Bauddh Pramana Mimansa ki Jain Drushti se Samiksha

Author(s): Dharmchand Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002113/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyApIla gaNamAlA 1 pradhAna sampAdaka 0 sAgaramala jaina -: bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA lakhaka DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5 DARSVANATHA VIDYAPITHA YARANAS www.jainelibreleon

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA-81 sampAdaka : pro0 sAgaramala jaina bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA lekhaka : DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina prakAzaka: pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI-5

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA- 81 pustaka prakAzaka dUrabhASa phaiksa prathama saMskaraNa mUlya Book Publisher Phone Fax Parsvanatha Vidyapitha Granthamala 81 Price : bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI po0- bI0 eca0 yU0 vArANasI - 221005 Printed at : 311462 : 0542-311462 : 1995 : 200.00 rupaye : Bauddha Pramana Mimansa Ki Jaina Drsti Se Samiksa First Edition : 1995 : Prasvanatha Vidyapitha I.T. I. Road, Karaundi, P.O. B.H.U. Varanasi-221 005 : 311462 : 05412-311462 : Rs.200.00 : Vardhaman Mudranalaya Jawahar Nagar, Bhelupur, Varanasi-10

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divaGgata zraddheya guruvarya AcArya rAmacandra dvivedI sAdara samarpita

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AzIrvacana DaoN.dharmacanda jaina kA bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA' nibandha,jaina AcAryoM dvArA bauddha darzana kI pramANa-carcA kI jo parIkSA kI gaI hai use hI AdhAra banAkara likhA gayA hai| hindI meM yaha prathama prayatna hai aura kahanA hogA ki prayatna saphala hai| ____ AcArya akalaGka ke dvArA kiye gaye prArambha ko AcArya vidyAnda ,prabhAcandra ,abhayadeva, vAdidevasUri Adi ne vistAra diyA / DaoN.jaina ne ina sabhI AcAryoM dvArA kI gaI parIkSA ko isa grantha meM prastuta kiyA hai| kahanA hogA ki mUla granthoM ke hI adhyayana dvArA kiyA gayA yaha prayatna saphala hai| pUrvAcAryoM ne saMskRta meM jo likhA hai usakA sArAMza prastuta nibandha meM uttama rIti se prApta hotA hai, isake lie DaoN.jaina abhinandanIya haiN| isa grantha ke adhyayana se pAThaka ko jaina aura bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI samagra carcA avagata hogI, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / mUla saMskRta ke granthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA jaba zithila ho rahI hai taba aise uttama grantha vizeSa upayogI siddha hoMge, aisA merA vizvAsa hai| paNDita dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ahamadAbAda 11 mArca 1995

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prakAzakIya bhAratIya darzanoM meM jaina aura bauddha donoM meM hI zramaNa-paramparA ke darzana haiN| kintu jahA~ taka ina donoM ke dArzanika mantavyoM kA prazna hai donoM meM paryApta matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA ke vikAsa ke pazcAt hI jaina tArkikoM ne pramANa ke kSetra meM praveza kiyaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki jaina tArkikoM ko bauddha pramANazAstra kI avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA ke lie paryApta avasara milaa| jaina pramANazAstra ke granthoM meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM bauddha avadhAraNAoM kA jo prastutIkaraNa huA vaha isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki jaina AcArya prAcIna kAla se hI bauddha pramANazAstrIya avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA karate rahe haiN| DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina ne isI AdhAra ko lekara 'bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA' nAmaka eka zodha-prabandha likhA thA aura jisa para unheM jayapura vizvavidyAlaya se pI-eca. DI. kI upAdhi bhI prApta huI thii| prastuta grantha usI zodha-prabandha kA saMzodhita evaM parimArjita svarUpa hai| yadyapi darzana eka durUha viSaya hai hI aura usameM bhI pramANazAstra to atyanta durUha viSaya mAnA jAtA hai| DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina ne isa durUha viSaya para kArya karake apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| yadyapi aise viSayoM ke pAThaka atyanta alpa hote haiM phira bhI jainavidyA ke kSetra meM aise avadAnoM kA prakAzana to Avazyaka hai hii| yahI samajhakara hamane isake prakAzana ke dAyitva kA nirvAha kiyA hai| kRti kaisI bana par3I hai, yaha mUlyAMkana to vidvAnoM kA kArya hai| AzA hai unake mantavya hamAre lie mArgadarzaka hoNge| DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina jainavidyA ke eka udIyamAna vidvAna haiN| unhoMne na kevala prastuta grantha ko prakAzanArtha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ko diyA, apitu kampyUTara para isakI kampojiMga karavAne evaM prUpha-saMzodhana kA dAyitva svayaM hI vahana kiyaa| etadartha hama DaoN0 jaina ke atyanta AbhArI haiN| grantha ke prakAzana aura mudraNa sambandhI vyavasthAoM ke lie vidyApITha ke nidezaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina evaM DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya ke prati hama vizeSa rUpa se AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| mudraNa ke lie vardhamAna mudraNAlaya, vArANasI dhanyavAda kA pAtra hai| bhUpendra nAtha jaina mantrI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vaaraannsii|

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prAkkathana prastuta grantha "bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA' rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura se 1989 I.meM pI-eca.DI.upAdhi ke lie svIkRta bauddha pramANavAda kA jaina dRSTi se parIkSaNa' viSayaka zodha-prabandha kA saMzodhita rUpa hai / isa grantha meM bauddha evaM jaina pramANa-zAstra ko saMkSepa meM prastuta karate hue jaina dArzanikoM ke dvArA kI gaI bauddha mata kI AlocanA kA samIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya dharma-darzana kA jaba vaidika evaM zramaNa dhArAoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai to jaina evaM bauddha darzana zramaNadhArA meM pramukhatA se ubharakara Ate haiN| zramaNa' zabda ina dharma-darzanoM kI AcAra-paramparA meM rahI huI samatA kI ora saMketa karatA hai |aacaar-miimaaNsaa evaM saMskRti kI dRSTi se samAnatA hone para bhI ina darzanoM kI tattvamImAMsA evaM pramANamImAMsA meM paryApta matabheda haiM |prmaannmiimaaNsaa-vissyk matabheda kA AdhAra prAyaH tattvamImAMsAgata bheda hI rahA hai |bauddh tattvamImAMsA kSaNikavAda athavA vijJAnavAda para TikI huI hai to jaina tattvamImAMsA nityAnityavAda para Tikane ke sAtha sva kI bhAMti bAhyArtha ko bhI sat svIkAra karatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA jahAM jaTila evaM tArkika pratIta hotI hai vahAM jaina pramANa-mImAMsA saMvyavahAra ke lie upayogI siddha hotI hai| . bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kA vyavasthita prArambha pAMcavI zatI meM diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya se huaa| bauddha-nyAya ke pitA AcArya diGnAga ke anantara hI nyAya,mImAMsA evaM jaina darzanoM meM pRthak pramANa-zAstrIya granthoM ke nirmANa ko dizA milii| unake pUrva bhAratIya darzana meM nyAyasUtra,carakasaMhitA,upAyahRdaya ,anuyogadvAra sUtra Adi granthoM meM pramANa-nirUpaNa avazya milatA hai, kintu svatantra rUpa se kisI bhI darzana meM pramANa-zAstrIya granthoM kA nirmANa prArambha nahIM huA thaa| bauddhadarzana meM zUnyavAdI nAgArjuna ne jahAM pramANa kA nirasana kiyA hai vahAM diGnAga ne pratyakSa evaM anumAna ke rUpa meM do pramANa evaM svalakSaNaM aura sAmAnyalakSaNa ke rUpa meM do prameya svIkAra kara pramANamImAMsA kA vyavasthita DhAMcA khar3A kiyaa| diGnAga dvArA pravartita bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA ko dharmakIrti, dharmottara, arcaTa, prajJAkara gupta, zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi AcAryoM ne vikasita evaM suvyavasthita kiyaa| jaina darzana meM pramANa-zAstra kI prathama racanA siddhasena (pAMcavI-chaThI zatI) kA nyAyAvatAra hai|is dRSTi se siddhasena ko jainanyAya kA pitA kahA jA sakatA hai / battIsa kArikA parimita nyAyAvatAra meM siddhasena ne pramANa kA vyavasthita pratipAdana kiyA hai; kintu AThavIM zatI meM bhaTTa akalaGka ne jaina nyAya ko adhika vyavasthita evaM vyApaka svarUpa pradAna kiyA |unhoNne smRti,pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka ko bhI pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA / isalie akalaGka hI jaina nyAya ke pratiSThApaka AcArya mAne jAte haiM |unke pUrvavartI sumati, pAtrasvAmI Adi anya prasiddha dArzanikoM kI racanAeM samprati anupalabdha haiM / bhaTTa akalaGka ke anantara vidyAnanda,

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA anantavIrya, mANikyanandI, vAdirAja,abhayadevasUri,prabhAcandra,vAdideva sUri, hemacandra Adi aneka jaina dArzanikoM ne jaina pramANamImAMsA ko tArkika dRSTi se puSTa evaM samRddha kiyaa| ___bauddhoM kA tArkika saMgharSa jitanA nyAya evaM mImAMsA darzanoM ke sAtha rahA,utanA jaina darzana ke sAtha nahIM / dharmakIrti,zAntarakSita,arcaTa Adi ke graMthoM meM jainoM ke anekAntavAda,hetulakSaNa, bahirarthavAda Adi kA khaNDana avazya huA hai,kintu 8 vIM se 11 vIM zatI ke jaina dArzanika graMtha bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA ke khaNDana se bhare par3e haiN| bArahavIM zatI meM bhArata se bauddha AcAryoM kI paramparA vilupta ho gayI , phalataH uttaravartI jaina pramANa-graMthoM meM bauddhoM ke khaNDanArtha prAyaH prAcIna takoM kA hI piSTapeSaNa kiyA gayA, isalie isa grantha meM cauthI-pAMcavI zatI se lekara gyAharavIM-bArahavIM zatI ke pramukha jaina dArzanika-graMthoM ko hI AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| ___ samprati bauddha evaM jaina darzana kA adhyayana antarrASTrIya stara para ruci kA viSaya banA huA hai / bauddha darzana kA prabhAva usake samakAlIna vibhinna darzanoM para huA ataH usakA dArzanika pariprekSya meM vizeSa mahattva hai / bIsavIM zatI meM bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kA adhyayana karane vAle vidvAnoM meM zcerabAtskI,sAtakar3i mukarjI,jI.TucI ,jI.sI.pANDe,TI.Ara.vI. mUrti,DI.ena. zAstrI,masAkI hataur3I Adi pramukha haiM / jaina pramANamImAMsA ke adhyetA vidvAnoM meM pramukha haiM-paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, DaoN. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, DaoN. darabArI lAla koThiyA, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI Adi |kintu jaina graMthoM ko AdhAra banAkara bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kA vistRta khaNDana abhI taka prastuta nahIM huA hai / nagIna je. zAha ne mAtra akalaGka ke graMthoM se dharmakIrti ke darzana kA tattvamImAMsIya evaM pramANamImAMsIya khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta kRti meM akalaGka ke atirikta mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, vidyAnanda, abhayadevasari,prabhAcandra,vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandra ke graMthoM se sampUrNa bauddha pramANamImAMsA kA anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai, jisase jaina-bauddha-paramparA ke pramANamImAMsIya vikAsa kA sampUrNa citra to sAmane AtA hI hai ,kintu jaina dArzanikoM ke prauDha adhyayana evaM tArkika kauzala kA bhI bhAna hotA hai / isake atirikta jaina pramANamImAMsA para bauddha dArzanika prabhAva bhI spaSTa hotA hai |jain dArzanikoM kI yaha ullekhanIya vizeSatA rahI ki ve jainetara siddhAntoM ko pUrvapakSa meM unake mUlagranthoM se bhI adhika spaSTa rIti se niSpakSatA ke sAtha prastuta karate haiM / bauddhapakSa ko prastuta karate hue bhI unhoMne apanI isa vizeSatA ko surakSita rakhA hai| samIkSya-bindu yaha grantha chaha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / samasta adhyAyoM meM jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kiye gaye khaNDana ke pUrva bauddha evaM jaina pramANa-mantavyoM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai tathA khaNDana ke anantara unakA samAhAra yA samIkSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| jahAM taka saMbhava huA hai jaina dArzanikoM ke

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prAkkathana kAla-krama ko dhyAna meM rakhA gayA hai| dvitIya,tRtIya evaM caturtha adhyAya ke khaNDana se sambaddha saMskRta mUla graMthoM ke una aMzoM ko pariziSTa meM diyA gayA hai jo prAyaH durlabha haiN| ___prAmANyavAda,sAdhya,vyApti,hetvAbhAsa,dRSTAnta ,dRSTAntAbhAsa Adi kucha viSayoM para jaina evaM bauddha dArzanikoM meM vizeSa matabheda nahIM rahA / pramukhataH jina viSayoM para matabheda yA virodha rahA hai unheM saMkSepataH isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai| 1.bauddha dArzanika jahAM pramANavyavasthAvAdI haiM vahAM jaina dArzanika pramANasaMplavavAdI haiM / bauddha darzana meM svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa nAmaka do prameyoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak pramANoM (pratyakSa evaM anumAna) kI kalpanA kI gayI hai jabaki jainadarzana meM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka eka hI prameya ko vibhinna pramANoM kA viSaya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / eka pramANa ke dvArA jAne gae prameya ko jainadarzana ke anusAra anya pramANoM se bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai / 2.pramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA donoM ko mAnya hai,kintu usake abhiprAya meM bheda hai / bauddhadarzana meM avisaMvAdakatA kA artha hai -arthakriyA sthiti,avaJcakatA,arthaprApakatA yA arthapradarzakatA, kintu jainadarzana meM pramANAntaroM se abAdhita evaM pUrvApara virodha se rAhitya ko avisaMvAdakatA mAnakara use nizcayAtmakatA ke adhIna aGgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 3. pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka svIkAra karane meM donoM darzana ekamata haiM, kintu bauddhadarzana meM pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka mAnA gayA hai,jabaki jainadArzanikoM ne use vizada evaM vyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai / savikalpakatAM kI siddhi meM unhoMne aneka hetu die haiN| jaina dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki nizcayAtmaka jJAna hI hAna,upAdAna evaM upekSA rUpa vyavahAra ke lie upayogI hotA hai aura vaha nizcayAtmaka hone ke kAraNa savikalpaka hI hotA hai| nirvikalpaka hone ke kAraNa jainoM ne apane yahAM mAnya 'darzana' ko bhI pramANakoTi se bahirbhUta rakhA hai| 4.kalpanA ke svarUpa ko lekara donoM meM gahana vicAra haA hai| zabdayojanA ko kalpanA mAnane parato jaina dArzanika bhI pratyakSa ko usase rahita pratipAdita karate haiM,kintu abhilApasaMsargayogya pratibhAsa pratIti ko kalpanA kahane para jaina dArzanika pratyakSa ko usase rahita nahIM maante| 5. bauddha darzana meM mAnya mAnasa-pratyakSa evaM svasaMvedana-pratyakSa bheda jainoM ko mAnya nahIM haiN| indriya-pratyakSa ko bhI ve sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa kI hI zreNi meM rakhate haiN| atIndriya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM bauddhoM ke yahAM mAtra yogipratyakSa kI carcA hai,vahAM jaina AgamoM meM isake avadhijJAna,manaH paryAya evaM kevalajJAna bheda pratipAdita haiM / ye tInoM bheda jaina darzana meM mukhya pratyakSa athavA pAramArthika pratyakSa kahe gae haiN|

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 6. bauddha dArzanika anumAna pramANa ko bhrAnta mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina dArzanika use pratyakSa kI bhAMti hI abhrAnta evaM samyak mAnate haiM / iv 7. anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArthabhedoM kA sarvaprathama praNayana bauddhoM ne kiyA thA, jinheM anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI bhAMti jainoM ne bhI apanAyA hai| siddhasena, zAntisUri evaM vAdidevasUri ne to anumAna kI bhAMti pratyakSa ke bhI svArtha evaM parArtha prakAra batalAye haiM / 8. hetu-lakSaNa ko lekara donoM paramparAoM meM gaharA matabheda hai| bauddhadArzanika jahAM hetu meM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva rUpa trairUpya kA honA anivArya mAnate haiM vahAM jaina dArzanika vipakSAsattva rUpa sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva athavA anyathAnupapattitva ko hI hetu kA ekamAtra lakSaNa mAnate haiM / 9. bauddhoM ne svabhAva, kArya evaM anupalabdhi nAmaka tIna hetu aGgIkAra kie haiM, jabaki jainoM ne kAraNa pUrvacara, uttaracara evaM sahacara hetuoM ko bhI saMvyavahAra ke lie upayogI samajhakara balapUrvaka sthApita kiyA hai| anupalabdhi hetu ko bauddha dArzanika niSedhasAdhaka mAnate haiM vahAM jainoM ne use vidhi evaM niSedha donoM kA sAdhaka mAnA hai / 10. bauddha jahAM svabhAva evaM anupalabdhi hetuoM meM tAdAtmya dvArA evaM kAryahetu meM tadutpatti dvArA avinAbhAva mAnate haiM vahAM jaina dArzanika isakA khaNDana karate haiN| I 11. parArthAnumAna meM jainadArzanika pakSavacana arthAt pratijJA ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM jabaki bauddha dArzanika ise anAvazyaka mAnate haiN| ve hetu meM pakSadharmatva ko anivArya mAnate haiM jabaki jainadArzanika isake binA bhI hetu ko saddhetu mAna lete haiM / 12. dRSTAnta ko parArthAnumAna kA pRthak avayava nahIM mAnane ke sambandha meM donoM paramparAeM sahamata haiM kintu, bauddhoM ne sapakSasattva ke rUpa meM usakA hetulakSaNa meM grahaNa kara liyA hai| 13. anya bhAratIya darzanoM kI bhAMti bauddha jahAM smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka ko apramANa mAnate haiM vahAM jaina dArzanikoM ne unheM yuktipurassara pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiyA hai| bhAratIya nyAya ko yaha jainoM kA anUThA yogadAna hai| 14. bauddhoM ne Agama yA zabda ko pRthak rUpa se pramANa na mAnakara apoha siddhAnta ke anusAra usakA anumAna pramANa meM antarbhAva kiyA hai jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ne zabda yA Agama kA pRthak prAmANya sthApita kara bauddhoM ke apohavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| 15. bauddhoM ke anusAra zabda kA artha ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai, kintu jaina dArzanika zabda evaM artha meM yogyatA sambandha se saMketa grahaNa mAnate haiN| 16. bauddha evaM jainadarzana meM chala jAti Adi ke prayoga ko anyAyya batalAyA gayA hai tathA

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prAkkathana jalpa evaM vitaNDA ko kathA kA aMga nahIM mAnA gayA hai,mAtra vAda ko hI kathA kA aMga mAnA gayA hai, phira bhI bauddhoM ne asAdhanAGgavacana evaM adoSodbhAvana nAmaka do nigrahasthAnoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai jabaki jainadArzanikoM ne inakA khaNDana kara vAdI ke dvArA svapakSasiddhi ko hI prativAdI kA nigrahasthAna mAnA hai| 17.bauddhadArzanikoM ne pramANa evaM usake phala meM vyavasthApya-vyavasthApaka bhAva sthApita karate huye arthasArUpya ko pramANa evaM arthAdhigati ko phala kahA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke arthasArUpya kA prabala khaNDana kiyA hai| sAtha hI unhoMne jJAna kI utpatti meM artha Aloka Adi kI kAraNatA kA bhI nirAsa kiyA hai| __ bhAratIya darzana ke adhyetA ke rUpa meM yaha kRti merA prathama prayAsa hai / isa adhyayana se jaina evaM bauddha darzana ke prati merI ruci meM abhivRddhi huI hai| mujhe lagA ki sAMkhya,nyAya,vaizeSika, mImAMsA.bauddha aura cArvAka darzanoM ko samajhane ke lie jaina darzana-grantha atyanta upayogI siddha ho sakate haiN| zodha-kAryoM ko bhI inake adhyayana se nayA AyAma mila sakatA hai / jainoM ne bhAratIya darzana kI prAyaHpratyeka samasyA ko samIkSA kA viSaya banAyA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM jaina evaM bauddha AcAryoM ke ve hI grantha adhyayana ke AdhAra bane haiM jo saMskRta meM upalabdha haiN| diGnAga Adi dArzanikoM ke ve grantha upayoga meM nahIM A sake jo mAtra cInI yA tibbatI bhASA meM upalabdha hote haiN| kRtajJatA-jJApana maiM sva. guruvara DaoN.rAmacandra dvivedI, AcArya, saMskRta-vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura kA hRdaya se RNI hU~ jinake kuzala nirdezana meM zodha-kArya sampanna ho paayaa| unhoMne mujhe samaya hI nahIM sneha,AtmIyatA evaM satata preraNA pradAna kara nirantara utsAhita kiyA tathA isa yogya banAyA ki maiM bauddha evaM jaina darzana graMthoM kA sUkSma AloDana kara yaha prabandha likha sakU~ / apane svargamana (27 sitambara 1993) se pUrva jUna 1993 meM jayapura meM DaoN.dvivedI ne isa grantha kI bhUmikA likhane hetu sahaja svIkRti pradAna kI thI,kintu daivayoga se yaha saMbhava nahIM ho skaa| yaha kArya aba jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta -vibhAga ke AcArya evaM adhyakSa DaoN.dayAnanda bhArgava ne sampanna kiyA hai / unhoMne pUrNa sneha, audArya evaM AtmIyatA ke sAtha isa grantha kI bhUmikA likhakara pAThakoM kA mArgadarzana kiyA hai / maiM etadartha unakA hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| . jaina-vidyA ke vartamAna vidvAnoM meM zIrSastha paM dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA bhI maiM atyanta AbhArI hU~, jinhoMne 82 varSa kI avasthA meM bhI isa grantha kA avalokana kara AzIrvacana ke

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA rUpa meM sammati pradAna kI hai| paM. mAlavaNiyA jI ne isa zodha kArya ko prArambha karane se pUrva bhI merA amUlya mArgadarzana kiyA thA / unake atirikta jainavidyA ke vidvAnoM meM mujhe jinase apane kArya meM mArgadarzana evaM satparAmarza milA, ve haiM- sva. AcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja sA., DA. nathamala TATiyA, DA. darabArI lAla koThiyA tathA DaoN. nagIna je. zAha / maiM ina samasta sudhIjanoM ke prati zraddhAnata hU~ / vi zrI jaina siddhAnta zikSaNa saMsthAna, jayapura ke adhiSThAtA gurujI zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI lor3hA ke ananya prema, preraNA evaM mArgadarzana kA AbhAra maiM zabdoM meM vyakta nahIM kara sakatA / sAdhanA bhavana, jayapura kI prabaMdha samiti va vidyArthiyoM kA maiM RNI hU~ jinhoMne mujhe sAdhanA bhavana kA ekAnta evaM zAnta vAtAvaraNa pradAna kara zodhakArya sampanna karane meM amUlya sahayoga diyA / guruvarya DaoN. zrIkRSNa zarmA, saha- AcArya, saMskRta-vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya ne grantha ke prakAzana se pUrva amUlya evaM upayogI sujhAva die, etadartha maiM unakA bhI hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ / isa kRti kI sampannatA meM vibhinna pustakAlayoM kA sahayoga rahA hai, jinameM pramukha haiM - rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura, oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, zrI jaina siddhAnta zikSaNa saMsthAna, jayapura, zrI sanmati pustakAlaya, jayapura, jaina anuzIlana kendra evaM darzanazAstra vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM aadi| inake atirikta vyaktigata pustakAlayoM se bhI mujhe pUrNa sahayoga milA hai, jinameM DaoN. Ara.sI. dvivedI, jayapura, suzrI zAnti jaina, koTA, suhRdvara DaoN. rAjakumAra chAbar3A, jayapura ke pustakAlaya pramukha rahe haiN| maiM ina sabakA kRtajJa hU~ / maiM vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga evaM kAleja zikSA nidezAlaya, rAjasthAna kA bhI AbhAra mAnatA hU~ jinake dvArA mujhe TIcara risarca phelozipa pradAna kara adhyayanArtha cAra varSa (19 mArca, 1985 se 18 mArca 1989) kA samaya diyA gayA / anta meM maiM AbhArI hU~ prakhyAta jaina vidvAn DaoN. sAgaramala jI jaina kA, jinhoMne agAdha sneha evaM AtmIyatA ke sAtha pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodha pITha, vArANasI se isa grantha kA prakAzana kiyaa| isa grantha ko prakAzanayogya banAne ke lie je.ke. kampyUTara senTara jodhapura ke zrI jitendra jozI ko bhI maiM dhanyavAda denA apanA kartavya samajhatA hU~ / dharmacanda jaina

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bhUmikA mahAtmA gA~dhI kahA karate the ki vizva ke itihAsa meM aise vicAraka to milate haiM jinhoMne Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA,kintu koI aisA vicAraka nahIM milatA jisane satya ko svIkAra na kiyA ho / Izvara ko na mAnane para bhI satya kI khoja meM sarvasva nyauchAvara kara dene vAlI paramparAoM meM do paramparAeM haiM - bauddha tathA jaina / ina donoM paramparAoM meM aise Izvara ko koI mAnyatA nahIM dI gayI jo sRSTi kA sraSTA athavA niyantA ho tathApi ye donoM paramparAeM satya kI khoja ko atyanta mahattva detI haiM / suttanipAta meM mahAtmA buddha kahate haiM ki rasoM meM satya kA rasa sabase adhika svAdu hai - saccaM he va sAdutaraM rasAnaM (1.10.2) / Age ve kahate haiM ki zAzvata dharma yaha hai ki satya vANI hI amRta hai - saccaM ve amatA vAcA (3.29.4) / ve punaH kahate haiM ki asatyavAdI naraka meM jAtA hai - abhUtavAdI nirayaM upeti (3/36/5) / ina vaktavyoM meM satya ke tIna AyAma abhivyakta ho rahe haiM : 1.satya-tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNA ke rUpa meM 2.satya vANI- AptavAkya kI avadhAraNA ke rUpa meM 3. satya bhASaNa - AcArazAstrIya avadhAraNA ke rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI satya meM buddhi sthira karane kA upadeza diyA hai - saccaMmi dhiiM kuvvaha (AcArAGga1/3/2) Age unhoMne kahA hai ki he puruSa ! tuma satya ko hI jAno-purisA! saccameva samabhijANahi (AcArAGga1/3/3) / asatya prarUpaNA karane vAle saMsAra ke pAra nahIM jA sakate - je te u vAiNo evaM na te saMsArapAragA (sUtrakRtAGga 1/1/1/21) / praznavyAkaraNa meM to satya ko bhagavAn hI batA diyA gayA hai-taM saccaM bhagavaM (praznavyAkaraNa 2/2) / Age kahA gayA hai saMsAra meM satya hI sArabhUta hai - saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM (praznavyAkaraNa 2/2) (prastuta grantha kA prakAzana karane vAlI saMsthA kA yahI Adarza vAkya hai) / mRSAvAda kA tyAga aNuvrata ke rUpa meM zrAvaka ke liye tathA mahAvata ke rUpa meM muni ke liye anivAryataH vihita isa prakAra jainaparamparA meM bhI tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se satya, AptavAkya kI dRSTi se satyavANI tathA AcArazAstrIya dRSTi se satya bhASaNa ko vahI mahattva prApta hai jo bauddha paramparA meM hai / jaina paramparA meM tattvamImAMsIya satya anekAnta ke rUpa meM,AptavAkya syAdvAda ke rUpa meM tathA satyabhASaNa vrata ke rUpa meM pratipAdita hue| ___ Agama-yuga kA satya hI dArzanika yuga kA pramA hai tathA pramA kA karaNa hI pramANa hai / dArzanika yuga meM isa pramANazAstra kA itanA adhika vistAra huA ki prameyoM kA nirUpaNa gauNa ho gayA aura pramANa kA nirUpaNa hI mukhya ho gayA / vaidika-paramparA meM to pramANa kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA 'nyAya' eka svataMtra darzana ke rUpa meM hI pratiSThita ho gayA tathA usakA sambandha

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viii bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA prameyoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAle vaizeSika darzana se jor3a diyA gyaa| kintu vaizeSika darzana ke prameyanirUpaNa se sabhI vaidika sahamata nahIM the,ataH sAMkhya,mImAMsA tathA vedAnta ne bhI apane apane svataMtra pramANazAstra vikasita kiye / pramANazAstroM ke itane adhika prasthAna sthApita ho jAne para ina pramANazAstroM ke bIca paraspara matabheda ubhara kara AnA svAbhAvika thaa| vibhinna pramANazAstroM meM eka-dUsare kI pramANazAstrIya avadhAraNAoM kA khaNDana-maNDana bhI isI krama meM eka bAra prArambha huA to prAyaH eka sahasra varSa taka pUre bhAratIya cintana ke paTala para yahI khaNDana -maNDana burI taraha chAyA rhaa| sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie subodha thA Agamayuga kA satya kA nirUpaNa / dArzanika yuga ke prArambha kA pramANa-nirUpaNa bhI durgama nahIM hai, kintu jaba vibhinna pramANazAstroM ke bIca vivAda cAlU huA to bAla kI khAla nikAlane meM AcAryoM ne apane-apane pANDitya kA prakarSa pradarzita karanA prArambha kiyaa| pANDitya-pradarzana ke isa yuga kA sAhitya sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie to durbodha hai hI,sAmAnyataH vidvAn bhI isa sAhitya se bhayabhIta rahate haiM / DaoN.dharmacanda jaina ne isI koTi ke durbodha sAhitya kI pranthiyA~ kholane kA durlabha sAhasa prastuta kRti meM dikhalAyA hai| mere mitra svargIya DaoN. rAmacandra dvivedI kA kuzala mArgadarzana unheM prApta thA tathA unakI svayaM kI buddhi bhI sahaja hI tarkapravaNa hai, ataH yaha kahate hue mujhe hArdika santoSa ho rahA hai ki zaikSaNika arAjakatA ke isa yuga meM DaoN.jaina kI yaha kRti eka apavAdAtmaka upalabdhi ke rUpa meM mAnI jAnI caahiye| ___ yadyapi bauddha tathA jaina,donoM paramparAeM zramaNa haiM,tathApi donoM ke bIca kucha maulika matabheda haiN| bauddha anAtmavAdI haiM,jaina AtmavAdI haiM / bauddha na dhrauvya ko mAnatA hai,na sAmAnya ko| jaina dhauvya ko utpAdavyaya kA tathA sAmAnya ko vizeSa kA aparihArya aGga mAnatA hai / ataH . ina donoM paramparAoM ke AcAryoM ke bIca pramANamImAMsA ko lekara zAstrArtha honA svAbhAvika hI thaa| vastutaH darzanayuga meM Akara bhAratIya cintana kI dhArAoM ko brAhmaNa-zramaNa ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karane kI paramparA suvicArita nahIM hai| udAharaNataH sAMkhya darzana ko brAhmaNa paramparA meM mAnA jAtA hai, kintu vicAra karane para pratIta hogA ki zramaNa mAnI jAne vAlI bauddha vicAradhArA kI apekSA sAMkhya darzana jaina darzana ke kahIM adhika nikaTa hai / yaha nikaTatA itanI adhika hai ki AcArya kundakunda ko yaha spaSTIkaraNa denA par3A ki AtmA ke parakartRtva kA khaNDana karane ke bAvajUda ve sAMkhyadarzana kA samarthana nahIM kara rahe haiM kampaiyavaggaNAsu ya apariNamaMtIsu kmmbhaavenn| saMsArassa abhAvo pasajjade saMkhasamao vaa||-smysaar, 2.117 isI prakAra mImAMsA darzana meM anekAnta ko lagabhaga jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai / yathA vardhamAnakabhaneca rucakaH kriyate ydaa|

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bhUmikA ix tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH priitishcaapyuttraarthinH|| hemArthinastu mAdhyasthaM tasmAd vastu trayAtmakam / / -mImAMsAzlokavArtika, vanavAda, 21-22 kubhArilabhaTTa ke isa vaktavya kA bhAva-bhASA donoM dRSTiyoM se AcArya samantabhadra kI isa ukti ke sAtha Azcaryajanaka sAmya vaidika-avaidika kI vibhAjaka rekhA kA atikramaNa kara jAtA ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthaM jano yAti sahetukam / / payovrato na dadhyatti na payo'tti ddhivtH| agorasavato nobhe tasmAttattvaM trayAtmakam ||aaptmiimaaNsaa, 59-60 vastu kI anekAntAtmakatA kI siddhi karate hue mImAMsA dArzanika kumArilabhaTTa ne anekAnta vastu ke jJAna ko saMdigdha hone se apramANa nahIM mAnA hai, apitu ve use sunizcita svIkAra karate haiM,yathA vastvanekatvavAdAcca na sndigdhaaprmaanntaa| jJAnaM sandihyate yatra tatra na syAt prmaanntaa|| ihAnaikAntikaM vastvityevaM jJAnaM sunishcitm| -zlokavArtika, vanavAda79-80 mImAMsA jaise vizuddha vaidikadarzana kA jainadarzana se anekAnta ke sambandha meM aisI akSarazaH sahamati prakaTa karanA isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki kucha dRSTiyoM se jainadarzana zramaNa hote hue bhI vaidika darzanoM se hAtha milAtA najara AtA hai / isake viparIta usakA zramaNadarzana hone para bhI bauddhoM se aneka viSayoM para maulika matabheda hai| DaoN. dharmacanda jaina ne prastuta grantha meM bauddha tathA jaina pramANamImAMsIya Akara granthoM kA adhyayana karake una aMzoM ko kendra meM rakhA hai,jina aMzoM meM bauddha dRSTi kA jainadRSTi se khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi jainadRSTi kA bhI khaNDana bauddha granthoM meM yatra tatra upalabdha ho jAtA hai, tathApi sAmAnyataH bauddhoM ne jainadRSTi kI upekSA kI hai| yaha dekhane meM AyA hai ki jaina lekhakoM ne jainetara matoM kA khUba UhApoha kiyA hai,kintu jaina mata kI na kevala bauddhoM dvArA apitu anya dArzanikoM dvArA bhI upekSA hI huI / jaina dArzanika jainetara mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana saMgopAMga rUpa meM karate haiM, kintu jainetara dArzanika jainoM ke anekAnta kA khaNDana sarasarI taura para karake hI apane kartavya kI itizrImAnalete haiM / anekAntadRSTi tathA vedAntiyoM aurabauddhoM kI pratyayavAdI dRSTi ke bIca jo maulika matabheda hai use sAtakar3I mukarjI ne apane mantha meM apekSAkRta adhika gambhIratA se vivecita kiyA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki vedAntI aura bauddha kucha toM ko svataH siddha mAnate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM aise svataH siddha satyoM ko satyApita karane ke lie anubhava kA sahArA lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| udAharaNataH yaha bAta svataH siddha satya hai ki 'a''ba' hai

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 1 aura' a''ba' nahIM hai -- ye donoM vaktavya yugapad satya nahIM ho sakate / isake viparIta anekAnta yaha mAnatA hai ki koI bhI satya anubhava nirapekSa nahIM hai| yadi anubhava meM yaha AtA hai ki 'a' eka apekSA se 'ba' hai aura dUsarI apekSA se 'ba' nahIM hai, to kisI svataH siddha satya kI duhAI dekara isa anubhava kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| mUla vivAda kA muddA yaha hai ki kyA hama eka satya ko svataH siddha mAnakara usake AdhAra para anubhava kI vyAkhyA kareM, yA anubhava ko pramANa mAnakara usake AdhAra para tarka kA DhAMcA khar3A kreN| yadi hama anubhava ko pramANa mAnakara tarka kA DhAMcA khar3A kara deM to svataH hI anekAntavAda phalita ho jAtA hai| kintu yadi hama kucha aise svataH siddha satyoM ko mAnate haiM jo anubhava se bhI Upara haiM to phira anubhava para Tikane vAlA anekAnta lar3akhar3A jAtA hai| hamAre sAmAnya anubhava ko prAmANika mAnane vAle sabhI darzana cAhe ve jaina hoM yA mImAMsaka, naiyAyika hoM yA sAMkhya, kisI na kisI rUpa meM anekAntavAdI haiM / kintu hamAre anubhava meM Ane vAle nairantarya tathA sAmAnya ko bhrAnta mAnane vAle bauddha tathA anubhava meM Ane vAle parivartana tathA vizeSa ko mAyA mAnane vAle vedAntI anekAnta ko svIkAra nahIM kara skte| unakI dRSTi meM anekAnta paraspara viruddha tathyoM ko mAnane ke kAraNa aprAmANika hI ThaharatA hai| isa mUlabhUta matabheda ke kAraNa bauddha aura vedAntI saMkSepa anekAnta kA khaNDana karake hI saMtuSTa ho jAte haiM; ve yaha mAna lete haiM ki anekAnta kA khaNDana hone se anya saba jaina mAnyatAeM to svataH hI khaNDita ho gaI / X isake viparIta jainadArzanika ko kevala anekAnta kI sthApanA se hI saMtoSa nahIM hotA / bauddha mAnyatAoM meM jahAM jahAM bhI use anubhava kA apalApa hotA dikhAI detA hai vahAM vahAM ddha mAnyatAoM ke viruddha tarka para tarka detA jAtA hai| DaoN. dharmacanda jaina ne aise hI saba tarkoM vizleSaNa ko apane prastuta zodha grantha kA merudaNDa banAyA hai| yaha vizleSaNa kyoMki mUlagranthoM para AdhRta hai, ataH isakI prAmANikatA nissaMdigdha hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki DaoN. jaina ne kevala jaina granthoM meM bauddha mAnyatAoM ke viruddha dI gaI yuktiyoM ko yathAvat saMkalita karake hI saMtoSa nahIM kara liyA hai, apitu pade pade apanI sUkSmekSikA, svatantra nirNaya lene kI kSamatA aura adhyayana kI vyApakatA kA paricaya bhI diyA hai| do cAra udAharaNoM se apane isa kathana kI puSTi karanA cAhUMgA / ddhadvArA nirUpita pramANa kI avisaMvAditA kA jainoM ne jo khaNDana kiyA hai usakA vivecana karate hue DaoN. jaina likhate haiM- "vastutaH bauddha dArzanika pramANa ko sAMvyavahArika dRSTi) se avisaMvAdI mAnate haiM, pAramArthika dRSTi se nhiiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne jo khaNDana kiyA hai vaha bauddhoM kI pAramArthika dRSTi se kiyA hai / " ( pR0 104) ina do vAkyoM meM hI sAre vivAda kA sAra bhI A jAtA hai aura nipaTArA bhI ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka mAnane vAle bauddha ke viruddha diye jAne ke lie eka navIna yukti jaina dArzanikoM ko sujhAte hue DaoN. jaina kahate haiM- "bauddhasammata pratyakSa ko savikalpaka siddha karane ke lie jaina dArzanikoM kI

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bhUmikA ora se eka hetu aura diyA jA sakatA hai| vaha hai pramANa kI arthAkAratA yA arthasarUpatA / pramANa ko bauddha dArzanikoM ne arthAkAra pratipAdita kiyA hai |...prtykss bhI pramANa hone ke kAraNa arthAkAra honA cAhie.... jJAna arthAkAra hokara bhI nirvikalpaka ho,yaha saMbhava nahIM hai / " (pR. 205-206) spaSTa hai ki DaoN.jaina vicArAdhIna viSaya meM itanA racapaca kara likha rahe haiM ki ve kevala purAne tarkoM ko doharA hI nahIM rahe, abhinava tarka dene kI sthiti meM bhI haiN| uparyukta vivaraNa se aisA nahIM mAna lenA cAhie ki DaoN.jaina kA dRSTikoNa bhedabhAvapUrNa hai| unheM jahAM kahIM aisA lagA ki jaina dArzanika bauddha tathA anya dArzanikoM ke RNI haiM.vahAM use unhoMne mukta kaNTha se svIkAra kiyA hai / hetu ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa karate samaya ve likhate haiM, "jaina dArzanikoM para hetu-bheda nirUpaNa meM bauddhoM kA prabhAva rahA hai / yahI nahIM ,apitu jaina dArzanikoM ne nyAya,mImAMsA,vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM vidyamAna hetuoM kA bhI apane hetu-bhedoM meM yathAzakya samAveza kara liyA hai| kAraNahetu kA pratipAdana nyAya evaM sAMkhya darzana meM pratipAdita pUrvavat hetu kA hI saMzodhita rUpa hai| pUrvacara hetu kI kalpanA saMbhavataH mImAMsA darzana meM pratipAdita kRttikodayamAlakSya rohiNyAsattiklRptivat' vAkya ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai|" (pR0 244) ___uparyukta mImAMsAdarzana ke ullekha ke samAna hI DaoN.jaina ne bauddha tathA jainadarzana se itara anya darzanoM kA bhI yatheSTa upayoga kiyA hai jo unake vyApaka anuzIlana kA paricAyaka hai| udAharaNataH ve kahate haiM, bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM pratipAdita avinAbhAva niyama rUpa vyApti kA gaMgeza ne khaNDana kiyA hai| gaMgeza kA kathana hai ki avinAbhAva niyama ko vyApti nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki vaha kevalAnvayI anumAna meM avyApta hai|" (pR. 269) bauddha-jainetara darzanoM ke isa prakAra ke prAsaMgika ullekha ke kAraNa prastuta grantha kA pratipAdya viSaya saMkIrNa hone se baca gayA hai| jainadRSTi kA pratipAdana karate samaya DaoN.jaina ne anekAnta kI AtmA ko pakar3A hai| isI kAraNa ve kahate haiM ki "zabda kA kevala vidhiparaka athavA kevala apohaparaka artha paryApta nahIM hai| donoM arthoM ko lekara hI zabda kA pUrNa artha banatA hai / (tulanIya pR0 351) isa prakAra kI / saMtulita dRSTi anekAntavAdI cintana se hI prasUta ho sakatI hai| ___pArasparika vAdavivAda ke binduoM ko ujAgara karane ke atirikta isa grantha meM aneka upayogI sUcanAeM bhI hai| udAharaNataH jainoM kI isa dArzanika mAnyatA kA ki AtmA meM sampUrNa jJAna hai, kintu vaha jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kAraNa prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA (tulanIya pR. 379) zikSA jagat meM saphala upayoga ho sakatA hai / adhyApaka yadi vidyArthI para jJAna Upara se na thope ,balki usa vidyArthI ke hI andara nihita jJAna ko anAvRta karane kA prayatna kare to Upara se thope gae jJAna kI apekSA vaha jJAna sahaja hone ke kAraNa adhika cirasthAyI hogaa| prastuta grantha ke vivecya viSaya kA kAla pramukhataH pAMcavI zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke

Page #19
xii bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA bIca phailA huA hai / ATha sau varSoM ke isa dIrghakAla meM do mokSonmukha cintanadhArAoM ke bIca jo pramANazAstrIya vivAda ke mudde uThe,unakA vizleSaNa rocaka,jJAnavarddhaka aura mahattvapUrNa hai| isa kAla-khaNDa meM bauddha aura jaina ke atirikta bhI jo dArzanika paramparAeM panapI unameM cArvAka ke eka nagaNya apavAda ko chor3akara sabhI paramparAeM mokSonmukhI haiN| __ mokSa ko jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnane vAlI ina sabhI paramparAoM ke bIca paraspara bheda hai, yaha satya hai, kintu usase bhI bar3A satya yaha hai ki mokSonmukhI hone ke kAraNa ye sabhI paramparAeM bhoga kI apekSA saMyama ko mahattva detI haiM / vivecya kAla khaNDa meM bhogaparAyaNa vyakti nahIM the,aisA to nahIM hai, kintu bhogavAda kA koI vyavasthita,gaMbhIra darzana nahIM bana pAyA thaa| idhara pichale kucha varSoM meM aisA lagatA hai ki bhogavAda ko nyAya saMgata ThaharAne ke lie eka vyavasthita darzana vikasita ho rahA hai / yaha darzana kisI eka paramparA para coTa na karake samasta mokSonmukhI paramparAoM ke mUla para coTa kara rahA hai / mujhe kabhI-kabhI lagatA hai ki Aja saba mokSonmukhI paramparAoM ke lie yudhiSThira kA vaha vacana smaraNIya hai jisameM unhoMne kahA thA ki paraspara virodha hone para pANDava pAMca haiM,kaurava sau haiM, kintu kisI anya ke sAtha virodha hone para hama eka sau pAMca haiM parasparavirodhe tu vayaM paJca zatAni te| anyai : saha virodhe tu vayaM pazottaraM shtm|| bhoga-pradhAna vicAradhArA ke AkramaNa kA sabhI yoga-pradhAna vicAradhArAoM ko pArasparika matabheda bhulAkara sAmanA karanA hogaa| maiM DaoN. dharmacanda jaina jaise pratibhAzAlI bhAratIya saMskRti ke adhyetAoM se yaha apekSA rakhatA hU~ ki ve apane svAdhyAyazIla jIvana ke zramapUrNa samaya ko bhAratIya saMskRti ke usa samanvita rUpa ko ujAgara karane meM lagAeMge,jisakA mUla svara asat se sat kI ora,tamas se jyoti kI ora tathA mRtyu se amRtatva kI ora agrasara hone kA hai - asato mA sadgamaya tamaso mA jyotirgamaya mRtyormA'mRtaM gmy| DaoN.dayAnanda bhArgava AcArya evaM adhyakSa,saMskRta-vibhAga jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya,jodhapura (rAja)

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prAkkathana bhUmikA prathama adhyAya - pramANa-mImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA bhAratIya darzana meM pramANa mImAMsA bauddha-paramparA pramANa kA prayojana pramANa - zAstroM ke sarjana kA prArambha viSaya sUcI tripiTakakAlIna pramANamImAMsA tripiTakottaravartI pramANamImAMsA nAgArjuna maitreya asaGga vasubandhu vigrahavyAvartanI upAyahRdaya dharmakIrti vAdavidhi tarkazAstra diGnAga evaM unakA sampradAya diGnAga pramANasamuccaya AlambanaparIkSA nyAyapraveza pramANavArtika nyAyabindu pramANavinizcaya hetubindu i-vi vii-xii 1-67 1 4 6-29 6 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 15 16 18 18 19 20 21 22 22

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xiv bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA sambandhaparIkSA vAdanyAya santAnAntarasiddhi dharmottara nyAyabinduTIkA arcaTa hetubinduTIkA prajJAkaragupta evaM pramANavArtikabhASya zAntarakSita aura kamalazIla tattvasaGgraha evaM tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA dukamizra dharmottarapradIpa hetubinduTIkAloka anya bauddhAcArya evaM unakI kRtiyAM jaina - paramparA AgamavartI pramANamImAMsA anekAntasAhitya- yugIna pramANamImAMsA umAsvAti kundakunda siddhasenadivAkara nyAyAvatAra zAntisUri kA vArtika evaMsiddharSigaNi kI vivRti sanmatitarkaprakaraNa samantabhadra yuktyanuzAsana AptamImAsA svayambhUstotra

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viSaya - sUcI 42 45 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa aura dvAdazAranayacakra jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa siMhasUri sumati pAtrasvAmI zrIdatta kumAranandI haribhadrasUri akalaGka evaM taduttaravartI pramANamImAMsA 45 46 46 akalaGka 48 tattvArthavArtika aSTazatI laghIyastraya nyAyavinizcaya siddhivinizcaya pramANasaGgraha vidyAnanda pramANaparIkSA tattvArthazlokavArtika aSTasahasrI anantavIrya pramANasaGgrahabhASya aura siddhivinizcayaTIkA mANikyanandI aura parIkSAmukha vAdirAja nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa pramANanirNaya abhayadevasUri aura tattvabodhavidhAyinI 54

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xvi prabhAcandra vAdidevasUra bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA prameyakamalamArtaNDa nyAyakumudacandra pramANanayatattvAloka syAdvAdaratnAkara hemacandra aura pramANamImAMsA anya jainAcArya aura unakI kRtiyAM navya nyAyayuga digambara zvetAmbara - sampradAya bauddha evaM jaina : bindu evaM pratibindu dvitIya adhyAya- pramANa- lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda bauddhadarzana meM pramANa lakSaNa - prathama lakSaNa (ajJAtArthajJApakamiti) dvitIya lakSaNa (pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam) donoM lakSaNoM kI paraspara pUrakatA tRtIya lakSaNa (arthasArUpyamasya pramANam) jainadarzana meM pramANa- lakSaNa jainadArzanikoM dvArA bauddha pramANa-lakSaNoM kA parIkSaNa prathama lakSaNa kA parIkSaNa akalaGka 82, vidyAnanda 83, siddharSigaNi 83, prabhAcandra 85, . hemacandra 86 samIkSaNa dhArAvAhika jJAna ke prAmANya evaM aprAmANya-viSayaka vicAra dvitIya lakSaNa kA parIkSaNa akalaGka 89, vidyAnanda 90, siddharSigaNi 93, abhayadevasUri 94, vAdidevasUri 99, hemacandra 103 58 58 59 59 59 60 60 61 61 61 63 68-108 68 68 71 74 75 76 82 82 86 88 89

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viSaya sUcI - samIkSaNa tRtIya lakSaNa kA parIkSaNa prAmANyavAda - pratyakSa-pramANa tRtIya adhyAya bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa-pramANa pratyakSa- lakSaNa vasubandhu kA pratyakSa-lakSaNa diGnAgIya pratyakSa- lakSaNa diGnAga ke mata meM kalpanA dharmakIrtIya pratyakSa-lakSaNa dharmakIrti ke mata meM kalpanA dharmottara dvArA vyAkhyA zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ke mata meM kalpanA 'abhrAnta' pada ke prayoga para matabheda pratyakSAbhAsa pratyakSa kI prakriyA dharmottara 118, diGnAga 116, dharmakIrti 117, zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla 119 Adhunika vidvAnoM kA mata 120 vimUDha puruSa ko bhrama pratyakSa kI siddhi pratyakSa-pramANa ke bheda indriya- pratyakSa mAnasa pratyakSa svasaMvedana pratyakSa yogi-pratyakSa nirvikalpaka - pratyakSa dvArA vyavahAra jaina darzana meM pratyakSa-pramANa pratyakSa- lakSaNa xvii 104 105 105 109-207 109-128 109 109 110 111 111 112 113 115 116 121 122 122 122 122 122 124 125 126 127 128-143 128

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xviii bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA or - N 132 134 134 135 135 Agamika dhArA pramANa-vyavasthAyugIna dhArA vizadatA pratyakSa-bheda (1) mukhya-pratyakSa mukhya-pratyakSa ke bheda avadhijJAna manaH paryAyajJAna kevalajJAna (2) sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa indriya-pratyakSa anindriya-pratyakSa sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa kI prakriyA avagraha IhA 136 137 138 138 0 140 140 avAya 142 14 145 145 dhAraNA 142 jaina dArzanikoM dvArA bauddha pratyakSa-pramANa kA parIkSaNa 143-201 (1) mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa pUrvapakSa 143, uttarapakSa 144, pratyakSa kI avyapadezyatA kA khaNDana 'cakSurvijJAnasamaGgI nIlaM vijAnAti no tu nIlamiti' vAkya kA khaNDana 'arthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe dharmasaMjJI' vAkya kA khaNDana 147 bauddha-pratyakSa kI apratyakSatA 148 (2) bhaTTa akalaGka 149 (3) vidyAnanda 153 nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kI vyavasAyajanakatA kA nirasana 156

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viSaya - sUcI xix 161 179 185 190 195 196 bauddha evaM vidyAnanda meM uttara-pratyuttara 158 (4) vAdirAja (5) abhayadevasUri 163 vaiyAkaraNamata 163,bauddhamata 164,naiyAyikoM evaM bauddhoM meM saMvAda 165-69 bauddha pratyakSa kA nirasana 169 (6)prabhAcandra 179 bauddhAbhimata kalpanA kA khaNDana ekatva-adhyavasAya kA nirasana nirvikalpaka jJAna se vikalpajJAna kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM 188 vikalpAtmaka jJAna hI pramANa (7) vAdidevasUri 193 pratyakSa-bhedoM kA nirasana 195 zrotra ke aprApyakAritva kA khaNDana mAnasa-pratyakSa kA khaNDana svasaMvedana-pratyakSa kA nirasana 199 yogipratyakSa sarvajJatA-vicAra 201 samIkSaNa 204-207 caturtha adhyAya - anumAna -pramANa 208-289 anumAna-lakSaNa anumAna-bheda 212 svArthAnumAna 215 sAdhya-vicAra 216 hetulakSaNa-vimarza 218 bauddhamata meM hetulakSaNa jainamata meM hetulakSaNa 222 jainadArzanikoM dvArA bauddha hetu-lakSaNa kA 223 khaNDana 200 210 220

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XX bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 231 234 235 237 243 244 244 pAtrasvAmI 224, akalaGka 226, vidyAnanda 226,abhayadevasUri 229, hemacandra 230 samIkSaNa hetu-bheda bauddhadarzana meM hetu-bheda jaina darzana meM hetu-bheda samIkSaNa jainoM dvArA sthApita viziSTa hetu kAraNa hetu pUrvapakSa 245, uttarapakSa 245, akalaGka 245, vidyAnanda 245, mANikyanandI 246,prabhAcandra 246 , vAdidevasUri 247,hemacandra 248 samIkSaNa pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetu samIkSaNa sahacara hetu samIkSaNa anupalabdhi hetu para vicAra vyApti-vimarza bauddhadarzana meM vyApti jainadarzana meM vyApti vyApti-grAhaka tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti dvArA avinAbhAva mAnane kA khaNDana akalaGka 262, vidyAnanda 263 prabhAcandra 264,vAdidevasUri 265 249 249 252 252 253 253 255 256 260 261 262

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viSaya sUcI paMcama adhyAya parArthAnumAna - smRti -pramANa samIkSaNa parArthAnumAna kA svarUpa parArthAnumAna ke bheda parArthAnumAna ke avayava pakSa-vacana- vimarza samIkSaNa pakSAbhAsa dRSTAnta aura dRSTAntAbhAsa hetvAbhAsa nigrahasthAna pramANa-saMkhyA pramANavyavasthA evaM pramANasaMplava bauddhamata kI AlocanA bhAratIya darzana ko jaina nyAya kI anUThI dena smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra smRti kA svarUpa smRti 'pramANa' kyoM nahIM ? bauddhamata meM smRti kA aprAmANya jainoM dvArA smRti pramANa kA sthApana samIkSaNa pratyabhijJAna -pramANa bhaTTa akalaGka dvArA smRtipramANa kA sthApana vidyAnanda ke dvArA smRti-pramANa kI sthApanA prabhAcandra ke dvArA smRti -pramANa kA sthApana hemacandra sUri dvArA smRti pramANa kA sthApana jainadarzana meM pratyabhijJAna xxi 269 270 270 273 273 276 281 281 282 283 286 290-351 290 291 291 293 293 293 295 296 297 297 299 301 305 305 307 307

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xxii bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA El minim in 311 312 314 317 318 318 318 320 322 in anya darzanoM meM pratyabhijJAna boddhadarzana meM pratyabhijJAna kA aprAmANya jainoM dvArA pratyabhijJAna-pramANa kA pratiSThApana akalaGka dvArA pratyabhijJAna-pramANa kA sthApana vidyAnanda dvArA sthApana prabhAcandra aura vAdidevasUri dvArA sthApana hemacandra sUri dvArA sthApana samIkSaNa tarka-pramANa jainadarzana meM tarka kA svarUpa vaidika darzana prasthAnoM meM tarka kA svarUpa bauddha darzana meM tarka kA svarUpa jaina dArzanikoM dvArA bauddhoM kA khaNDana evaM tarka kA pramANa rUpa meM sthApana akalaGka kI yuktiyAM vidyAnanda ke tarka prabhAcandra dvArA sthApana vAdidevasUri kI naI yuktiyAM hemacandrasUri kA mata samIkSaNa Agama-pramANa bauddhadarzana meM zabda kA anumAna-pramANa meM antarbhAva jaina darzana meM Agama-pramANa bauddha mAnyatA kA khaNDana akalaGka kI yuktiyA~ prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ke tarka sArAMza apoha-vicAra bauddha darzana meM apoha 323 323 325 327 329 330 330 331 332 332 334 336 337 338 338

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viSaya - sUcI xxiii 340 341 343 jaina darzana meM apohavAda kA nirasana akalaGka dvArA nirasana pUrvapakSa 341,uttarapakSa 341 vidyAnanda dvArA nirAkaraNa abhayadevasUri kA yogadAna prabhAcandra kA cintana pUrvapakSa 345, uttarapakSa 346 samIkSaNa prameya, pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa bauddha darzana meM dvividha prameya 345 351 352-384 SaSTha adhyAya 352 svalakSaNa 354 355 356 357 358 359 sAmAnyalakSaNa svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa meM bheda vijJAnavAda meM pramANa,prameya evaM phalavyavasthA jainadarzana meM prameya sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka prameya kA svarUpa bauddha sammata prameya kA khaNDana evaM sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka prameya kI siddhi akalaGka 359,vidyAnanda 361, mANikyanandI 361,vAdidevasUri 362, samIkSaNa pramANa-phala bauddha darzana meM pramANa-phala vyavasthApya-vyavasthApakabhAva tadutpatti,tadrUpatA evaM tadadhyavasAya jaina darzana meM pramANa-phala 362 363 365

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xxiv bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 368 arthakAraNatA evaM arthAkAratA (arthasArUpya) kA nirasana akalaGka 368 , vidyAnanda 371 , vAdirAja 372 , abhayadevasUri 373, prabhAcandra 374 jainamata meM sAkAra jJAna samIkSaNa 378 379 382 385 394 pramANAbhAsa pariziSTa (dvitIya adhyAya) ka pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)- kha pariziSTa (caturtha adhyAya)- ga grantha-lekhakAnukramaNikA viSayAnukramaNikA sahAyaka granthasUcI 419 421 435 439 aSTasahasrI (jJA) dvAdazAranayacakra (ja) pramANavArtika (ma.na) pramANavArtika (svavRtti) Perception saMketa aSTasahasrI (anuvAda - jJAnamatI mAtAjI) dvAdazAranayacakra (sampAdana - munijambUvijaya) pramANavArtika -manorathanandivRtti pramANavArtika (svArthAnumAnapariccheda,svopajJavRtti) Perception : an essay on classical Indian theories of Knowledge Pre-Dinnaga Buddhist Texts on Logic from Chinese Sources. Pre-Dignaga Texts

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prathama adhyAya pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA bhAratIya darzana meM pramANamImAMsA ____ 'pramANamImAMsA' zabda pramANa se sambandhita samasta carcA ko apane meM sameTa letA hai| pramANa kA lakSaNa,usake bheda, viSaya aura phala ke sAtha prAmANya kI carcA bhI,pramANamImAMsA meM garbhita ho jAtI hai| 'pra' upasargapUrvaka 'mA' dhAtu se niSpanna 'pramANa' zabda prameya padArtha ko jAnane meM sAdhakatama kAraNa hotA hai / 'pramAkaraNaM pramANam', 'pramIyate'neneti pramANam' Adi isake vyutpattiparaka lakSaNa isakI puSTi karate haiN| jAnane ke aneka sAdhana hote haiM, kintu sAdhakatama kAraNa arthAt karaNa ko hI pramANa mAnA jAtA hai / vaha sAdhakatama kAraNa arthAt pramANa kyA hai,yaha bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke madhya vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai / isakI saMkhyA,viSaya,phala aura prAmANya ke sambandha meM bhI vAda hote rahe haiM / isalie pramANamImAMsA bhAratIyadarzana meM gaMbhIra UhApoha kA viSaya rahA hai| ___ tarkazAstra,nyAyazAstra aura pramANazAstra samAna artha meM pracalita haiN| pramANamImAMsA' zabda bhI inhIM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai / bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa pratyeka bhAratIya darzana kA apanA pRthak pramANazAstra pracalita huaa| pAzcAtya darzana meM isa zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha taka yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki tarkazAstra to eka vijJAna hai aura usameM matabheda ke lie koI avakAza nahIM hai,parantu samakAlIna pAzcAttya darzana para dRSTi DAlane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki tarkazAstra bhI bhinna-bhinna ho sakate haiN|' prAcIna bhAratIya darzana meM pramANa-zAstra ke lie AnvIkSikI zabda kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| yaha AnvIkSikI vidyA nyAyavidyA yA hetuvidyA ke rUpa meM to prasiddha hI hai,kintu manusmRti meM isakA prayoga AtmavidyA ke lie huA hai / ' satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ke anusAra Atma-vidyA hI uttarakAla meM AnvIkSikI ke nAma se pahacAnI gaI tathA AnvIkSikI hI darzana evaM nyAya ina do zAkhAoM meM vibhakta huI / vAtsyAyana ne AnvIkSikI ko nyAyavidyA kahakara use adhyAtmavidyA se pRthak siddha kiyA hai| unake anusAra saMzayAdi padArtha nyAyavidyA ke pRthak prasthAna haiM, yadi usameM saMzayAdi padArtha na hoM to vaha adhyAtmavidyA mAtra raha jaaegii| 8. Susan Haack, The Philosophy of Logics, pp. 1-10 2. vidyebhyastrayoM vidyAd daNDanItiJca zAzvatIm / ___ AnvIkSikI cAtmavidyAM vArtArambhAM ca lokataH / / - manusmRti, 7.43 3. Atma-vidya was at a later stage called Anviksiki, the science of inquiry. - A History of Indian Logic, p. 4 4. A History of Indian Logic,pp.5-6 5. imAstu catasro vidyAH pRcakjhasthAnAH prANabhRtAmanugrahAyopadizyante yAsAM caturthIyam AnvIkSikI nyAyavidyA / tasyAH pRthakSasthAnAH saMzayAdayaH padArthAH / teSAM pRthagvacanamantareNA'dhyAtmavidyAmAtramiyaM syAt ythopnissdH|-nyaaybhaassy,

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kauTilya ne AnvIkSikI ko samasta vidyAoM kA dIpaka, samasta karmoM kA upAya evaM samasta dharmoM kA Azraya nirUpita kiyA hai| unake anusAra yaha vidyA trayI, vArtA evaM daNDanIti ke balAbala kA hetu dvArA vicAra kara loka kA upakAra karatI hai, vipatti evaM abhyudaya meM manuSya kI buddhi ko sthira karatI hai| AnvIkSikI meM hetuoM kA prAbalya hone se ise hetuvidyA yA hetuzAstra bhI kahA gyaa| pariSad meM sad asad kA nirNaya karane hetu isakA upayoga karane se isa vidyA ko tarkavidyA yA vAda nAma bhI diye gaye / ' vAdavidyA athavA tarkavidyA ke dvArA prameyoM ko siddha kie jAne se isakA nAma pramANazAstra huA / pramANazAstra yA pramANavidyA ke lie bhAratIya darzana meM bahudhA 'nyAya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai|' pAzcAttya darzana meM pramANamImAMsA ke lie Epistemology (episTimolAjI) zabda nikaTatama hai / o bhAratIya darzana meM 'pramANa' zabda kA antarbhAva karane vAle aneka pramANazAstrIya graMthoM kA nirmANa huA hai aura una granthoM meM se adhikAMza yA to jainoM dvArA likhe gae haiM yA bauddhoM dvArA nirmita haiM, yathApramANavidhvaMsana (nAgArjuna) pramANasamuccaya (diGnAga) pramANavArtika evaM pramANavinizcaya (dharmakIrti), pramANavArtikAlaGkAra (prajJAkaragupta ), pramANasaGgraha (akalaGka), pramANaparIkSA (vidyAnanda), pramANanirNaya (vAdirAja) pramANanayatattvAloka (vAdidevasUri), pramANamImAMsA (hemacandra) Adi / .11 prastuta grantha bauddha evaM jaina sammata pramANacarcA se sambaddha hai, yaha mAtra paMcAvayava vAkya rUpa nyAya" ke sImita kSetra kA avagAhaka nahIM hai, ataH prastuta prasaMga meM nyAya kI apekSA pramANamImAMsA zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pramANamImAMsA meM nyAya kA bhI antarbhAva ho gayA hai| - pramANa kA prayojana - samasta prameya padArthoM kA jJAna pramANa dvArA hotA hai / pramANa ke abhAva meM prameya artha kA jJAna saMbhava nahIM / 12 isIlie bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka mata se svIkArA gayA'mAnAdhInA meyasiddhiH' arthAt prameya artha kI siddhi pramANa ke adhIna hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM IzvarakRSNa 6. pradIpaH sarvavidyAnAmupAyaH sarvakarmaNAm / AzrayaH sarvadharmANAM zazvadAnvIkSikI matA // - kauTilIya arthazAstra, 1.1.7, pR. 11 7. bala bale caitAsAM hetubhiranvIkSamANAnvIkSikI lokasyopakaroti, vyasane'bhyudaye ca buddhimavasthApayati, prajJA vAkyakriyAvaizAradyaM ca karoti / - kauTilIya arthazAstra 1.2.6, pR. 11 8. vasubandhu ke vAdavidhi Adi graMtha isake nidarzana haiN| 9. pramANairarthaparIkSaNaM nyAyaH / - nyAyabhASya, 1.1.1., pR0 8 10. B.K. Matilal, Perception, p. 23 11. teSu pramANasamavAyaH AgamaH pratijJA / heturanumAnam / udAharaNaM pratyakSam / upanayanamupamAnam / sarveSAmekArthasamavAye sAmarthya pradarzanaM nigamanamiti / so'yaM paramo nyAya iti / - nyAyabhASya, 1. 1. 1. pR. 11 12. pramANamantareNa nArthapratipattiH - nyAyabhASya, pR. 2

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina - paramparA 14 .15 ne 'prameyasiddhiH pramANAddhi' kA kathana kiyA / 13 bauddha dArzanika diGnAga ne evaM prajJAkaragupta' ne bhI pramANAdhIno hi prameyAdhigamaH' kahakara ise puSTa kiyaa| jaina dArzanika umAsvAti ne 'pramANanayairadhigamaH 16 sUtra dvArA pramANa evaM naya ko arthAdhigama kA karaNa pratipAdita kiyA / pramANa se prameya kA jJAna hotA hai, yaha lagabhaga samasta bhAratIya darzanoM dvArA svIkRta siddhAnta banA, isalie nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, pUrvamImAMsA, uttaramImAMsA, jaina, bauddha, cArvAka Adi samasta darzanoM meM pramANazAstrIya graMthoM kA nirmANa huA / nAgArjuna (150 I) jayarAzibhaTTa (9 vIM zatI) aura zrIharSa (11 vIM zatI) ne bhAratIya darzana meM niSedhAtmaka dvandvanyAya kI paddhati dvArA samasta pramANa-vyavasthA kA hI uccheda karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| jisake phalasvarUpa pramANa ke dvArA prameya kI siddhi mAnane kA siddhAnta bhI saMdigdha ho jAtA hai / ina dArzanikoM ke anusAra yA to tattva abhAva rUpa hai, zUnyarUpa hai yA bhASA aura buddhi se pare zabda aura tarka se pare rahasyamaya hai / nAgArjuna kA kathana hai ki pramANa svataH siddha nahIM ho sakatA tathA use pramANAntara se bhI siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 'jayarAzi bhaTTa kahate haiM ki prameya kI sthiti pramANa ke adhIna hai tathA pramANa ke abhAva meM prameya evaM pramANa donoM kA vyavahAra asaMbhava hai| ve eka adbhuta dArzanika hue jinhoMne pratyakSa, anumAna Adi samasta pramANoM ko apanI racanA 'tattvopaplavasiMha' meM anucita ThaharAyA hai / vedAnta dArzanika zrIharSa bhI apane graMtha 'khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya' meM isI prakAra prameya-pramANa kI mAnyatA kA nirasana karate haiN| 17 18 19 isa prakAra nAgArjuna, jayarAzi aura zrIharSa saMzayavAdI dArzanikoM kI koTi meM Ate haiM jinakA darzana zAstra meM atyadhika mahattva hai, kyoMki ye sadaiva racanAtmaka AzAvAdI dArzanikoM ke lie cunautI kA kArya karate haiN| 3 nyAyadArzanika vAtsyAyana ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki pramANa se artha kA jJAna hone para pravRtti karane kA sAmarthya prApta hotA hai, isalie pramANa kI saMkalpanA sArthaka hai / 20 bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti samyagjJAna ko pramANa mAnate haiM, ataH nyAyabindu ke prArambha meM unakA kathana hai- 'puruSArtha kI siddhi 13. sAMkhyakArikA, 4 14. Dignaga, on perception, p. 76 15. pramANavArtika bhASya, pR0 340 16. tattvArthasUtra, 1.6 17. naiva svataH prasiddhirna parasparataH parapramANairvA / na bhavati na ca prameyairna cApyakasmAt pramANAnAm // - vigrahavyAvartanI, 51 18. atha kathaM tAni na santi ? taducyate sallakSaNanibandhanaM mAnavyavasthAnaM, mAnanibandhanA ca meyasthitiH, tadabhAve tayoH sad vyavahAraviSayatvaM katham ? - tattvopaplavasiMha, pR0 1 19. khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya, prathamapariccheda, pR0 76-410. 20. pramANato'rthapratipattau pravRttisAmarthyAt arthavat pramANam - nyAyabhASya, Adi vAkya /

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ' samyagjJAna pUrvaka hotI hai, isalie samyagjJAna (pramANa) kA vyutpAdana kiyA jA rahA hai / 21 nyAyAvatArasUtravArtikakAra zAntisUri nAmaka jaina dArzanika ne pramANa ko hitArtha kI prApti evaM ahitArtha ke tyAga kA kAraNa pratipAdita kiyA hai / 22 pramANa-zAstroM ke sarjana kA prArambha-bhAratIya dArzanika-cintana meM pramANa kiM vA pramANoM kA prArambha kaba huA yaha nizcita rUpa se kahanA azakya hai, kintu yaha sunizcita hai ki pramANa kA avalambana lie binA prameya kI mImAMsA nahIM ho sktii| prameya kA jJAna karanA mAnava kA anAdi svabhAva hai| bI0 ke0 matilAla ke zabdoM meM nyAya evaM pramANa-zAstra ke vimarza se hI prameyamImAMsA evaM tattvamImAMsA meM praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai / 23 ataH pramANa nirvivAda rUpa se prameyajJAna ke lie Avazyaka tattva hai| pramANa mAnuSika cintana meM prArambha se racA basA raha kara bhI pRthak zAstra ke rUpa meM bhAratIya naiyAyika akSapAda gautama ke nyAyasUtra (150 I.) meM sarvaprathama parilakSita hotA hai / yadyapi gautama ke nyAyasUtra ke pUrva kaNAda ke vaizeSikasUtra, kapila ke sAMkhyasUtra, bAdarAyaNa ke brahmasUtra evaM jaimini ke mImAMsAsUtra kI racanA ho cukI thii| tathApi pramANacarcA kI dRSTi se gautama ke nyAyasUtra ko anya dArzanikagraMthoM kI apekSA arvAcIna hone para bhI prathama sthAna diyA jAtA hai, kyoMki pramANa isakA pramukha pratipAdya viSaya hai| upaniSad,kauTilya ke arthazAstra evaM carakasaMhitA meM bhI pramANa-zAstrIya sandarbha milate haiM , kintu unakA yaha pramukha pratipAdya nahIM hai / chAndogya upaniSad meM nArada ne sanatkumAra ko vidyA kI lambI sUcI ginAyI hai, usameM vAkovAkya nAmaka vidyA kA ullekha hai 24 jo nyAyavidyA kI dyotaka hai / kauTilIya arthazAstra meM 32 prakAra kI tantrayuktiyoM kA nirUpaNa hai25 jo vAdavidyA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne ina tantrayuktiyoM ke nirmANa kA samaya chaThI zatAbdI I.pU.mAnA hai, kintu isa viSaya meM samasta vidvAn ekamata nahIM haiM / 26 pramANazAstrIya prAsAda ko khar3A karane meM tantrayuktiyoM ke mahattva kA pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne hetuzAstra kI racanAoM meM tantrayuktiyoM ko sarvAdhika prAcIna mAnA hai| suzrutasaMhitA (uttaratantra, adhyAya 65) meM bhI lagabhaga inhIM 32 tantrayuktiyoM kA ullekha hai / carakasaMhitA (siddhisthAna,adhyAya 12.78) meM inakI saMkhyA 21. samyagjJAnapUrvikA puruSArthasiddhiriti tad vyutpAdyate.-nyAyabindu,1.1 22. hitAhitArthasaMprAptityAgayoryanibandhanam / tat pramANaM pravakSyAmi siddhasenArkasUtritam |-nyaayaavtaarsuutrvaartik, zloka 1. 23. Perception, p.8 24. chAndogyopaniSad,7.1.2 25. kauTilIya arthazAstra, adhikaraNa,15, pR.937 26. A History of Indian Logic , p.24 27. A History of Indian Logic, p.25

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA 34 taka pahu~ca gayI hai / uttarakAlIna racanAoM yathA aSTAMgahRdaya evaM aSTAMgasaGgraha meM 36 tantrayuktiyoM kA ullekha hai| kAlamegha ne tantrayuktivicAra nAmaka eka svataMtra kRti kI racanA kI hai|28 carakasaMhitA meM nyAyasUtra kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI se mela khAte hue aneka pramANazAstrIya padoM evaM saMdarbho kA prayoga huA hai,jo nizcita rUpa se carakasaMhitA kA pramANazAstrIya mahattva prakaTa karate haiN| pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna evaM aitihya ke rUpa meM carakasaMhitA cAra pramANoM kI gaNanA karatI hai tathA usameM bhI nyAyasUtra kI bhAMti pratijJA,hetu, udAharaNa,upanaya evaM nigamana ko anumAna ke avayavoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| jalpa,vitaNDA,saMzaya,prayojana,arthApatti,chala,nigrahasthAna Adi kA bhI carakasaMhitA meM prayoga huA hai| bauddha graMtha upAyahRdaya evaM jainAgama anuyogadvArasUtra meM bhI pramANazAstrIya vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| upAyahRdaya kA racayitA kauna hai, yaha abhI nizcita jJAta nahIM hai, kintu use nAgArjuna kI racanA samajhA jAtA hai / upAyahradaya meM vAda-dharmoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, sAtha hI pratyakSa, anumAna,upamAna evaM zabda rUpa caturvidha pramANoM,anekavidha nigrahasthAnoM tathA jAti kA nirUpaNa milatA hai / upalabdha bauddha nyAya graMthoM meM upAyahRdaya ko prAcInatama kahA jA sakatA hai| jI0 TucI kI mAnyatA hai ki akSapAda gautama ke nyAyasUtra kA vyavasthita rUpa upAyahadaya evaM carakasaMhitA kI racanA ke anantara pratiSThita huaa|3deg jainAgama anuyogadvAra sUtra meM bhI gautamIya nyAyadarzana ke pratyakSAdi cAra pramANoM kA ullekha hai tathA pUrvavat , zeSavat evaM dRSTasAdharmyavat rUpa tIna anumAna pramANoM kA vistRta varNana hai / sthAnAMga sUtra meM bhI cAra pramANoM kA hetu' zabda se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / kintu ina AgamoM kA mukhya pratipAdya pramANa sambaddha varNana nahIM rahA / isa prakAra IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI taka pramANazAstra kA vyavasthita prathama graMtha nyAyasUtra pratIta hotA hai / gautama ne SoDaza padArthoM meM pramANa ko prathama sthAna pradAna kiyA hai,kyoMki ve pramANa ko prameya kI siddhi ke lie Avazyaka sopAna mAnate haiN| gautama ke nyAyasUtra para saMbhavataH cauthI zatI meM vAtsyAyana ne nyAyabhASya likhA / vaizeSika sUtra para prazastapAda ne prazastapAdabhASya kI racanA kI,sAMkhyasUtra para yuktidIpikA likhI gayI evaM jaimini sUtroM para zAbarabhASya kI racanA huI / diinAga nAmaka mahAn bauddha naiyAyika ne pramANazAstrIya cintana meM kAyA palaTa kiyaa| unhoMne pramANasamuccaya jaise vizuddha pramANazAstrIya graMtha kI racanA kI jisameM pUrva pracalita nyAya,vaizeSika evaM sAMkhya darzanoM kA khaNDana kiyaa| diinAga kRta khaNDana kA uttara dene ke lie udyotakara ne nyAyabhASya para nyAyavArtika kA nirmANa kiyaa| udyotakara apane vArtika ke 28. tantrayuktiyoM ke vizeSa jJAna hetu draSTavya- R.C. Dwivedi, Concept of the Sastra, Indologica ____taurinensia, Vol.8. 29. Pre- Dignaga Texts, Introduction. pp. 17 and 29 30. Pre-Dignaga Texts, Introduction,p.XXX.

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA prArambha meM katArkikAjJAnanivRttihetaH' ke dvArA diinAga kI ora hI saMketa karate haiM / kumArila bhaTTa ne bhI zlokavArtika kI racanA kara diinAga kA khaNDana kiyA hai| 31 jaina dArzanika mallavAdI ne dvAdazAranayacakra dvArA bauddha-khaNDana meM hAtha bNttaayaa| bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne pramANavArtika kI racanA kara tatkAlIna samasta dArzanikoM para acUka prahAra kiye / isa prakAra pArasparika khaNDana-maNDana dvArA pramANa- zAstroM kI vizAla stara para sarjanA prArambha ho gayI / pArasparika khaNDana ke kAraNa,nyAya vaizeSika,pUrvamImAMsA,jaina evaM bauddha darzanoM meM aneka pramANazAstrIya graMthoM kA nirmANa huA aura yaha paramparA samasta darzanoM meM gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka nirantara gatizIla rhii| usake anantara navyanyAya, jainanyAya Adi ke graMthoM kA nirmANa jArI rahA, kintu bauddhanyAya ke graMthoM kI paramparA bhArata se lupta ho gyii| yahA~ para bauddha evaM jaina pramANamImAMsA kA adhyayana apekSita hai,ataH aba pratyeka kI aitihAsika paramparA kA vihaMgAvalokana kiyA jaayegaa| bauddha-paramparA __ bhAratavarSa meM bauddha darzana kA astitva bhagavAna buddha se lekara gyArahavIM zatI ke Arambha taka rahA jise prasiddha rUsI dArzanika zverabAtskI ( Stcherbatskey) ne tIna samAna kAloM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / 32 prathama kAla 500 I0 pUrva se prathama zatI I.,dvitIya kAla prathama zatI se 500 I. tathA tRtIya kAla 500 I0 se 11 vIM zatI kA prArambha athavA 1000 I. taka nirdhArita kiyA hai| zverabAtskI ke vibhAjana kA AdhAra sampUrNa bauddha darzana evaM usameM hue vaicArika parivartana haiM, kintu yahA~ sampUrNa bauddha darzana kA adhyayana apekSita na hokara mAtra pramANa kA adhyayana apekSita hai, ataH navIna vibhAjana abhISTa hai| bauddha pramANamImAMsA ke pradhAna kendra AcArya diinAga haiM, ataH unheM dRSTigata rakhate hue hama bauddha darzana meM grathita sampUrNa pramANamImAMsA ko do bhAgoM meM rakha sakate haiN| 1- prAg diGnAga pramANamImAMsA (pAMcavIM zatI ke prArambha taka) 2- diGnAga evaM unake sampradAyavartI pramANamImAMsA (pAMcavIM zatI se gyArahavIM zatI taka) diGnAga ke pUrva kA adhyayana kSetra bhI vistRta hai ataH use sauvidhya ke lie punaH do upavibhAgoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM- (1) tripiTakakAlIna evaM (2) tripittkottrvrtii| tripiTakakAlIna pramANamImAMsA sampUrNa tripiTaka sAhitya meM pramANazAstra kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA eka bhI svatantra graMtha nahIM hai| 31. paM0 mahendra kumAra zAstrI ne kumArilabhaTTa (600-680 I.) ko dharmakIrti (620-690 I0) kA pUrva samakAlIna evaM diGanAga kA uttaravartI pratipAdita kiyA hai|-aklnggrnthtry, prastAvanA, pR018-21 32. Buddhist Logic, Vol. 1, p.3

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina - paramparA tripiTakoM meM kahIM kahIM takkI athavA takkika evaM vimaMsI zabdoM kA prayoga avazya huA hai, 33 jo tatkAlIna tArkika logoM ke paricAyaka pratIta hote haiN| vidyAbhUSaNa inheM sophisTa (vitaNDAvAdI) mAnate haiM4 abhidhammapiTaka ke kathAvatthuSpakaraNa (255 I0 pU0 ) meM paTiNNA (pratijJA), upanaya evaM niggaha (nigraha) zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai 35 jo spaSTataH nyAya kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM milate haiN| pAlibhASA meM nAgasena racita milindapaNha nAmaka graMtha kucha aMzoM meM vAda vidyA ke prayogAtmaka rUpa ko prastuta karatA hai, kyoMki isameM milinda rAjA kA nAgasena se vAda-prativAda hotA hai / dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne dharmottarapradIpa kI prastAvanA meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki pAlitripiTaka aise aneka sutta haiM jinameM bhagavAn buddha ne apane virodhiyoM ke mantavyoM kA vividha yuktiyoM se nirAsa kara apane mantavya kI sthApanA kI hai / unhoMne apanI yuktiyoM kA AdhAra vyApti ko nahIM, kintu dRSTAnta ko banAyA hai / dRSTAnta kA tatkAlIna vAdaprakriyA meM vizeSa mahattva thA / jAtyuttaroM meM bhI sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya dRSTAntoM kA prAcIna kAla meM prayoga hotA rahA hai| 36 1 tripiTakoM ke AdhAra para vasubandhu ne abhidharmakoza (7.2-4) meM jJAna ke daza prakAra nirUpita kie haiM, yathA- dharmajJAna, anvayajJAna, saMvRtijJAna, duHkhajJAna, samudayajJAna, nirodhajJAna, mArgajJAna, paracittajJAna, kSayajJAna aura anutpAdajJAna / ina jJAnoM kA pramANamImAMsA ke sAtha AcAryoM ne koI sambandha sthApita nahIM kiyA hai, kintu Age calakara pratyakSa evaM anumAna ke rUpa meM jo do pramANa mAne gae haiM, unameM ina jJAnoM kA samAveza saMbhava hai / 7 saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki tripiTakoM ke racanAkAla taka vAda vidyA kA yatkiJcit prayoga avazya thA, kintu pramANa kA vyavasthita yA zAstrIya svarUpa ubharA nahIM thA / tripiTakottaravartI pramANamImAMsA tripiTakoM ke uttaravartI kAla dvitIyazatI I0 se paMcama zatI I0 meM nAgArjuna, asaGga, vasubandhu Adi pramukha dArzanika hue, jinhoMne tripiTaka sAhitya ke AdhAra para maulika cintana kiyA evaM bhAratIya darzana ko nayI dRSTi pradAna kii| pramANa-cintana ke saMdarbha meM bhI inakA atyadhika mahattva hai, isalie inakA etad viSayaka paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / 33. (1) brahmajAlasutta (dIghanikAya) 1-32 yathA- idhA bhikkhave, ekacco samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA takkI hoti vimaMsI / (2) udAnam - 6.10 - yAva sammA sambuddhA loke nuppajjanti na takkikA sujjhanti na cApi sAvakA, dudiTThI na dukkhA pamuccareti / uddhRta, History of the Mediaeval School of Indian Logic, p.60 34. History of the Mediaeval school of Indian Logic, p. 59 35. kathAvatthuppakaraNa- aTThakathA, pAliTeksTa sosAyaTI, landana, pR0 13 36. (1) dharmottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR0 37-38 (2) vizeSa adhyayana ke lie draSTavya, Jayatilleke, Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, George Allen and Unwin, London, 1963

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8 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA nAgArjuna na kevala bauddha darzana meM apitu sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana meM nAgArjuna kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ve mAdhyamika sampradAya ke saMsthApaka AcArya the / nAgArjuna ne sat, asat ubhaya evaM anubhaya ina cAra koTiyoM se bahirbhUta zUnya tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA / nAgArjuna ke lie na bAhya prameya artha sat hai aura na pramANa sat hai / ve pramANa kA khaNDana kara prameya kA bhI khaNDana kara dete haiM tathA zUnya tattva ko siddha karate haiN| pramANavAda ke sandarbha meM unakI zUnyatA kA artha hai- vaha prajJA jo kisI satya ko Atyantika rUpa se satya nahIM mAnatI / 3 I ,37 nAgArjuna (113-213 I0) 38 kI pramukha racanAeM haiM- (1) mUlamAdhyamikakArikA (2) yukti SaSTikA kArikA (3) vigrahavyAvartanI / (4) vaidalyasUtraprakaraNa Adi / mUlamAdhyamikakArikA mAdhyamika saMpradAya kA prathama graMtha hai| isameM Arya nAgArjuna ne nyAya ke pAribhASika zabdoM kA yadA kadA prayoga kiyA hai yathA- cauthe adhyAya meM 'sAdhyasama' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / 39 yuktiSaSTikA 'yuktiyoM athavA tarka ke sambandha meM sATha kArikAoM kI racanA kI hai| nyAya - zAstra ke sandarbha meM nAgArjuna kI jo kRti prasiddha huI, vaha hai vigrahavyAvartanI / vigrahavyAvartanI kI viSayavastu ko pramANa - zAstra ke sandarbha meM jAnanA upAdeya hai I vigrahavyAvartanI - yaha graMtha pramANavAdiyoM ke tarkoM kA upasthApana kara unakA AmUla khaNDana karatA hai / nAgArjuna ne saMbhavataH gautamIya nyAyasUtra meM praNIta pramANacarcA ko hI apane khaNDana kA lakSya banAyA hai, kyoMki ve grantha ke prArambhika zlokoM meM nyAyasammata cAra pramANoM (pratyakSa, anumAna, zabda evaM upamAna) kA upasthApana karate haiM tathA phira pramANa ko jar3a se utpATita karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| 40 nAgArjuna kA tarka hai ki ina cAra pramANoM se yadi dharma yA artha kA astitva siddha hotA hai to ina pramANoM ko kisa pramANa se siddha kiyA jAyegA ? yadi ye anya pramANa se siddha haiM to anavasthA doSa AtA hai, kyoMki phira usa pramANa ke lie bhI anya pramANa kI kalpanA karanI hogI, aura yadi ye pramANa agni kI bhAMti svataH prakAzaka haiM to agni svataH prakAzaka nahIM hotI, usakA apane ko prakAzita karane kA svabhAva aMdhakAra meM bhI honA caahie| yadi prameya kI siddhi binA pramANoM ke ho jAtI hai to unako siddha karane hetu pramANa kA upayoga nirarthaka hai / isa prakAra nAgArjuna ko pramANa 41 37. "Epistemlogically emptiness is Prajna, an unattached insight that no truth is absolute ly true." -Nagarjuna's Twelve Gate Treatise, p. 14, 38. DaoN. satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne nAgArjuna kA samaya 300 I0 mAnA hai -- History of the Mediaeval School of Indian Logic, pp. 68-69 39. vigrahe yaH parIhAraM kRte zUnyatayA vadet sarvaM tasyAparihRtaM samaM sAdhyena jAyate // 40. draSTavya, vigrahavyAvartanI, zloka 30 se 51 / 41. yadi ca prameyasiddhinapeikSyaiva bhavati pramANAni / kiM te pramANasiddhyA tAni yadarthaM prasiddhaM tat // - vigrahavyAvartanI, 44

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA kI sattA mAnya nahIM hai / ve to zUnya meM hI satya kA darzana karate haiM / isalie unhoMne kahA hai- "yadi manuSya zUnya meM vizvAsa karatA hai to vaha pratyeka vastu meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura yadi manuSya zUnya meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA to vaha kisI bhI vastu meM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa|"42 vaidalyasUtra prakaraNa ko bhI nAgArjuna kI racanA mAnA gayA hai| isakA apara nAma pramANaviheThana athavA pramANavidhvaMsana hai / yaha graMtha bhI vigrahavyAvartanI kI bhAMti pramANa kA khaNDana karatA hai / isakA tibbatI anuvAda milatA hai / saMskRta meM yaha anupalabdha hai| upAyahRdaya-cInI srotoM se upalabdha upAyahRdaya yA upAyakauzalahRdaya graMtha 43 ko kucha vidvAn nAgArjuna kI racanA mAnate haiM, kintu upAyahRdaya kA aMtaraMga adhyayana karane para spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha nAgArjuna kI racanA nahIM ho sakatI,kyoMki nAgArjuna pramANa virodhI the jabaki upAyahadaya meM pramANoM kA binA khaNDana kie vistRta nirUpaNa hai| ___ prAcIna pramANazAstrIya vidyA meM upAyahRdaya kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai / jI. TucI ke anusAra isake do bAra cInI bhASA meM anuvAda hue haiN| pahalA anuvAda buddhabhadra ne kiyA thA jo anupalabdha hai tathA dUsarA anuvAda kikiyAye ne kiyA hai jo abhI upalabdha hai / isa grantha kA jApAnI bhASA meM anuvAda uI ne kiyA hai / unhoMne isakA saMpAdana evaM vivecana karate hue carakasaMhitA se isakI tulanA kI hai| ___ upAyahadaya ke prathama prakaraNa meM gautamIya nyAya ke cAra pramANoM kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai 44 tathA unameM pratyakSa pramANa ko isalie zreSTha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ,kyoMki anya tIna pramANa pratyakSa ke Azrita rahate haiN| 45 pratyakSa meM kisa prakAra bhrama ho sakatA hai ise upAyahradaya meM sodAharaNa samajhAyA hai| anumAna ke pUrvavat, zeSavat evaM sAmAnyatodRSTa tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM 46 tathA unakA vistRta nirUpaNa hai| upAyahRdaya meM ina ATha hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa hai-vAkchala, sAmAnyachala, saMzayasama, kAlAtIta, prakaraNasama, varNyasama, savyabhicAra evaM viruddha / prathama prakaraNa ke prArambha meM vAda kA 42. prabhavati ca zUnyateyaM yasya prabhavanti tasya sarvArthAH / prabhavati na tasya kicitra prabhavati zUnyatA yasya ||- vigrahavyAvartanI,70 43.G. Tucci ne apanI pustaka Pre-Dinnaga Buddhist texts on Logic from Chinese sources,meM cInI srotoM se bauddha nyAya ke cAra prAcIna graMtha upalabdha karAye haiM-upAyahRdaya, tarkazAstra, zatazAstra evaM vigrahavyAvartana inameM prAraMbhika do saMskRta meM anUdita hai tathA anya do kA aMgrejI anuvAda upalabdha karAyA gayA hai / inameM upAyahRdaya evaM vigrahavyAvartanI ko nAgArjuna kI, tarkazAstra ko vasubandhu kI tathA zatazAstra ko nAgArjuna evaM Aryadeva kI racanA mAnA gayA hai| 44. atha katividhaM pramANam ? caturvidhaM pramANam / pratyakSamanumAnamupamAnamAgamazceti / - upAyahRdaya, pR. 13 45. caturyu pramANeSu pratyakSa zreSTham / kutaH punaH pratyakSa zreSThamiti cedapareSAM trayANAM pramANAnAM pratyakSopajIvakatvAccheSTham / -upAyahadaya, pR013 46. anumAna trividhaM pUrvavat zeSavat sAmAnyatodRSTaM ca / - upAyahRdaya, pR0 13 47. upAyahRdaya, pR. 14

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 48 prayojana evaM mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai tathA phira ATha prakAra ke vAda dharmoM kA nirUpaNa hai / ve ATha vAda dharma haiM- dRSTAnta, siddhAnta, vAkyaprazaMsA, vAkyadoSa, pramANa, prAptakAlavAkya hetvAbhAsa aura vAkchala / 'ina ATha hI vAdadharmoM meM se pratyeka kA bhedopabheda pUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| upAyaha meM vAda kA prArambha saddharma kI rakSA ke lie kiye jAne kA vidhAna hai na ki prasiddhi arjita karane ke lie / 49 10 dvitIya prakaraNa meM vibhinna prakAra ke nigraha sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai| nigrahasthAnoM ko isameM vAda mahAkaNTaka evaM duHkharUpa batAyA gayA hai tathA unakA zIghra nivAraNa karane kA parAmarza diyA gayA hai / 5deg tRtIya prakaraNa meM nigrahasthAna pUrvaka prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA caturtha prakaraNa meM jAti kA vivecana huA hai| isa prakAra pramANazAstra evaM vAdavidyA kI dRSTi se upAyahRdaya prAcIna bauddha racanAoM meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai / maitreya (300 I0) yogAcAra darzana ke saMsthApaka AcArya maitreya ne vijJAnavAda se sambaddha aneka kRtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA jinameM bodhisattvacaryAnirdeza, saptadazAbhUmizAstra, yogAcArya evaM abhisamayAlaMkArikA pramukha haiN| inameM saptadazA bhUmizAstra graMtha vAdavidyA kI sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai / isa graMtha meM vAda viSaya, vAdAdhikaraNa, vAda karaNa Adi kA nirUpaNa hai, sAtha hI ATha prakAra ke pramANoM kA nirUpaNa hai / ve ATha pramANa haiM- siddhAnta, hetu, udAharaNa, sAdharmya, vaidharmya, pratyakSa, anumAna evaM Agama / vAda se sambaddha anya sAmragI meM vAdakartA kI vizeSatAoM, nigrahasthAna, sabhA Adi kA nirUpaNa hai / I maitreya ke anusAra sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie pratijJA ko hetu evaM do udAharaNoM kA samarthana milanA cAhie | maitreya ne gautama praNIta upamAnapramANa kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| 51 asaGga (350 I0) I asaGga bauddha vijJAnavAda ke pratiSThita AcArya evaM vasubandhu ke jyeSTha bhrAtA the / ye 350 I0 meM vidyamAna rahe hoMge, aisA zrI rAhulasAMkRtyAyana kA mata hai / 52 AcArya asaGga ne 12 kRtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA, jinameM adhikatara abhI bhI cInI evaM tibbatI anuvAdoM meM surakSita haiM / inake pramukha jJAta graMthoM meM mahAyAnottarataMtra, sUtrAlaGkAra, yogAcArabhUmi, bodhisattva-piTakAvavAda kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / asaMga ke nyAya kA saMkSipta sAra unake prakaraNAryavAcA ke gyArahaveM khaNDa meM milatA hai| 53 48. upAyahRdaya, pR. 5 49. vAdArambhopi tathaivAdhunA saddharmarakSaNecchayA na tu khyAtilAbhAya / - upAyahRdaya, pR. 4 50. etAni nigrahasthAnAni vAdasya mahAkaNTakAni gambhIraduHkhAni jJeyAni drutaM ca heyAni / - upAyahRdaya, pR0 19 51. draSTavya, A History of Indian Logic, p. 263-265 52. darzana - digdarzana, pR0 705 53. A History of Indian Logic, p. 265

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA asaGga kI kRti yogAcArabhUmizAstra ne vizeSa prasiddhi arjita kI,ataH vijJAnavAda ko yogAcAra darzana ke nAma se hI jAnA gyaa| asaGga ke samaya taka nyAya kA vizeSa vikAsa nahIM huA thaa| ve yogAcArabhUmizAstra meM pratyakSa, anumAna, evaM Agama ye tIna pramANa svIkAra karate haiM, tathA pratijJA,hetu evaM dRSTAnta ina tIna ko anumAna kA avayava aGgIkAra karate haiN|54 asaGga ke yogAcArabhUmizAstra evaM prakaraNAryavAcAzAstra meM vAda, vAdAdhikaraNa, vAdAdhiSThAna, vAdAlaMkAra,vAdanigraha,vAdanissaraNa,vAdabahukAradharma Adi kA bhI nirUpaNa hai jo vAdavidyA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / 55 vasubandhu ___ asaGga ke choTe bhrAtA vasubandhu kA janma gAMdhAra rAjya ke puruSapura nagara meM huA thaa| ye prArambha meM vaibhASika the,kintu asaMga ke dvArA yogAcAra (vijJAnavAda) meM dIkSita kara diye gye|56 ataH inhoMne vaibhASika evaM yogAcAra donoM sampradAyoM me lekhana kArya kiyaa| paramArtha ne inakA samaya 316 I. se 396 I0 pratipAdita kiyA hai / bhAratIya evaM cInI vidvAnoM ne vasubandhu ko bodhisattva kahA hai / vasubandhu kI aneka racanAeM haiM, jinameM pramukha haiM- (1) abhidharmakoza evaM bhASya (2) viMzikA (3) triMzikA (4) madhyAntavibhaMgabhASya (5) trisvabhAvanirdeza (6) paMcaskandhaprakaraNa (7) karmasiddhiprakaraNa evaM (8) vaadvidhi| inameM nyAyazAstra se sambandhita racanA vAdavidhi hai| 58 satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne tarkazAstra nAmaka graMtha ko bhI vasubandhu kI racanA batalAyA hai jo spaSTataH nyAyazAstra kI carcA se yukta hai| vizikA evaM triMzikA ko vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / yaha vijJAnavAda kA vizada vivecana karatI hai / prastuta prasaMga meM vAdavidhi evaM tarkazAstra kA paricaya apekSita hai / vAdavidhi- tatkAlIna vAdavidyA kA sampUrNa citra vasubandhu kI racanA vAdavidhi meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| kisI tarka ke prAmANya kA nirdhAraNa kaise ho, isakA vAdavidhi meM sundara citraNa hai| paMcAvayavoM meM se upanaya evaM nigamana ke atirikta tIna avayavoM (pratijJA, hetu evaM dRSTAnta) ko isameM sthAna diyA gayA hai / diGnAga kI pramANasamuccayavRtti evaM jinendrabuddhi kI TIkA meM vAdavidhi ke kucha aMza hai / vAdavidhi kA aMgrejI anuvAda sTIphana enekara kI pustaka sevana varksa Apa vasubandhu (Seven works of Vasubandhu) meM upalabdha hai| 54. Pre-Dignaga Texts, Introduction , pp. 17 & 19 55. Pre- Dignaga Texts,Introduction, p. 16 56. I. phrAuvAlanara do vasubandhu svIkAra karate haiN|- dhottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR0 45 / 57. DaoN. mahezativArI ne vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi kI bhUmikA pR0 4 para vasubandhu kI 32 racanAoM ke nAmoM kI gaNanA kI hai| 58. havenasAMga (sAtavIM zatAbdI I0) ne vasubandhu kI vAdavidyA se sambandhita tIna kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM do __ abhI taka anupalabdha hai, ve haiM 1. vAdamArga aura 2. vAdakauzala / 48. A History of Indian Logic, pp. 267-268

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA tarkazAstra - kucha cInI vidvAnoM evaM satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne tarkazAstra ko bhI vasubandhu kI racanA ThaharAyA hai| tarkazAstra kA paramArtha (530 I) ne cInI anuvAda kiyA thA, jisakA punaH saMskRta uddhAra jI0 TucI ne apane graMtha prI diDnAga buddhisTa TeksTa Ana lAjika phrAma cAinIja sArsesa (Pre Dinnaga Buddhist texts on Logic from Chinese sources) meM kiyA hai / paramArtha ne tarkazAstra para eka TIkA bhI likhI thI, kintu vaha lupta ho cukI hai| 12 tarkazAstra meM tIna prakaraNa haiN| prathama prakaraNa anyAyya vacana para hai, dvitIya prakaraNa jAti para tathA tRtIya prakaraNa nigrahasthAna para hai / jAti vivecana ke sambandha meM vAdavidhi evaM tarkazAstra meM kAphI sAmya hai| bauddha sammata rUpya hetu kA sarvaprathama ullekha tarkazAstra meM milatA hai| isameM pakSadharma, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSavyAvRtti rUpa trilakSaNa hetu kA spaSTa nirdeza hai / 6deg isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki hetu ke trairUpya kI kalpanA dinAga se prAcIna hai| tarkazAstra meM hetu kA vizada varNana hai / prativAdI ke praznoM ko uThAkara hetu kA yathArtha svarUpa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| prArambha meM hetu ke do bheda kiye gaye haiMutpattihetu evaM vyaMjana hetu / ' 61 63 jisa prakAra gautama praNIta nyAyasUtra meM 22 prakAra ke nigrahasthAnoM kA varNana hai usI prakAra tarkazAstra meM unhIM 22 prakAra ke nigrahasthAnoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| 62 donoM ke nAmoM meM koI antara nahIM hai / tarkazAstra meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki yadi kisI ko nigrahasthAna prApta ho jAya to usake sAtha vAda nahIM karanA cAhie / khaNDana meM tIna prakAra ke doSa batalAe gae haiM- viparItakhaNDana, asatkhaNDana,evaM viruddhakhaNDana / ye tarka athavA vAda kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / 64 yadi khaNDana ina tIna doSoM se yukta hotA hai to nigrahasthAna mAnA jAtA hai| hetu ke samAna trividha hetvAbhAsoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| hetvAbhAsoM ke nAma hai- asiddha, anaikAtika evaM viruddha / isa prakAra tarkazAstra meM 65 vAdavidyA ke sAtha-sAtha pramANavidyA kA bhI acchA nirUpaNa hai| diGnAga evaM unakA sampradAya (5 vIM zatI se 11 vIM zatI) I paramArthataH bauddha pramANavAda kA vyavasthApana dinAga se Arambha hotA hai / diDnAga kA bhAratIya pramANazAstra ke vikAsa meM mahAn yogadAna hai; kyoMki diGnAga ke anantara hI nyAya, mImAMsA, jaina Adi darzanoM meM pramANamImAMsA ke sambandha meM gaharA UhApoha huA / dekhA jAya to vizuddha rUpa se pramANazAstra para diDnAga ke pUrva koI graMtha nahIM racA gyaa| gautama praNIta nyAyasUtra meM bhI pramANacarcA 60. asmAbhistrilakSaNo hetuH sthApitaH / tadyathA pakSadharmma: sapakSasattvaM vipakSavyAvRttizca / - tarkazAstra, pR. 13 61. dvividho hetu: / utpattihetu: vyaJjanahetuzca: / tarkazAstra, pR. 18 62. tulanIya, tarkazAstra, pR0 33 63. yadi kasyacinnigrahasthAnApattirbhavet, na punastena saha vAdaH kartavya : :- tarkazAstra, pR0 33 64. khaNDanasya trividhadoSApattiH viparItakhaNDanamasatkhaNDanaM viruddhakhaNDanazceti / yadi khaNDanametatrividhadoSopetaM tadA nigrahasthAnam / - tarkazAstra, pR0 12 65. asiddho'naikAntiko viruddhaceti hetvAbhAsAH / - tarkazAstra, pR0 40

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA ke sAtha prameya carcA kA aMza adhika thaa| diinAga ne pramANasamuccaya nAmaka vizuddha pramANazAstrIya graMtha kI racanA kara anya dArzanikoM ke lie cunautIpUrNa kArya kiyaa| __satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne sampUrNa bhAratIya nyAyazAstra ko tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai- prAcIna nyAya, madhyakAlIna nyAya evaM Adhunika nyAya / prAcIna-nyAya kA AdhArave gautama praNIta nyAyasUtra ko banAte haiM, navya-nyAya kA AdhAra gaMgeza kI tattvacintAmaNi ko svIkAra karate haiM to madhyakAlIna nyAya kI sampUrNa bAgaDora bauddha naiyAyika diGnAga evaM jaina naiyAyika siddhasena ko sauMpate haiM / 66 / bauddha darzana kA bhAratIya pramANazAstra ke vikAsa meM jo yogadAna rahA hai usakA zreya diinAga evaM unakI sampradAya ko jAtA hai / bhagavAn buddha ke pazcAt bauddha dharma hInayAna evaM mahAyAna zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| hInayAna zAkhA ke samarthaka vaibhASika evaM sautrAntika sampradAya the tathA mahAyAna zAkhA ke samarthaka yogAcAra evaM mAdhyamika sampradAya the| vaibhASika evaM sautrAntika sampradAya ke AcArya pramANamImAMsIya zAstroM ke nirmANa kI ora unmukha nahIM hue / unakA pramukha dhyeya tattvamImAMsIya zAstra evaM unakI vyAkhyAoM kI ora rhaa| mahAyAna zAkhA ne pramANamImAMsA meM kuzalatApUrvaka bhAga liyaa| mAdhyamika sampradAya ne pramANa kA utpATana kiyA to yogAcAra sampradAya ne pramANa ko sthiratA pradAna kii| mAdhyamika sampradAya ke saMsthApaka AcArya nAgArjuna ne gautama praNIta nyAya athavA pramANa kA anaucitya pratipAdita kara usa para aisA prahAra kiyA ki nAgArjuna ke pazcAt lambe samaya taka bauddha darzana meM pramANa para vicAra hI nahIM huaa|kaalaantr meM yogAcAra sampradAya ke vasubandhu evaM diinAga ne phira bauddha darzana meM pramANavidyA kI sthApanA kI / dharmakIrti, dharmottara Adi ne use pallavita kiyA,kintu mAdhyamika sampradAya meM zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ke atirikta kisI bhI AcArya ne pramANamImAMsA meM sakriya rUpa se bhAga nahIM liyaa| diGnAga sampradAya meM diinAga ke atirikta dharmakIrti, dharmottara,arcaTa,prajJAkaragupta zAntarakSita, kamalazIla, durvekamizra, jJAnazrImitra, ratnakIrti, mokSAkaragupta Adi pramukha haiN| zverabAtskI ne bauddha-nyAya meM diGnAga evaM dharmakIrti ke dvArA pratipAdita nyAya evaM pramANamImAMsA kA hI samAveza kiyA hai / 67 zcerabAtsakI zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ko mUlataH mAdhyamika sampradAya kA AcArya mAnate haiM, tathA diGnAga nyAya ko Age baDhAne ke kAraNa inako mAdhyamika yogAcAra athavA mAdhyamika sautrAntika sampradAya meM rakhate haiN| 68 / ___yaha spaSTa hai ki bauddhanyAya athavA pramANamImAMsA kA sarvAdhika vikAsa mahAyAna zAkhA ke yogAcAra sampradAya meM huA / ekamAtra vijJAna ko hI sat mAnane ke kAraNa isa sampradAyako vijJAnavAda 66. A History of Indian Logic,pp. 23 & 158 67. Buddhist Logic, Vol. I, p.1 68. Buddhist Logic, Vol, I, p.45

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA bhI kahA jAtA hai| vasubandhu, diGnAga, dharmakIrti Adi samasta mUrdhanya dArzanika isI sampradAya meM hue,kintu sUkSmadRSTi se adhyayana karane para yaha bhalIbhA~ti vidita hotA hai ki bauddha pramANavAda vizuddha vijJAnavAda kI dena nahIM hai / diGnAga, dharmakIrti, dharmottara Adi samasta bauddha naiyAyika bAhya artha kI bhI sattA svIkAra kara pramANa vyavasthA kA sthApana karate haiM, ataH vijJAnavAda ke vyAkhyAkAra vijJAnavAdiyoM ko do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta karate haiM - AgamAnuyAyI evaM yuktynuyaayii|69 AcArya asaMga, vasubandhu Adi ko ve AgamAnuyAyI zreNI meM sthApita karate haiM,kyoMki ye saptabhUmizAstra evaM aSTaprakaraNA-di zAstroM kA anusaraNa karate hue apane mata kI sthApanA karate haiM tathA aSTavijJAna ke siddhAnta ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM / diinAga, dharmakIrti Adi AcAryoM kI paramparA ko ve yuktyanuyAyI zreNI meM rakhate hai,kyoMki ye AcArya AlayavijJAna evaM kliSTa manovijJAna kI sattA nahIM mAnakara yukti kA anusaraNa karate haiN| __zverabAtskI diGnAga,dharmakIrti Adi dArzanikoM ko vizuddha vijJAnavAdI nahIM mAnate,unheM unameM sautrAntika bauddhoM ke bhI lakSaNa dikhAI par3ate haiM,ataH ve ina dArzanikoM ko sautrAntika-yogAcAra nAmaka nayI zreNI meM sthApita karate haiN| 70 dharmendranAtha zAstrI ne bhI isakA samarthana kiyA hai| dAsaguptA ne diinAga ko vaibhASika yA sautrAntika sampradAya meM rakhA hai / sAtakaDi mukarjI ne isa sampradAya ko diGnAga-sampradAya hI kahA hai| zrInivAsa zAstrI ne ise bauddha darzana kA nyAyavAdI sampradAya mAnA hai|72 prAcIna bauddha dArzanika durvekamizra evaM prAcIna prasiddha dArzanika vAcaspatimizra inheM sautrAntika mAnate haiN|73 ___ vastutaH diGnAga sampradAya ke dArzanikoM ne pramANamImAMsA kA pratipAdana vijJAnavAda ke anusAra gauNa rUpa se evaM bAhyArthavAda kI apekSA pramukha rUpa se kiyA hai| prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa (pramANavArtika 17) pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam'(pramANavArtika,13)Adi kathanoM ke sAtha pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM abhrAnta' pada,pratyakSa-bhedoM meM indriya-pratyakSa evaM mAnasapratyakSa, svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa rUpa bAhya prameya Adi kA pratipAdana bAhyArtha ko svIkAra karane kA hI saMketaka hai / dharmakIrti ne vaise pramANavArtika meM vijJaptimAtratA kA vicAra karate samaya svasaMvedana ko hI upacAra se arthavedana kahA hai-svavidapyarthavinmatA (pramANavArtika ,2.350) / 69. bauddhavijJAnavAdaH cintana evaM yogadAna, bhUmikA, pR06 70. Buddhist Logic, Vol., 1,p. 529 71.Critique of Indian Realism, pp. 60-61 72. (6) AHistory of Indian Philosophy, Vol, 1,p.120 (ii) The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal flux, p.273 (iii) vAcaspatimizra dvArA bauddha-darzana kA vivecana, pR. 40-42 73. (i) dharmottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR.58 / / (ii) vAcaspati mizra dvArA bauddha-darzana kA vivecana, pR. 37-38

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA hama yahAM para diinAga dharmakIrti,dharmottara,prajJAkaragupta,arcaTa,zAntarakSita,kamalazIla,durvekamizra Adi samasta bauddha naiyAyikoM ko kiJcit mAnyatA bheda hote hue bhI diGnAga-sampradAya meM rakhakara samasta bauddha pramANamImAMsA ko diGnAga kI sampradAya kA aMga smjheNge| diGnAga (470 se 530 I0) ___diGnAga bauddha-nyAya athavA bauddha pramANa-zAstra ke pitA the| tibbatiyoM ne unako jambUdvIpa kA alaMkAra kahA hai| satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa Adi vidvAnoM ne diGnAga ko na kevala bauddha nyAya kA pitA kahA hai,apitu unheM madhyakAlIna bhAratIya nyAyazAstra kA janmadAtA mAnA hai|75 diGnAga kAJcI meM paidA hue,kintu unake samaya ke sambandha meM aneka vipratipattiyAM rhii| AcArya rAhala sAMkRtyAyana ne unheM 425 I. tathA 76 I0 phrAuvAlanara ne (draSTavya - landmarks)unheM 480 se 540 I.,ke madhya siddha kiyA hai / masAkI hattaur3I kucha saMzodhana ke sAtha unakA kAla 470 se 530 I. siddha karate haiN|77 I0 phrAuvAlanara dvArA nirdhArita samaya adhika pracalana meM rahA hai, kintu jaina dArzanika mallavAdI jinhoMne apanI kRti dvAdazAranayacakra meM diGnAga mantavyoM ko zabdazaH uddhRta kiyA hai,kI prazasti unheM isase bhI pUrva le jAtI hai| kyoMki prazasti mallavAdI ko vikrama saM0 414 (357 I0) meM nirdhArita karatI hai| diGnAga ke pUrva gautama ke nyAyasUtra para vAtsyAyana dvArA bhASya raca diyA gayA thA,kintu bhASya kA pratidvandvI nyAya kA koI graMtha nahIM thaa| diinAga ne use naI dizA dI,tathA bauddha vijJAnavAdI dRSTi se sautrAntika dRSTi kA bhI samAveza karate hue nyAya kI navIna prasthApanA kii| yadi diinAga apanI nyAyaviSayaka racanA na karate to nyAyazAstra kA jo vizAla sAhitya racA gayA hai saMbhavataH vaha na racA jAtA / diinAga ne nyAyazAstra ke phailAva meM cinagArI kA kAma kiyaa| diGnAga kI nyAyaviSayaka avadhAraNAoM,cintanAoM evaM prasthApanAoM ko pratyuttarita karane ke lie nyAyadarzana meM udyotakara, mImAMsAdarzana meM kumArilabhaTTa evaM prabhAkara guru jaina darzana meM mallavAdI jaise viziSTa AcAryoM ne vistRta, gahana evaM yuktipUrNa racanAoM ko janma diyaa| basa phira kyA thA, dhIre dhIre sabhI darzanoM meM nyAya yA pramANazAstra ke sthApana kI dRSTi vikasita hotI gaI aura pArasparika khaNDana-maNDana tathA vAda ke dvArA pramANazAstrIya graMthoM kA nirmANa hotA calA gyaa| bauddhAcArya diGnAga jAti se brAhmaNa the| unake prathama guru vAtsIputrIya nAgadatta the evaM dvitIya 74. tibbatI vidvAnoM ne nAgArjuna,Aryadeva, asaMga, vasubandha, diGnAga evaM dharmakIrti ina chaha mAratIya dArzanikoM ko jambUdvIpa kA alaMkAra (Ornaments of Jambudvip) mAnA hai|- Shastri D.N., Critique of Indian Realism p.1. 75. A History of Indian Logic, p. 270 76.(1) darzana -digdarzana, pR0740 (2) baladeva upAdhyAya 345-425 I0 kA kAla mAnate haiM, |-bauddhdrshn mImAMsA, pR0 204 77. Dignaga, On perception, Introduction, p.2

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16 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA guru vijJAnavAdI vasubandhu the / unakA udaya bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa meM eka mahAnatama ghaTanA thii| nyAyazAstra para racita unakI pramukha racanAeM hai-(1) Alambana parIkSA(2)trikAlaparIkSA(3)hetucakra samarthana (hetu cakra-hamarU)(4) nyAyamukha (nyAyadvAra) (5)pramANasamuccaya (savRtti) aura (6)hetumukha inameM se abhI taka pramANasamuccaya kA pratyakSa pariccheda evaM Alambana parIkSA hI saMskRta bhASA meM anUdita ho pAe haiM / nyAyapraveza bhI saMskRta meM upalabdha hai, kintu ise diDnAga athavA unake ziSya zaMkarasvAmI kI racanA samajhA jAtA hai / ina tInoM racanAoM kA paricaya Age prastuta hai / anya racanAeM cInI yA tibbatI bhASA meM surakSita haiN| pramANa-samuccaya-dinAga kI yaha utkRSTa evaM sarvAdhika prasiddha racanA hai| isameM nyAyazAstra athavA pramANavidyA kA samyak nirUpaNa hai| madhyakAlIna-nyAya kA vikAsa isI para kendrita hai| mImAMsA,nyAya,jaina Adi darzanoM meM jo nyAyavidyA kA vikAsa huA hai,vaha diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya para avalambita hai / diinAga kA pramANasamuccaya nahIM hotA to saMbhava hai nyAya evaM mImAMsA darzanoM meM udyotakara va kumArilabhaTTa jaise tArkikoM kI racanAoM kA udaya nahIM hotA,kyoMki diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya kA khaNDana karane ke lie hI udyotakara evaM kumArila bhaTTa ne kramazaH nyAyavArtika evaM zlokavArtika kA nirmANa kiyaa| mallavAdI ke dvAdazAniyacakra evaM siMhasUri kI nyAyAgamAnusAriNI TIkA meM bhI pramANasamuccaya kA khaNDana huaa| diinAga kA pramANasamuccaya bauddhetara dArzanikoM ke lie eka cunautI thaa| isameM nyAya,vaizeSika,mImAMsA evaM sAMkhya darzanoM kA khaNDana to kiyA hI gayA hai, kintu apane pUrvavartI bauddha dArzanika vasubandhu ke pratipAdana kA bhI yathAvasara khaNDana kara maulika pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, isalie pramANasamuccaya bhAratIya pramANavidyA kI eka advitIya kRti kahI jA sakatI hai| pramANasamuccaya kA saMskRta mUla upalabdha nahIM hai,kintu usakA tibbatI anuvAda beMgUra kalekzansa (Bstanhgyur Collections) meM surakSita hai| isake pratyakSa pariccheda ko punaH saMskRta meM lAne kA prayAsa do vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai| prathama prayAsa eca0 Ara0 raMgAsvAmI ayaMgara ne kiyA / unhoMne pramANasamuccaya (Pramanasamuccaya)nAmaka pustaka meM pratyakSa pariccheda kA saMskRta anuvAda prastuta kiyA jo maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, maisUra se san 1930 I. meM prakAzita huaa| unhoMne pramANasamuccaya ke sAtha diGnAga kI svavRtti ko to diyA hI hai, kintu usase sambandhita sthaloM ko nyAyavArtika, nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA , tatvArtharAjavArtika , sanmatitarkaprakaraNaTIkA , tatvasaMgra78. (i) inake atirikta bauddha dharma-darzana para unakI anya racanAeM haiM (ii) abhidharmakozamarmapradIpa (2) aSTasahasrikAprajJApAramitA Adi (ii) masAkI hattaur3I neThe Tohoka Catalogue of the Tibetan Bstanhgyur nAmaka tibbatI keTalAga ke AdhAra para 22 granthoM kI sUcI dI hai|-drssttvy, Dignaga, on perception, Introduction, p.6 79. Dignaga, On perception., Introduction, p.6

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA hapajikA, zlokavArtika Adi graMthoM se tulanA hetu uddhRta bhI kiyA hai| yatra tatra jinendrabuddhi kI vizAlAmalavatI TIkA bhI dI hai / dvitIya prayAsa jApAnI vidvAn masAkI hattauDI ne san 1968 I0 meM kiyA |unhoNne dignAga Ana parsepzana (Dignaga, on perception) nAmaka apanI pustaka meM tibbatI anuvAda,saMskRta rUpAntara ke sAtha aMgrejI anuvAda tathA AlocanAtmaka vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai jisakA prakAzana,1968 I. meM hArvarDa vizvavidyAlaya presa,kembrija,masAcuseTsa se huA hai| inase pUrva rANDale ne nyAyavArtika evaM usakI TIkA se diGnAga ke graMthoM ke kucha aMza phregameNTsa phrAma diGnAga (Fragments from Dignaga) meM saMkalita kiye the jinakA prakAzana 1926 I. meM rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI,landana se huA thA / muni jambUvijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita evaM gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrija meM prakAzita candrAnandavRtti yukta vaizeSikasUtra meM pramANasamuccaya ke pratyakSa, svArthAnumAna, parArthAnumAna evaM dRSTAnta paricchedoM kA vaizeSika mata kI parIkSA se sambaddha tibbatI anuvAda prakAzita huA hai / isake atirikta pramANasamuccaya,usakI vRtti evaM vizAlAmalavatI TIkA ke vaizaSikamata se saMbaddha aMzoM ko saMskRta meM bhI diyA gayA hai,jo diGnAga ke adhyayana ke lie mahattvapUrNa haiM / jambUvijayajI dvArA hI saMpAdita jaina graMtha dvAdazAranayacakra meM bhI pramANasamuccaya ke prathama cAra paricchedoM kA kucha aMza saMskRta evaM tibbatI bhASA meM prakAzita huA hai,jo diGnAga ke adhyayana hetu upAdeya hai |iske prathama bhAga kA prakAzana AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara gujarAta dvArA san 1966 I0 meM kiyA gayA thaa|uske anantara vahAM se hI isake do anya bhAga aura prakAzita ho cuke pramANasamuccaya meM kula chaha pariccheda haiM / (1) pratyakSa (2) svArthAnumAna,(3) parArthAnumAna,(4) dRSTAnta (5) apoha evaM (6) jAti / pramANasamuccaya kI sampUrNa viSaya vastu kA anumAna isake paricchedavibhAjana se hI ho jAtA hai ki isameM pramANamImAMsA kA sarvAMga vivecana huA hai / upalabdha pratyakSa-pariccheda meM kalpanApoDha jJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa kahA gayA hai tathA vasubandhu sAMkhya evaM nyAyadarzana meM pratipAdita pratyakSa-lakSaNoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| diGlAga do hI pramANa svIkAra karate haiM-pratyakSa aura anumAna / kyoMki unake anusAra do hI prameya haiM--svalakSaNa aura sAmAnya lakSaNa / pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya svalakSaNa hai evaM anumAna pramANa kA viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa / dvAdazAranayacakra meM prApta svArthAnumAnapariccheda evaM parArthAnumAna paricchedoM ke anusAra diinAga trirUpaliGga se anumeya artha kA jJAna hone ko svArthAnumAna evaM svadRSTa artha ke prakAzana ko parArthAnumAna kahate haiN| apoha dvArA zabda se vivakSA kA jJAna mAnanA diinAga 80.atra pramANa dvividhameva / kutazcet / dvilakSaNaM prameyaM svisAmAnyalakSaNAcyAM bhitralakSaNaM prameyAntaraM naasti| -pramANasamuccayavRtti, pR.4 81. (i) tatra svArtha virUpAlliGgato'rthadak / dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhoTapariziSTa, pR. 122 (ii) parArthamanumAnaM tu svadRSTArthaprakAzanam / dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhoTapariziSTa, pR. 125

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18 kI maulika dena hai / pramANasamuccaya para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gyiiN| svayaM diDnAga ne usa para vRtti kI racanA kI thI, kintu vaha bhI pramANasamuccaya ke samAna tibbatI anuvAda meM surakSita hai| budona ke anusAra Izvarasena ne bhI pramANasamuccaya para vyAkhyA likhI thI, kintu vaha samprati anupalabdha hai / 82 prasiddha bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne pramANasamuccaya para 'pramANavArtika' nAmaka vArtika graMtha kI racanA kI thI jo samprati saMskRta meM upalabdha hai evaM bauddha pramANa - zAstra kA pratinidhi graMtha hai| jinendrabuddhi ne pramANasamuccaya para vizAlAmalavatI nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI thI jo tibbatI anuvAda meM hI surakSita hai / usake kucha aMza jambUvijaya jI dvArA saMpAdita vaizeSikasUtra meM avazya milate haiN| masAkI hatauDI evaM ayaMgara kI racanAoM meM bhI isake kucha aMza ullikhita haiN| masAkI hattauDI kA kathana hai ki jinendrabuddhi racita pramANasamuccayaTIkA para dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika kA prabhAva hai / 83 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA AlambanaparIkSA - diDnAga kI yaha racanA vizuddha rUpa se pramANazAstrIya nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM Alambana pratyaya kI carcA hI pramukha pratipAdya hai / diGnAga ne tArkika AdhAra para isameM vijJAnavAda ko pratiSThita kiyA hai tathA bAhyArthavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| AlambanaparIkSA laghukAya racanA hai, jisakA prakAzana saMskRta rUpAntara ke sAtha aDayAra pustakAlaya, madrAsa se san 1946 I0 meM huA / aiyAsvAmI zAstrI ne isameM diGnAga kI svavRtti, paramArtha evaM hvenasAMga ke cInI anuvAda, dharmapAla kI saMskRta TIkA evaM usakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI diyA hai| nyAyapraveza--bauddha nyAya kI eka prAcIna evaM saMkSipta racanA nyAyapraveza hai / nyAyapraveza ke racayitA diGnAga the yA unake ziSya zaMkarasvAmI, yaha abhI taka nizcita nahIM ho sakA hai| tibbatI zAkhA ke vidvAn ise diGnAga kI racanA siddha karate haiM, tathA cInI zAkhA ke vidvAn ise zaMkara svAmI kI kRti ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra karate haiN| prathama mAnyatA ke samarthaka satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa, paM0 vidhuzekhara bhaTTAcArya, evaM kItha Adi vipazcit haiM, tathA dvitIya mAnyatA ke samarthaka UI, sugiura, TucI, TubiyaMskI, miranova Adi budhajana haiM / 84 diGnAga ke nyAyadvAra yA nyAyamukha se nyAyapraveza eka bhinna racanA hai| TubiyaMskI evaM kItha AdidvAn isako sapramANa siddha karate haiN| kItha ne yaha bhI siddha kiyA hai ki nyAyapraveza kA nirmANa nyAyadvAra ke pazcAt huA hai, kyoMki nyAyapraveza kI zailI nyAyadvAra se vizada hai tathA usameM nyAyadvAra meM gRhIta caudaha dUSaNAbhAsoM ko brAhmaNa paramparA kA samajhakara chor3a diyA gayA hai / 85 nyAyapraveza meM sAdhana, pakSa, hetu, dRSTAnta, pakSAbhAsa, hetvAbhAsa Adi kI saMkSipta evaM vizada carcA 82. Dignagaon perception, Introduction, p. 14 83. Dignagaon perception, Introduction, p. 14 84. The Nyaya Pravesh, Part I, Introduction, p.6 85. The Nyaya Pravesh, Part I, Introduction, p. 10

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina- paramparA 19 hai| isameM pratyakSa evaM anumAna do pramANa nirdiSTa haiN| nyAyapraveza para jainAcArya haribhadrasUri kI TIkA nyAyapravezavRtti tathA pArzvadevagaNa kI usa para paJjikA hai| yahI eka aisI bauddhanyAya kRti hai jisa para kisI jainAcArya kI vRtti athavA TIkA vidyamAna hai| jainAcArya haribhadra evaM pArzvadevagaNa ne apanI vRtti va paMjikA meM bauddha pramANa- saraNi ko surakSita rakhA hai / dharmakIrti (620-690 I.) diGnAga ke pazcAt bauddha nyAya meM sarvAdhika kIrti dharmakIrti ko milI hai| dharmakIrti bhI diGnAga kI bhAMti dakSiNa bhArata ke brAhmaNa parivAra meM paidA hue| nAlandA meM vasubandhu ke vRddha ziSya dharmapAla se sarvaprathama dIkSA lI tathA phira diGnAga ke ziSya Izvarasena se inhoMne diGnAga-nyAya ko samajhA / diGnAga-nyAya ko samajhane meM ye apane guru se bhI Age nikala gaye tathA diGnAga praNIta pramANasamuccaya para vArtika kI racanA kI jo pramANavArtika ke nAma se khyAtiprApta hai / dharmakIrti ke samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne bhArata bhramaNa (629 I0 se 645 I0 ) meM jina bauddha vidvAnoM evaM tArkikoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM dharmakIrti kA nAma nahIM hai / 86 dharmakIrti kA nAmollekha na karane ke sambandha meM sAdhAraNataH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki usa samaya dharmakIrti prArambhika vidyArthI hoNge| etadartha satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa Adi vidvAn dharmakIrti kA samaya 635-650 I0 taka mAnate haiN| 87 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 600 I0 mAnate haiM / 88 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya inakA samaya 620 I0 se 690 I0 nirdhArita karate haiM / 89 itsiMga ne bhAratayAtrA (671 I0 se 695 I0) ke vivaraNa meM dharmakIrti kA bhI nAma diyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki dharmakIrti nizcita rUpa se 600 I0 se 700 I0 ke madhya rahe the| isa prakAra mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya dvArA nirNIta samaya (620-690 I0) upayukta pratIta hotA hai / dharmakIrti apane nyAyamaMthoM meM udyotakara, bhartRhari evaM kumArila kA khaNDana karate haiN| tibbatI paramparA meM kumArila evaM dharmakIrti ko samasAmayika kahA jAtA hai, kintu kumArila dinAga kA khaNDana karate haiM aura dharmakIrti kumArila kA / ataH kumArila kI racanA zlokavArtika ke pazcAt hI dharmakIrti pramANavArtika kI racanA kI hogii| udyotakara kA nyAyavArtika bhI dharmakIrti kI kRti se pUrva raca diyA gayA thA / dharmakIrti kA samaya dinAga ke praziSya hone ke kAraNa unase 40-50 varSa bAda mAnA jA sakatA / mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya ne bhartRhari kA samaya 600-650 I0, kumArila kA samaya 600-680 I0 tathA dharmakIrti kA samaya 620-690 I0 svIkAra kiyA hai / 99 86. hvenasAMga ne nAlandA ke prasiddha vidvAnoM kI nAmAvalI meM nimna nAma ginAe haiM- dharmapAla, candrapAla, guNamati, sthiramati, prabhAmitra, jinamitra, jJAnamitra, zIghrabuddha aura zIlabhadra / - akalaGkayanyatraya prastAvanA, pR0 21 87. A History of Indian Logic, p. 10 88. darzana-digdarzana, pR0 744 89. akalaGkagranthatraya, prastAvanA, pR0 21-23 90. akalaGkagranthatraya, prastAvanA, pR0 22 91. akalaGkayanthatraya, prastAvanA, pR0 21

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA AcArya dharmakIrti ke sAta graMtha haiM - (1) pramANavArtika (2) pramANavinizcaya (3) nyAyabindu (4) hetubindu (5) vAdanyAya (6) sambandha parIkSA, aura (7) santAnAntarasiddhi | zverabAtsakI ke anusAra inameM pramANavArtika sarvapramukha hai tathA zeSa chaha gauNa yA isake hI chaha pAda haiN| 92 eka anya vyAkhyA ke anusAra prathama tIna graMtha zarIra haiM aura zeSa cAra usake pAda / 93 aisA kahA jAtA hai ki ye sAtoM graMtha diGnAga ke pramANa samuccaya kI vyAkhyA meM likhe gaye haiN| rAhulasAMkRtyAyana pramANavArtika meM hI pramANasamuccaya kI vyAkhyA kA sampUrNa samAveza svIkAra kara lete haiM / 94 unake anusAra pramANasamuccaya ke maMgalAcaraNa, " pratyakSa, svArthAnumAna evaM parArthAnumAna paricchedoM kI vyAkhyA meM pramANavArtika meM kramaza: pramANasiddhi, pratyakSa, svArthAnumAna evaM parArthAnumAna pariccheda likhe gaye haiN| tathA pramANasamuccaya ke avaziSTa paricchedoM dRSTAnta, apoha evaM jAti ke viSaya meM pRthak pariccheda nahIM likhakara dharmakIrti ne yathAprasaMga inakI vyAkhyA kA cAra paricchedoM meM antarbhAva kara diyA hai| dharmakIrti praNIta graMthoM meM pramANavinizcaya ko chor3akara samasta graMtha prakAzita ho cuke haiM / 20 1 1. pramANavArtika-- --upalabdha bauddha-nyAya graMthoM meM dharmakIrti racita pramANavArtika apratima hai| pramANavArtika ne bauddha nyAya meM mahatI khyAti arjita kI hai| yaha mUlataH diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya para nirmita vArtika hai, kintu kAlAntara meM TIkAkAroM kI lekhanI kA viSaya pramANavArtika bana gayA / bauddhetara dArzanikoM ke dvArA bhI yaha graMtha pramANa-cintana kA lakSya banAyA gyaa| vAcaspatimizra, jayantabhaTTa, akalaGka, vidyAnanda, vyomaziva Adi dArzanikoM ne pramANavArtika se uddharaNa dekara unakA khaNDana kiyA hai| dharmakIrti racita pramANavArtika udyotakara ke nyAyavArtika evaM kumArila bhaTTa ke zlokavArtika para sIdhA prahAra kara bauddha nyAya-patAkA ko UMcI uThAtA hai, phalasvarUpa bauddhetara dArzanikoM ke lie yaha Alocya evaM nirAsya banA rahA hai| I pramANavArtika meM cAra pariccheda haiM- 1. pramANasiddhi 2. pratyakSa pariccheda 3. svArthAnumAna pariccheda evaM 4. parArthAnumAna pricched| ina cAra paricchedoM meM svArthAnumAna pariccheda para svayaM dharmakIrti kI vRtti hai, ataH kucha vidvAn ina cAra paricchedoM meM svArthAnumAna ko prathama mAnate haiN| ve isakA krama isa prakAra rakhate haiM - 1. svArthAnumAna 2. pramANasiddhi 3. pratyakSa evaM 4. parArthAnumAna / paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kA mantavya hai ki cAroM paricchedoM kA prAkRtika krama "pramANasiddhi " se prArambha huA hogA, kintu pramANavArtika para vRtti likhate samaya anumAna ko adhika mahattva pradAna karane hetu svayaM dharmakIrti 92. Buddhist Logic, Vol. I. p. 37 93. Buston, History of Buddhism, pp. 44-45. 94. darzana - digdarzana, pR0 748 95. pramANabhUtAya jagaddhitaiSiNe praNamya zAstre sugatAya tAyine / pramANasiddha svamatAt samuccayaH kariSyate viprasRtAdihaikakaH // - pramANasamuccaya, 1

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina- paramparA ne isakA krama badala diyA hogA / 96 hama " pramANasiddhi" se hI isake paricchedoM kA prArambha svIkAra karate haiN| "pramANasiddhi" pariccheda pramANasamuccaya ke maMgalAcaraNazloka kI vyAkhyA meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai| dvitIya pariccheda meM pratyakSapramANa tathA tRtIya evaM caturtha pariccheda meM anumAna pramANa kI carcA hai| dharmakIrti pariccheda - vibhAjana ke sAtha kaThoratA pUrvaka nahIM cale haiN| ve pratyakSa-pariccheda meM hI sAmAnya, anumAna, anupalabdhi, anyApoha Adi kI bhI yathAprasaMga carcA kara lete haiN| isI prakAra svArthAnumAna pariccheda meM Agama, pauruSeyatva Adi kI carcA huI hai| pramANavArtika ke TIkAkAroM yA bhASyakAroM meM devendrabuddhi, zAkyabuddhi, prajJAkaragupta, yamAri, ravigupta manorathanandI, karNakagomI Adi pramukha haiN| inameM adhikAMza vyAkhyAkAroM ne svArthAnumAna pariccheda ko chor3akara tIna paricchedoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| zaGkarAnanda, zAkyabuddhi evaM karNakagomI aise dArzanika hue haiM jinhoneM mAtra svArthAnumAna pariccheda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| AcArya manorathanandI ne sampUrNa cAroM paricchedoM para vRtti likhI hai / pramANavArtika kA adhyayana bhArata meM isI vRtti ke AdhAra para adhika pracalita hai| yaha saMskRta meM bhI upalabdha hai / anya vyAkhyAeM yA bhASya jo saMskRta meM upalabdha haiM, ve haiM - prajJAkaragupta kA pramANavArtika bhASya, dharmakIrti kI svArthAnumAna pariccheda para svavRtti evaM karNakagomI kI usI pariccheda para svavRtti- TIkA / karNakagomI kI svavRtti TIkA kA prakAzana kitAbamahala, prayAga se 1943 I0 meM huA / svArthAnumAna pariccheda para dharmakIrti kI svavRtti kA prakAzana hindU vizvavidyAlaya nepAla rAjya saMskRta graMthamAlA ke bhAga 2 ke antargata paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke saMpAdakatva meM 1959 I0 meM huA / anya vyAkhyAeM tibbatI bhASA meM surakSita haiM / 2. nyAyabindu -- dharmakIrti kI yaha racanA saMkSeparuci prAjJa jijJAsuoM ke lie prathita huI hai| bauddhanyAya ke anusAra pramANa-svarUpa, pramANa- viSaya, trividha hetu evaM hetvAbhAsa Adi kA jitanA saMkSipta, sAragarbhita evaM spaSTa vivecana isa graMtha meM upalabdha hotA hai, utanA anyatra nahIM / sampUrNa nyAyabindu sUtroM meM prathita hai, jinakI kula saMkhyA 209 hai / yaha tIna paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai-- (1) pratyakSa pariccheda (2) svArthAnumAna pariccheda aura (3) parArthAnumAna pariccheda / isakI viSayavastu kA sthUla paricaya pariccheda ke nAmoM se ho jAtA hai| 97 nyAyabindu ke racayitA dharmakIrti vijJAnavAda ke AcArya mAne jAte haiM, kintu nyAyabindu kA adhyayana karane para yaha zuddha rUpa meM vijJAnavAda kI racanA pratIta nahIM hotii| isa para sautrAntika mata kA adhika prabhAva hai, kyoMki isameM svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa kA pratipAdana spaSTatayA bAhyArtha ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai 1 21 98 96. pramANavArtika (svavRtti), prastAvanA, pR0 9 97. saMkSiptarucIn prAjJAn adhikRtyedaM prakaraNaM praNItam / dharmottarapradIpa, pR0 35.11 98. yathA (i) yasyArthasya satridhAnAsannidhAnAbhyAM jJAnapratibhAsabhedastat svalakSaNam / - nyAyabindu, 1.13 (ii) anyat sAmAnyalakSaNam / - nyAyabindu 1.16

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22 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA nyAyabindu para aneka TIkAeM likhI gayI haiM,unameM pramukha haiM-vinItadeva kI TIkA,zAntabhadra kI TIkA, dharmottarakRtaTIkA Adi / vinItadeva kI TIkA tibbatI anuvAda meM upalabdha hai tathA isakA bibliothikA iNDikA meM kalakattA se san 1913 meM prakAzana bhI huA hai / zAntabhadra kI TIkA tibbatI evaM saMskRta donoM meM anupalabdha hai ,kintu zAntabhadra ke matoM kA khaNDana dharmottara, akalaGka Adi AcAryoM ke graMthoM meM milatA hai / durveka mizra ne bhI zAntabhadra kA ullekha kiyA hai / dharmottarakRta TIkA sarvAdhika prasiddha huI hai / ise hInyAyabinduTIkA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai tathA yaha abhI saMskRta meM upalabdha hai / isa para vizeSa vicAra Age dharmottara ke prasaMga meM kiyA jaayegaa| ina tIna TIkAoM ke atirikta kamalazIla dvArA nyAyabindu-pUrvapakSa-saMkSepa evaM jinamitra dvArA nyAyabindapiNDArtha kI bhI racanA kI gayI hai,kintu inake tibbatI anuvAda milate haiM,saMskRta mUla evaM anuvAda upalabdha nahIM hai| 3. pramANavinizcaya-dharmakIrti kI yaha kRti madhyamabuddhi jijJAsuoM ke lie banI hai / isameM pramANavArtika meM pratipAdita viSayoM ko hI saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isake Adhe se adhika zloka pramANavArtika se hI gRhIta haiN| yaha mUla saMskRta meM anupalabdha hai, isakA tibbatI anuvAda upalabdha hai / isake tIna pariccheda haiM--pratyakSa,svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna / isakI dharmottararacita TIkA tathA jJAnazrIbhadra kRta TIkA bhI tibbatI bhASA meM upalabdha hai / dhvanyAloka ke kartA Anandavardhana kI bhI isa para dharmottamA TIkA hone kA ullekha milatA hai|99 4. hetabinda-yaha hetu ke lakSaNa,svarUpa evaM usake prakAroM se sambaddha hai / nyAyabinda ke samAna yaha bhI sUtroM meM nibaddha hai / svabhAva,kArya evaM anupalabdhi hetuoM kA isameM vizada nirUpaNa hai / hetubindu para arcaTa kI TIkA hai tathA usa para darvekamizra kA Aloka hai, jinheM kramazaH hetubinduTIkA evaM hetubinduTIkAloka (arcaTAloka) kahA jAtA hai / hetubinduTIkA kA durvekamizra ke Aloka ke sAtha oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa bar3audA se 1949 I0 meM paM0 sukhalAlasaMghavI tathA muni zrI jinavijaya ke saMyukta saMpAdana meM prakAzana huA hai| 5. sambandhaparIkSA-dharmakIrti kI yaha kRti mUlarUpa meM anupalabdha hai ,kintu jainAcArya prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa tathA vAdidevasUri ne syAdvAdaratnAkara meM isakI kArikAe~ uddhRta kI haiN| 100 prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM 22 kArikAe~ uddhRta haiM , jina para svayaM prabhAcandra ne vyAkhyA likhI hai| inakA pRthak prakAzana bauddhabhAratI,vArANasI se prabhAcandra kI vyAkhyA sahita 1972 I. meM huA hai| isase pUrva zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne 1953 I. meM.pramANavArtikabhASya kI prastAvanA meM 22 kArikAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai / sambandhaparIkSA meM saMyoga, samavAya Adi sambandhoM kI parIkSA kI gaI hai| 6. vAdanyAya- yaha pUrNataH vAda-vidyA se sambandhita racanA hai / isameM dharmakIrti ne nigrahasthAna kA lakSaNa kiyA hai tathA nyAyadarzana sammata samasta nigrahasthAnoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| asAdhanAMga vacana 99. Buddhist Logic, Vol. 2, p. 41. 100, draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 503-511evaM syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 812 /

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA 23 evaM adoSodbhAvana nAmaka nigrahasthAnoM kI sthApanA bhI kI hai| asAdhanAMgavacana se vAdI kA tathA adoSodbhAvana se prativAdI kA nigraha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| vAdanyAya para prasiddha bauddhAcArya zAntarakSita ne vipazcitArtha nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai / mUla vAdanyAya kA prakAzana mahAbodhi sosAyaTI, banArasa se san 1933 meM huA thA, kintu zAntarakSita kI vyAkhyA sahita bauddha bhAratI,vArANasI se san 1972 meM prakAzana ho gayA hai / Ara. sI. pANDe ke saMpAdana meM bhI isakA hAla hI prakAzana huA 7. santAnAntarasiddhi - yaha vijJAnavAda meM apane se bhinna vijJAna santAnoM kI siddhi se sambaddha prakaraNa graMtha hai / yaha mUla saMskRta meM upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| vinItadeva kI TIkA ke sAtha tibbatI bhASA meM upalabdha hai / isakA aMgrejI anuvAda zverabAtskI dvArA kiyA gayA hai| dharmakIrti ke samasta TIkAkAroM ko zcarabAtskI ne tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / prathamavarga zabdArthaparaka vyAkhyA karane vAle TIkAkAroM kA hai, jinameM devendrabuddhi, zAkyabuddhi, vinItadeva zAntabhadra evaM manoradhanandI pramukha haiN| dvitIya varga tattvajJAna evaM dArzanika hArda ko spaSTa karane vAle TIkAkAroM kA hai, jinameM dharmottara pramukha hai| ye saba kAzmIrI the / ataH zverabAtskI isa varga ko kAzmIrI varga bhI kahate haiN| isa varga ke anya dArzanika the Anandavarddhana,jJAnazrI,zaMkarAnanda Adi / tRtIya varga dhArmika TIkAkAroM kA thA jinameM prajJAkaragupta sarvaprathama hai / yaha varga jina, ravigupta evaM yamAri ke dRSTibheda se punaH tIna upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / 101 yahAM para dharmakIrti ke pramukha TIkAkAroM meM dharmottara,prajJAkaragupta evaM arcaTa kI TIkAoM para vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| dharmottara (700I0) dharmakIrti ke pramANagraMthoM ke dArzanika pakSa ko sarvaprathama vyavasthita evaM tArkika zailI meM dharmottara ne prastuta kiyaa| dharmakIrti apane jIvana kAla meM unake graMthoM kA jaisA yogya TIkAkAra dekhanA cAhate the,vaisA TIkAkAra unake maraNoparAnta dharmottara ke rUpa meM paidA huA / zverabAtskI dharmottara ko mUlataH kAzmIrI brAhmaNa batalAte haiM / dharmottara ko tibbatiyoM dvArA atyadhika Adara evaM sammAna diyA gayA hai| ve dharmakIrti ke graMthoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa hI nahIM karate, apitu nayA cintana evaM dRSTikoNa bhI dete haiN| dharmottara ne dharmakIrti ke pradhAna graMtha pramANavArtika kI TIkA nahIM kii| unhoMne kevala pramANavinizcaya evaM nyAyabindu graMthoM kI vistRta TIkA kI hai| pramANavinizcaya kI TIkA kA mUla rUpa saMskRta meM anupalabdha hai,tibbatI anuvAda meM surakSita hai / nyAyabinduTIkA se bhI yaha vizAla hai| saMbhava hai usake samAna mahattvapUrNa bhI hogii| dharmottara ke anya cAra graMthoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai,ve haiM- prAmANyaparIkSA, apohaprakaraNa, paralokasiddhi evaM kssnnbhNgsiddhi| 101. Buddhist Logic, Vol. 1, pp. 39-47

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24 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA dharmottara kA samaya zveravAtskI ne 800 I. ke Asa-pAsa nirdhArita kiyA hai / 102 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne 725 I. mAnA hai ,kintu paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne unheM 700 I. se bhI kucha pUrva kA svIkAra kiyA hai / 103 nyAyabinduTIkA-dharmakIrti ke nyAyabindu para dhamottara kI yaha TIkA vistRta,vizada evaM mahattvapUrNa hai| nyAyabindu kI TIkAoM meM isakA sarvottama sthAna hai aura isakA pramANa isa TIkA para likhI gayI upaTIkAeM haiN| isase pUrva jo TIkAeM kI gayIM ve zabdArthaparaka thIM, kintu dharmottara kI isa TIkA se tAttvika abhiprAya ko spaSTa karane kA kArya prArambha huA / isa TIkA kA AkAra 1477 zloka parimANa AMkA gayA hai| nyAyabinduTIkA kI upaTIkAoM yA TippaNoM kA krama isa prakAra hai-(1)mallavAdI kRta dharmottara TippaNa (2) tAtparyanibandhanaTippaNa (3) nyAyabinduTIkATippaNI (4) dhrmottrprdiip| mallavAdI kRta dharmottaraTippaNa kI pratiyAM jaisalamera evaM pATana ke bhaNDAroM meM vidyamAna hai| mallavAdI nAma se TippaNakAra jaina pratIta hote haiM, kintu ye dvAdazAranayacakra ke kartA mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa se bhinna haiM / inakA samaya paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne 700-750 I. ke madhya svIkAra kiyA hai / tAtparyanibandhaTippaNa kI eka tADapatra prati muni puNyavijaya jI ko prApta huI thI, kintu isa para lekhaka ko prazasti evaM nAma nahIM hai / nyAyabinduTIkATippaNI kA saMpAdana bibliothikA buddhikA naM0 11 meM zverabAtskI ne kiyA hai,jo senTapITarsabarga se 1909 I. meM prakAzita huI hai, kintu vaha apUrNa hai / isake bhI lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai / nyAyabinduTIkA para anuTIkA dharmottarapradIpa sarvAdhika prasiddha hai,ataH usakI carcA duvaikamizra ke prasaMga meM Age alaga se kI gayI hai| arcaTa (sAtavIM AThavIM zatI) dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAroM meM arcaTa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / arcaTa kA dUsarA nAma dharmAkaradatta hai jo unheM bhikSu ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai / arcaTa kAzmIrI the aisA lAmA tArAnAtha ke kathana se jJAta hotA hai / 104 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ne arcaTa ko dharmakIrti ke pazcAt tathA dharmottara, prajJAkara gupta, Adi ke pUrva kA mAnakara unheM sAtavIM sadI ke uttarArddha evaM AThavIM sadI ke pUrvArddha meM nirdhArita kiyA hai|105 durveka mizra ke hetubinduTIkAloka evaM svayaM arcaTa kI TIkA se vidita hotA hai ki arcaTa kI tIna kRtiyAM thIM - kSaNabhaMgasiddhi ,pramANadvitvasiddhi evaM hetubinduTIkA, kintu durbhAgya se inameM hetubinduTIkA hI vartamAna meM upalabdha hai,jo san 1949 I. meM oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa,bar3audA se paM0 207. Buddhist Logic, Vol I, p. 41 103. dhottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR053 104. A History of Indian Logic, pp. 329-32 105. hetubinduTIkA, prastAvanA, pR0 12

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA sukhalAla saMghavI evaM muni jinavijaya ke saMpAdana meM prakAzita huI hai| hetubinduTIkA-dharmakIrti kI racanA hetubindu para arcaTa kI yaha TIkA bauddha pramANazAstra ke lie varadAna hai / yaha mUlamaMtha ke pratyeka zabda kA sphuTa rUpeNa vizleSaNa karatI hai / isa TIkA se hI paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ne dharmakIrti kA hetubindu taiyAra kiyA hai / jo hetubinduTIkA ke pariziSTa meM upalabdha hetubinduTIkA meM svabhAva,kArya evaM anupalabdhi rUpa trividha hetuoM kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| yathAprasaMga kSaNikavAda meM arthakriyAsiddhi Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva,vipakSavyAvRtti rUpa trirUpatva hetu kA vidhAna karane ke sAtha asiddha,viruddha va anaikAntika hetvAbhAsoM ko samajhAyA gayA hai / arcaTa ne hetubinduTIkA meM jainadarzana ke siddhAnta syAdvAda kA 45 padyoM meM khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai / 106 dravya evaM paryAya meM kathaJcat avyatirekitA kA pratipAdana karane vAle samantabhadra ke zloka' kA bhI arcaTa dvArA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / 108 isI prakAra unhoMne jaina dArzanika umAsvAti ke satlakSaNa vidhAyaka sUtra 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' (tattvArthasUtra,5.29) kA bhI nirasana karate hue sat ko kSaNika siddha kiyA hai|09| prajJAkaragupta evaM pramANavArtikabhASya (AThavIM zatI) prajJAkaragupta ne dharmakIrti kI utkRSTaracanA pramANavArtika para bhASya kI racanA kI hai, jise pramANavArtikAlaMkAra yA pramANavArtikabhASya kahA jAtA hai| pramANavArtikAlaGkAra dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika ke tIna paricchedoM para likhA gayA bhASya hai| isameM svArthAnumAna pariccheda para bhASya nahIM hai| isake gadya evaM padya kA kula parimANa 16,200 zloka jitanA AMkA gayA hai| zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne prajJAkaragupta ko dharmakIrti kA praziSya kahA hai tathA inheM,tibbatI paramparAnusAra 700 I. ke Asa pAsa rakhA hai / 11deg satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ,zverabAtskI Adi vidvAnoM ne unheM 10 vIM zatAbdI kA dArzanika svIkAra kiyA hai,111 kintu jainAcArya akalaGka (8vIM zatI) apane vibhinna nyAya graMthoM meM ,anantavIrya (9vIM zatI) siddhivinizcayaTIkA meM,vidyAnanda (9vIM zatI) aSTasahastrI meM tathA prabhAcandra (11 vIM zatI) prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM prajJAkara kA ullekha karate hue bhUriza : khaNDana karate haiM / jayantabhaTTa evaM udayana bhI prajJAkara kA khaNDana karate haiM / ataH prajJAkara ko AThavIM sadI ke prArambha se Age nahIM le jAyA jA sktaa| mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya inheM 670-724 I. ke madhya 106. hetubinduTIkA, pR0 104. 107. dravyaparyAyayoraikyaM tyorvytirekt:| pariNAmavizeSAcca zaktimacchaktibhAvata: ||-aaptmiimaaNsaa,71 108. hetubinduTIkA, pR0 105.15 109. hetubinduTIkA, pR. 146 110. pramANavArtikabhASya, prastAvanA, pR08 111. Buddhist Logic, Vol I., p. 43.

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26 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratipAdita karate haiN| 112 cInI yAtrI itsiMga apane yAtrA vivaraNa meM prajJAgupta nAmaka vidvAn kA ullekha karatA hai,jo nyAyAcArya ko prajJAkaragupta hI pratIta hote haiN|113 __ zverabAtskI ke anusAra prajJAkaragupta dhArmika paramparA ke TIkAkAra the| aneka sandarbho meM prajJAkaragupta dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAra hI nahIM, apitu unase svatantra vicAraka bhI pratIta hote haiN| jainadArzanika akalaGka apane nyAyagraMthoM meM prajJAkara kA bhUrizaHkhaNDana karate haiM / akalaGka ke TIkAkAra vAdirAjanyAyavinizcayavivaraNa meM tathA anantavIrya siddhivinizcayaTIkA meM pramANavArtikAlaGkAra kA bahubhAga uddhRta karate haiM / prajJAkaragupta ke bhASya kI apekSA manorathanandI kI vRtti dharmakIrti ke abhiprAya ko samajhane meM adhika sahAyaka siddha huI hai ,kyoMki vaha zabdArthaparaka hote hue bhI dharmakIrti ke abhiprAya ko adhika sakSamatA pUrvaka spaSTa karatI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yaha vRtti pramANavArtika ke cAroM paricchedoM para likhI gayI hai / tathApi vistRta evaM vyApaka adhyayana ke lie prajJAkaragupta ke pramANavAArtikabhASya kA mahattva nirvivAda hai| zAntarakSita aura kamalazIla (AThavIM sadI) ye donoM AcArya uttarabhArata meM magadha ke nivAsI the / 114 diinAga evaM dharmakIrti ke bAda ye donoM dArzanika bauddha nyAya ko kucha bhinna dRSTikoNa ke sAtha prastuta karate haiM / gaMgAnAtha jhA ne inakA samaya 705 se 764 I. nirdhArita kiyA hai / 115 zAntarakSita guru the evaM kamalazIla unake ziSya / ye donoM nAlandA vihAra meM rahe tathA phira tibbata cale gaye the| zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla mAdhyamika sampradAya ke AcArya the| mAdhyamika sampradAya bhI do prakAra ke haiM- prAsaMgika evaM svAtantrika / zAntarakSita svAtantrika sampradAya se sambaddha the| zverabAtskI ne zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ko mAdhyamika-yogAcAra athavA mAdhyamika-sautrAntika ke mizrita sampradAya se sambaddha mAnA hai / 116 DaoN.jagannAtha upAdhyAya ne unheM svAtantrika-mAdhyamika sampradAya se sambaddha mAnakara use vyavahAravijJAnavAda kahA hai / ve kahate haiM ki vasubanyu diinAga evaM dharmakIrti ke dvArA pAramArthika vijJAnavAda svIkRta thA,kintu zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla vyAvahArika vijJAnavAdI the| 117 sarala zabdoM meM ise yUM kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve donoM mAdhyamika hokara bhI vijJAnavAdI the aura unhoMne tatvasaGgraha evaM usakI paJjikA kA nirmANa kara sautrAntikavijJAnavAdI hone kA pramANa diyA hai| 112. akalaGkaanyatraya, prastAvanA, pR027 113. akalaGkagranthatraya, prastAvanA, pR026 114. svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI ne inheM baMgAla ke DhAkA jile ke jAhora nAmaka grAma meM utpatra batalAyA hai|-tttvsnggrh, prastAvanA, pR024 115. draSTavya, tatvasaGgraha, gaMgAnAtha jhA dvArA saMpAdita evaM anUdita aMgrejI saMskaraNa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, prastAvanA / 116. Buddhist Logic, Vol. 1,p. 45 117. tattvasaGgraha, bauddhabhAratI prakAzana, prAstAvika kiJcita. pR014 prastAvanA

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA zAntarakSita kI pramukha racanA hai- tattvasaGgraha / unakI do anya racanAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai- 1. dharmakIrti ke vAdanyAya para vipaJcitArthaTIkA evaM 2. madhyamakAlaGkAragrantha / kamalazIla ne tatvasaGgraha kI vyAkhyA meM tatvasaGgrahapaJjikA nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI hai| unake eka anya graMtha nyAyabindupUrvapakSasaMkSepa kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| tatvasaGgraha evaM tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA-AThavIM zatAbdI meM racita bauddha-nyAya kI mahattvapUrNa kRti tattvasaGgraha AcArya zAntarakSita kI anupama racanA hai / yaha 3645 kArikAoM meM nibaddha hai / isa para AcArya nAgArjuna kI mAdhyamika kArikA evaM dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika kA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| tatvasaGgraha meM prameyoM kI parIkSA pramANa-parIkSA kI apekSA adhika huI hai / jinameM prakRti,Izvara,puruSa, zabda-brahma, AtmA, sthirabhAva, karmaphalasambandha, dravya, guNa, karma,sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya, zabdArtha, syAdvAda,zruti Adi kI parIkSA mukhya hai / pramANoM meM pratyakSalakSaNa, anumAna,zabda,upamAna, arthApatti, abhAva, sambhava, aitihya Adi kI parIkSA karane ke sAtha prAmANyavAda kI bhI parIkSA kI gayI hai| zAntarakSita ne aviddhakarNa, zaGkarasvAmI, bhAvivikta, yogasena, lakSaNakAra, sumati, pAtrasvAmI, purandara Adi una vibhinna vidvAnoM ke bhI mantavyoM kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana kiyA hai jinakA Aja koI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai / zAntarakSita kA tattvasaMgraha dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika kI apekSA sugama hai / tatvasaGgraha para kamalazIla kI paJjikA gadya meM nibaddha hai / yaha zabdAnulakSI vyAkhyA hokara bhI graMtha ke hArda ko kuzalatA ke sAtha spaSTa karatI hai / zAntarakSita jina vipakSI AcAryoM ke mata kA binA nAma lie pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthApana karate haiM,kamalazIla apanI paJjikA meM unakA nAmollekha bhI karate haiN| jainadArzanika sumati evaM pAtrasvAmI ke matoM kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana isakA nidarzana hai| tatvasaGgrahapaJjikA meM diinAga mantavyoM ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / 118 durveka mizra (10 vIM-11 vIM zatI) durvekamizra kA samaya satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa, sukhalAla saMghavI Adi ne dasavIM zatAbdI kA aMtimapAda evaM gyArahavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha svIkAra kiyA hai / 119 durvekamizra jitAri ke ziSya the| durvekamizra ke cAra graMthoM kA ullekha milatA hai- 1. dharmottarapradIpa 2. arcaTAloka (hetubinduTIkA loka)3.svayUthyavicAra evaM 4.vizeSAkhyAna | inake atirikta kSaNabhaMgasiddhi evaM catuHzatI nAmaka, racanAoM kA bhI dukamizra ne svayaM ullekha kiyA hai| inameM se prathama do graMthoM ko rAhulasAMkRtyAyana tibbata se lAe the| unakA saMskRta meM prakAzana bhI ho gayA hai / dharmottarapradIpa kA prakAzana bhoTadezIya saMskRta graMthamAlA ke antargata dvitIya puSpa ke rUpa meM kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla risarca iMsTITyUTa,paTanA se san 1955 I0 meM paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke saMpAdana meM huaa| hetubinduTIkAloka kA prakAzana hetubindu evaM usakI TIkA ke sAtha gAyakavADa oriyaNTala sIrIja meM 1949 I. meM paM0 118. draSTavya, pramANasamuccaya (raMgAsvAmI ayaMgara saMpAdita) evaM tttvsNgrhpnyjikaa| 119. A History of Indian Logic, p. 337, hetubinduTIkA, prastAvanA, pR0 12, dharmottarapradIpa,prastAvanA, pR060

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA sukhalAla saMghavI evaM munijinavijaya ke sampAdana meM huA / svayUthyavicAra, vizeSAkhyAna, kSaNabhaGgasiddhi evaM catuHzatI graMthoM kA dharmottarapradIpa yA hetubinduTIkAloka meM ullekha milatA hai 120 kintu ve abhI taka upalabdha nahIM hue haiN| dharmottarapradIpa evaM hetubinduTIkAloka kA saMkSipta paricaya Age diyA jA rahA hai / 28 dharmottarapradIpa- nyAyabinduTIkA para upalabdha anya saba TippaNoM se dharmottarapradIpa adhika vistRta hai / yaha vastutaH dharmottara TIkA ke lie pradIpa hai / isakI mukhya vizeSatA hai ki isameM pUrvapakSa upasthApita karake dharmottara ke mantavya kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| dharmottarapradIpa kI bhASA prauDha, suzliSTa evaM muhAvaroM se yukta hai| durveka vyartha kI carcA karanA evaM khIMcakhAMca kara artha nikAlanA pasanda nahIM karate / TIkA meM aneka sthAnoM para ve pUrvaTIkAkAroM ke mantavyoM kA bhI ullekha karate haiM / durvekamizra ke anusAra nyAyabindu sautrAntika mata kI dRSTi se likhA gayA graMtha hai, yogAcAra mata ke sAtha isakI kutracit saMgati baiTha jAnA AnuSaMgika hai, mukhya nahIM,1 21 durvekamizra ne dharmottara ke abhiprAya ko kuzalatA se spaSTa kiyA hai tathA kutracit vicAra bheda bhI prakaTa kiyA hai / unakA yaha pradIpa bauddhanyAya ke adhyayanArtha mahattvapUrNa hai| hetubinduTIkAloka - dharmakIrti racita hetubindu para arcaTa ne TIkA kI thI / arcaTa kI TIkA para durveka mizra ne Aloka kI racanA kI hai, jise hetubinduTIkA yA arcaTAloka ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / isameM durvekamizra ne arcaTa kI TIkA para vizada vyAkhyA kI hai evaM yathAvasara bauddhetara maMtavyoM kA upasthApana kara unakA nirasana kiyA hai| arcaTa kA anukaraNa karate hue bhI durveka ne kahIM kahIM unase asahamati prakaTa kI hai / svabhAva, kArya evaM anupalabdhi ina tInoM hetuoM kI durveka ne vizada vyAkhyA kI hai| isakA bhI prakAzana paM. sukhalAla saMghavI dvArA saMpAdita hetubinduTIkA ke sAtha huA hai| hetubinduTIkAloka meM durveka mizra ne jainoM dvArA mAnya utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka sat kA khaNDana kiyA hai / unhone samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA kI kArikAoM ko bhI isa sandarbha meM uddhRta kiyA hai 122 jaina grantha vAdanyAya ke racayitA (saMbhavataH kumAranandI) ko syAdvAdakezarI kI upamA dete hue unake mata ko uddhRta kara 123 TIkAkAra kulabhUSaNa kI vistRta vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai tathA phira usakA khaNDana kiyA hai / 124 120. dharmottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR0 60 121. dharmottarapradIpa, prastAvanA, pR0 58 122. ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthaM jano yAti sahetukam // payovato na dadhyatti na payotti dadhivrataH / agorasavato nobhe tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam // - AptamImAMsA, 59-60 evaM hetubinduTIkAloka, pR. 369 123. tathA cAvAdId vAdanyAye syAdvAdakezarI - akhilasya vastuno'nekAntikatvaM sattvAt / anyathArthakriyA kuta: ' iti // - hetubinduTIkAloka, pR. 373 124. draSTavya hetubinduTIkAloka, pR. 373-374

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA anya bauddhAcArya evaM unakI kRtiyAM durvekamizra ke atirikta gyArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha meM jJAnazrI mitra evaM unake ziSya ratnakIrti ne bhI bauddha darzana kA samyaka nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jJAnazrImitra ne bauddhadarzana kI tattvamImAMsIya evaM pramANamImAMsIya samasyAoM para bAraha nibandhoM kI racanA kI, jinameM kSaNabhaGgAdhyAya, vyApticarcA, anupalabdhirahasyam,apohaprakaraNam,kAryakAraNabhAvasiddhiH, advaitabinduprakaraNama ,evaM sAkArasiddhizAstram ko pramukha kahA jA sakatA hai / ina nibandhoM kA prakAzana- jJAnazrImitra nibandhAvalI meM pro0 anantalAla ThAkura ke saMpAdakatva meM san 1959 I. meM kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla risarca iMsTITyUTa , paTanA se huA hai| jJAnazrImitra kI zailI sarasa evaM bodhagamya hai| unake kSaNabhaGgAdhyAya evaM apohaprakaraNa se jainadArzanika vAdidevasUri ne kucha zlokoM ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| jJAnazrImitra ne apanI racanAoM meM vAcaspatimizra, trilocana, bhAsarvajJa evaM zaMkara ke matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai / unake ziSya ratmakIrti kI bhI kSaNabhaMgasiddhi evaM apohasiddhi nAmaka racanAeM dArzanika jagat meM AdRta huI haiM jinakA prakAzana bibliyothikA iNDikA sIrIja se prakAzita siksa buddhisTa nyAya TrekTasa meM huA hai / isakA saMpAdana mahAmahopAdhyAya haraprasAdazAstrI dvArA kiyA gayA tathA prathama prakAzana 1910 I. meM kalakattA se huA / dasavIM gyArahavIM zatI meM racita mokSAkaragupta kI tarkabhASA bhI bauddhanyAya meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai / mokSAkaragupta ne isameM dharmakIrti kI nyAyabindu kA anusaraNa karate hue pratyakSa,svArthAnumAna evaM parArthAnumAna nAmaka tIna pariccheda likhe haiM jo saMkSepa meM sampUrNa bauddha nyAya ko prastuta karate haiN| isakA prakAzana gAyakavAr3a sIrija se 1942 I. meM embAra kRSNamAcArya kI saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha huA hai| ___ isa prakAra cauthI pAMcavI zatI se lekara gyArahavIM zatI taka bhArata meM bauddhanyAya ke aneka graMthoM kI racanA huI aura ye sabhI graMtha yathAkAla jaina dArzanikoM dvArA adhIta rahe haiN| jaina-paramparA jaina darzana meM pramANa-mImAMsA kA vyavasthApana sahI arthoM meM bauddhoM ke pazcAt AThavIM sadI meM jaina dArzanika bhaTTa akalaGka ne kiyA,kintu vyApaka phalaka para kie gae adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki jainadarzana meM pramANamImAMsIya carcA ke bIja AgamoM meM bhI upalabdha haiM / paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne sampUrNa jaina darzana ko sAhityika vikAsa kI dRSTi se cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai- 1. Agama yuga 2.anekAnta vyavasthAyuga 3.pramANavyavasthA yuga evaM 4.navIna nyAyayuga / paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI inheM tIna vibhAgoM meM rakhate hai- 1. Agamayuga 2. saMskRtapraveza yA anekAntasthApana yuga aura 3. nyAya-pramANa sthaapnyug| 126 ve Agamayuga ko bhagavAna mahAvIra athavA unake pUrvavartI bhagavAn 125. Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR0 281 126. darzana aura cintana, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0362

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pArzvanAtha se lekara vikramIya paMcama-SaSTha zatAbdI taka rakhate haiN| dvitIya yuga ko do zatAbdiyoM vikramIya chaThI- sAtavIM zatAbdI meM tathA tRtIya yuga ko vikramIya AThavIM zatI se lekara aThArahavIM zatI taka rakhate haiM / muninathamala (samprati AcArya mahAprajJa) ne sampUrNa jaina -nyAya ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, yathA-1. Agama yuga kA jaina nyAya 2. darzanayuga kA jaina nyAya evaM 3. pramANavyavasthA yuga kA jaina nyAya / 127 yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jo kArya bauddhadarzana meM diGnAga ne kiyA vahI kArya jaina darzana meM akalaGka ne kiyA / akalaGka ke graMthoM meM hI hama jaina pramANamImAMsA ke vikasita svarUpa ke darzana kara pAte haiN| akalaGka se pUrva siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra ko jaina pramANamImAMsA kA pramukha graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu usameM parokSa pramANa ke smRti,pratyabhijJAna Adi bhedoM kA nirUpaNa na hone tathA aise hI anya kAraNoM se use jaina pramANamImAMsA kI sampUrNa vikasita kRti nahIM kahA jA sktaa| samantabhadra , mallavAdI, pAtrakesarI, sumati Adi jo anya jaina dArzanika hue haiM unakI racanAeM yA to upalabdha nahIM haiM yA upalabdha haiM to unameM pramANavyavasthA kA nirUpaNa pUrNarUpeNa nahIM huA hai, ataH akalaGka ko hI hama jainadarzana kI pramANamImAMsA kA AdhAra banAkara navIna vibhAjana karate haiM 1. prAg akalaGka pramANamImAMsA 2. akalaGka evaM taduttaravartI prmaannmiimaaNsaa| prAg akalaGka pramANamImAMsA ko bhI do upavibhAgoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai 1. AgamavartI tathA 2. anekAntasAhitya yugIna (IsA kI prathama zatI se chaThI zatI taka) akalaGka evaM taduttaravartI jaina pramANazAstrIya racanAoM ko bhI do upavibhAgoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai-1. AThavIM zatI se bArahavIM zatI evaM 2. navya nyAyayuga ina samasta bhAgopavibhAgoM meM yadyapi akalaGka evaM taduttaravartI pramANazAstrIya graMthoM meM AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI ke graMthoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai,tathApi sampUrNa jainanyAya kA saMkSipta paricaya abhISTa hone se yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| AgamavartI pramANamImAMsA bauddha tripiTakoM kI apekSA pramANamImAMsIya dRSTi se jaina Agama samRddha haiM / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM pramANa evaM naya kA vistRta vivecana hai / jaina darzana meM samyagjJAna ko pramANa kahA gayA hai / 128 isa artha meM yadi Agama-sAhitya kA anuzIlana kiyA jAya to nandIsUtra jJAnamImAMsA se hI ota prota hai| bhagavatI sUtra (vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra), SaTkhaNDAgama , rAjapraznIya, sthAnAMga Adi AgamoM meM bhI 127. jainanyAya kA vikAsa, pR07-8 128. samyagjJAnaM pramANaM, pramANatvAnyathAnupapatte: |--prmaannpriikssaa, pR0 1

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA 31 Abhinibodhika jJAna (matijJAna) zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna evaM kevalajJAna kA bhedopabhedoM ke sAtha vistRta nirUpaNa hai / 129 jJAna kA yahI varNana jainadarzana kI pramANa-mImAMsA kA AdhAra banA Agama-sAhitya meM nyAyadarzana sammata pramANa kA vivaraNa bhI milatA hai| anuyogadvArasUtra , sthAnAisUtra evaM bhagavatIsUtra isake nidarzana haiM |anuyogdvaar evaM bhagavatIsUtra meM pramANa ke cAra prakAra pratipAdita haiM- (1) pratyakSa (2) anumAna (3) aupamya evaM (4) Agama / 13deg sthAnAGgasUtra meM inhIM cAra pramANoM ko 'hetu' zabda se kahA gayA hai| 131 isa sUtra meM eka anya sthAna para pramANa kA vyavasAya' zabda se bhI ullekha huA hai aura usake tIna bheda batAe gae haiM (1) pratyakSa (2) prAtyayika evaM (3) anugAmI 132 / paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra yahI tIna vyavasAya siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra evaM haribhadra ke anekAntajayapatAkA graMthoM meM pratyakSa,anumAna aura Agama ina tIna pramANoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita hue haiM / 133 sthAnAMgasUtra evaM nandIsUtra meM jJAna ke pratyakSa evaM parokSa do bhedoM kA kathana huA hai / 134 umAsvAti, siddhasena Adi dArzanikoM ne jainanyAya meM inhIM bhedoM ko pramANa-bhedoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai / anuyogadvArasUtra evaM sthAnAMgasUtra meM pramANa zabda kA mApana' artha meM bhI prayoga huA hai,tathA usake cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM- dravya-pramANa, kSetra-pramANa, kAlapramANa evaM bhAva-pramANa / 135 anuyogadvArasUtra meM bhAva-pramANa ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM - guNa,naya aura saMkhyA / guNoM meM jIva ke tIna guNa nirUpita haiM / jJAna,darzana aura cAritra / jJAnaguNa rUpa bhAva-pramANa ke punaH cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM,jo nyAyazAstra ke hI cAra pramANa haiM- pratyakSa, anumAna, aupamya aura aagm| 136 AgamoM meM pramANamImAMsA ke ullekha kI dRSTi se anuyogadvAra sUtra evaM sthAnAMga sUtra ko paryApta mahattva diyA jA sakatA hai,kyoMki inameM pratyakSa,anumAna,aupamya evaM Agama pramANoM kI vistRta carcA 129. draSTavya, nandIsUtra 1-43, bhagavatI sUtra, 8.2.317, SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalApustaka 13, pR0 209-253, rAjapraznIya, 60, sthAnAMga 5.3, suttAgame, 10268 130. goyamA se kiM taM pamANaM ? pamANe caubihe paNNate, taMbahA paccakkhe, aNumANe, ovamme, Agame / jahA aNuogaddAre tahA NeyavvaM pamANaM. |-bhgvtii sUtra 5.3.192, anuyogadvAra sUtra, jIvaguNa pramANavarNanadvAra / 131. ahavA heU caubihe paNNatte taM jahA-paccarakhe, aNumANe, ovamme, Agame |-sthaanaaNg sUtra , 430, suttAgame, pR0 247 132. tivihe vavasAe paNNatte taM jahA-paccakkhe, paccatite, ANugAmie |-sthaanaaNg sUtra, 245, suttAgame, pR0 215 133. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 138-139 134.(1) duvihe nANe paNNatte, paccakkhe ceva parokkhe ceva |-sthaanaaNgsuutr 103, suttAgame, pR0 187 (2) taM samAsao duvihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA paccakkhaM ca parokkhaM ca |-nndiisuutr, 2 135. caubihe pamANe paNNate, taM jahA davvappamANe, khettappamANe, kAlappamANe, bhAvappamANe / - sthAnAMga sUtra, 321, suttAgame, pR. 226, anuyogadvArasUtra, pramANadvAra / 136. se kiM NANaM guNappamANe? caubdhihe paNNate taM jahA paccakkhe, aNumANe, ovamme, Agame / - anuyogadvArasUtra, jiivgunnprmaanndvaar|

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA sannihita hai| isa carcA kA kucha aMza gautamIya nyAya se mela khAtA hai,kucha bauddha graMtha upAyahRdaya se mela khAtA hai to kucha aMza aisA bhI hai jo nitAnta maulika hai,yathA sthAnAMga sUtra meM pratyakSa-pramANa ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- kevala aura nokevala / 127 inhIM do bhedoM kA uttaravartI jainanyAya ke sAhitya meM sakala evaM vikala pratyakSa ke rUpa meM kathana huA hai / 138 anuyogadvAra sUtra meM indriyajJAna ko bhI pratyakSa pratipAdita karate hue pratyakSa ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- indriyapratyakSa aura noindriya pratyakSa / 139 jaina dArzanika jinabhadra evaM akalaGka ne saMbhava hai pratyakSa ke sAMvyavahArika evaM pAramArthika bheda pratipAdita karane kI preraNA yahAM se hI pAyI ho / dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kA kathana hai ki sAMvyavahArika evaM pAramArthika bheda akalaGkakI nayI dena nahIM hai ,kyoMki isakA mUla nandIsUtra evaM unake jinabhadragaNi kRta spaSTIkaraNa meM vidyamAna hai / 140 nyAya evaM sAMkhya darzana kI bhAMti anuyogadvArasUtra meM anumAna ke tIna bheda pratipAdita haiM- (1) pUrvavat (2) zeSavat evaM (3) dRSTasAdharmyavat / 141 kArya,kAraNa, guNa, avayava evaM Azraya se hone ke kAraNa zeSavat anumAna pAMca prakAra kA kahA gayA hai|42 dRSTasAdharmyavat ke bhI do bheda kiye gaye haiM - sAmAnya dRSTa aura vizeSa dRSTa / inameM sAmAnya dRSTa kA upamAna evaM vizeSadRSTa kA pratyabhijJAna se sAmya dikhAI detA hai / ekatra anuyogadvAra sUtra meM hI kAla kI dRSTi se anumAna ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM- atIta kAlagrahaNa,pratyutpanna kAlagrahaNa aura anAgata kAlagrahaNa / 143 ___ anumAna ke avayavoM ke sandarbha meM mUla AgamoM meM koI carcA nahIM hai, kintu bhadrabAhu racita dazavakAlika niyukti meM usake do, tIna, pAMca evaM daza avayavoM kA pratipAdana huA hai|144 do avayavoM meM pratijJA evaM udAharaNa; tIna meM pratijJA,hetu evaM udAharaNa tathA pAMca avayavoM meM pratijJA,hetu, dRSTAnta, upasaMhAra aura nigamana kA antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai / daza avayavoM kA prayoga do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai- prathama prakAra meM pratijJA, pratijJAvizuddhi, hetu, hetuvizuddhi, dRSTAnta, dRSTAntavizuddhi, upasaMhAra,upasaMhAravizuddhi,nigamana evaM nigamanavizuddhi kI gaNanA kI gayI hai tathA dvitIya prakAra meM pratijJA,pratijJA-vibhakti,hetu,hetuvibhakti,vipakSa,pratiSedha,dRSTAnta,AzaMkA,tatpratiSedha aura nigamana 137. sthAnAMga sUtra, suttAgame, pR0 187 138. tad vikalaM sakalaM ca |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.19 139. se kiM taM paccakkhe ? duvihe paNNate taM bahA-indiyapaccakkhe, NoiMdiyapaccakkhe |-anuyogdvaarsuutr, jIvaguNapramANadvAra, 140. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 135 141.(1) se kiM taM aNumANe ? se tivihe paNNate taM jahA-putvavaM, sesavaM, diTThasAhammavaM |-anuyogdvaar sUtra, anumAna prmaanndvaar| (2) nyAya evaM sAMkhya darzana meM dRSTasAdharmyavat ke sthAna para sAmAnyatodRSTa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 142. se kiM taM sesavaM? sesavaM paMcavihaM paNNattaM taM jahA-kajjeNaM, kAraNeNaM, guNeNaM, avayaveNaM, AsaeNaM- anuyogadvArasUtra, anumaanprmaanndvaar| 143. anuyogadvArasUtra, anumAnapramANadvAra / 144. draSTavya, dazavaikAlikaniyukti, gAthA, 49-50, gAthA, 92 se 137

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA 33 kA pratipAdana hai| ___ aupamya-pramANa ke anuyogadvArasUtra meM sAdhopanIta evaM vaidhopanIta ke rUpa meM do bheda kiye gaye haiN|145 sAdhopanIta tIna prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai-kiJcit sAdhopanIta, prAyaH sAdhopanIta,evaM sarvasAdhopanIta / isI prakAra vaidhayopanIta ke bhI tIna prakAra milate haiM-kiJcit vaidhayoMpanIta,prAyo vaidhopanIta evaM sarvavaidhopanIta / inake pratyeka ke udAharaNa bhI diye gaye haiN| Agama-pramANa ke laukika evaM lokottara nAma se do bheda kiye gaye haiN|146 inameM mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa veda Adi tathA bahattara kalAzAstra laukika Agama mAne gaye haiM, jo jainadArzanikoM kI udAra evaM anekAntadRSTi tathA samanvaya kI bhAvanA kA utkRSTa paricAyaka hai / lokottara Agama meM sarvajJa,sarvadarzI praNIta AcArAGga sUtrakRtAGga Adi jaina zAstroM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM hI Agama ke tIna anya bheda bhI pratipAdita haiM-AtmAgama,anantarAgama aura prmpraagm|147 tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prarUpita artharUpa Agama unake svayaM ke lie AtmAgama, gaNadharoM ke lie anantarAgama evaM gaNadharaziSyoM ke lie paramparA se prApta hone ke kAraNa paramparAgama mAne gaye haiN| isa prakAra vibhinna AgamoM meM pramANa se sambandhita sAmagrI prApta hotI hai.jo nizcita rUpa se jaina pramANa-zAstroM ke nirmANa meM upayogI siddha huI hai| niyuktiyoM evaM bhASyoM kA bhI isa dRSTi se yogadAna hai / isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki bauddha tripiTakoM kI apekSA jainAgama pramANamImAMsA kI dRSTi se samRddha haiN| upAyahadaya Adi bauddha graMthoM meM pratipAdita vAdavidyA viSayaka varNana jainAgamoM meM apekSAkRta kama upalabdha hotA hai| dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne Agamayuga kA jainadarzana pustaka meM vAdavidyA kA vistRta varNana diyA hai jo tatra draSTavya hai| anekAntasAhitya yugIna pramANamImAMsA (dvitIya zatI se sAtavIM zatI) IsavIya cauthI zatI se sAtavIM zatI kA kAla jainadarzana meM anekAnta evaM syAdvAda ke sthApana kA kAla thaa| isa kAla meM lagabhaga pratyeka jaina dArzanika anekAntavAda kI sthApanA ke lie prayatnazIla thaa| siddhasena evaM samantabhadra kA isa saMdarbha meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / anekAnta dRSTi kA Alambana lekara ina dArzanikoM ne jainetara dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA anekAnta ke upadeSTA mahAvIra kA stuti gAna kiyA hai / anekAnta ke sthApana kA kArya haribhadrasUri (700-770 I0)ne bhI anekAntajayapatAkA kA nirmANa karake kiyA,tathApi hamArI dRSTi isa samaya pramANa zAstrIya racanAoM kI ora vizeSa kendrita hai| isalie umAsvAti (dvitIya tRtIya zatI) ke tatvArthasUtra se hI hama adhyayana prArambha kareMge tathA siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra evaM samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA para apanI dRSTi kendrita kreNge| isa yuga meM kundakunda ke samayasAra , niyamasAra Adi graMthoM tathA mallavAdI 145. anuyogadArasUtra, aupamya pramANadvAra / 146. anuyogadvAra sUtra, Agama pramANadvAra / 147. ahavA Agame tivihe paNNatte taM jahA-attAgame anantarAgame paraMparAgame ya |-anuyogdvaar sUtra, AgamapramANadvAra /

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34 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kSamAzramaNa ke dvAdazAranayacakra kA bhI paryApta mahattva hai| umAsvAti (dvitIya tRtIya zatI) jaina darzana ko sarvaprathama saMskRta-sUtroM meM pratipAdita karane kA kArya AcArya umAsvAti ne kiyaa| umAsvAti ko umAsvAmI evaM gRddhapiccha ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| 148 inakA samaya IsavIya dUsarI evaM tIsarI zatAbdI nirvivAda rUpa se mAnya hai / umAsvAti kI racanA tatvArthasUtra saMkSiptarUpa meM jainadarzana ke tattvoM ko prakAzita kara mokSa mArga ko prazasta karatI hai,ataH isa sUtra ko mokSazAstra nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| pramANa evaM naya kI carcA bhI bIja rUpa meM isI sUtra meM vidyamAna hai jo Age aMkurita evaM pallavati huii|149 tatvArthasUtra meM dasa adhyAya haiM, kintu sUtroM kI saMkhyA evaM kahIM kahIM sUtroM ke svarUpa meM bhI zvetAmbara va digambara tattvArthasUtra paraspara matabheda rakhate haiM,5deg tathApi donoM kI viSaya vastu eka hai| isameM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakacAritra ko mokSa kA mArga batAyA gayA hai / matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna,manaHparyavajJAna evaM kevalajJAna ko pramANa kahakara inheM do bhAgoM meM sarvaprathama umAsvAti ne vibhakta kiyA hai / ve inameM se prathama do jJAnoM ko parokSa pramANa meM tathA antima tIna jJAnoM ko pratyakSa pramANa meM vibhakta karate haiM / 151 yahI pratyakSa-parokSa ke rUpa meM pramANa-vibhAjana jainanyAya meM AdRta huA / umAsvAti tatvArthasUtra meM anumAnapramANa kA ullekha nahIM karate,kintu anumAnapramANa kA pakSa, hetu evaM udAharaNa ina tIna avayavoM ke AdhAra para prayoga karate hue dekhe jAte haiN| unhoMne anekatra aisA prayoga kiyA hai |ek udAharaNa draSTavya hai pakSa- matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca / hetu-sdstorvishessaadydRcchoplbdhH| udAharaNa-unmattavat 152 jainadarzana meM tattvArthasUtra para usI prakAra bhASya,vArtika Adi kA nirmANa huA jisa prakAra nyAyadarzana meM nyAyasUtra pr| zvetAmbara matAvalambiyoM ke anusAra svayaM umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra para bhASa kI racanA kI / pUjyapAda devanandI (5vIM zatI uttarArddha) ne sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka TIkA kA nirmANa 14... digambara mata meM tattvArthasUtra ke racayitA gRddhapicchAcArya hai, aisA pa0 phUlacandra zAstrI ne siddha kiyA hai / - sarvArthasiddhi, pR056 149. prmaannnyairdhigmH|-tttvaarthsuutr , 1.6 150. digambara tattvArthasUtra meM kula 357 sUtra hai, jabaki zvetAmbara tattvArthasUtra meM 343 sUtra haiM, isalie kucha vidvAn digambara tattvArthasUtra ke racayitA gRddhapiccha ko umAsvAmI athavA umAsvAti se pRthak siddha karate haiN| 151. tat pramANe / Adye parokSam / pratyakSamanyat |-tttvaarthsuutr 1.10-12 152. tattvArthasUtra, 1.32-33 /

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina - paramparA kiyaa| akalaGka ne tattvArtharAjavArtika evaM vidyAnanda ne tattvArthazlokavArtika kI racanA kI / tattvArthasUtra para siddhasenagaNa evaM haribhadra kI bhI TIkAe~ haiM / prastuta adhyayana meM sarvArthasiddhi tattvArtharAjavArtika evaM tattvArthazlokavArtika kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| rAjavArtika evaM zlokavArtika kA vizeSa vivaraNa Age akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda kI racanAoM meM kiyA jAyegA / sarvArthasiddhi pAMcavIM zatI ke uttarArddha kI racanA hai, aisA paM0 phUlacanda zAstrI ne pratipAdita kiyA hai / 153 kundakunda jainadarzana meM kundakunda eka mahattvapUrNa AcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne vyavahAra evaM nizcaya naya kA vivecana kara vyavahAra ko paramArtha ke upadeza ke lie sahAyaka mAnA hai / 154 ve jJAna kA vivecana karate hue sarvajJa ko paramArthataH AtmajJa mAnate haiM / 155 jJAna ke sandarbha meM AcArya kundakunda kI pramukha dena yaha rahI ki unhoMne jJAna ko svapara prakAzaka siddha kiyA hai156 aura jJAna kI yaha svapara-prakAzakatA hI prakArAntara se pramANa kI svapara - prakAzakatA ke rUpa meM AdRta huI / 157 AcArya kundakunda kA samaya vidvajjagat meM prathama zatI I0 prasiddha hai, kintu madhusUdana DhAkI ne aneka pramANa dekara inheM chaThI sAtavIM zatI kA AcArya mAnA hai / 158 AcArya kundakunda ke samayasAra, niyamasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya, aSTapAhuDa Adi pramukha grantha haiN| siddhasena divAkara (pAMcavI zatI) siddhasena anekAntavAda ke sAtha jaina-nyAya ke bhI pratiSThApaka AcArya haiN| jainaparamparA meM siddhasena hI sarvaprathama pramANaviSayaka zAstra nyAyAvatAra kI racanA kii| nyAyAvatAra ke atirikta unakA dArzanika graMtha sanmatitarkaprakaraNa hai jisane dArzanika kSetra meM khyAti arjita kI hai| aise ullekha milate haiM ki siddhasena ne battIsa dvAtriMzikAoM kI racanA kI thI, 159 kintu unameM se aba 22 hI upalabdha haiN| inameM sAta dvAtriMzikAeM stutyAtmaka haiM, do samIkSAtmaka haiM tathA zeSa dArzanika evaM varNanAtmaka haiM / 153. sarvArthasiddhi, prastAvanA, pR0 87-88 154. taha vavahAreNa viNA paramatyuvaesaNamasakkaM / - samayasAra, 8 155. jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNayeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANadi passadi jiyameNa appANaM / - niyamasAra, 158 35 156. tamhA saparapayAsaM jANaM :- niyamasAra, 171 157. svaparavyavasAyi jJAnaM pramANam / pramANanayatattvAloka, 1.1 158. draSTavya, The date of kundakundacarya, pt. Dalsukhbhai Malvaniya Falicitation Volume, I. 159. (1) tassAgayassa teNaM pAraddhA jiNathuI samantAhi / battIsAhiM batIsiyAhiM uddAmasaddeNa // (2) siddhaseNeNa pAraddhA battIsiyAhiM jiNathuI -kuDaMgesarasIsAo nIsaraMtIpAsasAmipaDiyA kamaMkameNa ya battIsaimabattIsiyAsamattIe paDipuNNaM, taM ca daTTUNa vimhio rArAI loo / - kathAvalI, uddhRta sanmati prakaraNa, hindI prastAvanA, pR0 33-34

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA inameM sarvAdhika prasiddha evaM pramANazAstra kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI dvAtriMzikA nyAyAvatAra hai jo bAvIsavIM battIsI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kI gayI hai / siddhasena kI upalabdha samasta racanAoM kA saMkalana e0ena0 upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita, Siddhasena's Nyayavatar and other works' meM huA hai, jisakA prakAzana jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI se 1971 I0 meM huA hai / 36 AcArya siddhasena ke sthitikAla ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM kI mukhyataH do mAnyatAeM haiN| prathama mAnyatA ke saMstAvaka paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA Adi zvetAmbara jaina vidvAn haiN| jo siddhasena ko I0 cauthI pAMcavIM zatI meM siddha karate haiM / 160 dUsarI mAnyatA ke prastAvaka yA saMstAvaka paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra Adi digambara jaina vidvAn haiM jo inheM sAtavIM zatI kA siddha karate haiN| 161 jaikobI evaM pI0 ela0 vaidya ne bhI siddhasena ko sAtavIM zatI meM rakhA hai / 162 kintu paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI evaM becaradAsa dozI ne sanmatiprakaraNa kI prastAvanA meM sAtavIM zatI kI mAnyatA kA yuktipurassara khaNDana kiyA hai evaM pAMcavIM zatI kA kAla nirdhArita kiyA hai / paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne bhI isakA samarthana kiyA hai 163, haribhadrasUri ne mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ko siddhasena ke sanmatitarka kA TIkAkAra kahA hai 164 tathA mallavAdI kA samaya pAMcavIM zatI se pUrva (vikrama saMvat 414) mAnA jAtA hai| tadanusAra siddhasena kA samaya pAMcavI zatI se adhika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / kintu siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra kA AMtarika parIkSaNa unheM dinAga ke uttarakAlIna siddha karatA hai / isalie hamAre mata meM siddhasena kA samaya pAMcavIM chaTThI zatI upayukta hai / 165. prastuta adhyayana meM siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra evaM sanmatitarka kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / sAdhAraNatayA nyAyAvatAra - nyAyAvatAra jainanyAya kI prathama vyavasthita racanA hai| satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne madhyakAlIna nyAya ke antargata jainanyAya kI kRtiyoM meM ise prathama sthAna diyA hai / 166 jainanyAya kA vyavasthita rUpa bhaTTa akalaGka se prArambha mAnA gayA hai, kintu nyAyAvatAra isa dhAraNA ko mithyA siddha kara detA hai,kyoMki isameM pramANa kA saMkSipta evaM sarvAMga vivecana hai / usI kA akalaGka 160. draSTavya (i) 'zrI siddhasena divAkara nA samaya no prazna' bhAratIya vidyA, bhAga 3, pR0 152 (ii) Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR0 270 (iii) sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, prastAvanA 161. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, pR. 543 se 566 162. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana,, pR. 271 163. a. gamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 271 164. uktaM ca vAdimukhyena zrI mallavAdinA sammatau / anekAntajayapatAkA, bhAga-2, pR0 47 165. siddhasena kA yaha samaya nirdhArita karane ke pIche aneka tarka hai, yathA (i) pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi meM siddhasena kI tIsarI dvAtriMzikA kA 16 vAM padya uddhRta huA hai| draSTavya, sarvArthasiddhi 7.13 evaM tRtIya dvAtriMzikA kA 16 vA~ padya / (ii) nyAyAvatAra meM jo 'abhrAnta' pada kA ullekha huA hai vaha dArzanika asaGga se AyA hai, dharmakIrti se nahIM / asaGga ne pratyakSalakSaNa meM aprAnta pada kA prayoga isa prakAra kiyA hai- 'pratyakSaM svasatyaprakAzA' bhrAnto'rtha :-abhidharmasamuccaya, vizvabhAratI saMskaraNa, 1959, pariccheda 4, pR0 105 166. A History of Indian Logic, p. 173

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina- paramparA kI kRtiyoM meM vikAsa huA hai| siddhasena ke samaya taka pramANa kA upayoga Ama bAta ho gayI thI isalie ve kahate haiM ki pramANAdi kI vyavasthA anAdi nidhanAtmaka hai tathA isakA vyavahAra karane vAloM meM bhI yaha prasiddha hai, tathApi mUDha janoM ke vyAmoha ke nivAraNa hetu isakI racanA kI jA rahI hai 167 168 pratibhAmUrti siddhasena kI 32 kArikA parimita isa nyAyaracanA meM pramANa kA lakSaNa, pramANa-bheda evaM unake svarUpa kA sAragarbhita nirUpaNa hai| siddhasena ne sva evaM para ke AbhAsI tathA bAdhavivarjita jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai' 'tathA usako pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| parokSa pramANa meM ve anumAna evaM Agama pramANa kA hI antarbhAva karate haiM, smRti, pratyabhijJAna va tarka kA nahIM / isakA tAtparya hai ki smRti Adi pramANoM kA vikAsa siddhasena ke pazcAt bhaTTa akalaGka Adi dArzanikoM ne kiyA hai / siddhasena ne pratyakSa pramANa kA vistRta vivaraNa nahIM dete hue bhI use artha kA sAkSAt grAhaka jJAna pratipAdita kiyA / 169 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA mata hai ki uttarakAla meM akalaGka dvArA nirUpita sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa AcArya siddhasena ko bhI abhISTa hai / 170 bauddha darzana meM jisa prakAra anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha bheda kiye gaye, siddhasena unheM pratyakSa meM bhI lAgU karate haiN| 171 siddhasena kA mata hai ki pratyakSa evaM anumAna donoM pramANa abhrAnta haiM / bhrAnta jJAna kA pramANa honA zakya nahIM hai / 172 siddhasena ke anusAra sAdhyAvinAbhAvI liGga se sAdhya kA nizcaya honA anumAna hai|' yaha anumAna tathopapatti evaM anyathAnupapatti rUpa dvividha hetuoM se hotA hai| 174 sAdhya evaM sAdhana kI vyApti jahAM nizcita ho vahAM sAdharmya dRSTAnta hotA hai tathA sAdhya ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva pAye jAne para vaidharmyadRSTAnta hotA hai| 172 . 173 siddhasena ne hetu ke anyathAnupapatti rUpa lakSaNa kA pratipAdana karane ke sAtha usake asiddha, 167. (1) pramANAdivyavastheyamanAdinidhanAtmikA / sarvasaMvyavahartRRNAM prasiddhApi prakIrtitA // - nyAyAvatAra, 32 (2) prasiddhAnAM pramANAnAM lakSaNoktau prayojanam / tadvyAmohanivRttiH syAd vyAmUDhamanasAmiha || nyAyAvatAra, 3 168. pramANaM svaparA bhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam / - nyAyAvatAra, 1 169. aparokSatayArthasya grAhakaM jJAnamIdRzam / pratyakSamitarad jJeyaM parokSaM grahaNekSayA // - nyAyAvatAra, 4 170. Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR0 276 171. pratyakSeNAnumAnena prasiddhArthaprakAzanAt / parasya tadupAyatvAt parArthatvaM dvayorapi // - nyAyAvatAra, 11 172. anumAnaM tadabhrAntaM pramANatvAt samakSavat / na pratyakSamapi prAntaM pramANatvavinizcayAt / bhrAntaM pramANamityetad viruddhavacanaM yataH |-nyaayaavtaar, 5-6 173. sAdhyAvinAbhuno liGgAt sAdhyanizcAyakaM smRtam / - nyAyAvatAra, 5 174. nyAyAvatAra, 17 175. nyAyAvatAra, 18-19 37

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38 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA anaikAntika evaM viruddha hetvAbhAsoM kA bhI kathana kiyA hai / 176 yaha unake pramANa-vyavasthApana ke prauDhatva kA sUcaka hai / siddhasena ne apanI isa laghukAya kRti meM pramANoM ke sAtha naya kI bhI carcA kI hai| unake dvArA pradatta pramAtA kA lakSaNa bhI ullekhanIya hai / 177 isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki siddhasena viracita nyAyAvatAra jainanyAya kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI Adya kRti hai, jisakA avalambana uttarakAlavI jaina naiyAyikoM ne avazya liyA hai| zAntisUri kA vArtika evaM siddharSigaNi kI vivRti -nyAyAvatAra para pUrNatalagacchIya zAntisUri kA vArtika tathA siddharSigaNi kI vivRti (TIkA) prasiddha hai / zAntisUri kRta vArtika evaM vRtti kA prakAzana siMghI jaina graMthamAlA baMbaI se paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke saMpAdana meM 1949 I. meM huA hai / zAntisUri ne apane vArtika meM siddhasena kRta pramANa cintana kA poSaNa evaM jainetaradArzanikoM kI pramANa mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai / unhoMne jJAtA kI apekSA se prameya do prakAra kA mAnA hai tathA dUra evaM nikaTa se jo pratibhAsa meM bheda hotA hai usake AdhAra para prameya ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa kahA hai|178 zAntisUri ne vizada jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai tathA use tIna prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA haiindriyapratyakSa, anindripratyakSa evaM yogaja pratyakSa / 179 vaizadya kI paribhASA zAntisari kI apanI nijI vizeSatA hai / unake anusAra idantayA pratibhAsa hI vaizadya hai / 18deg dharmakIrti evaM diinAga kA prabhAva bhI zAntisUri para parilakSita hotA hai / dharmakIrti ne pratyakSa ko kalpanApoDha kahakara use pratyakSa se siddha batalAyA hai / zAntisUri ne pratyakSa ko kalpanAyukta kahakara pratyakSa se hI siddha kahA hai / 181 zAntisUri ne parokSa pramANa ko do prakAra kA mAnA hai -liGga se hone vAlA anumAna evaM zabdoM se hone vAlA aagm|182 smRti,pratyabhijJAna,evaM tarka ko zAntisUri ne pRthak pramANa nahIM mAnA hai, kintu anya dArzanikoM dvArA mAnane kA unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai|83 pAtrakesarI ke anyathAnupapannatva zloka ko bhI zAntisUri uddhRta karate haiM / zAMtisUri AcArya siddhasena, mallavAdI evaM samantabhadra ke pazcAt 176. anyathAnupapanatvaM hetorlakSaNamIritam / tadapratItisaMdehaviparyAsaistadAbhatA // asiddhastvapratIto yo yo'nyathaivopapadyate / viruddho yo'nyathApyatra yukto' naikAntika: sa tu ||-nyAyAvatAra, 22-23 177. pramAtA svAnyanirbhAsI kartA bhoktA vivRttimAn / svasaMvedanasaMsiddho jIva: kSityAdyanAtmakaH ||-nyaayaavtaar,31 178. nyAyAvatAravArtika, 12-14 179. nyAyAvatAravArtika,17 180. vaizadyamidantvenAvabhAsanam |-nyaayaavtaarvaartik, 17 181. dharmakIrti-pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhaM pratyakSeNaiva sidhyati |-prmaannvaartik 2.123 zAntisUri-pratyakSa kalpanAyuktaM pratyakSeNaiva sidhyati |-nyaayaavtaarvaartik, 28 182. parokSa dvividhaM prAhuliMgazabdasamudbhavam |-nyaayaavtaarvaartik , 38 183. (i) laiGgikAt pratyabhijJAdi bhinnamanye pracakSate |-nyaayaavtaarvaartik, 38 (ii) smRtyUhAdikamityeke---nyAyAvatAravArtika,19

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA 39 hue haiM aisA unake kathana se pratIta hotA hai asiddhaH siddhasenasya viruddho mallavAdinaH / QdhA samantabhadrasya heturekAntasAdhane |-nyaayaavtaarvaartik, 53 isameM pradatta krama saMbhavataH siddhasena, mallavAdI evaM samantabhadra kA paurvAparya nirdhArita kara detA hai| mallavAdI ke nayacakra kA prathama padya bhI zAntisUri ne apane vArtika meM uddhRta kiyA hai / 184 siddharSigaNi racita nyAyAvatAravivRti meM dharmakIrti kumArila, dharmottara, prajJAkaragupta Adi dArzanikoM kA khaNDana huA hai / isa AdhAra para siddharSigaNi ko I. navIM zatAbdI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| e0ena0upAdhye ne inakA samaya vikrama saMvat 962 diyA hai tadanusAra unheM IsavIya navIM zatI meM mAnanA ucita prata ra hotA hai| siddharSigaNi kI TIkA siddhasena ke mUla-kathana ko prakAzita karane ke sAtha apanI maulika vizeSatA bhI rakhatI hai| sanmatitarkaprakaraNa-siddhasena kA prAkRta bhASA meM racita yaha mahattvapUrNa dArzanika graMtha hai| isameM 166 padya tathA tIna kANDa haiM |prthm kANDa kA nAma 'nayakaMDayaM' dvitIya kA nAma 'jIvakaMDayaM' hai evaM tRtIya kANDa ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai / paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ne ina tInoM kANDoM kI viSayavastu ke AdhAra para unako isa krama se naye nAma diye haiM yathA- nayamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA evaM jJeyamImAMsA |smpuurnn sanmatitarka meM siddhasena ne apane samaya taka pracalita athavA carcita dArzanika abhimatoM kA anekAnta dRSTi se parIkSaNa kiyA hai| ve prathamakANDa meM anekAntavAda se phalita nayavAda evaM saptabhaMgIvAda kI carcA karate haiN| dUsare kANDa meM darzana evaM jJAna kI mImAMsA hai / siddhasena ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki darzana se dravya kA tathA jJAna se paryAya kA grahaNa hotA hai / 185 kevalajJAna evaM kevala darzana kA ve yugapadbhAva athavA abhedavAda sthApita karate haiN| tIsare kANDa meM anekAntadRSTi se jJeyatattva kI carcA kI gayI hai / isameM sAmAnya aura vizeSavAda,astitva aura nAstitvavAda,AtmasvarUpavAda,dravya aura guNa kA bhedAbhedavAda Adi aneka viSayoM kA sUkSma,vistRta evaM spaSTa nirUpaNa karate hue ekAnta aura anekAnta ke udAharaNa dekara unake guNa-doSa batalAe gaye haiM |siddhsen kI mAnyatA hai ki jitane vacanamArga hote haiM,utane hI naya ho sakate haiM / 186 naya ke sambandha meM unakA yaha cintana bhAratIyadarzana meM Aja bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| sammatitarkaprakaraNa para AcArya abhayadevasUri kRta tattvabodhavidhAyinI nAmaka vistRta evaM 184. vaha padya hai-vidhiniyamabhaMgavRttivyatiriktatvAdanakavacovat / jainAdanyacchAsanamanRtaM bhavatIti vaidharmyam ||-nyaayaavtaarvaartik,56 185. jaM sAmaNNagahaNaM dasaNameyaM visesiyaM nANaM / doNha vi NayANa eso pADekkaM atthapajjAo ||-sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, 2.1 186. jAvaiA vayaNapahA tAvaiA ceva huMti NayavAyA |-snmtitrk-prkrnn, 3.37

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA mahattvapUrNa TIkA hai jisakI carcA Age kI jaayegii| samantabhadra (SaSTha zatI) ___samantabhadra kI vicAradRSTi bhI siddhasena ke sadRza anekAntavAda se ota-prota hai / jisa prakAra siddhasena kI stutyAtmaka dvAtriMzikAeM haiM usI prakAra samantabhadra bhI stutiparaka saMskRta kAvya kI racanA karate haiM / samantabhadra ne stutiparaka kAvyoM meM hI dArzanika mantavyoM ko gUMtha diyA hai / dArzanika racanAoM kI dRSTi se unakI upalabdha tIna racanAe~ pramukha haiM-AptamImAMsA , yuktyanuzAsana evaM svayambhUstotra / 87 inameM prathama do kRtiyAM jainetara dArzanikoM kA upasthApana kara unameM rahI kamiyoM ko prastuta karatI haiM tathA Apta kI stuti karatI haiM / samantabhadra ke sthitikAla ke sambandha meM vivAda hai| paM0 jugalakizora mukhAra aneka yuktiyAM dekara inako pUjyapAda evaM siddhasena se pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM rakhate haiM188 darabArI lAla koThiyA ne samantabhadra ko nAgArjuna ke uttarakAlIna evaM diinAga ke pUrva siddha kiyA hai / 189 ve kumArila evaM dharmakIrti ko samantabhadra kA Alocaka mAnate haiM / 190 isa dRSTi se koThiyA paM0 jugalakizora ke samarthaka hai / kailAzacandra zAstrI ne inheM zabarasvAmI ke kAla meM tIsarI cauthI zatI kA dArzanika mAnA hai / 191 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, dalasukha mAlavaNiyA Adi vidvAn dvitIya-tRtIya zatI ke mantavyoM kA khaNDana karake inako chaThI zatAbdI kA dArzanika siddha karate haiN| 192 satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa ne bhI 600 I. kA samaya nirdhArita kiyA hai / 193 muni jambUvijaya jI ne dvAdazAranayacakra ke prAkkathana meM pRSTha 17 para pratipAdita kiyA hai ki samantabhadra ne diinAga ke mantavyoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| jo bhI ho, kintu samantabhadra kI racanAoM kA Antarika parIkSaNa inheM chaThI zatAbdI se Age nahIM le jA pAtA hai / siddhasena evaM samantabhadra kI racanAoM meM anekatra sAmya hai| donoM syAdvAda evaM anekAntavAda ke poSaka haiM tathA vijJAnavAda, kSaNikavAda Adi siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karate haiN| donoM para dharmakIrti evaM kumArila bhaTTa kA prabhAva nahIM hai / samantabhadra ne bhAvaikAnta,abhAvaikAnta,nityaikAnta,anityaikAnta Adi kA nirAkaraNa kara anekAnta mArga se unakA samanvaya kiyA hai| samantabhadra parIkSApradhAna AcArya the| Age unakI pramukha racanAoM kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| yuktyanuzAsana-causaTha padyoM kA yuktyanuzAsana stutiparaka kAvya hotA huA bhI yuktipUrvaka - 187. samantabhadra kI anya do upalabdha racanAe~ mAnI jAtI haiM-stutividyA evaM ralakaraNDazrAvakAcAra / unakI anupalabdha racanAeM mAnI gayI hai-jIvasiddhi evaM gandhahastibhASya / 188. svAmI samantabhadra kA samaya nirNaya, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, prathama khaNDa, pR.689 se 697 189. jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, pR0 107 se 118 190. jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, pR0 119 se 133 191. je-nyAya, pR09 192. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, prastAvanA 883. A History of Indian Logic, p. 183

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA jainetara darzanoM kI parIkSA kara AptavacanoM ko yuktyanukUla siddha karatA hai evaM unheM samIcIna ThaharAtA hai| isameM stutyAtmaka bhAvukatA kama evaM tArkikatA adhika hai| samantabhadra ne isameM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, nirvikalpa pratyakSa, vijJAnavAda Adi kA khaNDana kiyA hai| cArvAka, mImAMsA, nyAya, vaizeSika Adi ke dvArA mAnya dArzanika mantavyoM ko bhI bahuta sarala DhaMga se samantabhadra DhahA dete haiN| ve yajJa meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko bhI anucita ThaharAte haiN| saptabhaMgI-syAdvAda kA nirUpaNa ve eka hI zloka meM kara dene meM dakSa haiM / 194 samantabhadra ne Apta ke arthaprarUpaNa ko pratyakSa evaM Agama se aviruddha kahakara yuktyanuzAsita batalAyA hai / 195 isase pratIta hotA hai ki samantabhadra bhI siddhasena kI bhAMti pratyakSa, anumAna evaM Agama ye tIna hI pramANa svIkAra karate haiN| AptamImAMsA-AptamImAMsA meM daza pariccheda evaM 114 kArikAeM haiN| nAmAnusAra isameM Apta kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai / Apta ko samantabhadra ne nirdoSa batalAyA hai tathA unakI vANI ko yuktizAstra se aviruddha kahA hai / 196 samantabhadra kI saraNi ekAntavAda kI virodhI hai,unhoMne bhAva,abhAva, advaita, dvaita,nitya,anitya,bheda,abheda,Adi ekAntoM kI samIkSA karake unameM nayadRSTi se pArasparika samanvaya sthApita kara anekAntavAda ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| anekAnta kA kathana syAdvAda dvArA hotA hai| samantabhadra syAdvAda kA yaha lakSaNa nirdhArita karate haiM syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAt kiMvRttacidvidhiH / saptapaGganayApekSo heyAdeyavizeSakaH / / (AptamImAMsA, 104) arthAt sarvathA ekAnta kA tyAga karake kathaJcit vidhAna karanA syAdvAda hai / vaha sAta bhaMgoM aura nayoM kI apekSA rakhatA hai,tathA heya aura upAdeya ke bheda ko batalAtA hai| ___ samantabhadra vastu ko utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka siddha karate haiM / vastu pratisamaya utpanna hotI hai,naSTa hotI hai evaM phira bhI dhruva banI rahatI hai / ghaTa ko tor3akara mukuTa banAne para ghaTa naSTa hotA hai,mukuTa utpanna hotA hai evaM svarNa banA hI rahatA hai / 197 yadyapi AptamImAMsA nyAyaviSayaka racanA nahIM hai, phira bhI isameM kucha aMzoM meM pramANa kI carcA bhI upalabdha hotI hai / pramANa kA lakSaNa dete samantabhadra ne tattvajJAna ko pramANa kahA hai / 198 ve kevalajJAna rUpa pramANa kA phala upekSA batalAte haiM tathA zeSa jJAnoM yA pramANoM kA phala AdAna, hAna aura upekSA batalAte hue samasta pramANoM kA phala ajJAnanAza bhI 194. vidhiniSedho'nabhilApyatA ca, virekazasvirdiza eka eva / yo vikalpAstava saptadhA 'mI, syAcchabdaneyA: sakale'rthabhede ||-yuktynushaasn, 45 195. dRSTAgamAbhyAmaviruddhamarthaprarUpaNaM yuktyanuzAsanaM te |-yuktynushaasn, 48 196. sa tvamevAsi nidoSo yuktizAstrAvirodhivAk / / - AptamImAMsA, 6 197. ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI naashotpaadsthitissvym|| zokapramodamAdhyasthaM jano yAti sahetukam ||-aaptmiimaaNsaa, 59 198. tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapat sarvabhAsanam |-aaptmiimaaNsaa, 101

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42 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratipAdita karate haiM / 199 samantabhadra yukti evaM tarka se sarvajJa kI siddhi karate haiN|20deg pramANa evaM pramANAbhAsa kI carcA karate samaya ve jJAna ko prameya mAnane para use pramANa hI mAnate haiM tathA bAhyArtha ko prameya mAnane para pramANa evaM pramANAbhAsa donoM kI saMbhAvanA vyakta karate haiN| 201 samantabhadra ne bAhyArtha kI sattA svIkAra na karane vAle vijJAnavAdiyoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA kevala bAhyArtha kI sattA mAnane vAle dArzanikoM kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| AptamImAMsA para jainadarzana ke pratiSThAprApta naiyAyika akalaGkane aSTazatI nAmaka bhASya likhA hai tathA akalaGkakI aSTazatI para vidyAnanda ne aSTasahasrI nAmaka vistRta TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA hai| inakA paricaya akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda ke paricaya ke sAtha Age diyA jaayegaa| svayambhUstotra-yaha stutiparaka kAvya hai jisameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI gayI hai aura stuti ke vyAja se hI anekAntavAda,syAdvAda evaM nayavAda ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| samantabhadra kahate haiM ki jo sarvathA asat hai usakA janma nahIM hotA aura jo sat hai usakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA / bujhA huA dIpaka bhI andhakAra rUpa pudgala paryAya ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai / 202 svayambhUstotra meM samantabhadra anekAnta kA nirUpaNa karate hue anekAnta ko bhI anekAntAtmaka batalAte haiN|203 ve syAdvAda ke prabala samarthaka haiM tathA syAt zabda se prabhAvita dikhAI dete haiM / unake anusAra syAt zabda sarvathA rUpa se kathana karane ke niyama kA tyAgI evaM yathAdRSTa kI apekSA rakhane vAlA hotA hai / 204 syAdvAda pratyakSa evaM AgamAdi pramANoM se aviruddha hotA hai tathA nirdoSa hotA hai / 205 samantabhadra kA prasiddhi prApta pramANalakSaNa bhI svayambhUstotra meM hI hai jisake anusAra sva-para kA prakAzaka jJAna hI pramANa hai / 206 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa aura dvAdazAranayacakra (5vIM zatI) mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa 207 jaina darzana ke pramukha vicakSaNa tArkika the| ye apanI racanA 199. upekSA phalamAdyasya zeSasyAdAnahAnadhIH / pUrvA'jJAnanAzo vA sarvasyAsya svagocare |-aaptmiimaaNsaa, 102 200. sUkSmAntaritadUrA: pratyakSAH ksycidythaa| anumeyatvato'gnyAdiriti sarvajJasaMsthiti: |-aaptmiimaaNsaa, 5 201. bhAvaprameyApekSAyAM pramANAmAsanihavaH / bahiH prameyApekSAyAM pramANaM tatribhaM ca te ||-aaptmiimaaNsaa,83 202. naivAsato janma sato na nAzo dIpastamaH pudgalabhAvato'sti / - svayambhUstotra, 24 203. anekAnto'pyanekAnta: pramANanayasAdhanaH / anekAnta: pramANAtte tadekAnto'rpitAtrayAt ||-svayambhUstotra,103 204. sarvathAniyamatyAgI, ythaadRssttmpeksskH| syAcchabdastAvake nyAye, nAnyeSAmAtmavidviSAm ||-svymbhuustotr, 102 205. anavadya: syAdvAdastava dRSTeSTAvirodhata: |-svymbhuustotr, 138 206. svaparAvabhAsakaM jJAnaM yathA pramANaM muvi buddhilakSaNam / svayambhUstotra, 63 207. eka mallavAdI ne nyAyabindu para dhamottara TippaNa likhe haiM, kintu ke mallavAdI dvAdazAranayacakra ke kartA kSamAzramaNa mallavAdI se bhinna hai|-dhottrprdiip, prastAvanA,pu055 -

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina - paramparA 208 dvAdazAranayacakra meM vasubandhu evaM dinAga sammata dArzanika evaM pramANa sambaddha mAnyatAoM ko uddhRta kara unakA khaNDana karate haiM, kintu dharmakIrti dvArA pratipAdita mAnyatAoM kA inakI racanA meM kahIM bhI saMketa nahIM milatA hai| ataH inakA samaya diGnAga (470-530 I0) ke pazcAt evaM dharmakIrti (620-680 I0 ) ke pUrva honA caahie| mallavAdI ke sambandha meM aneka prazastiyAM milatI haiM, jo inako bauddhoM para vijaya prApta karane vAlA siddha karatI haiN| eka prazasti ke anusAra inhoMne buddhAnanda nAmaka bauddha dArzanika ko parAjita kiyA thA / 209 hemacandrAcArya siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana meM 'utkRSTe'nUpena' 2.3.39 sUtra kI bRhadvRtti meM 'anumallavAdinaM tArkikAH' dvArA mallavAdI kI utkRSTatA pratipAdita karate haiM / prabhAvakacarita meM ullikhita gAthA ke AdhAra para inhoMne vIra saMvat 884 meM bauddhoM para vijaya prApta kI thI / 210 vIrasaMvat 884 ke AdhAra para mallavAdI kI vijaya vikrama saM0 414 evaM I0 san 357 meM sthApita kI jAtI hai, kintu diGnAga mantavyoM kA khaNDana karane ke kAraNa mallavAdI kA samaya dinAga ke pUrva nirdhArita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| mallavAdI kI isa prasiddha racanA dvAdazAranayacakra meM vArSagaNya, vasurAta evaM bhartRhari kA bhI khaNDana milatA hai / 211 siddhasena ke sanmatitarka para mallavAdI kI TIkA hone kA bhI haribhadra dvArA ullekha hai / 212 ataH mallavAdI kA samaya siddhasena evaM diGnAga ke samakAlIna athavA kucha uttaravartI pAMcavIM zatI meM honA caahie| yadi vIra nirvANa saMvat 527 I0 pU0 ke sthAna para 467 I0 pU0 svIkAra kiyA jAya to mallavAdI kA samaya 417 I0 nirdhArita hotA hai| mallavAdI saMbhava hai usake pazcAt 500 I0 taka jIvita rahe hoM aura unhoMne tabhI diDnAga Adi ke mantavyoM kA khaNDana kiyA ho / mallavAdI kI racanAoM meM ekamAtra dvAdazAranayacakra upalabdha hai| usakA mUla rUpa usa para siMhasUri viracita nyAyAgamAnusAriNI TIkA ke AdhAra para saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| isa dizA meM vijayalabdhisUrIzvara dvArA 1948 I0 meM prayAsa kiyA gayA thaa| unake anantara vyavasthita rUpa se munijambUvijaya jI dvArA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| unake dvArA saMpAdita evaM saMkalita dvAdazAranayacakra ke tInoM bhAga prakAzita ho cuke haiN| dvAdazAranAyacakra meM jainetara mantavya jo loka meM pracalita the, unhIM ko naya mAnakara unakA vividhanayoM ke rUpa meM saMgraha kiyA gayA hai aura kisa prakAra jainadarzana sarvanayamaya hai, yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai / mithyAmatoM kA samUha hokara bhI jainamata kisa prakAra samyak hai aura mithyAmatoM ke samUha kA 208. jainadArzanika sAhitya meM aneka "nayacakra" haiM - zrImAilladhavala viracita dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra, devasena viracita nayacakra Adi, kintu dvAdazAranayacakra inase sarvathA prAcIna hai| 43 209. dvAdazAranayacakra (ja.) bhAga-1, prAkkathana, pR0 14 210. zrI vIravatsarAdadha zatASTake caturazItisaMyukte / , jigye se mallavAdI bauddhAMstadvyantarAMzcApi // - prabhAvakacarita, 81, uddhRta dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga-1, prAkkathana, pR0 15 211. dvAdazAranayacakra, (ja.) bhAga-1, prAkkathana pR. 19-22 212. uktaM ca vAdimukhyena zrImallavAdinA sammatau - anekAntajayapatAkA, bhAga 2, pR0 47

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA anekAntavAda meM kisa prakAra sAmaJjasya hotA hai yaha dikhAnA nayacakrakAra kA uddezya hai / dvAdazAranayacakra meM naya ko bAraha aroM ke rUpa meM prastuta kara tatkAlIna dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA balapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA gayA hai, tathA anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| dvAdazAranayacakra kA prastuta adhyayana meM isalie adhika mahattva hai, kyoMki isameM diGnAga sammata pramANa kA khaNDana prApta hotA hai / jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (SaSTha- saptama zatI) jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa prasiddha bhASyakAra haiM / inhoMne AvazyakasUtra para prAkRtabhASA meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI racanA kI thI jisameM vividha Agamika evaM dArzanika viSayoM ke sAtha jJAna para bhI carcA huI hai| bhASya kA adhikAMza matijJAna, zrutajJAna Adi pAMca jJAnoM kI carcA meM rukA huA hai / pramANa mImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM jJAna kI carcA kA bar3A mahattva hai, kyoMki jainadarzana meM jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apane bhASya meM matijJAna ke bhedoM kA vivecana karate hue avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA ke svarUpa para vizada prakAza DAlA hai| 213 unhoMne hI jaina dArzanikoM meM sarvaprathama indriya pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA / 214 yadyapi jinabhadra kA pratipAdya pramANa nahIM rahA tathApi unakA yaha bhASya jJAnamImAMsA kA vivecana karane ke kAraNa pramANazAstra kA aMga bana gayA hai| 1 44 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para jinabhadra kI svopajJavRtti apUrNa raha gayI thI jise koTyAcArya ne pUrNa kiyA thA tathA maladhArI hemacandra ne isa bhASya para vRtti kA nirmANa kiyA hai jo bhASya ke hArda ko samajhane ke lie atyanta upAdeya hai| jinabhadra kA kAla zaka saMvat 531 I0 se pUrva arthAt IsavIya chaThI sAtavIM zatI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 215 ye zvetAmbara jainAcArya the / siMhasUri (saptamazatI kA pUrvArddha) mallavAdI ke dvAdazAranayacakra para siMhasUri kI nyAyAgamAnusAriNI TIkA dArzanika kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| isa TIkA meM siMhasUri siddhasena ke sanmatitarka evaM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyakabhAvya se bhI upayogI aMza uddhRta karate haiM, kintu dharmakIrti kI racanAoM kA ina para koI prabhAva nahIM hai / ataH ve siddhasena (pAMcavIM zatI) evaM jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa (SaSTha zatI) ke pazcAt hue haiM tathA dharmakIrti ke pUrva aisA anumAna hotA hai| caturavijayajI evaM vijaya labdhisUrIzvara jI ne nayacakra kI prastAvanA meM siMhasUri ko saptama zatAbdI ke prArambhika kAla meM rakhA hai, ' jo 216 213. draSTavya, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 178 se 405 214. iMdiyamaNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM / - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 95 215. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI racanA zaka saMvat 513 taka ho gaI thI, aisA jaisalamera jJAna bhaNDAra ke vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke tADapatra kI aMtima do gAthAoM meM dI gaI tithi se jJAta hotA hai / - dvAdazAranayacakra (ja) bhAga-1, prastAvanA pR0 74 216. draSTavya, dvAdazAranayacakra, (caturavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita tathA vijayalabdhisUrIzvarajI dvArA saMpAdita) bhAga-1 kI prastAvanA

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai / muni jambUvijaya jI devardhigaNikSamAzramaNa (vikramasaMvat 510) se siMhasUri ko prAcIna mAnate haiN| 217 siMhasUri apanI TIkA meM vasubandhu diinAgAdi dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM ko pUrva pakSa meM rakhakara unakA khaNDana karate haiM / siMhasUri ne bauddha pramANalakSaNa meM pratyakSa kA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se parIkSaNa kiyA hai| sumati (sAtavIM AThavIM zatI) ___sumati nAmaka mahAn jainadArzanika kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha evaM AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM dArzanika jagat meM dhAka thii| yadyapi sumati nAmaka AcArya kI koI kRti upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita tatvasaGgraha meM aneka bAra sumati nAmaka AcArya ke mata ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthApita karate haiN| 218 isase sumati nAmaka digambara jainAcArya ke mahattva evaM kAla kA anumAna ho jAtA hai / zAntarakSita kA samaya 705 se 764 I. mAnA gayA hai,sumati unase pUrva yA usI samaya vidyamAna rahe hoNge| kamalazIla tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA meM sumati kA nAmollekha karake hI unake mata kI vyAkhyA karate haiM,219 isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kamalazIla ke kAla meM sumati kA mata pracalana meM athavA prabhAva meM rahA thaa| sumati eka aise digambara jainAcArya haiM jinhone zvetAmbarAcArya siddhasena ke sanmatitarka para vivRti likhI thii|22deg vaha vivRti abhI anupalabdha hai| pAtrasvAmI (sAtavIM AThavIM zatI) ___ sumati kI bhA~ti pAtrasvAmI athavA pAtrakesarI bhI prasiddha jaina naiyAyika rahe haiN| inakI prasiddha racanA hai trilakSaNakadarthana / isameM pAtrasvAmI kI eka maulika dena hai- hetu ke avinAbhAvI lakSaNa dvArA bauddhoM ke trirUpahetu (pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva) kA khnnddn| akalaGka evaM akalaGkottarAcArya inake trilakSaNakadarthana ke eka zloka ko yatra tatra uddhRta karate hue dekhe jAte haiM / 221 vaha zloka hai anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnanyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim // isa zloka meM bauddhoM ke hetu trairUpya kA khaNDana kara use anAvazyaka siddha kiyA gayA hai| bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ne bhI ise tattvasaGgraha meM uddhRta kiyA hai / 222 zAntarakSita ne pAtrasvAmI ke mata 217. draSTavya, dvAdazAranayacakra, (ja) prAkkathana, pR0 31 218. draSTavya, tatvasaMgraha, kArikA 1264,1275, 1276, 1723-24, 1754 Adi / 219. yathA, tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, pR0 463 kArikA 1264 kI vyAkhyA meM, nanvityAdinA prathame hetau sumaterdigambarasya mtenaasiddhtaamaashngkte|' 220. paM. kailAzacandra, jaina nyAya, pR0 25 221. yathA, nyAyavinizcaya,154-55.pramANaparIkSA, pa049,syAdvAdaratnAkara,10521, pramANamImAMsA, pR040 222. tattvasaGgraha, 1368

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ko vistAra se upasthApita kara usakA nirasana kiyA hai / 223 pAtrasvAmI kI anya racanA kA samprati koI ullekha nahIM milA hai| inakA bhI samaya sAtavIM zatI ke uttarArddha evaM AThavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha meM akalaGka ke pUrva rahA hogaa| kyoMki akalaGka inake prasiddha zloka 'anyathAnupapannatvaM' ko uddhRta karate haiN| zrIdatta zrIdatta nAmaka AcArya kA ullekha akalaGka ke tatvArthavArtika 224 evaM vidyAnanda ke tattvArthazlokavArtika meM milatA hai| vidyAnanda ne zrIdatta ko 63 vAdiyoM kA jetA batalAte hue unake jalpanirNaya nAmaka graMtha kA nirdeza kiyA hai| 225 yaha graMtha vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| kumAranandI (AThavIM zatI) ___vidyAnanda kI kRtiyoM meM kumAranandI kA aneka bAra ullekha huA hai / kumAranandI vidyAnanda se pUrva evaM akalaGka ke pazcAt hue,aisA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai / inakI eka prasiddha kRti vAdanyAya hai jo samprati anupalabdha hai| vidyAnanda ne pramANaparIkSA meM kumAranandI kA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai226 jo unake nyAyaviSayaka pANDitya kA paryApta nidarzana hai / haribhadrasUri (700-770 I0) __AThavIM sadI meM yAkinImahattarAsUnu AcArya haribhadra ne anekavidha graMthoM kI racanA kara khyAti arjita kI / ve bhAratIya darzana ke prakANDajJAtA the| SaDdarzanasamuccaya nAmaka unakI dArzanika kRti isakA nidarzana hai| haribhadrasUri ne pramANazAstrIya graMtha nirmANa kI ora kama dhyAna diyA, tathApi anekAnta siddhAnta ke sthApanArtha racita unakI kRti anekAntajayapatAkA pramANazAstrIya viSayoM kA bhI yathAprasaMga pratipAdana karatI hai| haribhadrasUri kI anya dArzanika racanA zAstravArtAsamuccaya hai jo anekadRSTiyoM se ullekhanIya hai / haribhadrasari ne bauddha pramANa-zAstroM para bhI TIkAe~ evaM vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiM,isakA nidarzana zaMkarasvAmI ke nyAyapraveza paralikhI gayI paJjikA hai / kintu yaha haribhadrasUri inase bhinna hai yA vahI hai ,yaha nizcita nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / haribhadrasUri ke kAla ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivAda nahIM rahA / I0 700 se 770 taka unakI vidyamAnatA mAnI jAtI hai / 227 akalaGka evaM taduttaravartI pramANamImAMsA (8vIM se 12 vIM zatI) akalaGka ke pUrva jainanyAya viSayaka racanAeM atyalpa thIM,stutyAtmaka evaM anekAntavAda kI 223. tattvasaGgraha, 1353-1428 224. zrIdattamiti, siddhasenamiti-tattvArthavArtika, 1.13.1 225. dviprakAraM jagI jalpaM tttvpraatibhgocrm|| viSaSTervAdinA jetA zrIdatto jalpanirNaye / / - tattvArthazlokavArtika, nirNayasAgara, bambaI, pR. 280 226. tathA cAbhyadhAyi kumAranandi bhaTTArakai: anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaliGgamaMgyate |pryogpripaattii tu pratipAdyAnurodhata: |- pramANaparIkSA, pR0 49 227. haribhadrasUri ke sandarbha meM vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie draSTavya, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura san 1963

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA deg) pratiSThApaka racanAoM kA hI bAhulya thA, kintu 8vIM zatI se 12vIM zatI ke kAla meM akalaGka, vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, mANikyanandI, vAdirAja, abhayadevasUri , prabhAcandra , vAdidevasUri , hemacandra Adi ne jaina- nyAya kA unnayana evaM viziSTa pratipAdana kiyaa| jainanyAya ke pratipAdana kI dRSTi se yaha svarNima kAla kahA jA sakatA hai| akalaGka (720 se 780 I0) jainanyAya ko bRhad stara para vyavasthita rUpa akalaGka ne diyA / isalie akalaGkako jaina nyAya kA pratiSThApaka AcArya kahA jAtA hai / akalaGka kI racanAoM meM bauddha naiyAyika diinAga, dharmakIrti, prajJAkara gupta, karNakagomI tathA mImAMsA dArzanika kumArilabhaTTa kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / akalaGka ke samaya nirdhAraNa ke sambandha meM do mAnyatAeM pracalita haiN| zrIkaNTha zAstrI, jugalakizora mukhAra, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, Adi kucha vidvAn akalaGkako sAtavIM zatAbdI (643 I.) kA siddha karate haiM to ,ke0 bI0 pAThaka, satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa paM0 nAthUrAma premI AThavIM zatAbdI kA batalAte haiN| mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya pUrvapracalita matoM para gaharA vicArakara unheM 720-780 I. ke madhya nirdhArita karate haiM / 228 akalaGka kI kRtiyoM ke Antarika parIkSaNa ke pazcAt mahendrakumAra kI sthApanA adhika samIcIna pratIta hotI hai| akalaGka prakhara tArkika, vAgmI evaM pratibhAsampanna jaina naiyAyika the| inako SaTatarkakuzala, vAdIbhasiMha aura vAdisiMha bhI kahA gayA hai / 229 bhaTTa akalaGka ne do TIkA graMtha likhe haiMtatvArthavArtika evaM aSTazatI tathA cAra nyAya viSayaka svataMtra graMthoM kI racanA kI hai laghIyastraya (savRtti), nyAyavinizcaya (savRtti), pramANasaGgraha aura siddhivinizcaya (savRtti) / inakA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| tattvArthavArtika-umAsvAti racita tatvArthasUtra para akalaGkase pUrva pUjyapAda devanandI ne sarvArthasiddhi TIkA likhI thii| akalaGka ne tatvArthasUtra para vArtika kI racanA kI jise tatvArthavArtika athavA tatvArtharAjavArtika ke nAma se jAnA gayA / vArtika meM bhaTTa akalaGka ne diinAga nirUpita pramANalakSaNa, pratyakSalakSaNa Adi kA nirasana kiyA hai / akalaGka ne apane anya graMthoM meM jahAM pramANa ko kathaJcit anadhigatArthagrAhI pratipAdita kiyA hai,vahAM unhoMne tattvArthavArtika meM anadhigatArthagrAhitA lakSaNa ko anupapanna batalAkara adhigatArthayAhI jJAna ko bhI pradIpa kI bhAMti prakAzaka svIkAra kiyA hai / 230 kalpanApoDha-pratyakSa lakSaNa, mAnasa-pratyakSa, Adi kA bhI akalaGka ne nirasana kiyA hai| yadyapi tatvArthavArtika kA mukhya pratipAdya pramANavidyA nahIM hai, tathApi akalaGka ne prathama adhyAya meM nyAya, 228. akalaGkaanyatraya,prastAvanA, pR013-32 229. siddhivinizcayaTIkA, prastAvanA, pR055 230. yathA andhakAre'vasthitAnAM ghaTAdInAmatpattyanantaraM prakAzaka : pradIpa uttarakAlamapi na taM vyapadezaM jahAti tadavasthAnakAraNatvAt , evaM jJAnamapyutpattyanantaraM ghaTAdInAmavabhAsakaM bhUtvA pramANatvamanubhUyottarakAlamapi na ta vyapadezaM tyajati tadarthatvAt |-ttvaarthvaartik,1.12.12, pR056

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48 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vaizeSika,sAMkhya Adi samasta darzanoM ke pramANa ke svarUpa para saMkSipta vicAra kiyA hai| aSTazatI-samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA para ATha sau zloka parimANa meM akalaGkane bhASya kI racanA kI jise aSTazatI kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhASya samantabhadra ke dArzanika vicAroM ko tatkAlIna pariveza meM prastuta karatA hai| yaha gahana, saMkSipta evaM arthagAmbhIrya se paripUrNa hai| isameM AptamImAMsA meM ullikhita viSayoM se atirikta viSayoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jinameM bauddhoM ke prati tarka pramANa kI siddhi,svalakSaNa ke anirdezyatva evaM anabhilApyatva kA khaNDana Adi pramukha haiN| akalaGka ne isameM pramANa ko anadhigatArthagrAhI hone se avisaMvAdaka pratipAdita kiyA hai / 231 'tattvajJAnaM pramANam' kArikA kI vyAkhyA meM pramANa ke sambandha meM vistRta vicAra kiyA gayA hai232 jisameM bauddha pratipAdita pramANalakSaNa bhI parIkSita huA hai| laghIyastraya-jaina pramANa -mImAMsA ke vyavasthApana kI dRSTi se akalaGkakI kRtiyoM meM laghIyastraya kA pramukha sthAna hai |iskaa prathama prakAzana 'akalaGkagraMthatrayam' meM siMghI jaina jJAnapITha dvArA 1939 I0 meM paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ke saMpAdana meM huA hai |yh choTe choTe tIna prakaraNoM kA saMgraha hai, jinheM praveza kahA gayA hai / ve tIna praveza haiM-(1)pramANapraveza(2) nayapraveza aura (3) pravacana praveza / ina tInoM pravezoM meM kula 78 kArikAeM haiM jina para svayaM akalaGkane vivRti likhI hai| yaha vivRti kArikAoM kI vyAkhyA mAtra na hokara unameM sUcita viSayoM kI pUraka hai / akalaGka ne kArikAoM meM chUTe viSaya ko vivRti meM pUrA kiyA hai| sampUrNa laghIyakhaya meM 6 pariccheda haiN| pramANapraveza ke cAra tathA nayapraveza evaM pravacana praveza ke eka-eka pariccheda haiN| pramANapraveza meM pramANoM kI carcA hai ,jisameM pratyakSa evaM parokSa pramANa kA svarUpa batalAkara pratyakSa ke sAMvyavahArika evaM mukhya ye do bheda kiye gaye haiN|233 sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ko indriyanimitta evaM anindriyanimitta meM vibhakta kara avagrahAdi kI pramANatA siddha kI gayI hai| avagraha,IhA,avAya evaM dhAraNA ko pramANa pratipAdita karate samaya pUrva jJAna kI pramANatA evaM uttara jJAna kI phalarUpatA batalAyI gayI hai |prmey ko akalaGka ne dravyaparyAyAtmaka siddha kiyA hai| nityaikAnta evaM kSaNikaikAnta meM arthakriyAkAritva kA abhAva nirUpita kiyA hai / parokSapramANa carcA meM matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna kA bheda pratipAdita kara tarka kA pRthak prAmANya siddha kiyA hai| sAdhyAvinAbhAvI liGga se liGgI ke jJAna ko anumAna kA lakSaNa nirUpita kara kAraNa, pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetuoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| upamAna kA antarbhAva pratyabhijJAna meM kiyA hai tathA adRzyAnupalabdhi se abhAva kI siddhi nirUpita kI hai| unhoMne vikalpabuddhi kA prAmANya aMgIkAra kiyA hai| pramANapraveza ke aMtima pariccheda meM kisI bhI 231. pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthA'dhigamalakSaNatvAt / - aSTazatI, pR0 175 232. draSTavya, aSTazatI, pR0 275-84 233. pratyakSa vizadaM jJAnaM makhyasaMvyavahArataH / parokSa zeSavijJAnaM pramANe iti saGgrahaH ||-lghiiyly,3

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA jJAna meM aikAntika pramANatA yA apramANatA kA niSedha karake akalaGkane pramANAbhAsa kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA hai| avisaMvAda aura visaMvAda ke AdhAra para pramANa tathA pramANAbhAsa kI vyavasthA kI hai tathA zruta kI pramANatA evaM zabdoM kI arthavAcakatA Adi para vicAra kiyA hai| naya praveza meM naya evaM durnaya ke lakSaNa,nayoM ke dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika bheda tathA naigamAdinayoM meM arthanaya va zabdanaya ke prayoga Adi para vicAra huA hai / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai isa praveza meM sampUrNa naya-parivAra kA vivecana hai| pravacana praveza meM pramANa aura naya kA punaH bhinna pariprekSya meM vicAra karane ke atirikta nikSepa kA bhI varNana huA hai / kucha anya viSayoM yathA artha evaM Aloka kI jJAnakAraNatA kA khaNDana,tajjanya, tAdrUpya aura tadadhyavasAya kA prAmANya meM aprayojakatva, sakalAdeza evaM vikalAdeza Adi para bhI carcA kI gayI hai| laghIyastraya para prabhAcandra ne vizAla TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA hai jise laghIyastrayAlaGkAra athavA nyAyakumudacandra kahA jAtA hai / isakA paricaya prabhAcandra ke prasaMga meM nyAyakumudacandra nAma se Age diyA gayA hai| nyAyavinizcaya -nyAyavinizcaya nAma siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra ke nyAya tathA dharmakIrti ke pramANavinizcaya ke vinizcaya kA mela pratIta hotA hai |nyaayvinishcy kA prakAzana sarvaprathama 'akalagraMthatrayam' meM 1939 I. meM huaa| tadanantara vAdirAja ke vivaraNa ke sAtha isakA prakAzana do bhAgoM meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha,kAzI dvArA kramazaH san 1949 va 1954 I. meM kiyA gyaa| akalaGka ne nyAyavinizcaya para bhI laghIyastraya kI bhA~ti vivRti kI racanA kI hai, kintu vaha upalabdha nahIM hai| nyAyavinizcaya ke mUlapATha kA uddhAra vAdirAja ke vivaraNa se kiyA gayA hai, jisameM ve kevala zlokoM kI hI vyAkhyA karate haiM,vivRti kI nahIM,ataH vivRti abhI upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai| nyAyavinizcaya meM tIna prastAva haiM,pratyakSa, anumAna aura pravacana / pratyakSa prastAva meM spaSTa evaM sAkAra jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| akalaGka isameM indriya pratyakSa ko bhI paribhASita karate haiM, tathA jJAna ko svasaMvedI siddha karate haiN| jJAnAntaravedyajJAna,sAkArajJAna, saMvedanAdvaita Adi kA unhoMne khaNDana kiyA hai| akalaGkane sAMkhya,nyAya Adi ke pratyakSalakSaNa kA nirasana karane ke sAtha bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ke pratyakSalakSaNa kI bhI AlocanA kI hai| anumAna prastAva anumAna viSayaka carcA se sambaddha hai / isameM akalaGka ne sAdhana se sAdhya ke jJAna ko anumAna kahA hai| sAdhya ko zakya,abhipreta evaM aprasiddha kahA hai tathA usase bhinna sAdhya ko sAdhyAbhAsa kahA hai / unhoMne hetu kI trirUpatA kA khaNDana kara anyathAnupapatti kA samarthana kiyA hai, tathA tarka kA pRthak prAmANya siddha kiyA hai| anupalambha,pUrvacara,uttaracara aura sahacara hetu kA

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50 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA saMketa karane ke sAtha isameM asiddhAdi hetvAbhAsoM kA bhI varNana pratipAdita hai / jAti, nigraha, vAda Adi kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai| pravacana prastAva meM Apta ke sarvajJa hone kI siddhi kI gayI hai tathA sugata ke Aptatva evaM karuNAvatva kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai / isameM veda ke apauruSeyatva,zabdanityatva Adi kA bhI khaNDana huA hai tathA saptabhaMgI evaM syAdvAda kA samyak nirUpaNa huA hai| isa prastAva meM smaraNa,pratyabhijJAna Adi kA prAmANya nirUpita hai tathA pramANa ke phala kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai / 234 isa dRSTi se nyAyavinizcaya nyAya kI viziSTa kRti hai jo jainadRSTi se jainetaradarzanoM kI samyakrUpeNa parIkSA karatI hai / nyAyavinizcaya paravAdirAja kI TIkA hai jise nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa kahA gayA hai| siddhivinizcaya -isameM siddhi ko hI pramANa batalAkara usI dRSTi se sampUrNagrantha kI racanA kara dI gayI hai / siddhivinizcaya meM 12 prastAva haiM / graMtha kI viSayavastu kA anumAna prastAvoM ke nAmoM se ho jAtA hai, yathA 1. pratyakSa siddhi 2. savikalpasiddhi 3. pramANAntara siddhi (smRti,pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka)4.jIvasiddhi 5.jalpasiddhi 6.hetulakSaNasiddhi 7.zAstrasiddhi 8.sarvajJa siddhi 9.zabdasiddhi 10. arthanaya siddhi 11.zabdanaya siddhi aura 12.nikSepa siddhi / __ina 12 prastAvoM kI viSaya sAmagrI ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai- (1) pramANamImAMsA (2) prameya mImAMsA (3) naya mImAMsA aura (4) nikSepa mImAMsA / prastuta grantha meM bauddha nyAya ke nirasana se sambaddha viSayoM para hI vicAra apekSita hai / usa krama meM akalaGkane bauddha nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA khaNDana kara vyavasAyAtmaka pratyakSa kI pramANatA aura vizadatA kA sthApana kiyA hai, vijJAnAdvaita kA khaNDana kara bAhyArtha kI siddhi kI hai tathA avisaMvAda kI bahulatA se prAmANya kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai / akalaGka kahate haiM koI bhI jJAna sarvathA pramANa yA apramANa nahIM hotA, avisaMvAda kI bahulatA se vaha pramANa tathA visaMvAda kI bahulatA se apramANa hotA hai / 235 ve kSaNikavAda meM arthakriyA kA abhAva batalAkara bauddha pramANa-svarUpa kA khaNDana karate haiN| ___akalaGka kA kahanA hai ki tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti se avinAbhAva kI vyApti saMbhava nahIM hai| anyatha upapatti ko hI ve hetu kA lakSaNa siddha karate haiM / svalakSaNa ke avAcyatva kA bhI siddhivinizcaya meM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / siddhivinizcaya para anantavIrya ne TIkA likhI hai jisakA ullekha Age siddhivinizcayaTIkA nAma se kiyA gayA hai| pramANasaaha-yaha akalaGka kI aMtima kRti hai, aisA isakI prauDha zailI se jJAta hotA hai| 234. pramANasya phalaM tattvanirNayAdAnahAnadhIH / niHzreyasaM paraM veti kevalasyApyupekSaNam ||-nyaayvinishcy, 476 235. yathA yatrAvisaMvAdastathA tatra pramANatA |-siddhivinishciy,1.19

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina- paramparA pramANasaGgraha kI racanA nyAyavinizcaya ke anantara huI thI yaha nizcita hai, kyoMki nyAyavinizcaya kI aneka kArikAeM binA kisI upakrama vAkya ke pramANasaMgraha meM rakha dI gayI haiN| akalaGka ne anya racanAoM ke pazcAt avaziSTa pramANa-viSayaka vicAroM kA isa graMtha meM saMgraha kara diyA hai, ata: yaha gahana evaM duruha bana gayA hai| isameM 9 prastAva tathA 87- 1/2 kArikAeM haiN| svayaM akalaGka ne ina kArikAoM para pUraka vivRti kI racanA kI hai / I pramANasaGgraha kI viSaya-vastu laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya evaM siddhivinizcaya kI viSayavastu kA samAhAra karatI hai / isameM bhI anya graMthoM kI bhAMti pratyakSa kA lakSaNa, smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka kI pramANatA nirUpita kI gayI hai / trirUpatA kA khaNDana kara anyathAnupapatti rUpa hetulakSaNa kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / pramANasaMgraha meM kucha viSaya sarvathA navIna haiM, yathA anumAna ke avayavoM kA vidhAna tathA hetu ke upalabdhi, anupalabdhi Adi aneka bhedoM kA vistRta vivecana / pramANasaMgraha meM zUnyavAda, saMvRtivAda, vijJAnavAda, apohavAda, midhyAsantAna, nirvikalpakapratyakSa tathA paramANusaMcaya ko pratyakSa kA viSaya mAnane vAle bauddhoM ko jar3a kahA gayA hai| 236 pramANasaGgraha para anantavIrya kRta pramANasaGgraha bhASya athavA pramANasaGgrahAlaGkAra nAmaka TIkA rahI hai, aisA anantavIrya ne siddhivinizcaya TIkA meM svayaM ullekha kiyA haiM, 237 kintu yaha bhASya sampra anupalabdha hai / 51 akalaGka dvArA vyavasthita svarUpa die jAne ke kAraNa jaina nyAya ko akalaGkanyAya ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| akalaGka kI nyAyaviSayaka racanAoM ke cAra pramukha TIkAkAra haiM- vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, vAdirAja evaM prabhAcandra / vidyAnanda ne akalaGkIya aSTazatI para aSTasahastrI TIkA kI racanA kI hai| anantavIrya ne siddhivinizcaya para vAdirAja ne nyAyavinizcaya para evaM prabhAcandra ne laghIyastraya para TIkAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jinakA paricaya yathAkrama Age diyA jA rahA hai| vidyAnanda (775 se 840 I.) 238 akalaGka ke TIkAkAroM meM vidyAnanda prathama haiN| vidyAnanda ko jaina evaM jainetara darzanoM kA acchA abhyAsa thA / darabArI lAla koThiyA inakA samaya 775 I. se 840 I. ke madhya siddha karate haiM, 239 jo samIcIna pratIta hotA hai| AcArya vidyAnanda kI chaha svatantra racanAeM tathA tIna TIkA graMtha haiN| svataMtra racanAeM haiM- 1. vidyAnandamahodaya, 2. AptaparIkSA 3. pramANaparIkSA 4. patraparIkSA 5. 236. zUnyasaMvRtivijJAnakathAniSphaladarzanam / saMcayApohasantAnA: saptaite jADyahetavaH // pramANasaMgraha, 6.57-58 237. (1) iti carcitaM pramANasaMgrahabhASye / - siddhivinizcayaTIkA, prathama bhAga, pR0 8 (2) ityuktaM pramANasaMgrahAlaGkAre-siddhivinizcayaTIkA, prathama bhAga, pR0 10 (3) zeSamatra pramANasaMgraha bhASyAt pratyeyam / - siddhivinizcayaTIkA, prathama bhAga, pR0 130 238. inako vidyAnandI nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / 239. AptaparIkSA, prastAvanA, pR0 47-53

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA satyazAsanaparIkSA evaM 6 zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra / TIkA graMtha haiM-1.tatvArthazlokavArtika 2.aSTasahastrI evaM 3. yuktyanuzAsanAlaGkAra / inameM pramANa-carcA se sambaddha upalabdha pramukha graMtha haiM-pramANaparIkSA, aSTasahastrI evaM ttvaarthshlokvaartik| ___samprati vidyAnandamahodaya anupalabdha hai, kintu isakA ullekha vidyAnanda kI hI anya kRtiyoM tattvArthazlokavArtika evaM aSTasahastrI meM huA hai / 24deg syAdvAvAdaralAkara ke racayitA vAdidevasUri isa kRti kA ullekha mahodaya zabda se karate haiN| 241 isa dRSTi se yaha anumAna hotA hai ki vidyAnandamahodaya eka mahattvapUrNa dArzanika graMtha rahA hogA, kintu anupalabdha hone se usakI sampUrNa viSayavastu ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ___ AptaparIkSA meM Apta ke lakSaNoM kI Izvara,kapila,buddha evaM brahma meM parIkSA kara arhana meM Aptatva nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai tathA arhan ko sarvajJa bhI siddha kiyA gayA hai / isameM kula 124 kArikAeM haiM jina para svayaM vidyAnanda kI svopajJaTIkA AptaparIkSAlakRti hai| viSayavastu kI dRSTi se yaha graMtha pAMca prakaraNoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai --1Izvara parIkSA 2.kapila parIkSA 3.sugata parIkSA 4.parama puruSa parIkSA aura 5. arhat sarvajJa siddhi| satyazAsanaparIkSA nAmaka graMtha puruSAdvaita,zabdAdvaita,vijJAnAdvaita Adi vibhinna caudaha zAsanoM kI parIkSA karane kI pratijJA karatA hai, kintu aMtima do zAsana tattvopaplava evaM anekAnta isameM anupalabdha haiM / bArahavAM zAsana prabhAkara mImAMsA kA hai,jo bhI pUrNa pratIta nahIM hotA hai / isameM vidyAnanda kI dRSTi vibhinna zAsanoM meM satya kI parIkSA karane meM samarpita hai| vidyAnanda kRta zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra , samantabhadra viracita AptamImAMsA evaM yuktyanuzAsana ke sadRza stotragraMtha hote hue bhI eka tArkika kRti hai, jisameM zrIpurastha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI stuti ke vyAja se kapilAdika kI anAptatA siddha kI gayI hai| yuktyanuzAsanAlaGkAra samantabhadrIya stotragraMthayuktyanuzAsana pararacita TIkA hai / isakA prakAzana vikrama saMvat 1977 meM mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA meM huA thA,kintu aba vaha aprApya hai / patraparIkSA meM patralakSaNa kI parIkSA kI gayI hai / maukhika vAda na hokara jaba patra dvArA vAda ho to use saMbhavataH patra mAnA gayA hai| 242 patra meM vidyAnanda ne pratijJA evaM hetu ko anumAna kA avayava batalAyA hai / kutracit anumAna ke daza avayavoM kA bhI samarthana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra patraparIkSA 240. (1) iti parIkSitamasakRdvidyAnandamahodaye |-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, nirNayasAgara presa, pR0 272 (2) avagamyatAm yathAgamaM prapaJcena vidyAnandamahodayAt - tattvArthazlokavArtika, nirNayasAgara presa, pR0 385 (3) iti tattvArthAlaGkAre vidyAnandamahodaye ca prapaJcataH prruupitm| aSTasahasrI, pR0 289-290 241. syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 349 242. prasiddhAvayavaM vAkyaM sveSTasyArthasya sAdhakam / sAdhugUDhapadaprAyaM patramAhuranAkulam ||-uddhRt, prameyaratnamAlA, pR0 352 /

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA pramANazAstrIya kRti hai / yaha vidyAnanda kI atilaghu racanA hai,jisakA prakAzana sanAtana jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI se huA hai| pramANaparIkSA-vidyAnanda kI yaha kRti pUrNataHpramANacarcA se sambaddha hai / isameM vidyAnanda ne jainetara dArzanikoM ke dvArA mAnya pramANa-svarUpa,pramANa-saMkhyA,pramANa-viSaya evaM pramANa-phala kA yuktipUrvaka parIkSaNa kara jaina dRSTi se unakI vAstavika sthiti ko prakAzita kiyA hai| vidyAnanda ne isa graMtha meM samyagjJAna ko hI pramANa kaha kara 243 anya matAvalambiyoM ke pramANaviSayaka doSoM kA udbhAvana kiyA hai / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa evaM hetu ke trairUpya va pAMcarUpya kA bhI vidyAnanda ne isameM prabala khaNDana kiyA hai tathA smRti,pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka ko pRthak pramANa siddha kiyA hai / vidyAnanda kI yaha saMkSipta kRti pramANa sAgddha samasta carcA ko apane meM sameTe hue hai| tattvArthazlokavArtika -yaha umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra para vidyAnanda kA anupamavArtika hai| akalaGka kRta tatvArthavArtika udyotakara ke nyAyavArtika kA anusaraNa karatA hai to vidyAnanda kA zlokavArtika dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika evaM kumArila ke mImAMsAzlokavArtika kI saraNi kA anukaraNa karatA hai| yaha pUrNarUpa se padyAtmaka hai,tathA svayaM vidyAnanda ne usa para gadyAtmaka bhASya bhI likhA hai / yaha graMtha jaina siddhAnta evaM usake dArzanika mantavyoM ko pratiSThita karatA huA jainetara mAnyatAoM kA nirasana karatA hai / yaha jainadarzana ke prANabhUta graMthoM meM prathama koTi kA graMtha samajhA jAtA hai| prathama adhyAya meM pramANa viSayaka sUtroM kI vyAkhyA karate hue vidyAnanda ne bauddha Adi mantavyoM kA khaNDana kara jaina darzanAnusAra pramANa-lakSaNa , pramANa-bheda,pratyakSa, anumAna,smRti,pratyabhijJAna, tarka, hetu, anumAnAvayava Adi kA sthApana kiyA hai / jaina -pramANa ke sthApana evaM bauddha -pramANa ke khaNDana ke lie yaha graMtha nitAnta mahattvapUrNa hai| aSTasahastrI - yaha samantabhadra viracita AptamImAMsA (devAgamastotra) para vizAla TIkA hai, jisameM akalaGkIya TIkA aSTazatI ko isa prakAra se AtmasAt kara liyA gayA hai ki aSTazatI ko aSTasahastrI se pRthak kara pAnA duSkara kArya hai / aSTasahasrI meM samantabhadra ke mantavyoM ko vyApaka vicArapaTala para prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / akalaGkIya aSTazatI kucha durUha evaM duravagamya thI,jise aSTasahastrI ne sarala banAkara usakA hArda prakaTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / svayaM vidyAnanda isako kaSTasahasrI kahate haiM 244 tathA anya hajAroM zAstra sunane kI apekSA isake zravaNa ko hI paryApta samajhate haiM / 245 vidyAnanda ne apane isa graMtha meM kumArilabhaTTa, dharmakIrti, prajJAkaragupta Adi ke maMtavyoM kA yuktipurassara khaNDana kiyA hai| jayarAzi ke tatvoplavavAda kA bhI isameM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| samantabhadra dvArA prastuta 243. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 128 244. kaSTasahasrI siddhA sA'STasahasrIyamatra me puSyAt |-assttshsrii, prazastipadya / 245. zrotavya'STasahastrI zrutaiH kimanyaiH sahasrasaMkhyAne / vijJAyeta yayaiva svasamayaparasamayasadbhAva: |-assttshsrii, pR0 157

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54 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 'tattvajJAnaM pramANam' kArikA 246 ke antargata vidyAnanda ne pramANa ke svarUpa para vistRta vicAra kiyA hai tathA bauddha sammata pratyakSa evaM anumAna kA khaNDana kiyA hai| ___ akalaGka ke anantara jaina nyAya ke vyavasthita sthApana evaM jainetara dArzanikoM kA khaNDana karane meM vidyAnanda ne mahatI bhUmikA nibhAyI hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai / vidyAnanda kA anusaraNa uttaravartI jaina naiyAyika abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri Adi karate haiN| anantavIrya (950-990I0) jainadarzana meM anantavIrya nAmaka cAra AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinameM eka anantavIrya kA ullekha akalaGkatattvArthavArtika meM karate haiM47 dvitIya anantavIrya kA ullekha siddhivinizcaya ke TIkAkAra ravibhadrapAdopajIvI anantavIrya karate haiM / 218 tRtIya anantavIrya siddhivinizcaya ke TIkAkAra svayaM hai tathA caturtha anantavIrya prameyaratnamAlA ke racayitA haiM / inameM tRtIya anantavIrya hI akalaGka ke TIkAkAra haiN| inakA samaya 950 se 990 I. ke madhya nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / 249 pramANasaGgrahabhASya aura siddhivinizcaya TIkA-anantavIrya ne akalaGka ke do graMthoM siddhivinizcaya evaM pramANasaMgraha para vyAkhyA likhI hai / pramANasaMgraha para bhASya likhane kA anumAna unake siddhivinizcaya TIkA meM pradatta ullekhoM se hotA hai / 25deg yaha bhASya abhI taka upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai / siddhivinizcaya TIkA upalabdha hai / yaha 18000 zloka parimANa vistRta evaM vizada hai / yadyapi anantavIrya, anantavIrya hokara bhI akalaGka ke gUDha arthoM ko samajhane meM apane Apako asamartha pAte haiM / phira bhI ve vAdirAja evaM prabhAcandra ke pathapradarzaka bane haiN| anantavIrya ne grantha kA eka tihAI bhAga bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti evaM unake TIkAkAroM ke khaNDana meM hI samarpita kara diyA hai / ve apanI tArkika yuktiyoM ke sAtha aneka lokoktiyoM,muhAvaroM evaM nyAyoM kA bhI prayoga karate hue dekhe jAte haiN| unakI yaha TIkA bauddha dArzanika diGnAga, dharmakIrti, dharmottara, arcaTa, prajJAkaragupta, zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi ke mantavyoM kA ullekha kara unakA nirasana karatI hai, kintu isa TIkA meM utanA sauSThava nahIM A pAyA hai,jitanA vidyAnanda yA prabhAcandra kI TIkAoM meM dikhAI detA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki isakI eka mAtra pANDulipi upalabdha huI vaha aneka sthaloM para khaNDita hai jisa kAraNa se sahI artha nirdhArita karane meM kaThinAI rahI hai| mANikyanandI aura parIkSAmukha (993-1053 I0) mANikyanandI prathama jaina dArzanika haiM, jinhoMne akalaGka ke graMthoM ke AdhAra para jaina nyAya kA 246. AptamImAMsA, 101 247. anantavIryayatinA cendravIryasya pratighAtazruteH sapratighAtasAmarthya vaikriyikam / tattvArthavArtika, pR0 154.12 248. tasmAt "uktArtho'nantarazloko'yam" itynntviiryH|-siddhivinishcyttiikaa, 1031 249. siddhivinizcayaTIkA, prastAvanA, pR075-89 250. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya kA pAdaTippaNa, 237

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina- paramparA saMkSipta sUtra graMtha parIkSAmukha taiyAra kiyA / parIkSAmukha para akalaGka ke TIkAkAra vidyAnanda kA bhI prabhAva hai, kintu vAdirAja (1025 I0) kA nahIM hai| darabArI lAla koThiyA parIkSAmukha ke TIkAkAra prabhAcandra ko mANikyanandI kA sAkSAt ziSya aMgIkAra karate haiM / 251 1 prabhAcandra kA samaya 1010 se 1080 I0 nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai, tadanusAra koThiyA jI ne mANikyanandI ko 993 I0 se 1053 I0 ke madhya siddha kiyA hai aura unakI racanA parIkSAmukha kA samaya 1028 I. anumAnita kiyA hai / parIkSAmukha meM chaha pariccheda haiM, jinameM kramazaH pramANalakSaNa, pratyakSasvarUpa, parokSa-svarUpa, pramANa-viSaya, pramANa - phala evaM AbhAsoM kA varNana hai| graMthakAra ne isameM jainanyAya viSayaka sAmagrI ko vyavasthita rUpa meM sUtrAtmaka zailI meM saMjoyA hai| parIkSAmukha para aneka bRhat evaM laghukAya TIkAeM racI gayIM, jinameM prabhAcandra viracita prameyakamalamArtaNDa sarvAdhika prasiddha hai| anya TIkAeM haiM- laghu anantavIrya racita prameyaratnamAlA cArukIrti racita prameyaratnAlaMkAra tathA zAntivarNI viracita prameyakaNThikA | vAdirAja (1025 I0) 253 akalaGka racita nyAyavinizcaya ke vivaraNakAra vAdirAjasUri haiN| vAdirAja sUri ke samaya kI sUcanA unake pArzvanAthacaritra se milatI hai| unhoMne yaha racanA zaka saM0 947 meM kArtika zuklA tRtIyA ko pUrI kI thI / 252 cAlukyanareza jayasiMhadeva kI rAjasabhA meM inakA bar3A sammAna thA / isa AdhAra para vAdirAja ko 1025 I0 ke Asa pAsa nizcita kiyA jAtA hai| ve prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa, tArkika, kavi evaM bhavyasahAya the / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa - yaha akalaGka ke nyAyavinizcaya para vAdirAja kA prasiddha vivaraNa hai / vAdirAja isameM akalaGka kRti kA artha bahuta gaharAI se pakar3ate haiN| ve eka hI zloka ke cAra pAMca artha nikAlanA sahaja bAta samajhate haiN| vAdirAja ne siddhivinizcaya ke TIkAkAra anantavIrya se preraNA grahaNakara nyAyavinizcaya ke gUDha artha ko prakaTa kiyA hai, aisA unhoMne svayaM graMthArambha meM nirdeza kiyA hai 254 vAdirAjasUri kA nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa bIsa hajAra zlokaparimANa hai / yaha eka mahAn nyAyagraMtha hai / isameM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM kumArila, prabhAkara, maNDanamizra, vyomaziva, bhAsarvajJa Adi ke mantavyoM ko rakhakara unakA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| sabase adhika dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika evaM usa para 251. AptaparIkSA, prastAvanA, pR0 33 252. pArzvanAthacarita, prazasti, 5, uddhRta, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, prastAvanA, pR0 63 253. vAdirAjamanu zAbdikaloko vAdirAjamanutArkikasiMha: / vAdirAjamanu kAvyakRtaste vAdirAjamanu bhavyasahAyaH // ekIbhAvastotra, uddhRta, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa prastAvanA, pR0 58 / 254. gUDhamarthamakalaGkakavAGmayAgAdha bhUminihitaM tadarthinAm / vyaJjayatyalamanantavIryavAgdIpavartiranizaM pade pade // - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 3 55

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA viracita prajJAkara ke pramANavArtikAlaGkAra kI samIkSA kI gayI hai| lagabhaga AdhA pramANavArtikAlaGkAra isa graMtha meM parIkSita huA hai / 56 pramANanirNaya - vAdirAja kI anya upalabdha kRtiyAM haiM- pArzvanAthacarita, yazodharacarita, ekIbhAvastotra evaM pramANanirNaya / inameM pramANanirNaya pramANazAstra kI laghukAya evaM svataMtra racanA hai jo akalaGka praNIta nyAya-graMthoM para AdhArita hai / pramANanirNaya saMskRta gadya meM nirmita hai, jisake cAra pariccheda haiM-- pramANalakSaNanirNaya, pratyakSanirNaya, parokSapramANanirNaya aura AgamanirNaya / isa laghukAya prakaraNa meM vAdirAja parokSa pramANa ke anumAna evaM Agama ye do hI bheda karate haiM tathA anumAna ke gauNa bhedoM meM smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka kA pratipAdana karate haiN| isa graMtha kA prakAzana mANikyacandra jaina graMthamAlA ke antargata huA hai / abhayadevasUri aura tattvabodhavidhAyinI (10 vIM zatI) jainadarzana meM abhayadevasUri nAmaka aneka AcArya hue haiN| abhayadevasUri nAmaka eka AcArya jaina AgamoM ke TIkAkAra hue haiM, jinhoneM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga Adi nau AgamoM para TIkAeM likhI thI, kintu ye vardhamAnasUri ke praziSya evaM jinezvarasUri ke dIkSA- ziSya the| ye navAGgI TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / inakA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI kA uttarArddha evaM bArahavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha (vi0sa0 1088-1139) mAnA gayA hai| 255 yahA~ para siddhasena racita sampatitarka ke TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha abhayadevasUri kI carcA abhISTa hai| ye zvetAmbara rAjagacchIya pradyumnasUri ke ziSya the / inheM tarkapaMcAnana, nyAyaratnakIrti evaM nyAyavanasiMha upAdhiyoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI evaM paM0 becaradAsadozI ne inakA samaya vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI kA utarArddha evaM gyArahavIM zatI kA pUrvArddha batalAyA hai / 256 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ne abhayadevasUri racita sanmatitarkaTIkA para kumArila bhaTTa, zAntarakSita, kamalazIla evaM prabhAcandra ke graMthoM kA pratibimba mAnA hai / 257 paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ne abhayadevasUri kA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI kA antima bhAga mAnA hai| ve abhayadeva, zAntisUri evaM prabhAcandra ko lagabhaga samakAlIna evaM samadezIya mAnate haiN| sAtha hI unhoMne prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM abhayadevasUri kI sanmatitarkaTIkA (tattvabodhavidhAyinI ) meM akalpita sAdRzya mAnA hai / 258 isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM tattvabodhavidhAyinI meM yatra tatra viSayasAmagrI ke prastutIkaraNa meM zabdoM kA sAmya 1 hai / tattvabodhavidhAyinI, prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM nyAyakumudacandra kA aMtaraMga adhyayana karane para hameM 255. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga, 3 pR0 45 / 256. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, bhAga - 1, prastAvanA, pR0 13 257. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, bhAga-1, prastAvanA, pR0 13 258. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-2, prastAvanA, pR0 39-40

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA vicAra-vikAsa kI daSTi se tatvabodhavidhAyinI prAcIna pratIta hotI hai| prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM anekatra tattvabodhavidhAyinI meM prastuta viSaya ko jyoM kA tyoM lekara yathAzakya parivardhana kiyA gayA hai / nyAyakumudacandra adhika saMzodhita evaM vyavasthita racanA hai / usakA nirmANa prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke anantara huA hai / paM0 mahendrakumAra jI ne yaha to spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki sanmatitarkaTIkA (tattvabodhavidhAyinI) ke samaya nyAyakamadacandra kI racanA nahIM ho sakI thI, kintu ve isa viSaya meM mauna haiM ki prameyakamalamArtaNDa va sanmatitarkaTIkA meM kisakI racanA pahale huI / donoM meM sAdRzya kA kathana ve avazya karate haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke pUrva tattvabodhavidhAyinI kI racanA ho cukI thI,kyoMki prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM tattvabodhavidhAyinI meM uThAye gaye viSayoM kA adhika vizada,parivarddhita evaM suvyavasthita rUpa meM nirUpaNa huA hai / abhayadevasUri anAvazyaka vistAra meM cale jAte haiM ,kintu prabhAcandra viSaya se sambaddha bAta kahate haiN| donoM meM se kisI ne bhI apanI racanAoM meM eka dUsare kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| inake samakAlIna hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai. kintu vicAravikAsa kI dRSTi se hameM abhayadevasUri kI tatvabodhavidhAyinI prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa se prAcIna pratIta hotI hai / isalie Age ke adhyAyoM meM prabhAcandra ke pUrva abhayadevasUri ke vicAra prakaTa kiye gaye haiN| ____abhayadevasUri ne siddhasena ke sammatitarkaprakaraNa para tatvabodhavidhAyinI nAmaka jo TIkA racI hai vaha sanmatitarkaTIkA athavA vAdamahArNava ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai / 259 yaha TIkA saMskRta gadya meM hai aura 25,000 zloka parimANa hai| isameM mUla sanmatitarka ke anurUpa hI naya, jJAna evaM jJeya kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai, kintu abhayadevasUri ne tatvabodhavidhAyinI meM dasavIM zatAbdI taka pracalita dArzanika mAnyatAoM ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhakara unakA balapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai tathA jaina maMtavyoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| anekatra naI carcA kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai, yathA, apauruSeyavAda, svataH prAmANyavAda, zabdanityatvavAda,sarvajJatva kA asambhavavAda Adi kA nirasana evaM jainadarzana ke sarvajJa praNIta prAmANya kI siddhi naye viSaya haiM / mUla sanmatitarka meM pramANa kI carcA nahIM milatI, kintu abhayadevasUri ne apanI TIkA meM pramANa ke svarUpa, usake bheda evaM viSaya ke sandarbha meM jainetara darzanoM kI viziSTa mAnyatAoM ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhakara unakA yuktipurassara khaNDana kiyA hai / sanmatitarka ke dvitIyakANDa kI TIkA kA bahubhAga pramANasambaddha carcA se yukta hai / abhayadeva ne dharmakIrti, dharmottara, zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA mAnya pramANa sambaddha mAnyatAoM kA prabala khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai| abhayadevasUri kI khaNDanAtmaka dRSTi bahuta painI hai, jisakA anukaraNa prabhAcandra devasUri Adi uttaravartI dArzanikoM ne bhI kiyA hai| 259. sammatitarkaTIkA (tattvabodhavidhAyinI) kA prakAzana gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda se vi0saM0 1980-1987 ke madhya huA thaa| isakA punarmudraNa aba rinasena buka kaM0 jApAna se huA hai|

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58 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA prabhAcandra (980-1065 I0) prabhAcandra jaina-nyAya ke mahAn TIkAkAra the| 260 akalaGka ke laghIyastraya evaM mANikyanandI ke parIkSAmukha para prabhAcandra ne kramazaH nyAyakumudacandra evaM prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAmaka TIkAeM likhakara jainanyAya ko anupama yogadAna kiyA hai| pAThaka, jugalakizora mukhtAra, nAthUrAma premI Adi vidvAn inako AdipurANa meM smRta candrodaya ke kartA prabhAcandra se abhinna samajhakara AThavIM sadI ke uttarArddha evaM navIM sadI ke pUrvArddha meM sthira karate haiM, kintu aneka Thosa pramANoM se isakA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / 261 kailAzacandra zAstrI ne nyAyakumudacandra prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA ( pR0 123 ) meM prabhAcandra kI samayarekhA 950 I0 se 1020 I0 ke madhya khIMcI hai, kintu nyAyakumudacandra ke dvitIya bhAga kI prastAvanA ( pR0 58) meM mahendra kumAra jI isameM kucha saMzodhana kara ise 980 se 1065 I0 taka le jAte haiM, jo adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai / prabhAcandra bahuzruta vidvAn the| jaina evaM jainetara samasta darzanagraMthoM kA unheM abhyAsa thA / apane prasiddha donoM TIkAgraMthoM meM ve nyAya, vaizeSika, yoga, sAMkhya, mImAMsA, vedAnta evaM bauddha darzanoM ke vibhinna prasiddha graMthoM se pUrvapakSa kA upasthApana kara unakA yuktipurassara khaNDana karate haiM / .262 264 prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM nyAyakumudacandra ke atirikta prabhAcandra ke kucha anya graMthoM kA bhI patA calA hai, yathA - 1. tattvArthavRtti--- yaha pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi para laghuvRtti hai| 2. zAkaTAyananyAsa -yaha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI vyAkhyA hai 1 3. zabdAmbhojabhAskara - jainendra vyAkaraNa para mahAnyAsa hai / 4. pravacanasArasarojabhAskara - yaha pravacanasAra para TIkA hai / 5. gadyakathAkoza evaM 6. mahApurANa TippaNa | 263 ina racanAoM meM se zAkaTAyananyAsa ko mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ne prabhAcandra kI racanA na mAnakara use zAkaTAyana kRta hI mAnA hai| ratnakaraNDaTIkA, samAdhitantraTIkA, kriyAkalApaTIkA, AtmAnuzAsanatilaka Adi graMthoM kI bhI prabhAcandra viracita hone kI saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI gayI hai / upalabdha evaM jJAta samasta racanAoM meM jaina-nyAya se sambaddha unakI do hI racanAeM haiM- prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM nyAyakumudacandra / ye donoM inake prasiddha TIkAgraMtha haiM / prameyakamalamArtaNDa - mANikyanandI viracita jaina-nyAya ke saMkSipta sUtragraMtha parIkSAmukha para AcArya prabhAcandra kI TIkA ko prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / 265 yaha anvarthanAmA racanA hai, 260. AdipurANa meM jinasena ne candrodaya ke kartA prabhAcandra kA smaraNa kiyA hai, kintu paM0 kailAzacandrazAstrI ne 'nyAyakumudacandra' ke racayitA prabhAcandra se unheM pRthak siddha kiyA hai / - nyAyakumudacandra, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pR0 117-119 / I 261. draSTavya, nyAyakumudacandra bhAga - 2, prastAvanA pR0 50-58 262. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-1, prastAvanA pR. 125 263. aMtima cAra racanAoM kA ullekha paM. mahendra kumAra jI ne kiyA hai| draSTavya, nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-2, prastAvanA pR.59 / 264. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-2, prastAvanA, pR. 61 265. prameyakamalamArtaNDa kA prakAzana paM. mahendrakumAra jI ke saMpAdana meM nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI se huA thA / usake anantara yaha tIna bhAgoM meM jinamatI mAtAjI dvArA hindI meM anUdita hokara madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha se prakAzita huA hai / iNDiyana buksa seNTara, naI dillI ne mUla prameyakamalamArtaNDa kA punaH prakAzana kiyA hai|

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA vAstava meM yaha prameya rUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAlA mArtaNDa hai| TIkAgraMtha hote hue bhI yaha eka pRthak maulika racanA pratIta hotI hai / yaha TIkA 12000 zloka parimANa AMkI gayI hai / isameM viSayoM kI vividhatA evaM bhASA kI sarasatA hai / kArakasAkalyavAda, sannikarSavAda, indriyavRttivAda, nirvikalpaka pramANavAda,zabdAdvaitavAda,zUnyavAda,citrAdvaita,sAkArajJAnavAda,IzvaravAda,apauruSeyatvavAda Adi vividha dArzanika mantavyoM kA pUrvapakSa-upasthApana ke sAtha khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isameM prameya kI bhI carcA hai to pramANa kI bhI / pramANa hI prameya-kamala ke lie mArtaNDa hai / pramANa ke svarUpa,bheda,viSaya,phalAdi kI vipratipattiyoM kA isameM samyaka samAdhAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / bauddhoM kI pramANamImAMsA ke parIkSaNa kI dRSTi se yaha graMtha atyanta upAdeya hai,kyoMki isa graMtha meM bauddha nyAya ke lagabhaga una saba binduoM para carcA kI gayI hai jinase jainadArzanikoM kA matabheda hai| nyAyakumudacandra-prasiddha jaina naiyAyika akalaGkakI kRti laghIyastraya para yaha prabhAcandra kI vizada evaM vistRta TIkA hai / yaha nyAyakumuda ke lie candramA hai / isakI bhASA subodha evaM sarasa hai / akalaGka ke graMthoM kI samasta TIkAoM meM viSaya kI sahaja avagati ke lie nyAyakumudacandra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM jina yuktiyoM dvArA paramata khaNDana meM kuzalatA prApta kI hai,unhIM kA prayoga nyAyakumudacandra meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| donoM graMthoM meM vivecya viSaya meM adhikatara sAmya hai / mUlagraMthoM meM bhinnatA ke kAraNa kutracit viSaya-bheda bhI dRggocara hotA hai / eka hI viSaya para kucha bhinna yuktiyoM kA bhI pratipAdana hai evaM kabhI prAcIna yuktiyoM ko hI bhinna prakAra se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / prastuta grantha meM prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI bhAMti nyAyakumudacandra kA bhI pUrA upayoga huA vAdidevasUri (1086 se 1169 I0) jisa prakAra digambarAcArya mANikyanandI ne saMskRta-sUtroM meM nyAyagraMtha parIkSAmukha kI racanA kI usI prakAra zvetAmbarAcArya vAdidevasUri266 ne pramANanayatattvAloka kI racanA kii| pramANanayatattvAloka evaM parIkSAmukha meM anekatra sAmya hai / kevalI kavalAhAra,strImukti Adi kucha prasaMgoM meM avazya vaha parIkSAmukha se bhinna hai / vAdidevasUri ne pramANanayatattvAloka para vistRta TIkA graMtha syAdvAdaratnAkara kA bhI nirmANa kiyA hai / inakA samaya vikrama saM0 1146 se 1226 arthAt 1086 I0 se 1169 I0 nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / pramANanayatattvAloka-pramukha jaina tArkika, vAdideva athavA devasUri kI yaha racanA mANikyanandI ke parIkSAmukha kA anusaraNa karatI hai, kintu isameM parIkSAmukha se do (sAtavAM evaM AThavAM) pariccheda adhika haiM jinameM kramazaH naya evaM vAda kI carcA kI gayI hai| digambara mAnyatA se bheda rakhane vAle 266. inheM vAdideva evaM devasUri ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai /

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA mantavyoM kA bhI isameM sthApana kiyA gayA hai| pramANanayatatvAloka para vAdidevasUri ne svayaM bRhatkAya TIkA syAdvAdaratnAkara kI racanA kI hai, jo jaina dArzanika jagat kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai / 60 syAdvAdaratnAkara - vAdidevasUri kA yaha TIkA graMtha 84000 zloka parimANa AMkA gayA hai| isakA prakAzana zrI motIlAla lAdhA ke saMpAdana meM 196, bhavAnI peTha pUnA se vIra saMvata 2453-54 meM huA thaa| aba 1988 I0 meM punarmudraNa bhAratIya buka kArporezana, dillI ne kiyA hai| isameM vAdidevasUri ne jainetaradarzanoM ke una viSayoM kI bhI AlocanA kI hai, jo prabhAcandra ke dvArA prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM achUte raha gaye haiN| isako jo nAma diyA gayA hai, vaha vastutaH anvartha hai / yaha nyAyaviSayaka pratipattiyoM ko syAdvAda kI dRSTi se parakhane vAlA gaMbhIra samudra hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI apekSA syAdvAdaratnAkara kI bhASA adhika lalita evaM prasanna hai| viSaya kA pratipAdana bhI adhika vyavasthita hai / dharmakIrti ke pramANa lakSaNa 'pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam' evaM usa para dharmottaraTIkA kA vAdidevasUri ne samyaktayA parIkSaNa kiyA hai| nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA khaNDana kara use savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai| bauddha sammata pramANa dvitva ko aparyApta siddha kara smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA bhI devasUri ne prAmANya pratipAdita kiyA hai| vAdidevasUri pramANa- lakSaNa ko sAMvyAvahArika nahIM, pAramArthika mAnate haiM / bauddhoM ke anusAra tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti avinAbhAva ke kAraNa haiM, kintu devasUri ne inakA nirasana kiyA hai / unhoMne kAraNa hetu, pUrvacarahetu, vyApya hetu Adi hetuoM kA yAthArthya nirUpita kiyA hai / yathAprasaMga kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda, citrAdvaitavAda evaM zUnyavAda kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| yaha bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai ki kSaNikavAda meM arthakriyA sambhava nahIM hai / syAdvAdaratnAkara kA bhI prastuta adhyayana meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / pramANanayatatvAloka para vAdidevasUri ke ziSya ratnaprabhAcArya ne eka laghukAya TIkA likhI hai, jisakA nAma ratnAkarAvatArikA hai| vidvajjagat meM yaha bhI prasiddhi ko prApta huI / isa TIkA ke dvArA syAdvAdaratnAkara kA avagAhana kucha sarala ho jAtA hai / hemacandra aura pramANamImAMsA (1088 I0 se 1173 I0) kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra kI lekhanI kevala jaina-sAhitya taka sImita nahIM thI, unhoMne kAvya, chanda, vyAkaraNa, koza Adi vividha viSayoM para bhI lekhanI calAyI hai| inakI jaina nyAya viSayaka eka hI racanA hai - pramANamImAMsA / yaha yadyapi pUrI upalabdha nahIM hai, tathApi jitanI upalabdha hai 267 vahI jaina nyAya sAhitya meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai / hemacandra apanI pratibhA kA pramANamImAMsA meM pUrA upayoga karate haiM / mANikyanandI ke dvArA pramANa- lakSaNa meM prayukta apUrva evaM sva zabda ko ye anAvazyaka siddha kara samyag artha nirNaya ko pramANa kahate haiM 268 jo unakI sUjha kA paricAyaka hai| 267. upalabdha pramANamImAMsA meM do adhyAya, tIna Ahnika evaM 100 sUtra hai jo svopajJavRtti sahita haiM / 268. samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam / pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.2

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA 61 hemacandra ke anusAra gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI pramANa hotA hai| ve grahISyamANa jJAna kI bhAMti gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko bhI pramANa mAnate haiM / 269 anya jainAcArya aura unakI kRtiyAM ___ akalaGkottara yuga meM jinezvarasUri (dasavIM gyArahavIM zatI) kA pramAlakSma, candrasenasUri (gyArahavIM bArahavIM zatI) racita utpAdAdisiddhi, abhinavadharmabhUSaNa (14 vIM 15 vIM zatI)viracita nyAyadIpikA kA bhI pramANamImAMsA ke pratipAdana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| pramAlakSma evaM nyAyadIpikA meM pramANa kA sarvAGga vivecana hai| utpAdAdisiddhi meM bauddha darzana sammata apohavAda,santAnavAda Adi kA nirasana huA hai tathA pratyabhijJAna va Agama kA prAmANya pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai / haribhadrasUri ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya para guNaratnasUri (1343-1418I0) kI TIkA tathA hemacandrasUri ke anyayogavyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA para malliSeNasUri (I. 1293) kI TIkA syAdvAdamaJjarI meM bhI pramANa mImAMsA kI carcA huI hai |sptbhnggiiny kA vimaladAsa kI saptapaGgItaraMgiNI meM vistRta pratipAdana hai / isa prakAra jaina nyAya meM nirantara naI naI racanAeM hotI rahI haiM / kintu prastuta grantha meM AcArya hemacandra kI pramANamImAMsA ke pazcAdvartI racanAoM kA upayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki bhArata meM bauddha pramANazAstra kA vikAsa hemacandra ke pazcAt hotA dikhAI nahIM detaa| navyanyAya yuga jaina darzana meM nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA anukaraNa kara navya-nyAya zailI meM bhI pramANa -zAstroM kA nirUpaNa huA hai,jinameM AcArya yazovijaya kI racanAeM pramukha haiM / AcArya yazovijaya satrahavIM zatI ke mahAna jaina dArzanika the jinakI sau se Upara racanAeM haiN| jaina nyAya se sambaddha unakI racanAoM meM pramukha haiM . 1. jainatarkabhASA 2. jJAnabindu 3. aSTasahastrItAtparyavivaraNa aura 4. zAkhavArtAsamuccayaTIkA / ina samasta racanAoM para navyanyAya zailI kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| aThArahavIM zatI meM narendrasena ne pramANaprameyakalikA kI racanA kI,kintu vaha navya nyAyazailI meM nahIM hai| prastuta grantha meM jaina navya -nyAya kA upayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai / AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI ke madhya akalA evaM unake anantaravartI jaina pramANazAstra hI prastuta adhyayana kA pramukha AdhAra banA hai / digambara - zvetAmbara sampradAya70 pramANamImAMsA kI jaina paramparA meM jina pramukha jaina dArzanikoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai unameM umAsvAti ko chor3akara samasta jaina naiyAyikoM ko digambara evaM zvetAmbara ina do sampradAyoM meM rakhA 269 grahISyamANAgrAhiNa iva gRhItagrAhiNo'pi nAprAmANyam |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa 1.1.4 270. zvetAmbara sampradAya ke graMthoM meM ullekha milatA hai ki digambara sampradAya mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt arthAt 82 I0 meM udita huA evaM digambara srotoM meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kA udaya vikrama saMvat 136 arthAt 79 I0 meM batalAyA jAtA hai|- AHistory of Indian Logic,p.159

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jA sakatA hai / umAsvAti digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se AdRta rahe haiN| kundakunda, samantabhadra, sumati, pAtrasvAmI, kumAranandI, zrIdatta, akalaGka, vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, vAdirAja, mANikyanandI evaM prabhAcandra digambara jaina sampradAya ke pramukha AcArya haiM tathA siddhasena, mallavAdI, jinabhadra, siMhasUri, haribhadrasUri, siddharSigaNi, abhayadevasUri, zAntisUri, vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandra zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya ke AcArya haiN| digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne jaina-nyAya kA kaMdhe se kaMdhA milAkara vikAsa kiyaa| donoM kI pramANamImAMsIya mAnyatAoM meM vizeSa bheda nahIM hone ke kAraNa donoM ne anya matAvalambI dArzanikoM kA samAna rIti se khaNDana kiyaa| pAMcavIM zatI meM zvetAmbara jaina dArzanika mallavAdI ne diGnAga nyAya kA dvAdazAranayacakra meM khaNDana kiyA tathA unake pUrva isI sampradAya ke AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne jainanyAya kI svataMtra kRti nyAyAvatAra kA nirmANa kiyA / haribhadrasUri ne apane anekAnta dRSTi se sambaddha anekAntajayapatAkA evaM zAstravArtAsamuccaya jaise graMthoM meM anya darzanoM kA parIkSaNa kiyaa| jaina-nyAya ko vyavasthita svarUpa digambara jaina dArzanika akalaGka ne diyA tathA vidyAnanda anantavIrya, vAdirAja evaM prabhAcandra ne anya darzanoM kA khaNDana kara jaina nyAya kI patAkA ko UMcA utthaayaa| akalaGka ke pUrva jaina dArzanika sumati evaM pAtrasvAmI ne bhI jaina pramANamImAMsA ko vyApaka rUpa se prastuta kiyaa| sumati hI eka aise digambara jaina AcArya haiM jinake dvArA zvetAmbara jaina dArzanika siddhasena kI kRti sanmatitarka para TIkA racane kA ullekha milatA hai / isI prakAra zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM yazovijaya (17 vIM sadI) eka aise AcArya hai,jinhoMne digambara graMtha aSTasahasrI para tAtparyavivaraNa kI racanA kI hai| anyathA vizeSa mAnyatA bheda nahIM hote hue bhI samasta digambaraevaM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne apane sampradAya ke dArzanika graMthoM para hI TIkAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| donoM sampradAya apane nyAya graMthoM kA pRthak rUpeNa vikAsa karane meM lage hue the| yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara sampradAya meM mANikyanandI ne jo kArya parIkSAmukha kI racanA karake sampanna kiyA,zvetAmbara sampradAya meM vahI kArya vAdidevasUri ne pramANanayatatvAloka kA nirmANa karake kiyaa| isI prakAra digambara prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM nyAyakumudacandra kI samatA zvetAmbara AcArya vAdidevasUri ke syAdvAdaratnAkara se kI jA sakatI hai| ___ digambara evaM zvetAmbara sampradAya ke AcAryoM ne pArasparika AdAna-pradAna bhI kiyA hai| zvetAmbara dArzanika abhayadevasUri (10 vIM sadI) ke aneka tarkoM ko digambara dArzanika prabhAcandra (11vIM sadI) ne jyoM kA tyoM le liyA hai, to zvetAmbara dArzanika vAdidevasUri (12 vIM sadI) ne prabhAcandra ke tarkoM ko yathA rUpa apanA liyA hai / vAdidevasUri ne una prasaMgoM meM prabhAcandra se matabheda prakaTa kiyA hai jinameM zvetAmbara-sampradAya digambara-sampradAya se matabheda rakhatI hai| digambara evaM

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA zvetAmbara sampradAya ke maulika cintakoM kI yadi gaNanA kI jAya to digambara sampradAya meM kundakunda samantabhadra, pAtrasvAmI, sumati, akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda kA nAma agragaNya hai tathA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM siddhasena, mallavAdI, jinabhadra, haribhadra, abhayadevasUri evaM hemacandra kA nAma pramukha hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara jaina sampradAya meM pramANa sambandhI vivecana lagabhaga eka jaisA hai / jina mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM donoM meM maulika matabheda hai unameM pramukha hai digambara dArzanikoM dvArA pramANa ko anadhigata artha kA grAhI mAnanA tathA zvetAmbara dArzanikoM dvArA gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko bhI pramANa svIkAra karanA / vidyAnanda ke atirikta samasta digambara jaina dArzanika pramANa ko anadhigataartha kA grAhaka pratipAdita karate haiM, jabaki zvetAmbara jaina dArzanika ekamata se pramANa ko adhigata artha kA bhI grAhaka svIkAra karate haiN| digambara evaM zvetAmbara dArzanikoM meM anya matabheda pratyakSa pramANa ke antargata kevalajJAna ke sambandha meM hai| digambara dArzanika kevalajJAnI ko kavalAhArI nahIM mAnate haiM, jabaki zvetAmbara dArzanika unheM kavalAhArI bhI svIkAra karate haiM / digambara dArzanikoM ne akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai jabaki zvetAmbara dArzanikoM ne ise mahattva nahIM diyA / bauddha evaM jaina : biMdu evaM pratibiMdu bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA meM jo saMgharSa bauddhoM ke sAtha nyAya-vaizeSika evaM mImAMsA darzana kA rahA,utanA jaina dArzanikoM kA nahIM rhaa| jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzana zramaNa paramparA ke darzana haiM,ataH inakA saMgharSa vaidika -paramparA ke sAtha adhika thA,paraspara meM kama / phira bhI jaina pramANa -zAstrIya graMthoM kA sUkSmAvalokana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki AThavIM se bArahavIM sadI ke graMtha bauddha pramANamImAMsA evaM tattvamImAMsA ke khaNDana se aTe par3e haiN| akalaGka, vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, vAdirAja, abhayadeva, prabhAcandra, devasUri Adi AcAryoM ke grantha isake pramANa haiN| AThavIM sadI ke pUrva bhI siddhasena, mallavAdI, samantabhadra, siMhasUri, pAtrasvAmI Adi ke granthoM meM bauddhanyAya kA parIkSaNa huA hai / yahI nahIM ina AcAryoM ne bauddhAcAryoM se kucha grahaNa bhI kiyA hai| vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki jisa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddha pramANamImAMsA kA khaNDana kiyA hai,kyA usI prakAra kA kArya bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA bhI sampanna huA ? isa prazna ke samAdhAna kA jaba hama prayAsa karate haiM to sarvaprathama dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika meM anekAntavAda ke khaNDana para dRSTi jAtI hai| dharmakIrti ke pUrva siddhasena evaM samantabhadra ne apanI dArzanika kRtiyoM meM anekAntavAda evaM syAdvAda kA praNayana kiyA thA, ataH dharmakIrti ke dvArA usakA khaNDana kiyA jAnA svAbhAvika thaa| dharmakIrti digambara (ahrIka) jaina dArzanikoM ke anekAntavAda kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki saba padArthoM ko ubhayAtmaka (sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka) mAnane se vizeSa kA nirAkaraNa ho jAyegA phalataH samasta artha eka jaise ho jAyegeM aura taba dahI aura U~Ta bhI eka jaise hue to phira dahI ko khAne ke lie kahe jAne para

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64 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jaina U~Ta ko khAne ke lie kyoM nahIM udyata hotA 271 / dharmakIrti ke isa kathana kA uttara akalaGka ne nyAyavinizcaya meM diyA hai| akalaGka kahate haiM ki pUrvapakSa ko jAne binA dUSaNa denA vidUSakatA hai-'pUrvapakSamavijJAya dUSako'pi vidUSakaH / 272 arthAt dharmakIrti ne anekAnta ke pUrvapakSa ko samyak rUpeNa nahIM samajhA hai / akalaGka pratipAdita karanA cAhate haiM ki samasta padArtha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hokara bhI paraspara bhinna haiM / ve dharmakIrti kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra sugata pUrvabhava meM mRga the evaM mRga bhI bAda meM sugata huA phira bhI bauddha mRga ke sthAna para sugata ko kyoM nahIM khAte aura mRga kI vandanA kyoM nahIM karate? vastutaHpratyeka padArtha meM bheda vyavasthA hai| ve dravyarUpa se samAna hote hue bhI paryAya rUpa se bhinna hote haiM / 273 dharmakIrti ke pUrva diinAga Adi kisI bhI dArzanika ke upalabdha granthoM meM jaina darzana ke pramANazAstrIya athavA tattvamImAMsIya khaNDana kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| dharmakIrti ke pUrva jaina evaM bauddha dArzanikoM meM vAda avazya hotA rahA hai / isakA pramANa hai jaina dArzanika mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke dvArA bauddhoM ko parAsta kiyA jaanaa|274 mallavAdI aise prathama jaina dArzanika haiM jinhoMne vasubanyu evaM diinAga ke siddhAntoM kA ullekha karate hue unakA khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai / unhoMne vasubandhu va diDnAga sammata pratyakSa, apoha, Adi aneka bauddha mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai / isa prakAra mallavAdI diGnAga ke uttarakAla meM eka mahAn jainadArzanika hue jinhoMne dvAdaza aroM meM naya kA vivecana karate hue pramANa -zAstrIya viSaya ko bhI gaharAI se prkhaa| samprati mallavAdI kA graMtha dvAdazAranayacakra diGnAga ke mantavyoM ko bhI samajhane meM sahAyaka siddha ho rahA hai / mallavAdI ke pUrva evaM diinAga ke samaya hI siddhasena ne jaina nyAya ke prathama evaM sAragarbhita graMtha nyAyAvatAra kI racanA kI / nyAyAvatAra meM unhoMne jaina-pramANazAstra ko sarvaprathama prastuta kiyA,jisameM sahaja rUpa se bauddha pramANazAstrIya mantavyoM kA bhI khaNDana ho gyaa| siddhasena ne hetu kA lakSaNa anyathAnupapannatva dekara bauddha dArzanika diinAga ke trirUpatva hetu kA khaNDana kiyA hai / 275 diinAga ne jahA~ pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa tathA anumAna kA viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa mAnA hai vahA~ siddhasena ne 271. etenaiva yadahIkAH kimapyazlIlamAkulam / pralapanti pratikSiptaM tadapyekAntasaMpavAt / / sarvasyobhayarUpatve tdvishessniraakRteH|| codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTaM nAbhidhAvati ||-prmaannvaartik 3.181-83 272: nyAyavinizcaya, 3.372 273. sugatopi mRgo jAtaH mRgopi sugatastathA / tathApi sugato vandyo mRgaH khAdyo yatheSyate / / tathA vastubalAdeva bhedAbhedavyavasthiteH codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTamabhidhAvati // nyAyavinizcaya, 3.373-74 274.mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne vIrasaMvat 884 meM buddhAnanda nAmaka bauddha dArzanika ko chaha dina ke zAstrArtha ke pazcAt rAjasamA meM parAjita kiyA thA, isakA ullekha aneka sthAnoM para huA hai| dvAdazAranayacakra (ja) bhAga, 1, prAkkathana, pR0 14 275. anyathAnupapannatvaM hetorlakSaNamIritam / -nyAyAvatAra, 22

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina-paramparA samasta pramANoM kA viSaya anekAntAtmaka vastu ko mAnA hai / 276 diinAga ne anumAna pramANa ke svArtha evaM parArtha ye do bheda kie the,kintu siddhasena ne ina donoM bhedoM ko pratyakSa-pramANa meM bhI ghaTita kiyA hai| 277 siddhasena evaM mallavAdI ke anantara siMhasUri bhI eka uttamakoTi ke jaina dArzanika the, jinhoMne mallavAdI ke dvAdazAranayacakra para nyAyAgamAnusAriNI TIkA kI racanA kI / inhoMne TIkA meM vasubandhu evaM diinAga kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / 78 isa prakAra jainadArzanika siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra, mallavAdI ke dvAdazAranayacakra tathA siMhasUri kI TIkA meM diinAga Adi ke pramANa cintana kA yatra tatra khaNDana huA hai,tathApi vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki inake uttaravartI bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ke nyAyagraMthoM meM jainadArzanikoM kA spaSTa rUpeNa ullekha karate hue pramANazAstrIya khaNDana kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA? dharmakIrti ne jaina dArzanikoM ke mAtra anekAntavAda kA khaNDana kara pramANazAstrIya pakSoM kI upekSAkyoM kI ? isakA eka mAtra samAdhAna yaha pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya jainadArzanikoM ke cintana meM anekAntadRSTi kA prAdhAnya thaa| vahI unakA surakSA kavaca thA,ataH usakA khaNDana karanA Avazyaka evaM paryApta thA |dhrmkiirti ke pazcAt arcaTa kI hetubinduTIkA meM bhI syAdvAda kA vistAra se khaNDana milatA hai / jaina dArzanika umAsvAti ke dvArA pradatta sat ke lakSaNa utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' (tattvArtha sUtra 5.29) kA bhI arcaTa ne nirasana kiyA hai| 27 hetubinduTIkA para Aloka ke racayitA durvekamizra ne bhI syAdvAda evaM anekAntavAda kI AlocanA kI hai tathA,nityAnityAtmaka padArtha meM arthakriyA mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA hai / 280 dharmakIrti evaM arcaTa ke pazcAta hI jaina darzana meM pramANazAstrIya cintana ne zanaiH zanaiHvikAsa kiyA ataH yahI kAraNa hai ki inake anantara zAntarakSita ke graMthoM meM jaina pramANa-mImAMsA kI AlocanA zAntarakSita ne apane tatvasaDagraha meM jainadArzanika mAnyatAoM kA paryApta parIkSaNa kiyA hai| parIkSita viSayoM meM Atma-tattva,pratyakSa-lakSaNa,hetulakSaNa,syAdvAda evaM bahirarthavAda kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA dravyarUpa se saba avasthAoM meM vahI rahatA hai tathA paryAyarUpa se badalatA rahatA hai / zAntarakSita ne isakA savistAra khaNDana kiyA hai|81 isI prakAra jaina darzana ke pramukha siddhAnta syAdvAda kA bhI zAntarakSita ne parIkSaNa kiyA hai |jain darzana ke anusAra ghaTAdi padArtha se paTAdi padArtha sarvathA vyAvRtta (atulya)nahIM hai,yadi sarvathA vyAvRtta ho jAya to use khapuSpa kI bhAMti 276. anekAntAtmakaM vastu gocara : sarvasaMvidAm |-nyaayaavtaar, 29 277. parArthatvaM dUyorapi |-nyaayaavtaar,11 278. draSTavya, nyAyAgamAnusAriNI, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja.), bhAga-1, pR063,72,96,99 Adi / 279. draSTavya , yahI adhyAya, pAda TippaNa 106-109 280. draSTavya ,yahI adhyAya, pAda TippaNa 122-124 281. tattvasaMgraha, kArikA 311-327

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66 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA avastu rUpa mAnanA par3egA tathA isI prakAra ghaTAdi evaM paTAdipadArtha sarvathA eka bhI nahIM hai / yadi eka ho jAeM to unameM "yaha ghaTa hai"yaha paTa hai" ityAdi vyAvRtta jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / zAntarakSita ne syAdvAdasiddhAnta ko pUrvapakSa meM savistAra rakhakara usakA nirasana kiyA hai / 282 bahirarthavAda ke prasaMga meM zAntarakSita ne digambara jainAcArya sumati ke mata kA upasthApana kara usakA pratividhAna kiyA hai| sumatideva ke anusAra bAhya padArtha hai evaM vaha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai,zAntarakSita ne samatideva ke isa mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai283 / prameyamImAMsA ke sAtha jaina pramANamImAMsA bhI zAntarakSita dvArA parIkSita huI hai| jisameM sumatideva dvArA prastuta pratyakSapramANa tathA pAtrasvAmI kRta bauddha hetulakSaNa kA khaNDana pramukha hai| sumati ne pratyakSa kA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha mAnA hai,jabaki zAntarakSita isakA khaNDana kara svalakSaNa ko pratyakSa viSaya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiM / 284 pAtrasvAmI ne bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita vilakSaNa hetu kA vistRta khaNDana kiyA hai tathA anyathAnupapannatva rUpa hetulakSaNa ko pratiSThita kiyA hai / zAntarakSita ne use bhI pUrvapakSa meM rakhakara pAtrasvAmI ke mata kA nirasana kiyA jaina dArzanikoM dvArA bauddhoM kI pramANamImAMsA kA khaNDana zAntarakSita ke kAla taka utanA nahIM kiyA gayA thA, jitanA unake uttaravartI kAla meM huaa| zAntarakSita ke pazcAt hI akalaGka ne jaina pramANamImAMsA kA vyavasthita rUpa prastuta kiyA evaM bauddha pramANaprameyamImAMsA para AkSepa kiyaa| akalaGkake pazcAt pratyeka jaina dArzanika ne bauddha pramANa mImAMsA ke khaNDanArtha apanI kalama calAyI hai| unameM pramukha haiM-vidyAnanda , anantavIrya, siddharSigaNi , vAdirAja , abhayadevasUri , prabhAcandra , vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandra / kintu ina dArzanikoM dvArA bauddha-pramANa mImAMsA kA jo khaNDana prastuta kiyA gayA usakA pratyuttara dene vAle bauddha dArzanika graMthoM kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai / jJAnazrI mitra evaM ratnakIrti ke graMtha bhI isa sandarbha meM mahattva nahIM rakhate / isa prakAra akalaGka se lekara hemacandra taka arthAt AThavIM zatI se lekara bArahavIM zatI taka jaina nyAyagraMthoM meM bauddhamata kA khaNDana prabala rUpeNa hotA rahA, kintu bauddhadArzanikoM dvArA usakA koI pratyuttara nahIM diyA gyaa| yadi bauddhoM dvArA ina graMthoM ke tarkoM kA pratyuttara diyA gayA hotA,to saMbhava thA nyAya evaM mImAMsA darzanoM kI bhAMti jaina dArzanika graMtha bhI adhika samRddha ho gaye hote / tathApi zAntarakSita taka bauddha nyAya apane unnati ke zikhara ra thA, ataH jaina dArzanikoM dvArA usakA khaNDana kiyA jAnA jaina nyAyagraMthoM ke prauDhatva kA sUcaka hai| jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzana zramaNasaMskRti ke paricAyaka haiM,donoM ne vaidika paramparA sammata pramANa 282. tatvasaGgraha,1709-1784 283. tattvasaGgraha, 1979-1985 284. tatvasaGgraha, 1264-1283 285. tattvasaGgraha, 1363-1428

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pramANamImAMsA kI bauddha-jaina - paramparA ,286 evaM pramANamImAMsA meM pArasparika virodha rahA hai| bauddha dArzanika jahAM sat kA lakSaNa arthakriyAkAritva mAnakara use kSaNika siddha karate haiM vahAM jaina dArzanika kSaNika meM arthakriyA ko anupapanna ThaharA kara sat ko utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvyAtmaka siddha karate haiM / 287 jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra dravya dhruva rahatA hai tathA usakI paryAya pratikSaNa parivartita hotI rahatI hai, jabaki bauddha dArzanika pratikSaNa sampUrNa artha kA hI vinAza pratipAdita kara use kSaNika siddha karate haiM / unake anusAra dUsare kSaNa meM vaha vastu dUsarI hI hotI hai| vijJAnavAdI evaM zUnyavAdI bauddha dArzanika jahA~ bAhya artha kI sattA aMgIkAra nahIM karate, vahAM jaina dArzanika bAhya padArthoM ko yathArtha mAnate haiN| I bauddha dArzanika jahAM kArya evaM kAraNa ke niyama ko saMvRti sat mAnate haiM vahAM jaina dArzanika ise paramArtha sat rUpa meM aMgIkAra karate haiN| bauddha dArzanika zabda evaM artha kA pArasparika sambandha nahIM mAnate, jabaki jaina dArzanika zabda se artha kA yogyatA sambandha svIkAra karate haiM / I pramANa ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM donoM darzana jahA~ samyagjJAna ko pramANa mAnane meM ekamata haiM vahAM ve usakI nirvikalpakatA evaM savikalpakatA ko lekara vivAda karate haiN| bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa-pramANa nirvikalpaka hotA hai to jaina darzana meM savikalpaka evaM vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai / bauddha dArzanika do pramANa aMgIkAra karate haiM-- pratyakSa evaM anumAna / unake anusAra pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa evaM anumAna kA viSaya sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| donoM ke viSaya pRthak haiN| jaina dArzanika pramANa saMplava ke siddhAnta ko aMgIkAra karate haiM, jisake anusAra eka hI sAmAnya- vizeSAtmaka prameya anumAna evaM pratyakSa donoM pramANoM kA viSaya bana sakatA hai| jaina dArzanika smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama ko jahAM pramANakoTi meM rakhate haiM vahAM bauddha dArzanika smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka ko pramANakoTi se bahirbhUta rakhate haiM / Agama -pramANa kA samAveza ve anumAna - pramANa meM kara lete haiM / 67 isa prakAra bauddha evaM jaina dArzanika pramANasambaddha kucha mAnyatAoM meM ekamata haiM to aneka mAnyatAoM meM paraspara matabheda bhI rakhate haiN| - 286. arthakriyAsAmarthyalakSaNatvAd vastunaH / - nyAyabindu, 1.15 287 utpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM sat / - tattvArthasUtra, 5.29

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dvitIya adhyAya pramANa- lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda zramaNasaMskRti ke paricAyaka bauddha evaM jaina donoM darzana pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnate haiM / naiyAyikoM ko abhISTa kArakasAkalya, indriya evaM indriyArthasannikarSa', sAMkhyasammata indriyavRtti, mImAMsakAbhimata jJAtRvyApA Adi ko ye donoM darzana ajJAnAtmaka yA acetanAtmaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM / " inake mata meM pramANa jJAnAtmaka hai, kyoMki vaha hI heya evaM upAdeya artha kA jJAna karAne meM samartha hotA hai / ' bauddhamata meM vahI arthaprApaka, pravartaka evaM saMvAdaka hotA hai tathA jaina darzana meM vahI nizcayAtmaka evaM saMvAdaka rUpa meM abhISTa hai| jisa jJAna ko ye donoM darzana pramANa mAnate haiM vaha samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai| pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnate hue bhI tattvamImAMsA kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa ina donoM darzanoM ke pramANa -lakSaNa meM aneka maulika matabheda haiN| bauddha dArzanika diDnAga (pAMcavI zatI) se kamalazIla (AThavIM zatI) taka evaM jaina dArzanika siddhasena (pAMcavI zatI) se hemacandra (bArahavIM zatI) taka pramANa evaM prAmANyavAda ke sambandha meM jo UhApoha huA hai usa para prastuta adhyAya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prArambha meM bauddha evaM jaina darzana ke anusAra pramANa svarUpa kA saMkSipta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / tadanantara jaina dArzanikoM dvArA bauddhoM ke pramANa - lakSaNa kI AlocanA prastuta kI gayI hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kI gayI AlocanA kA samIkSaNa karane ke anantara prAmANyavAda para vicAra kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM pramANa- lakSaNa bauddha darzana meM pramANalakSaNa kA nirUpaNa tIna prakAra se milatA hai| prathama prakAra meM ajJAta artha jJApaka yA prakAzaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| dvitIya prakAra meM avisaMvAdI jJAna ko evaM tRtIya prakAra meM arthasArUpya ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| prathama lakSaNa bauddhoM ke prathama prakAra ke pramANa - lakSaNa meM ajJAta artha ke jJApaka jJAna ko rakhA jA sakatA hai| 1. avyabhicArAdivizeSaNaviziSTArthopalabdhijanakaM kArakasAkalyaM sAdhakatamatvAt pramANam / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 19 2. tasyAH karaNaM trividhaM / kadAcid indriyaM kadAcidindriyArthasannikarSaH kadAcijjJAnam |-trkbhaassaa (kezavamizra), pR0 46 (pratyakSa -- pramANa vivecana meM) 3. prativiSayAdhyavasAyo dRSTam / - sAMkhyakArikA, 5 4. tatra vyApArAcca pramANatA / - zlokavArtika, pratyakSa sUtra, 61 5. (a) jJAnaM pramANaM, nAjJAnamindriyArthasannikarSAdi - pramANavArtika (ma.na.) 1.3 (ba) sannikarSAderajJAnasya prAmANyamanupapannam arthAntaravat / - laghIyastrayavRtti, 1.3, (sa) prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM kArakasAkalya, indriyArthasannikarSa, indriyavRtti evaM jJAtRvyApAra ko pramANa mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA hai / draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR. 19-74 6. (1) -dhI pramANatA / pravRttestatpradhAnatvAt heyopAdeyavastuni // - pramANavArtika, 1.5 (2) hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamarthaM hi pramANaM tato jJAnameva tat / - - parIkSAmukha, 1.2

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda bauddha nyAyagraMthoM meM pramANa kA yahI sarvAdhika prAcIna pAramArthika lakSaNa hai| diDnAga ke TIkAkAra jinendrabuddhi ne vizAlAmalavatI TIkA meM isakA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai ki ajJAta artha kA jJApaka jJAna pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| svayaM diinAga ke upalabdha pramANasamuccaya graMtha meM yadyapi isakA ullekha nahIM hai tathApi unake dvArA pratipAdita pramANasvarUpa se usakI ajJAtArthajJApakatA kA spaSTa bhAna hotA hai / ve pratipAdita karate haiM ki smRti,icchA,dveSa,pratyabhijJAna Adi pramANa nahIM haiM ,kyoMki inake dvArA adhigata viSaya kA hI jJAna karAyA jAtA hai| spaSTataH isa kathana se ve pramANa kI ajJAtArthajJApakatA kA pratipAdana karanA cAhate haiM / ve kahate haiM ki smRti ,icchA, dveSAdi ko pramANa mAnA jAya to anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| diinAga ke isa abhiprAyako jinendrabuddhi ne bhI abhivyakta karate hue kahA hai ki AcArya diGnAga ko pramANa kI jJAtaviSayakatA abhISTa nahIM hai,kyoMki usame anavasthA doSa upasthita hotA hai / 10 pramANa ke isa lakSaNa kA diinAga ke pazcAt dharmakIrti, dharmottara, Adi bauddha dArzanikoM ne upapAdana evaM samarthana kiyA hai / dharmakIrti ne yadyapi pramANa kA eka anya lakSaNa "avisaMvAdI jJAna pramANa hai"11 bhI prastuta kiyA hai tathApi ve gauNa rUpa se "ajJAtArthaprakAzo vA" kahakara ajJAta artha ke prakAzaka jJAna ko bhI pramANa kahate haiM / prajJAkaragupta ne ajJAtArthaprakAzaka jJAna ko pramANa kA pAramArthika lakSaNa kahA hai tathA avisaMvAdI jJAna ko usakA sAMvyAvahArika lakSaNa batalAyA hai / 13 dharmottara ne pramANa ko anadhigata viSayaka mAnane ke pIche yaha hetu diyA hai ki artha ke adhigata ho jAne para usake prati puruSa pravartita ho jAtA hai tathA artha kI prApti ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra artha kA adhigama ho jAne para pramANavyApAra samApta ho jAtA hai, isalie anadhigata arthaviSayaka jJAna ko pramANa kahanA caahie|" adhigata artha kA jJAna apramANa hai ,kyoMki usameM pUrva adhigata jJAna se koI vaiziSTya nahIM hai|15 7.ajJAtArthajJApakamiti pramANasAmAnyalakSaNam |-vishaalaamlvtii , pramANasamuccaya, pR0 11. 8. smRtIcchAdveSAdivat pUrvAdhigamaviSayatvAt / - Dignaga, on perception, saMskRtaTeksTa, 3, evaM tattvArthavArtika, 1.12 pR056 9.(1) yadi sarveSAM jJAnAnAM pramANatvamiSyate pramANAnavasthA prasajyate / smRtaadivt|-prmaannsmuccyvRtti, pR011. (2) nA'pi punaH pratyabhijJA'navasthA syAt smRtAdivat-pramANasamuccya,3 10. AcAryasya jJAtaviSayakaM pramANaM netyatra kAraNamAha anavasthAprasaMgAditi |-vishaalaamlvtii, pramANasamuccaya, pR0 11. 11. pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam |-prmaannvaartik, 1.3 12. pramANavArtika, 1.7 13. tatra pAramArthikapramANalakSaNametat / pUrvaM tu sAMvyAvahArikasya |-- pramANavArtikabhASya, pR0 30.22 / 14. adhigate cArthe pravartitaH puruSaH prApitadhArthaH / tathA.ca satyAdhigamAt samAptaH pramANavyApAraH / ata eva cAnadhigataviSayaM pramANam |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.1, pR0 11. 15. yenaiva jJAnena prathamamadhigato'rthaH tenaiva pravartitaH puruSaH prApitazcArthaH / tatraiva cArthe kimanyena jJAnenAdhikaM kAryam / tato'dhigataviSayamapramANam |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.1. pR0 11

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA bauddha dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa evaM anumAna pramANoM ke prasaMga meM unake vizeSa lakSaNa diye haiM, kintu pramANa kI ve yaha sAmAnya vizeSatA mAnate haiM ki pramANa ajJAta artha yA anadhigata viSaya kA jJApaka athavA prakAzaka hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki diGnAga ne pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa evaM anumAna kA viSaya usase bhinna sAmAnyalakSaNa pratipAdita kiyA hai / 70 kumArila ne zlokavArtika meM bauddhamata ko prastuta karate hue usakI anadhi tArthaviSayatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai, tadanusAra bauddha dArzanika mImAMsakoM para AkSepa karate hue kahate haiM " yadi kisI artha ko pratyakSa ke dvArA jAna liyA gayA hai to usI artha ko jAnane ke lie anumAna, upamAna Adi 'pramANa' nahIM ho sakate / isI prakAra kisI artha kA anumAna Adi se jJAna ho gayA hai to usakA pratyakSa ke dvArA jJAna hone kA prAmANya nahIM hai| "16 ajJAtArthajJApakatA ke kAraNa hI dimAga ne bhinna bhinna prameyoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna pramANoM kI vyavasthA pradAna kI hai / ve do prakAra ke prameyoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM--svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnya lakSaNa | ina do prakAra ke prameyoM ke lie pramANa bhI do prakAra ke mAne hai - pratyakSa evaM anumAna / pratyakSA viSaya svalakSaNa hai tathA anumAna kA viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa hai|' bauddhamata ke anusAra jisa sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya kA jJAna anumAna pramANa dvArA hotA hai use punaH pratyakSa pramANa dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, isI prakAra jisa svalakSaNa prameya kA jJAna pratyakSa-pramANa dvArA hotA hai use punaH anumAna pramANa dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / 18 17 mImAMsakoM ne bhI pramANa ko anadhigata artha kA adhigantA pratipAdita kiyA hai, kintu ve nizcita prameya ke lie nizcita pramANa kI vyavasthA pradAna nahIM karate / isIlie bauddhoM ne mImAMsakoM para uparyukta AkSepa kiyA hai / bauddhoM evaM mImAMsakoM kA isa bAta meM sAmya hai ki ve donoM pramANa ko anadhigata artha kA grAhaka mAnate haiM, kintu mImAMsakoM ke yahA~ anadhigatArthAdhigantRtva pramANa kA eka vizeSaNa hai, sampUrNa lakSaNa nahIM / pArthasArathi mizra ke anusAra kAraNadoSa se rahita evaM bAdhakajJAna se rahita jo agRhItagrAhI jJAna hai vaha pramANa hai / " kumArila ke zlokavArtika meM bhI isa prakAra pramANa ke anadhigatArthagrAhitva svarUpa kA ullekha hai / 2deg mImAMsakoM kA pramANa-svarUpa ke sambandha meM eka zloka prasiddha hai jise kumArila kartRka mAnA jAtA hai (kintu zlokavArtika meM upalabdha nahIM hai)| usake anusAra vaha jJAna pramANa hai 19 16, pratyakSA'vagate cArthe kutasteSAM pramANatA / tairyadA sa pratIyeta tadA nAkSasya gocaraH // - zlokavArtika, pratyakSasUtra, 91 17. pratyakSamanumAnazca pramANaM dvilakSaNam / prameyaM tatprayogArthaM na pramANAntaraM bhavet // atra pramANaM dvividhameva / kutazcet dvilakSaNaM prameyaM / svasAmAnyalakSaNAbhyAM bhinnalakSaNaM prameyAntaraM nAsti / -pramANasamucyavRtti, 2 pR0 4 18. svalakSaNaviSayakaM pratyakSameva / sAmAnyalakSaNaviSayakamanumAnameva / - vizAlAmalavatI, pR0 6 19. kAraNadoSabAdhakajJAnarahitamagRhItagrAhijJAnaM pramANam / zAstradIpikA, pR0 45 / * 20. yaH pUrvAvagatoM 'zo 'tra sa na nAma pramIyate / - zlokavArtika, pratyakSasUtra, 233 /

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pramANa- lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda pUrva arthako viSaya karatA ho, nizcita ho, bAdhArahita ho, aduSTa kAraNa se utpanna huA ho tathA lokavyavahAra meM mAnya ho / 21 zlokavArtika meM kumArila ne anyatra jJAtRvyApAra ko pramANa kahA hai| 22 71 bauddha evaM mImAMsakoM meM pahale anadhigatArthagantRtA ko pramANa kA lakSaNa kisane svIkAra kiyA, isa viSaya meM abhI taka spaSTa mata sAmane nahIM AyA hai| zverabAtskI, Adi vidvAn isa viSaya meM mauna haiM, kintu DI. ena. zAstrI kA mata hai ki saMbhavataH bauddha prabhAva se mImAMsakoM ne unake pramANalakSaNa meM anadhigatArthagantRtA ko sthAna diyA hai / 23 unakA yaha mata ucita pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki zabarasvAmI taka mImAMsAdarzana meM pramANa ko anadhigatArthagrAhI nahIM kahA gayA hai| pramANa ko anadhigatArthagrAhI athavA ajJAtArthajJApaka kahanA bauddha tattvamImAMsA meM upayukta pratIta hotA hai, kintu mImAMsA darzana meM jahA~ prameyArtha kSaNika nahIM hai, tathA dhArAvAhI jJAna ko bhI jahA~ pramANa mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ anadhigatArthagntRtA ko pramANalakSaNa mAnanA asaMgata hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki pramANa ke anadhigatArthagantRtva lakSaNa kA khaNDana naiyAyikoM evaM jainadArzanikoM dvArA prAyaH mImAMsakoM ko lakSya karake hI kiyA gayA hai, bauddhoM ko lakSya karake nahIM / bauddhoM kI apekSA mImAMsakoM ko lakSya karake pramANa kI anadhigatArthagantRtA kA khaNDana karane ke aprAGkita anya mukhya kAraNa pratIta hote haiM - (1) dharmakIrti ke dvArA pramANa kA eka anya lakSaNa "avisaMvAdI jJAna pramANa hai" (pramANavArtika, 1.3) diye jAne para bauddha pramANazAstra meM vaha mukhya lakSaNa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gayA tathA ajJAtArthajJApakatva lakSaNa saMbhavataH gauNa ho gayA, jabaki mImAMsA darzana meM ise prArambha se anta taka samAnarUpeNa mahattva diyA gayA / (2) mImAMsaka eka ora anadhigatArthagantR jJAna ko pramANa mAnate haiM to dUsarI ora dhArAvAhika jJAna meM bhI prAmANya pratipAdita karate haiM, jo pArasparika virodha kI pratIti karAtA hai / bauddhoM ke yahAM yogipratyakSa ke pramAtA ke atirikta kisI ke bhI dhArAvAhika jJAna ke prAmANya ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA, ataH unake ajJAtArthajJApakatva meM pArasparika visaMgati nahIM thI / (3) bauddha darzana niraMza kSaNikavAdI hai, jisake anusAra pratyeka bhAvI kSaNa anadhigata hI rahatA hai / ataH unakI tattvamImAMsA meM kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana karanA prathama AvazyakatA thii| kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana karane para hI ajJAtArthajJApakatva - lakSaNa kA khaNDana saMbhava thA, ataH bhAratIyadarzana meM kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana pracurarUpeNa kiyA gayA hai, jabaki unake pramANa lakSaNa ke anadhigatArthajJApakatva yA ajJAtArthaprakAzakatva svarUpa kA kama / dvitIya lakSaNa dvitIya prakAra meM dharmakIrti ke dvArA nirUpita pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam lakSaNa ko rakhA jA 21. tatrApUrvArdhavijJAnaM nizcitaM bAdhavarjitam / aduSTakAraNArabdhaM pramANaM lokasammatam // 22. tatra vyApArAcca pramANatA / - zlokavArtika, pratyakSa sUtra, 61 23. The Purva Mimamsa definition seems to have been adopted under the influence of the Buddhist whose definition is identical with it. 24. pramANavArtika, 1.3 Critique of Indian Realism, p. 471

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72 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA sakatA hai, jisake anusAra avisaMvAdI jJAna pramANa hai| bauddha pramANazAstra meM yaha lakSaNa sarvAdhika prasiddha evaM sAMvyAvahArika hai / avisaMvAdI kA artha yahAM abhrAnta nahIM hai,kyoMki dharmakIrti ke mata meM bhrAnta jJAna bhI kadAcit anumAna ke rUpa meM pramANa hotA hai / ve avisaMvAdI zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue avisaMvAdana kA artha arthakriyAsthiti karate haiM / 25 arthakriyAsthiti kA artha hai arthaprApaNa kI yogytaa| avisaMvAdakatva kI vistRta vyAkhyA dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAra dharmottara ne kI hai,jo nIce prastuta hai| dharmottara kahate haiM ki loka meM jisa prakAra pUrva pradarzita vastu ko prApta karA dene vAlA puruSa saMvAdaka kahalAtA hai usI prakAra jJAna bhI apane dvArA pradarzita (avabodhita) artha ko prApta karAne ke kAraNa saMvAdaka kahA jAtA hai / yahAM prApta karAne kA artha pradarzita artha meM pravartaka honA hai,kyoMki jJAna vastu ko utpanna karake use prApta nahIM karAtA,apitu pradarzita artha meM puruSa ko pravRtta karatA hai| yahI jJAna kI prApakatA,prakAzarUpatA yA jJApakatA hai| pravartaka hone kA artha bhI yaha nahIM ki jJAna puruSa ko haThAt pravRtta karatA hai / 26 saMkSepa meM kaheM to pravRtti ke viSaya kA bodha karAne vAlA jJAna pramANa hotA hai / yaha arthakriyA meM samartha vastu kA pradarzaka hotA hai| dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAra prajJAkaragapta ne arthakriyAsthiti kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA ki agni Adi artha meM dAha,pAka Adi kriyA niSpatti kA avicalita rahanA avisaMvAdana hai / 27 arthAt agni meM jisa arthakriyAkAritva kA jJAna huA hai vaha yadi prAptikAla meM vicalita nahIM ho to vaha jJAna avisaMvAdaka hone se pramANa hai / pramANavArtika ke vRttikAra manoradhanandI ke mata meM upadarzita artha ke anurUpa kriyA kI sthiti honA avisaMvAdakatA hai aura yahI pramANayogyatA hai,kyoMki jJAna se artha ko jAnakara bhI puruSa pravRtta nahIM hotA hai evaM pravRtti karatA huA bhI pratibandha Adi ke kAraNa arthakriyA ko prApta nahIM karatA hai, tathApi upadarzita artha kA jJAna pramANayogyatA rUpa avisaMvAdakatA ke prApta hone se pramANa hotA hai / 28 manorathanandI ke anusAra pramANa kA yaha avisaMvAditva lakSaNa bAhyArtha ko svIkAra karane vAle bauddhoM tathA vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM donoM meM samAna rUpa se lAgU ho jAtA hai / 29 25. arthakriyAsthitiH avisNvaadnm|- pramANavArtika, 1.3 26. loke ca pUrvamupadarzitamartha prApayan saMvAdaka ucyate / tavajjJAnamapisvayaM pradarzitamartha prApayat saMvAdakamucyate / pradarzite cArthe pravartakatvameva prApakatvam, nAnyat tathAhi-na jJAnaM janayadarthaM prApayati apitvarthe puruSaM pravartayat praapytyrthm| pravartakatvamapi pravRttiviSayapradarzakatvameva / na hi puruSa haThAt pravartayituM zaknoti vijJAnam |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.1 pR010 27. arthasya dAhapAkAdeH kriyAniSpattistasyAH sthitiravicalanamavisaMvAdanaM vyavasthA vA / --pramANavArtikabhASya, pR0 4.4 28. yathopadarzitArthasya kriyAyAH sthitiH pramANayogyatA avisaMvAdanam / atazca yato jJAnAdartha paricchidyApi na pravartate, pravRtto vA kutazcit pratibandhAderarthakriyAM nAdhigacchati, tadapi pramANameva, pramANayogyatAlakSaNasyAvisaMvAdasya sattvAt / - pramANavArtika (ma0na0), 1.3, pR04 29. etaccAvisaMvadanaM bAhyAtheMtaravAdayoH samAnaM prmaannlkssnnm| vijJAnanaye'pisAdhananirmAsajJAnAntarama kriyAni sajJAnameva sNvaadH|-prmaannvaartik (ma0na0), 1.3, pR. 4

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda 73 durvekamizra ne dharmottara kI vyAkhyA ko puSTa karate hue kahA hai ki pravRttiviSayakavastu kA prApaka yA avisaMvAdaka jJAna samyagjJAna hai aura vahI pramANa hai|30 isa prakAra jJAna artha kA prakAzaka mAtra nahIM ,apitu pravartaka yA avisaMvAdaka hai / yahI prathama lakSaNa se dvitIya lakSaNa kA sUkSma bheda hai / dUsarA sthUla bheda anadhigata padake grahaNa na karane se saMbaddha pratIta hotA hai ,kintu dharmakIrti ke mata meM bhI diinAga kI bhAMti pramANa adhigata artha kA grAhI nahIM hotaa| isalie "ajJAtArthaprakAzovA" vAkya ke dvArA dharmakIrti pramANa ko ajJAta artha kA prakAzaka mAnate haiN| bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa evaM anumAna ina do pramANoM kI kalpanA hai| pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa evaM anumAna kA viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa mAnya hai| svalakSaNa ko arthakriyAsAmarthya se yukta hone ke kAraNa paramArthasat mAnA gayA hai tathA sAmAnyalakSaNa ko svalakSaNa dvArA arthakriyA karAne se saMvRtisat kahA gayA hai|31 svalakSaNa ke paramArtha sat hone se dharmakIrti ne vastutaH eka hI prameya svalakSaNa ko aMgIkAra kiyA hai,32 tathApi ve sAMvyavahArika dRSTi se sAmAnyalakSaNa dvArA bhI svalakSaNa kI prApti karAye jAne se usako saMvRtisat mAnakara do viSayoM athavA prameyoM kA bhI kathana karate haiN|33 pratyakSa evaM anumAna donoM avisaMvAdaka hone se pramANa haiM / pratyakSa to arthakriyAsAmarthya se yukta svalakSaNa ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa svataH avisaMvAdaka hai ,kintu anumAna kI avisaMvAdakatA usake dvArA svalakSaNa kI prApti karAye jAne para nirbhara karatI hai| anumAna ko yadyapi dharmakIrti prAntajJAna mAnate haiM , tathApi use avisaMvAdaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa mAnate haiN|35 ve isake lie maNiprabhA evaM dIpaprabhA kA udAharaNa dete haiM ki koI puruSa maNiprabhA evaM dIpaprabhA ko 'yaha maNi' hai isa prakAra samajhakara unakI ora daur3atA hai, kintu dIpaprabhA evaM maNiprabhA donoM hI maNi nahIM hai,ataH inheM maNi samajhane kA usa puruSa kA jJAna mithyA hone se prAnta hai tathApi maNiprabhA kI ora daur3ane para puruSa ko maNi kI prApti ho jAtI hai| ataH vaha jJAna prAnta hone para bhI avisaMvAdaka hotA hai| isI prakAra sAmAnyalakSaNaviSayaka anumAna se jaba arthakriyAsamarthasvalakSaNa kI prApti hotI hai to anumAna bhI saMvAdaka hone se pramANa kahA jAtA hai| 30. avisaMvAdakaM pravRttiviSayavastuprApakaM samyagjJAnamiti |-dhrmottrprdiip, pR0 17 31. arthakriyAsamartha yat tadatra prmaarthst| ___ anyat saMvRtisat proktaM, te sAmAnyasvalakSaNe ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.3 32. meyaM tvekaM svlkssnnm|-prmaannvaartik, 2.53 33. tasmAdarthakriyAsiddheHsadasattAvicAraNAt / ___tasya svapararUpAbhyAM gateyadvayaM matam ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.54 34. ayathAbhinivezena dvitIyA prAntiriSyate |-prmaannvaartik, 2.55 35. abhiprAyA'visaMvAdAdapi prAnteHpramANatA |-prmaannvaartik 2.56 36. maNipradIpaprabhayomaNibaddhayAbhidhAvatoH / mithyAjJAnAvizeSe'pi vizeSo'rthakriyAM prati ||-prmaannvaartik 2.57

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bauddha pramANamImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA isa prakAra dharmakIrti kI avisaMvAdakatA arthakriyAsAmarthyayukta vastu kI prApti para nirbhara karatI hai / isalie ve spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate haiM - arthakriyA ke anurodha se prAmANya kI vyavasthA hai| 37 1 bauddha darzana kSaNikavAdI hai| usake anusAra jo vastu isa kSaNa meM utpanna hotI hai vaha AgAmI kSaNa meM pUrNatayA naSTa ho jAtI hai, tathA tatsadRza anya vastu utpanna ho jAtI hai| jisa vastu kA hama isa samaya pratyakSa kara rahe haiM vaha anantaravartI kSaNa meM vidyamAna nahIM rahatI hai| isa prakAra dharmakIrti ke pramANalakSaNa meM bAdhA khar3I hotI hai ki jisa svalakSaNa vastu kA isa kSaNa pratyakSa ho rahA hai, vaha uttaravartI kSaNa meM prApta nahIM hotI hai, koI anya hI vastu dUsare kSaNa meM prApta hotI hai, to phira prazna uThatA hai ki arthaprApakatA ke abhAva meM avisaMvAdakatA kahAM rahI ? 74 isa samasyA ko dharmottara ne samajhA tathA usakA samAdhAna khojane kA prayAsa kiyA / tadanusAra pramANa kA viSaya do prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA gayA- grAhya evaM prApaNIya athavA adhyavaseya / pratyakSa pramANa kA grAhya viSaya svalakSaNa hai evaM prApaNIya athavA adhyavaseya viSaya pratyakSa ke AdhAra para utpanna kSaNa saMtAna hai, kyoMki svalakSaNa kSaNa prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ataH pratyakSa kA prApaNIya viSaya saMtAna hai / isI prakAra anumAna kA grAhya viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa hai, jo anartharUpa hai, kintu usakA adhyavaseya viSaya svalakSaNa hai / svalakSaNa ko prApta karAne se anumAna bhI pramANa hai| isa prakAra dharmottara ne pratyakSa evaM anumAna pramANoM ke avisaMvAdakatva ko grAhya evaM adhyavaseya viSayoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| 38 donoM lakSaNoM kI paraspara pUrakatA bauddhoM ke pramANalakSaNa meM eka ora avisaMvAdI jJAna ko pramANa kahA gayA tathA dUsarI ora ajJAta artha ke prakAzaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA gayA, kintu ye donoM pramANa -lakSaNa eka dUsare ke pUraka banakara pramANa-svarUpa ko prakaTa karate haiM; anyathA dhArAvAhI jJAna meM avisaMvAditA rahane se dvitIya pramANa lakSaNa ke anusAra use bhI pramANa mAnane kA prasaMga AtA hai jo doSapUrNa hai| isalie pramANavArtika ke vRttikAra manorathanandI ina donoM pramANa lakSaNoM ko paraspara sApekSa pratipAdita karate haiM / ve pramANa ko avisaMvAdI mAnane ke sAtha use ajJAtArtha kA prakAzaka evaM ajJAta artha kA prakAzaka mAnane ke sAtha usakA avisaMvAdI honA Avazyaka mAnate haiM / 39 ajJAtArtha prakAzakatA ke binA sAMvRta jJAna kA 37. arthakriyAnurodhena prAmANyaM vyavasthitam / - pramANavArtika, 2.58 38. dvividho hi viSayaH pramANasya-grAhyazca yadAkAramutpadyate, prApaNIyazca yamadhyavasyati / anyo hi grAhyo'nyazcAdhyavaseyaH / pratyakSasya hi kSaNa eko grAhyaH / adhyavaseyastu pratyakSabalotpannena nizcayena santAna eva / santAna eva ca pratyakSasya prApaNIyaH / kSaNasya prApayitumazakyatvAt / tathAnumAnamapi svapratibhAse'nartherthA'dhyavasAyena pravRtteranarthagrAhi / sa punarAropitothoM grAhyamANaH svalakSaNatvenAvasIyate yataH tataH svalakSaNamadhyavasitaM pravRttiviSayo'numAnasya / anarthastu grAhyaH / - nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.12, pR0 70-72 / 39. nanvavisaMvAdAdevAjJAtArthaprakAzo jJAtavyaH, anyathA pIn2azaMkhajJAnamapi pramANaM syAt tathA cAvisaMvAditvameva pramANamastu kimanenAbhihitena ? nanvavisaMvAdibhyo'jJAtArthaprakAzakaM jJAyate, na tu jJAnatvAdibhya iti pUrvasyApekSaNIyatA lakSaNena, na tu pareSAmiti vizeSaH ? yadyevam tadA visaMvAditve'pyajJAtArthaprakAzanamapekSyate eva nAnyathA sAMvRtasya nirAsaH zakyaH kartum / tasmAdubhayamapi parasparasApekSameva lakSaNaM boddhavyam / / --- pramANavArtika (ma0na0), pR0 8

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda 75 nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA tathA avisaMvAditA ke binA arthakriyA meM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI, isalie donoM lakSaNa milakara hI pramANa ke vyavahAra evaM paramArtha rUpa ko prakaTa karane meM samartha haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarakAla meM mokSAkaragupta donoM pramANalakSaNoM kA samanvaya karate hue apUrva viSayaka samyagjJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| deg samyagjJAna kA artha bauddha darzana meM avisaMvAdaka jJAna kiyA gayA tRtIya lakSaNa bauddhadarzana meM pramANa ke tRtIya lakSaNa arthasArUpya kA nirUpaNa ajJAtArthaprakAzakatA evaM avisaMvAdI jJAna kI bhA~ti svataMtra rUpa se nahIM milatA hai, kintu jaba pramANa evaM usake phala meM bheda pradarzita kiyA gayA hai taba arthasArUpya ko pramANa evaM adhigati ko phala kahA gayA hai / arthasArUpya ko pramANa bAhyArthavAda kI dRSTi se kahA gayA hai| vijJAnavAda ke anusAra yogyatA ko pramANa evaM svasaMvitti ko phala kahA gayA hai / bAhya artha ko jAnate samaya jJAna arthAkAra ho jAtA hai,athavA artha ke sarUpa ho jAtA hai| jJAna kA arthasarUpa honA hI pramANa hai / pramANa kA yaha svarUpa diinAga ke pramANasamuccaya,zaMkarasvAmI ke nyAyapraveza,dharmakIrti ke nyAyabindu evaM zAntarakSita ke tattvasaGgraha meM spaSTa rUpeNa pratipAdita hai / diDnAga savyApAra jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| unake mata meM nirvyApAra jJAna pramANa nahIM hai| 2 diinAgake ziSya zaGkarasvAmI ne bhI savyApAravatI khyAti kA hI pramANatva aMgIkAra kiyA hai| dharmakIrti ne savyApAra zabda kA prayoga nahIM karake arthasArUpya zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jJAna kA jo artha ke sAtha sArUpya yA sAdRzya hai vaha pramANa hai| dharmottara ne sArUpya lakSaNa ko pramA ke karaNa ke rUpa meM pramANa kahA hai| 5 jisa viSaya se jJAna udita hotA hai vaha usa viSaya ke sadRza hotA hai / jaise nIla se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna nIla ke sadRza hI hotA hai| anya zabdoM meM kaheM to viSayAkAratA pramANa evaM viSayAvagati usakA phala hai| zAntarakSita ne sArUpya ke sAtha yogyatA ko bhI pramANa kA lakSaNa kahA hai| yogyatA ko pramANalakSaNa unhoMne taba kahA hai jaba svasaMvitti phala ho / viSayAdhigati ke phala hone para to ve bhI sArUpya ko hI pramANa mAnate haiN|46 kamalazIla apanI tatvasAhapaJjikA meM isakA vizada vivecana 40. pramANaM samyagjJAnamapUrvagocaram |-trkbhaassaa (mokSAkarA pR0,1 41. avisaMvAdakaM jJAnaM smygjnyaanm|-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.1, pR0 10 42. savyApArapratItatvAt pramANaM phalameva st|| ___ pramANatvopacArastu nirvyApAre na vidyate ||-prmaannsmuccy, 9 43. savyApAravatkhyAteH pramANatvamiti |-nyaayprvesh, pR07.17 44. arthasArUpyamasya prmaannm|-nyaaybindu, 1.20 45. karaNasAdhanena mAnazabdena sArUpyalakSaNaM pramANamabhidhIyate / - nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.3 pR0 30 46. viSayAdhigatizAtra pramANaphalamiSyate svavittirvA pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vA ||-tttvsNgrh, 1343

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 47 karate hue kahate haiM ki jaba bAhya artha prameya hotA hai taba viSayAdhigati phala hotA hai tathA sArUpya pramANa hotA hai aura jaba jJAnAtmA prameya hotA hai taba svasaMvitti phala hotA hai evaM yogyatA pramANa hotI hai / yogyatA ke kAraNa hI jJAna AtmaprakAzaka hotA hai| zAntarakSita ke pUrva pramANavArtika meM dharmakIrti ne bhI isa Azaya kA kathana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM- 'rAgAdi anubhavAtma hone se svAtma saMvedana ke yogya haiM, unakI yogyatA pramANa hai, AtmA svarUpa prameya hai evaM phala svasaMvitti hai / ' 48 76 arthasArUpya kI vizeSacarcA pramANa- phala kA vivecana karate samaya SaSTha adhyAya meM kI gaI hai| tathA usakA jainadArzanikoM ke dvArA khaNDana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 49 jainadarzana meM pramANa- lakSaNa jainadarzana meM sAmAnya rUpa se jo pramANa-lakSaNa pratiSThita huA hai, usake anusAra sva evaM para artha kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna pramANa hai| jainadArzanika nyAyadarzana sammata indriya evaM indriyArthasannikarSa kI bhAMti bauddhAbhimata nirvikalpaka jJAna ko bhI avyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM / 50 jainadArzanika pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnane ke sAtha nizcayAtmaka bhI mAnate haiN| nizcayAtmakatA athavA vyavasAyAtmakatA hI jaina dArzanikoM ke pramANa kA pramukha lakSaNa hai, jo use bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita pramANa- lakSaNa se pRthak karatA hai / yadyapi bauddhadarzana ke prabhAva se jaina pramANalakSaNa meM anadhigatArthaprAhitA evaM avisaMvAdakatA kA bhI samAveza huA hai, kintu anadhigatArthaprAhitA ko sAre jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANalakSaNa ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| akalaGka, mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra, Adi digambara dArzanikoM ne ise pramANalakSaNa meM garbhita karake anadhigata athavA apUrva artha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| abhayadevasUri, siddharSigaNi, vAdidevasUri, hemacandra Adi zvetAmbara tathA vidyAnanda jaise digambara jaina dArzanika ne pramANa lakSaNa meM anadhigata athavA apUrva vizeSaNa ko anucita mAnakara usakA khaNDana kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki jainadarzana ko pramANa kA ajJAtArthajJApaka lakSaNa sarvasammati se abhISTa nahIM hai| avisaMvAdakatA ko akalaGka se lekara anta taka sabhI digambara evaM zvetAmbara jaina dArzanikoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu ve avisaMvAdakatA kA mAnadaNDa nizcayAtmakatA ko mAnate haiN| saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya se rahita jJAna jaina darzanAnusAra nizcayAtmaka hotA hai tathA vahI pramANa kahA gayA hai| nizcayAtmakatA ke abhAva meM jainadArzanikamata meM koI jJAna saMvAdaka nahIM ho sakatA / saMvAdakatA ke sAtha heyopAdeya artha meM pravartakatA ko bhI jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke sAtha sambaddha kiyA hai| 47. bAhye'rthe prameye viSayAdhigama: pramANaphalam, sArUpyaM tu pramANam / svasaMvittAvapi satyAM yathAkAramasya prathanAt / jJAnAtmani tu prameye svasaMvittiH phalam, yogyatA pramANam / - tattvasaMgrahapajjikA, 1343, pR. 487 / 48. tatrApyanubhavAtmatvAt te yogyA: svAtmasaMvidaH / iti sA yogyatA mAnamAtmA meyaH phalaM svavit / - pramANavArtika, 2.366 49. draSTavya, adhyAya 6, pR. 364-366 evaM 368-382 50. draSTavya, tRtIya adhyAya meM jainadArzanikoM dvArA kiyA gayA bauddhapratyakSa kA khaNDana, pR. 143-204

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pramANa- lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda jainAgamoM meM jJAna kA jo nirUpaNa hai use hI jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai / nandIsUtra, bhagavatIsUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi AgamoM meM jJAna kA vizada evaM vistRta vivecana hai| jainAgamoM meM nirUpita jJAna hI jaina pramANamImAMsA kA aMga banA / samyagjJAna ko jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa tathA mithyAjJAna ko apramANa yA pramANAbhAsa khaa| jainAgamoM meM samyaktva yA samyagdarzana pUrvaka hone vAle jJAna ko samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai tathA mithyAtva yA mithyAdarzana pUrvaka hone vAle jJAna ko mithyAjJAna kahA gayA hai,51 kintu pramANamImAMsA ke kSetra meM jaina dArzanikoM ne saMzaya, viparyaya, evaM anadhyavasAya se rahita nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko samyagjJAna kahA hai tathA inase yukta anizcayAtmaka athavA visaMvAdaka jJAna ko mithyAjJAna yA apramANa kahA hai / Agama evaM pramANamImAMsA ke samyagjJAna yahI maulika bheda hai ki Agama ke anusAra mohakarma kI sAta prakRtiyoM (anantAnubandhI-catuSka tathA samyaktvamoha, mithyAtvamoha evaM mizra moha) ke kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama se prakaTa hone vAle samyaktva se yukta jJAna ko samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai, jabaki pramANamImAMsA meM saMzayAdi samAropa se rahita jJAna samyagjJAna hai / 'pramANa' zabda kA prayoga jainAgama sthAnAMga evaM anuyogadvArasUtra meM mApana ke artha meM bhI huA hai, tathA usake cAra bheda nirUpita kiye gaye haiM-dravyapramANa, kSetrapramANa, kAlapramANa evaM bhAvapramANa 2 14 anuyogadvAra evaM bhagavatIsUtra meM nyAyadarzana sammata pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna evaM Agama ina cAra pramANoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 53 sthAnAMgasUtra meM inhIM cAra pramANoM ko 'hetu' zabda se bhI kahA gayA hai / 54 bauddha graMtha upAyahRdaya meM bhI pramANa ke lie 'hetu' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 44 uttarakAla meM hetu zabda kA prayoga anumAna -pramANa ke antargata huA hai, kintu prAcIna sAhitya meM sabhI pramANoM ke liye prayukta hetu zabda usake artha kI vyApakatA ko dyotita karatA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM pramANa kA 'vyavasAya' zabda se bhI ullekha huA hai, tathA usake pratyakSa, prAtyayika aura anugAmI ye tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| abhayadeva ke anusAra prAtyayika zabda se Agama evaM anugAmI zabda se anumAna pramANa kA bodha hotA hai / 7 saMbhava hai sthAnAMgasUtra meM prayukta vyavasAya zabda hI jainadArzanikoM dvArA nirUpita pramANa kA pramukha lakSaNa banA ho / 56 77 jJAna kI pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThA sarvaprathama jainadArzanika umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra meM dikhAI detI hai| unhoMne mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryava evaM kevala ina pAMca jJAnoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke anantara unheM pratyakSa evaM parokSa pramANa-bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama do jJAnoM ko parokSa tathA antima tIna 51. tattvArthavArtika, 1. 31 pR. 92, nandI sUtra, 46 52. draSTavya, adhyAya 1, pAdaTippaNa, 135 53. draSTavya, adhyAya 1, pAdaTippaNa, 130 54. sthAnAMgasUtra, 430, suttAgame, pR. 247 55. caturvidhaM pramANam / pratyakSamanumAnamupamAnamAgamazceti / evaM catvAro hetavaH / - upAyahRdaya, pU. 13-14, 56. draSTavya, adhyAya 1, pAdaTippaNa, 132 57. Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 138

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78 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadaSTi se samIkSA jJAnoM ko pratyakSa-pramANa kahA hai|58 umAsvAti ke atirikta anuzAgadvAra sUtra meM bhI bhAva-pramANa ke antargata jJAnaguNa kA pratipAdana karate hue jJAna guNa ke pratyakSa,anumAna,aupamya evaM Agama ye cAra bheda karake unheM pramANa kahA gayA hai tathApi jainadRSTi ke anusAra jJAna kA pramANa rUpa meM vyavasthApana karane kA zreya umAsvAti ko diyA jA sakatA hai,kyoMki unhoMne nyAyasammata pratyakSAdi pramANoM ko sthAna na dekara matijJAnAdi jainasammata jJAnoM ko pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| __bhAratIyadarzana meM sAmAnyataH pramA ke karaNa ko pramANa kahA gayA hai|60 jaina dArzanikoM ne samyagjJAna ko hI arthAdhigati kA sAdhakatama yA pramiti kA karaNa mAnakara use pramANa kahA hai|61 samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA meM tattvajJAna ko pramANa evaM vidyAnanda ne pramANaparIkSA meM samyagjJAna ko pramANa52 isI Azaya se pratipAdita kiyA hai / samyagjJAna kA artha vidyAnanda ne sva evaM artha kA vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kiyA hai / jo jJAna sva evaM artha kA vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA vaha vidyAnanda ke mata meM samyagjJAna nahIM hai, isalie ve saMzaya,viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya ko samyagjJAna nahIM mAnate haiN|64 tattvajJAna ko bhI vidyAnanda se saMzayAdi mithyAjJAnoM se rahita batalAyA hai|65 prabhAcandra evaM hemacandra ne bhI pramANa ko saMzaya,viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya se rahita nirUpita karate hue use pramiti kA karaNa kahA hai|66 jaina darzana meM jJAna ko sva evaM para padArtha kA prakAzaka mAnA gayA hai / jisa prakAra dIpaka yA sUrya bAhya padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai tathA svayaM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai usI prakAra jJAna bAhya padArthoM kA prakAzaka hone ke sAtha apane ApakA bhI prakAzaka hotA hai|67 jJAna kI sva prakAzakatA vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM ne bhI aMgIkAra kI hai , kintu ve jJAna ko bAhyArtha kA prakAzaka nahIM mAnate haiM |naiyaayikoN evaM mImAMsakoM ne jJAna ko bAhyArtha kA prakAzaka mAnA hai ,kintu svayaM kA prakAzaka nahIM mAnA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne ina donoM matoM kA nirasana kara jJAna kI sva-para prakAzakatA siddha kI hai|68 58. matizrutAvadhimanaHparyAyakevalAni jJAnam / tat pramANe / Adye parokSam / pratyakSamanyat |-tttvaarthsuutr , 1.9-12 / 59. anuyogadvArasUtra, uttarArddha, bhAva evaM jIvaguNa pramANadvAra, pR. 164-169 / 60.pramAkaraNa pramANam |-keshvmitr, tarkabhASA, prmaannniruupnn| 61.(1) tato 'sya sAdhakatamatvaM yathoktamupapadyata eva |-assttshsrii, pR. 276.8 (2) pramiNoti pramIyate'nena pramitimAtra vA pramANam |-srvaarthsiddhi, 1.10 pR.69 / 62. tattvajJAnaM prmaannm|-aaptmiimaaNsaa,, 101 63. samyagjJAnaM prmaannm|-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.1 64. svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM samyagjJAnam / yattu na svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM tatra samyagjJAnam , yathA sNshyvipryyaandhyvsaayaaH| -pramANaparIkSA, pra.5 / 65. tattvajJAnaM pramANamiti hi nigadyamAne mithyAjJAnaM saMzayAdi matyAdyAbhAsaM vyavacchidyate / - aSTasahasrI, pR. 276.7 / 66.prakaNasaMzayAdivyavacchedena mIyate paricchidyate vastutattvaM yena tatpramANaM pramAyAM sAdhakatamam |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 1.1.1 kI vRtti evaM nyAyakumudacandra,bhAga-1,pR.48.10 67. jJAnasya dharmo'yaM tAvat svaparaprakAzakatvaM pradIpavat |-niymsaar, tAtparyavRtti, 159, pR. 319 / 68. yatpuna : svaparaprakAzAtmakaM na bhavati na tad jJAnam |-prmeykmlmaartnndd, bhAga-1, pR. 364 /

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda jaina dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki jJAna svaprakAzaka hue binA para prakAzaka nahIM ho sakatA tathA para prakAzaka hone ke sAtha usakA svaprakAzaka honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki samasta jaina dArzanika pramANa ko sva evaM bAhya artha donoM kA nizcAyaka jJAna mAnate haiN|69 samantabhadra ne svayambhUstotra meM sva evaM parake avabhAsaka yA prakAzaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai / siddhasena nyAyAvatAra meM svaparAbhAsI evaM bAdhavivarjita jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| siddhasena ke vArtikakAra zAntisUri ne AbhAsI zabda kA artha vyavasAyaka yA nizcAyaka kiyA hai / 72 isa prakAra siddhasena ke mata meM sva evaM bAhya artha kA nizcAyaka tathA bAdhArahita jJAna pramANa hai| siddhasena ke pramANalakSaNa meM bAdhavivarjita pada mImAMsakoM ke prasiddha pramANalakSaNa se sAmya rakhatA hai / 73 ___ akalaGka ke eka pramANalakSaNa para bauddhoM kA prabhAva hai / akalaGkane aSTazatI meM pramANalakSaNa kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki anadhigata artha kA jJAna karAne ke kAraNa avisaMvAdaka jJAna pramANa hai|" bauddha dArzanikoM ne ina donoM pramANalakSaNoM kA pRthak pRthak nirdeza kiyA hai kintu akalaGka ne una donoM kA samanvaya karake avisaMvAdakatA ko pramANa kA mukhya lakSaNa banAyA hai tathA anadhigatagrAhitA ko usakA hetu pratipAdita kiyA hai| anadhigataviSaya ke grAhaka jJAna ko pramANa kI vizeSatA mAnanA akalaGkake maulika cintana kA pariNAma nahIM ,apitu tatkAlIna bauddha dArzanikadhArA kA prabhAva hai / tattvArthavArtika meM svayaM akalaGkane pramANa ko anadhigata mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA hai|76 kSaNikavAdI evaM pramANaviplavavAdI bauddhoM kI tattvamImAMsA va pramANamImAMsA meM anadhigata artha ke grAhaka jJAna kA pramANa honA upayukta ho sakatA hai ,kintu nityAnityavAdI evaM pramANasaMplavavAdI jaina dArzanikoM ke mata meM nhiiN| jainanyAya ke pratiSThApaka akalaGka dvArA anadhigatamAhI jJAna ko pramANalakSaNa meM sthAna dene kA pariNAma yaha huA ki vidyAnandako chor3akara anya digambarajaina dArzanika pramANalakSaNa meM apUrva, anadhigata Adi zabdoM kA grahaNa karate rahe / mANikyanandI para isakA spaSTa prabhAva hai / ve sva evaM apUrva artha ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| prabhAcandra ne pramANa 69. (1) yathA ghaTAdInAM prakAzane pradIpo hetuHsvasvarUpaprakAzane'pi sa eva, na prakAzAntaraM mRgyaM tathA pramANamapIti avazya caitadabhyupagantavyam / sarvArthasiddhi, 1.10 pR.69 / (2) ko vA tatpratibhAsinamarthamadhyakSamicchaMstadeva tathA necchet / pradIpavat / parIkSAmukha, 1.11-12 (3) kaH khalu jJAnasyAlambanaM bAhyaM pratibhAtamabhimanyamAnastadapi tatprakArakaM nAbhimanyeta ? mihirAlokavat / -pramANanayatattvAloka , 1.17 / 70. svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam |-svymbhuustotr, 63 / 71. pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam |-nyaayaavtaar, 1 72. avabhAso vyavasAyo na tu grahaNamAtrakam |-nyaayaavtaarvaartik, 3 73. tulanIya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 21 evaM 71 / 74. pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / aSTazatI, aSTasahastrI, pR0 175 / 75. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 7 evaM 24 / 76. draSTavya, Age isI adhyAya meM bauddhoM ke prathama pramANalakSaNa kA khaNDana , pR.82 77. svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / - parIkSAmukha,1.1

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA meM apUrvArtha kI grAhitA ko kathaJcit svIkAra kiyA hai| ve pramANa ko sarvathA artha kA grAhI nahIM mAnate haiN| prabhAcandra ke anusAra sarvathA apUrva yA anadhigata artha ke grAhI jJAna meM saMvAdakatA siddha nahIM hotI / isalie pramANa kathaJcit viziSTa pramA kA janaka hokara apUrva artha kA grAhI ho sakatA hai, kintu sarvathA apUrva artha kA grAhI nahIM / vidyAnanda ne apUrva yA anadhigata vizeSaNoM ko vyartha batalAkara sva evaM artha ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai / 9 akalaGka ne bhI laghIyastraya meM anadhigata yA apUrva pada kA prayoga kiye binA AtmA evaM artha ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa kA mukhyalakSaNa pratipAdita kiyA hai| jainadarzana meM yahI pramANa-lakSaNa sarvAdhika pratiSThita huaa| pramANa kA yaha lakSaNa zvetAmbaradArzanikoM kI mAnyatA ke bhI anurUpa hai| zvetAmbara jaina dArzanika smRti Adi ke samAna dhArAvAhika jJAna ko bhI pramANa mAnate haiN| isalie unake mata meM gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI pramANa hai / pramANa ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha sva evaM artha kA nirNAyaka ho / jo jJAna svayaM kA evaM artha kA samyaka nirNAyaka hotA hai, vaha samasta zvetAmbara dArzanikoM ko pramANa rUpa meM abhISTa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki abhayadevasUri, vAdidevasUri Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne sva evaM artha kI nirNIti rUpa svabhAva jJAna ko 2 athavA sva evaM para ke vyavasAyI jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne saMzayAdi apramANabhUta jJAna ko bhI svaprakAzaka mAnakara sva zabda kA pramANalakSaNa meM upAdAna nahIM kiyA hai tathA artha ke samyaka nirNaya ko pramANa kahA hai|" nirNaya zabda ke dvArA hemacandra ne arthajJAna meM saMzaya, anadhyavasAya evaM nirvikalpaka jJAna kA tathA 'samyaka' ke dvArA viparyaya kA nirAkaraNa kara diyA hai|85 hemacandra ne grahISyamANa ke samAna gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko bhI pramANa pratipAdita kara usake anadhigatagrAhitva vizeSaNa kA nirasana kiyA hai|86 laghIyaskhAya meM akalaGka ne avisaMvAdaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| bauddha dArzanika arthakriyAsthiti yukta athavA yathopadarzita artha ke prApaka jJAna ko saMvAdaka kahate haiM , kintu akalaGka ne avisaMvAdaka zabda kI vyAkhyA bauddhoM se bhinna prastuta kI hai| eka sthala para ve pramANAntaroM se 78. draSTavya, Age isI adhyAya meM bauddhoM ke prathama pramANa-lakSaNa kA prabhAcandrakRta khaNDana , pa. 85 79. tatsvArthavyavasAyAtmajJAnaM mAnamitIyatA / __ lakSaNena gatArthatvAd vyarthamanyad vizeSaNam ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.10.77 80. vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnamAtmArthagrAhakaM matam / __ grahaNaM nirNayastena mukhyaM prAmANyamaznute ||-lghiiystry,60 / 81. draSTavya, isI adhyAya meM bauddhoM ke prathama pramANalakSaNa ke khaNDana ke anantara dhArAvAhika jJAna kI carcA, pR. 88-89 82. pramANaM svArthanirNItisvabhAvajJAnamiti |-ttvbodhvidhaayinii, pR0518 / 83. svaparavyavasAyi jJAnaM prmaannm|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 1.2 84. samyagarthanirNayaHpramANam / svanirNayaH sanapyalakSaNama, apramANe'pi bhAvAt |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa,1.1.2-3 85. tatra nirNayaHsaMzayAnadhyavasAyAvikalpakatvarahitaM jnyaanm|-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, vRtti 1.1.2 86. grahISyamANagrAhiNa iva gRhItagrAhiNo'pi nAprAmANyam |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 1.1.4 87. avisaMvAdakaM prmaannm|-lssiiystryvRtti, 22, akalaGkaanyatraya, pR08.10|

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pramANa - lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda 88 I abAdhita evaM pUrvApara virodha se rahita jJAna ko avisaMvAdaka kahate haiM " tathA anyatra avisaMvAdakatA ko nirNayAtmaka jJAna ke adhIna pratipAdita karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki jahAM jJAna meM nirNayAtmakatA hai, vahAM avisaMvAdakatA hai / nirNaya ke abhAva meM avisaMvAdakatA kA bhI abhAva hai / 89 akalaGka ke anusAra akiJcitkara, saMzaya evaM viparyaya kA vyavaccheda hone para hI jJAna meM nirNayAtmakatA zakya hai, anyathA nahIM / " akalaGka dvArA nizcayAtmakatA ke sAtha avisaMvAdakatA kA sthApana uttaravartI jainadArzanikoM dvArA bhI anukaraNIya rahA hai| saMvAdakatA evaM asaMvAdakatA ke prasaMga meM akalaGka kisI jJAna ko pUrNataH saMvAdaka athavA pUrNataH visaMvAdaka nahIM mAnate haiN| unake anusAra jisa jJAna meM jitane aMza meM saMvAdakatA hotI hai, vaha jJAna utane aMza meM pramANa hai / timiraroga se grasta puruSa ko jo dvicandra jJAna hotA hai, usameM candrajJAna avisaMvAdaka hone se pramANa hai tathA dvitvasaMkhyA kA jJAna visaMvAdaka hone se apramANa hai / 91 jainadArzanikoM ke pramANalakSaNa meM savikalpa zabda kA sIdhA prayoga nahIM huA hai, kintu ve pratyeka pramANa ko savikalpaka mAnate haiN| jJAna savikalpa hotA hai tathA usameM nizcayAtmakatA savikalpakatA ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddha sammata nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA khaNDana karate samaya pramANa kI savikalpakatA kA sabala sthApana kiyA hai 192 pramANa ke savikalpAtmaka evaM nizcayAtmaka hone ke sAtha ve use upAdeya artha kI prApti evaM heya artha ke tyAga meM bhI kAraNa svIkAra karate haiM / 93 mANikyanandI evaM vAdidevasUri ne hita kI prApti evaM ahita ke tyAga meM samartha hone ke kAraNa pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka pratipAdita kiyA hai / 94 81 saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainadarzana meM sva evaM bAhya artha kA vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna hI pramANa hai / vaha jJAnAtmaka hone ke kAraNa indriya evaM indriyArthasannikarSa rUpa nahIM hotA / vyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa vaha nirvikalpaka yA kalpanApoDha nahIM hotA evaM saMzayAdi samAropa se rahita hotA hai / vyavasAyAtmakatA athavA nizcayAtmakatA ke kAraNa vaha saMvAdaka evaM heyopAdeya artha meM pravartaka bhI hotA hai| usake lie Avazyaka nahIM ki vaha anadhigata artha kA hI grAhI ho, gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI 88. pramANAntarAbAdhanaM pUrvAparA' virodhazcAvisaMvAdaH / - laghIyastrayavRtti, akalaGkamanyatraya, pR0 14.21 89. avisaMvAdakatvaM ca nirNayAyattam / tadabhAve' bhAvAt tadbhAve ca bhAvAt // - laghIyastrayavRtti 60, 90. akiJcitkarasaMzayaviparyayavacchedena nirNayAtmakatvaM nAnyathA / - siddhivinizcayavRtti, bhAga 1, pR0 13 / 91. yayathaivAvisaMvAdi pramANaM tattathA matam / timirAdyupaplavajJAnaM candrAdAvavisaMvAdakaM pramANaM yathA tatsaMkhyAdau visaMvAdakatvAdapramANaM pramANetaravyavasthAyAH tallakSaNatvAt / - laghIyastraya evaM vRtti, 22 92. draSTavya, tRtIya adhyAya meM bauddha pratyakSa kA khaNDana, pR. 143 204 93. hitAhitArtha saMprAptityAgayoryanibandhanam / tat pramANaM pravakSyAmi siddhasenArkasUtritam // - nyAyAvatAravArtika, 1 94. (1) hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamartha hi pramANaM tato jJAnameva tat / - parIkSAmukha, 1.2 (2) abhimatAnabhimatavastusvIkAratiraskArakSamaM hi pramANam, ato jJAnamevedam / pramANanayatattvAloka, 1.3

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jainamata meM pramANa hai| jainadArzanikoM dvArA bauddha pramANa-lakSaNoM kA parIkSaNa jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA nirUpita ajJAtArthajJApaka, avisaMvAdI jJAna evaM arthasArUpya ina tInoM pramANalakSaNoM para vicAra kiyA hai / ajJAtArthApaka lakSaNa ko lekara akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda ne bauddhoM kA paryApta khaNDana kiyA hai| anya jaina dArzanikoM ne pramukha rUpa se mImAMsakoM ko lakSya banAkara khaNDana kiyA hai ,kintu parokSa rUpa se vaha khaNDana lakSaNa sAmya ke kAraNa bauddhoM para bhI lAga hotA hai| avisaMvAdI jJAna ko pramANa mAnane kA jaina dArzanikoM ne pratiSedha nahIM kiyA hai. kintu use nizcayAtmaka jJAna meM ghaTita kiyA hai| bauddhoM dvArA kalpita pramANoM meM unhoMne bauddha tattvamImAMsA ke AdhAra para avisaMvAditA kA khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai| arthasArUpya ko pramANa mAnane kA sabhI jaina dArzanika prabala virodha karate haiN| prathama lakSaNa kA parIkSaNa _pramANa ke ajJAtArthajJApakatva athavA anadhigatArthagantRtva svarUpa kA nirasana pramukha rUpa se jaina dArzanika akalaGka, vidyAnanda, siddharSigaNi, prabhAcandra evaM hemacandra ke nyAya graMthoM meM milatA hai| akalaGka- bhaTTa akalaGka ne yadyapi anadhigatArthagrAhitva ko pramANa- lakSaNa meM sthAna diyA hai,5 tathApi ve ise kathaJcit hI pramANasvarUpa kA aMga mAnate haiM, isIlie tattvArtharAjavArtika meM unhoMne diinAga ke apUrvAdhigama yA ajJAtArthajJApaka pramANalakSaNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai / unhoMne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra andhakAra meM sthita ghaTAdi padArthoM ko dIpaka apane utpattikAla meM prakAzita kara detA hai, tathApi anantara kAla meM bhI vaha una padArthoM ko prakAzita karate rahane ke kAraNa unakA prakAzaka kahalAtA hai / usI prakAra jJAna bhI apane utpattikAla meM ghaTAdi padArthoM kA avabhAsaka hone se pramANa kahalAtA hai / tathApi vaha uttarakAla meM bhI una ghaTAdi padArthoM kA avabhAsaka banA rahakara pramANa vyapadeza ko chor3a nahIM detaa| arthAt vaha jJAna anantara kSaNoM meM bhI una ghaTAdi padArthoM kA avabhAsaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa banA rahatA hai|96 ___ yadi bauddhamata ke anusAra dIpaka pratikSaNa anya hI hotA hai tathA vaha pratikSaNa apUrva ghaTAdi ko prakAzita karatA hai,to usI prakAra jJAna bhI dIpaka kI bhAMti pratikSaNa navIna utpanna ho rahA hai,vaha bhI pratikSaNa apUrva ghaTAdi ko jAna sakatA hai / jaba jJAna evaM artha donoM apUrva haiM to bauddhoM kA yaha kathana ki smRti, icchA, dveSAdi ke samAna pUrvAdhigata viSaya vAlA jJAna punaH punaH abhidhAna karane ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM hai,(draSTavya,pAdaTippaNa 8 va 9) khaNDita ho jAtA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki jJAna bhI anya ghaTAdi padArthoM ke sadRza sadaiva apUrva hI banA rahatA hai ataH bauddhoM ke dvArA pramANa-lakSaNa meM apUrva, 95. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya. pAdaTippaNa 74 96. tattvArthavArtika, 1.12.12

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda anadhigata athavA ajJAta pada ke prayoga kA koI aucitya nahIM hai|97 vidyAnanda-vidyAnanda ne tattvArthazlokavArtika meM bauddha sammata ajJAtArthaprakAza rUpa pramANalakSaNa kA khaNDana kara gRhItArthagrAhI athavA adhigatArthajJApaka jJAna ko bhI pramANa siddha kiyA hai / vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki anumAna-pramANa gRhItagrAhI hotA hai, ataH vaha ajJAtArthaprakAza rUpa pramANalakSaNa ke anusAra pramANa siddha nahIM hotA hai / yadi pratyakSa dvArA kSaNikatvAdi vastu ke gRhIta hone para bhI usameM rahe hue saMzayAdi samAropa kA vyavaccheda karane ke kAraNa anumAna kA prAmANya hai,to yaha bauddha maMtavya ucita nahIM hai ,kyoMki isa prakAra jaina sammata smRti,pratyabhijJAna Adi ko bhI pramANa mAnanA hogA, kyoMki ve bhI kathaJcit samAropa ke vyavacchedaka haiM / phira smRti Adi ko pramANa mAnane para bauddhoM kI do pramANoM kI mAnyatA bhI bhaMga ho jAtI hai| yadi pratyakSa ko mukhya pramANa mAnakara usake lie ajJAtArthaprakAza lakSaNa evaM anumAna ko vyAvahArika pramANa mAnakara usake lie avisaMvAdI jJAna rUpa lakSaNa diyA gayA hai to isa prakAra eka hI pramANasAmAnya ke lie do lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa buddhimattA nahIM hai|98 bauddha pramANa-lakSaNa ke prasaMga meM vidyAnanda ne mImAMsakoM ke apUrvArthasAhitva pramANa-lakSaNa kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai,tathA yaha siddha kiyA hai ki jJAna gRhItagrAhI ho athavA agRhItagrAhI,yadi vaha sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka hai to pramANa hai / sva evaM artha ke nizcAyaka jJAna kI pramANatA loka vyavahAra meM evaM zAstroM meM bhI surakSita hai| vidyAnanda ne pramANa kA lakSaNa nirdhArita karate hue sva evaM artha ke nizcAyaka jJAna ko hI pramANa kahA hai| isake atirikta prayukta apUrva, anadhigata Adi vizeSaNoM ko unhoMne vyartha batalAyA hai / 100 siddharSigaNi-siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra para vivRti kI racanA karate hue siddharSigaNi ne anadhigatArthadhiganta pramANa-lakSaNa para tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| ve paramatAvalambiyoM se prazna karate haiM ki anadhigata artha ke adhigama kA kyA tAtparya hai ? yadi pramANAntarayA jJAnAntara se anadhigata artha ko jAnanA pramANa hai to vaha jJAnAntara dUsare kA hai yA apanA hai ? yadi dUsare ke jJAna ke dvArA jJAta artha bhI adhigata artha hai ,to yaha mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki sarvajJa ke dvArA samasta arthoM kA jJAna kara liye jAne ke kAraNa koI bhI artha ajJAta nahIM rahatA hai / phalasvarUpa samasta prAkRtajanoM kA jJAna adhigata artha kA adhigantA hone ke kAraNa apramANa ho jAyegA / yadi apane jJAnAntara kI apekSA 97. tattvArthavArtika, 1.12.12 98. draSTavya, pariziSTa-ka 99. gRhItamagRhItaM vA svArthaM yadi vyavasyati / tatra loke na zAstreSu vijahAti pramANatAm ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.10.78 / / 100. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAda TippaNa,79 /

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA se ajJAta artha ko jAnanA pramANa hai to vaha adhigamya artha kaisA hai ? usakA kyA svarUpa hai ? siddharSigaNi artha-svarUpa ke ATha pakSa prastAvita karate haiM ,yathA- (1) vaha artha dravya hai (2) paryAya hai (3) dravya viziSTa paryAya hai (4) paryAyaviziSTa dravya hai (5) sAmAnya hai (6) vizeSa hai (7) sAmAnya viziSTa vizeSa hai (8)vizeSaviziSTa sAmAnya hai / isa prakAra artha ke ATha svarUpoM kI saMbhAvanA karake siddharSigaNi unake pratyeka svarUpa meM anadhigatatva ko anupapanna siddha karate haiN| prathama pakSa ke anusAra dravya ko artha kA svarUpa mAnA jAtA hai to vaha nitya evaM eka hotA hai ataH usameM anadhigata aMza kA abhAva rahatA hai / yadi dvitIya vikalpa ke anusAra paryAya hI artha hai to vaha pratikSaNa navIna utpanna hone ke kAraNa anadhigata hI rahatA hai, ataH usake lie anadhigata vizeSaNa kA prayoga anarthaka hai / yadi artha ko dravyaviziSTa paryAya mAnA jAya to isakA samakAla meM jJAna nahIM ho sakatA tathA paraspara meM adhigata kA jJAna kiyA jAya to aprAmANya kI prasakti hotI hai| yadi kAlAntarabhAvI jJAna se dravyaviziSTa paryAya rUpa artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAya to anya hI paryAya kA jJAna hogA,vartamAna kSaNavartI dravyaviziSTa paryAya kA nahIM ,ataH isa vikalpa meM bhI anadhigata vizeSaNa heya hai / isI prakAra paryAyaviziSTa dravya ko artha mAnane meM bhI uparyukta doSa Ate haiN| yadi paJcama vikalpa ke anusAra adhigamya artha, sAmAnya' hai to usake eka hone ke kAraNa prathamajJAna meM hI sakala artha kA jJAna ho jAyegA / ataH usakA uttarakAlIna jJAna adhigata artha kA hI jJAna karAne se apramANa siddha hogA / yadi vizeSa rUpa artha hai to vaha nitya hai yA anitya ? yadi nitya hai to prathama jJAna se samasta vizeSoM kA jJAna ho jAyegA tathA yadi vaha anitya hai to usameM bhI paryAya ke samAna sadaiva anadhigata rahane kA doSa AtA hai| yadi sAmAnya se viziSTa vizeSa hai, to usakI viziSTatA tAdAtmya rUpa hai yA sannidhirUpa hai ? yadi viziSTatA tAdAtmyarUpa hai to prathama jJAna meM hI sAmAnya kI bhAMti sampUrNa artha kA jJAna ho jAyegA, tathA yadi viziSTatA sannidhi rUpa hai to sAmAnya evaM viziSTa do bhinna pakSa ho jAte haiM ataHuna donoM ke doSoM kA ApAdana hogA / vizeSaviziSTa sAmAnya bhI isI prakAra anadhigata vizeSaNa kI apekSA nahIM karatA / 01 isa prakAra siddharSigaNi anadhigatArthAdhigantRtva' pramANa-lakSaNa ko anupapanna siddha karate haiN| unake dvArA kiyA gayA khaNDana jaina tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi para AdhArita hai| unhoMne artha ke svarUpa ko lekara hI anadhigata vizeSaNa ko anucita ThaharAyA hai| jo saMbhavataH mImAMsakoM evaM pramANa ko apUrvArthagrAhI mAnane vAle akalaGka,mANikyanandI Adi jaina dArzanikoM ke mata kA nirasana karatA hai| bauddhamata kA khaNDana bhI parokSarUpa se ho gayA hai ,kyoMki unake yahAM jo svalakSaNa artha svIkRta hai vaha pratikSaNa nayA utpanna hone ke kAraNa anadhigata hI banA rahatA hai / artha ke pratikSaNa anadhigata 101. draSTavya, pariziSTa-ka

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pramANa - lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda bane rahane se pramANalakSaNa meM anadhigata pada kA samAveza siddharSigaNa ke anusAra vyartha hai / prabhAcandra - AcArya prabhAcandra ne kathaJcit anadhigata artha ke prAhI jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai, sarvathA apUrvArthagrAhitva kA unhoMne bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki yadi sarvathA anadhigata artha adhigantA jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA jAyegA to pramANa ke prAmANya kA nizcaya karanA bhI zakya nahIM ho sakegA, kyoMki prAmANya kA nizcaya saMvAda jJAna se hotA hai| saMvAda jJAna kA viSaya pUrvapramANa dvArA adhigata artha hI hotA hai, ataH adhigata artha kA adhigantA hone se saMvAdajJAna apramANa ho jAyegA / apramANabhUta saMvAdajJAna se prathama pramANa kA prAmANya vyavasthApita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isa prakAra lakSaNa meM anadhigata pada kA prayoga samucita nahIM hai / 102 85 prabhAcandra ne kathaJcit gRhItagrAhI jJAna kA bhI prAmANya aMgIkAra kiyA hai / isIlie ve pratyabhijJAna kA udAharaNa dekara usake prAmANya kI puSTi karate haiM, tathA sarvathA apUrva artha ke grAhaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnane vAle mImAMsakoM evaM bauddhoM kA khaNDana karate haiN| mImAMsakoM kA khaNDana karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki pratyabhijJAna anubhUta artha kA hI grAhaka hotA hai, tathA smRti evaM pratyakSa se pratipanna artha meM hI usakI pravRtti hotI hai| pratyabhijJAna ko yadi pramANa na mAnA jAya to zabda, AtmA Adi ke nityatva kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / 103 anadhigatamAhI jJAna ke pramANatva kA nirasana karate hue prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki yadi anadhi athavA apUrva artha ke grAhaka jJAna ko hI pramANa kahA jAya to dvicandrajJAna bhI pramANa ho jAyegA, kyoMki vaha bhI sarvathA anadhigata kA prAhI jJAna hai / 104 isa prakAra prabhAcandra ke mata meM pramANa kA sarvathA anadhigatArthagrAhI honA anupapanna hai / prabhAcandra pramANa ko kathaJcit viziSTa pramA kA janaka hone se apUrvArthagrAhI bhI mAnate haiM / eka bAra nizcita rUpa se jAne gaye jJAna ko punaH jAnane meM ve viziSTa pramA svIkAra karate haiM, prabhAcandra ke anusAra eka vastu ko punaH jAnane para usakI sukhAdi sAdhakatA vizeSa kI pratIti hotI hai| prathama bAra meM vastumAtra kA nizcaya hotA hai, phira yaha sukha kI sAdhaka hai athavA duHkha kI sAdhaka hai, yaha nizcaya karake usako grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai athavA chor3A jAtA hai| yadi bAra bAra nizcaya kiyA jAya to prA vastu kA grahaNa evaM tyAjyavastu kA tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kucha logoM ko abhyAsa ke kAraNa eka bAra dekhane se bhI vastu kI heyopAdeyatA kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| ataH prabhAcandra ke anusAra eka hI vastu ko jAnane vAle Agama, anumAna evaM pratyakSa pramANa meM kathaJcit vizeSa pratipatti hone se 102. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 1, pR0 169 103. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 1, pR0 171 104. kica, apUrvArthapratyayasya prAmANye dvicandrAdipratyayo'pi pramANaM syAt / - prameyakamalamArttaNDa, bhAga 1, pR0 173

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA prAmANya hai / pramANa ke lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki vaha sarvathA agRhIta artha kA grahaNa kare / 105 hemacandra-AcArya hemacandra ne pramANa ko anadhigatArthagrAhI mAnane kA sabala nirasana kiyA hai tathA gRhItArthagrAhI jJAna ke prAmANya kA jainadRSTi se prabala samarthana kiyA hai / unhoMne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra grahISyamANa yA adhigamya artha ke grAhI jJAna ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai usI prakAra gRhItArthagrAhI jJAna bhI pramANa hai|06 unakA sIdhA prazna hai-gRhItArthagrAhI jJAna ke prAmANya kA niSedha kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? dravya kI apekSA se yA paryAya kI apekSA se ? 107 paryAya kI apekSA se to dhArAvAhI jJAna meM bhI gRhItagrAhitA sambhava nahIM hai,kyoMki paryAya kSaNika hotI hai ataH pratikSaNa navIna utpanna hotI hai| pratikSaNa navIna paryAya kA jJAna hone se koI bhI jJAna gRhItagrAhI nahIM ho sktaa| ataH usakA nivAraNa karane ke lie apUrva yA anadhigata vizeSaNa kA prayoga vyartha hai| yadi dravya kI apekSA se gRhItagrAhitva kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai to vaha bhI anupayukta hai ,kyoMki dravya nitya hai ataH usakI gRhIta evaM grahISyamANa avasthAoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| isalie grahISyamANa ke grAhI jJAna ko pramANa mAnane evaM gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnane meM koI aucitya nahIM hai / 108 ____ AcArya hemacandra ne akalaGka, mANikyanandI Adi digambara jaina dArzanikoM ko lakSya karake kahA hai ki jisa prakAra avagraha, IhA Adi ke gRhItagrAhI hone para bhI unheM pramANa mAnA jAtA hai usI prakAra pratyeka gRhItagrAhI jJAna,jo samyagarthanirNAyaka ho,ko pramANa mAnanA caahie| avagraha Adi meM bhinna viSayatA nahIM hotI ,kyoMki darzana se jAne gaye kA avagraha hotA hai tathA avagRhIta kI IhA hotI hai aura Ihita kA nizcaya hotA hai / 101 isa prakAra hemacandra ke mata meM dravya evaM paryAya donoM apekSAoM se hI pramANa-lakSaNa meM anadhigatagrAhI athavA apUrvagrAhI vizeSaNa nirarthaka haiM / samIkSaNa jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kI gaI AlocanA se vidita hotA hai ki jainadarzana meM ajJAtArthajJApaka athavA anadhigatArthagantRtva pada kA pramANa-lakSaNa meM sanniveza honA abhISTa nahIM hai / yadyapi akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda ke atirikta anya jaina dArzanika bauddha pramANa -lakSaNa kA khaNDana karane ke lie sIdhe 105. (1) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 1, pR0 170 (2) abhayadevasUri ne bhI tattvabodhavidhAyinI meM pramANa ko viziSTa pramA kA janaka svIkAra kiyA hai, yathA-na cAdhigate vastuni kiM kurvad tat pramANatAmApnotIti vaktavyam viziSTapramAM vidadhatastasya pramANatApratipAdanAt / na ca pUrvotpatraiva pramA tena janyate, pramityantarotpAdakatvena prmaanntvaat| -tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pa0466 106. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 86 107. hemacandra ne siddharSigaNi kI bhAti hI jaina tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se yaha prazna kiyA hai| 108. pramANamImAMsA, svopajJavRtti , 1.1.4 109. pramANamImAMsA, svopajJavRtti , 1.1.4

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda pravRtta nahIM hue haiM,tathApi mImAMsAdarzana meM praNIta pramANa-lakSaNa para vicAra karate hue ve parokSa rUpa se bauddha mantavya kA bhI nirasana kara dete haiN| __ akalaGkAdi jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kiye gaye bauddha khaNDana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina darzana meM gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI pramANa hai / pramANa ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha sva evaM artha kA vyavasAyaka ho / anadhigata viSaya kA jJAna karAnA usake lie Avazyaka nahIM hai / smRti,pratyabhijJAna Adi ko pramANa svIkAra karanA isakA spaSTa nidarzana hai| vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki akalaGka, mANikyanandI Adi kucha jaina dArzanikoM ne apane pramANa lakSaNoM meM anadhigata athavA apUrva padoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai. isakA kyA aucitya hai ? isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki jaina paramparA meM "anadhigata" zabda kA pramANa-lakSaNa meM prayoga sarvaprathama akalaGka dvArA kiyA gaya hai,tathA mANikyanandI dvArA apUrva pada kA prayoga akalaGkakA anusaraNa hai / prazna yaha hai ki akalaGka ne eka ora bauddhoM ke apUrvAdhigama rUpa pramANa-lakSaNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai to dUsarI ora unhoMne pramANa ko anadhigatArthagrAhI hone ke kAraNa avisaMvAdaka mAnA hai, aisA kyoM? isake uttara meM pratIta hotA hai ki akalaGka ke dvArA aSTazatI meM pramANa ko anadhigatArthagrAhI mAnanA bauddha pramANamImAMsA kA prabhAva hai tathA tattvArthavArtika meM bauddhoM kA khaNDana unakI jaina pramANamImAMsIya dRSTi ko prastuta karatA hai| mANikyanandI dvArA apUrva pada kA sanniveza akalaGka dvArA aSTazatI meM prayukta anadhigata' pada ke prabhAva ko hI dyotita karatA hai / vidyAnanda eka aise digambara jaina dArzanika hue haiM jinhoMne akalaGkakRta anadhigata zabda ke prayoga kA 'vyarthamanyadvizeSaNaM' kahakara nirAkaraNa kara diyA hai / vidyAnanda ke anusAra sva evaM artha kA vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna pramANa hai / vaha gRhItagrAhI ho yA agRhItagrAhI ho ,isase u.ke pramANa hone meM koI antara nahIM AtA / prabhAcandra ne bhI gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai , kintu ve pramANa ko viziSTa pramA kA janaka hone ke kAraNa kathaJcit apUrvArthagrAhI bhI siddha karate haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki prabhAcandra ne mImAMsA- lakSaNa meM prayukta apUrvArthavijJAna 10 ko sarvathA apUrvArtha kA grAhI mAnakara khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki akalaGka evaM unakI paramparA ke digambara jaina dArzanika gRhItagrAhI jJAna ke prAmANya kA pratiSedha nahIM karate haiM / unake anusAra gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI viziSTa pramA kA janaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa hai| ____ abhayadevasUri ne bhI pramANa ko viziSTa pramA kA janaka svIkAra kiyA hai ,kintu unake sahita hemacandra Adi sabhI zvetAmbara jaina dArzanika ekamata se gRhItagrAhI jJAna ko sva evaM artha kA prakAzaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa aMgIkAra karate haiM / hemacandra dvArA grahISyamANa artha kI bhAMti gRhItaartha ke grAhI jJAna ko pramANa siddha karanA zvetAmbara jaina paramparA kA mantavya spaSTa karatA hai / siddharSigaNi evaM hemacandra ke dvArA tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se pramANa- lakSaNa meM anadhigata pada ke AdAna kA khaNDana bhI vastutaH mahattvapUrNa hai| 110. tatrApUrvArthavijJAnaM nizcita baadhvrjitm| aduSTakAraNArabdhaM pramANaM lokasammatam // uddhRta, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 171 /

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jaina tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to artha dravya kI dRSTi se nitya evaM paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya hotA hai / nityAnityAtmaka artha kA jJAna kathaJcit gRhItagrAhI evaM kathaJcit agRhItagrAhI hotA hai / vaha na sarvathA gRhItagrAhI kahA jA sakatA hai aura na sarvathA agRhItagrAhI / smRti, pratyabhijJAna Adi pramANa bhI kathaJcit gRhItagrAhI hote haiM tathA kAlagata bheda ke kAraNa kathaJcit agRhItagrAhI hote haiM / isalie pramANa ko sarvathA apUrvArthamAhI kahanA zakya nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to pramANa - lakSaNa meM apUrva yA anadhigata pada kA prayoga jainadArzanika tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se upayukta nahIM hai / yadi isa pada kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to pramANa lakSaNa meM avyApti doSa prApta hotA hai, kyoMki pramANa kathaJcit gRhItArtha kA grAhI bhI hotA hai / 88 bauddha tattvamImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to usake anusAra pAramArthika svalakSaNa artha kSaNika hotA hai / vaha pratikSaNa niraMza rUpa se naSTa hotA rahatA hai tathA saMtAna ke rUpa meM navIna artha utpanna hotA rahatA hai, phalataH vaha pratikSaNa ajJAta hI banA rahatA hai, isalie pramANa - lakSaNa meM ajJAtArthajJApaka pada kA prayoga bauddha tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi ko spaSTa karane ke atirikta koI vaiziSTya nahIM rkhtaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yaha lakSaNa bauddhoM kI pAramArthika tattvamImAMsA para AdhRta hai, vyAvahArika dRSTi se to svalakSaNa artha kA grahaNa bAhyendriyoM se honA zakya nahIM hai| saMbhavataH isI aparyAptatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara dharmakIrti ne pramANa ke eka naye lakSaNa "pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam" kA uTaMkana kiyaa| yadi ajJAtArthajJApaka yA ajJAtArthaprakAzaka pramANa kA sampUrNa yA paryApta lakSaNa hotA to dharmakIrti dvArA nayA lakSaNa pradAna na kiyA jAtA / dharmakIrti dvArA naye lakSaNa kA uTTaMkana pUrvalakSaNa kI aparyAptatA jJApita karatA hai / dhArAvAhika jJAna ke prAmANya evaM aprAmANya viSayaka vicAra bhAratIya darzana meM dhArAvAhika jJAna (eka hI vastu ke lagAtAra jJAna) ke prAmANya evaM apramANya ke sambandha meM aneka vipratipattiyA~ rahI haiN| nyAya-vaizaSikoM ke anusAra adhigatArthagrAhI jJAna bhI pramANa hotA hai ataH unake mata meM spaSTataH dhArAvAhika jJAna pramANa hai / 111 mImAMsakoM ne pramANa lakSaNa adhigata pada kA prayoga kiyA hai tathApi ve dhArAvAhika jJAna kA prAmANya aMgIkara karate haiM / prabhAkara matAnuyAyI anubhUti mAtra ko pramANa mAnate haiM ataH ve dhArAvAhika jJAnoM ko paraspara nirapekSa mAnakara sabakA prAmANya aMgIkara karate haiM / 112 kumArila matAnuyAyI pramANa meM sUkSmakAla kA bheda karake anadhigata pada ke aucitya ko surakSita rakhate hue dhArAvAhika jJAna ke prAmANya ko svIkAra karate haiM / 113 111. anadhigatArthagantRtvaM ca dhArAvAhikavijJAnAnAmadhigatArthagocarANAM lokaprasiddhapramANabhAvAnAM prAmANyaM vihantIti nAdriyAmahe / - nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA, pR0 21 112. anyonyanirapekSAstu dhArAvAhikabuddhayaH / vyApriyamANe hi pUrvavijJAnakAraNakalApa uttareSAmapyutpattiriti na pratItita utpattito vA dhArAvAhikavijJAnAni parasparasyAtizerata iti yuktA sarveSAmapi pramANatA / - zAlikanAtha, prakaraNapaJcikA, uddhRta, pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa, pR0 12 113. dhArAvAhikeSvapyuttarottareSAM kAlAntarasambandhasyAgRhItasya grahaNAd yuktaM prAmANyam / - pArthasArathimizra, zAstradIpikA, pR0 124-26

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pramANa- lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda bauddha paramparA kI niraMza kSaNikavAdinI tattvamImAMsA meM dhArAvAhika jJAna kA prAmANya mAnya nahIM hai / isalie bauddhadArzanika pramANalakSaNa meM ajJAta athavA anadhigata vizeSaNa kA prayoga karate haiM / tathApi yogipratyakSa ke saMdarbha meM bauddha dArzanika arcaTa ne sUkSma kAla bheda kA jJAna mAnakara dhArAvAhika jJAna meM prAmANya jJApita kiyA hai aisA paNDita sukhalAla saMghavI kA mantavya hai / sAdhAraNa pramAtAoM ke dhArAvAhika jJAna ko arcaTa ne pramANakoTi meM nahIM liyA, kyoMki taba vaha sUkSmakAla bheda kA grAhaka nahIM hotA hai / 1 114 jaina dArzanikoM meM donoM paramparAeM haiN| akalaGka, mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra Adi 'apUrva' evaM 'anadhigata' kA prayoga karane vAle digambara dArzanika dhArAvAhika jJAna ko tabhI pramANa mAnate haiM jaba vaha jJAna viziSTa pramAjanaka ho / yadi vaha pUrvajJAna se viziSTa pramAjanaka nahIM hai to apramANa hai I pramANa- lakSaNa meM gRhIta anadhigata, apUrva Adi pada isake sAkSI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI vidvAn smRti kI bhAMti dhArAvAhika jJAna ko bhI pramANa mAnate haiN| pramANa- lakSaNa meM isIlie unhoMne apUrva, anadhigata Adi padoM kA sanniveza nahIM kiyaa| hemacandra ne to spaSTa rUpeNa pratipAdita kiyA hai ki gRhItagrAhI jJAna bhI grahISyamANa yA agRhIta ke prAhI jJAna ke samAna pramANa hai / ' 115 dvitIya lakSaNa kA parIkSaNa dharmakIrti praNIta "pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam" lakSaNa para jaina dArzanika akalaGka, vidyAnanda, siddharSigaNa, abhayadevasUri evaM hemacandra ne pramukha rUpa se vicAra kiyA hai / akalaGka - akalaGka kA dharmakIrti ke pramANa- lakSaNa se sthUlarUpeNa koI virodha nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki akalaGka ne apane nyAya graMthoM meM anekatra avisaMvAdaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| 116 yahI nahIM unhoMne aSTazatI meM bauddhoM ke prathama lakSaNa "anadhigata artha ke jJApaka jJAna" ko avisaMvAdakatA kA hetu mAnA hai,117 ataH isameM saMzaya nahIM ki akalaGka kA pramANalakSaNa bauddhoM kI pramANa mImAMsA se prabhAvita hai, kintu unake graMthoM kA sUkSmAvalokana karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve dharmakIrti ke pramANalakSaNa meM prayukta avisaMvAdaka zabda ke abhiprAya meM unase yA unakI paramparA se matabheda rakhate haiM / dharmakIrti arthakriyAsthiti ko avisaMvAdana kahate haiM tathA dharmottara pravRtti viSayaka arthapradarzakatA ko hI saMvAdakatA kahakara use nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM bhI ghaTita kara lete haiM jabaki akalaGka ke anusAra nizcayAtmaka jJAna hI saMvAdaka ho sakatA hai, nirvikalpaka pratyakSa nizcayAtmaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa 114. pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa, pR0 12 evaM hetubinduTIkA, pR0 37-38 115. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 86 89 116. (1) avisaMvAdakaM pramANam-laghIyastrayavRtti, 22, akalaGkagranthatraya, pR0 8 (2) pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / - aSTazatI, aSTasahastrI, pR0 175 (3) yadyathaivAvisaMvAdi pramANaM tattathA matam / - laghIyastraya, 22 (4) kvacidavisaMvAdasyAnyathAnupapatteH siddhaM prAmANyamiti / - laghIyastrayavRtti, pR0 10 117. draSTavya, uparyukta pAdaTippaNa, 116 (2)

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadaSTi se samIkSA saMvAdaka nahIM ho sakatA / ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra ajJAnI puruSa viSa ko dekhakara bhI usake hAni lAbha kA samyak nirNaya nahIM kara sakatA usI prakAra nirvikalpaka pratyakSa se hAna -upAdAna kA nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA tathA nirNayAtmaka jJAna ke binA koI jJAna avisaMvAdaka nahIM hotA / 118 isa prakAra dharmakIrti kI bhAMti akalaGkapramANa kI kasauTI arthasaMvAdakatA ko svIkAra karake 119 bhI saMvAdakatA ko nizcayAtmaka jJAna ke adhIna mAnate haiM / 12deg nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko ve saMzayA, viparyaya evaM akiJcitkara se rahita mAnate haiM121 tathA anizcayAtmaka jJAna ko apramANa mAnate haiN| akalaGkake anusAra nirNaya ke abhAva meM avisaMvAdakatA kA abhAva hotA hai tathA nirNaya ke sadbhAva meM avisaMvAdakatA kA sadbhAva rahatA hai| jo jJAna nirNayAtmaka hotA hai vahI vyavahAra meM pravartaka evaM saMvAdaka hotA hai| bauddhoM dvArA kalpita nirvikalpaka pratyakSa anizcayAtmaka hai isalie vaha saMvAdaka evaM vyavahAra meM pravartaka nahIM ho sakatA aura saMvAdakatA evaM vyavahAra meM pravartakatA ke abhAva meM use pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa|123 vidyAnanda -vidyAnanda ne bauddha pramANalakSaNa meM sthita avisaMvAdi pada kA sIdhA khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne yaha avazya pratipAdita kiyA hai ki pramANa kA lakSaNa aisA honA cAhie jisameM bAdhaka kA asaMbhava honA sunizcita ho|124 unakI dRSTi meM sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka jJAna hI pramANa hai tathA usakA koI nizcita rUpeNa bAdhaka nahIM hai / 125 yathAprasaMga vidyAnanda ne tattvopaplavavAdI ke mukha se dharmakIrti ke jIvasaMvAditva lakSaNa kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai, jisakA kucha aMza yahAM prastuta hai| ___ avisaMvAdI jJAna pramANa kA lakSaNa nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki pramANa kI arthakriyAsthiti rUpa avisaMvAdakatA jJAta hokara prAmANya kA vyavasthApana karatI hai athavA ajJAta rahakara ? svayaM ajJAta rahakara to vaha prAmANya kA vyavasthApana nahIM kara sakatI / yadi jJAta hokara prAmANya kA vyavasthApana karatI hai to jisa jJAna se jJAta hotI hai usake saMvAdakatva kA vyavasthApana kisase hotA hai ? yadi saMvAdakatva kA vyavasthApana anya saMvAdajJAna se hotA hai to anavasthA doSa AtA hai / yadi arthakriyAsthitilakSaNa yukta avisaMvAda jJAna kA prAmANya abhyAsa dazA meM svataH siddha hai to vaha abhyAsa kyA hai ? utpanna hone vAle jJAna meM punaH saMvAda kA anubhava honA abhyAsa hai to vaha 118. draSTavya, tatIya adhyAya meM akalakata bauddha mata kA khaNDana, pR.150 119. pramANamarthasaMvAdAt |-prmaannsNgrh, 10 120. avisaMvAdakatvaM ca nirNayAyattaM |-lghiiystryvRtti,60 121. akiJcitkarasaMzayaviparyayavyavacchedena nirNayAtmakatvaM nAnyathA |-siddhivinishcy vRtti , 1.3, pR0 13 122. tadabhAve'bhAvAt tadbhAve ca bhAvAt |-lghiiystryvRtti,60 123. draSTavya, tRtIya adhyAya meM akalaGka kRta bauddha pratyakSa kA khaNDana, pR.149-154 124. sanidhitAsambhavabAdhakatvena |-assttshstrii(jnyaa), bhAga-1.10216 125. svArthavyavasAyAtmakatvameva hi sunizcitAsambhavabAdhakatvam / - aSTasahasrI (jJA.), bhAga-1.10217

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda tajjAtIya jJAna meM hotA hai yA atajjAtIya jJAna meM hotA hai / kSaNikavAdiyoM ke mata meM to jJAna utpanna hote hI naSTa ho jAtA hai ataH usameM punaH punaH saMvAda kA anubhava honA azakya hai / yadi saMtAna kI apekSA se abhyAsa kA honA zakya hai to saMtAna avasturUpa hai / ataH usameM bhI abhyAsa kA honA anupapanna hai / yadi tajjAtIyajJAna meM punaH punaH saMvAda kA anubhava hotA hai to jAti kA nirAkaraNa karane vAle bauddhoM ke mata meM yaha saMbhava nahIM hai / 126 / / AcArya vidyAnanda ne pramANaparIkSA kRti meM yaha balavattararUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai ki vyavasAyAtmakatA ke abhAva meM jJAna avisaMvAdaka nahIM hotA / bauddha svasaMvedana, indriya,mAnasa evaM yogaja bheda se pratyakSa ke cAra prakAra mAnate haiM / vidyAnanda ke anusAra ye cAroM prakAra ke pratyakSa apramANa haiM ,kyoMki avyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa inameM avisaMvAdakatA nahIM hai / AcArya vidyAnanda ne dharmottara ke mata ko pUrvapakSa me upasthApita bhI kiyA hai, yathA _ 'samyagjJAna arthAt pramANa kI vyApti avisaMvAdakatA ke sAtha hai / avisaMvAdakatA ke abhAva meM samyagjJAna athavA pramANa kA abhAva rahatA hai| avisaMvAdakatA bhI arthaprApakatA se vyApta hai / jo jJAna arthaprApaka nahIM hotA vaha avisaMvAdI nahIM hotaa| arthaprApakatA bhI pravartakatva se vyApta hai| apravartaka jJAna arthaprApaka nahIM hotaa| pravartakatA bhI svaviSayopadarzakatA se vyApta hai / svaviSaya ke upadarzaka jJAna meM pravartaka kA vyavahAra siddha hotA hai / jJAna puruSa ke hAtha pakar3akara use pravRta nahIM karatA / apane viSaya kA upadarzaka hone se hI jJAna ko pravartaka kahA jAtA hai tathA jo jJAna pravartaka hotA hai vahI arthaprApaka hotA hai evaM jo jJAna arthaprApaka hotA hai vahI avisaMvAdaka hone se samyagjJAna hotA hai arthAt pramANa hotA hai / isase bhinna jJAna saMzayAdi jJAna ke samAna mithyA hotA hai / 127 dharmottara ke uparyukta mata kA vidyAnanda ne vistRta khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki svasaMvedana, indriya,mana evaM yogI ina cAra prakAra ke bauddha pratyakSa meM samyagjJAnatva yA pramANatva kA vyavasthApana nahIM ho sakatA ,kyoMki inameM svaviSayopadarzakatA siddha nahIM hai / ye apane viSaya ko pradarzita karane meM samartha nahIM haiM / inase nIlAdi viSayoM kA upadarzana yadi ho bhI jAya taba bhI usakI kSaNabhaMgatA kA upadarzana nahIM ho pAtA / vastutaH jo jJAna avyavasAyAtmaka hai vaha apane viSaya kA upadarzaka nahIM ho sakatA / jisa prakAra calate hue puruSa ko tinake kA sparza avyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai usI prakAra bauddhoM ko abhimata pratyakSa athavA darzana bhI avyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai / avyavasAyAtmaka hone se vaha svaviSayopadarzaka nahIM ho sakatA tathA svaviSayopadarzaka nahIM hone se vaha pravartaka, arthaprApaka athavA avisaMvAdaka nahIM ho sakatA / avisaMvAdakatA ke abhAva meM use samyagjJAna athavA pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vyavasAyAtmaka rUpa vyApaka ke abhAva meM usameM vyApya svaviSayopadarzakatA kA anubhava nahIM hotaa|128 126. aSTasahasrI (jJA.) bhAga 1, pR0 211-213 127. draSTavya, (1) pariziSTa - ka (2) tulanIya, dharmottara, nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.1 128. draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA yadi bauddha dArzanika vyavasAyAtmakatA ke sAtha svaviSayopadarzakatA kI vyApti nahIM mAnakara vyavasAyajanakatA ke sAtha mAnate haiM to vidyAnanda usakA bhI pratIkAra karate hue kahate haiM ki jo nirvikalpaka pratyakSa svayaM vyavasAya rUpa nahIM hai vaha vyavasAyajanaka nahIM ho sakatA / 129 92 bauddhoM ke anusAra anumAna saMvRtisat sAmAnyalakSaNa ko viSaya karatA hai, phira bhI svalakSaNa kI prApti meM kAraNa hone se usako pramANa mAnA gayA hai / yathA kisI puruSa ko pradIpaprabhA meM maNi kA jJAna huA aura kisI ko maNiprabhA meM maNi kA jJAna huA, una donoM kA jJAna samAnarUpa se mithyA hai, phira bhI jisako maNiprabhA meM maNi kA jJAna huA hai, usako maNi kI prApti hotI hai / isI prakAra anumAna aura anumAnAbhAsa donoM ke ayathArtha hone para bhI eka arthakriyA kA sAdhaka hotA hai, aura dUsarA usakA sAdhaka nahIM hotA hai| anumAna se paramparayA svalakSaNa kI prApti hotI hai aura anumAnA bhAsa se nahIM hotI hai / ataH anumAna pramANa hai aura anumAnAbhAsa apramANa hai / arthakriyA kI siddhi ke lie pUrvataH tattvanizcaya na hone para bhI anumAna meM pramANazIlatA saMbhava hai / vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki anumAna ko pramANa mAnane hetu jo maNiprabhA kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai, vaha bauddhoM ke mata kAhI vighaTana karane vAlA hai| maNiprabhAdarzana ko bauddhoM ne saMvAdaka mAnA hai, aura saMvAdaka hone se vaha pramANa bhI hai, kintu isako pratyakSa aura anumAna se atirikta tRtIya pramANa mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki maNiprabhAdarzana zuktikA meM rajata jJAna kI bhAMti visaMvAdaka hone se pratyakSAbhAsa hai ataH usakA pratyakSa meM antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / yadi isako ekatva adhyavasAya ke kAraNa pratyakSa pramANa mAnate haiM to zuktikA meM rajata kA jJAna, avasthita vRkSoM meM gatizIlatA kA jJAna Adi bhrAntajJAnoM ko bhI pramANa mAnanA hogA / maNiprabhAdarzana anumAna bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM liGga aura liGgI ke sambandha kA jJAna nahIM hai / binA liGga liGgijJAna ke anumAna nahIM ho sakatA / maNiprabhA darzana dRSTAnta hai, dAnta nahIM / phira bhI maNiprabhAdarzana ko anumAna mAnA jAya to dRSTAnta aura dAnta ke eka ho jAne se kisake dvArA kisakI siddhi hogI ? aura taba kSaNikatvAdi sAdhaka anumAna pramANa bhI kaise banegA / kadAcit saMvAda pAye jAne ke kAraNa maNiprabhAdarzana ko pramANa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki kadAcit saMvAda to mithyAjJAna meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kabhI kabhI mithyAjJAna se bhI artha kI prApti ho jAtI hai| ataH isa prakAra use bhI pramANa mAnanA cAhie anyathA maNiprabhAdarzana ko tathA anumAna ko bhI visaMvAdI hone se pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 130 bauddha kahate haiM ki mithyAjJAna meM saMvAda kabhI kabhI hI pAyA jAtA hai, kintu anumAna meM saMvAda sadA pAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi anumAna avastubhUta sAmAnyalakSaNa ko viSaya karatA hai, phira bhI paramparA se vastu (svalakSaNa) kI prApti kA kAraNa hone se vaha saMvAdaka hai| kahA bhI hai 129. vistAra ke lie draSTavya, tRtIya adhyAya meM bauddha- pratyakSa kA vidyAnanda kRta khaNDana, pR. 153-161 130. draSTavya, pariziSTa ka -

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda liGgaliGgidhiyorevaM pAramparyeNa vstuni| / pratibandhAttadAbhAsazUnyayorapyavaJcanam // 131 liGgabuddhi (hetu ke jJAna) aura liGgibuddhi (sAdhya ke jJAna) meM vastu kA sAkSAt pratibhAsa na hone para bhI paramparA se vastu ke sAtha sambandha hone ke kAraNa unase utpanna anumAna meM saMvAdakatA hai| vidyAnanda isakA bhI pratyuttara dete hue kahate haiM ki yadi anumAna meM sarvadA saMvAdakatA vidyamAna rahatI hai to pratyakSa kI taraha use bhI abhrAnta mAnanA cAhie,kintu bauddhoM ne pratyakSa ko abhrAnta mAnA hai, aura anumAna ko prAnta mAnA hai / 132 yadi anumAna prAnta hai to vaha saMvAdaka kaise ho sakatA hai aura saMvAdakatA ke abhAva meM vaha pramANa bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi anumAna kA Alambana pratyaya 'sAmAnya' mithyA hai to prApta (svalakSaNa) bhI mithyA hogA aura yadi anumAna dvArA prApya viSaya vAstavika hai, to usake Alambana ko bhI vAstavika mAnanA caahie|122 isa prakAra vidyAnanda ne pratyakSa evaM anumAna donoM pramANoM meM bauddhoM ke avisaMvAdakatva lakSaNa ko anupapanna siddha kiyA hai| isa anupapannatA pratipAdana kA mUlAdhAra nirdhAnta tathA nizcayAtmaka jJAna hai jabaki bauddha asat se bhI arthakriyAsiddhi saMbhava hone para isakI prAmANikatA svIkAra karate haiN| isI ke lie dIpaprabhA, maNiprabhA kA dRSTAnta pracalita hai| pramANavyavasthA maNiprabhA kI bhAMti hai / prAnta, mithyA yA asamyagjJAna unake anusAra dIpaprabhA ke samAna hai| vidyAnanda ne tatvArthazlokavArtika meM,bauddhoM dvArA abhimata avisaMvAdI jJAna ko svapnajJAna meM bhI siddha kara bauddhoM ke pramANa- lakSaNa ko anupapanna batalAyA hai| vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki avisaMvAda kA artha yadi AkAMkSA-nivRtti hai to vaha svapnajJAna meM bhI saMbhava hai,kyoMki svapna meM bhI paritoSa kA anubhava hotA hai| ataH svapnajJAna ko bhI pramANa svIkAra karanA hogA / yadi svapnajJAna meM arthakriyAsthiti rUpa avisaMvAda nahIM hai to zabda jJAna meM bhI arthakriyA sthiti saMbhava nahIM / zabda jJAna meM yadi abhiprAya nivedana se arthakriyAsthiti rUpa avisaMvAda mAnA jAtA hai to vaha abhiprAyanivedana to svapnAdi jJAnoM meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai / ataH unako bhI pramANa mAnane kA prasaMga AtA hai / 134 ___isa prakAra bauddhamata meM avisaMvAda ko pramANa lakSaNa mAnanA vidyAnanda ke anusArakathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| siddharSigaNi-siddharSigaNi ne nyAyAvatAravivRti meM dharmakIrti dvArA pramANalakSaNa meM prayukta avisaMvAdaka zabda ke tIna arthoM ko prastuta kara pratyeka kA khaNDana kiyA hai / ve bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki 131.(A) draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka (ba) pramANavArtika, 2.82 132. prAntaM hyanumAnaM svapratibhAse'na'rthAdhyavasAyena prvRtttvaat|-nyaaybinduttiikaa, pR0 40 133. draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka 134. draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kyA pradarzita artha kI prApti karAnA pramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA hai, athavA prAptiyogya artha ko pradarzita karanA usakI avisaMvAdakatA hai, athavA to avicalita artha ko viSaya karanA avisaMvAdakatA hai ? 94 yadi pradarzita artha kI prApti karAnA avisaMvAdakatA hai to yaha lakSaNa ayukta hai, kyoMki jala budabude ke samAna kSaNika padArtha prAptikAla meM naSTa ho jAtA hai, ataH pradarzita artha kI prApti nahIM hone se jJAna meM avisaMvAdakatA nahIM ho sakatI / dvitIya vikalpa meM yadi prAptiyogya artha ko pradarzita karanA jJAna kI avisaMvAdakatA hai to graha, nakSatra Adi viSayoM kA jJAna apramANa siddha hogA, kyoMki ve dRSTa hone para bhI prApta nahIM hote / yadi avisaMvAda kA artha viSaya kA avicalana hai to usakI avicalita viSayatA ko kaise jAnate haiM ? yadi jJAnAntara se usa viSaya kA nirAkaraNa nahIM hone ke kAraNa use avicalita yA visaMvAdarahita kahA jAtA hai to yaha jainamata meM bhI iSTa hai / 135 yahAM para siddharSigaNi ne pradarzitArthaprApakatA evaM prApaNayogya artha kI pradarzakatA ke rUpa meM avisaMvAda lakSaNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA use avicalitArtha viSayatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai jo akalaGka ke dvArA prastuta pramANAntara se abAdhita evaM pUrvApara virodha se rahita avisaMvAdI jJAna ke lakSaNa se sAmya rakhatA hai / ' 136 abhayadevasUri dvArA bauddha pramANa- lakSaNa kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana- abhayadevasUri ne siddhasena ke sanmatitarkaprakaraNa kI tattvabodhavidhAyinI TIkA meM dharmakIrti ke pramANa lakSaNa ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthApita kara usakA vistRta khaNDana kiyA hai| ve dharmakIrti ke lakSaNa ko upasthApita karate samaya dharmottara Adi bauddhadArzanikoM kI vyAkhyAoM kA bhI upayoga karate haiN| yahAM unake matAnusAra pUrva pakSa ko rakhane ke anantara khaNDana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai 1 pUrvapakSa kA upasthApana' 137 ' - 'pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnam" vacana ke anusAra jJAna kI avisaMvAdakatA pramANa kA lakSaNa hai| avisaMvAdakatA kA artha hai arthakriyA meM sAdhaka artha kI pradarzakatA / yaha arthapradarzakatA arthaprApti ke lie pravRtta karAne meM hetubhUta hotI hai| kyoMki arthakriyArthI puruSa arthakriyA meM samartha artha ko prApta karane ke lie pramANa athavA apramANa kA anveSaNa karatA hai / arthakriyA ko sampanna karane vAlA jo jJAna artha pradarzaka hotA hai, usI kA arthakriyArthI puruSa ke dvArA anveSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / 138 135. draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka 136. pramANAntarAbAdhanaM pUrvAparAvirodhazcAvisaMvAdaH / - laghIyastrayavRtti, pR0 14.21 137. mUla pATha ke lie draSTavya, pariziSTa- ka 138. tulanIya - arthakriyArthibhizcArthakriyAsamarthaM vastuprAptinimittaM jJAnaM mRgyate / yacca tairmRgyate tadeva zAstre vicAryate / tato'rthakriyAsamarthavastupradarzakaM samyagjJAnam / nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.1, pR0 16

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda pratyakSa evaM anumAna ye donoM tathAbhUta artha ke pradarzaka haiM, ataH ina donoM meM avisaMvAdakatA rUpa pramANa kA lakSaNa vidyamAna hai / pratyakSa se arthakriyA kA sAdhana dRSTa rUpa meM jJAta athavA pradarzita hotA hai tathA anumAna dvArA vaha dRSTaliGga (hetu) se avyabhicarita rUpa meM adhyavasita hotA hai / isa prakAra pratyakSa evaM anumAna dvArA arthakriyA ke sAdhana rUpa artha ko pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai / vahI artha kI prApakatA hai / artha kI prApakatA hI avisaMvAdakatA hai evaM vahI pramANa kA lakSaNa hai / 129 pratyakSa evaM anumAna ke dvArA pradarzita artha meM pravRtti karane para artha prApti hotI hI hai| ataH arthapradarzakatva ke atirikta prApakatA nahIM hai / vaha prApakatA zaktirUpa hai,yathA-"prApaNa zakti hI jJAna kA prAmANya hai," aura vahI prApakatA hai / anyathA jJAnAntara se usakI prApakatA kI vyavasthA karane para pramANa ko pravartaka zakti vAlA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadyapi pratyakSa vastukSaNa grAhI hotA hai aura usakA grAhakatva hI usakI pradarzakatA hai / vastu ke kSaNika hone ke kAraNa dRSTa kSaNa kI prApti nahIM hotI ,usa kSaNa kI santAna hI prApta hotI hai / isa prakAra pratyakSa dvArA kSaNa -santAna kA adhyavasAya kiyA jAtA hai aura vahI pratyakSa kA artha pradarzaka vyApAra hai| anumAna dvArA vastu kA grahaNa nahIM hotA / ataH usakA artha prApaka honA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA tathApi apane AkAra vAlI bAhya vastu ke adhyavasAya se puruSa dvArA pravRtti karane meM nimitta banane ke kAraNa anumAna ko artha kA prApaka kahA jAtA hai| ____ abhiprAya yaha hai ki pratyakSa kA grAhya viSaya jo kSaNa hai vaha nivRtta ho jAne ke kAraNa prApta nahIM hotA, tathApi pratyakSa se usa kSaNa kI santAna kA adhyavasAya hotA hai, arthAt pravRttipUrvaka prApti kA viSaya santAna hai / vaha viSaya hI pratyakSa kI athavA pradarzita artha kI prAMpakatA hai tathA vahI isakA prAmANya hai| anumAna ke dvArA to Aropita vastu athavA svAkAra kA grahaNa hotA hai,ve donoM avastu rUpa hote haiM / ataH ve pravRtti ke viSaya nahIM hote,apitu bAhya vastuoM ke abheda adhyavasAya se vastu meM hI anumAna kI pravartakatA evaM prApakatA dekhI jAtI hai / isa prakAra anumAna kA grAhya viSaya anartha hai, kintu prApya viSaya bAhya hai jo svAkAra ke abheda adhyavasAya rUpa hotA hai / isa prakAra anumAna kA adhyavaseya viSaya vasturUpa siddha hotA hai / vaha viSaya pradarzitArthaprApaka hotA hai, ataH anumAna bhI pramANa hai / 14deg kahA gayA hai-"usa vikalpa se bhI vastukSaNa kA adhyavasAya hone se vastu meM hI pravRtti hotI hai,pravRtti hone para pratyakSa se usakA yogakSema abhinna ho jAtA hai / " pratyakSa evaM anumAna ke dvArA artha ko jAnakara pravartamAna puruSa arthakriyA meM kabhI visaMvAda ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| pratyakSa evaM anumAna donoM kA pariccheda santAna viSayaka adhyavasAya hai,tathA donoM 139. tulanIya-pratyakSa pratibhAsamAnaM niyatamartha darzayati / anumAnaM ca liGgasambaddhaM niyatamartha darzayati / ata ete niyatasyArthasya prdrshke| tena te pramANe / nAnyad vijnyaanm| prAptuM zakyamarthamAdarzayat praapkm| prApakatvAcca pramANam / nyAyabinduTIkA 1.1, pR0 12 140. dharmottara mata ke lie draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa,38

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kA prAmANya vastuviSayaka hai / yaha laukika avisaMvAdakatA rUpa prAmANya hai,kyoMki loka meM pratijJAta artha ko prApta karAtA huA saMvAdaka puruSa pramANa kahalAtA hai usI prakAra yahAM bhI arthaprApakatA rUpa avisaMvAdakatA se pratyakSa evaM anumAna ye donoM pramANa haiM / 141 kSaNika -artha kA jJAna prAptikAla taka avasthita nahIM rahatA hai ,kintu isase usakI prApakatA meM zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie, kyoMki artha ke pradarzakatva ke atirikta usakA avasthAna yA prApakatA asaMbhava hai| yaha bhI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki anya jJAnAntara kI prApti meM sannikRSTa (sAdhakatama) hone se vahI kSaNika-jJAna prApaka hai / yadyapi aneka jJAna kSaNoM se pravRtti hone para arthaprApti hotI hai tathApi dRzyamAna arthapradarzakatva hI jJAna kI prApakatA hai,42 anya nahIM / vaha arthapradarzakatA prathama jJAna kSaNa meM sampanna ho jAtI hai| pradarzita evaM prApakatva lakSaNa vAle prAmANya ke svIkAra karane para pItazaMkha Adi ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAnoM meM prAmANya kI prasakti nahIM hotI / pItazaMkha Adi ke grAhaka jJAna pradarzita artha ke prApaka nahIM hote haiM / jisa deza,kAla evaM AkAra vAlI vastu una jJAnoM ke dvArA pradarzita hotI hai vaise deza, kAla evaM AkAra vAlI vastu prApta nahIM hotI hai tathA jaise deza ,kAla evaM AkAra vAlI vastu prApta hotI hai.vaisI pradarzita nahIM hotii| deza.kAla evaM AkAra Adi ke bheda se vastu kA bheda nizcita hai| ataH pItazaMkha Adi jJAnoM meM pradarzita artha kI prApakatA nahIM hone se ve apramANa haiN| isI prakAra jalAdi ke pradarzaka jJAna meM marIci Adi anya vastu kI prApti dekhI jAtI hai / yadi vahA~ pradarzita artha ko prApaka mAnakara use pramANa samajhA jAya to kucha bhI apramANa nahIM rhegaa|43 pratyakSa evaM anumAna ina donoM pramANoM ke atirikta koI jJAna niyata pradarzita artha kA prApaka nahIM hotA / svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnya lakSaNa meM sAdhAraNa aniyata artha asattva hone se prApta nahI kiyA jA sktaa| ataH pradarzitArtha prApaka rUpa meM usakA koI prAmANya nahIM hotaa|140 zabdAdi aniyatArtha ke pradarzaka hote haiM,kyoMki ve sAkSAt athavA paramparA meM pratipAdya artha se utpanna nahIM hote haiN| isalie yaha nizcita huA ki jisameM prApaNazakti kA svabhAva hai,vaha avisaMvAdaka hai tathA vaha pramANa hai, artha ke avinAbhAva se utpanna pramANa kI prApaNazakti kA nizcaya nirvikalpa ke pazcAdbhAvI vikalpa dvArA kiyA jAtA hai,kyoMki jisa artha se darzana yA nirvikalpaka pratyakSa utpanna 141. tulanIya-loke ca pUrvamupadarzitArtha prApayan saMvAdaka ucyate / tadajJAnamapi svayaM pradarzitamartha prApayat saMvAdakamucyate |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.1, pR010 142. tulanIya pravartakatvamapi pravRttiviSayapradarzakatvameva |-nyaayvinduttiikaa 1.1, pR010 143. tulanIya-tasmAdanyAkAravastuprAhi nAkArAntaravati vastuni pramANam / yathA pItazaMkhagrAhi zukle zaMkhe dezAntaragrAhi ca na dezAntarasthe prmaannm| kAlAntarayuktagrAhi ca na kAlAntaravati vastuni prmaannm| nyAyabinduTIkA 1.1, pR0 144. tulanIya-AbhyAM pramANAbhyAmanyena ca jJAnena darzito'rthaH kazcidatyantaviparyastaH yathA marIcikAsu jalam / sa cAsattvAt prAptamazakyaH kacidaniyato bhAvAbhAvayoH yathA saMzayArthaH na ca bhAvAbhAvAbhyAM yukto'yoM jagatyasti / tataH prAptumazakyastAdRzaH |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.1, pR. 14 18

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda hotA hai usakA pramAtA svAnurUpa avasAya ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa artha ke avinAbhAvitva kA nizcaya karatA huA prApaNazakti ke nimitta prAmANya kA svataH nizcaya karatA hai,anya jJAna kI usake nizcaya hetu apekSA nahIM krtaa| avisaMvAdakatA ko isalie pramANa -lakSaNa kahA gayA hai / 145 saMkSepa meM kaheM to jisa jJAna kI artha -pradarzakatA meM prApaNazakti vidyamAna hai vaha jJAna pramANa hai / pramANa niyata artha kA pradarzaka hotA hai| usakI pradarzakatA hI prApakatA hai| vahI usakI avisaMvAdakatA hai / isa prakAra abhayadevasUri ne bauddhamata ke pramANa meM arthaprApaNazakti para bala diyA hai na ki usakI arthaprApakatA para ,tathApi arthapradarzakatA se hI bauddhamata meM arthaprApakatA mAnya hai| uttarapakSa-dharmottara kA maMtavya hai ki artha kI pradarzakatA hI usakI prApakatA hai / abhayadevasari ne isakA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki artha kA pradarzakatva hI usakA prApakatva nahIM hai,kyoMki vastu ke hone para bhI arthaprApti hetu pravRtti puruSa kI icchA ke adhIna hotI hai / pradarzakatva ke sadbhAva meM bhI "maiM isake dvArA pravartita kiyA gayA hU~" isa prakAra pradarzita artha ko grahaNa karane kI icchA ke abhAva meM pravRtti nahIM hotI / 146 arthapradarzakatA hI arthaprApakatA nahIM hai / bauddhoM ke dvArA abhyupagata pradarzitArtha kI prApakatA jJAna meM kahIM bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / abhayadevasUri kahate haiM ki arthaprApakatA to bauddhoM ke dvArA saMtAna ke Azraya se parikalpita kI jAtI hai,jabaki saMtAna hI saMbhava nahIM hai / bauddha darzana meM saMtAna kI mAnyatA para prahAra karate hue abhayadevasUri kahate haiM ki saMtAna svarUpa se sat hai athavA santAnI (svalakSaNa) rUpa se ? svarUpa se to saMtAna sat hai nahIM ,kyoMki saMtAnI ke abhAva meM usakA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / yadi saMtAnI ke abhAva meM usakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai to kSaNikavAda para A~ca AtI hai / bauddhamata meM sAmAnya ko svIkAra karane kA bhI koI kAraNa nahIM raha jAtA hai| isalie saMtAna kI svarUpa se pravRttyAdi viSayatA nahIM hai / santAnI rUpa se saMtAna ke sat mAnane para bhI saMtAnI dvArA hI pravRttyAdi viSayatA hotI hai| saMtAnI (svalakSaNa) se bhinna saMtAna pravRttyAdi kA viSaya nahIM hotA, tathA mukhya bAta yaha hai ki saMtAniyoM kI utpatti ke anantara unakA dhvaMsa ho jAne ke kAraNa unako viSaya karane vAle jJAna meM pradarzitArthaprApakatA nahIM hotI / kyoMki unake dRzya evaM prApya kSaNoM meM atyanta bheda dekhA jAtA hai / 147 jisa bauddha darzana meM deza, kAla, AkAra, Adi ke bheda se, samAna pratIyamAna vastu kA bhI bheda, svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai vahAM svarUpa se bhinna pUrva evaM uttara kSaNoM meM abheda kaise ho sakatA hai, jisase 145. abhayadevasUri ne bauddhamata ke jina vAkyoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai, unameM se aneka dhotara kI nyAyabindu TIkA se mela khAte haiM / draSTavya, uparyukta pAda TippaNa 137144 / saMbhava hai ki kucha vAkya dharmottara kI pramANavinizcayaTIkA se lie ho, parantu samprati pramANavinizcayaTIkA kA saMskRtamUla anupalabdha hai / ataH hama usase milAna nahIM kara ske| 146. draSTavya, pariziSTa - 147. draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jJAna meM pradarzita artha kI prApakatA yuktisaMgata ho|148 yadi bauddha kaheM ki saMvRti se saMtAna kA svarUpa siddha hai isalie arthaprApakatA meM doSa nahIM hai tathA saMvRti yA sAMvyAvahArika rUpa se hI pramANa kA lakSaNa pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam nirUpita kiyA gayA hai,to abhayadevasUri ke mata meM yaha bauddha kathana upayukta nahIM hai / abhayadevasUri kahate haiM ki yadi isa prakAra loka vyavahAra ke anurodha se pramANa meM pradarzita artha kI prApakatA svIkAra kI jAtI hai to nityAnitya vastu ke pradarzaka jJAna meM artha prApakatA svIkAra karanI cAhie, kyoMki loka vyavahAra meM to vastu nityAnityAtmaka hai149,ekAntataH anitya athavA kSaNika nhiiN| nityAnityAtmaka vastu ke tathAbhAva kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA,kyoMki taba santAna viSaya bhI bAdhita siddha hotA hai / 150 vastutaH bauddhoM ke dvArA abhimata pratyakSa-pramANa meM adhyavasita artha kI prApakatA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki bauddhoM ke anusAra jo artha pratyakSa se upalabdha hotA hai vahI usake dvArA adhyavasita honA cAhie, kintu pratyakSa kA grAhyakSaNa svalakSaNa hai tathA adhyavasAya saMtAna kA hotA hai, isalie pratyakSa se upalabdha artha kI prApakatA siddha nahIM hai| kSaNamAtra rahane vAle santAniyoM ke dRSTa hone para unake pRSThabhAvI adhyavasAya dvArA saMtAna ko adhyavasAya kA viSaya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / isa prakAra anyathAbhUta vastu kA grahaNa karane vAle anyathAbhUta vastu kA adhyavasAya karane vAle jJAna meM pradarzitArthaprApakatA rUpa prAmANya kathamapi yukta nahIM hai / yadi dRzyakSaNa evaM prApyakSaNa ke bhinna-bhinna hone para bhI unameM sAdRzya ke kAraNa adhyavasAya mAnA jAtA hai to zuktikA meM rajata kA adhyavasAya karane vAle jJAna ko bhI pramANa mAnanA cAhie, kyoMki usameM bhI dRzya evaM prApya kSaNa meM sAdRzya kA adhyavasAya hotA hai| yadi rajata ke lie pravRtta hue vyakti ko rajata prApta nahIM hotA hai . isalie bauddha mata meM bhI pradarzita artha kI prApakatA nahIM hai,to usI prakAra santAna ke adhyavasita hone para bhI prApti kSaNa kI hotI hai ataH pratyakSa meM bhI pradarzita artha kI prApakatA nahIM hai / yadi pratyakSa meM saMtAna kI prApti hotI hai to use bhI svalakSaNa kI bhAMti vastusat mAnanA cAhie tathA isa prakAra akSaNika vastu kI siddhi hone ke kAraNa sAmAnyadharmoM ko svarUpa se asat nahIM mAnanA caahie|151 bauddha kahate haiM ki pratyakSa dvArA kSaNika evaM akSaNika meM sAdhAraNa artha ko viSaya karane para kisI bhramanimitta se akSaNikatA kA Aropa ho jAtA hai,tathApi pratyakSa akSaNika viSaya meM pramANa nahIM hotA, usameM viparIta adhyavasAya hone ke kAraNa vaha apramANa hotA hai / kSaNika artha ke viSaya meM bhI anurUpa 148. draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka 149. yahAM abhayadeva sUri ne jaina tattvamImAMsA ko lokavyavahAra ke lie upayogI mAnA hai| 150. draSTavya, pariziSTa-ka 151. draSTavya, pariziSTa-ka

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda adhyavasAya nahIM karane para pratyakSa kA prAmANya nahIM hai, kintu nIlarUpa artha meM tathAbhUta nizcaya karane ke kAraNa vaha pramANa hai / 152 abhayadeva kahate haiM ki yaha bauddha mAnyatA virodhI hai| isake anusAra to eka hI pratyakSa ko kSaNikatva evaM akSaNikatva ke viSaya meM apramANa svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai tathA nIlAdi artha meM usakA prAmANya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / phalataH isa prakAra bauddhoM ne jainoM kI bhAMti anekAntavAda ko svIkAra kara liyA hai| 153 kSaNa ko grahaNa karane para bhI usase viparIta santAna kA adhyavasAya utpanna hone se nirvikalpaka kA prAmANya yukta nahIM hai ,kyoMki marIcikA-svalakSaNa kA grahaNa karane para jala kA adhyavasAya dekhA jAtA hai jo mithyA hai / vastutaH 'jo mere dvArA tattvataH dekhA gayA hai vahI prApta huA hai' isa prakAra ke adhyavasAya meM hI jJAna kA prAmANya vyavasthApita hotA hai / dRSTa kSaNika santAnI (svalakSaNa) se saMtAna kI prApti nahIM hotI hai,kyoMki vaha asat hai / isa prakAra dharmottara ke mata kA paryAlocana karane para paramArthataH pradarzitArthaprApaka jJAna kA prAmANya saMbhava nahIM hai / phalataH bauddha mata meM saMvAdakatA ko pramANa kA lakSaNa mAnanA ayukta hai|154 abhayadevasUri ne isa prakAra dRzya evaM prApya kSaNa ko nitAnta bhinna batalAkara,santAnI ke abhAva meM saMtAna ko asat siddha karake, pradarzita artha ke jJAna meM prApakatA ko anupapanna pratipAdita kara dharmakIrti praNIta pramANalakSaNa ko khaNDita kiyA hai,tathA nityAnityAtmaka artha ko viSaya karane vAle avisaMvAdaka jJAna kI jainamatAnusAra sAMvyavahArikatA evaM pramANatA siddha kI hai| vAdidevasUri dvArA bauddha pramANa-lakSaNa kA upasthApana evaM khaNDana-vAdidevasUri ne bhI abhayadevasUri ke samAna bauddha pakSa kA upasthApana kara khaNDana kiyA hai / vAdidevasUri ke dvArA bauddha pakSa kA upasthApana abhayadevasUri kRta upasthApana se vaiziSTya rakhatA hai / ataH yahA~ use prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / vAdidevasUri ne bhI dharmottara kI TIkA kA avalambana liyA hai / vAdidevasUrine avisaMvAdI jJAna ko pramANa kA lakSaNa mAnane kA khaNDana karane ke anantara usakI sAMvyavahArikatA kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| pUrvapakSa-bauddha "pramANamavisaMvAdivijJAnam" dvArA avisaMvAdaka jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiM. / avisaMvAdakatA kA artha hai- arthaprApakatA / yaha arthaprApakatA pratyakSa evaM anumAna donoM pramANoM meM upalabdha hai| ataH yahI pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| pratyakSa pramANa dvArA pradarzita svalakSaNa kSaNa ke kSaNika hone se usakI prApti nahIM hotI,kintu usake kSaNasantAna kI prApti hotI hai / santAna ke adhyavasAya 152. draSTavya, pariziSTa-ka 153. draSTavya, pariziSTa-ka 154. draSTavya pariziSTa-ka

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100 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ko utpanna karanA hI usakI prApakatA hai| pratyakSa kA viSaya do prakAra kA hai-(1) grAhya evaM (2) adhyavaseya / grAhya kSaNa eka hotA hai tathA vaha samasta sajAtIya evaM vijAtIya kSaNoM (vastuoM) se vyAvRtta hotA hai| use svalakSaNa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| artha kI grAhyatA yahI hai ki vaha svAkAra jJAna ko utpanna karatA hai aura jJAna kI grAhakatA bhI yahI hai ki vaha arthAkAra hokara AtmalAbha karatA hai / adhyavaseya viSaya kSaNasaMtAna hotA hai / bahuta se svalakSaNoM ke lakSaNa se yukta evaM upAdAna tathA upAdeya bhAva ko prApta artha saMtAna kahalAtA hai| usake agRhIta hone para bhI adhyavaseya hone se vaha pravRtti kA viSaya banatA hai| adhyavaseya artha kI santAna-apekSA se hI pratyakSa kI pramANavyavasthA banatI hai ,anyathA svalakSaNa to prApaka hone meM asamartha hai / isa prakAra pratyakSa meM sarvatra prAmANya kA vyavasthApana santAna ke adhyavasAya kI apekSA se hotA hai grAhya kI apekSA se nahIM / santAna kA adhyavasAya karane rUpa avisaMvAdakatA hone se pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| phira prazna uThatA hai ki pratyakSa ke nirvikalpa hone se vaha saMtAna kA adhyavasAya kaise kara sakatA hai ? bauddha isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki pratyakSajanya vikalpa se santAna kA adhyavasAya hotA hai ,kintu use pratyakSa se adhyavasita kahA jAtA hai| ___anumAna kA viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa hai jo apAramArthika hai,ataH bhrAnta hai / tathApi usake dvArA maNiprabhA se maNibuddhi ke samAna vastu kI prApti hotI hai ataH arthaprApakatA se anumAna bhI pramANa hai / usake bhI do prakAra ke viSaya haiH- (1)grAhya evaM (2) adhyavaseya / unameM adhyavaseya viSaya svalakSaNa hai,kyoMki anumAna ke utpanna hone para adhyavasAya se artha kriyA karAne vAlI pramAtA kI pravRtti svalakSaNa meM hI dekhI jAtI hai| anumAna kA prAhya viSaya to sAmAnyalakSaNa hI hai / aba prazna uThatA hai ki vaha sAmAnyalakSaNa bAhya padArthoM ke tAdAtmya se adhyavasita hotA hai athavA buddhyAkAra hotA hai / bAhya rUpa se sAmAnya hai, athavA bhItara hI usakA bAhya rUpa hai / paramArtha rUpa se to anumAna kA koI viSaya nahIM hotA,kyoMki svalakSaNa to usakA viSaya hai nahIM,kyoMki usakA parisphuraNa hI nahIM hotA hai / anumAna kA viSaya buddhyAkAra bhI nahIM hotA,kyoMki bAhara usase tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / bAhya padArtha alIka haiM aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki usake sarvathA asaMbhava hone para arthakriyA sAmarthya se zUnyatA prApta hotI hai / arthAt jaba bAhya padArtha hI nahIM hai to arthakriyA kI prApaka kaisI? jaise hAthI ke lie siMha ke bAloM kI kalpanA vyartha hai usI prakAra anumAna bhI taba nirvi pa ho jAyegA,usakA koI viSaya nahIM rhegaa| anumAna-pramANa bhrAnta bhI hai ,kyoMki vaha svarUpa se anartha meM artha kA adhyavasAya karane hetu pravRtta hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to anumAna svarUpa se pratIta anartha rUpa sAmAnyalakSaNa meM svalakSaNarUpatA kA Aropa karake pravRtta hotA hai ataH vaha bhrAnta hai; phira bhI svabhAva,kArya,liGgAdi ke darzana se utpanna hone ke kAraNa vaha paramparA se svabhAva evaM kAraNa meM pratibaddha hotA hai / isalie artha kA prApaka hotA hai| artha kA prApaka hone se avisaMvAdaka hotA

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda 101 hai, aura avisaMvAdaka hone se pramANa hotA hai / isIlie kahA gayA hai-"atasmiMstadgraho bhrAntirapi sambandhataH pramA" arthAt jo jaisA nahIM hai ,usameM vaisI vastu kA grahaNa karanA bhrAnti hai evaM vaha bhrAnti bhI sambandha se (svalakSaNa sambandha se) pramA hotI hai| anumAna ke atirikta anya vikalpoM se niyata artha kA avinAbhAva sambandha nahIM hotA,phalataH ve vikalpa arthaprApaka nahIM hote aura arthaprApaka nahIM hone se avisaMvAdaka nahIM hote aura avisaMvAdaka nahIM hone se pramANa nahIM hote| pramANa yathA-adhyavasita artha kA prApaka hotA hai| ata : pItazaMkha Adi ke grAhaka jJAna meM zaMkhamAtra Adi kI prApti hone para bhI usa jJAna kA prAmANya nahIM hai ,kyoMki jaisA adhyavasAya kiyA gayA vaisA pIta kha prApta nahIM huA / zaMkha to prApta huA ,kintu pIta zaMkha prApta nahIM huaa| pItazaMkha kA adhyavasAya hone para pIta zaMkha prApta honA cAhie / yadi pItazaMkha kA adhyavasAya hone para zveta zaMkha prApta hotA hai to vaha jJAna apramANa samajhA jAyegA,kyoMki vaha arthAvisaMvAdaka nahIM hai / ataH yathAdhyavasita artha kA prApaka avisaMvAdI jJAna pramANa hai / 155 uttarapakSa-vAdidevasari ne bauddha pramANalakSaNa kA khaNDana prastuta karate hue pratijJA kI hai ki bauddhoM ne jo adhyavasita vastu ke prApaka avisaMvAdI jJAna ko pramANa sAmAnya kA lakSaNa kahA hai,vaha ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| bauddha zAsana meM adhyavasAya kA viSaya vastu ko na mAnakara avastu ko mAnA gayA hai aura jo avastu hai usakI prApti saMbhava hai| kathana bhI hai-"yathAdhyavasAyamatattvAt yathAtattvaM cAnadhyavasAyAt" arthAt adhyavasAya ke anusAra tattva nahIM hotA evaM tattva ke anusAra adhyavasAya nahIM hotaa| aisI sthiti meM mUlabhUta vastu kI prApti aMdhakaMTakIya nyAya kA anusaraNa karatI hai / aisA pramANAntara se bhI nahIM dekhA gayA ki vaha yathAdhyavasita kI prApti karAtA ho / yadi bauddha kaheM ki santAna kI prApti se svalakSaNa vastu kI prApti ho jAtI hai to yaha kathana bhI samucita nahIM hai,kyoMki kSaNika kSaNa kI paramparA se pRthagbhUta pAramArthika santAna ko bauddhoM ne svIkAra hI nahIM kiyA hai| bauddhoM ne santAna ke apAramArthika hone para bhI saMvyavahAra kI mahattA se isa pramANalakSaNa ke nirvAha kA prayAsa kiyA hai / bauddha kahate haiM ki yaha pramANa kA lakSaNa sAMvyAvahArika hai ,pAramArthika nhiiN| paramArthata : to anAdi avidyA kI vAsanA se grAhya-grAhakAdi bheda prapaMca kA Aropa hotA hai anyathA yaha saba vijJAna mAtra hai / isameM kyA prApta hotA hai aura kyA prApta karAnA hai ? arthAt kucha nhiiN| vastuta : jJAna meM hI avidyA vAsanA ke kAraNa grAhya- grAhakAdi bhAva prakaTa hote haiN| 155.(1) draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka (2) vAdidevasUri dvArA bauddhamata kA upasthApana prAyaH dharmottara kI nyAyabindu TIkA se mela khAtA hai / draSTavya, nyAyabinTIkA ke pratyakSapariccheda meM vizeSataH1,3 evaM 11veM satra kI ttiikaa|

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102 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vAdidevasUri bauddha mata kA parihAra karate hue kahate haiM ki yaha to vijJAnavAda ke siddhAnta kI ghoSaNAmAtra hai ,prAkaraNika prasaMga kA samarthana nahIM / vastuta : bauddhoM ke dvArA sAMvRti pratIti ko pramANa kahanA hAsyAspada hai / jo saMvRti vicAra gocara nahIM hotI hai usase pramANa ke lakSaNa kA nirvAha karanA mahAn kaitava hai / grAhya-grAhakAdi kA vyavahAra bhI anAdi avidyA kI vAsanA-nirmita nahIM hai ,apitu tAttvika hai ,vAstavika hai / 156 yadi bauddhoM meM vijJAna mAtra ko sat nahIM mAnane vAloM ke dvArA sAMvRta saMtAna kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai,taba to unheM naiyAyikAdi dvArA sammata jAti ,avayavI ,samavAya Adi ko bhI sAMvRta sat mAna lenA caahie| yadi vRtti ,vikalpa Adi bAdhakoM ke kAraNa jAti ,samavAya Adi kI satyatA nahIM rahatI hai to usI prakAra bheda Adi vikalpoM se santAna bhI bAdhita hotA hai| usakA bhI adhvasAya karake pramANa ke avisaMvAdI lakSaNa kA nirvAha nahI kiyA jA sakatA / 157 dharmakIrti prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa 158 dvArA tathA prajJAkaragupta "sAMvyavahArikasya caitat pramANasya lakSaNam" 159 kathana dvArA "pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam " lakSaNa ko sAMvyavahArika pratipAdita karate haiM / vAdidevasUri ne isakA nirasana kiyA hai| ve sAMvyavahArikatA ko kalpita nahIM vAstavika mAnate haiN| unhoMne pramANa ko pAramArthika mAnA hai,kyoMki unakI dRSTi meM jagat pAramArthika hai| vAdidevasari ne pramANa ke sAMvyavAhika hone para aneka prazna khar3e kie haiN| ve kahate haiM ki yadi saMvRti yA saMvyavahAra se pramANa kA lakSyalakSaNa bhAva siddha hai to vaha saMvRti kyA hai ? upacAra ko yadi saMvRti kahA jAtA hai to koI mukhya lakSyalakSaNa bhAva bhI honA cAhie kyoMki mukhya kI sattA ke binA upacAra kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / vicAra se anupapadyamAna vikalpa buddhi yadi saMvRti hai to usase lakSyalakSaNa bhAva nahIM bana sakatA / yadi usameM lakSyalakSaNabhAva kA avabhAsana hotA hai, isalie bauddha (buddhyArUDha) rUpa se lakSyalakSaNabhAva siddha hotA hai to abauddha rUpa meM siddha kyoM nahIM hotA? yadi abauddha rUpa vikalpa se bahirbhUta hai isalie vaha asaMbhava hai,to yaha kahanA upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki abauddha rUpa bAhya jagat ko mAne binA vikalpa kA viSaya kyA hogA? samasta vikalpoM kA viSaya asaMbhava yA vitatha nahIM hai| pratyakSa ke viSaya ke samAna vikalpa kA viSaya bhI saMbhava hai| yadi manorAjyAdi vikalpa ke samAna samasta vikalpa asaMbhava haiM to vaise hI kezoNDuka pratyakSa kI bhAMti samasta pratyakSa asaMbhava ho jaaegeN| yadi pratyakSAbhAsa kA viSaya asaMbhava hai,pratyakSa kA nahIM to isI prakAra vikalpAbhAsa kA viSaya asaMbhava hotA hai, vikalpa kA nhiiN| yadi yaha prazna uThe ki kaunasA vikalpa satya hai ? to yaha bhI prazna hai ki kaunasA pratyakSa satya hai ? jisase arthakriyA meM pravRtta huA vyakti visaMvAda ko prApta nahIM karatA hai, yadi vaha samyak pratyakSa hai to jisa vikalpa se artha ko 156. vAdidevasUrine bauddha darzana sammata vijJAnavAda kA vistRta khaNDana kiyA hai / draSTavya, syAdvAdaratnAkara , pR. 148-172 157. draSTavya, pariziSTa - ka 158.pramANavArtika, 1.7 159. pramANavArtikabhASya, 1.1

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pramANa - lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda jAnakara pravRtta huA vyakti arthakriyA meM visaMvAda ko prApta nahIM karatA hai vaha vikalpa bhI satya hai / isa prakAra donoM meM sAmya hai / 103 pratyakSa kA viSaya jisa prakAra sat mAnA gayA hai usa prakAra rUpa anumAnAdi pramANoM kA viSaya bhI sat yA pAramArthika hai / pratyakSa dvArA bhI sAmAnya rUpAdi kA hI grahaNa hotA hai svalakSaNa paramANuoM kA nahIM / isalie yaha bAhya jagat mAtra sAMvyavahArika nahIM, apitu vAstavika hai / jisa prakAra vRkSAdi kA vizeSa rUpa apanI arthakriyA kA saMpAdana karatA hai usI prakAra vRkSAdi kA sAmAnya rUpa bhI arthakriyA kA saMpAdana karatA hai / jJAtA ke paritoSa rUpa arthakriyA sAmAnya meM bhI hai| svaviSaya ke jJAna ko utpanna karanA rUpa arthakriyA bhI sAmAnya meM hai / yadi sajAtIya artha ko utpanna karanA arthakriyA hai to vaha bhI visadRza pariNAma kI bhAMti sAmAnya (sadRzapariNAma) meM hai / bauddha kahate haiM ki visadRza pariNAma vAle bAlapAdapa se visadRza pariNAma vAlA hI taruNa pAdapa prakaTa hotA huA upalabdha hotA hai, to jisa prakAra visadRza pariNAma vizeSa se visadRza pariNAma vizeSa prakaTa hotA hai usI prakAra sadRza pariNAma vAle sAmAnya se sadRza pariNAma sAmAnya prakaTa hotA hai / sAmAnya se sajAtIya arthoM ko utpanna karane rUpa arthakriyA hotI hai| isalie vizeSa (svalakSaNa) ke samAna sAmAnya (sAmAnya lakSaNa) bhI vAstavika hai, vastu rUpa hai, aura usa vastu meM pravartamAna vikalpa vastu kA avabhAsana karatA hai / vaha bhI pratyakSa kI bhAMti saMvAdaka hone se anupaplava hai| isa prakAra siddha hotA hai ki vikalpa se kiyA jAne vAlA lakSyalakSaNabhAva kevala buddhi se ArUDha yA kAlpanika nahIM, arthAt sAMvRta nahIM hai, apitu pAramArthika hai| 160 hemacandra - AcArya hemacandra ne bhI bauddha pramANa-lakSaNa meM doSodbhAvana kiyA hai tathA nirNayAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnane para bala diyA hai| bauddha eka ora avisaMvAdI jJAna ko pramANa batalAkara use sAMvyAvahArika pramANa kA lakSaNa pratipAdita karate haiM to dUsarI ora nirvikalpaka jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiM, kintu nirvikalpa jJAna saMvyavahAra ko utpanna karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai, ataH usako pramANa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadi nirvikalpa jJAna ke pazcAt utpanna hone vAlA vikalpa saMvyavahAra ko utpanna karane meM samartha hotA hai isalie nirvikalpa jJAna pramANabhUta hai, to yaha bauddhoM ke dvArA mAtra yAcatikamaNDana-nyAya kA anusaraNa hai| isase acchA to yaha hai ki saMvyavahAra ke kAraNabhUta vikalpajJAna kA hI prAmANya svIkara kara leM / vikalpa jJAna yA nirNayAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa mAna lene para paramparAparizrama kA bhI parihAra ho sakegA / yadi bauddha mata meM vikalpajJAna kA prAmANya nahIM hai to usake kAraNa hone vAlA vyavahAra avisaMvAdI kaise hogA ? dRzya evaM vikalpya kSaNoM meM ekatva kA adhyavasAya karane se yadi saMvAditva svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to yaha saMvAditva timiraroga se grasta puruSa ke jJAna kI bhAMti vAstavika nahIM hai, apitu 160. draSTavya, pariziSTa- ka

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104 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA upacarita hai| isalie anupacarita avisaMvAditva ko pramANa kA lakSaNa mAnanA abhISTa ho to samyagartha nirNaya ko pramANa mAnanA caahie|161 samIkSaNa jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM ke 'pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnam' pramANalakSaNa kA khaNDana karate hue use bauddha tattvamImAMsA meM bhI anucita ThaharAyA hai / akalaGka,vidyAnanda,prabhAcandra,vAdidevasUri Adi sAre jaina dArzanikoM ne yadyapi bauddhoM ke prabhAva se hI pramANa ko avisaMvAdaka mAnA hai, kintu ve avisaMvAdakatA ko nizcayAtmakatA meM phalita karate haiM tathA avisaMvAdakatA kA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka athavA nityAnityAtmaka artha ko mAnate haiM / bauddhoM kI kSaNikavAdI tattvamImAMsA meM dRzya evaM prApyakSaNa ke atyanta bhinna hone ke kAraNa usameM pramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA siddha nahIM hai| avisaMvAdakatA kA artha hai-pradarzita artha kI prApakatA / arthAt jisa artha kA jJAna huA hai vaha vaisA hI prApta ho to jJAna kI avisaMvAdakatA surakSita rahatI hai,yadi jaise artha kA jJAna huA,vaise vaha prApta na ho to jJAna visaMvAdaka kahalAtA hai / jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki bauddha tattvamImAMsA meM jo artha dRSTa hotA hai, vaha kSaNika hone ke kAraNa uttara kSaNa meM naSTa ho jAtA hai, ataH vaha dRSTa artha prApta nahIM hotA,koI anya hI artha prApta hotA hai / isalie bauddha tattvamImAMsA meM pramANa kA avisaMvAdaka honA siddha nahIM hotA hai| vastutaH bauddha dArzanika pramANa ko sAMvyavahArika dRSTi se avisaMvAdI mAnate haiM,pAramArthika dRSTi se nahIM / jaina dArzanikoM ne jo khaNDana kiyA hai, vaha bauddhoM kI pAramArthika dRSTi se kiyA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra pramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA pAramArthika dRSTi se honI cAhie,tabhI avisaMvAdaka jJAna ko pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa nirUpita kiyA jA sakatA hai / pramANa kA yaha sAMvyavahArika lakSaNa bauddhoM ke anumAnapramANa meM hI ghaTita ho pAtA hai,pratyakSa-pramANa meM nahIM / vastutaHpratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka mAnakara usameM avisaMvAdakatA siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi sAMvyavahArika dRSTi se saMtAna kA adhyavasAya mAnakara avisaMvAdakatA siddha kI jAtI hai to pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha sAMvyavahArika dRSTi se kathaJcit savikalpaka siddha hotA hai / pramANa kA savikalpaka evaM vyavasAyAtmaka honA jaina dArzanikoM ko iSTa hai,kyoMki avisaMvAdakatA ko usI meM phalita kiyA jA sakatA hai, nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM nhiiN| anumAna ko bauddha dArzanikoM ne sAMvyavahArika dRSTi se hI pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai, kyoMki pAramArthika dRSTi se vaha prAnta jJAna hai / bhrAnta hone ke kAraNa jainadArzanika bauddha kalpita anumAnapramANa meM bhI paramArthataH avisaMvAdakatA svIkAra nahIM krte| anumAnapramANa pratyakSapUrvaka hotA hai,kyoMki liGganizcaya pratyakSajanya vikalpa se hotA hai / pratyakSa meM jaba taka saMvAdakatA siddha nahIM hotI taba taka anumAna-pramANa meM bhI jJAna ko saMvAdaka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 161. pramANamImAMsA, pR06-7

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda 105 jaina dArzanika prameya artha ko nityAnityAtmaka mAnate haiM,sarvathA nitya evaM sarvathA anitya nhiiN| unake mata meM paryAya kI dRSTi se artha anitya hai,evaM dravya dRSTi se nitya / ataH pramANa kA avisaMvAdI honA anekAntavAda ke anusAra jainamata meM bhI kathaJcit hI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai,sarvathA nhiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vyAvahArika dRSTi se hI jainamata meM pramANa avisaMvAdaka hotA hai,paramArthataH nhiiN| kintu jaina dArzanikoM dvArA pramANa ko savikalpaka,vyavasAyAtmaka evaM saMvyavahAra ke lie upayogI mAnane ke kAraNa saMvAdakatAgata ve doSa nahIM Ate jo bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA mAnya nirvikalpaka pratyakSa evaM bhrAntajJAna rUpa anumAna-pramANa meM Ate haiN| tRtIya lakSaNa kA parIkSaNa tRtIya pramANa-lakSaNa arthasArUpya kA jaina dArzanikoM ne sabala khaNDa kiyA hai, kyoMki unake anusAra jJAna meM arthAkAratA kA honA saMbhava nahIM hai / isa khaNDana kI carcA SaSTha adhyAya meM pramANa ke phala kA nirUpaNa karate samaya kI gayI hai / 162 prAmANyavAda bauddha evaM jaina darzana pramANa ke prAmANya evaM aprAmANya ke nizcaya ko abhyAsa dazA meM svataH tathA anabhyAsa dazA meM parataH svIkAra karane meM ekamata haiM / pramANabhUta jJAna kA prameya se avyabhicarita honA pramANa kA prAmANya hai tathA prameya se vyabhicarita honA usakA aprAmANya hai / 163 dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to pramANa kI artha se avisaMvAditA hI usakA prAmANya hai evaM artha se visaMvAda honA usakA aprAmANya hai / 164 prAmANya evaM aprAmANya ko lekara bhAratIya darzana meM gahana vicAra haA hai / mImAMsA dArzanika pramANa meM prAmANya kA jJAna svataH evaM aprAmANya kA jJAna parataHmAnate haiM / 165 nyAya dArzanika prAmANya evaM aprAmANya donoM kA jJAna parataH mAnate haiN| jisa jJAna se prameya jJAta huA hai usase hI yadi jJAna kA prAmANya jJAta hotA hai to use svataH prAmANya kahA gayA hai evaM usake prAmANya kA jJAna karane ke lie yadi anya jJAna yA artha kI apekSA hotI hai to use parataHprAmANya kahA gayA hai / ___ jaina evaM bauddha dArzanika isa bAta para ekamata haiM ki abhyAsadazA meM prAmANya evaM aprAmANya kA jJAna svataH hotA hai tathA anabhyAsadazA meM parataH hotA hai / yadyapi sarvadarzanasaGgraha evaM buddhisTa laoNjika meM bauddhoM ke eka bhinna mata kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai,66 jisake anusAra prAmANya kA jJAna parataH evaM 162. draSTavya, SaSTha adhyAya meM pramANa kI arthAkAratA kA khaNDana , pR.368-378 163. jJAnasya prameyAvyabhicAritvaM prAmANyam / tditrttvpraamaannym|-vaadidevsuuri pramANanayatattvAloka, 1.18 164. vstusNvaadHpraamaannymbhidhiiyte|-tttvsNgrh, 2958 165. svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gmytaam| na hi svato 'satI zaktiH kartumanyena pAryate ||-shlokvaartik, codanAsUtra, zloka 47 166.(1) sarvadarzanasaGgraha, pR0 279 (saugozvaramaM svataH) (2) zcerabAtskI, Buddhist Logic, Vol. I, p. 66

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA aprAmANya kA jJAna svataH hotA hai, kintu bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne spaSTarUpeNa prAmANya evaM aprAmANya ko svataH evaM parataH donoM prakAra kA ghoSita kiyA hai| 167 'kamalazIla ne mImAMsakoM dvArA upasthApita prAmANya evaM aprAmANya ke cAra vikalpoM kA nirdeza diyA hai / 168 (1) prAmANya evaM aprAmANya donoM kA svataH honA (2) prAmANya evaM apramANya donoM kA parataH honA (3) prAmANya kA parataH evaM aprAmANya kA svataH honA tathA (4) prAmANya kA svataH evaM aprAmANya kA parata. honaa| mImAMsakoM ne inameM se cauthA vikalpa apanAyA hai, kintu kamalazIla bauddha prAmANyavAda kA nirdeza karate hue kahate haiM ki inameM se hameM koI bhI vikalpa abhISTa nahIM hai| hamAre anusAra to prAmANya evaM aprAmANya donoM kahIM svataH evaM kahIM parataH ho sakate haiM, ataH hameM inakA aniyama pakSa abhISTa hai / 169 aniyamapakSa kA abhiprAyaH saMbhavataH abhyAsa dazA meM prAmANya evaM aprAmANya donoM kA svataH tathA anabhyAsadazA meM donoM kA parataH honA hai| / 106 dharmakIrti ne pratyakSa kA kalpanApoDha lakSaNa nirdiSTa karate samaya pratyakSa kI siddhi kisI anya pramANa meM nahIM, apitu pratyakSa se hI svIkAra kI hai 170, kintu kadAcit aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki pratyakSa se arthakriyA kA jJAna na ho yA samAropa ho to usakA anumAna ke dvArA yA arthakriyA jJAna ke dvArA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| 171 sArAMza yaha hai ki arthakriyA ke anurodha se hI pramANa kA prAmANya nizcita hotA hai,172 cAhe vaha svataH ho yA parataH / bauddha prAmANyavAda kA spaSTa saMketa hameM pramANavArtika kI manorathanandI dvArA kI gayI vRtti meM milatA hai / manorathanandI kahate haiM ki arthakriyAvabhAsaka pratyakSa svataH arthakriyAnubhavAtmaka hotA hai isalie usameM prAmANya kI siddhi karane ke lie anya arthakriyA kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai isalie vaha svataH pramANa hai / isameM arthakriyA kI paramparA kA anusaraNa karane vAlA anavasthA doSa bhI nahIM AtA hai tathA jahAM anabhyAsa dazA meM sandigdhaprAmANya hotA hai vahAM utpatti meM usake arthakriyA jJAna se athavA anumAna se prAmANya kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| 1 isa prakAra prAmANya svataH evaM parataH donoM prakAra se upapanna hai / 173 1 167. tattvasaMgraha, 2960-2961 evaM paJjikA / 168. tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, 2810-11, pR0 903 / 169. na hi bauddhereSAM caturNAmekatamopi pakSo'bhISTa; aniyamapakSasyeSTatvAt / tathAhi ubhayamapyetatkiJcit svataH kiJcit parata iti / - tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, 3122 pR0 981 / 170. (1) pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhaM pratyakSeNaiva sidhyati / - pramANavArtika, 2.123 (2) svarUpasya svato gatiH / - pramANavArtika, 1.6 171. prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa / - pramANavArtika, 1.7 172. arthakriyAnurodhena pramANatvaM vyavasthitam / - pramANavArttika, 2.58 173. arthakriyAnirbhAsaM tu pratyakSaM svata evArthakriyAnubhavAtmakam, na tatra parArthakriyApekSyata iti tadapi svato nizcitaprAmANyam / ata evArthakriyAparamparAnusaraNAdanavasthAdoSo'pi duHstha eva / yattvanabhyastadazAyAM saMdigdhaprAmANyam, tasyArthakriyAjJAnAd anumAnAdvA prAmANyaM nizcIyate / - pramANavArttika, 1.3, pR0 4 utpattI .

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pramANa-lakSaNa aura prAmANyavAda 107 jaina dArzanikoM ne prAmANya evaM aprAmANya kI utpatti evaM unakI jJapti para pRthak rUpeNa vicAra kiyA hai / vAdidevasUri ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki prAmANya evaM aprAmANya donoM kI utpatti parataH hotI hai tathA jJapti abhyAsadazA meM svataH evaM anabhyAsadazA meM parataH hotI hai / 174 jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra jJAna ke nimitta indriyAdi ke doSa ke kAraNa jJAna meM aprAmANya utpanna hotA hai usI prakAra indriyAdi ke nirduSTa hone para jJAna meM prAmANya bhI utpanna hotA hai / 175 jJAna ke prAmANya yA aprAmANya kI parIkSA prameya ke Azrita hotI hai| jJAna meM aisI koI vizeSatA nahIM hai ki usameM binA indriyAdi bAhya kAraNoM ke aprAmANya utpanna ho ske|76 do candramAoM ke dikhAI dene rUpa aprAmANya jisa prakAra cakSu indriya ke doSa se hotA hai usI prakAra cakSu indriya ke nirdoSa yA nirmala hone para ekacandrajJAna meM prAmANya bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai / 177 vAdidevasUri ke pUrva mANikyanandI ne bhI prAmANya ke nizcaya ko svataH evaM parataH batalAyA hai|178 prabhAcandra ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki abhyAsa dazA meM jJAna kA prAmANya jJAta karane ke lie kisI bhinna jJAna yA vastu kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, abhyAsa ke kAraNa hama usI jJAna se prameya kA avyabhicarita jJAna kara lete haiM tathA anabhyasta dazA meM yA saMzayAdi kI sthiti meM jJAna kA prAmANya jAnane ke lie kisI bhinna jJAna yA arthakriyA saMvAda kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai / 179 hemacandrAcArya ne bhI jJAna kA prAmANya svataH evaM parataH donoM prakAra se upapanna batalAyA hai|180 jaina darzana meM vAdidevasUri kRta prAmANya evaM aprAmANya kI utpatti tathA jJapti ke siddhAnta ko sarvAdhika AdaramilA hai / paM. sukhalAlasaMghavI ne bhI vAdidevasUri kRta sthApana ko pUrNatayA jainaparamparA kA dyotaka batalAyA hai / 181 kintu DA. sAgaramala jaina prAmANya evaM aprAmANya kI utpatti ko ekAntataH parataH mAnanA ucita nahIM samajhate haiM / sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki "ve sabhI jJAna jinakA jJeya jJAna se bhinna nahIM haiM,unake prAmANya kI utpatti svataHhI hotI hai / 182 prAmANya ke nizcaya ke saMdarbha meM bhI ve likhate hai ki sakalajJAna, pUrNajJAna aura AtmagatajJAna meM jJAna ke prAmANya kA nizcaya svataH hogA, 174. tadubhayamutpattau parata eva jJaptau tu svataH paratazceti |-prmaannvaarttik (mana), 1.21 175. draSTavya (1) prabhAcandra kRta svataH prAmANya parIkSA, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 436 (2) syAdvAdaralAkara, pR0240-242 / 176 svasmin vyabhicAritvAsambhavAt / tena sarvaM jJAnaM svApekSayA pramANameva na pramANAbhAsaH / - syAdvAdaratnAkara , pR0 240.8 177. yathaiva hyaprAmANyalakSaNaM viziSTa kArya kAcakAmalAdidoSalakSaNaviziSTebhyazcakSurAdibhyo jAyate tathA prAmANyamapi guNavizeSaNaviziSTebhyo vishessaabhaavaat|-prmeykmlmaartnndd, bhAga-1, pR0 409 / 178. tatrAmANyaM svataH paratati |-priikssaamukh, 1.13 179. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 450 180. pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.8 evaM vRtti / 181. pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa, pR017 182. jainabhASAdarzana, pR0 88.6

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108 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jabaki vikalajJAna,apUrNajJAna,nayajJAna aura vastugata jJAna meM usakA nizcaya parataH hogA / pAramArthika pratyakSa ke dvArA hone vAle jJAna meM usake prAmANya kA bodha svataH hogA jabaki vyAvahArika pratyakSa aura anumAnAdi meM prAmANya kA bodha svataH aura parataH donoM prakAra se sambhava hai / 183 sAgaramala jaina ke kathana se pratIta hotA hai ki vAdidevasUri ne jJAna meM prAmANya yA aprAmANya kI utpatti kA nirUpaNa bAhya prameya kI dRSTi se kiyA hai, Atmagata jJAna kI dRSTi se nahIM / jJapti kA pratipAdana bhI abhyAsa evaM anabhyAsadazA ke AdhAra para sAmAnya loka-vyavahAra ke Azrita kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| ___jo bhI ho,bauddha evaM jaina dArzanikoM ne mImAMsakoM ke svataHprAmANyavAda kA jamakara khaNDana kiyA hai tathA ekAntataH parataH prAmANyavAda kA bhI yathAvasara pratiSedha kiyA hai| donoM sampradAyoM ke dArzanikoM ne svataH evaM parataH donoM prakAra se prAmANyavAda kA nizcaya svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH bauddha evaM jaina prAmANyavAda meM virodha nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kisI bhI jaina dArzanika ne bauddha prAmANyavAda ko apanI AlocanA kA viSaya nahIM banAyA hai tathA bauddha dArzanikoM ne bhI jaina prAmANyavAda kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai| 183. jainabhASAdarzana, pR0 88.20-24

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tRtIya adhyAya pratyakSa-pramANa pratyakSa-pramANa ko pramANavAdI samasta dArzanika svIkAra karate haiN| pramANa ko asvIkAra karane vAle nAgArjuna, zrIharSa, jayarAzibhaTTa Adi kucha dArzanikoM ke atirikta nyAya,vaizeSika,mImAMsA, bauddha, sAMkhya, cArvAka Adi sabhI bhAratIya darzana-prasthAna pratyakSa- pramANa kA pratipAdana karate haiN| pratyakSa ko pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue bhI unameM usake svarUpa ko lekara matabheda rahA hai / sAMkhya, nyAya,mImAMsA Adi darzanoM ne aindriyaka jJAna ko athavA indriyoM ko pratyakSa pramANa kI zreNI meM rakhA hai,jabaki bauddha evaM jaina dArzanika aindriyaka evaM atIndriya donoM prakAra ke jJAnoM ko pratyakSa-pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / ve pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnane ke kAraNa indriya evaM usake padArtha ke sAtha hue sannikarSa ko pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM rakhate haiN| pratyakSa ko ye donoM darzana sphuTa evaM sAkSAtkArI jJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue bhI nirvikalpakatA evaM savikalpakatA ko lekara gaharA matabheda rakhate haiN| bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa-pramANa nirvikalpaka jJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jainadArzanika ise heyopAdeya buddhi meM sahAyaka na hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM / jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra nizcayAtmaka arthAt savikalpaka jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai,nirvikalpaka jJAna nhiiN| jainadarzana meM jJAna ke pUrva 'darzana' kA honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai,jo bauddhoM ke nirvikalpaka jJAna se kucha sAdRzya rakhatA hai, kintu jainadArzanika nirvikalpaka jJAna ko pramANa na mAnane ke kAraNa 'darzana' ko pramANa kI koTi se bAhara rakhate haiM / __ jaina-bauddha paramparA meM pratyakSa-pramANa ke viSaya meM kyA cintana rahA hai, ise prastuta karate hue Age jainadArzanikoM dvArA bauddhoM ke kalpanApoDha athavA nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kI samAlocanA prastuta kI jaaegii| bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa-pramANa pratyakSa-lakSaNa bauddhadarzana meM kramika vikAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa tIna prakAra ke pratyakSa-lakSaNa milate haiN| prathama lakSaNa vasubandhu dvArA nirUpita hai, jisake anusAra artha se utpanna jJAna pratyakSa hai| diinAga ne isa lakSaNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA kalpanA se rahita jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai| yaha pratyakSa kA dvitIya lakSaNa kahA jA sakatA hai| tRtIya lakSaNa dharmakIrti ne diyA hai jisake anusAra pratyakSapramANa kalpanArahita hone ke sAtha abhrAnta bhI hotA hai| 1. vasubandhu kA pratyakSa-lakSaNa vasubandhu ne 'vAdavidhi' meM pratyakSa kA lakSaNa diyA hai, jisakA ullekha evaM khaNDana udyotakara ke 1. Seven works of Vasubandhu, p.40

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA nyAyavArtika' tathA diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya meM prApta hotA hai| vAdavidhi meM pradatta lakSaNa ke anusAra vahI jJAna pratyakSa hai jo artha se utpanna huA hai| jisa artha ko jisa jJAna se vyapadiSTa kiyA jAtA hai, yadi vaha jJAna usI artha se utpanna hotA hai to pratyakSa hai, anyathA nahIM " / yathA kisI jJAna ko ghaTa jJAna kahA jAya, aura vaha yadi ghaTa se utpanna ho to vaha ghaTa kA pratyakSa kahalAyegA / isa prakAra vasubandhu kA pratyakSa-lakSaNa arthAzrita athavA AlambanAzrita hai, indriyAzrita nahIM / dinAga ne vAdavidhi meM varNita pratyakSa-lakSaNa kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki yadi Alambana se utpanna hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA jAyegA to smRti, anumAna, abhilASa Adi jJAna bhI anya Alambana kI apekSA nahIM karate, ataH pratyakSa kA yaha lakSaNa smRtyAdi jJAnoM meM bhI ativyApta ho jAyegA / 110 2. diGnAgIya pratyakSa- lakSaNa 7 diGnAga ne pratyakSa ko akSAzrita nirUpita kiyA hai| ve pratyakSa zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahate 'akSamakSaM prati vartata iti pratyakSam arthAt jo jJAna indriya ke Azrita yA sannikarSa se utpanna hotA hai vaha pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai / diDnAga ke anusAra pratyakSajJAna kalpanA rahita hotA hai| isalie unhoMne kalpanApoDha ko pratyakSa kA lakSaNa kahA hai' / kalpanA kA artha hai, nAma, jAti, kriyA, dravya Adi kI yojanA / 9 kalpanApoDha hone para bhI pratyakSa pramANa jJAnAtmaka hotA hai| ise diGnAga ke TIkAkAra jinendrabuddhi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra 'avatsA dhenu ko lAo' isa kathana meM vatsa kA niSedha karane para bhI godhenu kA bodha hotA hI hai, isI prakAra kalpanA kA niSedha karane para bhI jJAna kA bodha hotA hI hai, kyoMki jJAna hI kalpanA se yukta hotA hai| ataH kalpanA kA niSedha karane se usase rahita jJAna kA bodha hotA hai| isa prakAra dinAga ke anusAra jJAna do prakAra kA kahA jA sakatA hai- 1. kalpanAyukta arthAt savikalpaka aura 2. kalpanA rahita arthAt nirvikalpaka / inameM se jo jJAna kalpanArahita hotA hai vahI diGnAga ke anusAra pratyakSa pramANa hai / 2. nyAyavArtika, 1.1.4 3. pramANasamuccaya, 1.15 4. tato'rthAdvijJAnaM pratyakSam / 5. yadvijJAnaM yena viSayeNa vyapadizyate tat tanmAtrAdutpadyate / nAnyataH / tato'nyatazca na bhavatIti tajjJAnaM pratyakSam / - pramANasamuccayaTIkA, pR0 34 6. AlambanaM ced smRtyAdijJAnaM nAnyadapekSate / pramANasamuccaya, 1.16 7. masAkI hattaur3I ke Dignaga, on perception, p. 77 para ise diGnAga ke nyAyamukha, pR0 3 bI 17 (cInI anuvAda) kA vAkya batalAyA gayA hai / tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, pR0 456, dharmottarapradIpa, pR0 38.26 para bhI yaha vAkya uddhRta hai| 8. pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhaM nAmajAtyAdyasaMyutam |-prmaannsmuccy, 1.3 9. atha keyaM kalpanA nAmajAtyAdi yojanA Dignaga, on perception, pramANasamuccayavRtti, 3 10. kalpanApoDhamiti nirdezenApi tajjJAnAtmakamiti gamyate / jJAnameva yataH kalpanAsaMsRSTaM tasmAt tatpratiSedhena tadeva pratIyate avatsAdhenurAnIyatAmiti yathA vatsapratiSedhena godhenoreva / pramANasamuccayaTIkA, pR09-10

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pratyakSa-pramANa 111 diinAga ke mata meM kalpanA-diinAga ke anusAra kalpanA kA artha hai jJAna meM nAma,jAti, guNa, kriyA evaM dravya kI yojanA krnaa|11 yathA yadRcchA zabdoM meM yaha Ditya hai' isa prakAra kisI viziSTa artha ko Dittha nAma se yukta karanA nAma yojanA rUpa kalpanA hai / jAti zabdoM meM yathA yaha gAya hai' isa prakAra gAya zabda kA prayoga karanA jAti yojanA rUpa kalpanA hai / isI prakAra guNa zabdoM meM yaha zukla hai' isa prakAra zukla guNa kA yojana karanA guNayojanA rUpa kalpanA hai, kriyA zabdoM meM yathA 'yaha kriyA se rasoiyA hai' isa prakAra kriyA kI yojanA karanA kriyA rUpa kalpanA hai tathA dravya zabdoM meM yathA yaha daNDI hai',athavA viSANI hai' isa prakAra kA prayoga karanA dravya yojanA rUpa kalpanA hai / 12 diDnAga ina pAMcoM prakAra kI kalpanA se rahita jJAna ko pratyakSa-pramANa kI saMjJA dete haiN|13 diGnAga dvArA nAmAdi yojanA rUpa kalpanA kA niSedha karane ke pIche abhidharmakozavyAkhyA Adi graMthoM ke do kathana mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| yathA (1) cakSarvijJAna-samar3I nIlaM vijAnAti no tu nIlamiti / (2) arthe'rthasaMjJo natvarthe dharmasaMjJIti / inameM prathama vAkya kA artha hai cakSurvijJAna se jAnane vAlA puruSa nIla arthako jAnatA hai ,kintu use yaha nIla hai' isa rUpa meM nahIM jAnatA / nIla ko jAnanA kalpanA rahita hai, 'yaha nIla hai' isa rUpa meM kathana karanA athavA jAnanA kalpanAyukta hai / pratyakSa-pramANa palpanArahita hotA hai ,ataHusameM nIla kA jJAna hote hue bhI yaha nIla hai' isa rUpa meM jJAna nahIM hotA / dvitIya vAkya 'arthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe dharmasaMjJI' bhI isI prakAra kA hai| artha meM artha kA jJAna honA pratyakSa hai, kintu artha meM dharma kA arthAt nAma kA jJAna honA 15 vikalpAtmaka hone se pratyakSa nahIM hai| diinAga kA mantavya hai ki artha meM zabda nahIM hai 16 jisase artha kA jJAna hone para zabda bhI pratibhAsita hoN| 3.dharmakIrtIya pratyakSa-lakSaNa dharmakIrti saMbhavataHdiinAgapraNIta lakSaNa ko paryApta nahIM mAnate haiM isalie unhoMne pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM kalpanApoDha ke atirikta 'abhrAnta' pada kA bhI sanniveza kiyA hai| ve usI jJAna ko pratyakSa-pramANa mAnate haiM jo kalpanA se rahita evaM abhrAnta ho / dharmakIrti kA kathana hai ki kabhI koI 11. nAmajAtyAdiyojanA - Dignaga, on perception, pramANasamuccayavRtti, 3 12. yadRcchAzabdeSu nAmnA viziSTo'rtha ucyate Ditya iti / jAtizabdeSu jAtyA gauriti / guNazabdeSu guNena zukla iti / __kriyAzabdeSu kriyayA pAcaka iti / dravyazabdeSu dravyeNa daNDI viSANIti / -Dignaga, on perception, pramANa samuccayavRtti ,C evaM pramANasamuccayaTIkA, pR0 12 13. yauSA kalpanA nAsti tatpratyakSam | Dignaga, on perception, pramANasamuccayavRtti, C 14. (i) Dignaga, on perception, pramANasamuccayavRtti Da, a -2, abhidharmakozavyAkhyA, pR0 64.22-23 (ii) dvAdazAranayacakra (ja) bhAga 1 pR060-61 15. dharmoM nAmocyate nAmakAyaH padakAyo vyNjnkaayH|- dvAdazAranayacakra (ja) bhAga-1, pR0 62 16. anyetvarthazUnyaiH zabdaiH |-prmaannsmuccyttiikaa, pR0 12, Dignaga on perception, pramANasamuccayavRtti, C 17. tatra pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhamaprAntam / - nyAyabindu, 1.4

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jJAna kalpanA rahita hote hue bhI indriya vikAra ke kAraNa bhrAnta ho sakatA hai / 18 usa prAntajJAna kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie unhoMne abhrAnta' pada kA sanniveza karanA Avazyaka samajhA / pramANa-lakSaNa kA vivecana karate samaya yaha saMketa kara diyA gayA thA ki dharmakIrti ke mata meM avisaMvAdI evaM abhrAnta pada ekArthaka nahIM hai| unake mata meM prAntajJAna bhI avisaMvAdI ho sakatA hai,yathA anumAna-pramANa / isalie abhrAnta pada kA pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM pRthaktayA sanniveza karanA unako Avazyaka pratIta huaa| dharmakIrti ke pratyakSa-lakSaNa kA dharmottara, zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne pUrNataH samarthana kiyA hai, tathA usakI vizada evaM vistRta carcA kI hai| dharmottara ne pratyakSa zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue indriyAzrita jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai,2deg kintu pratyakSa ke isa lakSaNa meM mAnasa,yogI evaM svasaMvedana pratyakSoM kA samAveza nahIM ho pAtA ataH ve ise vyutpattinimitta lakSaNa mAnakara pravRttinimita lakSaNa pradAna karate haiM,tadanusAra ve artha ke sAkSAtkArI jJAna ko pratyakSa-pramANa mAnate haiN|21 AcArya zAntarakSita ne dharmakIrti kI bhAMti kalpanApoDha evaM abhrAntajJAna ko hI pratyakSa kahA hai 22 tathA kamalazIla ne usake aucitya ko pradarzita kiyA hai| dharmakIrti ke lakSaNa meM prayukta kalpanA evaM abhrAnta zabdoM kA kyA artha hai tathA 'abhrAnta' pada ke sanniveza kA aucitya hai yA nahIM ,isa para vicAra apekSita hai| dharmakIrti ke mata meM kalpanA dinAga to nAma,jAti,guNa, kriyA evaM dravya Adi kI zabda -yojanA karane ko kalpanA mAnate haiM,kintu dharmakIrti unase bhI eka caraNa Age bar3ha gaye haiN| ve abhilApa arthAt vAcaka zabda ke saMsarga yogya pratIti ko hI kalpanA zabda se abhihita kara dete haiM, yathA-'abhilApasaMsargayogyapratibhAsA pratItiH kalpanA,22 / dharmakIrti ke dvArA abhilApa ke saMsarga yogya pratibhAsa rUpa pratIti ko kalpanA kahane se kumArila bhaTTa dvArA nirUpita nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / kumArila bhaTTa ne bAlaka evaM mUka puruSa ke jJAna ko nirvikalpaka mAnA hai, kyoMki usameM zabda yojanA nahIM hotI , - 18. aashryopplvodbhvm| - avikalpakamekaM ca pratyakSAbhaM ||-prmaannvaartik 2.288 19. draSTavya, dvitIya adhyAya, pR.72 evaM tAtIya adhyAya, pR. 121 20. pratyakSamiti pratigatamAzritamakSam / - nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.3, pR0 28 21. yatkiJcidarthasya sAkSAtkAri jJAnaM tat pratyakSamucyate |-nyaaybinduttiikaa 1.3, pR028 22.pratyakSa kalpanApoDhamaprAntam |-ttvsNgrh,1213 23. nyAyabindu, 1.5, pramANavArtika 2.176 meM dharmakIrti 'jAyante kalpanAstatra yatra zabdo nivezitaH' dvArA zabdayojanA ko kalpanA kahate haiN| 24. asti dyAlocanAjJAnaM prathama nirviklpkm| bAlamUkAdivijJAnasadRzaM zuddhavastujam ||-shlokvaartik, pratyakSasUtra, 112

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pratyakSa-pramANa 113 kintu dharmakIrti ke dvArA abhilApa ke saMsargayogya pratibhAsarUpa pratIti ko kalpanA kahane se usakA nirasana ho jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dharmakIrti ne kumArila sammata bAlaka ke nirvikalpaka pratyakSatva kA khaNDana karane hetu hI use kalpanA kI zreNI meM rakhA hai| dharmottara dvArA vyAkhyA dharmottara ne abhilApasaMsargayogya pada meM sthita yogya zabda ke mahattva kA udghATana kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki koI pratIti to abhilApa ke saMsarga se yukta AbhAsa vAlI hotI hai,yathA zabda evaM artha ke saMketa ko jAnane vAle vyakti ko ghaTa zabda se yukta artha kI pratIti hotI hai, kintu koI pratIti vAcaka zabda ke saMsarga se yukta dikhAI nahIM detii| tathApi usakA AbhAsa vAcaka zabda ke saMsarga ke yogya hotA hai, yathA zabda evaM artha ke saMketa se anabhijJa bAlaka ghaTa ko dekhate samaya usake vAcaka 'ghaTa' zabda kI kalpanA nahIM karatA, kintu phira bhI ghaTa kA AkAra vAcaka zabda ke saMsarga ke yogya hotA hai ataH usa bAlaka kI pratIti ko bhI kalpanA hI kahA jaayegaa|25 yadi kalpanA lakSaNa meM 'yogya' zabda kA grahaNa na kiyA jAtA to sadyojAta bAlaka ke abhilApasaMsarga yogya pratibhAsa ko kalpanA nahIM kahA jA sakatA thA / 26 prazna yaha uThatA hai ki vAcaka zabda ke saMsarga kI yogyatA kA nizcaya kaise ho? dharmottara isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki aniyata AkAra vAlA pratibhAsa abhilApa ke saMsarga ke yogya hotA hai|" aniyatAkAra pratibhAsa use kahA jAtA hai jo artha kI sannidhi ke abhAva meM utpanna ho / 28 jo jJAna grAhya artha se utpanna hotA hai vaha to niyata AkAra vAlA hotA hai ,yathA-nIlAdi kA cAkSuSa jJAna / kalpanA jJAna vastu se utpanna nahIM hotA ,ataH vaha aniyatAkAra hotA hai / aniyatAkAra hone se usameM abhilApa ke saMsarga kI yogyatA hotI hai / vikalpa artha se utpanna nahIM hotA hai / jisa prakAra bAlaka jaba taka dRzyamAna stana ko yaha vahI hai' isa taraha pUrvadRSTa stana ke rUpa meM nahIM pahacAna letA hai, taba taka ronA banda nahIM karatA hai tathA stanoM para mukha nahIM lagAtA hai| pUrvadRSTa stana to vahAM nahIM hotA phira bhI usakA vikalpa utpanna hotA hai / isa prakAra artha kI sannidhi ke na hone para bhI vikalpa utpanna ho sakatA hai / vaha pUrvadRSTa evaM pazcAt dRSTa stanoM meM ekatA mAnakara dUdha pInA Arambha karatA hai|29 dharmottara ke mata meM indriyajJAna sannihita artha kA hI prAhaka hotA hai, ataH vaha arthasApekSa hotA 25. yadyapi abhilApasaMsRSTAbhAsA na bhavati tadaharjAtasya bAlakasya kalpanA, abhilApasaMsargayogyapratibhAsA tu bhvtyev| -nyAyavinduTIkA, 1.5, pR044 26.dharmakIrti keTIkAkAra manoracanandI ne yogya zabda kAAdAna nahIM kiyaa| 'vAcyavAcakAkArasaMsargavatI pratItiH kalpanA' ke dvArA unhoMne vAcya evaM vAcaka ke AkAra ke saMsarga se yukta pratIti ko kalpanA kahA hai|-prmaannvaartik (mana) 2.126, pR0138 27. asatyamilApasaMsarge kuto yogyatAvasitiriti cet / aniyatapratibhAsatvAt / -nyAyavinduTIkA , 1.5, pR0 45 28. arthasannidhinirapekSatvAt / - nyAyavinduTIkA, 1.5 pR0 46 29. nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.5, pR0 46

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114 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hai| usakI utpatti artha-sAnnidhya ke binA nahIM hotI ,isalie use niyata-pratibhAsa vAlA mAnA gayA hai| niyata pratibhAsa AkAra vAlA hone se vaha abhilApa ke saMsarga yogya nahIM hotaa| saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to dharmottara yaha dikhAnA cAhate haiM ki jo jJAna artha ke binA,usakI sannidhi ke binA utpanna ho jAtA hai vaha aniyata AkAra vAlA hotA hai| aniyata AkAra vAlA hone se usameM abhilApa ke saMsarga kI yogyatA pAyI jAtI hai 3deg tathA jo jJAna artha kI sannidhi se utpanna hotA hai usameM niyata AkAra kA pratibhAsa hotA hai ataH usameM abhilApa ke saMsarga kI yogyatA nahIM hotii| jisameM abhilApa ke saMsarga kI yogyatA hotI hai vaha kalpanA jJAna hai tathA jisameM yaha nahIM hotI hai vaha pratyakSa jJAna athavA pratyakSa-pramANa hai| prazna yaha uThatA hai ki vAcya -vAcaka saMsarga kI yogyatA to svalakSaNa meM bhI hotI hai taba usake pratyakSa ko kalpanA rahita kaise kahA jA sakatA hai / isalie vinItadeva ne dharmakIrti ke kalpanA-lakSaNa meM abhilApa zabda kA artha vAcya sAmAnya Adi kiyA hai| unake anusAra artha sva-lakSaNa vAcya nahIM hotA tathA zabda svalakSaNa vAcaka nahIM hotA,apitu sAmAnya hI vAcya tathA vAcaka hote haiM / isa prakAra avAcya evaM avAcaka jo svalakSaNa hai usakA grAhaka hone se indriyajJAna nirvikalpaka hotA hai|32 ___ dharmottara ke anusAra svalakSaNa meM bhI vAcya-vAcaka bhAva ho sakatA hai,kintu vastubhAva se utpanna hone ke kAraNa vaha nirvikalpaka hotA hai tathA svalakSaNa meM vAcya-vAcaka bhAva svIkAra karake hI pratyakSa ko kalpanApoDha kahA gayA hai|33 svalakSaNa kA indriyajJAna niyata pratibhAsa vAlA hone se abhilApa ke saMsarga yogya nahIM hotA, ataH nirvikalpaka hotA hai|34 yahAM dharmottara ne eka zaMkA uThAyI hai / indriyajJAna meM to zrotravijJAna bhI hai jisakA viSaya zabda svalakSaNa hai / yadi zabda svalakSaNa ko kiJcit vAcya tathA vAcaka mAna liyA jAya aura kalpanA kA 30. asannihitaviSayaM cArthanirapekSam / anapekSaM ca pratibhAsaniyamahetorabhAvAd aniyatapratibhAsam / tAdRzaM cAbhilApasaMsa yogyam / -nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.5, pR0 47 31. abhilapyate ityabhilApaH vAcyaH sAmAnyAdiH / -nyAyabinduTIkATippaNI pR0, 51.6, Buddhist Logic, Vol. 2 p. ___19 evaM nyAyabinduTIkA (hindI vyAkhyA) pR. 43 para uddhRta 32.(1' vinItadevena sAmAnyayorvAcyavAcakabhAvamaGgIkRtya nirvikalpakatvamindriyavijJAnasya prtipaaditm|-nyaaybindu TIkATippaNI, pR0 23-24, uddhata, nyAyabinduTIkA (hindI vyAkhyA), pR.49 (pUrvaM vyAkhyAtRbhiH asAmarthyavaiyAbhyAM svalakSaNasya saMketayitumazakyatvAdavAcyavAcakatvam / avAcyAvAcakasva lakSaNagrAhitvAccendriyavijJAnamavikalpakamiti vyAkhyAtam / dharmottarapradIpa, pR052 33.(1) ataeva svalakSaNasyApi vAcyavAcakabhAvamabhyupagamya etadavikalpakatvamucyate |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.5 pR048 (2) vastutaH bauddha-nyAya ke siddhAntAnusAra sAmAnyoM kA hI vAcyavAcaka sambandha hotA hai / yathA kahA hai - paramArthataH sAmAnyayoreva vAcyavAcakatvaM nArthazabdavizeSasya / - nyAyabinduTIkATippaNI, pR0 23, uddhRta , nyAyabinduTIkA, (hindI vyAkhyA) pR. 49 (3) na vizeSeSu zabdAnAM pravRttAvasti sambhavaH |-prmaannvaartik, 2.127 34. na cendriyavijJAnamadhena niyamitapratibhAsatvAd abhilApasaMsargayogyapratibhAsaM bhavatIti nirvikalpakam / - nyAyabindu TIkA 1.5, pR048

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pratyakSa-pramANa artha "vAcaka zabda ke saMsarga kI yogyatA" samajhA jAya to zrotrajJAna ke savikalpaka hone kI Apatti AtI hai / isa zaMkA kA svayaM dharmottara samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki zabda svalakSaNa meM vAcya-vAcaka bhAva mAnane para bhI saMketa kAla meM jAne gaye (tarap tamapa ko "gha" kahate haiM ityAdi rUpa meM ) zabdoM kA smaraNa na ho taba taka yaha jJAna savikalpaka nahIM hotaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki saMketa kAla meM jAnA gayA zabda svalakSaNa isa samaya nahIM hai ataH pUrvakAla meM dekhe gaye saMketa ko nahIM dekhatA huA zrotrajJAna vAcya-vAcaka bhAva kA grahaNa nahIM karatA hai / 35 saMkSepa meM isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki zrotrajJAna kA viSaya zabda svalakSaNa hai / pUrvagRhIta saMketoM kA yadi vidyamAna zabda svalakSaNa meM grahaNa nahIM hotA hai to usase hone vAlA zrotrajJAna bhI nirvikalpaka hI hotA hai| yogijJAna meM to eka sAtha samasta zabdoM evaM unake arthoM kA jJAna hotA hai, ataH yogi-jJAna ke bhI savikalpaka hone kA prasaMga AtA hai,kintu dharmottara ke anusAra yahAM bhI zrotrajJAna vAlI yukti se hI samAdhAna hotA hai|36 yukti hai - jo jJAna gRhyamANa vastu kA saMketa kAla meM dekhe gaye rUpa se grahaNa nahI karatA,vaha vAcya-vAcaka bhAva kA grAhaka nahIM hotaa| 37 vAcyavAcakabhAva ke abhAva meM jo pratyakSa hotA hai vaha nirvikalpaka hotA hai| prajJAkaragupta ne vizeSaNa Adi ke sambandha se yukta vastu ke pratibhAsa kI pratIti ko kalpanA kahA hai|38 zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ke mata meM kalpanA zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne yadyapi abhilApinI pratIti ko kalpanA kahA hai39 tathApi ve dharmakIrtIya kalpanA ke svarUpa se sahamata pratIta hote haiN| dharmakIrti kI bhAMti ve bhI zabda ke prayoga ke binA bhI zabdArtha-ghaTanA ke yogya pratIti ko kalpanA mAnate haiN| zAntarakSita kahate haiM- sadyojAta bAlaka meM atIta janma kI zabdArthAbhyAsa rUpa vAsanA kA anvaya rahatA hai ata:usameM bhI abhilApinI pratIti hotI hai| kamalazIla ne kahA hai ki haMsanA,ronA,stanapAna karanA,prasanna honA Adi kAryoM 35. tataH pUrvakAladRSTatvamapazyacchotrajJAnaM na vAcyavAcakabhAvagrAhi / - nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.5, pR050 36. anemaiva nyAyena yogijnyaanmpi| nyAyavindaTIkA. pa050 37. isa yukti kA ullekha duveMka mitra ne kiyA hai - yajJAnaM saMketakAlaviSayatvaM gRhyamANasya na gRhNAti, na tad ___ vAcyavAcakabhAvagrAhi / - dharmottarapradIpa, pR0 54 / / 38. vizeSaNAdisambandhavastupratibhAsA pratItiH kalpanA / - pramANavArtikabhASya, pR0 245 39. abhilApinI pratItiH kalpanA / - tattvasaGgraha, 1213 40. zabdArthaghaTanAyogyA vRkSa ityAdirUpataH / yA vAcAmaprayoge'pi sAbhilApeva jAyate / / tattvasaGgraha,1214 41. atiitbhvnaamaarthbhaavnaavaasnaanvyaat| sadyo jAto'pi yadyogAditikartavyatApaTuH / / tattvasaGgraha,1215

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116 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA (iti kartavyatA) meM bAlaka bhI catura hotA hai ataH usameM bhI kalpanA kA anumAna hotA hai|42 zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne diGnAga nirUpita kalpanA svarUpa kI bhI carcA kI hai / nAma. jAti, guNa, kriyA evaM dravya rUpa pAMca kalpanAoM meM ye donoM dArzanika nAma kalpanA ko pramukha mAnate haiN| jAtyAdi kA vAstavika astitva nahIM hone se unheM ye heya pratipAdita karate haiN|43 jAtyAdi ko yadi kalpanA mAnakara unakA kathana kiyA jAya to bhI nAmayojanA karanI par3atI hai| " kamalazIla ne 'ucyate' zabda para bala diyA hai tathA nAmayojanA se hI use sArthaka mAnA hai| yathA- 'jAtyA viziSTo'rtha ucyate gauH' ityAdi vAkyoM meM jo 'ucyate' pada hai vaha nAma athavA zabda yojanA kI ora saMketa karatA hai|45 'abhrAnta' pada ke prayoga para mata-bheda diDnAga - asaMga ne pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM abhrAnta' pada kA grahaNa kiyA thaa|46 kintu diGnAga ne use apane lakSaNa meM sthAna nahIM diyA / zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne tattvasaGgraha evaM usakI paJjikA meM diinAga dvArA abhrAnta pada kA sanniveza nahIM karane kA kAraNa diyA hai|47 ve kahate haiM ki pItazaMkhAdi kA bhrAnta jJAna bhI diinAga mata meM pratyakSa hai / zAntarakSita ne kahA hai ki zveta zaMkha ke sthAna para pItazaMkha kA jJAna bhramarUpa hai tathApi arthakriyA ke avisaMvAdI hone se diDnAgamata meM usakI pramANatA hai |kmlshiil kahate haiM pItazaMkha jJAna liGgajanya nahIM hai ,ataH use anumAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA tathA zaMkha rUpa meM avisaMvAdI hone se use apramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| diGnAga ke isa mata kA zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla donoM ne khaNDana kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai pItazaMkha jJAna avisaMvAdI nahIM hai ,kyoMki pIta kA pratibhAsa athavA adhyavasAya hone para pIta zaMkha 42. itikartavyatAyAM smitaruditastanapAnapraharSAdilakSaNAyAM paTuH caturo bhavati, ato'nayA kAryabhUtayA yathoktA kalpanA bAlasyApyanumIyata eva / - tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA, 1215 vAkyapadIya meM bhI isI prakAra kahA gayA hai, kamalazIla ne ise uddhata kiyA haiitikartavyatA loke sarvA shbdvypaashryaa| yAM pUrvAhitasaMskAro bAlo'pi pratipadyate ||vaakypdiiy,1.121 43. tatra heyA jAtyAdiyojanA paraprasiddhakalpanA / tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA,1220 pR.451 44. jAtyAdiyojanA zabdayojanA'vyabhicAriNI / - tattvasaMgraha, 1232 45. zabdayojanayA sarvA yojanA vyAptA / ata eva cAcArgIyam 'jAtyA viziSTo ucyate gauH' ityAdiSu yad 'ucyate ' iti vacana tat saphalaM bhavet / anyathA vinA nAmnA katham 'ucyate' iti syAt abhidhAnakriyAyAH zabdadharmatvAt / -ttvsNgrhpNjikaa,pR.455|| 46. Buddhist Logic, Vol. 1,p. 155 47. pItazaMkhAdibuddhInAM viprame'pi pramANatA / arthakriyA'visaMvAdAdapare smprcksste|||-tttvsNgrh,1323 kecitta svayUthyA evAbhrAntagrahaNaM necchanti ; bhrAntasyApi pItazaMkhAdijJAnasya pratyakSatvAt / tathAhi - na tadanumAnam ; aliGgajatvAt / pramANaMca avisaMvAditvAt / ata evAcAryadiGnAgena lakSaNe na kRtamabhrAntagrahaNam - tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, 1323, pR.482

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pratyakSa-pramANa 117 prApta nahIM hotA, apitu zveta zaMkha prApta hotA hai, ullekhanIya hai ki prajJAkaragupta ne zaMkha rUpa meM usa jJAna ko avisaMvAdI mAnA hai tathA pItajJAna ko visaMvAdI mAnA hai| pramANasamuccaya meM diinAga ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki bhrAnti sadA mAnasika hotI hai,aindriyaka nahIM / pratyakSAbhAsa ko ve kalpanAjanya mAnate haiN|5deg zverabAtskI ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki tIna kAraNoM se diinAga ne pratyakSa- lakSaNa meM abhrAnta' pada kA prayoga nahIM kiyA-(1) bhrAnti kalpanAjanya hotI hai,kyoMki vaha nirNayAtmaka hotI hai jabaki pratyakSa sadaiva kalpanA rahita hotA hai / ata: usameM aprAnta pada ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| (2) diinAga apane pratyakSa-lakSaNa ko bAhyArthavAda evaM vijJAnavAda donoM ke anukUla banAnA cAhate the| aprAnta pada kA prayoga karane para yaha lakSaNa vijJAnavAda meM saMgata nahIM rahatA hai / kyoMki usameM sabhI Alambana prAnta hote haiM / (3) 'aprAnta' pada ke aneka artha lagAye jA sakate the / ataH isa pada kA prayoga pratyakSa-lakSaNa ke lie ghAtaka siddha hotaa|51 dharmakIrti-dharmakIrti ne pratyakSAbhAsa meM nirvikalpaka prAnti ko indriya janya mAnA hai|52 unake mata meM indriya meM vikAra utpanna hone ke kAraNa indriyajanya prAnti utpanna hotI hai / prAnti ko mAtra manojanya mAnane kA ve khaNDana karate haiM tathA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki bhrAnti indriya ke vikAra ke kAraNa hotI hai,53 yathA eka candra meM do candroM kI prAnti indriyajanya hai| yadi dvicandra jJAna meM mAnasI prAnti hotI to jisa prakAra rajju Adi meM saMsthAnasAmya se utpanna sarpAdi kI prAnti kA nirAkaraNa usakA pratyakSa hone para ho jAtA hai usI prakAra pratyakSa dvArA akSavikAra rahate hue bhI dvicandra prAnti kA nirAkaraNa ho jAnA cAhie, kintu indriyavikAra ke rahate hue dvicandra bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa nahIM hotaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki dvicandra prAnti indriyavikAra janya hai| 54 isa prakAra kI prAnti kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hI dharmakIrti ne nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM aprAnta' pada kA saMyojana kiyA hai| nyAyabindu meM dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki timira, AzubhramaNa, nauyAna, saMkSobha Adi se jisa 48. tatrAdhyavasitAkArapratirUpA na vidyate / tatrApyarthakriyAvAptiranyathA'tiprasajyate ||-ttvsNgrh, 1324 tatrehana yathApratibhAsamavisaMvAda : pItasya pratibhAsanAt tasya tathA bhUtasyAprApte: / nApi yacAdhyavasAyamavisaMvAda: pItasyaiva, viziSTArthakriyAkAritvenAdhyavasAyAtUnaca tadrapArthakriyAprAptirasti / -tatvasaMgrahapaJjikA, 1324, pR. 483 49. pramANavArtikabhASya, pR.5 50. isakI carcA pratyakSAbhAsa meM kI gayI hai| draSTavya, pR. 121 evaM pAdaTippaNa, 75 51. Buddhist Logic, Vol. I, pp.155-157 52. pramANavArtika, 2.288 53. pramANavArtika, 2.294 54. sAdiprAntivaccAsyA:sthAdakSavikRtAvapi / nivRttina nivateta nivRtte'pyakSaviplave ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.297

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118 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kalpanArahita jJAna meM bhrama utpanna nahIM ho,vaha jJAna pratyakSa hai| dharmakIrti yahAM timirAdi-janya pramoM kA ullekha karanA cAhate hai, kintu unake TIkAkAra dharmottara ne ina samasta bhramoM ko aindriyaka vikAra utpanna karane vAlA mAnA hai|56 unakA kathana hai ki indriya ke vikRta hue binA indriya-pratyakSa meM prAnti saMbhava nahIM hai|57 dharmakIrti dvArA kahe gaye ina pramakAraNoM ko dharmottara ne cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai,yathA indriyagata, viSayagata, bAhyAzrayagata evaM AdhyAtmika aashrygt|"timir roga se netroM meM vikAra utpanna hone ke kAraNa jo prAnti hotI hai vaha indriyagata prAnti kA udAharaNa hai / alAta Adi ke zIghra ghUmane ke kAraNa usameM cakra ke dikhAI dene kI jo bhrAnti utpanna hotI hai vaha viSayagata bhrAnti kA kAraNa hai / calatI huI nAva meM baiThe vyakti ko bAhya vRkSAdi ke calane kA jo bhrama hotA hai vaha bAhyAzraya gata bhrAnti kA udAharaNa hai / vAta,pitta evaM kapha ke saMkSobha (prakopa) ke kAraNa jalate hue stambha Adi kI jo bhrAnti hotI hai vaha Abhyantara bhrAnti kA udAharaNa hai| ina prAntiyoM kA vargIkaraNa kara lene ke pazcAt bhI dharmottara isa bAta para dRr3ha haiM ki ina samasta prAntiyoM kA kAraNa indriya meM hI utpanna vikAra hai / indriya ke vikRta hone se hI ye bhrAntiyAM hotI haiM / ina bhrAntiyoM meM dharmottara ne aura bhI udAharaNa jor3a diye haiM ,yathA pIliyA ke rogI ko samasta vastueM pIlI dikhane kA bhrama ,alAta yA mazAla ke zIghra lAne evaM le jAne se agnivarNa ke daNDabhAsa kI prAnti aadi|11 dharmottara ne yaha spaSTa pratipAdita kiyA hai ki dharmakIrtIya pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM abhrAnta' pada kA artha avisaMvAdaka nahIM hai / avisaMvAdakatA to pratyakSa ke samyagjJAna rUpa hone ke kAraNa usameM svataHprApta hai / ataH pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM avisaMvAdakatA kA punaH kathana karanA niSpayojana hai| vinItadeva kamalazIla 62Adi bauddha naiyAyikoM ne aprAnta kA artha avisaMvAdaka kiyAhai,jo dharmottara ke tarka se khaNDita ho jAtA hai| dharmottara ne abhrAnta kA artha karate hue kahA hai ki jo jJAna arthAtrayA meM samartha grAhya vastu svarUpa se aviparIta hotA hai use aprAnta jJAna samajhanA caahie|63 sanniveza upAdhi se yukta paramANusaMghAta hI arthakriyA meM samartha vastu hotI hai| usa vastu ke jJAna meM bhrama nahIM honA hI 55. tayA rahitaM timirAzubhramaNanIyAnasaMkSobhAdyanAhitavipramaM jJAnaM pratyakSam |-nyaaybindu, 1.6 56. sarvereva ca vidhamakAraNairindriyaviSayabAhyAdhyAtmikAyagatairindriyameva vikartavyam / nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.6 pR. 53 57. avikRte indriye indriyaprAntyayogAt |-nyaayvinduttiikaa, pR.53 58. draSTavya, upari pAdaTippaNa, 56 evaM nyAyabinduTIkA, pR. 52 59. nyAyabinduTIkA 1.6, pR.53-54 60.na tu avisaMvAdakamaprAntamiha gRhItavyam / yata: samyagjJAnameva pratyakSaM nAnyat / tatra samyagjJAnatvAdevA'visaMvAdakatve labdhe punaravisaMvAdakagrahaNaM niSprayojanameva |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.4, pR.41 61. aprAntamiti yadvisaMvAdi na bhavati / - nyAyabinduTIkA, pR. 37 para uddhRta 62. abhrAntamatrAvisaMvAditvena draSTavyam |-tttvsNgrhpjjikaa,1311,pR.475 63. tasmAd grAhye'rthakriyAkSame vasturUpe yad aviparyastaM tadaprAntamiha veditavyam |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.4, pR. 41 64. arthakriyAkSamaM ca vasturUpaM sannivezopAdhivarNAtmakam |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.4, pR. 34

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pratyakSa-pramANa 119 aprAnta honA hai| __ ve kahate haiM ki calate hue vRkSa kA dikhAI denA Adi jJAna prAnta hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa|65 yadyapi yaha jJAna kalpanA se rahita hone ke kAraNa nirvikalpaka hai tathA vRkSa mAtra kI prApti hone ke kAraNa avisaMvAdaka bhI hai,tathApi vRkSa calate hue rUpa meM prApta nahIM hotA hai isalie usakA calate hue dikhAI denA bhrAnta jJAna hai ,ataH yaha pratyakSa nahIM,apitu mithyAjJAna hai / yadi koI zaMkA kare ki vRkSa kI prApti hone para bhI isa jJAna ko prAnta kaise kahA jA sakatA hai,to dharmottara usakA tatparatA se samAdhAna karate haiM ki draSTA ko nAnAdezagAmI vRkSa dikhAI detA hai,jabaki use prApti ekadeza meM sthita vRkSa kI hotI hai / jisa deza yA sthAna meM vRkSa dikhAI detA hai usa sthAna meM usa vRkSa kI prApti nahIM hotI tathA jisa sthAna meM vRkSa dikhAI nahIM detA usa sthAna meM vRkSa kI prApti hotI hai, ataH isa jJAna se vastutaH kisI artha kI prApti nahIM hotI hai; jJAnAntara se hI vRkSAdi artha prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra dharmottara prAnta jJAna kI nivRtti ke liye pratyakSa -lakSaNa meM abhrAnta' pada ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM tathA arthakriyA meM samartha grAhya vastu ke jJAna ko hI abhrAnta kI saMjJA dete haiN| dharmottara yadyapi abhrAnta pada kA artha avisaMvAdakatA se bhinna rUpa meM prastuta karanA cAhate haiM kintu unakI abhrAntatA avisaMvAdakatA se Atyantika rUpeNa pRthak nahIM ho pAyI hai / arthakriyA meM samartha grAhya vastu kA aviparIta jJAna eka prakAra se avisaMvAdaka jJAna hI hai / hAM,eka antara avazya pratIta hotA hai,vaha yaha ki dharmottara anumAna ko prAnta jJAna mAnane para bhI use artha kA adhyavasAyaka hone ke kAraNa samyagjJAna athavA pramANa mAnate haiM, kintu pratyakSa meM ve grAhya vastu ke aviparIta grahaNa para bala dete haiM / arthakriyA meM samartha grAhya kA aviparIta grahaNa pratyakSa jJAna ke lie Avazyaka hai| sthira vastu kA sthira rUpa meM grahaNa honA evaM gatizIla vastu kA gatizIla rUpa meM grahaNa honA pratyakSa kI aprAntatA hai| zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla- zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne dharmakIrti ke pratyakSa-lakSaNa kA samarthana kiyA hai ataH ve kalpanApoDha ke sAtha abhrAntapada kA sanniveza bhI Avazyaka mAnate haiN|67 zAntarakSita ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki yadi 'aprAnta' pada kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jAya to kezoNDuka Adi kA jJAna bhI nirvikalpaka hone se pratyakSa kI zreNI meM AtA hai| 68 kamalazIla kahate haiM ki abhrAnta kA artha yahAM avisaMvAdI hai / yadi abhrAnta kA artha yathAvasthita Alambana Adi ke AkAra 65. nyAyabinduTIkA 1.4, pR. 36-38 66. prAntaM hanumAnaM svapratibhAse'na'dhyavasAyena pravRttatvAt / pratyakSaM tu grAhye rUpe na viparyastam / nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.4, pR. 40 67. pratyakSa kalpanApoDhamaprAntam / - tattvasaMgraha 1213 evaM paJjikA 68. kezoNDakAdivijJAnanivRttyarthamidaM kRtam / aprAntagrahaNaM taddhi prAntatvAnneSyate pramA ||-ttvsNgrh 1311

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA meM lete haiM to pratyakSa-lakSaNa yogAcAra mata meM ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki yogAcAra mata meM Alambana Adi asiddha hai| avisaMvAdI artha meM pratyakSa-lakSaNa sautrAntika ke sAtha yogAcAra mata meM bhI ghaTita hai / 69 isa prakAra kamalazIla ne 'kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM pratyakSam ' pratyakSa lakSaNa ko abhrAnta pada kA avisaMvAdI artha karake vijJAnavAda evaM bAhyArthavAda donoM meM ghaTita kiyA hai| 120 kamalazIla kA kathana hai ki indriya- pratyakSa meM jo bhrAnti hotI hai vaha manojanya nahIM hotI / manojanya bhrAnti mAnasa - pratyakSa meM hotI hai, yathA svapnajJAna spaSTa pratibhAsita hone ke kAraNa nirvikalpaka hotA hai, kintu abhrAnta nahIM hotA / ataH mAnasa- pratyakSa meM hone vAlI bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa bhI abhrAnta pada se hotA hai / kintu indriyajanya bhrAnti bhI saMbhava hai| indriyoM meM vikAra hone para yA unake upahata hone para indriya-pratyakSa meM bhrAnti ho sakatI hai| kezoNDUka Adi ke jJAna meM indriyaja bhrAnti hI hai|71 manobhrAnti to usakA kAraNa nivRtta hone para nivRtta ho jAtI hai / yathA rajju meM sarpa kI bhrAnti usakA pratyakSa hone para nivRtta ho jAtI hai, kintu indriyajanya bhrAnti aindriyaka vikAra kA nivAraNa na ho taba taka banI hI rahatI hai| 72 Adhunika vidvAnoM kA mata - dharmakIrti ke pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM prayukta 'abhrAnta' pada ke sambandha sAtakar3i mukarjI kA mata hai ki dharmakIrti dvArA abhrAnta pada kA prayoga anAvazyaka rUpa se kiyA gayA hai tathA pratyakSa kA diGnAgIya lakSaNa paryApta hai / 3 zverabAtskI spaSTarUpeNa apanA koI mata nahI dete haiM, kintu abhrAnta kA avisaMvAda artha grahaNa karane para ve use anAvazyaka mAnate hue pratIta hote haiM / 74 pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM 'abhrAnta' pada ke sanniveza ke aucitya athavA anaucitya kA nirNaya karane ke lie pratyakSAbhAsa ko bhI samajhanA Avazyaka hai| isalie aba pratyakSAbhAsa kI carcA ko jA rahI hai / 69. abhrAntamatrAvisaMvAditvena draSTavyam / na tu yathA'vasthitAlambanAkAratayA / anyathA hi yogAcAramatenAlambanAsiddherubhayanayasamAzrayeNeSTasya pratyakSalakSaNasyA'vyApitA syAt / -- tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, 1311, pR. 479 70. mAnasasyApi yogijJAnAde:, tatra ca svapnAntikasyApi nirvikalpakatvamasti spaSTapratibhAsitvAt / tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA 1311, pR. 480.13-14 71. indriyajeyaM kezoNDrakAdibuddhi: / - tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, 1311, pR. 480.18 72. (i) yadi manobhrAntiH syAt tato mano bhrAntereva kAraNAnnivartetA' nivRtte'pyakSaviplave / sarpAdi bhrAntivaditi dRSTAntaH / - tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, 1311, pR. 480.19.20 (ii) zAntarakSita sarpAdibhrAntivaccedamanaSTe'pyakSaviplave / - nivarteta manobhrAnteH spaSTaM ca pratibhAsanAt // tattvasaMgraha, 1313 93. It has become perfectly clear that Dignaga's definition of perception is complete and sufficient by itself. The addition of the adjective 'abhrant' has no logical necessity or justification. - The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal flux, p.280 74. Buddhist Logic, Vol. 2, p.18

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pratyakSa-pramANa 121 pratyakSAbhAsa AcArya diinAga ne cAra prakAra ke pratyakSAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, 75 yathA-zrAnti, saMvRtisatjJAna, anumAnAnumAnika evaM sataimira / (1) prAnti-yathA marU-marIcikA meM jalAdi kI kalpanA (2) saMvRtisat jJAna- svalakSaNa rUpa paramArthasat meM arthAntara kA Aropa kara usake svarUpa kI kalpanA karanA (3) anumAnAnumAnika jJAna-yathA pUrvadRSTa meM ekatva kI kalpanA karane se liGgAnumeyAdi kA jJAna / smRtijJAna, zAbdajJAna Adi kA bhI isameM samAveza ho sakatA hai / (4) sataimira - kamalazIla ne timira zabda ko ajJAna kA paryAya mAnA hai tathA ajJAna meM hone vAle visaMvAdaka jJAna ko sataimira kahA hai / 6 jinendrabuddhine indriya ke upadhAta se utpanna jJAna ko timirAdi jJAna kahA hai, kintu masAkI hatauDI ke anusAra jinedrabuddhi para dharmakIrti kA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai, "kyoMki pUrvavartI dharmakIrti ne spaSTarUpeNa Azrayopaplava (indriyopaghAta) se utpanna jJAna ko saumira pratyakSAbhAsa kahA hai|79 dharmakIrti ne ina cAra pratyakSAbhAsoM meM se prathama tIna ko kalpanAjJAna mAnA hai tathA caturtha ko avikalpaka pratyakSAbhAsa ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| deg diinAga ne prathama tIna kalpanA jJAnoM kI hI vyAkhyA kI hai.antima sataimira kI nahIM / ataHmasAkI hataur3I kA mata hai ki diGnAga ko tIna hI prakAra ke pratyakSAbhAsa abhISTa the| tIna prakAra ke pratyakSAbhAsa kA AdhAra ve vAdavidhi ko mAnate haiM,jahAM bhrAntijJAna,saMvRtijJAna evaM anumAna jJAna kA nirUpaNa hai / masAkI hatauDI kA kathana hai ki diinAga ne sataimira zabda ko pratyakSAbhAsa kA vizeSaNa banAyA hai / use pRthak pratyakSAbhAsa ke rUpa meM nirUpita nahIM kiyaa|82 diinAga ne nyAyadarzana ke pratyakSalakSaNa meM sthita avyabhicAri pada ko anAvazyaka siddha kiyA hai,kyoMki indriya evaM artha ke sannikarSa se utpanna jJAna unake mata meM vyabhicAra rahita hI hotA hai| diinAga kA yaha kathana isa bAta ko mAnane ke lie bAdhya karatA hai ki unheM mAnasa prAnti hI 75. prAntiH saMvRtisajjAnamanumAnAnumAnikam / ___ smArtAbhilASikazeti pratyakSAbhaM smirm||-prmaannsmuccy, 1.8 / / 76. satamiramiti tu timirazabdo'yamajJAnaparyAya : / 'timiranaM ca mandAnAmiti yathA / timire bhavaM taimiraM visaMvA dakamityarthaH / tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, pR. 483 77. Dignaga, on perception, p. 95.36 78.bid, p.96 79. Azrayopaplavodbhavam |-prmaannvaartik, 2.288 80. trividha kalpanAjJAnamAtrayopaplavodbhavam / ___ avikalpakamekaM ca pratyakSAbhaM cturvidhm||-prmaannvaartik 2.288 81. Dignaga, onperception, p.95.41 82. Ibid, p.96.3 83. indriyArthasannikaSAtpannaM jJAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam |-nyaaysuutr , 1.1.4

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122 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA abhISTa hai,indriyajJAna meM ve kisI prakAra kI bhrAnti nahIM mAnate haiM / 4 dharmakIrti ne indriyajJAna meM bhrAnti ko balapUrvaka siddha kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne nirvikalpaka ke sAtha pratyakSa kA abhrAnta honA bhI Avazyaka mAnA hai| pratyakSa kI prakriyA dharmakIrti ne pramANavArtika meM pratipAdita kiyA hai ki saba ora se cintana athavA vikalpa ko sameTa kara zAnta citta se yukta puruSa cakSu se rUpa ko dekhatA hai to indriyajanya pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai / 5 dharmakIrti yahAM pratipAdita karanA cAhate haiM ki vikalpAvasthA meM kiyA gayA indriyajanya jJAna savikalpaka hone se pratyakSa koTi me nahIM AtA / ataH jaba bhI indriyAdi pratyakSa-jJAna karanA ho to hameM apane Apako samasta vikalpAvasthAoM se pare honA caahie| vimUDha puruSa ko bhrama - nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke anantara-kSaNa meM vikalpa kA udaya hotA hai| nirvikalpa evaM savikalpa avasthAoM meM mana kI avyavadhAna pUrvaka yugapad vRtti jAnakara vimUDha jJAtA puruSa savikalpa evaM nirvikalpa avasthAoM meM bheda nahIM kara paataa| avikalpa evaM savikalpa avasthAoM ke zIghra hone ke kAraNa bhI kabhI use donoM meM ekatva kA jJAna hotA hai|86 jisa prakAra alAta (agni yukta jalatI lakaDI) ko ghumAye jAne para usameM cakra kA bhrama ho jAtAhai usI prakAra vimUDha pratipattA ko nirvikalpa evaM savikalpa jJAna meM ekatA kA bhAsa hotA hai / vastutaH nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka donoM avasthAeM bhinna bhinna haiN| nirvikalpaka avasthA kA viSaya paramArtha sat svalakSaNa hai jabaki savikalpa avasthA kA viSaya Aropita artha athavA sAmAnyalakSaNa hai| pratyakSa kI siddhi - dharmakIrti ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki pratyakSa kI siddhi ke lie kisI anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai,apitu svasaMvedana rUpa pratyakSa se hI vaha siddha hotA hai / 7 pratyakSa-pramANa ke bheda pratyakSa-pramANa cAra prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai - (1) indriyapratyakSa, (2) manovijJAna (mAnasapratyakSa),(3) svasaMvedana pratyakSa evaM (4) yogipratyakSa / indriya pratyakSa 'akSamakSaM prati vartata iti pratyakSam' diinAga ne pratyakSa zabda kI yaha jo vyutpatti kI hai" vaha 84. Dignaga, on perception, p.97 85.saMhatya sarvatazcintAM stimitenaantraatmnaa| sthito'pi cakSuSA rUpamIkSate sAkSajA matiH ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.124 86. manasoH yugapavRtteH savikalpAvikalpayoH / vimaDho laghavattervA tayorekyaM vyavasyati |-prmaannvaartik.2.133 87. pratyakSa kalpanApoDhaM pratyakSeNaiva sidhyati / pramANavArtika, 2.123 88. dharmottarapradIpa, pR0 38.26, Dignaga on perception, p. 77 para ise nyAyamukha, pR0 37.17 para evaM tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, pR0373.27 para bhI dikhAyA gayA hai|

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pratyakSa-pramANa 123 mukhyataH indriyajanya jJAna ko iGgita karatI hai / isI prakAra dharmottara ke dvArA kI gayI vyutpatti "pratigatamAzritam akSamiti pratyakSam" bhI indriyAzrita jJAna ko pratyakSa jJAna ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karatI hai / 9 cAra prakAra ke pratyakSoM meM indriya-pratyakSa lokavyavahAra kI dRSTi se pramukha pratIta hotA hai| diinAga ne pramANasamuccaya meM eka prazna uThAyA hai ki pratyakSa jJAna kI utpatti indriya evaM viSaya (artha) donoM ke adhIna hai , phira use viSaya ke AdhAra para prativiSaya nahIM kaha kara pratyakSa kyoM kahA jAtA hai ?9deg isakA samAdhAna abhidharmakoza meM hai 91 jise diinAga ne bhI prastuta kiyA hai / diDnAga kA kathana hai ki asAdhAraNa kAraNa ke AdhAra para vyapadeza kiyA jAtA hai / pratyakSa jJAna meM indriyA~ asAdhAraNa kAraNa haiM,ataHunake AdhAra para isa jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA gayA hai|92 viSaya to indriyajJAna ke sAtha manovijJAna,yogijJAna Adi meM bhI sAdhAraNa kAraNa hai ataH viSaya ke AdhAra para "prativiSaya" vyapadeza nahIM kiyA gayA / 93 dharmakIrti ne kahA hai ki gamakatva ke AdhAra para vyapadeza kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ indriyA~ gamaka haiM tathA viSaya (artha) gamya / ataH gamaka ke AdhAra para pratyakSa vyapadeza kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra nyAyadarzana meM indriya ko pratyakSa pramANa mAnA gayA hai usa prakAra bauddha nyAya meM nahIM / bauddhanyAya ke anusAra indriyajJAna pratyakSa pramANa hai, indriya nahIM,kyoMki jJAna hI artha kA prApaka evaM usameM pravartaka hotA hai| saMkSepa meM zrotrAdi pAMca indriyoM se hone vAlA artha kA kalpanApoDha evaM abhrAnta jJAna indriya pratyakSa kahA jA sakatA hai / zrotra,cakSu,ghrANa, rasanA evaM tvak ina pAMca indriyoM meM se bauddha darzana ke anusAra ghrANa,rasanA evaM tvak ye tIna indriyA~ artha ko prApta karake hI unakA jJAna karAtI haiM, ataH ye tInoM prApyakArI haiM, kintu zrotra evaM cakSu ye do indriyA~ artha ke kiJcid dUrastha hone para unakA jJAna karAne meM sakSama hotI haiM, ataH ye donoM aprApyakArI haiM / 95 bauddhadarzana meM pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa evaM anumAna kA viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa hai / prazna hotA hai ki indriyadvArA kSaNika svalakSaNa kA paramANu ke rUpa meM grahaNa hotA hai athavA paramANuoM ke saJcita rUpa meM ? indriyoM dvArA paramANu rUpa meM kSaNika.svalakSaNa kA pratyakSa honA zakya pratIta nahIM hotA, 89. nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.3, pR0 28 90. atha kasmAd dvayAdhInAyAmutpattau pratyakSamucyate na prativiSayam / -Dignaga, on perception, saMskRta TeksTa, Da 91. tadvikAravikAritvAdAzrayAcakSarAdayaH / __ ato'sAdhAraNatvAcca vijJAnaM tairnirucyate ||-abhidhrmkosh, 1.45 92. asAdhAraNahetutvAdakSaistadvyapadizyate / -pramANasamuccaya, 4 93. pramANasamuccayavRtti, pR014 | 94. pramANavArtika, 2.192 95. () cakSuHzrotravijJAnayorapi yasmAt pratyakSatvamiSyate, tayozca sannikarSajatvaM na saMbhavati |-prmaannsmuccyttiikaa, pR0 42 (ii) tatazcAprApyakAritvAt yabauddhaHzrotracakSaSoH / lakSaNavyAptisiddhayartha saMyogo neti kIrtyate / / -zlokavArtika, pratyakSasUtra, 40

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124 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kyoMki cAkSuSa jJAna dvArA paramANu dikhAI nahIM dete haiM ,96 ataH bauddhadarzana meM pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa svIkAra karate hue bhI Alambana ke saMcita rUpa ko athavA aneka arthoM (svalakSaNa paramANuoM) se janya sAmAnya svalakSaNa ko pratyakSa kA viSaya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| "saJcitAlambanAH paJcavijJAnakAyA:" bauddhoM kA prasiddha siddhAnta hai / diGnAga ne ise "tatrAnekArthajanyatvAt svArthe sAmAnyagocaram" kahakara puSTa kiyA hai| aneka arthoM arthAt svalakSaNa paramANuoM se janya svalakSaNa samudAya kA pratyakSa dvArA jJAna hotA hai / diGnAga ne yahAM jo sAmAnya zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai vaha samudAya kA bodhaka hai,naiyAyikAdi ke sAmAnya kA nahIM / dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki samudAya ko saJcita kahA jAtA hai tathA vahI diDnAga dvArA sAmAnya zabda se kahA gayA hai|98 usa sAmAnya meM hI indriyajJAna hotA hai / dharmakIrti ne yahAM eka AzaMkA prastuta kI hai ki sAmAnya kA jJAna hone ke kAraNa yaha vikalpaka ho jAyegA taba pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hotA hai yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? 99 isa AzaMkA kA nivAraNa bhI svayaM dharmakIrti ne kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki eka paramANu dRzya nahIM hotA, aneka paramANu milakara hI jJAna utpanna karane meM sakSama hote haiM, ataH saJcita aNuoM ko pratyakSa kA viSaya samajhanA cAhie, kintu ye saJcita aNu paramANuoM se pRthak nahIM hai / ataH yahAM sAmAnya zabda paramANuoM se atirikta kA dyotaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa savikalpaka jJAna ko utpanna nahIM karatA / 100 mAnasa pratyakSa indriya-pratyakSa kI bhAMti mAnasa-pratyakSa kA Alambana bhI rUpAdi viSaya hai tathA yaha bhI nirvikalpaka hotA hai evaM jJAnAkAra hokara pravRtta hotA hai / 101 dharmakIrti ne mAnasapratyakSa athavA manovijJAna kA viziSTa lakSaNa diyA hai / yathA indriya jJAna jisakA samanantara kAraNa hai 102 tathA 96. na hi pratyekamaNavo dRshyaaH|-prmaannvaartik (ma.na.) 2.196, pR0 159 97.Dignaga, on perception, saMskRta TeksTa, 4, pramANasamuccaya, raMgAsvAmI ayaMgara, meM ise bhinna rUpa meM kahA gayA hai-'tatra nekArthotpAdAt svArthasAmAnyagocaraH' kA.4 98. saJcitaH samudAyaH sa sAmAnyaM tatra cAkSadhIH |-prmaannvaartik, 2.194 99. sAmAnyabuddhizcAvazyaM vikalpenAnubadhyate / -pramANavArtika ,2.194 100. (i) arthAntarA'bhisambandhAjjAyante ye'nnvo'pre| uktAste saJcitAste hi nimittaM jJAnajanmanaH / / aNUnAM sa vizeSazca nAntareNAparAnaNUn / tadekAniyamAjjJAnamuktaM sAmAnyagocarama / / -pramANavArtika, 2.195-96 (ii) na tu paramANvatiriktasAmAnyaviSayam , tat kathaM sAmAnyaviSayatvAt savikalpakatvaprasaGgaH |-prmaannvaartik, 2.196 para manorathanandivRtti / 101. mAnasamapi ruupaadivissyaalmbnmviklpkmnubhvaakaarprvRttm|- Dignaga, on perception pramANasamuccaya,5 kI vRtti 102. bauddha darzana meM jJAna ke cAra pratyaya (kAraNa) mAne gaye haiM - Alambana pratyaya, sahakArI pratyaya, adhipati pratyaya tathA samanantara pratyaya / jaba nIlAdikA cAkSaSa jJAna hotA hai to usameM nIlAdi Alambana pratyaya hote haiM,prakAzAdi sahakArI pratyaya hote haiM,cakSa indriya adhipati pratyaya / pUrvakSaNa meM utpanna nIlAdikA jJAna jaba uttarakSaNa ke jJAna meM kAraNa banatA hai taba vaha samanantara pratyaya kahalAtA hai / yathA mAnasa jJAna meM indriya jJAna samanantara pratyaya hotA hai, kyoMki pUrvakSaNa meM indriyajJAna evaM uttara kSaNa meM manovijJAna hotA hai|

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pratyakSa-pramANa 125 indriya jJAna ke viSaya(lakSaNa) ke anantarautpanna dvitIya kSaNa jisakA sahakArI kAraNa hai vaha manovijJAna athavA mAnasa pratyakSa hai / 203 saMkSepataH dharmakIrti ke mata meM mAnasa pratyakSa kI nimnAGkita vizeSatAe~ 1. yaha indriya jJAna ke anantara utpanna hotA hai / 2. indriyajJAna ke viSaya kSaNa (svalakSaNa kSaNa) ke anantara utpanna sajAtIya dvitIya kSaNa isakA viSaya banatA hai / 3. indriyavijJAna tathA dvitIya-kSaNa viSaya ke dvArA eka manovijJAna utpanna kiyA jAtA hai / ataH ye donoM paraspara eka kAryakArI sahakArI kAraNa haiM / dharmottara mAnasapratyakSa ko siddhAnta hone se svIkAra karate haiM / anyathA unake mata meM mAnasa-pratyakSa kA sAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai / 10 jitAri ne apane graMtha hetutattvanirdeza meM pratyakSa ke bhedoM meM mAnasa-pratyakSa ko nahIM rakhA hai / 10" isa prakAra kucha bauddha dArzanikoM ke mata meM mAnasa-pratyakSa ayukta hai / zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi dArzanikoM ne mAnasa pratyakSa ko yogijJAna kI zreNI meM rakha diyA hai ;106 jo dharmottara ke anusAra upayukta nahIM hai,kyoMki mAnasapratyakSa meM indriya- pratyakSa samanantara pratyaya hotA hai,jabaki yogijJAna meM vaha Alambana pratyaya hotA hai / svasaMvedana pratyakSa - isameM bAhya padArthoM kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA ,apitu samasta Antarika jJAna evaM sukha-duHkhAdi kA saMvedana hotA hai / diinAga ne svasaMvedana ko mAnasa-pratyakSa kA hI paryAya mAnA hai / aisA prajJAkara gupta ke pramANavArtikabhASya se bhI puSTa hotA hai / prajJAkaragupta ne pramANavArtikabhASya meM aneka sthAnoM para svasaMvedana pratyakSa kA mAnasa pratyakSa ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai|08 bauddha darzana meM pratyeka jJAna meM svasaMvedana hotA hai aisA mAnA gayA hai / sukha ,duHkha,rAga, dveSAdi kA jJAna svasaMvedana pratyakSa dvArA hotA hai / dharmakIrti ne svasaMvedana pratyakSa ko mAnasa pratyakSa se bhinna mAnA hai tathA ise paribhASita karate hue kahA hai -"samasta citta tathA caitta padArthoM kA Atma saMvedana yA svasaMvedana pratyakSa hotA hai / 109 citta kA artha jJAna hai jo artha mAtra kA grAhaka hotA hai tathA citta meM prakaTa hone vAlI sukha 103. svaviSayAnantaraviSayasahakAriNendriyajJAnena samanantarapratyayena janitaM tanmanovijJAnam |-nyaaybindu. 1.9 104. etacca siddhAntaprasiddhaM mAnasaM pratyakSam / na tvasya prasAdhakamasti pramANam / - nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.9, pR060 104. Dignaga, on perception, p.94 106. smstvstusmbddhtttvaabhyaasblodgtm| sArvajJaM mAnasaM jJAnaM mAnamekaM prakalpyate ||-tttvsnggrh,3380 107.maansNcaaraagaadisvsNvittirklpikaa|-Dignaga, on perception,pramANasamuccaya, 6 108(1) mAnasamapyartharAgAdisvarUpasaMvedanamakalpakatvAt prtykssm|-prmaannvaartikbhaassy, pR0303 (2) rAgadveSamohasukhaduHkhAdiSu svasamvedanamindriyAnapekSAtvAmAnasaM pratyakSamiti |-prmaannvaartikbhaassy, pR0 305 (3) sukhAdAnAmApa svasarvadana mAnasa prtykssm|-prmaannvaatikbhaassy, pR0307 109. sarvacittacaitAnAmAtmasaMvedanam |-nyaaybindu, 1.10

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126 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA duHkhAdi rUpa vibhinna avasthAeM caitta haiM / citta evaM caittoM kA jJAna honA svasaMvedana hai / jisa rUpa se (sukha duHkhAdi rUpa se) jJAna ke dvArA apanA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai usa rUpa meM hI usakA Atma-saMvedana rUpa pratyakSa hotA hai / ___ sAMkhya darzana meM jahA~ prakRti ke sukha-duHkha-mohAtmaka hone se nIlAdi bhI sukha-duHkha - mohAtmaka hote haiM vahA~ bauddha mata meM bAhya nIlAdi padArtha sukha-duHkhAtmaka nahIM hote,jJAna hI sukha-duHkhAtmaka hotA hai / ataHjJAna ke sAtha sukha-duHkha kA bhI sva saMvedana pratyakSa hotA hai / 11deg citta evaM caittoM kA jJAna rUpa anubhava apane svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karAtA hai ,sAtha hI vaha kalpanA rahita evaM abhrAnta hai, ataH ise pratyakSa kahA gayA hai / svasaMvedana pratyakSa kI ina vizeSatAoM ko pramANavArtika ke nimnAMkita zlokoM meM isa prakAra gUMthA gayA hai azakyasamayo hyAtmA rAgAdInAmananyabhAk / teSAmataH svasaMvittirnAbhijalpAnuSaGgiNI // athAtmarUpaM na vetti pararUpasya vitkatham |-prmaannvaartik 2.249 evaM 444 arthAt yaha AtmA rAgAdi kA advitIya bhAjana evaM zabda saMketa se rahita hai isalie usakA svasaMvedana hotA hai,kintu usakA zabda se anuSaMga nahIM hotaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jo AtmarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA vaha parapadArthoM ko kaise jAna sakatA hai| yogipratyakSa pratyakSa kA eka bheda yogipratyakSa hai / diGnAga kA kathana hai ki yogI kA jJAna guru,ke nirdeza athavA Agama kI kalpanA se rahita hotA hai tathA isase arthamAtra kA bodha hotA hai / 111 dharmakIrti ke anusAra yaha jJAna cAra Arya satya Adi yathArtha athavA bhUtArtha 112 kA punaH punaH cintana karane se utpanna hotA hai / jaba yathArtha tattvoM ke cintana kA prakarSa ho jAtA hai taba yogipratyakSa jJAna prakaTa hotA hai / 113 yaha vidyamAna vastu ke samAna bhAvyamAna vastu ke sphuTatara AkAra ko bhAsita karatA hai / bhUtArtha kI bhAvanA kA prakarSa sphuTa AbhAsa ke Arambha kI avasthA hai / prakarSa paryanta avasthA vAlA abhraka se vyavahita padArtha ke samAna pUrNataHspaSTa nahIM jAnatA hai ,kintu yogipratyakSa vAlA manuSya bhAvyamAna vastu kA hastAmalakavat spaSTa darzana karatA hai / nizcaya hI yogijJAna spaSTa AkAra vAlA hotA hai ataH nirvikalpaka hai / asannihita vastu kA 110. sukhAdi jJAnAkAra hai isakI siddhi hetu dharmakIrti ne aneka yuktiyAM dI hai / draSTavya, pramANavArtika, 2.266 evaM 274 111. yoginAM gurunirdezA'vyatibhinnArthamAtradRk - Dignaga, on perception, saMskRta TeksTa, 6 112. zcerabAtskI bhUtArtha kA artha paramArthasat (svalakSaNa) bhI karate haiM / draSTavya, Buddhist Logic, Vol. II, p. 31, 113. bhUtArthabhAvanAprakarSaparyanta yogijJAnaM ceti / -nyAyabindu, 1.11 F.N. 1

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pratyakSa-pramANa 127 grAhaka jJAna asphuTAbha hotA hai / ataH savikalpaka hotA hai, kintu yogijJAna saMketakAla meM grahaNa kiye gaye viSaya kA grahaNa nahIM karane se asphuTAbha nahIM hotA / zverabAtskI kA kathana hai ki yogI kA pratyakSa mAnasika jJAna hai / isameM indriyoM ke sahayoga kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / isake pratyakSa koTi meM Ane kA mukhya kAraNa isakI sphuTAbhatA hai|14 yogipratyakSa meM kalpanApoDhatva kI siddhi hetu sphuTAbhatA ko prakArAntara se sthAna diyA gayA hai| dharmottara ne 'sphaTAbhatvAdevaca nirvikalpakam 115 kathana se yahI spaSTa kiyA hai ki sphuTa hone ke kAraNa yogipratyakSa nirvikalpaka hotA hai / jo jJAna vikalpa se yukta hotA hai vaha sphuTa rUpa se artha kA avabhAsana nahIM krtaa| aisA dharmakIrti kA mata rahA hai, yathA - na vikalpAnubaddhasyAsti sphuTAvabhAsitA / 116 vinItadeva ne yogI ke pratyakSa meM kucha divyajJAnoM tathA bhaviSya draSTatva Adi kI bhI gaNanA kI hai , kintu dharmottara ne use chor3a diyA hai / 117 nirvikalpaka pratyakSa dvArA vyavahAra dharmakIrti ne 'prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa 118 kathana dvArA pramANa ko vyavahArAzrita pratipAdita kiyA hai kintu bauddhetara dArzanikoM dvArA yaha prazna uThAyA jAtA rahA hai ki nirvikalpaka pratyakSa dvArA vyavahAra zakya nahIM hai ,kyoMki jaba taka "yaha sukha kA sAdhana hai,athavA yaha duHkha kA sAdhana hai" isakA nizcaya nahIM hotA taba taka usakI prApti athavA parihAra ke lie kaise pravRtta huA jA sakatA hai / 119 zAntarakSita ne isakA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki nirvikalpaka jJAna vikalpa ko utpanna karane meM samartha hotA hai, ataH vikalpotpatti ke dvArA vaha bhI vyavahAra kA aMga bana jAtA hai / 120 AcArya kamalazIla ne zAntarakSita ke kathana kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai / ve kahate haiM ki nirvikalpaka bhI pratyakSa sajAtIya evaM vijAtIya samasta padArthoM se vyAvRtta agni Adi artha ko tadAkAra rUpa utpanna hotA huA jAnatA hai / vaha niyata rUpa se vyavasthita vastu kA grAhaka hotA hai tathA vijAtIya vastuoM se vyAvRtta evaM vastu ke AkAra se anugata hone ke kAraNa usa grAhya vastu meM hI vidhi evaM niSedha kA AvirbhAva karatA hai- " yaha agni hai, phUloM kA stabaka nahIM / ve vidhi evaM niSedha rUpa 114.Buddhist Logic, Vol. II.p.30, FN. 2 115. nyAyavinduTIkA, 1.11. pR066 116. pramANavArtika,2.283 $24. Buddhist Logic, Vol. II. p. 33, F.N. 2 118. pramANavArtika, 1.7 119. tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA,1305, pR0477 120. avikalpamapi jJAnaM vikalpotpattizaktimat / niHzeSavyavahArATaM tadvAreNa bhavatyataH ||-tttvsNgrh, 1305

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128 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vikalpa paramparA se grAhya vastu meM pratibaMdhita hote haiM ataH visaMvAdI hone para bhI bauddhoM ko unakA prAmANya abhISTa hai / 121 zAntarakSita kahate haiM ki dRzya evaM vikalpa kA ekatva adhyavasAya hone se pravRtti (vyavahAra) hone ke kAraNa tathA anadhigata vastu kA adhigama hone ke kAraNa vidhi-niSedha vikalpa kA prAmANya hai| pratyakSa bhI utpanna hokara jisa aMza meM adhyavasAya utpanna karatA hai usakA vahI aMza vyavahAra yogya gRhIta kahA jAtA hai / 12 prAnti ke kAraNa samAropa-pravRtti hone se jisa aMza meM pratyakSa vyavasAya ko utpanna nahIM kara pAtA hai vaha aMza vyavahAra ke ayogya hone ke kAraNa gRhIta hokara bhI agRhIta hI kahA jAtA hai / usa agRhIta aMza meM pratyakSa ke anantara utpanna hone vAlA pratyeka vikalpa pramANa nahIM hotA, apitu jisake dvArA samAropa kA vyavaccheda kiyA jAtA hai vahI vikalpa (anumAna) pramANa hotA hai , yathA zabda kA pratyakSa dvArA grahaNa hone para bhI usakA anityatva aMza agRhIta raha jAtA hai ataH usakA jJAna karane ke liye tathA tadviSayaka samAropa kA vyavaccheda karane ke lie anumAna pramANa pravRtta hotA hai / kamalazIla ne yaha bhI spaSTa pratipAdana kiyA hai ki pratyakSa hote hI rUpAdi artha kA nizcaya nahIM hotA hai / usake nizcaya ke lie abhyAsa arthitva,pATava Adi kAraNoM kI apekSA hotI hai / abhyAsa Adi ke kAraNa hI pitA evaM guru ke samAna hone para bhI pitA ko Ate hue dekhakara mere pitA A rahe haiM, guru nahIM aisA nizcaya hotA hai / 123 jaina darzana meM pratyakSa-pramANa pratyakSa-lakSaNa jainadarzana meM nirUpita pratyakSa -lakSaNa ko kramika vikAsa kI dRSTi se do dhArAoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai-(1) prAcIna Agamika dhArA evaM (2) pramANa-vyavasthA yugIna dhArA / prAcIna Agamika dhArA ke anusAra indriya,mana Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA meM svataH jo jJAna prakaTa hotA hai vaha pratyakSa jJAna hai, indriyAdi kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna parokSa jJAna hai / dvitIya dhArA para jainetara dArzanika dhArAoM evaM lokavyavahAra kI dRSTi kA prabhAva hai,ataH isa dhArA ke dArzanikoM ne indriya evaM 121. pratyakSaM kalAnApoDhamapi sajAtIyavijAtIyavyAvRttamanalAdikamartha tadAkArani sotpattitaH paricchindad utpadyate / tacca niyatarUpavyavasthitavastugrAhitvAd vijAtIyavyAvRttavastvAkArAnugatatvAcca tatraiva vastuni vidhipratiSedhAvAvirmAvayati - "analo'yam, nAsI kusumastabakAdiH iti / tayozca vikalpayoH pArampayeMNa vastuni pratibandhAd visaMvAditve'pi naH prAmANyamiSTamaH dRzyavikalpayorekatvAdhyavasAyena pravRtteranadhigatavasturUpAdhigamAbhAvAt / -tattvasaMgraha palikA, 1305, pR0 477 122. pratyakSamutpannamapi yatrAMze'dhyavasAyaM janayati saevAMzo vyavahArayogyo gRhIta ityabhidhIyate / tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, pR0 478 123. na jhanubhUta ityeva nizcayo bhavati, tasyAbhyAsAdhitvapATavAdikAraNAntarApekSatvAt / yathA janakAdhyApakA 'vizeSe 'pi pitaramAyAntaM dRSTvA 'pitA me Agacchati, nopAdhyAyaH' iti nidhinoti |-tttvsnggrhpjjikaa, 10478

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pratyakSa-pramANa 129 mana ke dvArA hone vAle jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma dekara use bhI pratyakSa-pramANa kI koTi meM sthApita kiyA hai / yahAM pratyakSa -lakSaNa kI donoM paramparAoM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / (1) Agamika dhArA Agama kI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA meM svabhAvataH sva ko evaM samasta padArthoM ko jAnane kI anantazakti vidyamAna hai ,kintu jJAnAvaraNa nAmaka karma ke udaya se AtmA ke jAnane kI zakti usI prakAra AcchAdita ho jAtI hai jisa prakAra sUrya meSoM se AcchAdita hone ke kAraNa samasta padArthoM ko prakAzita nahIM kara pAtA / yadyapi meghAcchanna hote hue bhI sUrya kI prakAzana zakti samApta nahIM hotI hai ,usI prakAra karma se Avarita AtmA meM jAnane kI zakti samApta nahIM hotI hai ,tathApi jJAnAvaraNa karma ke udaya se vaha zakti Dhaka jAtI hai / jaba jJAnAvaraNa karma meM AMzika kamI (kSayopazama) hotI hai athavA usakA sampUrNa nAza (kSaya) hotA hai to AtmA ke jAnane athavA pratyakSa jJAna karane kI zakti prakaTa hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to AtmA jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama athavA kSaya se sva evaM bAhyArtha kA jJAna karatA hai / jaba yaha jJAna indriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai to parokSa kahalAtA hai tathA jaba indriyAdi kI sahAyatA ke binA sIdhe AtmA dvArA hotA hai to pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM pratyakSa zabda kI vyutpatti kA nirdeza karate samaya 'akSa' zabda kA artha AtmA kiyA hai tathA jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama athavA kSaya se AtmA meM jo jJAna prakaTa hotA hai use pratyakSa kahA hai / 124 isa prakAra AtmA meM binA para kI sahAyatA ke svataH prakaTa hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa hai / jainAgamoM meM pAMca jJAnoM kA varNana milatA hai / 125 ve pAMca jJAna haiM -matijJAna (Abhinibodhika jJAna),zrutajJAna,avadhijJAna,manaHparyAyajJAna evaM kevalajJAna |inmeN se mati evaM zrutajJAna indriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA se prakaTa hote haiM ,ataH ye donoM jJAna AgamasaraNi meM parokSa haiM tathA avadhi, manaH paryAya evaM kevalajJAna AtmamAtra sApekSa haiM, isalie ina tInoM ko pratyakSa jJAna kahA gayA hai / 126 bhaTTa akalaGkadeva ne yadyapi indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hone vAle jJAna ko bhI pratyakSa kI zreNI meM rakhA hai tathApitatvArthavArtika meM unhoMne AgamAnukUla pratyakSa kA lakSaNa nirUpita kiyA hai / tadanusAra indriya evaM anindriya (mana) kI apekSA se rahita,vyabhicAra vihIna jo sAkAra jJAna hai,vaha pratyakSa hai / 127 124.(1) akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtItyakSa AtmA, tameva prAptakSayopazamaM prakSINAvaraNaM vA pratiniyataM vA prtykssm| -sarvArthasiddhi1.12, pR072 (2)jaina dArzanika bhadrabAha evaM jinamadra ne bhI akSa zabda kA artha jIva yA AtmA karake pratyakSa kI vyAkhyA kI hai| kramazaH yathA-jIvo akkho taM pai jaM vaTTaI taM tu hoi paccakkhaM |-uddht, nyAyAvatAravivRti, pR015 jIvo akkho athavvAvaNabhoyaNagaNio jenn| taM paI vaTTai NANaM jaM paccakkhaM taM tivihaM // - vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA0 89 125. jJAna varNana ke lie draSTavya haiM - nandIsUtra, 1-43, bhagavatIsUtra, 8.2.317, rAjapraznIyasUtra, 60, SaTkhaNDAgama 5.5.21-83 dhavalA pustaka, 13, pR0 209-353 126. Adhe parokSam / pratyakSamanyat / -umAsvAti, tattvArthasUtra , 1.11-12 127. indriyAnindriyAnapekSamatItavyabhicAraM sAkAragrahaNaM pratyakSam |-tttvaarthvaartik, 1.12,1053

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130 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA AtmamAtra sApekSa jJAna meM avadhijJAna kA asamyak rUpa vibhaGgajJAna vyabhicAra yukta hotA hai,usakA nivAraNa karane ke lie hI akalaGkane atItavyabhicAra pada diyA hai / jJAna ke pUrva jainadarzana meM darzana kA pravartana mAnA gayA hai,kintu darzana nirAkAra evaM nirvikalpaka hotA hai,ataH isakA parihAra karane ke lie 'sAkAra' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / akalaGka ne yahAM spaSTa kara diyA hai ki pratyakSa jJAna meM para (AtmA se anya) kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai / 128 pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki jainadarzana meM indriyavyApAra se janita jJAna ko anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI bhAMti pratyakSa evaM indriya vyApAra se rahita jJAna ko parokSa kyoM nahIM kahA gayA ? pUjyapAda ne jaina jJAnamImAMsA ke AdhAra para isakA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai / jainadarzana meM sarvajJa AptapuruSa pratyakSa- jJAna dvArA samasta padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / yadi sarvajJa kA pratyakSa indriya ke nimitta se ho to sarvajJa samasta padArthoM ko pratyakSapUrvaka nahIM jAna sakegA,arthAt usakI sarvajJatA siddha nahIM ho sakegI,kintu AptapuruSa sarvajJa hai tathA vaha samasta padArthoM kA pratikSaNa pratyakSa karatA hai| usakI yaha pratyakSatA tabhI siddha ho sakatI hai,jaba vaha mAtra AtmA dvArA samasta arthoM ko jAnatA ho / 129 pUjyapAda ke samAdhAna ko akalaGka ne bhI vistRtarUpeNa prastuta kara puSTa kiyA hai / 130 aba prazna uThatA hai ki indriyAdi ke binA AtmA ko bAhyArthoM kA pratyakSa kisa prakAra hotA hai ? akalaGkane isakA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra ratha kA nirmAtA tapovizeSa ke prabhAva se RddhivizeSa prApta karake bAhya upakaraNAdi ke binA bhI ratha kA nirmANa karane meM sakSama hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama vizeSa athavA sampUrNakSaya se indriyAdi bAhyasAdhanoM ke binA hI bAhyArthoM ko jAnane meM sakSama hotA hai / 131 saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai Agamika -paramparA ke anusAra pratyakSa -pramANa AtmAzrita hai tathA jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama athavA kSaya se bAhyArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai,isameM indriyAdi ke sahayoga kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai| (2) pramANa-vyavasthAyugIna dhArA jaba jaina dArzanikoM ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki indriya evaM manojanya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAna binA nyAya,mImAMsA,sAMkhya evaM bauddha darzanoM ke sAtha pramANacarcA meM bhAga nahIM liyA jA sakatA.taba unhoMne bhI indriya evaM manojanya jJAna ko pratyakSa nAma dekara use pratyakSa koTi meM pratiSThita kiyaa| yadyapi nandIsUtra meM pA~ca jJAnoM ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai tathA pratyakSa ke bhI 128. akSaM prati niyatamiti praapekssaanivRttiH|-tttvaarthvaartik, 1.12, pR053 129. tadayuktama.Aptasya pratyakSajhAnAbhAvaprasajhat / yadiindriyanimittameva jJAnaM pratyakSamiSyate evaM sati Aptasya pratyakSajJAnaM nsyaat|- sarvArthasiddhi. 1.12, pR072 130. draSTavya, tattvArthavArtika, bhAga-1, pR053-54 131. tattvArthavArtika, mAga-1, pR053 -

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pratyakSa-pramANa indriya-pratyakSa evaM noindriya-pratyakSa bheda kiye gaye haiM tathApi indriya jJAna kI pratyakSa rUpa meM pratiSThA usa kAla taka nahIM huI thI, kyoMki nandIsUtra ke cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara indriyajJAna ko paramArthataH parokSajJAna hI mAnate haiN| phira bhI nandIsUtra ke racayitA devavAcaka ne indriyajJAna ko pratyakSa kI zreNI meM rakhakara sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ko svIkAra karane hetu bIja vapana kara diyA thaa| unake anantarajinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne spaSTa zabdoM me indriya evaM mana se hone vAle jJAna ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma diyA hai| akalaGkadvArA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ko svIkAra karane kA yahI AdhAra rahA hai| nandIsUtra meM manojanya jJAna ko indriyajJAna ke sAtha pratyakSa kI zreNI meM parigaNita nahIM kiyA gayA thA, kintu jinabhadragaNi ne use bhI indriyajJAna ke sAtha prastuta kara donoM ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa nAma diyA hai / pariNAma svarUpa akalaGka sahita sabhI dArzanikoM ne indriya evaM anindriya (mana) ke nimitta se janya pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA hai| nandIsUtra meM pratipAdita noindriya pratyakSa ko darzana-granthoM meM pAramArthika pratyakSa nAma milA hai| isa prakAra AtmamAtra sApekSa jJAna ke sAtha indriya evaM anindriya janya jJAna ko bhI pratyakSa koTi meM sthApita karane para pratyakSa ke eka aise sAmAnya lakSaNa kI AvazyakatA anubhava huI jo donoM prakAra ke pratyakSoM meM abhivyApta ho sake / digambara jaina dArzanika akalaGkane isa AvazyakatA kI pUrti karate hue pratyakSaM vizadaM jJAnam"32 ke dvArA vizada athavA spaSTa jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai / akalaGka ke isa pratyakSa-lakSaNa kA vidyAnanda 33 mANikyanandI 34 abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra, vAdideva, 135 hemacandra 36 Adi samasta digambara evaM zvetAmbara jaina dArzanikoM ne anusaraNa kara pratyakSa ko vizadajJAnAtmaka pratipAdita kiyA hai / pratyakSa meM pramANa sAmAnya kA lakSaNa vidyamAna hone se vaha sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka to hotA hI hai tathA pratyakSa hone se vizada bhI hotA hai / jaina dArzanika akalaGka ne nyAyavinizcaya meM pratyakSa pramANa kA vistRta lakSaNa pradAna kiyA hai,jisameM pratyakSa-pramANa kI samasta vizeSatAoM kA saMkalana ho jAtA hai / prastuta sandarbha meM yaha lakSaNa vicAraNIya hai pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTaM sAkAramaJjasA / dravyaparyAyasAmAnyavizeSArthAtpavedanam / 37 jo jJAna aJjasA spaSTa ho,sAkAra ho,dravya paryAyAtmaka evaM sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka artha ko jAnatA ho tathA svaprakAzaka ho,vaha pratyakSa pramANa hai / pratyakSa ke isa lakSaNa meM akalaGkane pramANa ke sAmAnya -lakSaNa kI bhI kucha vizeSatAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, yathA usake dvArA dravyaparyAyAtmaka evaM 132. siddhivinizcaya, 1.19, anyatra bhI kahA hai - pratyakSaM vishdjnyaanm|-prmaannsNgrh 2 133. vizadajJAnAtmakaM pratyakSam |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR0 37 134.vizadaM pratyakSam |-priikssaamukh,2.3 135.spaSTaM pratyakSam |-prmaannnytttvaalok 2.2 136. virAdaH prtykssm|-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 1.1.13 137.nyAyavinizcaya

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA sampAnyavizeSAtmaka artha kA jAnanA tathA svaprakAzaka yA Atmavedaka honA / 'sAkAra' vizeSaNa kA prayoga bhI yadyapi jJAna sAmAnya kA pratipAdaka hai tathApi isake dvArA bauddha darzana meM kalpita nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / ataH pratyakSa- lakSaNa meM sAkAra zabda kA prayoga aucityapUrNa hai / pratyakSa ke vaiziSTya ke pratipAdaka anya do zabda haiM- - spaSTa evaM aJjasA / akalaGka ke TIkAkAra vAdirAja ne aJjasA pada ko spaSTa evaM sAkAra donoM ke vizeSaNoM ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara pratyakSa ko AvazyakarUpeNa spaSTa 138 evaM paramArthataH sAkAra pratipAdita kiyA hai 139 yadyapi akalaGka aJjasA pada ko spaSTa kA vizeSaNa mAnate haiM, aisA unake dvArA prayukta anya udAharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai / 140 --- 132 akalaGka ke dvArA pratipAdita pratyakSa- lakSaNa kI eka hI vizeSatA mukhya rUpa se ubhara kara AtI hai aura vaha yaha ki pratyakSa- pramANa pramANa hone ke sAtha vizadajJAnAtmaka hotA hai| 'sAkAra' vizeSaNa kA prayoga to parokSa -pramANa meM bhI calA jAtA hai, kyoMki sAmAnyataH sabhI jJAna sAkAra hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki akalaGkottaravartI sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne vizada jJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa kahA hai, usakI anya vizeSatAoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA / vizadatA - aba prazna uThatA hai ki vizada kise kahA jAya / vizadatA ke sambandha meM lagabhaga sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| akalaGka ke anusAra anumAna Adi anya pramANoM kI apekSA adhika prakAzakatA hI pratyakSa kI vizadatA hai / 141 vizadatA kI yaha paribhASA tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko lie hue hai, tathA anyonyAzrita doSa se yukta hai| yahI nahIM pratyakSa pramANa meM bhI vizadatA kA taratama rUpa dekhA jAtA hai / kevalajJAna sarvataH vizada hai tathA usakI apekSA matijJAna avizada hai| yaha to nizcita hai ki pratyakSa-pramANa anumAna kI apekSA vizada hotA hai yA adhika prakAzaka hotA hai / isIlie vidyAnanda, vAdidevasUri 142 Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne akalaGka kRta lakSaNa ko apanAyA hai / 143 vidyAnanda ne to vizadajJAnAtmakatA ke sAtha pratyakSa kI vyApti pradarzita kI hai tathA anumAnAdi meM usakA vyatireka nirdiSTa kiyA hai / I mANikyanandI ne jJAnAntara ke vyavadhAna se rahita vizeSarUpeNa prakAzakatA ko vizadatA kahA 138. pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTamaJjasA nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pR0 98 139. 3 asA paramArthata eva sAkAraM na kalpanayeti nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pR0 103 paMkti 26 140. (2) vijJAnamaJjasA spaSTaM viprakRSTe virudhyate - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pR0 407 (2) pratyakSamaJjasA spaSTamanyacchrutamaviplavam - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pR0 469 141. anumAnAdyatirekeNa vizeSapratibhAsanam / tadvaizadyaM mataM buddheravaizadyamataH param / - laghIyastraya, kA. 4 142. anumAnAdyAdhikyena vizeSaprakAzanaM spaSTatvam / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 2.3 143. vizadajJAnAtmakaM pratyakSaM pratyakSatvAt / yattu na vizadajJAnAtmakaM tatra pratyakSam, yathA'numAnAdijJAnam / - pramANaparIkSA, pR. 37 -

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pratyakSa pramANa hai / 144 jJAnAntara ke vyavadhAna se rahita kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki pratyakSa pramANa kisI anya pramANa yA jJAna ke Azrita nahIM hotA hai / T prabhAcandra ne vizadatA meM taratamatA kA nirdeza kiyA hai / unhoMne andhakAra meM aspaSTa dikhAI dene vAle vRkSa meM bhI saMsthAna mAtra kI vizadatA ko jJApita kara usameM pratyakSa pramANa siddha kiyA hai tathA vRkSa ke vizeSAMza ko anumAna -pramANa dvArA adhyavasita kiyA hai / 145 prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki spaSTa jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama meM taratamatA se padArtha kA spaSTa jJAna hone meM taratamatA hotI hai / 146 AcArya prabhAcandra ne eka mahattvapUrNa prazna uThAyA hai ki pramANa svapara prakAzaka hotA hai, ataH smRti, pratyabhijJAna Adi parokSapramANoM meM bhI svarUpa prakAzakatA ke kAraNa pratyakSa kA lakSaNa ativyApta ho jAtA hai / 147, kintu ve isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki bAhyArtha kA jJAna karane meM pravRtta hote samaya smRtyA pramANoM ko anya pratyakSAdi pramANoM para Azrita rahanA par3atA hai isalie ve pratyakSa nahIM kahe jA sakate / 148 prabhAcandra ne mANikyanandI ke kathana ko hI vizadatA athavA avizadatA kI kasauTI mAnA hai / tadanusAra pramANAntara ke vyavadhAna se rahita jJAna vizada hai tathA pramANAntara ke vyavadhAna se yukta jJAna avizada hai / svarUpa grahaNa kI apekSA se vizadatA yA avizadatA kA bheda pratipAdana prabhAcandra ne nahIM kiyA / 149 133 AcArya hemacandra ne vaizadya kI do vizeSatAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai - (1) pramANAntara kI apekSA na honA (2) idantayA pratibhAsa kA honA / 15deg pramANAntara kI apekSA nahIM hone kA kathana mANikyanandI evaM prabhAcandra kA anusaraNa pratIna hotA hai, kintu idantayA pratibhAsa pratyakSa meM hI hotA hai, anumAnAdi anya jJAnoM meM nahIM / ataH vizadatA kI yaha nayI vizeSatA kahI jA sakatI hai / saMkSepa meM jaina darzana ke pratyakSa-pramANa kI vizeSatAoM kA nimnalikhita binduoM meM samAhAra kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) pratyakSa jJAna vizada athavA spaSTa hotA hai / (2) vizadatA ke kAraNa vaha anya pramANa para Azrita nahIM hotA / (3) anumAna Adi parokSa pramANoM se vaha artha kA vizeSa prakAzana karatA hai / (4) pratyakSa ke dvArA padArtha kA idantayA pratibhAsa hotA hai / 144. pratItyantarASyavadhAnena vizeSavattayA vA pratibhAsanaM vaizadyam / - parIkSAmukha, 2.4 145. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR. 598-99 146. vizadajJAnAvaraNasya taratamabhAvenaivApagamAt / - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR. 599 147. nanu ca parokSe'pi smRtipratyabhijJAdisvarUpasaMvedane'syAdhyakSalakSaNasya sambhavAdativyAptireva / - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR. 599 148. bahirarthagrahaNApekSayA hi vijJAnAnAM pratyakSetaravyapadeza: - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR. 600 149. tatra pramANAntaravyavadhAnAvyavadhAnasadbhAvena vaizadyetarasambhavAt na tu svarUpagrahaNApekSayA, tatra tadabhAvAt / - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR. 600 150. pramANAntarAnapekSedantayA pratibhAso vA vaizadyam / pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.14

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134 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratyakSa ke bheTa umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra meM pratyakSa - pramANa ke avadhijJAna, manaH paryAyajJAna evaM kevalajJAna ye tIna bheda prApta hote haiN| ye tInoM bheda AtmamAtra sApekSa haiN| inameM indriyAdi ke sahayoga kI apekSA nahIM hai, kintu pratyakSajJAna ke nandIsUtra meM indriya evaM noindriya ye do bheda kie gae haiM tathA jinabhadra ne indriya- pratyakSa ke sAtha anindriya arthAt mana ke pratyakSa ko bhI sthAna dekara donoM ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA hai I 151 152 155 bhaTTa akalaGka ne pratyakSa pramANa ke do bheda kiye haiM- (1) mukhya pratyakSa evaM (2) saMvyavahAra pratyakSa / kutracit unhoMne mukhya pratyakSa ko atIndriya pratyakSa kahA hai tathA saMvyavahAra pratyakSa ke do bheda kie haiM--indriya pratyakSa evaM anindriya pratyakSa / vidyAnanda ne indriya, anindriya evaM atIndriya ke rUpa meM pratyakSa ke inhIM tIna bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 153 akalaGka ke dvArA kiyA gayA vargIkaraNa hI mANikyanandI 154 hemacandra Adi uttarakAlIna jaina dArzanikoM ne apanAyA hai / vAdidevasUri ne mukhya pratyakSa ke sthAna para pAramArthika pratyakSa zabda kA prayoga kara pratyakSa ke dvividha vibhAjana ko hI akSuNNa rakhA hai / 156 yahA~ para akalaGka ke dvArA kiye gaye mukhya evaM saMvyavahAra rUpa vibhAjana ko AdhAra para banA kara pratyakSa se sambaddha anya vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / (1) mukhya pratyakSa 1 Agamika saraNa meM jise pratyakSa pramANa kahA gayA, pramANa-vyavasthA yuga meM vahI mukhya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita huA / mukhya pratyakSa meM indriya evaM mana ke sahayoga kI apekSA nahIM hotI / isameM jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama athavA kSaya se sIdhA AtmA dvArA jJAna hotA hai / bhaTTa akalaGka ne mukhya pratyakSa ko atIndriya jJAna kahA hai / 157 mANikyanandI ne sAmagrI vizeSa ke kAraNa use samasta AvaraNoM se rahita atIndriya jJAna mAnA hai / 158 akalaGka deva evaM mANikyanandI kA lakSya saMbhavataH kevalajJAna ko hI atIndriya jJAna athavA mukhya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM sthApita karanA hai / AcArya hemacandra dvArA diye gaye mukhya pratyakSa ke lakSaNa se bhI aisA vidita hotA hai 159 unhoMne niHzeSa rUpa se jJAnAvaraNAdi cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya hone para jo cetanA kA prakAzaka svabhAva AvirbhUta hotA hai use 151. mukhyasaMvyavahArataH / - laghIyastraya, 3 152. tatra sAMvyavahArikam indriyAnindriyapratyakSam / mukhyamatIndriyajJAnam / -- laghIyastrayavRtti, 4 153. tat trividham indriyAnindriyAtIndriyapratyakSavikalpAt :- pramANaparIkSA, pR. 38 154. draSTavya, parIkSAmukha 2.5 evaM 11 155. draSTavya, pramANamImAMsA 1.1.15 evaM 20 156. tad dviprakAraM sAMvyavahArikaM pAramArthikaJca / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 2.4 157. mukhyamatIndriyajJAnam - laghIyastrayavRtti, 4, akalaGkamanyatraya, pR. 2 158. sAmagrIvizeSavizleSitAkhilAvaraNamatIndriyamazeSato mukhyam / - parIkSAmukha, 2.11 159. tat sarvathAvaraNavilaye cetanasya svarUpAvirbhAvo mukhyaM kevalam / - pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.15

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pratyakSa-pramANa 135 mukhya pratyakSa kahA hai |16degvaadidevsuuri ne mukhya zabda ke sthAna para pAramArthika zabda kA prayoga kara use utpatti meM AtmamAtrApekSa batalAyA hai / 161 isa prakAra jaina dRSTi kA adhyayana karane para yaha vidita hotA hai ki vastutaH kevalajJAna hI mukhya pratyakSa hai, kintu avadhijJAna evaM manaHparyAya jJAnoM meM bhI indriyAdi kI apekSA nahIM hone ke kAraNa unako mukhya pratyakSa meM samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai / avadhijJAna evaM manaH paryAyajJAna bhI isa dRSTi se taratama rUpa meM mukhyapratyakSa athavA pAramArthika pratyakSa hI haiM / 162 inameM bhI kevalajJAna kI bhAMti binA indriyAdi kI sahAyatA se sIdhe AtmA se padArthoM kA pratyakSa hotA hai| mukhya pratyakSa ke bheda - mukhya pratyakSa ke tIna bhedoM kA varNana milatA hai - (1) avadhijJAna,(2) manaH paryAyajJAna evaM (3) kevalajJAna / pUjyapAda evaM akalaGkane inameM se prathama do jJAnoM ko deza pratyakSa tathA kevalajJAna ko sarvapratyakSa kahA hai / 163vAdidevasUri ne dezapratyakSa ke sthAna para vikala pratyakSa evaM sarvapratyakSa ke sthAna para sakala pratyakSa zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / 164 arthAt ve kevalajJAna ko sakala pratyakSa tathA avadhi evaM manaH paryAyajJAnoM ko vikalapratyakSa kI zreNi meM rakhate haiM / (ka) avadhijJAna- yaha jJAna indriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA ke binA AtmA meM avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se prakaTa hotA hai tathA isake dvArA rUpI padArthoM kI vibhinna paryAyoM kA jJAna hotA hai|65 sImita kSetra ,kAla Adi meM mAtra rUpI padArthoM kA jJAna karAne ke kAraNa yaha maryAdita arthAt avadhijJAna hai / yaha avadhijJAna do prakAra kA hai - bhavapratyaya evaM guNapratyaya / deva evaM nAraka jIvoM meM janma se pAye jAne ke kAraNa yaha jJAna bhavapratyaya tathA manuSya evaM tiryaJca meM sAdhanA Adi ke dvArA prayatnapUrvaka prApta kiye jAne ke kAraNa guNapratyaya athavA kSayopazamanimittaka kahA jAtA hai / 166 yaha guNapratyaya avadhijJAna anugAmI, ananugAmI, vardhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita evaM anavasthita ke bheda se chaha prakAra kA hai / jisa sthAna vizeSa para avadhijJAna prApta huA hai, vaha yadi usa sthAna ko chor3ane para bhI jJAnI kA anugamana kare to use anugAmI avadhijJAna kahate haiM aura usa sthAna ko choDane para avadhijJAna samApta ho jAya to use anananugAmI avadhijJAna kahate haiM / eka bAra avadhijJAna prApta hone para nirantara bar3hatA jAya use vardhamAna avadhijJAna tathA ghaTane para use hIyamAna avadhijJAna kahate haiM / yadi avadhijJAna prApta hone para jIvanaparyanta banA rahe to use avasthita evaM ekabAra prApta hone 160. pramANamImAMsA, vRtti, 1.1.15 161. pAramArthikaM punrutpttaavaatmmaatraapekssm|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.18 162. pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.18 163. sarvArthasiddhi. 1.20 pR.88, tattvArthavArtika 1.20.15, pR.78.25-26 164. tad vikalaM sakalaM ca |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.19 165. avadhijJAnAvaraNavilayavizeSasamudbhavaM bhavaguNapratyayaM ruupidrvygocrmvdhijnyaanm|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.21 166. eSo'vadhi : SaDvikalpaH / kutaH anugAmyananugAmivardhamAnahIyamAnAvasthitA'navasthitabhedAt / - sarvArthasiddhi 1.22, pR.88

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA para samApta ho jAya to use anavasthita avadhijJAna kahate haiM / avasthita evaM anavasthita ko kramazaH apratipAtI evaM pratipAtI nAma bhI die gae haiM / 170 171 172 . 173 174 (kha) manaH paryAyajJAna 167 - saMyama kI vizuddhi se jaba manaH paryAyajJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSayopazama hotA hai to manaH paryAyajJAna prakaTa hotA hai / 1968 manaH paryAyajJAna bhI AtmasApekSa hai, yaha indriyAdi kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA / manaH paryAyajJAna ke sambandha meM jainadArzanikoM meM do mata haiN| prathama mata nandI sUtra 69, Avazyakaniyukti evaM tattvArthabhASya para avalambita hai jisake anusAra manaH paryAyajJAna ke dvArA dUsare ke mana meM cintyamAna arthoM ko jAnA jAtA hai / dvitIya mata vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, nandI cUrNi Adi graMthoM para avalambita hai, jisake anusAra manaH paryava jJAna dvArA mAtra dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnA jAtA hai tathA usameM cintyamAna padArthoM kA jJAna anumAna -pramANa dvArA hotA hai / inameM se pUjyapAda akalaGka Adi digambara jaina dArzanikoM dvArA mAtra prathama mata apanAyA gayA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya ke AcAryoM meM donoM mata dikhAI dete haiM, kintu hemacandra Adi uttarakAlIna dArzanikoM dvArA dvitIya mata ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| paM. sukhalAla jI kA mantavya hai ki prathama paramparA meM doSodbhAvana hone ke kAraNa dvitIya paramparA kA vikAsa huaa| vastutaH manaH paryavajJAnI dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM ko hI jAnatA hai, usake mana meM cintyamAna padArthoM ko tabhI jAnA jA sakatA hai jaba mana kI paryAyoM ko jAna liyA gayA ho| mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnane ke anantara yadi cintyamAna padArthoM ko jAnatA hai to yA to unheM anumAna se jAnA jA sakatA hai, yA phira avadhijJAna se| cintana ko jAnanA tathA cintyamAna padArthoM ko jAnanA bhinna- bhinna prakAra ke kArya haiM / 175 176 manaH paryaya jJAna ke do bheda haiM-- Rjumati evaM vipulamati / inameM Rjumati se vipulamati jJAna 136 167. 'mana : paryAyajJAna' zabda ke sthAna para 'mana:paryaya' evaM 'manaH paryava' zabdoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| 168. saMyamavizuddhinibandhanAd viziSTAvaraNavicchedAjjAtaM manodravyaparyAyAlambanaM mana : paryAyajJAnam / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 2.22 169. maNapajjavanANaM puNa, jaNamaNaparicitiyatthapAgaDaNaM / mANusakhittanibaddhaM guNapaccaiaM caritavao // nandIsUtra, 65 170. avadhijJAnaviSayasyAnantabhAgaM mana : paryAyajJAnI jAnIte rUpidravyANi manorahasyavicAragatAni ca mAnuSakSetraparyApannAni vizuddhatarANi ceti / - umAsvAti, tattvArtha bhASya, 1.29 171. davvamaNopajjAe jANai pAsai ya taggaeNante / NAvabhAsie uNa jANai bajjhe'NumANeNaM // - jinabhadra, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 814 172. maNiyatvaM puNa paccakkhaM jo pekkhar3a, jeNa maNaNaM muttamamuttaM vA, so ya chaumattho taM aNumANato pekkhai tti / -- - nandI cUrNi pU. 24 173. parakIyamanasi vyavasthito'rtha'nena jJAyate ityetAvadatrApekSyate / - - sarvArthasiddhi 1.23, pR. 89-90 174. parakIyamanogatArthajJAnaM manaH paryayaH / tattvArthavArtika, 1.9.4 tathA draSTavya, tattvArthavArtika, 1.23.2-4 175. manaso dravyarUpasya paryAyAzacintanAnuguNAH pariNAmabhedAstadviSayaM jJAnaM manaH paryAyaH / yadbAhyacintanIyArthajJAne tat AnumAnikameva na manaHparyAyapratyakSam / - pramANamImAMsAvRtti, 1.1.18, pR0 15 176. pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa, pR0 37-38

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pratyakSa-pramANa 137 adhika vizuddha evaM apratipAtI (na girane vAlA) hotA hai / 177 donoM prakAra kA manaH paryaya jJAna saMyata evaM apramatta manuSya ke atirikta kisI bhI anya prANI ko nahIM hotA / manaH paryAya jJAna mUrta manodravyagataparyAyoM athavA tadgata mUrta arthoM ko jAnatA hai / amUrta dravyoM kA jJAna kevala jJAna meM hI hotA hai / (ga) kevalajJAna- kevala jJAna sakala pratyakSa jJAna hai / isase bar3hakara koI bhI jJAna utkRSTa evaM vizuddha nahIM hai / moha,jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa evaM antarAya karma ke kSaya (sampUrNa nAza) se yaha jJAna prakaTa hotA hai / 178 isakI prApti ke anantara AtmA para kisI bhI prakAra kA jJAnAvaraNa zeSa nahIM rahatA / kevalajJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt puruSa ko kucha bhI jAnanA zeSa nahIM rahatA ,ataH use sarvajJa kahA jAtA hai / sarvajJa ko vizva ke samasta padArthoM ke tInoM kAloM kI samasta paryAyoM kA jJAna hastAmalakavat spaSTarUpeNa hotA rahatA hai / bAhyapadArthoM kI paryAyoM kA jJAna kundakunda kI dRSTi meM vyavahAra dRSTi se hotA hai tathA nizcaya dRSTi se sarvajJa ko AtmA kI paryAyoM kA jJAna hotA hai / 180 AcArAgasUtra meM sarvajJatA ke sandarbha meM kathana hai ki jo eka ko jAnatA hai,vaha sabako jAnatA hai tathA jo sabako jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai / 181 DaoN. nathamala TATiyA ne isakI vyAkhyA prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki jaina darzana meM pratyeka padArtha apane atirikta jagat ke samasta padArthoM se kisI na kisI rUpa meM sambaddha hai / unakA sambandha paryAyoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai / jaba eka padArtha kA pUrNa rUpa se jJAna hotA hai to jagat ke anya padArthoM se usake sambandha athavA paryAyoM kA bhI jJAna ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra eka padArtha kA sampUrNa jJAna hI samasta padArthoM kA pUrNa jJAna hai / 182 ___ jaina dArzanika sAhitya kA bahuta bar3A bhAga sarvajJatA kI puSTi meM lagA huA hai / sarvajJatA kI puSTi hetu mukhyataH do tarka diye jAte haiM - (1) prajJA kA tAratamya dekhA jAtA hai ,ataH vaha kisI manuSya meM niratizaya bhI honI cAhie arthAt pUrNa honI cAhie / prajJA kA pUrNa honA sarvajJatA hai / (2) sarvajJa kA bAdhaka koI pramANa nahIM hai / 83 anya hetu bhI diye gaye haiM yathA jJAnAvaraNa karma kA sampUrNa kSaya hone para sarvajJatA prakaTa hotI hai, atyanta aparokSa artha kA bhI avisaMvAdI jJAna hotA hai Adi / AptamImAMsA meM samantabhadra ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sUkSma ,antarita evaM dUrastha padArtha bhI kisI ko 177. vizudyapratipAtAbhyAM tadvizeSaH / - tattvArthasUtra, 1.25 178. mohakSayAjJAnadarzanAvaraNAntarAyakSayAcca kevlm|- tattvArthasUtra, 10.1 179. nikhiladravyaparyAyasAkSAtkAri svarUpaM kevljnyaanm|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.23 180. jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNayeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANI jANAdi passadiNiyameNa appANaM ||-niymsaar,158 181. je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai / - AcArAMgasUtra, 1.3.4 182. Studies in Jaina Philosophy, p. 70 183. yathA prjnyaatishyvishraantyaadisiddhesttsisddhiH| bAdhakAbhAvAcca |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 1.1.16,17

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138 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratyakSa hote haiM / jisa prakAra anumAna pramANa se jAnI gaI agni kisI ko pratyakSa bhI hotI hai usI prakAra sarvajJa ko sUkSma antarita evaM dUrastha padArtha bhI pratyakSa hote haiN|184 mImAMsakoM ne sarvajJatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai / bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne bhI buddha ko dharmajJa mAnA hai ,sarvajJa nahIM / kintu dhIre dhIre bauddhadarzana meM bhI sarvajJatA kA samAveza ho gyaa| yogi-pratyakSa eka prakAra se atIndriyajJAna rUpa sarvajJatA kA hI dyotaka hai| (2) sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa sarvaprathama jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne indriya evaM mana se janya jJAna ko saMvyavahAra pratyakSa kahA hai|185 akalaGka ne indriya pratyakSa evaM anindriya (mana) pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahA hai / 186 sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI kalpanA lokavyavahAra ko dRSTigata rakhakara kI gayI / 187 sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke svarUpa evaM bhedoM ke sambandha meM lagabhaga samasta jaina dArzanikoM ne jinabhadra evaM akalara kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / 18 sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa indriya evaM mana ke nimitta se hotA hai 189 yadyapi jJAna rUpa hone ke kAraNa yaha bhI jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se AtmA meM hI prakaTa hotA hai ,kintu indriyAdi ke nimitta se hone ke kAraNa ise sAMvyavahArika kahA jAtA hai / yaha jaba indriya ke nimitta se hotA hai to indriya pratyakSa tathA mana ke dvArA hone para anindriya pratyakSa kahalAtA hai / indriya-pratyakSa-pramANa sAmAnya kI bhAMti indriyapratyakSa bhI hita kI prApti evaM ahita ke tyAga meM samartha hai / yaha artha kA sampUrNa jJAna karAne vAlA nahIM,kintu dezataH arthAt AMzika rUpa meM jJAna karAne vAlA hotA hai / akala deva kA indriya-pratyakSa ke sambandha meM yahI mantavya hai yathA "jo hita kI prApti evaM ahita ke tyAga meM samartha ho,indriyoM se utpanna ho evaM jisase dezataH artha kA jJAna hotA ho, vaha indriya pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai / 19deg yahA~ akalAne indriya-pratyakSa kI Avazyaka vizeSatAoM evaM sImA kA nirdeza kiyA hai / sAdhAraNa rUpeNa indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hone vAlA bAhya arthoM kA pratyakSa indriya-pratyakSa hai / indriyA~ pA~ca haiM-zrotra,cakSu,prANa,rasanA,evaM sparzana (tvak) / jainadarzana meM mana ko anindriya 184. sUkSmAntaritadrAH pratyakSAH ksycidythaa| anumeyatvato'gnyAdiritisarvajJasaMsthitiH ||-aaptmiimaaNsaa, 5 185. iMdiyamaNobhavaM jaMtaM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM |-vishessaavshykbhaassy,95 186. tatra sAMvyavahArikam indriyAnindriyapratyakSam / - laghIyamayavRtti, 4 187. kevalaM lokabuddhyaiva mterlkssnnsNgrh|- akalaGka, nyAyavinizcaya, 475 188.(1) mANikyanandI, parIkSAmukha, 2.5, indriyAnindriyanimittaM dezataH saaNvyvhaarikm| - (2) hemacandra, pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.20, indriyamanonimitto'vagrahAvAyadhAraNAtmA sAMvyavahArikam / 189. tdindriyaanindriynimittm|- tattvArthasUtra, 1.14 190. hitaahitpraaptinirmuktikssmmindriynirmitm| yaddezeto'jJAnaM tadindriyAdhyakSamucyate ||-nyaayvinishciy,4

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pratyakSa-pramANa 139 kahakara use indriyoM se pRthak pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / 91 indriyoM evaM mana ko pula (jar3a dravya) se nirmita hone ke kAraNa kramazaH dravyendriya evaM dravya mana kahA gayA hai tathA cetanAyukta hokara jaba ve bAhyArtha kA jJAna karate haiM taba unheM kramazaH bhAvendriya evaM bhAva mana kahA gayA hai / paramArthata : to AtmA hI bhAvamana evaM bhAvendriya hai| __ jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki zrotra,ghANa,rasanA evaM sparzana ye cAra indriyA~ padArtha ko prApta kara arthAt padArtha kA saMyoga prApta kara padArtha kA jJAna karAtI hai / isalie ye cAroM prApyakArI haiM , kintu cakSu indriya evaM mana padArtha kA saMyoga prApta kiye binA,padArtha se kucha dUra rahakara unakA jJAna karAne meM samartha haiM , ataH ye donoM aprApyakArI haiN| 192 anindriya-pratyakSa- jainadarzana meM anindriya' zabda kA prayoga mana ke artha meM huA hai 193 tathA ise indriyoM se bhinna evaM nirapekSa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / 194 nyAyadarzana meM jahAM mana AtmA se saMyukta hotA hai evaM indriyAM mana se saMyukta hotI hai ,tabhI bAhyArtha kA jJAna hotA hai vahAM jainadarzana meM AtmA ko mAtra mana ke dvArA (indriyoM ke binA) bhI bAhyArtha kA pratyakSa jJAna karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai| indriyoM ke dvArA jahA~ apane apane viSayoM kA jJAna hotA hai vahAM mana samasta indriyoM ke viSayoM ko jAna sakatA hai / indriyoM kI bhAMti mana bhI paulika hai, ataH cetanA (AtmA) ke saMyoga se hI bAhya padArthoM ko jAnane meM samartha hotA hai / umAsvAti ne mana ko zrutajJAna kA karaNa kahA hai / 195 zrutajJAna vahAM mati kA upalakSaNa hai / mati evaM zruta donoM meM samasta padArthoM kA jJAna mAnA gayA hai / isIlie AcArya hemacandra ne mana ko samasta arthoM kA grAhaka mAnA hai / 16 yadyapi indriya pratyakSa meM bhI mana indriyoM kA sahayoga karatA hai, kintu vaha indriyoM ke binA bhI AtmA kA karaNa bana kara bAhyArtha kA pratyakSa karane meM samartha hai / vaise cakSu indriya kI bhAMti mana ko bhI jainadarzana meM aprApyakArI mAnA gayA hai| bauddha aura jaina donoM darzana mana ko vyApaka yA paramANurUpa nahIM mAnakara madhyama parimANa vAlA mAnate haiM / vijJAnavAda ke anusAra mana vijJAnAtmaka hai tathA uttaravartI vijJAnoM kA samanantara karaNa rUpa 191. bauddhadarzana meM mana ko indriyoM kI zreNI meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. nathamala TATiyA kahate haiM ki jainadarzana meM mana ko anindriya kahanA saMbhavataH utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanA bauradarzana meM mana ko indriya khnaa|- Studies in Jaina Philosophy, p.32 192. bauddhadarzana meM cakSu evaM mana ke sAtha zrotra ko bhI aprApyakArI mAnA gayA hai, yathA - aprAptAnyakSimanaHzrotrANi prayamanyathA / abhidharmakoza, 2.43 evaM draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 95 193. anindriya ke atirikta 'noindriya' zabda pI kahIM kahIM mana ke artha meM prayukta huA hai, yathA 'savArthagrahaNaM manaH __ anindriyam' iti 'noindriyam' iti cocyte|-prmaannmiimaaNsaa vRtti, 1.1.24 / noindriya zabda kA prayoga AtmA ke artha meM bhI huA hai| nandIsUtra meM avadhi AdijJAnoM ko noindriya pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| nandIsUtra, 5 194. tasyendrinirapekSasya tajjanakatvAbhAvAt |-prmaannmiimaaNsaavRtti, 1.1.21, pR0 17.26 195. zrutamanindriyasya / - tattvArthasUtra, 2.22 196.sarvArthagrahaNaM manaH |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 1.1.24

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140 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vijJAna hai / bauddha mana se pRthak AtmA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unake yahAM mana se hone vAle pratyakSa ko mAnasa pratyakSa kahA gayA hai jabaki jainadarzana meM use anindriya pratyakSa kahA gayA hai| mana kA svarUpa ,kAraNa,kArya Adi bhAratIya darzana meM vivAda ke viSaya rahe hai / mana kA zarIra meM kyA sthAna hai isa sambandha meM paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra digambara pakSa dravyamana ko hRdayapradezavartI svIkAra karatA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA samagra sthUla zarIrako dravyamana kA sthAna mAnatI hai / bhAvamana to AtmasvarUpa hai hii| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI prakriyA indriya evaM mana ke mAdhyama se hone vAle bAhyArtha ke pratyakSa ke cAra sopAna haiM - avagraha.IhA. avAya evaM dhAraNA / yadyapi ye cAroM sopAna mUlataH matijJAna ke bhedoM meM parigaNita haiM 197 kintu jinabhadra evaM akalaGkadvArA matijJAna ko saMvyavahAra pratyakSa ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kara liye jAne ke kAraNa ina cAroM bhedoM ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI cAra avasthAoM yA cAra sopAnoM meM samajhA jA sakatA avagraha - avagraha ke sandarbha meM jainadArzanikoM ke do mata haiM / prathama mata meM umAsvAti , jinabhadra, siddhasenagaNi evaM yazovijaya haiM, jinake anusAra avagraha meM nizcayAtmaka jJAna nahIM hotA / dvitIya mata avagraha ko nizcayAtmaka jJAna mAnatA hai / isa mata ke pratipAdaka evaM samarthaka haiM - pUjyapAda devanandI, akalaGka, vidyAnanda ,vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandra / prathama mata Agamika dhArA kA prastAvaka evaM samarthaka haiM,tathA dvitIya mata jJAna ko pramANa mAnane ke kAraNa use nizcayAtmaka mAnane vAlA hai / jaina darzana meM darzana ko nirAkAra evaM nirvikalpaka mAnA gayA hai tathA jJAna ko sAkAra evaM savikalpaka / avagraha jJAna kI avasthA hai ,darzana kI nahIM / jJAna hone se,avagraha sAkAra evaM nizcayAtmaka hai| vaha darzana ke anantara hotA hai / vAcaka umAsvAti ne avagraha ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki indriyoM ke dvArA apane viSayoM kA Alocana pUrvaka avyakta avadhAraNa avagraha hai / 198 avagraha ke dvArA viSaya ke sAmAnyadharmoM kA jJAna hotA hai tathA vaha zabdoM dvArA anirdezya hotA hai / jinabhadra ne arthAvagraha ke viSaya ko sAmAnya, anirdezya ,svarUpa nAmAdi kI kalpanA se rahita pratipAdita kiyA hai / 199 siddhasenagaNi ne umAsvAti kA anusaraNa kiyA hai tathA yazovijaya (17 vIM zatI)ne jinabhadra ke tarko ko hI saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA hai / 200 197. avagrahAvAyadhAraNAH / - tattvArthasUtra 1.15, nandIsUtra meM ina cAroM bhedoM ko Aminibodhika jJAna ke pratinizrita bhedoM meM ginAyA gayA hai - suyanissiyaM cauvihaM paNataM, taMjahA - uggahe, IhA, avAo, dhAraNA / - nandIsUtra, 26 198. tavAvyaktaM yathAsvaM indriyevissyaannaamaalocnaavdhaarnnmvgrhH|- tattvArthAdhigamabhASya , 1.15 199.sAmannaM aNiddesaM sarUvanAmAikappaNArahiyaM |-vishessaavshykbhaassy,252 200. draSTavya, jainatarkabhASA, pR.714evaM nathamala TATiyA, Studies in Jaina Philosophy, p. 36

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pratyakSa-pramANa 141 avagraha bhI do prakAra kA hai-vyaJjanAvagraha evaM arthAvagraha / 201 padArtha ke sAtha indriya kA sambandha hone para padArtha kA jJAna hone ke pUrva jo usakA AbhAsa hotA hai vaha vyaJjanAvagraha hai / AgamasaraNi ke AcArya jinabhadra ne indriya, artha evaM unake sannikarSa ko vyaJjanAvagraha mAnA hai / arthAvagraha meM padArtha kA grahaNa hotA hai ki yaha kucha hai / cakSu eva mana ke aprApyakArI hone se unameM vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM hotA,mAtra arthAvagraha hotA hai / zeSa indriyoM ke pratyakSa meM donoM prakAra ke avagraha hote haiN| pUjyapAda devanandI ne vyaJjanAvagraha ko avyakta tathA arthAvagraha ko vyakta jJAna mAnA hai / 202 avagraha ko nizcayAtmaka jJAna kI zreNI meM rakhane vAle bhaTTa akalaGka ke anusAra indriya evaM artha kA yoga hone parapadArtha kI sattA ke AlocanarUpa artha ke AkAra kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna avagraha hai|03 vidyAnanda ne avagraha ko indriya evaM artha kA yoga hone para vastumAtra kA grahaNa hone ke anantara vastu bheda kA grAhaka pratipAdita kiyA hai / 204 vAdidevasUri ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki viSaya evaM indriya kA yoga (sannipAta) hone para sattA mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA darzana utpanna hotA hai tadanusAra avAntara sAmAnya se yukta vastu ko grahaNa karane vAlA avagraha utpanna hotA hai / 205 AcArya hemacandra ne isI bAta ko sarala zabdAvalI meM prastuta karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki indriya evaM artha kA yoga hone para darzana utpanna hotA hai, darzana ke anantara jo artha kA grahaNa hai vaha avagraha hai / 206 jaina naiyAyikoM ne Agamika dhArA meM pratipAdita avagraha ke sAmAnya-grahaNa artha ko Age na bar3hAkara use nizcayAtmaka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA ,isakA mukhya kAraNa pramANazAstra meM nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnanA rahA hai / IhA- avagRhIta artha ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnane kI ceSTA athavA AkAMkSA IhA hai |207ythaa nidrA meM soye hue vyakti ko lagAtAra AvAja lagAye jAne para usakA AvAja se samparka hone para yaha AvAja hai' isa rUpa meM grahaNa to avagraha hai ,kintu usake anantara yaha AvAja kisakI hai-puruSa kI 201. nandIsUtra, 27 202. arthAvagrahavyAnAvagrahayoLaktAvyaktakRto vishessH|- sarvArthasiddhi 1.18 pR081 203. akSArthayoge sattAloko'kAravikalpadhIH / ____ avagraho.laSIyastraya,5 204. akSArthayogajA vastumAtragrahaNalakSaNAt / jAtaM vad vastubhedasya grahaNaM tdvgrhH|- tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.15.2 bhAga-3, pR0 437 205.vivAviSavisannipAtAnantarasamudamUtasattAmAtragocaradarzanAjjAtamAdyamavAntarasAmAnyAkAraviziSTavastugrahaNamavagrahaH / pramANanavatattvAloka, 2.7 206. akSAyoge drshnaantrmrthgrhnnmvgrhH|-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 1.1.26 207.(1) vizeSAkAMkSehA - laSIyalaya,5 (2) tadgRhItArthasAmAnye yadvizeSasya kAMkSaNam / nizcayAbhimukhaM sehA saMzayAdinnalakSaNA / - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.15.3 (3) avagRhItArthavizeSAkAGkSaNamIhA |--prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.8

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142 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hai yA nArI kI hai,athavA vAdyayantra kI hai isa rUpa meM zaMkA hone ke sAtha hI yaha nizcaya ho ki yaha AvAja puruSa kI honI cAhie, yaha jJAna IhA hai / 208 IhA jJAna saMzaya pUrvaka hotA hai ,kintu saMzaya rUpa nahIM hai ,kyoMki saMzaya meM to jJAna nizcayAtmaka nahIM ho pAtA kintu IhA meM nirNayaparaka hotA hai / 209 vAdidevasari ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki IhA jJAna saMzayapUrvaka hotA hai, isalie vaha saMzaya se bhinna hai / 21deg eka prakAra se kahA jAya to IhA jJAna saMdeha ko dUra karatA hai / AcArya hemacandra kA mata hai ki avagraha evaM IhA ke bIca saMdeha kI sthiti sadaiva utpanna hotI hai ,kintu zIghratA ke kAraNa upalakSita nahIM hotI / 211 avAya- Ihita arthavizeSa kA nirNaya avAya hai / 212 yathA zabda sunakara yaha IhA huI ki ye zabda puruSa ke hone cAhie,avAya meM yaha nirNaya ho jAtA hai ki yaha puruSa ke hI zabda haiN| saMkSepa meM yadi kahA jAya to avAya ko hI pratyakSa prakriyA meM pUrNa nirNayAtmaka jJAna kahA jA sakatA hai aura yahI pramANa kA vAstavika svarUpa hai,jo heyopAdeya kA jJAna karAtA hai / isa avAya ke lie apAya' zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| dhAraNA -jinabhadra ne avAya jJAna kI avicyuti ko dhAraNA kahA hai / 213 akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda ne smRti ke hetu ko dhAraNA kahA hai ,214 kintu vAdidevasUri ne dhAraNA ko smRti kA sAkSAt hetu mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA hai tathA use pAramparika hetu mAnA hai / 215 unake mata meM avAya jJAna jaba dRDhatama avasthA ko dhAraNa kara letA hai ,to use dhAraNA kahA jAtA hai / 216 hemacandra kA mata hai ki dhAraNA ke hone para hI smRti kA honA zakya hai, isalie dhAraNA ko smRti kA hetu mAnanA sarvathA ucita hai / 217 unakA kathana hai ki dhAraNA ke abhAva meM smRti rUpaparokSa jJAna nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki avagraha Adi tInoM jJAna to antarmuhUrta (adhikatama ar3atAlIsa miniTa) taka vidyamAna rahate haiM / 218 saMkSepa meM kaheM 208. avAha IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA ko samajhane ke lie nandIsUtra meM diye gaye udAharaNa draSTavya hai / dekhie, nandIsUtra, 35 (1) pratibodhaka dRSTAnta (2) mallaka dRSTAnta 209. nizcayAdhimukhaM sehA saMzayAddhinalakSaNA |-vidyaannd tattvAryazlokavArtika, 1.15.3 210. saMzayapUrvakatvAdIhAyAH saMzayA bhedH|-prmaannnvttvaalok, 2.11 211. iha cAvabahehaborantarAle abhyaste'pi viSaye saMzayajJAnamastyeva AzubhAvAttu nopalakSyate |-prmaannmiimaaNsaavRtti, 1.1.27.10 21 212.(1) avAyo vinishcyH|-lpiiymy 5 .(2) tasyaiva nirSayo'vAyaH -tatvAryazlokavArtika 1.16.4 . (3) iNhitvishessnirnnyo'vaayH|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.9 213. aviccuI dhAraNA hoi -vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 180 214.(1) dhAraNA smRtihetuH|- lapIvamaya (2) smRtihetuH sa dhAraNA- tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.15.4 215. svAdAdaralAkara, 2.10.10 349 216. sa eva dRDhatamAvasthApanno dhaarnnaa|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.10 217.smRtihetudhArakA pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.29 218. avabrahmAdavastu praantmaahuurtikaaH|-prmaannmiimaaNsaavRtti, 1.1.29

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pratyakSa-pramANa 143 to dhAraNA avAya rUpa meM nirNIta jJAna kA saMskAra hai,jo smRti kA hetu hai / avagraha,IhA,avAya evaM dhAraNA kA sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM Avazyaka krama hai,kintu zIghratA pUrvaka hone se krama kA bhAna nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra kamala ke saiMkar3oM pattoM ke sAtha chede jAne para yaha jJAna nahIM hotA ki kaunasA pattA kaba chedA gayA,kintu unakA chedana krama se hI hotA hai / 219 isI prakAra avagraha Adi bhI krama se hI hote haiM ,kintu zIghra sampanna hone ke kAraNa inake krama kA bodha nahIM rahatA hai / Adhunika yuga meM TelIphona se bAta karate samaya hameM lagatA hai ki dUsare hI kSaNa hamArI dhvani amerikA pahuMca gaI hai ,kintu vaijJAnika dRSTi se vaha dhvani bhI vidyut taraMgoM meM pariNata hokara krama se hI jAtI hai / zIghratA pUrvaka jAne se unake krama kA hameM bodha nahIM rahatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA bauddha pratyakSa-pramANa kA parIkSaNa jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddha pratyakSa-pramANa meM anekavidha doSoM kA udbhAvana kara vikalpAtmaka athavA svapara- nizyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai / digambara evaM zvetAmbara sampradAyoM ke jina jainAcAryoM ne bauddhapratyakSa kA sabala khaNDana kiyA hai unameM pramukha matlavAdI kSamAzramaNa, bhaTTa akalaGka, vidyAnanda, vAdirAja, abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ke dArzanika graMthoM ke AdhAra para yathAkrama yahAM bauddha pratyakSapramANa kA khaNDana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM dvArA pramukharUpeNa diinAga, dharmakIrti, prajJAkaragupta, zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi bauddha dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM ko khaNDana kA lakSya banAyA gayA hai / jaina dArzanika bauddha-pratyakSa kI AlocanA karate samaya bauddhadarzana ke prakANDa paNDita pratIta hote haiM ,kyoki anekatra ve bauddha pratyakSa-mImAMsA kA bauddhoM ke siddhAntoM se hI khaNDana karate hue dikhAI dete haiM tathA anekatra maulika takoM kA upasthApana kara pratyakSa ko savikalpAtmaka siddha karate haiN|. mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa tArkika ziromaNi matlavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne diinAga ke pratyakSa-lakSaNa ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthApita kara usakA maulika evaM vistRta khaNDana kiyA hai / TIkAkAra siMhasUri ne usakI samucita vyAkhyA kI hai| pUrvapakSa - ghaTAdi kI kalpanA se rahita jJAna pratyakSa hai / nAma,jAti, guNa,kriyA evaM dravya ke svarUpa ko prApta vastvantara kA nirUpaNa karanA athavA anusmaraNa karanA kalpanA hai| isa prakAra kI kalpanA se rahita pratyakSa jJAna indriya ke adhipati pratyaya se utpanna hotA hai| usakA viSaya asAdhAraNa artha (svalakSaNa) hotA hai / vaha zabdAtIta hotA hai tathA sabake lie AtmasaMvedya hotA hai| mallavAdI ke TIkAkAra siMhasUri ne kalpanA ko do prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA hai (1) yAdRcchikI 219. kvacit kramasyAnupalakSaNamevAmAzatpAdAt utpalapatrazatavyatibedakramabat-pramANanayatatvAloka,2.17

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA evaM (2) naimittikI / nAma yukta kalpanA ko yAdRcchikI tathA jAtyAdi se yukta kalpanA ko naimittikI kahA hai / siMhasUri kA kathana hai ki rUpa, Aloka, citta evaM cakSu se cakSurvijJAna utpanna hotA hai tathApi cakSu asAdhAraNa kAraNa hai ataH pratyakSa ko cakSurvijJAna zabda se vyapadiSTa kiyA jAtA hai| 220 1 144 pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hotA hai, ise mallavAdI ne abhidharmapiTaka ke vAkya dvArA nirUpita kiyA hai / tadanusAra cakSurvijJAnasaMtAna nIla ko jAnatA hai, kintu 'vaha nIla hai ' isa prakAra use zabdayukta nahIM jAnatA / prakaraNapAda meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'yaha nIla hai' isa prakAra kathana karane vAlA nIla artha ko nahIM dekhatA hai / abhidharmapiTaka meM ise hI 'arthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe dharmasaMjJI' kathana dvArA abhihita kiyA gayA hai| artha ko artha rUpa meM jAnanA arthasaMjJA tathA use yadRcchAdi nAma denA dharmasaMjJA hai / dharma ko nAma, pada evaM vyaMjanakAya kahA gayA hai| 221 uttarapakSa - AcArya mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ne diGnAga praNIta pratyakSa-lakSaNa ko kharaviSANAdi ke samAna alaukika hone ke kAraNa kalpita evaM niSphala siddha kiyA hai| mallavAdI kahate haiM ki diGnAga ke lakSaNa meM svavacana virodha hai, jisakA parihAra dustara hai / jisa prakAra diGnAgIya vacana kalpanAtmaka hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa nahIM hai, usI prakAra kalpanApoDha rUpa pratyakSalakSaNa bhI kalpanAtmaka hone ke kAraNa apratyakSa hai / diGnAga praNIta pratyakSa lakSaNa ko kalpanAtmaka siddha karane ke lie mallavAdI aneka tarka upasthApita karate haiM, yathA (1) nirUpaNavikalpAtmakatvAt - pratyakSa kA nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'yaha aisA hai'| usakA nirUpaNa karanA hI vikalpa hai / pratyakSa nirUpaNAtmaka hotA hai SaTatvAdi jJAna ke samAna / ataH vaha jJAna vikalpAtmaka siddha hotA hai| indriyajJAna bhI nirUpaNavikalpAtmaka hai, isakI siddhi ke lie mallavAdI ne Age tarka prastuta kiyA hai ki pratyakSa se Alambana ke viparIta jJAna hotA hai| (2) AlambanaviparItapratipattyAtmakatvAt - pratyakSa kA Alambana pratyaya dravyarUpa nIlAdi paramANu haiM, unakA samUha nIla pItAdi AkAravAn padArtha nahIM, kyoMki samUha rUpa nIlapItAdi kA AkAra paramArthasat nahIM, sarvRtisat hai / jabaki pratyakSa dvArA paramANusamUha athavA paramANusaMghAta kA jJAna hotA hai, pRthak-pRthak paramANuoM kA nahIM / dravya paramANuoM meM sabake nIla pItAdi AkAra bhinna-bhinna hone cAhie, kintu aisI pratipatti nahIM hotI / saMvRtisat rUpa se nIlapItAdi rUpa eka hI AkAra kA pratyakSa hotA hai| isa prakAra jaisA jJAna hotA hai vaisA Alambana nahIM hotaa| Alambana ke viparIta jJAna hone se yaha kalpanAtmaka hai, ataH pratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 220 draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 221. draSTavya, pariziSTa- kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa (3) adhyAropAtmakatvAt -jisa prakAra mANavaka meM siMhatva kA adhyAropa kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra dravyasat aNuoM meM nIlapIta Adi AkAra kA adhyAropa hotA hai, ataH pratyakSa kalpanAtmaka hai| (4) sAmAnyarUpaviSayatvAt - pratyakSa kA viSaya sAmAnya rUpa hotA hai / jisa prakAra agni sAmAnya kArISa,toSa,tArNa,pArNa Adi vizeSoM ke Azrita hotA hai,usI prakAra pratyakSa kA viSaya sAmAnya bhI aneka dravyaparamANuoM ke Azrita hotA hai| (5) tadatadviSayavRttitvAt - aneka paramANu samUha se pratyakSa jJAna utpanna hotA hai| usameM samUha asattvarUpa hotA hai tathA samUhI dravyasat-paramANu sattva rUpa hote haiN| ina donoM tad atad ke abheda grahaNa se nIlAdhAkAra rUpa jJAna utpanna hotA hai / kahA gayA hai - 'guNoM kA paramArtha rUpa dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| jo dRSTigata hotA hai vaha mAyA ke samAna tuccha hotA hai| 222 pratyakSa meM isa prakAra sad evaM asad donoM kA abheda grahaNa hone se vaha vikalpAtmaka hai| mallavAdI niSkarSarUpeNa bauddha pratyakSa ko kalpanAtmaka siddha karate haiM / ve pratipAdita karate haiM ki anumAnAdi jJAna jisa prakAra kalpanAtmaka hone se apratyakSa haiM,usI prakAra indriyajJAnAdi bauddha pratyakSa bhI kalpanAtmaka hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa nahIM kahe jA skte|223 pratyakSa kI avyapadezyatA kA khaNDana-diinAga pratyakSa ko nAma,jAti,guNa,kriyA evaM dravya kI yojanA se hIna arthAt avyapadezya yA anabhilApya pratipAdita karate haiM / mallavAdI ne usakA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai / mallavAdI kahate haiM ki pratyeka rUpa paramANu ke bhinna-bhinna hone para unake avivikta rUpasaMghAta tattva kA indriya se sannikarSa hone para jo Alambana viparIta jJAna hotA hai use bauddha avyapadezya mAnate haiM,kintu zabda se abhidheya ko hI vyapadezya nahIM kahA jAtA, apitu hetu athavA arthAntara se adhigamya artha ko bhI vyapadezya kahA jAtA hai / bauddha ke dvArA bhI jo indriyajJAna pratyakSa kahA gayA hai vaha saMcayagrahaNa rUpa nimittAntara se janya hai ataH vaha bhI abhilApya athavA vyapadezya hai| 224 bauddha dArzanika diGnAga ne apane pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM abhidharmaphTika ke jina do vAkyoM "cakSurvijJAnasamaMgI nIlaM vijAnAti to tu nIlamiti" tathA "arthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe dharmasaMjJIti" ko AdhAra banAyA hai 225,unakA bhI mallavAdI ne khaNDana kiyA hai| "cakSurvijJAnasamaGgI nIlaM vijAnAti no tu nIlamiti" vAkya kA khaNDana - pratyakSa kI utpatti ke lie jo saJcitAlambanAH paJcavijJAnakAyA: ' siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai usakA 222. guNAnAM paramaM rUpaM na dRSTipathamRcchati / yat tu dRSTipathaprAptaM tanmAyeva sutucchakam / SaSTitantra, uddhRta, dAdazAranayacakra (ja) bhAga - 1, pR. 63 223. draSTavya, pariziSTa -kha 224. draSTavya, pariziSTa -kha 225. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa,.14

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146 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratyakSa ke svalakSaNa mAtra viSaya se virodha dikhAI detA hai aura pratyakSa-lakSaNa ke udAharaNa rUpa meM jo 'cakSurvijJAnasamar3I nIlaM vijAnAti no tu nIlamiti' kathana kiyA gayA hai vaha bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki cakSu ke dvArA rUpamAtra kA grahaNa hotA hai saMcaya kA nhiiN| saMcaya kA grahaNa nahIM hone se saMcitAlambana kI kalpanA vyartha siddha hotI hai| saMcaya saMvRtisat hai,ataH vaha paramArthataH asattva hai tathA rUparahita hai| cakSu dvArA rUparahita saMcaya kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA, phalataH cakSu,indriya ke rUpa meM hI siddha nahIM hotaa| rUpa paramANu svalakSaNoM kA bhI cakSu indriya dvArA grahaNa nahIM hotA, kyoMki ve paramANu atIndriya hone se cakSu indriya ke viSaya nahIM banate / isa prakAra saMcaya tathA paramANu donoM meM cakSu dvArA rUpa kA grahaNa nahIM ho pAtA, phalataH cakSu indriya ke dvArA hone vAlA cakSurvijJAna utpanna nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra rUpa kA grahaNa nahIM kara pAne ke kAraNa cakSu ko cakSu nahIM kahA jA sakatA usI prakAra anyathA artha pratipatti ke kAraNa vijJAna ko bhI vijJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / rUpahIna saMcaya kI rUpa ke rUpa meM pratipatti tathA rUpamAtra kI saMcaya ke rUpa meM pratipatti honA anyathA arthapratipatti hai / jisa prakAra alAta ko ghumAne para jo cakra kI pratipatti hotI hai,vaha anyathA pratipatti hai,usI prakAra yahAM jo cakSurvijJAna hotA hai vaha anyathApratipattyAtmaka hotA hai| ___cakSu evaM vijJAna kA khaNDana karane ke pazcAt usI AdhAra para mallavAdI ne usake samaMgitva kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai / rUpa kA grahaNa hue binA cakSurvijJAna kA samaMgana (santAna) kaise hogA? saMcaya to rUpa hai nahIM,ataHusakA cakSurvijJAna nahIM hotA tathA atIndriya hone se rUpANuoM kA bhI cakSurvijJAna nahIM hotA ataH inakA samaMgana (santAna) nahIM ho sktaa| cakSurvijJAna kI santAna nIla ko jAnatI hai yaha mAnanA bhI ucita nahI hai,kyoMki tadAkAra jJAna kI utpatti ke hetu kA abhAva hai / jisa prakAra dagdha puruSa ko dAha ke anubhava kA jJAna nahIM hotA, kyoMki usameM tadAkAra jJAna kI utpatti ke hetu kA abhAva hai |isii prakAra nIlAkAra jJAna kI utpatti ke hetu nIlarUpa kA cakSurvijJAna meM abhAva hai |atH usakI santAna nIlarUpa ko nahIM jAnatI hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki nIlarUpa evaM saMcaya donoM milakara jJAna ke kAraNa banate haiM, to aisA nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki donoM kA yugapad jJAna honA asaMbhava hai| siMhasUri ne bauddha pakSa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki nIlaparamANu zivikodvAhanyAya se samudita hokara jJAna ke kAraNa banate haiM,eka eka nhiiN| nIlaparamANuoM se atirikta koI samudAya nahIM hai| isa prakAra nIlaparamANuoM kA samudAya jJAna kA kAraNa hai / siMhasUri isakA pratiSedha karate hue kahate haiM ki nIlaparamANu evaM unake samudAya ko milAkara jJAna kA kAraNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa|226 pratiSedhArtha siMhasUri ne bauddha graMtha ke kathana ko uddhRta kiyA 226. syAnmatam-ta eva hi nIlaparamANava: pratyekaM zivikotAhanyAyena samuditAca kAraNaM na cakaikaH na ca samudAyastavyatirikto'stItyubhayakAraNatvaM jJAnasya, tasmAjAnotpattihetvabhAvAsiddhiriti / -nyAyAgamAnusAriNI, dvAdazAranayacakra(ba) bhAga-1,pR.73.9-11,dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika meM bhI isa Azaya ke zloka milate haiN| draSTavya yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa,100

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pratyakSa-pramANa hai, tadanusAra 'jisa prakAra eka jJAna do arthoM ko nahIM jAnatA hai usI prakAra do jJAna eka artha ko nahIM jAnate hai / 227 147 saMcaya evaM nIlarUpa kA eka jJAna hone ke kAraNa yadi inako eka jJeya mAnA jAya to samasta padArtha sabhI rUpa ho jAyeMge arthAt sarvasarvAtmavAditA kA prasaMga A jAyegA / I isa prakAra mallavAdI ne 'cakSurvijJAnasamaMgI nIlaM vijAnAti' ko anupapanna siddha kiyA hai| ve 'no nIlamiti' vAkyAMza ko upayukta ThaharAte hue kahate haiM ki 'no nIlamiti' kathanAMza hI ghaTita ho pAtA hai, kyoMki yahAM nIlaparamANu ke AkAra kA niyata jJAna utpanna hone ke hetu kA abhAva rahatA hai samudAya se niyatajJAna utpanna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki usameM nIlatva kA abhAva hai| bhinna-bhinna paramANuoM ke saMhata hone para sarasoM ke Dhera kI bhAMti unakA jJAna hotA hai, to yaha bhI kathana ayukta hai, kyoMki ve nIlaparamANu paraspara bhinna haiM unakI nIlatA pratiparamANu bhinna hai, vaha svAzraya paramANu se anyatra nahIM hai, atadrUpa hone se| ataH eka dUsare kI nIlatA anya paramANu meM nahIM AtI / phalataH samasta paramANuoM kI nIlatA ko sarasoM kI rAzi kI bhAMti eka sAtha nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, kyoMki saba paramANuoM kI nIlatA bhinna-bhinna hai| jAti, AkAra Adi se ve nIla paramANu eka nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ve paraspara atyanta vyAvRtta haiN| atyanta vyAvRtta isalie haiM kyoMki ve dravyasadrUpa haiN| dravyasadrUpa hone kA artha hai jisakA anya se nirapekSa apanA vivikta svarUpa ho| una dravyasadrUpa paramANuoM kA cakSu dvArA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki cakSurvijJAna samaMgI nIla ko nahIM jAnatA hai / isa prakAra pratyakSa kI utpatti ke vidhAyaka vAkya 'cakSurvijJAnasamaMgI nIlaM vijAnAti no tu nIlamiti' kA artha prakaTa hotA hai ki cakSurvijJAna kA saMcita Alambana vAlA santAna saMcaya rUpa saMvRttisat ko nIla rUpa meM jAnatA hai jo ki asat hai tathA vahI cakSu indriya dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| vastutaH bauddha mata me nIla asadrUpa nahIM hotA hai| vaha to paramArtha sat hotA hai| paramArtha sat paramANu hI nIla hote haiM, saMcaya nahIM / tAtparya yaha hai ki cakSurvijJAna kA santAna paramArtha nIla ko nahIM jAnatA hai, saMcayarUpa nIla ko jAnatA hai| 228 'arthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe dharmasaMjJI' vAkya kA khaNDana- bhAvanA vAkya 'arthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe gharsasaMjJIti' bhI ucita siddha nahIM hotaa| mallavAdI ne isakA khaNDana karate hue isa vAkya ko ulaTa kara rakha diyA hai, yathA 'anarthe'rthasaMjJI, na ca kadAcit kazcidapyarthe dharmasaMjJI' / saMvRtisat hone se samudAya anartha hai| bauddhamata meM anartha rUpa samudAya meM hI dravyasat nIla paramANu kA jJAna hotA hai, artha rUpa dravyasat paramANuoM me nIla kA jJAna nahIM hotA, kyoMki ve paramANu atIndriya hone se indriya ke 227. vijAnAti na vijJAnamekamarthadvayaM yathA / ekamarthaM vijAnAti na vijJAnadvayaM tathA / - catuHzatI 268, uddhRta, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga-1, pR. 73 228. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha

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148 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA viSaya nahIM banate / ataH anarthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe'rthasaMjJI kathana ucita siddha hotA hai / nIla paramANu rUpa artha meM kabhI bhI dharmasaMjJA nahIM hotI hai ,kyoMki vaha atIndriya hone se Atyantika rUpa se sarvadA agrAhya hotA hai / vastutaH anartha meM hI dharmasaMjJA hotI hai,kyoMki saMcaya evaM nAma Adi donoM kalpanAtka hote hai,unameM kalpanA kA apoha asaMbhava hai / zUnya ko zUnya se guNA karane para zUnya hI prApta hotA hai / isI prakAra asat viSaya se kalpanA bhI asat evaM nirmUla siddha hotI hai / 229 bauddha-pratyakSa kI apratyakSatA-diGnAga praNIta pratyakSa kA khaNDana diGnAgavAkyoM ke dvArA karane me bhI mallavAdI siddhahasta haiM / pramANasamuccaya meM diinAga ne pratyakSa ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai 'tatrAnekArthajanyatvAt svArthe sAmAnyagocaram , (draSTavya,yahI adhyAya,pAdaTippaNa,97) arthAt pratyakSa kI utpatti aneka svalakSaNa paramANuoM se hotI hai,eka svalakSaNa paramANu yA artha se nahIM / isalie svalakSaNoM meM sAmAnyagocaratA hotI hai| mallavAdI ne kalpanApoDha evaM svalakSaNaviSayaka bauddha pratyakSa kA khaNDana karate samaya diinAga ke uparyukta vAkya kA upayoga karate hue kahA hai-diGnAga dvArA nirdiSTa pratyakSa apratyakSarUpa hai,isake do hetu bauddhoM ke dvArA prastuta kara diye gaye haiM / ve do hetu haiM- (1) anekArthajanyatvAt evaM (2) svArthe sAmAnyagocaratvAt / aneka paramANusvalakSaNoM (artha) se janya hone ke kAraNa bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita pratyakSa anumAna kI bhAMti apratyakSa hai / anumAna jisa prakAra pakSadharma Adi aneka arthoM se janya hone se apratyakSa hai usI prakAra pratyakSa bhI aneka paramANu svalakSaNa arthoM se janya hone ke kAraNa apratyakSa pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa (svArtha) sAmAnya rUpa meM gRhIta hotA hai isalie bhI pratyakSa,anumAna kI bhAMti apratyakSa siddha hotA hai| yadi anekArthajanya hone para bhI tathA svalakSaNa ke sAmAnyagocara hone para bhI use pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai to anumAna-pramANa bhI pratyakSa rUpa meM siddha hone lagegA / isa prakAra eka hI pramANa mAnanA paryApta hogaa| vastutaH sva evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa eka hI viSaya hai ataH usake AdhAra para pratyakSa evaM anumAna meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|230 isa prakAra mallavAdI ne diGnAga praNIta pratyakSa ko nirUpaNAtmaka hone se,Alambana ke viparIta pratipattyAtmaka hone se,adhyAropAtmaka hone se,sAmAnyarUpa viSayAtmaka hone se,sat evaM asat donoM kA abheda grAhaka hone se vikalpAtmaka siddha kiyA hai ,sAtha hI hetvantara se janya hone ke kAraNa use vyapadezya batalAyA hai| abhidharmapiTaka ke donoM vAkyoM kA khaNDana bhI pratyakSa kI vikalpAtmakatA ko siddha karatA hai,yahI nahIM mallavAdI ne pratyakSa ko anekArthajanya evaM svArthasAmAnyagocara hone se 229. draSTavya, pariziSTa -kha 230.draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa bauddha pratyakSalakSaNa ke anusAra anupapanna evaM apratyakSa ThaharAyA hai| bhaTTa akalaGka akalaGkane bauddha pratyakSa-pramANa kA parIkSaNa apane nyAyagraMthoM meM anekatra kiyA hai / laghIyastraya, siddhivinizcaya evaM nyAyavinizcaya isake saMdarbha meM pramukha graMtha haiN| akalaGka kA mata hai ki vikalpAtmaka arthAt nizcayAtmaka jJAna hI pratyakSa pramANa hotA hai, nirvikalpAtmaka athavA anizcayAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ve vikalpa kA artha nizcaya karate hue pratIta hote haiM / zabdasaMsarga athavA usakI yogyatA mAtra ko ve vikalpa kI saMjJA nahIM dete / akalaGka dvArA kiye gaye bauddha pratyakSa-lakSaNa ke parIkSaNa se yaha bhalI bhAMti spaSTa hotA hai| akala ke graMthoM meM bauddha -pratyakSa ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM vidhivat sthApita kara usakA khaNDana nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu ve yathAprasaMga bauddhamata kA ullekha kara athavA ullekha kiye binA hI tattatprakaraNa meM sIdhA usakA khaNDana karane hetu pravRta ho jAte haiM / ve kutracit bauddha kArikAoM kA kiJcit saMzodhana kara bauddhamata kA nirasana karate hue dikhAI dete haiM / mallavAdI kI lekhanI kA lakSya jahAM kevala bauddhadArzanika diDnAga hai,vahAM akalaGkakI lekhanI ke lakSya,dharmakIrti, prajJAkaragupta evaM zAntarakSita bhI haiN| nirUpaNAtmaka hone se pratyakSa sarvathA nirvikalpaka nahIM- apane tatvArthavArtika meM kalpanApoDha lakSaNa kA khaNDana karate hue akalaGka bauddhoM se pUchate haiM ki pratyakSa ko sarvathA kalpanApoDha kahA gayA hai, athavA kathaJcit kalpanApo kahA gayA hai? yadi sarvathA kalpanArahita kahA gayA hai to "kalpanA se rahita jJAna pramANa hai" ityAdi kalpanAoM se bhI use rahita honA caahie| yadi usakA nirUpaNa saMbhava hai to pratyakSa ko sarvathA kalpanA rahita kahanA khaNDita ho jAtA hai / yadi pratyakSa kathaJcit kalpanApoDha hotA hai to ekAntavAda kA tyAga hone se bauddhamata kA vyAghAta hotA hai tathA prakArAntarase anekAntavAda kA prahaNa ho jAtA hai / 231 nirvikalpaka jJAna se hitAhita kA nirNaya nahIM-akalaGkakA mata hai ki jo jJAna saMvyavahAra ke lie anupayogI hai use pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa|232 akiJcitkara nirvikalpaka darzana saMvyavahAra ke lie anupayogI hai ataHvaha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| pramANa se hita kI prApti evaM ahita ke parihAra kA jJAna hotA hai / 233 nirvikalpaka jJAna se hitAhita kA jJAna nahIM hotA ,ataH usakA nizcaya hue binA puruSa usakI prApti athavA parihAra ke lie pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra nirvikalpaka jJAna pratyakSa pramANa siddha nahIM hotA / vikalpAtmaka athavA nizcayAtmaka jJAna se hita kI prApti evaM ahita 231. dravya, pariziSTa-kha 232. bauddhadArzanika dharmakIrti ne bhI kahA hai - prAmANyaM vyvhaarenn|-prmaannvaartik, 1.7 233. prajJAkaragupta ne bhI etadarthaka kadana kiyA hai, yathA heyopAdeyaviSaye pravartakaM hi pramANamucyate |'-prmaannvaartikbhaassy pU.22

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150 ke parityAga kA vicAra hotA hai, ataH vahI tattvataH pramANa hai / niyAtmaka jJAna hI avisaMvAdaka-jisa prakAra ajJAnI puruSa viSa ko dekhakara bhI usake hAnilAbha kA samyak nirNaya nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra nirvikalpaka pratyakSa se hAna evaM upAdAna kA nirNaya nahIM hotA / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa nizcayAtmaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa avisaMvAdaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA tathA avisaMvAdaka nahIM hone se vaha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| jo jJAna, vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai vahI avisaMvAdaka hotA hai evaM avisaMvAdaka jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai| nirvikalpaka jJAna vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA, ataH vaha avisaMvAdaka bhI nahIM hotA hai / phalataH use pramANa bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa|' .234 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA bauddhadArzanika sukhAdi evaM nIlAdi ke nirbhAsI nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnate haiM, kyoMki vaha avisaMvAdaka hotA hai| akalaGka isakA nirasana karate hue pratipAdita karate haiM ki vikalpAtmaka jJAna hI avisaMvAdaka hotA hai, kyoMki vaha vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai| avisaMvAdI pratyakSa pramANa ko nirvikalpaka mAnane para kSaNa-kSayAdi kI siddhi ke samAna usakI siddhi ke lie bhI anya anumAna Adi pramANoM kI AvazyakatA utpanna hogI, kyoMki nirvikalpaka to nizcayAtmaka hotA nahIM hai| usakA nizcaya hue binA avisaMvAdakatA siddha nahIM hotI aura avisaMvAdakatA ke binA use pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 235 nirvikalpaka jJAna svalakSaNoM meM bheda kA avyavasthApaka- pratyakSa kA kalpanApoDha evaM abhrAnta lakSaNa visaMvAda ko hI utpanna karatA hai, kyoMki usase yathAdRSTa artha kA nirNaya nahIM hotaa| svalakSaNagrAhI avikalpaka jJAna yathArtha pratibhAsita artha kA vyavasAya karane meM samartha nahIM hai, ataH vaha avisaMvAdaka nahIM hai| nirvikalpa svabhAva vAle pratyakSa se advaita kI bhAMti svalakSaNa kA vyavasthApana bhI zakya nahIM hai, kyoMki nirvikalpakatA se bheda kA jJAna nahIM hotA / ataH usase vibhinna svalakSaNoM meM bheda rUpa vyavasthApana saMbhava nahIM hai / 236 vikalpAtmaka jJAna hI vizadAvabhAsaka-akalaGka dharmakIrti kA khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita karate haiM ki saba ora se cintana (vikalpa) ko sameTa lene para bhI savikalpa jJAna kA hI avabhAsana hotA hai, nirvikalpaka kA nahIM / zAntacitta manuSya bhI cakSu se rUpayukta, saMsthAnayukta, sthUla, eka evaM aneka sUkSma svabhAvoM vAle padArtha kA hI pratyakSa karatA hai, asAdhAraNa ekAnta svalakSaNa kA nhiiN| vikalpAtmaka jJAna meM hI bAhya arthoM kA vizada avabhAsana hotA hai| sva-saMvedana se bhI vikalpAtmaka .237 234. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 235. draSTavya, pariziSTa- skha 236. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 237. yahAM akalaGka ke khaNDana kA lakSya dharmakIrti kI yaha kArikA haisaMhRtya sarvatazcinta sAkSajA mati: / draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 85

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pratyakSa-pramANa jJAna kI hI vizuddhatA jJAta hotI hai| isalie vikalpAtmaka jJAna hI vizada evaM pratyakSa hotA hai / 238 vikalpotpAdaka mAnane se pratyakSa ekAntataH vikalparahita nahIM hotA-akalaGka kahate haiM ki koI bhI pratyakSa jJAna sarvathA vikalparahita nahIM hotA, kyoMki sarvathA avikalpa buddhi se vikalpa jJAna kA utpanna honA zakya nahIM hai / 239 yaha saMbhava hai ki svalakSaNa-bheda kI bhAMti kalpanAeM pratyakSa meM upalakSita nahIM hoM, kintu pratyakSa meM unakA abhAva nahIM hotaa| ve pratikSaNa utpanna evaM naSTa hotI rahatI haiN| 151 bauddha kahate haiM ki sadRza apara- apara kSaNoM kI utpatti honeM se artha ke vizeSa svarUpa svalakSaNa kA bodha nahIM hotA, usake sadRza kSaNoM meM hI manuSya ko paramArtha kSaNa kA bhrama hotA rahatA hai / akalaGka isakA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki bauddha mata meM kSaNabhaMgavAda ke kAraNa do kSaNoM meM sarvathA sAdRzya aniSTa evaM ayukta hai / vastutaH pratyakSa meM samasta kalpanAoM kA ekAnta viraha saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki sarvathA avikalpa buddhi punaH vikalpa ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatI / 240 avikalpa evaM abhrAnta jJAna pratyakSa nahIM, pratyakSAbhAsa hai| indriyoM evaM unake viSayoM kA nizcaya karane vAle jainoM ke pratyakSa meM hI avisaMvAditA kA niyama hai, kyoMki usameM vyavasAyAtmakatA hai| bauddha yadi samasta vikalpoM ko vitatha yA mithyA mAnate haiM, to yaha ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki vikalpa ke abhAva meM bauddha dArzanika pratyakSa pramANa kA vyavasthApana nahIM kara sakate / vikalpoM se paramArthataH ne pratyakSa kI pramANa-vyavasthA kI hai, aisA bauddha kathana "jahAM yaha isa prakAra ke vikalpa ko utpanna karatA hai, vahAM hI usakI pramANatA hai" 241 se bhI puSTa hotA hai| 242 pratyakSa abhilApa ke saMsargayogya hotA hai- akalaGka nyAyadArzanikoM kI bhAMti pratipAdita karate haiM ki pratyakSa dvArA jisa prameya kA jJAna hotA hai vaha kisI vizeSaNa se viziSTa hotA hai| vizeSaNa, vizeSya evaM unake sambandha kA grahaNa kiye binA kisI prameya kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| sva evaM artha kA indriya se sannikarSa hone para jo jJAna hotA hai vaha eka sthUla prameya kA jJAna hotA hai vaha abhilApa (vAcaka zabda ) ke saMsarga yogya hotA hai / use abhilApa ke saMsarga ke ayogya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki abhilApasaMsarga ke ayogya mAnane para sadRza viSaya kI smRti kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai / akSANika evaM sthUla-AkAraka vastu kA pratyakSa-akalaGka bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki kSaNika paramANu rUpa svalakSaNoM ko dekhatA huA bhI puruSa kevala akSaNika evaM sthUla AkAra kA hI spaSTa jJAna kara pAtA 238. draSTavya, pariziSTa kha 239. bauddhadArzanika zAntarakSita ne avikalpa jJAna ko vikalpa kI utpatti meM samartha batalAyA hai / draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAda TippaNa, 120 240. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 241. yatraiva janayedenAm tatraivAsya pramANatA - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga 1, pR. 523 evaM siddhivinizcayaTIkA pR0 108 242. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha

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152 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hai| usakA hI nizcaya ho pAtA hai ataH vaha nizcayAtmaka jJAna hI vizadajJAna hai / usase hI sAdRzya kI smRti ho pAtI hai| vizada jJAna hI pratyakSa pramANa hai| nirvikalpaka jJAna avyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa vizada nahIM kahA jA sakatA |atH vaha pratyakSa nahIM,pratyakSAbhAsa hai / 243 avibhakta pratyakSa meM vikalpa evaM prAnti sambhava nahIM-dharmakIrti ne jJAna ko vijJAnavAda kI dRSTi se avibhakta kahate hue bhI use grAhya -grAhaka kI dRSTi se vibhAgI mAnA hai / 244 akalaGka ne isa kathana ko AdhAra banAte hue "kalpanApoDhamaprAntaM pratyakSam" kA khaNDana kiyA hai / akalaGkakahate haiM ki yadi pratyakSa avibhakta hotA hai to vaha bAhara se vibhakta kI bhAMti kyoM pratIta hotA hai ? usameM kalpanA evaM prAnti kaise saMbhava hotI hai ? kalpanA rahita evaM aprAnta jJAna meM bhI jaba vikalpa evaM prAnti saMbhava hai to pratyakSa evaM pratyakSAbhAsa meM bheda pradarzita karane kA AdhAra nahIM rahatA hai / yadi svayaM avibhakta jJAna meM kalpanA se racita grAhya-grAhaka jJAna kA bheda jJAta hotA hai to usI prakAra eka candramA ko dekhane vAle puruSa ko dvicandra kI mAnasI prAnti ho sakatI hai| ataH pratyakSa ko kalpanApoDha nahIM kahA jA sktaa|245 vyasAyAtmaka jJAna kI hI smRti sambhava-akalaGka ke mata meM vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kI hI smRti ho sakatI hai| darzana, abhyAsa, pATava,prakaraNa Adi bhI vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna meM hI ho sakate haiN| kSaNika evaM avyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kI smRti nahIM ho sakatI,ataHdharmakIrti Adi bauddha dArzanikoM ke dvArA kalpita pratyakSa sarvathA avyavasAyAtmaka nahIM ,apitu vyavasAyAtmaka athavA vikalpAtmaka honA caahie| kyoMki pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM mAnane para kSaNabhaMgAdi kI siddhi ke lie bhI liGga kA smaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| liGga kA smaraNa hue binA anumAna kI pravRtti bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / bauddhoM ne pratyakSa meM rahe hue samAropa kA nivAraNa karane ke lie anumAna kI pravRtti Avazyaka mAnI hai,kintu akalaGka kahate haiM ki samAropa ke vyavaccheda ke AkAMkSI puruSa ke lie nirvikalpaka jJAna meM prAmANya mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai| __ akalaGkane vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna meM hI vaizadya svIkAra kiyA hai ,kyoMki vizadajJAna kI hI smRti saMbhava hai| vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna se janya saMskAra dvArA hI pratyabhijJAna hotA hai / vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kI vizadatA kA anubhava se virodha nahIM hai / 246 nairAtmyavAda meM pramANa prameya evaM phala-vyavasthA anupapanna-bauddha dArzanika nairAtmyavAdI haiN| ataH bhaTTa akalaGkane nairAtmyavAdako AdhArabanAkara bhI pratyakSa ke aprAnta lakSaNakA khaNDana kiyA hai / akalaGka kahate haiM ki samasta padArthoM kA nairAtmya pratipAdita karake pratyakSa ko aprAnta kahanA unmattatA hai| 243. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha24. avibhAgo'pi budyAtmaviparyAsitadarzanaiH / mAyagrAhakasaMvittibhedavAniva lakSyate |-prmaannvaartik, 2.354 245. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 246.draSTavya pariziSTa-kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa nairAtmya kI svIkRti meM yathAdarzana pramANa, prameya evaM phala kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakatI / 247. jaba taka AtmA ko svIkAra na kiyA jAya taba taka pramAtA vahI hai, yaha nizcaya nahIM hotA aura pramAtA ke eka hue binA pramANa, prameya evaM phala meM vyavasthA bana pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai / phalasvarUpa nairAtmyavAda meM yathAtattva kA na to jJAna ho sakatA hai aura na dUsaroM ko hI jJAna karAyA jA sakatA hai| 248 isa prakAra mallavAdI ke anantara bhaTTa akalaGka ne nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke khaNDanArtha aneka naye tarka upasthApita kiye haiM tathA pratyakSa ko vikalpAtmaka siddha kiyA hai| akalaGka nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko svalakSaNoM meM bheda kA vyavasthApaka nahIM mAnate haiM tathA use avizada, anizcayAtmaka, visaMvAdI evaM saMvyavahAra ke lie anupayogI siddha karate haiN| vikalpAtmaka athavA nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko hI akalaGka avisaMvAdI, saMvyavahAra ke lie upayogI evaM vizada pratipAdita karate haiN| yahI nahIM akalaGka nirvikalpaka jJAna ko pratyakSAbhAsa siddha kara akSaNika evaM sthUla AkAra ke grAhaka savikalpAtmaka jJAna ko pratyakSa siddha karate haiM / akalaGka ne pratyakSa pramANa ko vizeSaNa vizeSya yukta vastu kA grAhaka evaM abhilApa ke saMsargayogya bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unhone vizadatA kI kasauTI smRti ko batAyA hai / jo jJAna vizada hotA hai vahI smaraNayogya hotA hai| avizada jJAna smRti meM nahIM raha sakatA / smRti ke sAtha abhyAsa, pATava Adi kI upapatti bhI akalaGka vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna meM hI svIkAra karate haiM avyavasAyAtmaka athavA nirvikalpAtmaka jJAna meM nahIM / vidyAnanda yadyapi vidyAnanda ke cintana para akalaGka kA prabhAva hai, tathApi vidyAnanda ne bauddha-pratyakSa kA khaNDana karate samaya kucha maulika tarka diye haiM jinakA anusaraNa abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri Adi dArzanikoM ne bhI kiyA hai / kalpanA ke cAra artha-dharmakIrtipraNIta pratyakSa lakSaNa "kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM pratyakSam " kA khaNDana karane ke lie udyata vidyAnanda ne bauddhoM kI ora se kalpanA ke cAra artha kalpita kiye haiM: (1) aspaSTa pratIti kalpanA hai (2) sva evaM artha kI nizciti kalpanA hai (3) abhilApavatI pratIti kalpanA hai athavA (4) abhilApa saMsargayogya pratIti kalpanA hai| kalpanA ke ina cAra svarUpoM meM se prArambhika do ko vidyAnanda ne kalpanA rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu aspaSTa pratIti rUpa kalpanA kA jaina sammata pratyakSalakSaNa meM parihAra kiyA hai tathA sva evaM artha kI vyavasiti rUpa kalpanA ko jaina pratyakSalakSaNa meM Avazyaka mAnA hai / antima do svarUpoM ko graMtha kA AkAra baDhAne vAlA batalAkara unheM mahattva nahIM diyA hai / 249 247. dharmakIrti ne pramANa, prameya evaM phala kI vyavasthA yathAdarzana svIkAra kI haiyathAnudarzanaM ceyaM meyamAnaphalasthiti: / kriyate vidyamAnApi grAhyagrAhakasaMvidAm // - pramANavArtika 2.357 153 248. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 249. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 250 dharmakIrti ne vikalpoM se anuviddha jJAna meM sphuTa pratibhAsa kA niSedha kiyA hai| isakA artha hai ki dharmakIrti ke mata meM nirvikalpaka jJAna sphuTa yA spaSTa hotA hai aura aspaSTa pratIti kalpanA hotI hai / kintu aspaSTa pratIti ko kalpanA kahane se jainadArzanika pratyakSa kA koI virodha nahIM hai, kyoMki jainadarzana meM bhI spaSTatA yA vizadatA ko pratyakSa kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai ataH pratyakSa meM aspaSTa pratIti rUpa kalpanA kA apoDha honA vidyAnanda ko bhI abhISTa hai| vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki aspaSTa pratIti ke artha meM pratyakSa ko kalpanApoDha kahanA siddha sAdhana hai, kyoMki pratyakSa spaSTa hotA hai ataH usameM avaizadya kA vyavaccheda karanA Avazyaka hai| aspaSTa pratibhAsa rUpa pratIti kA nirAkaraNa kiye binA pratyakSa evaM anumAna meM koI bheda nahIM raha pAtA hai| 251 154 pratyakSa vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai- kalpanA kA artha sva evaM artha kI nizciti karane para vidyAnanda use pratyakSa meM Avazyaka mAnate haiN| aisI kalpanA kA ve pratyakSa-lakSaNa se parihAra nahIM karate, kyoMki pratyakSa sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka hotA hai| ataH pratyakSa kA usase rahita honA asaMbhava hai / vidyAnanda ne bauddhamata meM bhI kalpanApoDha lakSaNa ko kadAcit anupapanna siddha karate hue kahA hai ki bauddhoM ko bhI mAnasa- pratyakSa kA vyavasAyAtmaka honA abhISTa hai| mAnasa - pratyakSa indriya-pratyakSa ke anantarautpanna hotA hai tathA indriya pratyakSa ke dvArA gRhIta svalakSaNa ko grahaNa karatA hai, isalie use vyavasAyAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA hai / mAnasapratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka svIkAra karate hue vyavasAyAtmakatA kA pratyakSa meM apoha karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| 252 bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne samasta vikalpoM kA saMhAra hone kI avasthA meM pratyakSa ko pratyAtmavedya evaM nirvikalpaka mAnA hai| jainadArzanika akalaGka kA mantavya hai ki vikalpa rahita sthiracitta vAle puruSa ko bhI cakSu se sthUla AkAraka vastu dikhAI detI hai, svalakSaNa vastu nahIM, ataH pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki citta kA saba ora se saMhAra karane para bhI puruSa ko cakSu se rUpa evaM sva kA spaSTa vyavasAya hotA hai| vidyAnanda ke anusAra citta kI vikalparahita avasthA meM bhI sva evaM para kA nizcAyaka jJAna vidyamAna rahatA hai| yaha nizcAyakajJAna svapara vyavasAyAtmakatA se rahita nahIM hotaa| isalie pratyakSAnubhUti ke kAraNa pratyakSa ko svapara vyavasAyAtmaka rUpa kalpanA se rahita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pratyakSa kI kalpanApoDhatA anumAna se bhI siddha nahIM- anumAna se bhI pratyakSa kalpanApoDha siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki punaH vikalpa karate hue puruSa ko "mujhe sva evaM artha kA nizcaya huA thA athavA maiMne ghaTAdi padArtha ko jAnA thA " isa prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai| nizcayAtmaka jJAna hue binA usakI evaMvidha smRti nahIM ho sakatI / indriyapratyakSa se jisa prakAra bauddhoM ne vastu ke kSaNikatva kA jJAna svIkAra nahIM 250. na vikalpAnubaddhasyAsti sphuTArthAvabhAsitA / - pramANavArtika 2.283 251. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 252. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa 155 kiyA hai usI prakAra nirvikalpaka indriyapratyakSa se jJAta artha kA smaraNa bhI nahIM ho sktaa| yadi abhyAsAdi meM azva kI kalpanA karate hue bhI godarzana kI smRti dekhI jAtI hai to vaha vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ke kAraNa hI dekhI jAtI hai, nirvikalpakatA ke kAraNa nhiiN|253 isa prakAra vidyAnanda ne akalaGka ke dvArA dI gaI yukti ko hI Age baDhAyA hai| sAmAnyavizeSAtpaka artha kA jJAna savikalpaka hI hotA hai-bauddha dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki pratyakSa kI utpatti artha-sAmarthya se hotI hai, isalie vaha nirvikalpaka hotA hai, kintu unakI isa mAnyatA kA vidyAnanda yaha kaha kara nirAkaraNa kara dete haiM ki artha jAtyAdhAtmaka athavA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hotA hai evaM usase utpanna jJAna nirvikalpaka nahIM savikalpaka hI hotA hai| vaha savikalpaka pratyakSa jJAna paramArthataH sphuTa yA vizada hotA hai / usa para vaizadha kA Aropa nahIM hotA evaM vaha nirvikalpaka bhI nahIM hotA hai / bauddha dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki artha se nirvikalpaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai tathA nirvikalpaka se savikalpaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai / vidyAnanda kA kathana hai ki isase to artha kA sIdhe savikalpaka jJAna mAnanA hI ucita hai,kyoMki vahI spaSTa pratIti meM AtA hai / 254 vidyAnanda prameya arthako jAtyAdyAtmaka mAnane ke kAraNa bhI usake pratyakSa ko savikalpaka mAnate haiN| vidyAnanda ke anusAra artha kA jAtyAdyAtmaka svarUpa asiddha nahIM hai / vastu kA jAtyAdyAtmaka bodha nirbAdha hotA hai / jAtyAdhAtmaka artha evaM sva kI vyavasiti rUpa kalpanA pratyakSa meM spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hotI hai| zabdayojanA ke abhAva meM bhI nizcayAtmakatA sambhava-ve bauddha pratipAdita "abhilApavatI pratItiH kalpanA" kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki pratyakSa ke nizcayAtmaka hone meM zabda-yojanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| binA zabdayojanA ke bhI jJAna nizcayAtmaka ho sakatA hai / yadi pratyakSa meM artha ke vAcaka zabda vizeSa kI apekSA kI jAya to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai| vAcakazabda kA smaraNa hone se vyavasAya ho tathA vyavasAya hone para vAcaka zabda kA smaraNa ho-isa prakAra anyonyAzraya doSa utpanna ho jAtA hai / isalie samasta vyavasAyAtmaka pratyakSa svataHutpanna hotA hai / saMketa smaraNa rUpa evaM dRSTa artha meM saMkalpAtmikA rUpa kalpanA ko vidyAnanda spaSTa vyavasiti nahIM mAnate haiM, isalie saMketasmaraNAdiyukta kalpanA ko bhI vidyAnanda ne savikalpaka pratyakSa meM aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki artha se dUra cale jAne para usake abhilApa zabda kA nizcaya ho to kyA vaha jJAna artha nizcayAtmaka nahIM kahalAyegA? arthAt khlaaegaa| yahAM para vidyAnanda ne vaizeSika, vyAkaraNa Adi darzanoM kA bhI khaNDana kara diyA hai jo zabdayojanA ke abhAva meM jJAna ko adhyavasAyAtmaka nahIM mAnate haiN|255 253. (i) draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha (i) vidyAnanda ne pramANaparIkSA meM dharmakIrti ke mUla mantavya dekara unakA khaNDana kiyA hai / draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 254. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 255. draSTavya pariziSTa-kha

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratyakSa kathaJcit nirvikalpaka-vidyAnanda ne pratyakSa ko savikalpAtmaka hI nahIM,kintu anekAntavAda kI dRSTi se use kathaJcit nirvikalpaka bhI svIkAra kiyAhai / vidyAnanda kA kathana hai ki mukhya evaM saMvyavahAra donoM prakAra ke pratyakSa zabda yojanA se rahita hone ke kAraNa nirvikalpaka haiM tathA nizcayAtmaka hone ke kAraNa athavA smRtyAdi kI yukti se savikalpaka haiN| pratyakSa ko sarvathA nirvikalpaka mAna lene para sva evaM artha kA vyavasAya nahIM ho sakatA tathA sarvathA savikalpaka mAnane parausameM zabdakalpanA mAnanI par3atI hai isalie pratyakSa pramANa kathaJcit savikalpaka hai tathA kathaMJcit nirvikalpaka hai / 256 bauddhamata meM pratyakSa kathaJcit sa. kalpaka-pratyakSa kA kathaJcit savikalpakatva vidyAnanda ne bauddha mata meM bhI siddha kiyA hai / bauddhadarzana meM rUpa,vedanA,vijJAna,saMjJA evaM saMskAra ina pAMca vijJAna dhAtuoM ko savitarka evaM savicAra mAnA gayA hai, ataH inake dvArA hone vAle pratyakSa ko ekAnta rUpa se nirvikalpaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / bauddha darzana meM yogipratyakSa ko viMdhUtakalpanAjAla kahA gayA hai / vidyAnanda ne isameM pratyakSa ke nirvikalpakatva lakSaNa ko avyAptidoSa yukta batalAyA hai| kyoMki buddha bhagavAn zAstrIya jJAna rUpa kalpanA ke abhAva meM dharmopadezanA nahIM kara sakate / isa prakAra bauddha pratipAdita pratyakSa ke kalpanApoDha lakSaNa kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / 257 nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kI vyavasAyajanakatA kA nirasana-bauddhoM kI mAnyatA hai ki nirvikalpaka jJAna vikalpa ko utpanna karane meM samartha hai isalie vyavasAya nirvikalpaka pratyakSajanya hai|258 vidyAnanda ne bauddhoM kI isa mAnyatA kA nimnAMkita khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai| nirvikalpakajJAna (darzana) se savikalpakajJAna (vyavasAya) 259 utpanna hotA hai,bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA avivekapUrNa hai / yadi nirvikalpaka jJAna vyavasAya ko utpanna karatA hai to vaha vyavasAya nirvikalpakajJAna ke viSaya kA upadarzaka hotA hai yA nahIM ? yadi upadarzaka hotA hai to vyavasAya ko hI usa viSaya meM saMvAdI hone se pravartaka evaM prApaka mAnanA cAhie / nirvikalpakajJAna satrikarSa Adi ke samAna svaviSaya meM pravartaka evaM prApaka nahIM hotA hai ataH use avisaMvAdI evaM vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi vyavasAya,darzana ke viSaya kA upadarzaka nahIM hotA hai to darzana,vyavasAya ko utpanna karane mAtra se apane viSaya kA upadarzaka nahIM ho sktaa| yadi hotA hai to saMzaya, viparyaya Adi ko utpanna karake bhI darzana apane viSaya kA upadarzaka hone lgegaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki darzana avyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa vyavasAya kA janaka nahIM ho sktaa| darzana ke viSaya sAmAnya kA adhyavasAya karane ke kAraNa vikalpa ko darzanajanya kahakara 256. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 257. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 258. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya pAdaTippaNa,120 evaM 122 259. vidyAnanda ne prastata prakaraNa meM 'darzana' zabda kA prayoga nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke artha meM kiyA hai tathA vyavasAya' zabda kA prayoga savikalpa jJAna ke artha meM kiyA hai|

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pratyakSa-pramANa 157 svaviSayopadarzaka pratipAdita kira jAya to bhI upayukta nahIM hai ,kyoMki darzana kA viSaya-sAmAnya to anyApoha lakSaNa rUpa hone se avastu hai / avara kA vyavasAya karane vAle ko vastu kA upadarzaka mAnanA viruddha hai / 260 dRzya evaM sAmAnya meM ekatva kA aE vasAya karane se vyavasAya (vikalpa)vastu kA upadarzaka hI hotA hai ,yaha mAnyatA bhI mithyA hai ,kyoMki uke ekatva kA adhyavasAya asaMbhava hai / isa saMbaMdha meM aneka prazna uThate haiM, yathA dRzya evaM sAmAnya ke ekatva kA adhyavasAya darzana karatA hai yA usake anantara utpanna vyavasAya (vikalpa)? athavA koI anya jJAna ? darzana to dRzya evaM sAmAnya ke ekatva kA adhyavasAya kara nahIM sakatA ,kyoMki vaha vikalpya (sAmAnya) ko viSaya nahIM karatA hai / usakA pRSThabhAvI vikalpa (vyavasAya) bhI donoM ke ekatva kA adhyavasAya nahIM kara sakatA ,kyoMki vaha dRzyakSaNa ko viSaya nahIM karatA hai / ina donoM ko viSaya karane vAle jJAnAntara kI kalpanA kI jAya to yaha prazna uThatA hai ki vaha nirvikalpaka hai yA savikalpaka? nirvikalpaka jJAna dRzya evaM vikalpya (sAmAnya) ke viruddha hone se ukta donoM ko viSaya nahIM kara sktaa| vikalpAtmaka jJAna bhI donoM ko viSaya nahIM kara sakatA,kyoMki usakA viSaya mAtra sAmAnya lakSaNa hai, dRzya nahIM / dRzya (svalakSaNa) evaM vikalpya (sAmAnyalakSaNa) donoM ko viSaya nahIM karane vAlA jJAna bhI unake ekatva kA adhyavasAya nahIM kara sakatA,kyoMki jo jisako viSaya nahIM banAtA hai vaha usake ekatva kA adhyavasAya nahIM kara sakatA,yathA rasa kA jJAna sparza evaM rUpa donoM ko viSaya nahIM karatA hai ,ata : ekatva kA adhyavasAya bhI nahIM kara sakatA / isa prakAra dRzya evaM vikalpya ke ekatva kA adhyavasAya nahIM karane ke kAraNa vikalpa ko svalakSaNa vastu kA upadarzaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi vikalpa kA janaka hone...raNa darzana (nirvikalpaka jJAna) ko apane viSaya rUpa vastu kA upadarzaka kahA jAya to bhI samIcIna nahIM hai ,kyoMki samasta kalpanAoM kA nAza ho jAne para yogipratyakSa meM nirvikalpaka jJAna vikalpa ko utpanna nahIM karatA,ata vahAM nirvikalpaka jJAna ko vastu kA upadarzaka kahane meM virodha AtA hai| isI prakAra svasaMvedana pratyakSa bhI vastu ke svarUpa kA upadarzaka nahIM hotA hai kyoMki vaha vikalpa ko utpanna karane me samartha nahIM hai / ataH svarUpa kA jJAna svataHhotA hai '261 yaha kathana bhI samyak rUpeNa sthApita nahIM ho pAtA hai| yadi darzana ke pRSThabhAvI vikalpa ko svasaMvedana ke bala se siddha mAnA jAtA hai to usakA svasaMvedana rUpa prAmANya kisa prakAra hai ? yadi svarUpa ke upadarzana mAtra se hI vikalpa pramANa hai to svarga prApaNa zakti Adi meM bhI pramANatA prApta hotI hai jo bauddhoM ko iSTa nahIM hai / vikalpa ke apramANa hone para usase hI usakI vyavasAya siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / vyavasAya siddhi nahIM hone para "vyavasAya ko utpatra karake darzana apane viSaya kA upadarzaka hotA hai, yaha bauddha kathana asiddha ho jAtA hai| 260. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 261. svarUpasya svato gatiH |-prmaannvaartik, 1.6

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bauddha pramANamImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA svaviSayopadarzakatA ke abhAva meM darzana (nirvikalpaka jJAna) na pravartaka ho sakatA hai aurana arthaprApaka / prApakatA ke abhAva meM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa avisaMvAdI nahIM hotA, avisaMvAditva ke abhAva meM use pramANa yA samyagjJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / 262 158 bauddha kahate haiM ki artha sAmarthya se utpatti evaM arthAkAratA hI darzana (nirvikalpaka jJAna) kI svaviSayopadarzakatA hai tathA vaha samasta pratyakSa jJAnoM ke avyavasAyAtmaka hone para bhI saMbhava hai, ataH pratyakSa arthasAmarthya se utpanna hone ke kAraNa tathA arthAkAra hone ke kAraNa artha meM pravartaka evaM arthaprApaka hotA hai / 263 arthaprApaka hone se vaha avisaMvAdI hotA hai| nirvikalpaka jJAna kSaNakSayAdi kA upadarzaka kyoM nahIM ? - vidyAnanda uparyukta maMtavya kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki phira to nirvikalpaka jJAna ko kSaNakSayAdi kA bhI upadarzaka honA cAhie / yadi akSaNikatA Adi ke samAropa kA praveza hone se ayogI jJAtA ke lie nirvikalpaka jJAna kSaNa-kSayAdi kA upadarzaka nahIM hotA, kintu yogI jJAna meM samAropa saMbhava nahIM hai isalie usakA nirvikalpaka jJAna kSaNakSayAdi kA bhI upadarzaka hotA hai, aisA kahA jAya to bhI yaha buddhimAn puruSoM ke lie saMtoSaprada samAdhAna nahIM hai; kyoMki ayogI jJAtA ko nIla Adi meM bhI anIla Adi kA viparIta samAropa ho sakatA hai, taba unheM kSaNikatA Adi ke samAna nIlAdi kA bhI darzana nahIM ho skegaa| anyathA nIlAdi-vastu meM nIlAditva aura kSaNikatAdi viruddha dharmoM kA samAveza hone se darzana meM bheda ho jAyegA / jaba darzana (nirvikalpaka jJAna) eka evaM bhedarahita ho to yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha nIlAdi meM bhramAkrAnta nahIM hai tathA kSaNikatAdi meM bhramAkAnta hai| jo jisa viSaya meM viparIta samAropa kA virodhI hai vaha usa viSaya meM nizcayAtmaka hai, yathA anumeya artha meM anumAna jJAna / isI prakAra pratyakSa bhI apane viSaya meM viparIta samAropa kA virodhI hone se nizcayAtmaka hai / 264 bauddha evaM vidyAnanda meM uttara- pratyuttara - Age bauddha evaM vidyAnanda ke uttara- pratyuttara saMkSepataH isa prakAra haiM bauddha- abhyAsa, prakaraNa, buddhipATava aura arthitva se nirvikalpaka darzana meM bhI nIlAdi padArtha kA saMskAra evaM smaraNa utpanna ho jAtA hai 265 kSaNikAdi meM abhyAsa, prakaraNa, buddhipATava evaM arthitva kA abhAva hone se saMskAra evaM usakA smaraNa nahIM hotA / vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna meM abhyAsa, prakaraNa Adi se hI saMskAra evaM smaraNa sambhava haiM, unake abhAva meM nhiiN| ataH pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka svIkAra karane vAloM ko bhI abhyAsa Adi cAroM kA niyamataH svIkAra karanA cAhie / 262. draSTavya, pramANaparIkSA, pR0 6-7 263. draSTavya- (1) tadvazAd arthapratItisiddheriti - nyAyabindu 1.21 (2) sArUpyaM jJAnasya vyavasthApanahetu: |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.215.89 264. draSTavya, pramANaparIkSA, pR0 7-8 265. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 123

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pratyakSa-pramANa vidyAnanda - bauddha mAnyatA upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki bhUyodarzana rUpa abhyAsa kA kSaNakSayAdi meM bhI sadbhAva dekhA jAtA hai| yadi abhyAsa kA artha 'punaH punaH vikalpa ko utpanna karanA " liyA jAtA hai / to vaha vivAdAspada hai, kyoMki jo darzana svayaM nirvikalpaka hai vaha vikalpa (nizcaya) ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA hai / buddhipATava to nIlAdi evaM kSaNikatA Adi meM samAna hai, kyoMki nirvikalpaka darzana ko bauddhoM dvArA niraMza mAnA gayA hai| indriyajJAna ke niraMza hone se nIlAdi meM paTutA evaM kSaNikatva Adi meM apaTutA saMbhava nahIM hai, anyathA aMzabheda mAnane hoMge / " vAsanA rUpa karma ke kAraNa indriyabuddhi paTutA aura apaTutA donoM saMbhava haiM" aisA kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki vAsanA rUpa karma kA sadbhAva evaM asadbhAva donoM viruddha dharma hone se ve eka niraMza indriyajJAna meM sambhava nahIM haiN| arthitva kA artha yadi jijJAsA rUpa hai to nIlAdi ke samAna hI vaha kSaNikatA meM bhI hai / yadi arthitva kA artha abhilaSitatva rUpa hai to vaha vyavasAya utpanna karane kA anivArya kAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki kisI udAsIna puruSa ko anabhilaSita vastu meM bhI smaraNa (vyavasAya) hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai ataH arthitva bhI saMskAra evaM smaraNa kA niyAmaka nahIM hai / 159 isa prakAra niraMza jJAnavAdI bauddha mata meM abhyAsa Adi se kahIM bhI saMskArotpatti ghaTita nahIM hotI hai, kintu bAhya ghaTAdi evaM Abhyantara jJAna ina donoM ko anekAntAtmaka, svIkAra karane vAle syAdvAdiyoM ke mata meM saMskAra-smaraNa Adi saMbhava haiN| jainamata meM eka jJAna ko sarvathA vyavasAya (avAya) yA sarvathA avyavasAya (anavAya) rUpa meM nirUpita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra use sarvathA saMskAra (dhAraNA) yA asaMskAra (dhAraNetara) bhI nirUpita nahIM kiyA gayA hai, tathA use sarvathA smaraNa yA sarvathA asmaraNa rUpa meM bhI pratipAdita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yahAM jJAna evaM jJeya meM eka evaM aneka kI dRSTi se kathaJcit bheda hai / ,266 bauddha - darzana (nirvikalpaka pratyakSa) ko bhI hamane vyAvRttibheda se bhinna svIkAra kiyA hai, ataH koI doSa nahIM AtA hai / yathA nIla kA artha hai anIla se vyAvRtti, kSaNikatA kA artha hai akSaNikatA se vyAvRtti / anIla vyAvRtti meM nIla kA vyavasAya nIla kI vAsanA ke jAgRta hone se utpanna hotA hai| kintu akSaNika vyAvRtti meM kSaNika kI vAsanA kA udbhava nahIM hone se kSaNika kA pratyakSa dvArA vyavasAya nahIM hotaa| anIla kI vyAvRtti evaM akSaNika kI vyAvRtti meM abheda saMbhava nahIM hai, anyathA vyAvartyamAna anIlatva evaM akSaNikatva eka ho jAyeMge / vyAvRttiyoM ke bhinna hone se vastu meM bheda nahIM hotA, kyoMki vastu niraMza hai| yadi vastu ko bhinna-bhinna mAneMge to anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga AtA hai| vidyAnanda - bauddhoM kA yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki vastu meM jaba taka svabhAva nahIM hotA hai taba 266. draSTavya, pramANaparIkSA, pR0 9

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA taka usameM vyAvRtti bheda bhI asaMbhava hai / nIlasvalakSaNa jisa svabhAva se anIla se vyAvRtta hai usI svabhAva se yadi akSaNika se vyAvRtta ho to anIla evaM akSaNika donoM eka ho jaayegeN| yadi nIlasvalakSaNa anIla se anya svabhAva se vyAvRtta hai tathA akSaNika se anya svabhAva se to nIla svalakSaNa meM svabhAva bheda siddha hotA hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai / yadi vastu meM svabhAva bheda bhI tadanya svabhAva vyAvRtti se kalpita hai to kalpita svabhAvAntara kI parikalpanA se anavasthA doSa AtA hai / yathA nIla svalakSaNa meM svabhAva bheda anIla - asvabhAva vyAvRtti aura akSaNika asvabhAvavyAvRtti se kalpita hai, vAstavika nahIM hai, to isa prakAra anIlasvabhAva kI anyavyAvRtti ko bhI anyavyAvRtti rUpa anya svabhAva se kalpita karanA par3egA aura usa anyavyAvRtti ko bhI tadanyavyAvRtti rUpa anya svabhAva mAnanA hogA, phalasvarUpa kisI bhI vastu ke jJAna meM vyavasthA nahIM ho skegii| 267 160 bauddha vastu zabda - vikalpoM kA viSaya nahIM hotii| kyoMki zabda vikalpoM kA viSaya anyavyAvRtti hai 268 jo anAdikAlIna vidyamAna avidyA ke kAraNa kalpita hotI hai aura kalpita hone se vaha vicAraNIya nahIM hai / yadi use vicAraNIya mAnA jAya to vaha avastu na rahakara vastu ho jAyegI / vidyAnanda - yaha bauddha kathana bhI samyak nahI hai, kyoMki isa prakAra darzana (nirvikalpaka pratyakSa) kA viSaya bhI avastu rUpa siddha hogA / ataH vaha bhI zabda vikalpa ke viSaya kI bhAMti vicAra yogya nahIM hai| nIlasvalakSaNa sugata evaM anya logoM ke darzana kA viSaya banatA hai to kyA eka hI svabhAva se banatA hai yA nAnA svabhAvoM se ? yadi eka hI svabhAva se darzana kA viSaya hai to jo jaba sugata ke lie dRzya hotA hai vahI anya logoM ke lie dRzya ho jAyegA, phalataH sampUrNa jagat ke loga sugata ho jAyegeM / jo anya logoM kA dRzya hai vahI yadi sugata kA bhI dRzya hai to samasta sugata anya logoM kI bhAMti ho jAyegeM / isa prakAra yaha akhila jagat sugata rahita ho jAyegA / yadi isa doSa se bacane ke lie sugata evaM anya saMsArI janoM ke dRzya (jJeya artha) ko nAnA svabhAva vAlA mAnate ho to nIlasvalakSaNa rUpa dRzya meM svabhAvabheda kA prasaMga A jAegA, kintu dRzyarUpa nIlasvalakSaNa meM nAnA jJeyasvabhAva ko kalpita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki unheM kalpita mAnane para nIlasvarUpa bhI kalpita ho jAyegA / jabaki vaha bauddha mata meM paramArthasat hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyakSa-jJAna kI avyavasAyAtmakatA pratyakSa siddha nahIM hai| anumAna se bhI isakI avyavasAyAtmakatA ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki godarzana ke samaya jisa prakAra azva kA vikalpa hotA hai usI prakAra gAya kA darzana bhI vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai| gAya kA darzana vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM ho to uttarakAla meM usase gAya kA smaraNa, jo ki vyavasAyAtmaka hai, kadApi nahIM 267. draSTavya, pramANaparIkSA, pR0 9-10 268. tulanIya zrutau sambadhyate' poho naitadvastuni yujyate / - pramANavArtika, 2.172

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pratyakSa-pramANa ho sakatA / jo jJAna vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA, vaha uttarakAla meM smaraNa ko utpanna nahIM karatA hai, kintu gAya kA pratyakSa jJAna karane vAle ko uttarakAla meM gAya kA smaraNa hotA hai, isalie pratyakSajJAna vyavasAyAtmaka hai / 269 vidyAnanda kRta bauddha pratyakSa kI AlocanA se jJAta hotA hai ki vidyAnanda bhI akalaGka kI bhAMti pratyakSa ko vizadAtmaka evaM nizcayAtmaka mAnate haiN| pratyakSa meM abhilApasaMsargayogyatA kI carcA vidyAnanda ne nahIM kI hai ,kintu unhoMne pratyakSa kA abhilApayukta athavA zabda-yojanA se yukta honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA hai / vidyAnanda ne anekAntadRSTi kA upayoga kara pratyakSa ko svaparakA nizcayAtmaka hone ke kAraNa kathaJcit savikalpaka tathA zabdayojanA ke abhAva meM kathaJcit nirvikalpaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| zabdayojanA ke abhAva meM bhI nizcayAtmakatA ko svIkAra karanA vidyAnanda kI apanI vizeSatA hai / ve nizcayAtmakatA ko hI savikalpakatA mAnate haiM |prtykss kA viSaya jAtyAdyAtmaka pratipAdita karake bhI vidyAnanda ne pratyakSa kI savikalpatA siddha kI hai| unhoMne bauddha sammata mAnasa pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa tathA yogipratyakSa ko dharmopadezatA ke kAraNa kathaJcit savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai / nirvikalpajJAna se savikalpaka jJAna kI utpatti ko vidyAnanda saMbhava nahIM mAnate haiM tathA citta kI vikalparahita avasthA meM bhI pratyakSa ko svaparavyavasAyAtmaka aMgIkAra karate haiM / vidyAnanda ne bhI pratyakSa ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kI kasauTI smRti ko mAnA hai / akalaGka ke samAna vidyAnanda ne bhI abhyAsa, prakaraNa, buddhipATava aura arthitva ko savikalpAtmaka jJAna meM hI saMbhava batalAyA hai,nirvikalpaka meM nhiiN| vAdirAja ___ akalaGkaracita nyAyavinizcaya ke vivaraNakAra vAdirAja bauddhoM kI AlocanA karate hue kahate haiM ki bauddha pratyakSa meM dRzya evaM prApya kSaNa bhinna haiM,ataH dRzya kSaNa kA pratyakSa ajJAta prApyakSaNa meM pravartaka nahIM ho sakatA / yadi dRzya evaM prApya kSaNa vastuta : eka haiM to jagat ko kSaNabhaMgI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / yadi saMvRtisat se ye donoM kSaNa eka haiM to pratyakSa avikalpaka siddha nahIM hotA hai / 270 bauddha- vartamAna dRzya kSaNa hI pratyakSa kA viSaya hotA hai aura vaha pravartaka hotA hai| usakI adhigati ke saMtoSa mAtra se hI usakA pravartaka honA upapanna hai / prApya kSaNa meM usakI upalabdhi to vyavahAra karane vAle puruSoM ke abhiprAya se kahI gayI hai,paramArthata : nhiiN| vAdirAja-isa prakAra to kSaNa-bhaMga Adi kI siddhi meM bhI usI vartamAna kSaNa ko viSaya karane vAle pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnanA cAhiye / kSaNabhaMga-siddhi ke lie anumAna pramANa kA Azraya lenA upayukta nahIM hai ,kyoMki anumAna pramANa bhI vyavahArAzrita hai,pAramArthika nahIM / yadi samAropa kA vyavaccheda kara nizcaya jJAna karAne hetu anumAna -pramANa meM pravRtta honA svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to nIlAdi ke jJAna 269. draSTavya pramANaparIkSA, pR010-12 270. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha

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162 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA meM anumAna-pramANa kI pravRtti kyoM nahIM mAnI jAtI ? yadi nIlAdi kA nizcaya pratyakSapramANa se hI ho jAtA hai to yaha kaise saMbhava hai,pratyakSa to anizcayAtmaka hai| yadi vaha pratyakSa kA hetu hai to yaha bhI saMbhava nahIM,kyoMki pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hai aura nirvikalpaka jJAna nizcaya nahIM karA sakatA / jisa prakAra artha nizcayAtmaka jJAna karAne meM hetu nahIM hotA, usI prakAra nirvikalpaka pratyakSa bhI nizcayAtmaka jJAna nahIM karA sktaa| yadi nizcaya ke saMskAra ko jAgRta karane ke kAraNa pratyakSa ko nizcaya kA hetu kahA jAtA hai to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki saMskAra kI jAgRti to artha se hI hotI hai| ataH nirvikalpaka pratyakSa se nizcaya nahIM hotaa| yadi nIlAdi meM hotA bhI hai to kSaNakSayAdi meM kyoM nahIM hotA ? darzana,pATava Adi to donoM meM samAna haiM / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM nizcaya kI apekSA rahatI hai ,ataH nizcaya hI mukhyataH pramANa hai| sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka jJAna kisI kI apekSA nahIM karatA, ataH sAdhakatama hone se vahI pramANa hai| avisaMvAditA bhI usI ke adhIna bauddhoM ke nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM avisaMvAda nirdhArita nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM avisaMvAda kA nirdhAraNa karane para virodha utpanna hotA hai aura avisaMvAditA kA nirNaya hue binA nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA prAmANya siddha nahIM hai| avisaMvAda evaM prAmANya meM vyApyavyApaka bhAva hai / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM avisaMvAditA siddha nahIM hotI hai| cakSu Adi indriyoM ke viSayoM ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna meM prAmANya hai,kyoMki usameM avisaMvAda saMbhava hai| dvicandrAdi jJAnoM meM visaMvAda isalie hai ,kyoMki usameM vyavasAyAtmakatA hI nahIM hai| vidhUtabAdha yA bAdhArahita avasAya hI vyavasAya hai / dvicandrAdi jJAna sabAdha hai , kintu jaba indriya-pratyakSa jJAna bAdhArahita avasAyAtmaka hotA hai taba usake prAmANya meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / 272 bauddha - vikalpa yathArtha nahIM haiN| samasta vikalpa vitatha arthAt mithyA hote haiN| vAdirAja-bauddha kathana asaMgata hai ,kyoMki nirvikalpaka pratyakSa pramANa hai. isakA avasthApana bauddhoM ne vitatha vikalpa rUpa anumAna se kiyA hai / yathA pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hai, arthasAmarthya ke kAraNa, uttarArthakSaNa ke samAna / pratyakSa meM kalpanA nahIM hai, kyoMki upalabdhilakSaNa prApta kalpanAeM usameM upalabdha nahIM hotI haiM, bhUtala meM ghaTa ke samAna / 273 bauddha- pratyakSa kA prAmANya svataH vyavasthita hai / jaisA ki kahA hai- 'pratyakSa kalpanApoDhaM pratyakSeNaiva sidhyati 274 arthAt kalpanA rahita pratyakSa-pramANa pratyakSa se hI siddha hai| 271. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 272. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 273. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 274. pramANavArtika,2.123

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pratyakSa-pramANa vAdirAja - yadi aisA hai to anumAna se kyA prayojana hai ? vyAmoha (samAropa) kA viccheda karane ke lie anumAna ko svIkAra karate ho, to vyAmoha ke rahate hue bhI pratyakSa ko vyavasthita kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? ataH pratyakSa se pratyakSa ke prAmANya kA jJAna nahIM hotA aura usake vikalpa se bhI pratyakSa ke prAmANya kA nizcaya nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha vikalpa pratyakSapUrvaka hotA hai ataH vikalpa kA prAmANya pratyakSa se evaM pratyakSa kA prAmANya vikalpa se hone ke kAraNa parasparAzraya doSa utpanna hotA hai / 163 ataH vikalpa bala se hI vikalpoM kI ayathArthatA evaM pratyakSa kI paramArthatA kA vyavasthApana kiyA jAnA cAhie tathA vikalpoM ko pUrNa rUpa se vitathArtha (mithyA) nahIM mAnanA cAhie / isa prakAra nIlAdi vikalpa bhI paramArtha siddha hotA hai, kyoMki usameM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM hai aura usake prAmANya kA nizcaya karane meM vahI sAdhakatama hai / avisaMvAditA kA niyama bhI usameM hai / nirvikalpa meM bAdhA hai, vaha apane prAmANya meM vikalpa kI apekSA rakhatA hai tathA visaMvAdI bhI hai ataH vaha pratyakSAbhAsa hai| I , 275 isa prakAra vAdirAja ne nizcayAtmakatA ke abhAva meM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko apramANa siddha kiyA hai tathA bauddhoM ke samasta vikalpoM ko vitatha mAnane ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana kiyA hai| vAdirAja pratipAdita kiyA hai ki nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA vyavasthApana bhI vikalpAtmaka jJAna rUpa anumAna ke abhAva meM siddha nahIM hai| isalie samasta vikalpoM ko vitatha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / nirvikalpaka jJAna meM avisaMvAda bhI nirdhArita nahIM hai tathA vaha dRSTa artha meM pravartaka bhI nahIM hotA hai, isalie nirvikalpaka pratyakSa pramANa nahIM hai, savikalpa pratyakSa nizcayAtmaka, saMvAdAtmaka evaM pravartaka hone se 'pramANa' hotA hai| vAdirAja ne vidhUtabAdha avasAya ko vyavasAya kahakara usameM saMzayaviparyayAdi pratyakSAbhAsoM kA bhI nirAkaraNa kara diyA hai| abhayadevasUri siddhasena viracita sanmatitarka ke TIkAgraMtha tattbodhavidhAyinI meM abhayadevasUri ne bauddhoM kA vaiyAkaraNoM evaM naiyAyikoM ke sAtha vAda prastuta kara bauddha pratyakSa kA prAmANika upasthApana kiyA hai| tadanantara usakA nirasana kara jainamata ke anurUpa savikalpAtmaka, vizadAtmaka evaM svapara-nizcayAtmaka pratyakSa kA pratiSThApana kiyA hai| bauddha pratyakSa ke samyak avagamanArtha yahA~ vaiyAkaraNoM evaM naiyAyikoM ke sAtha unakA vAda saMkSepa meM prastuta hai / vaiyAkaraNa- vAk ke sparza se rahita koI jJAna nahIM hai| samasta jJAna zabda se anuviddha pratibhAsita hotA hai| 276 'yadi vAk (zabda) ke saMsparza se rahita koI jJAna hai to vaha prakAzaka nahIM ho sakatA / jJAna meM vAtA zAzvata hai tathA vaha pratyavamarzinI hai| usake abhAva meM jJAna kA koI rUpa zeSa nahIM rahatA hai, 275. draSTavya, pariziSTa- kha 276. na so'sti pratyayo loke ya: zabdAnugamAdRte / anuviddhamiva jJAnaM sarva zabdena bhAsate / vAkyapadIya, 1.123

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164 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jaisA ki kahA gayA hai-jJAna kI zAzvata vAyUpatA yadi bhaMga ho jAya to prakAza prakAzita na ho sakegA, kyoMki vaha vAyUpatA pratyavamarzAtmaka hai / vAyUpatA ke abhAva meM svasaMvedana vyavahAra yogya nahIM hotaa| ataH samasta jJAna ke vAgrUpa hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa ko savikalpaka mAnanA caahie|277 bauddha -vaiyAkaraNoM kA mantavya asat hai,kyoMki pratyakSa puraH sannihita artha kA prakAzaka hotA hai| vAgrUpatA puraHsannihita nahIM hotI,ataHpratyakSa meM zabda kA jJAna nahIM hotA,rUpa kA jJAna hotA hai / zabda se rahita nIlAdi kA avabhAsana hotA hai| zabda kI padArthAtmatA bhI ucita nahIM,kyoMki padArtha kA pratyakSa hone ke sAtha zabda kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA / stambhAdi kA pratyakSa zabda-vivikta hotA hai evaM zabda bhI arthavivikta hotA hai / stambha kA jJAna cakSu se hotA hai tathA zabda kA zrotra se / ataH ina donoM kA aikya nahIM ho sakatA hai| cakSa se rUpa kA jJAna hotA hai rasa kA nahIM, isI prakAra zrotra se zabda kA jJAna hotA hai cakSu se nahIM / yadi cakSu se hI zabda kA bhI jJAna mAnA jAe to phira bhinna-bhinna indriyAM mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| phira to eka hI indriya se pAMcoM viSayoM kA jJAna ho jAyegA / vastutaH samasta indriya-pratyakSa zabda rahita (vAcaka vikala) hokara hI apane viSaya kA jJAna karatA hai , ataH nirvikalpaka hai| zabda yadyapi dRSTiM se avabhAsita nahIM hotA hai,tathApi smRti meM pratibhAsita hotA hai ataH bhinna jJAna se grAhya artha kA vaha vizeSaNa banatA hai,yadi aisA kahA jAya to bhI ucita nahIM hai kyoMki bhinna jJAna se jJAta artha svataMtra rUpa se pratibhAsita hotA hai tathA usake anantara pratIyamAna zabda usakA vizeSaNa nahIM bana sakatA / eka samaya athavA aneka samayoM meM bhI zabda-svarUpa apane grAhaka jJAna meM svataMtra rUpase pratibhAsita hotA huA vizeSaNa bhAvako prApta nahIM hotA hai,anyathA sarvatra zabda vizeSaNa bana jaayegaa| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki zabda se saMspRSTa artha kA hI prahaNa hotA hai to zabda saMketa se anabhijJa bAlaka ko artha kA pratyakSa nahIM honA caahie| yahAM vaiyAkaraNa kahate hai ki bAlaka bhI kyA hai isa prakAra zabdollekha karatA hai ataH zabdAnuSakta rUpa kA grahaNa hone se pratyakSa savikalpaka hai / isakA uttara dete hue bauddha kahate haiM ki bAlaka 'kyA hai' aisA jo jJAna karatA hai vaha sAmAnya kA hI grahaNa hai vizeSa kA nahIM / vizeSa kA grahaNa hue binA vizada avabhAsaka jJAna saMbhava nahIM hai / aura jaba azva kA cintana karate hue puruSa ko gAya kA pratyakSa hotA hai to usa zabda vikalpa(azvaviSayaka)ke anurUpa pratyakSa nahIM hone se jJAna kI zAzvata vAyUpatA (zabda svarUpatva) nahIM kahI jA sktii| gAya kA pratyakSa karate samaya 'go' zabda kA ullekha nahIM ho pAtA hai tathA eka sAtha azva evaM gAya donoM ke vikalpa nahIM ho sakate haiN| ataH artha kA sAkSAtkAra honA pratyakSa hai / usameM vAgyojanA kA sparza nahIM hai / locanAdi indriyoM 277. draSTavya, pariziSTa -kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa 165 se hone vAle pratyakSa meM zabda saMsparza nahIM hotA hai / zabda zrotrapAhya hotA hai / zrotragrAhya vaizvarI vAk kA grahaNa cakSujanya pratyakSa nahIM karatA hai,kyoMki vAk usakA viSaya nahIM hai| isalie pratyakSa ko vAgrUpatA se rahita evaM nirvikalpaka mAnanA cAhie / 278 naiyAyika-vastu kA vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAvapUrvaka grahaNa hotA hai| yahI kalpanA hai| niyata deza-kAla Adi meM dRzyamAna vastu vyavahAra ke lie upayogI hotI hai| dezAdi ke saMsarga se rahita vastu kabhI bhI anubhava meM nahIM AtI hai aura jo dezAdi se viziSTa vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai vaha kalpanA hai| yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki isameM vastu ke nAma kA ullekha ho / nAmollekha ke abhAva meM bhI vastu kA vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAvapUrvaka grahaNa karanA pratyakSa jJAna kI savikalpalakatA hai / 279 bauddha-naiyAyikoM kA kathana bhI asat hai,kyoMki pratyakSa purovartI nIlAdi ko dekhane meM samartha hotA hai,usase yukta bhUtala ko nahIM,aura bhUtala ko jAne binA yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhUtalaviziSTa nIlAdi kA pratyakSa hotA hai| zuddha nIlAdi kA grahaNa hone ke kAraNa vizeSaNavizeSya bhAva kA grahaNa honA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pratyakSa meM sva svarUpa ke vyavasthita rUpa evaM Aloka kA grahaNa hotA hai unase atirikta dezakAlAdi kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai / ataHdezAdi se viziSTa jJAna kA mantavya khaNDita ho jAtA hai| yadi naiyAyika phira bhI vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAva kA pratyakSa svIkAra karate haiM to prazna hotA hai ki samAnakAla ke do arthoM meM vizeSaNavizeSya bhAva kA pratyakSa hotA hai athavA bhinnakAla ke do arthoM meM ? bhinnakAla ke do arthoM meM to vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAva ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki unakA yugapat pratibhAsa nahIM hotaa| pahale jisa kSaNa vizeSaNa dhana Adi kA jJAna hotA hai usa kSaNa usake svAmI Adi vizeSya kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| ataH dhana viziSTa svAmI kA pratyakSa se grahaNa nahIM hotA / tulyakAla ke arthoM meM bhI vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAva kA pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki usakI sthiti nahIM hai| vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAva se rahita daNDa evaM puruSa ke saMyoga meM bhI koI daNDaviziSTa puruSa ke rUpa meM use daNDI kahatA hai,anya usI ko puruSaviziSTa daNDa ke rUpa meM yaha usakA daNDa hai' isa prakAra kahatA hai tathA jise vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAva kA jJAna nahIM hai vaha unheM svataMtrarUpeNa daNDa evaM puruSa ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai| vastutaH pratyakSa ke dvArA daNDa evaM puruSa svataMtra rUpa se jJAta hote haiN| unakA vizeSaNa vizeSyabhAva kalpanA se Aropita hai| vizeSaNa kA saMyojana to smaraNa se utpanna hotA hai / ataH vaha mAnasika kalpanA mAtra hai / usameM artha kI sannidhi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / 280 naiyAyika-yadi pura sthita artha kA prAhI vikalpa nahIM hai to usa artha meM pravRtti kaise hogI ?jo vizeSaNa 278. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 279. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 280. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha

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166 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA Adi kA anubhava puruSa ko pahale huA hai usase usakI artha meM pravRtti hotI hai / jaba taka artha kA jJAna nahIM ho jAtA taba taka usameM pravRtti nahIM hotI, anyathA zukla artha ko jAnatA huA jJAna nIla artha meM pravartaka ho jAyegA / nirvikalpaka jJAna vartamAna artha meM pravRtta nahIM karatA,anyathA vikalpa ke binA bhI sarvatra pravRtti kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| sukha hetu ke nizcaya ke binA purasthita vastu ke prakAzanamAtra se koI pravRtti nahIM karatA hai / vikalpa hI purovyavasthita artha kA grAhI hotA hai,kyoMki vahI pravartaka hotA hai / akSAnusArI hone se vahI pratyakSa hai evaM pUrvadRSTa nAmAdi vizeSaNoM kA prAhI hone se nizcayAtmaka hai| bauddha-naiyAyikoM kA kathana asaMgata hai,kyoMki vikalpAtmaka jJAna aspaSTa hotA hai jabaki nirvikalpaka jJAna spaSTa hotA hai| dhUmapAhI pratyakSa ke atirikta jisa prakAra agni kA anumAna aspaSTa AkAra vAlA hotA hai usI prakAra vizadadarzana yukta artha ke AkArakajJAna ke atirikta vikalpa aspaSTa AkAra vAlA hotA hai,kyoMki vaha pratyakSadarzana ke samaya anubhava meM nahIM AtA / pUrvadRSTa vizeSaNa mAtra kA adhyavasAya karane vAle vikalpa evaM purovartI artha kA spaSTa avabhAsana karane vAle pratyakSa ko eka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ye donoM bhinna-bhinna haiN| yadi purovartI artha ko vikalpa prakAzita karane meM samartha hai to bhI usase pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki pravRttividhAyaka arthakriyA meM samartha rUpa kA vaha avabhAsana nahIM krtaa| arthakriyA meM samartha rUpa kA prakAzana hone para hI arthakiyArthI pravRtta hote haiM / vastutaH arthakriyA kA sambandha vartamAna samaya meM sthita artha se hotA hai / vikalpa usa arthakriyA-sambandha ko pradarzita karane meM asamartha hotA hai,kyoMki usa samaya vikalpabuddhi vidyamAna nahIM rahatI,mAtra artha ke svarUpa kA avabhAsana rahatA hai| artha ke svarUpa ke avabhAsana mAtra se hI arthakriyA ke sambandha kA avabhAsana ho jAtA hai / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki purovartI artha meM pravartamAna bhI vikalpa pravartaka nahIM hotaa| pUrvadRSTa kA anusmaraNa karatA huA hI vyavahArI puruSa use dRzyamAna para Aropita karatA hai| smRti jisa svarUpa kA adhyavasAya karatI hai vaha pratyakSa mArga meM upayukta nahIM hai,kyoMki smRti evaM pratyakSa meM arthAkAra kA bheda hotA hai| pratyakSa evaM smaraNa donoM eka viSaya ko dhAraNa nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki pUrvadRSTa ko dekhatA hU~ aisA nizcaya donoM ke bhinna-bhinna viSayoM ko dyotita karatA hai / donoM meM ekatA mAnane para bauddha,naiyAyikoM se prazna karate hai ki smaryamANa rUpa dRzyamAna ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai athavA dRzyamAna rUpa smaryamANa ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai ? ina donoM vikalpoM meM se yadi prathama vikalpa ko samyak mAnate haiM to smaryamANa ke spaSTa rUpa se pratyakSa mAna lene para vaha parokSa nahIM raha sakegA tathA yadi dUsarA vikalpa samyak mAnate haiM to dRzyamAna ke smaryamANa rUpa meM avabhAsita hone para samasta jJAna parokSa ho jAyegA / ataH yaha mAnanA cAhie ki pratyakSajJAna vartamAna rUpa kA hI jJAna karAtA hai,smRti usakA sparza nahIM karatI / smRti parokSa hai, ataH smaraNa evaM pratyakSa kA aikya saMbhava nahIM hai / smaraNa avizada jJAna karAtA hai,pratyakSa se artha kA vizada jJAna hotA hai /

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pratyakSa-pramANa isa prakAra dRzyamAna evaM smaryamANa meM abheda siddha nahIM hai, kyoMki dRzyamAna meM smRti evaM smaryamANa meM dRSTi nahIM pAyI jAtI / 281 I bauddha mata meM jAti, guNa, kriyA Adi asat haiM, kalpanAtmaka haiM, ataH naiyAyikoM ko lakSya kara bauddhoM ne jAti kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| bauddha kahate haiM ki kisI artha kA jAti ke rUpa meM pratyakSa nahIM hotA / jAti pratyakSa evaM kalpanAjJAna meM bAhya AkAra ko dhAraNa karatI huI pratIta nahIM hotI hai| savikalpaka jJAna meM bhI varNasaMsthAna ke atirikta koI jAti pratibhAsita nahIM hotii| isI prakAra guNa, kriyA Adi bhI apratibhAsita hone ke kAraNa asat haiN| ataH inase viziSTa artha ke grAhI pratyakSa ko savikalpaka kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| 282 167 naiyAyika - nirvikalpaka pratyakSa se vyavahAra nahIM hotA, kyoMki heya evaM upAdeya rUpa duHkha tathA sukha ke sAdhana kA nizcaya hue binA duHkha ke hAna evaM sukha ke upAdAna rUpa vyavahAra kA honA zakya nahIM hai / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa sukha evaM duHkha ke sAdhana kA nizcaya karane meM sakSama nahIM hai / bauddha - savikalpaka pratyakSa se bhI artha meM pravRtti rUpa vyavahAra nahIM hotA, kyoMki sukha-duHkha ke sAdhana kA nizcaya hone mAtra se koI unake upAdAna yA hAna ke lie pravRta nahIM hotA hai| apitu vyavahAra ko utpanna karane kI yogyatA ke jJAna se puruSa hAnopAdAna rUpa vyavahAra meM pravRtta hotA hai| phala kA nizcaya hue binA vaha yogyatA prApta nahIM hotI, aura sukha ke sAdhana kA parokSa rUpa se nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna pratyakSa nahIM ho jAtA hai, anyathA anumAna ko bhI parokSarUpeNa nizcaya svabhAva vAlA hone se pratyakSa mAnanA pdd'egaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki nizcayAtmaka yA savikalpaka pratyakSa se vastu kA nizcaya nahIM hotA aura usase pratibaddha arthakriyA bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| isalie pUrva artha ke adhyavasAya smRti prakaTa hotI huI abhilASa ko utpanna karatI hai phira usase pravRtti paidA hotI hai| yaha prakriyA nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM bhI samAna hai| naiyAyika - vastu ke svarUpa ko pratibhAsita karane vAle nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA arthakriyA se sambandha anubhava meM nahIM AtA, ataH vaha pravRtti nahIM karA sktaa| yadi usakA arthakriyA se sambandha anubhava meM AtA hai to use savikalpaka mAnanA cAhie / pravartaka hue binA pratyakSa ko pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki bauddhoM ne 'prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa' kathana dvArA pramANa kA vyAvahArika lakSaNa kahA hai| bauddha - nirvikalpaka pratyakSa abhyAsa, pATava Adi se jisa aMza meM vidhi evaM niSedha vikalpoM ko utpanna karatA huA puruSa ko pravartita karatA hai usI aMza meM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA prAmANya hai / nizcaya kI apekSA se nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vyavahAra kA sAdhaka hotA hai, ataH usake prAmANya meM koI kSati nahIM hai I 281. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 282. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA naiyAyika - yadi isa prakAra nizcaya hone para hI pravRtti hotI hai, nizcaya ke abhAva meM nahIM, , to pravRttividhAyaka hone se nizcaya hI pramANa hai| darzana (nirvikalpaka pratyakSa) se gRhIta nIla kA nizcaya karane vAlA vikalpa gRhItagrAhI hone se apramANa nahIM hotA hai| vikalpa pramANa hai, kyoMki vaha darzana gRha artha ke arthakriyA sambandha kA ullekha karate hue pravRtti karAtA hai / sarvatra kalpanA (vikalpa) hI pravRtti karAtI hai| anumAna meM bhI usase hI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| darzana (nirvikalpaka pratyakSa) kSaNika kA grahaNa karane para vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA, kyoMki vaha tadanurUpa pravRtti nahIM karAtA, ataH vyavahAra vidhAyaka jJAna ko hI pramANa kahA jA sakatA hai aura vaha jJAna nirvikalpaka nahIM, savikalpaka hai / 283 168 bauddha - hama vikalpAtmaka jJAna ko apramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, kyoMki anumAna ko hamane vikalpa rUpa meM hI pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu vikalpAtmaka jJAna ko pratyakSapramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / naiyAyika - liGga ke abhAva meM pratyakSa artha kA nizcaya karane vAlA vikalpa anumAna kaise hai ? bauddha - yaha kevala aparokSa (purovartI) artha kA hI nizcaya nahIM karatA, apitu arthakriyA se sambaddha parokSa artha kA bhI nizcaya karatA hai| usake abhAva meM pravRtti nahIM hotI / sugandha Adi kA nirvikalpaka rUpeNa jJAna karane vAlA abhyasta puruSa anyatragatacitta hokara bhI pravRtta hotA dikhAI detA hai / ataH nirvikalpaka ko pravartaka kaise nahIM kahA jA sakatA ? yadi anumAna se hI bAhyArtha meM sarvadA pravRtti hotI hai to pratyakSa pramANa siddha nahIM ho sakegA tathA use mAtra svasaMvedana (pratyakSa ) mAnanA par3egA aura taba rUpAdi svalakSaNagrAhI indriyajJAna evaM AryacatuSTaya gocara yogavijJAna Adi caturvidha pratyakSa kA varNana asaMgata ho jAyegA / yadi nirvikalpaka pratyakSa artha kI arthakriyA yogyatA ko prApta nahIM karatA hai aura usake abhAva meM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI, ataH pravartaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa bAhya vyavahAra meM nirvikalpaka jJAna pramANa nahIM hai, to anumAna bhI arthakriyA kI saMgati ko prakAzita nahIM karatA hai, kyoMki anumAna kA viSaya avastu hai ataH vaha bhI pravartaka siddha nahIM hotaa| yadi vaha adhyavasAyaka ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai, isalie arthagrAhitA ke abhAva meM bhI pravartaka hotA hai to yaha kathana asat hai, kyoMki usakA adhyavasAyitva hI anupapanna hai / grAyAkAra evaM grAhakAkAra donoM rUpoM me usakA adhyavasAyitva siddha nahIM hotA / anumAna hone para pravRtti dekhI gayI hai| anumAna ke abhAva meM pravRtti nahIM dekhI gayIM, ataH anumAna se pravRtti hotI hai aisA yadi nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai to vikalparahita pratyakSa meM bhI abhyAsadazA meM pravRtti dekhI gayI hai / yaha bAta bAra- bAra kahI gayI hai ki kalpanA kA saMvedana na hone para bhI puraH sthita artha ke spaSTa pratibhAsa mAtra se hI pravRtti hotI hai, ataH usase kyoM nahIM pravRtti kA vyavasthApana 283. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa 169 kiyA jAtA? yadi anumAna se anabhyAsa dazA meM pravRtti upalabdha hotI hai,usake binA nahIM hotI to yaha bhI mAnyatA upayukta nahIM hai,kyoMki anabhyAsa dazA meM anumAna se pravRtti dikhAI dene se sarvadA anumAna se hI vyavahAra utpanna hogA aura pratyakSa se liGga kA grahaNa nahIM mAnane ke kAraNa liGga ke nizcaya ke lie anya anumAna mAnanA par3egA tathA usa anumAna ke liGga nizcaya ke lie bhI anya anumAna mAnanA hogaa| isa prakAra anavasthA doSa upasthita hogA evaM kabhI vyavahAra nahIM ho sakegA, ataH nirvikalpaka darzana (pratyakSa) ko abhyAsadazA meM vyavahAra karane vAlA svIkAra karanA caahie|284 isa prakAra abhayadevasUri ne vaiyAkaraNa evaM naiyAyikoM ke savikalpavAda kA bauddhoM dvArA khaNDana prastuta kara bauddha nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko majabUtI ke sAtha pUrvapakSa meM rakhA hai| abhayadevasUri dvArA bauddha pratyakSa kA nirasana tarkapaMcAnana abhayadevasari ke mata meM anya jaina dArzanikoM kI taraha vahI jJAna pramANa hotA hai jo sva evaM artha kA nirNAyaka ho|285 bauddha sammata nirvikalpaka jJAna sva evaM artha kA nirNAyaka nahIM hai, isalie abhayadevasUri ne bauddha dArzanikoM se sIdhA prazna kiyA hai ki Apa loga (bauddha) sva evaM artha ke nirNAyaka svabhAva vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kyoM nahIM mAnate haiM ? usake grAhaka pramANa kA abhAva hai isalie yA usake bAdhaka pramANa kA sadbhAva hai isalie ? svArthanirNayasvabhAva vAle jJAna ke grAhaka pramANa kA abhAva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA,kyoMki sthira,sthUla evaM sAdhAraNa stambhAdi bAhya artha kA tathA sad dravya cetanatva Adi Antarika jJAna kA nirNaya hotA dekhA gayA hai| svasaMvedana pratyakSa meM sva evaM artha kA nirNAyaka pratyakSa siddha hai isalie sva evaM artha ke nirNAyaka jJAna ke grAhaka pramANa kA abhAva siddha nahIM hai| sva evaM artha ke nirNayasvabhAva vAle jJAna kA bAdhaka pramANa bhI nahIM hai| usakA bAdhaka na pratyakSapramANa hai aura na anumAnapramANa / pratyakSa-pramANa usakA bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki vaha avikalpajJAna kA prasAdhaka nahIM hai| niraMza kSaNika evaM eka paramANu kA jJAna svasaMvedana pratyakSa se siddha nahIM hai / ataH pratyakSa ko sva evaM artha ke nirNAyaka jJAna kA bAdhaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| anumAnapramANa bhI usakA bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki anumAna to pratyakSapUrvaka pravRtta hotA hai| jisa viSaya meM pratyakSa kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI,usameM anumAna pravRtta nahIM hotA / pratyakSa evaM anumAna ke atirikta pramANa bauddhoM ko abhISTa nahIM hai|286 abhayadevasUri ne nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka ke ekatva adhyavasAya,nirvikalpaka ke vaizadya tathA nirvikalpaka avasthA Adi kA jo khaNDana kiyA hai use uttara-pratyuttara ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA 284. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 285. pramANaM svArthanirNItisvabhAvajJAnam |-tttvbodhvidhaayinii, pR. 518.24 286. draSTavya, pariziSTa -kha

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170 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jA rahA hai| bauddha - nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka jJAna meM mana kI yugapad vRtti hone athavA zIghravRtti kAraNa mUDha puruSa nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka jJAna meM ekatva kA adhyavasAya karatA hai,87 jisase vaha nirvikalpaka pratyakSagata vizadatA ko sva evaM artha ke adhyavasAyI sAMza vikalpajJAna para Aropita kara detA hai jisase use vikalpajJAna vizada pratIta hotA hai| abhayadevasUri- sva evaM artha kA adhyavasAyI eka hI vizadajJAna anubhava meM AtA hai / ananubhUyamAna nirvikalpaka jJAna kI parikalpanA karane para to buddhi se bhinna caitanya (puruSa) kI parikalpanA karane vAle sAMkhyamata ke aniSedha kA prasaMga AtA hai / abhayadevasUri bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki savikalpa evaM nirvikalpaka jJAna meM ekatva kA adhyavasAya kauna karatA hai ? nirvikalpaka jJAna to vikalpa ke sAtha ekatA kA adhyavasAya nahIM kara sakatA ,kyoMki vaha bauddhamata meM adhyavasAya se vikala mAnA gayA hai / yadi vaha adhyavasAya karane lage to use prAnta mAnane kA prasaMga AtA hai / vikalpa bhI nirvikalpaka ke sAtha ekatA kA adhyavasAya nahIM kara sakatA ,kyoMki savikalpa jJAna kA nirvikalpaka jJAna viSaya nahIM banatA hai / yadi bane to savikalpaka jJAna svalakSaNa ko bhI viSaya karane lgegaa| aviSayIkRta jJAna kA anya jJAna para adhyAropa nahIM hotA hai,yathA jaba taka rajata kA jJAna nahIM huA hai taba taka usakA sIpa para yaha rajata hai' isa prakAra adhyAropa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nirvikalpaka pratyakSa bhI apane ko nirvikalpaka rUpa meM nahIM jAnatA hai,kyoMki vaha artha ko viSaya nahIM karatA tathA vaha 'yaha hai' isa rUpa meM asiddha hai| marIcikA kA jala ke rUpa meM adhyavasAya hone para bhI vaha usa rUpa arthakriyA meM upayogI siddha nahIM hotA / isI prakAra anubhava (nirvikalpa jJAna) bhI vikalpa rUpa meM adhyavasita hokara usa prakAra kI arthakriyA karane meM siddha nahIM hotA / bauddha mata meM vikalpa bhI siddha nahIM hai ,kyoMki usakA viSaya avastu svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi vikalpa usako vikalparUpame adhyavasita karatA hai to vikalpakA viSaya paramArtha mAnanA par3egA tathA vikalpa kA avastu ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa evaM visaMvAdayukta hone ke kAraNa uccheda samajhanA cAhie"288 kathana se saMgati nahIM baitthegii| ataH vikalpAntara bhI vikalpa kA adhyavasAya nahIM kara sakatA,kyoMki usameM bhI vahI avastu ko viSaya karane kA doSa hai| yadi nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka jJAna kI ekatA kA adhyavasAya karate samaya vikalpa jJAna ko vyavahArakartA puruSa nirvikalpaka rUpa meM mAnatA hai to samasta jJAna taba nirvikalpaka ho jAyegA evaM vikalpajJAna kA vyavahAra samApta hone se anumAna-pramANa kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| yadi nirvikalpaka 287. tulanIya - manasoyugapadvRtte : savikalpAvikalpayoH / vimUDho laghuvRttervA tayorekyaM vyavasyati ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.133 288.vikalpA'vastunirbhAsAd visaMvAdAdupaplava: / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 500.14

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pratyakSa-pramANa 171 jJAna ko vyavahArakartA puruSa savikalpaka rUpa meM mAnatA hai to samasta jJAna savikalpaka ho jAyegA phalataH bauddhoM kA nirvikalpaka pratyakSavAda samApta ho jaayegaa| prajJAkara(bauddha) - jisa prakAra maNiprabhA meM maNi kA jJAna jo maiMne maNi dekhA, vahI prApta huA,aisA mAnane vAle ke lie pratyakSa pramANa hai / 289 usI prakAra dRzya evaM prApya meM ekatva kA adhyavasAya hone se nirvikalpaka jJAna pratyakSa pramANa hai| abhayadeva-jisa prakAra dRzya paraprApya kA Aropa karake use prApyamAnAjAtA hai usI prakAra avikalpa para vikalpa kA Aropa kara use vikalpa kyoM nahI mAna lete haiM,kyoMki donoM sthAnoM para tulya nyAya bauddha- prApya maNiprabhA evaM maNipratibhAsa kA ekatva adhyavasAya hone se maNi prApta hone para bhI usake pratibhAsa kA abhAva nahIM hotA / usI prakAra savikalpa evaM nirvikalpa ke ekatva kA adhyavasAya hone para bhI nirvikalpaka kA abhAva nahIM hotaa| abhayadeva- yaha kathana ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki isa prakAra to sAMza (sAvayava),sthUla,evaM eka artha ke spaSTa pratibhAsa se rahita niraMza, kSaNika,paramANu pratibhAsa lakSaNayukta nirvikalpa kA savikalpa se hI nirNaya hogaa|290 apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM abhayadevasUri ne vikalpa dvArA nirvikalpa ke tiraskAra kI vistRta carcA kI hai tathA yaha siddha kiyA hai ki vikalpa pracuraviSaya vAlA hone se athavA nirNAyaka hone se balavAn nahIM hotaa| ataH vikalpa ke dvArA avikalpa ke tiraskAra ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|291 yadi sUrya ke dvArA tArAsamUha ke tiraskAra ke samAna vikalpa se avikalpa kA tiraskAra ho jAtA hai ,ataH avikalpa rUpa meM nirNaya nahIM hotA taba isa prakAra to vikalpa kA avikalpa se tiraskAra mAnane para bhI pratibhAsa nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi vikalpa balavAna hai evaM avikalpa durbala hai ataH vikalpa ke dvArA avikalpa kA tiraskAra hotA hai to vikalpa balavAn kaise hai ? yadi pracuraviSayavAlA hone se vikalpa balavAn hai to yaha ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki avikalpa ke viSaya meM vikalpa kI pravRtti hotI hai ,anyathA vikalpa meM gRhItagrAhitva doSa asaMbhava ho jaayegaa| yadi nirNayAtmaka hone se vikalpa balavAn hai to vaha svarUpa meM nirNayAtmaka hai yA artharUpa meM ? 289 tulanIya - tasmAnmaNiprabhAyAmapi maNijJAnampratyakSameva |-prmaannvaartikbhaassy,p.220.19 290. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 291. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA svarUpa meM to vaha nirNayAtmaka nahIM hai, kyoMki taba 'sarvacittacaittAnAmAtmasaMvedanaM pratyakSam ' isa svasaMvedana rUpa nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke lakSaNa se virodha utpanna ho jaayegaa| yadi phira bhI use nirNayAtmaka mAnA jAe to cakSu Adi indriyoM se utpanna jJAna sva evaM para kA nirNayAtmaka kyoM nahIM hotA ? aura yadi sva evaM artha kA adhyavasAya cakSu Adi indriyoM kA siddha hai to kisase kisakA tiraskAra hogA ? isIlie vikalpa ko svarUpa se nirNAyaka nahIM mAnanA caahie| 172 yadi artharUpa meM vikalpa nirNayAtmaka hai to aisA mAnane para eka vikalpa ke nirNaya evaM anirNaya ye do svabhAva mAnane pddeNgeN| yadi ve donoM svabhAva paraspara vikalpa se bhinna haiM to kisa sambandha se ve vikalpa se sambaddha haiM? Apa samavAyAdi sambandha ko svIkAra karate nahIM hai / ataH vikalpa nirNayAtmaka hone se balavAn hai, yaha siddha nahIM hotA / nirNaya evaM anirNaya svabhAva kA paraspara evaM unake vikalpa se tAdAtmya sambandha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to bhI upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki jo vikalpa svarUpa se anirNayAtmaka hai vaha bAhyArtha meM nirNaya svabhAva vAlA kaise hogA ? bAhyArtha meM nirNaya svabhAva vAlA hone para svarUpa se use nirNayAtmaka mAnanA hogA, kyoMki svarUpa kA nizcaya kiye binA vikalpa artha kA nizcaya nahIM karatA hai / jisa prakAra dUsaroM kA jJAna apane anubhava kA viSaya nahIM hotA usI prakAra vikalpa kA svarUpa jAne binA vaha apanA viSaya nahIM hotaa| usa vikalpa kA vikalpAntara se bhI nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki usakA anya vikalpAntara se nizcaya karane kA prasaMga upasthita hogA, phalataH anavasthA doSa A jAyegA / ataH tadAkAra kA viSaya nahIM hone se vikalpya artha kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa dRzya evaM vikalpya arthoM ke ekatva kA adhyavasAya nahIM ho sakatA / isa prakAra vikalpa pracuraviSaya vAlA hone se evaM nirNAyaka hone se balavAn nahIM hai / taba usase nirvikalpaka kA tiraskAra honA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vikalpa dvArA avikalpa kA ekatva adhyavasAya nahIM kiyA jAtA / Age abhayadevasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki yadi avikalpaka jJAna dvArA vikalpa para ekatva kA adhyAropa kiyA jAtA hai, to batAie isakA nizcaya kaise hotA hai? yadi aspaSTa evaM asvalakSaNa prAhI vikalpa meM spaSTa evaM svalakSaNa grAhI avikalpaka jJAna kI pratIti hone para ekatva ke adhyAropa kA jJAna hotA hai to yaha mantavya ucita nahIM hai| yadi vikalpajJAna meM avikalpaka jJAna kI pratIti hotI hai, isalie vikalpa jJAna para avikalpa kA Aropa hotA hai to prazna uThatA hai ki avikalpa kA Aropa kaise hotA hai? yadi avikalpa ke spaSTatA Adi dharma vikalpa meM dikhAI dete haiM isalie avikalpa kA vikalpa para Aropa siddha hotA hai to yaha dhAraNA bhI bhrAnta hai, kyoMki avikalpa meM spaSTatA Adi dharma svIkAra nahIM kiye jA sakate / vastutaH vikalpa ke atirikta avikalpa kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai jisase spaSTatA Adi dharmoM kI kalpanA kI jA ske| avikalpa meM spaSTatA Adi dharmoM kA jJAna

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pratyakSa-pramANa 173 karAne ke lie anya ananubhUta vizadatva Adi dharma vAle jJAna kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai to anavasthA doSa AtA hai|292 bauddha- koI jJAna savikalpaka hotA hai tathA koI nirvikalpaka / inameM vikalpa kI utpatti arthasAmarthya se nahIM hotI hai isalie vikalpa meM spaSTatA Adi dharma nahIM pAye jAte haiM evaM avikalpa kI utpatti bhI yadi arthasAmarthya ke binA mAna lI jAya to kahIM bhI spaSTatA Adi dharma nahIM pAye jAyeMge / ataH avikalpa meM unheM svIkAra karanA cAhie / vastutaH arthasAmarthya se utpanna hone kI vaizadya se vyApti hai| avikalpa jJAna arthasAmarthya se utpanna hotA hai,ataH vaha vizada hai| abhayadevasUri- arthasAmarthya se utpanna hone para bhI dUra sthita pAdapa Adi kA jJAna vizada nahIM hotA hai evaM yogipratyakSa jJAna artha sAmarthya se anutpanna hokara bhI spaSTa hotA hai ataH vizadatA kI vyApti arthasAmotpanna jJAna se nahIM kahI jA sktii| yogipratyakSa jJAna artha ke sAmarthya se utpanna nahIM hotA hai ,kyoMki yogI puruSa atIta evaM anAgata artha ke abhAva meM bhI unakA pratyakSa kara letA hai| yadi anya svabhAva se yogipratyakSa meM atItAdi arthoM kA jJAna hotA hai to usa jJAna ko sAvayavagrAhI mAnanA hogA,phalataH vaha savikalpaka ho jaayegaa| ataH yogipratyakSa jJAna ko artha sAmarthya se utpanna nahIM mAnanA caahie| __ jaina dArzanikoM ke mata meM koI jJAna arthasAmarthya se utpanna nahIM hotA , isalie vikalpa jJAna arthasAmarthya se anutpanna hokara bhI yadi vizada hotA hai to isameM kyA virodha hai ? 293 bauddha - vikalpa kA vizadatA se hI virodha hai / vikalpa se anubaddha jJAna meM spaSTa artha kA pratibhAsa nahIM hotA yathA svapna meM smArta jJAna kA smaraNa hotA hai, kintu spaSTa artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai / 294 abhayadevasUri- svapnAvasthA meM purovartI hastI Adi kA prakAzaka eka jJAna anubhava meM AtA hai tathA dUsarA smaraNa jJAna hotA hai / unameM pUrvollekha rUpa se utpanna svapna jJAna ko yadi avizada mAnA jAtA hai to isase samasta vikalpa jJAnoM meM vizadatA kA abhAva nahIM hotaa| kucha vikalpa jJAna purovartI stambha Adi kA spaSTa jJAna karate haiN| ina jJAnoM kI svasaMvedana- pratyakSa se bhI pratIti hotI hai| purovartI stambhAdi ke spaSTa jJAna ko avikalpaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ,vaha to savikalpaka hI hai| sthira evaM sthUla purovartI hastI Adi ke prakAzaka svapnAvasthA ke jJAna ko yadi nirvikalpaka mAnA jAtA hai to sAvayava vastu ke adhyavasAyI anumAna jJAna ko bhI nirvikalpaka mAnanA hogA,phalataH vikalpa kI bAta hI samApta ho jAyegI aura ApakA yaha kathana bhI nirasta ho jAyegA ki pahale niraMza vastu kA 292. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 293. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 294. vikalpasya vaizadyameva virodhaH / taduktam na viklpaanbddhsyspssttaarthprtibhaasitaa| sva'pi smaryate smAtanaca tat tAdagarbhavat ||-prmaannvaartik,2.283

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174 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA grAhaka nirvikalpaka jJAna hotA hai,kyoMki vaha arthasAmarthya se utpanna hotA hai,usake anantara kAla meM nirvikalpaka jJAna se arthanirapekSa evaM sAMza vastu kA adhyavasAyI avizada savikalpaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai| zIghra utpanna hone ke kAraNa nirvikalpaka jJAna kI vizadatA ke adhyAropase loka savikalpaka ko pratyakSa mAnatA hai|' ___uparyukta nyAya se vikalpa hI vizada rUpa meM utpanna ThaharatA hai kyoMki niraMza,kSaNika paramANu kA vyavasAya karane vAle nirvikalpaka jJAna kI kahIM bhI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai / isalie usameM vaizadya kI kalpanA karanA khaNDita ho jAtA hai / 295 bauddha- samasta kalpanAoM ke samApana kI avasthA meM purovartI artha ke prakAzaka,spaSTa evaM indriya se utpanna nirvikalpaka jJAna kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| jJAna meM nirvikalpakatA pratyakSa se hI siddha hai / usake lie anya pramANa ke anveSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / samastavikalpoM ke samApana kI avasthA meM nAmAdi se yukta artha ke ullekha rUpa vikalpa kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai| 16 abhayadevasari - samasta vikalpoM se rahati avasthA hI siddha nahIM hai kyoMki usa avasthA meM bhI sthira evaM sthUla svabhAva vAle,zabda saMsarga ke yogya purovartI 'go' Adi ke pratibhAsa kA anubhava hotA hai aura vaha savikalpaka jJAna kAhI anubhava hai| zabda saMsarga kA pratibhAsa hI savikalpakatA nahIM hai ,apitu zabda saMsarga ke yogya pratibhAsa ko bhI dharmakIrti ne savikalpaka svIkAra kiyA hai| 297 ataH purovartI gau Adi kA pratibhAsa zabda saMsarga ke yogya hone se savikalpaka hI hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnate haiM to avyutpanna saMketa vAle bAlaka kA jJAna zabdasaMsarga se rahita hone ke kAraNa savikalpaka siddha nahIM hogA ,jabaki use bauddha dArzanika savikalpaka mAnate haiM / 298 ataHzabda saMsarga ke yogya pratibhAsa ke vizada hone se savikalpaka jJAna ko bhI pratyakSa mAnanA caahie| savikalpaka jJAna meM Avazyaka nahIM hai ki zabda yojanA ho / zabda yojanA ke binA bhI sthira evaM sthUla artha kA pratibhAsa nirNayAtmaka ho sakatA hai| vahI vizada, nirNayAtmaka evaM savikalpaka jJAna pratyakSa pramANa hai / 299 yadi vikalpa kA svarUpa zabda yojanA se yukta artha kA grahaNa karanA mAnA jAya to 30deg zabda 295. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha296.(1) tulanIya-saMhRtya sarvatacintAM stimitenAntarAtmanA / sthitopi cakSuSA rUpamIkSate sAkSajA mati: |-prmaannvaartik,2.1 (2) pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhaM pratyakSeNaiva sidhyati |-prmaannvaartik,2.123 297. abhilApasaMsargayogyapratibhAsA pratIti : kalpanA |-nyaaybindu, 1.5 298.dharmottara ne avyutpatra saMketa bAlaka ke jJAna ko bhI savikalpaka mAnA hai, yathA-kAcittvabhilApenAsaMsaSTApi abhilA pasaMsargayogyAbhAsA bhavati, yathA bAlakasyAvyutpatrasaMketasya klpnaa|-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.5, pR.44 299.draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 300. talanIya-zabdArthagAhiyad yatra tajjJAnaM tatra kalpanA |-prmaannvaartik,2.287

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pratyakSa-pramANa 175 smaraNa ke binA zabdayojanA asaMbhava hai aura pUrvakAla meM arthadarzana ke sAtha zabda kI sannidhi ke binA zabda smaraNa asaMbhava hai / artha kA darzana nizcaya ko utpanna kiye binA yukta nahIM hai aura nizcaya zabdayojanA ke binA svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra pratyakSa kahIM bhI arthapradarzaka nahIM ho pAtA,ataH usakA prAmANya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isalie zabdayojanA ke binA bhI artha kA nirNAyaka jJAna pratyakSa hotA hai| avikalpa yA anirNayAtmaka pratyakSa se liGga kA bhI nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| liGga kA nirNaya karane ke lie anumAna bhI sakSama nahIM hai,kyoMki usake liMga kA nirNaya karane ke lie anya anumAna kI kalpanA karanI hogI / phalataH anavasthA doSa ke kAraNa anumAna hI pravRtta nahIM ho sakegA aura samasta pramANa Adi ke vyavahAra kA lopa ho jaayegaa|201 bauddha - niraMza vastu ke sAmarthya se utpanna hone ke kAraNa, indriya ke prathama sannipAta se utpanna nirvikalpaka jJAna niraMza vastu kA prahaNa karatA hai| abhayadevasUri- yaha kathana bhI asaMgata hai,kyoMki niraMza vastu kA hI abhAva hai ataH usake sAmarthya se utpanna hone kA jo hetu diyA gayA hai vaha asiddha hai / jo niraMzavastu se utpanna ho,vaha niraMza vastu kA grAhI ho yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ,kyoMki niraMza rUpa-svalakSaNa se utpanna uttara rUpa-svalakSaNa, pUrvakSaNa kA mAhI nahIM hotA hai| ___abhayadevasUri ne sAMza yA sAvayavavastu kA pratyakSa hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa ko savikalpaka svIkAra kiyA hai / unhoMne bauddha mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki svasaMvedana pratyakSa tathAbhUta niraMza vastu se utpanna nahIM hotA hai ataH use saMvedanagrAhI evaM nirvikalpaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa|302 bauddha - anubhava (nirvikalpaka pratyakSa) mAtra se vikalpa kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai / anyathA nirNayAtmakapratyakSavAdI ko bhI vistRta praghaTTaka Adi meM varNa,pada,vAkya Adi sabakA nirNayAtmaka pratyakSa rUpa se anubhava hone lagegA tathA smaraNa rUpa vikalpa kA udaya hI nahIM ho skegaa| usakI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhegii| ___ yadi nirNayAtmaka pratyakSa meM darzana,pATava,abhyAsa,prakaraNa Adi kI apekSA hotI hai to vaha to nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM bhI samAnarUpeNa lAgU hotI hai| abhayadevasUri- bauddhoM kA yaha kathana asat hai ,kyoMki darzana (nirvikalpaka pratyakSa)meM saccetana Adi ko grahaNa karane kI yogyatA rUpa jo pATava hai tathA unako grahaNa na karane kI yogyatA rUpa jo apATava hai vaha darzana evaM dRzya ke sAvayava hone para hI yuktimat ThaharatA hai aura sAvayava hone para usakI savikalpakatA siddha hotI hai| 301. draSTavya, pariziSTa -kha 302. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA yadi abhyAsa Adi kI sahAyatA se darzana vikalpa ko utpanna karatA hai to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kabhI abhyAsa Adi kI sahAyatA se darzana vikalpa ko utpanna karatA huA nahIM dekhA gayA, ataH avikalpa meM vikalpa janakatA ko kaise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yadi saccetana Adi vikalpa ko avikalpaka jJAna utpanna karatA huA dekhA gayA hai, isalie avikalpa ko savikalpaka kA janaka mAnA gayA hai to phira kramabhAvI hetu evaM phala ke rUpa meM avikalpa evaM savikalpa do jJAnoM kA anubhava honA cAhie, jo nahIM hotA hai / kevala eka sAvayava svabhAva vAle, sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu ke grAhaka jJAna kA hI nizcaya hotA hai, ataH yahI vikalpajJAna utpanna hotA hai| 176 avikalpa jJAna ko abhyAsAdi kI sahAyatA se vikalpa ko utpanna karane vAlA siddha karane ke lie jo praghaTTaka ke asmaraNa kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai vaha bhI ayukta hai, kyoMki varNa Adi evaM unake jJAnoM kA prati vyakti bheda hotA hai| unake dRDha saMskAra hI nizcayAtmaka hote haiM tathA unakA jJAna hI smRti janaka hotA hai, ataH pratiniyata viSaya kI smRti saMbhava hone se sakala praghaTTaka ke asmaraNa kA doSa nahIM AtA hai / anizcayAtmaka jJAna to kSaNikatva Adi kI bhAMti kahIM bhI vikalpa kA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| ,303 abhayadevasUri ne bauddha pakSa ko rakhate hue dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika ke do zlokoM ko prastuta kiyA hai / tadanusAra pratyakSa dvArA eka artha kA samasta svabhAva jAna liyA jAtA hai to phira usakA kaunasA bhAga adRSTa raha jAtA hai jisake lie pramANAntara (anumAna) kA parIkSaNa kiyA jAtA hai ? dharmakIrti ke mata meM rUpasAdharmya se dRSTa artha ke jJAna meM bhrAnti ho sakatI hai yathA zukti meM rajatAkAra kI bhrAnti / usake nirAkaraNa ke lie anumAna pramANa mAnA gayA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM abhayadeva isakA tAtparya kahate haiM ki jo jisase abhinna hai vaha usake anubhava kiye jAne para anubhava hotA hai, jisa prakAra usa vastu kA hI svruup| saccetana Adi citta se svargaprApaNasAmarthya abhinna hai / usakA usase bhedasambandha asiddha hai / 304 abhayadeva - svargaprApaNa - sAmarthya saccetanAdi citta se abhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki saccetanAdi kA anubhava hone para svargaprApaNa - sAmarthya kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai, yathA candramA kA pratyakSa hone para bhI timira rogI ko usake ekatva kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai| candramA kA grahaNa hone ke sAtha usake ekatva in bhI anubhava ho jAtA hai, yadi aisA kaheM to phira pratyakSa meM bhrAnti kA abhAva mAnanA hogaa| yadi koI pratyakSa bhrAnta nahIM hotA hai to phira 'kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM pratyakSam ' meM abhrAnta pada kA grahaNa karanA anarthaka siddha hotA hai / vastutaH ekatva ke jJAna ke binA bhI candramA kA pratibhAsa hotA dekhA gayA hai / yadi do candramAoM ke dikhAI dene para candrajJAna marIcikA jala kI bhAMti bhrAnta hai to yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki 303. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 304. tulanIya, pramANavArtika 3.43-44

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pratyakSa-pramANa dvitva jJAna meM visaMvAda hone se jisa prakAra vaha jJAna bhrAnta hai usI prakAra candramA meM saMvAda hone se vaha abhrAnta bhI hai / pramANa evaM apramANa vyavasthA vyavahAra ke anurodha se hotI hai jaisA ki Apane (bauddhoM ne) kahA bhI hai 'prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa zAstraM mohanivartanam / 305 I eka jJAna meM bhrAnta evaM abhrAnta donoM rUpoM kA honA ayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki vyavahArI puruSa isa prakAra ke jJAna kA Azraya letA hai, anyathA candradarzana meM 'candrarUpa meM pramANatA tathA kSaNikatA meM apramANatA' ye donoM rUpa ghaTita nahIM hoNge| kSaNikatA meM candradarzana kA prAmANya mAnane ke lie pramANAntara kI pravRtti nahIM hogii| candrajJAna meM bhI apramANatA mAnane para to kahIM bhI koI bhI jJAna pramANa nahIM rahegA, phalataH samasta pramANa-vyavahAra kA lopa ho jAyegA / 306 177 jina bauddhoM ne dRzya evaM prApyakSaNa ke ekatva meM avisaMvAda mAnakara pratyakSa pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai tathA una donoM (dRzya evaM prApya) ke pRthak-pRthak rUpa se anubhava hone para bhI unameM pRthaktayA pramANa svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai ve candradarzana meM candraprApti kA adhyavasAya karake candramAtra meM pramANa kyoM nahIM svIkAra karate haiM ? dvitva jJAna ke kAraNa candradarzana mAtra ko apramANa kyoM mAna lete haiM ? viveka ke anadhyavasAyI puruSa ko candradarzana kA anubhava nahIM hone para bhI yadi ekatva kA nizcaya hone se use pramANa mAnate haiM to bauddhoM dvArA prayukta yaha anumAna pramANa bAdhita hotA hai ki "jo vastu jisa prakAra kI prakAzita hotI hai vaha usI prakAra se vyavahAra ke yogya sat hotI hai / jisa prakAra nIla ko nIlarUpa meM prakAzita karane vAlA jJAna nIla rUpa se vyavahAra yogya hotA hai usI prakAra samasta padArtha (bhAva) kSaNika rUpa meM avabhAsita hote haiM, isalie kSaNika haiN|" kyoMki isa anumAna vAkya meM hetu asiddha hai / 307 abhayadevasUri nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA bhinna prakAra se nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki avikalpaka darzana ko pramANa mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki suSupta avasthA meM bhI avikalpaka darzana pAyA jAtA hai / yataH cetanA kA sadbhAva suSuptAvasthA meM bhI rahatA hai anyathA jAgRta avasthA ke jJAna kA koI upAdAna nahIM rahegA yA acetana ko hI usakA upAdAna mAnanA hogaa| isalie avikalpaka darzana ko pramANa mAnane para suSuptAvasthA ke darzana ko bhI pramANa svIkAra karane kA prasaMga AtA hai| yadi usa nirvikalpaka darzana dvArA vikalpa ko utpanna nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, isalie vaha apramANa hai, to aisA mantavya bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki suSuptAvasthA meM bhI vikalpa kA tAdAtmya rahatA hai / yadi vikalpa suSuptAvasthA meM na ho to bAhyArtha meM bhI vaha vyavasthApaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| isalie bAhyArtha meM vyavasthApaka hone se savikalpajJAna ko hI pramANa mAnanA cAhie / 308 305. pramANavArtika, 1.7 306. draSTavya, pariziSTa kha 307. draSTavya, pariziSTa kha 308. draSTavya, pariziSTa kha -

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178 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 'abhyAsadazA meM vikalpanirapekSa darzana (pratyakSa) hI pramANa hotA hai' yaha bauddha maMtavya bhI ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki isameM darzana ko pramANa kisa viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ? bhAvI prApya rUpAdi meM yadi darzana ko pramANa kahA gayA hai to prApya ko viSaya nahIM karane ke kAraNa usameM prAmANya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai|anythaa nIlajJAna pItajJAna ke viSaya meM pramANa hone lagegA,aura pratyakSa kI vartamAnAvabhAsitA bhI siddha nahIM ho skegii| ___ yadi vartamAna ko viSaya karane vAlA darzana bhI bhAvI prApya meM pravRtta karAne ke kAraNa pramANa hai to yaha bhI samucita nahIM hai ,kyoMki jo abhI prApya viSaya nahIM banA hai usameM pravRtta karAnA saMbhava nahIM hai anyathA mImAMsaka-mata meM sAmAnya mAtra ko viSaya karane vAlA zabda jJAna bhI vizeSa meM pravRtti karAne lgegaa| usakA khaNDana karanA yukta nahIM ho skegaa| yadi prApya viSaya meM bhI nirvikalpaka jJAna kisI nimitta se pravartaka hotA hai to pratyakSapRSThabhAvI va sAmAnyamAtrAdhyavasAyI vikalpa ko prApya vizeSa meM pravartaka mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / jabaki bauddhoM ne dRzya evaM vikalpya arthoM ke ekatva jJAna ko pravRtti meM nimitta kahA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki nirvikalpaka jJAna prApya artha meM pramANa nahIM hai| yadi dRzya evaM prApya artha meM ekatva ke kAraNa vaha pramANa hotA hai to yaha kaise kahA gayA hai ? yadi vyavahArI puruSoM ko usameM saMvAda jJAna hotA hai isalie vaha pramANa hai 309,to dRzya evaM prApya kA ekatva kisakA viSaya hotA hai ? nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kA viSaya to ho nahIM sakatA ,kyoMki yadi vaha sAmAnya ko viSaya karegA to savikalpaka ho jAyegA aura yadi vikalpa usako viSaya karatA hai to abhyAsadazA meM vikalpa ko bauddha mata meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai isalie abhyAsadazA meM bhI vikalpa nirapekSa darzana ko pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa|310 sArAMza yaha hai ki abhayadevasUri ne bauddha pratyakSa kA vyAkaraNa evaM nyAya darzana ke sAtha AloDana karane ke anantara usake vividha pakSoM meM aneka doSoM kI udbhAvanA kI hai / bauddha pratyakSa kI AlocanA meM abhayadevasUri ne nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpa jJAna ke ekatva adhyavasAya ko anupapanna siddha kiyA hai, tathA nirvikalpa jJAna kI vizadatA kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai / abhayadevasUrI vidyAnanda kI bhAMti pratyakSa jJAna meM zabdayojanA ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM / akalaGka ke samAna abhayadevasari ne pratyakSa ko nizcayAtmaka artha meM savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai tathA bauddha sammata nirvikalpaka avasthA ko anupapatra batAyA hai| abhayadeva kA mantavya hai ki samasta kalpanAoM ke saMhAra kI avasthA meM bhI abhilApasaMsargayogya artha kA hI grahaNa hotA hai ,ataH pratyakSa jJAna nirvikalpaka nahIM ho sakatA / arthasAmarthya se utpanna pratyakSa ke vaizadya kA bhI abhayadeva ne nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / abhayadeva kA kathana hai ki yogipratyakSa artha sAmarthya se utpanna nahIM hotA hai,tathApi vizada hotA hai / abhayadeva sAMza vastu 309. tulanIya-pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnam ; arthakriyAsthitiravisaMvAdanam / - pramANavArtika, 1.3 310 draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa 179 kA grAhaka hone se bhI pratyakSa ko savikalpaka pratipAdita karate haiM / abhyAsa, darzana, pATava, prakaraNa Adi ko akalaGkaevaM vidyAnanda kI bhAMti abhayadeva ne bhI savikalpakajJAna meM hI yuktisaMgata ThaharAyA hai / abhayadevasUri ne abhyAsadazA meM vikalpa nirapekSa darzana ke prAmANya kA khaNDana kara savikalpaka pratyakSa ko hI vyavahAra ke lie saMvAdaka evaM pravartaka mAnA hai / yaha dhyAtavya hai ki abhayadeva ke mata meM jJAna ke samAna nirAkAra darzana kA bhI prAmANya hai ,kintu jJAna evaM darzana ko itarAkAra se rahita ve pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM / 311 prabhAcandra prabhAcandra ne nyAyakumudacandra evaM prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM bauddha nirvikalpaka pratyakSa para paryApta UhApoha kiyA hai / prabhAcandra para akalaGka,vidyAnanda evaM abhayadevasUri kA prabhAva hai ,tathApi unhoMne kalpanA ke svarUpa ,nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka jJAna ke ekatva adhyavasAya ,nirvikalpaka jJAna dvArA savikalpaka jJAna kI utpatti Adi viSayoM para vistRta evaM gahana cintana kara maulika tarka prastuta kiye haiN| bauddhAbhimata kalpanA kA khaNDana bauddha pratyakSa-lakSaNa kA khaNDana karane hetu udyata prabhAcandra ne bauddhoM se prazna kiyA hai ki 'kalpanApoDha' pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM kalpanA' kise kahA gayA hai ? pratibhAsa kA zabdayukta honA kalpanA hai? yA nizcaya honA kalpanA hai ? jAti Adi kA ullekha karanA kalpanA hai athavA pratibhAsa kA aspaSTa AkAra honA kalpanA hai? artha sAnnidhya ke binA pratibhAsa honA kalpanA hai? indriyoM ke binA pratibhAsa rUpa jJAna utpanna honA kalpanA hai athavA to dharmAntara kA Aropa karanA kalpanA hai ? 312 kalpanA ke ina vividha rUpoM ko prastuta kara prabhAcandra ne kevala do rUpoM ko kalpanA svIkAra kiyA hai-nizcaya honA evaM jAti Adi kA ullekha karanA / prabhAcandra ne kalpanA ke anya rUpoM kA pratiSedha kiyA hai| kalpanA kA artha prabhAcandra ke mata meM vikalpAtmaka athavA nizcayAtmaka jJAna hai| usI AdhAra para ve kalpanA ke vibhinna rUpoM kA pratiSedha karate haiN| prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki pratibhAsa kA zabda yukta honA upapanna nahIM hai / isalie abhilApavatI pratIti ko kalpanA kahanA213 ucita nahIM hai| pratibhAsa svabhAva se abhilApayukta hotA hai yA abhilApa kA hetu hone ke kAraNa abhilApayukta hotA hai ? svabhAva se pratibhAsa zabdayukta nahIM hotaa| artha ke pratibhAsa meM aisA koI svabhAva nahIM hai ki jisase vaha zabda yukta utpanna ho / pratibhAsa cetana hotA hai tathA zabda paudgalika hone ke kAraNa acetana hotA hai / cetana evaM acetana meM pArasparika virodha 311. nirAkArasAkAropayogI tUpasarjanIkRtataditarAkArI svaviSayAvabhAsakatvena pravartamAnau pramANam, na tu nirstetraakaarii| - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 458 312. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 313. abhilAvatI pratItiH klpnaa|-shaantrkssit, tattvasaGgraha,1213

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180 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hone se inameM tAdAtmya nahIM ho sktaa| jina donoM meM viruddha dharma pAe jAte haiM unameM tAdAtmya nahIM hotA,jaise jala aura agni meM / isI prakAra cetana evaM acetana rUpa viruddha dharma hone ke kAraNa zabda evaM jJAna (pratibhAsa) meM tAdAtmya nahIM pAyA jAtA / isalie jJAna meM zabda kI svabhAva -zUnyatA hone ke kAraNa usameM avikalpakatA siddha hI hai |use siddha karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / zabda kA hetu hone se bhI artha kA pratibhAsa zabdayukta nahIM hotA hai| yadi zabda se pratibhAsa utpanna hotA hai isalie pratibhAsa kalpanAtmaka hotA hai aisA mAneM taba to zrotra se hone vAlA zabdajJAna bauddhamata meM avikalpaka nahIM raha skegaa| kyoMki vaha abhilApa se utpanna hotA hai / yadi pratibhAsa zabda ko utpanna karatA hai isalie vaha abhilApavAn hotA hai to prakRti -pratyayAdi kA pratyakSa bhI savikalpaka ho jaayegaa| pratibhAsa ko zabda se janya evaM janaka donoM mAnane para bhI donoM prakAra ke doSa Ate haiM tathA eka meM donoM ke hone kA virodha bhI AtA hai| isalie abhilApavatI pratIti yA zabdayukta pratibhAsa ko kalpanA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai|314 prabhAcandra yahAM yaha spaSTa karanA cAhate haiM ki jaina matAnusAra artha kA jo pratyakSa hotA hai vaha zabdayukta yA abhilApa yukta nahIM hotA / artha kA pratibhAsa zabda rahita hI hotA hai| zabda acetana evaM pratibhAsa cetana hotA hai , ataH inameM tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM ho sktaa| bauddha bhI pratyakSa ko abhilApa rahita mAnate haiM , kintu unhoMne saMbhavataH mImAMsA darzana evaM vaiyAkaraNoM ke zabdAdvaita kA khaNDana karane ke lie pratyakSa ko abhilApa yA zabda rahita nirUpita kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se jaina evaM bauddha mantavya meM koI matabheda nahIM hai| prabhAcandra ne pratibhAsa ke aspaSTa AkAra ko bhI 'kalpanA' mAnane kA pratiSedha kiyA hai|315 prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki aspaSTa AkAra kI siddhi vikalpAtmaka anumAna se hotI hai, yathA - "jo savikalpaka jJAna hotA hai vaha aspaSTa hotA hai,yathA anumAna / vivAdAspada jJAna bhI aspaSTa hai ,kyoMki vaha vikalpAtmaka hai / isa prakAra vikalpa se aspaSTatA kI siddhi hone ke kAraNa tathA aspaSTatA se vikalpotpatti mAnane ke kAraNa anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai / vastutaH nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka jJAnoM se spaSTatA evaM aspaSTatA kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| spaSTatA evaM aspaSTatA kA sambandha to usakI indriyAdi sAmagrI vizeSa se hotA hai / vastu kA svarUpa bhI aspaSTatA meM hetu nahIM hotA hai / yadi parokSa AkAra kA jahAM ullekha hotA hai vahAM aspaSTatA hotI hai,to yaha mantavya bhI upayukta nahIM hai,kyoMki vikalpa jJAna sarvatra parokSa artha meM hI pravRtta nahIM hotA hai, apitu vartamAna purovartI artha meM bhI vikalpAtmaka pratyakSa kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai|316 314. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 315. dharmakIrti evaM dharmottara asphuTa pratibhAsa meM kalpanA mAnate haiM, yathA - (1) na vikalpAnubaddhasyAsti sphuTArthAvabhAsitA |-prmaannvaartik, 2.283 (2) asphuTAbhatvAdeva ca sviklpkm|- nyAyabinduTIkA,1.11 pR067 316. draSTavya pariziSTa-kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa 181 bauddhoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vizada hotA hai tathA kalpanAtmaka jJAna aspaSTa hotA hai ,kintu prabhAcandra vikalpAtmaka jJAna ko nizcayAtmaka mAnate haiM aspaSTAtmaka nahIM / isalie aspaSTa AkAra ke artha meM bhI ve kalpanA zabda ke prayoga kA pratIkAra karate haiM / vidyAnanda ne aspaSTa pratIti ke artha meM kalpanA zabda kA prayoga svIkAra kara bauddhoM kI bhA~ti jaina pratyakSa meM bhI vaisI kalpanApoDhatA pratipAdita kI hai|317 bauddha dArzanika vikalpa ko arthasannidhi se nirapekSa mAnate haiM / 318 unakA kathana hai ki vikalpa yA kalpanA artha se utpanna nahIM hotI ,kyoMki usake lie artha kI sannidhi apekSita nahIM hai / prathAcandra ke anusAra jaina darzana meM abhISTa savikalpaka pratyakSa arthasannidhi se nirapekSa nahIM hotA hai / purovartI artha ke hone para hI pratyakSa kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai| prabhAcandra yahAM para indriyajanya pratyakSa kA avalambana lekara hI arthasannidhi kI bAta kaha rahe haiM, anyathA atIndriyapratyakSa dvArA dUrastha, bhUta evaM bhAvI arthoM kA hI jJAna jaina darzana meM saMbhava mAnA gayA hai| indriyapratyakSa avazya purovartI artha kA hI jJAna karAtA hai jo nizcayAtmaka hone se prabhAcandra kI dRSTi meM vikalpAtmaka hai / isalie prabhAcandra mAnate haiM ki artha kI sannidhi meM utpanna vikalpAtmaka pratyakSa ko apratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa|319 indriyoM se anutpanna jJAna yadi kalpanA hai to yaha mantavya bhI ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki vikalpAtmaka pratyakSa indriyajanya hotA hai / vikalpAtmaka jJAna kA indriya ke sAtha anvaya vyatireka kA sambandha hai| nirvikalpaka jJAna kI pratIti indriya se utpanna hotI huI nahIM dekhI jAtI hai| nirvikalpaka jJAna dvArA artha kA sAkSAtkAra bhI nahIM hotA hai,vaha to vandhyA putra ke samAna svarUpataH aprasiddha hai| isalie savikalpaka pratyakSa meM anakSaprabhavatA kA doSa nahIM diyA jA sktaa|320 prabhAcandra ne yahAM para bhI indriya se utpanna purovartI artha ke pratyakSa ko hI AdhAra banA kara anakSaprabhavatA rUpa kalpanA kA khaNDana kiyA hai / prabhAcandra ne dharmAntara ke Aropa ko bhI kalpanA kA lakSaNa nahIM mAnA hai / yadi kalpanAtmaka jJAna meM nirvikalpaka ke dharmAntara kA Aropa hotA hai to vaha dharma kaunasA hai ? yadi vizadatA rUpa dharmAntara kA Aropa hotA hai to vizadatA kA Aropa savikalpaka jJAna meM honA usI prakAra asat hai jisa prakAra vandhyA-putra ke sambandhI kA honA / nirvikalpaka jJAna meM vaizadyadharma aprasiddha hai / vaizadya kI pratIti to savikalpaka jJAna meM hI hotI hai, isalie dharmAntara ke Aropa ko kalpanA mAnakara bhI vikalpAtmaka 317. draSTavya, vidyAnandakRta bauddha pratyakSa khaNDana, yahI adhyAya, pR. 249 318. dharmottarane arthasannidhi kI nirapekSatA ko vikalpakA kAraNa kahA hai, yathA-kutaH punaretad vikalpo'rthAnnotpadyate iti, arthsnnidhinirpeksstvaat|-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.5 pR046 319. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 320. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha

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182 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratyakSa kA pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|321 isa prakAra prabhAcandra ne indriyajanya savikalpaka pratyakSa ko bauddhoM ke dvArA pratipAdita kalpanA ke doSa se bacAkara nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko hI dUSita batalAyA hai| prabhAcandra ne kalpanA ko nizcayAtmaka tathA jAti Adi kA ullekha karane ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai jisase savikalpaka pratyakSa kA prAmANya hI adhika puSTa huA hai| prabhAcandra anizcayAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM ,isalie ve kahate haiM ki yadi kalpanA kA artha nizcaya hai to yaha satya hai kyoMki pramANa kA anizcayAtmaka honA ucita nahIM hai| nirvikalpaka jJAna sva evaM para kA nizcAyaka nahIM hotA isalie vaha pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pratyakSa sva evaM artha kA vyavasAyaka hotA hai,pramANa hone se,anumAna ke samAna / jisakA svayaM kA svarUpa nizcita nahIM hotA evaM jo artha kA nizcAyaka bhI nahIM hotA vaha pramANa nahIM ho sakatA,yathA anya puruSa kA jJAna evaM saMzayAdi jJAna / anya puruSa kA jJAna apane lie anizcAyaka (anupayogI) hai tathA saMzayAdi jJAna para kA anizcAyaka hone se apramANa hai| vastutaH sva evaM artha kI avyavasAyakatA ko chor3akara puruSAntara evaM saMzayAdi ke jJAna ke aprAmANya meM koI kAraNa nahIM hai| pramANa,saMzayAdi kA vyavaccheda karake nizcaya artha ke svarUpa kA avadhAraNa karatA hai / pramANa kA yaha svarUpa pramANa' zabda kI nirukti se bhI jJAta hotA hai / jaisA ki prabhAcandra ne nyAyakumudacandra meM pratipAdita kiyA hai 'prakarSeNa saMzayAdivyakcchedalakSaNena mIyate paricchidyate yenA'rtha: tat pramANam'3222 arthAt 'prakarSa rUpa se saMzayAdi kA vyavaccheda karake jisake dvArA artha (padArtha) jAnA jAtA hai vaha pramANa hai|' pramANa kA yaha lakSaNa nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM saMbhava nahIM hai ataH usameM pramANa zabda kI pravRtti nahIM kI jA sakatI hai / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vyavahAra ke lie anupayogI hone se bhI pramANa nahIM hai / jo vyavahAra ke lie anupayogI hotA hai vaha pramANa nahIM hotA ,jaise ki calate hue vyakti ke lie tinakoM ke sparza hone kA jJAna / bauddhoM ke dvArA aisA hI nirvikalpaka pratyakSa pramANa parikalpita kiyA gayA hai| bauddhoM ne 'prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa222 ke anusAra vyavahAra ke AdhAra para pramANatA svIkAra kI hai, kintu nirvikalpaka jJAna to pravRtti Adi vyavahAra kA prasAdhaka nahIM hai,kyoMki vaha sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka nahIM hai| anadhyavasAyI (anizcAyaka) hone se nirvikalpaka kahIM bhI pravRtti Adi nahIM 321. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 322. hemacandra kRta pramANamImAMsA pR02 para bhI yaha vAkya hai| 323. pramANavArtika, 1.7

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pratyakSa pramANa karA sakatA / 324 329 nirvikalpaka pratyakSa atirikta vikalpa ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa pravartaka hotA hai ataH pramANa hai,325 aisI mAnyatA bhI zraddhAmAtra hai / kyoMki jisa nirvikalpaka ko apanA svarUpa hI jJAta nahIM hai vaha sannikarSa 326 ke sadRza hI hai| yadi nirvikalpaka ko bauddha pravartaka mAnate haiM to sannikarSa ko bhI pravartaka mAnanA hogA / bauddha kahate haiM ki nirvikalpaka pratyakSa cetana hotA hai evaM sannikarSa acetana hotA hai, kintu unameM aisA bheda pratIta nahIM hotA / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa bhI cetana rUpa meM aprasiddha hai / 327 'jo para nirapekSa evaM svarUpa kA upadarzaka ho vahI cetana kahA jAtA hai aura nirvikalpa pratyakSa svapna meM bhI paranirapekSa hokara svarUpa kA upadarzana nahIM karAtA ataH vaha cetana nahIM ho sakatA hai tathA sannikarSa se usameM koI vizeSatA nahIM mAnI jA sktii| sannikarSa se nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM koI vizeSatA tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba use vyavasAyAtmaka mAnA jAe 328 anyathA nirvyApAra hone ke kAraNa ananubhUyamAna svarUpa hone se ise sannikarSa se bhinna rUpa meM prasiddha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi bauddha kaheM ki 'mai dekhatA hUM' isa prakAra kA vikalpa hI pratyakSa kA vyApAra hai, ataH use nirvyApAra nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, 330 to unakA yaha kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki taba pratyakSa kI vyavasAyAtmakatA mAnanI hogii| bauddhoM ke dvArA 'vyApAra' pratyakSa se bhinna aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, usakA svabhAva hone ke kAraNa / yadi pratyakSa kA kArya hone se vyApAra ko usase bhinna mAnA jAtA hai to vaha nirvikalpa pratyakSa kA vyApAra kisa prakAra hai ? putra, pitA kA vyApAra nahIM hotA hai / yadi ho to bhI nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM vyavasAyasvabhAvatA mAne binA usase utpanna vikalpa meM vyavasAyakatA nahIM mAnI jA sktii| yadi vikalpa meM bodharUpa hone se vyavasAyakatA hai to bodha to nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM bhI hai ataH usako bhI vyavasAya svabhAva mAnanA caahie| bodharUpatA meM donoM ke samAna hone para bhI 'jisa nirvikalpa kA sAkSAt artha (svalakSaNa) meM grahaNa vyApAra hotA hai vaha nizcaya nahIM karatA, aura usa nirvikalpa ke vyApAra se utpanna vikalpa nizcaya karatA hai - aisA mAnanA 324. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 325. avikalpamapi jJAnaM vikalpotpattizaktimat / niHzeSavyavahArAGgaM taddvAreNa bhavatyataH // - tattvasaMgraha, 1306 326. nyAyadarzana dvArA mAnya pratyakSapramANa ke bhedoM meM eka indriyArtha sannikarSa bhI hai| sannikarSa ke prAmANya kA bauddha svayaM khaNDana karate haiN| 183 327. prabhAcandra kA yaha kathana upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra nirvikalpaka darzana ko bhI cetana kA guNa mAnA gayA hai ataH nirvikalpa pratyakSa ko cetana rUpa meM aprasiddha kahanA samucita nahIM hai| 328. tulanIya - adhigamo'pi vyavasAyAtmaiva, tadanutpatau sato'pi darzanasya sAdhanAntarApekSayA sannidhAnA' bhedAt suSuptacaitanyavat / - aSTazatI, aSTasahastrI, pR075 329. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 330. bauddha dArzanika pramANa ko savyApAra mAnate haiM, yathA savyApArapratItatvAt pramANaM phalameva sat / - pramANasamuccaya, 1.9

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA to ThIka isI prakAra hai jaise talavAra se koza meM tIkSNatA kA honA mAnanA / vilakSaNa sAmagrI se utpanna hone ke kAraNa yadi vyavasAyakatA mAnI jAtI hai to vaha to savikalpa nirvikalpa meM bheda siddha hone para siddha hogI / vikalpa ke binA avikalpaka kA svarUpa svapna meM bhI prasiddha nahIM hai / sva evaM artha kA vyavasAyAtmaka eka hI jJAna indriyAdi sAmagrI se utpanna anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| unameM svarUpa kA bheda tathA sAmagrI kA bheda kisI ko kabhI bhI pratibhAsita nahIM hotA / yadi hotA hai to buddhi evaM caitanya meM bheda mAnane vAle sAMkhya kA pratikSepa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi inake ekatva adhyavasAya kAraNa bheda kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai to yaha tarka to donoM sthAnoM para samAna hai / 331 184 isa prakAra prabhAcandra kalpanA kA artha nizcayAtmaka jJAna karate haiN| ve kisI bhI anizcayAtmaka jJAna ko arthakriyA meM pravartaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnate haiN| nirvikalpaka jJAna nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, ataH vaha vyavahAra kA aMga nahIM hotA hai| nizcayAtmaka jJAna nirvikalpaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / nizcayAtmaka rUpa meM jisa jJAna kI pratIti hotI hai vaha savikalpaka hI hotA hai / nirvikalpaka jJAna vikalpajJAna ko utpanna karake bhI vyavahAra kA aMga nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki nirvikalpaka jJAna dvArA vijAtIya vikalpajJAna kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai| nirvikalpaka jJAna svayaM nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, ataH vaha anya nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / jAti Adi kA ullekha kalpanA hai, isako svIkArane meM bhI prabhAcandra ko koI Apatti nahIM hai / prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki vizeSaNavizeSya bhUta jAtyAdi padArthoM ke sambandha meM ajJAna kA nAza karane vAle nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko vikalpAtmaka kahanA ucita hai / bauddha mantavya ke anusAra pratyakSa-pramANa jAtyAdi se viziSTa artha kA grAhaka nahIM hotA hai| usakA viSaya niraMza svalakSaNa paramANu hote haiM, jabaki jaina dArzanika mata meM sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka athavA vizeSaNavizeSyabhUtAtmaka artha kA hI pramANa ke dvArA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| jainadArzanika vizeSaNavizeSyabhUta artha kA pramANa meM pratibimba nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu yathAvasthita artha kA pramANa ko prakAzaka mAnate haiN| ataH yahAM jAtyAdi ullekha kA abhiprAya vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvayukta artha kA grahaNa karanA hai| isalie prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki 'sapheda gAya caratI hai' ityAdi jJAna jAtyAdiviziSTa hote haiN| inakI pratIti kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA ,332 sakatA / pratyakSa jAtyAdi viziSTa artha kA grAhaka hotA hai, yaha kahakara prabhAcandra ne bhI vidyAnanda ke samAna bauddha pratyakSa ke viSaya svalakSaNa kA nirAkaraNa kara diyA hai tathA jaina sammata sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka prameya 331. (1) draSTavya, pariziSTa kha (2) ekatva adhyavasAya viSayaka UhApoha vidyAnanda evaM abhayadevasUri kRta bauddha pratyakSanirasana meM kiyA jA cukA hai / prabhAcandra kRta khaNDana ke lie Age draSTavya / 332. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha

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pratyakSa-pramANa kA bhI saMketa kara diyAhai / 333 sArAMza yaha hai ki prabhAcandra indriya-janya pratyakSa-pramANa ko nizcayAtmaka jJAna mAnakara bhI use zabdayukta,aspaSTa AkAravAlA,arthasannidhi se nirapekSa,anakSaprabhava,evaM dharmAntara ke Aropa se yukta nahIM mAnate haiM / itanA hote hue bhI ve pratyakSa ko sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA jAtyAdi ke ullekha se yukta mAnate haiN| prabhAcandra pratipAdita karate haiM ki pratyakSapramANa anya pramANa kI apekSA kiye binA vastu ke tathAbhAva kA prakAzaka hotA hai ,kintu avikalpaka jJAna nIlAdi meM kSaNikatA kA jJAna karAne ke lie vikalpa (anumAna) kI apekSA karatA hai / ataHvastu vyavasthA meM paravyApAra kI apekSA rakhane ke kAraNa sannikarSa Adi ke samAna avikalpaka jJAna bhI apramANa hai / 334 ekatva adhyavasAya kA nirasana bauddha - vikalpa evaM nirvikalpa jJAna ke yugapat hone athavA zIghra hone se donoM meM ekatva kA adhyavasAya hotA hai jisase vikalpa meM vaizadya kI pratIti hotI hai,jabaki vastutaH nirvikalpaka jJAna vizada hotA hai|335 prabhAcandra- bauddhoM kA kathana ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki vikalpa ke atirikta nirvikalpa kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai ataH unameM ekatva kA adhyavasAya saMbhava nahIM hai| donoM ke bhinna-bhinna pratIta hone para hI maitra meM caitra kI bhAMti eka kA dUsare para Aropa kiyA jA sakatA hai| pratyakSa se vikalpa aspaSTa pratibhAsa vAlA evaM nirvikalpa spaSTa pratibhAsa vAlA pratIta nahIM hotA hai| phira bhI bauddha anubhUyamAna vaizadha ko chor3akara ananubhUyamAna nirvikalpa meM vizadatA kI kalpanA kyoM karate haiM? prabhAcandra ne ekatva adhyavasAya kA khaNDana karate hue aneka prazna uThAeM haiM / (1) dIrgha zaSkulI (bar3I pUDI) khAte samaya rUpAdi pAMca viSayoM kI sAtha utpatti hotI hai ataH unameM bhI abheda adhyavasAya honA caahie| yadi bhinna-bhinna indriyoM kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa unakA abheda adhyavasAya nahIM hotA hai to viSayabheda kI sthiti to inameM bhI hai / nirvikalpa kA viSaya svalakSaNa hai evaM vikalpa kA viSaya saMtAna hai / (2) yadi laghuvRtti arthAt zIghratApUrvaka hone ke kAraNa vikalpa evaM nirvikalpa meM abheda mAlUma par3atA hai to gadhe ke reMkane meM bhI abheda adhyavasAya kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| (3) yadi vikalpa evaM nirvikalpa ke sAdRzya ke kAraNa unake bheda kI prApti nahIM hotI hai to vaha sAdRzya kaisA hai ? viSaya kI abhedatA kA yA jJAnarUpatA kA? viSaya kI abhadetA kA to sAdRzya ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki vikalpa kA viSaya saMtAna evaM nirvikalpa kA viSaya svalakSaNa hai |ydi 333. draSTavya, vidyAnanda kRta bauddha-pratyakSa AlocanA , pR. 155 334. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 335. manasoryugapavRtteH savikalpAvikalpayoH / vimUDho laghuvRttervA tayorakyaM vyavasyati / / - pramANavArtika, 2.133

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jJAnarUpatA kA sAdRzya hai to nIla pItAdi jJAnoM kA bhI bheda rUpa se upalambha nahIM hogA / 336 (4) yadi abhibhava ke kAraNa donoM kI pRthak pratIti nahIM hotI hai to kisake dvArA kisakA abhibhava hotA hai ?337 186 prabhAcandra ne nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka jJAna ke ekatva adhyavasAya para Age vibhinna prakAra vicAra kiyA hai| nirvikalpa evaM savikalpa kA ekatva adhyavasAya kisa rUpa hotA hai ? (1) nirvikalpa evaM savikalpa kA eka hI viSaya hone rUpa (2) eka ke viSaya ko dUsare ke dvArA grahaNa karane rUpa athavA (3) eka kA dUsare viSaya para adhyAropa hone rUpa ? prabhAcandra ne ina tInoM prakAra ke ekatva adhyavasAya kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / 1 - nirvikalpa evaM savikalpaka jJAna kA viSaya eka nahIM hai| vikalpa kA viSaya sAmAnya evaM nirvikalpa kA viSaya vizeSa hai| dRzya evaM vikalpya viSaya kA ekatva adhyavasAya hone ke kAraNa bhI donoM kA viSaya eka kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki inake ekatva kA adhyavasAya saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi donoM kA grahaNa kiye binA ekatva kA adhyavasAya sambhava ho to atiprasaMga hogaa| yadi sAdRzya ke kAraNa eka viSaya kA anya para Aropa kiyA jAtA hai to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki vastu (dRzya) evaM avastu (vikalpya) kA nIla evaM kharaviSANa kI bhAMti sAdRzya nahIM ho sakatA, ataH savikalpa evaM nirvikalpaka jJAna kA viSaya eka nahIM hai / 2- vikalpa evaM nirvikalpa meM eka ke dvArA anya ke viSaya kA grahaNa kiyA jAnA bhI samAna kAlabhAvI evaM donoM ke svataMtra hone se yuktiyukta nahIM hai / 3- vikalpa yA nirvikalpa kA eka dUsare para adhyAropa bhI asambhava hai| yadi vikalpa para nirvikalpa kA adhyAropa kiyA jAya to vikalpa vyavahAra kA uccheda ho jAyegA aura nirvikalpa para vikalpa kA Aropa kiyA jAya to nirvikalpatA kA uccheda ho jAyegA / yadi vikalpa meM nirvikalpaka ke Aropa se vizadatA kA vyavahAra hotA hai to usI prakAra nirvikalpa . meM vikalpa kA adhyAropa karane se avizadatA kA vyavahAra kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA ? yadi nirvikalpa dvArA vikalpa kA abhibhava karane se vizadatA rahatI hai to yaha to vikalpa dvArA nirvikalpa kA abhibhava karane para bhI mAnI jA sakatI hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki nirvikalpa se vikalpa kA abhibhava huA, to vaha abhibhava kisa prakAra hogA ? (ka) sahabhAva ke kAraNa, (kha) abhinna viSaya hone se, athavA (ga) abhinna sAmagrI se janya hone ke kAraNa ? 336. draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1 pR0 87-89 337. isa tarka kA abhayadevasUri kRta bauddha- pratyakSa khaNDana meM nirUpaNa kiyA jA cukA hai / draSTavya, pR. 171 prabhAcandra kRta khaNDana ke lie draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1 pR0 89-91

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pratyakSa-pramANa 187 ka- donoM kA sahabhAva mAnA jAya to gAya ko dekhane ke samaya sahabhAva ke kAraNa azva ke vikalpa kA spaSTa pratibhAsa honA caahie| kha- zabda svalakSaNa kA zrotrendriya se pratyakSa karate hue kSaNikatva ke anumAna kA bhI spaSTa pratibhAsa honA cAhie,kyoMki inakA viSaya bhinna nahIM hai| ga- yadi bauddha kahate haiM ki zrotrendriya ke pratyakSa dvArA kSaNikatva ke anumAna kA abhibhava nahIM hotA, kyoMki donoM bhinna-bhitra sAmagrI se janya haiM,eka svalakSaNa janya hai tathA dUsarA sAmAnya lakSaNa janya hai| yadi abhinna sAmagrIjanya mAnane lageM to samasta vikalpoM kA vizada avabhAsa hone lagegA, aura abhinna sAmagrIjanya svasaMvedana pratyakSa se unakA abhibhava ho jAegA yadi vikalpa evaM svasaMvedana kI sAmagrI eka nahIM hai ,kyoMki vikalpa vAsanAjanya hai evaM svasaMvedana (nirvikalpa) saMvedanamAtrajanya hai to yaha upayukta nahIM hai ,kyoMki phira to nIlAdi vikalpa kA bhI pratyakSa se abhibhava nahIM ho sakegA, kyoM ki bhinna sAmagrI to vahAM para bhI hai|338 vidyAnanda evaM abhayadevasari dvArA carcita prazna para prabhAcandra ne bhI vicAra kara pratipAdita kiyA hai ki savikalpa evaM nirvikalpa kI ekatA kA adhyavasAya na nirvikalpaka jJAna kara sakatA hai ,na savikalpaka aura na hI jJAnAntara,kyoMki nirvikalpa jJAna adhyavasAya dharma se rahita hotA hai, tathA savikalpa jJAna nirvikalpa jJAna ko viSaya nahIM karatA hai / yadi vikalpa kA viSaya nirvikalpa jJAna mAnA jAtA hai to 'vikalpo'vastunirbhAsaH' Adi bauddha vaktavya se virodha paidA hotA hai / jJAnAntara se bhI donoM ke ekatva kA adhyavasAya nahIM ho sakatA ,kyoMki jJAnAntara bhI yA to nirvikalpaka hogA yA savikalpaka / ataH usameM bhI pUrvavat ekatva adhyavasAyaka sAmarthya nahIM hai / ekatva adhyavasAya ke abhAva meM nirvikalpa kI vizadatA kA savikalpa jJAna para Aropa phalita nahIM hotA hai / 339 prabhAcandra ne vikalpajJAna ko nizcayAtmaka mAnA hai tathA nizcayAtmakatA ke sAtha pramANatA kI vyApti aMgIkAra kI hai / samasta cintAoM ke saMhAra kI avasthA meM nirvikalpaka jJAna ke prAmANya kA anya jaina dArzanikoM ke samAna unhoMne bhI pratIkAra kiyA hai tathA sthirasthUlAdi svabhAva vAle artha kA pratyakSa mAnA hai / bauddhoM kA yaha mantavya ki nirvikalpaka jJAna savikalpaka jJAna ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa pramANa hotA hai, bhI prabhAcandra ke anusAra ucita nahIM hai ,kyoMki nirvikalpajJAna to saMzayAdi vikalpoM ko bhI utpanna karatA hai |atH vaha pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / saMzayAdi vikalpoM kA utpAdaka jJAna bauddha mata meM bhI yadi apramANa hai tathA svalakSaNa kA adhyavasAyaka jJAna pramANa hai to yaha maMtavya bhI ucita nahIM hai ,kyoMki vikalpa kA Alambana svalakSaNa nahIM hai,ataHvaha svalakSaNa kA adhyavasAya 338. draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 91-94 339. draSTavya, nyAyakumudacandra , bhAga-1 pR0 94-95 evaM vidyAnanda va abhayadeva kRta pratyakSa AlocanA, pR. 156 evaM pR. 170

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188 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA nahIM kara sktaa|340 prabhAcandra ne vidyAnanda evaM abhayadevasUri ke samAna vikalpa kA zabda saMzrita honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA hai tathA bauddha sammata zabdAzrita vikalpa kA khaNDana kiyA hai / prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki samasta vikalpoM kA svarUpa unakA zabdAzrita honA nahIM hai, apitu ve samAropa ke virodhI hote haiM / 341 nirvikalpaka jJAna se vikalpajJAna kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM- bauddha mantavyAnusAra nirvikalpaka jJAna vikalpajJAna ko utpanna karake vyavahAra kA aMga banatA hai / jaina dArzanika vidyAnanda evaM abhayadeva ke samAna prabhAcandra ne bhI isa maMtavya kA nirasana kiyA hai| prabhAcandra kahatehaiM ki vikalpa ko utpanna karane kA sAmarthya honA evaM avikalpaka honA paraspara virodhI hai| yadi vikalpa kI vAsanA se yukta nirvikalpa pratyakSa vikalpa ko utpanna karane meM samartha hotA hai to phira artha ko hI vikalpa utpanna karane vAlA kyoM nahIM mAna liyA jAtA hai ? vyartha hI nirvikalpaka ko mAnane se kyA lAbha? yadi artha ajJAta hai ataH vaha vikalpotpAdaka nahIM ho sakatA hai to nirvikalpa jJAna bhI anizcayAtmaka hai vaha bhI vikalpa ko utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| ubhayatra sthiti samAna hai / yadi nirvikalpa kA anubhava hone mAtra se vaha vikalpotpAdana meM samartha hai to kSaNakSayAdi kA bhI anubhava hone se ve bhI vikalpotpAdana meM samartha hoNgeN| yadi bauddha yaha kaheM ki jisa padArtha meM darzana vikalpa vAsanA kA prabodhaka hotA hai vahAM hI vaha vikalpa kI utpatti karatA hai to yaha bhI asAmprata hai,kyoMki nIlAdi meM anubhava mAtra jisa prakAra vikalpa vAsanA kA prabodhaka hotA hai usI prakAra kSaNakSayAdi meM bhI vaha vikalpa vAsanA kA prabodhaka honA caahie|342 yadi kSaNakSayAdi meM abhyAsa, prakaraNa,buddhipATava evaM arthitva kA abhAva hotA hai isalie kSaNikAdi kA anubhava vikalpavAsanA kA prabodhaka nahIM hotA hai to yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki ina cAroM kA kSaNakSayAdi meM sadbhAva hai| prabhAcandra abhyAsa,prakaraNa,Adi ko kSaNakSayAdi meM siddha karate haiM, yathAabhyAsa- bhUyodarzana abhyAsa hai,yA bahuta bAravikalpa utpanna karanA abhyAsa hai ? bhUyodarzana abhyAsa hai to vaha nIlAdi ke samAna kSaNikatA meM samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai / yadi bahuta bAra vikalpa utpanna AR 340. na cAtrAvasthAyAM nAmasaMkrayatayA'nanubhUyamAnAnAmapi vikalpAnAM saMbhavaH atiprasaMgAdityuktimAtram / - saMhRtasakala vikalpAvasthAyAM sthirasthUlAdisvabhAvArthasAkSAtkAriNo-nizcayahetutvAt tasya prAmANyamityayuktama, saMzayAdikikalpajanakasyApi prAmANyaprasaMgAta nahi nIlAdivikalpo'pi svlkssnnaadhyvsaayii.| tadanAlambanasya tadadhyavasAyitvavirodhAt |-prmeykmlmaartnndd, bhAga-1 pR096-98 341.na cAzeSavikalpAnAM nAmasaMkrayateva svarUpam,samAropavirodhi-grahaNalakSaNatvAt teSAm / - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR097 342. draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR098-100

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pratyakSa-pramANa karanA abhyAsa hai, to usakA kSaNakSayAdi meM abhAva nahIM hai| yadi vikalpavAsanA kA prabodhaka nahIM hone se kSaNakSayAdi meM abhyAsa nahIM hai to anyonyAzraya doSa upasthita hotA hai / prakaraNa - kSaNika evaM akSaNika kA vicAra karate samaya kSaNika prakaraNa hai hI / pATava- darzana (nirvikalpa)kA nIlAdi meM vikalpa utpanna karanA pATava hai, athavA adhika spaSTa (sphuTatara) anubhava kA honA pATava hai yA avidyA rUpa vAsanA ke nAza hone se AtmalAbha honA pATava hai ? prathama pakSa mAnane para to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai, kyoMki pATava hone para darzana nIlAdi meM vikalpa kA utpAdaka hotA hai aura nIlAdi meM vikalpa kA utpAdaka hone para darzana meM pATava hotA hai / dvitIya pakSa meM jo sphuTatA nIlAdi ke anubhava meM hai vaha kSaNakSayAdi ke anubhava meM bhI hai, ataH pATava usameM bhI honA caahie| tRtIya pakSa meM avidyAvAsanA ke nAza hone para Atma-lAbha ko pATava kaheM to vaha bhI ayukta hai, kyoMki bauddhoM ne tuccha svabhAva ke abhAva ko usameM aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yogI jana ke nirvikalpa pratyakSa meM bhI pATava rahatA hai to usase vikalpa kI utpatti kA prasaMga AtA hai, jisase yogiyoM ke sambandha meM bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita siddhAnta - 'yogiyoM kA jJAna kalpanA jAla se rahita hotA hai' 343 se bhI virodha utpanna hotA hai / arthitva - abhilaSita honA arthitva hai athavA jijJAsita honA ? abhilaSita hone ko arthitva kaheM to yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki kahIM anabhilaSita vastu meM bhI vikalpavAsanA kA prabodha dekhA jAtA hai evaM aisA mAnane para cakrakadoSa kA bhI prasaMga AtA hai; yathA vastu kA nizcaya hone para usakI abhilASA hogI, abhilaSita (arthitva) hone para vikalpa vAsanA kA prabodha hogA, vikalpa vAsanA kA prabodha hone para vikalpa utpanna hogA evaM vikalpa utpanna hone para abhilASa hogA, punaH abhilASa hone para vikalpa vAsanA kA prabodha hogA isa prakAra cakra ke calane se cakraka doSa utpanna hogA / 189 yadi jijJAsA honA arthitva hai, to vaha nIlAdi darzana ke samAna kSaNakSayAdi meM bhI samAna rUpa se vidyamAna hai ataH usake darzana ko hI vikalpotpAdaka kyoM nahIM mAna liyA jAtA hai ? 344 bauddha - abhyAsAdi kI sApekSatA evaM nirapekSatA se vikalpa utpanna nahIM hotA hai / vaha zabda evaM artha kI vikalpavAsanA se utpanna hotA hai| vaha vikalpavAsanA bhI apanI pUrva vAsanA se utpanna hotI hai / isa prakAra vikalpa-santAna ke anAdi hone se vaha pratyakSa saMtAna se pRthak hotA hai| isa prakAra vijAtIya darzana se vijAtIya vikalpa kI utpatti hameM bhI aniSTa hai| prabhAcandra - yaha kathana asaMgata hai, kyoMki yadi darzana (nirvikalpa) vikalpa ko utpanna nahIM karegA to "yatraiva janayedenAM tatraivAsya pramANatA" arthAt jahAM darzana savikalpa buddhi ko utpanna karatA hai vahAM hI 343. vidhUtakalpanAjAla - pramANavArtika, 1.1 evaM 2.281 344. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 100 102

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190 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vaha pramANa hai ,isa kathana se virodha utpanna hogaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai vikalpa ke vAsanA vizeSa se paidA hone para pratyakSa ke rUpAdiviSayoM kA pratiniyama nahIM ho sakatA / yadi hotA hai to manorAjyAdi vikalpa se bhI pratyakSa ke viSaya kA pratiniyama hone lagegA / yadi pratyakSa ke sahakArI vAsanAvizeSa se utpanna rUpAdi vikalpa se unakA (rUpAdi kA) niyamana hotA hai to svalakSaNa viSaya kA bhI usI se niyamana honA caahie|345 vikalpAtmaka jJAnahIpramANa-prabhAcandra anta meM vikalpAtmaka jJAna ko hI pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiM tathA usako pramANa svIkAra karane ke lie aneka hetu prastuta karate haiM,yathA - vikalpa pramANa hai - (1) saMvAdaka hone se (2) artha ke jJAna meM sAdhakatama hone se,(3) anizcita artha kA nizcAyaka hone se evaM (4) anumAna kI bhAMti pratipattA (pramAtA) ke dvArA apekSaNIya hone se / nirvikalpaka jJAna pramANa nahIM hai,kyoMki vaha bhI sannikarSa ke samAna (1) saMvAdaka nahIM hai (2) artha ke jJAna meM sAdhakatama nahIM hai (3) anizcita artha kA nizcAyaka nahIM hai tathA (4) vaha pramAtA dvArA apekSaNIya nahIM hai / 346 prabhAcandra vikalpa ko pramANa na mAnane ke pakSa meM bauddhoM kI ora se dasa koTiyAM prastuta karate haiM ,yathA vikalpa apramANa hai ,kyoMki vaha (1) spaSTa AkAra se rahita hotA hai (2) gRhItagrAhI hotA hai (3) asat meM pravartaka hotA hai (4) hita kI prApti evaM ahita ke parihAra meM samartha nahIM hotA hai (5) kadAcit visaMvAdI hotA hai (6) samAropa kA niSedhaka nahIM hotA (7) vyavahAra meM anupayogI hotA hai (8) svalakSaNa ko viSaya nahIM karatA (9) zabda saMsarga ke yogya pratibhAsavAlA hotA hai (10) zabda mAtra se janya hotA hai| prabhAcandra ne ina binduoM kA kramazaH khaNDana kara vikalpa kA prAmANya siddha kiyA hai| 1. spaSTa AkAra se rahita hone ke kAraNa vikalpa apramANa nahIM hai.kyoMki use apramANa mAnane para to kAca,abhraka Adi se vyavahita padArthoM evaM dUravartI vRkSAdi ke pratyakSa (yogipratyakSa) ko bhI apramANa mAnanA pdd'egaa| yadi ajJAta vastu kA prakAzaka evaM saMvAdaka hone se kAca ,abhraka Adi se vyavahita artha evaM dUrasthita vRkSAdi kA pratyakSa bhI pramANa hai,to isa pratyakSa evaM anumAna pramANa ke atirikta anya savikalpaka pramANa mAnanA par3egA,kyoMki yaha aspaSTa hone se bauddhoM ke anusAra pratyakSa to hai nahIM, evaM aliMgajatva hone se anumAna bhI nahIM hai, ataH pramANAntara kI kalpanA kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| 345. draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 103-104 346. tato vikalpaH pramANaM saMvAdakatvAt , arthaparicchitto sAdhakatamatvAta anizcitArtha-nizcAyakatvAta, pratipatrapekSaNIyatvAcca anumAnavata, na tu nirvikalpakaM tdvipriittvaatstrikrssaadivt| prameyakamalamArtaNDa,bhAga1pR0103-105

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pratyakSa-pramANa 191 2. gRhItagrAhI hone se bhI vikalpa apramANa nahIM hai anyathA ,anumAna bhI apramANa ho jAyegA,kyoMki anumAna ke grAhaka vyAptijJAna evaM yogipratyakSa bhI gRhItagrAhI hote haiM / isa prakAra kSaNakSaya ke anumAna kA prAmANya bhI nahIM ho sakegA,kyoMki pratyakSa dvArA gRhIta zabda,rUpa Adi kA hI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| bauddha kahate haiM ki dharmI ke svarUpa ko grahaNa karane vAle pratyakSa dvArA zabda kA grahaNa hone para bhI kSaNakSaya (kSaNikatva) kA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki aisA mAnane para to eka hI zabda-dharmI meM do viruddha dharmoM kA adhyAsa ho jAyegA - zabda kA grAhya honA evaM kSaNikatA kA agrahaNa honA jo upayukta nahIM hai| 3. asat meM pravartaka hone se bhI vikalpa ko apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki atIta evaM anAgata kAla meM vikalpoM ke asat hone para bhI svakAla meM to ve sat hote hI haiM / phira bhI yadi vikalpa apramANa mAnA jAya to nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke bhI aprAmANya kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai ,kyoMki vaha bhI pratyakSajJAna ke samaya nahIM rahatA hai| 4. hita kI prApti evaM ahita ke parihAra meM vikalpa asamartha hai ,isalie vaha apramANa hai ,aisA kathana bhI asaMgata hai,kyoMki vikalpa se hI iSTa artha kI pratipatti hotI hai,usameM pravRtti hotI hai evaM phira prApti hotI hai tathA aniSTa artha se nivRtti hotI hai,aisA dekhA jAtA hai / yadi vikalpa meM kabhI kabhI artha prApakatA kA abhAva hotA hai to vaha to nirvikalpaka meM bhI hotA hai ,kyoMki arthaprApti ke anicchuka vyakti ko nirvikalpaka pratyakSa artha-prApti ke lie pravRtta nahIM krtaa| 5. vikalpa kabhI kabhI visaMvAdI bhI hotA hai isalie use apramANa kahA jAya to bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM bhI kabhI kabhI visaMvAditA pAyI jAtI hai,yathA timirarogAdi se yukta netravAle puruSa ko arthAbhAva meM bhI artha dikhAI detA hai| yadi yaha pratyakSa visaMvAdI nahIM, prAnta hai ataH apramANa hai to hama jaina bhI prAnta vikalpa ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiN| 6. samAropa kA niSedhaka na hone se vikalpa ko apramANa kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai ,kyoMki vikalpa ke viSaya meM to nizcayAtmakatA ke kAraNa samAropa hotA hI nahIM hai| vaha to samAropa kA virodhI hai|347 7. 'vikalpa vyavahAra ke lie anupayogI hai aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ,kyoMki sAre vyavahAra vikalpamUlaka hI hote haiN| 8. vikalpa kA viSaya svalakSaNa nahIM hai, isalie bhI vikalpa ko apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki anumAna kA bhI viSaya svalakSaNa nahIM hai,tathApi bauddha use pramANa mAnate haiN| anumAna kA viSaya jisa 347. tanizcayAtmakaM samAropaviruddhatvAdanumAnavat |-priikssaamukh, 1.3

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192 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA prakAra sAmAnyalakSaNa hai, usI prakAra vikalpa kA bhI viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa hai| yadi anumAna sAmAnyalakSaNa kA grahaNa karatA hai evaM svalakSaNa ke rUpa meM usakA adhyavasAya karatA hai tathA dRzya evaM vikalpya artha kI ekatA batAkara pravRtti karAtA hai isalie pramANa hai,to vikalpa meM bhI yaha bAta samAna hai.ataH use bhI pramANa mAnanA caahie| 9. zabda saMsarga ke yogya padArtha kA pratibhAsa karAne se bhI vikalpa ko apramANa kahanA asamIcIna hai ,kyoMki anumAna meM bhI zabda saMsargatA hai / ataHuse bhI vikalpa ke samAna apramANa mAnanA pdd'egaa| 10. zabdajanya hone se bhI vikalpa ko apramANa kahanA ucita nahIM hai ,kyoMki phira to zabdapratyakSa ko bhI apramANa mAnanA hogaa| 'vikalpa jJAna grAhya artha ke binA zabdamAtra se utpanna hotA hai yaha kathana bhI samucita nahIM hai kyoMki artha ke hone para hI nIlAdi vikalpa dekhe jAte haiN| yadi koI vikalpa binA artha ke bhI utpanna hotA hai to nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM bhI aisA hotA hai / vahAM arthAbhAva hone para bhI dvicandra Adi kA jJAna dekhA jAtA hai| yadi dvicandra Adi kA pratyakSa prAnta hai to vikalpa bhI isI prakAra arthAbhAva meM utpanna hone para prAnta kahA jA sakatA hai / 348 bauddha dArzanika mAnate haiM ki vikalpa evaM zabda meM kAryakAraNa bhAva kA niyama hai |arthaat zabda kAraNa hai evaM vikalpa usakA kArya hai|349 prabhAcandra isakA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki bauddhamatAnusAra to kisI nIlAdi padArtha ko dekhate hue puruSa ko pUrvAnubhUta tatsadRza nIlAdi kI smRti na ho sakegI,tathA usa vastu ke nAma vizeSa kA smaraNa bhI na hone se usake sAtha vAcya-vAcaka sambandha na bana sakegA, phalataH usa vastu ko nIlAdi nAma na diyA jA sakegA aura usake abhAva meM usakA adhyavasAya na ho sakegA / pariNAmasvarUpa samasta jagat avikalpAtmaka ho jaayegaa|350 sArAMza yaha hai ki prabhAcandra ke mata meM jagat kA vyavahAra vikalpAtmaka jJAna se hI hotA hai, nirvikalpAtmaka jJAna se nahIM / vikalpAtmaka jJAna kA prayoga prabhAcandra ne akalaGka Adi ke samAna nizcayAtmaka jJAna ke artha meM kiyA hai / nirvikalpaka jJAna vikalpAtmaka jJAna ko utpanna karane meM bhI samartha nahIM hotA hai,kyoMki jo svayaM nizcayAtmaka nahIM hai vaha nizcayAtmaka vikalpajJAna ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / vidyAnanda va abhayadeva ke samAna nirvikalpa evaM savikalpaka kA ekatva adhyavasAya bhI prabhAcandra ko svIkRta nahIM hai / ekatva adhyavasAya ke mata kA prabhAcandra ne vividha prakAra se nirasana kara vikalpAtmaka jJAna ko hI anubhavasiddha evaM pravartaka pratipAdita kiyA hai / prabhAcandra ke anusAra vikalpAtmaka pratyakSa hI vizada,sphuTa,evaM spaSTAkAra hotA hai / saMzayAdi vikalpoM ko ve pramANa nahIM mAnate / jo avisaMvAdI evaM sva -para vyavasAyI vikalpAtmaka jJAna hotA hai use hI ve pramANa -koTi 348. (1) draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 106-109 (2) ina saba binduoM kA nirUpaNa vAdI devasUri ne bhI kiyA hai / draSTavya, syAdvAdaralAkara, pR0 87-88 349. vikalpayonayaH zabdAH vikalpAH zabdayonayaH / 350. draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0110

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pratyakSa-pramANa meM lete haiN| nirvikalpaka jJAna meM avisaMvAda siddha nahIM hai ,kyoMki usakA grAhya evaM prApya svalakSaNa viSaya bhinna hotA hai / vikalpAtmaka jJAna meM yaha doSa nahIM hai / prabhAcandra ne bhI vidyAnanda va abhayadevasUri kI bhAMti vikalpa meM zabda yojanA ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnA hai tathA samasta jaina dArzanikoM kI bhAMti vikalpoM kI saMhRta avasthA meM sthira evaM sthUla artha kA hI pratyakSa aMgIkAra kiyA hai| vAdidevasUri vAdidevasUri ne bhI bauddha pratyakSa-lakSaNa para paryApta vicAra kiyA hai ,kintu unake adhikAMza tarka pUrvavartI abhayadeva, prabhAcandra Adi dArzanikoM ke graMthoM para AdhArita haiM / prabhAcandra ke aneka takoM ko vAdidevasUri ne jyoM kA tyoM apanA liyA hai351 ,kintu vAdideva kA prastutIkaraNa adhika vyavasthita evaM vizada hai tathA unakI bhASA bhI adhika lalita aura prasanna haiM / yahAM vAdidevasUri ke ve tarka prastuta haiM,jo kucha navInatA evaM maulikatA lie hue haiN| pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM avyApti doSa-vAdidevasUri ne kalpanApoDha pratyakSalakSaNa meM avyApti doSa batalAyA hai,kyoMki isa lakSaNa meM anya dArzanikoM dvArA gRhIta savikalpaka pratyakSa kA pratyakSa rUpa meM samAveza nahIM ho pAtA / ve kahate haiM ki tathAgata ke atirikta anya dArzanika savikalpaka jJAna ko bhI pratyakSa mAnate haiM ,ataHpratyakSa zabda savikalpaka jJAna meM bhI prasiddha hai / savikalpaka jJAna kA nirAkaraNa karake bauddha bhI nirvikalpaka jJAna kI kalpanA nahIM kara sakate / isalie unake dvArA pratipAdita kalpanApoDha pratyakSalakSaNa avyAptidoSa yukta hai / 252 / 'aprAnta' pada nirarthaka-dharmakIrti ke pratyakSalakSaNa 'kalpanApoDhamabhrAntam' meM vidyamAna 'abhrAnta' pada ko bhIvAdideva ne nirarthaka siddha kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki samyagjJAna abhrAnta hotA hai ataHpratyakSalakSaNa meM abhrAnta pada ke punaH sanniveza kA koI aucitya nahIM hai / kalpanApoDha hone para bhI yadi calate hue vRkSAdi kA jJAna prAnta hotA hai ,isalie usake nirAkaraNArtha abhrAnta pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai to yaha to bauddhoM kA vAkprapaMcamAtra hai / calate hue vRkSAdi kA jJAna mithyAjJAna hai ataHvisaMvAdaka hai,aisA pratipAdita karake bhI bauddha paryAyAntara se aprAnta pada dvArA pratyakSa-lakSaNa meM usakA punaH sanniveza karake vAkvyaMsakatA prakaTa karate haiN|353 pratyakSa kI vyavasAyAtmakatA-vAdidevasUri ne pratyakSa kI vyavasAyAtmakatA yA nizcayAtmakatA ke do hetu prastuta kiye haiN| pahalA to yaha hai ki vaha saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya rUpa samAropa kA virodhI hotA hai isalie vaha vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai| dUsarA yaha ki vaha pramANa hotA hai isalie vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai / 354 351. tulanIya, syAdvAdaralAkara pR078-88 evaM prameyakamalamArtaNDa bhAga-1 pR087109 352. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha 353. draSTavya, pariziSTa-kha 354. tadvyavasAyasvabhAvaM samAropaparipaMthitvAt pramANatvAd vA |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 1.7

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vyavasAyAtmaka pratyakSa hI anubhava kA viSaya- bauddha dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki svasaMvedana pratyakSa kalpanA - zUnya hotA hai tathA vyavasAyAtmakatA kalpanAtmaka hotI hai / isalie pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka athavA kalpanAtmaka nahIM mAnanA caahie| pratyakSa to zabda vikala hotA hai evaM arthasAmarthya se utpanna hotA hai jabaki vyavasAyAtmakatA abhilAparUpa pratibhAsa ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai / svalakSaNa artha evaM zabda meM koI mela nahIM hai, ve donoM eka dUsare se pRthaka haiM isalie svalakSaNajanya pratyakSa jJAna abhilAparahita hone ke kAraNa nirvikalpaka hotA hai / vAdidevasUri ne isakA nirasana karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki "maiM nIla artha ko dekha rahA hU~" isa prakAra ullekhanIya vyavasAyAtmaka pratyakSa hI sabake dvArA sarvadA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| artha ke zabdavivikta hone ke kAraNa usakA pratyakSa kalpanAzUnya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki pratyakSa arthasAmarthya se utpanna nahIM hotA hai, anyathA artha ke acetana hone ke kAraNa usase utpanna pratyakSajJAna ko bhI acetana mAnanA hogA / 355 jainadarzana kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki pratyakSa jJAna artha se utpanna nahIM hotA, vaha to jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se AtmA meM prakaTa hotA hai I 194 zabdasaMsarga ke binA bhI vyavasAyAtmakatA- bauddha dArzanika kahate haiM ki svalakSaNa ko viSaya karane vAlA nirvikalpaka pratyakSa utpanna hone para bhI jaba taka vidhi evaM niSedha dvArA pazcAdbhAvI vikalpoM ko utpanna nahIM karatA taba taka "yaha nIla hai, pIta nahIM hai" isa prakAra idantayA yA anidantayA pratiniyata artha kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI / nirvikalpaka pratyakSa savikalpaka jJAna ko utpanna karake hI vyavahAra kA aMga banatA hai / pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa dvArA pratipattA pUrvakAla meM saMketarUpa meM gRhIta zabda sAmAnya kA smaraNa karatA hai aura vahI nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke vyavahAra kA vyavasthApaka hotA hai / vAdideva isakA nirasana karate hue pratipAdita karate haiM ki pratyakSa svataH hI vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai, zabda samparka kI apekSA se nhiiN| zabda-samparka kI apekSA rakhane para to varNa, pada Adi kA vyavasAya nahIM ho sakegA / usake vyavasAya ke lie anya zabda- samparka yA smaraNa kI apekSA hogI aura usa zabda ke lie kisI anya zabda ke smaraNa kI / phalataH anavasthAdoSa upasthita hogA / nAmAntara smaraNa ke binA hI varNapada kA vyavasAya svIkAra karane para vastu vyavasAya bhI vAcakanAma-smaraNa ke binA svataH hI svIkAra karanA cAhie / vAdideva ne yahAM vidyAnanda, abhayadevasUri Adi anya jainadArzanikoM kI bhAMti pratyakSa meM zabdayojanA kA honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA hai / vAdideva kahate haiM ki zabda samparka ke binA bhI jJAna vizada evaM vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai / zabdasamparka se hI vyavasAyAtmakatA ho, aisA nahIM hai / nikaTavartI nijAMzavyApI, kAlAntarasthAyI, pratikSaNa sthagita pariNAmI, alakSyamANa paramANu parimANI, anya vastuoM ke sadRza evaM visadRza AkAra vAle kumbhAdi padArthoM kA avabhAsana savikalpaka hI hotA hai / pratyakSa kI savikalpakatA mAnane ke pramukha kAraNa- pratyakSa ko savikalpaka mAnane ke vAdideva ne aura bhI do kAraNa nirdiSTa kiye haiM- (1) bauddhAbhimata nirvikalpaka pratyakSa- lakSaNa kA khaNDana karanA evaM 355. draSTavya, pariziSTa - kha

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pratyakSa pramANa (2) pratyakSa kI zabda samparka yA abhilApa saMsarga yogyatA dikhAnA / isakA tAtparya hai ki anya jaina dArzanikoM kI bhAMti vAdideva ko pratyakSa meM abhilApa - saMsarga- yogyatA iSTa hai tathA sAbhilApatA kA honA AvazyakarUpeNa abhISTa nahIM hai / 356 195 isa prakAra vAdidevasUri kRta bauddha- pratyakSa AlocanA meM kucha nayI bAteM uThI haiM yathA- kalpanApoDha pratyakSa - lakSaNa meM avyApti doSa, abhrAnta pada ke prayoga kI nirarthakatA Adi / 'abhrAnta' pada ko lekara jainadArzanikoM ne prAyaH khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai, kintu vAdideva ne isa para vicAra kara samyagjJAna meM usake AdAna ko nirarthaka batalAyA hai / vAdideva ke anusAra pratyakSa pramANa samAropa kA virodhI evaM vyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa savikalpaka hotA hai / pratyakSa jJAna meM zabdayojanA kA hona Avazyaka nahIM, tathApi vaha abhilApasaMsarga ke yogya hotA hai| sthira evaM sthUla artha ke avabhAsana kI savikalpakatA sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne pratipAdita kI hai, kintu vAdideva ne prameya artha ke lie kucha naye vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, yathA nijAMzavyApI, kAlAntarasthAyI, pratikSaNa sthagita pariNAmI Adi nirvikalpa evaM savikalpaka jJAna ke ekatva adhyavasAya, nirvikalpaka jJAna dvArA savikalpajJAna kI utpatti Adi kA nirasana vAdideva ne prabhAcandra kI bhAMti hI kiyA hai, tathA pratyakSa ko savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai / pratyakSa bhedoM kA nirasana yadyapi pratyakSa ke sAmAnyalakSaNa kalpanApoDhatA evaM abhrAntatA kA khaNDana hone ke sAtha hI bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA kalpita pratyakSa bhedoM indriya, mAnasa, svasaMvedana evaM yogipratyakSa kA bhI khaNDana ho gayA hai, jaisA ki prabhAcandrAcArya kahate haiM- "bauddhoM dvArA parikalpita pratyakSa-lakSaNa ke anupapanna hone se svasaMvedana, indriyAdi pratyakSa bhedoM kA varNana AkAza kusuma ke saurabha varNana ke samAna upekSaNIya hai" 357 tathApi yahAM para indriya pratyakSa meM zrotra ke aprApyakAritva, mAnasapratyakSa, svasaMvedana evaM yogapratyakSa kA jaina dArzanika mantavya ke sAtha kiJcit vizeSa parIkSaNa apekSita hai I zrotra ke aprApyakAritva kA khaNDana tvak, rasanA evaM ghrANa ko prApyakArI tathA cakSu evaM mana ko aprApyakArI mAnane ke sambandha meM jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzana ekamata haiM, kintu zrotra ke prApyakAritva evaM aprApyakAritva ko lekara matabheda hai / 358 bauddha dArzanika zrotra ko aprApyakArI mAnate haiM tathA jaina dArzanika use prApyakArI kahate haiM / . 356. draSTavya, pariziSTa kha 357. tato bhavatparikalpita pratyakSalakSaNasyAnupapatteH 'svasaMvedanendriya' ityAdinA tadbhedopavarNanamAkAza kuzezayasIrabhavyAvarNanaprakhyamityupekSate / - nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-1, pR0 51.17 358. (k) 1. puTThaM suNei saddaM rUvaM puNa pAsai apuDhaM tu / gaMdha rasaM ca phAsaM ca baddhaM puDhaM viyAgare / - nandIsUtra, 85 evaM draSTavya, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 204-212, 2. Avazyaka niryukti, gAthA5, 3. sarvArthasiddhi - 1.19 pR0 82 (kha) 1. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 95, 2. cakSuH zrotramanasAmaprAptArthaprakAzakatvam / nyAyakumudacandra pR0 83 evaM syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 333, 3. cakSuzrotramanasAmaprAptArthakAritvam / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 545 (ga) nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya evaM mImAMsA darzanoM meM pAMco indriyoM ko artha kA prApyakArI mAnA gayA hai / draSTavya, nyAyasUtra, 3.1.30, prazastapAdabhASya, nyAyakandalI, pR0 23, sAMkhyasUtra 1.87, zAvara bhASya sUtra 1.1.4

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196 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA bauddha dArzanikoM ke mata meM zrotra kA zabda se sannikarSa hue binA hI zabda kA jJAna ho jAtA hai jabaki jaina dArzanika zrotra se zabda kA sannikarSa honA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| yahAM para abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ke anusAra bauddha mantavya ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhakara khaNDana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pUrvapakSa-cakSu evaM mana kI bhAMti zrotra bhI aprApyakArI hai / zrotra ke dvArA asannikRSTa zabda kA grahaNa hotA hai| yadi zabda zrotra se sannikRSTa hokara gRhIta ho to zabda meM dUra,nikaTa Adi kA vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra cakSu kA artha se sannikarSa nahIM hone ke kAraNa dUra sthita pAdapAdi kA jJAna hotA hai usI prakAra zrotra ke dvArA asannikRSTa zabda meM dUra yA nikaTatA kA jJAna hotA hai / jisa prakAra tejasvitA ke kAraNa asannikRSTa rUpa kA cakSu meM abhighAta hotA hai usI prakAra asannikRSTa zabda kA usakI tIvratA ke kAraNa zrotra meM abhighAta hotA hai| uttarapakSa-abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne zrotra ke aprApyakAritva kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki zrotra ko aprApyakArI mAnane meM pratyakSa se bAdhA hai| karNazaSkulI meM praviSTa macchara Adi ke zabdoM kA jJAna,zrotra ke dvArA zabda kA sannikarSa hone para hI hotA hai| dUra, nikaTa Adi kA vyavahAra zrotra ke prApyakArI hone para bhI saMbhava hai / jisa prakAra ghrANa ke dvArA sannikRSTa gaMdha kA jJAna hone para bhI "padma kI gandha dUra se A rahI hai,mAlatI kI gaMdha nikaTa se A rahI hai" isa prakAra dUranikaTAdi kA vyavahAra saMbhava hai usI prakAra zabda kA sannikarSa se grahaNa karate hue bhI usameM dUra- nikaTa kA bodha hotA hai| zabda kA grahaNa sannikarSa pUrvaka hotA hai ,kyoMki nirvAta meM dUrastha puruSa ke dvArA zabda sunAI nahIM detA hai / tathA jo zabda nikaTastha manuSya ke dvArA sunAI detA hai vaha prativAta calane para use sunAI nahIM detA hai / isakA artha hai ki zabda sannikRSTa hokara hI zrotra ke dvArA sunAI detA hai| yadi zabda apane utpatti sthAna meM hI gRhIta hote haiM to dUrastha bherI Adi ke zabdoM kA grahaNa nahIM hokara macchara ke gunagunAne kA hI zabda sunAI denA cAhie thA,kintu bherI yA nagADoM kI AvAja se macchara kI AvAja daba jAtI hai / phalataH bherI yA nagADoM kI AvAja hI sunAI detI hai / jaina dArzanika cakSu ke aprApyakAritva kA samarthana evaM zrotra ke aprApyakAritva kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki sUrya kI kiraNe bhAsura rUpa se lauTakara cakSu se abhisaMbaddha hone ke kAraNa cakSu kI abhighAta hetu hotI haiM jabaki zrotra meM abhighAta kA koI hetu nahIM hai jo zabda se lauTakara zrotra se abhisaMbaddha ho / isalie zrotra ko prApyakArI mAnanA hI ucita hai / 359 mAnasa-pratyakSa kA khaNDana jaina darzana meM anindriya pratyakSa evaM manaHparyavajJAna kA nirUpaNa bauddha darzana ke mAnasa-pratyakSa se ekadama bhinna hai / bauddhadarzana meM nirUpita mAnasa-pratyakSa kA samanantara pratyaya indriya-pratyakSa hotA hai, 359. draSTavya, tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0545-46,nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-1 pR083-86 evaM syAdvAdaralAkara,pR0 333-38

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pratyakSa-pramANa tathA Alambanapratyaya indriyapratyakSa kA anantara viSaya / arthAt mAnasa-pratyakSa ke pUrva indriya pratyakSa kA honA Avazyaka hai| jaina darzana meM kalpita anindriyapratyakSa meM binA indriya-pratyakSa ke mana hI sIdhA samasta arthoM kA grahaNa kara sakatA hai| ise sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai / manaHparyavajJAna pAramArthika pratyakSa hai / jisameM indriya evaM mana donoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / kintu sIdhe AtmA ke dvArA dUsare ke mana kI paryAyoM athavA mana meM vicArita arthoM kA jJAna hotA hai / jaina dArzanika akalaGka evaM unake TIkAkAra vAdirAja dvArA kiye gaye bauddha mAnasa - pratyakSa kA khaNDana yahAM prastuta hai / prastuta khaNDana meM dharmakIrti ke sAtha bauddha dArzanika zAntabhadra ke mata kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| 1 bhaTTa akalaGka Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne mAnasa pratyakSa' ko bhI avyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa apramANa mAnA hai / akalaGka kahate haiM ki indriyapratyakSa ke anantara utpanna hone vAle evaM indriyapratyakSa ke anantara utpanna viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAle spaSTa jJAnAtmaka mAnasa- pratyakSa tathA indriyapratyakSa meM koI bheda dikhAI nahIM detA hai / 360 bauddha dArzanika zAntabhadra ne indriyapratyakSa evaM mAnasapratyakSa meM bheda pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki indriyapratyakSa savikalpaka jJAna ko santAna bheda ke kAraNa sIdhA utpanna nahIM karatA, mAnasa-pratyakSa ke dvArA vikalpa utpanna hotA hai, isalie mAnasapratyakSa indriya pratyakSa se bhinna hai / 361. akalaGka zAntabhadra ke mantavya kA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra savikalpaka jJAna se indriya pratyakSa santAnabheda ke kAraNa ekadama bhinna hai usI prakAra mAnasa pratyakSa bhI saMtAna bheda se bhinna hai, ataH mAnasa pratyakSa bhI vikalpajJAna ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / 362 yadi jitane indriya pratyakSa hote haiM, unake anantara utane hI mAnasa- pratyakSa hote haiM to unameM yaha pratisandhi nahIM ho sakegI ki "maiM vahIM hU~ jisane zaSkulI (pUr3I) kA sugandha lekara bhakSaNa kiyA hai" / 363 yadi eka hI mAnasapratyakSa rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza Adi samasta viSayoM ko grahaNa kara letA hai| to phira pAMca prakAra kI indriyoM kA pratipAdana anAvazyaka ho jaayegaa| 364, 'yadi pratyeka indriya-pratyakSa ke anantara krama se mAnasa-pratyakSa hotA hai to indriya- pratyakSoM ke sahotpatti kA bauddha mata khaNDita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki isa prakAra pratyeka indriyapratyakSa ke pazcAt mAnasa pratyakSa hogA, phira usakA vikalpa 360. akSajJAnAnujaM spaSTaM tadanantaragocaram / pratyakSaM mAnasaM cAha bhedastatra na lakSyate // nyAyavinizcaya, 157-58 197 361. (1) zAntabhadrastvAha- yadyapi pratyakSatastasya tasmAd bhedo na lakSyate, kAryato lakSyata eva / tato'nyadeva akSajJAnAt tat kAraNam, tadeva ca mAnasaM pratyakSam / - vAdirAja, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pR0 526 (2) draSTavya, siddhivinizcayaTIkA, bhAga-1, pR0 129 362. antareNedamakSAnubhUtaM cenna vikalpayet / santAnAntaravaccetaH samanantarameva kim // - nyAyavinizcaya, 158-59 363. zaSkulI bhakSaNAdau cettAvantyeva manAMsyapi / yAvantIndriyacetAMsi pratisandhirna yujyate // - nyAyavinizcaya, 159-60 364. athaikaM sarvaviSayamastu kiM vA'kSabuddhibhiH / - nyAyavinizcaya, 160

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198 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hogaa| tabhI anya indriyapratyakSa ho sakegA, ataH vibhinna indriyapratyakSoM evaM vikalpoM ke madhya mAnasa-pratyakSa vyavadhAna utpanna kregaa|365 ___indriya-pratyakSa ke dvArA hI nirNayAtmaka jJAna ho jAtA hai isalie indriya-pratyakSa evaM nirNayAtmaka vikalpa ke bIca mAnasa-pratyakSa ko aMgIkAra karane kI kalpanA vyartha hai / usakA pratyakSa evaM anumAna se virodha AtA hai|366 bauddha dArzanika zAntabhadra ne mAnasa-pratyakSa ko smRti meM kAraNa mAnA hai| akalaGka ne usakA khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki indriyapratyakSa evaM mAnasapratyakSa kA viSaya yadi abhinna hai to mAnasa-pratyakSa bhI indriya-pratyakSa kI bhAMti santAna bheda ke kAraNa smRti ko utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| yadi mAnasa-pratyakSa kA viSaya indriya-pratyakSa se bhinna hai to indriya-pratyakSa smRti kI bhAMti mAnasa-pratyakSa kA upAdAna yA samanantara kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / 367 mAnasa-pratyakSa ko kucha bauddha dArzanikoM ne svasaMvedana pratyakSa kA hI eka prakAra mAnA hai, ata: akalaGkakA kathana hai ki jaba vedanA Adi kA jJAna karane vAle svasaMvedana pratyakSa meM mAnasapratyakSa kA samAveza ho jAtA hai to mAnasa-pratyakSa ke nAma se eka bhinna pramANa mAnanA vRthA hai / 368 yadi Agamaprasiddha hone se hI mAnasapratyakSa ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai369 to upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki pramANa-zAstrIya graMthoM meM ina anAvazyaka bAtoM ko sthAna nahIM hai / 370 akalaGka ke vivaraNakAra vAdirAja bauddhoM kI ora se indriya-pratyakSa evaM mAnasa-pratyakSa meM bheda batalAte hue kahate haiM ki mAnasapratyakSa nizcaya rUpa hotA hai,tathA " yaha nIlA hai" "yaha pIlA hai" ityAdi ullekhayukta hotA hai, indriyajJAna nahIM / vAdirAja isakA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki indriyajJAna ko hI nizcayarUpa mAnanA ucita hai ,kyoMki indriyajJAna se mAnasajJAna meM koI bheda pratIta nahIM hotA hai| indriyajJAna meM jisa prakAra saMzayAdi hote haiM usI prakArave mAnasajJAna meM bhI hote haiM / yadi mAnasajJAna meM saMzayAdi na hoM to samAropa kA nivAraNa karane ke lie anumAna -pramANa kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhegii|371 mAnasapratyakSa kA khaNDana karate hue mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki yadi koI mAnasapratyakSa hai to 365. kramotpattau sahotpattivikalpo'yaM virudhyate / -nyAyavinizcaya, 161 366. adhyakSAdivirodhaH syAt teSAmanubhavAtmanaH / - nyAyavinizcaya, 161 367. pratyakSAnmAnasAite bahirnAkSadhiyaH smRtiH| sattvAntaravaccetat samanantaramasyakim / / - siddhivinizcaya, 2.5 368. vedAnAdivadiSTaM cetkathaM naatiprsjyte| -nyAyavinizcaya,162 369. dharmottara ne ise Agama prasiddha kahA hai / draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa,.104 370. lakSaNaM tu na kartavyaM prastAvAnupayogiSu / -nyAyavinizcaya, 163 371. nanvayameva tasya tasmAd bhedo yannizcayarUpatvam / nizcayarUpaM hi mAnasamavalokyate 'idaM nIla, idaM pItam' ityullekhatastasyopalambhAtna tathendriyajJAnasyeti |-tdvissye kathaM saMzayAdiHnizcayavirodhAditiceta? mAnasaviSaye'pi kathaM tadavizeSAt / na bhavatyeveti cet, kimidAnImanumAnena, saMzayAderanutpannasya vyavacchedAsambhavAt / - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga-1, pR0525

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pratyakSa pramANa locanavikala puruSa ko bhI dikhAI denA caahie| isa doSa kA parihAra karane ke lie dharmakIrti evaM dharmottara ne mAnasa - pratyakSa ke pUrva indriya- pratyakSa kA samanantara kAraNa ke rUpa meM honA Avazyaka pratipAdita kiyA / vAdirAja kahate haiM ki andhe ko indriya- pratyakSa nahIM hone para bhI svasaMvedana ke rUpa meM mAnasapratyakSa honA cAhie / 372 svasaMvedana - pratyakSa kA nirasana 374 bauddha dArzanikoM kI bhAMti jJAna kA svasaMvedana pratyakSa jaina dArzanikoM ko bhI abhISTa hai, kintu antara yaha hai ki bauddha dArzanika citta evaM caitta meM hone vAle samasta vikalpoM kA AtmasaMvedana mAnate haiM 373, jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra nirNayAtmaka jJAna kA svasaMvedana hI pramANa hotA hai 1 bauddha dArzanika rAgAdi citta vikalpoM kA grahaNa svasaMvedana pratyakSa se karate haiM tathA usa pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka mAnate hue pramANa svIkAra karate haiN| 375 isake viparIta jaina dArzanika jJAna ko sva prakAzaka rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue bhI usake nirNayAtmaka svarUpa ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM / 199 jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve jJAna evaM bAhyArtha donoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| ve bAhya artha kA jisa prakAra astitva svIkAra karate haiM, usI prakAra jJAna kA bhI astitva svIkAra karate haiM evaM jJAna ko bAhyArtha ko jAnane meM sakSama mAnane ke sAtha hI svayaM ko jAnane meM bhI samartha mAnate haiM / jJAna jisa prakAra bAhyAbhimukha hokara bAhya padArthoM ko jAnatA hai usI prakAra AtmAbhimukha hokara apane Apako bhI jAnatA hai| maiM yadi ghaTa ko jAnatA hUM to mujhe yaha bhI jJAna hai ki maiM apane jJAna se ghaTa ko jAnatA hU~ / isa prakAra jJAna bAhya artha kA nizcAyaka hone ke sAtha sAtha svanizcAyaka bhI hotA hai / 376 usakI svanizcAyakatA ko pramANa ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra karane meM jainadArzanikoM ko koI Apatti nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM jJAna ke pUrva hone vAlA darzana bhI svasaMvedI hotA haiM, kintu use nirvikalpaka evaM avyavasAyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa jainadArzanikoM ne pramANa nahIM mAnA hai / bauddha sammata svasaMvedana pratyakSa ke aprAmANya ko lekara jaina dArzanikoM ne aneka zaMkAeM khaDI kI haiN| bhaTTa akalaGkadeva yaha AzaMkA karate haiM ki samasta jJAnoM evaM caitasika vikalpoM kA svasaMvedana svIkAra karane para nidrA evaM mUrcchA Adi avasthAoM meM bhI svasaMvedana ko pratyakSa mAnanA hogA / nidrA evaM mUrcchA Adi avasthAoM meM yadi svasaMvedana nahIM hotA hai to catuH satya kI bhAvanAdi se virodha 372. nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pR0 530 373. sarvacittacaittAnAmAtmasaMvedanam / nyAyabindu, 1.10 374. nizcayAtmA svataH siddhayet / - laghIyastraya, 18 375. mAnasaM cArtharAgAdi svasaMvittirakalpikA / pramANasamuccaya (Dignaga, on perception) kA. 6 376. (1) svonmukhapratibhAsanaM svasyavyavasAyaH / arthasyeva tadunmukhatayA / ghaTamahamAtmanA vedhi :- - parIkSAmukha, 1.6-8 (2) svasya vyavasAyaH svAbhimukhyena prakAzanaM bAhyasyeva tadAbhimukhyena, karikalabhakamahamAtmanA jAnAmi / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 1.16

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200 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA utpanna hotA hai,kyoMki bauddhoM ne catuHsatya kI bhAvanAoM ko pratyeka avasthA meM svIkAra kiyA hai / 377 dUsarI AzaMkA akaladeva ne yaha uThAyI hai ki samasta citta evaM caittoM ke AtmasaMvedana ko pratyakSa mAna kara hita kI prApti evaM ahita kA parihAra karane meM pravRtta puruSoM ke lie nidrA evaM jAgRti avasthA meM koI bheda hI nahIM rahegA ,kyoMki taba AtmasaMvedana ke kAraNa nidrAvasthA meM bhI samyagjJAna pUrvaka puruSArthasiddhi hone lgegii|378 nidrAvasthA meM AtmasaMvedana ke atirikta sat kA lakSaNa nahIM hai, isalie usa avasthA meM AtmasaMvedana rahatA hI hai| vastutaH samasta jJAnoM ke svarUpa kA vyavasAyAtmaka svasaMvedana pratyakSa hI pramANa hotA hai / yadi svasaMvedanako nirvikalpaka svIkAra kiyA jAyegA to nirNayAtmaka jJAna kA bhI usake dvArA nirNayAtmaka jJAna ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM ho skegaa| usakA nizcaya karane ke lie kisI anya nirNayAtmaka jJAna ko svIkAra karanA hogA / phalata: anavasthA doSa A jAyegA aura arthakriyA meM pravRtti karanA rUpa vyavahAra siddha nahIM ho skegaa|379 yogipratyakSa - jainadArzanikoM kA yogipratyakSa se virodha nahIM hai ,kintu usakI nirvikalpakatA se virodha hai / nirvikalpaka-pratyakSa meM jainadArzanikoM ne jina doSoM kA udbhAvana kiyA hai ve samasta doSa yogipratyakSa meM bhI Ate haiN|380 __vAdirAja ne yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki yogI pratyakSa savikalpaka hotA hai / yogijJAna apanI sattA mAtra se vineya logoM ke lie pramANa nahIM hotA hai, apitu unako heya,upAdeya tattvoM kA jJAna dene se pramANa hotA hai / 381 isIlie dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki jJAnavAn puruSa ko usake dvArA kathita jJAna ko jAnane ke lie khojA jAtA hai / 282 vAdirAja yahAM para yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki yogipratyakSa vAle puruSa ko nirvikalpaka jJAna ke kAraNa nahIM khojA jAtA hai ,apitu unake savikalpaka zabdoM se abhivyakta vANI ko jAnane ke lie khojA jAtA hai / zabda savikalpaka hote haiM / ataH yogipratyakSa 377. adhyakSamAtmavitsarvajJAnAnAmabhidhIyate / svApacchAdyavastho'pi pratyakSI nAma kiM bhaveta? vicchedaM hi catuHsatyabhAvanAdivirudhyate ||-nyaayvinishcy,163-64 378. sarvacittacaittAnAmAtmasaMvedanaM pratyakSaM hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamarthamicchatAM svApaprabodhayoH ko vizeSaH saMbhAvyate yataH svApAdau samyagjJAnapUrvikA sarvapuruSArthasiddhirna bhvet| siddhivinizcaya, pR096.10-12 379.(1) sarvavijJAnAnAM svasaMvedanaM pratyakSamavikalpakaM yadi nizcayasyApi kasyacit svata evA'nizcayAt / nizcayAnta raparikalpanAyAmanavasthAnAt kutaH tatsaMvyavahArasiddhiH? -laghIyastrayavRtti, akalayaMdhatraya, pR06-7 (2) draSTavya, siddhivinizcaya TIkA bhAga-11096 380. prAyazo yogivijJAnametena prtivrnnitm|-nyaayvinishcyvivrnn,168 381. na ca tat svasattAmAtreNa vineyAnAM pramANam, apitu sopAyaheyopAdeyatattvopadezAt / - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pR0 533.25 382. jJAnavAn mRgyate kazcittaduktapratipattaye |-prmaannvaartik, 1.32

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pratyakSa-pramANa 201 ko savikalpaka mAnanA hI ucita hai / 383 ___ vAdidevasarine yogipratyakSa kI utpatti kA bauddha darzanAnusAra nirdeza kara usakA mithyAtvaghoSita kiyA hai / bhAvanAoM ke prakarSaparyanta avasthA meM yogijJAna utpanna hotA hai / vaha bhAvanA do prakAra kI hotI hai-zrutamayI evaM cintAmayI / kSaNikatva ,nairAtmyAdi ko viSaya karane vAle parArthAnumAna vAkyoM ko sunakara jo bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai vaha zrutamayI bhAvanA hotI hai tathA vaha svArthAnumAna lakSaNayukta cintAmayI bhAvanA ko utpanna karatI hai| vaha bar3hatI huI prakarSa paryantAvasthA ko prApta karake yogipratyakSa ko utpanna karatI hai / vAdidevasUri kahate haiM ki bauddhoM ke dvArA svIkRta ye donoM bhAvanAeM hI mithyArUpa haiM ataH unase paramArtha viSayaka yogipratyakSa utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| ye bhAvanAeM isalie mithyA haiM, kyoMki inameM kSaNikatva ,nairAtmya Adi atathAbhUta vastuoM kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / 384 sarvajJatA vicAra yogipratyakSa ke sandarbha meM jainadArzanika evaM bauddhadArzanikoM ke sarvajJatA viSayaka vicAroM kA adhyayana bhI prAsaMgika hai / jaisI ki pahale carcA kI jA cukI hai ki jainadarzana meM atIndriya athavA pAramArthika pratyakSa ke do bhedoM meM sakala pratyakSa bhI eka prakAra hai jo samasta ghAtIkamoM ke AvaraNa kA kSaya hone para kevalajJAna ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai / kevalajJAna se trikAlavartI nikhila dravyoM evaM paryAyoM kA jJAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM indriya evaM mana ke mAdhyama kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI,isalie yaha atIndriya bhI hotA hai / 385 ___ sUkSma, dUrasthita evaM antarita padArthoM kA pratyakSa jJAna karane ke lie samantabhadra ne kevalajJAna ko samartha mAnA hai tathA anumAna se usakI siddhi kI hai|386 jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai,jaba doSa evaM jJAnAvaraNa kA sampUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai to kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai ,jisake dvArA sampUrNa dravyoM kA unakI vibhinna paryAyoM ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / akalaGka ne bhI sarvajJatA kI siddhi kI hai| ve kahate haiM ki sarvajJa hai,kyoMki usakI siddhi meM bAdhaka pramANa kA nahIM honA sunizcita hai / 387 akalaGka yaha bhI pratipAdita karate haiM ki sarvajJatA ko svIkAra kiye binA atyanta aparokSa artha jyotiSa,nakSatra Adi kA avisaMvAda jJAna honA saMbhava nahIM hai / 288 jaina dArzanikoM dvArA sarvajJatA kI siddhi meM niratizaya jJAna kA bhI hetu diyA gayA hai / hemacandrAcArya 383. nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga-1 10533 384. kSaNikatvanairAtmyAdibhAvanAyAH zrutamayyAzcintAmayyAzca mithyArUpatvAt / na ca mithyAjJAnasya paramArthaviSayayogi jJAnajanakatvam / atiprasakteH / yathA ca na kSaNikatvanairAtmyAdikaM vastutastathAgre vakSyate / - syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 362 385. draSTavya, isI adhyAya ke jaina pratyakSa-pramANa vivecana meM kevalajJAna, pR. 137 386. sUkSmAntaritadUrAH pratyakSAH kasyacid ythaa| __anumeyatvato'gnyAdiritisarvajJasaMsthitiH ||-aaptmiimaaNsaa, 5 387. asti sarvajJaH sunizcitAsaMbhavabAdhakapramANA'bhAvAt sukhAdivat / - siddhivinizcaya, pR0537 388. dhIratyantaparokSe'yaM na cet puMsAM kutaH punH| jyotirjJAnAvisaMvAdaH zrutAcet sAdhanAntaram // - siddhivinizcaya, pR0 413

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202 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kahate haiM ki parimANa ke atizaya ke samAna prajJA ke tAratamya kI kahIM vizrAnti honI caahie| yaha vizrAnti athavA niratizaya prajJA kevalajJAna meM hotI hai / 289 isa prakAra jJAnAvaraNa ke sampUrNakSaya,bAdhakAbhAva,prajJA kI niratizayatA, atyanta aparokSa arthoM kA avisaMvAdI jJAna jainadarzana meM sarvajJatA kI siddhi karate haiN| bauddhadarzana ke pravartaka bhagavAna gautama buddha svayaM saMsAra ke zAzvata,azAzvata hone Adi aneka praznoM ke uttara avyAkRta chor3a dete haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha darzana meM buddha ko sarvajJa mAnane kI paramparA jainadarzana kI bhAMti balavatI nahIM rahI hai| dharmakIrti ne buddha kI sarvajJatA kI siddhi para bala nahIM diyA ,kintu prajJAkaragupta zAMtarakSita Adi ne sarvajJatA ko mahattva diyA hai / dharmakIrti ne buddha meM sarvajJatA kA pratiSedha to nahIM kiyA,kintu sarvajJatA ko mahattva nahIM dekara unakI dharmajJatA para bala diyA hai| dharmakIrti kahate haiM - "heya evaM upAdeya tattvoM ko sAbhyupAya jAnane vAlA puruSa hameM pramANa rUpa meM iSTa hai ,samasta arthoM ko jAnane vAlA nahIM / hameM to saMsAra-duHkha ke zamana karane vAle jJAna kA vicAra karanA caahie| una jJAnavAn puruSoM ko kIr3e makor3oM kI saMkhyA kA jJAna hai ki nahIM ,isase hameM kyA prayojana hai ? koI jJAnavAn puruSa dUravartI vastu ko dekhe yA nahIM dekhe ,kintu use AryasatyacatuSTaya rUpa iSTa tattva kA jJAna honA caahie| yadi dUradarzI puruSa pramANa hotA hai to Aie mumukSuoM ! hama dUradarzI giddhoM kI upAsanA kreN|"390 ___ isase spaSTa hotA hai ki dharmakIrti kI AsthA bhagavAn buddha ko jagat ke samasta padArthoM kA jJAtA mAnane meM nahIM, apitu duHkha se mukti ke upadeSTA-dharmajJa mAnane meM hai| dharmakIrti kA yaha mantavya jainadArzanikoM ke virodha meM jAtA hai,kyoMki jainadArzanika bhagavAn mahAvIra yA kevalajJAnI puruSoM ko jagat ke samasta arthoM kA jJAtA mAnate haiN| dharmakIrti ke anantara prajJAkaragupta , zAntarakSita Adi bauddha dArzanikoM ne bhI saMbhavataH anyamatAvalambiyoM se prabhAvita hokara buddha meM sarvajJatA kA sthApana kiyA hai / prajJAkaragupta kA kathana hai ki sAdhaka ke vItarAga hone para use samasta arthoM kA jJAna ho sakatA haiM / vItarAga puruSa samAdhiyukta hokara samasta arthoM kA nizcita jJAna kara letA hai / 391 zAntarakSita ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sarvajJa puruSa meM aisI zakti hotI hai ki vaha jisa vastu kA jJAna karane kI icchA karatA hai usa vastu kA use 389. prajJAtizayavizrAntyAdisiddhestatsiddhiH / - pramANamImAMsA , 1.1.16 390.heyopAdeyatatvasya sAmyapAyasya vedakaH / yaH pramANamasAviSTo na tu sarvasya vedakaH ||-prmaannvaartik, 1.34 tasmAdanuSTheyagataM jJAnamasya vicAryatAm / kITasaMkhyAparijJAnaM tasya naH kvopayujyate / / - pramANavArtika, 1.33 dUraM pazyatu vA mA vA tattvamiSTaM tu pazyatu / pramANaM dUradarzI cedeta gRdhrAnupAsmahe ||-prmaannvaartik, 1.35 391. tato'sya vItarAgatve sarvArthajJAnasaMbhavaH / samAhitasya sakalaM cakAsti vinizcitam |-prmaannvaartikbhaassy, pR0329

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pratyakSa-pramANa 203 jJAna ho jAtA hai / yaha zakti vItarAga puruSa meM jJeya padArthoM ke AvaraNa kA kSaya hone para prApta hotI hai|392 nAgasena ne bhI zAntarakSita ke jaisA hI mata prakaTa kiyA hai|3933 ___ isa prakAra bauddha evaM jaina dArzanika sarvajJatA ke sambandha meM ekamata nahIM haiM / bauddha dArzanikoM ne sarvajJatA ko uttarakAla meM mahattva diyA bhI ,kintu vItarAga puruSa meM saba padArthoM ko jAnane kI mAtra zakti batalAyI hai jisase vItarAga puruSa jisa artha ko jAnanA cAhe ,jAna sakatA hai, jabaki jainadArzanikoM ne sarvajJa ko sadaiva samasta arthoM kA jJAtA pratipAdita kiyA hai| yaha avazya hai ki prAcIna jainAgama AcArAGga sUtra meM sarvajJa ko trilokavartI jagat ke padArthoM kA jJAtA pratipAdita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / sarvajJatA ke pratipAdana meM AcArAGga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai - "jo egaM jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai"394 arthAt jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai evaM jo sabako jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai / paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne isakA artha dravyaparyAyAtmaka padArtha ko jAnane se liyA hai arthAt jo eka dravya ko utpAda,vyaya, dhrauvyAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka rUpa meM samAnabhAva se jAnatA hai vaha sarvajJa hotA hai / 395 bAhya padArthoM kI sarvajJatA ko paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / isa prakAra paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ke mata ko svIkAra karane para bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM pratipAdita sarvajJatA meM viSaya kI dRSTi se koI bheda nahIM raha jAtA hai / sarvajJatA kA prazna sadaiva vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai / jagat ke samasta bAhya padArthoM kI samasta paryAyoM ko hastAmalakavat jAnanA eka vItarAga yA muktiprApta arihanta ke lie niSprayojana lagatA hai / jinhoMne rAga-dveSa samApta kara AtmajJAna yA kevala jJAna prApta kiyA hai unheM bAhya padArthoM se bhoga karanA yA unheM niