meM ThIka baiThatI hai / pUrva meM 20

Page #331
306 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA honI cAhie / aura isa taraha zreNikakA janma IsvI sanase 616 varSa pUrva honA caahiye| mahAvaMzameM likhA hai- 'bimbasAra aura yuvarAja siddhArtha ( buddha ) parasparameM mitra the| una donoMkI taraha unake pitA bhI parasparameM mitra the| buddha bimbasArase 5 varSa bar3e the / jaba buddha 26 varSake the, unhoMne graha tyAga kiyaa| 6 varSake pazcAt bodhilAbha karane para 35 varSakI avasthAmeM buddha bimbasArase mile| bimbasAra 15 varSakI avasthAmeM rAjyAsana para baiThe / jaba bimbasArako rAjya karate hue 15 varSa bIta gaye to buddhane apanA dharma pravartana prArambha kiyaa| bimbasArane 52 varSa rAjya kiyA15 varSa buddhako bodhilAbha honese pUrva aura 37 varSa pazcAt" / jaina ghaTanAoMke AdhAra para anumAnita hamAre ukta kAla nirNayake sAtha mahAvaMzakA ukta kathana bhI bahuta aMzoMmeM mila jAtA hai| buddhakA nirbANa 544 I0 pUrvameM mAnanepara buddhakA janma usase 80 barSa pUrva 624 I0 pUrva meM honA cAhie aura cU~ ki zreNika unase 5 varSa choTe the, ataH zreNikakA janma 616 I0 pUrvameM honA cAhie, jaisAki hamane Upara batalAyA hai / cUki buddhakA nirvANa 544 I0 pUrva meM huA aura ajAtazatru usase 80 varSa pUrva magadhake rAja siMhAsana para baiThA / ataH zroNikane I0 pUrNa 552 taka rAjya kiyaa| mahAvazake anusAra zreNika 15 varSakI abasthAmeM rAjA huA aura 52 barSa usane rAjya kiyaa| isa kathanameM aura zreNika sambandhI hamArI ukta kAla gaNanAmeM kevala 4 varSakA antara par3atA hai| yadi zreNikakA janma I0 pUrva 616 ke sthAnameM ImbI pUrva 65 mAna liyA jAye to 15 barSako avasthAmeM usakA rAjyAsana para baiThanA aura 52

Page #332
vIra nirvANa samvat 307 varSa taka rAjya karanA akSarazaH pramANita ho jAtA hai aura usase jaina zAstroMmeM varNita ghaTanAoMkI saMgatimeM bhI koI antara nahIM aataa| kintu aisA karanese eka to buddha aura zreNikake bIcameM mahAbaMzameM jo 5 barSakA antara batalAyA hai usameM 5 barSakI. vRddhi ho jAtI hai| dUsare jaina granthoMmeM abhayakumArakI utpatti ke pazcAt hI zreNikako magadhake rAjyAsanakA svAmI honA batalAyA hai| ataH 15 barSako umrase pahale deza nikAlA, vivAha, putrotpatti Adi ghaTanAoMkA ghaTanA susaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA / usameM cAra barNakI vRddhi karanese eka ora mahAvaMzakA yaha kathana ki buddhase bimbasAra pA~ca barSa choTe the, aura dUsarI ora jaina granthoM meM varNita zreNikake bAla-jIvanakI ghaTanAeM susaMgata baiTha jAtI haiN| ataH jainoMmeM paramparAse pracalita bIra nirvANa kAlako aura bauddhoMmeM paramparAse pracalita buddha nirvANa kAlako hI ThIka mAna kara calanese buddha, mahAvIra, gozAlaka, zreNika, abhayakumAra aura ajAtazatra AdikI samakAlInatA tathA jaina aura bauddha granthoM meM varNita ghaTanAoMkI saMgati ThIka baiTha jAtI hai| ukta ghaTanAoMke prakAzameM nirdhArita ukta kAla kramakI tAlikA nIce dI jAtI hai| sAthameM tulanAke liye bhI kA0 pra. jAyasavAla aura muni kalyANa vijaya jIke mata bhI diye jaate| nAma janma bodhilAbha nirvANa jAyasavAla muni kalyANavijaya mahAbIra 56 557 527 mahA0ni0 mahA0ni0 I0 pU. I0 pU0 I0 pU0 545 I0pU0 528 I0 pU0 buddha 6.4 588 544 bu0ni0 bu0 ni0 I0 pU0 I0 pU0 I0 pU0 544 I0pU0 544 I0pU0

Page #333
308 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA nAma janma bodhilAbha nirvANa jAyasavAla muni kalyANavijaya gozAlaka x 596 543 I0 pU0 I0 pU0 zreNika 616 rAjagaddI 552 601-552 601-552 I0 pU0 600 I0 pU0 I0 pU0 I0 pU0 I0 pU0 rAjyakAla abhayakumAra 600 I0 pU0 ajAtazatru 575 552 20 552-518 552-518 I0 pU0 I0 pU0 I0 pU0 rAjyakAla ukta saMgatike sAtha jo eka bar3I visaMgati sAmane AtI hai vaha hai bauddha pAli sAhityameM buddhake jIvanakAlameM mahAvIrakA pAvAmeM nirvANa honekA ullekha / majjhimanikAyake sAmagAmasutta (pR0 441 ) meM likhA hai 'eka samaya bhagavAn zAkya dezameM sAmagAmameM bihAra karate the| usa samaya nigaMTha nATaputta abhI abhI pAvAmeM mare the| unake marane para nigaMTha loga do bhAga ho bhaMDana kalaha vivAda karate eka dUsareko mukharUpI zaktise chedate biharate the."Adi / ' ma0ni0 ke upAlisuttameM (pRSTha 222 meM likhA hai ki upAli nAtaputtakA anuyAyI thaa| vaha buddhake sAtha vAda karaneke liye gyaa| kintu usakA pariNAma ulTA hI huA, buddhane use apanA ziSya banA liyaa| usake pazcAt upAline apane ghara jAkara dvArapAlako yaha Adeza de diyA ki nigranthoMko andara nahIM Ane denaa| pIche jaba mahAbIra bhagavAna apanI ziSya maNDalIke sAtha upAlike ghara gaye to upAlike mukhase buddhakI prazaMsA sunakara vaha

Page #334
vIra nirvANa samvat 306 use saha na sake aura unake mukhase garma lohu nikala par3A arthAt mu~hase raktakA vamana huaa| bauddha pAli sAhityameM varNita isa ghaTanAke Upara katipaya bidvAnoMne bahuta jora diyA hai| aura unhoMne isa ghaTanAko maraNa sambandhI ukta ghaTanAke sAtha jor3akara yaha kalpanA kI hai ki upAlI vAlI ghaTanAke kucha hI samaya pazcAt pAvAmeM mahAbIrakA maraNa ho gyaa| kintu jAle cAnTiyara Adine isa bAtako svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| usake kAraNa nimna prakAra haiM-jaina ullekhoMke anusAra jisa pAvAmeM mahAvIra bhagavAnakA nirvANa huA thA vaha pAvA paTanA jilemeM nAlandAke pAsa hai| kintu bauddha sAhityameM jisa pAvAkA nirdeza hai vaha zAkya bhUmimeM hai kyoMki usa samaya buddha zAkya dezake sAmagAmameM sthita the aura cunda pAvAse calakara sAmagAma AyA thaa| ataH ukta nirdeza prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| DA0 jekAbIne bhI (se0 bu0 I0 ji0 45, pR0 16) yahI bAta likhI hai aura use prAmANika nahIM mAnA hai| isake sivAya mahAbIrake nirvANake pazcAt hI jo unake anuyAyI nigranthoM meM lar3AI jhagar3A honekA ullekha kiyA hai usakA bhI samarthana kisI jaina srotase nahIM hotaa| sama ta di0 zve. jaina 1-jAla cApenTiyarane mahAvIrake samayanirNaya sambandhI apane lekha meM ( iM0 e0 ji0 43 ) ukta carcA karate hue likhA hai ki speMsa hArDIne 'mainyuala zrApha buddhijma' meM tathA vIganDeTane ( se0 bu0 I. ji0 13, pR. 256 ) likhA hai ki upAli ke virodha ke kAraNa mahAbIrakA maraNa huaa| rAhula jIne ma0 ni0 ke apane anuvAda ke TippaNa meM bhI ( 441 pR0, Ti0 2) yahI bAta likhI hai|

Page #335
jai0 sA. i0-pUrva pIThikA sAhityameM mahAvIra nirvANase bhadrabAhu svAmI paryaMta 160 varSake antarAla meM isa prakArake kisI vivAdakA saMketa taka nahIM hai| buddhake nirvANase 500 varSa pazcAt IsAkI prathama zatAbdImeM tatkAlIna bauddha bhikSuoMkI smRtike AdhArapara upalabdha tripiTaka granthoMko laMkAmeM lipibaddha kiyA gayA thaa| usa samayataka jaina dharmameM digambara zvetAmbara bheda utpanna ho cukA thaa| tathA pAvAmeM bhagavAna mahAbIrakA nirvANa honekI bAta to sarvavizruta thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tripiTakoMke saMkalayitAoMne ina ghaTanAoMko samakAlIna samajhakara ekatra nibaddha kara diyA, tathA unhoMne pAvAko vahI pAvA samajha liyA jisase ve vizeSa rUpase paricita the| ataH bauddha granthoMke isa ullekhake AdhAra para pracalita nivANa samvatko galata pramANita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___ yadi tripiTakoMke ullekhoMkA tulanAtmaka rUpase parizIlana kiyA jAye to unameM paraspara viruddhatA mila sakatI hai / yahA~ hama kevala do ullekhoMko udAharaNake rUpameM upasthita karate haiN| saMyutta nikAyake jaTila' suttameM likhA hai ki eka bAra kausalAdhipati prasenajitne buddhase bheTa kI aura unake praznake uttarameM buddhane kahA ki 'anuttara samyaka saMbodhiko jAna liyA' aisA mere viSayameM hI kahanA ucita hai / taba prasena jitne kahA 'he gautama ! vaha jo zramaNa brAhmaNa saMgha ke adhipati, gaNAdhipati, gaNake AcArya, jJAta yazasvI, tIrthaGkara, bahuta janoM dvArA sAdhu sammata haiM-jaise pUrNakAzyapa, makkhalI gozAlaka, niggaMTha nATaputta, saMjaya velaDhiputta, prakruddha kAtyAyana, ajitakeza kmblii| buddha ca0, pR0, 66,

Page #336
vIra nirvANa samvat vaha bhI pUchane para yaha dAvA nahIM krte| phira janmase alpavayaska aura pravrajyAmeM naye Apa gautamake liye to kahanA hI kyA hai ? ___ isa kathanase to yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki buddha anya saba vipakSI zAstAoMse laghu.vayaska the| kintu dIgha nikAyake 'sAmaJjaphala mutta meM ajAtazatruse bheMTake samaya mahAvIrako 'zraddhagato vayo' likhA hai| arthAt ajAtazatruke rAjyArambhake samaya mahAvIra lagabhaga pacAsa varSake the| yaha kathana pracalita nirvANa samvatke AdhAra para Upara nirdhArita kAlakramake to anukUla hai kyoMki usake anusAra I0 pU0 552 ke lagabhaga ajAtazatru rAjA huA, aura usa samaya mahAvIra bhagavAnakI Ayu 47 varSakI thii| usake pazcAta hI ajAtazatru pitAkI mRtyuke santApakA zamana karaneke liye vibhinna zAstAoMke pAsa gayA thA / kintu jaTilasuttake ukta kathanake sAtha usakI saMgati nahIM baiThato, kyoMki buddhakA nirvANa ajAtazatruke rAjyake AThaveM varSameM huA mAnA jAtA hai| aura buddhakI Ayu 80 varSakI thaa| ataH ukta bheMTake samaya buddhakI Ayu 75 varSa honI cAhiye, aura addhagatovayo mahAvIrakI 50 varSa, jaisA ki hamane batalAyA hai| ataH tripiTikoMmeM datta ghaTanAoMke kAlakramako sarvathA prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / aura isaliye usameM datta mahAvIra bhagavAnako mRtyukI ghaTanAko pramANa koTimeM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| isa prakAra pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatke anusAra mahAvIra bhagavAnakA nirvANa vi0 sa0 se 470 varSa pUrva, zaka samvatse 605 barSa pUrva aura I0 sanse 527 varSa pUrva mAnanese buddha, gozAlaka, zreNika, ajAtazatru Adi samakAlIna vyaktiyoMke sAtha usakA

Page #337
312 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sAmajasya baiTha jAtA hai| aba hama vIra nirvANase uttarakAla meM honevAle viziSTa vyaktiyoMke kAlakramake sAtha usake sAmaJjasya para vicAra kreNge| ___mahAvIrake pazcAtkI rAjyakAla gaNanA bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANa aura candragupta mauryake rAjyAbhiSeka kA antarakAla hemacandrane' 155 varSa aura jinasena' (783 I0) tathA merutuMgane ( 1300 I0)215 varSa diyA hai| jinasena aura merutuMga mahAvIrake nirvANa aura avantIkI gaddIpara pAlakake rAjyAbhiSekako samakAlIna batalAte haiN| jinasenake pUrvaja yati. vRSabhane tathA merutuMgake pUrvaja titthogAlI painnaya' ke kartAne bhI aisA hI likhA hai| jinasena aura merutuMgane unhIMkA anusaraNa kiyA hai| - pAlakake pitAkA nAma pradyota athavA caNDapradyota thaa| majhima nikAya ( pR0 455) meM likhA hai ki magadharAja ajAtazatru rAjA pradyotake bhayase nagarako surakSita kara rahA thaa| yaha ghaTanA buddhake nirvANase pazcAt kI hai| ukta sabhI jaina granthoMmeM pAlakakA rAjyakAla 60 varSa likhA hai / merutuMgane vicAra zreNImeM 1-evaM ca zrI mahAvIramuktevarSazate gate / paJcapaJcAzadadhike candra. gupto'bhavannRpaH / 336 / / - pari0 50,8 / 2-harivaMza pu0 60 sa0, 488-86 zloka / 3-vi0 zre0 / 4-jakkAle vIra jiNo Nisse yasasaMpayaM samAvaNNo / takkAle abhisitto pAlayaNAmo aMtisudo ||1505|| -ti0pa0, a0 4 // 5-'jaM rayaNi siddhigo arahA titthaMkaro mahAvIro / taM rayaNimavaMtIe abhisitto pAlo rAyA / / ' 6-'pAlakasya rAjJaH SaSThi (60) varSANi rAjyamabhUta / tAvatA

Page #338
vIra nirvANa samvat 313 pAlakakA rAjyakAla 60 varSa batalAkara likhA hai ki pATalIputrameM kuNikaputra udAyIko kisIne mAra diyA aura isa taraha mahAvIra nirvANase 60 varSake pazcAt nanda rAjA huaa| tiloyapaeNati aura jinasenake harivaMzake anusAra pAlakake pazcAt 155 varSa taka vijaya vaMzakA rAjya rhaa| tatpazcAt muruNDoM ( mauryo) kA rAjya huaa| aura titthogAlI painnaya, tIrthoddhAra prakaraNa tathA vicAra zreNIke anusAra pAlakake pazcAt 155 varSa taka nandoMkA rAjya huA, tatpazcAta mauryoM kA rAjya huA / isase spaSTa hai ki hemacandra tathA anya jaina granthakAroMmeM mahAvIra nirvANa aura candragupta maurya ke antara kAlako lekara 60 varSakA mata bheda hai| ___kintu ukta sabhI jaina granthakAra, jinameM hemacandra bhI haiM mahAbIrake nirvANase 60 varSake pazcAt nandavaMzakA rAjyArambha mAnate haiN| ataH nandavaMzake rAjyArambha kAlako lekara unameM koI matabheda nahIM hai / matabheda hai nandavaMzake rAjyakAlako lekr| anya jaina granthakAra nandavaMzakA rAjya kAla 155 varSa batalAte haiM / taba hemacandra mahAvIra nirvANase lekara candraguptamaurya ke rAjAbhiSeka takakA kAla 155 varSa batalAte haiM / ataH 155 meM se 60 varSa kama kara dene para hemacandrake matAnusAra nandavaMzakA rAjyakAla 65 varSa hotA hai / bauddha kAlagaNanA bauddhagrantha dIpavaMza aura mahAvaMzameM ajAtazatruse lekara zaizunAga, nanda aura maurya rAjAoMke rAjyakAlakI avadhi dI hai| pATalIputre'putre kuNikaputre udAyinRpe udAyi nRpamArakeNa hate "nando rAjye'bhiSiktaH' ukta ca pariziSTaparvANa-'anantaraM vardhamAnasvAminirvANavAsarAt / gatAyAM SaSThivatsaryAmeSa nando'bhavannRpaH ||'-vi0 shre0|

Page #339
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA mahAvaMzameM likhA hai-'ajAta zatruke putra udayabhaTTane apane pitA ajAtazatruko mArakara 16 varSa rAjya kiyaa| udayabhaTTa ke putra anuruddhane apane pitAko mArakara rAjya kiyA aura anuruddhake putra muNDane apane pitAko mArakara rAjya kiyaa| donoMne ATha varSa rAjya kiyA / muNDake putra nAgadAsakane muNDako mArakara 24 varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| isa taraha isa vaMza ko pitRghAtI vaMza jAnakara kruddha nAgarikoMne nAgadAsakake amAtya susunAgako rAjA bnaayaa| usane 18 varSa rAjya kiyaa| 1- ajAta sattaputto taM dhAtetvAdAyabhaddako / rajjaM solasavassAni kAresi mitta dubbhiko // 1 // udayabhaddaputto taM ghAtetvA anuruddhako / anuruddhassa putto taM ghAtetvA muNDanAmako // 2 // mittadduno dummatino te pi rajjaM akaary| tesaM ubhinna rajjesu avassAnatikkamu // 3 // muNDassa putto pitaraM ghAtetvA nAgadAsako / catuvIsati vassAni rajjaM kAresi pApako // 4 / / pitughAtakavaMsoyaM iti kuddhA tha nAgarA / nAgadAsakarAjAnaM apanetyA samAgatA // 5 // susunAgoti pAtaM amacca' sAdhusaMmataM / rajje samabhisiJcisu savvesaM hitamAnasA // 6 // so aTThArasa vassAni rAjA rajjaM akArayi / kAlAsoko tassa putto sAdhIsatikArayi / / 7 / / atIte dasame vasse kAlAsokassa rAjino / saMdhuddha parinivvANA evaM vassasataM ahu / / 8 // -mahAvaMza, 4 pri|

Page #340
vIra nirvANa samvat 315 usake putra kAlAsokane 28 varSa rAjya kiyA / kAlAsokako rAjya karate hue 10 varSa bItane para buddhake parinirvANako 100 varSa hue| ___ kAlA'sokake putra dasa bhAI the| unhoMne 22 varSa rAjya kiyaa| phira kramase hananda hue / unhoMne bhI 22 varSe rAjya kiyA / maurya kSatriyoMke vaMzameM zrI candragupta hue / brAhmaNa cANakyane nauveM dhananandako mArakara candraguptako sakala jambUdvIpa kA rAjA bnaayaa| usane 24 varSa rAjya kiyaa| usake putra 1-'kAlAsokassa puttA tu ahesudasa bhAtukA / dvAvIsati te vassAni, rajjaM samanusAsisu // 14 // nava nandA tato pAsu kameneva nraadhipaa| te pi dvAvIsa vassAni rajjaM samanusAsisu // 15 // moriyAnaM khattiyAnaM vaMse jAtaM sirodharaM / caMdaguttoti pajJAtaM cANakko brAhmaNo tto|| 16 // navamaM dhananandaM taM ghATevA caMDakoSavA / sakale jaMbudopasmi, rajje samabhisiJci so // 17 // so catuvIsa vassAni, rAjA rajja akArayi / tassa putto viMdusAroM aTThavIsati kArayi // 18 // vidusAra sutA AsusataM eko ca vissuttA / asoko Asi tesaM tu puJjatejo baliddhiko // 16 // vemAti ke bhAtaro so hatvA ekUnakaM sataM / sakale jaMbudIpasmi ekarajjaM apApuNi // 20 // jinanivvANa to pacchA, pure tssaabhisekto| sAhArasaM vassasatadvayaM evaM vijAniyaM / / 21 // " -mahAvaMza, 5 pari0

Page #341
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bindusArake 100 putra the| unameM azoka bar3A tejasvI aura balavAna thA / usane apane 66 bhAIyoMko mArakara sakala jambUdvIpa meM rAjya kiyaa| buddha nirvANa aura azokake abhiSeka kAla ke bIca meM 218 varSakAra antara hai| ataH mahAvaMzake anusAra buddha nirvANase 24 + 16+ c+ 24 + 18+28+ 22+22 = 1:2 varSa ke pazcAt candragupta huA / cUki buddhakA nirvANa I0 pUrva 544 meM huA aura mahAbIrakA nirvANa I0 pUrva 527 meM huaa| ataH 17 varSakA antara honese bauddhakAla gaNanAke anusAra mahAbIrake nirvANase 162 - 117 = 45 varSa pazcAt candragupta rAjA huaa| ___ bauddha granthoMmeM ajAtazatrukA rAjyakAla 32 varSa likhA hai aura cU~ki ajAtazatruke rAjyake AThaveM varSa meM buddhakA parinirvANa huA ataH ukta kAlagaNanAmeM ajAtazatruke rAjyakAlake 24 varSa hI ginAye gaye haiN| anyathA ajAtazatruke rAjyArambhase lekara candragupta ke rAjyAbhiSeka taka 170varSa hote haiM / ina 170varSoM meM navanandoMkA rAjyakAla kevala 22 varSa batalAyA hai| . 2-zrI jAyasavAlane isa bauddhakAla gaNanAko galata ThaharAkara buddha nirvANa aura candragupta ke rAjyAbhiSekake bIcameM 218 varSakA antara batalAyA hai / buddhakA nirvANa ajAta zatruke rAjyake AThaveM varSameM hazrA ataH ajAtazatruse candragupta ke rAjyAbhiSeka taka kA kAla 35+35+33+4+43+28+12 % 226 varSa hotA hai isameM eka varSa adhika hai ataH 226 - 1 = 225 hue| isameM ajAtazatru ke rAjya ke 7 varSa kama kara denese 218 varSa zeSa rahate haiM / (ja0 vi0 u. ri0 so, ji0 1, pR.65)

Page #342
317 vIra nirvANa samvat paurANika kAlagaNanA hindu purANakArone bhI zaizunAga, nanda aura maurya rAjAoMke rAjyakAlakA varNana kiyA hai| viSNu, matsya, bhAgavata, brahmANDa aura vAyupurANameM unakI kAlagaNanA milatI hai| kintu viSNu purANa, aura bhAgavata meM pratyeka rAjAkA rAjyakAla nahIM diyA, kevala unake nAma tathA unake vaMzakA rAjyakAla diyA hai| zeSa tInoM purANoM meM pratyeka rAjAke sAtha unake rAjyakAlake varSa bhI diye haiN| parantu unameM bhI ekarUpatA nahIM hai / aneka nAmoMmeM aura rAjyakAlake varSoM meM eka dUsarese bhinnatA hai| zrImadbhAgavatameM (ska0 12, a01 ) jo rAjavaMzAvalI dI hai, usakA sthAna nahIM batalAyA ki ye rAjavaMza kisa deza meM rAjya karate the| kintu viSNupurANameM ( a013) unheM magadha dezakA zAsaka batalAyA hai, aura likhA hai ki bRhadratha vaMzake antima rAjA ripuJjayako usakA maMtrI sunika mAra degA aura apane putra pradyotakA rAjyAbhiSeka kregaa| viSNu, bhAgavata aura matsyapurANa meM datta vaMzAvalI isa prakAra haiviSNu purANa matsya purANa pradyota pradyota bAlaka 23 varSa bhAgavata balAka pAlaka pAlaka 28 , vizAkhayUpa vizAkhayUpa vizAkhayUpa 53 , 1 --bhAgavatameM puraJjaya nAma hai aura maMtrIkA nAma zunaka hai / matsya meM maMtrIkA nAma pulaka hai /

Page #343
318 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA rAjaka sUyaka 21 , janaka 125 / 125 ,, nandivardhana nandivardhana nandi isa prakAra viSNu pu0 meM pradyotavaMzake 6 rAjA ginAye haiN| ora matsyameM 4 hI ginAye haiM-pradyotakA nAma hI nahIM haiM / viSNu aura bhAgavata donoM purANoM meM likhA hai ki ye pA~ca pradyota eka sau ar3atIsa varSa taka pRthvIkA pAlana kreNge| isake pazcAt donoM purANoM meM zizunAgavaMzI rAjAoMkA nirdeza hai / matsyameM likhA hai ki rAjA sUryaka vArANasImeM apane putrako baiThAkara girivana ( magadha ) meM calA jaayegaa| tInoM purANoM meM tatpazcAt zizunAgavaMzI rAjAoMkI nAmAvalI isa prakAra dI haibiSNu Su0 bhAgabata pu0 matsya purANa zizunAbha zizunAga zizunAka 40 barSa kAkavarNa kAkavaNe kAkavarNa kSetramA kSetradharmA kSetradhomA 36 ,, kSataujA kSemajita 24 , vidhisAra ( bimbasAra ) vidhisAra vindhyasana 28 ., 26 ., kSetrajJa

Page #344
vIra nirvANa samvat ajAtazatru ajAtazatru aNvAyapana hai, bhUmimitra 14 ., arbha darbhaka ajAtazatru 27 vaMzaka 24 , udayana ajaya udAsI 33 ,, nandivardhana nandivardhana nandivardhana 40 ,, mahAnandi mahAnandi mahAnandi 43 ,, mahApadmananda mahApadmapatinanda mahApadma 88,, ATha putra ATha putra ATha putra 12, isa prakAra ina tInoM purANoMmeM pradyotoMkA rAjyakAla 138 varSa (matsyameM 125 varSa ), zizunAgoMkA 362 varSa aura nandoMkA 100 varSa batalAyA hai| matsyameM vindhyasena ( vimbasAra ) aura ajAta zatruke madhyameM do nAma aise haiM jo anyatra nahIM pAye jaate| isIse usameM zizunAgavaMzI rAjAoMkI saMkhyA 12 ho gaI hai| kintu unakA rAjyakAla 362 varSa hI batalAyA hai jaba ki pratyeka rAjAke rAjyakAlakA saMkalana karanese usameM 18 varSakI kamI raha jAtI hai|

Page #345
320 jai0 sA* i0-pUrva pIThikA ukta baMzAvaliyoMmeM datta rAjAoMke nAmoMke avalokanase patA calatA hai ki magadhake prasiddha zizunAgavaMzI rAjA bimbasArake ThIka nAmakA patA purANakAroMko nahIM thA, jaba ki bauddha aura jaina granthakAra usase suparicita the| magadha aura avantIke rAjavaMza ukta purANoMmeM pradyotako antima vRhadratha rAjAkA uttarAdhikArI kahA hai. aura pA~ca pradyotoMke pazcAt zizunAgavaMzI rAjAoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai / isase aisA bhrama honA svAbhAvika hai ki pradyotabaMza magadhameM rAjya karatA thA aura usake pazcAt zizunAgavaMzI rAjAoMkA rAjya magadhameM huaa| kintu yaha prAyaH mAnA jAtA hai ki pradyotavazane magadhameM rAjya nahIM kiyA aura na magadhase usakA koI sambandha thaa| pradyotavaMzake saMsthApaka rAjA pradyotako avantIkA hI rAjA mAnA jAtA hai, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra, buddha aura magadharAja zreNikakA samakAlIna thA / itihAsameM bhI avantirAja pradyotakA hI varNana milatA hai| kumArapAla pratibodha (pR076-83) meM ujjainIke pradyotako kathA hai| usake anusAra magadhake rAjakumAra abhayane pradya takA bandI banAyA aura pradyotane abhayakumArake pitA zreNika ( bimbasAra ) ke caraNoMmeM sIsa navAyA / jaina granthoMke anusAra isI pradyotake putrakA rAjyAbhiSeka bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANake dina avantIkI gaddI para huA aura usane 60 varSa rAjya kiyaa| jaina kAla gaNanAmeM magadhake nandavaMzake pUrva avantIke pAlakakI kAla gaNanA kyoM dI gaI isa viSayako lekara prAyaH UhApoha calatA hai| purANoMke avalokanase patA calatA hai ki magadha aura

Page #346
vIra nirvANa sambat . 321 avantI ke rAjavaMzoMmeM isa prakArakA vyatikrama nayA nahIM hai aura usako lekara itihAsajoMmeM UhApoha hotA AyA hai| zrI jAyasavAla jI kA kahanA hai ki 'magadhane jaba avantiko jItA to avantikA vRttAnta prasaMgavaza magadhake itihAsameM aayaa| yaha vRttAnta mUla pAThameM eka koSThaka meM yA pAda TippaNIke rUpa meM par3hA jAtA thaa| usake anta meM yaha pATha thA sa ( ta ) tsuto nandivardhanaH / hatvA teSAM yazaH kRtsnaM zizunAko bhaviSyati / / yahA~ zizunAkakA artha thA zaizunAka-zizunAka vaMzaja aura vaha nandivardhanakA vizeSaNa thaa| kintu bAdameM pichale lekhakoM aura pratilipikAroMne yaha na samajhakara ki ise koSThakameM par3hanA cAhiye, nandivardhanako pradyotavaMzakA antima rAjA tathA zizunAka kA artha pahalA zizunAka rAjA samajhakara pradyotAMzako magadhameM zizunAkoMkA pUrvavartI mAna liyA, aura unake vRttAntako bArhadrathoM aura zaizunAkoMke bIca rakha diyA / ' pArjITarane bhI isa spaSTa galatIko sudhAra kara pradyotoMke vRttAntako purANa pAThameM magadha ke vRttAntase alaga rakha diyA hai| aura isa taraha se aba yaha viSaya prAyaH nirvivAda mAnA jAtA hai| ( bhA0 i0 rU., ji0, 1 pR0 466) / avantirAja pradyota 'prAyaH' isa liye ki koI koI vidvAn avantike pradyotoMse magadhake pradyotoko bhinna mAnate hai| donoMko eka mAnanemeM unakI eka Apatti isa prakAra hai 'purANoMmeM magadhake rAjAke rUpameM jisa pradyotakA varNana hai usakA rAjyakAla purANoM ke anusAra 23 varSa hai / kintu avanti 21

Page #347
322 0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA rAja pradyotakA kAla isase bahuta adhika honA caahiye| jaina aura bauddha paramparAke anusAra caNDa pradyota kimbasArakA samakAlIna thA / tathA vaha ajAtazatrukA bhI samakAlIna thaa| pugaNoMke anusAra bimbasArakA rAjyakAla 28 varSa aura ajAtazatrukA 27 varSa thaa| purANoMke anusAra ajAtazatrukA uttarAdhikArI darzaka thaa| bhAsakI svapnavAsavadattAse isakA samarthana hotA hai| usase prakaTa hotA hai ki magadhapara darzakake rAjyake prAraMbhika varSoM meM avantimeM caNDa pradyota mahAsena rAjya karatA thaa| ina saba bAtoM ko dRSTimeM rakhate hue caNDapradyotakA sudIrgha kAla taka avantimeM rAjya karanA siddha hotA hai| jaba ki pauraNika pradyotakA rAjyakAla 23 varSA thaa|' : jala ni0 u. ri0 so0, ji07 pR0 110 ) - jainAcArya hemacandrake pariziSTa parvase patA calatA hai ki ujjayinIke rAjA pAlakake samayameM magadhake siMhAsanapara zreNika putra kuNika ('ajAtazatru) aura kuNikake putra udAyIkA kramazaH rAjya rahA hai / udAyIke nissantAna mara jAne para usakA rAjya nandako milaa| dakkhinI bauddha anuzrutimeM bhI ajAtazatru ke ThIka bAda udAyIkA rAjya batAyA hai| dIpavaMzameM uMdapIke bAda anuruddha muraMDa aura taba nAgadAsaka hai / uttarI bauddha anuzrutike grantha divyAvadAnameM muNDake bAda kAkavaNikA nAma hai / parantu purANoMmeM ajAtazatru aura udapIke bIca darzaka hai| zrI jAyasavAlakA kahanA thA ki nAgadAsaka = darzaka zizunAga ( zaizunAka ) meM zizunAga khAlI vizeSaNa hai / yaha vizeSaNa lagAne kI AvazyakatA usa samaya isaliye thI ki usake samakAlIna vinaya pAmokkha ( bauddha saMghake cune hue mukhiyA ) kA nAma bhI darzaka thaa| kAkavaNi bhI darzakakA hI vizeSaNa hai, kyoMki

Page #348
323 vIra nirvANa samvat zizunAkakA beTA kAkavarNa thaa| isa lie usakA koI bhI vaMzaja kAkavarNi kahalA sakatA hai, isa taraha nAgadAsaka darzaka aura kAkavarNi eka hI vyakti haiN| pro0 de0 rA0 bhaNDArakara bhI nAgadAsaka aura darzakako eka hI mAnate the| kintu bhAsakI prAmANikatA unheM svIkRta nahIM thii| unhoMne siddha kiyA hai ki darzakako yadi ajAtazatrakA beTA mAnA jAye to usake gaddI para baiThaneke samaya udayana kamase kama 56 varSakA rahA hogaa| isa dazAmeM 57 varSakI umra meM usakA darzakakI bahina padmAvatIse vivAha karanA sarvathA asaMgata hai| aura bhAsane apane samayakI galata anuzrutikA anusaraNa kiyA hai ( bhA0 i0, rU0, pR0 467 ) / bhAsane svapnavAsavadattAmeM magadha nareza darzakakI bahina padmAvatIse vatsarAja udayanakA vivAha karAyA hai| isase pahale avantipati pradyotakI putrI vAsavadattAke sAtha usakA vivAha ho cukA hai| magadha narezakI bahina padmAvatIke sAtha vivAha karAneke lie udayanakA maMtrI yogandharAyaNa vAsavadattAko rUpa badalakara rAjagRhImeM padmAvatIke pAsa rakha detA hai aura aisA rUpaka racatA hai jisase vAsavadattAke maranekA saMvAda, phaila jAtA hai| bAtacItameM vAsavadattA padmAvatIse kahatI hai tU mahAsenakI hone vAlI bahU haiM / padmAvatI pUchatI haimahAsena kauna hai ? vAsavadattA uttara detI hai ujjainIkA rAjA pradyota hai| itanemeM dhAya Akara kahatI hai ki mahArAja udayanakA kula rUpa vaya Adi dekhakara mahArAjane use padmAvatI denA svayaM hI svIkAra kiyA hai| somadeva racita kathAsaritsAgarameM bhI yaha kathA, AI hai| usameM likhA hai 'vatsarAja udayana vAsavadattAko pAkara viSaya

Page #349
324 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sukhameM magna ho gayA aura rAjyakA kula bhAra apane maMtrI yogandharAyaNako sauMpa diyaa| taba maMtrIne udayanakA rAjya bar3hAnekA vicAra karate hue socA ki hamArA eka zatru magadharAja pradyota hai, usakI kanyA padmAvatIkI yAcanA karane se vaha hamArA mitra ho jaayegaa| Age usane vAsavadattAko chipAkara ukta prakArase padmAvatIke sAtha udayanakA vivAha karA diyaa| nATaka tathA kathAke ukta AkhyAnase to yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki padmAvatIke sAtha vivAhake samaya udayana taruNa honA cAhiye aura vAsavadattAke dvArA padmAvatIko apane pitA pradyotakI bahU banAnekI bAta kahanese to pradyota usa samaya vRddha pramANita nahIM hotA hai| cU~ ki pradyotakI putrI vAsavadattA udayanase vivAhI thI isaliye pradyota aura udayanakI avasthAmeM bIsa barasakA antara to honA hI cAhiye; kyoMki vAsavadattAke vivAha ke samaya usake donoM bhAI pAlaka aura gopAla bhI taruNa the| ataH padmAvatIke vivAhake samaya pradyotakI avasthA 50 varSa aura udayanakI avasthA teMtIsa barSe honA caahiye| kintu avantIpati pradyota magadharAja zreNika aura usake putra ajAtazatrukA samakAlIna thaa| yadi yaha mAna liyA jAya ki pradyota zreNikakI taraha 15 varSakI avasthAmeM gaddI para baiThA aura vaha zreNikaputra abhayakumArakA samavayaska thA, kyoMki kumArapAla pratibodhake anusAra abhayakumArane pradyotako bandI banAyA thA, to ajAtazatrukI mRtyuke samaya (I0 pU0 520 anumAnita) usakI avasthA 80 varSakI aura vatsarAja udayanakI avasthA 60 varSakI honA cAhiye / aisI vRddhAvasthAmeM padmAvatIke sAtha udayanake vivAhako racAnemeM vAsavadattAkA sahayoga, padmAvatI kA udayanake prati AkarSaNa aura mahArAja darzakakA padmAvatIke

Page #350
vIra nirvANa samvat 325 liye svayaM udayanako pasanda karanA Adi bAteM, jo nATakameM varNita haiM, ghaTita nahIM ho sakatI aura na vAsavadattA hI padmAvatI ko apane 80 varSake vRddha pitA pradyotakI bhAvI patnI kahanekI dhRSTatA kara sakatI hai| ataH DA0 bhaNDArakarakA bhAsake viSaya meM jo mantavya hai ki usane kisI galata anuzrutike AdhArapara mahArAja darzakakI bahina padmAvatIke sAtha udayanakA bivAha racAyA hai, ucita pratIta hotA hai| dUsare, kathA saritsAgara meM padmAvatIko magadharAja pradyotakI putrI batalAyA hai| yaha magadharAja pradyota vahI paurANika pradyota jAna par3atA hai, jisake astitvameM vivAda hai| tIsare, jaina granthoM meM ajAtazatru (kuNika ) ke padmAvatI nAmakI koI kanyA nahIM batalAI, pratyutaH usakI rAnIkA nAma padmAvatI thaa| ataH bhAsake nATakake AdhArapara pradyotako magadha rAja darzakakA samakAlIna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| phira bhI purANoMmeM jo usakA rAjya. kAla 23 varSa batalAyA hai, aitihAsika ghaTanAoMko dekhate hue bahuta kama hai| - hA~ yadi pradyotako ajAtazatrukA samavayaska mAnA jAye aura jaina mAnyatAke anusAra mahAvIrake nirvANake samaya (I0 pUrva 527) usakI mRtyu mAnI jAya to usakA rAjyakAla 23 varSa honA saMbhava hai| kintu usa avasthAmeM kumArapAla pratibodhameM datta caNDapradyotakI kathAmeM jo rAjA zreNika aura tatputra abhaya1- paripanthI ca tatraikaH pradyoto magadhezvaraH / pANigrAhaH sa hi sadA pazcAtkopaM karoti naH // 16 // tattasya kanyakAratnamasti padmAvatIti yat / tadasya vatsarAjasya kRte yAcAmahe vayam // 20 // (3-1)

Page #351
326 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kumArake sAtha caNDapradyotakI jIvana ghaTanAye dI haiM ve ghaTita honA saMbhava nahIM hai| una ghaTanAoMko dekhanese to caNDa pradyota zreNikakA laghu samakAlIna avazya honA cAhiye aura aisI avasthAmeM usakA rAjyakAla 23 varSa saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA tathA usakI avasthAko dekhate hue jaina granthoMkA yaha kathana ki jisa dina bhagavAna mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA usI dina avantike siMhAsana para pAlakakA abhiSeka huA, satya pratIta hotA hai| ataH jo vidvAn paurANika pradyotakA rAjyakAla 23 varSa batalAyA jAneke kAraNa use avantipati caNDa pradyotase pRthaka mAnate haiM, unakI Apatti anucita nahIM kahI jA sktii| kintu magadha ke siMhAsana para pradyota nAmake kisI rAjAkA honA, jisake putrakA nAma bhI pAlaka thA, itihAsase pramANita nahIM hotaa| ataH purANoMkA ukta kathana kisI bhrAntikA phala jAna par3atA hai| aura usa bhrAntike bAja kumArapAla pratibodhameM datta caNDa pradyota ko kathAmeM nihita haiN| avazya hI kumA0 pra0 13 vIM zatAbdIkI racanA hai kintu usakA AdhAra svataMtra pratIta hotA hai| ___kathAmeM varNita ghaTanA isa prakAra hai-caNDapradyotane eka vezyAkI sahAyatAse abhayakumArako apanA bandI banA liyA / jaba abhayakumAra ujjainIse rAjagRha lauTakara AyA to usane bhI caNDa pradyotako apanA bandI banAneke lie chalapUrNa kauzalakA sahArA liyaa| vaNikakA veSa dhAraNa karake abhaya do gaNikAoMke sAtha ujjainI pahuMcA aura rAjamArgake eka AvAsameM rahane lgaa| eka dina pradyotakI dRSTi una gaNikAoM para pdd'ii| vaha unake rUpapara mugdha ho gyaa| idhara abhayane pradyotake samAna eka vyaktikA nAma pradyota rakhakara use pAgala banA diyA aura use apanA bhAI batalAyA /

Page #352
vIra nirvANa samvat 327 vaha use bA~dhakara prati dina rAjamArgase vaidyake ghara le jAtA aura vaha AdamI yaha cillAtA huA jAtA -maiM pradyota hU~ / ye mujhe bA~dhakara liye jAte haiM / saba loga yaha jAna gaye ki isake bhAIkA nAma pradyota hai aura yaha pAgala hai / eka dina rAtri meM vezyA sakta pradyota abhaya ke nivAsa sthAna para pahu~cA aura pakar3a liyA gyaa| dina nikalanepara use khATameM bA~dhakara rAjamArgase lekara saba loga cala diye / vaha bahuta cillAyA- 'maiM pradyota hU~ ye mujhe bA~dhe liye jAte haiN| magara puravAsI to prati dinakI isa cillAhaTa se suparicita the / ataH ve cupa rahe aura pradyota bandI banAkara rAjagRha pahu~cA diyA gayA / isa ghaTanA se ( abhayakumAra ke bhAI ) magadharAja pradyotakI bhrAnti cala par3I ho to koI Azcarya nahIM hai| kathA saritsAgara meM jo padmAvatIko magadharAja pradyotakI putrI batalAyA vaha bhI usI bhrAntikA phala ho sakatA hai| bhAsane padmAvatIko magadharAja darzakakI bahana batalAyA hai| purANoM ke anusAra darzaka ajAtazatrukA putra thA / aura ajAtazatru abhaya kumArakA bhAI tathA magadhakA rAjA thaa| . astu, jo kucha ho, kintu magadhake siMhAsana para pradyotavaMza rAjya honA itihAsa siddha nahIM hai / ataH isa prAsaMgika carcAko yahIM samApta karake hama Age bar3hate haiM / purANoMke pradyotAMza viSayaka sandarbhako magadhake vRttAntase alaga karake, koSTaka yA TippaNI ke rUpameM par3hanese yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki donoM rAjavaMza nandivardhana para Akara samApta hote haiM / aura donoM vaMzoMkI kAlagaNanA karane para avantikA nandirdhana aura magadhakA nandivardhana samakAlIna pratIta hote haiM / antameM

Page #353
328 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA spaSTa rUpase avantike nandivardhanako zaizunAka kahA hI hai / phalataH donoM na kevala samakAlIna haiM kintu eka haiN| magadha dvArA avantikI vijaya to nizcita hai hii| isIse zrIjAyasavAlajIne ( ja0 vi0. u0 ri0 so0 ji0 1) yaha pariNAma nikAlA thA ki magadhake rAjAoMmeM se nandivardhanane hI avantiko jItA thaa| jainagranthoMke anusAra avantimeM pAlakake vaMzake bAda nandavaMzane rAjya kiyaa| nandivardhana nanda kahalAtA thaa| purANake eka pAThameM usakA nAma vartivardhana bhI hai / ( bhA0 i0 rU0, ji0 1, pR0500)| kintu bAdako paTanAse prApta mUrtiyoMse yaha jAnA gayA ki paTanAmeM bhI koI rAjA aja thaa| aura taba yaha spaSTa huA ki aja aura udapI eka hI haiN| tathA avantikA ajaka bhI vahI hai aura usIne avantiko jItA thaa| bAta yaha hai ki purANoMke anusAra pradyotakA uttarAdhikArI pAlaka aura usakA uttarAdhikArI vizAkhayUpa hai, vizAkhayUpake bAda eka rAjAkA nAma ajaka hai| kisI-kisI pratimeM use vizAkhayUpa se pahale rakha diyA hai / kathA saritsAgarake anusAra pAlakakA bhAI gopAlabAlaka thA aura mRcchakaTikake anusAra pAlakako gaddIse utArakara prajAne gopAlakako Aryaka nAmase rAjA banAyA thA / udhara zrImadbhAgavatameM magadhavaMzameM udayake sthAna para 'ajaya' AtA hai| aura nandIvardhanako aAjeya likhA hai jisase udayIkA nAma aja siddha hotA thA / bAdako ukta mUrtiyoMse yaha jJAta honepara ki paTanA meM bhI koI rAjA aja thA, spaSTa huA ki aja aura udayI eka hI haiM tathA vahI avantikA ajaka bhI hai / (ja0 vi0 u0 ri0 so0 1616) / saMbhavataH avantiko jItakara bhI vaha apane rAjyameM nahIM milA skaa| yaha kAma usake uttarAdhikArI nandavardhanane kiyaa|

Page #354
326 nandoMke 155 varSa aba hama nandoMkI ora Ate haiN| jaina anuzrutike anusAra avantimeM pAlakake rAjyake bAda nandoMne 155 varSa rAjya kiyA / aura jainAcArya hemacandra ke pariziSTa parvake anusAra ujjainIke rAjA pAlakake samayameM magadhake siMhAsanapara zreNikaputra kuNika (ajAtazatru) aura kuNikake putra udAyIkA kramazaH rAjya rahA / udAyIke nissantAna mArejAne para usakA rAjya nandako milaa| bhAgavat , viSNu, matsya Adi purANoMmeM aja athavA udayIke uttarAdhikArIkA nAma nandivardhana batalAyA hai| aura magadha tathA avantike rAjyavaMzoMmeM usakA nAma AtA hai| ataH nandIvardhana magadha aura avantI donoMkA rAjA thaa| purANoM meM pAMca pradyotoMkA rAjyakAla 138 vaSa batalAyA hai, jisameM 23 varSa prathama pradyotake haiN| avantipati pradyotake rAjyakAlakI ghaTanAoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki usakA rAjyakAla 23 varSa se bahuta adhika varSoM taka rahA hai ataH 23 barSakI gaNanA ThIka nahIM hai| isalie 538 meM se 23 varSa kamakara denepara pAlakake rAjyabhiSekase lekara nandivardhanakI mRtyutakakA kAla 115 varSa hotA hai| ___ yaha prasiddha hai ki candraguptamauryase pahale nandoMkA rAjya thaa| nandoMkI do pIr3hiyoMne rAjya kiyaa| pahalI pIDhImeM mahApadmananda thA aura dUsarI pIr3hImeM usake ATha bette| ye saba milakara nau nanda the| vAyu pu0 meM mahApadmanandakA rAjyakAla 8 varSa diyA hai, kintu bAkI purANoMmeM mahApadmake 88 varSa aura dUsarI pIr3hIke 12 varSa

Page #355
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA milAkara 100 varSa pUre kiye haiN| isa prakAra nandoMke 100 varSa rAjya karanekI anuzruti hai| jainAcArya hemacandrane mahAbIra nirvANa se 155 varSa pazcAt candraguptakA rAjA honA likhA hai| tathA mahAbIra nirvANase 60 varSa pazcAt nandakA rAjA honA likhA hai| ataH unhoMne 155-60 = 65 varSa taka nandokA rAjya batalAyA hai jo 100 varSakI paurANika anuzrutise mela khAtA hai| . kintu anya jaina granthakAroMne 155 varSa taka nandoMkA rAjya batalAyA hai aura isa taraha hemacandra tathA unakI kAla gaNanAmeM 60 varSakA antara par3atA hai| vahI antara hama vAyu purANa tathA anya purANoMkI kAlagaNanAmeM pAte haiM / vAyu purANa mahApadmanandakA rAjyakAla 28 varSa batalAtA hai, kintu anya purANoMmeM 88 varSa batalAyA hai / ataH 88-28 %D60 varSakA antara spaSTa hai| ___ isa parase aisA pratIta honA svAbhAvika hai ki mahApadmanandake rAjya kAlako lekara do anuzrutiyA~ pracalita thiiN| eka anuzrutike anusAra usane 88 varSa rAjya kiyA aura dUsarI anuzrRM tike anusAra usane 8 varSa rAjya kiyaa| anya jaina granthakAroMne prathama anuzrutiko apanAkara nandoMkA rAjyakAla 155 varSa btlaayaa| kintu hemacandane dUsarI anuzrutiko apanAkara nandoMkA rAjyakAla 65 varSa batalAyA hai| ataH hemacandrake anusAra mahAvIra nirvANase 115+28 :52 = 155 varSa pazcAt candragupta rAjA huaa| aura anya granthakAroMke anusAra 115+ 88+12% 215 varSa pazcAt candragupta rAjA huaa| isapara eka AzaGkA yaha kI jA sakatI hai ki isa tarahase to nandoMkA rAjyakAla hemacandra ke anusAra 28+12 = 40 varSa

Page #356
vIra nirvANa samvat 331 aura anya jainagranthakAroM ke anusAra 88 + 12 = 100 varSa hotA hai 65 yA 155 varSa nahIM hotA / isa zrAzaGkAkA uttara yaha hai. jaisA ki jAyasavAla jIne ( ja0 vi0 u0 ri so0, ji01 ) spaSTa kiyA hai ki jainagranthakAroMne zraja udayIke vaMzajoko bhI nandarAjA mAna liyA hai / nandine magadhake rAjya meM avantiko milAyA isase use nandivardhana kahA hai / usakA mUla nAma nanda thA, nandi nahIM thA / bhaviSya purANameM nandavardhana nAma hai / isI taraha nandivardhanake uttarAdhikArI mahAnandikA nAma bhI mahAnanda thA / bhaviSya pu0 meM use nanda kahA hai| tathA navanandakA artha naye nanda thA / jo bAdako nau nandake rUpameM mAnA jAne lagA / tathA una nau nandoMne kramazaH rAjya kiyA, yaha mAna lenA svAbhAvika hI thaa| isa tarahase nandoMke vAstavika rAjyakAlameM bahuta varSoM kI vRddhi hogaI / purANoM ke anusAra nandivardhanase lekara antima nanda takakA kula rAjyakAla - 123 varSa hai / inameM se jAyasavAla jI 28 + 12 : 40 varSa navanandoMke aura 40 + 43 = 83 varSa pUrva nandoMke mAnate haiM / pUrva nandoM meM eka nandivardhana thA aura dUsarA thA mahAnandI, nandivardhanakA rAjyakAla 40 varSa thA aura mahAnanda kA 43 varSa / zrI jAyasavAla ne likhA hai ki pAlaka ke 60 varSake pazcAt jainakAla gaNanA meM nandoMke 155 varSa batalAye haiN| purANoM meM nandoM kA rAjya (40 + 43 + 28 + 12) 123 varSa batalAyA hai / ataH ( 155 - 123 zeSa 32 varSa udAyIke lenese 155 varSa pUre ho jAte / (ja0 vi0 u0ri0 so0, ji0 1, pR0 102 ) zrI jAyasavAla jIne 32 varSa jor3akara jainakAla Jain Educationa International nandoMke 123 varSoM meM udAyIke rAjyake gaNanA meM batalAye nandoMke 155 varSo For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #357
332 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kI pUrti kI hai| aura pAlakake 60 varSake pazcAt udAyIkA rAjyAbhiSeka mAnA hai| kintu tiloyapaeNati, titthA0 painnaya Adi digambara tathA zvetAmbara granthoMmeM mahAvIra nirvANake dina avantIkI gaddIpara abhiSikta pAlakakA rAjyakAla 60 varSa batalAyA hai aura hemacandrAcAryane apane pariziSTha parvameM magadhakI gaddIpara mahAvIrake nirvANase udAyIke rAjyAnta takakA kAla 60 varSa batalAyA hai| arthAt pAlaka aura udAyIkA rAjyakAla eka sAtha samApta huaa| - hemacandrane likhA ( pari0 parva, sarga6, zlo0 1-6-243 ) hai ki udAyIse sabhI rAjA trasta the aura unhoMne yaha samajha liyA thA ki jaba taka udAyI jIvita hai hama sukhase nahIM raha sakate / avantI nareza bhI unameMse eka thA, ataH eka rAjyabhRSTa rAjaputra avantI narezase salAha karaneke bAda sAdhu bana gayA aura usane chalase udAyIkA badha karadiyA / udAyIke koI santAna nahIM thI, ataH nAIputra nanda magadhake siMhAsana para baiThA / __avantIpatise abhisandhi karake udAyIkA apaghAta kiyA jAnA yaha sUcita karatA hai ki udAyIne pAlakavaMzakI bhI vahI dazAkI thI jo anya rAjAoMkI kI thii| aura sambhavatayA yaha ghaTanA udAyIke jIvanake antase kucha hI pUrvakI hogii| isIse jahA~ mahAvIra nirvANake 60 varSa bItane para pAlakavaMzakA anta huA vahIM magadhake rAjyAsana para udAyIkA bhI anta ho gyaa| udAyIke pazcAt magadha ke siMhAsanapara jisa nApita nandake baiThane kA nirdeza hemacandane kiyA hai, vaha avazya hI mahApadmananda hai, usIko purANoMmeM zUdrAkA putra tathA yUnAnI lekhakoMne nAIkA putra batalAyA hai / usIke kAlako lekara 60 varSakA matabheda purANoMmeM hai|

Page #358
vIra nirvANa samvat ataH 155 varSakI saMkhyA pUrI karaneke liye purANoMke nandakAlake 123 meM udAyIke 32 varSa nahIM jor3e jA sakate / zrI jAyasavAlane IsvI pUrva 467 meM udAyIkA anta mAnA hai so vIranirvANa 527 I0 pU0 meM 60 varSa ghaTAnese vahI samaya AtA hai| udAyIke pazcAt magadhake rAjyAsana para baiThanevAloMkI tAlikA tathA kAlagaNanA jAyasavAla' jIne isa prakAra dI hai| 1-jAyasavAlajIko udAyIke uttarAdhikAriyoMmeM parivartana karanA par3A hai usakA vivaraNa nIce diyA jAtA hai khAravela ke prasiddha hAthI guphA vAle zilAlekhakI chaThI paMkti meM eka bAkya isa prakAra AyA hai-nandarAja tivasa stoghaattitm'| isakA artha DA0 sTena kaunoMne kiyA-'nandarAja ke samaya saM0 103 meM khodI gaI nahara' / konauke matameM yaha vIra samvat hai / aura ve vIra nirvANa samvatkA prArambha IsvI pUrva 527 meM mAnate the / ataH unake matase 527-103 - 424 I0 pUrvameM nandarAjA thaa| zrIjAyasavAlane 'nandarAja tivasa sato ghATitam' kA artha kiyA'nandarAjake saM0 103 meM khodI' unakA kahanA hai ki yadi 'nandarAjane saM0 103 meM khodI' yaha artha iSTa hotA to 'tivasasata nandarAja aoghATita'' pATha hotA / ( ja0 vi0 u0 ri0 so0, ji0 13, pR0 233 ) ataH zrIjAyasavAla ke anusAra khAravelake zilAlekhameM nandasaMvatkA nirdeza hai| unhoMne kucha pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha pramANita kiyA ki 'nanda sambat kisI samaya pracalita thA / alavarunIne likhA hai ki IsvI pUrva 458 meM eka sambatkA prArambha huaA thaa| use vaha harSavardhana samvat batalAtA hai, aura batalAtA hai ki usake samaya taka ( 11vIM zatAbdI I0 ) mathurA aura kanaujameM vaha samvat pracalita thaa| kintu 458 I.. pUrva meM harSavardhana nAmake kisI rAjAkA astitva prasiddha nahIM hai / ataH

Page #359
334 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA 467-458 I0 pU0 458-418 "" 418-410 39 muNDa mahAnandI mahAnadI ke do beTe 374-366, 406-374 "" mahApadmananda 366-338 "" anuruddha nandivardhana dhanananda candragupta maurya 338-326 "" 326-25-302 I0 pU0 yaha harSavardhana nandavardhana honA cAhiye haiM / aura prAcIna bhArata meM aisA prayoga 40 238 ) / kyoMki harSa aura nanda samAnArthaka karanekI prathA thI' / ( vahI, berunIne isa sambat ko mathurA aura kannauja meM pracalita pAyA thA / usane logoM se sunA ki isa sambat ke pravartaka rAjAne Taiksa ghaTA diye the kyoMki use pRthvI meM se bahuta dhana milA thA / yaha bAta nandoMke gar3he hue kozoMkA smaraNa karAtI hai / yaha prasiddha hai ki nandavardhanane pradyotake avantirAjyako jIta liyA thA aura mathurA avantirAjyakA eka aMga thA / ataH mathurA aura antarvartI kannauja nandavardhana ke magadha sAmrAjya ke antavargata the / ataH una pradezoM meM nanda samvatkA pracalita honA svAbhAvika thA / Jain Educationa International ukta pramANoM ke AdhAra para zrIjAyasavAla jIne khAravela ke zilAlekhameM nirdiSTa sambatko nandasamvat mAnA jo I0 pUrva 458 meM pracalita kiyA gayA thA cAra jisakA pracalanakartA nandavardhana thA / jAyasavAla jIko nandivardhanakA rAjyAbhiSeka kAla 458 I0 pU0 nirdhArita karane ke liye magadha rAjavaMzakI nAmAvalI meM bhI thor3A sA ulaTa kara karanA par3A / (ja0 vi0 u0ri0 so0 ji0 13, pR0 239 ) unhoMne magadharAja udAyIkA antakAla 465 I0 pU0 mAnA hai / jaina For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #360
vIra nirvANa samvat 335 . arthAt udayIke anta aura candragupta mauryake rAjyAbhiSekake bIcameM jAyasavAla jIke anusAra 47-325 = 142 varSakA kAla gaNanAke anumAra bhI mahAvIrake nirvANase udAyIke rAjyAnta taka kA kAla 60 varSa batalAyA hai / ataH 527 I0 pU0 meM 60 varSa ghaTAnese 467 I0 pU0 kAla pAtA hai / pAlI granthoMmeM nandavardhanake avyavahita pUrvameM do rAjAoMke nAma aura diye haiM, jo purANoM meM nahIM haiN| ve nAma haiM anuruddha aura muNDa / anuruddhakA rAjyakAla nau varSa aura muNDakA rAjyakAla 8 varSa batalAyA hai| ata: udAyI ke pazcAt kAlakrama isa prakAra baiThatA hai| anaruddha 6 varpa. 467-458 I0 pU0 muNDa 8 , 458-446 , nandavardhana 40 varSa, 446-409 ,, purANoM meM nandoMke sau varSa batalAye haiM / jinameM nandavardhanake 40 varSa aura mahAnandake 43 varSa hai / 17 varSa zeSa rahate haiM / jAyasavAla jIne anuruddha aura muNDako bhI nandomeM sammilita karake 9-8% 17 varSa pUre kiye haiM / kyoMki jaina anuzruti ke anusAra magadha meM udAyIke pazcAt nandoMkA rAjya huA thA / anuruddha aura muNDa meM se kisI eka ko nanda. vardhana ke nIce rakha denese nandavardhanakA rAjyAbhiSeka kAla 458 I0 pU0 zrA jAtA haiN| yadi anuruddha aura muNDa donoko nandavardhana ke pazcAt rakha dete haiM to jaina aura paurANika anubhUtiyA~ aApasameM mila jAtI haiM, jo udAyIke pazcAt nandoMkA. rAjya batalAtI haiN| kintu aisA karane se 458 I0 pU0 meM nandavardhana ke rAjyakA nauvAM varSa hotA hai / ataH anuruddha aura muNDa donoMko nandavardhana ke pazcAt na rakhakara eka ko hI rakhanA paryApta hai / isa tarahase zrI jAyasavAlajIne udAyoke pazcAt anuruddha aura muNDa meM se ekako rakhakara tathA usake pazcAt nandavardhanako rakhakara I0 pU0

Page #361
336 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA antara hai| isameM pAlakavaMza athavA udayI takake 60 varSa jor3a denese vAra nirvANa aura candragupta mauryake rAjyAbhiSekakA antara 202 varSa AtA hai| arthAt vIra nirvANase 202veM varSa meM candra. gupta mauryakA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| kintu jaina granthoM meM vIra nirvANa se (60+155= 215 ) barSa pazcAt candraguptake rAjA honekA nirdeza hai| ataH 12 varSakA antara spaSTa hai aura isake anusAra 527-215312 I0 pU0 meM candraguptakA rAjyAbhiSeka honA caahiye| __ itihAsake premiyoMse yaha bAta chipI huI nahIM hai ki candragupta mauryake rAjyAbhiSekake kAla ko lekara bhI itihAsajJAmeM matabheda hai| aura vaha matabheda bhI 13-14 varSakA hI hai / arthAt 326-25 I. pUrvase lekara 312 I0 pUrva takake bIcameM candragupta sihAMsana para baiThA, yaha sunizcita rItise mAnA jAtA haiN| ataH mahAvIra nirvANase 215 varSa pazcAt mauryoM kA rAjya honekA jaina nirdeza sarvathA galata nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aura isaliye isa dRSTise bhI pracalita vIra nirvANa samvat hI ThIka pratIta hotA hai| asala meM jainagranthoM meM mahAvIra nirvANake pazcAt honevAle rAjavaMzoMkI kAlagaNanA to do hai kintu una rAjavaMzoMmeM honevAle rAjAoMkA na to nAma diyA hai aura na pratyekakA rAjyakAla hI diyA hai| ataH purANoM aura vauddhagranthoM meM dI gaI rAjakAla gaNanAke sAtha unakA samIkaraNa kara sakanA zakya nahIM hai| phira bhI itanA sunizcita hai ki vIra nirvANake pazcAtkI jo rAjyakAla gaNanA dI hai, pracalita vIra nirvANa samvat usake aviruddha 458 nandavardhanakA rAjyAbhiSeka mAnA aura use hI nanda samvatkA pravartaka btlaayaa|

Page #362
prAcArya kAla gaNanA hai| sabhI jaina mahAvIra nirvANa aura vikramake madhyameM 470 varSakA antara mAnanemeM ekamata haiN| tathA zaka rAjAse 605 varSa pUrva vIra nirvANa hone meM bhI sabakA aikamatya hai| ataH vikrama samvatse 470 varSa, zakasamvat se 605 varSa aura IsvIsana se 527 varSa pUrva vIrakA nirvANa mAnanA hI samucita hai| ____AcArya kAla gaNanA jaina granthoM meM jaise vIra nirvANake pazcAt honevAle pramukha gajavaMzoMkI kAla gaNanA dI hai vaise hI tatpazcAt honevAle mahA. vIrake pramukha ziSya-praziSyoMkI bhI paraMparAkA ullekha kAlakramase kiyA hai| digambara jainoMke triloka prajJapti, dhavalA, jaya dhavalA Adi granthoM aura paTTAvaliyoMmeM tathA zve jainoMkI sthavirAvalI aura paTTAvaliyoMmeM usakA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| di0 jainoMke anusAra bhagavAna mahAbIrake nirvANake pazcAt 62 varSa meM tIna kevalI hue aura tatpazcAt 100 varSameM 5 zrutakevalI hue| ti0pa0 meM likhA hai-jisa dina vIra prabhukA nirvANa huA 1-'jAdo siddho vIro taddivase godamo paramaNANI / jAdo tasmi siddha sudhammasAmI tado jAdo // 1476 / / tammi kadakammaNAse jaMbUsAmitti kevalI jAdo / tatyavi siddhipavaraNe kevaliNo Nasthi aNubaddhA // 1477 // vAsaTThI vAsANi godamapahudINa NANavaMtANaM / dhammapayaTTaNakAle parimANaM piMDarUveNa // 1478 //

Page #363
338 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA usI dina unake pradhAna ziSya gautama kevalajJAnI hue| unake mukta hone para sudharmA svAmI kevalajJAnI hue / unake mukta honepara jambU svAmI kevalajJAnI hue| jambU svAmIke mukta honepara koI anubaddha kevalI nahIM huaa| ina tInoM ke dharmapravartanakA sAmUhika kAla 62 varSa hai| Age likhA hai-nandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, cauthe govarddhana aura pA~caveM bhadrabAhu, ye pA~ca puruSazreSTha jagatameM vikhyAta zrutakevalI zrI vardhamAna svAmIke tIrthameM hue| ina pA~coMke kAlakA sammilita pramANa sau varSa hotA hai| inake pazcAt paMcama kAlameM bharata kSetrameM koI zrutakevalI nahIM huaa| ___ indranandi zrutAvatArameM tInoM kevaliyoMkA pRthaka pRthaka kAla bhI diyA hai| tathA nandisaMghakI prAkRta paTTAvalImeM ( jai. si0 bhA0, bhAga 1, ki0 4) bhI pratyeka kevalI aura zrutakevalIkA pRthaka pRthaka kAla diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai1---"NaMdIya NaMdimitto vidizro avarAjido taijo ya / govaddhaNo cautyo paMcamazro bhaddabAhutti // 1482 // paMca ime purisavarA caudasapUvI jagammi vivAdA / te bArasa aMgadharA titthe sirivaDDamANassa // 1483 // paMcANa melidANaM kAlapamANaM havedi vAsasadaM / vIdammi paMcamae bharahe sudakevalI Natthi // 1484 // -tiloyapa0, a0 4 / ja0 51 bhA0 1, pR085 / dhavalA, pu0 1, pR0 66 / hari0 pu0, sarga 66, zlo0 22 / indra0 zrutA0, zlo 72-78 /

Page #364
AcArya kAla gaNanA _____3 kevalI pA~ca zrutakevalI gautama gaNadhara 12 varSa 1 viSNukumAra' 14 varSa 2 sudharmAsvAmI' 11 ,, 2 nandimitra 16 3 jambU svAmI 38, 3 aparAjita 22,, - 4 govardhana 62 varSa 5 bhadrabAhu 26 ,, 100 varSa isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANase bhadrazAhu zrutakevalI paryanta 162 varSa hote haiN| zvetAmbarIya sthavirAvalIke anusAra mahAvIra nirvANake 1-dhavalA (pR0 66, bhA0 1) meM tathA zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekha naM0 1 meM dUsare kevalIkA nAma lohArya hI pAyA jAtA hai / kintu jayadhavalA, harivaMza pu0, zrutAvatAra tathA zilAlekha naM0 105 ( 254 ) meM usake sthAnapara sudharmAkA nAma hai / jambUdvIpa paNNatimeM spaSTa likhA hai ki lohAryakA nAma sudharmA bhI thA / yathA teNavi lohajassa ya lohajjeNa ya sudhammaNAmeNa | gaNahara sudhammaNA khalu jaMbuNAmassa NiiiMDheM // 10 // 2-tiloyapaeNati jambUdvIpapaeNati, aAdipurANa va zrutaskandhameM nandi yA nandi muni nAma AtA hai viSNu aura nandi bhI eka hI zrAcArya ke do nAma pratIta hote haiM / yaha saMbhava hai ki prAcAryakA pUrA nAma viSNu nandi ho, saMkSepameM unheM kahIM viSNu aura kahIM nandi kahA gayA ho|

Page #365
340 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA pazcAt honevAle yugapradhAna AcAryoMkA kAlakrama isa prakAra' diyA hai1 sudharmA 20 5 yazobhadga 50 varSa 2 jambU 44 6 saMbhUtivijaya 8, 3 prabhava 11, 7 bhadrabAhu 14, 4 zayaMbhava 23 ,, 8sthUlabhadra 45, 215 , isa kAla gaNanAkI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jisa prakAra mahAvIra nirvANake pazcAt hone vAle rAjavaMzoMkI kAla gaNanAke 215 varSa (pAlakase lekara nandAMzake anta taka ) ginAye haiM usI prakAra mahAvIra nirvANake pazcAt honevAle yugapradhAna AcAryoMkA kAla bhI 215 varSake hisAbase ginAyA hai| arthAt udhara nandanAzake antake sAtha aura idhara sthUlabhadrake svargavAsake sAtha mahAvIra nirvANake 215 varSa pUre hote haiN| isake anusAra vIra nirvANake 170 varSa bItane para bhadrabAhu svAmIkA svargavAsa huaa| jaisA ki AcArya hemacandrane bhI apane pariziSTa' parvameM likhA hai| zve. sthavirAvalImeM gautama 1-'siri vIrAu suhammo vIsaM caucattavAsajaMbussa / pabhavegArasa sijjaMbhavassa tevIsa vAsANi / / pannAsa jasobhadde, saMbhUhassaTTha bhaddabAhussa / caudasa ya thUlabhadde, paNayAlevaM dupannarasa / ' -vi0 zre 2- zrI vIra mokSAt varSazate saptatyagre gate sati / bhadrabAhurapi svAmI yayau svarga samAdhinA ||-p0p0 /

Page #366
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 341 gaNadharako, jo mahAvIrake pradhAna ziSya the, mahAvIrake nirvANake pazcAt yugapradhAna paTTapara AsIna na karAkara sudharmAko AsIna karAyA hai| kintu kalpasUtrake anusAra mahAvIra svAmIkA nirvANa honeke pazcAt gautamako kevala jJAnakI prApti huI aura ve 12 varSa taka pradhAna pada para pratiSThita rhe| tatpazcAt unhoMne apanA pada sudharmA svAmIko diyA aura ve ATha varSa taka usa pada para AsIna rhe| isa taraha sthavirAvalImeM jo sudharmAke 20 varSa ginAye haiM, unameM 12 varSa gautamake aura 8 varSa sudharmAke haiN| kintu donoMkA alaga alaga ullekha na karake sudharmAke hI 20 varSa batalAne meM kyA hetu hai yaha hama nahIM kaha skte| ___jambU svAmI kevalIke pazcAta hone vAle yugapradhAna AcAryoM meM bhadrabAhu hI eka aise haiM, jinheM donoM sampradAyoMne mAnA hai| jambU svAmIke pazcAta aura bhadrabAhu svAmIse pahale honevAle 4 prAcAryoMke nAma donoM sampradAyoMmeM bhinna bhinna haiM aura unakA kAla bhI samAna nahIM hai / isaliye yaha spaSTa hai ki ve eka dUsarese bilkula bhinna vyakti haiN| kintu bhadrabAhukA yugapradhAnatva donoM sampradAyoMko svIkArya hai| inhIMke samayameM saMghabheda huaa| isaliye bhI bhadrabAhukA sthAna akhaNDa jaina paramparAkI dRSTise bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| di0 jaina grantha tathA zilAlekha inheM maurya samrATa candraguptakA samakAlIna siddha karate haiN| aura videzI tathA etaddezIya itihAsajJoMne bhI unakI satyatAko svIkAra kiyA hai| .. kintu ukta kAla gaNanAko dekhate hue candragupta maurya aura bhadrabAhukI samakAlInatA siddha nahIM hotI aura una donoMke bIca meM vahI prasiddha 60 varSakA antara par3atA hai| arthAt yadi bhadrabAhu ke samaya vIra ni0 162 meM 60 varSa bar3hA diye jAyeM to candra

Page #367
342 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA gupta maurya aura bhadrabAhukI samakAlInatA ThIka bana jAtI hai| athavA candragupta mauryake kAlameMse 60 varSa pIche haTA diye jAyeM jaisA ki hemacaMdrAcAryane mahAvIra nirvANase 215 varSakI paramparAke sthAnameM 155 varSa pazcAta caMdraguptakA rAjA honA likhA hai to donoMkI samakAlInatA bana sakatI hai| prAcArya hemacaMdrane aisA vicArapUrvaka hI kiyA hai aura isaliye unake samayameM donoMkI samakAlInatAko eka vAstavika tathyake rUpameM mAnA jAtA thA , yaha spaSTa hai, kyoMki yadi usameM unheM thor3A sA bhI saMdeha hotA to hemacaMdra 215 varSakI calI AI huI prAcIna jaina gaNanAmeM saMzodhana karanekA sAhasa na krte| bhadrabAhu aura candragupta - Age hama zruta kevalI bhadrabAhu aura candraguptako samakAlIna batalAne vAle ullekhoMkA sAdhAra nirdeza karate haiM digambara sAhityameM isa biSayakA sabase prAcIna ullekha harigheNakRta bRhatkathA kozameM ( kathA 131 ) pAyA jAtA hai| yaha grantha zaka samvat 853 kA racA huA hai| isameM batalAyA hai ki bhadrabAhu puNDravardhana dezake nivAsI eka brAhmaNake putra the| unhoMne eka dina khelate hue ekake Upara eka, isa taraha caudaha gaMTU rakha diye / caturtha zruta kevalI govardhana udharase kahIM jAte the| unhoMne bhadrabAhuko usake pitAse mA~ga liyA aura use par3hA likhAkara vidvAna banA diyaa| pIche bhadrabAhune apane guruse muni dIkSA le lI, aura vaha govardhana ke svargagamanake pazcAt paJcama zruta kevalI hue| __eka dina ve ujjanI nagarImeM bhikSAke liye gye| usa samaya vahA~kA rAjA zrImAn candragupta thA aura vaha mahAn zrAvaka thaa|

Page #368
AcArya kAla gaNanA 343 bhadrabAhune jaise hI eka zUnyagRhameM praveza kiyaa| eka zizune kahA-'yahA~se jaldI cale jaao|' divyajJAnI bhadrabAhune zizuke yaha bacana sunakara jAnA ki yahA~ bAraha varSa taka varSA nahIM hogii| aisA jAnakara ve bhojana kiye binA hI lauTa gye| unhoMne saMghase yaha samAcAra kahA ki merI Ayu thor3I hai ataH maiM to yahIM ThaharU~gA Apa loga samudrake samIpa cale jaayeN| yaha sunakara narezvara candraguptane bhI unake pAsa jina dIkSA le lI / muni honeke pazcAt candraguptakA nAma vizAkhAcArya ho gayA aura ve dasa pUrviyoMmeM prathama hue tathA saMghake adhipati banA diye gye| unake sAtha saba saMgha bhadrabAhukI AjJAnusAra dakSiNApatha dezameM sthita punnAra nagarako calA gyaa| bhadrabAhu munine bhAdrapada dezameM jAkara samAdhi maraNa pUrvaka zarIra tyAga diyaa| ___ isa kathAmeM bhadrabAhuko zrutakevalI tathA unake gurukA nAma govardhana diyA hai aura candragupta narezvarako dIkSA deneke pazcAt unakA uttarAdhikArI vizAkhAcArya batalAyA hai| samasta digambara jaina sAhityameM tathA zilAlekhoMmeM govadhanako caturtha zrutakevalI batalAyA hai aura unheM bhadrabAhu zruta kevalIkA pUrvaja batalAyA hai| tathA bhadrabAhuko puDavardhana dezake koTimata nagarakA vAsI batalAyA hai| ataH yaha nirvivAda hai ki vR* ka0 kozameM jisa bhadrabAhukA AkhyAna diyA hai ve zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hI haiM, aura unake samayameM candragupta nAmakA yadi koI rAjA huA hai to vaha maurya samrATa candragupta hI hai| candragupta nAmaka anya rAjA to bahuta samaya pazcAt hue haiN| ataH unake zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke samakAlIna honekA prazna hI nahIM hai| zrI satyaketu bidyAlaMkArane apane maurya sAmrAjyake itihAsameM

Page #369
344 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA (pR. 424 ) likhA hai-'hama isa anuzrutimeM koI saMdeha nahIM karate ki candragupta nAmakA ujayinIkA eka rAjA AcArya bhadrabAhuke sAtha zravaNavela golAmeM AyA thA aura vahA~ pahu~cakara anazana vrata karake svargaloka sidhArA thaa| parantu prazna yahI hai ki candragupta hai kauna sA ? jaina sAhityake anusAra yaha azokakA pautra hai|' kintu bhadrabAhu aura candragupta dvitIyakI, jo itihAsameM saMprati ke nAmase hI prasiddha hai , samakAlInatA saMbhava nahIM hai| azoka ke pautra sampratikA rAjyAbhiSeka 20 I0 pU0 meM huaa| arthAt candragupta prathamake rAjyAbhiSekase sau varSase bhI adhika kAlake pazcAta / usa samaya bhadrabAhukA astitva kisI bhI taraha saMbhava nanI hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara sAhityameM mampratiko jaina dharmakA mahAn uddhAraka likhA hai| Arya suhastIne use jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thaa| kintu eka to zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoMke anusAra bhadrabAha zratakevalIke 75 varSa pazcAt Arya suhastI paTTAsIna hue the| dUsare, sampratike rAjapATa tyAga kara jina dIkSA lenekA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| tIsare, sampratikA candragupta nAma bhI kahIM nahIM milatA, zvetAmbara sAhityameM samprati nAmase hI usakA ullekha milatA hai| ataH bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA samakAlIna candragupta nAmaka rAjA maurya samrATa candragupta hI ho sakatA hai| itihAsameM usakI rAjya samAptikA ullekha nahIM milatA aura na usakI mRtyu honekA hI nirdeza hai| isase yaha bahuta saMbhava mAnA jAtA hai ki usane rAjya tyAgakara zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuse muni dIkSA lii| DA0 smithane ( Aksa0 hi0 i0, pR0 75-76 ) likhA thA'candragupta mauryakA rAjyakAla kisa prakAra samApta huA isapara

Page #370
345 prAcArya kAla gaNanA ThIka prakAza ekamAtra jaina kathAoMse hI par3atA hai| jainiyoMne sadaiva ukta maurya samrATako bimbasArake sadRza jaina dharmAvalambI mAnA hai aura unake isa vizvAsako jhUTha kahaneke liye koI upayukta kAraNa nahIM hai| isameM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM hai ki zaizunAga nanda aura maurya rAjavaMzoMke samayameM jainadharma magadha prAntameM bahuta jora para thaa|x x eka bAra jahA~ candraguptake. dharmAvalambI honekI bAta mAna lI tahA~ phira unake rAjyako tyAmakara jaina vidhike anusAra sallekhanA vidhike dvArA maraNa karanekI bAta sahaja hI vizvasanIya ho jAtI hai| jaina graMtha kahate haiM ki jaba bhadrabAhukI dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSavAlI bhaviSyavANI uttara bhArata meM saca hone lagI taba AcArya bAraha hajAra jainiyoM ( muniyoM) ko sAtha lekara anya sudezakI khojameM dakSiNako cala pdd'e| mahArAja ca dragupta rAjya tyAga kara saMghake sAtha ho liye| yaha saMgha zravaNabelagola phuNcaa| yahA~ bhadrabAhune zarIra tyAga kiyaa| rAjarSi candraguptane unase bAraha varSa pIche samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| isa kathAkA samarthana zravaNavela golA Adike nAmoM, IsAkI sAtavIM zatAbdIke uparAntake lekhoM tathA dasavIM zatAbdIke granthoMse hotA hai| isakI prAmANikatA sarvataH pUrNa nahIM kahI jA sktii| kintu bahuta kucha soca vicAra karanepara merA jhukAva isa kathanakI mukhya bAtoMko svIkAra karanekI ora hai| yaha to nizcita hI hai ki jaba IsvI pUrva 322 meM yA usake lagabhaga candragupta siMhAsanArUr3ha hue the taba ve taruNa the| ataeva jaba 24 varSake pazcAt unake rAjyakAlakI samApti huI taba ve pacAsa varSakI avasthAse nIce hI hoNge| ataH itanI kama avasthAmeM unakA rAjya tyAga dene aura lupta ho jAnekA ukta kAraNa hI pratIta hotA hai| rAjAoMke isa prakAra virakta ho jAneke anya bhI udAharaNa haiM / aura bAraha varSa

Page #371
346 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kA durbhikSa bhI avizvasanIya nahIM hai / saMkSepameM anya koI vRttAnta upalabdha na honeke kAraNa isa kSetrameM jaina kathana hI sarvopari pramANa hai|' ( jai0 zi0 saM0, bhAga 1, bhUmikA pR0 68-70 se ) DA0 smithane sAtavIM zatIke jina zilAlekhoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai unameM zrabaNa velagolAke candragiripara sthita pArzvanAtha vastIke pAsakA zilAlekha ( naM0 1 ) isa sambandhameM sabase prAcIna pramANa hai| yaha lekha zravaNa velagolAke zilAlekhoMmeM sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / isameM likhA hai-'mahAvIra svAmIke pazcAt gautama, lohArya, jambU, viSNudeva, aparAjita, govarddhana, bhadrabAhu vizAkha pro.SThala, kRtikArya, jaya, siddhArtha, dhRtiSeNa, buddhilAdi guru paramparAmeM honevAle bhadrabAhuke traikAlyadarzI nimitta jJAnake dvArA ujjanImeM yaha kathana kiye jAnepara ki vahA~ bAraha varSakA durbhikSa par3anevAlA hai, sAre saMghane uttarAyaNase dakSiNa pathako prasthAna kiyA aura kramase vaha bahuta samRddhiyukta janapadameM phuNcaa| bhadrabAhu svAmI saMghako Age bar3hanekI AjJA dekara Apa prabhAcandra nAmaka eka ziSya sahita kaTavaprapara Thahara gaye aura unhoMne vahIM samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| dvitIya bhadrabAhukI sthiti isa zilAlekhameM bhadrabAhuko zrutakevalI na batalAkara nimitta. jJAnI batalAyA hai tathA candraguptake sthAnameM prabhAcandra nAmakA prayoga kiyA hai| kintu zravaNa velAgolAke zilAlekha naM0 17, 1- zrI bhadrabAhu sacandragupta munIndrayugma ... /

Page #372
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 347 18, 40, 54 aura 108' meM bhadgabAhuko zrutakevalI tathA candraguptako unakA ziSya batalAyA hai / yahA~ yaha spaSTIkaraNa kara denA ucita hogA ki di0 paTTAvalimeM bhadrabAhu nAmake do AcAryoMkA ullekha 5-'zrI bhadraH sarvato yo hi bhadrabAhuriti shrutH| zrutakevali nAtheSu caramaH paramo muniH // 4 // 'candraprakAzojjvala sAndra kI zrI candragupto'jani tasya ziSyaH / " 2-yo bhadrabAhuH zratakevalInAM munIzvarANAbhiha pazcimo'pi / apazcimo'bhUd viduSAM vinetA sarvazrutArthapratipAdanena // 8 // tadIya ziSyo jani candraguptaH samagrazIlAnatadevavRddhaH / -jai0 zi0 saM0, bhAga 1 / 3-ti0 pa0 a0 4, gA0 1490, zrutaskandha gA0 76, zrutAva0 zloka 83, ja0 dha0, bhAga 1, pRSTha 86, dhavalA pu0 1, pRSTha 66 meM dvitIya bhadrabAhukA nAma nahIM AyA / 'jahabAhu', jayabAhu, jasabAhu nAma pAyA jAtA hai / bhadrabAhu nAma kevala paTTAvalImeM pAyA jAtA hai / ti0 50 Adike anusAra yaha jayabAhu ( bhadrabAhu ) AcArAMgadhAriyoMkI paramparAmeM tIsare the / aura mahAvIra nirvANase 62+100+183+ 2.0 % 565 parSoM ke pazcAt AcArAMgadhAriyoM kI paramparA prArambha huI / tathA cAra AcArAMgadhAriyoMkA kAla 118 varSa batalAyA hai / ataH yadi antima AcArAMgadhAro lohAcAryakA kAla 50 varSa mAnA jAye to 118-50 = 68 varSako 565 meM jor3anese ( 565 +68-633) mahAvIra nirvANase 633 varSa pazcAt dUsare bhadrabAhukA antakAla AtA hai| arthAt 633-527%3D106 I0 yA 633--470 =163 vikrama samsatmeM dvitIya bhadrabAhukA maraNa huaa| kintu nandI saMghakI pahAvalImeM sAmUhika kAla ke sAtha hI sAtha pratyeka prAcAryakA pRthak 2 kAla bhI diyA hai| kintu usameM prathama tIna kevaliyoM, pA~ca zruta keva

Page #373
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA milatA hai, eka to antima zruta kevalI bhadrabAhu, aura dUsare ve bhadrabAhu haiM, jinase sarasvatI gacchakI nandi AmnAyakI paTTAvalI liyoM aura gyAraha dazapUrviyoMkA samaya to kramazaH vahI 62+ 100 + 183 varSa batalAyA gayA hai aura usakA jor3a 345 varSa kahA hai / isake aAge jina pA~ca ekAdaza aMgadhAriyoMkA samaya anyatra 220 varSa batalAyA hai , yahA~ unakA samaya 123 varSa batalAyA hai| inake pazcAt Ageke jina cAra zrAcAryoM ko anyatra AcArAMgadhArI kahA hai unheM yahA~ (naM0 paTTA0 ) dasa, nau aura ATha aMgake dhArI kahA hai / tathA inakA samaya bhI 118 varSake sthAna meM 66 varSa kahA hai| isa pahAvalIkI kAla gaNanAke anusAra vIra nirvANase 62+180 + 183 + 123+ 24 = 462 varSake pazcAt dvitIya bhadrabAhu hue aura unakA kAla 23 varSa batalAyA hai| arthAt 527-462 IsvI sanse 35 varSa pUrva yA vikrama samvat 462-470%D22 meM dvitIya bhadrabAhu hue / kintu paTTAvalAmeM 'likhA hai 'bahuri mahAvIra svAmI pIche 492 cyAri se vANa varSa gaye, subhadrAcAryakA rtamAna varSa 24 so vikrama janma taiM bAvIsa varSa / bahuri tA kA rAjya te 4 varSa dUsarA bhadrabAhu huaA jAnanA / ( iM0 e0, ji0 21, pR0 57 Adi ) zrAzaya yaha hai ki isa paTTAvalImeM 'taduktaM vikrama prabandhe' likhakara do gAthAe~ udbata kI haiM, jinameM batalAyA hai ki vIra 'nirvANase 470 varSa pazcAt vikramakA janma huzrA, 8 varSa taka bAlakor3A kI: 16 varSa taka bhramaNa kiyA aura 56 varSa taka rAjya kiyaa| isa pramANa ke anusAra vikramakA janma vIra nirvANa saM0 470 meM huaa| ataH ( 462-470 = 22 ) vikramake janmase 22 varSa pIche subhadrA. cAryakA anta huA / tatpazcAt bhadrabAhu dvitIya paTTapara baitthe| tathA 18 varSakI umra meM vikramakA rAjyArohaNa huzrA / ataH (22-18% 4) vikramake rAjyake 4 varSa bItanepara dvitIya bhadrabAhu pahAsIna hue / vikrama

Page #374
zrAcArya kAla gaNanA 346. prArambha hotI hai / dUsare bhadrabAhukA samaya IzvI sanse 53 varSa pUrva pAyA jAtA hai / ataH donoM bhadrabAhuoM ke madhya meM tIna zatA ke rAjyArohaNase vikrama sambatkA calana mAnakara DA0 plITa vagairaine vi0 saM0 4 yA IsvI pUrva 53 meM dvitIya bhadrabAhukA honA mAnA hai / kintu vIra nirvANa samvat aura vikrama samvat ke madhya 470 varSake antara 18 varSakI vRddhi kara denese athavA vIra nirvANa se 488 varSa pazcAt vikrama samvatkA pracalita honA mAnanese jo naI zrApattiyA~ uTha khar3I hotI haiM unakA nirdeza zrI jugalakizora mukhtArane ( anekAnta, varSa 1, vi0 1, pRSTha 19 meM ) spaSTa rUpa se kiyA hai / ataH vIra nirvANase 470 varSa pazcAt vikrama samvatkI pravRtti mAnanA hI ucita hai aura tadanusAra vikrama samvat 22 se vi0 saM0 45 taka bhadrabAhu dvitIyakA kAla zrAtA hai / sarasvatI gacchakI paTTAvalI meM inheM brAhmaNa batalAyA hai tathA zrAyu. 77 varSa batalAI hai / ka0 ko0 kI kathAke zrutakebalI bhadrabAhu bhI brAhmaNa the / aura zvetAmbara paramparAke tathokta zrutakevalI aura varAha mihira ke bhAI bhadrabAhu bhI brAhmaNa the / unakI Ayu bhI 76 varSa batalAI hai | sarasvatIcchukI paTTAvalI meM bhadrabAhuke ziSya ke tIna nAma batalAye haiM - guptigupta, ali aura vizAkhAcArya / zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke ziSyakA nAma bhI vizAkhAcArya thA tathA digambara jaina granthoke jasavAhu zrAdi aura naM0 saM0 paTTAvalI ke bhadrabAhu ( dvitIya ) ke ziSyakA nAma lohAcArya thA / nandi paTTAvalI ke anusAra lohAca. yake ziSya dvili aura zradvalike ziSya mAghanandi the / kintu sarasvatI ga0 paTTAvalI meM lohAcAryako umAsvAmIke pazcAt rakhA hai jo kisI bhI taraha ThIka nahIM hai | ataH dvitIya bhadrabAhu aura unake ziSya guptigupta kI sthiti sarvathA sadagdha nahIM hai / yadi dUsare bhadrabAhu varAhamihira ke bhAI the, to kahanA hogA ki digambara paramparA ke dvitIya bhadrabAhu zvetAmbara paramparAke:

Page #375
350 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bdiyoMkA antarAla hai| inake ziSyakA nAma guptigupta pAyA jAtA hai| DA0 plITake matAnusAra ye dvitIya bhadrabAhu hI dakSiNa gaye the aura unake ziSya guptiguptakA hI nAmAMtara candragupta thaa| muni kalyANa vijaya jIne bhI isI matakA samarthana kiyA hai| kintu unhoMne dvitIya bhadrabAhuke IsvI pUrva 53 meM athavA vikramakI prathama zatImeM honeko galata batalAyA hai kyoMki zvetAmbarIya sAhityameM bhadrabAhuko jyotiSI varAhamihirakA bhAI likhA hai aura varAhamihirakA kAla zaka samvat 427 ( I0505) nizcita hai| jaise digambara jaina paramparAmeM dvitIya bhadrabAhuko caramanimitta dhara likhA hai vaise hI zvetAmbara paramparAmeM bhI bhadrabAhuko nimitavettA aura bhadrabAhu saMhitAkA kartA likhA hai| kintu ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki zvetAmbara granthakAroMne varAhamihirake bhAI nimittavettA bhadrabAhu ko hI zrutakevalI bhI likhA hai / aura yaha bhUla naI nahIM haiM. bahuta purAnI hai| isI bhUlake kAraNa niyuktiyoMkA kartA bhI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuko hI samajhA jAtA rahA hai, jisakA parimArjana vRhat kalpasUtrake do bhAgakI prastAvanAmeM muni puNyavijaya jIne yukti puraHsara kiyA hai| bhadrabAhu sambandhI isa cirakAlIna bhUlake phalasvarUpa bhadrabAhu kA jIvanavRtta taka asta vyasta ho gayA pratIta hotA hai| udAharaNake liye zvetAmbara paramparAmeM bhadrabAhuke gurukA nAma yazobhadra hai| kintu digambara paramparAmeM dvitIya bhadrabAhuke gurukA nAma yazobhadra hai aura zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke gurukA nAma govardhanA cArya hai| dvitIya bhadrabAhuse bhinna the kyoMki donoMke madhyameM bhI kaI zatAbdiyoMkA antarAla hai|

Page #376
AcArya kAla gaNanA 351 zravaNa velagolAke jisa zilAlekha naM0 1 kA Upara jikra kiyA usase bhI aisA artha nikala sakatA hai ki zAyada dUsare bhadrabAhu dakSiNako gaye the ! jaisA ki DA0 plITa aura muni kalyANa vijaya jIkA bhI mata hai / parantu yaha mata bhI ApattipUrNa hai kyoMki prathama to dvitIya bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM caMdragupta nAmake kisI rAjAkA koI saMketa nahIM milatA, dUsare caMdragupta aura gupti guptako eka mAnaneke liye bhI koI pramANa nahIM hai, tIsare jisa durbhikSake kAraNa bhadrabAhako uttarApathase dakSiNApathako jAnA par3A, dvitIya bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM usa durbhikSakA koI nirdeza nahIM miltaa| ina kAraNoMse hI DA0 phlITake matako vidvAnoMkA samarthana nahIM mila sakA / ataH hariSeNa kathA kozameM jo bhadrabAhukI kathA dI hai usameM prAmANikatA hai / yadyapi usameM candraguptako ujjainIkA rAjA batalAyA hai, kintu yaha kathana bhI Apattijadaka nahIM haiM, kyoMki hama pahale batalA Aye haiM ki zizunAgavaMza aura nandavaMzake rAjya meM ujjainIkA rAjya bhI sammilita thA / tathA yadyapi candragupta 'maurya kI pradhAna rAjadhAnI to pATalIputra hI thI, kintu kucha anya rAjadhAniyA~ bhI thIM, jinameM ujjanakA nAma bhI hai aura jo pazcima khaNDakI rAjadhAnI thI ( mA0 i0rU0 bhA0 2, pR0 558 ) / phira kathAmeM candraguptako ujjainIkA rAjA nahIM batalAyA / balki yaha batalAyA hai ki jaba bhadrabAhu ujjainI meM padhAre to usa samaya usa nagara meM mahAna zrAvaka rAjA candragupta thA / ataH usase yaha bhI dhvanita hotA hai ki usa samaya candragupta ujjaina AyA huA thA / maurya candraguptakA jaina zramaNoMke prati vizeSa AkarSaNa thA yaha itihAsa siddha hai / megasthanIjane, jo candraguptake darabAra meM selyU

Page #377
352 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kasakA rAjadUta thA, likhA hai ki ye zramaNa brAhmaNoM aura bauddhoMse bhinna the inakA mahArAja candraguptake sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha thA / ve svayaM athavA apane anucaroMke dvArA bar3I vinaya tathA bhaktike sAtha zramaNoMkI pUjA kiyA karate the| mi0 jArja sI0 ema0 varDavukane likhA hai- 'candragupta aura vindusAra donoM jaina the| kintu candraguptake pautra azokane bauddha dharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| ___ DA0 jAyasavAlane likhA hai-'ye maurya mahArAja vedoMke karmakANDako nahIM mAnate the aura na brAhmaNoMkI jAtiko apanese U~cA mAnate the / bhAratake ye vrAtya avaidika kSatriya sAvakAlika sAmrAjya akSaya 'dharmavijaya' sthApita karanekI kAmanAvAle hue| (mau0 sA0 i0 kI bhUmikA ) - candragupta mauryako jaba jaina aura bauddha kSatriya batalAte haiM taba brAhmaNa purANa use murA nAmakI dAsIkA putra batalAte haiN| mudrArAkSasa nATakase prakaTa hai ki cANakya candraguptako vRSala kahatA thaa| jina kSatriya jAtiyoMpara brAhmaNoMkA kopa huA ve vRSala khlaaii| ina saba bAtoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki candragupta maurya brAhmaNa dharmAvalambI nahIM thaa| zeSa rahe bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma / so mauryavaMzameM bauddha dharmakA praveza azokake dvArA huaa| candraguptakA pUrvAdhikArI nanda jaina thA, yaha bAta khAravelake zilAlekhase spaSTa hai, kyoMki usa zilAlekhakI 12vIM paMktimeM batalAyA hai ki nanda kaliMgapara car3hAI karake kaliMga jinakI mUrti le gayA thA / bRhaspati mitrako harAkara khAravela usa mUrtiko punaH kaliMga le aayaa| isa ghaTanAse zrI jAyasavAla ne yaha siddha kiyA hai ki nanda rAjA jaina the| ( ja0 vi0 u0 ri0 so, ji0 13, pR0 245) ataH pATalIputrake rAja gharAnemeM candraguptase pahalese hI jaina

Page #378
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 353 dharma pracalita thaa| zAyada isIse purANoM meM mahApadma nandake viSayameM likhA hai ki 'abase zUdra rAjA hoNge| astu, ___ isake sivAya prAcIna di0 jaina grantha tiloyaparaNatimeM likhA hai ki 'mukuTadhArI rAjAoMmeM antima rAjA candraguptane jina dIkSA dhAraNa kii| isake pazcAt mukuTadhAriyoMne dIkSA grahaNa nahIM kii| ___ yaha prAcIna ullekha bhI isa bAtako pramANita karatA hai ki candragupta nAmaka rAjAne jina dIkSA dhAraNa kI thii| usake pazcAt kisI rAjAne jina dIkSA dhAraNa nahIM kii| yaha ullekha bhI hariSeNa kathAkoza aura zravaNavelagolAke zilAlekhoMmeM ullikhita candraguptakA hI nirdezaka hai, kyoMki usa eka candraguptake sivAya kisI anya candraguptake jina dIkSA dhAraNa karanekA koI saMketa nahIM hai, aura vaha candragupta bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA laghu samakAlIna maurya samrATa candragupta hI hai| tathA ti0pa0 meM ukta gAthA aise prakaraNase sambaddha hai jisakA sambandha bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANa pazcAt honevAlI AcAryake paramparAse hai| usa prakaraNameM sabase prathama bhagavAn mahAvIrake 1-mahAnandisutazcApi zUdrAyAM kalikAMzajaH / utpatsyate mahApadmaH sarvakSatrAntako nRpH| tataH prabhRti rAjAno bhaviSyAH zUdrayonayaH / ekarAT sa mahApadmo ekacchatro bhaviSyati // -matsya pu0, 271 a0| 2-'mauDadharesu carimo jiNadikkhaM dharadi caMdagutto ya / tatto mauDadharAdu pavvajjaM Neva geNhati / / 1481 // -ti0 50, 104 /

Page #379
354 0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA nirvANake pazcAt kramase honevAle tIna kevalajJAniyoMkA nirdeza hai| usake pazcAt batalAyA hai ki antima kevalajJAnI zrIdhara hue, antima cAraNa RSi supArzvacandra hue, antima prajJAzramaNa vajrayaza hue aura aMtima avadhijJAnI zrI nAmaka RSi hue| tatpazcAt aMtima caMdragupta rAjAke dIkSA lenevAlI gAthA hai| usake pazcAt kramase honevAle pA~ca zrutakevaliyoMkA nirdeza hai, jinameM aMtima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu the| __bhagavAna mahAvIrake nirvANagamanake 3 varSa 8 // mAsa pazcAt paMcamakAla prArambha huaa| paMcamakAlameM Rddhi siddhikA yoga kvacit hI hotA hai| caturthakAlameM utpanna hue manuSya paMcamakAlameM mukta ho sakate haiM, jaise jmbuusvaamii| kintu paMcama kAlake janme hue jIva mukti prApta nahIM kara sakate / isI taraha RddhiyoMkA lAbha bhI uttarottara hIna hotA hotA banda ho jAtA hai| ataH kevalI aura zruta kevaliyoMke madhyameM jina antima viziSTa vyaktiyoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai, mahAvIra nirvANase kaI zatAbdI pazcAt unakA honA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| bahuta saMbhava to yahI pratIta hotA hai ki zruta kevaliyoMke thor3e bahuta Age yA pIche hI ve mahApuruSa hue hoM aura zAyada isIlie unakA nirdeza antima kevalIke pazcAt tathA zruta kevaliyoMke pahale kiyA hai| aura isa dRSTise bhI jina dIkSA lenevAle antima rAjA candragupta zra takebalI bhadrabAhuke samayameM honevAle maurya candragupta hI ho sakate haiN| ataH bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI aura maurya candraguptakI samakAlInatAmeM koI sandeha karanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA / khAravelake zilAlekhase samarthana isake sivAya digambara tathA zvetAmbara anuzrutiyA~ yaha bata

Page #380
zrAcArya kAla gaNanA 355 lAtI haiM ki bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM bAraha varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3A aura usake kAraNa bahuta sA zruta vicchinna ho gayA / khAravela ke hAthIguphAvAle zilAlekhakI 16 vIM paMkti meM Agata eka vAkyako pahale isa prakAra par3hA gayA thA - 'muriyakAlaM vochinaM (neM ? ) coyaThi agasa nikaMtariyaM upAdAyAti / ' aura isakA artha kiyA gayA thA - mukhyikAla ke 164veM varSako vaha pUrNa karatA hai ( zi0 le0 saM0 bhA0 2 ) kintu pIche zrIjAyasavAla ne bar3e zrama sAtha adhyayana karake isakA saMzodhana isa prakAra kiyA 'muriyakAla vo chinaM ca coyaThi aMga satikaM turiyaM upAdayati / ' aura usakA artha batalAyA - mauryakAla meM vicchinna hue causaTha bhAgavAle caugune aMgasaptikakA usane uddhAra kiyA / ' athavA turiyakA artha caturtha (pUrva ) bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai. jisake 64 bhAgoM meM sAta athavA sau yA 164 aMga the / ' ina arthoM ko karake zrI jAyasavAla ne likhA hai- jaina AgamoMke itihAsake aura adhika gahare adhyayana se hama yaha nirNaya karane meM samartha hoMge ki ina tInoM meM se kauna sA artha grAhya hai / kintu candragupta ke samaya meM jaina mUla granthoMke vinAzako lekara jaina paramparA meM jo vivAda calatA hai, usakA lekhake ukta pAThase Azcaryajanaka samarthana hotA hai / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki ur3IsA jaina dharmake usa sampradAyakA anuyAyI thA, jisane candraguptake rAjya meM pATalIputra meM honevAlI vAcanAmeM saMkalita AgamoMko svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA / ' (ja0 vi0 u0ri0 so0 ji0 13, pR0 236 ) / ukta zilAlekha ukta pAThase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki diga mbara tathA zvatAmbara paramparAmeM bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIke samaya se zratakA viccheda honekI jo anuzra tiyA~ haiM, ve mauryakAla se sambaddha 2

Page #381
356 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA haiM aura isaliye bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA candragupta mauryake kAla meM honA siddha hai| Uparake samasta vivecanake AdhArapara yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki AcAryoMkI kAla gaNanAmeM avazya hI kucha bhUla hai| yadyapi di0 jaina granthoM aura paTTAvaliyoMmeM jo vIra nirmANake pazcAt honevAle jainAcAryoMkI kAla gaNanA dI hai, jisake anusAra vIra nirvANake pazcAt 683 varSa taka aMgajJAnakI paramparA cAlU rahI, vaha sarvatra ekarUpa pAI jAtI hai, usameM aisI guMjAIza nahIM dikhAI par3atI, jisake AdhAra para kucha varSoM kI bhUla pramANita kI jA ske| kintu nandisaMghakI prAkRta paTTAvalI anya saba paTTAvaliyoMse vilakSaNa hai aura prAcAryoMke kAla nirNayameM yadi usakA upayoga kiyA jAye to bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI aura candragupta mauryakI samakAlInatA bana sakatI hai, kintu hai vaha kliSTa kalpanA hii| anya di0 jaina granthoMke anusAra mahAvIra nirvANake pazcAt lohAcArya taka 683 varSa pUre hote haiN| kintu nandi paTTA0 ke anusAra vIra nirvANase lohAcArya taka 565 varSa hI hote haiN| isa taraha donoM kAla gaNanAoMmeM 118 varSakA antara hai| kintu yaha antara kevala ekAdaza aMgadhArI tathA anya jaina granthoMke anusAra AcArAgaMdhArI kintu nandi paTTA0 ke anusAra dasa nau ATha aMgadhArI AcAryoMke ho kAlameM hai| 3 kevalI, 5 zrutakevalI aura 11 dasa pUrvadhArI AcAryokI kAla gaNanAmeM koI antara nahIM hai| kintu yadi isa 118 varSa meM se jo nandi paTTA0 ke anusAra arhadbalise lekara bhUtavali paryaMta pA~ca AcAryoko diye gaye haiM-50 varSa pA~ca zrutakevaliyoM meM sammilita kara diye jAyeM to AcArya kAlagaNanAke anusAra bhI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura caMdraguptamauryakI samakAlInatA

Page #382
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 357 bana jAtI hai| aura pA~ca zrutakevaliyoMke batalAye gaye 100 varSa kAlameM 50 varSakI vRddhi koI adhika nahIM hai kyoMki Age pA~ca ekAdaza aMgadhAriyoMkA kAla do sau bIsa varSa batalAyA gayA hai, jo pA~ca zrutakevaliyoMke kAlase dUnese bhI adhika hai| yadi ina donoM kAloMkA samIkaraNa kara diyA jAye to donoMkA kAla 160160 varSa ho jAtA hai| isa taraha yadi pA~ca zrutakevaliyoMkA kAla eka sau sATha varSa ho jAtA hai to samasyA sulajha jAtI hai aura 60 varSakI kamI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kintu zvetAmbara paraMparA meM bhI bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA lagabhaga vahI kAla mAnA jAtA hai jo digambara paramparAmeM mAnA jAtA hai| isIse AcArya hemacaMdrako bhagavAna mahAvorake nirvANase caMdugupta mauryake rAjya takakI rAja. kAla gaNanAmeM 60 varSa kama karanA pdd'e| hemacandrane vIra nirvANase eka sau pacapana varSa pazcAt candragupta rAjAko honA likhA hai tathA vIra nirvANase eka sau sattara varSa bItanepara bhadrabAhukA svargagata honA likhA hai / ataH hameM zvetAmbarIya kAla gaNanAko bhI dekhanA hogaa| ___ zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoMke anusAra vIra nirvANase 215 varSa paryantakI rAjyakAla gaNanA aura AcArya kAla gaNanA isa prakAra haiM 1-pAlaka' 60+ navananda 155 = 215 varSa / 2 - gautama 12+ sudharmA 8+ jambU 44+ prabhava 11+ zayyaMbhava 23 + yazobhadra 50 + saMbhUti vijaya 8+ bhadrabAhu 14+ sthUlabhadra 45 = 215 varSa / tatpazcAt maurya rAjyakAla 108 varSameM-mahAgiri 30, suhasti 46, guNasundara 32 /

Page #383
358 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA AryasuhastI aura samprati kalpasUtra sthavirAvalIke anusAra Arya yazobhadrake doziSya the-saMbhUti vijaya aura bhdrbaahu| saMbhUti vijayake ziSyakA nAma sthUlabhadra thaa| aura sthUlabhadrake do ziSya the-Arya mahAgiri aura suhstii| Arya bhadrabAhukA svargavAsa vIra nirvANase 170 varSa pazcAt huaa| sthUlabhadra bIra nirvANa 170 se 215 taka AcArya padapara rhe| unake pazcAt Arya mahAgiri 30 varSa taka aura tatpazcAt suhastI 46 varSa taka paTTAsIna rhe| ___zvetAmbarIya ullekhoMke anusAra sthUlabhadra antima nandake maMtrI zakaTAlake putra the| aura unake ziSya suhastIne azokake pautra sampratiko jaina dharmameM dIkSita karake jaina dharmakA mahAna uddhAra karAyA thaa| sthUlabhadrakA svargavAsa candraguptake rAjyakAlameM huA aura candraguptake rAjyakAla meM hI Arya suhastIne unase dIkSA lii| tatpazcAt Arya suhastI sampratike rAjyakAla taka jIvita rahe / arthAt Arya' suhastIne candragupta maurya, tatputra vindusAra, tatputra azoka aura azokake pautra sampratikA rAjyakAla dekhaa| zrI jAyasavAla jIne candraguptakA rAjyakAla I0 pU0 326 se 302 taka tathA sampratikA rAjyakAla I0 pU0 220 se 211 taka ThaharAyA hai| arthAt candragupta aura sampratike madhyameM eka zatAbdI 1-paTTA0 samu0, pR0 17 / 2-zvetAmbara candragupta ke rAjyAbhiSeka aura suhastIkI mRtyuke bIcameM 110 yA 106 varSakA antara ginate haiM / (pari. parva0, jekobI kI prastAvanA )

Page #384
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 356 kA antara hai| isa sudIrgha kAlakI pUrtike liye muni zrI kalyANa vijaya jIne Arya suhastIke sAtha sthUlabhadrakI saMgati baiThAneke liye AcArya padArohaNa kAlakI samAptike pazcAt bhIsthUlabhadrako jIvita mAnA hai| phira bhI sampratike itihAsa sammata kAlake sAtha Arya suhastIkI saMgati nahIM baiTha sakI hai , kyoMki muni jIne vIra nirvANake 26zve varSameM suhastIkA svargavAsa mAnA hai| aura itihAsake anusAra (527-201 = 236 I0 pU0) usI varSa azokakA anta huA thaa| jAyasavAla jIne likhA hai ki jaina rikArDoMmeM isake spaSTa cinha haiM ki samprati candraguptake 105 varSa pazcAt arthAt azokakI mRtyuke 16 varSa bAda rAjyAsana para baiThA ( ja0 vi0 u0 ri0 so0, ji0 1, pR0 64-65) vAyu purANa aura tArAnAtha Adike anusAra azokakA utta. rAdhikArI usakA beTA kunAla thA / usakA rAjyakAla pATha barasa likhA hai| viSNu purANake anusAra azokakA potA dazaratha thaa| matsya purANameM bhI usakA nAma hai / bAravara (gayA jilA) ke pAsa nAgArjunI pahAr3I para dazarathakI banavAI huI tIna guphAe~ hai jinameM usake dAna sUcaka abhilekha haiN| divyAvadAna aura zve, jaina anuzrutike anusAra azokakA potA samprati thaa| matsya aura viSNu purANameM dazarathake bAda samprati yA saMgatakA nAma hai| jAyasavAla jIne isakA yaha pariNAma nikAlA hai ki samprati dazarathakA choTA bhAI aura uttarAdhikArI thaa| ataH unhoMne azokake pazcAt 8 varSa taka kunAlakA, usake bAda 8 varSa taka dazarathakA aura usake bAda sampratikA rAjyakAla ThaharAyA hai| __ zvetAmbarIya sAhityameM sampratikI kathA isa prakAra dI haiArya suhastIne kauzAmbI nagarImeM AhArake abhilASI eka daridra

Page #385
360 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA vyaktiko dIkSA dI / vaha marakara kuNAlakA putra huaa| aMdhe kuNAlane apane pitA azokase rAjya mA~gA / azokane kahAaMdheko rAjyase kyA prayojana ? kuNAla bolA- maiM apane putrake liye rAjya mA~gatA hU~ / mere samprati ( abhI ) putra huA hai / isa parase azokane usakA nAma 'samprati' rkhaa| bar3A hone para samprati ujjainIkA rAjA huaa| eka bAra Arya suhastI ujjainI meM pdhaare| sampratine unheM dekhA aura use pUrva janmakA smaraNa ho AyA / sampratine Arya suhastise zrAvakake vrata dhAraNa kiye aura unakA parama bhakta bana gayA / apane pUrva janmake dAridryakA smaraNa karake sampratine nagara ke cAroM dvAropara bhojana zAlAe~ sthApita kIM, jinameM dIna anAtha bhojana kara sakate the I jo bhojana zeSa bacatA thA vaha bhojanazAlA ke prabandhakoMkA hotA thA / yaha jAnakara rAjAne yaha AjJA dI ki jo anna zeSa bace vaha sAdhuoM ko diyA jAye, kyoMki sAdhu loga 'rAjapiNDa' honese mere ghara bhojana nahIM krte| isI taraha sampratine saba vyApAriyoMmeM yaha ghoSaNA karA dI ki sAdhuoMko anna-pAna; tela aa vagairaha binA mUlya diyA jAye aura usakA mUlya rAjakoSa se liyA jAye / aba sAdhuoM ko pracura mAtrA meM saba Avazyaka vastue~ milane lagIM to Arya mahAgirine artha suhastise isakA kAraNa pUchAsuhastIne yaha jAnate hue bhI ki isa prakArakA anna vastra sAdhuke liye agrAhya hai, apane ziSya sampratike mohase usakA samarthana kiyaa| taba Arya mahAgirine suhastI se kahA - Apa aise bahuzruta hokara bhI yadi ziSyake mohase aisA kahate haiM to Ajase merA tumhArA visaMbhoga hai -- hama tuma eka maNDalImeM nahIM raha sakate /

Page #386
prAcArya kAla gaNanA suhastIne apane doSoMkI AlocanA karake tathA apane aparAdhakI kSamA mAMgakara Arya mahAgirise milApa kara liyaa| ( abhi0 rA0 meM 'saMgraha zabdase) __ isa kathAke anusAra to Arya mahAgiri bhI sampratike rAjya kAlameM vartamAna the| kintu paTTAvalIke anusAra sahustIse mahAgiri tIsa varSa bar3e the ataH unakA svargavAsa bhI suhastIse tIsa varSa pUrva ho cukA thA kyoMki donoMkA AyumAna sau sau varSa mAnA gayA hai aura adhika vRddhi karanekI guMjAiza nahIM hai / muni kalyANa vijaya jIne Arya mahAgirikA svargavAsa vIra nirvANAbda 261 meM aura suhastIkA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa 261 meM mAnA hai aura azokakA rAjyakAla vIra nirvANa 265 taka mAnA hai| isakA to yaha matalaba huA ki sampratine azokake rAjyakAlake andara hI rAjyapada prApta kara liyA thA aura azokane jo kucha bauddha dharmake liye kiyA, sampratine apane dAdA azokake rAjyakAlameM hI vahI saba jaina dharmake liye kiyA / kintu yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| isIse zrI jAyasavAlane likhA thA-samprati aura suhastIkA samaya ekadama galata hai| __ asalameM rAjyakAla gaNanA aura prAcArya kAla gaNanAkI saMgati baiThAneke liye hI muni kalyANa vijaya jIko kAlakI khIMcAtAnI karanI par3I hai, phira bhI vaha saMgati nahIM baiTha sakI hai| isase hamArA itanA hI Azaya hai ki prAcArya kAla gaNanAmeM avazya hI kucha varSoMkI bhUla hai aura usameM sudhAra hue binA samprati aura suhastI tathA mahAgirikI kAlAvadhi saMgata nahIM baiTha ____1-ja0 vi0 u0 ri0 so, ji0 1, pR0 104 kA phuTanoTa naM0 137 meN|

Page #387
362 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA sakatI / yadi bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkI kAlAvadhiko candragupta mauryake kAla ke sAtha sambaddha kara diyA jAtA hai to Arya mahAgiri, suhastI tathA sampratike jIvanasambandhI anuzrutiyoMkI saMgati bhI baiTha jAtI hai / naMdamaMtrI zakaTAla aba hama punaH nandake maMtrI zakaTAlakI ora Ate haiM kyoMki zvetAmbara sAhitya meM sthUlabhadrako usakA putra kahA hai / candraguptake bhAratIya AkhyAnoMke liye guNADhyakI vRhatkathA ko sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / yadyapi yaha grantha anupalabdha hai kintu usake do saMskRta rUpAMtara upalabdha hai-- eka kSemendrakI vRhatkathAmaMjarI aura dUsarA somadevakA kathA saritsAgara / yadyapi ya donoM racanAe~ IsAkI 11vIM zatI tathA usake bhI bAdakI haiN| kintu itihAsajJoMkA mata hai ki unameM vRhatkathAkI mUlavastu surakSita hai / ( bhA0 iM0 patrikA, ji0 12, pR0 310 ) guNADhne candraguptake viSayameM jo kathA dI hai vaha isa prakAra hai-- iMdradatta varSakA ziSya thA aura pANini, kAtyAyana, vararuci, aura vyADikA sahAdhyAyI thA / gurune usase dakSiNAmeM bahutasA dhana mA~gA | iMdradatta ayodhyAke rAjA nandake pAsa gayA jo ninyAnabe karor3a suvarNa mudrAoMkA svAmI thA / kintu vahA~ jAnepara use mAlUma huA ki nanda abhI abhI mara gayA hai / iMdradatta nandake mRta zarIra meM praviSTa ho gayA aura vyADi usake zarIrakI ratA karane lagA / nandake mRta zarIra meM praviSTa hone ke bAda iMdradattane vararuciko Avazyaka dhana de diyA / nandake maMtrI zakaTAlane jaba dekhA ki kRpaNa naMda bar3A udAra ho gayA hai tI use saMdeha huA /

Page #388
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 363 usa samaya naMdakA putra caMdragupta bAlaka thaa| ataH usane yaha ucita samajhA ki iMdradatta naMdake zarIrameM hI banA rahe. aura isaliye zakaTAlane chalase iMdradattakA zarIra jalA diyaa| iMdradattane zakaTAlako usake putroMke sAtha eka kUpameM DAla diyA , aura unheM thor3A sA bhojana dene lgaa| zakaTAlake saba putroMne svayaM bhojana na karake apane pitAko bhojana grahaNa karaneke liye vivaza kiyA, jisase vaha badalA le sake / vararuci iMdradattakA maMtrI thA vaha svayaM zAsanakA bhAra uThAne meM asamartha thA, ataH usane iMdradattapara dabAva DAlA ki vaha zakaTAlako punaH maMtrI bnaave| iMdradatta ina donoM maMtriyoMko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara yogAnaMdake rUpameM viSayAsakta ho gyaa| _ 'eka bAra vararuci iMdradattakA kopabhAjana bnaa| iMdradattane usake vadhakI AjJA de dii| kiMtu zakaTAlane vararuciko chipAkara usakI rakSA kii| vararucikI mRtyukI jhUThI khabara pAkara usake sambaMdhiyoMne bhI prANa tyAga diye| isase iMdradattakI bar3I badanAmI huI / taba zakaTAlane cANakyakI sahAyatAse yogAnanda aura usake putra hiraNyaguptako mAra kara caMdraguptako usake pitAke rAjyAsanapara baitthaayaa| vRhatkathAmeM zakaTAlase cANakyake bheMTakI kathA isa prakAra pAI jAtI hai-'zakaTAlane cANakyako eka kaTIlI ghAsakI jar3e khodate dekhA, jo usake pairameM cubha gaI thii| use apane matalabakA vyakti samajhakara zakaTAlane yogAnaMdake mahala meM honevAle zrAddhake lie nimaMtrita kara diyaa| tathA guptarUpase usake sthAnapara dUsare vyaktiko baiThA diyaa| jaba cANakya AyA aura usane sthAnako ghirA huA pAyA to kruddha ho, zikhA khola naMdako naSTa karanekI

Page #389
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA pratijJA kii| zakaTAlane apanI saphAI dekara cANakyake dvArA yogAnaMda aura usake putrako maravA DAlA / ' ___ hariSeNa kRta jaina vRhatkathAkozameM bhI zakaTAlakI kathA hai / jo isa prakAra hai_ 'pATalIputrameM nanda nAmakA rAjA thaa| usake maMtrIkA nAma zakaTAla thaa| udhara vararuci, namuci, vRhaspati aura iMdradatta par3haneke liye gaye , aura vedapAraMgata honeke pazcAt guru dakSiNAke liye nandake pAsa gye| isI samaya nandakA maraNa ho gyaa| namuci nandake zarIrameM praveza karake pATalIputrameM rAjya karane lagA aura usane vararuci Adike liye eka hajAra gau pradAna kii| unhoMne ve gAyeM kisIke dvArA apane upAdhyAyake liye bhijavA diiN| aura vararuci vagairaha yogAnaMdakI sevAmeM rahane lge| ___ eka dina zakaTAlane yogAnaMdako parIkSAke liye use madirA pilA do / yogAnaMdane zakaTAlako usake sau putroMke sAtha bhayAnaka kArAgArameM DAla diyaa| pazcAt ghaTanAvaza nandane zakaTAlako kArAgArase nikAlakara punaH maMtrI banA diyaa| zakaTAla mana hI mana ruSTa hokara avasarakI tAkameM rahane lgaa| ____ eka dina vararucine nandake kahanepara kavitA pATha kiyaa| zakaTAlane avasarase lAbha uThAkara nandase kahA ki rAjan ! vararuci duSTa buddhi hai aura Apake antaHpurako naSTa karanA cAhatA hai / nanda ne vararuciko mAra DAlanekI AjJA de dii| rAjAke kiGkaroMne vararuciko to chor3a diyA aura usake badale meM kisI dUsareke prANa le liye| rAjAkA bhrama dUra honepara vararuci punaH nandakA sevaka ho gyaa| udhara zakaTAla mahApadma nAmaka jainAcAryake nikaTa sAdhu ho gyaa| eka dina zakaTAla muni bhitAke liye rAjamahalakI

Page #390
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 365 ora gaye / dveSI vararucine unheM rAjAke antaHpurameM pahu~cA diyA / jaba vaha bhojana karake cale gaye to vararucine nandase kahA ki yaha zakaTAla bhikSAke bahAnese Apake antaHpurameM ramaNa karaneke liye gayA thaa| nandane ruSTa hokara zakaTAlako mAraneke liye apane AdamI bheja diye| saba vRttAMta jAnakara zakaTAlane churIse apanA peTa phAra DAlA aura zAMtabhAvase mRtyukA AliMgana kiyaa| ___ isa kathAmeM yadyapi caMdragupta aura cANakyakA koI vRttAMta nahIM AyA, kiMtu kathAvastu guNADhyako kathAse kucha mela avazya khAtI hai| vRhatkathA kozakI racanA bhagavato ArAdhanA nAmaka eka prAcIna jaina prathameM Aye hue dRSTAMtoMke AdhAra para huI hai| usameM zakaTAla munike sambaMdhameM jo gAthA AI hai vaha isa prakAra hai sagaDAlaeNa vi tahA sattaggahaNeNa sAdhido attho / vararuha pazrogahetuM ruDhe NaMde mahApaume // 2076 / / isa gAthAkA artha spaSTa hai ki-'vararucike prayogake dvArA mahApadma nandake ruSTa ho jAne para zakaTAlane bhI zastra grahaNake dvArA apanA prayojana siddha kiyaa| kiMtu ArAdhanAke TIkAkAra zrI aparAjita sUriko sambhavatayA zakaTAla aura mahApadmanandake jIvana vRttAMtakA paricaya nahIM thaa| zAyada isIse unhoMne 'mahApaume' mahApadma dharmAcAryasya samIpe pratipannadIkSaNa' kiyA haiarthAt zakaTAlane mahApadma dharmAcAryake nikaTa dIkSA lI thii| isIse 'ruTTha NaMde' zabdoMkA artha unhoMne chor3a diyA hai| aura hariSeNako zakaTAla aura naMdakI kathA jJAta hone para bhI unhoMne apane pUrvavartI aparAjita sUrike vyAkhyAnakA hI anusaraNa apanI kathAmeM kiyA pratIta hotA hai|

Page #391
366 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva poTakA hariSeNa kRta jaina vRhatkathA kozameM cANakyakI bhI kathA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hariSeNane zakaTAlakI kathAse cANakya vAlA aMza alaga karake cANakyakI kathAkA nirmANa kiyA hai| guNADhyakI kathAmeM cANakyakA jo vRttAMta diyA hai vRhatkathAkozameM bhI cANakyakI kathAmeM vahI vRttAMta diyA hai kiMtu kathAkozameM yadyapi zakaTAlako naMdakA maMtrI batalAyA hai kiMtu zakaTAlako naMda vaMzake vinAzakA preraka na banAkara 'kavi' nAmaka eka anya maMtrIke dvArA yaha kArya karAyA gayA hai| arthAt nanda kaviko kUpameM DAlatA hai usakA parivAra mara jAtA hai aura vaha badalA leneke liye jIvita rahatA hai / nanda dvArA mukta hone para vaha punaH maMtrI banatA hai aura jaMgala meM cANakyako ghAsakI jar3eM ukhAr3atA dekhakara use apane iSTakI siddhi meM sahAyaka banAtA hai aura naMdake dvArA cANakyakA apamAna karAkara naMdavaMzakA nAza karAtA hai| zvetAmbarIya sAhityameM bhI cANakyakI kathA lagabhaga ukta prakArase hI pAI jAtI hai / tathA zakaTAlakA vRttAMta sthUlabhadrake pitAke rUpameM pAyA jAtA hai| usameM bhI zakaTAlako nauveM naMdakA maMtrI tathA vararuciko usakA prazaMsaka batalAyA hai| vararucikI karAmAtakA bhaNDAphor3a kara deneke kAraNa vararuci zakaTAlase ruSTa ho jAtA hai aura yaha mithyA pravAda phailAtA hai ki 'zakaTAla nandako mArakara rAjA honA cAhatA hai| rAjA bhI isa mithyA pravAdake kAraNa zakaTAlase ruSTa ho jAtA hai| taba zakaTAla apane vaMzako bacAneke liye apane choTe putrase kahatA hai ki jaba maiM rAjAko namaskAra karU~ taba merA sira kATa ddaalnaa| pitAke anurodhase putra vaisA hI karatA hai| zakaTAlake do putra batalAye haiM, choTA putra nandakA maMtrI bana jAtA hai aura bar3A putra sthUlabhadra 30 varSakI vayameM sAdhu ho jAtA hai|

Page #392
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 367 UparakI kathAoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki zakaTAla mahApadmananda athavA aMtima nandakA maMtrI thaa| aMtima zaizunAka rAjAkA uttarAdhikArI mahApadmananda thaa| purANoMke anusAra vaha mahAnandIkA zUdrAse paidA huA beTA thaa| hemacandrAcAryane use (pari0 parva0, sarga 6, zlo0 202) nApitakumAra kahA hai / eka yUnAnI lekhakane likhA hai ki vaha eka nAI thA, kiMtu rAnI usapara Asakta ho gaI thI aura dhIre dhIre vaha rAjakumAroMkA abhibhAvaka banakara aMtameM unheM mArakara svayaM rAjA bana baitthaa| usakA dUsarA nAma ugrasena thA / mahApadmako purANoMmeM 'sarvakSatrAntakRt'-saba kSatriyoMkA utpATaka kahA hai| mahApadmanandake beTene kevala 12 varSa rAjya kiya / usake hI samayameM sikaMdarane bhAratavarSapara car3hAI kI aura candragupta mauryane nandavaMzakA rAjya hastagata kiyaa| (bhA0 i0 rU0, pR0 528) / ___ guNADhyakI vRhatkathA tathA jaina vRhatkathAkozako kathAmeM batalAyA hai ki jaba vararuci vagairaha nandake pAsa pahuMce to usakI mRtyu ho gii| isase aisA anumAna karanA saMbhava hai ki zakaTAlake sAmane hI mahApadmanandakI mRtyu ho gaI thI aura usake uttarAdhikArI aMtima nandakA maMtrA bhI zakaTAla thA kyoMki use nauveM arthAt antima nandakA maMtrI bhI kahA hai| mahApadmanandake samaya hI cANakyake apamAnavAlI ghaTanA ghaTI, jisameM zakaTAlakA yA usake anya sahayogIkA hAtha thaa| mahApadmake mara jAnepara usake putrakA bAraha varSa taka hI rAjya kara sakanA usI SaDyaMtrakA pariNAma thA jisakA sUtrapAta mahapadmanandake jIvanakAlameM huA thaa| zakaTAlake putra sthUlabhadrakA nAma to kyA, saMketa taka bhI digambara jaina granthoMmeM tathA jainetara sAhityameM nahIM hai| phira bhI

Page #393
368 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA yadi yaha mAna liyA jAye ki sthUlabhadra nanda maMtrI zakaTAlake putra the to ukta kathAoMko dekhate hue yaha mAnanA hogA ki mahApadma nandake samayameM zakaTAla yuvA the| mahApadmanandakA rAjyakAla IsvI pUrva 366 se prArambha hotA hai kyoMki IsvI pUrva 406 taka to nandivardhana vagairahakA rAjyakAla samApta hotA hai| unake pazcAt 43 varSa mahAnandIne rAjya kiyA aura mahAnandIkA putra mahApadmananda thaa| tathA mahApadma aura usake putroMne 40 varSa rAjya kiyA tatpazcAt IsvI pUrva 326-325 ke lagabhaga candragupta maurya magadhake siMhAsana para baiThA / ___ataH antima nandake maMtrI zakaTAlakA janma Isva' pUrva 400 se pahale nahIM honA cAhiye / kiMtu muni kalyANa vijaya jIne paTTAvaliyoMke anusAra sthUlabhadrakA janma IsvI pUrva 400 se pahale arthAt vIra nirvANake 26veM varSameM batalAyA hai| tathA tIsa varSakI avasthAmeM unhoMne dIkSA lI thii| arthAt zakaTAlake mahApadmanandakA maMtrI honese pUrva hI sthUlabhadrane dIkSA le lI thii| kiMtu zvetAmbara anuzrutike hI anusAra mahApadmanandakA roSabhAjana honeke pazcAt zakaTAlakI mRtyu honepara sthUlabhadrane dIkSA lI thii| ataH IsvI pUrva 400 ke lagabhaga zakaTAla putra sthUlabhadrakA janma honA saMbhava nahIM haiM. hA~ zakaTAlakA janma honA saMbhava hai| ataH sthUlabhadrakA janma IsvI pUrva 370 ke lagabhaga honA cAhiye / aura tIsa varSakI vayameM IsvI pUrva 340 ke lagabhaga unheM pravrajita honA caahiye| vaha samaya mahApadma nandake rAjyakA antima samaya thA aura zakaTAlane vRddhAvasthAmeM padanikSepa kiyA thaa| bAlabrahmacArI bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI bhI zakaTAlake samavayaska ho sakate haiN| unhoMne bhI sau varSake lagabhaga Ayu pAI ho yaha saMbhava hai / yadyapi

Page #394
prAcArya kAla gaNanA zvetAmbara paTTAvalImeM unakI Ayu 76 varSake lagabhaga batalAI hai, kintu sarasvatI gacchakI digambara paTTAvalImeM dvitIya bhadrabAhukI utanI hI avasthA batalAI hai aura zvetAmbara anuzrutiyoMmeM donoM bhadrabAhuoMmeM aisA gar3abar3a ghoTAlA kara diyA gayA hai ki donoMkA astitva ekameM hI garbhita ho gayA hai / ataH yaha saMbhava hai ki dvitIya bhadrabAhukI Ayu prathama bhadrabAhuko bhI de dI gaI ho / ataH bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA samaya I0 pUrva 400 se IsvI pUrva 300 ke lagabhaga hI mAnanA caahiye| arthAt vIra nirvANa 127 se 227 tk| tathA sthUlabhadrakA samaya vIra nirvANa saM0 157 se 257 taka, aura Arya suhastIkA vIra ni0 saM0 200 se 300 ke lagabhaga mAnanA caahiye| aisA mAnanese bhadrabAhu aura candragupta, sthUlabhadrake pitA zakaTAla aura antima nanda tathA Arya mahAgiri Arya suhastI aura sampratikA loka vizruta sAhacarya bana jAtA hai| AcArya hemacandrane apane pariziSTa parvameM candragupta mauryake rAjyakAla meM hI bAraha varSake durbhita, aGgoMkA saGkalana aura bhadrabAhukA svargagamana Adi batalAyA hai| kintu rAjya tyAga kara candraguptake bhadrabAhuke sAtha jAnekI carcA nahIM kI hai yadyapi candraguptakA samAdhipUrvaka maraNa batalAyA hai / isakA eka hI kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki cU~ ki isa anuzratikA digambara jaina mAnyatAke sAtha gaharA sambandha hai, ataH unhoMne ise sthAna denA ucita nahIM samajhA hogA / digambara paramparAmeM bhI aneka zvetAMba. rIya anuzrutiyoMko sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| kiMtu isase aitihAsika tathyako ojhala nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH candragupta maurya aura bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkI samakAlInatA avazya hI eka aitihAsika tathya pratIta hotI hai aura isaliye

Page #395
370 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA' donoM hI paramparAoMmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAtkI AcAya paramparAkA jo kAla diyA hai vaha nirdoSa nahIM hai| aura isaliye usake AdhAra para kisI nirdoSa tathyakA udbhAvanA karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| yahA~ hamane vIra nirvANake samayakA nirdhAraNa karanekI dRSTise pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatko hI ThIka mAnakara usake AdhArapara mahAvIra bhagavAnake samakAlIna vyaktiyoMke kAlakrama tathA ghaTanAoMkA sambandha baiThAyA / pazcAt mahAvIra nirvANake pazcAt honevAle rAjAoM tathA rAjavaMzoMke kAlakramake sAtha usakI saMgati baiThAI aura phira AcAryoMkI kAla gaNanAke prasaMgameM bhadrabAhu aura candragupta mauryake itihAsa prasiddha sAhacaryako lekara 100 varSameM honevAle pA~ca zrutakevaliyoMke kAlakramameM katipaya varSoMkI bhUla honekI AzaMkA prakaTa kI hai| . isa parase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jAla cApenTiyarane jo pracalita vIra nirvANa samvatmeM 60 varSa adhika batalAkara 60 varSa karanekI sammati dI thI use hI mAnya kyoM na kara lenA cAhiye / kyoMki usase bhadrabAhu aura candraguptakI samakAlInatA bana jAtI hai| kintu aisA karanese yadyapi bhadrabAhukA samaya candraguptake pAsa A jAtA hai jaisA ki hemacandrAcAryane kiyA hai| kintu vikrama samvat aura vIra nirvANa mamvatke bIcakA prasiddha 470 varSakA antara tathA zaka rAjA aura vIra nivANa samvatake bIcakA 605 varSakA prasiddha antara gar3abar3A jAtA hai, aura inake pIche prAcIna jaina abhilekhoMkA itanA jabaradasta bala hai ki usako rauMda karake Age bar3hanA zakya nahIM hai| ataH vIra nirvANakA jo kAla mAnA jAtA hai vahI ucita hai|

Page #396
saMgha bheda saMgha-bheda bhadrabAhu naras frvANakAlakI carcA ke prasaMgase zrutakevalI aura maurya candraguptakA vivaraNa A jAneke pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM vibheda honekI carcA karanA ucita hogA, kyoMki ina donoM mahApuruSoMke kAlameM hI usakA sUtrapAta huA mAnA jAtA hai / jaina dharma se paricita janoMse yaha bAta ajJAta nahIM hai ki jaina ke anuyAyI mukhya rUpase do sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita haiM / eka sampradAya digambara jaina kahalAtA hai aura dUsarA sampradAya zva etAmbara jaina / donoM sampradAya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAna mahAarrat apanA dharmaguru mAnate haiM aura donoMkI upAsanA ekasI zraddhA bhaktike sAtha karate haiM / kintu donoMmeM jisa mukhya bAtako lekara matabheda hai vaha donoMke nAmoMse hI spaSTa hai / digambara-dizAyeM hI jinakA vastra ha arthAt jo nagna guruoMkA upAsaka sampradAya hai vaha digambara kahalAtA hai| aura zva etAmbara arthAta sapheda vastra dhAraNa karanevAle guruoM kA upAsaka saMpradAya zvetAmbara kahalAtA hai / ataH donoM nAmoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki sAdhuoM ke vastra pahanane aura na pahananeko lekara hI donoM saMpradAyoMkI sRSTi huI hai / yaha saMgha bheda kaise huA isa sambandhameM donoM sampradAyoMmeM vibhinna kathAe~ pAI jAtI haiM kiMtu unase bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki vastrake kAraNa hI saMghabheda huaa| sabase prathama hama digambara sAhitya meM zvetAmbara saMghakI utpattike sambaMdhameM jo kathA pAI jAtI hai usIko dete haiMhariSeNa vRhatkathA koza ( vi0 saM0 186 ) meM devasena ke darzanasAra meM (vi0 saM0 EES ) aura bhAva saMgraha meM tathA ratnanaMdike bhadrabAhu caritra meM zvetAmbara saMghako utpattikI kathA dI hai| Jain Educationa International 371 For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #397
372 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA devasenane apane darzanasAra meM likhA hai-'vikrama rAjAkI mRtyuke 136 varSa bAda saurASTra dezake valabhIpurameM zvetapaTa ( zvetAmbara ) saMgha utpanna huaa|11|| zrI bhadrabAhu gaNike ziSya zAMti nAmake AcArya the| unakA jinacaMdra nAmakA eka zithilAcArI duSTa ziSya thA // 12 // usane mata calAyA ki striyoMko usI bhavameM mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai| kevala jJAnI bhojana karate haiM aura unheM roga hotA hai // 13 // vastra dhAraNa karane vAlA bhI muni mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| mahAvIrakA garbha parivartana huA thaa| jainake sivAya anya liMgase bhI mukti ho sakatI hai tathA prAsuka bhojana sarvatra kiyA jA sakatA hai / / 14 / / kahanA na hogA ki strIkI mukti, kevali mukti, savastra sAdhukI mukti, mahAvIra bhagavAnakA garbha parivartana Adi jo bAteM zvetAmbara matake sambandhameM Upara batalAI haiM, unheM digambara sampradAya nahIM mAnatA aura mukhya rUpase inhI bAtoMko lekara digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyameM matabheda hai| 1-ekkasae chattIse vikkamarAyassa maraNapattasya / soraThe valahIe uppaNNo sevaDo saMgho // 11 // siribhaddabAhugaNiNo sIso NAmeNa saMti shraairio| tassa ya sIso duTTho jiNacaMdo maMdacAritto // 12 // teNa kiyaM mayameyaM itthINaM atthi tabbhave mokkho| kevalaNANoNa puNa aNNakkhANaM tahA rogo // 13 // aMbarasahiyo vi jaI sijhaI vIrassa ganmacArattaM / paraliMge viya muttI phAsuyabhojaM ca savvattha // 14 // -bhA0 iM0 patri0, ji0 15, bhAga 3-4, pR0 202 //

Page #398
saMgha bheda 373 kiMtu bhadrabAhu gaNike ziSya AcArya zAMti aura unake ziSya jinacandrakA patA zvetAmbara yA digambara paramparAmeM nahIM lgtaa| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparAmeM zAMtisUri' aura zAMticandra gaNi nAmake prAcArya hue , kiMtu ve devasenake pazcAt hue haiN| isI taraha jinacandra nAmake bhI AcArya zvetAmbara paramparAmeM hue haiN| kintu ve bhI vikramakI 11vIM aura 15vIM zatAbdImeM hue haiN|| hA~, vikramakI sAtavIM zatImeM jinabhadra gaNi kSamA zramaNa nAmake eka prasiddha jainAcArya zvetAmbara paramparAmeM ho gaye haiM, jinhoMne apane vizeSAvazyaka bhASyameM vastrapAtravAdakA khUba samarthana 1-'vi0 SaraNavatyadhika sahasra 1066 varSe zrIuttarAdhyayana TIkA* kRta thirApadra gacchIya vAdivetAla zrI zAntisUriH svargamAk' / -tapA0 paTTA0 ( paTTA0 samu0 pR0 54 ) muni kalyANa vijaya jIne 'vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA' (pR0 117 ) meM eka gAthA uddhRta kI hai jisakA bhAva yaha hai ki yuga pradhAna tulya vAdivetAla zAntisUrine vAlabhya saMghake kAryake liye bala bhI nagarImeM udyama kiyA hai / ' muni jIkA anumAna hai ki valabhImeM jo devarddhigaNine sammelana bulAyA usameM eka paramparAke upapramukha vAdi vetAla zAntisUri the| zAyada inhIM zAntisUrise ukta kathAmeM tAtparya ho| 2-pahA0 samu0, pR0 75-76 / 3-dekho-jiNa caMda sUri' zabda abhi0 rAje / 4-maNa-paramohi-pulAe' zrAhAra-khavaga-uvasame kappe / saMjamatiya-kevali sijhaNA ya jaMbummi vucchiNNA // 2563 // -vize0 bhA0 /

Page #399
374 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kiyA aura jambU svAmIke pazcAt jinakalpake vicchinna honekI ghoSaNA karake eka tarahase usapara roka hI lagA dI thii| inhIMke samayameM inase kucha varSa pUrva niyuktiyoMke racayitA dvitIya bhadrabAhu bhI ho gaye haiN| ina dvitIya bhadrabAhu aura jinabhadra gaNike guruziSya bhAvake sambandhameM kucha kaha sakanA hamAre lie zakya nahIM hai| kyoMki jinabhadrane apane vizeSAvazyaka bhASyameM bhadrabAhukRta Avazyaka niyuktikA vyAkhyAna karane jAkara bhI na racayitA bhadrabAhukA hI nAma liyA aura na unakI kRti Avazyaka niyuktikA hI nAma liyaa| pravacanako praNAma karake guruke upadezAnusAra Avazyaka anuyogakA vyAkhyAna karanekI pratijJA kI hai| yaha eka vicitra sI bAta hai ki jisa kRtikA vyAkhyAna kiyA jAye usakA nAma taka bhI na liyA jaaye| isIse TIkAkAra hemacandrane yaha zaGkA kI hai ki isa bhASyameM bhadrabAhu praNIta sAmAyika niyuktikA vyAkhyAna kiyA jaayegaa| taba ise AvazyakAnuyoga kyoM kahA ? TIkAkArane tarkapaddhatikA Azraya lekara zaGkAkA samAdhAna to kara diyA, kiMtu eka sarala jijJAsuke liye to ukta zaGkA anya aneka AzaGkAe~ utpanna karanevAlI hai, jinake vistArameM jAnA yahA~ aprAsaMgika hogaa| - ina jinabhadrako zvetAmbara matakA saMsthApaka yA pravartaka to nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kintu prabalapoSaka aura samarthaka honemeM to raMcamAtra bhI saMdeha nahIM hai| ataH jinabhadra nAmase yadi inhIMkA 1-kayapavayaNappaNAmo vocchaM caraNaguNasaMgahaMsayalaM / zrAvassAyANuoMgaM gurUvae sANu sAreNa // 1 // -vi0 bhA0 /

Page #400
saMgha bheda 375 nirdeza devasenane kiyA ho to yaha asaMbhava nahIM hai| eka dUsare devasenane apane bhAvasaMgrahameM zvetAmbara matakI utpattikI pUrI kathA dI hai , jo isa prakAra hai 'ujjanI nagarImeM bhadrabAhu nAmake AcArya the| ve nimittajJAnI the| unhoMne saMghako vulAkara kahA ki eka bar3A bhArI durbhikSa hogA jo bAraha varSoM meM samApta hogaa| isaliye sabako apane apane saMghoMke sAtha anya dezoMko cale jAnA cAhiye / yaha sunakara saba gaNadhara apane apane saMghoMko lekara una una dezoMko vihAra kara gaye, jahA~ subhikSa thaa| unameMse eka zAMti nAmake AcArya apane ziSyoMke sAtha saurASTra dezakI valabhI nagarImeM phuNce| parantu unake pahu~caneke bAda vahA~ para bhI bar3A bhArI akAla par3a gyaa| bhUkhe loga dUsaroMkA peTa phAr3akara aura unakA khAyA huA bhAta nikAla kara khA jAne lge| isa nimittako pAkara sabane kambala, daNDa, tUmbA, pAtra, AvaraNa aura sapheda vastra dhAraNa kara liye , RSiyoMkA AcAraNa chor3a diyA aura donavRttise bhikSA grahaNa karanA aura baiThakara yAcanA karake vasa. tikAmeM jAkara svecchApUrvaka bhojana karanA zuru kara dithaa| unheM isa prakAra AcaraNa karate hue kitanA hI samaya bItane para jaba subhikSa ho gayA to zAMti AcAryane unase kahA ki aba isa kutsita AcAraNako chor3a do aura apanI niMdA gardA karake phirase muniyoMkA zreSTha AcAraNa grahaNa kara lo| ina vacanoMko suna kara unake eka pradhAna ziSyane kahA ki aba usa durdhara AcaraNako kauna dhAraNa kara sakatA hai ? upavAsa, bhojanakA na milanA, taraha tarahake dussaha antarAya, eka sthAna, acelatA mauna, brahmacarya, bhUmi para sonA, hara do mahInemeM kezoMkA loca karanA, vAisa

Page #401
376 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA parISahoMko sahanA Adi bar3e hI kaThina AcaraNa haiN| isa samaya hama logoMne jo AcaraNa grahaNa kara rakkhA hai vaha isa lokameM bhI sukhadAyaka hai| isa paMcama kAlameM hama use nahIM chor3a sakate / taba zAntyAcAryane kahA ki cAritrase bhraSTa jIvana acchA nahIM, yaha jaina mArgako dUSita karatA hai| jinavara bhagavAnane nimrantha pravacanako hI zreSTha kahA hai, usako chor3akara anya mArgakA avalambana lenA mithyAtva hai| isa para ruSTa hokara usa ziSyane apane dIrgha daNDase guruke sira para prahAra kiyA jisase marakara vaha vyantara ho gyaa| taba vaha ziSya saMghakA svAmI bana gayA aura prakRTa rUpase zvetAmbara ho gyaa| vaha logoMko upadeza dene lagA aura kahane lagA-sagrantha liMgase mokSakI prApti hotI hai| apane apane grahaNa kiye hue pASaNDoMke sadRza una logoMne zAstroMko racanA ko aura unakA vyAkhyAna karake logoMmeM usI prakArake AcaraNakI pravRtti calA dii| (bhAva saM0, gaa053-70)| hariSeNakRta vRhatkathAkozase bhadrabAhukI kathAkA kucha aMza zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura candragupta mauryake prakaraNameM de Ae haiN| jisameM durbhikSake kAraNa zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuse candraguptake dIkSA lene aura usakA vizAkhAcArya nAma hone tathA usake sAtha saMghake dakSiNA pathako cale jAnekA nirdeza hai| AgekI kathA isa prakAra hai-'subhikSa ho jAne para bhadrabAhu gurukA ziSya vizAkhAcArya samasta saMghake sAtha dakSiNApathake dezase madhya dezameM lauTa aayaa| rAmilla, sthavira sthUla aura bhadrAcArya tInoM durbhikSa kAlameM sindhu dezameM cale gaye the / inhoMne vahA~se lauTakara kahA ki vahA~ ke loga durbhikSa pIr3itoMke halleke kAraNa dinameM nahIM khA pAte the, isase rAtako khAte the| unhoMne hamase kahA ki Apa loga bhI rAtake samaya hamAre gharase pAtra lekara AhAra le jAyA kreN| una logoM

Page #402
saMgha bheda 377 ke aisA kahane para hama loga vaisA karane lage / eka dina eka kRzakAya nirgrantha sAdhu hAthameM bhikSA pAtra lekara zrAvaka ke ghara gayA / a~dhere meM usa nagna muniko dekhakara eka garbhiNI zrAvikAkA, jo naI AI thI bhayase garbhapAta ho gyaa| taba zrAvakoM ne Akara sAdhuoMse kahA - 'samaya bar3A kharAba hai| jaba taka sthiti ThIka nahIM hotI taba taka Apa loga bAyeM hAtha se ardha phAlaka ( Adhe vastra khaNDa ) ko Age karake aura dAhine hAtha meM bhikSA pAtra lekara rAtri meM AhAra leneke liye AyA kreN| jaba subhikSa ho jAyegA to prAyazcita lekara punaH apane tapameM saMlagna ho jAnA' | zrAvakoM kA vacana sunakara yatigaNa vaisA karane lage / jaba subhita ho gayA to rAmilla, sthavira sthUla aura bhadrAcAryane sakala saMghako bulAkara kahA- aba Apa loga ardhaphAlakako chor3akara nitharUpatAko dhAraNa kreN| unake vacanoMko sunakara kucha sAdhuoMne nigrantha rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / rAmilla, sthavira sthUla aura bhadrAcArya bhI vizAkhAcArya ke pAsa gaye aura unhoMne ardha vastra ko chor3akara munikA rUpa naiyandhya dhAraNa kara liyA / jinheM gurukA vacana rucikara pratIta nahIM huA, una zaktihInoMne jinakalpa aura sthavira kalpakA bheda karake ardhaphAlaka sampradAyakA calana kiyA / saurASTra dezameM valabhI nAmakI nagarI hai / usameM vapravAda nAma kA midhyAdRSTi rAjA rAjya karatA thA / usakI paTarAnIkA nAma svAminI thA / vaha ardhaphAlaka vAle sAdhuoM kI bhakta thI / eka dina rAjA apanI rAnI ke sAtha mahala meM baiThA huA gavAkSoMke dvArA apane nagarakI zobhA dekhatA thA / usI samaya ardhapAlaka saMgha bhikSAke nimitta se rAjAke mahala meM AyA / ardhaphAlaka saMghako

Page #403
jai0 378 na dekhakara rAjAko bar3A kautuka huA aura vaha apanI rAnIse bolA devi ! tumhArA yaha ardhaphAlaka saMgha to ThIka nahIM pratIta hotA, to yaha vase veSThita hI hai aura na nagna hI hai / eka dina rAjAne usa saMghase kahA ki tuma loga ardhavastrako chor3akara ninthatAko apanA lo / yadi nirgrantha rUpako dhAraNa karane meM tuma loga asamartha ho to isa ardhaphAlakakI viDambanAko chor3akara mere Adeza se apane zarIrako Rju vastrase DhAMkakara vihAra kro| usa dinase pravAda rAjAkI AjJAse premIhRdaya lATa deza vAsiyoMkA kAmbala tIrtha pravartita huA / isake pazcAt dakSiNApatha meM sthita sAvalipattanameM usa kAmbala sampradAyase yApanIya saMgha utpanna huA / ' 0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA Jain Educationa International bhaTTAraka ratnanandine sambhavataH devasena aura hariSeNakI kathAoMko sambaddha karake apane bhadrabAhu caritrako likhA hai / isIse unakI kathAmeM parivartana bhI dekhA jAtA hai| unake parivartita kathA bhAgakA saMkSipta rUpa isa prakAra hai- 'bhadrabAhu svAmI - kI bhaviSya vANI honepara bAraha hajAra sAdhu unake sAtha dakSiNakI bhora vihAra kara gaye / parantu rAmalya, sthUlAcArya aura sthUlabhadra Adi muni ujjainImeM hI raha gaye / durbhikSa par3ane para unake ziSya vizAkhAcArya Adi lauTakara ujjainI zrAye / usa samaya sthUlAca ne apane sAthiyoMse kahA ki zithilAcAra chor3a do| para unhoMne krodhita hokara sthalAcAryako mAra ddaalaa| ina zithilAcAriyoMse ardhaMphAlaka sampradAyakA janma huaa| isake bahuta samaya bAda ujjayinImeM candrakIrti nAmakA rAjA huA / usakI kanyA valabhIpurake rAjAko byAhI gaI / usa kanyAne ardhaphAlaka sAdhu ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana kiyA thA, isaliye vaha unakI bhakta thI / eka bAra usane apane pati se una sAdhuoM ko apane yahA~ For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #404
prAcArya kAla gaNanA 376 bulAneke liye khaa| rAjAne bulAnekI AjJA de dii| ve pAye aura unakA khUba svAgata satkAra huaa| parantu rAjAko unakA veSa acchA na lgaa| ve rahate to the nagna, para Upara vasra rakhate the| rAnIne apane patike manakA bhAva jAnakara sAdhuoMke pAsa pahinaneke liye zvetavastra bheja diye| sAdhuoMne bhI unheM svIkAra kara liyaa| usa dinase ve saba sAdhu zvetAmbara kahalAne lge| unameM jo pradhAna thA usakA nAma jinacandra thaa|' aitihAsika dRSTise ina kathAoMkA mUlyAMkana karaneke liye unameM varNita bAtoMke sambandhameM thor3A prakAza DAla denA ucita hogaa| ___ ukta kathAoM meM jahA~ taka bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIke samayameM bAraha varSake durbhikSa par3ane tathA saMghake sAtha unake dakSiNApathako jAnekA prazna hai, usake sambandhameM hama pichale prakaraNameM likha Aye haiN| ataH usake sambandhameM yahA~ kucha na likhakara zeSa bAtopara prakAza DAlate haiN| uttara prAMtameM hI raha jAne vAle sAdhuoMmeM tIna ko pramukha batalAyA hai-rAmilla, sthavira sthUla aura bhadrAcArya inameM se eka rAmilla nAmake kisI sAdhukA patA zvetAmbara paramparAmeM nahIM cltaa| hA~, sthavira sthUlabhadra bhadrabAhuke samakAlIna aura uttarAdhikArI mAne gaye haiN| tathA digambara paramparAmeM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuko jo sthAna prApta hai, vaho sthAna zvetAmbara paramparAmeM sthUlabhadrako prApta hai| zvetAmbara sampradAyakI AcArya paramparAkA Arambha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuse na hokara sthUlabhadrase hotA hai| unake yahA~ zru ta kevalI bhadrabAhukI ziSya paramparAkA 1-'taM jahA-therassa Na ajjajasabhahassa""aMtevAso dube the| there aja saMbhUavijae there aja bhddvaahuu"| therassa NaM aja

Page #405
380 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA abhAva hai| aura sthUlabhadra'ko antima zrutakevalI likhA hai| ataH bhadrabAhuke samaya uttara bhAratameM raha jAnevAle muniyoMke pradhAnake rUpameM sthUlabhadrakA nAma to itihAsa siddha hai| kintu subhikSa ho jAne para jo sthUlabhadrakA punaH vizAkhAcAryakA anuyAyI nimrantha honA batalAyA gayA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| sthUlabhadra tathokta sthavira paramparAke hI anuyAyI bane rahe aura isIse unheM zvetAmbara paramparAmeM agrasthAna prApta huaa| hariSeNane 'rAmillaH sthaviro yogI bhadrAcAryo'pyamI trayaH' likha kara unakI saMkhyA tIna batalAI hai aura Age 'rAmillasthavira sthUla bhadrAcAryAH' likhA hai| vaise sthavira sthUla bhadrAcArya eka hI vyaktikA nAma ho sakatA hai kyoMki ukta sthUlabhadra AcArya sthavira the aura yogI bhI the| unhone yogakI prakriyAke dvArA siMhakA rUpa dhAraNa karake apanI bahanako DarA diyA thaa| kiMtu hariSeNa tInakI gaNanA karate haiM, isaliye bhadrAcAryako pRthak nAma mAna karake usase jinabhadra gaNi kSamA zramaNakA grahaNa honA sambhava hai kyoMki devasenane zvetAmbara pakSake pramukhakA nAma 'jinacandra' likhA hai| isameM 'jina' nAma hai aura bhadra yA candra usakA pUraka hai| jinabhadra ke sambandhameM hama likha Ae haiM ki ve zvetAmbara sampradAyake prabala poSaka prAcIna AcAryoMmeMse anyatama the / kintu unakA samaya sthUlabhadrase lagabhaga nau zatAbdI pazcAt hai| kintu saMbhUtha vijayassa" aMtevAsI there ajja thUlabhadde " / therassa NaM aja thUlabhaddassa"aMtevAsI dube theraa||' -ka0 sU0 sthaviH / 1-'yogIndraH sthUlabhadro'bhUdathAntyaH zrutakevalI / ' -paTTA0 samu0, pR0 25 /

Page #406
saMgha bheda jinabhadra aura hariSeNake bIcameM lagabhaga tIna zatAbdiyoMkA antara hai| ataH sambhava hai unakA nAma sunakara hariSeNane unheM bhI sthUlabhadrakA sahayogI samajha liyA ho| astu, devasena sUrikI kathAmeM durbhikSake samaya valabhI nagarImeM gaye hue sAdhuoMkA durbhikSake kAraNa vastra pAtra kambala Adi grahaNa karanA batalAyA gayA hai| kintu hariSeNakRta kathA meM pahale ardhaphAlaka sampradAyakI utpatti batalAI hai arthAt zithilAcArI sAdhu bAyeM hAtha para vastra khaNDa laTakAkara Age kara lete the-jisase nagnatAkA AvaraNa ho jAtA thA-pIche valabhI nagarImeM unhoMne pUrA zarIra DhAkanA zuru kara diyA aura kambala vagairaha rakhane lge| devasenakI kathAke ukta aMzase hariSeNakI kathAkA ardhaphAlaka vAlA ukta aMza buddhigrAhya to hai hI , mathurAse prApta purAtattvase bhI usakA samarthana hotA hai| adhaphAlaka sampradAya jai0 hi0 bhAga 13, aGka 6-10 meM zrI nAthUrAma jI premIne darzanasArakI vivecanAke pariziSTameM ratnanandike bhadrabAhu caritra meM Agata ukta kathAkA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA thA-digambara granthoMke anusAra bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIkA zarIrAnta vIra nirvANa samvat 162 meM huA hai aura zvetAmbaroMkI utpatti vIra ni0 saM0 603 (vikrama saMvat 136 ) meM huI hai| donoMke bIca meM koI sAr3he cAra sau varSakA antara hai| ratnanandi jIko ise pUrA karanekI cintA huI para aura koI upAya na thA isa kAraNa unhoMne bhadrabAhuke samayameM durbhikSake kAraNa jo mata calA thA, usako zvetAmbara na kahakara ardhaphAlaka kaha diyA aura usake bahuta varSoM bAda ( sAr3he cAra sau varSake bAda) isI ardhaphAlaka sampradAya

Page #407
382 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA ke 'sAdhu jinacandra ke sambandhakI eka kathA aura gar3ha dI aura usake dvArA zvetAmbara matako calA huA batalA diyA / vAstava meM phAlaka nAmakA koI bhI sampradAya nahIM huA / bhadrabAhu caritra se pahale kisI bhI grantha meM isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| yaha bhaTTAraka ratnanandikI khudakI 'IjAda' hai / ' usa samaya taka hariSeNa kRta kathAkoza prakAza meM nahIM AyA thaa| saMbhavataH isIse premI jIne ardhaphAlaka saMpradAyako ratnanandikI khudakI IjAda likha ddaalaa| kiMtu hariSeNa kRta kathAkoza se yaha spaSTa hai ki ratnanandine apanI kathAmeM 'khudakI IjAda' nahIM ghuser3I, jo kucha likhA hai vaha unheM paramparAse hI prApta huA thA / ataH ratnanandi se kaI zatAbdi pUrva dasavIM zatI meM ardhaphAlaka sampradAyakA astitva mAnA jAtA thA, hariSeNake 'kathAkozase yaha spaSTa hai / yadi use kisIkI 'IjAda' kahA jA sakatA hai to vaha vyakti AcArya hariSeNa haiM / kiMtu jaise ardhaphAlaka sampradAyako ratnanandikI 'IjAda' karAra denemeM jaldabAjI kI gaI, yadi vaisI hI jaldabAjI use hariSeNakI IjAda karAra dene meM kI gaI to yaha dUsarI bar3I bhUla hogI; kyoMki yadyapi hariSeNase pahale ke kisI grantha meM isa sampradAyakA koI nirdeza abhI taka nahIM milA hai, kintu mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta jaina avazeSoMmeMse eka zilApaTTa meM 1 - kathAkoza meM kahA hai ki jaba taka subhikSa na ho sAdhu apane bAe~ hAthase vastrako Age karake tathA dAhine hAtha meM bhikSApAtra lekara zrAhArake liye nikaleM / yathA- yAvanna zobhanaH kAlaH jAyate sAdhavaH sphuTam / tAvacca vAmahastena puraH kRtvA'rdhaphAlakam // 58 // 2 - Ajakala yaha zilApaTTa lakhanaU ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai /

Page #408
sagha bheda 383 eka jaina sAdhu bilkula usI rUpameM aGkita hai jisa rUpakA nirdeza kathAkozameM kiyA gayA hai| aura use jainayati kRSNakI mUrti batalAyA hai| 'jaina sAhityano itihAsa' meM usake sambandha meM isa prakAra paricaya diyA gayA hai 'A aika jaina stUpa no bhAga che ke je ukta mathurAnI kaMkAlI tIlA TekarImAMthI nikalela che / te stUpanA ve bhAga pADelA che / upalo bhAga sAMkar3o che ane tenA madhyamAM stUpanI AkRti che stUpanI bane bAjue jinanI bacce zrAkRtio che / kula te cAra AkRti ( mUrti ) chellA cAra tIrthaGkara nami, nemi, pArzva ne vardhamAnanI che| nIce nA bhAgamAM kahanI mUrti che ke jenA mAnamAM zrA stUpa banAvavAmAM Avyo hato | kahanI mUrtine vastra paherAvelAM hotA thI te zva etAmbara mUrti mAnI zakAya / AmAM Avela mUla lekha koI anirNIta lipimAM che / AraMbhamAM 65 nI sAla hovAnuM jaNAya che ke je bakhate vAsudevanu rAjya hatuM / ' isameM batalAyA hai ki nIce ke bhAgameM karahakI mUrti hai jisake sanmAnameM yaha stUpa banAyA gyaa| karahakI mUrti vastra pahine hone se use zvetAmbara mUrti kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM kA mUla lekha kisI aisI lipimeM hai jisakA nirNaya nahIM ho sakA, samvat 65 ke sAla meM jaba vAsudevakA rAjya thA tabakI yaha honI cAhiye / ' isameM zrI desAI jIne karahakI mUrtiko vastra pahine honese zvetAmbara honA to svIkArya kara liyA kiMtu usake vastra dhAraNa ke | DhaMgake viSaya meM kucha nahIM likhA / zrI cimmanalAla zAhane bhI 1 1 - bhikSApAtraM samAdAya dakSiNena kareNa ca / gRhItvA natamAhAraM kurudhvaM 0 nA0 iM0 Jain Educationa International bhojanaM dine // 56 // - hari0 ka0 ko0, pR0 318 For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #409
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA isa viSayameM mauna dhAraNa kara liyA hai| kintu zrI vuhalarane (iM0 eNTi0, ji0 2, pR0 316 ) likhA thA-nemiSa devatAke bAe~ ghuTaneke pAsa eka choTI sI AkRti naMge manuSyakI hai jo bAe~ hAthameM vastra honese tathA dAhinA hAtha Uparako uThA honese eka sAdhu mAlUma hotA hai| lakhanaU saMgrahAlayake tatkAlIna adhyakSa DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAlane ukta zilApaTTake sambandhameM likhA thA-paTTake UparI bhAgameM stUpake do ora cAra tIrthaGkara haiM, jinameMse tIsare pAzvanAtha ( sarpaphaNAlaMkRta ) aura cauthe saMbhavataH bhagavAna mahAvIra haiN| pahale do RSabhanAtha aura neminAtha ho sakate haiN| para tIrthaGkara mUrtiryoMpara na koI cinha hai aura na vastra / paTTameM nIce eka strI aura usake sAmane eka nagna zramaNa khudA huA hai| vaha eka hAtha meM sammAnI aura bAe~ hAthameM eka kapar3A ( laMgoTa ) lie hue hai, zeSa zarIra nagna hai| (jai0 si0 bhA0, bhAga 10, ki0 2, pR0 80 kA phuttnott)| citrake dekhanese yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki kaNhane bAe~ hAthase vastra khaNDako madhyase pakar3A huA hai aura sAmane karake usase unhoMne apanI nagnatA mAtrako chipAyA huA hai| saMbhavataH zvetAmbara sampradAyake pUrvaja ardhaphAlaka sampradAyakA yahI rUpa thaa| yaha sambhava hai ki use ardhaphAlaka sampradAya nAmase na kahA jAtA ho aura digambaroMne hI vastra khaNDa rakhaneke kAraNa unheM yaha nAma de diyA ho / magara zvetAmbara sAdhuoMkA prArambhika rUpa yahI pratIta hotA hai / kyoMki zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadra ke saMbodha prakaraNase prakaTa hotA hai ki vikramakI 7vIM 8vIM zatAbdI taka zvetAMbara sAdhu bhI mAtra eka kaTivastra hI rakhate the| tathA jo sAdhu usa kaTivastrakA upayoga

Page #410
saMgha bheda 385 niSkAraNa karatA thA vaha kusAdhu mAnA jAtA thA / tathA prArambha meM zarIrakA guhya aMga hI DhAMkanekA vizeSa khayAla rahatA thA / guhya aGgake DhAkane vAle vastra khaNDako 'colapaTTa kahate the / colapaTTakA' pramANa sthavira ke liye do hAtha aura yuvAke liye cAra hAtha thA / tathA vaha caukora hotA thA / hamAre vicAra se cullapaTase colapaTTa zabda banA pratIta hotA hai| culla' kA artha haidra / ataH culla paTTA arthAt kSudra vastra hotA hai / prArambha meM vastrako dAhine hAtha se pakar3akara nagnatAko DhAMkA jAtA hogA jaisA ki mathurAse prApta karake zilApaTTa para aGkita citra spaSTa hai / pIche use dhAgeke dvArA kamarameM bAMdhA jAne lagA hogaa| Arya rakSita ke pitA somadevakA zva etAmbara sAhitya meM jo varNana pAyA jAtA hai usase bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai / somadeva anya saba upakaraNoko chor3ane ke liye taiyAra ho jAtA hai parantu adhovastra chor3ane ke liye taiyAra nahIM hotA / taba Arya rakSita bar3e kauzala se usase dhotI chur3avAte haiM aura dhotIkI jagaha kaTimeM dhAge se colapaTTa ba~dhavA dete haiM / yaha ghaTanA vikramakI dUsarI zatAbdI ke ArambhakI batalAI jAtI hai| udhara mathurAse prApta AyAgapaTTa bhI lagabhaga usI samayakA hai / usapara saM0 65 ati hai / usa samaya kauzANa vaMzake antima samrATa vAsudevakA rAjya thA / ataH ardhasphAlaka sampradAyakA astitva kisIkI kalpanAkA viSaya na hokara vAstavika hI hai aura vahI vartamAna zvetAmbara 1 'colasya puruSacinhasya paraH prAvaraNavastra colapadRH' / - zrami0 rA0 / 2 duguNo caugguNo vA hattho cauraMsa colapaTTIya / thera juvANaTThA vA saNhe thUlammi ya vibhAsA // 220 // 25 Jain Educationa International - prava0 sAro0 61 dvAra / For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #411
386 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva ThikA sampradAyakA pUrvaja bhI hai| ataH hariSeNakA kathana vAstavika hI pratIta hotA hai| kintu kathAmeM jisa DhaMgase ardhaphAlakase zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti batalAI hai usameM vAstavikatAkI pratIti nahIM hotii| kisI nagarIke rAjAke Adeza mAtrase ardhephAlakase zvetAmbara bana jAnA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| asalameM zithilAcAritA eka aisI vastu hai jisakA praveza honepara yadi use na rokA gayA to usakA bar3hanA hI svAbhAvika hai| vinayapiTakakA mahAvagga isapara acchA prakAza DAlatA hai| bauddha saMghameM sAdhu pahale phaTe cithar3e hI dhAraNa karate the, gRhasthoM ke dvArA diye gaye cIvara dhAraNa karanekA niyama nahIM thaa| buddhane jaba gRhapati cIvara dhAraNa karanekI AjJA de dI to usake pazcAt vastroMkA Dhera laga gyaa| yahI sthiti hama zvetAmbara sampradAyameM bhI pAte haiN| paM0 becaradAsa jIne 'jaina sAhityameM vikAra' nAmaka pustakake 'zvetAmbara digambaravAda' nAmaka adhyAyameM isa para sAdhAra prakAza DAlA hai| ataH kathAkA vaha aMza 'kavikI IjAda' ho to Azcarya nahIM hai / kintu valabhI nagarImeM zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti batalAnemeM avazya hI aitihAsika tathya nihita hai kyoMki vartamAnameM upalabdha zvetAmbarIya AgamoMkA saMkalana valabhI nagarImeM hI kiyA gayA thaa| aura unakI saMkalanA tathA lekhanake pazcAt zvetAmbara-digambara bhedakI eka aisI aTUTa dIvAra khar3I ho gaI jisane donoMko sarvadAke liye pRthaka kara diyaa| isIse zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti valabhI nagarImeM batalAI gaI pratIta hotI hai| ukta kathAmeM eka ullekhanIya bAta yaha bhI hai ki usameM jina

Page #412
saMgha bheda 387 1 kalpa aura sthavira kalpake bhedako pIchese kalpita batalAyA hai aura zvetAmbarIya Agamika sAhitya ke avalokanase bhI usakA samarthana hotA hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM to ye donoM bheda haiM hI nahIM, anya bhI prAcIna aMgoM meM nahIM haiN| hA~, kalpasUtra niyukti meM haiM / aura isaliye use usI samayakI upaja kahA jA sakatA hai / ukta kathA para eka Apatti yaha kI AtI hai ki usameM saMgha ujjainIse dakSiNakI ora gayA aisA likhA hai / DA0 phlITakA kahanA hai ki saMghakI dakSiNa yAtrA aitihAsika satya hai, cAhe vaha ujjainI se gayA ho yA aura kahIMse / ( iNDi0, eNTi0, jilda 21, pR0 156 ) " aba hama zvetAmbara sAhityase usa kathAko dete haiM jisameM boTika sampradAyakI utpatti batalAI hai / 1 - 'iSTaM na yaigurorvAkyaM saMsArArNavatArakam / jina sthavirakalpaM ca vidhAya dvividhaM bhuvi // 67 // ardhaphAlaka saMyuktamajJAtaparamArthakai / tairidaM kalpitaM tIrthaM kAtaraiH zaktivarjitaiH // 68 // - hari0 ka0 ko0 / 2 - 'chavvAsasayAiM navuttarAI tahazrA siddhiM gayasta vIrassa / to voDiyANa diTThI rahavIrapure samupparagA // / 2550 // rahavIrapuraM nagaraM dIvagamujANa majakarahe ya / sivabhUIssuvahimmi pucchA therANa kahaNA ya / / 2551 / / boDiyazivabhUIzro voDiyaliMgassa hoI upapattI / koDina koTTavIrA paraMparAphAsamuppannA || 2552 / / - vize0 bhA0 /

Page #413
388 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA rathavIrapurameM zivabhUti nAmakA eka kSatriya rahatA thaa| usane apane rAjAke liye aneka yuddha jIte the| isaliye rAjA usakA vizeSa sanmAna karatA thA , aura isase vaha bar3A ghamaNDI ho gayA thA aura rAtriko bahuta vilambase ghara AtA thaa| eka dina vaha bahuta rAta gaye ghara lauTA / usakI mAMne dvAra nahIM kholA aura use khUba burA bhalA khaa| taba vaha sAdhuoMke upAzrayameM calA gayA aura unase vrata denekI prArthanA kii| sAdhuoMne use vrata nahIM diye| taba vaha svayaM :kezaloca karake sAdhu bana gyaa| rAjAne zivabhUtiko eka bahumUlya ratnakambala diyaa| prAcAryane use lenese manA kiyaa| kintu zivabhUti nahIM maanaa| eka dina AcAryane zivabhUtikI anupasthitimeM usa ratnakambalako phAr3akara usake paira poMchaneke zrAsana banA ddaale| isase zivabhUti ruSTa ho gyaa| eka dina zrAcArya jina kalpakA varNana kara rahe the| use sunakara zivabhUti bolA-Ajakala itanI parigraha kyoM rakhate haiM ? jinakalpako kyoM nahIM dhAraNa karate ? AcAryane uttara diyA-jambU svAmI ke pazcAt jina kalpakA viccheda ho gyaa| saMhanana Adike abhAvameM Ajakala usakA dhAraNa karanA zakya nahIM hai| isapara zivabhUti bolA-'mere rahate hue jinakalpakA viccheda kaise ho sakatA hai, maiM hI use dhAraNa kruuNgaa| AcArya tathA sthaviroMne use bahuta samajhAyA kintu vaha nahIM mAnA aura vastra tyAga kara calA gyaa| usakI bahana use namaskAra karaneke liye gii| vaha bhI use dekhakara naMgI ho gii| jaba vaha bhikSAke liye nagarameM gaI to eka gaNikAne use vastra pahinA diyaa| naMgI strI bar3I bIbhatsa lagatI hai, yaha socakara zivabhUtine bhI use savastra rahanekI AjJA de dii| pazcAt zivabhUtine kauDinya aura koTTavIra nAmake do vyaktiyoMko apanA ziSya bnaayaa| isa taraha vIra nirvANake 606

Page #414
saMgha bheda 389 varSa bItanepara rathavIrapurameM boTika zivabhUtise boTikoMkA mata utpanna huaa| zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake tIrthakAlameM sAta ninhava utpanna hue| AgamakI yathArtha bAtako chipAkara anyathA kathana karaneko ninhava kahate haiN| isa tarahakI ghaTanAe~ sampradAyoMkI utpattimeM kAraNa huA karatI haiN| kintu ina sAta ninhavoMke kAraNa koI nayA sampradAya utpanna nahIM huA aura ekako chor3akara zeSa sabhI ninhavoMke kartA AcArya samajhAnese mAna gye| ____ sthAnAMga' sUtrameM sAto ninhavoMke nAma, sthAna aura kartA AcAryoM kA nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM unakA kAla bhI diyA hai| kintu sthAna aura kAla ATha ninhavoMkA diyA hai| tathA upasaMhAra karate hue bhI sAta hI ninhavoMkA nirdeza kiyA 1-'samaNassa NaM bhagavatro mahAvIrassa titthaMsi satta pavayaNaNirAhagA paNNattA / taM jahA-bahurayA, jIvapaesiyA, avvattiyA, sAmu. ccheiyA, dokiriyA, terAsiyA, abddhiyaa| eesiM NaM sattaNhaM pavayaNaNiNhagANaM satta dhammAyariyA hotthA-jamAlI, tisptagutte, aAsADhe, prAsamitte, gaMge, challue, goTThA mAhille / eesiM NaM sattaehaM pavayaNaNirAhagANaM satta uppattinagare hotthaa| taM jahA-sAvatthI, usabhapuraM, seyaviyA, mihila, ullugAtIraM purimaMtaraMji, dasapura, NiNhaga umpatti nagarAI // -sthA0, sUtra 587 / 2-zrAva ni0, gA0 776-783 / 3-evaM ee kahizrA aosappiNie u niNyA satta / vIravararasa paSayaNe sesANaM pavayaNe natthi // 784 //

Page #415
360 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA 1 hai / Ava0 ni0 para vizeSAvazyaka bhASyakAra jinabhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNane apane bhASya meM batalAyA hai ki yaha AThavA~ ninhava voTika mata hai, aura unhoMne hI voTika matakI utpatti kathA bhI dI haiN| isa taraha se isa AThaveM ninhavake janmadAtA ve hI jAna par3ate haiM / aura isaliye digambara kathAoMke jinabhadra ye jinabhadra hI ho sakate haiM / unhoMne hI sarvaprathama jambU svAmIke pazcAt jinakalpa kA viccheda honekI ghoSaNA kI thI / kathAmeM bhI yahI batalAyA gayA. hai ki jinakalpakA viccheda honeke pazcAt zivabhUtine nagna hokara jinakalpakA pravartana kiyA aura isa taraha voTika mata cala par3A / kintu isase digambara mata arvAcIna pramANita nahIM hotA kyoMki jaba jinakalpako digambaratvakA pratirUpa mAnA gayA hai aura jambUsvAmI taka usakA pracalana rahA hai tathA use hI zivabhUtine dhAraNa kiyA to usane navIna mata kaise calAyA / jo purAnA thA tathA eka pakSane jisake biccheda honekI ghoSaNA kara dI thii| usIkA punaH pravartana karanA navIna matakA calAnA to nahIM hai / yadi jinakalpa pahale kabhI pracalita na huA hotA tathA jaina paramparAmeM use Adara prApta na huA hotA to use navIna mata kahA jA sakatA thA / kintu uttarakAlIna zvetAmbara sAhitya meM jinakalpakA samAdara pAyA jAtA hai / zvatAmbarIya gamika sAhitya ke TIkAkAroMne prAyaH pratyeka kaThina cArako jinakalpakA AcAra batAyA hai| usake sambandha meM kevala itanA hI virodha thA ki paJcama kAlameM usakA viccheda ho gayA hai, kyoMki usakA dhAraNa kara sakanA zakya nahIM hai / satteyA diTThozro jAijarA maraNagabdhavasahINaM / mUlaM saMsArasya u havaMti niggaMtharUNaM // 786 // - prA0 ni0 /

Page #416
saMgha bheda zivabhUtiko bhI yahI kahakara samajhAyA gayA thaa| kintu usane yahI uttara diyA ki asamarthake liye jinakalpakA viccheda bhale ho huA ho samarthake liye usakA viccheda kaise ho sakatA hai ? eka bAta aura bhI hai, digambara kathAoM meM zvetAmbaroMkI bAbata prAyaH yahI likhA hai ki jinakalpakA dhAraNa karanA bar3A kaThina hai isaliye hamane sthabira kalpako dhAraNa kiyA hai / yahI bAta zve. tAmbarIya kathAmeM bhI prakArAntarase kahI gaI hai| usase saMghabhedakI utpattike AzayameM antara nahIM pdd'taa| digambara lekhaka digambara vezako jaina munikA sAdhAraNa prAcAra mAnakara durbhikSajanita paristhitiyoMke kAraNa utpanna huI zithilAcAritAko zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpattikA janaka batalAte haiN| aura zvetAmbara lekhaka jambU svAmI ke pazcAt vicchinna hue jinakalpakA punaH saMsthApana karaneko digambara matakI utpattikA janaka batalAte haiN| tathA jinakalpake vicchedakA kAraNa kAla AdikI kaThinatAko batalAte haiM, jo ki azaktatAkA hI sUcaka hai| kintu donoMke AzayoMmeM isa aikyake hote hue bhI eka maulika antara bhI hai / digambaroMke anu. sAra zvetAmbara sampadAya (sAdhuoMkA vastra paridhAna ) kabhI thA hI nahIM, zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke samayase hI usakA prArambha huaa| kintu zvetAmbaroMke anusAra jinakalpa (digambaratva ) kI pravRtti jambU svAmI taka avicchinna rUpase calI AtI thii| usake 1-'uvahivibhAgaM soU sivabhaI ajakaNhagurumUle / jiNakappiyAiyANa gurukIsa neyANiM // 2553 / / jiNakappyo'Nucarijaha nocchinnotti bhaNie puNo bhaNai / tadasattassocchijau bucchijaha kiM samatthassa / / 2554 / / -vize0 bhA0 /

Page #417
362 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva poThikA pazcAt hI usakA viccheda huA, aura zivabhUtine use punaH praca lita karake digambara sampradAya kI sRSTi kii| ataH jaba digambaroMke anusAra zvetAmbara sampradAya nayA hai / taba zva etAmbaroM ke anu sAra digambara pantha nayA nahIM hai kintu ati prAcIna hai / kevala bIca meM hI usakA viccheda ho gayA thA / taH zvatAmbara kathA ke anusAra bhI digambara pantha nayA pramANita nahIM hotA / kintu usameM jo jambU svAmIke pazcAt hI jinakalpakA viccheda tathA zivabhUtike dvArA usakI punaH pravRtti Adi batalAI hai usakA samarthana anya srotoMse nahIM hotA aura na yaha bAta hI gale utaratI hai ki Adarza mArgakA ekadama lopa ho jAye tathA apavAda mArgakA sArvatrika calana ho jAye / aura phira eka zivabhUtike dvArA, jo na to aitihAsika vyakti hI hai aura na kaI prabhAvazAlI puruSa hI pratIta hotA hai, punaH digambara mArgakA pracalana itane joroMse ho jAye / inhIM kAraNoM se kisI aitihAsajJa vidvAnane saMgha bhedakI utpattimeM va etAmbara kathAko prazraya nahIM diyA jaba ki digambara kathAkI ghaTanAko aneka itihAsajJoMne sthAna diyA hai| 1 - nIce kucha itihAsajJoMke mata diye jAte haiM kaimbrija hisTrI meM bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNagamanakA nirdeza karake Age likhA hai - 'yaha samaya jaina saMghake liye durbhAgyapUrNa pratIta hotA hai aura isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki IsvI pUrva 300 ke lagabhaga mahAna saMghabheda kA udgama huA jisane jaina saMghako zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA / dakSiNa se lauTe hue sAdhutroMne, jinhoMne durbhikSa kAla meM bar3I kar3AI ke sAtha apane niyamoMkA pAlana kiyA thA, magadha meM

Page #418
saMgha bheda 363 ukta ApattiyoMke atirikta ukta kathAmeM eka bar3I Apatti yaha hai ki vaha kathA voTika sampradAyakI utpattise sambaddha hai| usameM batalAyA' hai ki voTika zivabhUtise voTika sampradAya utpanna raha gaye anya apane sAthI sAdhuaoMke prAcArase asantoSa prakaTa kiyA; tathA unheM mithyA vizvAsI aura anuzAsanahIna ghoSita kiyA' / -kai* hi0, ( saMska0 1655) pR0 147 / zrAra0 sI0 majUmadArane likhA hai-'jaba bhadrabAhu ke anuyAyI magadhase lauTe to eka bar3A vivAda uTha khar3A huA / niyamAnusAra jaina sAdhu nagna rahate the kintu magadha ke jaina sAdhuaoMne sapheda vastra dhAraNa karanA prArambha kara diyA / dakSiNa bhAratase lauTe hue jaina sAdhuaoMne isakA virodha kiyaa| kyoMki ve pUrNa nagnatAko mahAvIrakI zikSAoMkA zrAvazyaka bhAga mAnate the| virodhakA zAnta honA asambhava pAyA gayA aura isa taraha zvetAmbara (jisake sAdhu sapheda vastra dhAraNa karate haiM ) aura digambara (jisake sAdhu ekadama nagna rahate haiM) sampradAya utpanna hue / jaina samAja aAja bhI donoM sampradAyoMmeM vibhAjita hai |'-eNshi0 iM. pR0 176 / zrI paM0 vizvezvaranAtha reUne likhA hai-kucha samaya bAda jaba akAla nivRtta ho gayA aura karnATakase jaina loga vApisa lauTe taba unhoMne dekhA ki magadhake jaina sAdhu pIchese nizcita kiye gaye dharma granthoMke anusAra zve tavastra pahanane lage haiN| parantu karnATakase lauTanevAloMne isa bAtako nahIM maanaa| isase vastra pahanane vAle jaina sAdhu zvetAmbara aura nagna rahanevAle digambara khlaaye|' -bhA0 prA0 rA0, bhAga 2, pR0 41 / hA0 .-pR0 11, hi0 iM0 li., (vinTara ) ji0 2, pR0 431.32 / 1-voDiya siSabhaIzro voDiyaliMgassa hoi uppttii'| -vise0 bhA0, gA0 2552 /

Page #419
264 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA huaa| voTikakA artha digambara jaina sampradAya kaise kiyA gayA aura kaise 'voTika' zabda niSpanna huA, yaha hama nahIM jAnate; kyoMki zvetAmbara sAhityameM isa viSayakA koI spaSTIkaraNa hamAre dekhanemeM nahIM AyA / zivabhUtiko bhI voTika kahA gayA hai| zAyada isIse usake dvArA pravartita sampradAyako bhI boTika saMjJA dI gaI hai| kintu aisI sthitimeM zivabhUtike dvArA pravartita voTika sampradAya hI digambara jaina sampradAya hai, yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai / isake sambandhameM jarmana oriyanTala sosAyaTIke jarnalameM DA0 yAkovIne eka vistRta lekha prakAzita karAyA thaa| usameM unhoMne likhA hai ki voTika saMpradAyakI utpatti digaMbara saMpradAyake bahuta kAla pazcAt huI hai| tathA zvetAmbaroMse digambaroMkA pArthakya bhadrabAhuke samayase kramazaH huA hai| kheda hai ki jarmana bhASAmeM honeke kAraNa hama usa lekhake viSayase pUrNa rUpase paricita nahIM ho ske| phira bha' usake ukta sArAMzase yaha spaSTa hai ki jekobI voTika sampradAya ko eka bhinna sampradAya mAnate the| ataH zvetAmbara sAhityakI ukta kathAse di0 jaina sampradAyakI utpatti pramANita karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| aura isaliye ukta ApattiyoM ke prakAzameM prakRta viSaya para ukta kathA asaMgata ThaharatI hai| jaba ki digambara sAhityama pAI jAne vAlI kathA aneka dRSTiyoMse susaMgata pratIta hotI hai| saMghabhedake mUla kAraNa vastrapara vicAra digambara tathA zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoMko kathAoMse tathA donoMke nAmase yaha to spaSTa hai ki donoM sAdhuoMke vastra paridhAna yA nagnatAke vivAdako hI saMgha bhedakA mUla kAraNa mAnate haiN| ataH yahA~ sAdhuoMke vastra paridhAna ke sambandhameM vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| isa samasyAko do kAloMmeM vibhAjita kara denA ucita hogA -eka bhagavAna mahAvIra

Page #420
saMgha bheda 365 tathA unake pUrvakA samaya aura eka bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAtkA samaya / . bha0 mahAvIra tathA unake pUrva vastrakI sthiti katipaya vidvAnoMkA aisA mata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra sudhAraka the-unhoMne bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI paramparAmeM aneka sudhAra kiye-caturyAmake sthAnameM paJcamahAvratakI paripATI pravartita kii| isI taraha pAva nAthakI sacela paramparAke sthAnameM acela paramparAko sthApita kiyaa| yaha mata uttarAdhyayanake kezI gautama saMvAdake AdhAra para hI sthApita huA hai| ____ pArzvanAthake caturyAmakI carcA meM kezI gautama saMvAdakA eka aMza hI hamane uddhRta kiyA thA aura dUsarA aMza jo sacelatA aura acelatAse sambaddha hai, Ageke liye chor3a diyA thaa| vaha aMza isa prakAra hai-kezI gautamase pUchatA hai-'mahAvIrane ace1-hA0 jai0, pR0 46 / se0 bu0 I0, ji0 45, prastAvanA pRSTha 22 / 2-acelazro a jo dhammo jo imo saMtaruttaro / desizro vaddhamANeNaM pAseNa ya mahAmuNI // 26 // ekakajapavannANaM visese kinu kAraNaM / liMge duvihe mehAvI ! kahaM vippacco na te // 30 // kesiM evaM vuvANaM tu goyamo innmvvvii| vinnANeNa samAgamma, dhammasAhaNamicchiyaM / / 31 / / paccayatthaM tu logassa nANAvihavigappaNaM / jattatthaM gahaNatyaM ca loge liMgapoyaNaM // 32 // aha bhave painnA u mokkhsmbhuuysaahnnaa| NANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva caritaM ceva nicchae // 33 // --uttarA0, 23 a0|

Page #421
366 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA laka dharmakA upadeza diyA aura pArzvanAthane 'saMtaruttara' dharmakA upadeza diyaa| eka hI mokSakAryake liye do prakArakA liMga batalAnekI kyA AvazyakatA thI ? gautama uttara dete haiM-pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIrane apane apane jJAnase jAnakara dharmake sAdhana batalAye haiN| tathA logoMke vizvAsake liye, lokayAtrAke liye aura jJAnako prAptike liye liMgakI AvazyakatA hotI hai| nizcayase to jJAna, darzana aura caritra hI mokSake sAdhana haiN| ___ gautamake dvArA kezoke praznakA jo samAdhAna karAyA gayA hai vaha bahuta calatA huA sA hai| ataH usake sambandhameM kucha kahanese pahale kezIke prazna para prakAza DAlanA ucita pratIta hotA hai| kezIne bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharmako acela batalAyA, so ThIka hI hai, isake sambandhameM yahA~ kucha kahanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kezIne pAzvanAthake dharmako 'saMtaruttara' kahA hai jisakA saMskRta rUpa 'sAntarottara' hotA hai| isa 'sAntarottara' zabdakI vyAkhyAmeM bhI TIkAkAroMne vahI gar3abar3I kI hai jo 'acela' zabdakI vyAkhyA meM kI gaI hai| hamAre sAmane uttarAdhyayanakI do TIkAe~ vartamAna haiM aura donoM meM 'sAntarottara' kA artha kiyA gayA hai.-'sAntara' arthAt vardhamAna svAmIke sAdhuoMkI apekSA pramANa aura varNameM viziSTa tathA 3-'sAntarANi-varddhamAnasvAmiyatyapekSayA mAnavarNavizeSataH savi. zeSANi, uttarANi-mahAmUlyatayA pradhAnAni prakramAt vastrANi yasminnasau -sAntarottaro dharmaH deshitH'| - uttarA0, TI0 nemicanda, pR0 266 /

Page #422
saMgha bheda 367 'uttara' arthAt mahAmUlya honeke kAraNa pradhAna, aise vastra jisameM dhAraNa kiye jAyeM vaha dharma sAntarottara hai| isakA Azaya yaha huA ki pArzvanAthake dharmameM sAdhuoMko mahAmUlyavAn aura aparimita vastra pahananekI anujJA thii| isa vyAkhyAke anusAra kezI avazya hI rAjasI vastroMmeM hoNge| phira bhI acela gautamako pArzvanAthake nigrantha sampradAyake usa AcAryako dekhakara raMcamAtra bhI Azcarya nahIM huA, yaha Azcarya hai / asalameM TIkAkAroMne 'saMtaruttara' kA yaha artha 'acela' zabdake arthako dRSTimeM rakhakara kiyA hai| jaba acelakA artha vastrAbhAvake sthAnameM kramazaH kutsita cela, alpacela aura amUlya cela kiyA gayA to saMtaruttara ( sAntarottara ) kA artha aparimita aura mahAmUlya vAle vastra honA hI cAhiye thaa| kintu yaha artha karate samaya TIkAkAra yaha zAyada bhUla hI gaye ki AcArAMga sUtra 206 meM bhI 'saMtaruttara' pada AyA hai aura vahA~ usakA artha kyA liyA gayA hai ? __ tIna vastradhArI sAdhuke liye AcArAMgameM batalAyA hai ki jaba zIta Rtu bIta jAye aura grISma Rtu A jAye to vastra yadi jIrNa na hoM to kahIM rakha de , athavA 'sAntarottara' ho jaaye| TIkAkAra AcArya zIlAMkane yahA~ sAntarottarakA artha kiyA' hai 1-'sAntaramuttaraM-prAvaraNIyaM yasya sa tathA kvacit prAvRNoti kvacit pArzvavarti vibharti |'-praacaa0 sU0 206, TIkA / DA0 yAkobIne apane uttarAdhyayanake anuvAdameM 'acela aura santuruttara' kA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai-'mahAvIrake dharmameM vastrakA niSedha thA kintu pArzvane eka antara aura eka uttara (eka adhovastra aura eka UparI vastra ) isa taraha do vastrokI AjJA dI thii| ( se 0 bu0 I0,

Page #423
398 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA 'sAntara hai uttara-or3hanA jisakA' arthAt jo AvazyakatA hone para vastrakA upayoga kara letA hai, nahIM to pAsameM rakhe rahatA hai / prAcAryane usakA khulAsA karate hue likhA hai-'zIta cale jAne para vastrako chor3a denA caahiye| athavA yadi kSetra aisA ho jahA~ abhI bhI ThaMDhI havA bahatI ho to zItase bacaneke liye aura apanI zaktiko tolane ke liye 'sAntarottara' ho jaaye| arthAt vastrakA parityAga na karake use pAsameM rakhe rahe, AvazyakatA ho to usakA upayoga kara le| kezIne jo pArzvanAthake dharmako sAntarottara' batalAyA hai vahA~ para bhI sAntarottarakA yahI artha susaMgata jAna par3atA hai| usase prakaTa hotA hai ki pArzvanAthake sAdhu sarvathA acela vihAra nahIM karate the kintu pAsameM vastra rakhate the| AvazyakatA dekhate the to usakA upayoga kara lete the| aura yaha chUTa unake liye isaliye dI gaI thI kyoMki ve sarala hRdaya aura jJAnI the| suvidhAke rahasyako samajhate the-usakA durupayoga karanekI durbuddhi unameM nahIM thii| isIliye pArzvanAthake dharmako zvetAmbara sAhityameM sacela aura acela donoM batalAyA hai| sAntarottarake ukta arthake sAtha usakI saMgati ThIka baiTha jAtI hai / jaba paarshvnaathke| sAdhu vastrakA upayoga karate the to ve sacela kahe jAte the aura jaba vastrakA upayoga nahIM karate the to ve acela kahe jAte the| kintu unakA Adarza acelatA thI sacelatA nhiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIrane apane ziSyoMkI sthitiko dekhakara usameM itanA sudhAra kara diyA ki hamAre sAdhu ji0 45, pR0 123 ) / zvetAmbara TIkAkAroM ke 'bahumUlya aura aparimita vastra' jaise arthase yA0 yAkobIkA artha adhika susaMgata pratIta hotA hai antara aura uttara vastrase sahita jo ho vaha sAntarottara hai|

Page #424
saMgha bheda 366 acela hI rheNge| 'sAntarottara' vAlI bAta unhoMne samApta kara dii| phira bhI pArzvanAthake sAdhuoMkI saralatA aura samajhadArIke kArae vastrakI jo chUTa sarvasAdhAraNake liye thI, bhagavAna mahAvIrane vaha chUTa kevala asamartha sAdhuoMke liye hI rakhI , aura usake sAtha aneka zarte lagA dI, jisase sAdhu vastrako apavAda mArga hI samajha utsarga mArga na samajha baitthe| kintu unake ziSyoMkI 'bakrajar3atA' ne kAla pAkara apanA raMga dikhAyA aura unhoMne aisI racanAe~ racI ki utsarga mArgako dhatA batAyA aura apavAda mArga ko utsarga mArga banA diyaa| zvetAmbara sAhityake parizIlanase ukta tathya sAmane AtA hai| isa viSayako aura bhI spaSTa karane vAle bhagavAna pArzvanAthake anuyAyI jo sAdhu bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM vartamAna the unake viSayameM bhI vicAra karanekI AvazyakatA hai ? .... pArzvastha-zithilAcArI sAdhu zvetAmbarIya AgamoMmeM pArzvanAthake anuyAyiyoMke liye 'pAsAvaJcija 'zabda AyA hai| jisakA saMskRta rUpa 'pApityIya' hotA hai aura artha hotA hai-pArzvasvAmIke paramparA ziSya / eka dUsarA zabda bhI pAyA jAtA hai jo pArzvanAthake anuyA. yioMke liye vyavahRta hotA thaa| baha zabda hai-pAsattha / isake do saMskRta rUpa hote haiM-eka pArzvastha aura eka pAzastha / pAzastha kA artha hotA hai 'pAzameM pha~sA huaa'| aura pArzvasthakA artha hotA hai-pArzvameM sthita / yaha 'pAsattha' zabda uttara kAla meM zithilAcArI sAdhuke liye vyavahRta huA hai| isa parase aisA lagatA hai ki mahAvIra bhagavAnake samayameM pAva ke anuyAyI sAdhu zithi.

Page #425
jai0 sA0 i0 -pUrva pIThikA lAcArI ho gaye the / athavA pArzva ke anuyAyI sAdhuoMko mahAvIra ke anuyAyI zithilAcArI mAnate the 1 400 aura aisA honA koI asaMbhava nahIM hai / isa sambandhameM DA0 jekobIne ThIka hI likhA hai- 'uttarAdhyayana sUtrake kezI- gautama saMvAdase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki pArzva aura mahAvIra ke bIcameM munidharmI naitika avasthA meM patana huA thA aura yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba antake donoM tIrthaGkaroM ke bIca meM kAphI laMbA antarAla rahA ho / aura isakA isa sAdhAraNa paraMparA se ki pArzva ke 250 varSa bAda mahAvIrakA avataraNa huA, pUrNa rUpa se samarthana hotA hai / ' ( se0 bu0 I0 ji0 45, pR. 122-123 ) digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoMmeM pArzvastha zithilAcArI sAdhukA eka bheda hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA hai ki pArzvastha muni indriya, kaSAya aura viSayoMse parAjita hokara caritrako tRNake samAna samajhatA hai ataH usase bhraSTa ho jAtA hai / jo muni pArzvastha munikI sevA karate haiM ve bhI pArzvastha bana jAte haiN| vyavahArasUtra meM likhA hai--- pArzvastha muni vasatikArakakA niSiddha bhojana karatA hai, varjita kuloMmeM jAkara bhojana karatA hai / Adi 1 iMdriya kasAyagurupattaNeNa caraNaM taraNaM va passaMto i giddhammo hu savittA sevadi pAsatthasevA || 1300 // 2 sejAyara kula nistiya, ThavaNakula paloyaNA abhihaDe ya / puvvi pacchA saMthava, nir3a agga piMDa bhoi pAsattho || 230 ||

Page #426
saMgha bheda 401 sUtrakRtAMga meM pArzvasthoMko anArya, bAla aura jinazAsanase vimukha ratalAte hue strI prAsakta bhI batalAyA hai, aura likhA hai ki ve aisA kahate haiM ki jaise phunsI phor3eko muhUrta bhara dabA dene se usakA mavAda nikalakara zAnti mila jAtI hai vaise hI samAgamakI prArthanA karane vAlI strIke sAtha samAgama karanese zAnti milatI hai isameM doSa kyA ? pahale hama likha Aye haiM ki pArzvanAthake dharmameM cAra yama the-ahiMsA, satya, dattAdAna aura aparigraha / brahmacarya aparigrahameM hI garbhita thA, kyoMki strIkA grahaNa kiye binA abrahmasevana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu bhagavAn mahAvIrane caturyAmake sthAnameM paJcamahAvrata sthApana kiye aura aparigrahoMmeM garbhita brahmacaryako spaSTa rUpase nirdiSTa karaneke liye eka pRthak vratakA sthAna diyaa| isa parivartanake prakAzameM pArzvasthoMke viSayameM sUtrakRtAMgake ukta kathanakA nirIkSaNa karanese yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki cAra yamoMmeM brahmacaryakA nirdeza na honese pArzvastha muniyoMmeM durAcArakI pravRtti bhI cala par3I thI, aura sambhavataH isIse bhagavAna mahAvIrako brahmacaryakA pRthak nirdeza karanA par3A thaa| 1 'evamege u pAsatthA pannavaMti aNAriyA / itthIvasaM gayA bAlA jiNasAsaNaparammuhA / / 6 / / TI-'sadanuSThAnAt pArzve tiSThantIti pArzva sthAH, . svayUthyA vA pAca sthAvasannakuzIlAdayaH striipriisshjitaaH|' -sUtrakRtA0 3 0,4 u0 / 'jahA gaMDaM pilAgaM vA paripIleja muhuttagaM / evaM vinnavaNitthIsu, doso tattha ko siyA // 10 // -sUtra0, 2104 u0 /

Page #427
402 jai0 sA0 i. pUrva pIThikA ___ bhagavatI sUtra Adi zvetAmbarIya Agamika sAhityase jJAta hotA hai ki pArzvanAthake anuyAyI sAdhuoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA unake anuyAyI sthaviroMke pAsa jAkara punaH pravrajyA grahaNa kii| yahA~ udAharaNake liye kAlAsa nAmaka pArkhApatyakI pravrajyAkA varNana diyA jAtA hai| .. - pArthApatyIya kAlAsa vesiyaputta ( kAlAzya vaizika putra ) nAmaka anagAra (sAdhu ) jahA~ sthavira the vahA~ gayA aura bolAzrI mahAvIra jina ke ziSya sAmAyika nahIM jAnate, sAmAyikakA artha nahIM jAnate, saMyama nahIM jAnate, saMyamakA artha nahIM jAnate, saMvarako nahIM jAnate, saMvarakA artha nahIM jAnate, viveka nahIM jAnate, vivekakA artha nahIM jAnate, utsarga nahIM jAnate, utsagakA artha nahIM jaante| ___ taba sthavira kAlAsa vesiyaputtase isa prakAra bole-Arya ! hama sAmAyika jAnate haiN| sAmAyikakA artha jAnate haiM, aura sAmAyikase lekara vyutsarga paryanta saba jAnate haiN| kAlAsa vesikaputta punaH bolA-yadi Arya ! Apa sAmAyikako jAnate haiM, aura sAmAyikase vyutsarga taka sabakA artha jAnate haiM to batalAiye inakA kyA artha hai ? sthavira bole-Arya ! AtmA hI sAmAyika hai...."AtmA hI vyutsarga hai| . yaha sunakara kAlAsavesiya puttane pUchA-to krodha mAna mAyA lobhako tyAga kara unakI gardA kyoM karate haiM ? saMyamake liye| gardA saMyama hai yA agardA ?

Page #428
saMgha bheda 403 gardA saMyama hai| kintu kevala gA~se hI saba doSoMkA kSaya nahIM hotaa| saba mithyAtva avirati Adiko jAnakara ( unakA parityAga karanese) AtmA saMyamameM lagatA hai, saMyamameM juTatA hai, saMyamameM sthira hotA hai| ___ yaha sunakara kAlAsavesiya puttane sthavirakI vandanA kI unheM namaskAra kiyA aura bolA-bhagavAn ! na jAnane na sunane, na prApta hone, vistArase na samajhAye jAne Adike kAraNa adRSTa, azruta, avijJAta,avyAkRta, avyucchinna aura anavadhArita padoMkA na maiMne zraddhAna kiyA, na prema kiyA, na maiMne unameM ruci kii| Apa jaisA kahate haiM vaisA hI ho| taba bhagavAn bole-Arya jo kucha maiMne kahA hai usapara zraddhA karo, vizvAsa karo, ruci kro| taba kAlAsavesiya puttane bhagavAnkI vandanA karake namaskAra kiyA aura bolA-maiM Apake pAsa cAturyAma dharmase sapratikramaNa pazcamahAvrata dhAraNa karanA cAhatA hUM / deva ! isameM roke nhiiN| __ taba kAlAsavesiya puttane bhagavAnkI vandanA kI, unheM namaskAra kiyA aura cAturyAma dharmase sapratikamaNa paJcamahAvrata dhAraNa kiyaa| aura jisake liye nagnapanA, muNDitapanA, asnAna, dantadhAvana na karanA, chAtA na rakhanA, jUtA na pahiranA, bhUmi para sonA, kASThapara kASThake takhte para sonA, keza loMca, brahmacaryapUrvaka nivAsa, paraghara gamana, lAbhAlAbha, anukUla-pratikUla, bAIsa parISaha aura upasargako sahA jAtA hai usa artha para ArohaNa karake kAlAsavesiya putta siddha buddha mukta aura parinivRtta ho gyaa| -bha0 sU0 77, 1 za0,6 u0| isI taraha eka aura gAMgeya' nAmaka pArthApatyIya anagAra 1-'tappabhiI ca NaM se gaMgeye aNagAre samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM paJca

Page #429
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara unase naraka-svarga meM utpattiko lekara aneka prazna karatA hai aura unake uttaroMse santuSTa hokara yaha mAna letA hai ki mahAvIra sarvajJa sarvadarzI haiN| tathA unase phirase pravrajyA letA hai / 404 kAlAsavesiya putta tathA gAMgeyake isa vivaraNa se kaI tathya prakaTa hote haiM / prathama, pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI anagAroMko yadi ve mahAvIrake anuyAyI bananA cAhate the, to punaH dIkSA lenI par3atI thI / pArzvanAthake dharma meM dIkSita honese hI unheM bhagavAna mahAvIra nahIM apanA lete the| dUsare, pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI anagAroMko dharmakI paramparAkA jJAna nahIM rahA thA, sAmAyika AdikA svarUpa aura yathArtha prayojana ajJAta aura azruta ho cale the, unheM jAnane aura sunane ke sAdhana kSINa ho gaye the / sambhavataH isI se 'pAsattha' zabda jo yathArtha meM pArzva svAmI meM sthita arthAt pArzvasvAmIke anuyAyIkA vAcaka thA, zithilAcArI aura ajJAnI sAdhuke liye vyavahRta hone lagA thA / kintu usa samaya aise bhI pArzvApatyIya saMgha the jo svatantra vihAra karate the aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake saMgha meM sammilita nahIM hue the / isake udAharaNa ke rUpameM eka to kezIko hI upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai, jo zrAvastIke udyAnameM saMgha sahita ThaharA bhijANai savvannu savvadarisI, tae AMse gaMgeye aNagAre samaNaM bhagakaM mahAbIraM tikkhutto zrAyANiNa payAhiNaM karei, karettA baMdedda, namaMsai, vaMdittA namaMsittA evaM vayAsI - icchAmi NaM bhaMte ! tujjhaM aMtiyaM cAujjAmAno dhammAla paMca mahavvaiyaM / evaM jahA kAlAsavesiya putto taheva bhANi - yavvaM jAva savvadukkhappahINe / sevaM bhaMte sevaM bhace ! ( sUtra 376 ) / / Jain Educationa International --- - bha0 sU0, 6 zata0, 5 u0 For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #430
saMgha bheda 405 huA thA aura gautama svayaM jisase milaneke liye gaye the| dUsare eka aise hI bar3e saMghakA nirdeza bhagavatI' meM hai, jisameM 500 anagAra the| inheM bahuzruta batalAyA hai| isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI pApitya ajJAnI nahIM the, jJAnI bhI the| aura sambhavatayA isIse ve mahAvIrake pAsa nahIM gye| ___inake na jAnekA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ina pApityIya anagAroMko punaH dIkSita karake hI apane dharmameM sammilita karate the| aura isase bhagavAna mahAvIrakI AcArake prati dRr3hatAkA patA calatA hai| __ pApityIyoMkI zithilAcAritA unase ajJAta nahIM thii| "sAntarottara' vastrakA durupayoga dekhakara hI unhoMne 'acela' dharma pratiSThita kiyA thA aura isIse pArvApatyIyoMko bhI nagnatAkI dIkSA lenA par3atI thii| ye bAta saba pArthApatyIyoMko rucikara nahIM ho sakatI thii| isase aneka pArthApatyIya sAdhu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa pravrajita nahIM hue| kintu Age jAkara unhoMne bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrakA dharma aMgIkAra kiyA, yA ve aise hI bane rahe, isake jAnanekA koI sAdhana nahIM hai| sambhava hai mahAvIrake pazcAt ukta pArthApatyIya anagAra bhI mahAvIrake anagAroMmeM sammilita ho gaye hoM aura zrAvastIke udyAnameM hue kezo-gautama saMvAdane usakI bhUmikA taiyAra kara dI ho|| Azcarya ibhI para hai ki kezIne gautamase jo pArzvanAtha aura aura mahAvIrake dharmameM antarako lekara prazna kiye, ye prazna kisIne 1 'teNa kAleNaM pAsAvaJcijA therA bhagavaMto "bahussuyA bahu parivArA paMcahi aNagArasaehiM sddhiN'|-bh0 sU0 107, 2 zadeg, 5 u0 /

Page #431
406 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmIse kyoM nahIM kiye ? aneka pArzvapatyayoM ke bhI bhagavAnase prazna karanekA varNana bhagavatI Adi meM pAyA jAtA hai / kintu aise mahatvake prazna bhagavAnase kisIne nahIM kiye, aura na bhagavAna ke zrImakhase unapara kucha prakAza DAlA gayA / gautamane bhI bhagavAnase bahuta se prazna kiye kintu unhoMne bhI donoM dharmoke antara ke sambandhamaM bhagavAn se koI prazna nahIM kiyA / yaha bAta uttarAdhyayanameM nirdiSTa kezI gautama saMvAda ke sambandha meM sandeha ko utpanna karatI hai / * phira bhI zvetAmbara sAhityase prApta vivaraNake AdhAra vara itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAthake dharmameM sAdhuoMke liye sAntarottara vastrakI vyavasthA thI-- arthAt sAdhu vatra pAsa meM rakhate the aura AvazyakatA ke samaya use or3ha lete the / kintu yaha sthiti usa samayakI thI jaba pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM meM zithilAcAra A cukA thA / ataH pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ne sAdhuoMke va ke viSaya meM vAstavameM kyA yahI nIti nirdhArita kI thI yaha nissandeha rUpase nahIM kahA jA sakatA / phira bhI itanA mAnakara calA jA sakatA hai ki vastrake viSaya meM jitanI kar3I nIti bhagavAna mahAvIrane apanAyI, utanI pArzvanAthane nahIM apnaaii| unheM apane sAdhutroM kI saralatA aura samajhadArI para vizvAsa thA / unase yaha AzA kI jAtI thI ki ve prApta suvidhAke tathya ko samajhakara usakA durupayoga nahIM kreNge| kintu mahAvIra bhagavAna ke samaya meM sthiti badala cukI thI / ataH unhoMne acela' ko Avazyaka kalpa nirdhArita karanA ucita samajhA / digambara tathA zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoMmeM sAdhuoM ke dasa kalpa batalAye haiM / kalpa vyavasthA yA samyak AcArako kahate

Page #432
saMgha bheda 407 haiN| ye kalpa sthita aura asthitake bhedase do prakArake haiN| zvetAmbara sAhityake anusAra prathama aura antima tIrthaGkarake anuyAyI sAdhuoMke liye dasoM kalpa sthita kalpa haiM kyoMki una sAdhuoMko dasoM kalpoMkA satata sevana karanA hotA hai| ve dasa kalpa' isa prakAra haiM -1 Acelakya-acelapanA, 2 uddiSTa tyAga, 3 vasatikartAke piNDAdikA tyAga, 4 rAjapiNDakA tyAga, 5 kRti karma, 6 mahAvrata, 7 puruSakI jyeSThatA, 8 pratikramaNa, 6 eka mAsa taka eka sthAna para rahanA aura 10 varSAkAlameM cAra mAsa taka eka sthAna para rhnaa| __ ina dasa kalpoMmeM se Acelakya', uddiSTa tyAga, pratikramaNa, rAjapiNDakA tyAga, mAsa aura paryuSaNA ye chai kalpa madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke kAlameM asthitakalpa haiM kyoMki unake anuyAyiyoMke liye inakA satata sevana karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| unake liye kevala cAra kalpa sthita haiM-vasati kartAke piNDakA tyAga, caturyAma, puruSakI jyeSThatA aura kRti karma / ukta kathanakA sArAMza yaha hai ki Acelakya dharma prathama aura antima tIrthaGkarake sAdhuoMke liye to avazya AcaraNIya hai 1-zrAcelakkussiya sijAyara-rAyapiMDa-kiikamme / vaya jeTTha-paDikkayaNe mAsaM pajosavaNa kappo // -vR0 ka0, 4 u0 / bha0 prA0 gA0 421 / 2-zrAcelakkusiya-paDikkamaNa rAyapiMDa-mAsesu / pajjusaNakappammi ya aTThiyakappo muNeyayo // 8 // sijAyara piMDammiya cAujAme ya purisajeTe ya / kitikammarasa ya karaNe Thiyakappo majjhimANaM pi // 10 // -paJcA0, viva0 17 //

Page #433
4.8 . jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kintu madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke sAdhuoMke liye avazya AcaraNIya nahIM hai / isIse prathama aura antima tIrthaGkarakA dharma acela batalAyA hai aura zeSa bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMkA dharma sacela acela donoM batalAye haiN| yahA~ dhyAna denekI bAta yaha hai ki jaise prathama aura antima tIrthaGkarakA dharma acela hI batalAyA hai vaise madhyake zeSa bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMkA dharma sacela hI nahIM btlaayaa| kintu acelake sAtha sAtha sacela bhI batalAyA hai| arthAt jaba ki prathama aura antima tIrthaGkarake sAdhuoMke liye acela rahanA anivArya thA taba madhyake bAIsa tIthaGkaroMke sAdhuoMke liye acela rahanA anivArya nahIM thA, paristhitivaza ve sacela bhI raha sakate the| isa bheda kA kAraNa thA usa samayake sAdhujanoMkI manovRtti, jisakA nirdeza pArzvanAthake caturyAmakA varNana karate samaya kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI spaSTIkaraNake liye paJcAzakase naTakA dRSTAnta uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| prathama tIrthaGkarakA koI sAdhu bhikSAke liye gyaa| mArgameM naTa kA khela dekhakara derase lauTA / kintu cUMki vaha Rju-saralahRdaya thA isaliye usane guruse nivedana kara diyA ki maiMne naTakA khela dekhA hai| AcAryane use manA karate hue kahA ki sAdhuko naTakA khela nahIM dekhanA cAhiye / usane gurukI AjJA svIkAra kara lii| dUsare dina vaha punaH bhikSAke liye gayA aura mArga meM kisI bahu. rupiyAkA svAMga dekhakara lauTA aura guruse pUrvavat nivedana kara diyaa| guru bole-hamane to kala tumase manA kiyA thaa| vaha bolA-Apane to naTakA khela dekhaneke liye manA kiyA thA, maiMne to bahurupiyekA svAMga dekhA hai| use dekhaneke liye to Apane manA nahIM kiyA thaa| taba AcAryane isa prakArake sarva vinodoMko dekhanA tyAjya batalAyA aura sAdhune svIkAra karake phira naha

Page #434
... saMgha bheda 409 dekhA / isa taraha prathama jinake sAdhu hRdayake sarala kintu buddhike manda hote the| jitanA kahA jAtA utanA hI saralatAse mAna lete the| Age vicAra nahIM karate the / yahI bAta usa samayake gRhasthoMkI bhI thii| ataH una sabako Rju kintu jar3a kahA hai| ___ madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke anuyAyI ziSya sarala honeke sAtha sAtha buddhimAna bhI the| ataH naTake khela dekhanekA niSedha karane para apanI buddhise hI ve samajha jAte the ki isa prakArake sabhI vinoda tyAjya haiN| kintu antima jina mahAvIrake ziSya buddhihIna honeke sAtha sAtha kuTilamati bhI the isaliye unheM vakrajar3a' kahA hai| ve yadi naTakA khela dekhakara lauTate to prathama to kahate hI nahIM the aura derase lauTanekA kAraNa pUchane para taraha tarahake bahAne banA dete the| isaliye prathama aura antima jinake sAdhuoMke liye 'acela' avazya karaNIya kahA gayA thaa| kintu itanA spaSTa nirdeza karane para bhI unakI tathokta vakrajar3atAne 'acela' aura nAgnya jaise spaSTa zabdoMke arthameM bhI parivartana karake vastra paridhAnakI guMjAiza hI nayIM nikAlI kintu Acelakya nAmaka sthitikalpakA eka tarahase saphAyA hI kara diyaa| bha0 mahAvIrake pazcAt vastrakI sthiti para prakAza prakRta biSaya para prakAza DAlaneke liye sabase prathama hama 1-vaMkA u Na sAhaMtI puTThA u bhaNaMti ugaha kaMTAdI / pAhuNaga saddha Usava gihiNo vi ya vAulaMteva / / 5358 // 'pazcimatIrthakarasAdhavo vakratvena kimappakRtyaM pratisevyApi na kathayaMti nAlocayanti, jaDatayA ca jAnanto'jAnanto vA bhUyastathaivAparAdhapade pravartante / evaM gRhiNo'pi vakrajar3atayA sAdhUna vyAmohayanti / ' ____-vR0 klp|

Page #435
410 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA AcArAMga sUtrako hI lenA ucita samajhate haiM kyoMki usameM muniyoMke pracArakA varNana hai yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki muniyoMke dasa kalpoM meM eka 'kalpa acelakya hai aura eka kalpa paJca mahAvrata hai / hiMsAkA tyAga, asatyakA tyAga, adattakA tyAga, brahmacarya aura parigrahakA tyAga ye pA~ca mahAvrata haiM / acelakyako parigraha tyAgase alaga ginAyA hai / AcArAMga lokasAra nAmaka pA~caveM adhyayana meM parigrahake tyAgakA upadeza dete hue likhA hai - "lokameM jitane paripraha vAle haiM unakI parigraha alpa ho yA bahuta, sUkSma ho yA sthUla, sacetana ho yA acetana, ve saba ina parigraha vAle gRhasthoM meM hI antabhUta hote haiM / ina parigraha vAloMke liye yaha parigraha mahAbhaya kA kAraNa hai / saMsArakI dazA jAnakara ise chor3o / jo isa pariprahako jAnatA bhI nahIM hai use parigrahase honevAlA bhaya nahIM hotA ' / ' 1 Age bhI sUtra 152 meM isI bAtakA samarthana kiyA hai ki. loka meM jitane bhI aparigrahI sAdhu haiM ve saba alpa parigrahakA bhI tyAga kara dene para hI aparigrahI hote hai / AcArAMgake ukta kathanase yaha spaSTa hai ki aparigrahI sAdhake liye thor3A sA bhI parigraha rakhanA ucita nahIM mAnA gayA / aisI 1 - 'zrAvaMtI keyAvaMtI logaMsi pariggaddA vaMtI se appaM vA bahu vA aNu N vA thUlaM vA cittamaMta vA cittamaMtaM vA eesu cetra pariggahAvaMtI, etadeva egesiM mahavbhayaM bhavai, logavitaM ca gaM uvehAe, ee saMge viyAtrA / / 150 / / '

Page #436
saMgha bheda 411. sthitimeM zvetAmbara sampradAyameM jo sAdhuke liye aneka prakArakI upadhiyA~ batalAI haiM unakI saMgati nahIM baiTha sktii| yaha bAta AcArAMga cUrNike racayitAko tathA TIkAkArako bhI khaTakI / ataH unhoMne ukta sUtrakI apanI apanI vyAkhyAoMmeM isa Apatti ko pUrva pakSake rUpameM rakhakara usakA jo samAdhAna kiyA vaha bhI dRSTavya hai| Ava0 cU0 meM likhA hai-'yadi alpa yA bahuta, sUkSma yA sthUla, cetana yA acetana vastuko grahaNa karanA parigraha hai to jo ye zarIra mAtra parigraha vAle aura hastapuTameM AhAra karane vAle haiM, ve hI aparigrahI hue / jaise voTiga (digambara sAdhu) vagairaha kyoMki unake pAsa alpa bhI parigraha nahIM hotii| aura jaba ve hI aparigrahI haiM to zeSa vrata bhI unhIMke hoMge, brata hone para saMyama aura saMyama se mokSa bhI unhIMko hogaa| kintu aisA nahIM hai kyoMki voTikoMke pAsa jo jalapAtra aura unakA zarIra hai vahI parigraha hai / vahI unake bhayakA kAraNa hai| ___AcArya zIlAMkane ukta sUtrako apanI TIkAmeM bhI prA0 cU0 kI taraha hI zaGkA samAdhAna likhA hai-voTika bhI pIchI rakhate haiM zarIra rakhate haiM, bhojana grahaNa karate haiN| zAyada kahA jAye ki ye saba cIjeM dharmameM sahAyaka haiM to vastra pAtra vagairaha bhI dharmake sAdhana haiM, ataH digambarakA Agraha rakhanA vyartha hai| ukta samAdhAnase TIkAkAroMkI manovRttikA patA calatA hai, sabhIne prAyaH isI prakArake kutarkakA Azraya liyA hai / astu, Age A0cA0 sU0 ( 182 ) meM acelatAkI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai

Page #437
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA "isa prakAra su-AkhyAta dharmavAlA aura AcAra kA paripAlaMka jo muni karmabandhake kAraNa karmoMko chor3akara acela - vastrarahita rahatA hai usa bhikSuko yaha cintA nahIM satAtI, merA vastra jIrNa ho gayA hai vastra bhAgU~gA yA jIrNa vastrako sIne ke liye dhAgA mAgU~gA, sUI mAgU~gA, phaTe vastrako sIU~gA, yadi vastra choTA huA to usameM anya vastrako jor3akara bar3A karU~gA, bar3A huA to phAr3akara choTA karU~gA taba use pahanUMgA yA ohU~gA / athavA bhramaNa karate hue usa acela bhikSuko tRNasparza hotA hai, ThaMDa lagatI hai, garmI lagatI hai, DAMsa macchara kATate haiM / acelapane meM - lAghava mAnatA huA vaha bhikSu parasparameM aviruddha aneka prakArakI parISahoM ko sahatA hai / aisA karanese vaha tapako bhale prakAra dhAraNa karatA hai / jaisA bhagavAnane kahA hai use hI samyaka jAno / isa prakAra cirakAla taka saMyamakA pAlana karanevAle mahAvIra bhagavAnane bhavyajIvoMko jo tRNasparza AdikA sahana karanA batalAyA hai use sahana karo || sU0 182 / ' 412 (1) "eyaM khu muNI zrAyANaM sayA sukkhAyadhamme vihUyakappe nijjhosaittA je cele parivusie tassa gaM bhikkhusta no evaM bhavai - parijue me vatthe vatthaM jAissAmi, suttaM jAissAmi, sUiM jAissAmi, saMdhissAmi, sIvissAmi, ukkasissAmi, vukkasissAmi, parihissAmi, pANissAmi / aduvA tattha parikkamaMtaM bhujo acelaM tagaphAsA phusaMti, sIyaphAsA phusaMti, teukAsA phusaMti, daMsamasakaphAsA phusaMti, egayare annayare virUvarUve phAse ahiyAsei cele lAghavaM zrAgamamANe / teve se abhisamannAgae bhavai, jaheyaM bhagavayA paveiyaM tameva abhisamiccA, savvazro, savvattAe saMmatameva samabhijANijA / evaM afi mahAvIrANaM cirarAyaM puvvAiM vAsANi royamANaM pAsa hiyA * siyaM // sUtra 182 // " *

Page #438
saMgha bheda 413 - isa prakAra acelakatAmeM lAghava batajAkara Age vimokSAdhyayanameM vastrakA vidhAna karate hue kahA hai__"jo bhikSu tIna vastra aura cauthA pAtra rakhatA hai use aisA nahIM hotA hai ki cauthA vastra mAyU~gA / ( yadi usake pAsa bastra na ho aura zItakAla A jAye to use ) eSaNAke anusAra hI vastra mA~gane cAhiye aura jaise mileM vaise hI rakhane caahiye| unheM dhonA nahIM cAhiye, dhokara ra~ge hue vastra nahIM rakhane cAhiye / prAmAntarako jAte hue vasroMko chipAnA nahIM caahiye| isa prakAra vaha avamacelaka-arthAt alpavastravAlA sAdhu hotA hai / yaha vastradhArI sAdhukI sAmagrI hai / jaba zItakAla bIta jAya aura grISma Rtu zrAjAya tathA vastra yadi jIrNa na hue hoM to unheM kahIM rakha de (aura nagna vicaraNa kare, yadi zItakAla cale jAne para bhI ThaMDa par3atI ho to ) vastroMko apane pAsa rakhe, jaba Avazyaka ho taba oDhale, AvazyakatA na ho taba utAra de| athavA tInameM se do vastra rakha le, athavA eka zATaka rakha le athavA acela ho jaaye| sU0 208, 206 / / " * isase Age do vastra rakhane vAle bhikSuke sambandhameM bhI yahI vidhAna kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki jisa bhikSuko yaha mAlUma ho ki maiM azakta hUM aura gRhasthoMke ghara jAkara bhikSAcAra nahIM kara 1 "je bhikkhu tihiM vatyehiM parivusie, pAyaca uttherhi tassa NaM no evaM bhavai cautthaM vatthaM jAissAmi, se ahesaNijAI vatthAI jAijA aparigahiyAiM vatthAI dhArijA, no dhoyarattAI vatthAI dhArijA, apali zrovamANe gAmaMtaresu aomacelie, evaM khu vatthadhArissa sAmaggiyaM / ' 'aha puNa evaM jANijA-uvAikate khalu hemaMte gimhe paDivanne ahAparijunnAI vatthAI parihavijA, aduvA saMtaruttare aduvA aomacele aduvA egasADe aduvA acele ||suu0 208, 209 // "

Page #439
414 jai0 sA0 30-pUrva pIThikA sakatA usako yadi koI bhojana lAkara de to use lauTA denA caahiye| Ageke sUtrameM aise rogI sAdhuke liye bhaktaparijJAke dvArA jIvana tyAga denA Avazyaka batalAyA hai kintu AcAra khaNDana karanekA niSedha kiyA hai / Age likhA hai 'jo bhikSu acela saMyamako dhAraNa karatA hai use yadi yaha vicAra Aye ki maiM tRNa sparzakI bAdhA saha sakatA hU~, zAta sparza kI bAdhA saha sakatA hUM, uSNa sparzakI bAdhA. saha sakatA hU~, DAMsa maccharakI bAdhA saha sakatA hUM kintu lajjAke pracchAdanako chor3ane meM asamartha hUM to vaha kaTibandha-laMgoTI dhAraNa karatA hai|' ___ isa taraha AcArAMgameM vastradhArI sAdhuke liye bhI mAtra zIta RtumeM tIna vastroMkA vidhAna kiyA hai aura prISmaRtumeM saMtaruttara athavA omacela athavA ekazATaka athavA acela hI rahanekA nirdeza kiyA hai| ___ sthAnAMga meM pA~ca bAtoMko lekara acelako prazasta batalAyA hai- prati lekhanA alpa hotI hai, 2 prazasta lAghava rahatA hai, vizvAsa karane yogya rUpa hai, tapakI anujJA hai aura vipula indriya nigrahakA kAraNa hai| tathA sthAnAMga meM bhI vastra dhAraNa karaneke tIna kAraNa batalAye haiM-1 lajjA nivAraNa, glAni nivAraNa aura parISaha nivAraNa 1-sUtra 220 / 2-paMcahi ThANehiM acelae pasatthe bhavaha / taM jahA-appA paDilehA, lAghavie pasatthe, rUve vesAsie, tave aNuNNAe, viule iMdiyaniggahe / (sU0 455)-sthA0 5 ThA0, 3 u0 3-tihiM ThANehiM vatthaM dharejA / taM0-hiripattiyaM, duguMchApattiyaM parIsahapattiyaM / / 171 suu0|-sthaa|

Page #440
saMgha bheda 415 zIta uSNa DAMsa maccharakI parISahase bacanA / isa sUtrakI TIkAmeM eka gAthA' uddhRta hai, jisameM batalAyA hai ki liMgake vikAroMko DhAMkaneke liye vastra batalAyA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki ukta pA~ca kAraNoMse prazasta to acela hI hai kintu jo sAdhu zIta Adike kaSTako sahana karanemeM asamartha ho, yA lajjAko jItane meM azakta ho, strIko dekhakara jisake aMgameM vikAra utpanna ho jAtA ho yA jisakA puruSa cinha aisA ho jise dekhakara glAni paidA ho, to usake liye Rtu anusAra tIna vastroMkI anujJA thii| yaha AcArAMga Adike avalokanase spaSTa hotA hai| .... kintu tathokta prAcIna upalabdha AgamoMmeM pAI jAnevAlI ukta sthitiko bhI uttara kAlake granthakAroM aura TIkAkAroMne bharasaka bhraSTa karake vastra pAtravAdake pracArako hI apanA lakSya banAyA , aura usIke poSaNameM apanI zakti aura zraddhAkA upayoga kiyA / isake liye sabase prathama jinakalpa aura sthavira kalpakA Azraya liyA gayA / (kisI prAcIna aMgameM inakA nirdeza mere dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| vRhatkalpasUtra meM hI mujhe unakA prathama nirdeza milA hai|) aura AcArAMgake acelakatA pratipAdaka ullekhoMko jinakalpa kA pratipAdaka karAra diyA gyaa| AgamoMmeM jo kaThora AcaraNa varNita thA vaha saba jinakalpakA AcAra batalAyA gyaa| aura phira jina kalpake vicchinna honekI ghoSaNA kara dI gaI ki jambU 1-'zrAha ca-veuni vAuDe vAie ya hiri khaddha pajaNaNe ceva / esiM aNuggaTThA liMgudayaTThA ya paTTo u // " 2--'chabvihA kappaThiI pannattA, taM jahA-jiNa kappa liI, thera kappa. TThiA ti vemi //

Page #441
416 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA svAmIke mokSa jAneke pazcAt koI jinakalpa dhAraNa nahIM kara sktaa| isa ghoSaNAkA zreya jina bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa mahArAjako hai unake bizeSAvazyaka bhASyameM hI jinakalpakA viccheda karanevAlI gAthA pAI jAtI hai| vastrakA joradAra samarthana bhI usImeM milatA hai| tathA acelake vAstavika arthameM parivartana bhA unakI kRtimeM 'dekhA jAtA hai| acelaka aura nAgnyake arthameM parivartana AcArAMgake acelakatA pratipAdaka vAkyoMko jinakalpakA karAra dekara aura jinakalpake vicchinna honekI ghoSaNAke pazcAt dUsarA kArya yaha kiyA gayA ki acela aura nAganya jaise spaSTa zabdoMke bhI arthameM parivartana kara DAlA gyaa| 'vRhatkalpasUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASyameM acelake do bheda kiye haiM-eka saMtAcela (vastra rahate hue bhI acela ) aura eka asaMta cela ( vastrAbhAva honese acela ) / tIrthaGkaroMko asaMtacela batalAyA hai kyoMki devadUSyake gira jAneke pazcAt unake pAsa sarvadA hI vastrakA abhAva rahatA hai| zeSa sabhI sAdhuoMko jinameM jinakalpI bhI A jAte haiM, saMtAcela kahA hai kyoMki unake pAsa rajo 3-'maNa paramohi-pulAe zrAhAraga-khavaga uvasame kappe / saMjamatiya kevalisijhaNA ya jaMbummi vucchiNNA // 2563 // " -vi0 bhA0 2-duviho hoti acelo, saMtAcelo asaMtacelo ya / titthagarA asaMta celA saMtAcelA bhave sesA // -0 ko

Page #442
saMgha bheda 417 haraNa aura muMhapaTTI avazya rahatI hai. ataH ve vastra rahate hue bhI acela kahe jAte haiM / isa para yaha zaGkA kI gaI ki vastra rahate hue acela kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? to uttara diyA gayA ki zAstra meM, lokameM, vastrake rahate hue bhI acela kahanekI rUr3hi hai| ___ sArAMza yaha hai ki acelake do bheda kiye gaye eka mukhya aura eka gauNa / mukhya acela kevala tIrthaGkara the| Ajakala ke logoMke liye mukhya acelapanA upakArI nahIM ho sakatA / ataH jo muni eSaNA samitike dvArA prApta nirdoSa, jIrNa, nissAra aura alpa vastra dhAraNa karate haiM yA kadAcit vastra dhAraNa karate haiM ve sacela hote hue bhI upacArase acela kahe jAte haiN| jaise koI manuSya nadIko pAra karate samaya apane saba vastra utAra kara sira para rakha letA hai to loga vastra hote hue bhI use naMgA hI kahate haiM vaise hI vastra rahate hue bhI muni acela kahe jAte haiN| tathA jaise koI strI phaTI huI jIrNa sAr3I pahine hue hai| vaha julAheke pAsa jAkara kahatI hai-he julAhe ! mere liye jaldI 1-'sadasaMta celago'celago ya jaM logasamayasaMsiddho / teNAcelA muNA saMtehi jiNA asaMtehi / / 2568 // parisuddhajuNNakucchiya thovA'niyayannabhogabhogehiM / muNazro mucchArahiyA saMtehiM acelayA hoti / / 2560 // jaha jalamavagAhaMto bahucelo vi siraveTThiyakaDillo / bhaeNai naro acelo taha muNo saMtacelA vi // 2600 // taha thovajunnakacchiyacelehi vi bhannae acelotti / jaha tura sauliya lahu~do votti naggiyA motti // 2601 // ' -vize0 bhA0 27

Page #443
418 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sAr3I bunakara do, maiM naMgI phiratI huuN| vaise hI sAdhu bhI alpa, jIrNa aura nissAra vastra dhAraNa karaneke kAraNa acela kahA jAtA hai| isI taraha 'dazavaikAlikameM eka gAthA AI hai jisameM batalAyA hai ki nagna sAdhuko AbhUSaNoMse kyA prayojana ? isa gAthA ke 'nagiNassa' zabdakA artha cUrNikArane to nagna hI kiyA hai| yathA-'nagiNo Naggo bhenni'| kintu TIkAkAra haribhadra sUrine nagnake ucaritanagna aura nirupacarita nagna do bheda karake kucelavAna sAdhuko upacaritanagna aura jinakalpIko nirupacarita nagna kahA hai| ___ isa taraha acelakA upacarita artha jIrNa phaTA huA aura nissAra kucela artha karake isa prakArake vastradhArI sAdhuko upacAra se acela kahA gyaa| kintu jaba isa prakArakA kutsita vastra arucikara pratIta huA to acelakA artha alpamUlyacela ( kama kImatI vastra ) kara diyA gyaa| arthAt jo na phaTA ho, na jIrNa ho, na kutsita ho, kintu kama kImatakA ho, aise vastradhArI sAdhu bhI acela hI haiN| isa taraha AcArAMgasUtra vRtti, sthAnAMgasUtravRtti, uttarAdhyayansUtravRtti, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya savRtti; vRhatkalpa bhASya, paJcAzaka, jItakalpa, pravacana sAroddhAra Adi sabhI zvetAmbarAya granthoMmeM acelatAke Azrayase sacelatAkA hI poSaNa milatA hai, jo ki AcArAMgake pratikUla hai / hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki AcArAMga 1-nagiNassa vA vi muNDassa dIharomanahasiNo / mehuNa-uvasaMtassa kiM vibhUsAI kArinaM // 34 // 2-'nagnasya vApi' kucelavato'pyupacaritanagnasya / nirupacarita nagnasya vA jinakalpikasyeti sAmAnyameva sUtram / '

Page #444
saMgha bheda 416 ke anusAra acelakA artha vastrakA abhAva hI hai; kyoMki sUtra 206 meM batalAyA hai ki vastradhArI sAdhu bhI grISma RtumeM yA to sAntarottara ho jAye, yA omacela ho jAye, yA eka sATaka ho jAye yA acela ho jaaye| ___ zIlAMkane ina zabdoMkI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA' hai-'zIta Rtu bIta jAne para vastroMko chor3a denA caahiye| athavA kSetra vizeSake kAraNa yadi ThaMDhI havA calatI ho to zItakA parIkSA aura apanI zaktiko dekhakara sAntarottara ho jAye-arthAt zItakI AzaGkAse vastrakA parityAga na karake SAsameM rakkhe / AvazyakatA hone para or3ha le| athavA 'avamacela' ho jAye-eka vastrako tyAgakara do vastra pAsa rakhe, aura dhIre dhIre zItake cale jAne para dUsare vastrako bhI chor3akara 'ekazATaka' ho jaaye| athavA zItakA atyanta prabhAva ho jAne para usa eka vastrako bhI chor3akara acela ho jAye / acelake mukhavastra aura rajoharaNa mAtra upadhi hotI hai| ukta sUtrake anusAra nirvastra sAdhu acela, eka vastradhArI eka zATaka, do vastradhArI avamacela aura vastrako pAsa rakhakara 1 'apagate zIte vastrANi tyAjyAni, athavA kSetrAdiguNAd himakaNini vAte vAti satyAtmaparitulanArtha zItaparIkSArthaM ca sAntarottaro bhavet-sAntaramuttaraM prAvaraNIyaM yasya sa tathA, kvacitpAvRNoti kvaci. pArzvavarti vibharti zItAzaGkayA nAdyApi parityajati, athavA'vamacela ekakalpaparityAgAt dvikalpadhArItyartha; athavA zanaiH zanaiH zIte'pagacchati sati dvitIyakalpamapi parityajet tata ekazATakaH saMvRttaH, athavA''tyantike zItAbhAve tadapi parityajedato'celo bhavati aso mukhvstrikaarjohrnnmaatropdhiH|'-shraacaa0 sU0 vRtti, pR0 252 / ,

Page #445
4ra7 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bhI AvazyakatAke samaya hI usakA upayoga karanevAlA sAntarottara kahalAtA hai| __ ataH acelatAke arthameM jo parivartana kiyA gayA vaha AcArAMgake pratikUla hai / tathA uttarAdhyayanake bhI pratikUla hai| uttarAdhyayanameM acela parISahakA varNana karate hue likhA hai- mere vastra jIrNa ho gaye haiM ataH inake naSTa ho jAne para maiM acela rahU~gA athavA sacela rahU~gA ( koI mujhe vastra de de to ) bhikSuko yaha cintA nahIM karanI caahiye| eka samaya sAdhu acela to eka samaya sacela rahatA hai acelatAko dharmakA upakAraka jAnakara jJAnIko vikala nahIM honA caahiye|' yahA~ yaha batalA denA ucita hogA ki zvetAmbara tathA digambara donoM sampradAyoMmeM sAdhuke liye 22 parISahoMko jItanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai| parISahakA matalaba acAnaka upasthita hone vAlI bAdhA yA kaSTa hai| una bAIsa parISahoMmeM zItaparISaha, daMsamazaka parISaha aura acela yA nAganya parISaha bhI hai| vastra rahate hue bhI bastrake paryApta na honepara zIta parISaha ho sakatI hai| usI taraha pUre zarIrako DhAMkane lAyaka vastra na hone para DAMsa maccharakA bhI kaSTa ho sakatA hai| kintu nAganya parISaha nagna rahanekI bAdhA - 1 'parijunnehi vatthehiM hokkhAmitti acelae / ahavA sacelae hokkhaM iti bhikkhU na ciMtae // 12 // egayA acelae hoi, sacele yAvi egyaa| eyaM dhammahiyaM naccA nAppI No paridevae // 13 // ' -uttarA0,2 a0|| TIkAkAra nemicandane bhI yahA~ acelakA artha celavikala kiyA haialpa cela Adi nahIM / le0

Page #446
saMgha bheda 421 to tabhI satA sakatI hai jaba puruSendriya bhI nirAvaraNa ho / kintu nAgnya parISaha jaise spaSTa zabdake arthameM bhI jo khIMcAtAnI kI gaI hai usakA eka udAharaNa yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| tattvArtha sUtrake vyAkhyAkAra zrI siddhasena gaNine likhA hai'nAgnya parISahakA yaha Azaya nahIM hai ki koI upakaraNa hI na rakhA jAye, jaise ki digambara sAdhu hote haiN| kintu pravacanameM kahe hue vidhAnake anusAra nAganya honA caahiye|' bIcameM ziSya prazna karatA hai ki sAdhuke dasa kalpoMmeM 'Acelakya' kalpa bhI to bhAvazyaka hai ? usakA uttara dete hue gaNi jI kahate haiM-'tumhArA kahanA ThIka hai kintu vaha Acelakya jisa prakAra kahA gayA hai usI prakAra karanA caahiye| tIrthaGkarakalpa-jinakalpa eka bhinna hI hai, tIrthaGkara janmase tIna jJAnake dhArI hote haiM aura cAritra dhAraNa karane para cAra jJAnake dhArI hote haiN| isaliye unakA pANipAtra bhojIhonA aura eka devadUSya dhAraNa karanA ucita hai| kintu sAdhu to usake dvArA upadiSTa AcArakA pAlana karate haiM, jIrNa, khaNDita, aura samasta zarIrako DhAMkanemeM asamartha vastra or3hate haiM, isa prakAra vastra rakhate hue bhI ve acelaka hI haiN| jaise nadI utarate samaya sira para kapar3A lapeTe hue manuSya savastra hone para bhI nagna kahAtA hai vaise hI guhya pradezako DhAMkaneke liye colapaTTa dhAraNa karane vAlA sAdhu bhI nagna hI hai|' ___ mAlUma hotA hai gaNi jIke samayameM colapaTTa dhAraNa karanekI paramparA thii| isIse unhoMne vastradhArIke nagna parISahakA samarthana nahIM kiyaa| kintu colapaTTa rahate hue anya parISaha to ho sakatI haiM kintu nAgnya parISaha nahIM ho sktii| isakA samarthana nAgnya 1-sUtra 6-6 kI vyAkhyA /

Page #447
422 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA parISahake samarthanameM diye hue AryarakSitake udAharaNase bhI hotA hai| kathA isa prakAra hai-AcArya AyarakSitane apanI mAtA, bhAryA bhaginI Adi sabhI svajanoMko sAdhvI banA diyA kintu usake pitAne samajhAne para bhI lajjAvaza sAdhu pada svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| vaha kahatA-kaise zramaNa baneM ? yahA~ merI putriyA~ haiM, bahaneM haiM, nAtanI haiM / inake Age maiM naMgA nahIM ho sktaa| jaba AcAryane bahuta kahA to vaha bolA-'yadi mujhe do vastra, kamaMDala chAtA, jUtA aura yajJopavItake sAtha pravrajita kara sakate ho to maiM sAdhu banane ke liye taiyAra hU~ / ' AcAryane usakI bAta mAnakara use dIkSA de dii| ___ eka dina AcArya sAdhu saMghake sAtha caitya vandanAke liye gaye / vahA~ pahalese sikhAkara taiyAra kiye gaye bAlakoMne kahA-'isa chAte vAle sAdhuke sivA hama saba sAdhuoMkI vandanA karate haiM / vaha vRddha bolA--inhoMne mere putra pautra sabakI vandanA kii| merI vandanA nahIM kii| kyA maiMne dIkSA nahIM lI ? taba bAlaka boledIkSA lI hotI to chAtA kamaNDalu vagairaha tumhAre pAsa kaise hotA ? vRddhane prAcAryase kahA-putra ! bAlaka bhI merI ha~sI karate haiN| ataH maiM chAtA nahIM rakhU gaa| isI taraha prayatna karake dhotIke sivAya saba cIjoMkA tyAga vRddhase karA diyA gyaa| kintu kisI bhI taraha vaha dhotI tyAgane ke liye taiyAra nahIM huaa| ___ eka dina eka sAdhukA svargavAsa ho gyaa| taba AcAryane vRddhase dhe.tIkA tyAga karAneke liye anya sAdhuoMse kahA-jo sAdhu isa mRta sAdhuko kandhoM para uThAyegA , use bar3A puNya hogaa| vRddhane pUchA-putra ! kyA isase bahuta nirjarA hogii| 1-utta0, 2 a0, pR0 23 /

Page #448
saMgha bheda 423 prAcArya bole-isameM bahuta upasarga ho sakate haiM yadi saha sako to ThIka hai| usane svIkAra kiyaa| saba sAdhu usake pIche ho gye| jaba usa vRddhane usa mRta sAdhuko apane hAthoMmeM uThA liyA to sikhAye hue bAlakoMne sAdhukI dhotI khola dii| lajjAse pIr3ita hokara jyoMhI vaha usa zavako nIce rakhane lagA to dUsare sAdhuoM ne kahA-nIce mata rkho| itanemeM kisIne tantu dvArA eka cAlapaTTaka usakI kaTimeM bA~dha diyaa| vaha lajjAvaza usa zavako dvAra taka hI pahu~cAkara lauTa AyA aura AcAryase bolA-putra ! Aja bar3A upasarga huA / taba AcArya bole-inheM dhotI lAkara pahanA do| vRddha bolA-jo huA so huA, dhotI rahane do, colapaTTaka hI ThIka hai| __ataH colapaTTaka mAtrake rahate hue upabarita nAgnya parISaha ho sakatI hai kintu do tIna vastroMke rahate hue to upacarita nAgnya parISaha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, astu / ___ inhIM Arya rakSitake svargavAsake pazcAt zvetAmbara sampradAyameM dhIre dhIre upadhiyoMkI saMkhyA vRddhi huI, yaha bAta zvetAmbara vidvAn bhI svIkAra karate haiN| muni kalyANa vijaya jIne likhA hai-'Arya rakSitake svargavAsake pazcAt dhIre dhIre sAdhuoMkA nivAsa bastiyoM meM hone lgaa| aura isake sAtha hI nagnatAkA bhI anta hotA gyaa| pahale bastImeM jAte samaya bahudhA jisa kaTibandhakA upayoga hotA thA vaha bastImeM basaneke bAda nirantara hone lgaa| dhIre dhIre kaTivastrakA bhI AkAra prakAra badalatA gyaa| pahale mAtra zarIrakA guhya aMga hI DhakanekA vizeSa khyAla rahatA 1-zra0 bha0 ma0, pR0 262 /

Page #449
424 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA thA para bAdameM sampUrNa nagnatA DhAMka lenekI jarUrata samajhI gaI aura usake liye vastrakA AkAra prakAra bhI badalanA pdd'aa| phalataH usakA nAma kaTibandha miTakara culapaTTa-choTA vastra pdd'aa|' yaha to huA vastrake vissymeN| anya upAdhiyoMke viSayameM ve likhate haiM - 'pahale prati vyakti eka hI pAtra rakhA jAtA thaa| para Arya rakSita sUrine varSAkAlameM eka mAtraka nAmaka anya pAtra rakhanekI jo AjJA de dI thI usake phala svarUpa Age jAkara mAtraka bhI eka avazya dhAraNIya upakaraNa ho gyaa| isI taraha jholImeM bhikSA lAnekA rivAja bhI lagabhaga isI samaya cAlU huA, jisake kAraNa pAtranimittaka upakaraNoMkI vRddhi huii| pariNAma svarUpa sthaviroMke kula 14 upakaraNoMkI vRddhi huI, jo isa prakAra hai-1 pAtra, 2 pAtrabandha, 3 pAtra sthApana 4 pAtra pramArjanikA, 5 paTala, 6 rajatrANa, 7 gucchaka, 8-6 do cAdareM, 10 UnI vastra ( kambala ) 11 rajoharaNa, 12 mukha vastrikA, 13 mAtraka aura 14 colpttttk| yaha upadhi audhika arthAt sAmAnya mAnI gaI aura Age jAkara isameM jo upakaraNa bar3hAye gaye ve 'aupagrahika' kahalAye / aupAhika upadhimeM saMstAraka, uttara paTTaka, daMDAsana aura daMDa, ye khAsa ullekhanIya haiN| ye saba upakaraNa Ajake zvetAmbara jaina muni rakhate haiN|' AcArya haribhadrane (I0 720-780) apane saMbodha' prakaraNameM apane samayake caityavAsI kuguruoMkA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki ve kezaloca nahIM karate, pratimA dhAraNa karate zaramAte haiM / zarIra parakA maila utArate haiM, pAdukAe~ pahinakara phirate haiM aura binA kAraNa kaTi2-'kIvo na kuNai loyaM lajai paDimAi jallamuvaNeI / sovAhaNo ya hiMDai baMdhai kaTipaTTayamakajje' // 34 //

Page #450
saMgha bheda 425 vastra bAMdhate haiN| unhoMne unheM 'klIba' kahA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki vikramakI sAtavIM AThavIM zatAbdI taka zva etAmbara sAdhu bhI kAraNa par3ane para hI vastra dhAraNa karate the / so bhI kaTivastra | yadi kaTivastra bhI niSkAraNa dhAraNa kiyA jAtA thA to dhAraNa karanevAle sAdhuko kusAdhu mAnA jAtA thA / Upara ke vivecanase spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAya meM zakti yA lAcArI meM hI vastrakA upayoga karanekI AjJA thI / usIkA durupayoga karake vastrakA samarthana kiyA gayA aura ApavAdika mArgako autsargika mArgakA rUpa de diyA / maMkhaliputta gozAlakakA jIvanavRtta kinhIM vidvAnoM kA aisA vizvAsa hai ki mahAvIrane jo acela katAko apanAyA, yaha unapara unake ziSya aura bAdako AjIvika sampradAya ke guru makhaliputta gosAlakakA prabhAva hai / ataH nIce usI para prakAza DAlA jAtA hai / jIvikoM kA koI sAhitya prApta nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para unake viSaya meM koI jAnakArI prApta kI jA sake / hA~, zvetAmbara jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM AjIvika sampradAya ke saMsthApaka maMkhaliputta gozAlakakA varNana milatA hai / bhagavatI sUtra ( 15 za0 1 u0 ) meM gozAlaka kI jIvanI vistArase dI hai| prathama yahA~ hama use de denA ucita samajhate haiM / 'vaha maMkhali nAmaka eka maMkha ( citrapaTa dikhAkara jIvana nirvAha karane vAlA bhikSuka) kA putra thA / eka brAhmaNakI gozAlA 1 - insAi0 i0ri0, pR0 158 se 268 / se0 bu0 I0, ji0 45, prastA0 pR0 26 /

Page #451
426 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva poThikA meM usakA janma huA thA isaliye use gozAlaka kahate the / jaba gozAlaka yuvA huA to vaha bhI apane pitAkI taraha hAthameM citrapaTa lekara apanA jIvana nirvAha karane lagA / usa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra tIsa varSa taka ghara meM rahakara pratra - jita ho cuke the| aura prathama varSAvAsa bitAkara dvitIya varSAvAsa nAlandA ke bAhara tantuvAya zAlA meM bitAte the / usa samaya maMkhaliputra gozAlaka hAthameM citrapaTa liye, gA~va gA~va meM bhikSA mAMgatA huA vahA~ AyA, aura anyatra sthAna na milane se usI tantuvAya zAlA meM 'bhANDa' rakhakara Thahara gayA / eka mAsake upavAsake pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra pAraNA ke liye rAjagRhI gye| vahA~ AhAra honeke upalakSa meM paJcAzcarya hue / saba logoM meM isIkI carcA thI / gozAlaka ne bhI yaha bAta sunI, aura usakI satyatAkA nirNaya karaneke liye vaha rAjagRhI gayA / vahA~se lauTakara vaha mahAvIra bhagavAnake pAsa AyA aura vidhipUrvaka namaskAra karake bolA- Apa mere guru haiM aura maiM ApakA ziSya hUM / bhagavAn cupa rahe, kucha uttara nahIM diyA / eka dina bhagavAna vahA~se vihAra kara gaye / gozAlakane unheM sarvatra khojA / na milane para punaH usI tantuvAya zAlA meM AyA aura apane vastra, bhANDa, jUte, citrapaTa vagairaha eka brAhmaNako dAna kara diye aura dAr3hI mU~cha tathA sirake bAla mu~r3A liye / vahA~se nikalakara ghUmatA phiratA vaha kollAga sanniveza meM AyA / usa samaya mahAvIra yahIM Thahare the aura sarvatra unakI hI carcA thI / use sunakara gozAlakane socA - dharmAcArya dharmopadezaka zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIrakI jaisI Rddhi, yukti, yaza, bala, vIrya,

Page #452
saMgha bheda satkAra, puraskAra, parAkrama hai vaisA kisI anya zramaNa athavA brAhmaekA nahIM hai / ataH yaha carcA avazya unhIMkI hai / yaha soca kara vaha khojatA khojatA unake pAsa pahu~cA aura vidhipUrvaka namaskAra karake bolA- Apa mere guru haiM, maiM ApakA ziSya hUM / isake pazcAt gozAlaka chai varSa taka mahAvIra bhagavAnake sAtha rahA / eka dina zaradaRtu prArambhameM bhagavAna mahAvIra gozAlaka ke sAtha siddhArtha grAmase kurmagrAma gaye / mArgameM eka hare bhare tilake per3a ko dekhakara gozAlakane bhagavAnase pUchA - bhagavAna ! yaha tila vRkSa niSpanna hogA yA nahIM ? tathA ye sAta tilapuSpa jIva yahA~se nikalakara kahA~ utpanna hoMge ? bhagavAna bole- yaha tila vRkSa niSpanna hogA / aura ye sAta tilapuSpa jIva yahA~se nikalakara isI tilavRkSakI eka phalI meM sAta tilarUpase utpanna hoNge| gozAlakako bhagavAnake isa kathana para vizvAsa nahIM huA / usane vaha tilakA per3a ukhAr3a kara DAla diyA / acAnaka usI samaya jorakI varSA huii| usase vaha tila vRkSa punaH jama gayA aura ve sAta tilapuSpa jIva usIkI phalikAmeM sAta tila rUpa se utpanna hue / 427 jaba donoM kurmagrAma se siddhArtha grAmako lauTe to usa tila vRkSako donoMne dekhA / kintu gozAlakako taba bhI vizvAsa nahIM huA / usane tilakI phalIko phor3akara dekhA to usameM sAta tila the / isa parase gozAlakako yaha huA ki isI tarahase sabhI jIva marakara punaH lauTakara usI zarIra meM utpanna ho jAte haiM / vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra se alaga ho gayA / aura zrAvastI meM eka kumhArI ke AvAsa meM rahane lagA / tathA apaneko 'jina' kahane lagA /

Page #453
428 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra vihAra karate hue zrAvastI pdhaare| gautama gaNadharane unase yaha bAta khii| taba bhagavAnane gautamase gozAlakakA ukta carita varNana kiyA / gozAlakake kAnameM bhI yaha bAta phuNcii| vaha AjIvika saMghake sAtha mahAvIra svAmIke pAsa AyA aura bolA-'Apa ThIka kahate haiM ki maMkhaliputta gozAlaka merA ziSya hai| kintu tumhArA vaha ziSya marakara devalokameM utpanna huA hai aura maiM gautamaputra arjunake zarIrako tyAgakara maMkhaliputta gozAlakake zarIrameM A gayA huuN| yaha merA sAtavA~ zarIra praveza hai'| bhagavAna mahAvIrane isakA prativAda kiyA aura usaparase gozAlaka ruSTa ho utthaa| bolA-merI tejolezyAke prabhAvase pittajvarase AkrAnta hokara tuma chai mAsameM hI mara jaaoge| taba mahAvIra bole-abhI maiM 16 varSa taka aura bihAra kruuNgaa| kintu gozAlaka ! tuma apanI hI tejolezyAke prabhAvase 7 dinake pazcAt hI mara jaaoge| gozAlakane bhagavAna para tejolezyAkA prayoga kiyaa| kintu vaha tejolezyA unakA kucha bhI bigAr3a na kara sakaneke kAraNa gozAlakake liye hI kAla sAbita huii| saMkSepameM yaha gozAlakakA jIvana vRttAnta hai| isake anusAra gozAlaka bhikSAvRttise AjIvikA karanevAle eka maMkhali nAmake bhikSukA putra thaa| yuvAvasthAmeM akelA hI bhikSAvRtti karatA huA mahAvIrake pAsa aayaa| usa samaya mahAvIra dUsarA varSAvAsa kara rahe the| aura isalie unheM pravrajita hue paune do varSa hue the|

Page #454
saMgha bheda . 426 cUki zvetAmbara AgamoMke anusAra bhI mahAvIra kevala eka varSa taka cIvaradhArI rahe the / ataH jaba gozAlakane unheM dekhA taba ve avazya hI nagna honA caahiye| isake viparIta gozAlaka ke pAsa usa samaya vastra kamaNDalu jUtA Adi upakaraNa the| jinheM usane mahAvIrakA ziSya bananese pUrva kisI brAhmaNako de diyaa| mahAvIrako anAyAsa prApta AhAra tathA pUjA satkArane use unakI ora AkRSTa kiyaa| tatpazcAt 'mahAvIrane hI use pravrajita kiyA, muNDita kiyA, zikSita kiyA aura bahuzruta bnaayaa| kintu kucha bAtoMko lekara mahAvIrase unakA matabheda ho gyaa| aura vaha 'zrAvastImeM eka kumhArIke gharameM rahane lgaa| mahAvIrase alaga honeke kAraNa hI usane AjIvikoMkA saMgha bnaayaa| aura apaneko 'jina kahane lgaa| usake andara mahAvIrakI taraha hI caubIsavAM tIrthaGkara bananekI bhAvanA thii| isaliye apane AjIvika saMghakA nirmANa bhI usane moTe taura para usI bAhya bhUmi para kiyA hogA, jisapara mahAvIrakA nigrantha saMgha sthApita thA / ataH gozAlakakI nagnatA kA prabhAva mahAvIra para pratIta nahIM hotA kintu mahAvIrako nagnatA se prabhAvita gozAlakane apane AjIvika sampradAyake sAdhuoMko nagna rahanekA niyama banAyA yahI adhika sambhava hai| 1-'sADiaAzro ya pADiyAyo ya kuDiyAzro ya cittaphalagaM ca mAhaNe aAyAmei / ' -bha0 15 za0, 1 u0 / 2-'bhagavayA ceva pavvAvie, bhagavayA ceva muNDAvie, bhagavayA ceva sehAvie, bhagavayA ceva sikkhAvie, bhagavayA ceva bahussuI ke|' -bha0, 15 sh0| 3-'tae NaM gosAle maMravaliputte......"sAvatthi NayariM""hAlAhalAe kubhakArIe kubhakArAvaNaMsi AjIviya saMgha saMparivuDe "viharai / ' -bha0 15 sh0|

Page #455
43. ja0 sA0 i0 pUrva-pIThikA ___ bauddha ullekhoMse bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki acchI AjIvikAke lobhase hI gozAlakane naMgA rahanA pasanda kiyaa| dIghanikAyakI TIkAmeM buddha ghoSane likhA hai ki-'gozAlakA nAma makkhali thA, gozAlAmeM paidA honese vaha gozAla khlaayaa| eka dina telapAtra TUTa gyaa| mAlikane use pakar3aneke liye usakA vastra pakar3a liyaa| vaha vastra chor3akara bhAga AyA aura naMgA rahane lagA; kyoMki naMge rahanese acchI AjIvikA milanekI zrAzA tho|' . buddhaghoSake ukta kathanase bhI hamArI hI bAtakA samarthana hotA hai| AjIvikAke lobhase hI usane naMgA rahanA svIkAra kiyaa| usane mahAvIrako nagna avasthAmeM acchA AhAra aura Adara satkAra pAte dekhaa| ataH vaha use jaMca gii| aura usane bhI nagnatAko hI Adarza bnaayaa| prakRta viSaya para aura bhI prakAza DAlaneke liye AjIvika sampradAyake sambandhameM prakAza DAlanA jarUrI hai| gozAla aura parivrAjaka DA0 yAkobIkA kahanA hai ki bauddha ullekha gozAlakako nanda vakkha aura kissa saMkikkake acelaka parivrAjaka sampradAyakA, jo prAcIna sAdhu sampradAya thA uttarAdhikArI batalAte haiN| 1-The Budhist records, however, speek of him as the successor of Nanda vkha, and kiss samkikka, and of his sect, the Achelaka paribb. gakas, as a longestablished order of monks' ( se0 70 I0, ji0 45, prastA0 pR0 29)

Page #456
saMgha bheda 431 DA0 varuA' ne bhI 'AjIvika' zIrSaka apane vidvattApUrNa nibandhameM isI bAtakA samarthana vistArase kiyA hai| aura isIke AdhAra para gozAlaka tathA unake AjIvika sampradAyake sambandhameM bahuta sA tAnA bAnA bunA gayA hai| ataH prathama usapara prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka hai| kevala majjhimanikAyake mahAsacaka suttanta (pR0 144) aura aura sandaka suttanta (pR0 269 ) meM ukta tInoM nAma isa prakAra Aye haiM saJcaka nigaMThaputta gautama buddhake pAsa jAtA hai aura vArtAlApa karatA hai| buddha pUchate haiM --agniveza tUne kAya bhAvanA sunI hai ? to saJcaka uttarameM kahatA hai_ 'jaise ki yaha nandavAtsya, kRza sAMkRtya, makkhalI gozAla (mAnate haiM ) / bho gautama ! yaha acelaka (= nagna), mukta AcAra sAptAhika bhI AhAra karate haiN| aise isa prakAra bIcameM antara dekara ardhamAsika AhArako grahaNa karate haiN|' ___ sandaka suttantameM sandaka parivrAjaka aura bhikSu AnandameM hue vArtAlApakA varNana hai| Anandake uttaroMse prasanna hokara antameM sandaka kahatA hai-'yaha AjIvaka pUta to apanI bar3AI karate haiM, tInako hI mArgadarzaka batalAte haiN| jaise ki, nandavAtsya, kRza sAMkRtya aura makkhali goshaal| - ina donoM hI bauddha ullekhoMmeM saccaka nimranthaputra aura sandaka parivrAjaka donoMne hI nandavAtsya Adi tInoMko AjIvikoMkA mukhiyA batalAyA hai| sandakato parivrAjaka thA yadi 2-ja0 Di0 le0, ji0 2, pR0 1-80 /

Page #457
jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva-pITikA nandavAtsya aura kRza sAMkRtya acela parivrAjaka sampradAya ke hote to vaha to kamase kama unheM AjIvikoM kA mArga darzaka na batalAtA / dUsare, Upara tInoMkA jisa rUpa meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai usase yaha bhI spaSTa nahIM hotA ki nandavAtsya aura kRza sAMkRtya donoM pUrva meM ho cuke the pratyuta 'yaha' zabda se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ve donoM bhI usa samaya vartamAna the / hA~, makkhali gozAlakA nAma anta meM hone se yaha anumAna avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha una tInoMmeM sambhavatayA laghu thA / kintu bauddha piTaka sAhitya meM jahA~ kahIM bhI buddha virodhI che zAstAoMkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai vahA~ makhaligozAlakA hI nAma AyA hai / 432 zAyada kahA jAye ki nandavAtsya aura kRza sAMkRtyAne AjIvika sampradAyakI sthApanA kI hogI aura usakA uttarAdhikArI makkhali gozAlaka hogA / kintu yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki jaisA ki hama Age dekheMge AjIvika sampradAya makkhali gozAlaka se prAcIna nahIM hai / usIne usakI sthApanA kI thI / ataH nandavAtsya aura kRza sAMkRtyakA acela parivrAjaka sampra-dAyase sambandha tathA makkhali gozAlakA unakA uttarAdhikAro honA pramANita nahIM hotA / pratyuta bauddha ullekhoM se ye tInoM sAdhI pratIta hote haiN| jaisA DA0 hArnalene likhA hai / unhoMne likhA hai'bauddha sAhitya meM gozAlakake do sAthI batalAye haiM- kissa saMkica aura nandavakha / mahAvIra se alaga honeke pazcAt ina tInoMne zrAvastI meM eka sampradAyake nAte netAke rUpameM ekAkI jIvana bitAnA Arambha kiyA / ( I0 i0 ri0, ji0 1, pR0 267 ) isake sivA gozAlaka ke sambandha meM buddha ghoSane dIghanikAya kI TIkA meM jo kucha likhA hai vaha Upara likha Ae haiM /

Page #458
saMgha bheda 433 isa taraha jaina aura bauddha ullekha gozAlakakA janma gozAlA meM batalAte haiM / jaina ullekha use maMkhalikA putra batalAte haiM kintu bauddha ullekha usakA nAma makkhali batalAte haiM / donoM yaha batalAte haiM ki usane naMge hokara AjIvikA kI ' donoMke anusAra usakA yaha kArya AjIvikA ke liye thA / isIse usakA sampradAya AjIvika kahalAyA / 'AjIvika' zabda saMskRta bhASA ke 'AjIva' zabdase banA hai / AjIvakA artha hai - AjIvikA, rojI / yaha AjIvika zabda AjIva, AjIviya AjIvika Adi vibhinna rUpoM meM katipaya jaina AgamoM aura bauddha piTaka sAhitya meM milatA hai / kintu kauTilya arthazAstra ke sivAya I0 san takake samasta prAcIna brAhmaNa sAhitya meM nahIM milatA / DA0 hArnalene likhA hai ki 'gozAlaka sAdhuke AjIvake viSaya meM apanA eka viziSTa dRSTikoNa rakhatA thA / sambhavatayA isIse vaha aura usake ziSya 'AjIvika' kahalAye / kintu jaina aura bauddha ullekha gozAlaka para anaitika AcaraNakA doSAropaNa karate haiM, jaisA ki hama Age batalAyeMge / isase aisA lagatA hai ki usakI dhArmika tapasyA mokSa ke liye nahIM thI kintu AjIvikA ke liye thI / ataH prArambhameM AjIvika nAma jIvikAparaka thA, 1 * 1 'DA0 baruA ne ( bhAga iM0 patrikA, ji08, pR0 187 ) likhA hai ki yadi jIvika zabdakA vahI artha hai jo virodhI sampradAya lete haiM to eka dhArmika sampradAyane, jo bhale hI niruddezya svArthI aura durAcArI raho, use apane sampradAya ke nAma ke rUpameM kaise apanA liyA ? kintu itihAsa meM nizcaya hI aise udAharaNoMkI kamI nahIM hai, jahA~ kalpita ghRNAsUcaka nAmoMne dhIre dhIre asalI nAmoMkA sthAna le liyA / 28

Page #459
434 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva-pIThikA pIche se vaha eka sampradAya ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hone lagA / ' - iM0 i0 ri0, ji0 1, pR0 256 / isa taraha jaina aura bauddha ullekhoMse to gozAlakakA acela parivrAjaka honA siddha nahIM hotA / hama likha Aye haiM ki AjIvika sampradAyakA saMsthApaka gozAlaka jainoM ke kathana ke anusAra maMkhalikA putra thA aura bauddhoMke anusAra usakA hI nAma makkhali thA / kintu gozAlakako maskarI bhI kahA jAtA hai / aura pANinike anusAra maskarIkA artha parivrAjaka hotA hai / isI parase DA0 hAlekA kahanA hai ki yataH gozAlaka maMkhaliputta yA makkhali ( maskarI ) kahalAtA thA ataH vaha prathama ekadaNDI thA pIche usane mahAvIra ke sAtha rahanA zurU kiyA, jaisA ki DA0 yAkobIkA bhI kathana hai / kintu DA0 hArnale yaha bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki maMkhaliyA makkhalikA saMskRta rUpa maskarI nahI hai / jaina Agamika sAhitya meM 'kha' zabdakA prayoga bhikSuka jAtike liye huA hai kintu 'maskarI' ke 'maska' zabdakA to koI artha hI nahIM, vaha to maskara se banA hai | ataH yahA~ isa sambandha meM bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| 1 maskarI aura gozAlaka pANini ne apane vyAkaraNameM maskarI zabda parivrAjaka ke artha meM siddha kiyA hai| isakI vyAkhyA karate hue bhASyakAra pata. Jjali ne likhA hai ki maskarI vaha sAdhu nahIM hai jo hAtha meM maskara 1 ' maskara -maskariNau veNuparibrAjakayo:' ( 6-1-154 ) / 2 ' na vai maskaro 'syAstIti maskarI parivrAjakaH / kiM tarhi ? mA kRta karmANi zAntirvaH zreyasItyAhAto maskarI parivrAjakaH / - bhASya ( 6-1 154 ) /

Page #460
saMgha bheda 435 yA bAMsakI lAThI lekara calatA ho| phira kyA hai ? maskarI vaha hai jo yaha upadeza detA hai ki karma mata karo, zAntikA mArga hI zreyaskara hai| _____ DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAlakA kahanA hai ki 'yahA~ maskarIkA kA artha makkhali gozAlase hai, jinhoMne AjIvaka sampradAyakI sthApanA kI tho| pataMjaline spaSTa yahI artha liyA hai|' kintu DA0 baruAkA kahanA hai ki pANinikI vyAkhyA-bAMsakA daNDa lene vAle parivrAjakako maskarI kahate haiM-kevala unheM hI lAgU nahIM hotI jinheM jaina aura bauddha granthoMmeM AjIvika kahA hai| yahI bAta pataJjalike sambandhameM bhI hai| arthAt DA0 baruAke abhiprAyAnusAra makkhali gozAlakake sivAya anya paribrAjaka bhI jo daNDadhArI the maskarI kahalAte the| pataJjalikI vyAkhyAse bhI yahI dhvanita hotA hai| pANinine gozAlaka' zabdakI bhI vyutpatti kI hai| jo gozAlAmeM janma le vaha gozAlaka hai| jaina aura bauddha ullekhoMke anusAra makkhali yA maMkhaliputtakA janma gozAlAmeM huA thaa| pANini maskarI aura gozAlakase paricita the yaha spaSTa hai / kintu unhoMne donoMkA sAmAnAdhikaraNya nahIM kiyA / ataH gozAlaka hI maskarI thA yA maskarI zabda gozAlaka aura usake anuyAyioMke liye hI vyavahRta hotA thA yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| eka bAta aura bhI dhyAna denekI hai| jaina AgamoMmeM gozAlaka ko maMkhaliputta kahA hai aura bauddha tripiTakoMmeM makkhali kahA 1 pA0 mA0, pR0 376 / 2 bhAM0 iM0 patrikA, ji08, pR0 184 / 3 gozAlAyAM jAtaH gozAlakaH ( 4-3-35 ) /

Page #461
436 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hai| donoMmeM gozAlakako maskarI nahIM kahA / aura maMkhali yA makkhali aura maskarI ye donoM zabda svatantra haiM / kintu donoMmeM kucha isa prakArakA sAmya hai, jisase maMkhali yA makkhali maskarIkA bhraSTa rUpa lagatA hai aura zAyada isIse donoM ko eka samajha kara gozAlakake liye maskarI zabdakA vyavahAra pracalita ho gyaa| ____ varAhamihira ( I0 550 ) ne apane vRhajjAtaka' ( 15-1) aura laghujAtaka ( 12-12) meM 7 prakArake sAdhuoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai, jinameM AjIvika bhI haiN| varAhamihirake TIkAkAra bhaTTotpalane ( I0 650 ) kAlikAcAryake eka padyake AdhAra para AjIvikoMko ekadaNDI batalAyA hai| usane likhA hai ki ekadaNDI athavA AjIvika nArAyaNake bhakta the| haSacaritameM bANabhaTTane maskarikA nirdeza kiyA hai| DA0 baruAkA kahanA hai ki isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki harSacaritakA 'maskarI' varAhamihirake AjIvikakA hI sthAnApanna hai| jaba ki TIkAkArake anusAra maskarI parivrAjakakA tulyArthaka hai| kintu DA. agravAlakA likhanA hai ki 'vastutaH maskarI bhikSu hI usa samaya pAzupata the| pAzupata bhairavAcArya aura unake ziSyako bANane maskarI kahA hai ( ha. ca0, pR0 161) / zIlAMkane bhI ekadaNDiyoMko zivabhakta batalAyA hai / kintu pA~caveM uchavAsameM 1 'ekasthaizcaturAdibhirbalayutairjAtA pRthagvIryagaiH / zAkyAjIvikabhikSavRddhacarakA nigrnthvnyaashnaaH||' 2 'tApasa vRddha zrAvaka raktapaTAjIvibhikSacarakANAm nimranthAnAM cArkAt parAjitaiH pracyutilibhiH // 12 // ' 3 bhAM0 I patrikA, ji0 8, pR0 184 /

Page #462
saMgha bheda 437 bANane 'yathAvadabhigatAtmatattvAzca saMstutA maskariNaH' likhakara maskarI sAdhuoMko Atmatattvako ThIka prakArase jAnane vAle aura samyaka prakArase stuta kahA hai| isakA matalaba yaha huA ki bANa ke dvArA ullikhita maskarI sAdhu Atmatatvake yathAvat jJAtA aura vizeSa AdaraNIya mAne jAte the| jahA~ taka hama jAnate haiM maskarI sAdhuoMke liye isa prakArake sammAnAspada vizeSaNa anyatra nahIM 'pAye jaate| ukta sthalake adhyayanameM DA0 agravAlane likhA hai-'yahA~ bANane svayaM ho sampradAyakA nAma de diyA hai / pANinine maskarI parivrAjakoMkA ullekha kiyA hai| kucha inheM maMkhali gozAlakakA anuyAyI AjIvika mAnate haiN| bANake samayameM inake dArzanika matoMmeM kucha parivartana ho gayA hogaa| apane mUlarUpameM maskarI bhAgya yA niyativAdI the| jo bhAgyameM likhA hai vahI hogA, karma karanA bekAra hai, yahI unakA mata thaa| kintu bANane unake matakA aisA koI saMketa nahIM kiyA |'-h0 ca0, pR0 112 / bANane eka pAMDaribhikSu' nAmaka sampradAyakA nirdeza kiyA hai| DA0 agravAla pAMDariMbhikSako Ajovika batalAte haiM / ve likhate haiM ki nizIthacUrNi ( grantha 4, pR0 865 ) ke anusAra AjIvikoMkI saMjJA pANDaribhikSu thI ! ye loga gorasakA bilkula vyavahAra na karate the| isase vANakA yaha kathana mila jAtA hai ki unake zarIra jalase sIMce gaye the| ha0 ca0, pR0 107 / / kintu harSacaritake AThaveM uchavAsameM bANane jo aneka sampra. dAyoMke nAma diye haiM unameM bhI maskarIkA nirdeza hai tathA pAMDuribhikSukA bhI nirdeza hai / yadi bANabhaTTake dvArA ullikhita pAMDuribhikSu

Page #463
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA AjIvika haiM to nizcaya hI bANabhaTTake dvArA nirdiSTa maskarI AjIvika nahIM hai| ukta bAtoMko lakSyameM rakhate hue DA0 baruAkA yaha kathana ki harSacaritameM nirdiSTa maskarI varAhamihirake AjIvikakA sthAnApanna hai, nissandeha to nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| . ____ isa taraha vibhinna ullekhoMke prakAzameM maskarI aura makkhali gozAlakakI tathA maskarI aura AjIvikoMkI ekarUpatA bhI sandeha rahita nahIM hai| isa viSayameM hama apanI orase kucha na likhakara AjIvikoMke viziSTa abhyAsI DA0 varuAkA mata hI likha denA ucita samajhate haiN| vaha kahate haiM--'ukta viSayameM jitane udAharaNa diye gaye haiM unameM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| kyoMki kucha anya brAhmaNa granthoMmeM, yathA jAnakI haraNa aura bhaTTikAvyameM AjIvikako maskarI aura ekadaNDIkA tulyArthaka kahA hai| kintu ye prayoga nirAbAdha nahIM haiM kyoMki katipaya jaina aura bauddha granthoMmeM AjIvikoMko spaSTa rUpase parivrAjakoM yA paramahaMsoMse bhinna batalAyA hai| aura parivrAjakoM yA paramahaMsoMke ekadaNDI aura tridaNDI do mukhya vibhAga the| isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki AjIvikoM aura paribrAjakoMkA pArthakya utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanA prAcIna makkhali gozAlakakA samaya hai| aura eka bauddha granthake aMzase koI bhI isakA anumAna lagA sakatA hai| kucha anya bauddha nikAyoMmeM bhI isa prakAra ke aMza pAye jAte haiM jinameM bauddhoMne svayaM AjIvikoMko parivrAjakoM aura tridaNDiyoMse bhinna batalAyA hai|'-bhaa0 I0 patri0, ji08, pR0 15 / Age DA0 varuAne likhA hai - 'eka dRSTise prAcIna jaina aura bauddha granthoMmeM atyanta samAnatA hai 1-'kUnapannAsa AjIvasate, ekUnapannAsa paribhAjakasate'-dIgha0 /

Page #464
saMgha bheda 436 jahA~ kahIM unameM 'AjIviya' yA 'AjIvaka' nAma AtA hai, spaSTa rUpase yA nirvikalpa rUpase vaha gozAlaka aura usake ziSyoM athavA anuyAyioMse sambandha rakhatA hai|' ___ ataH prArambhameM gozAlakake parivrAjaka sampradAyake mukhiyA honekI DA0 yAkobIkI dhAraNA sAdhAra pratIta nahIM hotii| kyA gozAlaka pApityIya thA ? devasenake darzanasAra ( vi0 saM0 660 ) meM jaise prArambhameM buddhako pArzvanAthakI paramparAke nigranthakA ziSya batalAyA hai vaise hI maskarIpUraNa sAdhuko bhI pAzva nAthakI paramparAmeM dIkSita huA batalAyA hai| likhA hai-'mahAvIra bhagavAnake tIrthameM pArzvanAtha tIrthaGkarake saMghake kisI gaNIkA ziSya maskarIpUraNa nAmakA sAdhu thaa| u: ne lokameM ajJAna mithyAtvakA upadeza diyaa| ajJAnase mokSa hotA hai| mukta jIvoMko jJAna nahIM hotaa| jIvoMkA punarAgamana nahIM hotA ve marakara bhava bhavameM bhramaNa nahIM krte|' paM0 AzAdharane anagAradharmAmRtakI TIkA ( vi0 saM0 1300 / pR06) meM likhA hai-'maskarIpUraNa nAmaka eka RSi pArzvanAyake tIrthameM utpanna huA thaa| jaba bhagavAna mahAvIrako kevala jJAna utpanna huA to vaha unake samavasaraNa meM isa icchAse gayA ki mere jAnese inakI bANI khiregii| kintu vANI nahIM khirI / taba use yaha IrSA huI ki apane ziSya gautamako upasthitimeM to 1-'sirivIraNAhatihatthe bahussudo paassNghgnnisoso| makkaDipUraNa sAhU aNNANaM bhAsae loe // 20 // aNNANAdo mokkho NANaM NatthIti muttajIvANaM / puNarAgamanaM bhamaNaM bhave bhave Natthi jIvassa ||21||'-d0 saa0|

Page #465
jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA mahAvIrakI vANI khiratI hai, maiM gyAraha aGgoM kA pAThI hU~, phira bhI mere rahate hue vANI kyoM nahIM hotii| yaha sarvajJa nahIM hai / yaha jAnakara vaha vahA~se cala diyA aura usane ajJAnase mokSa hotA hai. yaha mata calAyA' / 440 donoM ullekhoM meM sAdhukA nAma maskaripUraNa likhA hai / bauddha granthoMse yaha prakaTa hai ki buddha kAlIna hai zAstAoM meM se eka pUraNa kAzyapa thA, aura eka makkhali gozAlaka thA / gozAlakako to maskarI likhA milatA hai kintu pUraNa kAzyapako maskarI likhA kahIM nahIM dekhA gayA / saMbhava hai makkhaliMko hI maskarIpUraNa samajha liyA ho / anagAra dharmAmRtameM jo mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM maskarIpUrake jAnekA nirdeza kiyA hai usase ukta saMbhAvanA kI hI puSTi hotI hai| kyoMki pUraNa kAzyapa aura mahAvIrake paricayakA nirdeza to kahIM nahIM milatA kintu mahAvIra aura makkhali gozAlakakA milatA hai / kintu unake jisa ajJAna matakA darzanasAra meM ullekha hai usase unake matakA ThIka spaSTIkaraNa nahIM hotA / bauddha grantha dIghanikAya ke sAmaJja phalasuttameM pUraNa kAzyapakA mata diyA hai / usakA sArAMza itanA hI hai ki na bure karma karane se pApa hotA hai aura na acche karma karanese puNya hotA hai / isI sUktameM makkhali gozAlakakA mata dete hue use niyativAdI kahA hai| kintu bauddha grantha milinda prazna meM likhA hai ki samrAT milinda ne gozAlaka se pUchA 'acche bure karma haiM yA nahIM ? aura acche bure karmoM kA phala hai yA nahIM ? gozAlakane uttara diyA- acche bure karma bhI nahIM hai aura unake phala bhI nahIM hai / yaha uttara pUraNakAzyapake matake hI anurUpa hai /

Page #466
saMgha bheda 441 dIghanikAyakI TIkAmeM buddha ghoSane gozAlakakA mata diyA hai ki vaha manuSyoMko cha vibhAgoMmeM vibhAjita karatA thaa| kintu guMtaranikAyameM usa matako pUraNa kAzyapakA mata mAnA hai / ( i0 i0 ri, ji0 1, pR0 262) bauddha granthoMke ukta ullekhoMse yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki makkha la gozAlaka aura pUraNa kazyapake matoMmeM kucha samAnatA thI / zAyada isIse bhramavaza donoMko eka samajha liyA gyaa| makkhali gozAlakake jIvanake viSayameM bauddha sAhityameM jo kathA milatI hai vaha hama likha Aye haiM usase milatI julatI huI kathA pUraNa kAzyapake jIvanake viSayameM bhI milatI hai| likhA hai'yaha eka mleccha strIke garbhase utpanna huA thaa| usakA nAma kAzyapa thaa| isa janmase pahale vaha 66 janma dhAraNa kara cukA thaa| vartamAna janmameM usane sau janma pUrNa kiye the, isa kAraNa loga usako pUraNa kAzyapa kahane lage the| usake svAmIne use dvArapAlakA kAma sauMpA thaa| parantu vaha use pasanda nahIM AyA aura vaha nagarase bhAgakara banameM rahane lgaa| eka bAra coroMne usake vastra vagairaha chIna liye| parantu usane kapar3oMkI paravAha nahIM kI aura vaha naMgA hI rahane lgaa| usake bAda vaha apaneko pUraNakAzyapa buddhake nAmase prakaTa karane lagA aura kahane lagA ki maiM sarvajJa huuN| eka bAra jaba vaha nagarameM gayA to loga use vastra dene lage, parantu usane lenese inkAra kara diyA aura kahA-'vastra lajjA nivAraNake liye pahane jAte haiM aura lajjA pApakA phala hai| maiM arhat hU~ aura saba pApoMse mukta hU~ isaliye maiM lajjAse atIta huuN|' logoMne kAzyapake kathanako ThIka mAnA aura usakI pUjA kii| unameMse pA~ca sau manuSya usake ziSya ho gye| sAre jambU

Page #467
jai0 452 dvIpa meM yaha ghoSita ho gayA ki vaha buddha hai aura usake bahutase ziSya haiN| 0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA ukta bAtoMke prakAza meM gozAlaka maskarI aura pUraNakAzyapake jIvanavRtta meM tathA katipaya siddhAntoM meM samAnatA pratIta hotI hai / isase donoMke aikyakA bhrama honA sambhava hai| nauvIM - dasavIM zatAbdI ke katipaya jaina granthoMmeM kevala maskarIkA nirdeza milatA hai / AcArya nemicandra ne apane gommaTasAra jIvakANDakI gA0 16 Hariat ajJAnavAdI batalAyA hai tathA yaha bhI batalAyA hai| ki maskarI muktise punarAgamana mAnatA thA / yadyapi makkhali gozAlaka ke mukti sambandhI vicAra pUrNatayA jJAta nahIM hai / tathApi tathokta ajJAnavAdI maskarI makkhali gozAlaka hI jJAta hotA hai / aura darzanasAra ke anusAra vaha tathA sambhavatayA pUraNa kAzyapa bhI prArambha meM pArzvanAthake nigrantha sampradAya ke sAdhu the / zvetAmba rIya Agama meM likhA hai ki gozAlakakA pArzvapatyayoM se ghaniSTha sambandha thA ataH gozAlaka prArambha meM pArzvanAthakA anuyAyA rahA ho, yaha saMbhava hai / mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ke sammilanakA uddezya tathA pArasparika AdAnapradAna DA0 yAkobIkA anumAna hai ki mahAvIra aura gozAlaka apane apane sampradAyoM ko milAkara eka kara deneke irAde se mile the aura cU~ki ve dono bahuta samaya taka eka sAtha rahe isaliye una donoM meM aikamatya honekA anumAna karanA svAbhAvika hai / kucha Jain Educationa International ve likhate haiM- 'maiM 0 23 ke TippaNa meM batalA AyA hUM ki 'savve sattA, savve pAnA, savve bhUtA, savtre jIvA' yaha kathana gozA laka aura jainoM meM samAna hai| tathA TIkA se hama jAnate haiM ki tiryaJcoM For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #468
443 gha bheda kA ekeMdriya dvIndriya AdimeM vibhAjana, jo jaina granthoMke liye sAdhAraNa bAta hai, gozAlaka bhI mAnatA thaa| lezyAvAdakA vicitra jaina siddhAnta bhI gozAlakake manuSyoMko chai bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita karaneke siddhAntase bilakula milatA julatA hai| isake sambandhameM maiM yaha vizvAsa karaneke liye taiyAra hUM ki jainoMne isa siddhAntako AjIvikoMse liyA aura apanA banA liyA ' AdaraNIya vidvAnake ukta udgAroMko asvIkAra karate hue hameM bahuta hI saMkoca hotA hai| donoMke katipaya siddhAntoMmeM samAnatAkA honA to avazyaMbhAvI thA, kyoMki donoM eka sAtha varSoM taka rahe the| kintu aisI sthitimeM ekataraphA yaha vizvAsa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa siddhAntako jainoMne AjIvikoMse liyaa| prApta pramANoMke AdhAra para hameM to isase viparIta sthiti hI dRSTigocara hotI hai| jaina siddhAntake abhyAsiyoMse yaha bAta chipI nahIM hai ki samasta jIvoMkI dazAoMkA jJAna karAneke liye 14 mArgaNAoM aura 14 guNa sthAnoMkA gambhIra sAMgopAMga varNana ucca koTike jaina granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| lezyA mArgaNAoMkA hI eka bheda hai aura jina yoga aura kaSAyake melase lezyAkI niSpatti hotI hai una yoga aura kaSAyoMkI carcAse jaina siddhAnta bharA huA hai| * yadi yahI mAna liyA jAye ki isa siddhAntako jainoMne AjIvikoMse liyA hai to AjIvikoMne use kisase liyaa| jisa acelaka parivrAjaka sampradAyakA uttarAdhikArI gozAlakako kahA jAtA hai, usameM to isa siddhAntake honekA koI saMketa nahIM miltaa| taba gozAlakane isa siddhAntako kisase liyaa| usakA svayaMkA AviSkRta to ho nahIM sktaa| isake sambandhameM DA0 hAnalene jo vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM, vaha bhI mananIya haiN| unhoMne

Page #469
'444 0 sA0 i0 pUrva-pIThikA . likhA hai-'isa sambandhameM yaha ullekha karanA manoraMjaka hai ki buddhaghoSane apanI TIkAmeM jo gozAlakake manuSya jAtiko chai bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita karanevAle siddhAntakA kathana kiyA hai vaha aMguttara nikAyake AdhAra para kiyA hai aura aMguttara nikAyameM isa siddhAMta ko pUraNakAzyapakA batalAyA hai| yadi yaha kevala mUla granthase sambandhita bhUla nahIM hai to yaha pramANita karatI hai ki manuSya vibhAga vAlA siddhAnta buddhake virodhI chaio zAstAoMke liye samAna rUpase mAnya thaa|'-iN0 i0 ri0, ji0 1, pR. 262 / ____ ukta sthitimeM ikataraphA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isI tarahakI katipaya samAnatAoMko dekhakara kucha vidvAnoMne jaina dharmako bauddha dharmakI eka zAkhA samajha liyA thaa| usakA nirAkaraNa karake DA* yAkovIne jaina dharmako eka svataMtra aura bauddha dharmase prAcIna siddha kiyA / taba jainoM aura AjIvikoMkI katipaya bAtoM meM samAnatA dekhakara yaha nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki jainoMne AjIvikoMse amuka bAta lI hai yA mahAvIrake dharma para gozAlaka kA bar3A prabhAva pdd'aa| AcAra sambandhI niyama mahAvIrake AcAra sambandhI niyamoM para gozAlakakA prabhAva batalAte hue DA0 yAkovIne likhA hai-'AcAra sambandhI niyamoM ke sambandhameM saMgRhIta pramANa karIba karIba yaha pramANita karanekI sthitimeM haiM ki mahAvIrane adhika kaThora AcAra gozAlakase liye haiM kyoMki uttarAdhyayanameM ( 23 a0 gA0 13) kahA hai ki pAzvakA dharma 'sAntarottara' thA-sAdhuko eka antara vastra aura eka uttara vastra dhAraNa karanekI anumati detA thaa| kintu mahAvIrake dharmameM sAdhuke liye vastrakA niSedha thaa| jaina sUtroMmeM naMge sAdhuke

Page #470
saMgha bheda 445 liye acelaka zabda bahutAyatase AtA hai| kintu bauddha acelakoM aura nirgranthoMmeM bheda karate haiN| dhammapadakI buddhaghoSakRta TIkAmeM kucha bhikSoM ke sambandhameM yaha kahA hai ki ve acelakoMse nigranthoM ko prAthamikatA dete haiM, kyoMki acelaka bilkula nagna hote haiN| (sabvaso aptikkhnnaa)| jaba ki nigrantha maryAdAkI rakSAke liye eka prakArake AvaraNakA upayoga karate haiN| kintu una bhikSoMne galata' samajha liyA bauddha acelakake dvArA makkhali gozAla ora usake pUrvaja kisa saMkika aura nandavakkhake anuyAyikA nirdeza karate haiM aura majjhima nikAyameM unake niyamoMkA vivaraNa dete haiN|| uttarAdhyayanake jisa ullekhakI cacI DA0 yAkovIne uparakI hai usake sambandhameM hama pahale likha Aye haiN| isameM pArzvanAthakI paramparAke kezI zramaNa pArzvanAthake dharmako sAntarottara aura mahA-- vIrake dharmako acelaka batalAte haiN| 'sAntarottara' kA eka adhovastra aura eka uttaravastra artha jo DA0 yAkovIne kiyA hai vaha zvetAmbarIya TIkAkAroMke arthoMko dekhate hue to bahuta hI ucita hai| kintu AcArAMga sUtrameM usake prayogako dekhate hue yaha bhI 1-TippaNI meM DA0 yAkovIne likhA hai-'sesakaM purimasamappitA va patikkhAdeti' yaha zabda bilkula spaSTa nahIM hai| kintu bhedase usakA zrAzaya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| merA vizvAsa hai ki pAli 'sesaka' zabda ziznakake liye AyA hai| yadi yaha ThIka hai to ukta padakA artha isa prakAra hogA / 've ( apane zarIrake ) agra bhAgake lagabhaga ( eka vastra ) dhAraNa karake apane gupta aMgako DhAMka lete haiM / 2. zrAcArya zIlAGgane apanI TIkAmeM yahI artha kiyA hai--sAntara muttaraM-prAvaraNIyaM yasya sa tathA kvacit prAvRNoti, kvacit pArzvavarti vibharti' / zrAcA0 sU0 TI0 (sU0 209) /

Page #471
446 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA artha hotA hai ki vastrako pAsa rakhe aura AvazyakatA ho to usakA upayoga kara le / aisA artha karanese zvetAmbarIya' granthoM meM hI jo pArzvanAthake dharmako sacena aura acela donoM batalAyA hai usakI saMgati bhI baiTha jAtI hai| tathA kyoM pArzvanAthane 'sAntarottara aura mahAvIrane acelaka dharma rakhA, isakA jo samAdhAna gautamane kiyA, usakI saMgati baiTha jAtI hai| ____ AcArAMga sUtra ke anusAra vastradhAraNake tIna kAraNa batalAye haiM-parISaha sahane meM asamarthatA, indriyavikAra aura ljjaashiiltaa| aise asamartha sAdhuoMko guhya pracchAdanakI yA vastradhAraNakI AjJA pArzvanAthake dharmameM rahI ho yaha saMbhava mAnA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki bauddha ullekhoMse bhI nirgranthoMke savastra honekA samarthana milatA hai| kintu hameM yaha na bhulA denA cAhiye ki mahAvIrake samayameM pArzvapatyIyoMmeM zithilAcArane hI nahIM, kintu durAcAra takane praveza kara liyA thaa| DA0 yAkovIne bhI ise mAnya kiyA thA / isakA varNana pIche kiyA bhI jA cukA hai| ataH mahAvIrake samayameM vartamAna pArkhApatyIyoMke AcaraNake AdhAra parase yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki pArzvanAthane usI AcAra dharmakA niyama apane sAdhuoMke liye rakhA thaa| aura bauddha piTaka sAhityameM jina nirgranthoMkI carcA hai, DA0 yAkobIke anusAra bhI ve prAyaH pArzvanAthIya paramparAke nirgrantha the| kintu bauddha granthoM meM hI aise bhI nigranthoMkA ullekha hai jo naMge rahate the| yahA~ hama katipaya bauddha ullekhoMko dete haiM 1-'zrAcelako dhammo purimassa ya pachimassa ya jiNassa / majhimagANa jiNANaM hoI sacelo acelo ya / / 12 / / ' paJcA0 /

Page #472
saMgha bheda 447 aMguttara nikAyameM to 'niggaMThA ekasATakA 'likhakara nigranthoM ko ekazATaka batalAyA hai| kintu buddhaghoSane dIghanikAyakI TIkAmeM tathA dhammapadakI TIkA meM, jisakA ullekha DA0 yAkovIne apane lekhameM kiyA hai, nigranthoMko guhyAMga mAtra DhAkane vAlA batalAyA hai| DA0 yAkobIne hI apane 'mahAvIra aura usake pUrvavartI' zIrSaka lekhameM batalAyA hai ki buddhaghoSane dhammapadakI TIkAmeM likhA hai ki jo nimrantha nagna rahate hai ve uttama nigrantha mAne jAte haiN| __speMsa hArDIne apanI pustaka 'e mainyuala Apha buddhijma' (pR0 231 ) meM likhA hai ki zrAvastokA mRgAra seTha nigranthoMkA bhakta thA / usane apanI putravadhU vizAkhAko jo buddhakI bhakta thI, apane nigranthoMke darzanArtha bulaayaa| jaba usane naMge nigaMThoko dekhA to vaha acakacA kara lauTa gii| __buddhacaryA (pR0 326 ) meM rAhula jIne isa ghaTanAkA varNana karate hue naMge nigaMThoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| ___ isa taraha prAcIna bauddha sAhityameM nimranthoMke do rUpa milate haiM, naMge aura kaupInadhArI yA ekazATaka / unameM pArthApatyIya nimrantha bhI sammilita haiN| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vastra ko lekara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIrake dharmameM kitanA antara thA ? tathA pArzvanAthake anuyAyioM dvArA grAhya aura mahAvIrake dvArA tyAjya vastrakI kyA sthiti thii| ___ pIche, bhagavAna buddhase pahale nigrantha sampradAyakA astitva siddha karate hue, majjhima nikAyake mahAsIhanAdasuttase buddhakI pUrvacaryAkA varNana de Aye haiM aura yaha batalA Aye haiM ki buddhane nigranthoMkI caryAkA bhI pAlana kiyA thA kyoMki usameM unhoMne

Page #473
448 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva poTikA apane naMge rahane, keza loca karane aura hAthameM bhojana karanekA nirdeza kiyA hai aura ye saba AcAra digambara nigrantha sAdhuke haiN| ataH buddha ke samayameM tathA usase pahale bhI naMge nimrantha the, yaha pramANita hotA hai| ___ majjhima nikAyake mahAsacaka suttaMta (pR0 144 ) meM saccaka nigaMThaputtane ThIka vahI AcAra. jo buddhane pAlA thA-AjIvikoMkA batalAyA hai| jisake sambandhameM DA0 yAkobI yaha saMbhAvanA karate haiM ki mahAvIrane una niyamoMko acelakoM athavA AjIvikoMse liyaa| AjIvikoMke sambandhameM prakAza DAlate hue yaha batalAyA hai ki bauddha sAhityameM jahA~ kahIM AjIvikoMkA varNana hai vahA~ AjIvikoMse gozAlakake anuyAyI abhipreta hai| gozAlaka hI AjIvika sampradAyakA saMsthApaka thA aura vaha buddhakA samakAlIna thaa| ataH buddhane apane jIvanake pUrva bhAgameM yadi ukta kaThora tapazcaraNa kiyA thA to nizcaya hI unhoMne AjIvikoMko pravrajyA nahIM lI thI, kyoMki usa samaya AjIvika nahIM the| kintu nigrantha sampradAya buddhase pahale bhI vartamAna thaa| aura eka jaina ullekhake anusAra buddhane usa nigrantha sampradAyake eka AcAryase pravrajyA dhAraNa kI thii| ___ yadi jarA derake liye yaha mAna liyA jAye ki ukta kaThora AcaraNa AjIvikoMkA thA to prazna hotA hai ki unhoMne yaha kaThora prAcAra kisase liyA, kyoMki DA0 yAkovIne jaina sUtroMkI prastAvanAmeM ( saM0 bu0 I0, ji0 22, pR0 34 Adi) yaha likhA hai ki jainoM aura bauddhoMne apane sAdhu dharmake AcAra gautama dharma sUtra aura bauddhAyana dharma sUtrase liye haiN| ukta dharmasUtroM ke niyamoMmeM na to nagna rahanekA vidhAna hai, na

Page #474
saMgha bheda 449 hastabhojana hai aura na kezalu ca haiM / usake katipaya niyama nimna prakAra haiM 1 eka sAdhuko kucha bhI saMcaya nahIM rakhanA cAhiye / arthAt aparigrahI honA cAhiye / 2 brahmacArI honA cAhiye / 3 varSARtu meM use apanA sthAna parivartana nahIM karanA cAhiye / 4 use kevala bhikSA ke liye hI grAmameM jAnA cAhiye / 5 manuSyoM ke bhojana kara cukaneke pazcAt hI use bhikSA mA~ganI cAhiye / ( jaina muni pahale jAte haiM ) / 6 saba prakArakI icchAoM ko rokanA cAhiye / 7 use apanI nagnatA chipAne ke liye eka vastra dhAraNa karanA cAhiye / 8 bauddhAyanake anusAra use eka pItapaTa pahinanA cAhiye / 6 use paudoM aura vRkSoMkA koI bhAga nahIM lenA cAhiye, sivAya usake jo svataH alaga ho gayA ho / 10 eka gA~va meM eka hI rAta rahanA cAhiye / 11 use yA to bAla kaTAnA cAhiye yA jaTAjUTa rakhanA cAhiye ! 12 use bIjoMko naSTa nahIM karanA cAhiye / 13 jala chAnanekA vastra rakhanA cAhie / 14 eka lakar3I rakhanA cAhiye / 15. jo bhojana, binA kahe, binA pUrva taiyArIke, acAnaka prApta ho jAye vahI sAdhuko grahaNa karanA cAhiye aura utanA hI grahaNa karanA cAhiye jitanA jIvana dhAraNa ke liye Avazyaka ho / gautama dharmasUtra aura bauddhAyana dharmasUtra baddhase prAcIna haiM aisA katipaya vidvAnoM kA mata hai| isaliye bauddhadharmane unakA anukaraNa 26

Page #475
450 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kiyA ho, yaha saMbhava hai| kintu jaba pAzva nAthako aitihAsika vyakti tathA jaina dharmakA, jo ki prAcInatama sAdhu dharmoM meM se mAnA jAtA hai, saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA ho, jo nizcaya hI ukta sUtroMse pUrva hue the ; taba yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainoMne apane niyamAMmeM ukta niyamoMkA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai|| hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki vaidika dharmameM cAra AzramakI vyavasthA bahuta bAdameM AI hai aura cauthe saMnyAsa Azramake prati usakI utanI AsthA nahIM rahI hai| tathA zramaNoMkI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai aura zrAzrama zabda bhI usI dhAtuse niSpanna huA hai, jisase zramaNa / ataH AzramoMkA sambandha zramaNoMke sAtha hI jAna par3atA hai| aura isa taraha ukta niyama zramaNa paramparAke sAdhAraNa niyama ho sakate haiN| kintu hameM to yahA~ yaha batalAnA hai ki kezaloMca, nagnatA aura hasta bhojana tathA bhojana sambandhI anya kar3e AcAra ukta niyamoMmeM nahIM haiM, jinheM buddhane eka samaya pAlana kiyA thaa| aisI sthitimeM yaha sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki mahAvIrane kaThora niyama gozAlakase liye| pratyuta gozAlaka aura mahAvIrakA jisa prakArakA sambandha batalAyA gayA hai usase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki gozAlakane apane AjIvika sampradAyakI sthApanA mahAvIrake nigrantha sampradAyake AdhAra para kii| ___ DA0 yAkovIne eka upapatti yaha dI hai ki saccakane nirgrantha putra hote hue bhI acelaka AjIvikoMkI kAma bhAvanAkA to nirdeza kiyA kintu nimranthoMkI kAma bhAvanAkA nirdeza nahIM kiyA jaba ki jaina sAdhuoMko katipaya kriyAe~ acelaka AjIvikoMke tulya haiN| isa parase unhoMne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki saccaka

Page #476
saMgha bheda 451 pArzvanAthakA anuyAyI nimrantha thA aura pArzvanAthake anuyAyI nigranthoMmeM kaThora AcAra nahIM pAlA jAtA thaa| ___ yaha hama pahale batalA Aye haiM ki pArzvanAthake anuyAyI ziSyoMmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrake samaya taka dhIre dhIre zithilAcAra A gayA thA aura ve sukhazIla bhI bana gaye the| saJcaka nigrantha bhI unameM se ho sakatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki saccaka gautama buddhake sAmane aise zramaNa brAhmaNoMkI carcA karatA hai jo yA to kevala kAyika bhAvanAmeM tatpara ho viharate haiM yA kevala cittakI bhAvanAmeM ho viharate haiM / vaha kahatA hai___'bho gautama ! koI koI zramaNa brAhmaNa kAyika bhAvanAmeM tatpara ho viharate haiM, cittakI bhAvanAmeM nhiiN| vaha zArIrika duHkhamaya vedanAko pAte haiM / " bho gautama ! yahA~ koI zramaNa brAhmaNa cittakI bhAvanAmeM tatpara ho viharate haiM. kAyAkI bhAvanAmeM nhiiN| bho gautama vaha caitasika duHkhavedanAmeM par3ate haiN|' (bu. ca0, pR0 144) jo kevala kAya bhAvanAmeM tatpara ho viharate haiM unameM usane makkhali gozAla aura usake anuyAyioMko rakhate hue unakI burAI kI hai ki ve khUba khAte pIte aura mauja bhI karate haiM / citta bhAvanAke viSayameM pUchane para saccaka mauna raha jAtA hai| jaba buddha use bhAvitakAya aura bhAvita citta kaise huA jAtA hai yaha batalAte haiM to saccaka kahatA hai-'bho gautama ! merA vizvAsa hai ki Apa gautama bhAvitakAya aura bhAvitacitta haiM ?' taba gautama kahate haiM-'jarUra, agniveza! tUne tAnese yaha bAta kahI hai|' ukta vArtAlApase prakaTa hotA hai ki saccaka kevala kAya bhAvanA vAloM aura kevala tica bhAvanA vAloMkA makhola karaneke liye buddha

Page #477
452 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ke pAsa AyA thA aura kAyabhAvanAmeM AjIvikoMko aura kevala cittabhAvanA vAloMmeM gautama buddhako mAnatA thaa| Anandake kathana se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki vaha vakavAdI aura paMDitamAnI thaa| ataH prathama to nigranthoMkI burAI karanA use iSTa nahIM ho sakatA / dUsare yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vaha nimranthoMko bhAvitakAya aura bhAvitacitta mAnatA ho| isaliye usane nigranthoMkI kAyabhAvanAkI carcA na karake unake virodhI AjIvikoMkI carcA kI ho| ataH usake vArtAlApa parase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki pAzvanAthake dharmameM kaThora AcAra nahIM thA aura mahAvIrane hI use sthAna diyaa| hA~, pArzvanAthake anuyAyI nigranthoM meM jo zithilAcAra A gayA thA, use dUra karane ke liye mahAvIrane apane niprantha sampradAyake liye kaThora AcArakI vyavasthA kI ho yahI sambhava pratIta hotA hai kintu ve niyama gozAlakase liye hoM, yaha to kisI bhI taraha sambhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| ___ DA0 yAkovIne apane vidvattApUrNa nibandha 'mahAvIra aura usake pUrvavartiyoM para' ke antameM svayaM yaha bAta svIkAra kI hai ki digambara prAcIna haiM aura usa samayake sarva zAstAoM para jainadharmakA prabhAva thaa| vaha likhate haiM-chai tIrthaGkara zIrSaka 'jemsa DI 1-In James d'alwis praper on the 'six Tirthakas' the 'Digambaras' appear to have been regarded as an old order of ascetics, and all of those heretical teachers betray the influence of jainism in their doctrines or religious practices, as we shall now point out. -Ind. Ant. ji06 /

Page #478
saMgha bheda 453 visa ke lekhase prakaTa hai ki 'digambara' sAdhuoMke eka prAcIna sampradAya ke rUpa meM mAne jAte rahe haiN| tathA sabhI virodhI dharmaguru apane siddhAntoM aura dhArmika AcaraNoM para jaina dharmake prabhAvako apanAye hue haiM jaisA ki aba hama batalAyeMge / gozAla makkhali puta eka raIsakA dAsa thA / usake mAlikane use usake vastroMse bAMdha diyA / vastra DhIle the, isase gozAlaka unase chUTakara naMgA bhAga khar3A huA / isa sthitimeM vaha digambara jainoMke yA bauddhoMke pAsa gayA / apanA eka sampradAya kAyama kiyA / jainoMke anusAra vaha mahAvIrakA ziSya thA phira usase svatantra ho gayA / " pUraNakazyapane yaha socakara ki digambara rahanese merI vizeSa pratiSThA hogI, kapar3e pahananA svIkAra nahIM kiyA / ajita keza kambalI vRkSoM meM jIva mAnatA thA / pUkuddha kAtyAyana pAnI meM jIva mAnatA thA / '' isa taraha usa samayake cAra tIrthaGkara jainadharmake siddhAntoM se prabhAvita the| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki jaina vicAra aura cAra mahAvIra ke samaya meM avazya hI pracalita rahe haiM / isase bhI patA calatA hai ki nigrantha mahAvIra se bahuta pahale se cale Ate the / ' DA0 yAkovIke hI ukta zabdoM ke prakAzameM hameM unake abhimata - ke viruddha kucha vizeSa kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI / DA0 halarane bhI mahAvIrake nimrantha sampradAyakA mahatva batalAte hue likhA hai- buddhake pratidvandI anya sampradAyoMkA -varNana karate hue bauddha granthoMmeM likhA hai ki unhoMne nirgranthoMkI nakala kI hai aura ve naMge rahate haiM / athavA loga unheM nimrantha samajhate haiM kyoMki unheM ghaTanAvaza vastra tyAganA par3A hai| yadi vardhamAnakA sampradAya mahatvazAlI na hotA to isa prakArake udgAroMkA prakaTIkaraNa zakya na hotA / (iM0 se0 jai0 pR0 36 )

Page #479
454 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrvapIThikA ataH DA0 yA kavIkA yaha kathana ki mahAvIrane gozAlakakA anusaraNa kiyA ThIka nahIM pratIta hotA / 'mahAvIra aura gozAlakake milanakA uddezya' DA0 yAkobI ne likhA hai- 'mahAvIrane jo AjIvikoMke katipaya dhArmika vicAroM aura kriyAoM ko apanAyA, ise hama eka prakArakA upahAra mAnate haiM jo gozAlaka aura unake ziSyoM ko apane vaza meM karaneke liye diyA gayA thA / aisA lagatA hai ki yaha kucha samaya taka to saphala huA, kintu anta meM donoM paraspara meM gar3a gaye / aura yaha anumAna karanA zakya hai ki jhagar3A isa bAta para huA ki sammilita sampradAyakA pramukha kauna bane ? gozAlaka ke sAtha asthAyI sandhi kara lenese mahAvIrakI sthiti dRr3ha ho gaI / yadi hama jainoMke vivaraNa para vizvAsa kareM to gozAlakakA dukhada anta usake sampradAya ke liye avazya hI bhayAnaka AghAta huA / ' ( se0 bu0 I0, ji0 45, pR0 30 ) ukta kathanase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki mahAvIrane gozAlakako prasanna karaneke liye usake kucha AcAra apanAye aura gozAlaka ke sAtha asthAyI sandhi karanese mahAvIrakI sthiti dRr3ha ho gaI / Jain Educationa International prathama bAtake sambandhameM hama prakAza DAla cuke haiN| ataH yahA~ dUsarIke sambandhameM DAlate haiN| DA0 yAkovIne jaina sUtroMkI apanI usI prastAvanA meM, jisameM ukta bAta kahI hai, likhA hai ki 'jaba bauddha dharma sthApita huA usa samaya nigrantha eka pramukha sampradAyake rUpa meM vartamAna the / tathA anyatra bauddha granthoMmeM niganthoMkA bahutAyata se ullekha tathA isake viparIta jaina AgamoM meM bauddhoMkA kicita bhI nirdeza na dekhakara unhoMne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #480
saMgha bheda 455 bauddha nirganthoMko eka pranukha sampradAya mAnate the jaba ki jaina apane virodhiyoMkI paravAha nahIM karate the| yaha to huI buddhake samaya nigrantha sampradAyakI sthiti jisake pramukha nigrantha jJAtRputra mahAvIra the| mahAvorake sambandhameM DA0 yAkovIne jaina sUtroM ke prathama bhAgakI apanI prastAvanAmeM unake mAtRkula aura pitRkulakA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki yaha hama isaliye de rahe haiM ki hama isake jJAnase yaha jAna sakane meM samartha ho sakeM ki mahAvIra apane mizanameM saphalatA kaise prAptakara ske| ___ jahA~ taka jJAta hotA hai pitRkula aura mAtRkula ke sambandhoMkI dRSTise mahAvIrakI laukika sthiti buddhase yadi ikkIsa nahIM thI to unnIsa bhI nahIM thii| tathA vaha prAcIna nigrantha sampradAyake tIrthaGkara the| bauddha nikAya granthoMmeM yatra tatra unakI carcA karate hue likhA hai ki bar3I bhArI nirgranthoMkI pariSadake sAtha nigaMTha nATaputta amuka jagaha vAsa karate the| isake viparIta gozAlaka kulakI dRSTise hIna thA, mAMgatA khAtA phiratA thaa| aba vaha mahAvIrake pAsa AyA taba usakI koI sthiti nahIM thii| bauddha nikAya granthoMmeM yadyapi chai zAstAoMmeM usakA nAma bhI sarvatra AtA hai, kintu mujhe to eka bhI aisA ullekha nahIM milA, jahA~ use bhI AjIvikoMkI bar3I pariSadake sAtha vAsa karatA batalAyA ho, uttarA0 sUtra0 ke Adraka aura gozAlaka saMvAdameM gozAlaka mahAvIra bhagavAnapara yaha Aropa lagAtA hai ki pahale mahAvIra ekAkI rahate the aura aba bahutase nigranthoMke sAtha rahate haiN| isa para DA0 hAnalene likhA hai ki-gozAlakake sAtha bhI bahutase AjIvika rahate the| ataH saMghake pramukhakA bahutase sAdhuoMse ghire rahanA koI doSa nahIM hai| kintu isa

Page #481
456 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA Apase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki mahAvIrane buddhakI taraha thoM kA eka saMgha sthApita kara liyA thA / mahAvIrake anuyAyI choTe yA bar3e samudAyoMmeM vibhinna sthAnoM meM phaile hue the, jo eka saMgha eka niyama aura eka netAke adhIna the| isake viparIta gozAlaka ke anuyAyI saMkhyA meM thor3e the aura usIke sAtha rahate the / anya bhI AjIvika saMgha the kintu ve nandavatsya aura kRza sAMkRtya ke adhIna the| ninthoM aura bauddhoMkI taraha AjIvikoMkA eka saMgha nahIM thA / apane atyadhika saphala pratidvandIke viruddha gozAlaka kA ukta doSAropaNa usakI apanI ayogyatAko hI batalAtA hai / ' - ( iM0 i0ri0 ) aisI sthiti meM maiM nahIM samajhatA ki mahAvIrako gozAlakako prasanna karanekI kyA AvazyakatA thI ? gozAlakakI sthiti to aisI jAna par3atI hai ki jisake sAtha sneha hojAnese Adara milane kI saMbhAvanA nahIM, aura vidveSa hojAnese bhayakI sambhAvanA nahIM / 9 DA0 yAkobIkI apekSA DA0 hArnalekA mata hI isa viSaya meM adhika sAdhAra pratIta hotA hai| ve likhate haiM- 'mahAvIra se milanemeM gozAlakakA kyA uddezya thA yaha nizcaya kara sakanA kaThina hai / yaha ho sakatA hai ki usa dhArmika utsAhI mahAvIrakI saMgatise gozAlaka svabhAvameM apekSAkRta uttama sahaja jJAna asthAyI rUpase jAgrata huA ho / athavA yaha ho sakatA hai ki, jaisAki jaina vivaraNa batalAtA hai, gozAlakane mahAvIra se apane vyavasAya ke liye upayogI zaktizAlI upAyoMko sIkhanekI AzA kI ho / DA0 barune' 'AjIvika' sambandhI apane nibandhameM batalAyA 1 - mAM0 iM0 patrikA, ji08, pR0 183 /

Page #482
saMgha bheda 457 hai ki AjIvika zabdakA prayoga bhAratIya sAhityameM ina tInake liye kiyA gayA hai (1) vistRta arthameM parivrAjakoMke lie (2) saMkucita arthameM pUraNakassapa, makkhali gozAla Adi pAMca tIrthakoke dhArmika sampradAyoMke lie| aura (3) atyanta saMkucita arthameM makkhali yA makkhali putra gozAlake ziSyoM aura anuyAyioMke liye| tathA bha ratIya sAhityameM jina vibhinnarUpoMmeM AjIvakoMkA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai unheM cAra zreNiyoMmeM rakhA jA sakatA hai-(1) acelaka sAdhu, jo acela, acelaka khapaNai, kSapaNaka, nagna, nagnapavvajita namnaka, nagnakSapaNaka kahe jAte the| (2) eka parivrAjakoMkA samudAya jo apane sAtha eka vAMsakI lakar3I yA eka lakar3I rakhatA thA / aura maskarI, edaNDI, ekadaNDI, laTThIhattha, aura veNu parivrAjaka kahA jAtA thaa| (3) siramuMDe vairAgI, jo ghara 2 bhikSA mAMgate haiM aura jinheM muNDiyamuNDa yA 'ghara muDaniya samaNa' kahA hai / ( 4 ) sanyAsiyoMkI eka zreNI, jinake jIvanakA vyavasAya bhikSAvRtti thA jo nagnatAko apanI svacchatA aura tyAgakA eka bAhya cinha banAye hue the, kintu antaraMgameM eka gRhasthase acche nahIM the| unheM AjIva, AjIvaka, AjIviya, AjIvika aura jIvasiddho kSapaNaka kahA hai| kahanA na hogA ki Upara kA nambara tIna aura nIcekA cAra parasparameM sambaddha haiN| arthAt gozAlakake anuyAyI yA ziSya, jo AjIvika kahe jAte the, yadyapi saMnyAsI the, kintu jIvikAke khojI mAtra the| aura saMnyAsake AvaraNameM eka gRhasthase acche nahIM the jaisA ki Age spaSTa kiyA jaayegaa| aise gozAlakakI saMgatise mahAvIra

Page #483
458 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA ? aura usake sampradAyako lAbha pahu~canekI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM kI jA sktii| aura isaliye gozAlaka mahAvIrako Adara pUrvaka bhikSA milate dekhakara unake sAtha rahaneke liye utsuka huA ho, yahI saMbhava pratIta hotA hai / aba prazna rahA, mahAvIra se gozAlaka pRthaka kyoM huA DA0 yAkovIkA kahanA hai ki sammilita saMghakA pramukha kauna bane isako lekara ina donoM meM jhagar3A huA jAna par3atA hai / bhagavatI sUtra to unake bhedakA kAraNa saiddhAntika matabhedakA honA batalAtA hai / tilake paudevAlI ghaTanA ke bAdase unameM vaimanasya paidA huA kintu pRthaka honeke pazcAt gozAlakane zrAvastI meM eka kumhArI ke gharameM rahakara apanA pRthaka saMgha banAyA aura apaneko caubIsavAM torthaGkara kahanA zurU kiyA / isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki usake mana meM tIrthaGkara banane kI abhilASA thI / aura mahAvIra se pRthaka hokara vaha unase pahale tIrthaGkara bana gayA, kyoMki bha0 sU0 ke anusAra jaba mahAvIrako jina dIkSA liye pUre do varSa bhI nahIM hue the, tabhI gozAlaka unake pIche laga gayA aura chai varSa taka sAtha rhaa| mahAvIra svAmIne lagabhaga tIsa varSakI avasthA meM jina dIkSA lI, aura bAraha varSa ke tapazcaraNake pazcAt unheM kevala jJAnakI prApti ke sAtha hI sAtha tIrthaGkara pada prApta huA / isa taraha unheM 42 varSakI avasthAmeM tIrthaGkara pada prApta huA / aura jaba vaha 38 ke the, tabhI gauzAlakane unase sambandha viccheda kara liyA aura apanA saMgha kAyama kara diyaa| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt zrAvastI meM hI unakI bheMTa huii| usa samaya mahAvIrako tIrthaGkara hue caudaha varSa bIte the / aura gozAlakake AjIvika saMghako sthApita hue 16 varSa ho cuke the / kintu tIrthaGkara padako lekara kalaha sambandhavicchedakA mUla n

Page #484
saMgha bheda 456. kAraNa nahIM jAna par3atA / usake mUla meM kucha anya kAraNa bhI haiM,. jaina aura bauddha ullekhoMse jinakA samarthana hotA hai| DA0 hArnalene likhA hai ki isa jaina vaktavyakI, ki gozAlaka eka kumhArIke ghara meM rahA thA, satyatAmeM sandeha karanekA koI kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotA / yaha kArya gozAlaka ke vAstavika caritra para prakAza DAlatA hai aura gozAlaka ke prati buddhake ghRNA bhAvase bhI usakA samarthana hotA hai' - iM0 i0 ri0, ji0 1, pR0 260 / ve aura bhI kahate haiM-- 'gozAlakakA eka strI sthAnako anA mukhya AvAsa banAnA batalAtA hai ki gozAlakakA matabheda saiddhAntika nahIM thA, kintu caritra viSayaka thA / pArzva ke cAra yAmoM meM parivartana karake mahAvIrane brahmacaryako pRthaka sthAna diyA thA / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki pArzva ke kamajora sAdhuyoMmeM anaitikatA praveza kara gaI thii| isI bAta parase gozAlaka mahAvIra se pRthaka ho gayA / ' pArzvapatya aura gozAlaka DA0 hArnale ukta kathanakA spaSTIkaraNa karaneke liye pArzva - patyayoM aura gozAlakake pArasparika sambandha meM prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM (15-1 ) likhA hai ki eka samaya gozAlaka - ke samIpa chai dizAcara aaye| TIkAkArane dizAcaroMko pArzvastha aura cUrNikArane pArzvapatyIya batalAyA hai| arthAt ve pArzvanAthakI paramparAke the / ve chahoM apanI buddhise pUrvagata ATha mahA nimittoMkA vicAra karate the / ve ATha mahAnimitta haiM - divya, utpAta, antarikSa, bhauma, svara, aMga, lakSaNa aura vyaMjana / inase prANiyoM 1

Page #485
"46. jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA ke jIvana maraNa, sukha duHkha aura lAbha alAbhakI jAnakArI hotI hai| ye jyotiSase sambaddha haiM / inhIMke AdhAra para gozAlakane yaha siddhAnta sthApita kiyA ki saba prANiyoMke liye ye cha bAteM anatikramaNIya haiM---jIvana maraNa, sukha duHkha, lAbha alAbha / inako TAlA nahIM jA sakatA, jisake bhAgyameM jo badA hai vaha hotA hai| yahI gozAlakakA prasiddha daivavAdakA siddhAnta hai| sambhavataH apane isa siddhAntako apane jIvana vyavahArameM utAraneke kAraNa hI usa para abrahmacaryAvAsakA dUSaNa jaina aura bauddha donoMne lagAyA hai jo sAdhAra pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki zuddha daivavAdake siddhAntakA pariNAma 'anaitika AcaraNa' hai| jaba pApa puNya kevala devAdhIna haiM, puruSakA usameM kucha bhI kartRtva nahIM hai, taba naitika honekA prayatna karanekI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? kintu isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM lenA cAhiye ki cUMki gozAlakake daivavAdakA siddhAnta pUrvose liyA gayA thA isaliye mahAvIra aura gozAlakameM saiddhAntika matabheda nahIM thA, jaisA ki DA0 hAnalekA kathana hai| jaina dharmameM isa prakArake daivavAdako koI sthAna nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina dharma meM yadyapi 'karma' kA mahattva hai kintu puruSArtha ke dvArA pUrvakRta karmoko parivartita hI nahIM, kintu naSTa bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / astu, Uparake ullekhase spaSTa hai ki gozAlaka pArthApatyIyoMke bhI saMsagameM thaa| ___ aba hama sUtra kRtAMgase kucha udAharaNa aura dete haiM jinase bhI ukta bAtakA samarthana hotA hai sUtrakRtAMgase patA calatA hai ki tilake paudeko lekara gozA lakane jisa prakArakI Apatti kI thI, usI prakArakA kutarka pAvApatya bhI karate the|

Page #486
saMgha bheda 461 sUtra0 (2 zru0 7 a0 ) meM batalAyA hai ki udaka peDhAlaputra nAmaka pArzvapatyIya nirgrantha gautama svAmIse Akara bolA- he gautama ! kumAraputra nAmake Apake eka nirgrantha niyama grahaNa karaneke liye Aye hue zrAvakoMse isa prakAra tyAga karAte haiM --- 'rAjA Adike abhiyogoMko chor3akara trasa prANiyoM ko daNDa denekA tyAga hai / yaha tyAga karAnA ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki isa prakAra tyAga karAnevAle puruSa apanI pratijJAkA ullaMghana karate haiM / aura isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prANI parivartanazIla hai isaliye sthAvara prANI bhI kabhI trasaprANI ho jAtA hai aura saprANI sthAvara rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai / ataH jaba ve saprANI sthAvara rUpa meM utpanna hote haiM to ve sakAyako daNDa na denekI pratijJA karane vAloM dvArA ghAta karaneke yogya ho jAte haiM / ataH unakA tyAga ThIka nahIM kahalAyA; kyoMki jisako ghAta na karanekA unhoMne niyama liyA thA, ve hI sajIva sthAvara paryAya meM unake dvArA ghAte jAte haiM / ' ukta zaMkAkA samAdhAna karane para udaka puna: usI praznako pUkArAntara se pUchatA hai - he gautama! aisI eka bhI paryAya nahIM hai jisake ghAtakA tyAga zrAvaka kara sake; kyoMki prANI parivartanazIla hai, kabhI sthAvara trasa ho jAte haiM aura kabhI trasa sthAvara ho jAte haiM / ve sabake saba jaba sthAvara kAyameM utpanna ho jAte haiM to zrAvakoM ke ghAtake yogya hote haiN| isa prakAra ke prazna pArthyApatyayoMkI usa prakRti aura sthiti para prakAza DAlate haiM jo gozAlakakI manaHsthiti se milatI huI hai| aba prakRta strI bhogake viSaya meM pArzvasthoMkI vAcAlatAkA

Page #487
462 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA namUnA dekhiye - sUtra 01 ( 1 zru0, 30, 4 u0 ) meM prArambhameM zItala jala, bIja aura harI vanaspatikA bhakSaNa karanevAloMkI carcA karake likhA hai ki strIke vazameM rahane vAle aura jaina zAstra se vimukha mUrkha anArya pArzvastha aisA kahate haiM-- jaise phor3eko dabA denA cAhiye vaise hI samAgamakI prArthanA karanevAlI strIke sAtha samAgama karanA caahiye| isameM doSa kyA hai ? jaise bher3a, pakSI binA hilAye jala pIte haiM vaise hI samAgamakI prArthanA karanevAlI strI ke sAtha samAgama karanemeM kyA doSa hai ? isa prakAra maithuna sevanako niravadya batalAne vAle midhyAdRSTi anArya pArzvastha haiN| prArambhameM jo zIta udaka, hare bIjakA sevana karanevAloMkI carcA kI hai, vaha spaSTa hI gozAlakakA mata hai aura anta meM jo pArzvasthoM kA strI viSayaka mantavya diyA hai, vaha bhI gozAlaka ke anukUla hai| ataH gozAlaka prArambhameM pArzvanAthakI paramparA meM dIkSita huA ho yaha sambhava hai / tathA vaha pArzvapatyIyoMke prabhAva meM ho yaha bahuta kucha sambhava jAna par3atA hai / AjIvika sampradAya nagna rahatAthA, isameM to koI vivAda hI nahIM hai / kintu uttarakAla ke katipaya lekhakoMne to nagnatAko 1 haMsu mahApurisA puvviM tattatavodhaNA / udaya siddhimAvannA tattha maMdo visIyati // | 1 || + + + evamege tu pAtthA, pannavaMti NAriyA | itthIvasaM gayA bAlA jiNasAsa paramhA || jahA gaMDa pilAgaM vA paripIleja muhuttagaM / evaM vinnavatthI doso tattha ko sizrA // 10 // - sU0 1 0 3 0, 4 u0 /

Page #488
saMgha bheda AjIvikoMke sAtha hI bAMdha diyA hai aura jo nagna so AjIvaka' aisI byApti sI banAkara digambara jainoMko hI gozAlakakA athavA AjIvikoMkA uttarAdhikArI siddha kara DAlA hai| AjIvika aura digambara AjIvikoM aura digambaroMmeM tIna bAtoMko lekara samAnatA pAI jAtI hai - donoM nagna rahate the, donoM hastabhojI the aura digambaroMkI taraha zAyada AjIvika bhI kezaluca karate the| isa nagnatAke kAraNa kinhIM kinhIM granthakAroMko bhI donoM kI ekatAmeM bhrama ho gayA, aisA pratIta hotA hai / aura usI bhramake AdhAra para kalpanAoM aura anumAnoMkA tAnA bAnA bunakara bIsavIM zatIke katipaya anveSaka vidvAnoMne AjIvikoMko digambara jainoMkA pUrvaja mAna liyA, jinameM DA0 hAnalekA nAma ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki sUtra kRtAgaMkI TIkAmeM zIlAMkane AjIvikoM trairAzikoM aura digambaroko eka batalAyA hai| kintu unakA yaha kathana bhramapUrNa hai / zIlAkaMke do vAkya isa prakAra haiM 1 zrAjIvikAdInAM paratIthikAnAM digambarANAM cAsadAcAranirUpaNayAha 2 te gozAlakamatAnusAriNo digambarA vA...", a03,u0 3, gA0 17 kI TIkA / pahale vAkyakA artha hai-'AjIvika' Adi paratIrthikoM aura digambaroMke asadAcArakA nirUpaNa karaneke liye kahate haiN|' isa vAkyameM spaSTa hI AjIvikoM aura digambaroMko eka nahIM batalAyA / yadi 'paratIrthakAnAM' padako 'digambarANAM ke sAtha bhI lagAyA jAye to artha hogA- 'AjIvika Adi aura digambara prtiirthikoNke| sUtra kRtAMgake hindI TIkAkArane yahI artha kiyA

Page #489
464 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hai| yadyapi mujhe apanA ukta artha hI adhika susaMgata pratIta hotA hai| zIlAMka AjIvikoMko paratIthiMka batalAtA hai, digambaroMko nahIM, tathApi yadi dUsarA artha ho Thoka mAna jAye to bhI AjIvaka aura digambara eka nahIM Thaharate / 'ca' zabdake honese AjIvakAdi aura digambarameM vizeSaNavizeSya bhAva iSTa nahIM hai| isItaraha dUsare vAkyameM jo 'vA' zabda bIcameM par3A hai vaha 'ca' kA sthAnApanna hai| ataH usakA artha hotA hai- 've gozAlaka matAvalambI tathA digambara smprdaayvaale'| isa vAkyameM 'gozAlakamatAnusArI' pada pUrva vAkyake 'AjIvikAdi' padakA sthAnApanna hai| ataH donoM vAkyoMke dvArA zIlAGkane AjIvika Adi gozAlaka matAnusAriyoM aura digambaroMko eka nahIM mAnA hai| aura yadi mAnA hai to zIlAGkakA ukta lekha bhI bhrAnta hai aura usase koI bhI buddhimAna' sahamata nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki AjIvikoM aura digambaroMmeM maulika saiddhAntika bheda hai / isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai zIlAMkane jisa gAthA' 12 kI TIkAke prArambhameM 'zrAjIvakAdInAM paratIthikAno' Adi likhA hai, usa gAthAmeM jainamuni Ajo. vika Adi paratIthikose kahatA hai ki tuma loga kAMsA Adike pAtroMmeM bhojana karate ho, rogI sAdhuke liye gRhasthAMke dvArA AhAra maMgAte ho / isa prakAra tuma loga boja aura kacce jalakA upabhoga karate ho aura uddiSTa bhojana karate ho| 1-'bhAratIya vidyA' ji0 3 pR0 36 meM gopANikA 'zrAjIvika sekTa' zIrSaka lekha / 2 'tumbhe bhujaha pAe su, gilANo abhihaDaMmi vA / taM ca bIaodagaM moccA, tamuddisAdi jaM kaDaM // 12 //

Page #490
saMgha bheda 465 yahA~ cAra Aropa AjIvikoM para lagAye haiM- zIta jalakA vyavahAra, bIja bhakSaNa, udiSTa bhojana aura bImAra rogIke liye gRhasthake pAtrameM AhAra lAkara use khilAnA / gozAlaka Ardraka saMvAdameM, jisakA pIche ullekha kiyA hai, gozAlaka kahatA hai ki zItodaka bIja kAya, udiSTa bhojana tathA strI sevana karanese hamAre sAdhuko pApa nahIM lagatA / yahA~ gozAlakane ukta cAra bAtoMmeM se tIna kahIM hai, pAtra bhojana nahIM liyA hai, usake sthAna para strI sevana rakhA hai|| isakA matalaba yaha hai ki AjIvika sAdhu ukta 4 cIjoMkA sevana karane meM doSa nahIM mAnate the| aura cuMki isakI utthAnikAmeM zIlAMkane digambaroMko bhI sammilita kara liyA hai, ataH zIlAGka ke anusAra diganbaroMmeM bhI zItala jala vagairahake vyavahArameM doSa nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| saMbhavataH isI se DA. hArnalene donoMko eka mAna liyA jAna par3atA hai| ___ DA0 hAnale sAhaba kA kahanA hai ki 'vAstavameM digambara aura zvetAmbaroMmeM bhI ukta cAra bAtoMko lekara hI mata bheda hai / zItala jala aura bIjake bhakSaNa para roka kisI bhI prakArake jIvakI surakSAke lie hai| kintu kahA jAtA hai ki digambara kevala pazupakSI vagairahakI surakSAkI ora hI dhyAna dete haiM jaba ki zvetAmbara jIva mAtrakI surakSAke pakSapAtI haiN| brahmacaryake donoM pakSapAtI haiM kintu zvetAmbara bhikSA pAtra rakhate haiM, digambara nahIM rakhate / nagnatAko lekara virodha to donoMke nAmoMse hI spaSTa hai / (iM0 i0 ri0, ji0 1, pR0 267 ) digambara muni AjIvikoMkI taraha zItala jala aura bIja kAyakA sevana karate haiM tathA ve kevala pakSI pazu Adi sthUla jIvoM

Page #491
466 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kI surakSA para hI vizeSa dhyAna dete haiM, ye bAteM batalAtI haiM ki DA0 hAnalene digambara granthoMkA avalokana nahIM kiyA thA tathA saMbhavatayA zIlAMkakI TIkAke AdhAra para ukta bAteM likha dI haiN| apane matake uttarAdhake samarthana meM unhoMne Jas, Burgess ke eka lekha 'digambara jaina ekono grAphI' (iM0 e0, ji0 32, pR0460) kA ullekha kiyA hai| vargesane apane lekhameM likhA hai ki 'zvetAmbara loga saba prakArake prANiyoMke jIvanake prati atyanta sAvadhAna hote haiM, jabaki digambara kevala parimita rUpase hI vaise hote haiN| ___isa lekhakane aisA kisa AdhAra para likhA hama nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki usane apane ukta lekhameM apane kathanake samarthanameM koI pramANa upasthita nahIM kiyaa| digambara paramparAmeM zrAvakake gyAraha bheda haiM / thor3AsA herapherake sAtha zvetAmbara paramparAmeM bhI ukta bheda ginAye haiN| unheM zrAvaka pratimA kahate haiM / zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra to pratimArUpa zrAvaka dharma vicchinna ho gayA, kintu digambara paramparAmeM usakI pravRtti Aja bhI hai| zrAvakake una gyAraha bhedoMmeM pA~cavAM bheda sacitta' tyAga hai| zvetAmbaroMmeM isakA sthAna sAtavAM haiN| isakA pAlaka zrAvaka sacitta jala, patra puSpa, bIja vagairaha kA sevana nahIM krtaa| aisI sthitimeM jaba paJcama 1 'mUla phala zAka zAkhA karIra kanda prasUna vIjAni / nAmAni yoti so'yaM sacittavirato dayAmUrtiH / / 141 / / -ratna shraa0|| "haritAGkarabIjAmbulavaNAdyaprAsukaM tyajan / jAgratakRpazcatuniSThaH sacittavirataH smRtaH // -sAgAra0 7 a08 zlo.

Page #492
saMgha bheda 467 zrAvakake lie bhI zItala jala aura bIjakA sevana varjita hai, taba munikA to kahanA hI kyA hai ? __digambara jaina sAdhu 46 doSoMko bacAkara AhAra karatA hai| una doSoMmeM eka doSakA nAma unmizra' hai| pRthivI, aprAsuka jala, . harita kAya, bIja aura trasoMse mizrita AhArako unmizra kahate haiN| arthAt yadi bhojanameM zItala jala aura bIjakA mizraNa ho jAye to vaha AhAra unmizra doSase yukta honeke kAraNa digambara jaina sAdhuke liye agrAhya hai| aisI sthitimeM yaha kahanA ki digambara jaina sAdhu zItala jala aura bIjoMko grahaNa karate haiM, bilkula nirAdhAra aura asatya hai| isase bhI bhayAnaka eka dUsarI bhUla hai| ___ DA0 hAnalene likhA hai ki digambara sAdhu 5 phITa U~cA eka daNDa hAthameM liye rahate haiM, yaha unake AjIvika honekA dUsarA pramANa hai, kyoMki AjIvika ekadaNDI the| (iM0 i. ri0, pR0267) digambara sAdhu eka mayUrake paMkhoke pIchI aura kamaNDaluke sivAya aura koI upakaraNa apane pAsa nahIM rkhte| jisa 5 phiTa U~ce daNDako hAthameM lie rahanekA nirdeza DA0 hAnalene kiyA hai, vaha zvetAmbara sAdhuoMkA upakaraNa hai, digambara jaina sAdhuoMkA nhiiN| yadi yaha daNDa AjIvikoMkI dena hai to zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ko bhI AjIvika mAnanA hogA kyoMki jainoMmeM ve hI ekadaNDI 1 "puDhavI zrAU ya tahA haridA vIyA tasA ya sajIvA / paMcehi tehiM missaM pAhAraM hodi ummissaM // 472 // mUlAcA0' "pRthvyA ' prAsukayA ' dbhizca vIjena haritena yat / mizraM jIvattra saizcAnna mahAdoSaH sa mizrakaH // 36 // " --anagAra0, a05 /

Page #493
jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva-pITikA haiN| ataH yadi AjIvikoMke nagna rahanese digambaroMko AjIvikoM kA uttarAdhikArI mAnA jAtA hai to AjIvikoMke eka daNDI hone se daNDadhArI zvetAmbaroMko bhI AjIvikoMkA uttarAdhikArI batalAnA hogaa| kintu yaha saba bhrAnta kalpanAe~ haiN| aura unake AdhAra para AjIvikoM aura digambaroMkA aikya pramANita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___ kheda hai ki Ajake koI koI lekhaka svayaM adhyayana na karake ukta prakArakI bhrAnta dhAraNAoMke AdhAra para hI kAgaja kAle karate hue pAye jAte haiN| isakA eka udAharaNa zrI rAmaghoSakA vaha lekha hai jo unhoMne oriyanTala kAMphrasake dvitIya adhivezanameM par3hA thA / usa lekhakA zIrSaka hai- 'azokakA dhrm'| yaha lekha DA0 hArnaleke ukta lekhako sAmane rakhakara hI likhA gayA hai| zrI ghopane bhI likhA hai ki digambara sAdhu 5 phITa U~cA daNDa rakhate haiM, zItala jala aura vIja grahaNa karate haiN| yadi digambara jainoMke. sAhityakA adhyayana karake zrI ghoSane apanA lekha likhA hotA to DA0 hAnalekI bhrAntiyoMkA hI piSTapeSaNa karanekA kaSTa unheM na uThAnA pdd'taa| DA0hAnale videzI the aura unhoMne apanA lekha 16vIM zatI ke antameM usa samaya likhA thA jaba dagambara jaina sAhitya prakAzameM nahIM AyA thaa| kintu zrIghoSane to apanA lekha usase cauthAI zatAbdI pazcAt 1622 meM likhA hai, jaba digambara jaina sAhitya kAphI prakAzita ho cukA thaa| upalabdha digambara jaina sAhityakA prArambha IsAkI prathama zatAbdIse hotA hai| usameM AjIvikoMkI chAyA takakA saMketa nahIM milatA aura RSabha devase lekara vardhamAna mahAvIra payanta caubIsa tIrthaGkaroMkA hI ekamAtra guNagAna Adi kiyA gayA hai| hAM bhojanake

Page #494
saMgha bheda 466 46 doSoMmeM se eka doSakA nAma 'AjIva' bhI hai| apanI jAti kula, zilpakarma, tapasyA, prabhutva Adiko batalAkara bhojana prApta karanA 'AjIva" nAmakA doSa hai| yaha pahale likhA hI hai ki 'AjIva' se hI AjIvika zabda niSpanna huA hai| aura AjIvika sAdhu zrAjIva yA AjIvikAke viSayameM apanA eka viziSTa dRSTikoNa rakhate the| sambhava hai ki ve apanI jAti AdikA bakhAna karake bhojana prApta karate hoN| aura unakI usa vRttike AdhAra para AjIva nAmaka doSakI racanA huI ho| kintu yaha doSa yadi AjIvikoMkI vRttise saMbandha rakhatA hai to usase digambara jainoM aura AjIvikoMkA baimatya hI prakaTa hotA hai, aikya yA ekamatya nahIM prakaTa hotaa| - yahA~ yaha batalA denA bhI ucita hogA ki zvetAmbara sAhityameM bhI 'AjIva' nAmaka bhojana doSa ginAyA hai| asala meM digambara aura zvetAmbaroMmeM mukhya bheda vastra paridhAnakA hai, unake anya AcAroM aura vicAroMmeM yatkiMcit antara hote hue bhI prAyaH aikya hI hai| mUla siddhAntoMmeM, tattva vyavasthAmeM koI antara nahIM haiM, aura isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki donoM mahAvIrake dvArA upadiSTa tattvaparamparAko mAnate haiN| yadi digambara sampradAya AjIvikoMse nikalA hotA yA AjIvika hI Age cala kara digambara jaina sampradAyake rUpameM parivartita ho gaye hote to AjIvika sampradAyake saMsthApaka gozAlakakI vicAradhArAkA kucha aMza to usameM avazya hI parilakSita hotaa| 5-jAdI kulaM ca sippaM tavakammaM Isaratta zrAjIva | tehiM puNa uppAdo zrAjIva doso havadi eso // 31 // -mUlAcA, piNDa0 /

Page #495
jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA aitihAsika abhilekhoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki gozAlaka ke pazcAt bhI usakA AjIvika sampradAya jIvita rahA / zrajIvikoMkA sabase prAcIna ullekha gayAke nikaTa bArabara pahAr3iyoM para nirmita gufA - kI dIvAroM para aGkita hai / usameM likhA hai ki priyadarzI azokane apane rAjyake 13 veM varSa meM yaha guphA AjIvikoM ko pradAna kI / azoka stambhoM para aGkita lekhAmeM bhI AjIvikoMkA nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai / azokake uttarAdhikArI dazarathane bhI nAgArjuna pahAr3I para AjIvikoMke liye gufAe~ nirmita karAI thiiN| isa taraha bArabara pahAr3IkI do guphAoM aura nAgArjuna pahAr3IkI tIna guphAoM meM unheM jIvikoMke liye pradAna kiye jAnekA lekha aGkita hai / isase spaSTa hai ki IsvI pUrva dUsarI zatI taka gozAlakakA AjIvika sampradAya pravartita thA; kyoMki usake lie gufAe~ pradAna kI gaIM thiiN| isake pazcAt isa prakArakA koI ullekha na milane se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki Ivo pUrva dUsarI zatI ke antameM bhAratavarSa se eka sampradAyake rUpameM AjIvikoMkA lopa ho gayA / kintu mujhe isase sandeha hai kyoMki 13 vIM zatI taka ke sAhitya meM AjIvikA nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai / 470 So hArnakA kahanA hai ki zIlAMkane apanI TIkA meM aura halAyudha ne apanI abhidhAnaratna mAlA meM digambaroM aura AjIvi koM ko eka batalAyA hai| tathA prAcIna tamila sAhitya meM jaina ke liye jIvikakA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai isa lie 6ThI IsvI zatAbdI se jabaki barAha mihira ne AjIvaka zabdakA prayoga kiyA, yaha zabda digambara jainoMkA sUcaka thA ( iM0 i0ri0, ji0 1, pR0 066 ) / to hArnakA ukta kathana bhI susaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA / yaha hama pahale likha Aye hai ki zIlAMkane apanI TIkA meM jIvikoM

Page #496
saMgha bheda aura digambaroMko spaSTa rUpase eka nahIM btlaayaa| hAM, halAyudhane' apanI abhi0 ra0 (2-160) meM nagnATa, digambara, capaNaka, zramaNa jaina, jIva, aura ninthako ekArthavAcI avazya batalAyA hai 1 tathA 'rajoharaNadhArI aura zva etavAsako sitAmbara kahA hai / 471 halAyudha ke dvArA prayukta zabdoMko dekha kara hameM aisA lagatA hai ki naMge sAdhuoMke liye prayukta hone vAle zabdoM ko unhoMne ekArthavAcI mAna liyA hai| isase unake dvArA prayukta 'AjIva' zabdako digambaroMke vAcakake rUpameM gambhIratA ke sAtha nahIM liyA jA sakatA / dUsare, halAyudha ke samakAlIna bhaTTotpalane, jo ki varAha mihira kA TIkAkAra hai, kAlikAcAryake eka prAkRta padyake AdhAra para AjIvikoMko eka daNDI batalAyA hai / bhaTTotpala ( I0 850 ke lagabhaga ) ne likhA hai eka daNDI athavA AjIvika nArAyaNa ke bhakta the| zIlAMkane eka daNDiyoMko zivakA bhakta batalAyA hai / ataH halAyudhakA AjIviko aura digambara jainoMko ekArthavAcI batalAnA pramANa koTi meM liye jAneke upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA / tathA varAhamihira ne pravrajyA yoga batalAte hue jina sAta prakArake sAdhuoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai unake nAma bRhajjAtakameM isaprakAra haiMzAkya, AjIvika, bhikSu, vRddha, caraka, nirgrantha aura vanyAzana | ------ 1- 'nagnATo digvAsAH kSapaNaH zramaNazca jIvako jainaH / vo maladhArI nirgranthaH kathyate sadbhiH // 160 // ' 2 - 'rajoharaNadhArI ca zvatavAsAH sitAmbaraH // 186 // ' 3 - 'zAkyAjIvikabhikSuvRddhacarakA nirmanthavanyAzanAH - vR0 jA0 ( 15-1 )

Page #497
472 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA aura laghujAtakameM haiM tApasa'- vRddhazrAvaka, raktapaTa AjIvika bhikSu; caraka aura nimrantha / yahA~ zAkya aura raktapaTa eka haiM tathA vanyAzana aura tApasa eka haiN| isaliye vRhajjAtaka aura laghu. jAtakake nAma nirdezameM koI antara nahIM hai| laghujAtaka (12-12) kI TIkAmeM uddhRta eka zlokameM bhI pratrajyAyogake liye sAta prakArake sAdhuoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai jo isaprakAra hai- vAnaprastha, kApAlI, bauddha, ekadaNDI tridaNDI, yogI aura nagna / yahAM tApasase vAnaprastha, vRddhazrAvakase kApAlika, raktapaTase bauddha, AjIvikase ekadaNDI, bhikSuse tridaNDI, carakase yogI aura nigranthase nagnakA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| aura yahI artha varAhamihirako bhI mAnya thaa| ataH unhoMne nigranthase digambara jainoMkA grahaNa kiyA hai na ki AjIvikoMse, unake vRhatsaMhitA nAmaka granthake avalokanase hI yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| __vR0 saM0 ke pratimA pratiSThApanAdhyAyameM varAhamihirane batalAyA hai ki kauna kisa devatAkA bhakta hai / likhA hai-bhAgavata viSNuke 1-tApasa-vRddha-zrAvaka-raktapaTAjIvi-bhikSu-carakANAM / nirgranthAnAM cArkAt parAjitaiH pracyutirbalibhiH // -lajA0 12-12', 2-'vAnaprastho'tha kApAlI, bauddhaH pAdekadaNDinaH / tridaNDI yogino nagnaH pravrajyArkAditaH kramAt // 3-'viSNo rbhAgavatAn magAMzca savituH zambhoH sabhasmadvijAn mAtRNAmapi maNDalakramavido viprAn vidurbrahmaNaH / zAkyAn sarvahitasya zAntamanaso nagnAn jinAnAM viduH ye yaM devamupAzritAH svavidhinA taistasya kAryAH kriyAH // 16 // -vR0 saM0, 60

Page #498
saMgha bheda 473 maga, sUryake, bhasmAzcita dvija zambhuke, mAtRmaNDalavettA mAtAoMke, zAkya buddhake, aura nagna jinake upAsaka yA pratiSThApaka hote haiN| yahA~ nagna zabda nigranthoMke liye hI AyA hai, AjIvikoMke liye nahIM aayaa| kyoMki yadyapi gozAlakane apaneko jina, kahalAnA cAhA thA isaliye yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AjIvika bhI jina ke upAsaka the, kintu prathama to AjIvikoMke viSayameM yaha kahIM nahIM likhA ki ve jinake upAsaka the| dUsare AjIvikoMke jinoMkI pratimA banAkara pUjanekA koI nirdeza nahIM milatA, na unake mandira aura mUrtiyA~ hI milatI haiN| ___isake sivAya varAhamihirane bR0 saM0 ke pratimAlakSaNAdhyAyameM viSNu, baladeva, zAmba, pradyumna, brahA, skanda, zambhu, buddha aura jinakI pratimAkA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| yahA~ unhoMne jinakA nirdeza 'arhatAM deva' 'AhatoMkA deva' rUpase kiyA hai| likhA hai-arhanta devakI pratimAke donoM bAhU jAnuparyanta hone cAhie~, unake vakSasthala zrIvatsase aMkita honA cAhiye, mUrti prazAnta ho, tathA nagna, taruNa aura rUpavAna honA caahiye| ye saba lakSaNa digambara jaina mUrtiyoMmeM Aja bhI pAye jAte haiN| yahI saccA nimrantha rUpa hai| ataH nigrantha', nagna aura ahat zabdoMkA prayoga varAhamihirane eka hI arthameM kiyA hai / vaha artha hai digambara jaina / usa samaya taka zvetAmbaroMmeM bhI savastra mUrtiyoM kA 1-prAjAnu lambavAhuH zrIvatsAGka prazAntamUrtizca / digvAsAstaruNo rUpavAMzca kAryo'rhatAM devaH // 45 // 2-bhaTTotpalane vRhajjAtaka ( 15-1 ) kI TIkAmeM jahA~ zrAjIvikakA artha ekadaMDI bhikSu kiyA hai, vahA~ nirgranthakA artha nagna kSapaNaka kiyA hai / yathA-'nirgranthaH nagnaH kSapaNakaH prAvaraNarahitaH' /

Page #499
474 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA calana nahIM huA thA- yaha bhI varAhamihirake ukta ullekha se prakaTa hotA hai| prazna hotA hai ki jaina sampradAyake liye prasiddha prAcIna nimrantha zabdake hote hue bhI DA0 hAnalene varAhamihirake dvArA prayukta AjI vaka zabdase hI kyoM digambara jainoMkA grahaNa kiye jAnekI kalpanA kI ? jahA~ taka hama jAna sake haiM isake do kAraNa ho sakate haiM prathama, DA0 hArnale nigranthoMko savastra mAnate haiM isaliye unake abhiprAyAnusAra nimranthoMse digambara jainoMkA grahaNa nahIM ho sktaa| dUsare unakI mAnyatAke anusAra varAhamihirake samayameM AjIvika sampradAya lupta ho gayA thA, phira bhI unhoMne AjIvikoMkA grahaNa kiyA, isase bhI zAyada DA* hAnaleko yaha huA ki usa samaya pAye jAne vAle digambara jaina sAdhuoMke liye ho AjIvika zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prathama kAraNake sambandha meM hama pahale bhI likha cuke haiM ki mahAvIra, jo nigrantha sampradAya ke pradhAna the, nagna rahate the aura apane samayameM pAye jAne vAle pArthApatyoMko punardIkSA dekara hI apane saMghameM sammilita karate the| unakA vastraparityAgakA niyama Dhulamula nahIM thaa| ataH mahAvIrake nigrantha sAdhu avazya hI nagna hone caahiyeN| phira varAhamihirake samayameM to digambara jaina sAdhuke liye hI nigrantha zabdakA vyavahAra hotA thaa| DA0 bulaharane likhA hai ki cInI yAtrI huentsAMgake varNanase jo nimranthoMko li-hI' likhatA hai prakaTa hai ki IsAkI sAtavIM zatIke ArambhameM bho ve apane niyamoMke prati jAgarUka the| huentsAMgane likhA hai-'ki li-hI (nirgrantha) apane zarIrako nagna rakhate 1 The LI-HI ( Nirgranthas ) distinguish them selves by leaving their bodies naked and pull

Page #500
saMgha bheda 475 haiM, kezoMkA loMca karate haiM / unake zarIrakA samasta carma phaTA huA thA, unake paira kaThora aura capaTe haiM jaisAki nadI kinAreke vRkSa hote haiM' / ataH chaThI zatAbdI ke madhyake vidvAn varAhamihirane nigranthoMkA nirdeza avazya hI digambara jainoMke liye kiyA hai / isaliye prathama kAraNase AjIvika zabdakA prayoga digambara jainoMke artha meM prayukta kiyA jAnA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA / isake sivAya IsAkI sAtavIM zatI ke Arambhake vidvAn kavi bANabhaTTa ne apane harSacarita meM jainoMke liye 'Ahata' zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai, jo isa bAtako puSTa karatA hai ki varAhamihira ke samaya se jaina loga athavA mahAvIra ke nigrantha sampradAya ke anuyAyI tathA bhakta Arhata (arhanta devake upAsaka ) kahe jAne lage the kyoMki varAhamihirane arhatAM devaH' ke dvArA jainoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / tathA bANane morapiccha rakhanevAloMko kSapaNaka' aura nagnATaka* kahA hai / morakI pIchI kevala digambara jaina sAdhu hI rakhate haiM, aura ve naMge hI bhramaNa karate haiM / ataH bANake dvArA prayukta ing out their hair. Their skin is all cracked, their feet are hard and chapped, like rotling trees that one sees near rivers. - iM0 se0 jai0, --- -- pR0 2, kA Ti0 naM0 2 | 'jainaiH zrAnaiH pAzupataiH pArAzAribhi:' - 60 ca0 pR0 136 / 3 ' zikSita kSapaNakavRttaya iva mayUrapicchacayAn uccinvantaH ha0 ca0 a pR0 104 / 4 'abhimukha mAjagAma zikhipicchalAcchano nagnATakaH ' - 60 ca0, pR0 327 /

Page #501
476 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA - kSapaNaka aura nagnATaka zabda bhI digambara jaina sAdhuke liye hI AyA hai| varAhamihirane bhI 'nagnAna jinAnAM' padyameM inhIM naMge sAdhuoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| tatkAlIna tathA uttarakAlIna sAhitya meM jaina sAdhuoMko kSapaNaka aura nagnATaka kahe jAneke anya bhI abhilekha milate haiN| varAhamihirase pUrva meM hue digambara jainAcArya samantabhadrane eka padyameM apaneko 'nagnATaka aura 'malamalinatanuH' kahA hai| bANane bhI zikhipicchalAJchana nagnATakako 'upacita vahalamalapaTalamalinitatanuH batalAyA hai, kyoMki digambara jaina muni nagna rahaneke sAtha hI snAna bhI nahIM karate / ataH unake zarIrakA malase malina ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| 'jyotirvidAbharaNa' granthake eka padyameM rAjA vikramAdityakI eka sabhAke navaratnoMke nAma ginAye haiM. jinameM varAhamihira Adike sAtha eka kSapaNakako bhI ginAyA hai kintu usa kSapaNakakA nAma nahIM likhaa| zrI satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNane ( hisTrI Apha iNDi. yana laoNjika pR05) likhA hai ki jisa kSapaNakako hindU loga vikramAdityakI sabhAko bhUSita karane vAle navaratnoMmeM se eka samajhate haiM vaha siddhasena jainAcAyake sivAya dUsarA nahIM ; kyoMki bauddha granthoMmeM bhI jaina sAdhuoMko kSapaNaka' nAmase aMkita kiyA hai| pramANake liye vidyAbhUSaNa mahAzayane avadAna kalpalatAke do padya bhI uddhRta kiye haiN| ata: isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki jaina sAdhuko kSapaNaka bhI kahate the| ukta ullekhoMke AdhArase bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai ki varAhamihirane AjIvikoMkA nirdeza digambara jainoMke liye na karake 1 'dhanvantariH kSapaNako'marasiMha-zaMkubetAla bhaTTaghaTa-kharparakAlidAsAH / khyAto varAhamihiro nRpateH sabhAyAM ratnAni vai vararucirnavavikramasya / '

Page #502
saMgha bheda 477 AjIvikoMke liye hI kiyA hai| AjIvika sampradAyake vartamAna na rahate hue bhI usakI pravrajyAkA yoga batalAnekA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki prAcIna granthoMmeM yoga carcita hogaa| usIko varAhamihirane apane granthameM bhI nibaddha kara diyA, kyoMki unhoMne apane jAtaka' granthoMke prArambhameM yaha bAta svIkAra kI hai ki pUrva zAstroMko dekhakara maiMne apane granthoMko racA hai / varAhamihirake pazcAt bhI 13 vIM zatI takake dUsare sAhityakAroMke dvArA AjIvikoMkA nirdeza usI rUpa meM kiyA huA dekhA jAtA hai| udAharaNake liye digambara jaina granthoMmeM hI hama AjIvika sampradAyakA nirdeza pAte haiM / varAhamihirase eka zatAbdIke pazcAt honevAle digambara jainAcArya akalaMkane apane tattvArthavArtikameM ( 4-20-10) tApaso, parivrAjakoMke sAtha AjIvikoMkA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki parivrAjaka marakara pA~caveM svargameM aura AjIvika mara kara bArahaveM svarga taka janma letA hai usase Upara nigrantha hI jA sakate haiN| dasavIM zatIke jainAcArya nemicandrane apane tri0 sA0 ( gA0 547 ) meM bhI ukta kathana karate hue AjIvikoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| jainAcArya vIranandike AcArasArameM (11-128) ukta kathanako doharAte hue AjAvikoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| isa tarahase AjIvikoMkA AjIvika rUpameM hI IsAkI bArahavIM zatI takake digambara jaina granthoMmeM ullekha milatA hai| ataH AjIvikoM aura digambara jainoMke aikyakI kalpanA bhramajanya hai| isa tarahakA bhrama nayA nahIM hai| DA0 varuAne apane ukta lekhameM likhA hai ki kauTilyArthazAstrameM bauddhoMko AjIvika batalAyA hai, tathA divyAva1 'horAzAstraM vRttairmayA nibaddha nirIkSya zAstrANi / / yattasyApyAbhiH sAramahaM saMpravakSyAmi // 2 // la* jA0 /

Page #503
478 6.0 sA0 i0 pUrvapIThikA dAnameM jainoMko AjIvika batalAyA hai| isa bhramakA vizleSaNa karate hue DA0 varuAne likhA hai ki puNDravardhanameM jaina aura AjIvika donoM sampradAya sAtha sAtha rahate the aura donoMke vicAroMmeM tathA bAhya rUpameM itanA kama antara thA ki eka bauddha darzakake liye donoMmeM bheda kara sakanA kaThina thaa| (ja0 Di0 le0, ji0 2, pR075)| hama DA0 varuAke ukta vizleSaNase sahamata hote hue bhI vaha mAnanemeM asamartha haiM ki jainoM aura AjIvikoMke vicAroMmeM bhI bahuta kama antara thA aura isakA spaSTIkaraNa gata vivecanase ho jAtA hai| hA~. bAhya rUpameM vizeSa antara na thA aura isase kisI darzakako donoMke aikyakA bhrama honA svAbhAvika thaa| kintu donoM sampradAyoMke bIcameM sAmpradAyika khiMcAva avazya thA, bhagavatI aura sUtrakRtAMgakA gozAlaka sambandhI vivaraNa isakA sUcaka hai hI, uttarakAlIna digambara jaina granthoMke AjIvika sambandhI ullekha bhI usake poSaka haiN| ataH AjIvikoM aura digambara jainoMke aikyakI kalpanAmeM koI sAra pratIta nahIM hotA / nAgnya Adiko lekara bhrama vaza hI kinhIM lekhakoMne donoMko eka mAna liyA hai| jaina AdhAroMse to jainoM aura AjIvikoMmeM pArasparika virodhakA hI AbhAsa milatA hai tathA usakA samarthana zilAlekhoMse bhI hotA hai| jisakI vistRta carcA DA0 banarjI zAstrIne apane AjIvika zIrSaka lekhameM (ja0 vi0 u0 ri0 so0, ji0 12, pR0 53 ) kI hai| usakA sArAMza yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| gayAke nikaTa jo bArabara pahAr3iyA~ haiM, IsAkI chaThI-sAtavIM zatImeM maukhari avantivarmAke samayameM pravara pahAr3iyA~ kahI jAtI

Page #504
476 .. saMgha bheda thiiN| madhyakAlameM unakA nAma gorathagiri bhI thA, yaha bAta zrI jaiksanake dvArA khoja nikAle gaye do lekhoMse pramANita huI hai| kaliMga cakravartI khAravelake hAthI guphAvAle zilAlekhakA punaH adhyayana karanese yaha nAma prakAzamaM AyA hai| usa zilAlekhameM likhA hai ki apane rAjyake AThaveM varSameM khAravelane eka bar3I senAke dvArA gorathagiri para AkramaNa kiyaa| sAta guphAoM meMse bArabara pahAr3IkI do aura nAgArjuna pahAr3IkI tIna guphAe~ azoka tathA usake uttarAdhikArI dazarathake dvArA AjIvikoMke liye pradAna kI gaI thiiN| yaha bAta guphAoMmeM aMkita zilAlekhameM nibaddha hai| kintu tIna zilAlekhoMmeMse 'AjIvika' zabdako chenIse kATakara miTA diyA gayA hai, jabaki anya kisI zabdako chuA nahIM gayA hai| yaha kisane kiyA-bauddhoMne jainoMne yA braahmnnoNne| ___Hultzsch kA mata hai ki maukhari avantivarmAne yaha kArya kiyaa| kintu banarjIkA kahanA hai ki yaha mata ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki prathama to 6-7 vIM zatIkA avantivarmA IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatIkI azoka brAhmI lipise paricita thA, isake liye koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| dUsare, usa samaya AjIvika viSNu aura kRSNake bhakta mAne jAte the| ataH hindU AjIvikoMse kyoM ghRNA kareMge? yadi unheM aisA karanA hI thA to azokakA nAma 'devAnAMpriya' bhI miTAnA cAhiye thaa| ataH hinduoMkA yaha kArya nahIM hai| bauddha loga apane hI eka dharmapremI rAjAkI kRtiko bigAr3anekI ceSTA kareM aisI AzA nahIM karanI caahiye| zeSa rahate haiM jaina / jainoM aura AjIvikoMkA pArasparika vidveSa isa nizcayakI ora le jAtA hai ki yaha kAma jainoMkA hai| nirNaya karaneke liye kevala eka hI bAta rahatI hai ki yaha kArya kisI bhaTakate hue jainakA hai athavA kisI aitihAsika vyaktikA

Page #505
480 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pAThikA hai ? isakA uttara hameM hAthI guphAke zilAlekhase milatA hai| jina bhagavAnakA anuyAyI khAravela azoka-dazarathake kAlake pazcAt hI apane rAjyake AThaveM varSameM gorathagiri para gayA thaa| aura eka dhArmika jainake rUpameM usane gozAlakake anuyAyI AjIvikoMkA nAma vahA~se miTAnekA prayatna kiyA thaa| ___ DA. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne ukta ghaTanAke sambandhameM zAstrIke ukta matakA samarthana karate hue likhA hai-'DA banarjI zAstrIne eka adhika nirNayAtmaka kalpanA sAmane rakhI hai| unhoMne ukta kRtya jaina rAjA khAravelakA batalAyA hai kyoMki usake sampradAyakA AjIvikoMke sAtha paramparAgata virodha thaa| aura isa taraha ukta ghaTanA maMkharike samayase, jaba ki azokakAlIna brAhmI lipi prAyaH bhulA dI gaI thI, bahuta pahale ghaTita pramANita hotI hai|' (azoka, pR0 206) purAtattvake kSetrameM ghaTita ukta ghaTanAse bhI AjIvikoMke prati jainoMke virodhI dRSTikoNakA hI samarthana hotA hai| ataH AjIvikoM aura digambara jainoMke aikyakI kalpanA yA AjIvika sampradAyase digambara jainoMkI utpattikI kalpanAmeM koI tathya pratIta nahIM hotaa| ataH mahAvIrakI nagnatA viSayaka mAnyatAmeM gozAlakakA prabhAva parilakSita nahIM hotaa| nagnatA prAcIna paramparAse sambaddha hai prakRta viSaya 'nagnatA' para yadi itihAsa aura purAtattvakI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAye to bhI nirvastratAkA hI samarthana hotA hai| Aja hindU devI devatAoMkI nagna mUrtiyA~ nahIM banAI jAtI aura naMge devatAoMko ghRNAkI dRSTise dekhA jAtA hai, yadyapi ziva

Page #506
saMgha bheda 481 pracalita hai / kintu eka samaya hinduoM meM bhI nagna' liMgakI pUjA mUrtiyoM kA ekadama abhAva nahIM thA / DA0 DI0Ara0 bhaNDArakara ke Some aspects of ancient Indian culture' se patA calatA hai ki baMgAla, bihAra aura ur3IsA meM zivako nagna hI aMkita karanekI paripATI rahI hai. cAhe zivakA rUpa naTarAjakA ho, yA pArvatI pariNayakA ho yA ardhanArIzvarakA ho / baMgAla ke pahAr3apura meM jo zivakI pratimA hai, aura ur3IsA caudura ( Chaudwar ) meM jo umAmahezvarakI pratimA hai unameM urdhvaliMga aMkita hai / dakSiNa meM tathA bhAratake anya bhAgoM meM pAI gaI lakulIza kI mUrtiyA~ bhI isI rUpa meM milatI haiN| isI taraha bAlakRSNakI bhI nagna mUrtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| isa taraha kI eka pItala kI mUrti bambaI ke saMgrahAlaya meM hai, eka madrAsa ke saMgrahAlaya meM hai / belUra ke eka mandira meM rati kAmakI nagna mUrti pAI. jAtI hai / yakSiyoMkI bhI nagna mUrtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| prazna hotA hai ki nagna mUrtiyoMkI paramparAkA udbhava kabase hai aura kyoM isa paramparAkA lopa hinduoMmeM hogayA / yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA anucita na hogA ki 'ziva' drAvaNa athavA anArya devatA thA / use Ayane pIche se apane devatAoM meM sammilita kara liyA / isa viSaya meM hama pahale likha Aye haiM / apanI ukta pustaka meM DA0 bhaNDArakarane kRSNako bhI anArya pramANita kiyA hai usake vistAra meM hama jAnA nahIM cAhate / sindhu ghATI sabhyatA dravir3a sabhyatA thI / mohejodar3o aura har3appA se prApta sIloM aura pASANoM para aMkita mUrtiyA~ prAyaH nagna haiM / vahA~se prApta 1 - bhAM0 iM0 patrikA, ji0 23, pR0 214 Adi / 31

Page #507
4-2 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA jina mUrtiyoMko yogI kI athavA zivakI kahA jAtA hai ve saba nagna haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki dravir3a sabhyatA meM nagna mUrtiyoM kA pracalana thA / aura nagna mUrtiyoM kI paramparA dravir3a sabhyatAkI dena hai / kintu yaha ullekhanIya hai ki sindhughATIse jitanI nagna mUrtiyA~ prApta huI hai utanI nagna mUrtiyA~ sindhughATI sabhyatAke pazcAt se lekara aba taka ke kAla meM bhI prApta nahIM huiiN| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki AryoM ke zragamanake pazcAtse nagna mUrtiyoM meM kamI AnI zuru ho gaI / sambhavataH AryoMne dravir3a devatAoM ko apane devatAoM meM sammilita karane ke sAtha hI unheM apane DhaMga se vastra veSThita bhI karanA zuru kara diyA / devamUrtiyoM kI taraha dravir3a yati bhI nagna hI rahate the| saMnyAsa Azramako svIkAra karaleneke pazcAt AryoMne unameM bhI vastrakA praveza karA diyA / kintu nagna muniyoMkI, jinheM paramahaMsa kahA gayA hai, mAnyatA meM kamI nahIM AI / buddha ke samakAlIna hai virodhI zAstrAoM meM se mahAvIra, gozAlaka aura pUraNakAzyapa nagna rahate the, yaha siddha hai / buddhane bhI acelaka tapasvIkA mArga aMgIkAra kiyA thA / pIche use chor3a diyA / prArambha meM buddhane bhI apane bhikSuoM ko vastra ke viSaya meM itanI sahUliyate nahIM dI thii| aTThakathAmeM likhA hai ki bhagavAna ke buddhatva prApti bIsa varSa taka kisI bhikSune gRhapati cIvara (gRhastha ke dvArA diyA gayA vastra ) dhAraNa nahIM kiyaa| saba pAMsukUlika' hI rahe ( vinaya pi0, pR0 273 ) / jIvaka kaumArabhRtyakI prAthanA para hI unhone gRhapati cIvara tathA kambalakI anujJA dI thii| isa anujJA ke pazcAt se hI bhikSu saMgha meM cIvaroM kI bAr3ha A gaI aura cIvaroMke 1 - mArgameM pheMke gaye cithar3oMko dhAraNa karanevAle /

Page #508
saMgha bheda saMgraha, bhaNDAra, baMTavArA, raMgAI, dhulAI Adike liye vyavasthApaka niyukta karane par3e / bauddha bhikSuoMkI isa prakArakI pravRttiyoM kA bhI prabhAva magadhavAsI sukhazIla jaina sAdhuoM para avazya pdd'aa| jaina mUrtikalA se bhI nagnatAkA hI samarthana hotA hai| eka bhI prAcIna jaina mUrti aisI nahIM milI hai jo savatra ho athavA jisake guhya pradeza meM vastrakA cinha aMkita ho / mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlese prApta sabhI mUrtiyA~ nagna haiM / suprasiddha itihAsajJa zrI vIseNTa smithane 'dI jaina stUpa eNDa adara enTIkuTIsa Apha mathurA' nAmaka pustaka prakAzita kI thI / usameM bahuta sI jina pratimAoM ke citra bhI diye haiM, jinameM kucha pratimAe~ baiThI huI haiM aura kucha khar3I huI haiN| baiThI huI mUrtiyoM para batrakA koI cinha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / parantu khar3I mUrtiyA~ spaSTa rUpa se nagna haiM, aura unapara aMkita lekhoM meM jo gaNa gaccha Adi diye hue haiM ve zva etAmbara grantha kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra diye hue haiN| unase bhI pUrvakI maurya - kAlIna jo jaina mUrti paTanA ke saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai, vaha bhI nagna hai / yaha mUrti har3appAse prApta eka mUrtikI hUbahU pratikRti hai / har3appAse prApta mUrti akRtrima yathAjAta nagna mudrA vAle eka sudRr3ha yuvA kI mUrti hai| bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAgake saMyukta nirdezaka zrI TI0 ena0 rAmacandrankA isake viSaya meM kahanA hai ki 'har3appAkI mUrti kAke uparokta guNa viziSTa mudrA meM honeke kAraNa yadi hama use jaina tIrthaGkara athavA khyAtiprApta tapoyukta jaina santa kI pratimA kaheM to isameM kucha bhI asatya na hogA' / 483 ata: jaina mUrtikalA kI dRSTise bhI jaina paramparA meM nagnatAkA hI pracalana prakaTa hotA hai| yadi jaina dharma vaidika dharmase prAcIna 1 -- anekAnta, varSa 14, ki0 6, pR0 158 |

Page #509
484 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva poThikA sindhughATI sabhyatAse sambaddha hai to vaha avazya hI nagnatAkA upAsaka honA caahiye| saMgha bhedakA kAla saMgha bhedake kAraNa vastrako samasyA para vistArase prakAza DAlane ke pazcAt hama punaH saMgha bhedake kAlakI ora Ate haiN| zrImatI sTivensanane (hA. jai0, pR0 76) likhA hai- 'saMbhAvanA yaha hai ki jaina samAjameM sadAse do pakSa rahe haiM- eka vRddhoM aura kamajoroMkA, jo pArzvanAthake samayase vastra dhAraNa karate Ate haiM aura jise sthavirakalpa kahate haiM / yaha sthavirakalpI pakSa zvetAmbara sampradAyakA pUrvaja hai aura dUsarA pakSa jinakalpa hai, jo niyamoMkA akSarazaH pAlana karatA thA, jaisAki mahAvIrane kiyA thA, yaha pakSa digambaroMkA agraja hai|' ___ zrImatIjIkI isa saMbhAvanAmeM hameM bhI satyAMza pratIta hotA hai kyoMki utsarga apavAda sApekSya hotA hai| ata: utsarga mArgameM vRddha aura kamajoroMke liye kucha apavAdoMkI chUTa honA saMbhava hai| kintu jaisA utsarga apavAda sApekSya hotA hai vaise hI apavAda bhI utsarga sApekSya hotA hai| parantu yadi apavAdako hI utsarga mAna liyA jAye aura utsargakI sarvathA upekSA kara dI jAye to utsarga aura apavAda mAgiyoMmeM alagAva hojAnA hI adhika saMbhava hai| aura yahI saMbhAvanA jainasaMghake bhedake mUlameM jAna par3atI hai| ___ zvetAmbara sAhityake AdhArase yaha batalA Aye haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM jo pArzvanAthakI paramparAke sAdhu the ve prAyaH zithilAcArI ho gaye the aura unameMse anekoMne mahAvIrake sanmukha caturyAma dharmase paJca mahAvrata rUpa dharmako aMgIkAra kiyA

Page #510
saMgha bheda thA, jinameM pArzvanAthakI paramparAke kezI prAcArya bhI the| kintu kucha pArthApatyIya aise avazya the, jo mahAvIrake saMghameM sammilita nahIM hue the| phira bhI unhoMne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharmameM koI antara pAr3akara aisA sampradAya bheda nahIM utpanna kiyA jo kevala pArzvanAthako yA kevala mahAvIrako hI apanA dharmaguru mAnatA ho, aura dUsare tIrthaGkarako apanA dharmaguru na mAnatA ho| isakA kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra jaise samartha dharmaguru kA vyaktitva thA, jinhoMne yuvAvasthAse hI kaThora saMyamI jIvana vitAkara 'nigrantha' nAmako sArthaka banAyA thA aura sukhazIla nimranthoMko bhI saccA nirgrantha bananekI bhAvanAko jAgRta kiyA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrake hI anupama Ardaza tathA prabhAvake kAraNa unake nirvANake pazcAt bhI kisI tarahakA mata bheda utpanna nahIM ho sakA aura gautama gaNadhara, sudharmA svAmI tathA jambU svAmI taka bhagavAna mahAvIrakA jainasaMgha akhaNDa rUpase pravartita huA / jambU svAmIke pazcAt kisI prakArake alagAvakA bhAva utpanna huA ho to asaM. bhava nahIM hai; kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIrake ina tInoM uttarAdhikAriyoM ko donoM sampradAya apanA dharmaguru mAnate haiN| yadyapi itanA antara avazya pratIta hotA hai ki digambara paramparA gautama gaNadharako hI vizeSa mahattva detI hai, jaba ki zvetAmbara paramparA sudharmAko vizeSa mahattva detI hai / sudharmAke ziSya jambU svAmI the| jambU svAmIke 'pazcAt koI anubaddha kevalajJAnI nahIM huaa| aura isa taraha kevala jJAniyoMkI paramparAkA anta hogyaa| jambU svAmIke pazcAtse hI digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA kI gurvAvalimeM antara par3atA hai aura unameM eka zrutake lI bhadrabAhu hI aise vyAkta haiM, jinheM donoM mAnya karate haiN| isaparase aisA

Page #511
486 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA saMzaya honA svAbhAvika hai ki kyA jambU svAmIke pazcAt hI koI aisA vivAda khar3A huA thA, jisake kAraNase donoM paramparAke zrAcAryoMkI nAmAvalImeM antara par3a gayA? digambara sAhitya tathA paTTAvaliyoMke anusAra jambU svAmIke pazcAt kramazaH viSNu,nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ye pAMca zrutakevalI hue aura zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra prabhava, zayyaMbhava, yazobhadra saMbhUti vijaya aura bhadrabAhu ye pAMca caturdazapUrvI hue| saMbhUti vijaya aura bhadrabAhu ye donoM yazobhadrake ziSya the / inameMse sabhUtivijayake ziSya sthUla bhadra hue aura unase zvetAmbaroMkI gurvAvali clo| ____ yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki zvetAmbara sAhityameM jambU svAmIke pazcAt jina dasa bAtoMkA viccheda batalAyA gayA hai unameM eka jinakalpa bhI hai| vizeSAvazyakameM usa ullekhako bhASyakAra jinabhadrane jinavacana batalAyA hai| vi0 bhA0 meM yaha carcA zivabhUtikI kathAke prakaraNameM AI hai| jaba zivabhUti jinavara dvArA nirdiSTa honese jina kalpa dhAraNa karaneke liye udyata hI ho gayA aura kisI bhI taraha nahIM mAnA 1-'uttama dhiisaMghayaNA punna vido'tisaiNo sayA kAlaM / z2iNakappiyA vi kappaM kayaparikammA pavajjaMti // 2561 // taM jaha jiyavayaNAzro pavajasi; pavaja to sa chinnotti / asthiti kahaM pamANaM kaha bucchinnoti na pamANaM // 2562 // maNaparamohi pulAe AhAraga khavaga-uvasame kappe / saMjamatiya-kevali sijhaNAya jaMbummi bucchiNA // 2563 // -vi0 bhaa0|

Page #512
saMgha bheda 487 taba usase kahA gayA ki yadi jinavarakA vacana honese tuma jinakalpako aMgIkAra karate ho to yaha bhI aMgIkAra karo ki jambU svAmIke pazcAt jinakalpakA viccheda ho gayA kyoMki jinavarane aisA kahA hai ? ___zvetAmbarIya Agamoke vidvAna paM0 becaradAsa jIne jinakalpake vicchedakI ukta ghoSaNAke viSayameM likhA thA-yaha bAta maiM vicAraka pAThakoMse pUchatA hU~ ki jambU svAmIke bAda kauna sA 25vAM tIrthaGkara huA ki jisakA vacana rUpa yaha ullekha mAnA jAye ? isa ullekhakA eka hI uddezya ho sakatA hai-jambU svAmI ke bAda jinakalpakA lopa batalAkara jinakalpake AcaraNako banda karAnA aura jo usa ora pravartita hoM, unheM usa prakArakA AcaraNa karanese roknaa| paM0 vecaradAsa jIke matAnusAra isImeM zvetAmbaratva aura digambaratvake viSavRkSakI jar3a samAI huI hai, tathA isake vIjAropaNakA samaya bhI vahI hai jo jambU svAmIke nirvANakA samaya hai ( jai0 sA0 vi0, pR0 102-105 ) / jinakalpakA vicchedavAlA ullekha kabakA hai aura kisane ise racA hai isakA nirNaya karanA to zakya nahIM hai phira bhI ise devarddhigaNike samayakA. mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki isa prakArakA Azaya pahalese calA AtA ho aura isIse sUtra granthoMmeM bhI ise devaNi gaNine samAviSTa kara diyA ho. aisA / paM0 vecaradAsa jIkA kathana hai| jo kucha ho, para ukta bAtoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki jambU svAmIke bAdase hI sukhazIla zithilAcArI pakSane aMgar3AI lenA zurU kara diyA thA aura bhadrabAhuke samayameM bAraha varSake bhayaMkara durbhikSake thaper3oMne tathA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukI dakSiNa yAtrAne use uThakara baiThanekA avasara diyaa| tathA bauddha sAdhuoMke

Page #513
488 magadha meM bar3hate hue prabhAvane' aura unake AcAra vicAra ne use khar3A kara diyA / aura isa taraha bhadrabAhake kAla meM hI saMghabhedakA bIja boyA gayA / jai0 0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bhadrabAhuke samaya meM jainasaMghameM vivAda honekI carcA zvetAmbara paramparAmeM bhI milatI hai| aura jainasaMghakA vaha vivAda zrutakevali bhadrabAhu ke kAraNa unhIM se huA thA / pari0 pa0, sarga 6 zloka 55-76 meM likhA hai ki- 'bhayaMkara dubhikSa par3ane para sAdhu saMgha nirvAha ke liye samudrake taTakI ora calA gayA / isa kAla meM abhyAsavaza sAdhuoM ke hRdayameM sthita zruta vismRta ho gayA / duSkAlA anta hone para pATalIputrameM saMgha sammilita huA aura jisako jisa aMgakA jo adhyayana yA uddeza smata thA vaha saMkalita kiyA gayA / isa tarahase zrI saMghane gyAraha aMgoMkA saMkalana kiyA aura dRSTivAda ke liye vicAra karane lagA / use jJAta huA 1 'mahAvIra nirvANa ke bAda jambU svAmI taka ke samaya meM buddhadeva ke madhyama mArgane kAphI lokapriyatA prApta kara lI thI aura samrATa azoka ke samaya meM to vaha prAyaH sarvavyApI ho cukA thA / usa samaya cAroM ora bauddha sthApita kiye gaye / bauddha zramaNa laMkA zrAdi dezoM meM pracArArtha gaye / isa madhyamamArgakI pravRtti jitanI lokopayogI thI, utanI ho bhikSutroMke liye sarala aura sukhada thI / zrI vardhamAna svAmIke kaThina ' tyAgamArgase khinna hue jaina sAdhutroM para bauddhoMke isa sarala aura lokopayogI madhyamamArgakA asara honA sahaja bAta hai / jambU svAmIke pazcAt jinakalpa vicchinna honeke kathanakA abhiprAya yaha ho sakatA hai ki pUrvake kaThora mArga meM naramAI zrAI aura dhIre dhIre vanavAsIse caityavAsI bana gaye | dekho - jai0 sA0 vi0, pR0 182-186 | jai0 sA0 i0 ( gu0 ) pR0 64 /

Page #514
saMgha bheda 486 ki caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu nepAladezake mArgameM virAjamAna haiN| saMghane unheM livA lAneke liye do muniyoMko bhejaa| muniyoMne jAkara nivedana kiyA ki saMghane Apako pATalIputra AnekA Adeza diyA hai / bhadrabAhune kahA-maiMne mahAprANa nAmaka dhyAnako prArambha kiyA hai. vaha bAraha varSoM meM samApta hogaa| usake pazcAt hI maiM AU~gA / muniyoMne jAkara saMghase saba vRttAMta khaa| taba saMghane dUsare do muniyoMko bulAkara Adeza diyA tuma jAkara AcArya bhadrabAhuse kahanA ki jo zrI saMghakA zAsana nahIM mAnatA use kyA daNDa denA caahiye| jaba ve kaheM ki use saMghase bahiSkRta kara denA cAhiye to AcAryase jora dekara kahanA ki tuma isI daNDake yogya ho' / muniyoMne jAkara bhadrabAhuse ukta bAta kahI aura unhoMne vahI uttara diyaa| pIche bhadrabAhune kucha muniyoM ko apane pAsa bhejane para unheM vAcanA denA svIkAra kiyA / saMghane pA~ca sau sAdhuoMko unake pAsa bhejA, jinameMse kevala eka sthUlabhadra hI vahA~ ruke, zeSa saba udvigna hokara cale Aye / mahA. prANa dhyAna pUrA hone taka sthUlabhadrane kucha kama dasa pUrvokA adhyayana samApta kiyaa| isake pazcAt bhadrabAhu pATalIputra lauTa aaye| sthUlabhadrase kucha galtI ho gaI jisake kAraNa phira unhoMne zeSa pUrvokA jJAna sthUlabhadrako nahIM diyA aura pUrvajJAna kisI anyako denese bhI manA kara diyA / ' titthogAlI painnaya ( gA0730-733) meM likhA hai ki bhadrabAhuke uttarase nArAja hokara sthaviroMne kahA-saMghakI prArthanA kA anAdara karanese tumheM kyA daNDa milegA, isakA vicAra kro| bhadrabAhune uttara diyA-maiM jAnatA hU~ ki saMgha isa prakArake vacana bolanevAlekA bahiSkAra kara sakatA hai| taba sthavira bole-tuma

Page #515
490 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva-pIThikA saMghakI prArthanAkA anAdara karate ho isaliye zramaNa saMgha tumhAre sAtha bArahoM prakArakA vyavahAra banda karatA hai" / ukta ullekhoMse jahA~ eka ora saMghake sAtha bhadrabAhukI khIMcatAna hone para prakAza par3atA hai vahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pATalIputrakI vAcanAmeM bhadrabAhu upasthita nahIM the / isaparase DA0 kovI ne likhA thA ki pATalIputra nagara meM jainasaMghane jo aMga saMkalita kiye the ve kevala zvetAmbara sampradAya ke hI the, samasta jaina saMgha nahIM the, kyoMki usa jaina saMgha meM bhadrabAhu sammilita nahIM the ( se0 bu0 I0, ji0 22, kI prastA0 pR0 43 ) / hamArA vicAra hai ki bhadrabAhukI anupasthiti meM kI gaI prathama vAcanAne saMghabhedakI nIMvameM ror3A DAlanekA kAma kiyA aura bhImeM kiye gaye aMgoke lekhana kAryane saMghabhedakI dIvArako sthAyI kara diyaa| saMbhavatayA isIse digambara kathA meM zvetAmbara sampradAya ko utpatti valbhI nagarImeM huI batalAI hai| ataH vivAdako bar3hAne meM aMgasaMkalanakA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna honA saMbhava hai, kyoMki jaba taka kisI naI pravRttike pIche zAstrabala nahIM rahatA, taba taka usa navIna pravRttiko eka to bala nahIM milatA, dUsare para pakSa bhI use paramparA viruddha mAnakara udhara se 'kinArAkazI' karake baiTha jAtA hai / kintu jaba usa navIna pravRttiko zAstroMke dvArA bhI poSA jAtA hai to vivAdakA ugrarUpa dhAraNa kara lenA svAbhAvika hai / aura aise zAstroM ke mUrtarUpa dhAraNa kara lene para to vivAdakA sthAyI na honA hI Azcarya kAraka hai / ataH digambara kathAoM meM jo bhadrabAhuke samaya meM saMghabhedakI utpatti aura valmI meM zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti batalAI hai, usake mUla meM anya bAtoMke sAtha aMgoM kI saMkalanA bhI avazya

Page #516
saMgha bheda 461 pratIta hotI hai| yadyapi digambara sAhityameM pATalIputra yA valabhImeM hone vAlI kisI bhI pariSadkA saMketa taka bhI nahIM hai , tathApi valbhImeM zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti batalAnese yaha spaSTa hai ki valabhImeM huI vAcanAmeM jo saMkalita Agama granthoMko pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA usase zvetAmbara-digambara bheda sthAyI hogyaa| valabhI vAcanAkA samaya vIra nirvANa saM0 680 aura vAcanAntarase 663. hai jo vi0 saM0510 aura 523 hotA hai kintu donoM sampradAyoMmeM digambara zvetAmbara bhedakA kAla' vi0. saM0 136-13. batalAyA hai| aura ukta valabhI vAcanA usase lagabhaga paune cAra sau varSa bAda huii| tathA zvetAmbara kathAkA koI bhI aitihAsika AdhAra na honese tadanusAra vikramakI dvitIya zatAbdImeM digambaroMkI utpatti honeke bhI kinhIM cinhoMkA patA laganA zakya nahIM hai| ___ mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlese prApta jaina avazeSa kaniSka, aura huviSka aura vAsudevake samayake haiM jinakA samaya IsAko prathama tathA dvitIya zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / vahA~se prApta zilAlekhoMke sambandhameM DA0 bulaharane likhA hai ki-'zilAlekhoMmeM jo AcAryoM aura unake gaNa-gacchoMkA ullekha milA hai vaha jainoMke itihAsake liye kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| zilAlekhoMkA kalpasUtrake sAtha mela khAjAnA eka to yaha pramANita karatA hai ki mathurAke jaina 1-'vAyaNaMtare puNa ayaM teNa ue saMvacchare kAle gacchai ii dIsaI: klpsuutr| 2-chattIse varisa sae vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / soraTe valahIe uppaNNo sevaDo saMgho // 11 // -darzanasAra

Page #517
462 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA zvetAmbara sampradAya ke the aura dUsare jisa saMghabhedane jaina sampradAya ko paraspara virodhI do sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA vaha IsvI sanke prArambha honese bahuta pahale ho cukA thA / ' (iM0 se0 jai0, pR0 44 ) isakA matalaba to yahI hotA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke samaya meM hI saMghabheda huA, jaisAki digambara kathAoM meM batalAyA gayA hai / kyoMki IsvI sanke prArambhase bahuta pahale to vahI samaya aisA AtA hai / aisI sthitimeM devasenane apane darzanasAra meM jo vi0 saM0 136 meM valabhI nagarImeM zvetAmbara saMghakI utpatti honekA nirdeza kiyA hai usakA kyA AdhAra hai, hama nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki usa samaya meM valabhImeM koI aisI ghaTanA hone kA saMketa taka bhI nahIM milatA / valabhI vAcanAse lagabhaga DeDhasau varSa pUrva vi0 saM0 357-370 ke madhyameM to mathurAmeM vAcanA honekA nirdeza zvetAmbara sAhitya meM pAyA jAtA hai / mathurAke pazcAt hI zvetAmbara sampradAyakA jora saurASTrameM huA thA / jaisAki hamane pahale bhI likhA hai 'vRhatkathAkoza aura darzanasAra kI racanAke samaya valabhIke sammelanako hue kevala cAra pAMca zatAkiyA~ hI bItI thIM, tathA usImeM antima rUpase nirNIta hokara zvetAmbarIya jaina Agama pustaka rUpa dhAraNa karake sarvatra prasArita hue the / zAyada isIse valabhImeM zvetAmbara saMghake utpatti honekA nirdeza digambara kathAoMmeM kiyA hai| kintu vi0 saM0 136 yA 13 meM jo saMghabhedakA ullekha milatA hai, usake liye aura bhI anveSaNakI AvazyakatA hai / 5 saMghabhedakA prabhAva aura vikAsa digambara aura zvetAmbara ke rUpameM prakaTa hue saMghabhedakA prabhAva yadi kisI para vizeSa rUpase par3A athavA saMghabhedake kAraNa yadi

Page #518
sagha bheda 463 kisIkI gambhIra kSati pahu~cI to vaha prAcIna jaina sAhitya hai, jise jaina paramparAmeM aGga yA Agama kahate haiN| donoM sampradAyoMke sAhityameM aGgoMke vistArakA jo mahat parimANa diyA hai, use par3hakara sakheda Azcarya hotA hai| yadi usakA zatAMza bhAga bhI zeSa rahatA to Aja jaina mAhitya sarvopari hotA aura usake dvArA na jAne kitane aitihya aura tathya prakAzameM Ate / usake sAtha hI jaina paramparAkA bahuta sA itihAsa, yahA~ taka ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA bahuta sA jIvana vRttAnta bhI lupta ho gayA aura usameM bhI sampradAya gata matabheda utpanna ho gaye / / ataH akhaNDa jaina paramparAke antima guru aura bhagavAna mahAvIrake dvArA upadiSTa sampUrNa dvAdazAMgake antima uttarAdhikArI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke avasAnake sAtha hI sAtha eka tarahase jaina zruta paramparAkA hI avasAna ho gyaa| aura digambara paramparAkA to ekamAtra dhanI-dharoharI hI jAtA rhaa| isIse unake prabhAvameM pATalIputrameM jo prathama AgamavAcanA huI kahI jAtI hai, use sampUrNa jaina paramparAkA samarthana prApta nahIM ho skaa| aura bhadrabAhuke pazcAt digambara tathA zvetAmbara paramparAkI gurvAvaliyA~ sarvathA bhinna ho gii| aura isa taraha donoMkA sAhitya bhI judA judA ho gyaa| kisI bhI dharmake mUla AdhAra tIna hote haiM-deva, zAstra aura guru / ina tInoMke bhedase sampradAyagata athavA dharmagata bhedakI niSpatti hotI hai| arthAt jisa dharma yA sampradAyake ye tInoM AdhAra bhinna hote haiM vaha eka pRthaka dharma athavA sampradAya hotA hai| jaina paramparAmeM prArambhika matabheda vastrako lekara utpanna huaa| nagna guruoMkA upAsaka sampradAya digambara kahalAyA aura savastra guruoMkA upAsaka sampradAya zvetAMbara khlaayaa| ataH donoM

Page #519
464 10 sA0 i0 pUrva-pIThikA sampradAyoMke guru bhinna bhinna ho gye| digambara sampradAyane savastra guruoMko mAnya nahIM kiyA to zvetAmbara sampradAyane nagna guruoM ko mAnanA chor3a diyaa| digambara AcAryoMne yaha ghoSaNA kI ki savastra sAdhuko mukti lAbha nahIM ho sakatA to zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kahA ki vastra dhAraNa kiye binA koI mukti nahIM prApta kara sktaa| isa taraha donoM ke guru bhinna bhinna ho gye| zAstrabheda to zvetAmbarIya vAcanAoMke ekapakSIya honese hI spaSTa hai| kintu gurubheda pUrvaka hI zAstra bheda huA pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki jaba guru bhinna ho gaye to jisa guruko nahIM mAnate usake vacanoMko mAnya kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| . kintu guru aura zAstrabheda hone para bhI donoM bahuta samaya taka eka hA prakArakI mUrti kI upAsanA karate rhe| aura isa taraha donoMke ArAdhya caubIsa tIrthaGkaroMkI mUrtiyAM abhinna rhiiN| kintu vastravAdake bar3hate hue poSaNane antameM mUrtiyoMko bhI apanA zikAra banAkara hI chodd'aa| aura isa taraha guru aura zAstrake sAtha devamUrtiyAM bhI bhinna ho giiN| isa prakAra saMghabhedakI tInoM sIr3hiyA~ kramazaH sthApita huiiN| bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIke pazcAtse guru bheda sthAyI rUpase sthApita ho gyaa| ekapakSIya AgamavAcanAse prArambha huA zAstrabheda valabhImeM AgamoMkI saMkalanA aura pustakArUr3hatAke sAtha sthAyI ho 1-'Na vi sijhaI vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jaivi hoi titthayaro / Naggo vimokkhamaggo sesA ummaggayA savve ||23||-suutr prA0 / 2-jai0 sA0 vi0, pR. 56 /

Page #520
saMgha bheda 465 gayA / tathA devamUrtiyoMmeM pahale vastrakA aura phira a~ga racanAkA samAveza karake devako bhI pRthaka kara diyA gayA aura isa taraha saMghabhedakA cirasthAyI kara diyA gyaa| phira bhI yaha santoSakI bAta hai ki bauddha dharmake antargata sautrAntika, vaibhASika, yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika bhedoMkI taraha jaina dharmake antargata tAtvika bhedoMke AdhAra para dArzanika sampradAyoMkI sRSTi nahIM huii| aura samantabhadra siddhasena aura akalaMka jaise dArzanikoMne samAna bhAvase apnaayaa| yaha kama prasannatAkI bAta nahIM hai| - zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu paryanta akhaNDa jina zAsanakI vaijayantI phaharAtI rhii| usake pazcAt jina zAsana vibhakta huA aura jaina sAhityakI surakSA tathA nirmANakI cintAne zrutadharoM zruta premiyoMko Andolita kiyaa| ___ usake phalasvarUpa jo kucha kiyA gayA usIkA varNana Age kiyA jAtA hai|

Page #521
4 zrRtAvatAra bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezoMko sunakara unake gaNadharoMne jo grantha race haiM unheM zruta' kahate haiN| 'zruta' kA artha hai-'sunA huaa'| arthAt jo guru mukhase sunA gayA ho vaha zruta hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrake upadezoMko unake mukhase unake gaNadharoMne zravaNa kiyA aura unake gaNadharoMse unake ziSyoMne aura una ziSyoMse unake praziSyoMne zravaNa kiyaa| isa taraha zravaNa dvArA pravartita honeke kAraNa hI use zruta kahA jAtA hai| zrutakI yaha paramparA bahuta samaya taka isI taraha zruti dvArA pravartita hotI rahI / sampUrNa zrutake antima uttarAdhikArI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu the / unake samayameM bAraha varSakA bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3A aura saMghabhedakA sUtrapAta hA gyaa| Agama saMkalanA zvetAmbarIya mAnyatAke anusAra durbhikSakA avasAna hone para pATalIputrameM eka sAdhu sammelana huA aura usameM jina jina zrutadharoMko jo jo zruta smRta thA usakA saMkalana kiyA gayA / ise pATalIputrI vAcanA kahate haiN| 1-'nirAvaraNa jJAnAH kevAlinaH / tadupadiSTaM buddhayatizayarddhiyuktagaNadharAnusmRtaM grantharacanaM zrutaM bhavati |'-srvaarth0, a0 6, sUtra 13 / 'gurusamIpe zrUyate iti zrutam'-anu0 / 2-pATalIputrI vAcanAkA varNana titthogAlI painnAmeM, hemacandrakRta pariziSTa parva ke nauveM sargameM tathA sthUlabhadrako kathAoMmeM milatA hai|

Page #522
zrutAvatAra 467 magadhameM maurya sAmrAjyake patana aura zuMgavaMzI puSyamitrake udayake pazcAt jaina dharmakA vahAM se sthAnAntara honA svAbhAvika thaa| magadhase haTaneke pazcAt jainadharmakA kendra mathurA banA / kuzAnavaMzI rAjAoMke samayameM vahAM jainadharmakA acchA sthAna thaa| vIra nirvANa samvat 827 aura 840 ke madhyameM mathugameM eka vAcanA honekA ullekha milatA hai| isake pramukha skandila sUri the| jJAta hotA hai ki skandila sUrike pazcAt mathurAse bho jaina saMskRtikA prAdhAnya uTha gyaa| isIse tIsarI vAcanA sudUra valabhI nagarImeM kI gii| ___yaha vAcanA pATalIputrI vAcanAse ATha sau varSoMke pazcAt devarddhi gaNikI pramukhatAmeM huI thii| usa samaya bhI bAraha varSakA bhayaMkara durbhita par3A thA, jisase bahuta sA zruta naSTa tathA vicchinna ho gayA thaa| isa vAcanAko sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha thI ki pahalekI vAcanAoMkI taraha isameM kevala vAcanA nahIM huI, kintu usake dvArA saMkalita aura vyavasthita siddhAntoMko pustakArUr3ha karake unheM sthAyitva pradAna kiyA gayA aura isa taraha eka hajAra dekho-dharmaghoSa kRta RSimaNDala prakaraNa para padma mundira racita vRtta meM, zubhazIla kRta bharatezvara bAhubalikI vRtti meM, haribhadra kRta upadezapadakI municandra sUri racita vRttimeM sthUlabhadra kathA tathA jayAnanda sUrikRta sthUla bhadra caritra tathA prAvazyaka kthaa| 1-'vArasa saMvaccharie mahate dubhikkhe kAle bhattahA aNNaeeto hiMDiyANaM gahaNa-guNaNa guppehAbhAvAtroM vippaNaDhe sutte, puNo subbhikkhe kAle jAe mahurAe mahaMte sAdhusamudae khaMdilAyariyappamuHsaMgheNa jo aM saMbharaitti iva saMghaDiyaM kAliyasuyaM / jamhA eva mahurAe kayaM tamhA mAhurI vAyaNA jhaNNai / ' -jinadAsamahattara kRta nandi cUNi / 32

Page #523
468 jai sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA varSase jo siddhAnta smRtike AdhArapara pravAhita hote Ate the, unheM mUrta rUpa mila gyaa| zAyada isIse valabhIkA nAma digambara sampradAyameM bhI smRta rahA kyoMki hariSeNa kathAkoza vagairahameM valabhImeM hI zvetAmbara sampradAyakI utpatti batalAI hai| siddhAntoMke pustakArUr3ha ho jAneke pazcAt phira koI vAcanA nahIM huI kyoMki usakI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhii| vartamAna zve0 jaina Agama usI vAcanA kI upaja haiN| samaya sundara gaNine apane samAcArI zatakameM devaddhi gaNike ukta satprayatnakA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai-'zrI' devarddhi gaNi kSamA zramaNane, dvAdaza varSIya durbhikSake kAraNa bahutase sAdhuoMkA maraNa tathA aneka bahuzrutoMkA viccheda ho jAnepara zrutabhaktise prerita hokara bhAvi janatAke upakArake lie vIra nirvANa sambata 980 meM zrI saMghake Agrahase bace hue saba sAdhuoMko valabhI nagarI meM bulAyA / aura unake mukhase vicchinna honese avaziSTa rahe kamatI bar3hatI, truTita, atruTita Agama pAThoMko apanI buddhise kramAnusAra saMkalita karake pustakArUr3ha kiyaa| isa taraha yadyapi mUlameM sUtra gaNadharoM ke dvArA gUthe gaye the, tathApi devarddhike dvArA punaH saMkalita 1-"zrIdevaddhiMgaNikSamAzramaNena zrIvIrAd azotyadhikanavazatakavarSe jAtena dvAdazavarSIyadurmikSavazAt bahutaramAdhuvyApattau ca jAtAyAM ""bhaviSyad bhavyalokopakArAya zrutabhaktaye ca zrIsaMghAgrahAt mRtAvaziSThatadAkAlInasarvasAdhUn balampAmAkArya tanmukhAd vicchinnAziSThAn nyUnAdhikAn truTitA'truTitAn zrAgamAlApakAn anukrameNa svamatyA saMkalayya pustakArUDhA kRtaaH| tato mUlato gaNa dharabhAvitAnAmapi tatsaMkalanAnantaraM sarveSAmapi zrAgamAnAM kartA zrIdevarddhi gaNikSamAzramaNa eva jAtaH / "

Page #524
zrutAvatAra 466 kiye jAnese devaddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa hI saba AgamoM ke kartA hue| gaNijIkA ukta kathana vartamAna jaina AgamoMke viSayameM vAstavika sthita hamAre sAmane rakhatA hai| yathArthameM eka hajAra varSa taka jo siddhAnta smRtike adhArapara pravAhita hote Ae hoM, unakI saMkalanA aura suvyavasthAmeM isa prakArakI kaThinAiyoMkA honA svAbhAvika hai| Aja bhI jIrNa zIrNa prAcIna pratike AdhArapara kisI granthakA uddhAra karanevAloMke sAmane isI prakAra kI kaThinAiyAM AtI haiN| prAcIna zilAlekhoMkA sampAdana karane vAle aspaSTa aura miTa gaye zabdoMkI saMkalanA pUrvApara sandarbhake anusAra karate dekhe jAte haiN| ata: devarddhi ne bhI truTita Adi pAThoMko apanI buddhike anusAra saMkalita karake pustakArUr3ha kiyA hogaa| isaparase yadi unheM samasta AgamoMkA kartA na bhI kahA jAye ko bhI Aja jo Agama upalabdha haiM, unako yaha rUpa denekA zreya to unheM hI prApya hai| kintu muni zrI kalyANa vijayajI devaddhigaNiko yaha zreya deneke liye taiyAra nahIM haiM, vaha unheM kevala lekhakake rUpa meM dekhate haiN| apane 'vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA' zIrSaka vidvattApUrNa nibandhameM munijIne isa viSayapara vistArase likhA hai| devarddhike kAryake sambandha meM nayA mata malayagiri ne jyotiSkaraNDakI' TIkA ( pR0 41 ) meM aura 1-'durbhikSAtikrame subhikSapravRttau dvayoH saMghayormelApako'bhavat / tadyathA eko valabhyAM, eko mathurAyAM, tatra ca sUtrArthasaMghaTanena parasparavAcanAbhedo jAtaH / -jyoti0 TI0, pR0 41

Page #525
500 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA vinaya vijayane lokaprakAzameM' ukta vAcanAoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai ! usase vyakta hotA hai ki durbhikSake pazcAt eka sAtha do sammeMlana hue eka mathurAmeM aura eka valabhImeM / lokaprakAzameM itanA vizeSa likhA hai ki valabhI sammelanake pramukha devarddhi the aura mathurA sammelanake pramukha skandilAcArya the| kintu zvetAmbara sthavirAvalIke anusAra devarddhise skandilAcArya bahuta pahale hue the| ataH donoMkI samakAlInatA saMbhava nahIM hai| ____ bhadrezvara kI kathAvalImeM inase kucha bhinna hI ullekha milatA hai usameM likhA hai-'mathurAmeM zrutasamRddha skandila nAmaka AcArya the aura valabhI nagarI meM nAgArjuna nAmaka AcArya the| duSkAla par3ane para unhoMne apane sAdhuoMko bhinna-bhinna dizAoMmeM bheja diyaa| sukAla hone para ve punaH mile| aura jaba abhyasta zAstroMkA parAvartana karane lage to unheM jJAta huA ki ve par3he hue zAstroMko prAyaH bhUla cuke haiN| zrutakA viccheda na ho, isaliye AcAryone siddhAntakA uddhAra karanA zurU kiyaa| jo vismRta nahIM huA thA, use vaise hI sthApana kiyA aura jo bhUlA jA cukA thA vaha sthala pUrvApara sambandha dekhakara vyavasthita kiyA gyaa|' 1- sataH subhikSe saMjAte saMghasya melako'bhavat / valabhyAM mathurAyAM ca sUtrArthaghaTanAkRte / / valabhyAM saMgate saMghe devarddhigaNiragraNIH / mathurAyAM saMgate skandilAcAryo'graNIrabhUt / / '' "tatazca vAcanAbhedastatra jAtaH kacit kvacit / vismRtasmaraNe bhedo jAtu syAdubhayorapi // " -lo0 pra0

Page #526
zrutAvatAra 501 Age kathAvalImeM kahA hai ki 'siddhAntoMkA uddhAra karaneke bAda skandila aura nAgArjuna sUri parasparameM mila nahIM sake, . isa kAraNase inake uddhAra kie hue siddhAnta tulya hone para bhI unameM kahIM kahIM vAcanA bheda raha gayA, jisako pichale AcAryoM ne nahIM badalA aura TIkAkAroMne apanI TIkAoMmeM nAgArjunIya aisA par3hate haiM ityAdi ullekha karake una vAcanA bhedoMko sUcita kiyA hai| ( 'vI. ni0 saM0 jai0 kA0, pR0 110-111 se uddhR ta ) / isa parase munijI valabhI vAcanAko devarddhigaNikI nahIM, kintu nAgArjuna kI vAcanA mAnate haiN| unhoMne likhA hai- jisa kAlameM mathurAmeM Arya skandilane AgamoddhAra karake unakI vAcanA zurU kI usI kAlameM valabhI nagarImeM nAgArjuna sUrine bhI zramaNasaMgha ikaTThA kiyA aura durbhikSavaza naSTAvazeSa Agama siddhAntoMkA uddhAra kiyaa|......."is siddhAntoddhAra aura vAcanAmeM AcArya nAgArjuna pramu va sthavira the, isa kAraNase ise nAgArjunI vAcanA bhI kahate haiN|' (pR0 110-111) __ aisI sthitimeM yadi valabhI vAcanA nAgArjuna kI thI to devarddhigaNine valabhImeM kyA kiyA, yaha prazna honA svAbhAvika hai| muni jIkA kahanA hai ki-'upayukta vAcanAoMko sampanna hue karIba Der3ha sau varSase adhika samaya vyatIta ho cukA thA, usa samaya phira valabhI nagarImeM devarddhigaNi kSamA zramaNako adhyakSatAmeM zramaNa saMgha ikaTThA huA aura pUrvokta donoM vAcanAoM ke samaya likhe gaye siddhAntoMke uparAnta jo jo grantha prakaraNa maujUda the, una sabako likhAkara surakSita karanekA nizcaya kiyaa| isa zramaNa samavazaraNameM donoM vAcanAoMke siddhAntoMkA

Page #527
502 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA paraspara samanvaya kiyA gayA aura jahA~ taka ho sakA bheda bhAva miTAkara unheM eka rUpa kara diyA aura jo jo mahattvapUrNa bheda the unheM pAThAntarake rUpameM TIkA-cUrNiyoM meM saMgrahIta kiyaa| kitaneka prakIrNaka grantha jo kevala eka hI vAcanAmeM the vaise ke vaise pramANa mAne gye| upayukta vyavasthAke bAda skandilakI mAthurI vAcanAke anusAra saba siddhAnta likhe gaye, jahA~ jahA~ nAgAjunI vAcanAkA matabheda aura pAThabheda thA vaha TIkAmeM likha diyA gayA, jina para pAThAntaroMko nAgArjunAnuyAyI kisI taraha chor3aneko taiyAra na the, unakA mUlasUtrameM bhI vAyaNaMtare puNa ina zabdoMke sAtha ullekha kara diyA / " ( pR0 113-117 ) saMkSepameM munijIkA mata yaha hai ki-'skandilAcAryake samayameM valabhImeM mile hue saMghake pramukha AcArya nAgArjuna the aura unakI dI huI vAcanA hI vAlabhI vAcanA kahalAtI hai| devardhigaNikI pramukhatAmeM bhI jaina zramaNa saMgha ikaTThA huA thA, yaha bAta sahI hai / para usa samaya vAcanA nahIM huI, para pUrvokta donoM vAcanAgata siddhAntoMkA samanvaya karaneke uparAnta ve likhe gaye the, isIliye hama isa kAryako devarddhigaNikI vAcanA na kahakara 'pustaka lekhana' kahate haiN|' ___ munijIne isa avasara para saMgharSa bhI honekI saMbhAvanA vyakta karate hue likhA hai-'yadyapi devaddhike pustaka lekhanake kAryakA vizeSa prakAza karanevAlA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA, tathApi kArya kI gurUtA dekhate hue yaha kahanA kucha bhI asaMbhAvita nahIM hogA ki isa kAryasaMghaTanake samayameM donoM vAcanAnuyAyI saMghoMmeM avazya hI saMgharSaNa huA hogaa| apanI-apanI paramparAgata vAcanAko ThIka manavAneke liye aneka kozize

Page #528
zrutAvatAra huI hogI aura aneka kATa chAMTa honeke uparAnta hI donoM saMghoMmeM samajhautA huA hogaa| hamAre isa anumAnako puSTimeM nimnalikhita' gAthA upasthitakI jA sakatI hai jisakA bhAva yaha hai ki-yuga pradhAnatulya gaMdharva vAdive tAla zAntisUrine vAlabhyasaMghake kAryake liye valabhI nagarImeM udyama kiyaa|' (pR0 117 ) yaha ThIka hai ki katipaya AgamoMmeM vAcanAntarakA nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai aura TIkAkAroMne unheM nAgArjunIyoMkI vAcanA kahA hai| tathA bhadrezvarane bhI una TIkA granthoMko dekhakara hI apanI kathAvalImeM vaisA likha diyA hai| kintu valabhImeM hone vAlI ukta nAgArjunIya vAcanAkA nirdeza kisI prAcIna granthameM nahIM miltaa| jabaki jinadAsa mahattara kRta nandi cUrNimeM tathA haribhadra kRta nandi TIkAmeM mAthurI vAcanAkA kathana milatA hai| nAgArjunakI vAlabhI vAcanA sambandhI ukta sabhI ullekha vikramakI 12 vIM zatIse pazcAt ke haiN| dUsare, vAdi vetAla zAnti sUriko valabhImeM nAgArjunIyoMkA pakSa upasthita karanevAlA batalAyA hai| prabhAvaka carita / pR0 133-137 ) meM likhA hai ki zAntyAcArya ko rAjA bhojane vAdivetAlakA viruda diyA thaa| ataH ve rAjA bhojake samakAlIna the| unakI mRtyu vi0 saM0 5096 meM huii| aisI sthitimeM devarddhike 1-'vAlabbha saMghakajje ujjaminaM jugapahANatullehiM / gaMdhabbavAiveyAlasaMtisUrIhiM balahIe // 2 // yaha gAthA eka duSamA saMgha stotrayaMtra kI prati ke hAziye para likhI huI hai | - pR0 117 /

Page #529
504 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA samaya valabhI meM unakA honA asaMbhava hI hai / aura isaliye usa para se valabhImeM bhI jisa saMgharSakI sambhAvanA munijIne kI hai, vaha nirAdhAra hI pratIta hotI hai / tIsare, yadi isa tarahakA saMgharSa huA hotA to mUla sUtroM meM 'vAyAMtare puNa' ke sthAna meM 'NAgajjuNIyA uNa evaM padaMti' likhA huA milatA / ' vAcanAntara' jaisA sAdhAraNa nirdeza to binA kisI saMgharSake koI bhI ImAnadAra saMkalayitA kara sakatA hai kyoM ki isase usakI prAmANikatAkA poSaNa hotA hai / dUsare mAthurI vAcanAnugata AgamoMmeM aura unameM nirdiSTa vAcanAntara ke matoMmeM koI aisA mahatvapUrNa saiddhAntika matabheda dRSTigocara nahIM hotA jisako lekara pArasparika saMgharSakI paristhiti paidA hone kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sake / phira bhI hamArA usase vizeSapra yojana na honese hama isa saMgharSa ke saMgharSa se virata hote haiM aura mukhya muddekI ora Ate haiN| I munijIke matAnusAra usa samaya pahale to ukta donoM vAcanAoM ( mAthurI aura nAgArjunakI balabhI vAcanA ) ke samaya likhe gaye siddhAntoMke uparAnta jo jo grantha prakaraNa maujUda the una sabako likhAkara surakSita karanekA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| tatpazcAt donoM vAcanAoMke siddhAntoMkA paraspara samanvaya kiyA gayA aura jahAM taka ho sakA bheda bhAva miTAkara unheM eka rUpa kara diyA aura jo mahattvapUrNa bheda the unheM pAThAntarake rUpameM cUrNiyoM meM saMgRhIta kiyA / kitaneka prakIrNaka grantha jo kevala eka vAcanA meM the vaise ke vaise pramANa mAne gaye / ' Age munijI likhate haiM / - ' uparyukta vyavasthAke bAda skandila

Page #530
zrutAvatAra 505 kI mAthurI vAcanAke anusAra saba siddhAnta likhe gaye / jahA~ jahAM nAgAjunI vAcanAkA matabheda aura pATha bheda thA vaha TIkAmeM likha diyA gayA para jina pAThAntaroMko nAgArjunAnayAyI kisI taraha chor3aneko taiyAra na the unakA mUlasUtra meM bhI vAyaNaMtare puNa' ina zabdoMke sAtha ullekhakara diyaa|' ( vI0 ni0 jai0 kA0 pR0 115 -117) ___ munijIke ukta kathana paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiN| yadi saba siddhAnta mAthurI vAcanAke anusAra likhe gaye aura jahAM jahAM nAgArjunI vAcanAkA pATha bheda yA matabheda thA vaha TIkAmeM likha diyA gayA to phira donoM vAcanAoMke siddhAntoMkA paraspara samanvaya karane aura bhedabhAva miTAkara eka rUpa karanekI bAta nahIM rhtii| aura yadi ukta prakArase samanvaya kiyA gayA to yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki saba siddhAnta mAthurI vAcanAke anusAra likhe gye| donoM vAcanAoMkA samanvaya karake aura bheda bhAva miTAkara jo vastu taiyAra kI gaI use ubhayavAcanAnugata kahanA hogA na ki kisI eka vAcanAnugata / udAharaNake liye Ajakala aneka pratiyoM ko sAmane rakhakara kisI eka granthakA sampAdana kArya kiyA jAtA hai| usameM zrAdhunika vaijJAnika paddhati ke anusAra eka pratiko Adarza mAnakara use mUla granthakA rUpa dete haiM aura anya pratiyoM ke pAThAntaroMkA nirdeza TippaNameM kara dete haiN| kucha sampAdaka aisA bhI karate haiM ki unheM jahA~ jisa pratikA jo pATha zuddha pratIta hotA hai vahA~ vaha pATha mUla meM de dete haiM aura isa taraha saba pratioMke AdhAra se apane mUla granthakA rUpa dete haiN| isa rUpako kisI eka pratikA anusArI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| use to sabakA samanvita rUpa

Page #531
506 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| devaddhi gaNikA tathokta sampAdana prakAra inhIM domeMse eka prakArakA ho sakatA hai| eka sAtha donoM prakAra to saMbhava nahIM ho sakate / ___munijIke lekhAnusAra mathurA aura valabhImeM jo vAcanAeM huI unameM saba prakaraNoMko lipibaddha kara liyA gayA thA aura ve grantha prakaraNa devarddhigaNike sAmane upasthita the| unheM hI unhoMne likhAkara surakSita kiyaa| jahAM taka hama jAna sakeM haiM munijIke isa lekhakA samarthana hemacandrAcArya viracita yoga zAstra vRttike sivAya anyatrase nahIM hotaa| hemacandrane apanI ukta vRttimeM yaha avazya likhA hai ki 'duSamA kAlavaza jina vacanako naSTa prAya samajhakara bhagavAna nAgAjuna skandilAcArya pramukhane use pustakoMmeM likhaa| kintu jinadAsakI nandi cUrNike prAcIna ullekhameM isa bAtakA kataI nirdeza nahIM hai| usameM unhoMne kevala itanA hI likhA hai ki smRtike AdhArapara kAlika zruta saMkalita kiyA gyaa| hari 1- 'jinavacanaM ca duSamAkAlavazAducchinnaprAyamiti matvA bhagavadbhirnAgArjunaskandilAcAryaprabhRtibhiH pustakeSu nyastam ,"yoga0, 3, pR0 107 / 2--'vArasa' saMvaccharie mahaMte dubhikkhe kAle bhattaTThA agaeNNato hiMDiyANaM gahaNaguNaNaNuppehAbhAvAtroM vippaNaDhe sutte, puNo subhikkhe kAle jAe mathurAe mahaMte sAdhusamudae khaMdilAyariyapyamuhasaMgheNa jo aM saMbharaitti iva saMghaDiyaM kAliyasuyaM / jamhA eva mahugae kayaM tamhA mAhurI vAyaNA bhaNNai /

Page #532
zrutAvatAra 507 bhadrakRta aura malayagirikRta' nandi TIkAmeM bhI yahI likhA huA hai| ___ malayagirikI jyotiSkaraNDakaTIkAmeM bhI, jisameM mathurA aura valabhImeM vAcanA honekA nirdeza hai, donoM vAcanAoMmeM sUtrArtha saMghaTana honekA hI ullekha hai, lipivaddha kiye jAnekA nahIM / bhadrezvara kI kathAvalImeM bhI isakA nirdeza nahIM hai| kintu munijIne usakA artha isa prakArase kiyA hai jisase yaha pratIta ho sakatA hai ki mAyurI vAcanAke pahale bhI Agama pustakeM thiiN| kathAvalI meM kevala itanA vAkya hai-'jAva sajjhAyaMtI tAva khaMDu khuruDIhUyaM puvvAhiyaM' / arthAt subhitake pazcAt jaba ve sAdhu punaH mile aura svAdhyAya karane lage to unheM pratIta huA ki pahale kA saba abhyasta astavyasta ho gayA hai-bhUla gayA hai| munijI ne artha kiyA hai --'subhikSake samayameM phira ve ikaTThe hue aura abhyasta zAstroMkA parAvartana karane lage to unheM mAlUma huA ki prAyaH ve par3he hue zAstroMko bhUla cuke haiN|' ataH bhadrezvarake ullekhameM saMkalita zAstroMko likha lenekI bAta nahIM hai| bhadrezvarane Age likhA hai ki 'TIkAkAroMne 'nAgajjuNIyA uNa evaM par3hanti' isa prakArase vAcanA bhedoMkA ullekha AcArAMga Adi meM kara diyaa|' yaha likhate samaya bhadrezvarake sAmane AcArAMga Adi kI TIkAe~ thIM, yaha spaSTa hai; kyoMki bhadrezvara navAMgavRttikAra zIlAMkasUrike pazcAt hue hai aura unakI TIkAoMmeM 'nAgArjunIyAstu evaM paThanti' Adi ullekha milate haiM / muni jIne bhI apanI pustakakI ( pR0 116) ca 1-'yo yasmarati sa tatkathayatItyevaM kAlikazrutaM pUrvagataM kiMcidanusandhAya ghaTitam"-nandi0 gA0 33 /

Page #533
508 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA TippaNImeM bhadrezvarake ukta kathanake samarthanameM zIlAGkakI TIkAse kucha uddharaNa diye haiN| kintu munijIne bhadrezvarake isa kathanako bhI devarddhigaNike samayameM hue kAryake sAtha jor3a diyA hai / yathA--'jahAM jahAM nAgArjunI vAcanAkA matabheda aura pAThabheda thA vaha TIkAmeM likha diyA gayA' / / '' ye TIkAyeM devarddhigaNike pahale bana karake taiyAra ho cukI thIM, yA usI samaya valabhImeM hI taiyAra huI, yaha muni jI aura spaSTa kara dete to par3hanevAloMko bhrama paidA na hotA / astu ata: devaddhigaNikAlIna valabhI sammelanameM vAcanA nahIM huI, kevala pustaka lekhana huA, yaha kathana nirAdhAra hai; kyoMki isase pUrva huI mAthurI vAcanA aura vAlabhI vAcanAke samaya saMkalita kiye gaye AgamasUtroMko lipibaddha kara lenekA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai aura na yahI ullekha milatA hai ki devarddhigaNike sammelanameM saba Agamagrantha likhita rUpameM upasthita the| pratyuta isake viruddha yahI kathana milatA hai ki jisa prakAra pahalekI vAcanAoMmeM durbhikSake kAraNa naSTAvaziSTa zrutako sAdhuoMkI smRtike AdhAra para saMkalita kiyA gayA usI taraha devarddhi kAlIna valabhI vAcanAmeM bhI durbhikSake kAraNa vinaSTa hue zrutakI rakSAkA prayatna pUrvavat kiyA gyaa| kintu pahalekI vAcanAoMse isameM eka vizeSatA yaha thI ki usa saMkalita zrutako pustakArUr3ha bhI kara diyA gyaa| isase pahale koI Agama sUtra likhA hI nahIM gayA, aisA hamArA Agraha nahIM hai, ho sakatA hai ki vyaktigata rUpase sAdhu loga apanI suvidhAke liye kisI sUtragranthako lipibaddha kara lete hoN| kintu devarddhise pahale sAmUhika rUpase Agama granthoMko lipivaddha

Page #534
506 zrutAvatAra karane kA koI prayatna nahIM huA, yaha nizcita hai aura isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki isase pahale zrAgama granthoM kA koI eka rUpa nirdhArita nahIM ho sakA thA jo pUre sampradAya ko mAnya ho aura aisI sthitimeM unheM lipibaddha karanA sampradAyabhedakA janaka ho sakatA thaa| muni jIne anuyogadvArasUtra aura nizItha cUrNise do uddharaNa dekara yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki davarddhigaNike pahale bhI likhe hue Agama hote the / nizItha cUrNimeM kAlika zruta aura kAlika zruta niyuktike liye pA~ca prakArakI pustakeM rakhane kA adhikAra sAdhuko diyA hai| nizItha cUNise pahale hI valabhI meM Agama granthoMkA likhanA jArI ho cukA thaa| ataH usake isa ullekhase devarddhigaNike pUrvameM Agama granthoMkA lipivaddha honA pramANita nahIM hotaa| hA~ anuyoga dvArako AryarakSita kI kRti mAnA jAtA hai aura AryarakSitakA samaya vikramakI prathama dvitIya zatAbdI kahA jAtA hai| anuyogadvArameM pustakameM likhitako dravya zruta kahA hai| isa parase muni jIne yaha saMbhAvanA kI hai ki- 'koI Azcarya nahIM hai, yadi unhoMne (AyurakSita jIne) usI samaya manda buddhi sAdhuoMke anugRhArtha apavAda mArgase Agama likhane kI bhI AjJA de dI ho (pR0 106) / munijIkI isa saMbhAvanAse hama sahamata haiN| hamArI Apatti mAthurI vAcanA aura prathama valabhI vAcanAmeM saba AgamoMke lipivaddha kiye jAne para hai ; kyoMki usakA samarthana eka hemacandrake sivAya anya kisI srotase nahIM hotaa| yadi nAgArjuna aura skandilAcAryane apanI apanI pramukhatAmeM saMkalita jainasUtroMko tatkAla lipi baddha karA liyA hotA aura vaha saba zruta pustaka rUpameM upalabdha

Page #535
510 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva-pIThikA hotA to devarddhi gaNiko valabhImeM mathurAkI taraha sammelana bulAnekI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotii| zAyada kahA jAye ki vAcanA bhedoMko vyavasthita karaneke liye zramaNa sammelana bulAyA gyaa| kintu jaba mAthurI vAcanAke anusAra hI saba siddhAnta likhe gaye to samanvayavAlI bAta nahIM rhtii|| isake sivAya yadi ukta donoM vAcanAoMke pustakArUr3ha sUtra devaddhi gaNike sammelanameM upasthita hote aura yadi donoM vAcanAnuyAyI saMghoMmeM saMgharSa huA hotA to zvetAmbaroMmeM hI do prakArake sUtra grantha upalabdha hote, phira vAlabhya prAcArya apane pATha bhedoMko kevala TIkAoMmeM nirdiSTa karAkara zAnta na hote / ataH zvetAmbaroMmeM jo devarddhigaNike samayameM hA nevAlI balabhI vAcanAkI hI paramparA pracalita hai, vaha nissAra nahIM hai aura samaya sundara gaNine apanI sAmAcArImeM jo devarddhi gaNike mahatkAryakA spaSTI. karaNa kiyA hai. vaha usI paramparAkA sAkSI hai| nandi sthavirAvalIkI skandilAcAryasambandhI gAthAke vyAkhyAnameM malayagirine mAthurI vAcanA kyoM skandilAcAryakI kahI jAtI hai isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate huye likhA hai ki vaha 1-sA ca tatkAlayugapradhAnAnAM skandilAcAryANAmabhimatA taireva cArthataH ziSyabuddhi prApiteti tadanuyogaH teSAmAcAryANAM sambandhoti vyapadizyate / apare punarevamAhuH-na kimapi zrutaM durmikSavazAt anezat kintu tAvadeva tatkAle zrutamanuvartatesma / kevalamanye pradhAnA ye'nuyogadharA te sarve'pi durbhikSakAlakavalIkRtAH, eka eva skandilasUrayo vidyante sma / tatastai durbhikSApagame mathurApuri punaranuyogaH pravartitaH iti vAcanA mAthurIti vyapadizyate, anuyogazca teSA mAcAryANA miti |"-nndi0, gA0 33 ttiikaa|

Page #536
zrutAvatAra 511 vAcanA usa samayake yuga pradhAna skandilAcAryako abhimata thI aura unhIMke dvArA artharUpase ziSya buddhiko prApta huI thI isa liye vaha anuyoga unakA kahA jAtA hai|' Age unhoMne 'apare' karake eka mata aura diyA hai jo isa prakAra hai- dUsaroMkA kahanA hai ki durbhikSake vaza kucha bhI zruta naSTa nahIM huA thA, saba zruta vartamAna thA / kintu anya saba pradhAna anuyogadhara kAla ke gAlameM cale gaye kevala eka skandilasUri zeSa bce| unhone durbhikSa cale jAnepara mathurA meM punaH anuyogakA pravartana kiyA isaliye use mAthurI vAcanA kahate haiM aura vaha anuyoga skandilAcAryakA kahA jAtA hai| isa taraha jaba skandilAcAryake dvArA punaH pravartita hone mAtrase bhI mAthurI vAcanAke anuyogako skandilAcAryakA kahA gayA hai| taba devarddhigaNine to valabhImeM Agamako antima rUpa dekara aura unheM pustakArUr3ha karake sarvadAke liye anuyoga pravartita kara diyaa| ataH yadi unheM mAtra pustaka lekhaka na kahakara vartamAna AgamoMkA racayitA bhI kahA jAye-jaisA ki samaya sundara gaNine kahA hai to koI atyukti nahIM hai| sva0 DA0 yAkovIne jaina sUtroMkI apanI prastAvanAmeM devarddhi gaNike kAryake sambandhameM vistArase prakAza DAlA hai| DA. yAkovIkA mata bhI hInAdhika rUpameM munijIke hI anukUla hai ataH use bhI yahAM de denA ucita hogaa| DA0 yAkovIne likhA hai_ 'sarva sammata paramparAke anusAra jaina Agama athavA siddhAMtoMkA saMgraha devaddhi kI adhyakSatAmeM valabhI sammelanameM huaa| kalpasUtrameM usakA samaya vIra nirvANa 680 yA (93

Page #537
512 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ( 454 yA 467 I0 ) diyA hai / paramparA kathana hai ki siddhAntake naSTa ho Aneke khatareko jAnakara devaddhi ne use pustakoMmeM likhaayaa| isase pUrva gurujana apane chAtroMko siddhAnta par3hAte samaya pustakoMkA upayoga nahIM karate the| kintu isake pazcAt unhoMne pustakoMkA upayoga kiyaa| isa kathanakA uttarabhAga spaSTa rUpase satya hai, kyoMki prAcIna kAlameM pustakoMkA upayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA thA / pustakoMkI apekSA smRtipara adhika vizvAsa karanekA brAhmaNoMmeM rivAja thaa| aura isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki isa viSayameM jainoM aura bauddhoMne unakA anusaraNa kiyaa| kintu Ajakala yatigaNa apane ziSyoMko jaba pavitra sUtra par3hAte haiM to pustakoMkA upayoga karate haiN| maiM isameM koI kAraNa nahIM pAtA ki hameM isa paramparA para kyoM nahIM vizvAsa karanA cAhiye ki zikSaNake DhaMgameM isa parivartanako lAnekA zreya devarddhigaNiko hai kyoMki yaha ghaTanA bahuta mahatvapUrNa thii| pratyeka gaNi athavA upAzrayako AgamoMkI pratiyA~ pradAna karaneke liye devagiNine siddhAntoMkA eka vRhata saMskaraNa avazya karAyA hogaa| devaddhike dvArA siddhAntoMko pustakArUr3ha karAneke paramparAgata kathanakA sambhavataH yahI abhiprAya hai; kyoMki yaha bAta kaThinatAse vizvasanIya hai ki isake pahale jaina sAdhu jo kucha kaNThastha karate the use likha lenekA prayatna nahIM karate the| brAhmaNa bhI apane dharmazAstroMkI pustakeM rakhate the yadyapi ve veda par3hAte samaya usakA upayoga nahIM karate the| ye pustakeM guruoMke vyaktigata upayogake liye hotI thiiN| mujhe isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki jaina sAdha bhI isa prathAkA vizeSa rUpase pAlana karate the kyoMki brAhmaNoMkI taraha pratiyoM para vizvAsa na karanekI prathAse ve prabhAvita nahIM the|

Page #538
zrutAvatAra 513 kintu apane dharma pranthoMkA uttarAdhikAra maukhika rUpase sauMnekI pracalita prathAke prabhAva se prabhAvita the / kintu maiM yaha nahIM mAnatA hU~ ki jainoMke Agama mUlataH pustakoM meM likhe gaye the kyoMki bauddhoMke pustaka na rakhaneke sambandhameM jo yukti dI jAtI hai ki unake pavitra piTakoMmeM, jinameM pratyeka choTI se choTI aura mahattvahIna gAhasthika cIjoM takakA ullekha milatA hai, pustakoMkA ullekha nahIM hai, vahI yukti jainoMke sambandha meM bhI dI jA sakatI hai| kama se kama jaba taka jaina sAdhu bhramaNazIla the taba taka unameM pustakoM kI pravRtti nahIM thI / kintu jabase jaina sAdhu apane apane upAzrayoMmeM rahane lage, ve apanI pustakeM rakha sakate the jaisA ki Ajakala rakhate haiM / isa taraha jaina AgamoMko lekara devarddhigaNike sambandhameM sAdhAraNatayA jo vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai usase hameM eka bhinna hI bAta pratIta hotI hai / sambhavatayA unhoMne maujUdA pratiyoMko eka Agama ke rUpameM suvyavasthita kiyA aura jinakI pratiyA~ upalabdha nahIM huI unheM vidvAn AgamajJoMke mukhase gRhaNa kiyA / usa AgamakI bahuta sI pratiyA~ pratyeka zikSAlaya meM deneke liye taiyAra karAI gaI kyoMki dhArmika zikSaNa ke DhaMgameM navIna parivartana ke kAraNa unakI AvazyakatA thI / ataH devarddhike dvArA siddhAntoMkA sampAdana pavitra pustakoMkA, jo pahale se hI lagabhaga usI rUpameM maujUda thIM, kevala navIna saMskaraNa karanA mAtra hai / " - se0 vu0 I0, ji0 22, prastAvanA pR0 37-36 / mAnya vidvAnake ukta vicAroMke sambandha meM do zabda kahane se pUrva usakI pRSTha bhUmi batalA denA Avazyaka hogA / usa samaya yUropiyana skAlaroM meM do prapa the / eka pa jaina dharmako svatantra dharma na mAnakara use bauddha dharmakI zAkhA mAnatA thA aura dUsarA 33

Page #539
514 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA grapa jaina dharmako bauddha dharmase svatantra dharma mAnatA thaa| sva0 yAkovI dUsare grapa ke the aura unhIMkI zodhoMke phalasvarUpa dUsare pakI mAnyatAko bala milA / prathama apameM eka mi. bArtha the unhoMne apanI pustaka 'dharmoMkA itihAsa' meM jaina dharmake sambandhameM yaha to svIkAra kiyA thA ki 'nATaputta' ke rUpa meM eka aitihA. sika vyaktitva chipA huA hai| kintu unakI Apatti yaha thI ki usake sambandhameM jina jaina AgamoMse sabala tarka upasthita kiye jAte haiM ve IsA kI pA~cavIM zatIke haiM athavA yaha kahanA cAhiye ki sampradAyakI sthApanA honeke lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa pazcAt ke haiN| unakA yaha bhI kahanA thA ki jaina paramparAkA nirmANa bauddha paramparAkI nakala hai| unhIMko uttara dete hue sva. yAkovIne jaina AgamoMke saMbandhameM ukta vicAra prakaTa kiye the| munijIkI taraha unhoMne bhI prAraMbhameM hI yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki paramparA kathana to yahI hai ki jaina AgamoMkA saMkalana valabhImeM devardhikI pradhAnatAmeM huaa| kintu vaha apanI kalpanA aura tarkake AdhAra para ukta paramparAkA ukta artha nikAlate haiN| ukta paramparAkI AdhArabhUta prAcIna gAthA' to itanA hI 1-vilahipurammi nayare devaDipamuheNa samaNasaMgheNa / putthaI aAgamu lihilo navasaya asIaAzro viiraashro|| -vI0 ni0 saM0 jainakA0, pRSTha 108 para uddhRta / dUsarA pATha isa prakAra hai valahipuraMmi nayare devaDiDhapamuhasayalasaMghehiM / puvve Agamu lihiu nava saya asIvANu vIrAu / -jai0 sA0 i0 (gu0) pR0 142 meM uddhRta /

Page #540
zrutAvatAra 515 batalAtI hai ki vIra nirvANake 180 veM varSa meM valabhI purI nagarImeM devaddhi pramukha sakala saMghane yA zramaNa saMghane pustakoM para Agamako likhA ? prazna hotA hai ki kyoM likhA to prApta ullekhoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki durbhikSavaza zrutakI rakSA karaneke liye likhaa| kaise likhA / to patA calatA hai ki upasthita zramaNa saMghakI smRtike AdhAra para likhaa| aura zramaNa saMdhakI smRti kA AdhAra paramparAgata mAthurI vAcanA thii| phira bhI jaise yaha kahanA ki valabhImeM vAcanA nahIM huI aura jo kucha likhA gayA vaha kevala prApta pustakoMke AdhAra para ho likhA gayA, ekAnta pakSa hai vaise hI yaha kahanA bhI ki balabhI sammelanase pahale vyaktigatarUpase bhI pustakoM para Agama likhA hI nahIM gayA thA aura valabhI sammelana meM hI pahale pahale AgamoMko likhanekI prathA pravartita huI, ekantapakSa hai| saba bAtoMko dRSTimeM rakhate hue hama to isI niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki valabhImeM devaddhi gaNikI pramukhatAmeM upalabdha sAdhanoMke AdhAra para AgamoMko vyavasthita karake unhe pustakArUr3ha kara diyA gayA aura tabase sArvajanika rUpase unakA lekhana kArya hone lgaa| DA. jekAvIkA yaha artha ki paThana pAThanameM pustakoMke upayogakI pravRttiko prasArita karaneke liye devaddhi ne AgamoMkI bahuta sI pratiyA~ taiyAra karAI, eka sudhAravAdI dRSTi se bhale hI ucita lage kintu zodhaka dRSTise to ucita nahIM hI jaMcatA, ataH hama bhAratIya sAhityake itihAsake lekhaka DA0 vinTaranITsakA isa sambandhameM mata dete haiM-vaha likhate haiM___"AgamoMkI prAcInatA aura prAmANikatAke sambandhameM svayaM zvetAmbara jainoMmeM nIce likhI paramparA pAI jAtI hai 'mUla siddhAnta caudaha pUrvomeM surakSita the| mahAvIrane svayaM

Page #541
516 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA apane ziSya gaNadharoMko unakI zikSA dI thii| kintu una pUrvokA jJAna zIghra hI naSTa ho gyaa| mahAvIrake ziSyoMmeM se kevala ekane usa jJAnakI paramparAko Age claayaa| kintu vaha kevala chai pIr3hI taka hI cala skii| mahAvIra nirvANakI dvitIya zatAbdImeM magadha dezameM bhayaGkara durbhikSa par3A, jo bAraha varSameM jAkara samApta huaa| usa samaya maurya candragupta magadhakA rAjA thA aura sthavira bhadravAha jaina saMghake pradhAna the| durbhikSake kAraNa bhadravAhu apane anuyAyioMke samudAyake sAtha dakSiNa bhAratake karnATaka pradeza meM cale gaye aura sthUlabhadra, jo caudaha pUrvoko jAnane vAle antima vyakti the, magadhameM raha jAne vAle saMghake pradhAna ho gaye / bhadrabAhukI anupasthitike kAraNa yaha pratyakSa thA ki pavitra sUtroMkA jJAna vismRti ke garta meM calA jaataa| isalie pATalIputra meM eka sammelanakA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| usameM gyAraha aMgoMkA saMkalana huA aura caudaha pUrvoke avazeSoMko bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAdake rUpameM nibaddha kara diyA gyaa| jaba bhadrabAhuke anuyAyI magadhameM lauTakara Aye to unhoMne dekhA ki dakSiNako cale jAne vAle aura magadhameM raha jAne vAloMke bIca meM eka bar3I khAI paidA hogaI hai| magadha meM raha jAne vAle jaina sAdhu sapheda vastra pahinaneke abhyasta ho gaye the jaba ki dakSiNa pravAsI sAdhu mahAvIrake kaThora niyamoM ke anusAra nagna rahate the| aura isa taraha digambaroM aura zvetAmvaroMkA mahAna saMgha bheda huaa| phalataH digambaroMne pATalIputrameM saMkalita zrAgamoMko mAnane se iMkAra kara diyA aura unhoMne yaha ghoSaNA kara dI ki aMga aura pUrva naSTa ho gye| sudIrgha kAlavaza zvetAmbaroMke Agama asta vyasta ho gaye aura unake eka dama naSTa ho jAnekA khatarA paidA ho gyaa| ataH mahAvIra nirvANa ke 980 yA 663 varSa pazcAt ( IsAkI 5 vIM zatAbdIke madhya

Page #542
zrutAvatAra 517 meM yA chaTI zatAbdIke prArambha meM ) gujarAtakI valabhI nagarI meM pavitra AgamoMke saMkalana tathA lekhanake lie eka sammelana huzrA, jisake pradhAna devarddhi kSamAzramaNa the| bArahavAM aMga, jisameM pUrvoko avaziSTAMza saMkalita the, usa samaya taka naSTa ho cukA thaa| isIse hama kevala gyAraha aMgoM ko pAte haiN| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vartamAnameM upalabdha gyAraha aMga vahI haiM jinheM devarddhine saMkalita kiyA thaa| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki svayaM zvetAmbara jainoMkI paramparAke anusAra unake pavitra AgamoMkI adhikAritA IsAkI pAMcavIM zatIse pUrva nahIM jaatii| yaha ThIka hai ki ve mAnate haiM ki valabhI sammelanameM jo Agama likhe gaye unakA AdhAra pATalIputrameM saMkalita Agama the aura ve Agama mahAvIra aura unake ziSyoMse sambaddha the| kahA jAtA hai ki gaNadharoM ne, jo mahAvIra ke ziSya the, unameM bhI mukhya rUpase Arya sudharmAne mahAvIra svAmIke vacanoMko aMgoM aura upAMgoMmeM nibaddha kiyaa| parampagase kucha khAsa graMthoMko bAdake granthakAroMkA bhI kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNake liye, cauthA upAGga Arya zyAmAcAryakA batalAyA jAtA hai jinakA samaya mahAvIra nirvANase 376 yA 386 varSa pazcAt mAnA jAtA hai| cauthe cheda sUtra piNDa niyukti aura ogha niyuktiko bhadrabAhukI ( vIra nirvANakI 2 rI zatAbdI) aura tIsare mUlasUtrako sayyaMbhavakA, jinheM mahAvIra nirvANake pazcAt cauthA yuga pradhAna ginA jAtA hai. kahA jAtA hai / tathA nandisUtrako mahAvIra nirvANakI dazavIM zatAbdImeM hone vAle, valabhI sammelanake pradhAna devarddhikA kahA jAtA hai| digambara bhI yaha bAta svIkAra karate haiM ki mahAvIrake prathama gaNadhara caudaha pUrvo aura gyAraha aMgoM ko jAnate the| kintu ve kahate haiM ki prAcIna samaya meM kevala caudaha pUrvokA hI jJAna lupta nahIM huA,

Page #543
518 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA balki mahAvIra nirvANa ke 436 varSa pazcAt gyAraha agoM kA jJAtA antima vyakti mara gayA, usake jo uttarAdhikArI AcAryakramase hue, jaise samaya bItatA gayA vaise hI unameM bhI uttarottara aMgoM kA jJAna kramase kama hotA gayA aura anta meM mahAvIra nirvANa se 683 varSa pazcAt aMgoM kA jJAna pUrNatayA naSTa ho gayA / yadyapi svayaM jainoMkI paramparA unake AgamoMke bahuta prAcIna honeke pakSa meM nahIM hai tathApi kama se kama unake kucha bhAgoM ko apekSAkRta prAcIna kAlakA mAnanemeM aura yaha mAna lene meM ki devarddhine aMzataH prAcIna pratiyoMkI sahAyatA se aura aMzataH maukhika paramparAke AdhAra para AgamoMko saMkalita kiyA, paryApta kAraNa hai " - hi0 I0 li0, ji02, pR. 431-434 / DA0 vinTaraniTsakA ukta mata bahuta santulita hai aura vaha hamAre ukta matakA poSaka hai / upalabdha aMgasAhityake viSaya meM prApta ullekhoMse yaha spaSTa rUpase vidita hotA hai ki vIra nirvANako dUsarI zatAbdIse aMga kI chinna bhinnatA prArambha ho gayI thI aura Age bhI zruta vaha jArI rhii| do aura bhayAnaka durbhikSoMke kAraNa zrutako gaharI hAni pahu~cI / sudIrgha kAlake atikramaNake sAtha hI sAtha sudUra dezoM kA bhI use atikramaNa karanA pdd'aa| phira eka pakSa ne use mAnya hI nahIM kiyaa| jisa pakSake dvArA aMga sAhitya saMkalita kiyA gayA, usapara bauddhoMke madhyamamArgakA bhI prabhAva par3A / ina saba sthitiyoM kA aMga sAhitya para prabhAva na par3A ho, yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA / ataH yaha kahanA ki pATalIputrameM jo aMga sAhitya saMkalita kiyA gayA thA usameM aura usake AThasau

Page #544
zrutAvatAra 516 varSa pazcAt valabhImeM jo pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA usameM koI antara nahIM par3A, yA mAmUlIsA antara par3A, pUrNa satya nahIM hai| bhAgabhoMke viziSTa abhyAsI paM0 vecara dAsa jIkA to yaha kahanA hai ki valbhImeM saMgRhIta aMga sAhityakI sthitike sAtha zrI vIrasamayake aMga sAhityakI tulanA karane vAleko do sautele bhAIyoMke bIca jinatA antara hotA hai utanA bheda mAlUma honA sarvathA saMbhava hai"-jai0 sA0 vi0 pR0 23 / ___ isake viSayameM vAstavika sthitikA patA to tabhI laga sakatA thA jaba vIra bhagavAnake samayameM gaNadharake dvArA grathita huA aMga sAhitya upalabdha hotA aura usake sAtha vartamAna aMga sAhityakI tulanAkI jAtI, kintu yadi vaisA hotA to dusarA rUpa sAmane hI kyoM AtA / phira bhI saba ghaTanAoMko dRSTimeM rakhakara vastu sthitikA vicAra karane para paM0 vecara dAsajIkI ukti hI satyake adhika nikaTa pratIta hotI hai| ___ bhAratake dhArmika sAhityakI rUparekhAkA citraNa karate huye zrI je ena pharakyUhara (J. N.FARQUHAR) ne jaina AgamoMke sambandhameM likhA hai-"aGgoMke dvArA spApita samasyA bahuta hI jaTila sthitimeM hai| unakI bhASA mUla mAgadhI nahIM hai jisameM vaha IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatImeM paTanAmeM saMkalita kie gaye the| kintu usapara pazcima kA, jahAM vaha IsvI san kI pAMcavIM zatImeM likhe gaye, prabhAva hai| isa bAtake spaSTa pramANa haiM ki saMkalana kAlase hI unameM vistRta rUpameM parivartana hote Aye haiN| isa sabase jaTila samasyAko sulajhAneke liye AgamoMkA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM kiyA gyaa| yaha saMbhava hai ki paTanAmeM kucha aMga saMkalita kiye gye| kintu

Page #545
520 ja0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA yaha koI nahIM kaha sakatA ki vartamAna AgamoMkA una mUla AgamoMke sAtha kyA sambandha hai ? vebarakA mata hai ki maujUdA Agama dUsarI aura pAMcavIM zatAbdIke bIcameM race gaye / kintu jekovIkA jhukAva hai ki unakA kucha bhAga paTanA se hI apekSA. kRta thor3ese parivartanake sAtha AyA hai|'-aautt ri0 li. iM0, pR076| ___ Age vaha likhate haiM-"kintu yaha adhika sambhava hai ki prAcIna sAhitya aMzataH surakSita rahA ho| yadyapi yaha nissandeha hai ki saMghabhedake samayase arthAt I0 80 se zvetAmbara sAdhuoMke dvArA apane sampradAyake anukUla usameM saMzodhanakI pravRtti cAlU rahI . ... / AgamoMmeM zvetAmbaroMkI isa pravRttike spaSTa cinha pAye jAte haiN|' (pR0 120-121 ) devaddhiMgaNike pazcAtkI sthiti vartamAna jaina Agoke sambandhameM vicAra karate samaya devarddhi gaNike pazcAtkAlIna sthitiko bhI dRSTimeM rakhanA Avazyaka hai / prAyaH vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki devaddhi gaNike pazcAt bhI AgamoMmeM parivartana huA aura usake pramANa pAye jAte hai / DA0 jekobIkA mata pahale de Aye haiN| usase pahale kalpasUtrakI prastAvanAmeM unhoMne isa sambandhameM jo mata vyakta kiyA thA use yahA~ diyA jAtA hai____ 'prAcIna mAnyatAke anusAra jainasUtroMkA pustakAdhirohaNa vIra ni0 saM0680 meM devaddhigaNi kSamA zramaNa ne kiyaa| x x jina prabha muni aura padma sundara gaNi likhate haiM ki jaba devarddhigaNi ne 45 AgamoM ko vinAzonmukha dekhA taba unhoMne

Page #546
zrutAvatAra 521 valabhI purake saMghake sahayoga se unheM pustakArUr3ha kiyA / yaha kahA jAtA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM AcArya pustakakI sahAyatAke vinA apane ziSyoMko sUtra par3hAte the / kintu pIche pustakoMkI sahAyatA se zikSaNa denA Arambha huA / jaina upAzrayoM meM yaha prathA Aja bhI calI AtI hai| isa vRddha sampradAyakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki devaddhi gaNine prathama bAra jaina AgamoMko pustakArUr3ha karAyA / kintu usakA itanA hI matalaba hai ki prAcIna kAla meM AcArya likhita pustakoMkI apekSA apanI smRtike Upara jyAdA nirbhara rahate the| jainadharmake buddha ghoSa devarddhi gaNine khAsa karake samagra sAmpradAyika jaina sAhityako jo unheM usa samaya pustakoM meM se tathA vidyamAna AcAryoMke mukhase prApta ho sakA zrAgamoMke rUpameM nibaddha kiyA / yaha kArya bahuta adhika kaThina thA kyoMki usa samaya bahuta se Agama to truTita ho gaye the aura unakA amuka amuka truTita bhAga zeSa bacA thaa| ina truTita bhAgoM ko devaddhi gaNine, jo unheM ucita lagA, tadanusAra anusandhAna karake ekatra kiyA / bahutase AgamoMmeM jo asambaddha aura apUrNa varNana milate haiM, unakA kAraNa hama ukta sthitikI kalpanAke dvArA samajha sakate haiM / vidyamAna jaina AgamoMkI racanA mukhya rUpa se 1. san 410 aura 432 ke bIca meM buddhaghoSane vauddha piTakoM aura kathAko pustakoM meM likhAyA thA / silona meM bauddha graMtha aura gujarAta meM jainagrantha lagabhaga samAna kAla meM pustakArUDha hue| usake Upara se aisA anumAna ho sakatA hai ki jainoMne bauddhoMkI isa pravRttikA anukaraNa kiyA / hindusthAna meM IsvI pA~cavI zatAbdI se sAhitya ke liye lekhana kalAkA bahuta upayoga hone lagA

Page #547
522 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA usake sampAdaka devaddhi gaNikI AbhArI hai| unhoMne hI unheM adhyAyoM aura adhyayanoMmeM vibhakta kiyaa| aura grantha gaNanA ( 32 akSarakA eka zloka isa prakAra zloka pramANa ) kI paddhati caaluukii| isa grantha gaNanAke anusAra sau sau aura hajAra hajAra zlokoMkI saMsyA sUcaka aMka hasta likhita pratiyoM meM sarvatra eka hI rUpameM likhe hue haiN| mArgako nApaneke liye khar3e kiye gape mIlake pattharoMke samAna ina saMkhyA sUcaka aMkoko denekA uddezya yaha thA ki mUlasUtroMmeM punaH ghaTA bar3hI na ho sake / parantu vAstavameM yaha uddezya saphala huA ho, aisA nahIM lgtaa| devarddhi gaNike pazcAt jaina AgamoMmeM bahuta pheraphAra huA pratIta hotA hai| Adhunika hastalikhita pratiyoMmeM aneka pAThAntara to milate hI haiM, kintu judI 2 lekhana paddhatike kAraNa una pAThAntaroMkI utpatti huI hai| isake sivAya ve pAThAntara bahuta upayogI athavA bahuta prAmANika bhI nahIM haiN| kintu purAne samayameM kucha judI hA sthiti honI cAhiye / kyoMki TIkAkAroMne apanI TIkAoMmeM aneka pAThAntaroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jo hAlakI hastalikhita pratiyoMmeM nahIM pAye jaate| isase hamArA mata hai ki vartamAna meM jo sUtrapATha mUla pratiyoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai tathA arvAcIna TIkAkAroMne jise apanI TIkAoMmeM likhA hai vaha TIkAkAroMke dvArA nirNIta kiyA gayA pATha hai| kalpasUtrake sambandhameM to yaha bAta nizcita hai| yaha maiM vizvAsa pUrvaka kaha sakatA huuN| sUtroMkI jo jo TIkAyeM Aja vidyamAna haiM ve saba sIdhe yA paramparA rUpase prAkRta bhASAmeM racI prAcIna cUrNiyoM athavA vRttioMke AdhAra para likhI gaI haiM / ye cUrNiyA~ tathA vRttiyA~ yA to naSTa ho gaI haiM athavA kahIM maujUda haiN| prAcIna TIkAkAroMne mUlasUtroMko bahuta adhika avyavasthita rUpameM pAyA thA ; kyoMki unheM unake bahutase pAThAntaroMko noTa

Page #548
zrutAvatAra 523 karanekI AvazyakatA pratIta huI thii| unameM se bahutase pAThAntaroM ko pIcheke TIkAkAroMne apanI TIkAoMmeM ullikhita kiyA hai| kucha TIkAkAroMne kevala eka hI pAThako svIkAra karake usIko apanI TIkAkA AdhAra banAyA hai| udAharaNake rUpameM uttarAdhyayana sUtrake TIkAkAra devendra gaNIko liyA jA sakatA hai| dUsare kucha TIkAkAra pAThAntaroMko dekhanekI icchAvAloMko usakI cUrNIko dekhaneko sUcanA dete haiM / pramANake rUpameM kalpasUtrake sabase prAcIna TIkAkAra; jinakI TokAko prApta karanemeM maiM saphala huA hUM, jinaprabhamuniko liyA jAsakatA hai| isa liye vartamAna vivecakoMkA uddezya to prAcIna TIkAkAroMne jo sUtra pATha svIkAra kiyA thA, kevala usIkA punaruddhAra karanekA honA caahiye| sAkSAt devaddhi gaNike dvArA pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA pATha to Aja milanA hI azakya' hai|' devaddhi gaNike pazcAt bhI jainasUtroMmeM jo pheraphAra vagairaha huA, vaha Uparake uddharaNase spaSTa haiM / ___ zrI bevarane aMgasAhityake viSayameM eka adhyayanapUrNa vistRta nibandha likhA thA, usakA aMgrejI anuvAda iNDiyana eNTikverImeM prakAzita huA thA / DA0 bebara usa grapake vidvAna the jo jainadharmako bauddhadharmakI zAkhA mAnatA thaa| ata: unakA mata bhI yahA~ de denA ucita hai / unhoMne likhA hai 'DA0 buhalara kI sUcImeM aMkita 45 AgamoMko devarddhigaNine saMkalita kiyA thA aisA DA0 jekovIkA vizvAsa hai (kalpa, pR0 6.) yadi hama isa para aba adhika vicAra na 1. yaha aMza jaina sAhitya saMzodhana bhAga 5 meM prakAzita gujarAtI anuvAda ke AdhArase diyA gayA hai. le0 /

Page #549
"524 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva-pIThikA karanA cAheM to bhI hameM eka satyake rUpameM yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki sambhavatayA devarddhigaNine unheM jisa rUpameM saMkalita kiyA thA, vartamAnarUpa vaha nahIM ho sktaa| mUla siddhAnta granthoMse vartamAna siddhAnta granthoMmeM anya bhI bheda maujUda hai| siddhAnta granthoM meM se na kevala vAkyoM aura vibhAgoMko hI naSTa kiyA gayA..... 'jo ki prAcIna TIkAoMke samayameM vartamAna the, balki bar3I saMkhyAmeM kSepakoMko bhI sammilita kiyA gayA, jo spaSTa pratIta hote haiN| kyA, samasta sambhAvanAoMke anusAra mUla siddhAnta granthoMmeM pUrI tarahase parivartana kiyA gayA hai| merA anumAna hai ki isa parivartanake kAraNoMko zvetAmbara sampradAyakI kaTTaratAke prabhAvameM dekhA jA sakatA hai, jo vibhinna avAntara sampradAyoMke anuyAyioMke prati dina para dina adhika kaThora hotI gii| maujUdA Agama kevala zvetAmbaroMke haiN| dRSTivAdakA ekadama naSTa ho jAnA, nissandeha mukhya rUpase isa tathyase sambaddha hai ki isameM saMghabhedamUlaka siddhAntoM kA sIdhA ullekha thaa| yaha ghaTanA anya aMgoMmeM kiye gaye parivartana, parivarddhana aura lopake lie byAkhyA rUpa ho sakatI hai| anya torthiko aura ninhavoMke viruddha vAdiyoMkI kaThoratA itanI tIkSNa aura kATa karane vAlI hai ki usaparase hama aise niSkarSa nikAlanemeM samartha haiM jo jaina sAhityake itihAsake lie mahatvapUrNa hai|' ( iNDi0 eNTi0, ji017, pR0 286) DA0 vebarake matAnusAra sUkSma nirIkSaNase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki AgamoMkI racanA vyaktike kalyANakI bhAvanAkI apekSA sAmpradAyika kalyANakI bhAvanAko lie hue haiN| isake udAharaNake rUpameM unhoMne 'nagnatA'ko liyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai-'brAhmaNoMne

Page #550
zrutAvatAra 525. (barAhamihirane bhI) nagnatAko jainoMkI mukhya vizeSatA batalAyA hai| aura bauddha ullekhoMke anusAra buddhane nagnatAkA dRr3hatAse virodha kiyA thaa| kintu AgamoMmeM nagnatAkI sthiti mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| tathA kama se kama nagnatAko Avazyaka to nahIM batalAyA hai, jabaki digambara sampradAya use siddhAntake rUpameM mAnatA hai| zvetAmbaroMne (vizeSatayA kalpasUtra meM ) digambaroMke viruddha jo ghRNAbhAva pradarzita kiyA hai, yadi use vicAra koTimeM liyA jAye to yaha nirNaya karanA adUradarzitApUrNa na hogA ki isa viSayameM sambaddha aneka prAcIna paramparAoM ko zvetAmbarIya AgamoMse haTA diyA gyaa| tathApi zvetAmbara bhI isase inkAra nahIM karate ki jina svayaM nagna rahate the| kintu ve dRr3hatA pUrvaka yaha bhI kahate haiM ki jo cIja usa samayake liye ucita thI, vaha vartamAna samayake lie ucita nahIM hai|' ___ jaina paramparAmeM digambara aura zvetAmbarako taraha eka yApanIya saMgha bhI thaa| yaha saMgha yadyapi nagnatAkA pakSapAtI thA tathApi zvetAmbarIya AgamoMko mAnatA thaa| isa saMghake eka AcArya aparAjita sUrikI saMskRtaTIkA bhagavatI ArAdhanA nAmaka prAcIna granthapara hai, jo mudrita ho cukI hai| usameM nagnatAke samarthanameM zrI aparAjita sUrine Agama granthoMse aneka uddharaNa diye haiM jinameM se aneka uddharaNa vartamAna AgamoMmeM nahIM milate / yahA~ do eka uddharaNa diye jAte haiM 1-'dezavisaMvAdino dravyaliGgenAmedino ninhvaaH| boTikAstu sarvavisaMvAdino dravyaliGgito'pi bhinnaaH||" -zrAva0 TI0, mly|

Page #551
526 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA 'tathA coktamAcArAGge sudaM meM aAussatto bhagavadA evamakkhAdaM iha khalu saMyamAbhimukhA duvihA itthIpurisA jAdA havaMti / taM jahAsavvasamaNNAgade NosavvasamaNNAgade ceva / tattha je savvasamaNNAgade thiyA hatthapANIpAde savviMdiyasamaNNAgade tassa NaM No kappadi egamavi vatthaM dhAriu eva parihi eva aNNattha egeNa paDile. hegeNa iti / ' isameM batalAyA hai ki pUrNa zrAmaNyake dhArIko, jisake hAtha para sakSama hote haiM aura saba indriyAM samagra hotI hai-use pratilekhana ke sivAya eka bhI vastra dhAraNa nahIM karanA cAhiye / ' yaha uddharaNa vartamAna AcArAMgameM nahIM miltaa| jabaki anya uddharaNa usameM milate haiN| - isI taraha uttarAdhyayanase bhI kucha padya uddha ta kiye gaye haiM jinameMse kucha vartamAna uttarAdhyayanameM nahIM milte| do padya nIce likhe haiM paricattesu vatthesu rae puNo celamAdie / acelapavare bhikkhU jiNarUpadhare sadA // sacelago sukhI bhavadi asukhI vAvi acelgoN| ahaM to sacelo hokkhAmi idi bhikkhu na ciMtae // inameM batalAyA hai ki vastrako tyAgakara punaH vastra grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| aura jina rUpadhArI bhikSuko sadA acela rahanA caahie| vastradhArI sukhI hotA hai aura vastratyAgI duHkhI hotA hai, ataH maiM sacela rahUMgA, aisA bhikkhuko nahIM socanA caahie| ____aparAjita sUrine kalpa sUtrase bhI aneka padya uddha ta kiye haiM, jo mudrita kalpasUtrameM nahIM milate / zrI zrAtmAnanda jaina sabhA

Page #552
zrutAvatAra - 527 bhAvanagarase prakAzita kalpasUtra bhAga chakI prastAvanAmeM munivara puNyavijayajIne likhA hai ki sthavira agastyasiMha viracita prastuta daza vaikAlika cUrNigrantha aisA alabhya yA durlabhya grantha hai ki jo valabhImeM zrIdevaddhi gaNI kSamAzramaNane saMgha ekatra karake pATha nirNaya kiyA usase pahaleke prAcIna kAlameM jaina AgamoMke pAThoMmeM kitanI viSamatA ho gaI thI, usakA thor3A bahuta vicAra hameM detA hai| Aja bhI vRhatkalpasUtra, nizItha sUtra, bhagavatIsUtra vagairahakI jo prAcIna Adarza pratiyAM apane sAmane vartamAna haiM, unako dekhanese pAThabhedoMkI vividhatA aura viSamatAkA tathA bhASA-svarUpakI vicitratAkA dhyAna A sakatA hai|""apnii vartamAna niyuktiyoM meM pIchese kitanA prakSepa huA hai yaha jAnaneke lie agastyasiMhakI cUrNi ati mahattvakA sAdhana hai| sthavira agastyasiMhakI cUrNimeM dazavaikAlikake prathama adhyayanakI niyukti gAthAeM kevala cauvana haiM, jabaki AcArya zrI haribhadrakI TIkAmeM prathama adhyayanakI niyuktigAthAeM ekasau chappana haiN| samasta dazavaikAlika sUtrakI niyuktigAthAoMkI saMkhyAkA yadi vicAra kiyA jAye to AcAryaharibhadrakI TIkA meM gAthA saMkhyA adhika haiN"| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki valabhI vAcanAke pazcAt bhI Agama sAhityameM bahuta raddobadala kI gaI hai| vartamAna jaina Agama aura digambara paramparA - Aja jo jaina Agama yA aMga sAhitya upalabdha hai use digambara jaina sampradAya mAnya nahIM karatA, yaha sabako vidita

Page #553
jai0 528 hai / sAdhAraNatayA 'vidvAnoMkI aisI dhAraNA rahI hai ki jaba bhadrabAhuke anuyAyI sAdhu dakSiNase lauTakara magadhameM Aye to unhoMne pATalIputra pariSada meM koI bhAga nahIM liyA aura yaha ghoSaNA kara dI ki mUla Agama ekadama naSTa ho gaye / kintu yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta hai / kisI bhI prAcIna digambara jaina sAhitya, paTTAvalI yA abhilekha vagairaha meM zvetAmbarIpa aMga sAhitya ke sambandhameM yA unakI vAcanAoMke sambandha meM koI saMketa taka mere dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| jina kathAoM meM saMghabhedakI carcA hai. unameM bhI aga sAhityakI saMkalanAke viSayameM kucha bhI nahIM kahA gayA hai / ataH yadi yaha kahA jAye ki digambara jaina paramparA isa viSaya meM ekadama mUka hai, to atyukti na hogI / yadyapi apavAda rUpase una para chIMTAkasI karanekA saMketa milatA hai kintu vaha saMketa bhI itanA gambhIra hai, ki hara kisIkI dRSTi vahA~ taka nahIM pahuMca sakatI / ataH ukta dhAraNA ThIka nahIM hai| 0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt aMgajJAnakI paramparA kisa prakAra guru ziSya paramparAke rUpameM pravartita hote-hote lupta huI, isakA svataMtra varNana tiloyapaNNatti, dhavalA, jayadhavalA TIkA tathA zrutAvatAra Adi meM hai / tadanusAra digambara paramparA meM vIra nirvANase 683 varSa paryanta aMgajJAnakI paramparA pravartita rahI hai kintu use saMkalita karane yA lipivaddhakaranekA kabhI koI sAmUhika prayatna kiyA gayA ho, aisA AbhAsa nahIM milatA / Jain Educationa International 1 kai0 hi0 iM0, ji0 1, pR0 148, jai0 naoN0 i0 pR0 221 / 2 'mAMsabhakSaNAdyabhighAnaM zrutAvarNavAdaH / ' - sarvA 0, 0 6, sU0 13 | For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #554
zrutAvatAra 526 yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaba digambara sampradAyameM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke pazcAt bhI aMgajJAnakI paramparA 500 varSa taka cAlU rahI to zvetAmbaroMkI taraha digambaroMne unake saMkalanAdikA prayatna kyoM nahIM kiyaa| isa praznake samAdhAnake liye digambara paramparA aura zvetAmbara paramparAke dRSTikoNameM jo maulika matabheda hameM pratIta huA use hama nIce dete haiN| dvAdazAMga ke athaka meM matabheda donoM paramparAyeM bhagavAna mahAvIrake dvArA upadiSTa dvAdazAMga vANIko Adya jaina sAhitya mAnatI haiN| dvAdazAGgake nAma bhI donoM paramparAoMmeM eka hI haiN| kintu antara yaha hai ki digambara paramparAke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa vANIko unake pradhAna ziSya gautama gaNadharane bAraha aMgoMmeM gUMthA aura apane uttarAdhikArI sudharmA gaNadharako sauMpa diyaa| sudharmAne jambU svAmIko sauMpa diyaa| isa tarahase digambara paramparAkI gurvAvaliyoM meM Adya sthAna gautama gaNadharako prApta hai| kintu zvetAmbara paramparAkI gurvAvali gautama gaNadharase zurU na hokara sudharmAse zurU hotI hai| kalpasUtrakI sthavirAvalImeM likhA hai ki 'bhagavAna mahA 1 ja0 dha0, bhA0 1, pR.84 / / 2 'savve viNaM ete samaNassa bhagavatro mahAvIrassa ekkArasa vi gaNaharA duvAlasaMgiNo caudasapugviNo samattagaNipiDagadhAragA rAyagihe nagare mAsieNa bhatteNa apANa eNa kAla gayA jAva savva. dukkhappahINA, there iMdabhUI there ajja suhamme ya siddhigae mahAvIre 34

Page #555
530 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva-pIThikA vIrake ye sabhI gyAraha gaNadhara dvAdazAMgI, caturdazapUrvI aura samasta gaNipaTakake dhAraka the| rAjagRhImeM mAsika nirjala bhaktake dvArA kAlagata hokara ye sabhI saba duHkhoMse mukta ho gye| sthavira indrabhUti aura sthavira sudharmA ye donoM mahAvIrake nirvANake pazcAt mukta hue| Aja paryanta jo ye zramaNa nirgrantha vihAra karate haiM ye saba Arya sudharmAkI santAna haiM zeSa saba gaNadhara niHsantAnI hue|| __ isa spaSTIkaraNa ke pazcAt sthavirAvalI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya suvarmAse prArambha hotI hai| yahI bAta nandIsUtrake prArambhameM dI gaI sthAvirAvalI meM bhI pAI jAtI hai vaha bhI sudharmAse hI zurU hotI hai| isa taraha zvetAmbara paramparAmeM Aja jo aGga sAhitya pAyA jAtA hai vaha sudharmA ke dvArA usa paramparAko prApta huA thA, gautama gaNadharake dvArA nhiiN| hamane isa bAtako khojanA cAhA ki jaise digambara paramparAke anusAra pradhAna gaNadhara gautamane mahAvIrakI dezanAko aGgoMmeM gUthA vaise zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra mahAvIrakI vANIko sunakara use aGgoMmeM kisane nibaddha kiyA ? kintu khojane para bho hameM kisI khAsa gaNadharakA nirdeza isa sambandhameM nahIM milA / prApta ullekhoM se sAdhAraNatayA yahI pratIta huA ki sabhI pacchA duriNa vi therA parinivvuyA / je ime ajjattAe samaNA niggaMthA viharaMti ee NaM sane ajja suhammassa aNagArassa AvaccijjA. asasesA niravaccA dhucchinnA ||4||-pttttaa0 sa0 pR. 2 / 1 'tava niyamanANarukkhaM prArUTo kevalI amiyanANI / . to muyaha nANavuddhiM bhaviyajaNavivohaNaTTAe /

Page #556
zrutAvatAra 531 gaNadhara vANIko sunakara use zraGgoMmeM nibaddha karate haiN| zAyada isIse gaNadharoMkI vAcanAmeM bhI bheda' honekA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM pAyA jAtA hai / sena prazna meM yaha prazna kiyA hai ki tIrthaGkarake gaNadharoMmeM vAcanA bheda hone para bhI sAMbhogikapanA ( eka sAtha bhojana vyavahAra ) hotA hai yA nahIM, tathA unameM sAmAcArI ( sAdhuoM kA AcAra ) kRta bheda rahatA hai yA nahIM ? isakA uttara diyA hai ki tIrthaGkarake gaNadharoMmeM paraspara vAcanA bheda hone se sAmAcArImeM bhI kitanA hI bheda rahatA hai aura sAmAcArImeM bheda rahane se kucha bhogikatva bhI rahatA hai| isakA zaya yaha hai ki northaGkarake gaNadharoMkI vAcanAe bhinnara hotI haiM aura vAcanA bhinna honese unake AcAra meM bhI bheda rahatA hai aura AcAra meM bheda rahane se paraspara meM eka sAtha khAna pAna karane meM bhI rukAvaTa honA saMbhava hai / ' taM buddhima paDeNa gaNaharA gihiuM niravasesaM / titthayara bhAsiyaM gaMthaMti to pavayaNaTThA // 1065 | " 'tAM ca jJAnakusumavRSTiM buddhayA nito buddhimayastena vimalabuddhimayena paTena gaNadharA gautamAdayo grahItuM gRhItvA''dAya niravazeSAM sampUrNA, tataH tIrthakarabhASitAniM kusumakalpAni bhagavaduktAni vicitrapradhAnakusumamAlAvad grathnanti / - vizeSA0 bhA0 / 1 'tIrthaMkarabhRtAM mitho bhinnavAcanatve'pi sAMyogikatvaM bhavati navA ? tathA sAmAcAryAdikRto bhedo bhavati na veti prazne, uttaram - gaNabhRtAM parasparaM vAcanAbhedena sAmAcAryA api kiyAn bhedaH saMbhAvyate tadbhede ca kathaMcidasAM bhogikatvamapi saMbhAvyate / " - sena0, ullAsa 2, prazna 81 /

Page #557
532 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kalpa'sUtrameM likhA hai ki bhagavAna ke gaNadhara to gyAraha the, kintu gaNa nau hI the| isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue usameM li vA hai ki vAcanA bhedase gaNabheda hotA hai| aura ekahI prakArakI vAcanA lenevAle sAdhu samudAyako gaNa kahate haiM / ataH gaNadharoMkI saMkhyA gyAraha hote hue bhI gaNa nau hI the| antima cAra gaNadharoM meMse do do gaNadharoMkI eka hI vAcanA thii| jyeSTha gaNadhara indrabhUti pAMcasau ziSyoMko vAcanA dete the, isI taraha agnibhUti, vAyubhUti Arya vyakta, Arya sudharmA, pAMcaso pAMcasau ziSyoMko vAcanA dete the| maNDita putra aura maurya putra sAr3he tIna sau zramaNoMko vAcanA dete the| ina sAtoMkI vAcanA pRthaka pRthaka thii| zeSa cArameM se akampita aura acalabhrAtAkI ekahI vAcanA thii| ye donoM cha sau ziSyoMko vAcanA dete the| isI taraha metArya aura prabhAsakI bhI eka hI vAcanA thii| ye donoM bhI chasau ziSyoMko. vAcanA dete the| isa mAnyatA aura saMbhAvanAke prakAzameM jaba hama zvetAmbara paramparAmeM gautama gaNadharakI ziSya paramparAkA abhAva aura sudharmAkI ziSya paramparAkA sadbhAva pAte haiM to manameM yaha AzaGkA honA svAbhAvika hai ki zAyada vAcanA bheda aura sAmAcArI bhedake kAraNa hI to gautama gaNadharako digambara paraMparAmeM aura sudharmAko zvetAmbara paramparAmeM agrasthAna nahIM milA hai ? kintu zvetAmbara paramparAmeM koI AgamavAkya aisA nahIM 1 'teNa kAleNaM teNa samaeNaM samaNassa bhagavazrI mahAvIrassa navagaNA ikkArasa gaNa harA hutthA / ' -kalpa0, 8 vyaa0| 2 'zvetAmbara paramparAmeM gautama gaNadharake dvArA aMgoMke race jAnekA koI nirdeza nahIM hai / sudha ke dvArA hI race jAne kA nirdeza hai-guru jai0 sA0 i0, pR0 22 /

Page #558
zrutAvatAra 533 hai jise gautama gaNadhara kI kRti kahA gayA ho / kintu digambara paramparAmeM aise Agama vAkya haiM jo gautama gaNadhara kI kRti kahe gaye haiM / isa para se yaha saMbhAvanAkI jA sakatI hai ki gautama gaNadhara kA vAramA digamvara paramparAko prApta huA thA / yadyapi digambara paramparAke anusAra aMgajJAnakA pravAha gautama gaNadhara se hI sudharmA aura sudharmA jambUko prApta huA thA aura isa taraha gautama gaNadhara aura sudharmAmeM na koI vAcanA bheda honA saMbhava hai aura na sAmAcArI bheda ho honA saMbhava hai| kintu donoM sampradAyoMmeM eka eka gaNadhara ko hI pramukhatA diye jAnese aura zva etAmbara sAhitya ke ukta ulla khoMse eka anveSaka ke manameM ukta saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai / aura Age hue saMgha bhedameM isakA bhI kucha prabhAva rahA ho, aisI bhI saMbhAvanAkI jA sakatI hai / astu, kintu isake sAthahI yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki vartamAna gamoMko dekhanese patA calatA hai ki unameM se kucha AgamoMkA nirmANa indrabhUti gautamake praznoMkA AbhArI hai / bhagavatIsUtrameM to indrabhUtike dvArA bhagavAnase pUche gaye praznoMkA 1 SaT khaNDAgamake kRti anuyoga dvArake prArambhameM sUtrakAra bhUtabaline 'mo jiNANaM' zrAdi 44 sUtroMse maMgala kiyA hai / ThIka yahI maMgala yoni prAbhRta grantha meM gaNadhara valaya maMtra ke rUpameM pAyA jAtA hai / ina maMgala sUtroM kI TIkA meM vIrasena svAmIne yaha likhA hai ki ye maMgala sUtra gautama gaNadharane mahAkarma prakRti prAbhRtake zrAdimeM kahe haiM / yathA - 'mahAkammapaya DipAhuDassa kadiyAdica ubIsaNiyogAvayavassa AdI godamasAmiNA parUvidasta bhUdaba libhaMDAraeNa veyaNakhaMDasta zrAdIe maMgalaGkaM tado pradUNa Thavidassa' - SaT khaM0 - 50 9, pR0 103 /

Page #559
534 hI bAhulya hai / bar3e AzcaryakI bAta yaha hai ki sudharmA kI paramparAkA saMgha vidyamAna hote hue bhI, aura prastuta AgamoMkI vAcanA sudharmAkI paramparAse prApta honekI mAnyatA hote hue bhI samasta AgamoM meM sudharmA dvArA bhagavAnase pUche hue ekabhI praznakA nirdeza nahIM hai / yadyapi AgamoM meM indrabhUti gautamake pazcAt dUsare nambara para kisI gaNadhara kA varNana milatA hai to vaha Arya sudharmA haiN| Arya sudharmAkA guNa varNana bhI indrabhUti gautama jaisA hI hai / gurvAvalI kI paddhati meM bhinnatA digambara' paramparA meM bhagavAna gautama gaNadhara se lekara vIra nirvANa 683 varSa paryanta hue aMga jJAniyoMke kramase gurunAmAvalI dI gaI hai| kyoMki mahAvIra nirmANa ke pazcAt 683 varSa paryanta hI digambaroMmeM aMgajJAniyoMkI paramparA cAlU rahI / usake pazcAt usa paramparAkA viccheda ho gayA / yadyapi paramparAse hone vAle zrAcAyoMmeM aMgajJAna uttarottara ghaTatA gayA tathApi AMzika jJAnakI paramparA 683 varSa paryanta avicchinna calatI rahI / zvatAmbarIya sthavirAvaliyoMmeM jo nAmAvalI dI gaI hai| vaha yuga pradhAna AcAryoMke kramake anusAra dI gaI hai / usameM bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIke pazcAt sthUla bhadrako antima tara batalAyA hai aura likhA hai ki unheM gyAraha aMgoM aura caudaha pUrvokA jJAna thA / sthUlabhadrake pazcAt koI caturdazapUrvI nahIM huA / antima dasapUrvI vajra svAmI the / vajrasvAmI ke ziSya Arya rakSitako sAr3he nau pUrvokA jJAna thA kramazaH zva etAmvara paramparAmeM bhI pUrvokA lopa ho gayA / kintu isa taraha 1 ja0 60, bhAga 1, pR0 83-84 | jai0 0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA

Page #560
zrutAvatAra 535 gyAraha aMgoMkA jJAna banA rhaa| kintu digamvaroMkI taraha kAla kramase honevAle aMga jJAniyoMkI paramparAkA koI nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparAmeM nahIM miltaa| hAM, bhinna 2 samayoMmeM aMgoMkA saMkalana karanekeliye jo tIna vAcanAe~ huI unakA nirdeza avazya milatA hai aura usa parase yahI vyakta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparAmeM aMga jJAnakA vArasA guruziSya paramparAke kramase eka hI vyakti meM samAviSTa nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| kintu vibhinna vyaktiyoMmeM viprakIrNa rahatA thA-phuTakara phuTakara prasaMga vibhinna vyakti. yoMko jJAta rahate the| isIse una sabako ekatra karaneke liye vibhinna kAloMmeM tIna vAcanAe~ kI gii| bauddhoM meM bhI buddha ke upadezoMko saMgRhIta karaneke lie isI prakAra tIna saMgItiyA~ huI thiiN| pahale likhA gayA hai ki bauddhoMke madhyama mAgakA prabhAva jaina sAdhuoM sukhazIla pakSa para pdd'aa| ataH donoMkI vAcanAoMkI samasaMkhyA dekhakara yaha sandeha honA svAbhAvika hai ki jaina vAcanAe~ bauddha saMgItiyoMkI hI pratikRti to nahIM haiN| ataH donoMko tulanAke lie bauddha saMgItikA vivecanA kiyA jAtA hai| bauddha saMgIti aura jaina vAcanA bauddha paramparAkI tInoM saMgI-tiyA~ kisI durbhikSake kAraNa piTakadharoMke svargavAsa ho jAneke kAraNa nahIM huI, jaisA ki zvetAmbarIya jaina vAcanAe~ huii| prathama saMgItikA kAraNa batalAte hue likhA hai-"usa samaya Avuso ! subhadra vRddha pravrajitane kahA-acchA Avuso ! hama dharma aura niyamakA saMgAna ( sAtha pATha ) kareM, sAmane adharma prakaTa horahA hai, dharma haTAyA jA rahA hai, avinaya prakaTa horahA hai, vinaya haTAyA

Page #561
536 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA jA rahA hai, adharmavAdI balavAna ho rahe haiM, dharmavAdI durbala ho rahe haiM, vinayavAdI hIna ho rahe haiM |"--buddh ca., pR. 548 / ____ isa taraha dharma aura vinayakA hrAsa honeke kAraNa prathama' saMgItikI gaI / dUsarI saMgIti bhI isI kAraNase huii| usa samaya vaizAlIke vajjiputtaka bhikSu uposathake dina kAMsekI thAlIko pAnIse bharakara aura bhikSusaMghake bIcameM rakhakara Ane jAnevAle vaizAlIke upAsakoMse usameM sonA, cA~dI, sikkA DAlane ke liye kahate the aura phira saMcita dravyako ApasameM bA~Ta lete the| AyumAna yazane isa akAryakA virodha kiyaa| isapara se deza-dezAntaroMke sthaviroMko ekatra karake saMgIti kI gii| bu. ca. pR. 556 / tIsarI saMgIti azokake rAjyakAlameM pATalIputra meM huii| usa samaya azokArAmameM bhikSuoMne uposatha karanA chor3a diyA thA 1 bhagavAna buddha ke priyaziSya Anandako bhagavAna ke saba sUtrAnta kaNThastha the| unakI smRti prabala thI iso kAraNase prathama saMgAti meM zrAnandane dharma ( sUtrAnta ) kA pATha kiyA / isI kAragAse sUtrAnta isa vAkyase prArambha hote haiM-'evaM me sutaM' ( aisA maine sunA ) / -isa dUsarI saMgItike samaya bauddha saMghameM bheda ho gayA aura sthavira tathA mahAsAMghika isa prakAra do bheda ho gye| vasumitra ke anusAra sthavira aura mahAsAMghikakA bheda azokake rAjyakAla meM pATalIputra meM huA thaa| cullavagga ke anusAra nirvANake 100 varSake pazcAt saMva meM bheda huaa| isa saMgItike pUrva pazcimake bhikSuSoMne apanI eka sabhA mathurAke pAsa hogaMgameM kI thI,-bau0 dha0 da., pR. 35 /

Page #562
zrutAvatAra 537 aura sAta varSataka uposatha nahIM huA thaa| taba azokane sthaviroMko AmaMtrita karake yaha mAmalA unake sAmane rakhA aura taba tIsarI saMgIti huI, jisameM nau mAsa lge| isa saMgItike pazcAt azokakA putra mahendra laMkA gayA aura 'tripiTakakI pAlI (paMkti) aura usakI aTThakathA, jinheM pUrvameM mahAmati bhikSu kaNThastha karake laMkA legaye the, prANiyoMkI ( smRti-) hAni dekhakara bhikSu. oMne ekatra ho, dharmakI cirasthiti ke liye, pustakoMmeM likhAyA' (bu0 ca0, pR0 580) / aura isa taraha tIna saMgItiyoM ke pazcAt laMkAmeM tripiTakoMko pustakArUr3ha kiyA gyaa| bauddha saMgItikA paricaya karAneke pazcAt aba hama jaina paramparAkI ora Ate haiM vijJoMse yaha bAta ajJAta nahIM hai ki jaise mahAvIrake gyAraha gaNadhara the, jo mahAvIrake upadezoMko saMkalita karake aMgoMmeM nibaddha karate the, vaise buddhake koI gaNadhara nahIM the| buddha samayasamayapara upadeza dete the, kintu unake upadezoM ko tatkAla prathita karanekA bhAra kisIke sapurda nahIM thA; hA~ satata sAtha rahanevAle unake ziSya sAtha rahate-rahate unake upadezoMko jAne aura yAda rakkheM yaha bAta bhinna hai| __ prathama saMgItike samaya buddhake anyatama anuyAyI Ananda sthavira bhI upasthita the| jaba saMgItike liye sthavira bhikSuoMkA cunAva hone lagA to bhitu oMne mahAkazyapako kahA-'bhante ! yaha Ananda yadyapi zaikSya ( an-arhat ) hai to bhI chanda (rAga ) dveSa, moha, bhaya agati ( bure mArga) para jAneke ayogya haiN| inhoMne bhagavAna buddhake pAsa bahuta dharma ( sUtra ) aura vinaya prApta kiyA hai isaliye bhante ! sthavira AyuSmAnako bhI cuna leM |'-bu0 ca0,

Page #563
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA pR3 548 / ataH buddha ke pazcAt isa prakArake sthavira bhikSuoMko ekatra karake dharma aura vinayake rUpameM buddhake upadezoMkA saGkalana karanA ucita thaa| kintu mahAvIra bhagavAnake to eka do nahIM, gyAraha gaNadhara the-jinakA mukhya kAma bhagavAnake upadezoMko smaraNa rakhakara tatkAla aMgoMmeM grathita karanA thaa| aura athita karaneke pazcAt kisI yogya ziSyako sauMpakara usakI paripATIko kAyama rakhanA bhI eka mukhya kArya thaa| isI paripATIke anusAra dvAdazAMga zruta avikala rUpameM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuko prApta huaa| digambara mAnyatAke anusAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukA svargavAsa dakSiNameM huA aura unakA uttarAdhikAra unake ziSya govardhanAcAryako prApta huaa| yadyapi sakala zrutajJAnakA viccheda to zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke sAthahI hogayA, tathApi gautama gaNadharase jo paramparA cAlU huI thI ki aMgazrutako pravAhita karaneke liye use usake yogya uttarAdhikArIko sauMpa diyA jAye, vaha 683 varSa paryanta taka cAlU rhii| ___ zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra zrutakelI bhadrabAhuke jIvita rahate hue bhI unakI anupasthitimeM hI gyAraha aMgoMkA saGkalana pATalIputra meM kiyA gayA / aura cU~ ki caudaha pUrvokA jJAna bhadrabAhu ke sivAya anya kisIko nahIM thA isIse pUrvokA jJAna prApta karane keliye unake pAsa kucha sAdhuoMko bhejA gayA / isaparase yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki yadi bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI jIvita the aura unheM dvAdazAMga zruta avikala rUpase prApta thA to sAdhusaMghako ekatra karake usakI smRti ke AdhArapara gyAraha aGgoMko saMkalita karanekI jaldI kyoM kI gaI aura durbhikSake kAraNa

Page #564
zrutAvatAra 536 bahutase sAdhuoMke svargata hojAne para bhI zruta kevalI bhadrabAhuke rahate hue zrutavicchedakA bhaya kaise saMbhava thA ? yaha bhaya to unake svargavAsa honepara hI sambhava hai / isake sivAya zrutakevalIke jote hue bhI usakI upekSA karake anya AMzika zrutadharoMkI smRtike AdhAra para aGgoMkA saMkalana karanA spaSTa hI zrutakevalIkI avahelanA hai| aura isa prakArase saMkalita kiye gaye aGgoMko pramANa hI kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? digambara tathA vizeSatayA zvetAmbara sAhityase yaha prakaTa hotA hai jaisAki Age batAyA jAyagA-ki aGgoMko apekSA pUrvokA vizeSa mahattva thA / zvetAmbara sAhityake anusAra to pUrvose hI aGgoMkA nikAsa huA hai| aura usa samaya pUrvadhara kevala eka zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu the / pUrvoko vAcanAko lekara hI unakA pATalIputrake saMgha se manamuTAva huA thaa| kalpasUtra-sthavirAvalIke anusAra yazobhadrake do ziSya the sambhUta vijaya aura bhadrabAhu / tathA sambhUtavijayake ziSya sthUlabhadra the / pATalIputrI vAcanA se pUrva sambhUti vijayakA svargavAsa ho cukA thA aura isaliye bhadrabAhu hI yuga pradhAna the| sthUla bhadra to eka tarahase zaikSya the| kyoMki pATalIputrI vAcanAke pazcAt pUrvokA adhyayana karaneke lie jo sAdhu samudAya zramaNa saMghane bhadrabAhuke pAsa bhejA thA usameM sthUlabhadra bhI the, aura unhoMne hI unase dasa pUrvokA avikala jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| kintu sthUlabhadrane gyAraha aGgoMkA jJAna kisase prApta kiyA yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA / yadi usa samaya sthUlabhadra gyAraha aGgoMke vettA the taubhI aMgoMkA saMkalana karaneke liye pATalIputrI vAcanAkI AvazyakatA nahIM thI, kyoMki sthUlabhadrako unakA

Page #565
540 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA avikala jJAna thaa| aura yadi sthUlabhadrane apane guru sambhUti vijayase gyAraha aGgoMkA bhI jJAna prApta nahIM kiyA thA to spaSTa hI vaha pATalIputrameM saMgRhIta kiye gaye gyAraha aGgoMke hI pAThI the-paramparAse pravAhita ekAdazAMga vettA nahIM the| sthUlabhadrako lekara itanA likhanekI AvazyakatA isaliye huI ki jaise zvetAmbara paramparAmeM gautama gaNadharakI ziSya paramparAkA abhAva hai vaise hI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukI ziSya paramparAkA bhI abhAva hai| sambhUtivijayake pazcAt unakI sthavirAvalI sthUlabhadrase hI pracalita hotI hai ! RSimaNDalasUtrameM bhadrabAhuko stuti eka hI gAthAke dvArA kI gaI hai kintu unake uttarAdhikArI sthUlabhadrakI stuti bIsa gAthAoMke dvArA kI gaI hai| ___ bhadrabAhukI stutimeM unheM 'apacchima sayalasuyanANi' kahA hai| jisakA sIdhA anuvAda 'antima zrutakevalI' hotA hai| kintu 'apacchima'kA anuvAda 'pazcima-antima-nahIM aisA bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki zvetAmbara paramparAmeM sthUlabhadrako' bhI zrutakevalI mAnA hai| ataH bhadrabAhuko upAntya ( antimase pahalA ) zrutakevalI ginA jAtA hai| sthUlabhadrane pUrvokA jJAna zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuse kisa prakAra prApta kiyA thA, isakA varNana hemacandrane pariziSTa parvake navama sargameM kiyA hai| usakA sAra yaha hai ki 1. dasakappavavahArA nijjUDhA jeNa navama puvAao / vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM tamapacchimasayalasuyanANiM // " 2. 'zayyaMbhavo yazobhadraH sambhUtavijayastataH // bhadravAhuH sthUla, bhadrAzratakevalino hi SaT |'-abhi. ci0, kA0 1, zloka0 33-34 //

Page #566
zrutAvatAra 541 'pATalIputrameM saMghane gyAraha aGgoMkA saMkalana karaneke pazcAt bArahaveM dRSTivAda aGgako prApta karaneke lie 500 sAdhuoMko bhadrabAhuke pAsa bhejA, jo usa samaya nepAla meM the| una sAdhuoMmeM sthUlabhadra bhI the| bhadrabAhune usa samaya 'mahAprANa' nAmaka vrata dhAraNa kiyA thA isaliye vaha apane ziSyoMko pUrvokI bahuta thor3I vAcanA de pAte the| tathA pUrva kaThina bhI the aura vistRta bhI the| ina kAraNoMse eka sthUla bhadrake sivAya zeSa saba sAdhu vahA~se cale gye| kevala sthUlabhadra ne dasa pUrvokA adhyayana kiyaa| kintu usake eka sadoSa vyavahArase asantuSTa hokara bhadrabAhune unheM cAra pUrvokI vAcanA denese inkAra kara diyaa| jaba sthUlabhadra ne bahuta prArthanA kI aura apane doSoMkI kSamA mAMgI taba bhadrabAhu ne unheM cAra pUrvokI kevala sUtrarUpase vAcanA dI; unakA artha nahIM batalAyA / ataH sthUlabhadra' sampUrNa zruta jJAnI nahIM the| kharatara gacchakI paTTAvalImeM bhI likhA hai ki sthUlabhadrane do vastu hIna dasa pUrvoko to sUtra aura artha rUpase par3hA thA kintu antake cAra pUrvoko artha rUpase nahIM par3hA thaa| prAcIna paramparAke anusAra bhadrabAhu hI antima zru ta kevalI the| pIchese sthUlabhadrako bhI zruta kevaliyoMmeM ginA jAne lgaa| isa taraha sthUlabhadrane bhadravAhuse jo pUrvokA jJAna prApta kiyA, vaha to Age calakara lupta ho gayA aura zeSa gyAraha agoMkA 1. 'samastagaNi piTakadhArakAH, gaNo'syAtIti gaNI-bhAvAcAryaH tasya piTakamiva ratnakaraNDakamiva gaNipiTakaM-dvAdazAMgI, tadapi na dezataH sthUlabhadrasyeva, kintu ? samastaM-sarvAkSarasannipAtitvAt taddhArayanti sUtrato'rthatazca ye te tathA |-klp0 subo0, pR. 185 /

Page #567
542 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA unhoMne jo jJAna prApta kiyA, vaha pATalIputrI vAcanAmeM saMkalita kiye gaye gyAraha aMga the| unameM antima sakala zrutajJAnI bhadravAhukA koI yogadAna nahIM thaa| ataH ve anadhikArI zrata. dharoM ke dvArA saMkalita honese mAnya kaise kiye jA sakate the / unhIMke AdhArase zvetAmbara paramparAmeM Age calakara vartamAna Agama saMkalita kiye gye| ___ hameM to ukta AzaMkAoMke prakAzameM pATalIputra meM huI vAcanAkI bAta kevala bauddha saMgItikA anukaraNa mAtra pratIta hotI hai; kyoMki jaina saMgha aura bauddha saMghakI vyavasthAmeM prArambhase hI maulika antara rahA hai| prathama bauddha saMgItikA varNana karate hue AcArya narendradevane likhA hai___ "jahA~ pahale saMghakA adhikAra thA, vahA~ aba pramukhakA adhikAra ho gyaa| saMgha triratnoMmeM se eka thaa| bhikSu aura upAsaka saMghameM zaraNa lete the, na ki kisI AcArya yA pramukha meM / pramukhako saMghake nirNayoMko kAryAnvita karanA par3atA thA, vaha apane mantavyoMko saMgha para lAda nahIM sktaa| ataH dIpavaMzameM saMgha svayaM saMgItike sadasyoMko cunatA hai| kintu dIpavaMza aura cullavaggake anusAra mahAkAzyapane 500 arhatoMko pravacanakA saMgraha karaneke liye cunA / azokAvadAnameM bhI pramukha prAcAryoM kA cunAva saMgha nahIM karatA hai....kintu eka AcAryase dUsare AcAryako adhikAra hastAntarita hote haiN| purAne samayameM saMghakA jo Adhipatya thA vaha AtA rahA aura pramukhoMkA adhika.ra kAyama ho gyaa|"-bau0 dha0 da. pR0 12-13 / / kintu jaina paramparAmeM prArambhase hI pramukha AcAryakA cunAva saMghake dvArA na hokara AcAryase hI dUsare AcAryako adhikAra

Page #568
zrutAvatAra 543 hastAntarita kiyA jAtA thaa| zvetAmbara sampradAyameM bhI yahI paramparA rahI hai| sudharmA svAmIne apane ziSya jambUko, jambUne prabhavako, prabhavane zAyaMbhava ko, aura zAyaMbhavane yazobhadrako svayaM hI apanA uttarAdhikArI cunA thaa| kintu pATalIputravAcanAmeM hama saMghakA hI prAdhAnya pAte haiN| usa vAcanAkA koI pramukha nahIM thA jaba pUrvokI vAcanA deneke Upara bhadrabAhuse kucha saMgharSa ho gayA to saMghakI orase hI unake pAsa daNDa. vidhAnakI AjJA preSita kI gaI thii| isake nirNayake liye Ayazyaka cUrNi, tityAgAlI painnA aura pariziSTa parva Adiko dekhA jA sakatA hai| kintu digambara paramparAmeM aMgajJAnakA uttarAdhikAra guru ziSya paramparAke rUpameM hI pravAhita hotA huA mAnA gayA hai / usake anusAra aMgajJAnane kabhI bhI sArvajanika rUpa nahIM liyaa| Avalikramase guruke dvArA jise usakA uttarAdhikAra prApta huA, vahI usakA prAmANika adhikArI samajhA gyaa| usane isa viSayameM jana-janakI smRtiko pramANa nahIM maanaa| isIse digambara paramparAmeM aMgajJAnako sAmUhika rUpase saMkalita karanekA na kabhI prayatna kiyA gayA aura na aise prayatnako sarAhA gyaa| ukta vizleSaNase pAThaka samajha sakeMge ki digambara paramparAmeM zvetAmbara sampradAyakI taraha aMgoMke saMkalanakA samUhika prayatna kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA aura kyoM digambaroMne ukta rItise saMkalita AgamoMko mAnya nahIM kiyaa| isase yadyapa unakI apAra kSati huii|

Page #569
zrutaparicaya aba hama zva tAmbarIya tathA digambarIya sAhityake AdhAra para dvAdazAMga zrutakA arthAt zrutake bAraha aMgoMkA paricaya dete haiN| nAma ... inakA mUla nAma to aMga hai, unakI saMkhyA bAraha honese unheM dvAdazAGga' kahate haiN| vaise zarIrake avayavoM ko aMga kahate haiM / sAdhAraNatayA zarIrameM ATha aMga mAne gaye haiM-do hAtha, do paira, nitamba, pRSTha, chAtI, sira / kintu bAraha aGgoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai ataH zratarUpa parama puruSa ke aGgoMke tulya honese dvAdazAGga kahate haiN| digambara sAhityameM inhe zrata devatAkA aGga kahA hai| 1-"nalayA bAhU ya tahA niyaMba puTThI uro ya sIso ya / aTeva du aMgAI dehe sesA uvNgaaii||" -karmakANDa go| 2-"zrutarUpasya paramapuruSasyAGgAnivAGgAnobAcArAGga dIni yasmin tat dvAdazAGgam |"-nndii0 TI0 pR-163 pUrvA / 3-'bAraha aGgaggijjhA viliymlmuuddhdNshucilyaa| vivihavaracaraNabhUsA pasiyau suyadevayA suiraM // . -dhava0, pu0 1 pR06 aMgagaMgabajbhaNimmI praNAimajhataNimmalaMgAe / suyadevaya abAe~ Namo sayA cakkhumahayAe // 4 // - - ja0 dha0 bhA0 1, pR0 3 //

Page #570
zrutaparicaya 545 aGgako Agama bhI kahate haiM / zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vartamAna gyAraha aGga Ajakala Agamake nAmase hI prasiddha haiM / jo paramparAsera calA AyA ho use zrAgama kahate haiM / anuyoga dvAra sUtra meM Agamake tIna bheda kiye haiM- AtmAgama anantarAgama aura paramparAgama / tIrthaGkara kevalajJAnake dvArA svayameva saba padArthoM ko jAnate haiM isa lie unake arthako AtmAgama kahate haiM / gaNadharoMke dvArA race gaye sUtroMko sUtrAgama kahate haiM / una sUtroM kA jJAna gaNadharoMke liye AtmAgama hai kyoMki unhoMne svayaM unakI racanA kI hai| kintu una sUtroMmeM nibaddha artha kA jJAna anantarAgama hai kyoMki usa arthakA jJAna unheM tIrthaGkara ke upadezase prApta hotA hai / isI taraha gaNadharoMke ziSyoMkA sUtrajJAna anantarAgama hai, kyoMki vaha unheM gaNadharoMse prApta hotA hai / tathA unake artha kA jJAna paramparAgama hai kyoMki tIrthaGkaroMse arthakA jJAna gaNadharoM ko prApta hotA hai, aura gaNadharoMse unake ziSyoMko prApta hotA hai / isa liye paramparAse prApta honeke kAraNa use paramparAgama kahate haiM / gaNadharoMke ziSyoMse jo artha jJAnakI paramparA calatI hai vaha na to AtmAgama hai aura na anantarAgama hai / vaha saba paramparAse prApta hone ke kAraNa paramparAgama hai / vyavahAra sUtrameM prathama AcArAMgasUtra se lekara aSTama pUrva paryanta aGgoM aura pUrvoko tA zruta kahA hai aura navama Adi zeSa pUrvoko Agama kahA hai / isa bher3akA kAraNa yaha batalAyA 1 - se kiM taM zrAgame ? duvihe paNNace, taM jahA - loIe alouttarie a |'''''''se kiM taM louttarie ?...duvAlasa~gaM gaNipiDagaM / ' - anu0, pR0 192 / 2 - ' gurupAramparyeNAgacchatIti zrAgamaH / - anu0 TI0, sU0 147 / 35

Page #571
546 jai0 sA0 I0 pU0 pIThikA hai ki jisase atIndriya padArthoM kA jJAna ho use zrAgama kahate haiM / yadyapi navama Adi pUrva bhI zruta haiM kintu kevala jJAnakI taraha atIndriya padArthoM kA viziSTa jJAna karAne meM kAraNa hone se unheM Agama hI kahate haiM / prathama AcArAMga se lekara aSTama pUrva paryanta zeSa zrutake dvArA atIndriya padArthoMkA vaisA jJAna nahIM hotaa| isaliye use kevala zruta kahate haiN| isa taraha zrutase AgamakA vizeSa mahatva batalAyA' hai / yahAM yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki samasta Agamika sAhityako zruta' bhI kahate haiM / 'zruta" kA artha hotA hai 'sunA huA' arthAt tIrthaGkaroMse sunakara gaNadhara AgamoM kI racanA karate haiM / ataH mUlataH 'zruta' hone ke kAraNa vaha 'zruta' kahalAyA / isake viSaya meM pahale vizeSa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 3 Upara kahA gayA hai paramparAse Aneke kAraNa Agama kahate haiM / to prazna hotA hai paramparAse zrAgata vastu zabdarUpa hai athavA 1 'gampante atIndriyAH padArthA yena sa zrAgama iti vyutpatteH, navama pUrvAdInAM zrutatvAvizeSe kevalajJAnAdivadatIndriyArtheSu viziSTa - jJAnahetutvena sAtizayatvAdAgamatvenaiva vyapadeza: / zeSazrutasya tu nAtIndriyArtheSu tathAvidho'vabodhastato 'smin zrutavyavahAraH / " - abhi0 rA0 zrAgama' zabda | 1 " 2 ' tadAvaraNakSayopazame sati nirUpyamANaM zrUyate'neneti tat zRNoti, zravaNamAtraM vA zrutam / - sarvArtha0 a0 1-6 sU0 / 'zrutazabdoM'yaM zravaNamupAdAya vyulAdito'pi kasmiMzcid jJAnavizeSe vartate / - sarvA0, 120 / 3' kevalizrutasaMghadharmadevAvarNavAdo darzanamohasya | 13 | - tatvArtha0, 06 /

Page #572
547 zrutaparicaya artharUpa / arthAt tIrthaGkara jo upadeza dete haiM kyA gaNadharoMke dvArA prathita aMgoMmeM vaho upadeza akSarazaH rahatA hai athavA usa upadezameM pratipAdita arthako lekara gaNadhara use bhASAkA rUpa dekara nibaddha karate haiM ? dhavalA' meM kartAke do bheda batalAye haiM-arthakartA aura grNthkrtaa| bhagavAna mahAvIrane jo arthakA kathana kiyA use indrabhUti gautama gaNadharane tatkAla bAraha aMgoM aura caudaha pUrvarUpa granthoM meM rcaa| ataH bhAvabhu take aura artha padoMke kartA to mahAvIra bhagavAna hue aura grantharUpa zru take kartA gautama gaNadhara hue / isa taraha grantha racanAkI paramparA pravartita huI / vizeSAvazyaka2 meM likhA hai ki tIrthaGkararUpI kalpavRkSase jo jJAnarUpI puSpoMkI dRSTi hotI hai unheM lekara gaNadhara mAlAmeM gaeNtha dete haiN| isa para yaha prazna kiyA gayA ki aisI sthiti meM to tIrthaGkarake kathanako hI zruta kahanA caahie| gaNadharake dvArA racita sUtroMmeM usase koI vizeSatA nahIM pratIta hotI ? 1 'evaMvidho mahAvIro athakartA / ... "tado bhAvasudassa atthapadANaM ca titthayaro kattA / titthayarAdo sudapajjAeNa gautamo pariNadotti darasudasta godamo kattA / tatto gaMtharayaNA jAdA |'-dhv0, pu01, pR0 64-65 / 2 'taM nANa kusuma buddhiM ghetuM vIyAibuddho svv| gaMthaMti pavayagaTThA mAlA iva cittakusumANaM // 1111 // vize0 bhaa0| 3 'jiNabhaNii ciya suttaM gaNaharakaraNammi ko viseso tya ? te tadavikkhaM bhAsai, na u vittharo suyaM kiMtu // 1118 // vize0 bhA0 /

Page #573
548 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA uttara diyA gayA ki tIrthaGkarakA kathana saMkSipta hotA hai| vaha dvAdazAMgarUpa nahIM hotaa| usako lekara gaNadhara sUkSma padArthoMkA vivecana karane vAle aura mahArthaM dvAdazAMgakI racanA karate haiN| isIse dvAdazAMgako sUtra bhI kahate haiM; kyoMki jo gaNadharake dvArA kahA gayA ho vaha sUtra hai| usI prakAra jo pratyekabuddhoMke dvArA, zrutakevAliyoMke dvArA yA abhinna dasapUrviyoMke dvArA kahA gayA ho use bhI sUtra kahate haiN| cU~ki dvAdazAMgakI racanA gaNadhara karate haiM isa lie unheM sUtra kahate haiM / ____ jayadhava'lAmeM isa para yaha zaMkA kI gaI hai ki-'jisameM alpa akSara hoM, sandehotpAdaka na ho, jisameM sAra bhara diyA ho, jisakA nirNaya gUr3ha ho, jo nirdoSa ho, sayuktika ho aura tathya 1 'to suttameva bhAsai atthappaccAyagaM, na nAmatthaM / gaNahAriNo taM. ciya kareMti ko paDiviseso'ttha // 1121 / / so purisAvikkhAe thovaM bhaNai na bArasaMgAi / attho tadavikkhAe sutta ciya gaNaharANaM taM 11122 / aMgAi suttarayaNA niravekkhoM jeNa teNa so atyo / ahavA na sesapavayaNahiyautti jaha bArasaMgamiNaM / / 1123 / / pavayaNahiyaM puNa tayaM jaM suhagahaNAi gnndhrehito| vArasavihaM pavattai niuNaM suhumaM mahatthaM ca // 1124 // ' -vize0 bhA0 2 'suttaM gaNadharagathidaM taheva patteyabuddhakahiyaM ca / sudakevaliNA kahiyaM abhiNNadasapuvvagadhidaM ca // 34 // ' -bha0 zrArA0 / 3 'alpAkSaramasaMdigdhaM sAravad gUDhanirNayam / nirdoSa hetumattathyaM sUtramityucyate budhaiH / ' edaM savvaM vi sucalakkhaNaM jiNavayaNakamala viNiggaya atthapadANaM ceva saMbhai Na gaNaharamuhaviNiggayagaMtharayaNAe tattha mahAparimANuttavalaMbhAdoNa saka ( sutta ) sAricchamassidUNa tattha vi suttataM paDi virohaabhaavaado|' -ja0 dha0, bhA0 1, pR0 154 /

Page #574
zrutaparicaya bhUta ho, use vidvAna sUtra kahate haiN|' yaha sampUrNa sUtra lakSaNa to tIrthaGkarake mukhase nikale hue arthapadoMmeM hI saMbhava hai, gaNadharake mukhase nikalI huI grantha racanAmeM nahIM, vaha to bar3I vistRta aura vizAla hotI hai| isakA yaha samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai ki gaNadharake vacana bhI sUtrake samAna hI hote haiM isIlie unheM bhI sUtra kahanemeM koI virodha nahIM aataa| SaT khaNDAgamake kRti anuyoga dvArakI dhavalA TIkAmeM vIrasena svAmIne tIrthaGkarake mukhase nikale hue bIja padoMko to sUtra kahA hai kyoMki unameM sUtrakA ukta lakSaNa ghaTita hotA hai aura gaNadhara devake zru tajJAnako sUtrasama kahA hai kyoMki vaha una bIja padarUpI sUtroMse utpanna hotA hai| _ aGgoM aura pUrvoko siddhAnta bhI kahate haiN| jekobI, bebara Adi videzI lekhakoMne apane lekhoMmeM zvetAmbarIya AgamoMkA nirdeza siddhAnta' zabdase hI kiyA hai| isa prakAra aGgoM aura pUrvoko Agama, paramAgama, sUtra, siddhAnta' Adi nAmoMse pukArA gayA hai / zvetAmbara AgamoM meM eka nAma nayA milatA hai aura vaha nAma 1 'idi vayaNAdo titthayaravayaNaviNiggaya vojapadaM sutaM / teNa suttaNa samaM vAde uppajaditti gaNaharadevammi hida sudaNANaM suttasamaM / -dhavalA. pu06, pR0 256 / 2--'tathA siddhAntasya paramAgamasya sUtrarUpasya' / -sAgAra0 TI0 a07, zlo0 50 /

Page #575
550 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0pIThikA hai 'gaNipiDaga' / 'duvAlasaMga gaNipiDagaM' nirdeza upAMgoMmeM prAyaH milatA hai| gaNI gaNadharako kahate haiM aura 'piDaga' kahate haiM pittaareko| ata: 'gaNi piDaga'kA artha hai-gaNadharakA piTArA yA pettii| ___ bauddha pAlinikAyako tripiTaka' kahate haiN| tripiTaka zabda prAcIna hai| prathama zatAbdIke zilAlekhoMmeM 'tepiTaka' zabdakA prayoga hai| piTakakA artha hai 'pittaaraa'| tIna piTaka honese tripiTaka kahe jAte haiN| jaina aGgoMke lie 'gaNipiTaka' zabdakA prayoga usIkI anukRti pratIta hotA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya para bauddhoMkA prabhAva par3A, yaha hama pahale batalA Aye haiN| bauddhoMkI taraha hI zvetAmbaroMmeM bhI tIna vAcanAeM huiiN| aura bauddha tripiTakoMke pustakArUr3ha honeke 100 varSa pazcAt valabhImeM zvetAmbara Agama pustakArUr3ha kiye gye| ina sabako yadi anukRti na bhI mAnA jAye to bhI piTaka zabda to avazyahI unakI anukRti pratIta hotA hai| digambaraparamparAmeM isa nAmakA saMketa taka bhI nahIM miltaa| __ina saba nAmoMmeM sabase prAcIna nAma aGga hI pratIta hotA hai kyoMki khAravelake zilAlekha kI 16vIM paMktimeM 'muriyakAlavocinaM ca coyaTrI aMga satikaM turIyaM kA ullekha hai jo mauryakAla meM vicchinna hue aGgakA sUcaka hai / 1-'icceiyaMmi duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage'--nandi0, pR0 246 / 'kaI vihe NaM bhaMte gaNipiDae NaM paNatta ? goyamA! duvAlasaMge gaNipiDae paNatta / ' -bhaga0 25 zadeg 3 u0 / 2 bau0dha00, pU0 27 / 3-ja0vi00ri0so0, ji0 pR0 236 /

Page #576
zrutaparicaya bAraha aMgoMke nAma AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakAdhyayana, antakRdaza, anuttaropapAdikadaza, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra aura dRSTivAda, ye bAraha aMgoMke nAma donoM sampradAyoMmeM samAna haiN| ina bAraha aMgoMmeMse jo antima bArahavA~ aMga thA, vaha ukta gyArahoM aMgoMse bahuta vizAla to thA hI, mahattvapUrNa bhI thaa| usIke pA~ca bhedoMmeMse eka bheda pUrva thA aura pUrva ke caudaha bheda the| ina pUrvokA mahattva zeSa gyAraha aMgo se bahuta adhika thA aura inhIMke kAraNa bArahavA~ aMga dRSTivAda sabase mahattvazAlI mAnA jAtA thaa| dRSTivAdakA mahattva bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayameM bhI saMskRta bhASAkA pracAra thaa| veda aura vaidika sAhityakI bhASA saMskRta hI hai| isIse dharmakI bhASA saMskRta hI mAnI jAtI thii| kintu mahAvIra aura buddhane lAka bhASAko hI apane upadezoMkA mAdhyama banAyA, jise saba koI sugama rItise samajha sakatA thaa| phalataH jaina aMgoM aura pUrvokI bhASA prAkRta thii| zvetAmbara sAhityameM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki jaina siddhAnta prAkRta bhASAmeM hI kyoM race gaye ? uttarameM kahA gayA hai ki bAla, strI, aura manda buddhiyoMke anugrahake liye jaina siddhAntoM kI racanA prAkRtameM kI gaI hai| vijJoMse yaha bAta ajJAta nahIM hai ki digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyameM jina tIna mukhya bAtoM ko lekara matabheda hai, unameMse eka strI mukti hai| digambara sampradAya striyoMkI mukti nahIM mAnatA arthAt strI muktilAbha nahIM kara

Page #577
552 sakatI / kintu zvetAmbara sampradAya striyoMko bhI muktikA adhikArI mAnatA hai / parantu zvetAmbara sampradAya meM ' striyoMko dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMgake adhyayanakA adhikAra nahIM thA / dRSTivAdako chor3akara zeSa gyAraha aMgoMko strI, bAlaka Adi saba par3ha sakate haiN| balki dRSTivAdakA paThana niSiddha honese striyoMko bhI kucha zruta pradAna karaneko bhAvanAse hI gyAraha aMga race gaye / jai0 0 sA0 i0 pU0 pIThikA isase dRSTivAdakA mahattva aura zeSa gyAraha aMgoM kI sthiti para pUrva prakAza par3atA hai / digambara paramparA meM gyAraha aMgoM se bArahave aMga dRSTivAdakA mahattvakA nahIM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai kintu gyAraha aMgoM kI apekSA caudaha pUrvokA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna avazya batalAyA gayA hai / aura caudaha pUrvoke kAraNa hI dRSTivAdakA vAstavameM mahattva thA pUrvokA mahattva digambara paramparA meM AcArya zrI kundakundane zrutakevatI bhadrabAhukA jayaghoSa karate hue unheM bAraha aMgoM aura caudaha pUrvokA 1. 'muttU diTThavAyaM kAliya-ukkAliyaMga siddhataM / thI- vAlavAyaNatthaM pAiyamuiyaM jiNavarehiM / ' -- cAra dinakara meM uddhRta / 'nanu strINAM dRSTivAdaH kimiti na dIyate ? ityAha- 'tucchA gArava bahulA caliMdiyA duvvalA ghiIe / iya isesajjharayaNA bhUyAvAzro ya no thINaM / / 552 / / TIkA - zranugrahArthaM tAsAmApi kiJcat zrutaM deyamityekAdazAGgAdiviracanaM saphalamiti gAthArthaH / --vize0 bhA0 / 2. 'bArasa zrRGgaviyANa' cauddasa pubbaMga viulavittharaNaM / suyaNANi bhaddabAhu gamayagurU bhayavanoM jayaU ||62|| - bodha pA0 (SaT prAbhRtAdi0) /

Page #578
553 zru taparicaya jJAtA kahA hai| isI taraha AcArya yati' vRSabhane bhI bhagavAna mahAvIrake pazcAt honevAle pA~ca zrutakevaliyoMko caudasapuvvI aura bArasa aMgadhara kahA hai / ina donoM prAcIna mahAna digambarAcAryoMke dvArA bArasa aMgadhara ke sAtha 'caudasa putvI' kA pRthak ullekha na kevala gyAraha aMgoMse, apitu bArahaveM aGga dRSTivAdameM bhI pUrvokA mahattva khthApana karatA hai| gyAraha aGga aura caudaha pUrvoke grahaNase bhI dvAdazAMgakA grahaNa ho sakatA hai aura usase bhI pUrvokA mahattva vyakta hotA hai / kintu dvAdazAMgakA grahaNa karake bhI pUrvokA pRthak grahaNa karanA pUrvoke svatantra astitva, svatantra mahattva aura svatantra vaiziSTayako vyakta karatA hai| ___ AcArya yati vRSabhane zrutakevaliyoMke pazcAt honevAle gyAraha AcAryoko 'dasaputrI' kahA hai| isakA matalaba yaha hai ki ve AcArya gyAraha aGgoM aura dasapUrvoke vettA the| isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki jo pUrvavettA hotA thA vaha gyAraha aGgoMkA vettA hotA hI thaa| saMbhavatayA gyAraha aGgoMke jJAnadAnake pazcAt hI pUrvokA jJAna diyA jAtA thaa| aura isIliye mahattvazAlI hote hue bhI pUrvokI gaNanA antameM kI gaI hai| SaTakhaNDAgamake vedanA khaNDa ke kRti anuyogadvAra ke prArambha meM sUtrakAra bhUtabaline 'Namo jiNANaM' Adi 44 sUtroMse maMgala kiyA hai / ThIka yahI maMgala yoniprAbhRta granthameM gaNadhara valayamantra ke rUpameM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha grantha dharasenAcAryane apane ziSya puSpadanta aura bhUtabalike liye racA thA aisA kahA jAtA hai| ukta 44 maMgala sUtroMmeMse dUsare maMgala sUtra 'Namo ohijiNANaM' 1 - 'paMca ime purisavarA caudasapuvvI jagammi vikkhAdA / te bArasa aGgadharA titthe siri vaDDamANassa // 1483 // ' -ti0 pa0 a0 4 /

Page #579
554 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA kI utthAnikAmeM TIkAkAra zrI vIrasena svAmI ne likhA hai ki mahAkarma prakRti prAbhRtake prArambhameM gautama gaNadharane ye maMgala sUtra race the| ina maMgala sUtroMmeMse do sUtra isa prakAra haiM- Namo dasa pubbiyANaM // 12 // ' aura "Namo codasa pubbiyANaM // 13 // " inameM dasapUrviyoM aura caturdazapUrviyoMko namaskAra kiyA hai| ina donoM sUtroMkI dhavalATIkAmeM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki sabhI aGga aura pUrva jinavacana honese samAna haiN| taba sabakA nAma lekara namaskAra kyoM nahIM kiyA, dasa pUrviyoM aura caturdaza pUrviyoMko hI namaskAra kyoM kiyA ? isakA uttara dete hue likhA hai ki yadyapi jinavacana rUpase sabhI aGga aura pUrva samAna haiM. tathApi dazaveM vidyAnupravAda aura caudaveM lokabindusAra pUrvokA vizeSa mahatva hai, kyoMki inakA dhArI devapUjita hotA hai tathA caudaha pUrvokA dhAraka mithyAtvako prApta nahIM hotA aura na usa bhavameM asaMyamako hI prApta hotA hai| ___Namo dasa pubbiyANaM' // 12 // sUtrakI dhavalA TIkAmeM dasa pUrvI ke do bheda kiye haiM-eka bhinna dasapUrvI aura eka abhinna dasa puurvii| Age likhA hai ki 'gyAraha aMgoMko par3hakara pazcAt parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata aura cUlikA, ina pAMva adhikAroMmeM nibaddha dRSTivAdako par3hate samaya utpAda pUrva Adike kramase par3hane vAloMke dazama pUrva vidyAnupravAdake samApta hone para sAta sau kSudra vidyAoMse anugata rohiNI Adi pAMca sau mahA 1-'jiNavayaNattaNeNa savvAMgapuvvehi sarisate saMtevi vijjANuppavAdalogarvidusArANaM mahallamatthi ettheva devapUjovalaMbhAdo / coddasa pubaharo micchattaNa gacchadi, tamhi bhave asaMjamaM ca Na paDivajjadi, ema! edassa viseso'| -SaTkhaM pu0 9 pR0 71 / 2-paTkhaNDA0, pu0 6 pR0 66 /

Page #580
zru taparicaya 555 vidyAe~ 'bhagavan ! kyA AjJA hai, aisA kahakara upasthita ha tI hai| isa prakAra upasthita huI saba vidyAoMke pralobhanameM jo zrA jAtA hai vaha bhinna dasapUrvI hai| kintu jo karmakSayakA abhilASA hokara pralobhanameM nahIM AtA vaha abhinna dasapUrvI kahalAtA hai| yahA~ abhinna dasapRviyoMko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai kyoMki bhinna dasa pUrviyoMke mahAvrata khaNDita ho jAte haiN| ___ isa taraha digambara paramparAmeM bhI gyAraha aMgoMse pUrvokA vizeSa mahatva mAnA jAtA thaa| __ zvetAmbara paramparAmeM gyAraha aMgoMse dRSTivAda kA vaiziSTaya pahale batalA Aye haiN| ataH pUrvokA mahattva to spaSTa hI hai| 'nandi sUtrameM bhI likhA hai ki caturdaza pUrvI aura abhinna dasa pUrvI kA jo dvAdazAMga jJAna hai vaha samyak zruta hai, anyoM kA dvAdazAMga jJAna samyaka bhI honA saMbhava hai aura mithyA bhI honA saMbhava hai| bAraha varSake bhayAnaka durbhikSake pazcAt java pATalI putrameM aMgoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA to gyAraha aMgoM kA to saMkalana ho gayA kintu pUrvokA kiJcit aMza bhI saMkalita nahIM ho sakA; kyoMki usa samaya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke sivAya koI anya pUrvajJAtA nahIM thaa| jaba saMgha kI prArthanA para bhadrabAhune pUrvokI vAcanA denA svIkAra kiyA taba pAMca sau sAdhu unake pAsa pUrva par3haneke liye bheje gaye / eka sthUla bhadrake sivAya zeSa saba sAdhu ghabarAkara bhAga khar3e hue| akele eka sthUlabhadra DaTe rhe| yaha pahale likhA hai| 1-'iccebaduvAlasaMgaM gaNIpiDagaM coddasa pUThibassa samma suzra abhiNNa dasapuvvissa sammasutra, teNa paraM bhieNesu bhayaNA, se taM smmsua|| 41 ||-nndi0, pR0 162 /

Page #581
jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA dasa pUrvokA adhyayana karaneke pazcAt dhyAna samApta honese bhadravAhu svAmI pATalI putra A gye| unake sAtha sthUlabhadra bhI A gye| sthUlabhadra kI bhaginI anya AryikAoMke sAtha apane bhAIse milane gii| kintu sthUlabhadrake sthAna para eka siMhako baiThe dekhakara Darakara bhaagiiN| isa taraha dasa pUrvI honeke pazcAt sthUlabhadra vidyAoMke pralobhanameM A gye| jaisA ki Upara bhinnadasa pUrvI ke liye kahA hai| isIse bhadrabAhune unheM zeSa cAra pUrvAMkI vAcanA denA banda kara diyaa| poche sthUlabhadrake kSamA mAMgane para vAcanA dii| __ pUrva nAma kyoM ? - zvetAmbara sAhityameM pUrvoko pUrva nAma denekA kAraNa batalAte hue likhA hai ki sabase prathama gaNadhara pUrvokI racanA karate haiM isaliye unheM pUrva kahate haiN| aisA bhI ullekha milatA hai ki tIrthaGkara jaba tIrtha kA pravartana karate haiM to sabase prathama pUrva 1---'pUrva pUrvANyevopanibadhnAti gaNadharaH ityAgame zrUyate, pUrvakaraNAdeva caitAni pUrvANyabhidhIyate / ' ___ --vize. bhA. gA. 551 kI utthAnikA ( TIkA hema.) 'samastazrutAt pUrva karaNAt pUrvANi / ' sthA. TIkA, sUtra 263 / 2----atha kiM tat pUrvagatam ? ucyate-yasmAt tIrthaGkarAH tIrthapravatanAkAle gaNadharANAM sarvazrutadhAritvena pUrvagatasUtrArtha bhASate, tasmAt 'pUrvANi' iti bhnnitaani| gaNadharAH punaH zrutaracanAM vidadhAnAH zrAcArAdikrameNa racayanti sthApayanti ca-- 'sarvAGgebhyaH pUrva tIrthakakarairabhihitatvAt pUrvANi'-abhi.ci.TI., 2-160 /

Page #582
zrutaparicaya 557 gata sUtroM kA artha karate haiM / isa liye unheM pUrva kahate haiM / kalpa ' sUtra meM likhA hai ki 'pUrva (prathama) race jAneke kAraNa, mahA pramANa vAle hone ke kAraNa tathA aneka vidyA aura maMtroMkA bhaNDAra honeke kAraNa pUrvokA prAdhAnya hai / isa taraha akhaNDa jaina paramparA meM dRSTivAda tathA pUrvokA vizeSa mahattva thA / dRSTivAdakA lopa digambara tathA zva etAmbara paramparA meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu paryanta dvAdazAGga avikala rUpase surakSita the / madravAhuke avasAnake sAtha hI pUrvokA lopa honA prArambha huaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra zruta kevalI bhadrabAhuke pazcAt koI caturdazapUrva jJAtA nahIM huaa| bhadravAhuke uttarAdhikArI vizAkhAcArya kevala dasapUrvI the / antake cAra pUrva zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke sAtha hI lupta ho gaye / yadyapi zva etAmbara paramparA meM bhadrabAhu zrutakevalIke pazcAt sthUlabhadrako bhI chaThA zrutakevalI mAnA hai / isake viSaya meM pahale likha Aye haiM / tathApi unake sAtha cAra pUrva vicchinna ho gaye / digambara sAhitya ke anusAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuke pazcAt guruziSyaparamparAke kramase 183 varSa meM gyAraha AcArya dasa pUrvI hue / arthAt ve gyAraha aMgoM aura dasa pUrvoke jJAtA the tathA zeSa cAra pUrvo ke eka deza jJAtA the / inake bAda do sau | 1 -- 'dvAdazAGgitvaM' ityetenaiva caturdazapUrvitve labdhe yatpunaretadupAdAnaM tadaGgeSu caturdaza pUrvANAM prAdhAnyakhyApanArthaM, prAdhAnyaM ca pUrvANAM pUrvaM praNayanAt anekavidyAmaMtrAdyarthamayatvAt mahApramANatvAcca / ' - kalpa. subo, pR. 185

Page #583
jai0 sA0 i0 pU0pIThikA bIsa varSa meM pA~ca AcArya sampUrNa gyAraha aMgoM ke tathA caudaha pUrvoke eka deza ke jJAtA hue| unake pazcAt eka sau aTThAraha varSa meM cAra AcArya sampUrNa AcArAMga ke sAtha hI sAtha zeSa aMgoM aura pUrvoke eka dezake jJAtA hue| isa taraha cha sau tirAsI varSa paryanta arthAt vikramakI dvitIya zatAbdIke pUrvArdha taka digambara paramparAmeM aMgoMke sAthahI sAtha pUrvokA bhI eka dezajJAna pravartita rahA / aura antameM dharasena svAmIne pUrvokA vizakalita jJAna bhUtabali aura puSpadantako diyA, jinhoMne paTkhaNDAgama sUtroMko nibaddha kiyaa| zvetAmbara paramparAmeM sthUla bhadrake pazcAt mahAgirI suhastIse lekara vajrasvAmI paryanta dasapUrvI hue / vajrasvAmIke pazcAt koI dasapUrvI nahIM huaa| sthAvirAvalIke anusAra vi0 saM114 meM vajrasvAmI svargavAsI hue| tatpazcAt dubba liyA ( vi0 saM0 146) ke samaya h| pUrva zeSa the| durvalikA puSyamitra aura unake guru Arya rakSitako nau pUrvI kahA hai / jisa samaya ( vi0 ni0 980) valbhInagarImeM devarddhi gaNi ne aMgoMko pustakArUr3ha kiyA usa samaya kevala eka pUrva zeSa thA / pazcAt vaha bhI lupta ho gyaa| isa taraha zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra vIra nirvANake eka hajAra varSe bItane para pUrvokA lopa ho gyaa| aura pUrvoke sAtha hI bArahavA aMga dRSTivAda bhI lupta ho gyaa| kyA dRSTivAdakA lopa jAna bUjhakara kiyA gayA ? DA0 vebara ne zvetAmbarIya Agamika sAhityake viSayameM eka vistRta AlocanAtmaka nibandha likhA thA jisakA anuvAda 1-mahAgiri suhastyAdyA vajrAntA dazapUviNaH // 34 ||'-abhi0 ci0, 1 kaa|

Page #584
zru taparicaya 556 iNDiyana eNTIka rImeM prakAzita huA thaa| usameM unhoMne yaha likhA hai ki dRSTivAdakA lopa jAna bUjha kara kiyA gyaa| yahA~ usake sambandha meM vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| ____ yadyapi zvetAmbaroMke chaThe, AThaveM aura dasaveM aMgoMmeM caudaha pUrvokA ullekha milatA hai, tathApi dRSTivAdakA ullekha cauthe 'samavAyAMgake sivAya anya aMgoMmeM nahIM miltaa| hAM, upAMgoMse vAraha aMgoMkA astitva avazya prakaTa hotA hai / yadyapi 8 se 12 taka ugaMgoM meM, jo anya upAgoMse prAcIna mAne jAte haiM, 11 aMgoM kA hI ullekha hai| kintu prathama upAMga aupapAtika meM caudasapunnI, aura 'duvAlamaMgino pada AtA hai, tathA caturtha upAMga ke ArambhameM diTThovAa' aura 'puvvasuyaM' pada AyA hai / inake sivAya upAMga 5 aura 7, pUrvokA pAhur3oM meM vibhAjana batalAte haiM tathA upAMga 6 ke anusAra pUrvokA vastuoMmeM vibhAjana thaa| ataH aMgoMkI apekSA upAMgoMse pUvoMke sambandhameM vizeSa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA bAraha aGgoMko taraha bAraha' upAMga 1-'navaraM sAmAiyamAiAI cohasapunnAI ahijaI'-antagaDa0, pR07| 2-'duvAla saMge gaNi piDage "diTThIvAe |'-smvaa0, pR0136 / 3-'sAmAiyamAiyAi ekkArasa aGgAI-nirayA0, pR0 31, 4-'duvAlasaMgiNo samattagaNipiDagadharA,-aopa0, sU0 16 / 5-aupapAtika; rAyapaseNI, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, sUrya prajJapti, jambUdvIpa prajJapti, kalpikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA puSpacUlikA aura vRSNidazA ye bAraha upAga haiM / naM 8 se 12 takako nirayAvalI kahate haiM /

Page #585
560 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA bhI mAnatI hai aura aGgoMkA upAMgoMke sAtha ghaniSTa sambandha bhI svIkAra karatI hai| isa parase DA0 vebara ne yaha anumAna kiyA thA ki jisa samaya vartamAna bAraha upAMgo kI sthApanA kI gaI, arthAt gyAraha aGgoko pustakArUr3ha karate samaya vI. ni. rU0680 meM bArahoM aGgokA astitva thA / phalataH dRSTivAda bhI usa samaya vartamAna thA athavA vartamAna mAnA jAtA thaa| ___ DA0 vebarane likhA hai ki 'pUrvoke lopakI ukta sUcanAke bAvajUda bhI samavAyAMga tathA nandisUtrameM hama dRSTivAdakI vistRta viSayasUcI pAte haiN| sambhavatayA samavAyAMgameM yaha aMza pIchese jor3A gayA hai aura nandisUtrase hI liyA gayA jAna par3atA hai|' ____samavAyAMga aura nandisUtrake sivAya mahAnizItha, anuyoga dvAra aura Avazyaka niyuktimeM bhI 'duvAlasaMgaM gaNipiDagaM'kA ulla kha prAyaH AyA hai| ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina granthoMke samayameM dRSTivAda vartamAna thA, tathA akhaNDa thA; kyoMki usake khaNDita honekA koI nirdeza unameM nahIM hai| paramparAke anusAra vIra nirvANake 170 veM varSameM bhadravAhu svargavAsI hue| kintu do granthoMmeM, jinameM 'duvAla saMgaM gaNi piDagaM" nirdeza milatA hai, aise kAlakA ullekha hai jo 400 varSa pazcAtkA hai, ataH DAkTara vebarakA kahanA hai ki pATalIputra meM aMgoMke saMkalana Adi kI samasta paramparA mujhe bauddhoMke azoka dvArA bulAI gaI saMgIti AdikI anukRti mAtra hI lagatI hai, aura isalie usakI vizvasanIyatAkA dAvA koI mUlya nahIM rkhtaa|' isa viSayameM hama 1-'Where as in two of the tescts, which mention the DUVALSNGAMGANIPID AGAM'

Page #586
zrutaparicaya 561 apane vicAra pahale likha Aye haiN| upAMga chai jambUdvIpa prajJapti kI TIkAmeM TIkAkAra zAnticandrane kucha prAcIna' gAthAe~ dI haiM jo DA. vebarane apane lekhameM uddhRta kI haiN| una gAthAoMmeM kevala chai aMgoM aura tIna cheda sUtroMkA nirdeza karake yaha there are contained dates which refer to a period later by 400 years. The whole legend appears to me after all to be nothing more than an imitation of the Budhist legend of the council of Ashok etc. And thus to have little claim to credence. i0 e0 ji0 17 pR0 276. / 1-'tivarisapariyAgasta u aAyArapakampanAmamajjhayaNaM / caUvarisassa ya samma sUyagaDaM nAma aMgaM ti // 1 // dasakappavavahArA saMvaccharapaNagadikkhiyasse vaa| thANaM samavAzro ciya aMga ete aTThavAsassa // 2 // dasavAsassa vivAho egArasavAsagassa ime u| khuddiyavimANamAe ajjhayaraNA paMca NAyavvA // 3 // vArasavAsassa tahA aruNovAyAi paMca ajjhayaNA / terasavAsassa tahA uhANa suyAiyA cauro // 4 // coddasa vAsassa tahA zrAsIvisabhAvaNaM jiNA veti / pannarasavAsagassa ya diTThAvisabhAvanaM tahA ya // 5 // solasavAsAIsu ya eguttarabuDDiaisu jaha saMkhaM / cAraNa bhAvaNamaha suviNa bhAvaNA te aganisaggA // 6 // egUNa vAsagassa dihivAzro duvAla saMgaM / saMpunnavIsavariso aNuvAI savvasuttassa ci // 7 // '

Page #587
562 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA batalAyA hai ki dIkSA leneke kitane varSoke pazcAt kisa granthako par3hanA caahiye| hameM vyavahAra sUtra meM usI prakArakA kathana milA hai| jisakA Azaya isa prakAra hai-tIna varSake dIkSita nirgrantha zramaNako AcAra prakalpa nAmaka adhyayana par3hAnA ucita hai| cAra varSake dIkSita nirgrantha zramaNako sUtrakRtAMga par3hAnA ucita hai| 1-'tivAsa pariyAyassa samaNyassa NiggaMthassa kappaha zrAyArakapa nAmaM ajjhayaNe uddisittae // 21 // cauvAsa. kappai suyagaDe nAmaM aMge uddisittae / // 22 // paMcavAsa pariyAyassa0 kappati dasAkappavavahArA aoddisittae vi // 23 // aTThavAsa pariyAyassa0 ThANasavamavAe uddisittae / 24 / / dasavAsa pariyAgassa0 vivAhe nAma aMgaM uddi0 // 25 / / ekkArasa vAsa pariyAgasta0 khuDDiyA vimANavibhatti mahalliyA vimANapavittI aGgacUliya vaMgacUliyA vivAhacUliyA nAma ajjhayaNamuddisittae // 26 / / vArasavAsa pariyAgassa0 aruNovavAe gahalovavAe varuNovavAe vesamaNovavAe veladharovavAe nAma ajjhayaNaM uddisiuM // 27 // terasavAsa pariyAgassa0 uTThANasue samuTThANasue deviMdovavAe NAga pariyAvaNiyAe // 28 / ca udasapariyAgassa0 sumiNabhAvaNa nAmaM ajjhayaNamuddisittae / // 26 // paNNarasavAsapariyAyassa0 cAraNabhAvanA nAmajjhayaNamuddisittae / / 30 // solasavAsapariyAyassa0 tenisaggA nAma ajjhayaNamu0 // 31 // sattarasavAsapariyAyassa0 zrAsIvisamAvaNA0 // 32 // aTThArasavAsa0 diTThivisabhAvaNa nAmamajjhayaNamuddisittae // 33 // eguNavIsavAsa0 dihivAya nAmaga * uddisittae // 34 // visativAsa pariyAe samaNe niggaMthe savvasuyA. guvAtI bhavati // 34 ||-vyvhaar0 sU0, 103. /

Page #588
zrutaparicaya 563 pAMca varSake dIkSita nirgrantha zramaNako dasA-kalpa vyavahAra par3hAnA ucita hai / ATha varSake dIkSit nigraMtha zramaNako sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga par3hAnA ucita hai| dasa varSake dIkSita zramaNako vyAkhyA prajJapti nAmaka aMga par3hAnA ucita hai| gyAraha varSa ke dIkSita nigrantha zramaNako kSudra vimAna vibhakti, mahAvimAna vibhakti, aMgacUlikA, vaMga (varga) cUlikA, aura vivAha cUlikA nAmaka adhyayana par3hAnA ucita hai| bAraha varSake dIkSita nirgrantha zramaNako aruNopapAta varuNopapAta, garuDopapAta, belaMdharaupapAta, aura vaizramaNopapAta nAmaka pAMca adhyayanoMko par3hAnA ucita hai / teraha varSa ke dIkSit nigrantha zramaNako utthAna zruta, samutthAna zruta, devendro - papAta aura nAgapariyApanikA par3hAnA ucita hai / caudaha varSa ke dIkSita nigrantha zramaNako svapna bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana par3hAnA ucita hai / pandraha varSa ke dIkSita nigrantha zramaNako cAraNa bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana par3hAnA ucita hai / solaha varSa ke dIkSita nigrantha zramaNako tejonisarga nAmaka adhyayana par3hAnA ucita hai / sataraha varSake dIkSita nigrantha zramaNako azIviSa bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana par3hAnA ucita hai / aTThAraha varSake dIkSita nigrantha zramaNako dRSTi viSabhAvanA par3hAnA ucita hai / unnIsa varSake dIkSita nigrantha zramaNako dRSTi vAda nAmaka aGga par3hAnA ucita hai / isa prakAra bIsavarSakA dIkSita nirgrantha zramaNa samasta zrutakA pAThI hotA hai / zAnticandra ke dvArA udbhuta gAthAoM meM tathA ukta sUtroM meM AcAra sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vyAkhyA prajJapti aura dRSTivAda nAmaka kevala hai zraGgoM kA hI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai- zeSa kA nahIM kiyA gayA / unake sivAya jinakA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, donoMke nirdezoM meM unakoM lekara kucha antara hai / gAthAoMke anusAra caudaha varSa ke

Page #589
564 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva-pIThikA dIkSitako AzIviSabhAvanA, pandraha varSake dIkSitako dRSTiviSabhAvanA aura solaha varSake dIkSitako cAraNa bhAvanA,sataraha varSake dIkSitako mahAsvapna bhAvanA aura aTThAraha varSake dIkSitako tejo nisarga bhAvanA, par3hAnA ucita hai| kintu vyavahAra sUtrake anusAra caudaha varSake dIkSitako svapna bhAvanA, pandraha varSake dIkSitako cAraNa bhAvanA, solaha varSake dIkSitako tejonisarga bhAvanA, satraha varSake dIkSitako AsIviSa bhAvanA aura aTThAraha varSake dIkSita ko dRSTiviSa bhAvanA par3hAnA ucita hai| isa antarakA kAraNa kyA hai hama nahIM vaha sakate / ___ DA. vebarakA kahanA hai ki ukta gAthAoMmeM aGgoMke sivAya jo ATha nAma pAye jAte haiM ve nandisUtrameM nahIM hai| ataH ina gAthAoMkA nirmANa usa samaya huA thA, jaba vartamAna AgamoMke avaziSTa bhAga unameM sammilita nahIM kiye gaye the aura unakA sthAna lupta hue una ATha adhyayanoMne le rakhA thA, jinakA nirdeza ukta gAthAoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| ___ hama nahIM samajhate ki DA0 vebara jaise bahudarzI vidvAnane yaha kaise likhadiyA ki ukta gAthAoMmeM chai aGgoMke sivAya jo anya ATha nAma diye haiM, ve nandIsUtrameM nahIM haiN| Age hama nandisUtrake anusAra zrutake bhedoMkA vivecana kreNge| unameM kAlika zrutake bhedoMmeM prAyaH ukta sabhI nAma diye hue haiN| ye saba aGga sAhitya na hokara aGgavAhya sAhitya thaa| ___ isI taraha DA0 vebarane ukta gAthAoMko prAcIna batalAyA he kyoMki unameM dRSTibAda nAma AyA hai aura isa lie gAthAoMke racanA kAlake samaya dRSTivAdakA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu ukta gAthAe~ haribhadrasUrike pazcavastuka nAmaka granthase

Page #590
zrutaparicaya 565 uddha takI gaI hai| zAnticandane jambadvIpa prajJaptikI TIkAmeM iti paJcavastuka sUtre' likhakara svayaM isa bAtako svIkAra kiyA hai| haribhadra sUrikA samaya IsAkI AThavIM zatAbdI sunizcita hai usa samaya dRSTivAda nahIM thaa| phira bhI haribhadra sUrine jo paJcavastuka kI ukta gAthAoM meM uktagranthoMke paThana pAThanakA kAla batalAyA hai vaha avazya hI unheM paramparA prApta honese prAcIna honA caahie| unhoMne svayaM use svIkAra kiyA hai| __ zvetAmbara sAhityameM aGgoMkA nirdeza karane vAle vAkyoMke kaI rUpa milate haiN| kintu DA0 bevara ne do kA hI nirdeza karate hue likhA hai-jahA~ kahIM bAraha aGgoM ke nAma ginAye haiM to pahalA aGga kA nAma 'AcAra' diyA gayA hai| kintu jaba aGgoM kA nirdeza saMkhyAparaka na hokara sAdhAraNa rIti se kiyA gayA hai taba unakA nirdeza 'sAmAyika, Adi karake kiyA gayA hai / yathA'sAmAiyamAIyaM suyanANaM jAva viMdusArAo (aav0ni063)| anuyogadvAra sUtra, Avazyaka sUtra aura nandisUtra meM 'duvAla saMga gaNi piDagaM' kA varNana karate hue AcAra ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| kahIM para bhI prathama aGga kA nAma sAmAyika nahIM batalAyA, AcAra hI sarvatra batalAyA hai| isa taraha se do prakAra kA nirdeza dekhakara DA. vebara ko bar3A Azcarya huA thaa| unhoMne likhA hai ki 'sAmAyikako Adi lekara gyAraha aGgoMkA nirdeza karanevAle vAkya yadi AcArako lekara bAraha aGgoMkA kathana karane vAle vAkyoM se prAcIna haiM to yaha svataH siddha hai ki gyAraha aMgoM 1-kAla kameNa pattaM, saMvacchara mAhaNAao jaM jammi / taM tammi ceva dhIro vA paJjAsoya kAlo yaM // 581 ||-pnycv0 2- iM0 eM0, ji0, 17, pR0 262 Adi /

Page #591
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA meM bAda ko bArahavA~ aMga milAyA gayA hai / vAstava meM to bArahavA~ aMga bahuta pahale naSTa ho cukA thaa| kevala isa sthiti se hama yaha anumAna kara sakate haiM ki dRSTivAda tathA zeSa jyAraha aMgoM ke madhya meM eka prakAra kA virodha tathA eka sunizcita asambaddhatA thii| usI ke kAraNa dRSTivAda ko lupta honA pdd'aa| apane isa kathana ke samarthana meM hamAre sanmukha Aja bhI pramANa haiN|' dRSTivAda aura zeSa gyAraha agoM ke madhya meM sthita virodha aura asambaddhatA kA pradarzana karane se pahale hama ukta do prakAra ke vAkyoM ke sambandha meM thor3A sA prakAza DAla denA ucita samajhate haiN| Ava ni0 meM (gA0 63 meM ) ukta vAkyameM zrutajJAna ko sAmAyika se lekara vindusAra paryanta batalAyA hai| zrutajJAnameM sampUrNa zruta kA samAveza hotA hai / zruta ke do bheda haiM- eka aMga paviTTha aura dUsarA aNaMga paviTTha yA aga bAhya / ina donoM meM aga paviThTha' ko hI dvAdazAMga zruta jJAna kahate haiN| vaha gaNadharoM ke dvArA grathita hotA hai usake avikala jJAtA zruta kevalI kahalAte haiN| dUsarA bheda aNaMga paviTTha yA aMga bAhya-apane 2-taM jahA-aMgapaviTTha aMgabAhiraM ca / se kiM taM aMgabAhiraM ? aMga bAhiraM duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-zrAvassayaM ca zrAvassayavairittaM ca / se kiM taM zrAvassayaM ? zrAvassayaM chabbihaM paNNAtaM / taM jahAM-sAmAiyaM cauvIsatyatro, vaMdaNayaM, paDikkamaNaM kAussaggo paccakkhANaM, setta zrAvassayaM....'-nandI, sa. 44 / 'zrutaM mati pUrva dvayaneka dvAdaza bhedam // 20 // tatvA' sU0 a0 1 / 'sutAvAsa gamAdI coddasa puvvINa taha jiNANaM ca // 185 ||'-vy0 sU0, 6 u0 /

Page #592
567 zrutaparicaya nAmake anusAra dvAdazAMgase bAhya hotA hai aura usakI racanA pArAtIya puruSa karate haiM / isa taraha zruta ke bhedoM meM mukhya aMga paviThTha hI hai / kintu varNana karate samaya pahale aNaMga paviTTha yA aMga bAhyako sthAna diyA gayA hai, tatpazcAt kramazaH aga paviTTha ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara tathA digambara donoM sampradAyoMke sAhityameM prAyaH yahI krama dekhane meM AtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAmeM agabAhyake do mUla bheda haiM Avazyaka aura Avazyaka atirikta / tathA Avazyaka ke chai bheda haiM jinameM prathama bheda kA nAma sAmAyika hai| aba yadi agabAhya kA kathana kiyA jAye to vaha sAmAyika Avazyakase prArambha hogA / udhara aga paviThTha ke bAraha bhedoM meM antima bArahavA~ bheda dRSTivAda hai| aura dRSTivAdake pA~ca bhedoMmeM pramukha caudaha pUrva haiM / aura antima caudahaveM pUrva kA nAma loka bindusAra hai jisakA saMkSipta nAma bindusAra bhI hai| ataH zruta' sAmAyika se lekara bindusAra paryanta jAnanA caahiye| usameM aga bAhya aura agapaviTTha donoMkA samAveza ho jAtA hai| 1-'tat zruta jJAnaM sAmAyikamAdiryasya tat sAmAyikAdi yAvat vindusArAt-vindusAraM yAvat, bindusArAkhya caturdazapUrvaparyantamityarthaH / ' Ava0 ma0 TI0, pR0 116 / 'tacca zruta jJAnaM sAmAyikAdi vartate, carayApratipattikAle sAmAyikasyaivAdau pradAnAt / yAvad vindusArAditi vindusArAbhidhAnaM caturdaza pUrvaparyanta mityarthaH |-vishessaa* bhA0, he0 TI0, gA0 5126 /

Page #593
568 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA digambara paramparA ke siddhAnta granthoM kI TIkA' dhavalA aura jayadhavalA2 meM zru takA varNana sAmAyikase lekara vindusAra paryanta hI kramase kiyA gayA hai / ataH DA0 vevara ne Ava0 ni0 kI jisa gAthAMza kI uddha ta kiyA hai usameM zruta jJAna ko lekara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| tathA jahA~ dvAdaza gaNi piDagakA nirdeza hai vahA~ AcArAMgako Adi lekara nirdeza hai; kyoMki bAraha agoM meM prathama aMga AcAra aura antima aga dRSTivAda hI sarvatra batalAyA hai| aAvazyakanimeM jo sAmAyikako Adi lekara kathana kiyA hai, so vahA~ sAmAyika AcArakA sthAnApanna nahIM hai, jaisA ki DA0 vevara ne samajhA hai / kintu jaise dvAdazAMga meM AcArakI mukhyatA hone se use prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai vaise hI aGga bAhyameM sAmAyika Adi SaDAvazyakoM kI mukhyatA hai aura SaDAvazyakoM meM bhI sAmAyika kI mukhyatA hai kyoM ki AcAra dhAraNa karate samaya sarva prathama sAmAyika saMyama hI dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| ____ hAM, nirayAvalImeM sAmAyika Adise lekara bhI ekAdazAMga paryanta hI grahaNa kiyA hai, dRSTivAdako chor3a diyA hai, kintu usakA kAraNa vaha nahIM hai jo DA0 bebarane samajhA hai| vahA~ dRSTivAdako grahaNa na karanekA kAraNa zAstrIya paramparA hai| usa vAkyameM batalAyA hai ki-'padma nAmakA anagAra (muni) bhagavAna 1-'atyAhiyAro duviho, aMgabAhiro aMgapaiTTho cedi / tattha agabAhisya cauddasa atyAhiyArA taM jahA sAmAiyaM / -SaTakhaM0, pu0, 1, pR066 / aMgamaNaMga midi be atthAhiyArA, sAmAiyaM...coddasavihamaNaMgasudaM"-SaTakha0, pu0 6, pR0 188- / 2-ka0 pA0, bhA0 1, pR067|

Page #594
zrutaparicaya 566 mahAvIrake anuyAyI sthavira anagAroMke pAsa sAmAyikako Adi lekara gyAraha aGgoMko par3hatA thA / ' yaha ghaTanA mahAvIrake samayakI hai| yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra ekAdazAMgako saba koI par3ha sakate the ataH unakA jJAna sabako rahatA thA, kintu dRSTivAdakA adhyayana aura jJAna sabake lie sulabha nahIM thaa| zAyada isIse nirayAvalImeM bindusAra paryanta kA grahaNa na karake ekAdazAMgakA hI grahaNa kiyA hai| ataH dRSTivAdako pIchese sammilita kiye jAnekA jo anumAna DA0 bebarane kiyA thA, vaha ThIka pratIta nahIM hotaa| jaina siddhAnta meM bhinna bhinna dRSTiyoMse bhinna sthAnoM para vibhinna prakArase kathana karanekI paramparA hai| una dRSTiyoMko samajhe binA unakI saGgati nahIM baiThAI jA sakatI / astu / isa prakAra DA0 vebarane zvetAmbarIya sAhityase prApta ullekhoM ke AdhAra para dRSTivAdakA astitva pramANita karanekI ceSTAkI thii| taba yaha prazna padA hotA hai ki dRSTivAda yadi vartamAna thA to unakA lopa kyoM kiyA gayA ? isake uttarameM DA0 bebarane likhA hai-'nizcayapUrvaka hama kamasekama yaha nirNaya karane meM samartha haiM ki bArahaveM aGga aura zeSa gyAraha aGgoMke madhyameM gambhIra antara thaa| hema candra ke pariziSTa parva tathA anya srotoMse yaha spaSTa hai ki dRSTivAdake yathArtha pratinidhi bhadrabAhu the aura pATalI. putrameM ekatra jainasaMghase unakA virodha ho gayA thA / bArahaveM aMgake uddharaNoMmeM surakSita varNanoMse isa virodhake kAraNoMkI jAMca kI jA sakatI hai| unake anusAra dRSTivAdake pAMca bhedoMmeM se prathama do bhedoMmeM anya viSayoMke sivAya AjIvika aura trairAzika nAmaka 1-60 eM0, ji0 17, pR0 339.340 /

Page #595
570 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA do virodhI dRSTiyoMkA bhI varNana thaa| sambhavatayA isake dvArA 'dRSTivAda' nAmakI vyAkhyAkI jA sakatI hai| dRSTivAdakA tIsarA bheda caudaha pUrva the / sambhavatayA pUrvokA viSaya zvetAmbara sampradAya ke sarvathA anukUla nahIM thA aura dhIre-dhIre zvetAmbara sampradAya kaTTara panthakA rUpa letA jAtA thA / dRSTivAdake lopa ho jAnekA sambhavatayA yahI kAraNa thaa|' zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoMke anusAra yazobhadrake svargArohaNake pazcAt unake jyeSTha ziSya saMbhUtivijaya paTTAsIna hue aura saMbhUta vijaya ke pazcAt unake ziSya sthUlabhadra paTTAsIna hue| saMbhUtivijayake gurubhAI zruta kevali bhadrabAhu the aura yadyapi ve bahuta bar3e vidvAna tathA prabhAvazAlI mahApuruSa the aura sthUlabhadrane unake caraNoMkI sevA karake hI pUrvokA jJAna prApta kiyA thA, tathApi unheM vaha pada nahIM diyA gayA jo uttarakAlameM sthUlabhadrako diyA gyaa| isase DA0 bebarakI ukta dhAraNA ucita hI pratIta hotI hai aura yaha bhI ThIka hai ki dRSTivAdameM vibhinna dRSTiyoMkA vivecana thA, isIse use dRSTivAda kahate the / ataH usameM AjIvika sampradAyakA varNana ho sakatA hai kyoMki AjIvika sampradAyakA saMsthApaka gozAlaka na kevala bhagavAna mahAvIrakA samakAlIna thA, kintu zvetAmbarIya AgamoMke anusAra bhagavAnakA ziSya bhI raha cukA thaa| kintu trairAzika dRSTikI utpatti to vIra nirvANase 544veM varSameM batalAI hai| ataH dRSTivAdameM usakA varNana honA sambhava nahIM hai| isase dRSTivAdakI jo viSayasUcI nandI vagairahameM dI gaI hai vaha abhrAnta pratIta nahIM hotii| aura isalie usaparase kisI nirdoSa pariNAma para nahIM pahuMcA jA sktaa| 2-"paMca sayA cauyAlA taiyA siddhiM gayassa vIrassa / purimaMtaraMjiyAe terAsiyadiTThI uppannA ||2451||"-vi0 bhA0 //

Page #596
zrutaparicaya kintu paramparAse yaha spaSTa pramANita hotA hai ki dRSTivAdakA paThana-pAThana bahuta hI sImita thA aura isakA kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki vaha bahuta kaThina thA, usameM dArzanika viSayoMko bharapUra carcA thI tathA anya agoMse usakA viSaya bhI ati gUDha thaa| sambhavatayA isIse vaha vismRta ho gyaa| __ zvetAMbarIya ullekhoMke anusAra to pUrvose hI agoMkI racanA kI gaI hai ataH pUrvoke sthAnapara agoMkA adhika pracAra honA saMbhava hai| zrI modIne pUrvoke lopa para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai ki aMgoMke adhyayana ne pramukhatA lelI kyoMki unameM na kevala pUrvo kA sAra thA, kintu ve unase sarala bhI the| astu, Age hama dRSTivAda tathA zeSa gyAraha agoMke madhyameM vartamAna bhedako spaSTa karane ke lie zra ta jJAnake bhedoMkA vivaraNa dete haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM zrutake bheda zvetAmbara paramparA meM zrutajJAna ke caudaha bheda kiye haiM- akSara zruta, anakSara zruta, saMjJi zruta, asaMjJi zruta, samyaka zruta, mithyA 1-antagaDA0, prastA0 pR0 18-16 2- 'se kiM taM suyanANa parokkhaM ? suyanANaparokkhaM coddasaviha pannataM, taM jahA--'akkhara suyaM 1 aNakkhara suyaM 2 sariNa surya 3 asariNasuyaM 4 sammasugraM 5 micchasuaM 6 sAinaM 7 aNAibaM8 sapajavasinaM 6 apajavasiya 10, gamitraM 11 agamitraM 12 aMgapaviTTha aNaMga paviTTha 14 // 38 // " nandI0 / "akkhara saraNI sammaM sAIaM khalu sapajavasiyaM ca / gamiyaM aMgapaviTaM satta vi ee sapaDivakkhA" // 454 ||-vishe0 bhA0 /

Page #597
572 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA zruta, sAdi zruta, anAdi zruta, saparyavasita, aparyavasita, gamika, agamika, aMga praviSTa aura anaMga praviSTa / akSara' zrutake tIna bheda haiM-saMjJAkSara, vyaJjanAkSara aura lbdhykssr| akSarake AkArako athavA AkAra rUpa akSarako saMjJAkSara kahate haiN| akSarakeuccAraNako athavA uccAraNarUpa akSarako vyaMjanAkSara kahate haiM aura labdhirUpa akSarako arthAt akSarake kSayopazamako labdhyakSara kahate haiN| ___ labdhyakSarake chai bheda haiM-zrotrendriya labdhyakSara, cakSu indriya labdhyakSara, ghrANondriya labdhyakSara, rasanendriya labdhyakSara, sparzanendriya labdhyakSara, aura nau indriya lbdhykssr| isa labdhyakSara ko hI akSara zrata kahate haiN| anakSarAtmaka zrutako anatara zruta kahate haiN| anakSara zruta ke aneka bheda haiM / jaise-dIrgha zvAsa lenA, thUkanA, khAMsanA, chIMkanA, Adi / saMjJIzru ta2 ke tIna bheda haiM-kAlikI upadeza, hetUpadeza aura dRSTivAdopadeza kI apekssaase| dIrgha kAlIna atIta vastukA smaraNa karaneko aura anAgatakA vicAra karaneko kAlikI saMjJA kahate haiN| jisa prANIke usa prakArakI saMjJA pAI jAtI hai vaha kAlinkI upadezase saMjJI kahA jAtA hai| aura jisake isa prakArakI saMjJA nahIM hotI use asaMjJI kahate haiM / jaise sammUrchana pazcendriya vikalendriya Adi / jo buddhipUrvaka iSTa AhArAdimeM pravRtti karatA hai aura aniSTase bacatA hai use hetUpadezase saMjJI kahate haiN| cUki dvIndriyAdimeM bhI isa prakArakI pravRtti pAI jAtI hai isaliye ve hetUpadezase saMjJI hai| kintu ve atIta anAgatakA 1-nandI0, sU0, 36 / vize0 bhA0, gA0 468 aAdi / 2--nandI sU0 40 / vize0 bhA0-gA0 504 Adi /

Page #598
zrutaparicaya 573 cintana karanemeM asamartha haiM / ataH kAlikI upadezakI apekSA ve saMjJI nahIM haiM / jo kSAyopazamika jJAnase yukta samyagdRSTi dRSTivAdake upadeza se saMjJI hotA hai use dRSTivAdopadeza se saMjJI kahate haiN| isa taraha saMjJoke tIna bheda hone se zrutake bhI tIna bheda kahe haiM sarvajJa sarvadarzI arahaMta bhagavAnake dvArA praNIta dvAdazAMga rUpa gANipiTakako' samyak zruta kahate haiM / vaha isa prakAra haiAcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vivAha paNNattI, jJAtR dharmakathA, upAsaka dazA, antaH kRddaza, anuttaropapAdika daza, praznavyAkaraNa vipAka sUtra aura dRSTivAda / yaha dvAdazAMgarUpa gaNi piTaka caturdaza pUrvIkA samyak zruta hai, anyakA samyak zruta bhI ho sakatA hai, mithyA zruta bhI ho sakatA hai / yahI dvAdazAMga gaNi piTaka paryAyArthika naya se sAdi aura saparyavasita ( sAnta ) hai aura dravyArthika nayase anAdi aura paryasita hai / athavA bhavya kA zruta sAdi aura saparyavasita hai aura abhavyakA zruta anAdi aura aparyavasita hai / dRSTivAda gamika zruta hai aura kAlika zruta agamika hai / gaNadhara ke dvArA racita dvAdazAMga rUpa zratako aMga praviSTa kahate Train dvArA racita zrutako aMga bAhya kahate haiM / isa prakAra zvatAmbarIya sAhitya meM zruta ke caudaha bheda ginAye haiM / yahA~ ina bhedoM meM se hamArA prayojana kevala gamika aura 1 - nandI0, sU041 | vi0 bhA0, gA0 527 / 2 - nandI 0 sU0 43 / 3 - "gaNahara therakayaM vA visesa vA aMgAgaMgesu nAraNattaM" || 550 // - vi0 bhA0 / Jain Educationa International esAmukkavAgaraNa zro vA / dhuva cala For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #599
574 zramika bhedoM se haiM / dRSTivAda ko gamika zruta kahA hai aura kAlika zruta ko agamika kahA hai| vi0 bhA0 ' meM kahA hai ki jisameM 'gama' arthAt bhaMga aura gaNita Adi bahuta hoM athavA jisameM 'gama' arthAt sadRzapATha bahuta hoM use gamika kahate haiM aura dRSTivAda meM prAyaH aisA pAyA jAtA hai / aura jo prAyaH gAthA zloka Adi asadRza pAThabahula hotA hai use agamika kahate haiN| kAlika zruta prAyaH aisA hotA hai / jaM 0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA kAlika zruta hameM dekhanA hai ki kAlika zruta kise kahate haiM / nandi sUtrameM zruta ke aMga praviSTa aura aMgabAhya do bheda karake aMgake bhedoMko vistArase isa prakAra batalAyA hai bAhya do bheda haiM- Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta / Avazyaka ke chai bheda haiM- sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, bandanA, pratikramaNa, kAryotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna / Avazyaka vyatiriktake do bheda haiM-kAlika, utkAlika / utkAlika ke. aneka bheda haiM- dazavaikAlika, kalpA kalpa, cullakalpa zruta, mahAkalpazru ta, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, mahA prajJApanA, pramAdApramAda, nandI, anuyogadvAra devendrasta, tandulavaikAlika, candrA vijjhaNa, sUrya prajJapti, pauruSImaNDala, maNDala praveza, vidyA caraNa vinizcaya, vidyA, dhyAnavibhakti, maraNa vibhakti, Atma vizuddhi, vItarAga 1 - 'bhaMgagaNiyAi' gamiyaM jaM sarisagamaM ca kAraNavaseNa / gAhAi agamiyaM khalu kAliyasuyaM diTThIvAe vA " || 546 // - vize0 bhA0 / 2- nandI0 sU0 44 /

Page #600
575 zrutaparicaya zruta, saMllekhanAzru ta, vihArakalpa, caraNa vidhi, Atura pratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna Adi / yaha saba utkAlika zruta hai| kAlika ke bhI aneka bheda haiM-uttarAdhyayana, dasAo, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, mahAnizItha, RSibhASita, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, dIpa sAgara prajJapti, candraprajJapti, kSullikA, vimAna pravibhakti, mahA vimAna pravibhakti, aMga cUlikA, varga cUlikA, vivAha cUlikA, aruNopapAta, varuNopapAta, garuDopapAta, dharaNopapAta, vaizravaNopapAta, velaMdharopapAta, devendropapAta, utthAna zruta, samutthAna zruta, nAga parijJA, nirayAvalI, kalpikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpitA, puSpacUlikA, vRSNidazA, ityAdi / caurAsI hajAra prakIrNaka bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samaya meM the| madhyake bAIsa tIrthaGkaroMke samayameM saMkhyAta hajAra prakIrNaka the aura bhagavAna varddhamAna svAmI ke caudaha hajAra prakIrNaka the| athavA jisa tIrthaGkara ke jitane zramaNa ziSya the usake utane hI prakIrNaka the aura utane hI pratyeka buddha the / ye sara kAlika zruta hai| __sthAnAMga' sUtra meM bhI zruta jJAna ke do bheda -aga praviSTha aura aGgabAhya batalAkara aGga bAhya ke do bheda kiye haiMAvazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta / tathA Avazyaka vyatirikta ke do bheda kiye haiM-kAlika aura utkAlika / isa taraha aGgabAhya ke hI kAlika aura utkAlika bheda kiye gaye haiN| anuyoga2. dvAra meM bhI aisA hI kathana hai| jisakI svAdhyAyakA kAla niyata hotA hai arthAt niyata 1-sthAnA0, 2 sthA0, sU0 71 / 2-'jai aNaMgapaviTThassa aNurogo, kiM kAliassa, aNuzogo ? ukkAlikssa aNuzogo ? -anu0, sU. 4,

Page #601
576 ja0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kAlameM hI jisako svAdhyAyakI jAtI hai use kAlika zruta kahate haiM / sUryodayase eka ghar3I pUrva tathA eka ghar3I pazcAt, evaM sUryAstase eka ghar3I pUrva tathA eka ghar3I pazcAt, madhyAhnake samaya tathA ardha rAtrike samaya svAdhyAya nahIM karanA caahiye| kintu dinake prathama prahara aura antima prahara tathA rAtrike prathama prahara aura antima praharameM asvAdhyAya kAlako bacAkara avazya svAdhyAya karanA caahie| ataH dina aura rAtrike prathama tathA antima praharameM hI jisakI svAdhyAya karanekA vidhAna ho vaha 'kAlika zruta hai| aura jo kAla velAko chor3akara zeSakAlameM par3hA jAtA hai use utkAlika kahate haiN| . Upara dRSTivAdako gamika zruta aura kAlikako agamika zruta kahA hai / ataH isase dRSTivAda aura kAlika zrutameM pratipakSI bhAva pratIta ho sakatA hai| kintu kAlika zruta aMga bAhyakA bheda batalAyA hai aMga praviSTakA nhiiN| ataH dRSTivAdameM aura zeSa gyAraha aGgoMmeM koI pratipakSI bhAva pratIta nahIM hotaa| kintu malaya girine2 Avazyaka TIkAmeM aura maladhArI 1--'yadiha divasanizAprathamacarimapauruSIdvaya eva paThyate tatkAlena nirvRttaM kAlikam-uttarAdhyayanAdi,yatpunaH kAlavelAvarja paThyate tadUrdhvaM kAlikAdityutkAlikaM-dazavaikAlikAdIti' // -sthA0, sU0 71, abhyvRttiH| 'tatradivasanizAprathamacarimapauruSIlakSaNe kAle adhIyate nAnyatreti kAlikam-uttarAdhyayanAdi, yattu kAlavelAvarja zeSakAlAniyamena paThyate tadutkAlikam-aAvazyakAdi |-anu0,suu0 4, mala0 TI0 / 2--'kAlikazrutaM--ekAdazAMgarUpaM caraNakaraNAnuyogarUpamiti gamyate' |--aav0 TI0 bhA0 2 pR0 366 /

Page #602
zru taparicaya hemacandrane vize0 bhA0kI TIkAmeM spaSTa rUpase ekAdazAMgako bhI kAlika zruta kahA hai| hemacandrane likhA hai ki-'ekAdazAMgarUpa samasta zruta kAlagrahaNa vidhike dvArA par3hA jAtA hai isalie use kAlika kahate haiN| Uparake ullekhoMse yaha spaSTa hai kAlika utkAlikakA bheda aMga bAhya meM hI thA, aMga praviSTa meM nahIM thaa| digambara parampagake AcAya akalaMka devane bhI apane tattvArtha vArtikameM aGgabAhya ke hI kAlika utkAlika bheda kiye haiM ? isa parase aisA anumAna hotA hai ki pIchese ekAdazAMgako bhI kAlikameM sammilita kara liyA gayA; kyoMki do ullekhoMmeM ekAdazAMgakI gaNanA kAlika zrutameM kI gaI hai| bhagavatIsUtrameM gautama bhagavAnase prazna karate haiM ki tIrthaGkaroMke teIsa antarAloMmeM kAlika zrutakA kaba-kaba viccheda huA ? bhagavAn uttara dete haiM ki pUrvake ATha tathA antake ATha jinAntaroMmeM kAlika zrutakA viccheda nahIM huaa| kintu madhyake sAta jinAntaroM meM kAlika zrutakA viccheda huaa| kintu dRSTivAda kA viccheda sabhI jinAntaroM meM huA / ' yahA~ para kAlika zrutase avazya hI ekAdazAMga rUpa zrutakA grahaNa abhISTa hai| kyoMki 1-'ihaikAdazAGgarUpaM sarvamapi zrutaM kAlagrahaNAdividhinA'dhIyata iti kAlikamucyate / tatra prAyazcaraNakaraNe eva prtipaadyte|' -vi0 bhA0 TI0, gA0 2264 / 2-"tadaMgabAhyamanekavidhaM kAlikamutkalikAmityevamAdivikalpAt / svAdhyAyakAle niyatakAlaM kAlikam, aniyatakAlamutkAlikam / tadbhadA uttarAdhyayanAdayo'nekavidhAH |"--t0 vA0, sU0 1-20 / 37

Page #603
578 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0pIThikA aGga praviSTa aura aGgabAhyameM bheda batalAte hue kahA hai ki aGga praviSTa arthAt dvAdazAMga samasta tIrthaGkaroMke tIrthameM avazya rahatA hai kintu tandulavaikAlika Adi aGga bAhya aniyata hai-usakA rahanA avazyaMbhAvi nahIM hai; kyoMki vaha to apane apane yugake prAcAryoMkI racanA hai| ataH bhagavatI meM kAlika zrutase ekAdazAMga hI liyA gayA hai yaha spaSTa hai| isI taraha Avazyaka meM cAra anuyogoMkA vibhAga karate hue kahA hai ki kAlika zruta caraNa karaNAnuyoga rUpa hai, RSibhASita dharmakathAnuyoga rUpa hai, sUryaprajJapti gaNitAnuyoga rUpa hai aura dRSTivAda dravyAnuyoga rUpa hai / yahA~ para bhI kAlika zrutase ekAda. zAMgakA grahaNa iSTa hai / yataH ekAdazAMgarUpa zruta kAlAdi vidhike dvArA par3hA jAtA thA ataH use bhI kAlika zruta mAna liyA gayA aisA pratIta hotA hai| kintu dRSTivAda jaise mahattvapUrNa aGgake paThanake lie kAlAdividhi Avazyaka nahIM samajhI gaI, yaha thor3A Azcaryajanaka jaisA lagatA hai / astu, 1-vize0 bhA0, TI0, gA0, 550 / 2-'eesu NaM bhaMte ! tevIsAe jiNaMtare kassa kahiM kAliyasuyassa vocchede paNNate ? goyamA ! eesu NaM tevIsAe jiNaMtaresu puribhe pacchimaesu aTThasu aTThasu jiNaMtaresu ettha NaM kAliyasuyassa avocchede paNatte / majhimaesu sattasu jiNaMtaresu ettha NaM kAliyasuassa vocchede paNNatte / savvatthavi NaM vocchede diTTIvAe |'-~-bh0, 20za0, 8u0 / - 3-'kAliyasuzraM ca isi bhAsiAiM taiyo a sUra pannati / savvo a diTThIvAzro cauttharo hoi aNuaogo / / 2264 / / / -vi0 bhA0 /

Page #604
zrataparicaya kAlika zruta aura dRSTivAda meM antara Avazyaka' niyukti meM nayoMkA vivecana karate hue kahA hai ki dRSTivAda meM nayoMke dvArA vastuoMkA kathana kiyA jAtA hai kintu kAlika zrutameM nayoM ke dvArA vastukA vyAkhyAna karanekA niyama nahIM hai / yadi zrotAoM kI apekSAse kAlika zrutameM naya dvArA vicAra karanA hI ho to naigama saMgraha aura vyavahAra ina tIna nayoMke dvArA hI karanA cAhie; kyoMki loka vyavahArake lie ye tIna naya hI upayogI haiN| niyuktikI TIkA meM TIkAkAra malaya girine yaha zaGkA kI hai ki yadi kAlika zrutameM nayoMkA adhikAra hI nahIM hai to zrotAkI apekSA tIna nayoMkA adhikAra kisa lie btaayaa| isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki tIna nayoMke dvArA kAlika zratameM abhyasta hone para hI dRSTivAdake yogya hotA hai isa lie kAlika zrutameM zrotAkI apekSA tIna nayoMkA hI adhikAra hai / Age A0 ni0meM likhA hai ki 'kAlika zruta mUr3hanaya vAlA hai, usameM nayoMkA avatAra nahIM hotaa| jaba taka usameM anuyogoMkA bheda nahIM huA thA taba taka usameM nayoMkA avatAra hotA thA aura jabase kAlika zrutameM anuyogoMkA bheda ho gayA tabase nayoMkA samavatAra bhI banda ho gyaa| Age usameM isakA spaSTI karaNa karate hue likhA hai, - 576 1 - 'eehi diTTivAe parUvaNA sutta grantha kahaNA ya / ida puNa bhuvagabho higAro tIhiM zrasannaM // 760|- - prA0 ni0, bhA0 2 / 2 - 'mUDhanai sutraM kAliyaM tu na nayA samoraMti iha / puhuti samAro nattha puhatte samAro || 762 || 3 - jAvaM ti javairA puhattaM kAliyAgassa / teNAreNa puttaM kAliya divAe ya || 763 || - grA0 ni0 /

Page #605
580 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA 'jaba taka mahAmati bajra svAmI the taba taka kAlikAnuyoga 'apRthaka thaa| unake pazcAt AryarakSitake samayameM kAlika zruta aura dRSTivAdameM anuyogoMkA 'pRthaktva' ho gyaa|' isakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai__ jaba taka vajra svAmI the, taba taka pratyeka sUtrakA vyAkhyAna karate hue usameM cAroM anuyogoMkA kathana kiyA jAtA thaa| Arya' rakSitake samayameM eka sUtrakA vyAkhyAna eka hI anuyogaparaka kiyA jAne lagA aura isa taraha samasta zruta cAra anuyogoMmeM vibhAjita kara diyA gyaa| isa vibhAgake kartA vajrasvAmIke ziSya Arya rakSita the| ve apane ziSya durbalikApuSya mitrako par3hAte the to vidvAna hone para bhI ziSya sUtrArthako smaraNa nahIM rakha pAtA thA / ataH AyarakSitane vartamAnakAlakI sthitiko pahacAna kara kAlikAdi zrutako cAra anuyogoMmeM vibhakta kara diyA / kAlika sUtrameM prAyaH caraNa-karaNakA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, isa liye use caraNakaraNAnuyogameM rakhA gyaa| RSimASita uttarAdhyayanomeM maharSiyoMkI dharmakathAoMkA hI kathana hai isa lie RSibhASitoMko dharmakathAnuyogameM rakhA gyaa| sUrya prajJapti-- meM gaNitakA vidhAna honese use gaNitAniyogameM rakhA gyaa| aura sampUrNa dRSTivAdako dravyAnuyogameM rakhA gyaa| isa tarahase pratyeka sUtrameM cAroM anuyogoMkA vidhAna niSiddha karake samasta 1 devindavaMdiehi mahANubhAvehiM rakkhina ajjehiM / jugamAsaja vihatto aNuaogo tA ko cauhA // 774 / / kAliyasuaMca isibhAsi AI taiyo a sUrapannati / savvo adihivAzro cautthazro hoi aNuaogo // jaM ca mahAkapyasutraM jANi a sesANi chetra suttANi / caraNakaraNANurogatti kAliatthe uvagayANi ||774||'-praa0 ni0 /

Page #606
zrutaparicaya 581 zrutako cAra anuyoga meM vibhAjita kara diyA gyaa| cUMki mahAkalpa zruta tathA anya chedasUtra bhI kAlika zrutameM antabhUrta the, isa liye unheM bhI caraNa karaNAnuyogameM hI rakhA gayA / 0 ni0 ke anusAra Upara jo kathana kiyA gayA hai usameM kAlika zruta aura dRSTivAdakI dRSTise ullekhanIya bheda yaha hai ki kAlika zrutakA anuyogoM meM vibhAjana honeke pazcAt usameM nayoM kA samavatAra niSiddha kara diyA gayA aura zrotA vizeSakI apekSA Avazyaka hone para bhI kevala Adike tIna nayoMke hI avatArakI anujJA dI gii| kintu samasta dRSTivAdakA anuyogoM meM vibhAjana ho jAne para bho usameM nayoMkA samavatAra niSiddha nahIM kiyA gayA / yaha hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki vajrasvAmI antima dasa pUrvI the aura unake ziSya AryarakSita sAr3he nau pUrvoke pAThI the / ataH usa samaya sAr3he nau pUrva vartamAna the| phira bhI dRSTivAda meM nayoMkA avatAra niSiddha na karaneke do hI kAraNa ho sakate hai prathama samasta noMse sUtrArthakA kathana kiye binA dRSTivAdakA hRdayaMgama karanA zAyada sambhava na ho, dUsare jo dRSTivAdako samajha sakane kI sAmarthya rakhatA ho usake liye usameM nayoMkA samavatAra durUha pratIta na hotA ho / astu, jo kucha kAraNa ho, kintu ukta bAtoMse itanA spaSTa hai, ki kAlika zruta aura dRSTivAda eka hI zreNIke nahIM the / nandIsUtra tathA anuyoga dvArameM kAlika zruta aura dRSTivAdaantara adhikAkA vivaraNa diyA hai usase bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki ina donoM meM maulika bheda thA /

Page #607
582 jai0 sA0 I0 pU0pIThikA ___ anuyoga' dvArameM parimANa saMkhyAkA kathana karate hue li vA hai-parimANasaMkhyA do prakArakI hai-kAlika zruta parimANasaMkhyA aura dRSTivAda zruta parimANa saMkhyA / kAlika zruta parimANa saMkhyA aneka prakArakI hai jo isa prakAra hai-paryAya saMkhyA, akSara saMkhyA, saMghAta saMkhyA, pada saMkhyA, pAdasaMkhyA, gAthAsaMkhyA zlokasaMkhyA, veSTakasaMkhyA, niyuktisaMkhyA, anuyoga dvArasaMkhyA, uddezakasaMkhyA, adhyayanasaMkhyA, zrutaskandhasaMkhyA aura aNgsNkhyaa| ye kAlikazruta parimANasaMkhyA hai| dRSTivAda zruta parimANasaMkhyA isa prakAra hai--paryAya saMkhyAse lekara anuyoga dvAra saMkhyA taka to kAlika zruta ke anusAra hI hai| Age-pAhur3a saMkhyA, pAhuDiyAsaMkhyA, pAhuDapAhuDiyAsaMkhyA aura vastu saMkhyA / arthAt kAlika zrutameM uddeza, adhyayana, zrutaskandha aura aMgAdhikAra hote haiM taba dRSTivAdameM pAhuDa, pAhuDiyA pAhur3a pAhuDiyA aura vastu nAmaka adhikAra hote haiN| nandIsUtrameM jo bAraha aMgokA vivaraNa diyA hai usase bhI yaho prakaTa hotA hai ki donoM ke adhikAroM meM maulika antara thaa| 1-se kiM taM parimANasaMkhA ? duvihA paNNatA, taM-kAlina suyaparimANasaMkhA diTThivAyasua parimANasaMkhA ya / se kiM taM kAliprasutra pariNAmasaMkhA ? aNegavihA paNNattA, taM jahA- pajavasaMkhA, akkharasaMkhA aNuyogadArasaMkhA uddesagasaMkhA ajjhayaNasaMkhA suakhaMdhasaMkhA aMgasaMkhA, se taM kAliasuya primaannsNkhaa| se kiM taM dihivAyasutra parimANasaMkhA ? aNegavihA paNNattA, taM jahA-pajavasaMkhA jAva aNuyogadArasaMkhA pAhuDasaMkhA pAhuNiprAsaMkhA pAhuDapAhuDiAsaMkhA vatthusaMkhA, se taM dihi vAyasutra parimANasaMkhA se taM parimANasaMkhA, / anu0 pR0 233 /

Page #608
zrutaparicaya dRSTivAda kA vivaraNa dRSTivAda' meM sarva bhAvoMko prarUpaNA hotI hai| saMkSepase dRSTivAdake pAMca bheda haiM--parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata, anuproga, cUlikA / parikarmake sAta bheda haiM-siddhazreNikA, manuSyazreNikA, spRSThazreNikA, avagADhazreNikA, ubasaMpajjaNazreNikA, vippajahaNazreNikA, culAcurazreNikA / siddhazreNikA parikarmake caudaha bheda haiM-mAugApayAI : mAtRkApadAnI ), egahiapayAI, aTThapayAI, pADho AmAsapayAI keubhUa (ketubhUta), rAsivaddha egaguNa, duguNa, tiguNa, keubhUtra, paDiggaha, saMsArapaDiggaha, naMdAvatta, siddhAvatta / maNussazroNikA parikarmake bhI caudaha bheda haiM jo ukta prakAra haiM, kevala antima siddhAvattake sthAnameM 'magussAvatta' nAma hai| puTTha seNiyA parikammake 11 bheda haiM-pAThoAmAsapayAiM. ketubhUta, rAtibaddha, egaguNa. duguNa, tuiguNa, keubhUya, paDiggaha, saMsArapaDiggaha, nandAvatta puTThAvattaM / zrogAr3hasegimA parikammake gyAraha bheda haiM, jo uktaprakAra haiM kevala antima puTThAvattake sthAnameM progADhavatta nAma hai| upasaMpanjaNaseNizrA parikarmake bhI pUrvavatgyAraha bheda haiM kevala antima nAma ogADhAvattake sthAnameM uvasaMpajjaNAvatta nAma hai| isI taraha vippajahaseNiyA parikarmake bhI ukta prakAra gyAraha bheda haiM / kevala antima nAma uvasapajjaNAvattake sthAnameM vippajahaNAtta nAma hai| isI taraha cuAcuaseNiyA parikarmake bhI gyAraha bheda hai| antima nAma vippajahaNAvattake sthAnameM cuAcuAvatta nAma hai / isa prakAra mUlabhedoMkI apekSA parikarmake sAta bheda haiM aura uttara bhedokI apekSAse 83 bheda hai| 1-nandI; pR0 235 zrAdi /

Page #609
jaM0 584 - inameM se Adike chai parikarma caturnayika haiM - unameM cAra nayoMko pravRtti hotI hai tathA sAtoM parikarma trairAzika matAnuyAyI haiN| 0 sA0 i0 pU0 pIThikA 1 isakI TIkAmeM malayagirine likhA hai ki gozAlaka ke dvArA pravartita AjIvika sampradAyake anuyAyioMko hI trairAzika kahate the kyoMki ve saba vastuko tInarUpa mAnate the / tathA naya bhI tIna hI mAnate the-dravyAstika paryAyAstika aura ubhayAstika / sUtrakArane 'satta terAsiyA' likhakara sAtoM parikarmoMko trairAzikamatAnuyAyI batalAyA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pahale AcArya nayavicAra ke avasara para trairAzika matakA avalamvana lekara sAtoM parikarmoM kA vicAra tIna nayoMke dvArA karate the / dRSTivAda ke dUsare bheda sUtrake vAIsa bheda haiM-ujjusuya ( RjusUtra ), pariNatA pariNata, bahubhaMgizra, vijayacariya, aAMtaraM paraMparaM, mAsANaM, saMjUha, saMbhiraNa, AhavvAya sovatthi avatta, naMdAvatta, bahula, puTThApuThThe, vizrAvatta, evaMbhUta, duyAtratta, vattamANappaya, samabhirUDha, savvAbhaha parasAsa, duppaDiggaha / svasamayavaktavyatA sUtrakI paripATIke anusAra ye bAIsa sUtra chinna chedanaya vAle haiM, AjIvika sUtrakI pAripATIke anusAra acchina cheda naya vAle haiM, trairAzika sUtrakI paripATIke anusAra tIna rUpa haiM aura svasamayasUtra pAripATIke anusAra cAra nayarUpa haiM / isaprakAra ye saba sUtra 88 haiM / dRSTivAda ke tIsare bheda pUrvake caudaha bheda haiM- uppA yapuvva Jain Educationa International 1 - ' tathA cAha sUtra kRta 'sata terAsiyA' iti sapta parikarmANi trairAzika matAnuyAyIni, etadukta bhavatipUrva sUrayo nayacintAyAM trairAzika matabhavalambamAnAH saptApi parikarmaNi trividhayApi nayacintayA cintayanti smeti / nandi0, TI0, pR0 236 u0 / For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #610
zrutaparicaya ( utpAdapUrva), aggANIya, vIrizra, atthinatthippavAya, nANappavAya (jJAnapravAda), saJcappavAya (satyapravAda), AyappavAya (AtmapravAda), paccakkhANapavAya ( pratyAkhyAnapravAda ), vijjAraguppavAya ( vidyAnupravAda), ajha ( avandhya ) pANAU, kiriyAvisAla, loka biNdusaar| utpAda pUrva meM dasavastu aura cAra cUlikAvastu kahe haiM, aprAyaNI pUrvameM caudaha vastu aura bAraha cUlikAvastu adhikAra kahe haiN| vIryapUrva meM AThavastu aura ATha cUlikA vastu kahe haiM, asti nAsti pravAda pUrva meM aThAraha vastu aura dasa cUlikA vastu kahe haiN| cUlikA vastu adhikAra ina cAra hI pUrvomeM kahe haiM Age kevala vastu adhikAra hI vatalAye hai jo isa prakAra haiM - jJAnapravAda meM bAraha vastu adhikAra kahe haiM / satyapravAda pUrva meM do vastu avikAra haiM. Atma pravAdameM 16, karmapravAda meM tIsa, pratyAkhyAna pUrva meM vIsa, vidyAnupravAdameM pandraha, avandhya pUrvameM teraha kriyAvizAla pUrva meM tIsa aura lokavindusArameM 25 vastu adhikAra haiM / 585 anuyoga ke do bheda haiM- mUla prathamAnuyoga aura gaMDikAnuyoga | arahaMtoMke pUrva bhava, devaloka gamana, Ayu, devaloka se cyavana, tIrthaGkararUpameM janma, abhiSeka, rAjyazrI, dIkSA, ugratapa, kevala jJAnakI utpatti, tIrthapravartana, unake ziSya, gaNa, gaNadhara, zrayikA, caturvidhasaMghakA parimANa, mana:paryayajJAnI, avadhijJAnI, zrutajJAnI. vAdI, anuttaroMmeM jAnevAle uttara vikriyA karanevAle, muniyoMkA parimANa, muktimeM jAne vAloMkA parimANa, Adi kA jisameM kathana ho use mUlaprathamAnuyoga kahate haiM / aura jisameM kulakara gaNDikA, torthaGkara gaNDikA, cakravartIgaNDikA, dasAra gaNDikA, baladeva gaNDikA, vAsudeva gaNDikA, gaNadhara gaNDikA, bhadrabAhu gaNDikA, tapakarma gaNDikA, harivaMza gaNDikA, utsarpiNI

Page #611
586 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA gaNDikA, avasarpiNI gaNDikA, citrAntara gaNDikA, ityAdi gaNDikAokA jisameM kathana ho use gaNDikAnuyoga kahate haiN| ___Adike cAra pUrvokI cUlikA hotI hai zeSapUrva vinA cUlikAke haiM / yaha cUlikA bheda hai| dRSTivAdameM saMkhyAta vAcanA, saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra, saMkhyAta veSTaka, saMkhyAta zloka, saMkhyAta pratipatti, saMkhyAta niyukti, saMkhyAta saMgrahaNI, hotI haiN| isa taraha bArahaveM aMgameM eka zrutaskandha, caudaha pUrva, saMkhyAta vastu, saMkhyAta cUlavastu, saMkhyAta pAhuDa,saMkhyAta pAhur3a pAhur3a, saMkhyAta pAhuDiyA, asaMkhyAta pAhur3a pAhuDiA, saMkhyAta hajAra pada, saMkhyAta akSara, anaMta gama, ananta paryAya saMkhyAta trasa, ananta sthAvara, Adi bhAva' hote haiN| TIkAkAra malaya girine isa sUtrakA vyAkhyAna karate hue likhA hai ki ye saba prAyaH naSTa hogayA tathApi Agata sampradAyake anusAra kiJcit vyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| ataH isa sUtrakA vyAkhyAna karate hue unhone sAdhAraNa sA zabdArthamAtra kiyA hai, aura kacit kacit thor3A sA vizeSa vyAkhyAna bhI kara diyA hai| ___ ukta sUtrase dRSTivAdake bhedoMkA, avAntara adhikAroMkA aura sthUla viSayasUcIkA AbhAsa mila jAtA hai| aura usa parase itanA hI pratIta hotA hai ki nandI sUtrakI racanAke samaya dRSTivAdakA paramparAgata viSaya paricaya Adi prApta thA, kintu dRSTivAdake astitvakA samarthana to usa parase nahIM hotaa| kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki gyAraha aMgoMkI apekSA dRSTivAda bahuta vizAla thaa| zvetAmbaroMke anusAra to ekAdazAMgakA saba viSaya usameM AgayA thA, itanA hI nahIM, balki koI koI aGga dRSTivAda 1--nandI0, sU0 /

Page #612
587 zrutaparicaya ke antargata pUrvose liye gaye haiM, aisA bhI pratIta hotA hai / isapara vizeSa prakAza Age DAlA jaayegaa| ataH usa vizAla dRSTivAda kA sarvathA lopa nahIM huA aura pUrvoke vizakalita aMzoMkA jJAna paripATI kramase bahuta varSoM taka pravartita rahA, itanA spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| aba hama digambara sAhityase dRSTivAda aMga kA jo paricaya milatA hai use yahAM dete haiN| digambara sAhityameM dRSTivAdakA paricaya akalaMka devane apane tattvArthavArtikameM karAyA hai| likhA ' hai-dRSTivAdameM tIna sau tresaTha dRSTiyoMkA prarUpaNa tathA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| ina tIna sau tresaTha dRSTiyoM athavA matoMmeMse eka sau assI dRSTiyA~ kriyAvAdI haiM / caurAsI dRSTiyA~ akriyAvAdI hai, sar3asaTha dRSTiyA~ ajJAnaparaka haiM aura battIsa dRSTiyAM vainayika haiN| ___'dvAdazamaGga dRSTivAda iti / kautkala - kANe viddhi-kauzikaharismazru-mAMchapika-romaza-hArIta-muNDA-zvalAyanAdInAM kriyAMvAdadRSTinAmazItizatam, marIcikumAra-kapilolUka-gArgya-vyAghrabhUtivAdvali-mAThara-maudgalyAyanAdInAmakriyAvAdadRSTinAM caturazItiH, sAkalya-valkala--kuthimi-sAtyamugrI-nArAyaNa-kaTha-mAdhyandina-mauda - paippalAda-bAdaNyaNAmbaSThikRdauvikAyana-vasu-jauminyAdInAmajJAnakudRSTinAM-sapta SaSThiH, vaziSTha-pArAzara-jatukaNi-vAlmIki-raumaharSiNi-satyadatta-vyAsailAputraupamanyavaindradattAyasthaNAdInAM vainayikadRSTinAM dvAtriMzat,eSAM dRSTizatAnAM trayANAM triSaSThayuttarANAM prarUpaNaM nigrahazca dRSTivAde kriyate |'-t0 vA0 zra01--20sU0 / "didvivAdo NAma aMga baarsmN| tasya dRSTivAdasya svarUpaM nirUpyate |......essaaN dRSTiM zatAnAM trayANAM triSaSTayuttarANAM prarUpaNaM nigrahazca dRSTivAde kriyate |"-ssttlN-,-pu01, pR.107 108 /

Page #613
588 jai0 sA i0 pU0-poThikA kundakundake ' bhAva prAbhRtameM eka gAthAke dvArA ukta tIna sau tresaTha matoMkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| tathA gomaTTasAra 2 karmakANDameM aura zve0 3 pravacana sAroddhArameM ina dRSTiyoMkI prakriyA bhI batalAI haiN| kintu akalaMka devane ukta mUla cAra dRSTiyoM ke katipaya anuyAyioMke nAma bhI diye haiN| aura ve hI nAma siddhasena gaNIkI tatvArtha TIkA tathA dhavalATIkAmeM bhI haiN| tIna sau tresaTha mata jaina sAhityameM tIna sau tresamatoMkA upapAdana jisa rItise kiyA gayA hai, vaha rIti yahA~ dI jAtI hai kriyA 4 kartAke binA nahIM hotI aura vaha AtmAke sAtha samaveta hai aisA kahane vAle kriyAvAdI haiN| athavA jo kahate haiM ki kriyA pradhAna hai, jJAna nahIM, ve kriyAvAdI haiN| athavA 'jIvAdi padArtha haiM, ityAdi kahane vAle kriyAvAdI haiN| ina kriyAvAdiyoMke 180 bheda isa prakAra hote haiM / jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, puNya aura pApa ye nau padArtha haiN| 1 'asiyasaya kiriyavAI akkiriyANaM ca hoI culasIdI / sattahI aNNANI veNeyo hoti battIsA ||135||"-bhaa.praa. / go.ka. gA.876 / -sUtra. ni., gA.116 / 'ajJAnikAdInAM trayANAM triSaSThinAM kuvAdizatAnAM' |-t. bhA0 TI08-1sU. / 2 go. ka. gaa.| 3-pra. sAro0. gA0 1188 zrAdi / 4-'kriyA kA binA na saMbhavati, sAcAtmasamavAyinIti vadanti tacchIlAzca ye te kriyaavaadinH| anye tvAhu :-kriyAvAdino ye bruvate kriyA pradhAMnaM kiM jJAnena ? anye tu vyAkhyAnti-kriyAM jIvAdipadArtho'stItyAdikAM vadituM zIlaM yeSAM te kriyaavaadinH|bh0 sU. TI. 30-1 /

Page #614
zrutaparicaya 586. ye nau padArtha svataH parataH, nitya aura anitya ina cAra vikalpoM ke dvArA tathA kAla, Izvara, AtmA. niyati, aura svabhAva ina pA~ca vikalpoMke dvArA haiN| ataH inako paraspara meM guNA karane se 6x445 = 180 vikalpa hote haiN| itane hI kriyAvAdiyoMke prakAra haiN| digamvara tathA zvetAmbara sAhityameM varNita inakI prAkrayAmeM thor3A antara hai| digambara ' prakriyAke anusAra ina vikalpoMkA kathana isa prakAra hogA-svataH jIva kAlakI apekSA hai, parataH jIva kAlakI apekSA hai| aura zvetAmbara prakriyAke anusAra inakA kathana isa prakAra hotA hai-jIva svataH kAlako apekSA nitya hai, ajIva svataH kAlakI apekSA anitya hI hai / 2 / jIvAdi padArtha nahIM haiM, isa prakArakA kathana karane vAle akriyAvAdI kahe jAte haiN| jo padArtha nahIM usakI kriyA bhI nahIM hai| yadi kriyA ho to vaha padArtha 'nahIM' nahIM ho sakatA, aise kahane vAle akriyAvAdI kahe jAte haiN| 'nAsti' eka, svataH aura parataH ye do, jovAdi sAta padArtha 1-'atthi sado parado viya NiccANiccattaNeNa ya NavatthA / ' kAlIsarapyaNiyadisahAvehi ya te hi bhaMgA hu ||787||-go. k.| 2-'nAstyeva jIvAdikaH padArtha ityevaM vAdinaH akriyaavaadinH|' - sUtra. zI. TI., 1-12 / 'prakriyAM kriyAyA abhAvam, na hi kasyacidapyanavasthitasya padArthasya kriyA samasti, tadbhAve ca anavasthiterabhAvAdityevaM ye vadanti te akriyaavaadinH|-bh. sU., abha.TI.30-1 / sthA. abha. TI., 4-4-345 /

Page #615
560 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0pIThikA aura kAlAdi pAMcako parasparameM guNA karanese-khataH jIva kAlakI apekSA nahIM hai parataH jIva kAlakI apekSA nahIM hai, ityAdirUpase akriyAvAdiyoMke 142xsx1=90 sattara bheda hote haiN|' tathA sAta padArthoMko niyati aura kAlako apekSA 'nAsti' kahanese caudaha bheda aura hote haiM / isa prakAra prakriyAvAdiyoMke kula 84 caurAsI bheda hote haiN| zvetAmbara 2 TIkA granthoMke anusAra jIvAdi sAta padArtha sva aura para tathA kAla, yadRcchA, niyati, svabhAva, Izvara aura AtmA, ina sabako parasparameM guNA karanese 7 x 2 x 6-84 caurAsI bheda akriyAvAdiyoMke hote haiN| jo ajJAnako hI zreyaskara mAnate haiM ve ajJAnavAdI3 kahe jAte haiN| inake matase binA jAne kiye hue karmokA bandha viphala 1-NatthI sado parado viya satta payatthA ya puraNapAUNA / kAlAdiyAdibhaMgA sattari cadupaMti saMjAdA / / 884 / / Natthi ya ca satta payatthA NiyadIdo kAlado tipati bhavA / coddasa idi raNatthitte akiriyANaM ca culasIdI // 885 // ' -go. ka. / 2----jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSArakhmAHsapta padArthAH svapara bhedadvaye tathA kAla-yadRcchA-niyatisvabhAvezvarAtmabhiH SaDbhizcintyamAnA zcaturazIti vikalpA bhavanti"-aAcA. zI. TI. 1-1-1-4 / nandI. malaya., sU. 46 / 3 - 'kutsitaM jJAnamajJAnaM tayeSAmasti te ajnyaanikaaH| te ca vAdinazcetyajJAnikavAdinaH / te ca ajJAnameva zreyaH asazcintyakRta karmabandhavaiphalyAt |'-bhg. abha. TI. 30-1 / sthA. abha.TI., 4-4-45 / sUtra. zI. TI. 1-12 /

Page #616
zrutaparicaya 561 hotA hai isa liye ajJAna hI zreyazkara hai| jIvAdi nau padArthoM ke sAtha asti Adi sAta bhaMgoMkI yojanA karanese tresaTha bheda hote haiM / tathA eka zuddha padArthako asti. nAsti, astinAsti, zravaktavya ina cAra bhaMgoMke sAtha milAnese cAra bheda aura hote haiM / isa taraha ajJAna vAdiyoMke sar3asaTha bheda hote haiN| zvetAmbara TIkA granthoM meM jIvAdI nau padArthoM ko asti zrAdi sAta bhaMgoMke sAtha lagAnese tresaTha, aura utpattiko prArambhake asti zrAdi cAra bhaMgoMke sAtha lagAnesa cAra isa prakAra sar3asaTha bheda kahe hai| jo saba devatAoMko aura saba dharmoko samAna rUpase dekhate haiM ve vainayika kahe jAte haiN| athavA jo vinayako hI svargAdi kA kAraNa mAnate haiM ve vainayika haiM / deva, rAjA, jJAnI, yati, vRddha, bAla, mAtA aura pitA ina AThoMkI mana, vacana, kAya aura dAnake sAtha vinaya karanese vainayikoMke battIsa bheda hote haiN| isa prakAra kula tIna sau vesaTha mata batalAye haiN| 7-'ko jANai NavabhAve sattamasattaM dayaM avacamidi / avayaNajuda sattatayaM iti bhaMgA hoti tesaTThI / / 886 / / ko jANai sattacau bhAvaM suddhaM khu doriNa paMtibhavA / cattAri hoti evaM, aNNANINaM tu stttttthii||887|| -go. ka. 1-'sarvadevatAnAM sarvasamayAnAM ca samadarzanaM vainayikam"-sarvArtha. 8-1 / 'vinayena carati sa vA prayojana eSAmiti vainyikaaH| te ca vAdinazceti vainayikavAdinaH / vinaya eva vA vainayika, tadeva ye svargAdihetutayA vadantyevaMzIlAzca te vainyikvaadinH|-bhg0 abha0 TI, 301 / sthA0 a0TI0, 4-44-345 / 'vinayAdeva mokSa ityevaM gozAlaka matAnusAriNo vinayena carantIti vainayikA vyavasthitAH'-sUtra * zI0, TI0 1-6-27 2-'maNavayaNakAyadANagavibhavo sura-Nivai-NANi-jadi-buDDhe / bAle mAdupidummi ya kAyavvo cedi acaU' || 888 ||-go0 ka0 /

Page #617
592 ja0 sA0 i0 pU -pIThikA bauddha nikAyameM bAsaTha mata dIrgha nikAyake brahma jAla suttameM bAsaTha matoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| unheM bhI yahAM dedenA ucita hogA / 1-nityavAda-'bhikSuoM ! kitanehI zramaNa aura brAhmaNa nityavAdI haiM ve cAra kAraNoMse AtmA aura loka donoMko nitya mAnate haiN| ___2-nityatA-anityatAvAda-bhituoM ! kitane zramaNa aura brAhmaNa haiM ve cAra kAraNoM se AtmA aura lokako aMzataH nitya aura aMzataH anitya mAnate haiM / 3-sAnta anantavAda--bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa brAhmaNa haiM. jo cAra kAraNoMse lokako sAnta aura ananta mAnate haiM / 4-amarAvikSepavAda--bhikSuoM! koI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa ThIkase nahIM jAnatA ki yaha acchA yA burA / ataH vaha asatya bhASaNake bhaya aura ghRNAse na yaha kahatA hai ki yaha acchA hai aura na yaha kahatA hai ki burA hai / aisA vaha cAra kAraNoMse karatA hai| 5-akAraNavAda-bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa aura brAhmaNa akAraNavAdI haiN| do kAraNoM se AtmA aura lokako akAraNa utpanna mAnate haiN| 6-maraNAntara hozavAlA AtmA-bhinnuoM ! kitane zramaNa aura brAhmaNa maraneke bAda AtmA asaMjJI rahatA hai aisA mAnate haiN| aisA ve solaha kAraNoMse mAnate haiN| ____-maraNAntara behoza AtmA-bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ATha kAraNoMse maraneke bAda AtmA asaMjJI rahatA hai, aisA mAnate haiM /

Page #618
zrutaparicaya 563 8 - maraNAntara na hoza vAlA na behoza AtmA - bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa brAhmaNa ATha kAraNoMse maraneke bAda AtmA na saMjJI rahatA hai na asaMjJI rahatA hai, aisA mAnate haiM / 6- AtmAkA uccheda - bhikSutroM ! kitane zramaNa brAhmaNa sAta kAraNoMse AtmAkA uccheda - vinAza mAnate haiM / 10 - isI janma meM nirvANa - bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa brAhmaNa pAMca kAraNoMse aisA mAnate hai ki prANIkA isI saMsAra meM dekhatedekhate nirvANa ho jAtA hai 1 ina dasa mUla bAtoMke kramase 4+4+4+4+2+16+8 + 8H +7+5 = 62_kAraNoMse 62 mata hote haiM / AtmAkI nityatA, anityatA, nityAnityatA, Adiko lekara hI ukta mata pravartita hue hai / ukta tIna sau tresaTha matoMmeM hI inheM bhI garbhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahAM inake pradarzanakA kevala itanA hI prayojana hai ki eka hI vicArako lekara aneka matoMkI sRSTi honA saMbhava hai aura isa taraha ke mata mahAvIra aura buddhake samaya meM pravartita the / unhIM sabakA nirUpaNa aura nirAkaraNa dRSTivA meM kiyA gayA thA / aba tatvArthavazartika meM jo pratyeka vAdoMke katipaya anuyAyiyoM ke nAma diye haiM, unakA yathA saMbhava paricaya karAyA jAtA hai / kalaMka devane kautkala, kANeviddhi, kauzika, harizmazru mAMchapika, romaza, hArIta, muNDa, aura AzvalAyanako kriyAvAdI kahA hai / aura siddhasena gaNine inheM akriyAvAdI kahA hai / inameM se kucha nAmoMke sambandhameM hameM jo jAnakArI prApta ho sakI, vaha isa prakAra hai kANeviddhi (kATheviddhi) - pANinikRta vyAkaraNa (4-1-81 ) 38

Page #619
564 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA meM kANTheviddhi AcAryakA nAma AtA hai / sAmavedake vaMza brAhmaNameM yaha nAma AyA hai jisase sUcita hotA hai ki yaha sAmavedake AcArya the| ( pA0 bhA0, pR0 321 ) / ____ kauzika-pANini vyAkaraNa 4-1-104 sUtrake mahAbhASyameM likhA hai-vizvAmitrane tapa tapA maiM anRSi na rhuN| vaha RSi ho gyaa| punaH usane tapa tapA-maiM anTaSikA putra na rhuuN| taba gAdhi bhI RSi ho gyaa| usane punaH tapa tapA-maiM anRSikA pautra na rhuuN| taba kuzika bhI RSi ho gyaa| ataH kuzikakA pautra honese vizvAmitra kauzika the / RgvedameM jina sAta RSiyoM ke nAma Aye haiM unameM eka vizvAmitra bhI haiM / atharvavedameM bhI vizvAmitra nAma AtA hai| kauzika nAmaka eka RSi atharvasUtroMke vyAkhyAkAra bhI hue haiN| kauzika gRhyasUtra aura kauzika smRti nAmaka do grantha bhI haiM mahAbhAratameM dharmavyAdha ne eka kauzika nAmake brAhmaNako upadeza diyA hai| hameM yahAM kauzikase vaidika RSi vizvAmitra ho abhipreta pratIta hote haiN| mAJchapika-dhavalA TIkA (pu0 1, pR0 107 ) meM mAMdhapika nAma hai aura siddhasena gaNikI TIkAmeM (ta0 bhA0 TI0 bhA0, pR0 61) mAMdhanika nAma chapA hai| usake sampAdaka ne apanI prastAvanA (pR056 ) meM likhA hai ki DA0 SCHRA DER 'mAnthanika' nAma batalAte haiN| kintu vaha patA nahIM batalAte ki vaha kauna the| sampAdaka zrI kApar3iyAkA kahanA hai ki 'yadi yaha nAma ThIka hai to vaha mantha siddhAntakA saMsthApaka ho sakatA hai| vRhadAraNyaka ( 3-7-1, 6-3-1) meM isa mantha siddhAntakA nirdeza hai / kahA jAtA hai ki zvetaketukA pitA uddAlaka usakA mUla racAyitA thaa| zrI bhagavadattane apane vaidika vAGmayake itihAsameM ( bhA0 2, pR0 55) uddAlaka AruNikI paramparA dI

Page #620
565 zrutaparicaya hai| usameM tIsare nambarakA nAma 'madhuka paigaya' hai yaha nAma 'mAMdha pika' se bahuta milatA julatA hai| hArIta - zrI bhagavadattajI ne likhA hai (pR. 28) ki hemAdri zrAddhakalpa meM pR0 75 para hArota smRtipara TIkA likhanevAle meM jayasenakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| eka harIta dharmasUtrake racayitA hue haiM (hi. dha0 pR0 70-75 ) / ve kRSNa yajurveda zAkhAke the| ye donoM eka hI haiM yA bhinna hama nahIM kaha sakate / phira bhI akalaMka devane inhIM meM se ekakA nirdeza kiyA jAna par3atA hai| muNDa-eka upaniSadkA nAma muNDaka hai / zAyada yaha usIse sambaddha ho ? AzvalAyana-SaDguruziSyane Rk sarvAnukramaNI vRttikI bhUmikAmeM likhA hai ki zaunakane Rgveda sambandhI dasa grantha likhe aura unake ziSya AzvalAyanane tIna grantha likhe-zrautasUtra, gRhyasUtra aura AraNyaka cauthaa| (vai0 vA0 i0, bhA02, pR0 226) / inhIM prasiddha AzvalAyanakA ullekha akalaMka devane kiyA jAna par3atA hai| zeSa kriyAvAdiyoMke viSayameM hameM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho skii| ____ marIcikumAra, kapila, ulUka, gArgya, vyAghrabhUti, vAdvali, mAThara, maudgalAyanako akalaGkadevane akriyAvAdI kahA hai| aura siddhasenagaNine inheM kriyAvAdI kahA hai| ___ marIcikumAra-DA0 Schrader bhagavAna RSabhadevake pautra marIcikumArako hI ullikhita marIcikumAra mAnate haiN| aura yaha ucita bhI pratIta hotA hai kyoMki marIcikumArake pazcAt hI kapila kA nAma hai jo sAMkhya darzanakA saMsthApaka thaa| jina senane apane

Page #621
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva-pIThikA mahApurANa parva 18 zlo 61, 62 meM likhA hai ki RSabhadevakA pautra marIci bhI bhagavAna ke sAtha pravrajita huA aura usane bhraSTa hokara sAMkhya ma kA pratipAdana kiyaa| ___kapila-kapila RSi sAMkhya darzanake saMsthApakoMmeM se hue haiN| sAMkhyakArikAkI antima kArikAse bhI yaha prakaTa hotA hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSadmeM kapilako brAhmaNakA bauddhika putra kahA hai ma0 bhA0 ke zAnti parvameM bhI kapilako brAhmaNakA mAnasa putra kahA hai| bhAgavatameM kapilako viSNukA avatAra batalAyA hai| ___ ulUka-vaizeSika darzanake puraskartA kaNAda RSikA nAma ulUka bhI thaa| isIse vaizeSika darzanako aulukya darzana bhI kahate haiN| sAMkhya kArikA naM071 kI mAThara vRttimeM bhI ulUka nAma AyA hai| usase pratIta hotA hai ki sAMkhya darzanameM bhI koI ulUka nAmaka RSi hue haiN| DA. 'kIthane likhA hai ki sAMkhya kArikAke cInI anuvAdameM sAMkhya darzanake AcAryoMkI eka tAlikA dI huI hai jisameM paMcazikhake pazcAt aura varSa tathA Izvara kRSNake pahale gArga aura ulUka nAma diyA hai| ataH sAMkhya darzanake ulUka hI ullikhita ulUka hone cAhieM, kyoMki marIci aura kapila bhI sAMkhya darzanake hI puraskartAoM meM se the| gArya-yAskane dhAtuoMse nAmakI utpattike viSayameM gArgyake matakA ullekha kiyA hai| Rk aura yajuH prAti zAkhyameM bhI gArgya kA nAma AyA hai / pA0 bhA0, pR0 334) / vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 1-ha. iM0 sA0, pR0 44 /

Page #622
zrutaparicaya 597 meM RSiyoMkI jo tAlikA dI hai usameM bhI do gAgryoMkA nirdeza milatA hai| unameMse eka gArya yAjJavalkyake samakAlIna the| Upara ullikhita sAM0 kArikAke cInI anuvAdameM sAMkhya darzanake jina prAcAryoMkA nAma diyA hai unameM eka gArgya nAma bhI hai / caki akalaGka devane prakriyAvAdiyoMmeM sAMkhya darzanake puraskartA AcAryo ko hI ginAyA hai ata:yaha gArya unhIMmeM se honA caahie| ___ vyAghrabhUti-si0 kau0 meM do kaarikaaeN| AI haiM jinameM vyAghrabhUtike matakA nirdeza hai| kolabrukane bhI likhA hai ki vyAghrabhUti aura vyAghrAdakI vArtikoMkA ullekha aneka granthakAroM ne kiyA hai| ataH yaha vyAghrabhUti vaiyAkaraNa jJAta hote haiN| (ta. bhA0 TI0, prastA0 pR0 58) / mAThara-sAMkhya kArikA para mAThara vRttike racayitA mAThara prasiddha haiN| ataH kapila Adi sAMkhyoMke sAtha unakA hI nAma nirdeza honA sambhava hai| kintu dRSTivAdameM unake matakA nirAkaraNa honA sambhava nahIM hai kyoM ki unakA kAla prAyaH IsvI sankI prathama zatIse pUrva nahIM hai| prAcIna kAlameM mAThara nAmake eka vaidika RSi bhI hue haiN| maudgalyAyana-taittirIya upaniSadmeM eka maudgalyAyanakA ullekha hai| gopatha brAhmaNameM maudgala nAmaka RSikA nAma AyA 1--'vindatizcAndradaurgAderiSTo bhASye'pi dRshyte| vyAghrabhUtyAdayatsvenaM neha peTuriti sthitam / ' 10 // rajI masjI adi padI tud kSudha zuSi puSI ziSiH / bhASyAnuktA navehoktA vyAghrabhUtyAdisammateH / / 11 / / ' --si0 ko0 2--'saMdhyAsti mATharazcaiva yAjJavalkyaH parAzaraH / --vai0 vA0 i0; bhA0 2, pR0 63 /

Page #623
568 jai0 sA0 i0 - pUrva pIThikA hai| eka moggalAyana buddhadeva ke ziSya bhI the| nahIM kaha sakate ki alaGkadeva ke dvArA nirdiSTa kriyAvAdI maudgalyAyana inameM se kauna haiM ? ullikhita vyaktiyoM ke ukta anumAnika paricaya se pratIta hotA hai ki akalaMka deva ne katipaya vaidika RSiyoM ko kriyAvAdI aura sAMkhya darzanake prarvatakoMko akriyAvAdI kahA hai / vaidika RSi kriyAkANDI the ataH unheM kriyAvAdI mAnanA ucita hai aura sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA ko akartA mAnA gayA hai| ataH usake puraskartAoM ko akriyAvAdI kahanA bhI ucita hI hai / kintu siddhasenane sAMkhyavAdiyoMko kriyAvAdI aura kriyAkANDa vaidikako akriyAvAdI kisa dRSTi se batalAyA hai yaha hama nahIM kaha sakate / astu, sAkalya, vAlkala, kuthumi, satyamugri, kaTha, mAdhyaMdina, mauda, paippalAda, bAdarAyaNa, ambaSTha, vasu, jaiminiko akalaMkane jJAnavAdI kahA hai / W sAkalya - pANinine aSTAdhyAyI meM zAkalyakA ullekha kiyA hai / zAkalya ne Rgveda kA padapATha sthira kiyA / pada pATha meM jo iti kA prayoga hai use pANinIne zAkalya kRta anArSa iti kahA hai (1-1-16) / ( pA0 bhA0 pR0, 333 ) | mahArAja janaka kI sabhA meM yAjJavalkya kA RSiyoM ke sAtha jo mahAn saMvAda huA thA usakA varNana zatapatha kANDa 11 - 14 meM hai / RSiyoM meM eka vidagdha zAkalya thA / yAjJavalkya kA uttara na dene se usakA mastaka gira gayA / yaha zAkalya Rgveda kA prasiddha AcArya huaa| hai / yahI padakAroM meM sarva zreSTha thA / isakA pUrA nAma deva mitra zAkalya thA / ( vai0 vA0 i0, bhA0 2, pR0 76 ) / I

Page #624
zrutaparicaya 566 vAlkala-vAlkala yA valkala nAma azuddha pratIta hotA hai| siddhasenagaNikI tatvArtha TIkA ( bhA0 2, pR0 123 ) meM vASkala nAma diyA hai / yahI zuddha pATha jAna par3atA hai / vASkala Rgveda kA mahattvapUrNa caraNa thaa| zAkaloM aura vASkaloM kA sAtha-sAtha ullekha bhI dekhA jAtA hai / caraNa eka prakAra kI zikSA saMsthA thI jisameM veda kI eka zAkhA kA adhyayana ziSya samudAya karatA thA aura jinakA nAma mUla saMsthApaka ke nAma se par3atA thA / vASkala caraNa ke pramukha ziSya parAzara the jinhoMne pArAzaya zAkhAkA prArambha kiyaa| pArAzarya logoM ko koI svataMtra zAkhA yA chanda grantha na thA, usake liye ve vASkala zAkhA para nirbhara the| ( pA0 bhA0, pR0 315) / sambhavatayA akalaMka devane vASkala caraNa ke saMsthApaka RSi kA hI nAma ajJAnavAdiyoM meM liyA pratIta hotA hai| kuthumi-sAma veda kI eka zAkhA kA nAma kuthuma hai| vAyu. purANa adhyAya 23 meM dvaipAyana se pUrva ke pratyeka dvApara ke anta meM honevAle 27 vyAsoM ke nAma likhe haiN| unameM 16 vAM vyAsa bharadvAja thaa| usake samakAlIna hiraNya nAbha kausalya laugAti aura kuthumi the| ye sAmavedAcArya dvaipAyana vyAsa se kucha hI pahale hue the ( vai. vA0 i0, bhA0 1, pR0 70 ) / sambhavatayA akalaMka deva ne sAmavedAcArya kuthumi kA hI nirdeza ajJAnavAdiyoM meM kiyA hai|' __ sAtyamuni-pANini ne sAma veda ke anya caraNoM meM zauci. vRkSi aura sAtyamuni caraNoM kA nAma liyA hai / (4-1-81) / 1-Azva lAyana gRhya sUtrakI nArAyaNa vRti meM likhA hai-'zAkalasamAmnAyasya vASkalasamAmnAyasya cedameva sUtraM gRhyaM cetyadhyeTaprasiddham / '

Page #625
600 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrvapIThikA sAma veda ke rANAyanIya caraNa kI eka zAkhA kA nAma satyamuni thaa| inake viSaya meM apizalI zikSA ke SaSTha prakAza meM likhA hai ki sAtyamuni zAkhAvAle sandhyakSaroM ko hrasva par3hate haiM / ardha ekAra aura ardha zrokAra ke uccAraNa ko sAtyamuni aura rANAyanIya caraNoM kI pariSat ne apane prAtizAkhyoM meM svIkAra kiyA thA / (pA0 bhA0, pR. 320 / vai0 vA0 i0, bhA0 1, 213) / inhIM sAtyamuni kA ullekha akalaMka deva ne ajJAnavAdiyoM meM kiyA pratIta hotA hai| nArAyaNa-nArAyaNa' pATha azuddha pratIta hotA hai| isake sthAna meM 'rANAyana' honA caahiye| lekhakoM ke pramAda yA buddhi doSa ke kAraNa rANAyana kA nArAyaNa ho gayA jAna par3atA hai| siddhasenagaNi kI TIkA meM 'rANAyana' pATha hI mudrita hai| yaha Upara likhA hai ki sAmaveda kI rANAyanIya caraNa kI eka zAkhA kA nAma sAtyamuni hai| ataH sAtyamuni ke nikaTa meM rANAyanIya zAkhA ke saMsthApaka rANAyana kA hI nirdeza ucita pratIta hotA hai| kintu eka zAkhA cArAyaNIya bhI thii| cara RSi kA gotrApatya cArAyaNa hai| pANinIya gaNa (4-1-66) meM cara kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| cArAyaNayoM kA eka maMtrArSAdhyAya bhI milatA hai / ( vai0 vA0 i0, bhA0 1,pR0 190) / ataH yaha kahanA zakya nahIM hai ki nArAyaNa ke sthAna meM rANAyana honA cAhiye yA caaraaynn| kaTha-mahA bhArata' (zAntiprarva a0 344 ) meM rAjA uparicara vasu ke yajJa kA varNana hai, vahA~ 16 RtvajoM meM se eka Adya kaTha bhI the| isase pratIta hotA hai ki kaThoM meM jo pradhAna kaTha 1-'zrAdyaH kaThastaittirizca vaizamyAyana pUrvajaH / / 6 / / '

Page #626
zrutaparicaya thA, athavA jo una saba kA mUla guru thA, use hI Adya kaTha kahA hai| pANini ne kaThoM kA svataMtra ullekha kiyA hai| yaha carakoM kA ati prasiddha caraNa' thA, jisake anuyAyI gA~va-gA~va meM phaila gae the| kaThoM kI zAkhA ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA thA ki vaha atyanta vizAla aura suviracita grantha thA / ( pA0 bhA0, pR0 318 ) / inhI kaThoM ke Adya guru kA ullekha akalaMka deva ne ajJAna vAdiyoM meM kriyA pratIta hotA hai| mAdhyandina-zukla yajurveda kI eka zAkhA kA nAma mAdhya. ndina zAkhA hai| isa samaya yahI zAkhA saba se adhika par3hI jAtI hai / saMhitA ke hastalikhita granthoM meM ise bahudhA yajurveda yA vAjasaneya saMhitA hI kahA gayA hai / isake saMsthApaka mAdhyandina RSi kA hI nirdeza akalaMka deva ne ajJAnavAdiyoM meM kiyA jAna par3atA hai| ___ mauda aura paippalAda-mauda aura paippalAda donoM atharvavedake caraNa the| ina donoM caraNoMmeM jJAnasAhacarya thaa| pANinine 'kArtakaujapAdi gaNameM (6-2-37) 'kaThakalApAH' kaThakauthumAH 1-'caraNa zabdAH kaTha kalApAdayaH |'-kaa0vR0 4-2-46 / 2-'grAme grAme ca kAThakaM kAlApakaM ca preccate / / pA0 mahA0 4-3-101 / 3--'kaThaM mahat suvihitam'-pA0 mahA0 4-2-66, vA0 2 / 4-pAta0 mahA0 ke paspazAhnikameM atharvavedako navazAkhA yukta kahA hai / yathA-'navadhAtharvaNo vedaH / ' ina nau zAkhAoMke viSayameM prAtharvaNa pariziSTa caraNavyUhameM likhA hai-'tatra brahmavedasya nava bhedA bhavanti / tadyathA paippalAdAH staudAH maudAH zaunakIyAH jAjalAH jaladAH brahmavadA devadarzAH cAraNavaidyAH ceti / - vai. vA. i., bhA. 1, pR. 220 /

Page #627
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA maudapappalAdAH' udAharaNoMke dvArA isa bAtakA ullekha kiyA hai (pA0 bhA0, pR. 264 ) / pAta0 mahA0 (4-2-66 ) meM 'maudAH' paippalAdAH prayoga bhI milate haiM / ataH mahAbhASya kAlameM ye zAkhAeM bahuta prasiddha rahIM hoNgii| atharva pariziSTa (22-3 ) meM maudakA mata diyA hai| skanda purANa (nagara khaNDa) ke anusAra pippalAda suprasiddha yAjJavalkyakA hI eka sambandhI thaa| prazna upaniSadke prArambhameM lakhA hai ki bhagavAna piepalAdake pAsa sukezA bhAradvAja Adi chaH RSi gaye the| vaha pippalAda mahAvidvAna aura samartha puruSa thaa| _ vAdarAyaNa-paramparAse brahma sUtroMkA racayitA bAdarAyaNako mAnA jAtA hai / matsyapurANa ( 14-16 ) meM kahA hai ki vedavyAsa kA eka nAma bAdarAyaNa bhI thaa| kRSNa dvaipAyana vyAsa parAzara RSike putra the tathA mahAbhAratake racayitA the| jaimini sUtroM ( 1-1-5,5-2-16 ) meM bhI bAdarAyaNakA nirdeza hai| eka bAdarAyaNa 'smRtikAra bhI hue haiN| sUtrakAra bAdarAyaNakA nirdeza akalaGkadevane kiyA ho, yaha sambhava pratIta hotA hai / / ____ bAdarAyaNake pazcAt 'tatvArthavArtika meM pradatta do nAmoMko lekara aneka pAThAntara milate haiN| yathA, 'ambaSTikRdau vikAyana, ambaSThikRdailikAyana, ambriishsvissttikRdaitikaayn'| siddhasena gaNikI ta. bhA0 TIkA (bhA0 2, pR0 123 ) meM 'sviSTikRd anikAtyAyana; mudrita hai / tathA dhavalA TIkA ( pu0 1, pR0 108) meM 'svaSTakRdaitikAyana' nAma diye haiN| inase milate 1-hi0 dha0, pR. 714 / 2-bhA. jJA. kAzI saMskaraNa, pR. 74 /

Page #628
zrutaparicaya 603 julate jina nAmoMke sambandhameM hameM jAnakArI prApta ho sakI, unheM diyA jAtA hai| ambarIza-aMgirA kulake maMtradRSTAoMmeM ambarIza eka kSatrIya kulotpanna maMtradRSTA huA hai / rAjA ambarIza bahuta purAnA vyakti mAnA jAtA hai / mahAbhAratameMbhI isakA nAma AyA hai| kauTilyake arthazAstra meM ( 1-6) bhI usakA nAma AyA hai| svaidAyana-zatapathameM zaunaka svaidAyana' nAmaka AcAryakA nAma AtA hai| caikitAyana-vRhadAraNyakameM likhA hai ki zilaka zAlAvatya, caikitAyana dAlbhya, aura pravAhaNa jAbAli ye tInoM udrIthame kuzala the| pravAhaNa jAvAlikA caikitAyanadAlbhya se saMvAda huA thA / vasu-vyAsa munise Rgveda par3hanevAle ziSyakA nAma paila thaa| mahAbhArata meM likhA hai ki yudhiSThirake rAjasUya yajJake samaya vyAsa Rtvika karmake liye eka paila ko sAtha lAye the / yaha paila vasu kA putra thaa| purANoMmeM likhA hai ki vyAsase Rgveda par3hakara pailane usakI do zAkhAeM krdoN| ekako usane vASkala ko par3hAyA aura dUsarIko indupramati ko / isa pramatiko vedavedAMgapAraga kahA hai| brahmANDapurANake tIsare pAdameM likhA hai 1-'svaidAyaneneti / zonako ha svaidAyana zrAsa |'-shtpth0 11-4-1-1 / 2-'trayo hodgIthe kuzalA babhuvuH / zilakaH zAlAvatyaH / caikitAyano dAlbhyaH / pravAhaNo jaivliH|' vRha0 6-2-3 / 3-- pailo hotA vasoH putro dhaumyena sahito'bhavat / / ' 35 ||-m0 bhA0, sabhAparva, a0 36 /

Page #629
604 ja0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ki isa indu pramati kA putra vasu aura vasukA putra upamanyu thaa| sambhavatayA ina donoMmeM se hI kisI eka vasukA nirdeza akalaMkadevane kiyA hai| ___ jaimini-aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaimini nAmake aneka vidvAn hue haiN| eka jaimini vyAsa' RSikA ziSya thA / mahAbhArata sabhAparva (4-17 ) se jJAta hotA hai ki yudhiSThirake sabhApravezake samaya jaimini upasthita thA / udhara AdiparvameM likhAra hai ki mahArAja janamejayake nAgayajJameM jaimini udgAtA kA kArya karatA thA / sAma saMhitAkAroMke lAMgala samUhameM bhI eka jaimini kA nAma AtA hai| sAmavedAcArya jaimini aura unake ziSya talavakArane jaimini brAhmaNakA saMkalana kiyA thA / ise hI sAmaveda ko jaiminIya saMhitA kA pravaktA kahA jAtA hai| eka jaimini mImAMsA zAstrake racayitA bhI hue haiM / vedAntasUtroM meM unakA ullekha hai| ____ ukta vaidika RSiyoM aura AryoMko akalaMka devane ajJAnavAdI kahA hai| akalaMka deva ne vaziSTha, pArAzara janukaNi, vAlmIki, romaharSiNI, satyadatta, vyAsa, elAputra, aupamanyava, aindradatta aura ayasthUNako vainayika dRSTi kahA hai| 1-'brahmaNo brAhmaNAnAM ca tathAnugRhakAyA / vivyAsa vedAn yasmAt sa tasmAd vyAsa iti smRtaH / / 130 / / vedAnadhyApayAmAsa mahAbhAratapaJcamAn / sumatuMna jaimini pailaM zukaM caiva svamAtmajam / / 131 ||'-m0 bhA0, aAdiparva, a064 / 2-'udgAtA brAhmaNo vRddho vidvAn kautsArya jaiminiH'-ma0 bhA0, Adiparva, a. 48 /

Page #630
zrutaparicaya 605 vaziSTha--vaziSTha nAmake bhI aneka vyakti pAye jAte haiN| eka to vaha vaziSTha hai, jinako gaNanA' dasa mahaSiyoM meM kI gaI hai| eka vaziSTha yogavAziSTha rAmAyaNa ke racayitA hue haiN| eka vaziSTha dharma sUtra ke racayitA hue haiN| inameM se kina vaziSTha kA grahaNa nirdeza akalaMka devako abhipreta hai yaha nirNaya kara sakanA duHzakya hai| tathApi Age ke nAmoM ko dekhate hue vaidika RSi vaziSTha kA hI grahaNa iSTa pratIta hotA hai| inhoMne atharva veda ke maMtroMkA uddhAra kiyA thaa| pArAzara-vAsiSTha kula meM sAta brahmavAdI hue haiN| inameM prathama vaziSTha the aura dUsare the parAzara / isI parAzara kA putra kRSNa dvaipAyana vyAsa thaa| isIse use pArAzarya bhI kahate the| cU~ki vyAsa kA nAma Age likhA hai ataH vasiSTha ke pazcAt 'parAzara' nAma hI ucita pratIta hotA hai / siddha sena gaNi kI TIkA meM pArAzara' nAma pAyA jAtA hai / ___ janukarNi ( jAtukarNya )-purANoM meM likhA hai ki vASkalane cAra saMhitAeM banAkara apane cAra ziSyoMko par3hAI / unake nAma the-bauddhaya, agnimAThara, parAzara aura jAtukayaM / zrI madbhAgavatake 1-'bhRgurmarIciratrizca hyaGgirAH pulahaH krtuH| manurdakSo vasiSThazca pulastyazceti te daza // 66 // brahmaNo manasA hyate udbha tAH svymiishvraaH| paratvenarSayo yasmAt smRtA stasmAnmaharSayaH // 67 // -brahmANDapu0, -2-32-62 / 2-kirAta 10-10 kI TIkA meM malinAtha likhate haiM-'atharvaNasta maMtroddhAro vaziSThakRta ityAgamaH / ' 3-'baudhyaM tu prathamAM zAkhAM dvitIyamagni mATharam / parAzaraM tRtIyAM tu jAtukarNyamathAparam / ' -vai0 vA0 i0, bhA0 1, pR0 63 /

Page #631
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA bArahaveM skandhake vedazAkhA prakaraNameM jAtukaryako RgvedIya AcArya mAnA jAtA hai / vAyu purANa a0 2: meM aura brahmANDa purANa, pAda 2, a035 meM dvaipAyana se pahale jAtukarNya, parAzara, zakti Adi vyAsa mAne gaye haiM / vAyu purANa ke prathama adhyAyameM likhA hai ki vaziSTha kA pautra jAtukarNya thaa| usI se vyAsane vedAdhyayana kiyA / brahmAMDa purANa ( 1-1-11 ) meM bhI yahIM bAta likhI hai| vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 2-'-3 aura 4-6-3 meM bhI likhA hai ki pArAzarya-vyAsa ne jAtukarNya se vidyA sIkhI / vAyu purANake anusAra jAtukaya' vaziSThakA pautra thaa| ataH vaha parAzara kA bhAI ho sakatA hai / ( vai0 vA. i0 bhA0 1, pR0 65 ) / ataH janukarNi ke sthAna meM jAtukarNya pATha ThIka pratIta hotaa| .. vAlmIki- rAmAyaNake racayitA vAlmIki RSi prasiddha haiN| roma harSaNI ( roma harSaNa)-purANa saMhitAoM ke racayitA ke rUpameM eka sUta romaharSaNa kA nAma milatA hai / vAyu purANa meM lomaharSaNa yA romaharSaNa nAmakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai-jo apane kathanoM ke dvArA sunane vAleke zarIrake romoMko pulakita kara detA hai vaha vaktA romaharSaNa kahA jAtA hai| ___ satyadatta-satya kAma jAvAla, satyayajJa Adi nAmake vyaktiyoM kA to nirdeza milatA hai| kintu satyadatta nAmakI jAnakArI nahIM mila skii| vyAsa--parAzara RSi ke putra mahAbhArata ke racayitA maharSi vyAsa prasiddha hai| elAputra yA ilAputra-zrI kApar3iyAne likhA hai ki purANoM se patA calatA hai ki prajApati kadamakA putra ila yA ela thaa| vaha vAlhIka dezakA rAjA thaa| vaha strI rUpameM parivartita ho gayA

Page #632
zrutaparicaya 607 aura usakA nAma ilA yA elA ho gyaa| isa avasthA meM usake pururavA nAmaka putra huaa| hama nahIM kaha sakate ki nirdiSTa elAputra vahI hai yA dUsarA ( ta0 bhA0 TI0, bhA0 2 kI prastA0, pR061)| kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM bhI eka aila nAmaka rAjA kA nirdeza milatA hai| ___aupamanyava-chAndogya upaniSad ke anusAra aupamanyava prAcIna zAla, satyayajJa pauluSi, indradyumna bhAllaveya, jana zArkarAkSya aura buDila AzvatarAzvi ye pA~ca mahAzrotriya AtmAkA svarUpa jAnane ke lie gae the / ullikhita aupamanyava aura prAcIna zAla aupamanyava eka hI pratIta hote haiN| , aindradatta- yaha nAma nahIM miltaa| indradatta bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu indradatta nAmake bhI kisI vyaktikA patA nahIM cltaa| hA~, isase milatA julatA indrota zaunaka nAma milatA hai| indrota zaunaka ne janamejayako azvamedha yajJa karAyA thaa| ayaHsthUNa-zatapatha brAhmaNa (14-63-15,20 ) meM eka guru ziSya paramparA dI hai| usameM 'jAnaki AyasthUNa' nAma milatA hai / akalaMka devake anusAra ina saba vAdiyoM ke matoMkA varNana aura nirAkaraNa dRSTivAdameM thaa| akalaMka devane jo tattat 1-'prAcInazAlopamanyavaH satyayajJaH pauluSirindradyumno bhAllaveyo janaH zArkarAkSyo buDila zrAzvatarAzvi...te ha saMvAdayAMcakru ruddAlako vai bhagavanto'yamAruNiH saMpratImamAtmAnaM vaizvAnarabhamabhyeti-chA0 u0 5-11-1.4. / 2-'evamuktvA tu rAjAnamindroto janamejayam / yAjayAmAsa vidhivad vAjimedhena zaunakaH ||38||-m0 bhA0, zAnti0, a0 151 / zatapatha. 13-5-3-5 meM bhI indrota zaunaka nAma milatA hai|

Page #633
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA vAdiyoM ke katipaya nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usakA kyA AdhAra thA, yaha hama batalAnemeM asamartha haiN| phira bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki akalaMka deva ke dvArA nirdiSTa ukta sabhI vAdI prAyaH vaidika RSi haiN| aura akriyAvAdiyoMmeM sAMkhya darzana ke puraskartAoM kA tathA ajJAna vAdiyoM meM brahma sUtrakAra vAdarAyaNa aura pUrva mImAMsA ke pravartaka jaimini kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai| ye sabhI darzanakAra prAcIna haiN| kintu bauddhamata ke pravartaka kA yA kisI prAcArya kA nAma nirdeza akalaMka deva ne nahIM kiyA hai| yadyapi unake samaya meM bauddha darzana kI hI tUtI bola rahI thI aura apane granthoM meM unhoMne dharmakIrti vagairahakA kAphI khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki unake dvArA nirdiSTa nAma avazya hI kisI paramparAgata srota se unheM prApta hue hoNge| siddhasena gaNi ne bhI apanI tattvArtha bhASya TIkA ke AThaveM adhyAya ke Arambha meM ve hI nAma diye haiM, jo akalaMkadevake tattvArtha vArtikase liye gaye pratIta hote hai| kintu siddhasena gaNi ne yaha nahIM likhA ki dRSTivAdameM ina matoM kA nirUpaNa aura nirAkaraNa thaa| yaha to kevala akalaMkadevane hI likhA hai| akalaMka deva ne dRSTivAda ke pA~ca bheda batalAye haiM-parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga pUrvagata aura cuulikaa| aura pUrvagata ke caudaha bheda ginAye haiM, tathA yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki kisa pUrva meM kina 2 viSayoM kA varNana thaa| akalaMka deva ke pUrvavartI pUjyapAda ne sarvArtha siddhi (a0 1, sU0 20) nAmaka apanI tattvArthavRtti meM bhI dRSTivAda ke ukta pA~ca bheda tathA pUrva ke caudaha bhedoM ke nAma diye haiN| kintu una pUrvo meM varNita viSaya kA nirdeza nahIM kiyaa|

Page #634
zrutaparicaya 606 kalaMka deva ke pazcAt hue zrI vIrasena svAmI ne apanI dhavalA' aura jayadhavalA 2 TIkAoM ke prArambha meM dRSTivAda ke ukta bhedoM kA tathA unameM varNita viSayoM kA pratipAdana karane ke sAtha hI sAtha una saba ke parimANa kA bhI kathana kiyA hai / kalaMka deva ne to kevala caudaha pUrvoM ke hI viSaya kA nirdeza kiyA hai / kintu vIrasena svAmIne dRSTavAdake anya cAra bhedoM meM bhI varNita viSayakA nirdeza kiyA hai / dRSTivAda ke sambandha meM yaha jAnakArI to uttara kAlIna TIkAkAroM se prApta hotI haiN| prAcIna mUla granthakAroM se jo jAnakArI prApta hotI hai vaha isa prakAra hai m digambara paramparA ke do mahAna siddhAnta grantha kucha varSoM se hI prakAza meM Aye haiM / unameM se eka kA nAma hai kasAya pAhuDa aura dUsare kA nAma hai ' chakkhaNDAgama' / donoM siddhAnta granthoM kA nikAsa pUrvoM se huA thA / ye unake dekhane se spaSTa hotA hai / kasAya pAhuDa kI prathama re gAthA meM batAyA hai ki 'jJAna pravAda nAmaka pA~cave pUrva ke dasaveM vastu adhikAra meM pejja prAbhRta hai / usase prakRta kasAya pAhuDa kI utpatti huI hai / TIkAkAra vIrasena svAmI ne likhA haiM ki aMga aura pUrvo kA ekadeza AcArya paramparA se Akara guNadhara AcArya ko prApta huA, aura jJAna 1 106 - 122 tathA pu. 6, pR. 203 - 224 / 132 - 148 / 1 - SaTkha., pu. 1, pR. 2 - ka. pA., bhA. 1, pR. 3 - 'puvvabhi paMcamambhi du dasame vatthumhi pAhuDe tadie / peja' ti pAhuDambhi du havadi kasAyANa pAhuDaM gAma // | 1 | ' - ka. pA., bhA. 1, pR. 10 / 4 - ka. pA., bhA. 1, pR. 87 / 36

Page #635
610 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA pravAda nAmaka pA~cave pUrva kI dasavIM vastu sambandhI tIsare kaSAya prAbhRta rUpI mahA samudra ke pAra ko prApta zrI guNadhara bhaTTAraka ne pravacana vAtsalya se prerita hokara solaha hajAra pada pramANa pejja dosa pAhur3a grantha kA viccheda hone ke bhaya se kevala eka sau assI gAthAoM meM upasaMhAra kiyaa| ____ isI taraha SaTakhaNDAgama kA udgama agrAyaNI' nAmaka dUsare pUrva ke paMcama vastu adhikAra ke caturtha karmaprakRtiprAbhata se huA hai / TIkAkAra vIrasena svAmI ne batalAyA hai ki agrAyaNI pUrva meM caudaha vastu adhikAra hote haiM-pUrvAnta, aparAnta, dhruva adhruva, cayanalabdhi, aopama, praNadhikalpa, artha bhauma, vatAdi (?) sarvArtha, kalpa niryANa, atIta kAla meM siddha aura baddha tathA anAgata kAla meM siddha aura bddh| inameM se cayana labdhi nAmaka pA~cave vastu adhikAra meM prAbhata nAmaka bIsa adhikAra hote haiN| unameM cauthe prAbhRta kA nAma karmaprakRtiprAmRta hai| isa karmaprakRti prAbhRta ke caubIsa adhikAra hote haiN| ____ ukta siddhAnta sUtroM se yaha prakaTa hai ki pUrvo meM vastu aura prAbhata nAma ke adhikAra hote the| vIrasena svAmI ne pratyeka pUrva meM vastu nAmaka adhikAroM kI saMkhyA batalA kara likhA hai ki eka eka vastu adhikAra meM prAbhRta nAmaka bIsa-bIsa arthAdhikAra hote haiM aura ina prAbhatAdhikAroM meM se bhI eka eka arthAdhikAra meM caubIsa-caubIsa anuyoga dvAra nAmaka arthAdhikAra hote haiN| 1-'aggeNIyassa puvvasya vatthussa cauttho pAhuDo kammapayaDI NAma // 45 // ' -ghaTakhaM., pu.6, pR. 134 / 2-ghaTvaM., pu. 1, pR. 123-124 / 3-ka. pA., bhA. 1, pR. 151 /

Page #636
611 zrutaparicaya zrutajJAna ke bIsa bheda SaTkhagaDAgama' ke vargaNA nAmaka khaNDa meM zrutajJAnake bIsa bheda batalAye haiM-paryAya, paryAyasamAsa, akSara, akSara samAsa, pada, padasamAsa, saMghAta, saMghAta samAsa, pratipatti, pratipatti samAsa, anuyoga, anuyogasamAsa, prAbhRta prAmRta, prAbhRtaprAbhRta samAsa, prAbhRta, prAbhUta samAsa, vastu, vastu samAsa aura pUrva, pUrva samAsa / sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyAptaka jIva ke jo jaghanya jJAna hotA hai usakA nAma labdhyakSara hai| yaha jJAna naSTa nahIM hotA isaliye ise akSara kahate haiN| athavA kevala jJAna akSara hai kyoMki usameM hAni vRddhi nahIM hotii| dravyArthika naya kI apekSA cU~ki sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyAptaka jIva kA jJAna bhI vahI hai, isaliye bhI usa jJAna ko akSara kahate haiM / yaha jJAna kevala jJAna kA anantavAM bhAga hai| tathA kevalajJAna kI taraha hI nirAvaraNa hai, kyoMki AgamakA kathana hai ki akSarakA anantavAM bhAga jJAna nitya udghATita rahatA hai / isake AvRta hone para jIvake abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai| isa labdhyakSara jJAna meM saba jIvarAzi kA bhAga denepara jo 1-'pjjy-akkhr-pd-sNghaady-pddivtti-jogdaaraaii| pAhaDapAiDa-vatthU-puvva samAsA ya boddha vvaa||1||-ssttkhN0 pu0 13, pR0 260 // zvetAmbarIya prathama navIna karma grantha meM bhI zrutajJAna ke ye 20 bheda diye haiM yathA-pajjaya akkhara paya-saMghAyA paDivatti taha ya aNu yogo / pAhaDa pAhuDa pAhuDa vatthU puvvA ya sasamAsA // 7 // kintu anyatra sarvatra jJAna kI carcA meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM pUrvokta caudaha bheda hI pAye jAte haiN|

Page #637
612 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0 pIThikA labdha AtA hai use labdhyakSara meM milA dene se paryAyajJAnakA pramANa hotA hai / punaH paryAya jJAna meM saba jIvarAzi kA bhAga dene para jo bhAga labdha Ave use usI paryAya jJAna meM milA dene para paryAya samAsa jJAna hotA hai / antima paryAya samAsa jJAna meM saba jIva rAzi kA bhAga dene para jo labdha Ave use usI meM milAne para akSara jJAna hotA hai / yaha akSara jJAna sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyApta ke anantAnanta labdhyakSaroM ke barAbara hotA hai / akSara ke tIna bheda haiM- labdhyakSara, nirvRtyakSara aura saMsthAnAkSara / sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyAptaka se lekara zrutakevalI paryanta jIvoM ke jitane kSayopazama hote haiM una sabakI labdhyakSara saMjJA hai / jaghanya labdhakSara, sUkSma nigodiyA labdhyaparyAptaka ke hotA hai aura utkRSTa caudaha pUrvadhara ke hotA hai| eka akSara se jo jaghanya zruta jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha akSara zruta jJAna hai / isa isa akSara ke Upara dUsare akSara kI vRddhi hone para akSara samAsa nAmaka zruta jJAna hotA hai / isa prakAra eka eka akSara kI vRddhi hote hue saMkhyAta akSaroM kI vRddhi hone taka akSara samAsa zruta. jJAna hotA hai / saMkhyAta akSaroM ko lekara eka padanAmaka zruta jJAna hotA hai / pada' ke tIna bheda haiM - artha pada, pramANa pada aura madhyamapada / jitane se artha kA jJAna ho, vaha arthapada hai / artha pada ke akSaroM 1 - 'tivihiM padamuddihaM pamANapada mattha majjhimapade ca / majjhima padeNa truttA puvvaMgAMNaM pada vibhAgA // 16 // bArasa sada koDI tesIdi. havaMti taha ha lakkhAiM / aTThAvaraNa sahassaM paMceva padANi sudaNANe | 201 - Sa0, pu0, 13, pR0 266:

Page #638
zru taparicaya kA koI niyama nahIM hai kyoki aniyata akSaroM se artha kA jJAna hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai / ATha akSaroM kA pramANa pada hotA hai aura solaha sau cautIsa karor3a tirAsI lAkha, sAta hajAra ATha sau aTThAsI akSaroM kA madhyamapada hotA hai| madhyama pada ke dvArA pUrva aura aMgoM kA pada vibhAga hotA hai| dvAdazAMga ke padoM kI saMkhyA eka sau bAraha karor3a tirAsI lAkha, aThThAvana hajAra, pA~ca batalAI hai| ina padoM meM saMyogI akSara ho samAna haiM, saMyogI akSaroM ke avayava akSara nahIM, kyoMki unakI saMkhyA kA koI niyama nahI hai| isa madhyama pada zruta jJAna ke upara eka akSara ke bar3hane para pada samAsa zruta jJAna hotA hai| isa prakAra eka eka akSara kI vRddhi hote hote eka akSara se nyUna saMghAta zruta jJAna ke prApta hone taka pada samAsa zru tajJAna hotA hai| usameM eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para saMghAta nAma kA zrutajJAna hotA hai / yaha saMghAta zru tajJAna mArgaNA jJAna kA avayavabhUta hai| jaise gati mArgaNA meM naraka gati viSayaka jJAna saMghAta zruta jJAna hai| saMghAta zruta jJAna ke Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para saMghAta samAsa zru ta jJAna hotA hai| isa prakAra eka eka akSara vRddhi ke krama se bar3hate hue eka akSara se nyUna pratipatti zruta jJAna paryanta saMghAta samAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai| usameM eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para pratipatti zruta jJAna hotA hai| pratipatti zruta jJAna ke Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para pratipatti samAsa zruta jJAna hotA hai, isa prakAra eka eka akSara vRddhi hote hote eka akSara se nyUna anuyoga dvAra zruta jJAna paryanta pratipattisamAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai| usameM eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para anuyoga dvAra

Page #639
614 zruta jJAna hotA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki anuyoga dvAra ke jitane dhikAra hote haiM unameM se eka adhikAra kI pratipatti saMjJA hai / aura eka akSara se nyUna saba adhikAroM kI pratipatti samAsa saMjJA hai / isI taraha pratipatti ke jitane adhikAra hote haiM unameM se eka eka adhikAra kI saMghAta saMjJA hai aura eka akSarase nyUna saba adhikAroM kI saMghAta samAsa saMjJA hai / 0 sA0 i0 pU0 pIThikA jai0 anuyogadvAra zrutajJAna ke Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para anuyoga dvAra samAsa nAmaka zrutajJAna hotA hai / isa prakAra eka eka akSara kI vRddhi hote hote eka akSara se nyUna prAbhRta prAbhRtazruta jJAna ke prApta hone taka anuyoga dvAra samAsa zra zruta jJAna hotA hai / usake Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para prAbhRta prAbhRtazruta jJAna hotA hai / 1 prAbhRta prAbhRta zrutajJAnake Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para prAbhRta-prAbhRta samAsa zrutajJAna hotA / isa prakAra uttarottara eka eka antara kI vRddhi hote hote eka akSarase nyUna prAbhRta zrutajJAnake prApta hone taka prAbhRta prAbhRta samAsa zrutajJAna hotA usake Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi honepara prAbhRta zrutajJAna hotA hai / sArAMza yaha ki eka prAbhRta meM saMkhyAta adhikAra hote haiM / unameM se eka eka adhikAra kI prAbhRta prAbhRta saMjJA hai aura prAbhRta prAbhRtake adhikAroMmeMse pratyeka adhikArakI anuyogadvAra saMjJA hai / Jain Educationa International prAbhRta zrutajJAnake Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi honepara prAbhRta samAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai / isa prakAra uttarottara eka eka akSarakI vRddhi hote hote eka akSarase yUna vastu zrutajJAna ke prApta hone taka prAbhRta samAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai / usameM eka akSara kI For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #640
zrutaparicaya 615 vRddhi honepara vastu zrutajJAna hotA hai / vastu zrutajJAnake Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi honepara vastu samAsa zru tajJAna hotA hai / isa prakAra uttarottara eka eka akSara kI vRddhi hote hue eka akSarase nyUna pUrva zrutajJAnake prApta hone taka vastu samAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai / usake Upara eka akSara kI vRddhi hone para pUrva zruta jJAna hotA hai| pUrva zrutajJAnake jitane adhikAra haiM unameMse pratyeka kI vastu saMjJA hai| aura pUrvagatake jo caudaha bheda haiM unameMse pratyekakI pUrvasaMjJA hai| __ prathama pUrva zrutajJAnake Upara eka akSarakI vRddhi hone para pUrva samAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai| isa prakAra eka eka akSarakI vRddhi hote hue aMga praviSTa aura aMga bAhyarUpa sakala zrutajJAnake saba akSaroMkI vRddhi hone taka pUrva samAsa zrutajJAna hotA hai| zrutajJAnake bIma bhedoMkA ukta vivecana vIrasena svAmIne SaTakhaNDAgamake vargaNA khaNDakI dhavalA TIkAmeM (pR0 261-07) kiyA hai| usIke AdhAra para saMkalita gomaTTasAra jIvakANDake jJAna mArgaNA adhikAra meM bhI unakA vivecana milatA hai| kintu zvetAmbara paramparAke Agamika sAhityameM pUrvameM darzita caudaha bhedoMkA hI nirUpaNa pAyA jAtA hai| ina bIsa bhedoMkA vahA~ saMketa taka bhI nahIM miltaa| hA~, karmavipAka nAmaka prathama karma pranthameM eka gAthAke dvArA ukta bIsa bheda avazya ginAye haiM aura usake racayitA devendra sUrine svopajJa TIkAmeM unakA saMkSipta svarUpa bhI diyA hai aura likhA hai ki vistRta svarUpa jAnaneke 1.---'evamete saMkSepataH zrutajJAnasya viMzati bhedAH darzitAH, vistArArthinA tu vRhatkarmaprakRtiranveSaNIyA' |--s. ca. ka. pR. 16 /

Page #641
jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA lie vRhatkarma prakRtikA anveSaNa karanA caahiye| devendra sUrikI TIkAmeM eka bAta aura bhI ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne padakA svarUpa batalAte hue likhA hai-'jisase arthakA bodha ho usako pada kahate haiM / padake sambandhameM isa prakArake kathana milate haiM tathApi jisa kisI padase prAcAra Adi granthoMkA pramANa aTThAraha hajAra Adi kahe jAte haiM, vahI yahAM lenA caahiye| dvAdazAMga zrutake parimANameM usIkA adhikAra hai| aura yahAM zrutake bheda prastuta haiM / usa prakArakI AmnAyakA abhAva honese usa padakA pramANa jJAta nahIM hai|' ___isase prakaTa hai ki padakA jo pramANa digambara paramparAmeM milatA hai, aura jo Upara batalAyA hai usakI AmnAya zvetAmbara paramparAmeM lupta ho gaI thii| ukta bIsa bhedoMke sambandhameM bhI zAyada aisI hI bAta ho| digambara paramparAmeM bhI zrutajJAnake ukta bIsa bheda kevala SaTkhaNDAgamake sUtrameM hI milate haiN| aura vaha bhI zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karmake bhedoMke vivecanake prasaMga se| ___ yaha hama likha Aye haiM ki agrAyaNI pUrvake cayanalabdhi nAmaka paJcama vastu adhikArake mahAkarmaprakRti nAmaka caturtha prAbhRtase SaTkhaNDAgamakA udgama huA hai| udhara zvetAmbara para 1 - 'padaM tu 'arthaparisamAptiHpadam'ityAdyuktisadbhAve'pi yena kena citpadenA'STAdazapadasahasrAdipramANA aAcArAdigranthA gIyante tadiha gRhyate, tasyaiva dvAdazAGgazrutaparimANe'dhikRtatvAt , zrutabhedAnAmeva ceha prastutatvAt / tasya ca padasya tathAvidhAmnAyAbhAvAt pramANaM na jJAyate |'-s. ca. ka. pR. 16 / 'iha yatrArthoMpalabdhistatpadamityAdi padalakSaNasadbhAve'pi tathAvidhasampradAyAbhAvAttasya prAmANyaM na samavagamyate / ' pra. saaro.dvaa062|

Page #642
617 zru taparicaya mparAmeM bhI ye bIsa bheda karma granthameM hI milate haiM / isase kArmikoM kI paramparAse ina bhedoMkA sambandha jJAta hotA hai| digambara sAhityase to kArmikoM aura saiddhAntikoMkI paramparAkA bheda parilakSita nahIM hotaa| kintu zvetAmbara sAhityase to donoM paramparAoMke astitva tathA matabhedoMpara paryApta prakAza par3atA hai aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye donoM paramparAyeM aneka aMzoMmeM svataMtra thIM, tathA saiddhAntikoMse kArmikoMkI paramparA / prAcIna honeke sAtha hI sAtha prAmANika mAnI jAtI thii| saMbhava hai ki kArmika paramparA pUrvavidoMke uttarAdhikAriyoMkI paramparA ho / isa viSayameM anveSaNakI AvazyakatA hai / astu, zratajJAnake ina bIma bhedoMko dekhakara eka zaMkA honA svA. bhAvika hai / vIrasena' svAmIne svayaM usa zaMkAko uThAkara usakA jo samAdhAna kiyA hai use yahAM dete haiM- zaMkA-caudaha prakIrNaka adhyAya rUpa aMgabAhya, AcAra Adi gyAraha aMga, parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga aura cUlikA, inakA antarbhAva zrutajJAnake ukta bhedoMmeMse kisameM hotA hai ? anuyogadvAra yA anuyogadvAra samAsa jJAnameM to inakA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki ye donoM prAbhRta zrutajJAnase baMdhe hue haiN| prAbhRta prAbhRta yA prAbhRta prAbhRta samAsameM bhI inakA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki ye donoM pUrvagatake avayava haiN| parantu parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, cUlikA aura ekAdaza aMga pUrvagataka avayava nahIM haiM ? isa liye inakA 1-SaTkhaM. pu. 13, pR. 276 /

Page #643
jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA antarbhAva zrutajJAnake ukta bIsa bhedoMmeMse kisI bhI bhedameM nahIM ho sakatA ? samAdhAna- anuyoga dvAra aura anuyogadvAra samAsameM ina sabakA antarbhAva hotA hai| aura anuyoga dvAra tathA anuyoga dvAra samAsa prAbhRta prAbhRtake hI avayava haiM, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| athavA pratipatti samAsa zru tajJAnameM inakA antarbhAva kahanA caahiye| kintu pazcAdAnupUrvIkI vivakSA karane para pUrva samAsa zru tajJAnameM inakA antarbhAva hotA hai| ___ ukta samAdhAna se prakaTa hotA hai ki vastu, prAmRta aura prAbhUta prAbhRta nAmaka adhikAroM kA sambandha kevala pUrvo se haiM, kintu anuyoga dvAra, pratipatti vagairaha gyAraha aMgoM Adi meM bhI hote haiM / pUrva nirdiSTa zvetAmbara sAhitya se bhI yahI tathya prakaTa hotA hai, jaisA pUrva meM likha Aye haiN| isa taraha se gyAraha aMgoM aura pUrvomeM adhyAyagata bheda thA, isa bAta kA samarthana digambara sAhitya se bhI hotA hai / tathA pUrvo ko lekara jo zruta jJAna ke bheda batalAye gaye haiM ve vikAsa krama yA vRddhi krama ko dRSTi meM rakhakara batalAye haiN| ataH pUrvo kA adhyayana athavA jJAna krama se hotA thA, usase bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai| padoM kA pramANa " aMgoM aura pUrvo ke padoM kA pramANa digambara sAhityameM' vistAra se batalAyA hai / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhI batalAyA hai| 1-SaTakhaM, pu. 1, pR066 -107 / 2-'aTThArasa paya sahassA AyAre duguNa duguNa sesesu |-s. ca. ka., pR. 17 /

Page #644
zrutaparicaya pUrvo ke padoM ke pramANa meM to donoM paramparAoM meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai kintu aMgoM ke padoM ke pramANa ko lekara donoM paramparAoM meM bahuta antara hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra pahale AcArAMga meM aTThAraha hajAra pada the, aura Age pratyeka aMga meM krama se dUne dune pada the| kintu digambara paramparA ke anusAra dvAdazAMga ke padoM kA pramANa nIce likhe anusAra thaa| usake sAmane vAlI saMkhyA zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra hai, 18000 26000 72000 1-AcArAGga 18000 2- sUtrakRtAGga 36000 3-sthAnAGga 42080 4-samavAya 164000 5-viyAhapaeNati 228000 6-NAha dhammakahA 556000 7-upAsakAdhyayana 1170800 8--antakRddazA 2328000 6-anuttaropapAdika 6244000 10-prazna vyAkaraNa 9316000 11-vipAkasUtra 18400000 144000 288000 576000 1552000 2304000 4608000 6216000 18432000 - gyAraha aMgoM ke padoM kA jor3a 41502000 36806000

Page #645
620 yahI yahI jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA caudaha pUrvo ke padoMkA pramANa di01 zve02 1-utpAda 10000000 2-agrAyaNI 6600000 3-vIrya pravAda 7000000 4-asti nAsti pra0 6000000 5 jJAna pravAda 6-satya pravAda 10000006 7-AtmapravAda 260000000 8-karma pravAda 18000000 ha-pratyAkhyAna 8400000 10-vidyAnuvAda 51-kalyANa 260000000 12-prANAvAya 130000000 13-kriyA vizAla 60000000 14-loka vindusAra 125000000 yahI yahI 15600000 yahI 1250000 655000005 aMgoMke padoMke pramANakI upapatti digambara sAhitya meM bAraha aMgoM ke padoM kA jor3a eka sau 1-SaTakhaM, pu. 1, pR. 114-122 tathA ka. pA0, bhA. 1 pR0 65-66 / 2-sa. ca. ka., pR. 17-18 / nandI aura samavAyAMga vRti meM utpAda pUrva meM eka karor3a pada batalAye haiM anyatra gyAraha karor3a batalAye haiN| -prava. sAro0,62 dvaa0|| 3- "bArutara saya koDI tesIdi taha ya hoti lakkhANaM / aTThAvaeNa sahassA paMceva padANi aMgANaM "||-go0 jI0 /

Page #646
zrutaparicaya bAraha karor3a terAsI lAkha aTThAvana hajAra pA~ca batalAyA hai / aura aMga bAhaya ke akSaroM' kA pramANa ATha karor3a, eka lAkha, ATha hajAra eka sau picahattara batalAyA hai aura isakA kAraNa batalAte hue upapatti bhI dI hai| zrutake akSara SaTkhaNDAgama ke vargaNA khaNDa meM prathama yaha prazna kiyA hai ki zruta jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI kitanI prakRtiyA~ ( uttara bheda) haiM ? Age usakA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai ki zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kI saMkhyAta prakRtiyA~ haiM kyoMki jitane akSara haiM utane hI zrutajJAna haiM-eka eka akSara se eka eka zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai| ___ akSaroM kA pramANa isa prakAra hai-tetIsa vyaMjana haiM / ai u R la e ai o au ye nau svara hrasva, dIrgha aura pluta ke bheda se sattAIsa hote haiN| prAkRta meM e ai o au kA bhI hrasva bheda calatA hai| aM aH, - ka pa ye cAra ayogavAha hote haiN| isa taraha saba akSara causaTha hote haiN| ina causaTha akSaroM ke saMyoga se jitane akSara niSpanna hote haiM ve bhI una causaTha akSaroM ke hI prakAra haiM, unase bAhara nahIM haiM / unakA pramANa lAne ke 1- aDa koDi e lakkhA aTTha sahassA ya eyasadigaM ca / pagaNacari vaNNAzro paiNNayANaM pamANaM tu // ||-go0 jii| 2-'sudaNANAvaraNIyassa kammassa kevaDiyAzro payaDIao' ||43||-ssttrkh0, pu0 13, pR0 247 / 3 - 'sudaNANAvaraNIyassa kammassa saMkhejjAtro payaDIyo // 44 // 'jAvadiyANi akkharANi akkhara saMjogA vA / 45 // ' SaTakhaM0 pu0 13, pR0 247 / 4-'saMjogAvaraNaTuM causahiM thAvae duve raasiN| aNNoNNasamabbhAso rUvUNaM NidisaM gaNidaM ||46||"ssttkhN0, pu0 13, pR0 248 /

Page #647
622 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA liye cauMsaTha jagaha 'do' kA aMka rakhakara una saba ko paraspara meM guNA karane se 18446744073706551616 itanI rAzi hotI hai| isameM eka kama karane se samasta akSaroM kI saMkhyA AtI hai| isa akSara saMkhyA meM eka pada ke akSaroM kI saMkhyA 16348307888 kA bhAga dene se labdha 112835:005 AtA hai| itane hI dvAdazAMga ke padoM kA pramANa hai aura zeSa bacatA hai8.108173 / yaha aMga bAhya ke akSaroM kA pramANa hai| ____ causaTha mUla akSaroM se jitane akSara niSpanna hote haiM utane hI zruta jJAnake bheda haiM, yaha bAta to spaSTa hai aura vaha bhI spaSTa hai ki kisI bhI bhASA kA koI bhI akSara una akSaroM se bAhara nahIM rahatA sabakA samAveza unhIM meM ho jAtA hai| kintu una samasta akSaroM kI saMkhyA meM jo eka pada ke akSaroM kI saMkhyA se bhAga dekara labdha pramANa dvAdazAMga ke pada batalAye haiM isakA ThIka Azaya vyakta nahIM hotaa| causaTha akSaroM ke saMyoga se jo akSara rAzi utpanna hotI hai vaha apunarukta akSara rAzi hai| aura usI ko pada pramANa se mApa kara dvAdazAMga ke pada batalAye haiN| to kyA dvAdazAMga meM punarukta zabda nahIM hote ? ityAdi aneka zaMkAe~ utpanna hotI haiM jinake samAdhAnakA sAdhana prApya nahIM hai| pahale likha Aye haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM dRSTivAdako 1-'eyaTTha ca ca ya cha sattayaM ca ca ya suNNa satta tiya sattA / suNNaM Nava paNa paMca ya egaM chakkekkago ya paNagaM ca ||13||'--ssttkhN0, pu0 13, pR0 254 / go* jI0, gA0 352 /

Page #648
zrutaparicaya gamika aura kAlika zruta ekAdazAMga ko agamika kahA hai| jisameM sadRza pATha hoM use gAmika aura jisameM asadRza pATha hoM use agamika kahA hai / kintu bhASyakAra bhI use spaSTa nahIM kara sake to becAre TIkAkAra kahA~ se krte|| zvetAmbara paramparA kI Avazyaka niyukti meM bhI zru tajJAna kI prakRtiyA~ vistAra se kahane kI pratijJA karake kahA hai ki loka meM jitane pratyeka akSara aura akSara saMyoga haiM utanI hI zru tajJAna ka' prakRtiyA~ jAnanI cAhiye / phira Age likhA hai ki zra tajJAna ko sarva prakRtiyoMkA kathana karane kI zakti mujhameM nahIM hai isa jiye zrutajJAna ke caudaha bhedoM kA kathana karate haiM / ina caudaha bhedoM kA svarUpa pahale likha pAye haiN| ___ isa taraha jara Avazyaka niyuktikAra ne hI akSara aura akSara saMyoga pramANa zrutajJAna ke bheda batalA kara bhI unakA pratipAdana karane meM apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kI taba bizeSAvazyaka bhASyakAra bhI unakA varNana kahA~ se karate / ataH jaise zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'pada' kA pramANa ajJAta thA vaise hI akSara saMkhyA kA pramANa bhI ajJAta thaa| isI se usameM ukta bAtoM ke sambandha meM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| kintu digambara paramparA meM dvitIya agrAyaNI pUrNa se nisRta SaTakhaNDAgama ke sUtroM se ukta viSayoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai tathA vIrasena svAmI kI dhavalA TIkA se usapara acchA prakAza bhI par3atA hai / tathApi isa sambandha meM 1-'suyaNANe payaDIao vittharato prAvi vocchAmi // 16 // patteyamakkharAI akkhara saMjoga jattiyA loe / evaiyA suyanANe payaDIyo hoti naayvvaa||17|| katto meM vaNNeuM sacI suyanANa savvapayaDIyo / coddasa vihanikkhevaM suyanANe zrAvi vocchaami||18|'-shraa ni /

Page #649
624 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA vizeSa anusandhAna kI AvazyakatA hai; kyoM ki tIrthaGkarakI vANI ko sarva bhASAtmaka kahA hai aura Upara jo zruta ke akSara batalAye haiM unameM saba bhASAoM ke akSaroM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| dRSTivAda meM varNita viSaya kA paricaya akalaMka deva ne tattvArtha vArtika kI vRtti meM bAraha aMgoM meM varNita viSaya kA saMkSipta nirdeza kiyA hai| unake pazcAt hue vIrasena svAmI ne bhI apanI dhavalA tathA jayadhavalA TIkA meM bAraha aMgoM kA viSaya paricaya diyA hai / prathama yahA~ dRSTivAda ke viSaya kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| TippaNa meM zvetAmbara sAhityase prApta jAnakArI kA bhI nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| ___ dRSTivAda ke pA~ca bheda haiM-parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata cuulikaa| inameM se kevala pUrvagata ke 14 bhedoM kA viSaya paricaya akalaMka deva ne karAyA hai| zeSa cAra bhedoM kA nahIM kraayaa| kintu vIrasena svAmI ne unakA bhI viSaya paricaya diyA hai| pahale unhIM cAra bhedoM kA viSaya paricaya diyA jAtA hai| 1 parikarma '" parikarma ke pA~ca bheda haiM-candra prajJapti, sUrya prajJapti, jambadvIpa prajJapti, dvIpa sAgara prajJapti aura vyAkhyA prajJapti / candra prajJapti chattIsa lAkha pA~ca hajAra padoM ke dvArA candramA ke vimAna, Ayu, parivAra, Rddhi, gamana, hAni-vRddhi tathA sakala grAsI, ardha bhAga grAsI yA caturtha bhAgagrAsI grahaNa Adi kA varNana karatI hai| sUrya prajJapti pA~ca lAkha tIna hajAra padoM ke dvArA sUrya sambandhI Ayu, maNDala, parivAra, Rddhi, pramANa, gamana, bimba kI U~cAI,

Page #650
zrutaparicaya 625 dina kI hAni-vRddhi, kiraNoM kA pramANa aura prakAza Adi kA varNana karatI hai| jambUdvIpa prajJapti tIna lAkha paccIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA jambUdvIpa meM sthita bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmi meM utpanna hue manuSyoM aura tiryazcoM kA tathA parvata, nadI, draha. vedikA, meru, vana, Adi kA varNana karatI hai| dvIpasAgaraprajJapti bAvana lAkha chattIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA dvIpoM aura samudroM ke pramANa kA tathA unake antargata nAnA prakAra ke anya padArthoM kA varNana karatI hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti caurAsI lAkha chattIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA rUpI aura arUpI dravyoM kA, bhavya aura abhavya jIvoM kA tathA siddhoMkA varNana karatI hai| 2 sUtra - dRSTivAda kA dUsarA bheda sUtra aTThAsI lAkha padoM ke dvArA jIva abandhaka hai. karma se alipta hI hai, akartA hI hai, nirguNa hI hai, abhoktA hI hai, sarvagata hI hai, aNumAtra hI hai, nizcetana hI hai, svaprakAzaka hI hai, para prakAzaka hI hai, nAsti svarUpa hI hai ityAdi rUpa se nAstivAda, kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda, 1-SaTarkha0 pu0 1, pR. 106-110 / 1-ka0 pA0, bhA0 1, pR: 132-133 / nandi0 sU. 57 kI malaya0 TIkA meM likhA hai-parikarma vA artha hai yogytaapaadn| jisake abhyAsase zeSa sUtrAdi rUpa dRSTivAda ko grahaNa karane meM samartha hotA hai usa zAstra ko parikarma kahate haiN| parikarma ke ukta bheda zvetAmbara paramparA meM nahIM haiN| 2-nandi TIkA meM likhA hai-pUrva gata sUtroM ke artha kA sUcana karane se sUtra kahate haiM / ve sUtra saba dravyoM saba paryAyoM, saba nayoM aura saba bhaMgoM ke pradarzaka hote haiN|

Page #651
626 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA jJAnavAda aura vainayika vAdiyoM ke tIna sau tresaTha matoM kA pUrva pakSa rUpa se varNana karatA hai| tathA usameM trairAzikavAda, niyativAda, vijJAnavAda, zabdavAda, pradhAnavAda, dravyavAda aura puruSavAda kA varNana bhI hai| 3 prathamAnuyoga 'prathamAnuyoga pAMca hajAra padoMke dvArA caubIsa tIrthaGkara, bAraha cakravartI, nau balabhadra, nau nArAyaNa, aura nau prati nArAyaNoMke purANoM kA tathA jina, vidyAdhara, cakravartI, cAraNa muni aura rAjA Adike vaMzoM kA varNana karatA hai| 5 cUlikA dRSTivAdake pA~cave bheda cUlikAke pA~cabheda haiM-jalagatA, thalagatA, mAyAgatA,rUpagatAaura aakaashgtaa| jalagatA cUlikA do karor3a, 1 ka. pA. bhA. 1, pR. 138 / SaTkhaM; pu0 1, pR. 112 / nandI0 TI.-tIrthaGkaroMke pUrva bhavoM kA tathA kalyANakoMkA varNana rahatA hai| 2 SaTkhaM0, pu0 1, pR. 113 / ka. pA0, bhA0 1, pR.136 / zvetAmbarIya sAhityameM likhA hai ki cUlikA coTIko kahate haiN| jaise merU kI cUlikA hai vaise hI dRSTivAdakI cUlikA hai / parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata aura anuyogameM jo ukta anukta artha hote haiM una saba kA saMgraha cUlikAoM meM hotA hai| cUlikA zrAdike cAra pUrvo kI haiM zeSa pUrvokI cUlikA nahIM haiN| prathama pUrvakI cUlikAoMkA pramANa cAra, dUsare pUrvakI cUlikAoMkA pramANa bAraha, tIsare pUrvakI cUlikAkA pramANa aATha aura cauthe pUrvakI cUlikAtroMkA pramANa dasa hai| isa taraha saba cautIsa cUlikAeM haiM |-nndii0 TI0, sU0 57 / pR. 246 /

Page #652
627 zrutaparicaya 'nau lAkha, navAsI hajAra do sau padoMke dvArA jala meM gamana aura jalastambhanake kAraNabhUta maMtra taMtra tapazcaraNa kA tathA agni kA stambhana karanA, agni kA bhakSaNa karanA, agnipara Asana lagAnA, agnipara tairanA adi kriyAoMke kAraNabhUta prayogoMkA varNana karatI hai| thalagatA cUlikA utane hI padoMse kulAcala, meru mahIdhara, giri aura pRthvIke bhItara gamanake kAraNabhUta maMtra taMtra tapazvaraNa kA tathA vAstuvidyA aura bhUmi sambandhI anya zubhAzubha kAraNoM kA varNana karatI hai| mAyAgata cUlikA utane hI padoMke dvArA mahendra jAlakA varNana karatI hai / rUpagatA cUlikA utane hI padoMke dvArA siMha, ghor3A, hAthI, hariNa, kharagoza, vRkSa Adike AkArase rUpa ko badalane kI vidhikA tathA narendravAdakA aura citrakarma, kASThakarma, lepyakarma, lenakarma AdikA varNana karatI hai / AkAzagata cUlikA utane hI padoMke dvArA AkAzameM gamana karaneke kAraNabhUta maMtra taMtra tapazcaraNa Adi kA varNana karatI hai| ina pAMcoM hI cUlikAoMke padoMkA jor3a dasa karor3a unacAsa lAkha chayAlIsa hajAra hai| 4 pUrvokA paricaya 1 utpAdapUrva-jIva, kAla aura pudgala dravyake utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya kA varNana karatA hai| isameM dasa vastu, dosau prAbhRta aura eka karor3a pada hote haiN| 2 agrAyaNIpUrva- kriyAvAda adi kI prakriyA ko agrAyaNI kahate haiM usakA jisameM varNana ho use agrAyaNI pUrva kahate haiM (ta. vA0, pR.74)| agrAyaNI pUrva aMgoMke agra kA kathana karatA hai (SaTakhaM; pu. 1 pR. 115) / agrAyaNI pUrva sAtasau

Page #653
628 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sunaya aura durnayoM kA tathA chai dravya, nau padArtha aura pAMca astikAyoMkA varNana karatA hai ( ka. pAH, bhA. 1, pR. 140) / agra arthAt dvAdazAMgameM pradhAnabhUta vastuke 'ayana' arthAt jJAna ko agrAyaNa kahate haiM / vahI jisakA prayojana ho use agrAyaNIya kahate haiN| vaha sAtasau sunaya durnayoM kA tathA pAMca astikAya, sAta tattva aura nau padArtho kA varNana karatA hai / agra arthAt parimANa, usakA 'ayana' arthAt jAnanA, usake liye jo hitakara ho vaha agrAyaNIya pUrva hai ( nandI0 malaya0 sU0 56 ) / isapUrvameM 14 vastu 280 prAbhata aura chiyAnaveM lAkha pada hote haiN| . 3 vIryAnupravAda-chadmastha kevaliyoMke vIryakA, surendra aura daityapatiyoM kI RddhiyoM kA, narendra, cakravartI aura baladevoMke vIryalAbha karane kA tathA dravyoMke samyaka lakSaNakA kathana karatA hai ( ta. vA0, pR. 74) / vIryAnuSavAda pUrva AtmavIrya, paravIrya, ubhayavIya, kSetravIrya, kAlavIrya, bhavavIrya aura tapavIrya Adi kA varNana karatA hai (ka. pAH, bhA0 1, pR. 140, SaTakhaM; pu. 1, pR. 115) / jisameM ajIvoM kA tathA sakarmA aura niSkarmA jIvoMkA vIrya kahA gayA ho vaha vIryapravAda hai ( nandI0 malayaTIkA, sU. 147) isameM ATha vastu, 160 pAhuDa aura sattara lAkha pada haiN| 4 astinAstipravAda-pAMca astikAyoMkA aura nayoMkA aneka paryAyoMke dvArA yaha hai aura yaha nahIM haiM ityAdi rUpase kathana karatA hai / athavA dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya kI gaugatA aura mukhyatAke dvArA chahoM dravyoMke svarUpakI apekSA astitvakA aura pararUpakI apekSA nAstitvakA kathana karatA hai ( ta0 vA0, pR. 75 ) / svarUpa Adi catuSTaya kI apekSA

Page #654
zrutaparicaya 626 samasta dravyoMke astitvakA aura pararUpa Adi catuSTayakI apekSA unake nAstitva kA kathana karatA hai| ( ka. pA. bhA. 1, pR:1.0-SaTakhaM. pu. 1, pR. 115 ) / lokameM jo vastu jisa prakAra asti athavA nAsti hai. syAdvAda kI dRSTi se vahI asti nAsti rUpa hai ityAdi kathana astinAstipravAda karatA hai ( nandi0. cU0, malaya0,sU0 56 tathA sama0 abha0 TI0sU0 147 ) / isameM 18 vastu, 360 pAhur3a aura sATha lAkha pada hote haiN| 5 jJAnapravAda-pAMco jJAnoMkI utpattike kAraNoMkA viSayoM kA, jJAniyoM aura ajJAniyoM kA tathA indriyoMkA pradhAnarUpase kathana karatA hai ( ta. vA., pR. 75) / pAMca jJAnoM aura tIna ajJAnoM kA kathana karatA hai / ( SaTkhaM0, pR. 116) / mati zruta avadhi manaH paryaya aura kevala jJAna kA kathana karatA hai (ka. pA.141) / ( nandI. malaya. sU. 56 / sama0 abha0 TI0, sU. 147) / isameM 12 vastu, 240 pAhur3a aura eka kama eka karor3a pada haiN| 6 satyapravAda-vacana gupti kA, vacana saMskAra ke kAraNa zira kaNTha Adi ATha sthAnoM kA, bAraha prakAra kI bhASA kA, vaktAoM kA. aneka prakAra ke asatya vacana aura dasa prakAra ke satya vacanoM kA kathana karatA hai ( ta0 vA0, pR075, SaTakhaM0, pR0 116 ) / vyavahAra satya Adi dasa prakAra ke satyoM kA aura saptabhaMgI ke dvArA samasta padArthoM ke nirUpaNa karane kI vidhi kA kathana karatA hai ( ka. pA0, pR0 541) / ( nandi0 malaya0 sU0 46 / sama0 abha0 TI0 sU0 147 ) / isameM bAraha vastu, do sau cAlIsa pAhur3a aura eka karor3a chai pada hote haiM / 7 Atma pravAda -zrAtmA ke astitva nAstitva nityatva anityatva kartRtva bhoktatva Adi dharmoM kA aura cha kAya ke jovoM

Page #655
630 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ke bhedoM kA yukti pUrvaka kathana karatA hai ( ta. vA', pR. 76 ) / jIva vettA hai, viSNu hai, bhoktA hai, buddha hai ityAdi rUpa se AtmA kA varNana karatA hai (SaTakhaM0 pR. 118) / jIva viSayaka nAnA durnayoM kA nirAkaraNa karake jIva dravya kI siddhi karatA hai (ka0 pA., pR. 141 ) (nandI0 cU0, hari0, malaya0, TI0sU0 26 / sama0 abha0 TI0 sU0 147 ) / isameM solaha vastu, tIna sau bIsa pAhur3a aura chabbIsa karor3a pada hote haiN| 8 karma pravAda- karmoM ke bandha udaya upazama nirjarA ava. sthAoM kA, anubhavabandha aura pradeza bandha ke AdhAroM kA tathA karmoM kI jaghanya madhyama utkRSTa sthiti kA kathana karatA hai ( sa. vA. pR. 76) AThoM karmoM kA kathana karatA hai (SaTkhaM0, pR. 121) samavadAna kriyA IryA patha kriyA, tapa aura adhaHkarma kA kathana karatA hai ( ka. pA., pR. 142 ) / prakRti sthiti anubhAga pradeza Adi bhedoM ke dvArA tathA anyAnya uttarottara bhedoM ke dvArA jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha karmo kA kathana karatA hai| ( nandI0 cU0, malaya0, sU0 26 / sama., abha., sU. 147 ) / isameM bIsa vastu, cArasau pAhur3a aura eka karor3a assI lAkha pada hote haiN| pratyAkhyAna- vrata niyama pratikramaNa pratilekhana tapa kalpa upasarga AcAra pratimA virAdhanA, ArAdhanA, aura vizuddhi ke upakramoM kA, muni pada ke kAraNoM kA tathA parimita yA aparimita dravya aura bhAvoM ke tyAga kA kathana karatA hai (ta0 vA0, pR0 76 ) / dravya bhAva Adi kI apekSA parimita kAlarUpa aura aparimita kAlarUpa pratyAkhyAna, upavAsavidhi, pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM kA kathana karatA hai ( SaTkhaM0, pR0 121 ) / nAma sthApanA dravya kSetra kAla aura bhAva ke bheda se aneka prakAra ke

Page #656
zrutaparicaya 631 parimita aura aparimita kAla rUpa pratyAkhyAna kA kathana karatA hai ( ka. pA, pR. 143) / samasta pratyAkhyAna kA kathana karatA hai ( nandi0 cU0, malaya0 sU0 56 / sama. abhaH sU0 147) / isameM tIsa vastu, cha sau pAhur3a aura caurAsI lAkha pada hote haiN| 10 vidyAnupravAda- samasta vidyAoM kA, ATha mahA nimittoM kA, tadviSayaka raja rAzividhi, kSetra zreNI lokapratiSThA, loka kA AkAra aura samuddhAtakA kathana karatA hai| (ta0 vA0, pR0 76) aguSTha prasenA Adi sAta sau alpa vidyAoM kA, rohiNI Adi pA~ca sau mahAvidyAoM kA, aura antarIkSa bhauma aMga svara svapna lakSaNa vyaMjana, cinha ina ATha mahAnimittoM kA kathana karatA hai (SaTkhaM0 pR0 121) / ukta vidyAoM kA tathA una vidyAoM ko sAdhane kI vidhi kA aura siddha huI vidyAoM ke phala kA kathana karatA hai (ka0 pA0, pR0 144 ) / aneka vidyAtizayoM kA kathana karatA hai ( nandI0 cU0, malaya0 sU0 56 / sama0 abha. sU0 147 ) / isameM 15 vastu, tIna sau pAhur3a aura eka karor3a dasa lAkha pada hote haiN| ___ 11 kalyANa pravAda-sUrya candramA graha nakSatra aura tArA gaNoM ke gamana, utpatti, gatikA viparIta phala, zakuna zAstra, tathA arhanta baladeva vAsudeva cakravartI Adi ke garbhAvataraNa Adi mahA kalyANakoM kA kathana karatA hai (ta0 vA0, pR0 77 / SaTkha0 pR0 125 / ka0 pA0, pR0 145) / usameM saba jJAna tapa aura saMyama ke yogoM ko zubha phaladAyI hone se saphala tathA pramAda Adi ko azubha phaladAyI kahA hai ( nandI0 cU0, malaya0 sU0 56 / sama0 abha0 sa0 147 ) / isameM dasa vastu, do sau pAhur3a aura chabbosa karor3a pada hote haiN|

Page #657
632 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrvapIThikA 12 prANAvAya-Ayurveda ke kAya cikisA Adi ATha aMgoM kA, bhUtikarma kA, jA~guli prakrama kA aura prANAyAma kA vistAra se kathana karatA hai ( ta0 vA0 pR0 77 / SaTakhaM0 pR0 122 / ka0 pA0 pR0 146 ) bheda sahita Ayu prANa kA tathA anya prANoM kA kathana karatA hai ( nandI0 cU0, malaya0 suu056| sama0 abha0, sU0 147) / isameM dasa vastu, do sau pAhur3a aura teraha karor3a pada haiM / zvetAmbara ullekha ke anusAra isameM eka karor3a 56 lAkha pada haiN| 13 kriyA vizAla-lekha Adi bahattara kalAoM kA, strI sambandhI causaTha guNoM kA, zilpa kA, kAbya ke guNa doSoM kA, chanda racanAoM kA tathA kriyA ke phala ke bhoktAoM kA kathana karatA hai| (ta0 vA0, pR0 77 / SaTkhaM0 pu01 pR0 122) / nRtya zAstra gItazAstra lakSaNazAstra chandazAstra alaGkArazAstra tathA napusaka strI aura puruSa ke lakSaNa Adi kA kathana karatA hai ( ka0 pA0 pR0 148) / kAyikI Adi kriyAoM kA, sabheda saMyama kriyA kA, tathA chanda kriyA kA varNana karatA hai ( nandI0 malaya0 sU0 56 / sama0 abha0 147 sU0 ) / isameM dasa vastu, do sau pAhur3a aura nau karor3a pada haiN| ___14 loka bindusAra-ATha vyavahAra, cAra bIja, parikarma aura rAzi vibhAga kA kathana karatA hai| (ta0 vA0, pR 78 / SaTkhaM0 pu. 1, pR0 122) / parikarma, vyavahAra, raja rAzi, kalAsavaraNa (gaNita kA eka prakAra ), guNakAra, varga ghana, bIjagaNita aura mokSa ke svarUpa kA kathana karatA hai ( ka. pA0 bhA0 1, pR0 148) / loka vindusArako isa lokameM athavA zAstra rUpI loka meM vindusAra kahA hai ( nandI cU0, malaya0 sU0 56 /

Page #658
zrutaparicaya 633 sama0 abha0 sU0 147 ) / isameM dasa vastu, do sau pAhur3a aura sAr3he bAraha karor3a pada haiN| ___ isa taraha caudaha pUrvo meM 165 vastu aura tIna hajAra nau sau pAhur3a hote haiN| ukta viSaya paricayase jJAta hotA hai ki pUrvomeM AtmA, karma, jJAna, tyAga Adike sAthahI sAtha maMtra taMtra jyotiSa gaNita Ayurveda, kalA AdikA bhI varNana thaa| tathA dArzanika matoM kI prakriyA bhI usameM batalAI gaI thii| isIse pUrvokA pratipAdya viSaya svasamaya aura para samaya donoM kahA hai| arthAt usameM svamatake sAtha paramatoMke siddhAntoMkA bhI pratipAdana thA / isIse bArahaveM aMga kA nAma dRSTivAda thA / caudaha pUrvokA yaha viSaya paricaya upalabdha digambara sAhitya meM sarvaprathama akalaMka devake tattvArtha vArtikameM hI upalabdha hotA hai| unhone kisa AdhArase yaha liyA yaha kaha sakanA zakya nahIM hai| zvetAmbaroMmeM nandi cUrNimeM milatA hai, vahIMse haribhadra, abhayadeva. malayagiri Adi TIkAkAroMne liyA hai| usake avalokanase pUrvo kI viSayasambandhI vividhatA tathA gahanatAkA AbhAsa milatA hai| tathA yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki unakA parimANa bahuta vizAla honA caahiye| yadyapi pratyeka pUrvake vastu aura pAhur3a nAmaka adhikAroMkI jo saMkhyA dI hai vaha ucita hI pratIta hotI hai kintu padoMkA jo pramANa diyA hai vaha avazyahI vismaya kAraka hai| kintu digambara-zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoMke sAhityameM padoM kA pramANa prAyaH ekasA hI milatA hai /

Page #659
634 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ekAdazAMga bArahaveM dRSTivAdake sambandhameM yathA saMbhava prakAza DAlane ke pazcAt aba hama zeSa gyAraha aMgoMkI ora Ate haiN| pUrvo se aMgoM ko utpatti yaha pahale likha Aye haiM ki zvetAmbara sAhityameM kahA hai ki pUvoMse aMgoMkI utpatti huii| vyavahAra' sUtra meM likhA hai ki pahale prAcAra prakalpa nauveM pratyAkhyAna pUrva meM garbhita thaa| vahIMse AcArAMgameM use lAkara rakhA gayA / digambarAcArya pUjyapAdane apanI sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka tatvArthavRttimeM (a0 6; sU0 4) pulAka munikA jaghanya zruta 'AcAra vastu' kahA hai aura utkRSTa zruta abhinnAkSara dasa pUrva kahA hai| yaha hama dekha Aye haiM ki vastu nAmaka adhikAra pUrvomeM hI hote the| ataH 'AcAra vastu' avazya hI kisI pUrvagata honA caahiye| saMbhava hai nauveM pUrvagata hI ho; kyoMki usakA pratipAdya viSaya AcAra hI thaa| yadyapi isase yaha pramANita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki aMgoMkI racanA pUrvose huI thI aura na digambara paramparAmeM aisA koI saMketa hI milatA hai tathApi pUrvavida kA mahattva hI sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai, kevl| 'aMgavid' kA koI mahattva dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| yahI isase prakaTa hotA hai| ___ tathA aMgoMmeM pratipAdita koI viSaya aisA pratIta nahIM hotA, jo pUrvomeM varNita na ho| isase bhI zvetAmbarIya sAhityake ukta 1-aAyArapakappo U navame puvvaMmi aAsi sodhI ya / tatto ciya nijUDho ihAhi to kiM na suddhibhave // 171 / / -vya0 sU0, 3u0 /

Page #660
635 zrutaparicaya kathanakA samarthana kiyA jA sakatA hai| astu, aba hama pratyeka aMgakA viSaya paricaya dekara usake sAtha zvetAmbarIya gyAraha aMgoMkA bhI kramazaH yathA saMbhava samIkSApUrvaka paricaya kraayeNge| 1 AcArAMga-AThazuddhi, tInagupti, pA~ca samiti rUpa caryA kA kathana karatA hai ( ta0 vA0, pR0 72 ) / muniko kaise calanA cAhiye, kaise khar3A honA cAhiye, kaise baiThanA cAhiye, kaise sonA cAhiye, kaise bhojana karanA cAhiye aura kaise bolanA cAhiye, ityAdikA kathana karatA hai (SaTakhaM0 pu. 1, pR0 66 / ka0 pA0, bhA0 1 pR0 122) / isameM aTThAraha hajAra pada the| ___ vartamAna zve0 AcArAMga sUtrameM bhikSuoMkI caryA batalAI hai| isameM do zruta skandha haiN| prathama zru taskandha 'bambhaceriya'meM ATha adhyayana haiM- 1 sattha pariNNA, 2 loga vijao, 3 sIosaNija, (zItoSNIya , 4 sammatta, 5 AvaMtI athavA logasAra, 6 dhUya, 7 vimoha, 8 uvahANa suya / nauvAM mahApariNNA naSTha ho gyaa| isase vajra svAmI ne zrAkAza gAminI vidyAkA uddhAra kiyA thaa| zIlAMkAcAryake matase mahAparigaNA AThavAM adhyayana thA, vimokSAdhyayana sAtavAM aura 'uvahANa suya' nauvAM / aisA vi0 pra0 (pR0 51 ) meM likhA hai| kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai| AcArAMga' niyuktimeM mahAparigaNAkA nambara 7vAM hai| 1--sattha pariNNA logavijatro ya sIaosaNija smmttN| taha logasAranAmaM dhuyaM taha mahAparigaNA ya / / 31 / / aTThamae ya vimokkho uvahANasuyaM ca navamaMga bhaNiyaM / icceso aAyAro aAyAraggANi sesANi / / 32 ||-shraacaa0 ni0 /

Page #661
636 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA tadanusAra 'zIlAMkAcAryane bhI mahApariNNAko sAtavAM hI batalAyA hai| prathama adhyayana satthapariNNA yA zastraparijJAmeM jIvakA astitva batalAkara unakI hiMsA Adi na karanekA arthAt jIva saMyamakA vidhAna hai| dUsare loka vijaya adhyayanameM batalAyA hai ki loka ATha karmose kaise ba~dhatA hai aura kaise bandhanase chUTanA caahiye| tIsare zItoSNIya adhyayanameM batalAyA hai ki anukUla pratikUla zItoSNa parISahako sahanA caahiye| cauthe samyaktvameM batalAyA hai ki sanmArgameM dRr3hatApUrvaka pravRtti karanI caahiye| pA~cave lokasArameM batalAyA hai ki asArako chor3akara sArabhUta ratnatrayako grahaNa karanA caahiye| chaThe dhUtameM batalAyA hai ki muniko niHsaGga rahanA caahiye| sAtaveMmeM batalAyA hai ki mohase utpanna parISaha aura upasargoko bhaleprakArase sahanA caahiye| AThaveM vimokSameM antakriyAkA kathana hai| nauveM upadhAnameM batalAyA hai ki Uparake ATha adhyayanoMmeM jina bAtoMkA kathana kiyA gayA hai usakA pAlana mahAvIra prabhune kiyA thaa| DA0 jekobI, viMTaranITasa Adi kA mata hai ki prathama zrutaskandha dUsarese prAcIna hai| tathApi pahalemeM viruddha jAtIya tAttvoMko ekatra baiThAnekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| sUtra gadya rUpa bhI 1-'adhunA saptamAdhyayanasya mahAparijJAkhyasyAvasaraH tacca vyavacchinam'-aAcA0 ni0, pR0 235 pU0 / 2--jiasaMjamo alogo jaha banjhai jaha ya taM pajahiyavvaM / suha dukkhatitikkhAvi ya sammattaM logasAro ya // 30 // nissaMgayA ya chaThe mohasamutthA parIsahuvasaggA / nijANaM aTThamae navame ya jiNeNa evaM ti // 34 //

Page #662
zrutaparicaya haiM aura padya rUpa bhI haiM jaisAki bauddha sAhityameM prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai| kabhI dUrataka gadyAtmaka sUtra cale gaye haiM, to kabhI gadya padyAtmaka aura kabhI kevala padyAtmaka / (hi0 iM0 li0, bhA0 2,, pR0 415.436 ) / isa prakAra prathama zruta skandhameM nau adhyayana haiN| dUsare zrutaskandhau 16 adhyayana haiM-piMDesaNA 1, sejjA (zayyA) 2,, iriyA ( I ) 3, bhAsAjAyaM 4, vatthesaNA ( vastraiSaNA) 5, pAesaNA ( pAtraiSaNA ' 6, uggaha paDimA 7, sAta sattikkayA 14, bhAvaNA 15, aura vimuttI 16 / isa taraha saba paccIsa adhyayana haiM / aba caubIsa haiN| prathama zruta skandhameM 44 aura dUsaremeM 34 uddesa haiM / kintu pahale 78 nahIM kintu 85 uddesaga the| dUsare zruta skandhameM muni sambandhI AcAroMkA hI vizeSa rUpa se kathana hai / DA0 viMTaranITsakA kathana hai ki dUsarA zruta skandha prathama zruta skandhase bahuta arvAcIna hai| yaha bAta usameM jo cUlA haiM, unase prakaTa hotI hai| prathama do cUlAoMmeM sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM ke dainika AcArakA kathana hai / unameM batalAyA hai ki. sAdhukA. kaise AhAra lenA cAhiye, kaise calanA cAhiye aura kaise jIvanayApana karanA cAhiye / tIsarI cUlAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI jIvanI hai| skandhake antameM bAraha padya haiM jinameM varNita viSaya bauddha thera gAthAoMkA smaraNa karAtA hai (hi0 iM0 li., ji0 2, pR0 438) AcArAMga sUtrapara niyukti hai jise bhadravAhu kRta kahA jAtA hai| eka cUrNi hai aura zIlAMka (876 I0) kI TIkA hai| 2 sUtrakRtAMga-jJAnavinaya, prajJApana, kalpyAkalpya, chedopasthApanA tathA vyavahAra dharmakA kathana karatA hai ( ta0 vA0, pR0

Page #663
638 jai0 sA0 I0 pU0-pIThikA 73 / SaTkhaM0 pu. 1, pR0 66) / sva samaya parasamayakA tathA strI sambandhI pariNAma, klIvatva, asphuTatva, kAmAveza. vilAsa, rati sukha, aura puruSakI icchA karanA Adi strIke lakSaNoMkA kathana karatA hai (ka0 pA0, bhA0 1, pR0 122 ) / eka sau assI kriyAvAdI, caurAsI akriyAvAdI, sar3asaTha ajJAnavAdI, aura battIsa vainayikavAdI, isa taraha tIna sau tresaTha matoMkA khaNDana karake sva. samayakI sthApanA karatA hai ( nandI0 sU0 47; sama0 sU0 147 ) / usameM chattIsa hajAra pada hote haiM / ___ vartamAna 'sUtrakRtAMgameM do zru ta skandha haiM / prathama zrutaskandha zloka tathA anya chandoMmeM nibaddha hai / dUsarA zruta skandha adhyayana 5.6 ko chor3akara gadyameM racA gayA hai| donoM zruta skandhoM meM 23 adhyayana haiM-prathamameM 16 aura dUsaremeM sAta / inake nAma vi0 pra0 (pR0 52 ) meM diye haiN| 1 samaya-isameM cAra uddeza haiN| tathA cArvAka, bauddha, niyativAda Adi darzanoMkI samIkSA hai / prathama uddezakI samApti isa zlokAdhake dvArA hotI hai-'nAyaputte mahAvIre evaM prAha jiNottama' 2 veyAlIya-vetAliya-vaidArika-isameM tIna uddeza haiN| prathama kA Arambha isa prakArase hotA hai_ 'saMbujjhaha kiM na bujjhaha saMvohI khalu peJca dullahA' jisa chandameM yaha padya racA gayA hai use piMgala tathA varAhamihira ne vetAlIyA kahA hai| zAyada isIse isa adhyayanakA nAma vetAlIya rakhA gayA hai| kintu DA0 vebarakA kahanA hai 'sUtra'kRtAMgake vetAlIya nAmaka adhyayanake kAraNa hI ukta 1-'sUyagaDe suyakhaMdhA donniu paDhamammi solasajjhayaNA / cau, tiya, cau, do do ekkArasa paDhama suyakhaMdhassa // 1 // -vi0 pra0, pR0 52 /

Page #664
zrutaparicaya 636 chandako vetAlIya nAma milA hai| aura isaliye ve' isa granthako bahuta prAcIna batalAte haiN| eka ullekhanIya bAta aura bhI isameM hai| mAhaNa ( brAhmaNa ) zabda kA prayoga munike arthameM kiyA gayA hai| mA-hana-hiMsA na karanevAlA / DA0 vebara ise bhI prAcInatA kA sUcaka batalAte haiN| isa adhyayanameM hita-ahitakA upadeza diyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke liye-eka padyameM kahA hai-'jo puruSa kaSAyoMse yukta hai vaha cAhe naMgA aura kRza hokara vicare, cAhe eka mAsake pazcAt bhojana kare, parantu anantakAla taka use janmadhAraNa karanA par3atA hai|' adhyayanakA aMtima vAkya isa prakAra hai'evaMse udAhu aNuttaranANI aguttaradaMsI aNuttaraNANa dasaNadhare arahA nAyayutte bhagavaM vesAlie viyAhie // 22 // tti bemi|' __ sudharmAsvAmI apane ziSya jambU svAmIse kahate haiM-'uttama jJAnI, uttama darzanI, sarvotkRSTa jJAna darzanake dhAraka arhanta nAtaputta bhagavAna ne vizAlA nagarImeM kahA thA, so maiM Apase kahatA huuN|' TIkAkAra zIlAMka ne prArambhameM isa adhyayanakA sambandha bhagavAna AdinAthase jor3A hai| arthAt bhagavAna AdinAtha ne apane putroMko lakSya karake aisA kahA aura isI liye antima ukta vAkyakA artha karate hue usakI saMgati bhI bhagavAna RSabhadeva 1-inDi0 eNTi0, ji0 17, pR0 344-345 / 2-'jaivi ya NigaNe kise care, jayaviya bhuMjiya mAsa yNtso| je iha mAyAi mijaI zrAgaMtA gabbhAya [taso / / 6 / / '

Page #665
640 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ke sAtha baiThanekI koziza kI hai| kintu ukta vAkyase spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahavIrako lakSya karake hI ukta vAkya diyA gayA hai / 3-uvasagga parinnA ( upasarga parijJA)-isameM cAra uddeza haiN| upasargoMse bacanekA upadeza hai / 4-itthI parinnA ( strI parijJA )-isameM do uddeza haiN| isameM batalAyA hai ki striyoMke upasargase bhraSTa hue sAdhu duHkha bhogate haiN| ataH striyoMkI ora AkRSTa nahIM honA cAhie / 5-naraya vibhatto ( naraka vibhakti)-do uddeza haiM / isameM narakake duHkhoMkA varNana hai / prArambhika' padyameM sudharmA svAmI jambU svAmIse kahate hai-'maiMne kevala jJAnI maharSi mahAvorase pUchA thA narakameM kaisA duHkha hai ? Apa jAnate haiN| mujhako kahiye ki jIva kisa taraha narakako prApta hote haiN|' 6-vIratthavo ( vIrastava ;-isameM vIra prabhukI stuti hai / prArambhika padyoM meM kahA gayA hai-zramaNa, brAhmaNa gRhastha aura anya tIrthiyoMne pUchA-'ekAnta rUpase kalyANakArI dharmakA upadeza denevAlA vaha kauna hai ? usa jJAnaputrake jJAna darzana zIla kaise the / Apa yaha saba jAnate haiM so hameM kahiye / ' 8-kusIla paribhAsiya ( kuzIla paribhASA)-isameM batalAyA hai ki agni AdikA Arambha karane vAlA hiMsaka hai / namaka khAnA chor3a denese, prabhAta kAla meM snAna karanese aura agni homase mokSa nahIM milatA / ataH sAdhu anuddiSTa bhojanase apanA 1-'pucchissa 'haM kevaliyaM mahesi kahaM miktA vA NaragA puratthA / ajANatro meM muNi bUhi jANaM kahiM nu bAlA narayaM uviMti / / 1 / / ' 2-'pucchissu NaM samaNA mAhaNA ya agAriNo yA para titthitrA ya / se kei NegaMtahiyaM dhammamAhu aNelisaM sAhu samikkhayAe // 1 / / '

Page #666
641 zrutaparicaya nirvAha kare aura saba duHkhoMko sahana kare / aisA karanese vaha saMsAra samudrase pAra ho jAtA hai| 8-viriya (vIrya)-pramAda karanA bAla vIrya hai aura pramAda na karanA paMDita vIrya hai / bAla vIrya jIvoMko anantakAla taka kaSTa detA hai| ataH sAdhu kaSAyoMko jIte, pApoMkA tyAga kare, pApakA anumodana na kare aura parISaha upasargoMko she| ____E-dhammo ( dharma -isameM parigrahakI burAI batalAI hai aura likhA hai ki dhana putra jJAti AdikA moha chor3akara dharmakA pAlana karanA cAhiye / 10-samAhi ( samAdhi -isameM batalAyA hai ki sAdhu gharase nikalakara pravrajyA dhAraNa karake nirAkAMkSa ho jAya, nidAnakA chedana karake zarIrase mamatva tyAga de aura na jIvanakI icchA kare aura na maraNa kii| 11-maggo ( mArga)-chai kAyake prANiyoMkI hiMsA na karanA mokSakA mArga hai| sAdhu sAvadha karmakI anumati na de / eka' padyameM kahA hai-'jo buddha bhUtakAlameM ho cuke aura jo bhaviSyakAlameM hoMge unakA AdhAra zAnti hai|' TIkAkAra ne buddhakA artha tIrthaGkara kiyA hai| 12-samosaraNa-isameM kriyAvAdI ajJAnavAdI aura vainayikavAdiyoMke matoMke doSa dikhalAkara svamatakA darzana karAyA gayA hai / antameM kahA hai-'sAdhu manohara zabda aura rUpameM Asakta na ho, amanojJa gaMdha aura rasase dveSa na kare tathA jIne aura maranekI 1-je ya vuddhA atikkatA je ya buddhA aNAgayA / saMti tesiM paiTThANaM bhUyANaM jagatI jahA // 36 //

Page #667
642 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA icchA na karatA huA saMyamase gupta aura mAyAse rahita hokara rhe| 13-ahatahaM ( yathAtathaM )-isameM samyak cAritrakA varNana karate hue pArzvastha Adi muniyoMkA svarUpa batalAyA hai| 14-gaMtha (prantha )-AcAryakI AjJA pAlana karatA huA sAdhu vinaya sIkhe, sadA gurukulameM nivAsa kare, maMtra vidyAkA prayoga na kare, Adi kathana hai| __ 15-jamaIyaM ( yamatItaM )-tIrthaGkarakA upadeza hI satya hai, vaira na karanA sAdhukA dharma hai. strI sevana na karanevAlA puruSa sabase pahale mokSagAmI hotA hai, Adi kathana hai / 16-gAhA (gAthA )-isameM mAhana, zramaNa, bhikSu aura nigrantha zabdoMkI vyAkhyA hai / dUsare zrutaskandhameM sAta adhyayana haiN| zuruke cAra adhyayana gadyameM haiN| 1 puMDarie (puNDarikA)--isameM sarovarake bIca meM sthita kamalase mokSakI tulanA kI hai tathA batalAyA hai ki kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, vinayavAdI aura ajJAnavAdI usa kamala yAnI mokSako lenekA saMkalpa karate haiM kintu kAmabhoga rUpI kocar3ameM phaMse raha jAte haiN| isa adhyayanakA prArambha 'suyaM me AusaM teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM'-'AyuSmana ! maiMne sunA una bhagavAna ne aisA kahA thA' vAkyase hotA hai| isake dvitIya bhAgako chaThe aMgake adhyayana 2-4 meM bhI doharAyA hai| 2 kiriyA ThANaM ( kriyA sthAna )-isameM bAraha sAMparAya kriyAoMko tyAgakara 'IryA patha'ko aMgIkAra karanekA upadeza hai /

Page #668
zrutaparicaya 643 3 AhAra parinnA (AhAra parijJA )-zuddha eSaNIya AhAra sambandhI varNana hai| 4 paJcakkhAna kiriya (pratyAkhyAna kriyA)-jisane prANiyoM ke ghAtakA pratyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA hai vaha unakA ghAta na karanepara bhI unakA hiMsaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa praznakA samAdhAna dRSTAnta dekara kiyA hai| 5 aNagAraM-anayAra sutaM ( anAcAratha taM )-isameM AcAra ko svIkAra karane aura anAcArako tyAganekA vidhAna hai / yaha adhyayana 34 padyoMmeM hai| 6 adaijjaM (AdrakIyaM )-isameM Adraka kumArakA gozAla Adi anya tIrthayoMke sAtha zAstrArthakA vivecana hai / isameM 55 padya haiM / antima padya 'buddhassa ANAe' AdimeM vIra kA nirdeza 'buddha' zabdase kiyA gayA hai / __7 nAlaMda ijja (nAlandIyaM)--yaha gadya meM hai| isameM batalAyA hai ki nAlandAmeM lepa gAthApatike bagIce meM Thahare hue bhagavAna gautamake pAsa udaka peDhAlaputra AtA hai aura unase vAda pUrvaka prazna karatA hai / gautama svAmI usako aneka rItise uttara dete haiN| yaha udaka pArzvanAthakI paramparAkA thaa| gautamake uttaroMse santuSTa hokara vaha caturyAma dharmako chor3akara sapratikramaNa paJca mahAvrata rUpa dharmako svIkAra kara letA hai / isa taraha sUtra kRtAMgameM sAdhuoMkI dhArmika caryAkA varNana hai tathA anya tIrthakoMke matoMkA khaNDana hai / akalaMka deva ne jo 1-prathama padya isa prakAra hai-'zrAdAya vaMbhaceraM ca prAsupanna imaM vii| assi dhamme aNAyAraM nAyareja kayAivi // 1 //

Page #669
644 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA isa aMgakA pratipAdya viSaya batalAyA hai usameM svasamaya parasamaya nirUpaNakA nirdeza nahIM hai, kintu vIrasena svAmI ne usakA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / akalaMka devake anusAra to dRSTivAdakA pratipAdya viSaya svasamaya aura parasamaya hai / dRSTivAdake eka bhedakA nAma bhI 'sUtra' hai| vIrasena svAmIke anusAra usameM 363 matoMkA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / nandisUtrake anusAra bhI 'sUtra meM terAsiya Adi matoMkA khaNDana-maNDana thA / saMbhava hai ki isa dusare aMgakA nikAsa dRSTivAdake sUtra nAmaka bhedase huA ho / isIse donoMmeM nAma sAmyake sAtha viSayameM bhI AMzika samAnatA hai| pro0 viMTaranITsa kA kahanA hai ki do zrutaskandhoMmeMse prathama zrutaskandha prAcIna hai aura dUsarA zrutaskandha kevala eka pariziSTa hai jo bAdako jor3a diyA gayA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki prathama zrutaskandha eka hI vyaktike dvArA racA gayA ho| usase bhI adhika sambhava yaha hai ki kisI saMgrAhakane eka pustaka kA rUpa deneke liye vibhinna padyoM aura upadezoM ko eka prakaraNa rUpameM saMyukta kara diyA ho| isake viparIta dUsarA zrutaskandha, jo gadyameM likhA gayA hai, bhahe DhaMgase ekatra kiye gaye pariziSToM kA kevala eka piNDa hai| phira bhI bhAratake dhArmika sampradAyoke jIvana kA jJAna karAne kI dRSTi se dUsarA bhAga bhI mahattvapUrNa hai|' (hi0 i. li.,. ji. 2, pR. 441) / ___ isa aMga para bhI eka niyukti, cUrNi tathA zIlAMka kI saMskRta TIkA hai| isa aMga kA jarmana bhASAmeM anuvAda DA0 jekAvIne kiyA thaa| usakA aMgrejI anuvAda ( se. bu. I. ji. 45 meM) prakAzita ho cukA hai|

Page #670
zrutaparicaya 645 3 sthAnAMga -- isameM aneka jagaha pAye jAne vAle arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai ( ta. vA. pR. 73 ) / eka ko Adi lekara kottara kramase sthAnoM kA varNana karatA hai ( SaTkhaM, pu. 1, pR., - 100 / ka. pA. bhA. 1, pR. 123 ) / isameM jIva, ajIva, svasamaya, para samaya loka, loka lokAloka Adi ko vyavasthita kiyA jAtA hai (nandI. sU. 48, samaya. sU. 138 ) / isameM digambaroMke anusAra bayAlIsa hajAra aura zvetAmbaroMke anusAra bahAttara hajAra pada haiM / vartamAna sthAnAMga sUtra meM dasa adhyayana haiN| unameM ekase lekara dasa saMkhyA taka arthoM kA kathana hai / tadanusAra hI pahale adhyayana kA nAma eka sthAnika, dUsarekA dvisthAnika, tIsarekA tristhAnika ityAdi kramase hai / zurUke pAMca adhyayanoMmeM uddezavibhAga hai, zeSa meM nahIM hai / isa aMga meM kucha ullekhanIya bAte haiM unakA yahAM nirdeza karanA anucita na hogA / 1 vastra dhAraNa karaneke tIna kAraNa batalAye haiM - lajjA, jugupsA aura parISaha / ina tIna kAraNoMse sAdhu ko vastradhAraNa karanA cAhiye / 2 bharata aura airAvata kSetroM meM prathama aura antima tIrthaGkara ko chor3akara zeSa bAIsa tIrthaGkara caturyAma dharma kA upadeza karate 1 'tihiM ThANehiM vatthaM dharejjA, taM. - hiripattiyaM dugaMchApattiryaM parIsahapattiyaM // 171 // ' 2 -- bharaheravasu NaM vAsesu purima-pacchibhavajjA majjhimagA vAvI saM arahaMtA bhagavaMtA cAujjAmaM dhammaM parANavaiti taM saJcAto pANAtivAyA veramaNaM, evaM musAvAyAzro veramaNaM, savvAto dinnAdAraNAzro

Page #671
jai0 646 haiM- samasta prANAtipAtakA tyAga, asatyakA tyAga, zradattAdAna kA tyAga aura samasta parigraha kA tyAga | saba mahAvidehoM meM bhagavAna ahanta caturyAmadharmakA upadeza karate haiN| 0 sA0 i0 pU0 pIThikA 3 pAMca' kAraNoMse acelapanA ( vastratyAga ) prazasta haiMdekhabhAla kama karanI par3atI hai 1, prazasta lAghatra rahatA hai 2, vizvasanIya rUpa hai, jinAnumata tapa hai 4, aura mahAn indriya nigraha hotA haiM / ' isakI TIkAmeM TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUrine likhA haijisake vastra nahIM hote use acela kahate haiM / vaha jinakalpI vizeSa hotA hai / aura sthavirakalpI alpa mUlya vAle vastradhAraNa karane se athavA alpa vastradhAraNa karanese athavA parimita jINa malina vastradhAraNa karanese acela kahalAtA hai | Agamika sAhitya ke sabhI TIkAkAroM ne vastra pAtra kA khUba poSaNa kiyA hai, astu / veramaNaM, savvAo bahiddhAdAgA ( pariggahA ) zrI veramaNaM / savvesu mahAvidehetu arahaMtA bhagavaMto cAujjAmaM dhammaM parANavayaMti ( sU. 266 ) / Jain Educationa International 1 - paMcahi ThANehi, acela pasatthe bhavati, taM. - appA paDihA, lAghava patye, rUve vesAsite, tave annAteM, viule iMdiyaniggahe, ( sU. 455 ) / 2--' na vidyate celAni - vAsAMsi yasyAsAvacelakaH, sa ca jinakalpika vizeSaH --- sthavira kalpika zcAlpAlpamUlyasapramANa jIrNamalinavasanatvAditi / ' - sthA0, sU0 457 / For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #672
zrutaparicaya 647 4 - isameM 1 bhagavAna mahAbIra ke tIrtha meM hue sAta ninhavoM ke nAma, unake kartA vyakti aura unake sthAnoMkA nirdeza hai / 2 5 - zreNika ke tIrthakara hone kA kathana karate hue likhA hai - ki jaise mahAbIra bhagavAna ne nigrantha zramaNoM ke liye naMgA rahanA, dIkSita honA, snAna nahIM karanA, dantadhAvana nahIM karanA, chAtA nahIM lagAnA, jUtA nahIM pahananA, bhUmi zayyA, phalaka zayyA kASTha zayyA, keza loca, brahmacarya, Adi kA upadeza diyA, vaise zreNika bhI prathama tIrthakara mahApadma hokara nirgrantha zramaNoM ke liye yahI saba mArga batalAyegA / 6 - zva etAmbara 3 mata meM dasa Azcarya mAne gaye haiM, jinameM eka mahAbIra kA garbhaparivartana bhI hai una dasa accheroM kA bhI isameM nirdeza hai / isa aMga meM nirdiSTa katipaya viSayoM se isakI prAcInatA 1 - 'samaNassa NaM bhagavo mahAvIrasya tityaMsi satta pavataraNa nirAhagA paM0, taM0 - bahuratA jIvapatesitA zravatitA sAmuccheittA dokiritA terAsitA baddhitA / ( sU0 587) / 2--....... * se jahAnAma te ajjo ! mate samaNANaM niggaMthANaM naggabhAve muMDabhAve rAhANate zradaMtavaNe evameva mahApaune vi arahA samaraNANaM niggaMthANaM naggabhAvaM jAva lAvaladdha vitti parANavehitI ...( sU0 663 ) / 3 - 'dasa accheragA paM0, taM0 -- uvasagga gabbhaharaNaM itthItitthe bhAviyA parisA / kaNahassa avarakaMkA uttaraNaM caMda sUrANaM // 1 // harivaMsa kuluppattI camaruppAto ta aTThasya siddhA | saMjatesu pUyA dasavi teNa kAle || 2 || ' Jain Educationa International .. For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #673
648 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA saMdigdha hai| sthAna' 4-1 meM aMgabAhya rUpa se cAra pannattioM kA nirdeza hai-ve cAra pannatti haiM-caMda pannatti, sUra pannatti, jambU dvIpa pannatti aura dvIpa sAgara pannatti / isI taraha sthA02 3-1 meM bhI tIna pannattioM ke par3hane kA nirdeza hai| ____ zvetAmbara sampradAya meM caMda pannatIko sAtavA~ sUrapannati ko pA~cavA~ aura jambUdvIpa pannatti ko chaThA upAMga mAnA hai / ina upAMgoM meM eka dvIpasAgara pannatI ko aura milA diyA hai / ise koI svataMtra grantha zvetAmbara AgamoMmeM nahIM mAnA hai| aMgoMmeM upAMgokA nirdeza eka vicitra hI bAta hai| tathA yahA~ unako jo aMgabAhya kahA gayA hai yaha bhI vicitra hai kyoMki ina pannatiyoMkI gaNanA aMga bAhyameM nahIM kI gaI hai| sAtha hI dvIpasAgara pannati nAmaka koI svataMtra grantha zvetAmbara sampradAya meM nahIM hai| digambara sAhitya meM ukta cAroM pannatiyoMko dRSTivAdake eka bheda parikarma ke antargata mAnA hai| sthAna 10 meM eka aura ullekhanIya kathana hai / vaha hai' dazA nAmaka daza granthoMkA nirdeza / pratyekameM dasa dasa adhyayana batalAye 1- 'cattAri pannatIao aMgabAhiriyAto paM0, taM0-caMda pannattI, sUra pannattI, jaMvUdIva pannattI dIvasAgara pannatI' ( sU. 277 ) / 2-'to pannattIao kAleNa ahijjati taM0-caMdapannatI sUra pannatI dIvasAgara pannatI' / ( sU. 152 ) / 3- 'dasa dasAno paM0 taM0-- kammavivAga dasAzro, uvAsaga dasAyo, aMtagaDadasAao, aNutarovavAya dasAyo, aAyAra dasAo, paNhA vAgaraNa dasAno, baMdhadasAno, dogiddhI dasAno, dIha dasAno, saMkhevita dasAzro / sthA0, pR, 476 /

Page #674
646 zrutaparicaya haiM aura una adhyayanoMke nAma bhI diye haiM dasa dazAoMmeMse cAra nAma isa prakAra hai-uvAsagadasA,aMtagaDadasA,aNuttarovavAya dasA aura paNhAvAgaraNa dasa / ye cAro krama se sAtavAM AThavAM nauvAM aura dasavAM aMga haiN| prathama dazA kA nAma 'kammavivAga dasA' hai jo gyArahaveM aMga vipAka sUtra kA smaraNa karAtA hai| TIkA. kAra abhaya deva kA kahanA hai ki gyArahaveM vipAka sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha kA nAma karmavipAka dazA hai| eka 'AcAra dazA' hai / ise TIkAkAra dazA zrutaskandha batalAte haiM jo chai cheda sUtroM meM se hai| zeSa cAra dazAoM se TIkAkAra bhI apane ko aparicita batalAte haiN| yahA~ pratyeka dazA ke dasa dasa adhyayana batalAye haiN| uvAsaga dazA nAmaka sAtaveM aMga meM dasa adhyayana pAye jAte haiN| kintu AThaveM aMga antagaDa dazA aura nauve aMga anuttarovavAsa dazA meM krama se nauve aura tetIsa adhyayana ( vi0 pra0 pR0 56 ) batalAye haiN| ataH DA0vevara kA kahanA thA ki AThaveM aura nauveM aMga kI jo pratiyAM hamAre sAmane haiM, sthAnAMga sUtra ke racayitA ke sAmane unase bhinna pratiyAM thiiN| tathA sthAnAMga meM antagaDa0 aura anuttaropAtameM jo dasa dasa adhyayana ginAye haiM ve 1-karma vipAkadazA-vipAkazrutAkhyaikAdazAGgasya prathama zrutaskandhaH,...aAcAra dazAH dazAzrutAskandha iti yA rUr3hA....prabha vyAkaraNa, dazAH dezamamaGgamiti, tathA bandhadazA-dvigRddhi dazA dIrgha-dazA saMkSepikadazAzcAsmAkamapratItA iti / '- sthA0 TI0, pR0 480 / 2-iNDi0 e0, ji0 18, pR0 366 aAdi /

Page #675
650 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA upalabdha pratiyoM meM nahIM pAye jAte / ata: TIkAkAra abhayadeva' ne likhA hai ki yaha adhyayana vibhAga vAcanAntara kI apekSA se hai. upalabdha vAcanA kI apekSA se nahIM haiN| samavAyAMga meM bhA AThaveM aura nauveM aga meM dasa dasa adhyayana batalAye haiN| ataH samavAyAMga ke racayitA ke sAmane bhI upalabdha pratiyoM se bhinna pratiyAM thiiN| chaThe dazA kA nAma 'paNha vAgaraNa dasAo' hai| yaha nizcaya hai ki yaha dasaveM aMga kA nAma hai| kintu dasaveM aMga meM dasa adhyayana nahIM haiM, dasa dvAra haiN| dasa adhyayanoM ke jo nAma sthAnAMga meM diye haiM unase prakaTa hotA hai ki sthAnAMga ke racayitA ke sAmane dasaveM aga kI prati upalabdha aMga se bilkula bhinna thI / sthAnAMga meM paha2 vAgaraNa dasAoM ke dasa adhyayanoM ke nAma isa prakAra diye haiM-uvamA, saMkhA, itibhAsiyAI, Ayariya bhAsiyAI. mahAvIra bhAsiyAI, khomaga pasiNAI, komalapasiNAI adAgapasiNAI, aguTThapasiNAI, bAhu psinnaaii| kintu upalabdha prazna vyAkaraNa aMga ke dasa dvAroM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-hiMsA, musAvAya, teNiya, mehuNa, pariggaha, ahiMsA, saJca, ateNiya, vaMbhacera aura apriggh| donoM meM AkAza-pAtAla kA antara hai| samAyAMga ( sU. 145) aura nandI ( sU. 55 ) meM bhI prazna vyAkaraNameM khomaga. adAga., aMguThTha. aura bAhu. nAmake adhyayana batalAye haiN| ataH nandI aura samavAyAMga sUtrake racayitAke sAmane bhI prazna vyAkaraNa sUtrakI vahI prati honI cAhiye jo tIsare aMgake racayitAke sAmane thii| 1-'tadevamihApi vAcanAntarApekSayA'dhyayanavibhAgo ukto na punarUpalabhyamAnavAcanApakSeyeti', sthA0, TI0, pU0 483 pR0 / 2-'prabha vyAkaraNadazA ihoktarUpA na dRzyante dRzyamAnAstu paJcAsrava paJca saMvarAtmikA iti'--sthA0 TI0, pR0 485 pU0 /

Page #676
zrutaparicaya dasa dazAoMmeMse antima saMkheviya dasAke dasa adhyayanoMke nAma isa prakAra batalAye haiM - khuddiyA vimANa pAMvabhattI, malliyA vimANa vimANa pavibhattI, agacUliyA, vagga cUliyA, vivAha cUliyA, aruNovavAe, varuNovavAe, garulovavAte, velaMdharovavAte, vesamaNovavAte ( sthA. sU0 755 ) / kintu nandi0 meM ina sabako zraNaMga paviTTha'kI sUcI meM ginAyA hai| sthAnAMgake sAtaveM adhyayanameM sAta ninhavoMke nAmoMkA pAyA jAnA bhI ullekhanIya hai| satyakA apalApa karane ko aura karane vAloMko ninhava ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAyameM aise sAta ninhava mAne gaye haiN| pIche se inameM AThavA~ ninhava voTika' aura sammilita kara liyA gyaa| sthAnAMga meM sAta kA hI nirdeza hone se kahanA hogA ki isakI racanA ke samaya taka digambaroM ko ninhava meM nahIM ginAyA gayA thA / ina sAta ninhavoMmeM se do kA prAdurbhAva to bhagavAna mahAbIra kI maujadagImeM hI ho gayA thA aura zeSa pA~ca unake bAda udbhUta hue| inameM se anta kA sAtavA~ ninhava vIra nirvANase 584 varSa bAda huaa| ataH prakRta sthAnAMga sUtra bhI usake bAda kA hI honA caahiye| ___ sthAnAMga sUtra kI TIkA sambat 1120 meM navAGga vRttikAra abhayadevane aNahila pATanameM ajita siMha ke ziSya yazodeva gaNikI sahAyatAse banAI thii| dharmasAgara gurvAvalIke anusAra abhaya devakA svargavAsa saM0 1135 meM huaa| 4. samavAyAGga--samavAya meM saba padArthoMke samavAya kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai (ta0 vA0, pR0 73 ) / SaTkha0, pu0 1. pR0 101) / dravya kSetra kAla aura bhAvoM ke samavAyakA

Page #677
652 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0 pIThikA $ varNana karatA hai ( ka0 pA0 bhA0 1, pR0 124 ) / eka se lekara eka eka bar3hAte hue sau taka ke padArthoM kA kathana karatA hai arthAt eka se lekara sau taka kI saMkhyA paryanta padArtha kA antarbhAva jisa saMkhyA antargata hotA hai usakA kathana usa usa saMkhyA sthAna ke antargata kiyA jAtA hai ( nandI0, sU0.46 136 ) | digambaroM ke anusAra isameM eka lAkha / samavA0, sU0 cauMsaTha hajAra pada the aura zvatAmbaroM ke anusAra eka lAkha cavAlIsa hajAra the / pada samavAyAMga kI viSaya tAlikA sthAnAMga ke hI anurUpa hai antara yaha hai ki sthAnAMga meM eka se lekara dasa sthAnoM taka hI vivecana hai taba samavAya meM eka se lekara sau taka kA samavAya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| ise tIsare aMga kA pUraka kahA jA sakatA hai / isa aGga kA prArambha isa prakAra hotA hai--'suyaM me Au ! te bhagavaMteNa evaM akkhAyaM' / iha khalu samaNeNa bhagavayA mahAvIreNa.... imeM duvAla saMge gaNipiDage paNNatte' taM jahA0" AyuSman maiMne sunA una bhagavAnane aisA kahA 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAbIrane dvAdazAMga gaNipiDaga kA upadeza diyA' / yahA~ bhagavAna mArake cAlIsa vizeSaNa diye gaye haiN| Age bAraha aGgoM ke nAma dekara likhA hai -- ' tatthaMNa je se cautthe age samavApatti Ahite tassa NaM yamatthe paNate, taM jahA / ' ' inameM se jo cauthA samavAya nAma kA zraGga hai usakA yaha artha kahA hai, prathama tIna aGgoM ke Arambha meM isa prakAra kI utthAnikA nahIM pAI jAtI / yaha aMga vividha sUcanAoM aura jJAtavya viSayoMse bharapUra hai / isameM bArahoM aMgoM kI vistRta viSaya sUcI dI huI hai|

Page #678
zru taparicaya , 653 brAhmI lipI Adi ke 18 prakAra ke bhedoMkA nirdeza hai dRSTivAdarake 46 mAtRkApada aura brAhmI lipIke 46 mAtrakAkSara batalAye haiN| ___isameM zuruke tIna aMgoMko eka ikAIke rUpameM rakhakara tInoMke adhyayanoMkI saMkhyA 57 batalAI3 hai-AcArameM 24 sUtrakRtameM 23 aura sthAnameM 10 / ___ isa aMgakI eka sabase ullekhanIya vastu hai-isameM nandIsUtrakA nirdeza pAyA jaanaa| dRSTivAda ke aThAsI sUtroMkA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki nandIkI taraha kathana kara lenA cAhiye / samavAyAMga meM dvAdazAMgakA varNana nandIse prAyaH akSarazaH mela khAtA hai| ataH DA. vebara kA kahanA thA ki hameM yaha vizvAsa karaneke liye bAdhya honA par3atA hai, ki nandI aura samavAyameM pAye jAne vAle samAna varNanoMkA mUla AdhAra -' baMbhIe NaM livIe aTThArasavihe lekha vihANe paM0 taM0-vaMbhI. javaNI, liyAdosA, UriyA, kharoTTiyA, kharasAvitrA, pahArAinA, uccattariyA, akkhara puTThiyA, mogavayatA, veNatiyA, NiNhaiyA, aMkalivi, gaNiya livI, gaMdhavvalivI, bhUyAlivI, bhAdaMsalivI, mAhesarIlivI, dAmilivI, boliMdIlivI |-sm0, pR0 33u0 / 2- 'diDivAyassa NaM chAyAlIsaM mAuyApayA paM0 / baMbhIe NaM livIe chAyAlIsaM mAuyakkharA pN0....||46|| -sama0 3-'tirahaM gaNipiDagANaM prAcAra cUliyAvajANaM sattAvannaM ajjhayaNA paM0 ..... / / 57 suu0|- sama0 / 4-'didvivAyasya NaM aTThAsIi suttAI paM0,taM0-- ujjusuyaM pariNayApariNayaM evaM aTThAsIi suttANi bhANiyavvANi jahA nandIe ... // sU0 88||-sm0 /

Page #679
654 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0pIThikA nandI hai| aura yaha kArya samavAyake saMgrAhakakA yA lekhakakA honA cAhiye / Age DA0 vebarane likhA hai ki 'kintu hamAre isa anumAnameM eka kaThinAI hai aura vaha yaha hai ki nandI aura samavAyake DhaMgameM antara hai| kintu samavAyase nandI kI viSayasUcI bahuta saMkSipta hai| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki nandImeM datta viSayasUcI prAcIna hai| isake sivAya nandImeM ukta dvAdazAMgakI viSayasUcIko lekara jo pAThabheda pAye jAte haiM, nizcaya hI samavAyake pAThoMse uttama tathA prAcIna haiN|' nandI aura samavAyameM pratyeka aMgoMke padoMkA pramANa diyA hai| kintu padake akSaroMkA prAcIna pramANa zvetAmbara paramparAmeM lupta ho cukA thaa| jo zvetAmbarIya Agama grantha upalabdha hai una sabameM unakA grantha parimANa 32 akSarakA grantha ( zloka ) ke hisAbase diyA hai| nIce pratyeka aMgake granthAnakA parimANa tathA ullikhita padoMkA pramANa diyA jAtA hai| aMga grantha pramANa pada saMkhyA (jo nandi digambara (zloka 32 akSara) meM batalAI hai) (pada saMkhyA) 2554 18000 pada 18000 2300 36000 " 36000 72000 " 42000 1607 144000 " 164000 15740 288000 naM. 228000 84000 sa0 184000 bhaga0 5-I0 e0, ji0 18 pR0 374 /

Page #680
860 zra taparicaya 655 5.75 576000 556000 812 1152000 117000 2304000 2328000 162 4608.00 6244800 1300 6216000 6316000 131 18432000 18400000 . isa tAlikAse prakaTa hotA hai ki jaba bAgama granthoM ke anusAra dvAdazAMgakA pramANa uttarottara lagabhaga dUnA batalAyA hai taba vartamAna zve0 AgamoMkA pramANa 6 saMkhyAke bAda eka dama alpa ho gayA hai| ____ samavAyAMgake sambandhameM pro0 vinTaranITsane likhA hai'isa bAtake pramANa haiM ki yA to vartamAna samavAyAMgakI racanA bAdameM kI gaI hai yA usameM kucha bhAga bAdake race hue haiN| udAharaNa ke liye, nambara aTThArahameM aThAraha prakArakI brAhmI lipi batalAI hai, nambara chattIsameM uttarAdhyayanake chattIsa adhyayanoMkA nirdeza hai, tathA nandI jaise arvAcIna granthakA ullekha hai / isake sivAya aMgoMkA jo vistRta parimANa usameM batalAyA gayA hai, vartamAna parimANake sAtha usakA koI mela nahIM hai|' (hi. i0 li0, ji0 2, pR0 442 ) / 5-vyAkhyA prajJapti-'jIva hai yA nahIM ityAdi sATha hajAra praznoM kA samAdhAna karatA hai ( ta* vA0, pR0 73 / SaTakhaM0, pu0 1, pR0 101) / sATha hajAra praznoMke uttaroMkA tathA chiyAnave hajAra chinna chedoM se jJApanIya zubha aura azubha kA varNana karatA hai ( ka0 pA0, bhA0 1, pR0 125 ) / aneka surendra narendra rAjarSiyoM ke dvArA pU~che gaye saMzayoM kA tathA bhagavAna ke dvArA diye

Page #681
jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA gaye unake vistRta uttaroMkA, jinakA pramANa 36000 hai, kathana karatA hai| ( sama0, sU0 140) upalabdha pA~caveM aMga ko bhagavatI bhI kahate haiN| isameM 41 zataka haiN| inameM se kucha zatakoM meM avAntara zataka aura udde saka bhI haiN| grantha ke antaH avalokana se prakaTa hotA hai ki isameM 138 zataka haiM, jinameM antaHzataka bhI sammilita haiN| tathA 1952 uhezaka haiN| tathA eka lAkha caurAsI hajAra pada haiN| yaha bAta sambhavataH usa samaya likhI gaI hogI jaba pA~caveM aMga ne vartamAna parimANa kA AdhA rUpa bhI prApta nahIM kiyA thaa| vartamAna bhagavatI kA parimANa 15750 zloka pramANa hai / usake pratyeka zataka meM uddezakoM kI saMkhyA ko dekhane se pramANita hotA hai ki usane itanA parimANa kramazaH liyA hai| pratyeka ke uddesagoM kA parimANa isa prakAra hai-zataka eka se ATha taka meM, bAraha se caudaha taka meM aura 18 se 20 taka meM pratyeka meM dasa-dasa uddeza haiN| nauveM aura dasaveM zataka meM cautIsa cautIsa uddeza haiM / gyArahameM bAraha haiM, pandrahaveMmeM uddeza hI nahIM haiM, solahaveMmeM caudaha, satarahavemeM sataraha uddeza hai| kintu ikkIsaveM zatakameM assI, bAisaveM meM sATha, teIsaveM meM pacAsa, caubIsaveM meM caubIsa chabbIsa se tIsa taka pratyeka meM kevala gyAraha-gyAraha uddeza haiN| paccIsaveM meM bAraha, kintu ikatIsaveM aura battIsaveMmeM aTThAIsa aTThAIsa uddesa haiM / tetIsaveM aura cautIsaveM meM eka sau caubIsa, paitIta aura chattIsameM eka sau battIsa, cAlIsameM do sau ikatIsa aura ikatAlIsaveM zatakameM eka sau chiyAnoM uddeza haiM / unakI viSaya sUcIse bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai ki pA~caveM aGga kA vistAra kramazaH huA hai|

Page #682
zrutaparicaya prArambha ke bIsa zatakoM ko paurANika bAnA pahanAyA gayA hai| ve saba binA kisI krama ke Dthe gaye haiM aura unameM koI eka aisA tantu nahIM pratIta hotA jo saba ko jor3atA ho / unameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAryoM aura upadezoM ke vividha ullakha haiM / rAjagRhI ke rAjA zroNika ke samaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra apane prathama ziSya gautama indrabhUti se vArtAlApa karate haiM / kintu zataka 21 se viSaya badala jAtA hai / 21-23 za. paudoMke viSayameM hai / 24-30 za0 meM jova kI vibhinna dazAe~ batalAI haiM arthAt 4 meM jIvakA udgama, 25 meM lezyAdi bhAva, 26 meM karmabandha, 27 meM kato kama karaNa, 28 meM pApa kamodi daNDaka, 29 meM karma prasthApanAdi aura 30 meM samavasaraNa kA kathana hai / 31 se 41 taka kRta, tretA, dvApara aura kaliyuga kA varNana hai| antima zatakoM ke sambandha meM vebara kA kathana thA ki ve eka jana gaNanA kI sUciyoM ke talya haiN| (iM. eM, ji0 16, pR0 63 / / ataH zrI vebara kA yaha nizcita mata thA ki zuru ke bIsa zatakoM ke sAtha 21 Adi zataka binA kisI parivartana ke sAtha pIche se jor3a diye gaye haiM / phira bhI aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa yoga ko karane meM koI mArga darzaka avazya thA; kyoM ki pratyeka zataka ke prArambha meM eka AryA dI gaI hai jo pratyeka zataka ke pratyeka uddeza kA viSaya sUcana karatI hai| isase pUrva ke kisI aGgameM yaha bAta nahIM pAI jAtI / dUsare anya AgamoMke uddharaNa bahutAyata se pAye jAte haiN| unake kAraNa viSaya prasaMga prAyaH na kevala chinna huA hai kintu naSTa bhraSTa ho gayA hai| rAyapaseNIya, pannavaNA, jambUdvIpa prajJapti nAmaka upAGgoM se bhI uddharaNa liye gaye haiN| tathApi yaha prazna avazya raha jAtA hai ki yaha kArya saMkalayitA kA hai yA pratilekhakoM kA / yaha sandeha to karanA hI

Page #683
658 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA nahIM cAhiye ki jisa grantha se jo uddharaNa liye gaye haiM ve usameM haiM yA nahIM ? rAyapaseNIse jo uddharaNa liye gaye haiM vaha usameM pAye jAte haiM / (iM0 e0, ji0 16, pR0 63 ) / astu, grantha kA Arambha paJca namaskAra maMtra se hotA hai / usameM 'namo bamhIe livIe' pada aura jur3A huA hai| usake pazcAt Arambhika padya hai phira 'teNaM kAleAM teNa samaeNa' Adi AnA hai / grantha kA prArambhika kucha bhAga praznottara ke rUpameM hai jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra apane pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama ke praznoM kA uttara dete haiM aura kucha bhAga aitihAsika saMvAda ke rUpa meM hai| isa bhAgameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvakAlIna tathA samakAlIna vyaktiyoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSyoM meM indrabhUti, agnibhUti, aura vAyubhUtikA nAma to hai kintu sudharmA kA nAma isameM nahIM AyA / nauveM zatakameM jamAlikA varNana hai jo mahAvIra kA ziSya thA / kintu ninhavakA janaka thA / 15 veM zataka meM ajIvika sampradAya ke saMsthApaka makkhaliputra gozAlaka kA vRtAnta bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai / isa zataka ke viSaya meM DA0 vinTara nITsa kA kahanA hai ki yaha eka svataMtra grantha rahA hogA jo bhagavatI meM jor3a diyA gayA / isa aGga meM yadyapi bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA varNana nahIM hai kintu unakI paramparA ke anuyAyI aneka pArzvApatyIyoMkA varNana haiM unameM kAlAsavesiyaputta Adi nAma ullekhanIya haiM / pArzva ke aneka anuyAyI mahAvIrake anuyAyI bane aise bhI aneka ullekha isa zraGgameM milate haiM / inake sivAya bhI yatra tatra kucha aitihAsika ulla ekha milate haiM / yathA campAke rAjA kuNika ke samaya meM kAzI kosala ke nau

Page #684
zrutaparicaya 656 licchavi rAjAzrIM aura bejjI videha putra kI vijaya, sahasrAnIka ke prapautra aura zatAnIka ke putra kauzAmbI nareza udayana kI cAcI jayantIkA, jo vaizAlI zrAvaka kI saMrakSikA thI, mahA. vIra ke upadeza se bhikSuNI bananA aadi| - zataka nau aura bAraha meM kucha videzI dAsiyoM ke nAma Aye haiM, jo eka brAhmaNa parivAra meM kAma karatI thiiN| unameM palhavIyA AravI, vahalI, muraMDI aura pArasI nAma ullekhanIya haiM / ye nAma IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se cauthI zatAbdI taka ke samaya kA smaraNa karAte haiN| aura isa taraha inakA mUla udgama hameM gupta kAla meM le jAtA hai / ( i0 eM0, ji . 16. pR0 65 ) / 6- jJAta dharmakathA-bahutase AkhyAna aura upAkhyAnoMkA kathana hai, (ta0 vA0, pR0 73) / tIrthaGkaroMkI dharmakathAoMke svarUpa kA varNana karatA hai ( ka. pA0, bhA0 1, pR0 125 ) / tIrthaGkaroMkI dharma dezanAkA, sandehako prApta gaNadhara devake sandeha ko dUra karanekI vidhikA tathA aneka prakAra kI kathA aura upakathAoMkA varNana karatA hai ( SaTakhaM0, pR0 102) / jJAtoM ke nagara, udyAna, caitya, vanakhaNDa, samavasaraNa, rAjA, mAtA pitA, dharmAcArya, dharmakathA, ihalaukika pAralaukika Rddhi vizeSa, bhoga parityAga, pravrajyA, paryAya, zruta parigraha, tapa, upadhAna, saMlekhanA, prAyopagamana, deva loka gamana, sukula meM janma lenA, zedhilAbha, antaH kriyA Adi kA kathana karatA hai ( nandI0 sU0 51, sama0 sU0 141) / isakA prAkRta nAma zvetAmbara sAhityameM NAyAdhammakahA aura digambarA sAhityameM NAhadhammakathA hai| 'NAya' kA saMskRta rUpa jJAta aura 'NAha' kA saMskRta rUpa nAtha hotA hai|

Page #685
660 ja0 sA0 I0 pU0-pIThikA bhagavAna mahAbIra svAmIko zvetAmbara sAhityameM jJAtRvaMzI aura digambara sAhitya meM nAthavaMzI likhA hai| isa antara kA kAraNa prAkRta rUpoMmeM antara hojAnA pratIta hotA hai| raNAya dhamma kahA aura NAhadhammakathA ke Adi meM bhI jo NAya yA NAha zabda hai vaha mahAbIra bhagavAna se hI sambaddha jAna par3atA hai| ataH bhagavAna mahAbIrake dvArA upadiSTa kathA jisameM hoM vaha NAyadhammakahA hai| TIkAkAra 1 abhaya deva aura malayagirIne NAyA kA artha jJAtA kiyA hai / aura jJAtA kA artha udAharaNa kiyA hai / jJAtA dharmakathA arthAt udAharaNa pradhAna dhrmkthaa| yaha artha vizeSa saMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| vebarane 'NAyAdhamma kahA'2 kA artha kiyA hai-'nAya' arthAt jJAtRvaMzI mahAbIrake dharma ke liye kathAe~ jisameM hoM, upalabdha 'NAyA dhamma kathA' nAmaka aMga meM do zrutaskandha haiN| pahalemeM 16 adhyayana haiM jinheM 'jJAta' kahA hai, dUsare meM 10 vargadharmakathA haiM / grantha kA prArambha-'teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNa' Adi pracalita paripATIke anusAra hotA hai| granthake prArambhameM yaha bhI likhA hai-pA~cavA~ aga samApta huA, chaThe aMga kA kyA viSaya hai ? isa aMga kI prArambhika utthAnikA AdikA jo rUpa hai vahI rUpa aMga 7 se 11 taka ke aMgoM meM bhI hai| isaparase DA. vebara kA kahanA thA ki ye chahoM aGga eka grUpa meM sambaddha haiM tathA 1-'jJAtAni udAharaNAni tatpradhAnadharbhakathA jnyaataadhrmkthaa'| sama0 TI0, sU0 141 / naM0 TI0, sU. 51 / 2-Stories for the Dharma of NA YA iM0 eM0, ji0 16, pR0 66 /

Page #686
zrutaparicaya 661 ina sabakA saMkalana eka hI vyaktike dvArA huA hogaa| ye saba ApasameM eka zRkhalA kI taraha baddha haiM / arthAt Arambhika zailI Adi kI dRSTi se zurU ke cAra aGga eka samUhameM Ate haiM aura anta ke chai aGga eka samUhameM Ate haiM / kintu pA~cavA~ aGga ina sabase bhinna pratIta hotA hai| prathama zruta skandha ke 16 adhyayanoMke nAmAdi isa prakAra haiM 1 ukkhita0 ( uttipta )-zreNika putra meghakumAra kI kathA hai| vaha pUrva bhavameM hAthI thaa| eka kharagoza ko bacAneke liye usane apanA paira uttipta kiyaa| isase isa adhyayana kA nAma utkSipta hai| 2 saMghADaga0 ( saMghATaka )-eka dUsarese saMbaddha seTha aura cora kI kathA hai| 3 aMDaga0 ( aMDaka )-morake aDe kI kathA 4 kumma0 (kUrma )-kachave kI kathA 5 selaya0 (zailaka )-zailaka kI kathA 6 tumba0 (tumba ) 7 rohiNi seTha kI badhU rohiNI kI kathA 8 mallI0 -16 ve strItIrthaGkara mallikI kathA hamAyandI -mAkandI nAmaka vaNika putra kI kathA 10 caMdimA0 (candramA) - 1. dAvaddava0 -isa nAma ke samudra taTa para sthita vRkSa kI kathA 12 uddaga0 (udaka - 23 maMDukka0 (maMDUka)-nanda kA jIva meNDaka kI kathA 14 tetalI -tetalI putra nAmaka amAtyakI kathA

Page #687
662 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrvapIThikA 15 naMdiphala. -nandi nAmaka vRkSa kA phala 16 avarakaMkA0 -dhAtakI khaNDa ke bhArata kSetra kI rAja dhAnI / isameM draupadI kI kathA hai 17 AieNa. (AkIrNa)-samudrameM rahanevAle azva kI kathA 18 susumA0 -susumA nAmaka seTha putrI kI kathA 16 puMDarIya0 (puNDarIka) isa taraha pratyeka adhyAya meM eka eka svataMtra kathA hai / adhi. kAMza kathAoM meM kathApara bala na dekara kathA se sambaddha udAharaNa para hI vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai| kucha kathAe~ to kevala udAharaNa rUpa hI haiM / zAyada isI se TIkAkAroM ne jJAta kA artha udAharaNa kiyA hai| - dUsarA zrutaskandha viSaya aura zailIkI dRSTi se prathamase sarvathA bhinna hai, tathA sAtaveM aura nauveM aMga se vizeSa rUpa se sambaddha hai / nandi tathA samavayAMgameM kahA hai ki eka eka dharmakathA meM pA~ca sau pA~ca sau AkhyAyikAe~ aura eka-eka AkhyAyikA meM pA~ca sau pA~ca sau upAkhyAyikAe~, isI taraha eka eka upAkhyAyikA meM pA~ca sau AkhyAyikA aura pA~ca sau upAkhyAyikAe~ hotI haiM, isa taraha jJAtA dharmakathA meM sAr3he tIna karor3a kathAe~ hotI haiN| isa kathana ke prakAza meM upalabdha jJAtA dharmakathA ko dekhane se nirAzA hI hotI hai| isa aMga para abhaya deva kRta TIkA hai| 7 upAsakAdhyayana-zrAvaka dharma kA lakSaNa kahatA hai ( ta0 vA0, pR0 73 ) / gyAraha prakAra ke zrAvakoM ke lakSaNa, unake vrata dhAraNa karanekI vidhi tathA unake AcaraNakA varNana karatA hai| (SaTkhaM0, pR0 102|k0 pA0, bhA 1, pR. 126 ) / upAsakoM kI

Page #688
zrutaparicaya 663 RddhivizeSa, pariSad, vistAra pUrvaka dharma zravaNa, bodhilAbha samyaktva vizuddhi, mUla guNa, uttara guNa, aneka aticAra, pratimA, upasarga, pratyAkhyAna, proSadhopavAsa, salle khanA, svargagamana, cayana, manuSya janma dhAraNa, saMyama dhAraNa, mokSa prApti Adi kA kathana karatA hai ( sama0, sU 0 142) zvetAmbara sAhitya meM sAtaveM aMgakA nAma uvAsaga dasA (upA. saka dazA) hai| upalabdha aMgameM dasa adhyayana haiN| ina adhyayanoMmeM dasa upAsakoMkI kathAe~ haiM jinhoMne prathama svarga prApta kiyA aura phira mokSa prApta kiyaa| dasa kathA isa prakAra haiM-1 vANiya grAma meM Ananda / 2 campAmeM kAmadeva, 3 vArANasImeM culaNI pitA, 4 vArANasImeM surAdeva, 5 zrAlabhiyAmeM culla zataka, 6 kampilla. pura meM kuNDa kolika, 7 polAsapurameM saddAla putra, 8 rAjagRha meM mahAzataka, 9 zrAvastImeM nandinI pitA aura 10 zrAvastImeM letiyA pitaa| sArI kathAe~ bilkula eka sA~ce meM DhalI huI haiN| anta kI kathAoMmeM to pUrvakI kathAoMse kevala nAma mAtrakA antara hai| 8 antaHkRdaza-jinhoMne saMsAra kA anta kiyA unheM antaHkRta kahate haiM / nami, mataMga, somila, rAmaputra, sudarzana, yamalIka, valIka, kiSkambala, pAlambu, aSTa putra ye dasa vardhamAna tIrthaGkara ke tIrtha meM antakRta kevalI hue / isI prakAra RSabha deva Adi tIrthaGkaroM ke tIrtha meM anya dasa dasa anagAra dAruNa upa. sargoM ko jItakara sampUrNa karmoM ke kSaya se antakRta kevalI hue| dasa antakRta kevaliyoM kA varNanda antaHkRdaza aMga karatA hai| athavA, antaHkRtakI dazA kA jisameM kathana ho usako antaH kRddazA kahate haiM / usameM arhanta AcArya aura siddhoM kI vidhi kA

Page #689
664 jai sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA kathana hotA hai / (ta0 vA0, pR073 / SaTakha0, pu0 1, pR. 1.3) / pratyeka tIrthaGkara ke tIrtha meM cAra prakAra ke dAruNa upasargoM ko sahana kara aura pratihAryoMko prApta kara nirvANako prApta hue sudarzana Adi dasa dasa sAdhuoMkA varNana karatA hai ( ka. pA. bhA0 1, pR. 130) / antaHkRtoMke nagara, udyAna, caitya, vana khaNDa, samavasaraNa, rAjA, mAtA pitA, dharmAcArya, dharmakathA, iha laukika, pAra laukika RddhivizeSa, bhoga tyAga, pravrajyA, parityAga zrutaparigrahaNa, tapa, upadhAna, saMllekhanA, bhakta pratyAkhyAna, prAyopagamana, antaHkriyA Adi kA kathana karatA hai (naM0, sU0 53 / sama* sU0 143) / ___TIkAkAra' abhayadevake anusAra antakRta arthAt tIrthaGkara, jinhoMne karma aura kamoMke phala rUpa saMsAra kA anta kara diyA unako dazA / prathama vargameM dasa adhyayana honese use antakRta dazA kahate haiM / isa taraha digambara sAhityameM antaHkRddaza kA jo artha milatA hai vaha zvetAmbara sAhitya meM nahIM miltaa| upalabdha 'anta gaDa dasAo' nAmaka AThave aGgameM ATha varga aura ATha vargoM meM kramase 10+8+13+10+10+16+ 13 1060 adhyayana haiN| kintu sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMgameM prastuta aGga meM dasa adhyayana batalAye haiM / isake sivAya samavAyAMgameM sAta varga aura 10 uddezanakAla bhI batalAye haiN| nandimeM ATha varga hI batalAye haiM, adhyayanoM kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai / sthAnAMgameM 1-'anto vinAzaH, sa ca karmaNastatphalasya vA saMsArasya kRto yaiste antakRtAste ca tIrthaGkarAdayasteSAM dazA:-prathama varge dazAdhyayanAnIti tatsaMkhyayA antakRtadazAH |'-sm0 TI0. sU0 143 /

Page #690
665 zrutaparicaya dasa adhyayanoMke jo nAma diye haiM, prastuta aGgoMke nAmoMse unakA mela nahIM khaataa| kintu digambara granthoMmeM nirdiSTa nAmoMse mela khAtA hai / sthAnAMgameM 8 veM aGgake dasa adhyayanoMke nAma isa prakAra batalAye haiM-Nami, mAtaMga, somila, rAmagutta, sudarzana, jamAlI, bhagAlI, kiMkama, pallatetiya, abaDaputta / tatvArtha vArtikameM nirdiSTa nAmoMse ye nAma milate hai| jo kahIM antara hai vaha lekhakoMkI kalAkA pariNAma jAna par3atA hai| TIkAkAra' abhaya. deva ise vAcanAntara kI apekSA svIkAra karate haiN| ataH paramparAmeM aura prastuta AThave aGgake nAmase upalabdha granthameM eka dama virodha hai / TIkAkAra abhayadeva isa virodha para prakAza DAlanemeM apane ko asamartha pAte haiM / astu viSayake anusAra ATha vargoMko tIna staroM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1 eka se 5 takake varga-inameM kRSNa vAsudevase sambandhita vyaktiyoM kI kathAe~ hai| 6ThA aura sAtavA~ vagaisameM bhagavAna mahAbIrake ziSyoMkI kathAe~ haiN| 8 vA~ 1-'etAnica 'nami' ityAdikAni antakRtsAdhunAmAni antakRddazAMga prathamavarge'dhyayanasaMgrahe nopalabhyante / tato vAcanAntarApekSANi imAnIti saMbhAvayAmaH / ' --sthA0 TI., sU. 7054 / 2-'navaraM dasa ajjhayaNa tti prathamavargApekSayaiva ghaTante, nandyAM tathaiva vyAkhyAtatvAt / yacceha paThyate 'satta vagA' ti tatprathamavargAdanyavargApekSayA, yato'tra srve'pyssttvrgaaH| nandyAmapi tathA paThitatvAt, tavRttizcayaM 'avagga' ti / atra vargaH samUhaH sa cAntakRtAnAmadhyayanAnAM vA, sarvANi caikavargagatAni yugapaduddizyante, tato bhaNitaM 'aTTha uddesaNa kAlA' ityAdi / iha ca daza uddezanakAlA adhIyante iti nAsyAbhiprAyamavagacchAmaH |'-sm0 TI0, sU. 143 /

Page #691
666 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA varga - isameM ratnAvalI, muktAvalI Adi dasa tapoMkA varNana hai / ina tapoM ko rAjA zreNika kI dasa bhAryA ne kiyA thA / anuttaropapAdadaza - upapAda janmahI jinakA prayojana hai unheM aupapAdika kahate haiN| vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddhi ye pAMca anuttara vimAna haiM / jo upapAda janma se anuttaroM meM utpanna hote haiM unheM anuttaropapAdika kahate haiN| RSidAsa, dhanya, sunakSatra, kArtikeya, zrAnanda, nandana, zAlibhadra, abhaya, vAriSeNa aura cilAtaputra ye dasa anuttaropapAdika vardhamAna tIrthaGkarake tIrthameM hue / isI taraha RSabha Adi teIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke tIrthameM anya dasa dasa anagAra dAruNaH upasargoM ko jItakara vijayAdi anuttaroM meM utpanna hue / isa taraha anuttaroMmeM utpanna hone vAle dasa sAdhuoM kA jisameM varNana ho use anuttaropAdikadaza nAmaka zraMga kahate haiM / ( ta0 vA0, pR0 73 / SaTkhaM; pR. 103 / ka. pA0 pR0 130 ) / anuttaropapAtika sAdhuoMke nagara udyAna, caitya, vanakhaNDa, mAtA pitA samavasaraNa dharmAcArya Adi pUrvokta bIsa bAtoM kA kathana karatA hai (nandI0 sU0 54 / samavA0 sU0 144 ) / A 'abhayadeva ke anusAra 'anuttara arthAt pradhAna aura upapAta arthAt janma pradhAna janma vAle vyaktiyoMse sambaddha dasa adhyayana jisameM hoM use anuttaropapAdika dazA kahate 1 - ' nAsmaduttaro vidyate ityanuttara upapatanamupapAto janma ityarthaH / zranuttaraH pradhAnaH saMsAre zranyasya tathAvidhasyAbhAvAt upapAto yeSAM te tathA ta evAnuttaropapAtikAH, tadvaktavyatA pratibaddhA daza-dazAdhyayanopalakSitA anuttaropapAtikadazA / '- sama0 TI0, sU0 144 /

Page #692
zrutaparicaya haiM / kintu sthAnAMga' kI TIkA meM abhayadevane anuttaropapAdakA vahI artha kiyA hai jo digambara granthoMmeM kiyA gayA hai / I upalabdha AThaveM aMgameM tIna varga hai aura unameM kramase 10+13+ 10 = 33 adhyayana haiM / kintu sthAnAMga meM anutaropapAtikadazA meM dasa adhyayana batalAye haiM aura unake nAma isa prakAra haiM -- IsidAsa, dharaNa, suNakkhatta, kAtina ( tiya ), saTThANa, sAlibhadda, ANaMda, tetalI, dasannabhada aura atimutta / inameM se zurUke chai nAma tattvArthavArtikase milate haiM / zrabhayadeva' ne likhA hai ki inameM se kucha nAma tIsare varga ke adhyayanoMke sAtha mela khAte haiM, saba nhiiN| isake sivAya samavAyAMga aura nandimeM AThaveM aura nauveM aMga kI jo viSaya sUciyA~ dI haiM ve prastuta AThaveM nauveM aMgoM se mela nahIM khAtIM / ataH DA0 vebara kA kahanA thA ki 'samavAya aura nandike racayitA ke sAmane maujUdA donoM AgamoMko pratiyoMse sarvathA bhinna hI pratiyAM honI caahiyeN| ataH hameM ukta donoM aMgoMkI jo pratiyAM prApta haiM ve parivartita tathA atyanta khaNDita dazA meM haiM ( iM0 e0, ji0 20, pR0 21-22 ) / pro0 viMTaraniTsa ne AThaveM aura nauveM aMgake viSaya meM likhA hai ki- 'ina donoM aGgoMkI racanA eka hI AdhAra para kI gaI hai, 667 1 - 'uttaraH pradhAno nAsyottaro vidyata ityanuttaraH, upapatanamupapAta janma ityarthaH / granuttarazvAsAcpapAtazcetyanuttaropapAtaH so'sti yeSAM te 'nuttaropapAtikAH sarvArthasiddhyAdivimAnapaJcako papAtina ityarthaH / - sthA0 TI0, sU0 754 / 2- 'iha ca trayo vargAstatra tRtIyavarge dRzyamAnAdhyayanaiH kaizcit saha sAmyamasti na sarve / ' sthA0 TI0 sU0 754 /

Page #693
ja0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sAhityika dRSTise inakA mUlya svalpa hI hai| AThaveM aGga anta. gaDadasAoMmeM mUlataH dasa adhyayana the kintu aba vaha ATha vargomeM vibhAjita hai| nauveM aGga aguttarovavAiyadasAomeM bhI mUlameM dasa adhyayana the| aba unake sthAnameM tIna varga aura tetIsa adhyayana haiN| jaisA ki sthAnAMgase jJAta hotA hai, donoM aGgoMkI mUla viSaya sUcIse vartamAna donoM aMgoMkI viSaya sUcI 'ekadama bhinna hai| yadi anya kAraNoM para dRSTi na dI jAye to bhI apanI sthitike AdhAra para donoM aMga sAhityika zreSThatAkA dAvA nahIM kara skte| inameM varNita kathAe~ na kevala eka Thappeke rUpameM citrita kI gaI haiM kintu bahudhA unakA kevala DhA~cA hI upasthita kiyA gayA hai aura unameM ba~dhe badhA~ye zabdoM aura vAkyoM ko bharanekA kAma pAThakake lie chor3a diyA gayA hai| udAharaNake lie-usa samaya eka campA nAma nagarI thI, usameM eka puraNa bhadda nAmaka caitya thA, eka vana thA ( vrnnshro)| 'vaeNo 'kA yaha abhiprAya hai ki nagarI aura vanakA pUrA varNana yahA~ upAMga prathamakI taraha bhara lenA caahie| dUsarA udAharaNa bhagavAna mahAvIrake ziSya sthavira sudharmAkA hai / kathAmeM yahA~ kevala unakA nAma mAtra diyA hai aura unakA pUrA varNana chaThe aMgameM hai so yahA~ jAnanA, aisA likha diyA hai (hi0 iM0 li., ji0 2, pR0 450 ) / 10 prazna vyAkaraNa-AkSepa aura vikSepake dvArA hetu aura nayake zrAzrita praznoMke vyAkaraNako prazna vyAkaraNa kahate haiN| unameM laukika aura caidika arthoMkA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai (ta0 vA. pR072 ) AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI, nirjedanI, ina cAra kathAoMkA nirUpaNa karatA hai "yaha aMga praznake anusAra naSTa, muSTi, cintA, lAbha, alAbha, sukha duHkha, jIvita, maraNa, jaya,

Page #694
zrutaparicaya 666 parAjaya, nAma, dravya, Ayu aura saMkhyAkA bhI prarUpaNa karatA hai ( SaTkhaM0 pR0 105 / ka. pAH, bhA. 1, pR0 131 ) / praznavyAkaraNa meM eka sau ATha prazna, eka sau ATha aprazna aura eka sau ATha praznApraznoMkA kathana rahatA hai| anya bhI aneka vidyAtizayoMkA tathA nAgakumAra aura suparNakumAra tathA anya bhavanavAsI devoMke sAtha sAdhuoMke divya samvAdoMkA varNana rahatA hai / ( nandI, sUtra. 55 / samavA0 sU. 145 ) / upalabdha 'paNhAvAgaraNAI' nAmaka dasane agameM dasa dvAra haiN| jinameM pA~ca bratoMkA tathA pA~ca pApoMkA varNana hai| jambUko lakSya karake siddhAnta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| praznoMke vyAkaraNa ke rUpameM kucha bhI nahIM hai| ataH grantha meM varNita viSayakI na to usake nAmake sAtha hI koI saMgati hai aura na gthAnAMga samavAyAMga aura nandimeM datta viSaya sUcIke sAtha hI usakA koI mela hai| samavAya aura nandike anusAra prazna vyAkaraNa meM 45 adhyayana aura 45 uddeza Adi haiN| kintu prastuta agameM yaha saba kucha bhI nahIM hai| sthAnAMgameM prazna vyAkaraNameM dasa adhyayana batalAye haiMuvamA, saMkhA, isibhAsiyAI, Ayariya bhAsiAI, mahAvIra bhAsiAI, khomaga pasiNAI, komala pasiNAI, adAga pasiNAI, aMguTTha pasiNAI aura bAhu psinnaaii| adhyayanoMkI dasa saMkhyA ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMgakA varNana upalabdha prazna vyAkaraNa nAmaka aMga se mela khAtA hai kyoMki usake dvAroMkI saMkhyA bhI dasa hai| kintu dasa dvAroM ke nAmoMkA sthAnAMgameM diye dasa adhyayanoMke nAmoMse raMcamAtra bhI sAmya nahIM hai| ataH

Page #695
670 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA sthAnAMgakArake sAmane prastuta aMgakI vartamAna prati to nahIM hI thii| prazna vyAkaraNakI TIkAmeM TIkAkAra abhayadevane likhA haiprazna vyAkaraNa zabdakA praznoMkA vyAkaraNa rUpa vyutpatyartha pUrvakAlameM thaa| isa samaya to isa granthameM AsavapaMcaka aura saMvara paMcakakA hI vyAkhyAna pAyA jAtA hai| ye saba bAteM isa bAtako pramANita karatI haiM ki dasavA~ aMga apane mUla rUpameM athavA prAcIna rUpameM vartamAna nahIM rhaa| ataH usakA sthAna isa naye aMgane le liyA ( iM0 e0, ji0 20, pa0 23 / hi0 I0 ji02, 10452 ) / 11 vipAka sUtra-sukRta arthAt puNya aura duSkRta arthAt pApake vipAkakA vicAra karatA hai (ta0 vA0 pR074 / SaTakhaM0,pu. 1, pR0 107) / dravya kSetra kAla aura bhAvakI apekSA zubha azubha kamauke vipAkakA varNana karatA hai (ka0, pA0 bhA0 1, pR0 1 2) ( nandI0 sU0 56 / samavA0 sU0 146 / / ___ vartamAna gyArahaveM aMgameM do zruta skandha haiN| pratyekameM dasadasa adhyayana haiM, jinameM dasa-dasa kathAoMke dvArA puNya aura pApakA phala batalAyA gayA hai| gautama indra bhUti aneka dukhI prANiyoMko dekhate haiN| unakI prArthanA para mahAvIra batalAte haiM ki pUrvajanmameM kauna karma karanese AdamI isa prakArakA kaSTa bhogatA hai, kina-kina paryAyoMmeM use janma lenA par3atA hai aura kina upAyoMse vaha punaH zubha gatimeM janma le sakatA hai| udA. haraNake lie eka ambaradatta nAmaka vyakti bhayAnaka rogoMse pIr3ita hai kyoMki pUrvajanmameM vaha eka vaidya thA aura usane eka

Page #696
zrutaparicaya 671 rogIko mAMsa khAnA batalAyA thA / isa taraha vaha aneka jIvita prANiyoM ke vadhameM kAraNa huA thA / isa taraha vartamAna Agama granthoM meM se 6 se gyAraha taka ke Agama kathA pradhAna haiM aura ve apane mUlarUpa meM nahIM haiM kintu ekadama parivartita rUpa meM haiN| raha jAte haiM zeSa pA~ca zrAgama / unameM se bhagavatIkA rUpa saba se nirAlA hai / usameM pannavaNA, jIvAbhigama, uvavAiya, rAjapraznIya, nandI, AyAradasAo Adi kA nirdeza hone se yaha spaSTa hai ki usakA saMkalana bhI uttara kAla meM huA hai| kintu usameM prAcIna itihAsa kI sAmagrI avazya hai| zeSa cAra aGga avazya hI apanA vaiziSTaca rakhate haiM / kintu ve bhI apane mUla rUpa meM nahIM haiM yaha spaSTa hai / digambara granthoM meM prApta viSaya sUcI aGgoM aura pUrvoko viSaya sUcI vartamAna meM upalabdha digambara jaina sAhitya meM sarva prathama kalaMka deva ke tattvArtha vArtika meM upalabdha hotI hai / prazna hotA hai ki jaba digambara paramparA meM aGga sAhityakA lopa pahale hI ho cukA thA to yaha viSaya sUcI kisa AdhAra se dI gaI ? di0 jaina siddhAnta granthoM kI dhavalA aura jaya dhavalA TIkA meM zrI vIrasena svAmI ne bhI vistAra pUrvaka aGgoM aura pUrvokI viSaya sUcI dI hai, vaha viSaya sUcI prAyaH tasvArtha vArtika ke anurUpa hai, usameM kahIM kahIM vIrasena svAmI ne tattvArtha vArtika kA nAma lekara pramANa rUpa se use uddhRta bhI kiyA hai / aura dRSTivAda ke jina bhedoM kA viSaya paricaya akalaMka ne nahIM diyA, unakA bhI viSaya paricaya vIrasena svAmI ne karAyA hai / aura

Page #697
672 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA unakA viSaya paricaya zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhI nahIM hai| ataH vIrasena svAmI ke sAmane tattvArtha vArtika ke sivAya anya bhI kucha sAhitya honA cAhie aura saMbhavataH akalaMka deva ke sAmane bhI vahI sAhitya rahA ho| digambara jaina siddhAnta grantha SaTakhaNDAgama tathA kasAya pAhur3a para aneka TIkAe~ pUrvameM racI gaI haiN| unameM se kaI TIkAe~ vIrasena svAmI ke sAmane bhI upasthita thiiN| una TIkAoM meM se koI TokA akalaMka deva ke sAmane avazya honI cAhiye; kyoM ki akalaMka deva ne SaTakhaNDAgama kA upayoga apanI tattvArtha' vArtika meM kiyA hai yaha usase spaSTa hai / isake sivAya akalaMka. deva ne apane tatvArthara vArtika meM 'vyAkhyA prajJapti daNDakeSu' kA do bAra nirdeza karake usakA pramANa diyA hai| 'vyAkhyAprajJapti daNDakeSu' ke bahuvacanAnta prayoga se aisA anumAna hotA hai ki vyAkhyA prajJapti meM daNDaka nAmaka adhikAra hone cAhiye / daNDaka nAmake adhikAra zvetAmbara agAmika sAhitya meM to upalabdha nahIM hote kintu SaT khaMDAgama ke jIvaTThANameM cUlikAke antagata mahA daNDaka nAmaka adhikAra bhI pAye jAte haiN| parantu vyAkhyA. prajJapti pA~caveM aGga kA nAma hai aura vartamAna bhagavatImeM vaha uddharaNa nahIM milate jo vyAkhyA prajJapti daNDakoM se akalaMka deva ne diye haiN| ataH vyAkhyAprajJaptidaNDaka nAma se koI grantha jo saMbhavatayA pA~cave aGga kA hI aMgabhUta hogA akalaMka deva ke sAmane upasthita thA / ityAdi bAtoM se yahI jJAta hotA hai ki akalaMka deva ne jo dvAdazAMgakA paricaya diyA hai vaha kisI 1- pR0 153-244 / 2-pR0 153, 245 / 3--pu06, pR0 133 Adi /

Page #698
zrutaparicaya 673 upalabdha AdhAra se diyA hai aura vaha AdhAra nandI, samavAyAMga vagairaha se bhinna jJAta hotA hai, kyoMki usase unakA mela nahIM khaataa| ___hA~, sthAnAMga meM nauve aura dasameM aGga ke dasa adhyayanoM ke jo nAma diye haiM ve nAma akalaMka deva ke dvArA diye gaye ukta donoM aMgoM ke paricayameM pAye jAte haiN| ve nAma na samavAyAMga meM haiM aura na nandI meM haiN| kintu hama yaha kaha sakane meM asamartha haiM ki akalaMka deva ne unheM sthAnAMga se hI liyA hai yA anyatra se; kyoMki kucha nAmoM meM antara bhI hai / aMga bAhya zruta zrutake dUsare mukhya bhedakA nAma agabAhya athavA anaMga praviSTa hai / aga praviSTake racayitA gaNadhara the isa bAtameM digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoMmeM koI matabheda nahIM pAyA jaataa| kintu aMgabAhyake racayitAke viSayameM donoM hI sampradAyoMmeM do mata pAye jAte haiN| digambara paramparAmeM AcArya pUjyapAda tathA tadanuyAyI akalaGka deva aMgabAhyako ArAtIya AcAryoMke dvArA racita batalAte haiN| pUjyapAdane likhA hai ki 'vaktA tIna hote haiM-sarvajJa tIrthaGkara, zrutakevalI aura pArAtIya / sarvajJane artharUpase AgamakA upadeza diyaa| unake sAkSAt ziSya gaNadharoMne use smaraNa rakha kara aMga aura pUrvarUpa granthoMkI racanA kii| aura ArAtIya * 1-'pArAtIyaiH punarAcAryaiH kAladoSasaMkSiptAyurmatibalaziSyAnugrahArthaM dasavaikAlikAdyupanibaddham / -sarvArtha0, 1-20 /

Page #699
674 AcAryoMne kAla doSase alpAyu aura alpa buddhivAle ziSyoMke ke lie dasavaikAlika Adi race / akalaGka' devane bhI isa kathanakA anusaraNa kiyA hai / kintu zrI vIrasena svAmIne kRti anuyoga' dvArakI dhavalA TIkAmeM spaSTa rUpase indrabhUti gautama ko aga praviSTa aura aMga bAhyakA kartA batalAyA hai / eka bAta aura bhI ullekhanIya hai ki dhavalA aura jayadhavalA' TIkAke Arambha meM unhoMne indrabhUti gautamako kevala raMgoM aura pUrvokA kartA batalAyA hai, jaisAki tiloya paragati ( a. 1, gA. 76 ) meM batalAyA hai / vahA~ aga bAhyake kartRtvakA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| jai0 0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA vIrasena svAmIke laghu samakAlIna zrI jinasena ne to apane harivaMza purANa meM spaSTa rUpase yaha likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane pahale raMga praviSTakA vyAkhyAna kiyA aura phira aga bAhyakA vyAkhyAna kiyA / aura gautama gaNadhara ne use sunakara upAMga sahita dvAdazAMga zruta skandhakI racanA kI / isa taraha jo aga bAhya pahale gaNadharoMke ziSya praziSya racita mAne jAte the -1' zrArAtIyAcAryakRtAGgArthapratyAsannarUpamaGgabAhyam / - ta0 vA0, 1 - 20-13 / 2 - ' godamagotteNa brahmaNeNa iMdabhUdiNA zrAyAra .... diTTivAdANAM.... maMgabajbhANaM ca.... rayaNA kadA' / - SaT khaM0, pu0 6, pR. 126 / 3 - SaT khaM0, pu0 1, pR0 65 / 4 ka0 pA0 bhA0 1, pR0 83 / 5- 'aMgapraviSTatattvArtha pratipAdya jinezvaraH / zraMgabAhyamavocattatpratipAdyArtharUpataH // 101 // zratha saptarddhisampannaH zrutvArthaM jina bhASitam / dvAdazAGgazrutaskandhaM sopA gautamo vyadhAt // 111 // - hari0 pu0, sa0 /

Page #700
zrutaparicaya 675 uttara kAlameM unheM gaNadhara kRta mAnA jAne lgaa| yahI bAta hama zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI pAte haiN| anuyoga' dvAra aura nandisUtra meM dvAdazAMgako sarvajJa praNIta kahA hai| tathA anuyoga dvArameM gaNadharake lie sUtrako AtmAgama tathA arthako anantarAgama kahA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ye donoM grantha gaNadharako dvAdazAMgakA racayitA mAnate haiN| aMga bAhyake racayitAke viSayameM donoM grantha mUka haiN| umAsvAtike tatvArtha4bhASyameM, vizeSAvazyaka bhASyameM, aura vRhakalpa bhASyameM spaSTa rUpa se aMga praviSTako gaNadhara kRta aura aga bAhyako prAcArya kRta batalAyA hai| kintu jaba tattvArtha bhASyameM aGga bAhya aura aMga praviSTameM kevala yahI bheda batalAyA hai ki eka AcArya racita hotA hai aura dUsarA gaNadhara racita taba vizeSA0bhA0 meM ukta bhedake sivAya do bheda aura batalAye haiM-gaNadharake pUchane para tIrthaGkara jo vacana kahate haiM usase jo niSpanna hotA hai vaha aMga praviSTa hai aura vinA praznake jo artha pratipAdana tIrthaGkara karate haiM, usase jo niSpanna hotA hai vaha agabAhya hai| tathA aMga praviSTa saba tIrthakaroMke tIrthame niyata hai| kintu aMgabAhya niyata nahIM hai| 1-anu0 sU0 pR0 218 / 2 naM. sU. 40 / 3-'gaNaharANaM suttassa attAgame atthassa aNaMtarAgame / ...anu., 216 / / 4-sU. 1-20 / 5-gA0 144 / 6-'gaNahara thera kayaM vA aAesA mukkavAgaraNazro vA / dhuvacalaviseso vA aMgANaMgesu nANattaM / / 550 / '

Page #701
676 jai0 sA0 i0 pUrNa pIThikA nandicUrNi ' meM tathA nandikI haribhadrIya' vRtti meM bhI donoMmeM do bheda batalAye haiM - eka kartRnimittaka aura eka niyata aniyata / ina donoMke sivAya jo tIsarA antara vize0 bhA0 meM batalAyA haiM usa parase aMgabAhya ke bhI gaNadhara racita honekI bAta prasphuTita hotI hai; kyoMki praznapUrvaka jo artha pratipAdana tIrthaGkara ne kiyA usako bhI gaNadharoMne hI grantharUpa meM nibaddha kiyA hogaa| vi0 bhA0 ke TIkAkAra hemacandrane tInoM antaroMke tIna udAharaNa diye haiM / sthavirakRta aMgabAhya jaise bhadrabAhukRta Avazyaka niyukti zradi / prazna pUrvaka artha pratipAdanake AdhAra para racita bAhya jaise Avazyaka Adi / aniyata gabAhya jaise tandula vaikAlika Adi / tInoM antara eka hI gabAhyameM nahIM ghaTAye haiM / aba Avazyaka a MgabAhyako lIjiye / Avazyaka niyukti, vize0 0 bhA0 aura unakI TIkAoMse barAbara yaha parilakSita hotA hai ki Avazyakake antargata sAmAyika Adi adhyayanoMkI racanA tIrthaGkara ke upadezake anusAra gaNadharoMne kI thI / Avayazka ra ni0meM kahA gayA hai ki maiM gurujanake dvArA upadiSTa aura AcArya paramparAse Agata sAmAyika niyuktiko kahatA hUM / TIkAkAra malayagirine gurujanakA artha tIrthaGkara aura gaNadhara kiyA hai / isI taraha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM sAmAyikakA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki sAmAyikakA kathana tIrthaGkara karate haiM 1 - pR0 47 / 2 - pR0 60 / 3 - ' sAmAinijutiM vocchaM uvaesiyaM gurujaNe N / prAyariyaparaM paraeNa zrAgayaM zraNupuvIe // 87 // *

Page #702
zrutaparicaya 677 aura gaNadhara' use sunate haiN| isa saba kathanakA tAtparya yahI nikalatA hai sAmAyika Adi Avazyaka gaNadhara kRta haiN| ___ ataH zvetAmbara sampradAyameM bhI aMgabAhyake gaNadhara kRta honekI mAnyatA raho hai| harivaMzakAra jinasenake samayameM donoM sampradAyoMmeM isa mAnyatAkA prAbalya thA aisA pratIta hotA hai| aMgabAhyako uttarakAlameM kyoM gaNadhara praNIta mAnA jAne lagA, isa sambandhameM kucha kahanA zakya nahIM hai / phira bhI aga praviSTakI taraha usakA bhI prAmANya aura mahattA sthApita karane kI bhAvanA usake mUla meM avazya rahI hai / astu, aMgabAhyake bheda digambara paramparAmeM pUjyapAdane tatvArthasUtrake anusAra aMgabAhya ke aneka bheda batalAte hue unakI saMkhyA yA nAmoMkA koI nirdeza nahIM kiyaa| kevala udAharaNa rUpase daza vaikAlikakA nAma nirdeza mAtra kara diyaa| akalaMka devane nandisUtrakI taraha agabAhyake kAlika aura utkAlika bheda karake udAharaNa rUpameM uttarAdhyayanakA nAma nirdeza kara diyaa| kintu vIrasena svAmIne apanI dhavalA jayadhavalA' TIkAmeM aMgabAhyake caudaha bhedoMke nAma ginAkara unakA viSaya paricaya bhI saMkSepameM diyA hai / sambhavataH unhIMkA anusaraNa karate hue jinasenane bhI apane harivaMza purANameM aMgabAhyake 14 bheda 1-gaa02122| gA0 2125 / 2-sarvArtha0 1-20 / 3-'tadanekavidhaM kAlikotkAlikAdivikalpAt / ' ta0 vA0, 1-20-14 / 4-SaTakhaM0, pu0, 1, pR0 66 / 5-ka0 pA0, bhA0 1, pR067| 6-sa0 2, zlo0 102-105 /

Page #703
678 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva piitthik| ginAye haiN| una bhedoMmeM dazavakAlika aura uttarAdhyayanakA bhI nAma hai / caudaha bheda isa prakAra haiM-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava. vandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, daza vaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa vyavahAra, kalppAkalpya, mahAkalpya puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka aura nissiddhikaa| vIrasena svAmIke pazcAt unhIMkA anukaraNa karate hue nemicandra' siddhAnta cakravartI, zruta sAgara sUri Adine bhI aMgabAhyake bheda ginAye haiN| ____ yaha hama likha Aye haiM ki nandi0 (sU0 44) meM aMgabAhya ke Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta bheda karake Avazyaka vyatiriktake kAlika aura utkAlika bheda kiye haiN| tathA daza vaikAlikako utkAlikake bhedAmeM aura uttarAdhyayanako kAlikake bhedoMmeM ginAyA hai| aMgavAyake bhedoM kA samIkaraNa nandI sUtra meM aMgabAhyake jo bheda ginAye haiM unake sAtha meM inameMse kucha bhedoMkA samIkaraNa ho jAtA hai___ nandImeM agabAhyake do mUla bheda haiM-Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vytirikt| tathA Avazyaka chai bheda haiM-sAmAyika, caturvizatistava, bandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna / ukta bhedoMmese zuruke cAra donoMmeM eka hI haiM, kevala antake do meM antara hai| nandimeM kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna haiM aura Upara vainayika aura kRtikarma haiM / yadyapi digambara paramparAmeM SaDAvazyaka ve hI haiM jo zvetAmbara paramparAmeM haiM, aura 1--go0 jI0, gA0 366-367 / 2--ta0 vR0, pR0 67 /

Page #704
zrutaparicaya 679 kRtikarmakA vidhAna zvetAmbara paramparAmeM bhI hai| kintu saMbhavatayA vIrasena svAmIne grantha rUpakA nirdeza karaneke kAraNa pratikramaNa aura kAyotsargake sthAnameM vainayika aura kRtikarmakA nirdeza kiyA hai / ye donoM bhI AvazyakoMke aMgabhUta hI haiN| ___nandImeM kAlika zruta tathA utkAlikake bahutase bheda ginAye haiN| unameMse jo bheda vIrasenokta aMgabAhyake bhedoMse milate haiM ve isa prakAra haiM-daza vaikAlika, kalpyAkalpya, mahAkalpya, tathA uttarAdhyayana, kalpya, vyavahAra / digambara sAhityameM kalpya vyavahArako eka ginAyA hai| isa taraha caudaha bhedoMmeM se nau bhedoMke nAma zvetAmbara sammata aMgabAhyake bhedoMke nAmoMse mela khAte haiN| zeSameM se eka bheda puNDarIka hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke dUsare zrutaskandhake prathama adhyayanakA nAma bhI puNDarIka hai| isI taraha eka bhedakA nAma 'Nisihiya hai, isakA saMskRta rUpAntara niSiddhikA kiyA jAtA hai| udhara nandImeM kAlikake bhedoMmeM eka bhedakA nAma nisiha' hai jisakA saMskRtarUpa nizotha hai / zvetAmbaroMmeM nizItha nAmaka sUtra prasiddha hai| hama nahIM kaha sakate ki ina bhedoMkA parasparameM koI sambandha hai yA nhiiN| pro0 viMTaranITasakA kahanA hai ki yaha anumAna karanA sambhava hai ki jo mUla grantha donoM sampradAyoMmeM samAna rUpase mAnya hai, ve jainoMke pavitra sAhitya ke prAcInatama aMza haiM / tathApi jina granthoMke nAmameM sAmya hai unameM pratipAdita viSayakI dRSTise kahA~ taka ekarUpatA hai yaha prazna anusandhAna karane ke liye raha jAtA hai (hi. iM. li., ji. 2 pR. 474) / isake sambandhameM pUrvameM prakAza DAlA jA - cukA hai|

Page #705
680 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva-pIThikA di0 aMgabAhyakA viSaya paricaya Age dhavalA' jayadhavalAke AdhAra para digambara sammata aga bAhyake bhedoMkA viSaya paricaya diyA jAtA hai / 1 sAmAyika nAmaka aMgabAhya drabya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI apekSA samatA bhAva rUpa sAmAyikakA varNana karatA hai| tInoM sandhyAoMmeM yA pakSa aura mAsake sandhidinoMmeM athavA apane icchita samayameM bAhya aura ataraMga padArthoM meM kaSAyakA nirodha karaneko sAmAyika kahate haiN| usake cAra bheda haiM-dravya. sAmAyika, kSetra sAmAyika, kAla sAmAyika aura bhAva saamaayik| sacitta aura acitta dravyoMmeM rAga dveSake nirodha karaneko dravya sAmAyika kahate haiN| grAma, nagara, deza AdimeM rAga dveSakA nirodha karanA kSetra sAmAyika hai| cha RtuoMmeM sAmya bhAva rakhaneko yA rAga dveSa na karaneko kAla sAmAyika kahate haiN| samasta kaSAyoMkA nirodha karake tathA mithyAtvako dUra karake cha dravya viSayaka nirbAdha askhalita jJAnako bhAva sAmAyika kahate haiN| sAmAyika nAmaka aMga bAhyameM ina sabakA varNana rahatA hai| 2 caturvizatistava nAmaka aga bAhya usa usa kAla sambandhI caubIsa tIrthaGkaroMkI vandanA karanekI vidhi, unake nAma, AkAra, U~cAI, pA~ca mahA kalyANaka, cautIsa atizayoMkA svarUpa aura tIrthaGkaroMkI kRtrima akRtrima pratimAoM tathA caityAlayoMkA varNana karatA hai| 1--SaTarkha0, pu0 1,1066-68 tathA pu06, pR0 187-161 / ka0 pA0, bhA0 1, pR067-121 /

Page #706
zrutaparicaya 581 3 vandanA nAmaka aMgabAhya eka jinendra sambandhI aura una eka jinendra devake avalambanase jinAlaya sambandhI vandanA kA sAMgopAMga varNana karatA hai| 4 pramAdase lage hue doSoMkA nirAkaraNa jisake dvArA kiyA jAtA hai use pratikramaNa kahate haiN| usake sAta bheda haiM-dina sambandhI, rAtri sambandhI, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAMvatsarika, airyApathika, aura auttamArthika / pratikramaNa nAmaka aMgabAhya ina sAta prakArake pratikramaNoMkA kathana karatA hai| 5 vainayika nAmaka aMga bAhya jJAna vinaya, darzana vinaya, caritra vinaya, tapa vinaya aura upacAra vinayakA varNana karatA hai| 6 kRtikarma nAmaka aMgabAhya arihaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, aura sAdhukI pUjA vidhikA varNana karatA hai| ____ 7 dazavaikAlika nAmaka aMgabAhya-muniyoMkI AcAra vidhi aura gocara vidhikA varNana karatA hai 8 uttarAdhyayana cAra prakArake upasarga aura bAIsa parISahoMke sahaneke vidhAnakA aura unake sahana karaneke phalakA tathA aneka prakArake uttaroMkA varNana karatA hai| 6 kalpyavyavahAra-sAdhuoMke yogya AcaraNakA aura ayogya AcaraNake hone para prAyazcita vidhikA varNana karatA hai| 10 kalpyAkalpya-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakA Azraya lekara muniyoMke yaha yogya aura yaha ayogya hai, ityAdikA varNana karatA hai| 11 mahAkalpya-dIkSAgrahaNa, zikSA, Atma saMskAra, sallekhanA aura uttamasthAna rUpa ArAdhanAko prApta hue sAdhuoMke karane yogya AcArakA varNana karatA hai|

Page #707
682 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA 12 puNDarIka aMgabAhya-bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka, kalpavAsI aura vaimAnika sambandhI indra sAmAnika deva AdimeM utpattike kAraNabhUta dAna pUjA zIla tapa upavAsa, samyaktva aura akAma nirjarAkA tathA unake upapAda sthAna aura bhavanoMke svarUpakA varNana karatA hai| __ 13 mahApuNDarIka aMgabAhya- unhI indroM zrAdimeM utpattike kAraNa bhUta tapo vizeSa AdikA varNana karatA hai| 14 niSiddhikA aMgabAhya-aneka prakArake prAyazcitakA varNana karatA hai| aMgabhinna zvetAmbarIya Agama vartamAnameM zvetAmbara sampradAyameM ukta gyAraha agoMke sivAya 34 Agama aura bhI mAne jAte haiN| ve haiM-12 upAMga, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUlasUtra, 10 painnA (prakIrNaka), eka nandi aura eka anuyoga dvaar| isa taraha zvetAmbara sampradAya 45 AgamoMko vartamAnameM mAnatA hai| kintu sthAnaka vAsI sampradAya usameM se kevala battIsa AgamoMko hI mAnatA hai jo isa prakAra haiM-11 aga aura 12 upAMga ye 23, eka nizItha 24, eka bRhatkalpa 25, eka vyavahAra sUtra 26, eka dazAzruta 27, eka anuyoga dvAra 28, eka nandi sUtra 26, eka daza vaikAlika 30, eka uttarAdhyayana 31, aura eka Avazyaka 32 / ___aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, sUrya prajJapti, jambUdvIpa prajJapti, candra prajJapti, kalpikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpa cUlikA aura vRSNidazA ye bAraha upAMga haiM jinheM zvetAmbara tathA sthAnakavAsI sampradAya mAnate haiN| pratyeka aga

Page #708
zrutaparicaya kA eka eka upAMga mAnA jAtA hai isa liye aMgoMkI taraha upAMgoMkI saMkhyA bhI bAraha hI mAnI gaI hai| __ nizItha, bRhatkalpa. vyavahAra, dazA zruta skandha, paMcakalpa aura mahAnizItha ye chai chedasUtra haiN| inameMse sthAnaka vAsI kevala zurUke cArako mAnate haiN| Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana piNDaniyukti yA aodhaniyukti ye cAra mUla sUtra haiN| inameMse antima niyuktiko sthAnakavAsI sampradAya nahI maantaa| ___ catuH zaraNa, zrAtura pratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka, tandulavaicArika, candrabedhyaka, devendrastava, gaNividyA, mahApratyAkhyAna, vIrastava, ye dasa painnA haiM jinheM sthAnakavAsI mAnya nahIM karate / aura digambara sampradAyameM to bAraha aMgoMke sivAya zeSa AgamoMkA koI sthAna hI nahIM hai| nandi aura anuyogadvAra zvetAmbarIya Agamika sAhityakA paricaya prApta karane ke liye nandisUtra aura anuyoga dvAra sUtra kozake tulya haiN| unako dekhane se pratIta hotA hai ki unake racayitAoMne mUla Agamika sAhitya kA jJAna karAne ke liye jo jo vastue~ tathA upAya Avazyaka samajhe unakA saMkalana apanI ina kRtiyoM meM karanekA prayatna kiyA thaa| cU~ ki nandi meM anuyoga dvArakA nAma AyA hai isaliye anuyoga dvAra nandIse prAcIna hai| kintu Agamake viSaya meM nandiko adhikArI mAnA jAtA hai| donoMmeM jJAnakI carcA hai / anuyogadvArameM zrutake bheda aga praviSTa aura aGga bAhya karake aGga bAhyake kAlika aura utkAlika bheda kiye haiM aura utkAlika ke Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta ye do bheda kiye haiN|

Page #709
684 jai0 0 sA0 i0 pUrva pIThikA kintu nandi meM aGgabAhya ke Avazyaka aura Avazyakavyatirikta bheda karake Avazyaka vyatiriktake kAlika aura utkAlika bheda kiye haiN| isakI vistAra se carcA pahale A cukI hai / anuyoga dvAra meM kevala Avazyaka kI carcA hai kintu nandI meM aga paviTTha yA aGga bAhya meM una saba granthoM ke nAma diye haiN| jo AgamakI zreNI meM Ate haiM kintu jinheM aGgoM meM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isa granthasUcI meM bahutase nAma aise haiM jo vartamAna meM Agama ke abhUta rUpase mAne jAte haiM / kintu ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki vartamAna meM zva etAmbara sampradAya meM una granthoMko jina vizeSa vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita mAnA jAtA hai, nandI meM una vibhAgoM kA koI saMketa taka nahIM hai / ve vibhAga haiM upAMga, painnA, chedasUtra aura mUlasUtra / nandimeM inakA nirdeza nahIM hai / painnAkA nirdeza hai kintu bhinna artha meM / tathA nandI meM anaMga praviSTa ke antargata aise bhI bahutase grantha nirdiSTa haiM, jo yA to prApta hI nahIM haiM yA granthoMke antargata adhyayanoMke nAma rUpameM pAye jAte haiM, kintu pRthaka grantha ke rUpa meM nahIM pAye jAte / nandI meM pradatta pranthasUcIkI eka aura bhI vizeSatA hai / usameM nandIkA bhI nAma hai| aba yadi AgamoMko pustakArUr3ha - karane vAle devarddhi gaNi nandi' ke racayitA haiM to nandikI granthasUcI se vartamAna Agama granthoM meM pAyA jAne vAlA antara khAsa 1 - nandi sUtra ke racayitA devavAcaka devarddhise bhinna the / aisA jai0 sA0 i0 gujarAtI meM likhA hai / kintu ve donoM samakAlIna ye /

Page #710
685. zrutaparicaya taurase ullekhanIya hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki devarddhi gaNike pazcAt Agamika sAhityakA na kevala punaH vibhAjana huA hai kintu unakA punaHsaMskAra bhI kiyA gayA hai| ___ nandisUtra aura anuyoga dvAra donoM gadyameM race gaye haiM yadyapi bIca-bIcameM gAthA bhI AtI haiN| nandIke prArambhameM pacAsa gAthAe~ haiN| prathama gAthAke dvArA tIrthaGkara sAmAnyakA stavana kiyA hai| gAthA do aura tInameM bIra bhagavAnakA stavana hai| tatpazcAt 14 gAthAoMse saMghakA stavana hai| jaina-sAhityameM saMghakA stavana itanA vistAra se mere dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| gAthA 18-16 meM caubIsa tIrthaGkaroMkA nirdeza hai| gAthA 20-21 meM bIra bhagavAnake gyAraha gaNadharoMkA nirdeza hai / gAthA 22 meM bIra zAsanakA jayakAra hai| gAthA 23 se sthavirAvalI prArambha hotI hai, jisake sthaviroMkI nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai 1 sudharmA, 2 jambU, 3 prabhava, 4 zayyaMbhava, yazobhadra, 6 sambhUta, 7 bhadrabAhu, 8 sthUlabhadra, 6 mahAgiri, 10 suhastI, 11 balissaha, ( bahulakA sahodara), 12 svAti, 13 zyAmArya, 14 zANDilya, 15 Arya jIta dhara, 16 samudra, 17 maMgu, 18 Arya nandila, nAgahastI, 20 revatI nakSatra, 21 siMha 22 skandilAcArya, 23 himavanta, 24 nAgArjuna, 25 bhUta dinna 26 lohitya aura 27 dRSyagaNi / nandisUtra meM pradatta yaha sthavirAvalI suhastIse Age, kalpa sUtrakI sthavirAvalIse bhinna ho jAtI hai| avacUrI meM isakA kAraNa spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki suhastIkI ziSya paramparAkA

Page #711
686 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA ullekha kalpasUtra meM kara diyA hai, usakA yahA~ adhikAra nahIM hai kyoMki usameM nandisUtrake kartA devavAcaka guru nahIM aate|' ___ isa sambandhameM DA0 vebarakA kahanA thA ki sAkSiyoMse pramANita hotA hai ki nandisUtrako sthavirAvalImeM suhastIke anantara pUrvavartI athavA bhAI mahAgirikI ziSya paramparA dI gaI hai ( iM0 e0, ji0 21, pR0 264) / hamAre sammukha Aga. modaya samitise malayagiriko TIkAke sAtha prakAzita nandIsUtrakI prati hai| usake mukha pRSTha para mudrita hai 'Arya mahAgirikI AvalImeM hue dRSyagaNike ziSya devavAcaka racita nandisUtra / ' ataH nandisUtrakAra mahAgirikI paramparAmeM the| hamane Upara jo sthaviroMkI nAmAvalI dI hai, vaha bhI usIke anusAra dI hai| kintu DA0 vebarane apane nandisUtra viSayaka lekhameM jo sthaviroMkI nAmAvalI dI hai usameM isase antara hai / DA0 vebarane suhastikA nAma braikeTa meM dekara bhI usakI gaNanA nahIM kI hai| tathA maMgu aura nandilake bIcameM 17 dhamma, 18 bhaddagutta, 16 vaira aura 20 Arya rakSita ke nAma diye haiN| revatI nakSatra aura skandilAcAryake madhyakA 'siMha' nAma usameM nahIM hai| tathA nAgArjunake pazcAt aura bhUtadinnase pahale govinda nAma aura hai| avacUrike kathanAnusAra sthavirAvalIke katipaya nAmoM meM bar3I anizcitatA hai / kucha gAthAoMko jinameM dhamma Adi nAma haiM prakSipta mAnA jAtA hai| isIse gAthA saMkhyAmeM bhI antara hai / 1-'suhastinaH ziSyAvalikAyAH zrIkalpe uktatvAt na tasya ihAdhikAraH tasyAM nandikRd devavAcaka gurvanutpatteH |'-gaa. 27 kI avcuurii|

Page #712
paryanta mithyA calatA / nAma isa zrutaparicaya 687 nandi sUtra aura anuyogadvAra sUtra meM mithyA zrutoMke nAma diye haiM / anuyoga' dvAra meM to bhArata rAmAyaNase lekara sAMgopAMga cAra veda paryanta mithyA zruta kahA hai| kintu nandi' meM bhArata rAmAyaNase lekara veda paryanta mithyAzrutakI lambI tAlikA dI hai jinameMse kucha nAmoMkA patA nahIM cltaa| TIkAkAra ne bhI unakA koI khulAsA nahIM kiyaa| kucha nAma isa prakAra haiM koDillaya ( kauTilIya arthazAstra ), ghoDagamuha ( vAtsyAyanake pUrvaja ghoTaka mukhakA kAmasUtra ), vaisesia (vaizeSika darzana ), buddha vayaNa ( bauddha siddhAnta ), terAsiya ( trairAzikamata ) kAviliaM ( kapila darzana), logAyaya ( lokAyata darzana), sahi taMta ( SaSThitaMtra ), mAThara (mAThara praNIta vRtti ), purAga, vyAkaraNa, bhAgavata, pAtaJjali, gaNita, nATaka athavA bahattara kalAeM aura sAMgopAMga cAra veda / nandI aura anuyoga dvAra donoM meM jJAnakI carcA hai| usameM jo antara hai usakA spaSTIkaraNa prArambha meM kara diyA gayA hai| Avazyaka prasaMga vaza nandi aura anuyoga dvArakA paricaya 1-'bhArahaM rAmAyaNaM jAva cattAri vezrA sAMgovaMgA se taM loie zrAgame |'-anu0, pR. 218 / 2-'bhArahaM rAmAyaNaM bhImAsurukkhaM koDillayaM sagaDabhaddiAzro khoDa (ghoDaga) muhaM kappAsinaM nAgasuhumaM kaNagasattarI vaisesiDe buddhavayaNaM terAsidhe kAviliyaM logAyayaM sahitaMtaM mADharaM purANaM vAgaraNaM bhAgavaM pAyaMjalI pussadevayaM lehaM gaNigraM sauNarugraM nADayAI, ahavA vAvattarI phalAno cattAri a vezrA saMgovaMgA'..."se taM micchA sujhaM ||-nNdi0 (sU0 42 ) /

Page #713
688 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA karAneke pazcAt Age hama kramAnusAra hI zvetAmbarIya aGgatara AgamoM kA paricaya kraayeNge| bAraha upAMga bAraha agoMke bAraha hI upAMga hai| eka eka aGga kA eka eka upAMga hai| katipaya agoMmeM upAMgoMkA ullekha hai to upAMgoM meM bhI aMgoM aura upAMgoMkA nirdeza milatA hai| kintu agoM aura upAMgoMkA sambandha kevala bAhirI hai| DA0 vebarakA kahanA thA ki kisI eka hAthane agoM upAMgoMko vaha rUpa diyA thA jisameM vaha Aja pAye jAte haiN| DA0 vinTara niTsane likhA hai ki sAhityaka dRSTi se bAraha upAMga vizeSa AkarSaka nahIM haiN| - 1 prathama upAMga aupapAtikake do bhAga hai| dUsarA bhAga prathamake tRtIyAMzake lagabhaga hai| prathama bhAgameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA varNana hai| vimbasArakA putra kuNika bhagavAn mahAvIra. ke pAsa upadeza sunane ke liye jAtA hai| upadezameM acche aura bure karmoke karanese cAroM gatiyoMmeM janma lenekA tathA sAdhu aura gRhasthake kartavyoMkA nirdeza hai / dUsare bhAgakA pahaleke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| dUsarA bhAga aneka upavi. bhAgoMmeM baMTA huA hai| isameM batalAyA hai ki gautama indrabhUti bhagavAn mahAvIrake pAsa jAte haiM aura unase aneka prazna karate hai| bhagavAn unakA uttara dete haiN| adhikatara prazna punarjanmase sambandha rakhate haiN| isa bhAgake madhyameM kucha ullekhanIya bAteM bhI haiN| usameM pATha' brAhmaNa parivrAjakoM 1-'kaNhe a karakaMDe ya aMbaDe ya praasre| kaNhe dIvAyaNe ceva devagutte aNArae // -aupa0 sU., pR. 172 /

Page #714
zrutaparicaya 689 ke aura ATha kSatriya' parighrAjakoMke nAma diye haiM tatpazcAt aga 5 kI taraha brAhmaNa sAhityake granthoMkA nirdeza hai tIsare sthAnAMgakI taraha 72 kalAe~ aura sAta ninhaboMkA bhI nAma AtA hai| aga 5-6 kI taraha kucha videzI dAsiyoMkA bhI nirdeza hai yathA-siMhalI, bhAravI, puliMdI, muruNDI, pArasI Adi / granthake antameM 22 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM siddhoMkA varNana hai isa upAMga para abhayadevakI TIkA aura pArzva candrakI avacUrI hai| 2-isakA nAma rAyapaseNaija yA rAja praznIya hai / granthoM ke nAmakA saMskRtarUpa azuddha hai aisA DA. vebarakA kahanA thaa| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mUlataH isa granthakA sambandha prasenajitse thaa| usake sthAnameM parAsakA nirdeza milatA hai| DA. vebarane likhA hai ki DA0 lyumanane likhA hai ki bauddha tripiTaka dIghanikAyameM eka 'payAsI sutta' nAmaka prakaraNa hai| usake sAtha isa upAMgakA ghaniSTha sambandha honA cAhiye kyoMki isameM bhI rAjA paaisIkI carcA hai| __ ataH yA to isa dUsare upAMga aura ukta bauddhanikAya donoMkA mUla AdhAra eka hai athavA upAMga do kA AdhAra ukta bauddha nikAya hai| granthakA Arambha isa prakAra hotA hai-sUryAbha nAmaka deva apanI vibhUtike sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIrakI vandanAke liye AtA 1--'sIlaI sasihAre (ya) NaggaI bhaggaI ti| videhe rAyArAyA rAyArAme valeti a / 'aopa0 sU0, pR0 172 / 2-hi. iM. li. ( vinTa. ), ji. 2, pR. 455, / 3-I. e., ji. 20 pR. 366-370 /

Page #715
0 sA0 i0 pU0 pIThikA 660 hai / gautama gaNadhara bhagavAnase usake viSaya meM pUchate haiM / bhagavAna uttara dete haiM ki sUryAbha deva pUrvaM bhavameM paaisI nAmaka rAjA thA / eka bAra usane apane eka darabArIko bheMTa lekara zrAvastI bhejA / vahAM pArzvanAtha kI paramparAke nintha zramaNa kesI kumAra the unakI khyAti sunakara vaha bahuta prabhAvita huA aura apane rAjA paaisI ko unake pAsa le AyA / rAjA aura kesI kumAra ke bIca meM jo vArtAlApa huA vahI isa upAMga meM grathita hai / kesI kumAra ne yaha pramANita kiyA ki zarIrase bhinna AtmA hai| rAjA paaisI AtmAko nahIM mAnatA thA / vaha kahatA hai - maiMne eka corako mAra DAlA usake Tukar3e 2 kara diye / kintu mujhe to usameM AtmAkA koI cinha taka nahIM milA / kezI uttara dete haiM ki tumhArA yaha karma usa manuSyakI taraha hI hai jo Agake liye lakar3iyoMko tor3a tor3a kara dekhatA hai / ityAdi, isa para malayagiri kI TIkA hai| jai0 3 - jIvAbhigama nAmaka tIsare upAMga meM gautama indrabhUtike prazna aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uttarake rUpameM jIva, jIva aura jambUdvIpa sambandhI kSetra parvatoM zrAdikA vistAra se varNana hai / jisa bhAga meM dvIpa- sAgara vagairahakA varNana hai vaha jambUdvIpa prajJapti se sambandha rakhatA hai / uddharaNoMkI bhI bahutAyata hai / isa para malayagirikI TIkA hai / Jain Educationa International 4 cauthA upAMga pannavaNA athavA prajJApanA hai / isameM jIva kI vibhinna dazAoM kA varNana hai / yaha chattIsa padoMmeM vibhAjita hai, jinameM se aneka meM dose lekara chai taka uddesaka haiM / granthake antakI cAra gAtha meM chattIsa padoMke nAma diye haiM / una 36 padoMmeM se pahale, tIsare, pAMcave, dasaveM aura terahaveM padoMmeM jIva For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #716
zra taparicaya 661 aura ajIva kI, solahaveM aura bAIsaveM padoMmeM AsravakI, teIsaveM pada meM bandhakI, tathA chattisageM padameM kevali samudghAta kI carcA karate hue saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kI prarUpaNA hai / grantha kA Arambha paJca namaskAra maMtra se hotA hai / usake pazcAt 'eso paMca NamoyAro' Adi padya hai jise zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vajrasvAmIkA mAnA jAtA hai / usake bAda nau kArikAoM grantha kA Arambha hotA hai / DA0 jekAbI ina gAthAoM ko devaddhi gaNa kI kRti batalAte the / ina gAthAoM meM se pahalI gAthA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA stavana hai, dUsarImeM 'paNNavaNA' kA aura tIsarI cauthI gAthAoM meM usake kartA zyAmArya kA / unameM zyAmAryako teIsavAM dhIrapuruSa batalAyA hai| TIkAkAra malayagiri ke anusAra zyAmArya sudharmA ke bAda teIsava the| kintu tapAgaccha kI paTTAvalI meM nauveM susthitake samakAlIna mahAgirike ziSya balirasaha aura balirasaha ke zivya sUtrakAra svAti aura unake ziSya zyAmAcAryako zyAmArya batalAyA hai| nandIsUtra aura merutuMgakI prAcIna sthavirAvaliyoM meM vIra bhagavAn ke bAda zyAmAryakA nambara terahavAM hai| ataH teIsavIM saMkhyA ghaTita nahIM hotI / kinhIMkA aisA bhI sujhAva rahA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra se gaNanA karate samaya unake gyAraha gaNadharoMko bhI sammilita kara lene se zyAmAryakA nambara teIsavAM A jAtA hai / kintu anyatra kahIM bhI paTTadharoMkI gaNanA meM gyAraha gaNadharoM ko sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA' / astu isa para bhI malaya garikI TIkA saMskRta meM haiM / 1 - I0 e0, ji0 20, pR0 373 / 2 hi0 iM0li0, ji0 2, pR0 457 /

Page #717
662 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0pIThikA 5 pAMcavA upAMga sUryaprajJapti hai / isameM bIsa prAbhRta haiM jinameM sUryake maNDala, paribhramaNa, gati, dinamAna, hAnivRddhi, prakAza saMkhyA, varSakA Arambha aura ata, varSake bheda, candramAkI hAni vRddhi, candra sUrya AdikI U~cAI, vistAra AdikA kathana hai / isa granthameM sUrya aura candra donoMkA kathana hai| ataH DA. vinTaranITasakA kathana hai ki cUki isakA vibhAga prAbhRtoMmeM hai aura prAbhRta dRSTivAdake antargata the, ataH digambara sAhityameM jo sUrya prajJapti, jambUdvIpa prajJapti aura candraprajJaptiko dRSTivAdakA bheda mAnA hai vaha ucita hai| sthAnAMga4-1meM inheM agabAhya kahA hai| ___6 chaThA upAMga jambUdvIpa prajJapti hai-isameM jambUdvIpakA varNana hai isakA sambandha jaina bhUgolase hai| kintu bhAratavarSa kA varNana karate hue rAjA bharatakI kathAne granthakA bahuta sA bhAga le liyA hai| __7 sAtavAM upAMga candra prajJapti hai| isameM candra sambandhI bAtoMkA varNana hai yaha sUryaprajJaptise milatA julatA huA hai / 8 AThavAM aMga kalpikA yA nirayAvaliyAoM hai| 'nirayAvaliyAro' kA artha hai - 'narakoMkI paMkti' / isameM batalAyA hai ki campA nagarIke rAjA kuNikake athavA ajAta zatruke dasa bhAI yuddhameM vaizAlI nareza ceTakake dvArA mAre gaye aura marakara narakoMmeM gye| hanauvAM upAMga kalpAvataMsikA hai| isameM rAjA zreNikake dasa pautroMkI kathAeM haiM jo dIkSA dhAraNa karake marakara vibhinna svoMmeM gye| pratyekakA kathana eka-eka adhyayanameM honese isameM dasa adhyayana hai|

Page #718
zrutaparicaya 663 10 dasavAM upaga puSpikA hai| isameM bhI dasa adhyayana haiM / isameM batalAyA hai ki dasa devI-devatA puSpaka vimAna meM baiTha kara mahAvIra bhagavAnakI bandanA karaneke liye Ate haiN| vahAM bhagavAna gautama gaNadhara se unake pUrvabhava kahate haiM / 11 gyAravAM upAMga puSpacUlikA hai| isameM bhI dasa adhyayana hai| isameM bhI puSpikA kI taraha zrI hI Adi dasa deviyoMke pUrva bhavoM ke vRttAnta haiN| 12 bArahavAM upAMga vRSNidazA hai / isameM bAraha adhyayana hai / jinameM ariSTanemi tIrthaGkarase dIkSA lene vAle vRSNivaMza ke bAraha rAja kumAroM kI kathAeM haiN| prathama adhyayana meM baladeva ke aura kRSNake bhatIje niSar3ha kumAra kI kathA hai / putra na. 8 se 12 taka ke upAMgo ko nirayAvali sUtra kahate haiM / DA0 'vinTara nITUz2a kA anumAna hai ki yaha mUlataH eka hI grantha thA aura usake pAMca vibhAga the| sambhava tayA upAMgo kI saMkhyA bAraha karaneke liye usake pAMca vibhAgoM ko pAMca granthoM kA rUpa de diyA gayA / yahAM yaha likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai ki bAraha aMgoM ke sAtha ina bAraha upAMgo kA koI sambandha nahIM hai / donoM kI viSaya tAlikAoM ke dekhanese hI yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai / chai cheda sUtra cheda sUtroMkA antarbhAva kAlika zruta meM kiyA gayA hai tathA 'cAraanuyogoM meM se caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM / spaSTa hai ki cheda sUtroM kA viSaya muniyoMke AcAra se sambaddha hai / 1 - hi. iM0 li0, ji0 2, pR0 457-458 /

Page #719
jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA prathama cheda sUtra nizItha hai| kahA gayA hai ki prastuta sUtra prArambha meM bhI aisA hI pRthaka thA jaisA Aja hai| kintu pazcAt prathama AcArAMga meM mila gayA aura punaH usase pRthak ho gyaa| isameM bIsa uddezaka haiN| unameM batalAyA hai ki karane, karAne aura anumodanAse sAdhu prAyazcittakA bhAgI hotA hai| antima uddesakameM mAsika, cAturmAsika Adi prAyazcittoMkA aura unakI vidhi batalAI hai| vinTara nITsa ise arvAcIna batalAte haiN| __dUsarA cheda mahAnizItha hai / nandisUtra vagairahameM anaMga praviSTameM isakA nAma AtA hai| isakA prArambha aMgoMkI taraha suyaM me pAusaM tenaM bhagavayA evaM Aka vAyaM' ( AyuSmanaH maiMne sunA una bhagavAnane aisA kahA) vAkyase hotA hai aura pratyeka adhyayana 'tti vemi' ke sAtha samApta hotA hai| zrI vebara kA kahanA thA ki isake sivAya anya koI bAta isameM aisI nahIM hai jisase ise prAcIna kahA jA sake / isake chaThe adhyayanameM 'dasapuvvI'kA nirdeza hai| ataH isakI racanA antima dasa pUrvI vana svAmIke pazcAt honI caahiye| kahA jAtA hai ki mUla mahA nizItha sUtra to naSTa ho gyaa| haribhadrasUri ne usakA phirase uddhAra kiyaa| vartamAna mahAnizItha sUtrameM AlocanA aura prAyazcittakA varNana hai| vratabhaMgase 1 'jaM ca mahAkappasuyaM jANiya sesANi chedasucANi / caraNakaraNANurogotti kAliyatthe uvagayANi / ' 777 / zrAva0 ni0 / vi0 bhA0 gA0 2265 / 2-iM. e. ji. 21, pR0 185 / hi. iM. li. (vinTa.) ji 2, pR. 465 /

Page #720
zrutaparicaya 665 khAsakara brahmacaryavratake bhaMgase kitanA duHkha uThAnA par3atA hai yaha batAkara karma siddhAnta ko siddha kiyA hai| isameM tAMtrika kathanoM kA tathA Agametara granthoM kA nirdeza honese yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha grantha arvAcIna hai| 'kahIM kahIM ise chaThA cheda sUtra bhI batalAyA hai / isa para kevala cUrNi hai, koI TIkA nahIM hai| tIsarAcheda sUtra vyavahAra hai| Avazyaka sUtrake anusAra dasA, kappa, vyavahAra eka zruta skandha hai aura usakA nAma 'dasA kappa vyavahAra' hai| isameM vyavahArako kalpake bAda rakhA gayA hai| kintu ratnasAgarameM vyavahArako cheda sUtroM meM sarvopari batalAyA hai / isameM dasa uddesaka haiN| pahale uddesakameM batalAyA hai ki AlocanA karane vAlA aura AlocanA sunane vAlA sAdhu kaisA honA cAhiye / tathA AlocanA kisa bhAvase karanI cAhiye aura usakA kyA prAyazcitta denA caahiye| dUsaremeM batalAyA hai ki eka saMghake do sAdhu sAtha-sAtha bihAra kareM aura donoM ko doSa lage to eka tapazcaryA kare, dUsarA usakI vaiyAvRtya kre| phira dUsarA tapazcaryA kare aura pahalA vaiyAvRtya kre| isI taraha yadi aneka sAdhu sAtha 2 vihAra karate hoM to jisako doSa lage vaha tapazcaraNa kre| kintu binA kAraNa kisI tapasvIse apanI vaiyAvRtya nahIM karAnA cAhiye / ityAdi aneka bAtoMkA kathana hai / tIsare uddesakameM batalAyA hai ki gaNI pada kise denA caahiye| cauthemeM batalAyA hai ki kisa rItise vihAra karanA cAhiye aura kaise catumosa karanA cAhiye / pAMcavemeM sAdhvioM ke vihAra tathA caturmAsakI rIti batalAI hai| chaThemeM sAdhukI bhikSA, vasati Adi sambandhI doSoMke prAyazcittakA vidhAna hai| 1 jai. sA. i. (gu0), pR. 76 /

Page #721
666 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-poThikA sAtaveMmeM sAdhviyoMke liye niyama svAdhyAya AdikA vidhAna hai| AThaveMmeM batalAyA hai ki sAdhuko gRhasthakI AjJA lekara hI usake makAnameM ThaharanA tathA usake paTA AdikA vyavahAra karanA cAhiye / bhikSAke liye jAte samaya kisI sAdhuko kisI sAdhukA koI upakaraNa par3A mile to pUchakara jisakA ho usako de de| tathA bhojana kitanA karanA cAhiye, Adi bAtoMkA kathana hai / nauveM uddesaka meM zayyAtarakA adhikAra hai / jo gRhastha sAdhuko apanA makAna Thaharaneke liye detA hai use zayyAtara kahate haiN| usakA tathA usake dAsa-dAsiyoM takakA bhojanana karanekI maryAdA AdikA varNana hai| dasaveMmeM pratimA, pariSaha vyavahAra Adi aneka viSayoMkA tathA amuka amuka AgamakI zikSA kaba denA cAhiye, Adi bAtoMkA kathana hai| mUla grantha gadyameM hai / usapara prAkRta gAthAoMmeM bhASya hai / usa para malayagirikI TIkA hai| ___ cauthe cheda sUtra dasA zrutaskandhameM dasa adhyayana haiN| tIsare sthAnAMgake dasaveM sthAnameM AyAra dasAoM'nAmase isakA ullekha hai tathA usameM usake dasa adhyayanoMke jo nAma diye haiM ve hI nAma vartamAna adhyayanoMke bhI haiN| isase zrI' vebara ise prAcIna mAnate the| prathama sAta dazA 'suyaM me AusaM tenaM bhagavayA evaM AkkhAyaM' vAkyase Arambha hotI haiM aura 'tti vemi'ke sAtha samApta hotI haiN| pahalI dazAmeM asamAdhike bIsa sthAnoMkA kathana hai / dUsarImeM azakti lAne vAle ikkIsa sabala doSoMkA kathana hai| tIsarImeM gurukI 33 asAdanAoMkA cauthI dazAmeM AcAryakI ATha sampadAoMkA, pAcaveM adhyayanameM citta samAdhike dasa sthAnoMkA, 1 iM0 e0 ji0 16, pR0 211 /

Page #722
zrutaparicaya 667 chaThemeM zrAvakakI gyAraha pratimAoM kA, aura sAtoM meM bAraha bhikkhu pratimAoM kA kathana hai / isakA AThavA~ adhyayana kalpasUtra ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isameM mahAbIra bhagavAna kA varNana hai / nauveM adhyayana meM mohanIya karma ke tIsa bandha sthAnoMkA varNana hai aura dasaveM meM batalAyA hai ki zreNikane celanAke sAtha mahAvIra bhagavAna ke eka sAdhuke -mukhase kyA sunA ? yataH kalpasUtra eka svataMtra grantha ke rUpa meM zva etAmbara sampradAya meM bahumAnya grantha hai ataH usake sambandhameM kucha vizeSa prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka hai / isake tIna bhAga haiN| zrI vebara ke anusAra prathama meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA itivRtta hai, dUsare bhAgameM unake pUrvavartI 23 tIrthaGkaroM kA varNana hai aura tIsare bhAga meM sthavirAvalI hai| aura DA0 viMTaraniTsa ke anusAra pahale bhAga meM jina carita dUsare bhAga meM sthavirAvalI aura tIsare bhAga meM sAmAcArI hai| ina tIna bhAgoM ko milAkara kalpasUtra nAma diyA gayA hai| kalpasUtrakA mukhya bhAga bhagavAn mahAvIrakA jIvanavRtta hai jo bahuta vistAra se kAvya zailImeM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| use par3hate samaya bauddhagraMtha lalita vistarAkA smaraNa A jAtA hai / lalita vistarAmeM buddha janmAdikA jaisA varNana hai, kalpa sUtra meM pratipAdita mahAvIrake janmAdikA varNana usase bahuta kucha milatA huA hai / udAharaNa ke lie yahA~ donoMse anudita karake eka prasaMga diyA jAtA hai / 1

Page #723
668 jai0 0 sA0 60 pU0pIThikA na kalpasUtra 1 aisA na kabhI huA, hotA hai. na hogA ki arihanta, cakravartI, baladeva athavA vAsudeva anta kuloM meM, prAnta kuloM meM, tuccha kuloM meM daridra kuloM meM, kRpaNa kuloM meM, bhikSuka kuloM meM aura brAhmaNa kuloM meM janmeM the, janmeM haiM yA janmeMge | arihanta, cakravartI, baladeva yA vAsudeva upakula meM, bhogakula meM, rAjanya kula meM kSatriya kula meM, harivaMza kula meM athavA isI prakAra ke kisI anya kula meM janmeM the, janmeM haiM aura janmeMge / 1 lalita vistarA 1 bodhisattva cANDAla kula, veNu kAra kula, rathakAra kula, pukkasa kula jaise hIna kulloM meM janma nahIM lete| ve yA to brAhmaNa kula meM janma lete haiM yA kSatriya kula meM / jaba loka brAhmaNa pradhAna hotA hai to brAhmaNa kula meM janma lete haiM aura jaba loka kSatriya pradhAna hotA hai taba kSatriya kulameM janma lete haiM ( pR0 21 ) mahAvIrake garbha parivartana tathA janmakA varNana zrAcArAMga sUtra se milatA hai / bha0 mahAvIrake caritrake pazcAt bhagavAna pArzva - nAtha aura neminAthakA saMkSipta carita hai, jisameM unake pazca kalyANakoM kA nirdeza hai / neminAthase lekara ajita nAtha paryanta kA kevala antara kAla mAtra batalAyA hai / kintu RSabha devake paJca kalyANakoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai| Jain Educationa International sthavirAvalI meM devarddhi gaNi taka sthaviroMkA nirdeza hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki zruta kevalI bhadrabAhu usake racayitA nahIM ho For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #724
zrutaparicaya 666 sakate / bhagavAna mahAvIrake 680 varSa pazcAt pustaka vAcanAkA ullekha honese bhI usakA samarthana hotA hai / ataH zrI vebara' kA vizvAsa thA ki kalpasUtrakA mukhya bhAga devaddhi gaNike dvArA racA gayA hai| unakA yaha bhI kahanA thA ki yathArtha meM kalpasUtra athavA usakA vartamAna Abhyantara bhAga 'kalpasUtra' kahe jAnekA dAvA nahIM rakhatA; kyoMki usakI viSaya sUcIke sAtha usakA koI mela nahIM khAtA / 'dasAoM' ke AThaveM adhyayana paryuSaNA kalpake sAtha usakA mela honeke bAda use vaha nAma diyA gayA hai| kalpasUtrapara sabase prAcIna TIkA jina prabha sUrikI hai jisakA nAma sandeha viSauSadhi' hai| 1300I0 meM usako racanA huI hai / usIke prArambha meM use kalpasUtra nAma diyA huA hai| kalpasUtrakA antima bhAga paryuSaNA hai| DA0 vinTara nITsa ne ise kalpasUtrakA prAcInatama bhAga honekI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI hai| apane isa anumAnakI puSTi meM unakA kahanA hai ki kalpasUtrakA pUrA nAma vAstava meM paryuSaNA kalpa hai| aura yaha nAma isa antima bhAgake liye hI upayukta ho sakatA hai| Aja bhI zvetAmbara sampradAya meM prativarSa paryuSaNa parva meM isakA pATha hotA hai| unakA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki paramparAke anusAra jina caritra, sthavirAvalI aura sAmAcArI kalpasUtrake nAmase mUla AgamoM meM sammilita nahIM the| devaddhi gaNi ne unheM AgamoM meM sammilita kiyA, yaha paramparA kathana bahuta karake ThIka pratIta hotA hai| 1-iM0 eM0 ji0 21, pR0 212-213 / 2-hi0 iM0 li0, ji0 2, pR0 463-464 /

Page #725
700 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0-pIThikA pA~cavA chedasUtra vRhatkalpasUtra hai| koI ise dUsarA cheda sUtra mAnate haiN| sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM ke prAcAra kA yaha eka pramukha aura prAcIna grantha hai / isameM chai uddezaka hai, jinameM niSedha paraka niyamoM kA 'na kappaI' karake aura vidhiparaka niyamoM kA kappaI, karake nirdeza hai / prAkRta gAthAoMmeM sUtroM para vistRta bhASya honese ise kalpabhASya bhI kahate haiN| bhASyameM vividha viSayoM kA acchA saMgraha hai| ____eka sUtra meM kahA hai ki nirgrantha aura nimranthiyoM ko pUraba meM aMga-magadha taka, dakSiNameM kauzAmbI taka, pazcimameM sthUNA nagarI taka aura uttarameM kuNAlA nagarI taka hI jAnA cAhiye / itanA hI Arya kSetra hai usase bAhara nahIM AnA cAhiye, usake bAhara jJAna, darzana aura cAritra utpanna nahIM hote| Arya deza kI yaha maryAdA aura nirgrantha-nimranthiyoM ko usI meM vihAra karanekA Adeza anveSaNa kI dRSTise mahattvapUrNa hai| DA0 vinTara nITsa3 vyavahAra sUtra nAmaka cheda sUtra ko vRhatkalpa sUtra kA pUraka mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki kalpasUtra daNDake uttara dAyitva kA zikSaNa detA hai aura vyavahAra sUtra amuka doSake liye amuka daNDa kA vidhAna karatA hai| 1-jai0 sA0 i0 (gu0), pR. 77 / 2-'kappai niggaMthANa vA niggaMthINa vA purathimeNaM jAva aMga magahAyo ettae, dakkhiNeNaM jAva kosaMbIao, pacatthimeNaM jAva thUNAvisayAtro, uttareNa jAva kuNAlA visayAtro ettae / ettAva tAva kappar3a ettAva tAva pArie khete / Nose kappai etto vAhiM / teNa paraM nattha nANa daMsaNa carittA uspappati tti bemi // 50 // 3-hi0 iM0 li0, ji0 2, pR0 464 /

Page #726
zru taparicaya 701. chaThA chedasUtra paMcakalpa mUlarUpameM upalabdha nahIM hai| vicArAmRtasaMgraha ke anusAra paMcakalpa saMghadAsa vAcaka kI kRti hai| ratna sAgarameM jItakalpa ko chaThA chedasUtra likhA hai| yaha jinabhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa kI kRti hai| isameM jaina zramaNoMke. AcArakA tathA prAyazcitta kA varNana hai / cAra mUla sUtra zrI vebara' aura vinTara nITsane uttarAdhyayana ko prathama mUlasUtra batalAyA hai| uttarAdhyayana vagairaha ko kyoM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai yaha spaSTa nahIM hotaa| 'mUla' zabda kA vyavahAra TIkAke AdhAra bhUta granthake liye hotA hai| yataH ina sUtra granthoM para. mahattvapUrNa prAcIna TIkAe~ upalabdha haiM isa liye unheM mUla sUtra kahA jAtA thA aisA DA0 vinTara nITasa' kA mata hai| cApenTiyara ne uttarAdhyayayana sUtra kI prastAvanAmeM mUlasUtra kA anuvAda kiyA hai-'svayaM mahAbIrake zabda' jo kisI bhI taraha ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa| zubiga kI rAya thI ki jo AdhyAtmika pathake mUla arthAt zurUmeM sthita haiM unake liye jo sUtra the unheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA thaa| zrI vebara kahanA thA ki ina granthoM kA yaha nAma kAphI arvAcIna hai aura mUla sUtra kA matalaba 'sUtra se adhika kucha bhI nahIM hai| kintu ye sUtragrantha gadyasUtra rUpa nahIM haiM, kintu padyoMmeM haiN| unameM uttarAdhyayana aura dazavakAlika vizeSa prAcIna hai| 1 Avazyaka-isa sUtrameM chai adhyAya hai| unameM sAmAyika, 1-iM0 eM, ji0 21, pR0 306 / . 2- hi0 iM0 li0, pR0 466 kA Ti0 1 /

Page #727
702 jai0 sA0 i0 pU0pIThikA caturvizatistava, bandanA, pratikamaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna ina chai AvazyakoM kA kathana hai| jina kriyAoM kA prati dina karanA Avazyaka hai unakA pratipAdana karanese isa grantha kA nAma Avazyaka sUtra par3A hai| digambara paramparAmeM bhI ye chai Avazyaka mAnya haiM aura aMga bAhyake bhedoMmeM unakI gaNanA pRthak pRthak kI gaI hai| zvetAmbara sampradAyameM una chahoMke saMkalana ko Avazyaka nAma diyA gayA hai| isake racayitAke viSayameM koI ullekha nahIM milatA / Avazyaka sUtra para Avazyaka niyukti nAmaka vyAkhyA hai jise bhadrabAhu racita mAnA jAtA hai| Avazyaka niyuktike sAtha hI Avazyaka sUtra kA prakAzana huA hai| aura usa para malaya giri kI TIkA hai / niyuktike sivAya usa para do prAcIna TIkAe~ aura bhI haiM-eka cUrNi aura eka haribhadrIya Avazyaka vRtti / ___ 2 dazavaikAlika-vikAlameM bhI par3hA jA sakaneke kAraNa ise vaikAlika kahA jAtA hai aura isameM dasa adhyayana haiM isa liye ise dasavaikAlika kahate haiN| pahale adhyayana kA nAma drama puSpikA hai / jaise drumake phUla ko hAni pahu~cAe binA bhauMga usakA rasa cUsa letA hai vaise hI jaina zramaNa pravRtti karatA hai| isameM dharma kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| dUsare zrAmaNyapUrvikA adhyayanameM naye pravajita zramaNa ko dhairya pUrvaka pravRtti karanekA sandeza diyA gayA hai| tIsare tullikAcArakathA nAmaka adhyayanameM laghu AvAra kathA hai aura Atma saMyama ko usakA upAya batalAyA hai| cauthe SaTjIvanikA nAmaka adhyayanameM AcAra kA sambandha chai kAyake jIvoMse honeke kAraNa anya jIvoM kI rakSA kA kathana

Page #728
zrutaparicaya 703 | pAMcave piNDaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM bhikSA zuddhi kA kathana hai / chaThe mahAcArakathA nAmaka adhyayanameM mahAjanoM ke yogya mahAna AcAra kA kathana hai| sAtaveM vacanavizuddhi nAmaka adhyayanameM nirdoSavacana kA vidhAna hai| AThaveM AcAra praNidhi nAmaka adhyayana meM AcAra meM praNihita dattacitta hone kA vidhAna hai / nauveM vinaya samAdhi nAmaka adhyayanameM binaya sampanna hone kA vidhAna hai| dasaveM sabhikSu adhyayana meM kahA hai ki jo bhikSu navoM adhyayanoM meM pratipAdita vidhAnoM kA pratipAlaka hai vahI saccA bhikSu hai / ina dasa adhyayanoMke sivAya do adhyayana aura haiM jinheM cUlikA kahA jAtA hai / unameMse prathama kA nAma rativAkya hai / yaha sAdhu ko saMyama meM sthira karaneke liye hai / aura dUsare meM aniyata caryA kA vidhAna hai / vidhimArgaprapA' meM dazavaikAlikake bAraha adhyayana batalAye haiN| donoM antima adhyayanoM ko bhI isake sAtha ginA hai| kintu dazavaikAlika niyuktameM dasa adhyayanoM kA vidhAna karake antima do adhyayanoM ko cUlikA batalAyA hai / isa grantha para bhI eka niyukti hai jise bhadrabAhuracita mAnA jAtA hai / usameM likhA hai ki daza vaikAlika kA cauthA adhyayana AtmapravAda pUrvase, pAMcavA adhyayana karmapravAda pUrva se aura sAtavAM adhyayana satyapravAdapUrva se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai tathA zeSa adhyayana nauve pratyAkhyAna pUrvake tIsare vastu adhikArase uddhRta kiye gaye haiM / usImeM dUsarA mata yaha bhI diyA hai ki dazavaikAlika kA uddhAra dvAdazAMgarUpa gaNipiTakase kiyA gayA hai / 1 pR. 46 / 2 gA0, 16-24 / 3 - gA0 16-18 |

Page #729
704 jaM0 0 sA0 i0 pU0 pIThikA isI niyukti' meM AcArya zayyaMbhava ko dazavaikAlika kA racayitA batalAyA hai / yaha zayyaMbhava jinapratimA darzanase pratibuddha hue the aura jaba inhone gRhatyAga kiyA inakI strI garbhavatI thI / usake manaka nAmaka putra huA / ATha varSa kA hone para manakane apanI mAtAse apane pitA kA samAcAra pUchA / yaha jJAta hone para ki pitA sAdhu hogaye haiM, manaka unakI khAja meM nikalA aura unakA ziSya bana gayA / pitAne jAnA ki usake putra kI Ayu kevala chai mAsa bAkI hai| usane usake liye dazavaikAlika kA uddhAra kiyA / isameM to sandeha nahIM ki dazavaikAlika prAcIna hai aura digambara sampradAya meM bhI usakI mAnyatA rahI hai / kintu usakA prAcIna rUpa yahI thA yA bhinna, yaha anveSaNIya hai / yApanIya saMgha ke aparAjita sUrine bhI usapara eka TIkA racI thI / uttarAdhyayana- 'uttara' zabda ke do artha hote haiM - 'pazcAt ' aura javAba | uttarAdhyayana niyukti ke anusAra isakA adhyayanapaThana AcArAMga ke pazcAt hotA thA isaliye ise uttarAdhyayana kahate haiM / dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane nirvANa se pUrva antima varSAvAsa meM chattIsa praznoM kA uttara diyA thA, uttarAdhyayana usIkA sUcaka hai / isameM chattIsa adhyayana haiN| cauthe aMgameM inake nAma Aye haiM / 4 - 'maNagaM paDuJcca sejaMbhaveNa nijUhiyA dasa'jjhayaNA / veyAliyAi ThaviyA tamhA dasakAliyaM nAma || 15 || ' - daza0 ni0 / 5--' dazavaikAlikaTIkAyAM zrI vijayodayAyAM prapaJcitA udgamAdi doSA iti neha pratanyate / ' -bha* zrA0, gA0 1167 TI0 /

Page #730
zrutaparicaya 705 aura ve vartamAna uttarAdhyayanake adhyayanoMke nAmoMse prAyaH milate haiM / DA. vinTaranITsa' kA kahanA hai ki 'vartamAna uttarAdhyayana aneka prakaraNoM kA eka saMkalana hai aura ve prakaraNa vibhinna samayoMmeM race gaye the| usakA prAcInatama bhAga ve mUlyavAna padya haiM jo prAcIna bhArata kI zramaNakAvya zailIse sambaddha haiM aura jinake sadRza padya aMzataH bauddha sAhityameM bhI pAye jAte haiM / ye padya hameM balAt suttanipAtake padyoMkA smaraNa karAdete haiN|' 'vinaya nAmaka prathama adhyayanameM 'buddha' zabda AtA hai / yathA 'kaThora athavA miSTa vacanase mujhe buddha jo zikSA dete haiM, apanA lAbha mAnakara use prayalapUrvaka sunanA cAhiye // ' isa 1-hi. I. li., bhA. 2 pR0 466-67 / 2-yahA~ udAharaNake liye uttarAdhyayanase tathA bauddha dhammapadase do uddharaNa diye jAte haiM / mAse mAse u jo bAlo kusaggeNaM tu bhuNje| Na so sukkhAyadhammassa kalaM agghai solasiM // 44 / / -utta0 a06, / mAse mAse kusaggena vAlo bhuMjetha bhojanaM / na so saMkhatadhammAnaM kalaM agghati solasiM // 11 ||-dhmm0 bAlagya jahA pomma jale jAyaM novalippai vAriNA / evaM alitaM kAmehi taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / 27 / / utta0, a0 25 / vAri pokkharapatte va pAraggeriva saasyo| yo na limpati kAmesu tamahaM bUmi brAhmaNaM // 16 // -dhamma0, brAhmaNavagga / 3-jaM meM buddhANusAsaMti sIeNa pharuseNa vA / mama lAbhu tti pehAe payo taM paDissuNe // 27 // 45

Page #731
jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA adhyayanameM datta upadeza hRdayagrAhI haiN| parISaha nAmaka dUsarA adhyayana 'suyaM me AusaM ! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM' vAkyase prArambha hotA hai| isameM bAIsa parISahoM kA kathana padyameM hai / tRNa parISaha kA varNana karate hue likhA hai-'acela, rUkSa, tapasvI saMyamI tRNoM para sotA hai ataH usake zarIra kA vidAraNa hotA hai| tathA ghAma kA bhI kaSTa hotA hai| kintu tRNaparISahase pIr3ita hone para bhI sAdhu vastragRhaNa nahIM karate // tIsare caturaGgIya adhyayanameM cAra vastuoM ko uttarottara durlabha batalAyA hai| prathama narajanma, dUsare dharmazravaNa, tIsara zraddhA aura cauthe apanI zakti ko saMyamameM lgaanaa| cauthe asaMskRta nAmaka adhyayana meM kahA hai ki jIvana asaMskaraNIya hai ise bar3hAyA nahIM jA sakatA aura vRddhAvasthA Ane para rakSAkA koI upAya nahIM hai ataH pramAda mata kro| pA~cave akAmamaraNa nAmaka adhyayana meM akAma maraNa aura sakAma maraNakA varNana hai| chaThe kSullaka nigranthIya nAmaka adhyayana meM sAdhuke sAmAnya AcArakA kathana hai / antima vAkya meM kahA hai ki anuttara jJAna darzanake dhArI jJAtRputra bhagavAna vaizAlika (vizAlAke putra mahAvIra ) ne aisA kahA / ___ sAtaveM aurabhrIya nAmaka adhyayana meM pA~ca dRSTAntoMke dvArA nimranthoMkA udvodhana kiyA gayA hai| ve pA~ca dRSTAnta haiM-mer3hA, kAkinI, Amra phala, vyApAra aura samudra / AThaveM kApilIya 1-gA0 34-35 / 2-evaM se udAhu aNucaranANI aNuttaradaMsI aNuttaranANadasaNadhare arahA nAyaputte bhagavaM vaisAlIe viyAhie / 18 / / tti vemi /

Page #732
zrutaparicaya nAmaka adhyayana meM kapila munine kevala jJAnI hokara coroMko samajhAne ke lie jo upadeza diyA usakA saMkalana hai / nauveM nAma pravrajyA nAmaka adhyayana meM nami nAmaka pratyeka * buddha rAjAkI dIkSAkA varNana hai / mithilAkA rAjA nami kAmabhogoMse virakta hokara jina dIkSA letA hai aura indra brAhmaNakA rUpa banAkara usase prazna karatA hai / antameM rAjAke vairAgya pUrNa uttaroMse santuSTa hokara indra namaskAra karake calA jAtA hai / mithilAkA rAjA nami aitihAsika vyakti hai / isake viSaya meM pahale likha Aye haiM / yaha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke kAla meM huA thaa| dasaveM druma patraka nAmaka adhyayana meM mahAvIra svAmI gautama gaNadhara se kahate haiM ki 'jaise vRkSakA pattA pIlA hokara jhar3a jAtA hai vaisA hI mAnava jIvana hai / ataH gautama eka kSaNa ke liye bhA pramAda mata kara' / chattIsa padyoMmeM se pratyekakA antima caraNa 'samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae' hai / sabhI padya sundara upadeza - prada haiM 1 707 gyArahaveM bahuzruta nAmaka adhyayanake prArambhika padya meM kahA gayA hai ki 'saMyoga se mukta anagAra bhikSuke AcArakA kathana karU~gA use suno / bArahaveM harikezIya nAmaka adhyayanameM harikezI munikI kathA hai| harikezI muni janmame cANDAla thA / eka dina bhikSA ke lie vaha eka yajJa maNDapa meM calA gayA / vahA~ brAhmaNoM se usakA vArtAlApa huA / brAhmaNoMne use vahA~se calA jAneke lie kahA / vaha nahIM gayA to kucha taruNa vidyArthiyoMne use mArA | taba yakSoMne una kumAroMko pATA / pIche harikezI se kSamA yAcanA karane para chodd'aa| citrasambhUtIya nAmaka terahaveM adhyayana citra aura sambhUti nAmaka muniyoMkA vRttAnta hai / caudahaveM

Page #733
708 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA iSukArIya adhyayanameM batalAyA hai ki eka hI vimAnase cyuta hokara chai jIvoMne apane 2 karmake anusAra iSukAra nAmaka nagarameM janma liyA aura jinendra ke mArgako apnaayaa| saMbhikSu nAmaka pandrahaveM adhyayanameM bhikSukA svarUpa batalAyA hai| pratyeka padyake antameM 'sa bhikkhU' / vaha bhikSu hai ) pada AtA hai| isIse isa adhyayanakA nAma sabhikSu hai| solahaveM brahmacarya samAdhi nAmaka adhyayanameM brahmacaryake dasa samAdhi sthAnoMkA kathana hai| i. kA prArambha bhI 'suyaM meM pAusaM' Adi vAkyase hotA hai| dasa sUtroMke dvArA dasa samAdhiyoMkA kathana hai| tatpazcAt zlokoMke dvArA unhIMkA pratipAdana hai| satarahaveM pApazramaNa nAmaka adhyayana meM pApAcArI zramaNoMkA svarUpa batalAyA hai| aThArahaveM saMyatIya adhyayanameM saMjaya rAjAko kathA hai / unnIsaveM bhRgAputrIya adhyayanameM mRgAputrakI kathA hai| bIsaveM mahA nirgranthIya adhyayana meM eka munikI kathA hai| ikkIsaveM samudrapAlIya adhyayanameM samudra pAlakI kathA hai| bAIsaveM rathanemIya adhyayanameM rathanemikI kathA hai| rathanemi neminAthakA choTA bhAI thaa| vaha pravajita hogayA thaa| eka dina sAdhvI rAjula varSAse trasta hokara eka guphAmeM calI gaI aura vastra utAra kara sukhAne lgii| usI guphA meM rathanemi tapasyA karatA thA vaha rAjulako dekhakara usapara Asakta ho gayA / rAjulane use sambodhakara sumArgameM lgaayaa| teIsaveM kezigautamIya nAmaka adhyayanameM pArzvanAtha paramparA ke kezI aura gautama gaNadharake saMvAdakA varNana hai| pArzvanAthakI aitihAsikatAke prakaraNameM isakI carcA AcukI hai| pravacanamAtA nAmaka caubIsaveM adhyayanameM pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptiyoMkA kathana hai inako pravacanakI mAtA kahA gayA hai| paccIsameM yajJIya

Page #734
zrutaparicaya 706 adhyayanameM jayaghoSakI kathA hai / vijayaghoSa nAmaka brAhmaNa yajJa karatA thaa| jayaghoSa muni bhikSAke lie phuNce| usane bhikSA nahIM dii| donoMkA saMvAda huaa| jayaghoSane kahA ki yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanese hI koI brAhmaNa nahIM hojAtA aura na valkala pahinanese tapasvI hI hojAtA hai| sAmAcArI nAmaka chabbIsoM adhyayanameM sAdhuoMkI sAmAcArIkA kathana hai| khaluGkIya nAmaka sattAIsaveM adhyayanameM garga nAmaka munikI kathA hai| usameM khaluGka-galiyA bailakA dRSTAnta diyA hai| aTThAIsaveM mokSamArga nAmaka adhyayanameM mokSake mArga jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa kA varNana hai| unatIsaveM samyakatva parAkrama nAmaka adhyayanameM saMvega, nirveda, dharma zraddhA Adi tihattara dvAroMkA kathana hai| isakA AraMbha 'suyaM meM AusaM' Adi vAkyase hotA hai| yaha sUtrarUpa hai| Adi aura aMtameM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrane isakA kathana kiyA hai| tIsaveM tapomArga nAmaka adhyayanameM tapakA varNana hai| caraNa vidhi nAmaka ikatIsoM adhyayanameM cAritrakI vidhikA kathana hai / pramAda sthAna nAmaka battIsoM adhyayana meM pramAdakA kathana hai tathA rAga dveSa aura moha ko dUra karaneke upAya batalAye haiN| karma prakRti nAmaka tetIsaveM adhyayanameM karmoM ke bheda prabheda tathA unakI sthiti batalAI hai| cautIsaveM lezyA nAmaka adhyayanameM chai lezyAoM kA svarUpa batalAyA hai| paiMtIsave anagAra mArga nAmaka adhyayanameM saMkSepameM munikA mArga batalAyA hai| chattIsaveM jIvAjIvavibhakti nAmaka adhyayanameM jIva aura ajIva dravyoM kA kathana hai| isa tarahase vartamAna uttarAdhyayana sUtra vividha prakaraNoM kA eka saMgraha jaisA hai| na to yaha praznottararUpa hI hai aura na

Page #735
710 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA AcArAMga Adike bAda hI par3hane yogya hai| yaha eka upadezAtmaka tathA kathAtmaka saMgraha hai jisameM prAcInatA kI puTa hai / isa para bhI eka niyukti hai jise bhadrabAhu kI kahA jAtA hai| eka cUrNi hai| aura zAnti sUri tathA nemicanda kI saMskRta TIkAe~ haiN| DA0 harmana jekovIne isakA jarmanImeM anuvAda kiyA thaa| usakA aMgrejI anuvAda 'sekraDa buka Apha dI IsTa' nAmaka grantha mAlA kI 45 vIM jildame sUtrakRnAMgake anuvAdake sAtha prakAzita huA hai| piNDa niyukti yA ogha niyuktiko cauthA mUlasUtra mAnA jAtA hai / paramparAse inheM bhI bhadrabAhukI kRti kahA jAtA hai / piNDakA artha bhojana hai| ataH piNDa niyuktimeM bhojana sambandhI udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA AdikA kathana hai| kahA jAtA hai ki dazavaikAlika sUtrameM piNDaiSaNA nAmaka pAMcavA adhyayana hai / usI ko niyuktiko bar3A ho jAneke kAraNa alaga karake piNDa niyukti nAma de diyA gyaa| opaniyuktimeM mukhyarUpa meM caritrakA kathana hai / isameM caraNa sattarI, prati lekhanA Adi aneka dvAra haiN| dasa painnA painnA athavA prakIrNa phuTakara grantha haiN| zrI vinTara nITsa inhe vedoMke pariziSToMkI taraha mAnate haiM aura unhIkI taraha ye padyabandha haiM tathA jainadharma sambandhI vividha viSayoMkA inameM varNana haiM / inakI saMkhyA dasa hai| catuH zaraNa-isameM batalAyA hai ki arhanta, siddha, sAdhu aura dharma ina cArakI zaraNa lenese pApako nindA aura puNyakI anumodanA hotI hai / ina cAroMkA svarUpa bhI batalAyA hai| isameM

Page #736
zrutaparicaya 711 63 gAthAe~ haiN| pahalI gAthA meM paDAvazyakakA kathana hai / isakA racayitA vIrabhadra ko kahA jAtA hai / 2 tu pratyAkhyAna - meM bAla maraNa aura paMDita maraNakA svarUpa samajhate hue paMDitako rogAvasthAmeM kyA 2 pratyAkhyAna karanA cAhiye, kaise sambaMdhi maraNa karanA cAhiye AdikA kathana hai / 3 bhakta parijJA-maraNa ke tIna prakAra haiM-bhakta parijJA, iMginI aura pAdapopagamana / bhakta parijJAke do prakAra haiM - vicAra pUrvaka aura vicAra pUrvaka bhojanake chor3a deneko bhakta parijJA kahate haiN| isameM bhakta parijJA maraNakI vidhikA nirUpaNa hai / isameM 172 gAthA haiM / 1 4 saMstAraka - samAdhi maraNake ciye prAsuka tRNoMkI zayyA banAI jAtI hai use saMdharA kahate haiN| isameM 123 gAthAoMse saMtha kA kathana hai / 5 tandula vaicArika- isameM zarIrakI racanA Adi ko lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gautamake bIcame hue saMvAdakA varNana hai| gadya aura padya mizrita hai / isameM batalAyA hai ki jIva garbhame kitane dina rahatA hai kaise prahAra grahaNa karatA hai kaise usakA zarIra banatA hai / usameM kitanI haDDiyAM snAyu vagairaha hote haiM / isake nAmake viSayameM TIkAkAra vijaya vimala gaNi ne likhA ' hai ki sau varSakI AyuvAle puruSake dvArA pratidina khAye gaye cAvaloM kI saMkhyA vicArase upalakSita honeke kAraNa ise tandula vaicArika kahate haiM / isakI gAthA saMkhyA 136 hai / 1.... ' tandulAnAM varSazatAyuSka puruSapratidinabhogyAnAM saMkhyAvicAreNopalakSitaM tandulavaicArikaM nAmeti / '

Page #737
712 jai0 sA0 i0-pUrva pIThikA 6 candravedhyaka-candravedhake udAharaNake dvArA yaha batalAyA hai ki AtmAkA aisA hI ekAgra dhyAna karanA cAhiye / usIse mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isameM 174 gAthAe~ haiN| 7 devendrastava-307 gAthAoMke' dvArA devendroMkA kathana hai| 8 gaNividyA-822 gAthAoMke dvArA jyotiSakA kathana hai| 6 mahA pratyAkhyAna-142 gAthAoMke dvArA mahA pratyAkhyAna kA kathana hai| 10 vIrastava-43 gAthAoM meM mahAvIra bhagavAnake nAmoMkI gaNanA-stutirUpa hai| yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki dasa painnAoMkI tAlikA anizcita hai| koI devendrasta aura vIrastavako eka sAtha lete haiM tathA saMstArakako nahIM lete| unake sthAna meM ve gacchAcAra painnA aura maraNa samAdhiko ginate haiN| gacchAcAra meM sAdhu sAdhiyoMke AcArakA kathana hai jo mahAnizItha aura vyavahAra sUtrase liyA gayA hai| maraNa samAdhi meM 663 gAthAoMke dvArA samAdhi maraNakI vidhi Adi varNita hai| isa me likhA hai ki maraNa vizuddhi, maraNa samAdhi, bhakta parijJA, Atura pratyAkhyAna Adi granthoMse maraNa samAdhi granthakI racanA kI gaI hai| saMkSepa me yaha zvetAmbarIya aMgabAhya granthoMkA paricaya hai| ukta sAhityake AdhAra para jainAcAryoMne jo sAhitya racA usakA itihAsa Age diyA jaaygaa| yaha to usakI kevala pUrva pIThikA hai| 2-DA0 vinTara ne 300 gAthA saMkhyA likhI hai| 3- DA0 vinTara ne gAthA saMkhyA 86 likhI haiM-pR0 461 /

Page #738
nAma sUcI [isa sUcI meM grantha, granthakAra, saMgha, sthala, kSetra, rAjA AcArya Adi ke nAmoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| yadi kahIM koI nAma lagAtAra AyA hai to vahA~ pRSThAMka ke bAda 'Adi' likha diyA gayA hai| jisa pRSThAMka ke Age Ti. likhA hai usa pRSTha kI TippaNI dekhanA caahiye|] aMga cUlikA 563 . aMguttara nikAya 441,444 aMtagaDadasA 646 .. akalaMka 477, 577, 588, 563, 565, 567, 598 Adi 608, 624, 633,644, 671, 672, 673, 674, 677 / agastya 46 / agastya siMha 527 agrAyaNI pUrva 610,616, 627 agni purANa 120, 125 aGga 32, 185, 237 aGgirasa 46. aja 328, 331 ajaya 328 ajAta zatru kAzirAja 188 ajAtazatru (kuNika.) 161, 232, 233, 234, 286, 286, 260, 264, 266, 301,.302 305, 311 se 316 taka, 322 se 326 taka, 658, 662 ajitakeza kambalI 216, 453 aTTha kathA 482, 537, aNuttarovavAyadasA 646, 666, atri 46 atharva veda 6, 25, 27, 26, 32, 33, 34, 40, 48, 63, 61, 110, 111, 113, 116 117, 171, 564, 601 .

Page #739
nagara dharmAmRta 436, 440, anuyoga dvAra sUtra 506, 545, 560, 565, 581, 582, 675 683 se 687 taka anuruddha 314, 322, 334, 335 Ti0 antaHkRddaza 663 antagaDadasAtra 664 parAjita sUri 247, 365, 525, 704 3388, parAjita zrutakevalI ( 2 ) 336, 346, 486 aphagAnistAna 10, 13, 45 abhaya kumAra guha 208 / abhaya deva 633, 646, 650, 651, 660, 662, 664, 665 666, 667, 670, 686. abhaya rAjakumAra 266, 305, 320, 324, 325, 326 ambarIza 603 am laTThiA 228 ambAlA 14 ayodhyA 16, 176 ariSTanemi 5, 165, 171 aruNopapAta 563 Jain Educationa International phAlaka sampradAya 377, 378, 381 Adi berunI 333 Ti0, 334 Ti0 avadAnakalpalatA 476 avantI 237, 288, 320 se 326 taka, 332 vantI varmA 478, 476 avestA 16 azoka 316, 344, 352, 358 361, 470, 476, 536 zokAvadAna 542, azvapati 31, 66, azvasena 185 aSTAdhyAyI 568 asura 16, 20, 21, asti nAsti pravAda 628 kAzagatA cUlikA 627, zrAcArasAra 477 AcArAMga 222, 225, 226, 236, 387, 367, 410 zrAdi, 445, 446, 526, 545, 568 634, 635, 653, 664, 668, 710, zrAcArAGga cUrNi 245 zrAcArAGga niyukti 635 For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #740
zrAcArAGga vRtti 418, iNDiyana eNTikkerI 285, zrAjIvika sampradAya 432, 434, 267, 523, 556, 435, 462, 466,570, 584, indranandi zru tAvatAra 338, 528 indranAnda zru 658, indrabhUti 271 se 274 taka, Atma pravAda pUrva 626, 703, 533, 674, 688, 660, zrAdipurANa 100, 336 Ti0, IrAna 10 Andhra 21, 31, 32, . Iza upa0 54, 85, 207, ApastambIya dharmasUtra 71, 85, IzvarakRSNa 210, 566, aAryarakSita 385, 422, 506, ujjainI 236, 250, 264, 534, 558, 580, 320, 322, 326, 326, 342, aAvazyaka kathA 467 Ti0, 344, 351, 360, 375, 378, aAvazyaka cUrNi- 411, 543, ur3IsA 481,. .. 702, utkAlika zruta 576 aAvazyaka TIkA 506, 702, uttarAdhyayana sUtra 163, 164, aAvazyaka niyukti 242, 248, 216, 272, 276, 365, 400, 257, 258, 275, 374, 386, 444, 445, 523, 526, 560,568, 576, 623, 676, 677, 701, 704, 702, uttarAdhyayana cUrNi 710 Avazyaka sUtra 565, 578, uttarAdhyayananiyukti 704, 710, 665, 701, uttarAdhyayana sUtra vRtti 418 . aAzAdhara 436 utthAna zruta 563 . zrAzIviSa bhAvanA 563, 564 . utpAdapUrva 627 zrAzvalAyana 40, 46, 140, udaka peDhAla putra 461, 643, 161, 565 udayana 323, 324 ikSvAku 15, 16, 178, 176, udaya bhaTTa 314 . 186, 164, udapI 322, 328, 331, 336,

Page #741
ulUka 566, udAyI 286, 264,313, 322, etareya AraNyaka 16, 52 : 326, 332, 333 etareya upa0 54, 207 . uddAlaka RSi 61, 66, 564, etareya brAhmaNa 18, 21, 25, upadeza pada 467 Ti0, 30, 31, 32, 41, 61, 163 upaniSada 10, 27, 53, 54, aogha niyukti 517, 710 55, 65, 68; 76, 80, 134, aojhAjI 157 144, 147 zrAdi, 207 .. porana 10, 35 upAsakAdhyayana 662 zrAdi aolDana varga 3 umAsvAti 675 / aupapAtipha 556, 688 / aupamanyava 607, uvAsagadasA 646, 663, Rgveda 6, 10, 13, 14, 15, kaMkAlI TIlA 382, 383,483, 461, . .... 16, 17, 18, 16, 21, 22, kaTha 601 . zrAdi, 34, 35, 36, 45, 46, kaTha upa0 54, 56, 58, 61, 50, 51, 63, 73, 76, 77, 207, 208, . 87,60,61,66, 103, 108, 110, 118, 116, 120 131, kaNAda 566, . . 178, 205, 564, 518, 566, kathAvalI 500, 501,, 503, 507, RjukUlA nadI 251, 257, . kathA saritsAgara 323, 325, RSabha deva 4,5,7, 101, 105, 327, 328, 362, kaniMghama janarala 286 .. 107, 115, 116 Adi, 126, . 128, 126, 130, 178, 176; kapila 566,687 . kampilA 30 RSi bhASita 578,580, karaNDu 163 .... RSi maNDala prakaraNa 467 Ti0, karna 3 540, karma pravAda pUrva 630, 703

Page #742
kalAra janaka 164 kAlikazruta 574, 576, 577 kaliMga 7, 21, 163, 352 . . kAlikAcArya 436, 471, 663 kaliMga jina 7, 352, kAlIdAsa 100 kalpa sUtra 3, 235, 236, 242 kAzI 28, 50,53,185, 187, 272, 341, 358, 461, 511, 186, 161, 167, 234, 658, 520, 522, 523, 526,526, kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla 114, 532, 536, 557 686, 667, 287, 260, 303, 321, 322, 666, 328, 331, 333, 334 Ti0, kalpa sUtra niyukti 387 352, 355, 358, 361 kalpAvataMsikA 662 . :: kAzmIra 10, 13, . kalpya vyavahAra 681 / kazyapa 46 kalpyAkalpya 681 .. kItha DA0 65,66,112, 134, kalyANa pravAda 631 , 135, 136, 137, 166, 566, kalyANavijaya muni 266, 350, kuNAla 356, 360 351, 356, 361, 368, kuNDapura yA kuNDa grAma 225, 373 Ti0, 423, 466 226, 228 zrAdi, kasAya pAhuDa 606, 672, kuthami 566 kApha vaNi 322, 323 kATa 552.588, kundakunda 552, 588, kANe viddhi ( kANTha viddhi) kubhArapAla pratibodha 320, 324, 563 325, 326, .. kANva 46 kumAra saMbhava 100 . . kAbula 10, 13, kumbha kAra jAtaka 163 kAmbala sampradAya 37 kuru ( jAti) 15, 25, 27, kAlAyasavesiya putta 402, 403, 28,32 . kuru ( janataMtra) 50, 76, 186 kAlAsoka 315 kuru kSetra 30, 53, 658,

Page #743
( 6.) kUrma purANa 120. kSudra vimAna ghibhakti 566 . kRtikarma 681 kSemendra 362 ... kRttikArya 346 kharataragaccha 541, kRSNa svAmI AyaMgara 157 ravAravela 7, 333Ti., 352, kRza sAMkRtya 431, 432 355, 476, 480, 550 kena upaniSad 58 gaMga mAlA jAtaka 188 . ke. bI. pAThaka 267 ... gaMDikAnuyoga 585 kezI kumAra zramaNa 220, 365, gAMgeya 403 660, 708, gaNipiDaga 550, 703, gaNi vidyA 712 kaikaya 31, 66 gandhAra 163 kotsa prAcArya 12 garuNa purANa 120 kola bruka 2, 567, garuNopapAta 563 kosala 28, 30, 32, 50, 176, gardabhilla 286, 261, 264, 185, 186, 187, 161, 167, gArgya 566, 234, 658, gArva 134, 136, kauTilya 211 gItA 150 aAdi, 160, 162 kauTilya arthazAstra 433, 477, gItA rahasya 146 603,607, 687, guNadhara AcArya 676 kauzAmbI 30, 236, guNa sundara 357 kauzika 564, guNADhya 362, 366, 367 kauzika gRhya sUtra 564, gupti gupta 350 kauzika smRti 564 gopatha brAhmaNa 40,567 :kauSItakI upani0 54, 207, gopAla bAlaka 328, " brAhmaNa 66 gommaTa sAra karmakANDa 588 kriyAvizAla pUrva 632 gobhbhaTa sAra jIvakANDa 442

Page #744
govardhanAcArya 338, 336, 342, 335, 336, 341 zrAdi, 351, 346, 350, 486, 538 353, 355, 358, 362, 367, gozAlaka 216, 266, 301 / 370, 516, zrAdi, 425 Adi, 432 zrAdi, candra prajJapti 624, 648, 662, 440 zrAdi, 453 zrAdi, 460, candra vedhyaka 712 584, 658 campA nagarI 658, 662 gauDapAda 210 cANakya 315, 352, 363, 366 gautama gaNadhara 220, 338, 336, cAraNa bhAvanA 563, 564, 346, 357, 366, 461, 526, cArAyaNa 600, 532, 554,643, 674, 667 cimmana lAla zAha 383, 663, 707,708 ceTaka 161, 162, 231, 234, gautama dharma sUtra 82, 446 235, Adi, 266, 301, 662, griyarsana 134, 136, 176, 266, 270 caikitAyana 603, ghana nanda 315 chAndogya upa. 31, 54, 55, ghoTaka mukha 687 57, 56, 60, 63, 77, 80, ghora aAMgirasa 170, 202 8 4, 134, 151, 202, 207, caTarjI sunIti kumAra 11 80, 607, 266 janaka 28,66,76, 186, 186, caNDa pradyota 236, 312, 322, 160, 568 324 Adi jamadagni 46 caturviMzatistava 680 jamAli 658 candra gupta maurya 1, 160, 287, jambU dvIpa paeNaci 336 Ti, 286, 264, 265, 312, 313, " 561, 565, 624 315, 316, 326, 330, 334, 648, 657, 660, 662

Page #745
jambu svAmI 338 zrAdi, 346, jItadhara 685, 354, 357, 374, 361, 485, jIvAbhigama 660 . 486, 636, 640, 685 jugala kizora mukhtAra 261 jaya 346 .. . jRmbhikA grAma.251,, 257 . jayacanda vidyAlaMkAra 5 jekobI. yA yAkobI DA0 3, 4, jayadhavalA TIkA 260, 337, 184. 201, 207, 212, 216, 336 Ti:, 528, 548, 568, 227, 228, 226, 235, 240, 680, 606, 624, 671, 674, 285, 260, 306, 364, 430, .. 677 436, 442, 444, 445, 446, jayAnandasUri 465 Ti, ... 448, 452, 453, 454, 455, jAtukarNya 605 458, 460, 511, 514, 520, jAnakI haraNa 438 . .. 523, 636; 644, 661 jalagatA cUlikA 626 / jyotirvidAbharaNa 476, jAla cAra penTiyara 285, 287, jyotiSkaraNDa 466 284, 260, 263, " TIkA 507 264, 306, 370, 701 jJAna pravAda pUrva 606, 626, jinadAsa mahattara 268, 503, jJAtR dharma kathA 656 Adi, jina prabha 5.23, 666, DyUsana prophesara 206 jinabhadra gaNi 248, 373, tattvArtha vArtika 27, 81, 477, 374, 380, 360, 416, 486, 577, 563, 602, 624, 633, 701 665, 667, 672 jinasena 60, 116 tattvArthabhASya 675, , 284, 312, 674, tattvArtha sUtra 421, 677 / . . 677 tandula vaicArika 578, 676, jimmara 26, 45 711, jIta kalpa 418, 701 tapAgaccha pahAvalI 661,

Page #746
tittho gAlI painnaya 312, 313, 381, 436, 440, 463 332, 486, 466, 543 dazaratha 356, 470, 476 tiloya paNNaci ) 283, 267, dazavakAlika 418, 677, 681, triloka prajJapti 313, 332, 702, 704,710 337, 336 Ti0 353, 528, dazavaikAlika cUrNi 527. 674 dazavakAlika niyukti 703 tIrthoddhAra prakaraNa 313 dasA 666 tejo nisarga 563, 564, dasA kappa vavahAra 665, taittirIya AraNyaka 53, 86,60, " dAsa guptA DA0 70, 71 133, 137, dAsya-dasyu 18,16. 31 , upaniSad 54, 84, digdha nikAya 215, 217, 430 207, 567, 432, 440, 441, ,, brAhmaNa 110 447, 562, 686, ,, saMhitA 47, 118 divodAsa 15 tripiTaka 3, 201, 216, 218, divyAvadAna 322, 356, 477, 310, 435, 446, 537, 550, dIpabaMza 313, 322, 542 . 686, dummukha 163 trilophasAra 284, 266, 267, dummedha jAtaka 188 - 477, .. durbalikA puSyamitra 558, 580 trairAzika 584, 644, 687, dRSyagaNi 685 thalagatA cUlikA 627 dRSTivAda 552, 558, 556, dakSiNApatha 30, 376, 563, 566, 568 zrAdi, 576 dayAnanda svAmI 11, 12, pAdi, 586 aAdi, 653 darzaka 322, 323, 324, 325, dRSTi viSabhAvanA 563, 564, " . 327, devarddhi gaNi 467 Adi, 507 darzana sAra 216, 371, 372, Adi, 511, 517, 521,523,

Page #747
(10) 527, 558, 668, 666 313, 315, 322, 326, 330, devavAcaka 686 331, 332, 352, devasena 216,371, 372, 375, nanda vardhana 286, 321, 378 zrAdi, 436, 463 335 Ti. 336 Ti. devendra gaNi 523 nanda vaMza 260, 328, 351, devendrasUri 615 366, 367, devendra stava 712 nanda vAtsya 431, 432, 445, devendropapAta 563 nanda samvat 333, 336 Ti. dvIpa sAgara prajJapti 625, 648 nandi vardhana 321, 327, 328, dhanananda 334 dhammapada 445, 447, .. 326, 331, 334, nandi 338 dharasena 553, 558 dharmaghoSa 467 Ti. nandicUrNi 503, 506, 676, dharmasAgara gurvAvalI 651 . nandi TIkA 503, 507, dharmAnanda kosambI 170, 202, nandi mitra 338, 486, 214, 215 nandila 685 dhavalATIkA 272, 284, 266. nandi sUtra 517, 555, 560, 337, 336 Ti0, 528, 547, 564, 565, 570, 574, 581, 546, 554, 568,588, 564, 633, 644, 650, 653, 664, 602, 606, 615, 623, 624, 667, 666, 673, 675, 677, 671, 674, 677,680 678, 676, 683 se 687 taka dhRta rASTra kAzIrAja 28, 187 661, dhRtiSeNa 346 nandi saMgha paTTAvalI 262, 338, naggaji 163 naciketA 61, 62, nabhovAhana 264, nanda 7, 286, 264, 265, nahapAna 286, 356

Page #748
nAga pariyApanakA 563 nAga hasti 685 nAgArjuna 500 zrAdi, 506, 506, 685 nAtikA 228, 226, nAthUrAma premI 381 nArada 63 nAlandA 228, 643 nigaMTha nATaputta 217, 222, 230 nirayAvalI sUtra 264, 568, 662 ( 11 ) nirukta 85 nizItha cUrNi 266, 437, 506 nizItha sUtra 527, 676, 664 niSAda 31, 32 niSiddhikA 682 nIla kaNTha zAstrI 181 nemi candra 710 nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI 284, 442, 477, 678, naimiSAraNya 30 naiSadha ( kAvya ) 41 jAba 10, 12, 20, 27, 32, 44, 45 paJca kalpa 701 Jain Educationa International paJja vastuka 564, 565 paJcaviMza brAhmaNa 61 paJcazikha 566 paJcaziva 210 paJcAla 25, 27, 28, 50, 53, 67, 76, 186, 163 paJcAzaka 408, 418 paNa 15, 16, 17, pataJjali 100, 434, 435, 687 padAnukramaNI 18 padma purANa 176 padmasundara 467 Ti., panavaNA 657, 660, paramattha jotikA 186, 161, parAzara RSi 566, 602, 605, parikarma 583, parivrAjaka sampradAya 432 pariziSTa parva 264, 322, 326, 332, 340, 366, 488, 466, 540, 543, 566 pAi sadda maharaNava 268 pATalI grAma 228 pATalI putra nagara 228, 226, 236, 313, 351, 355, 486, For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #749
461, 466, 516, 518, 541, puNDU vardhana 21, 342, 478 542 puNya vijaya muni 350, 527, pANini 135, 136, 140, puru 15, 16, 27, 1788, 176 160, 434, 437, 563, 564, purukutsa 15, 16, . 518, 566, 601, pulinda 21, 31, 32 pANDari bhikSu 437, puSpa cUlikA 663 pAtaJjala mahAbhASya 88, 106, puSpa danta 553, 558, 140, 564, 602, puSpikA 663 pArzva candra 686, puSya mitra 286, 264, 467, pArzvanAtha 4 zrAdi, 50, 185, pUjyapAda 608, 634, 673, 160, 163 aAdi, 200 Adi, 677 213, 220 aAdi, 276 zrAdi, pUraNa kAzyaya 216, 217, 440 365 zrAdi, 400, 436, 446 . Adi, 444, 453 447, 450, 452, 456, 660, 668, 707, 708, pUrva 584,585, 610, . pArthApatyIya 221, 222, 364 paippalAda 601 ___ Adi, 456, 461 648, prakruddha kAtyAyana 216, 453 pAlaka 228, 260, 264, 265, prati kramaNa aMgabAhya 681 312, 322, 326, 328, 326, pratyAkhyAna pUrva 630, 634, .. 331, 332, 357, pAla cAra peMTara 112 . pradyota 322, 325, 326, 327, pAvA 3, 235, 308, pradyota vaMza 318, 316, 320, piNDa nithukti 517, 710 321, 327 pI. sI. dIvAna 171 prathamAnuyoga 585, 627 / puNDarIka aMgabAhya 682 prabAhaNa jaibali 27, 67, 68, puNDU 21, 26, 31, 32 ... 703

Page #750
prabhava 340, 357, 486,685 322, 324, 345, 647, 688 prabhAcandra 346 662 prabhAvaka carita 503 buddha 5, 6, 88, 86, 114, prabhAsa purANa 172 . 126, 162, 161, 205, 212 pravacana sAroddhAra 418, 588, Adi, 228, 286, 266 aAdi, prazna upa0 54, 63,171, 207, 303 zrAdi, 311, 447, 536 602, Adi, prazna vyAkaraNa 650, 668 aAdi buddha ghoSa 226, 430, 432, prAkRta vyAkaraNa mArkaNDeya 266 441, 444, 445, 447,, prIhisTorika iNDiyA 160 buddha caryA 223, 302, 447, (DA.) plITa 350, 351, 387, buddha nirvANa 315, 316, proSThila 346 buddhila 346 baMgAla 14, 21, 26, 481, buhalara 2,4, 384, 453, 474, banarjI 67, 160, 478, 480, 461, 523, barutrA pro0 50, 87, 431, 435, 436, 438, 456, 477, bRhatkathA 362, 367 balamitra bhAnumitra 286, 264, bRhatkathA maJjarI 362 balissaha 685 bRhatkalpa 350, 416, 527,, bANa bhaTTa 436, 437, 475, 700 bRhatkalpa bhASya 418, 675, bAdarAyaNa 602, bRhajAtaka 436, 471, bAravara 356 bRhadAraNyakau pa0 54, 57, 56, bArtha 3, 133, 161,514, 77, 76,86, 151, bindusAra 316, 352, 358, 186,165, 168, 200, bimbasAra zreNika 161, 232, 564, 566, 603, 606, 235, 266, 302, 305, 320 bRhaspati mitra 352 . 476,

Page #751
( 14 ) becara dAsa paMDita 268, 386, 538, 536 zrAdi, 557,570, __487, 516, 685, 703 belaMdharopapAta 563 bhadrabAhu carita 371, 378, 381, baudhAyana dharma sUtra 446, bhadrabAhu saMhitA 350 brahma sUtra 54, 207, 602, bhadrAcArya 376, 377 aAdi brahmANDa purANa 317, 603, bhadrezvara 500, 503 507, 606, bharata (jAti) 14, 15, 27, 32, brahmAvarta 25, 30, 178, bhaktaparijJA 711, bharata dauSyantI 25, 27, bhagavatI aArAdhanA 365, 400, bharatezvara bAhuvali 467 Ti., . 525 bhAgavata purANa 5, 116, 121, bhagavatI sUtra 222, 273, 301, 122, 123, 125, 126, 130, 402, 425, 458, 456, 478 163, 317, 318, 328, 326, 527, 533, 577,656, 671 566, 605, 687, bhagavaddatta 564, 565 bhArata varSa 5, 10, 65, 216 bhaTTi kAvya 438 bhAradvAja 46 bhaTTotpala 436, 471, bhArgava 46 bhaNDArakara DA0 26, 75, 107, bhAva prAbhRta 588, 108, 121,124, 136, 136, bhAva saMgraha 371, 375 144, 188, 165, 118, 323, bhAsa kavi 322, 323, 325, 327 325, 481, bhUta dina 685, hai bhUtabali 553, 558, bhadrabAhu 338, 336, 340,341, mRtavAla - maMgu 685, zrAdi, 344 Adi 353 zrAdi, . 358 zrAdi, 362, 366, 370, magadha 21, 26, 28, 29, 32, 375, 376, 361, 485, 516, 114, 185, 237, 264, 320,

Page #752
321, 322, 327, 328, 326, mahA nArAyaNa upa0 54, 136, 332, 333, 467, 516, 207, magadha vaMza 328 . mahAnizItha 664 majhimanikAya 163, 212, ___ mahA padma nanda 326, 330, 332, 255, 308, 312, 334, 351, 365, 367, 368,, 431, 445, 447, 448, mahAparicivvANasutta 114, 228, matsya deza 50, 53, 226, 233, mahA puNDarIka 682 matsya purANa 317, 318, 326, mahA purANa 60, 116, 566, . 356, 602, mahApratyAkhyAna 712 . mathurA 462, 467, 500, 507, mahA bhArata 20, 21, 28, 31, madhya deza 30, 32, 50, 86, 110, 120, 124, 132 manu smRti 13, 33, 85, 114, zrAdi, 172, 188, 164, 167, marIci kumAra 565, 564, 600, 602,603, 604, malayagiri aAcArya 242, 258, mahA vimAna vibhakti 563 466, 507, 510, 576,576, mahAvIra 5, 6, 50, 88, 86, 584, 586, 633, 660, 676, 62, 114, 162, 163, 205, 660, 661, 666, 212 Adi, 222 Adi, 276 maskarI pUraNa 436, 430, 440, mahA karmaprakRti prAbhRta 554, aAdi, 286, 266, 346, 400 zrAdi, 426, 436, 446, 447 610, 616, 452, 458, 674, 688,663, mahA kalpya 681 668, 707, mahAgiri 357, 358, 360, mahAvIranirvANa 287, 260 361, 558, 685, 661, zrAdi, 310 aAdi, 316, 330, mahA govinda sutta187 332, 336, 340, 370, 467, mahAnandi 331, 334, 516,

Page #753
mahAvagga 228, 226, 386 mahA vaMza 313, 314, 316, mahA svapnabhAvanA 564 mahIdhara 11, mAghanandi zrAvakAcAra 267, 268 mAJchapika 564 mAThara 567, 687, mAThara vRtti 566, 567, mAti posaka jAtaka 188 mAdhava candra 266, 267, mAdhyandina 601, mAyAgatA cUlikA 627 mArkaNDeya purANa 120 mithilA 707, ( 16 ) muNDa 314, 322, 334, 335 Ti0, 565 muNDaka upaniSada 54, 56, 171, 207, 565 mudrArAkSasa 352, municandra sUri 467 Ti0, mUlAcAra 277, mRgAra seTha 447 megasthanIja 136, 351, meruturaMga 284, 285, 264, 312, 661, maitrAyaNIya upa0 54, 58, 207 Jain Educationa International maitrAyaNIyasaMhitA 48 mokSa mUlara 134, 286. mohejodar3o 67 di 116 taka 481, mauda 601, maudgalyAyana 567, maurya sAmrAjyakA itihAsa 343 yajurveda 5, 25, 26, 35, 36, 48, 63, 601, yati vRSabha 312, 553, yadu 15, 27, 178, yazobhadra 340, 350, 357, 358, 486, 536, 570, 685, yAjJavalkya 66, 67, 76, 87, 186, 187, 186, 168, 200, 567, 568, 602, yApanIya saMgha 246, 525, 704, yAska muni 12, 84, 566, yoga darzana 100 yoga bhASya 210 yoga vAziSTha rAmAyaNa 605 yoga zAstra vRtti 506, ra yoga sUtra 210, yoni prAbhRta 553 rattI paraganA 230 ratnanandi 371, 378, 381, 382 For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #754
480, ( 17 ) ratna sAgara 665, 701, revatI nakSatra 685, rathanemi 708, roma harSaNa 606, rameza candra datta 51, 72, 184, laghujAtaka 436, 472, rAjagRhI 228, 232, 302, lalitA vistarA 667 326, 530, lArsana 2 . rANAyana 600, liGga purANa 120 rAdhA kumuda mukarjI 102, 107, licchavi 114, 186, 161 aAdi 228 230, 234, 236 656 . rAdhA kRSNan 5, 108, 158, loka prakAza 500, . rAmaghoSa 468 . loka binDusAra 554, 632, rAmacandrana TI0 ena0 105, lokamAnya tilaka 10, 35, 107, 483, 82, 146, 148 rAmaprasAda candA 66, 100, lyumaina 686 rAmAyaNa 21, 82, 88, 201, lohArya 336 Ti0, 346, 606, lohA cArya 356 rAmilla 376, 377, 378, lohitya 685, 376, vagga cUlikA 563, rAya caudharI 136, 137, 138, vajjigaNa 114,186, 164, 233 170, 187, 188, 160, 161, vajrasvAmI 534, 558,580,635 vatsadeza 237 . rAya paseNIya 657, 686, vandanA 581 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 223, 228, varAha mihira 350, 436, 226, 447, varuNopapAta 563 rutha DAkTara 24, varNI abhinandana grantha 180 rUpa gatA cUlikA 627 varDavuka 352, 473 zrAdi re DeviDs 4, 8, 226, 438, 471, 163

Page #755
18 ) valabhI 271, 372, 373 Ti0, vinaya piTaka 386, 375, 377, 378, 386, 461, vinaya vijaya 500 462, 467, 468, Adi, 507, vinTara nITas 8, 6, 62, 136, 517, 516, 144, 515, 518,636, 637, vaziSTha RSi 14, 46, 47, 605, 644, 655, 658, 667, 676, 606, 688, 662, 663, 664, 667, vasu 603, 666, 700, 701, 705, 710, vAcaspati mizra 210, vipAka sUtra 670 Adi vAyu purANa 120, 124, 160, viliyama jonsa 1 . 165 326, 330, 356, 566, vilsana 2 606, vivAha cUlikA 563 vArAha purANa 120, 125, vizAkhayUpa 328, vAlmIki 606, vazAkhAcArya 343, 346, 376, vASkala 566,603, 605, 380, vAsudevazaraNaagravAla 384, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 373, 374, 435 zrAdi, 360, 416, vikrama prabandha 262 486, 547, 623, 675, 676, bikrama samvat 261, 262, 337, vizvAmitra 14, 21, 31, 46, vikramAditya 476 564, 317, 318, 326, vicAra zroNi 284, 285, 264, viSNukumAra 336, 346, 486, 265, vizeSAvazyaka bhANya vRtti 418, vicArAmRtasaMgraha 701, 577 videha 28, 30, 32, 50, 186, viSNu purANa 120, 177, 165, 161, 163, 228, 230, 356 vidyAnupravAda 554, 631, . viSNu sahasranAma 172 vidhimArga prapA 703, vIranandi 477

Page #756
vIrasena 260, 283, 267,546, vrAtyaM 6, 26, 34, 110, 111, 554, 606, 615, 617, 623, 113 Adi, 644, 671, 672, 674, 677, zaMkarAcArya 54, 86, 144, vIrastava 712 147, 148, 156, 160, 208, vIryAnu pravAda 628, zakaTAla 358, 362 Adi, 365 vIseNTa smitha 483 zatapatha brAhmaNa 15, 16, 20, 26 vRSNidazA 663 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, vedavyAsa 13, 602, 606, 36, 48, 46, 50, 60, 66, vedAnta sUtra 144 vebara 2, 3, 31, 115, 520, 77, 78,84,87, 133, 161, 523, 524,558, 560,564, 176, 186, 163, 167, 168, 565, 566, 638, 646, 653, 204, 568, 603, 607, 654, 657, 660, 667, 686, zatAnIka bharatarAja 28, 187, 688, 686, 664, 666, 667, ,, kauzAmbI nareza 236, 656, 666, 701, zabara 21, 31, 32, vaidika iNDeksa 26, 134, zayaMbhava 340, 357, 486, 517, vaidika vAMmaya kA itihAsa 564 685, 704, vainayika aMgabAhya 581 zAkalya 568 vaizAlI 114, 186, 161, zANDilya 60, 685, 228, 226 zrAdi, 536, 662, zAntirAja e0 266 vaizramaNopapAta 563, zAntisUri 373, 503, 710, vyavahArasUtra 400, 545, 562, ziva purANa 177 564, 634, 665, 700, zivabhUti 388 vyAkhyA prajJapti 563, 625, zizunAga vaMza 316, 320, 321, 655 zrAdi, 322, 351, vyAghrabhUti 567, zIlAGka 227, 367, 411, 416,

Page #757
436, 463, 470, 471, 507, saMskRta nirvANa bhakti 226 635, 636, 637, 636, 644 saMstAraka 7111, zubiMga 701 saccaka nigaMTha putta 431, 448, zubhazIla 467 Ti0, zUrasena 50 satIzacandra kAlA 104 / zauripura 172 satIzacandra vidyA bhUSaNa 476, zyAmAcArya 517, satya keMtu vidyAlaMkAra 343 zyAmArya 685, 661, satya pravAda pUrva 626, 703 zravaNabela golA 344, 345, sandaka parivrAjaka 431 . 346, 351, 353, sandeha viSauSadhi 666 zrAvastI 220, 447, 660, sapta sindhava 10, 11, 13, 14, zvetaketa 67, 68,87, 564, samaya sundara gaNi 468, 510 zvetAzvatara upa0 34, 54, 58, samavAyAGga sUtra 272, 556, 100, 207, 208, 566, 560, 563, 650, 651, 653, zrutasAgara sUri 267, 678, 654, 664, 667, 666, 673, SaTa khaNDAgama 546, 553, samutthAna zruta 563 558, 611, 615, 616, 621 samudra 685, 621, 623, 672, samprati 344, 358, 356, 360 SaD guru ziSya 565 SaSThi taMtra 687, sambula jAtaka 188 saMgha dAsa vAcaka 701 sara jAna mArzala 104 saMjaya bela dviputta 217 sarasvatI gaccha paTTAvalI 288, saMbodha prakaraNa 424 261, saMbhUti vijaya 340, 357, 358, sarvArtha siddhi TIkA 608, 634, 486, 536, 540 Adi, 570, sahasrAnIka 656, 685 sAMkhyakArikA 210, 565, 567

Page #758
( 21 ) sAMkhyAyana zrauta sUtra 176 sUtra ( dRSTivAda kA bheda ) 584, sAtya muni 566, 600, . 625, 644, sAmaveda 35, 63, 564, 566, sUtra kRtAMga 164, 227, 401, 460, 461, 463, 478, 562, sAbhAmika 680 637, 638, 643, 653, 676, sAsA cArI zataka 468, 510 sUrya prazati 578, 580, 624, sAyaNa 11, 12, 52, 60, 61, 648, 662, 111, 118, sena prazna 530, senApati siMha 228 sAyaNa bhASya 18 siddha sena 476 sauvIra 236, 237 siddha sena gaNi 421, 588, skanda purANa 120, 173, 602, 563, 564, 565, 568, 566, skandila sUri 467, 500, 501, 600, 602, 605, 608, 502, 506, 506, 510,511, siddhArtha 346, 685, siMha 685, sthavira sthUla 376, 377 Adi suttanipAta 705 sthAnAGga sUtra 280, 386, 414, sudAsa 14, 15, 47 563, 575, 645, 650, 653, sudharmA 271, 274, 338, 336, 664, 667, 666, 673, 340, 341, 357, 517, 526 sthAnAMga vRtti 418, 651 Adi, 532, 534,636, 640, sthUla bhadra 340, 357 zrAdi,. 685, 661 376 Adi, 486, 516, 534, susunAga 341 536 zrAdi, 557, 570,685% susthita 661 sthUla bhadra caritra 467 Ti., suhastI 344, 357, 358, 360 spaiMsa hArDI 447, 361 366, 558, 685, (6

Page #759
( 22 ) svapna bhAvanA 563, 564, harSa vardhana samvat 333 Ti., . svapna vAsavadattA 322, 323 halla 65 svAti 685, 661 halAyudha 470, 471, svaidAyana 603, hArIta 565, sTivesana 484 hArnale 3, 286, 432-434, haragobindadAsa 268, 266, 270 455, 456, 456, 460, 463, hara datta zarmA 84 465, 467, 468, 470, 474, harappA 66, 100, 105, 106, hAvara DA0 111, 112, 116 107, 481,483 hindu sabhyatA 102 . hari bhadra sUri 384, 418, 424, himavanta 685, 467 Ti., 503, 506, 527, hiraNya garbha 23, 113, 118, 564, 565, 633, 664, 116, 120, 176, harivaMza purANa 165, 284, hema canda maladhArI 577, 676, 264, 313, 336 Ti. 674, hemacandrAcArya 285, 286, 677, 260, 264, 265, 312, 313, hariSeNa kathA koza 300, 351, 322, 326, 330, 332, 340, 353, 364, 366, 371, 376, 342, 357, 366, 370, 466, 382, 468 506, 506, 540, 566, harSa carita 436, 437, 438, hopa kinsa DA0 51, 136 475, ghunsAMga 107, 474, harSa vardhana 334 Ti.,

Page #760
grantha lekhanameM upayukta granthoM kI saMketa vivaraNa pUrvaka sUcI aMguttara anu0. aMtagaDa agnipu0 atharva0 anagAra0 TI0 anekAnta aMguttara nikAya bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa ___ sampAdita anuyogadvAra sUtra aAgamodaya samiti sUrata aMtagaDadasAyo gurjara grantharatna kAryAlaya ahamadAbAda agnipurANa AnandAzrama prasa pUnA atharvaveda saMskRta saMsthAna barelI anagAradharmAmRta TIkA mANikacanda jaina grantha mAlA bambaI (vArANasI) mAsika patra vIrasevA mandira dariyA ___ gaMja dehalI abhidhAnacintAmaNi TIkA abhidhAna ratnamAlA motIlAla banArasIdAsa vArANasI abhidhAna rAjendra arlI hisTrI Apha dI vaiSNava sekTas hemacandrarAya caudharI DA0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI abhi0 ci0 TI0 abhi0 ra0 abhi0 rA0 arlI hi0 vaiSNa azoka

Page #761
prA0 nA0 AuTa ri0 li0 iM0 ri0 li0 i0 Aksa 0 hi0 i0 cAra dinakara zrAcA0 ni0 zrAcA0 zI0 TI0 zrAcA0 sU0 zrA0 cU0 zrA0 ni0 zrApa0 pari0 Apastamba dharmasUtra A0 pu0 zrAya0 guja0 O zrAva0 TI0 malaya 0 zrAzvalAyana gRhya sUtra Jain Educationa International ( 24 ) AryoM kA zrAdideza DA0 sampUrNAnanda vArANasI ena zrAuTa lAina grApha dI rilIjasa liT recara zrApha i0 AksaphorDa hisTrI Apha susar cArAMga niyukti zIlAMkIkA sahita zrAcArAMga sUtra zIlAMka TIkA AcArAMga sUtra zrAvazyaka cUrNi zrAvazyaka niyukti pastamba paribhASA zrAdi purANa kyoMlaoNjI grApha gujarAta zrAvazyaka TIkA malaya giri J. N. FARGU HAR zrAmodaya samiti Ta grAmodaya samiti bambaI grAmodaya samiti sUrata RSabha deva kezarImala ratalAma zrAmodaya samiti sUrata bambaI saMskRta sirIja bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI eca0 DI0 saMkaliyA jIvanacanda sAkaracanda verI bAjAra ba jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara kalakattA For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #762
( 25 ) zrAnandAzrama presa pUnA azvalAyana zrota sUtra i0 i0 ri0 // insAi0 i0 ri0 prathama saMskaraNa insAiklopiDiyA ithiksa eNDa rilIjana iNDiyana eNTIkverI iNyina thIjma maikanikala inDi0 eNTi0 / i0 thIjma iNDiyana kalcara i0 pA0 iNDiyA aija nona Tu DA. vAsudeva zaraNa pANini agravAla iNDiyana philosaoNphI DA0 rAdhAkRSNan iNDo Aryana resesa rA0 ba0 rAmaprasAda candA i0 zrA0 re0 i0 se0 0 IzAvA0 u0 utta0 / uttarA0 / u0 pu0 / uttara pu0 / upadeza pada vRtti iNDiyana saikTa zrApha dI buhalara - jainAs IzAvAsyopaniSad upaniSadAGka gItApresa gorakhapura uttarAdhyayana sUtra seTha kSebhacandra puSpacandra nemicandra racita vRtti valAda sahita nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI uttara purANa . bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI muni candra racita mukti kamala jaina mohana mAlA bar3audA AnandAzrama mudraNAlaya pUnA hitacintaka presa banArasa Rgveda Rgveda bhUmikA 1633

Page #763
( 26 ) RSimaNDala padma sundara racita bRci sahita etare0 zrA0 sA0 bhA0 etareya AraNyaka sAyaNa anandAzrama mudraNAlaya bhASya pUnA eta0 brA0 etareya brAhmaNa aAnandAzrama mudraNAlaya pUnA ezi0 i0 eziyaMnTa iNDiyA , rA0 ba0 kRSNa svAmI prAyaMgara ezi0 i0 eziyanTa iNDiyA pAra0 sI0 majUmadAra zraupa0 sU0 aupapAtika sUtra paM0 bhUrAmala ahamadA _ vAda prakAzita porana lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka kaTha0 u0 kaTha upaniSad gItApresa gorakhapura ka0 pA0 kasAya pAhuDa jaina saMgha mathurA karmakANDa karmakANDa gombhaTasAra rAyacanda zAstramAlA pragAsa ka0 va0 bhA0 kalakTeDa varksa Apha DA0 pAra0 jI0 bhaNDArakara pUnA ka0 sU0 / kalpa sUtra subodhinI TIkA kalpa sU0 sahita kA0 vR0 kAzikA vRtti kirAtArjunIya mallinAthIya TIkA sahita nirNayasAgara presa bambaI kumAra saMbhava nirNayasAgara presa bambaI kUrma pu0 kUrma purANa manasukhalAla mora kalakattA

Page #764
kai. hi0 kauSItakI brAhmaNa garuDa pu0 gI. kaimbrija hisTrI aApha iNDiyA kaimbrija 1635 upaniSadAMka gItA presa gorakhapura garuDa purANa bhagavadgItA gItA rahasya lokamAnya bAla gaMgAdhara tilakakRta chaThA saMskaraNa gommaTasAra karmakANDa rAyacanda zAstra mAlA agAsa gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gI0ra0 go0 ka0 go0 jI0 gopatha brAhmaNa gautama dharmasUtra gli0 po0 hi0 zrAnandAzrama presa pUnA glimpsesa zrApha poliTikala hisTrI chAndagyopaniSad chA0 u0 ratilAla mehatA upaniSadAMka gItA presa gorakhapura ja0 Di0 le ja0 dha0 jarnala oNpha DipArTa meNTa zrApha leTarsa jayadhavalA-kasAya pAhuDa TIkA jambudvIpa paNNati bhA0 jaina saMgha mathurA jIvarAja granthamAlA zolApura ja0pa0

Page #765
ja0 rA0 e0 so0 ja0 vi0 u0ri0 so0 jai0 nA0 i0 jai0 zi0 saM0 jai0 sA0 i0 jai0 sA0 i0 gu0 jai0. si0 bhA0 jai0 sA0 vi0 jai0 sA0 sa0 jai0 hi0 jyoti0 TI0 jyotirvidAbharaNa tatvArtha 0 ta0 bhA0 Ti ti0 pa0 tri0 pa0 ti0 pa0 tai0 } 0 prA0 Jain Educationa International ( 28 ) jarnala Apha rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI jarnalApha vihAra ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI paTanA jainijma ina nArdarna susar jaina zilA lekha saMgraha jaina sAhitya ra itihAsa jaina sAhityano itihAsa gujarAtI jaina siddhAnta bhAskara jaina sAhitya meM vikAra jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka jaina hitaiSI jyotiSkaraNDa TIkA tatvArtha vArtika tatvArtha bhASyaTIkA tiloya paNyatti titthA gAlI pannA taittirIyAraNyaka cimmana lAla zAha mANikacanda granthamAlA zrInAthUrAma premI bambaI jaina zve0 kAnphra bambaI jaina siddhAnta bhavana cArA paM0 vecaradAsa dozI pUnA se prakAzita hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI ratalAma saMskANa For Personal and Private Use Only bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI devacandalAla bhAI granthamAlA jIvarAja granthamAlA zolApura zrAnandAzrama mudraNA laya pUnA

Page #766
( 26 ) taittirIya upaniSad tai0 u0 ) taitti0 u. taitti0 brA0 taittirIya brAhmaNa upaniSadAMka gItApresa gorakhapura aAnandAzrama mudraNAlaya pUnA tai0 saM tri0 sA0 taittirIya saMhitA trilokasAra da0 sA0 darzana sAra dazabhakti dazabha0 digghanikAya mANikacanda grantha. mAlA bhA0 jJAnapITha vArANasI) jainagrantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI solApura saMskaraNa mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha kAzI seTha zitAvarAya lakSmIcanda bhelasA ( vidizA) Agamodaya samiti dhavalA SaT khaNDAgama ke antargata nandisUtra nandi0 nandi cUrNi nandi TI0 na0 paTTA0 nandiTIkA nandisaMgha padAvalI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA aAgamodaya samiti jaina siddhAnta bhAskara meM prakAzita nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA vArANasI gurjara grantharatna kAryAlaya ahamadAvAda nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI nirayA0 nirayAvaliyAao nirukta naiSadha kAvya

Page #767
( 30 ) paumacariu paJcavastuka pauma0 paJcatra vimala gaNi racita jIvanacanda zAkara canda . javerI bambaI paJca brA0 paJcA0 viva0 paJcaviMzati brAhmaNa paJcAzaka vivaraNa nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI se mudrita vIramagAMva (gujarAta) hemacandrAcArya praNIta paTTAvalI samuccaya pariziSTa parva paTTA0 samu0 pari0 pa0 / pa0 pa0 / pA0 cA0 pArzvanAthakA cAturyAma hindI grantha ratnAkara bambaI pA0 bhA. pA0 mahA0 pA0 sa0 ma0 pANinikAlIna bhArata motIlAla banArasI dAsa kAzI pAtaJjala mahAbhASya nirNayasAgara presa bambaI pAiasaddamaharANava paM0 haragovinda dAsa kalakattA pAlI TIkA paramattha jotikA pIpa ina Tu arlI hisTrI bhANDArakara lekha saMgraha pUnA, ji0 1 po. hi0 eM0 i0 rAya caudharI prajJA0 poliTikala hisTrI zrApha eMziyanTa iMDiyA prajJApanA ( malayagiriTIkA sahita ) pravacana sAroddhAra prava0 sAro zrInemicandrAcArya racita

Page #768
praznopaniSad upaniSadAMka gItA presa gorakhapura prA0 bhA0 saM0 i0 sva. ramezacandradatta prI0 bu0 i0 phi0 prAcIna bhArata kI sabhyatA kA itihAsa hisTrI zrApha prI buddhi-sTika iMDiyana philaoNsophI prI hisTorika eziyanTa eNDa hindU iNDiyA DA0 baruzrA prIhi0 30 DA0 rAkhaladAsa banarjI premI abhinandana grantha pro0 rA. e. so. baM. prosIDiMgs rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI zrApha baMgAla buddhisTa iNDiyA buddhacaryA bodhapAhuDa bu030 bu0 ca0 bodhapA0 baudhAyana dharma sUtra re DeviDsa / rAhula sAMkRtyAyana . SaT prAbhRtAdi saMgrahAntargata mA0 grantha mA0 caukhambA saMskRta sirIja vArANasI prAcArya narendradeva manasukhalAla mora zolApura saMskaraNa zrI jaina bhAskarodaya presa jAmanagara bau0 dha0 da. brahmANDapu0 bha0 prA0 bha0 sU0 abhayaTI0 bauddhadharma aura darzana brahmANDa purANa bhagavatI aArAdhanA bhagavatI sUtra abhayadeva TIkA sahita

Page #769
( 32 ) bhadrabAhu caritra jaina bhAratI bhavana paM0 udayalAla kRta anuvAda banArasa bharatezvara bAhubali vRtti bhA0 anu0 bhAratIya anuzIlana hindI sAhitya sammelana prayAga bhA0 zrA hi0 bhA0 iM0 patrikA bhA0 i0 rU0 bhA0 pu0 bhA0 prA0 bhAratIya AryabhASA aura DA0 sunItikumAra caTarjI hindI annalsa Apha dI bhaNDAraphara risarca insTITyUTa pUnA bhAratIya itihAsa kI jayacanda vidyAlaGkAra rUparekhA ( pra0 saM0 ) zrI madbhAgavata purANa nirNayasAgara presa bambaI bhAva prAbhRta (SaTprAbhU- mA0 jaina granthamAlA tAdi saMgraha) bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza hindI grantharatnAkara bambaI bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI bhAva saMgraha mANikacanda granthamAlA bhAratIya saMskRti aura hindI grantharatnAkara bambaI ahiMsA majbhimanikAya mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha manusmRti caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja vArANasI bhA0 prA0 rA0 bhAratIya vidyA mAva saM0 bhA0 saM0 a0 ma0ni0 manu0 mahAnArAyaNa upaniSad

Page #770
( 33 ) bhikSu dharma rakSita saMpAdita mahAparinivvANa sutta mahAvaMza mArkaNDeya purANa mADarna rivyu muNDa0 u0 mUlA0 mai0 saM0 maitrAyaNI upaniSad manasukhalAla mora kala. pravAsI presa kalakattA muNDakopaniSad gItA presa gorakhapura mUlAcAra mANikacanda granthamAlA maitrAyaNI saMhitA svAdhyAya maNDala khetAna upaniSadAMka gItA prasa gorakhapura moheMjodar3o tathA sindhu nAgarI pracAraNI sabhA sabhyatA maurya sAmrAjya kA DA. satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra itihAsa mo0 sA0 ___ kAzI mau0 sA0 i0 yoga zAstra vRtti hemacandrAcArya yajurveda yoga yoga darzana ratna0 zrA0 rAja0 iti0 ri0 i. ri0 i0 ri0 phi0 ve. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra mANikacanda granthamAlA rAjasthAna kA itihAsa hIrAcanda gaurIzaMkara aojhA rilIjana zrApha iNDiyA pro0 hApakinsa rilIjana zrApha iNDiyA e0 bArtha rilIjana eNDa philaoN- e0 bI0 kItha sophI Apha dI veda laghujAtaka mAsTara khilAr3I lAla banArasa la0 jA0

Page #771
liGga purANa lo0 pra0 lokaprakAza manasukhalAla mora jIvanacanda sAkaracanda javerI bambaI manasukhalAla mora kalakattA vAyu purANa vArAha purANa vinaya pi0 vinaya piTaka mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha kAzI viyanA oriyanTala jarnala vi0 pra0 vidhi mArga prathA muni jina vijaya sampAdita vi0 zre0 bicAra zreNi vicAra zre0 vize0 bhA0 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya yazo vijaya grantha mAlA vi0 bhA0 kAzI viSNu pu0 viSNu purANa gItApresa gorakhapura vI0ni0 sa0 jai0 kA0 vIra nirmANa sambata aura muni kalyANa vijaya jaina kAla gaNanA vR0 ka0 ko hariSeNa kRta vRhatkathAkoza sindhi sirIja bhAratIya hari0 ka0 ko0 vidyA bhavana bambaI vR0 jA0 bRhajjAtaka veGkaTezvara presa bambaI vR0 saM0 bRhatsaMhitA subramhaNya zAstrI veMgalora bRha0 upa0 bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad upaniSadAMka gItA presa gorakhapura

Page #772
( 35 ) vedAnta sUtra vai0 i0 vai0 e0 vaidika eja vai0 vA0 i0 vai0 sA0 vya0 sU0 zata0 brA0 zai0 vai0 zra0 bha0 ma0 vaidika inDeksa motIlAla banArasIdAsa kAzI bhAratIya itihAsa samiti vaidika vAGgaya kA itihAsa bhagavadatta lAhaura vaidika sAhitya bharatIya jJAnapITha kAzI vyavahAra sUtra ahamadAbAda saMskaraNa zatapatha brAhmaNa zaivijma vaiSNavijma eNDa DA0 bhaNDArakara mAinara rilIjasa sisTama zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra muni kalyANa vijaya likhita zvetAzvatara upaniSad gItA presa gorakhapura SaTa vaNDAgama seTha sitAbarAya lakhamI canda bhelasA SaT prAbhRta TIkA mANika canda jaina graMtha mAlA kAzI saTIkA catvAri karmagranthAH aAtmAnanda jaina graMtha mAlA bhAvanagara samavAyAMga sUtra zrAgamodaya samiti bambaI sAgAra dharmAbhRta mANika canda graMthamAlA zve0 u0 SaT khaM0 ghaTa prA0 TI0 sa0 ca0 ka. sama0 sU0) sama vAM sAgAra0 kAzI sAmAcArI zataka

Page #773
si0 kau0 sUtra sUtra0 ni0 sUtra0 zI0 TI0 sahita sUtra prA0 se* bu0 i0 sena0 skanda purANa sTa0 0 siddhAMta kaumudI sUtrakRtAGga sUtrakRtAGga niyukti sUtrakRtAGga zIlAGga TIkA jaina jJAnodaya sosAyaTI rAjakoTa sUtra prAbhRta (SaT prAbhRtA mA0 gra0 kAzI disaMgrahAntargata ) sekreDa buksa zrApha dI IsTa sena prazna manasukha lAla mora kalakattA sTaDIja ina jainijma DA0 harmana jekovI kA lekha saMgraha sthAnAGga sUtra zIlAGka ahamadAbAda se TIkA sahita prakAzita hariTeja Apha iMDiyA DA0 kItha dI sAMkhya sisTama harSacarita eka adhyayana vihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad paTanA harivaMza purANa mANika canda grantha mAlA kAzI hArTa zrApha jainijma miseja sTivensana likhita hisTrI zrApha iMDiyana DA0 dAsaguptA likhita philAsophI sthA0 ha0 i0 sA0 ha0 ca0 hi0 i0 phi0

Page #774
( 37 ) hi0 i0 li0 (vinTara0) hisTrI zrApha iMDiyana DA0 viMTara nITsa likhita liTarecara hi. dha0 hisTrI oNpha dharmazAstrAj pI0 vI0 kANe hi0 dha0 sa0 hindU dharma samIkSA hindI graMtha ratnAkara vambaI hi0 prI0 i0 vAlisa hi0 prI0 i0 phi0 hisTrI zrApha prI buddhi- DA0 varupA sTika iMDiyana philA sophI hi0 phi0 I0 ve0 hisTrI zrApha philAsophI DA0 rAdhAkRSNan IsTarna eNDa vaisTarna hi0 brA0 ese0 hisTrI zrApha brAhmaNikala pUnA oriyanTala sirIja esesTikasijma naM. 64, 1636 hi0 sa0 hindU sabhyatA DA0 rAdhA kumuda mukarjI likhita hisTrI zrApha inDiyana DA0 satIzacanda vidyAlA~jika bhUSaNa he0 TI0 hetuvindu TIkA gAyakavAr3a aoriyanTala sirIja bar3audA

Page #775
zuddhi-patra haas samabhate aAyI vikAsaka RSiyo uccAraNa paDhatA par3atA razAla abdhayu Avazyako DIhi0 prajApati zatruoM nAka samajhate Arya vikAsake RSiyoM uccAraNa par3atA par3hatA mazAla adhvaryu zrAvazyaka prIhi prajApati amRta aura hiM0 ri0 I0 ve punarjanma sabako prAcArya amata chaura hi0 ri0 I0 ve0 punajanma sabakA acArya

Page #776
( 36 ) bAhiye mAnthenaH niSmIlita brAyaNa ja0 e0 zrAzradAtA 111 112 114 purameM cAhiye manthinaH nimIlita brAhmaNa ja0 rA0 AzrayadAtA purANameM nizcita akIrtikara zreyaskara mahAvIraH deva...mAyAmoha saMhitA 125 147 172 nizcata zrAkIrtikara zroyaskara nahAvIraH hadeva mAyAmo hisaMtA rapracA pU phUrva meM lI yAkSabalkya puruSoM kI 177 pracAra 182 187 pUrva meM phalI yAjJavalkya purANoM kI parIkSita pramukha parokSata 160 prabhutva 162 162 164 164 pArzvanAtha 2 ti0 pa0 pahale ( Maller ) prAktatattva aAtmaviSavaka pArzvanAtha 1 ti0 pa0 pahale (Mallep) Atmatattva zrAtmaviSayaka 206 206 210 211 .

Page #777
cekaTa 243 257 267 jinhone zre0 zrari uyoddhAta samavasaka nanI parSoM ( 40 ) ceTaka jinhoMne zve0 sUri upoddhAta samavayaska nahIM varSoM samvat Apatti janaka upacarita citta pramukha padma sundara sthApita bRhatkalpa zru takevalI tandula vaicArika WW. 0G GK FI samsat 347 Apattijadaka upabarita ttica pranukha padma mundira sthApita kalpasUtra zru takavalI tandula vaikAlika 467 516 527 552 676

Page #778
pasADhavaNa DISPsAla TAITRIm jina granthamAlA-kAzI in one perna e al P ersonal Private Use On Vawwjainelibrary.org: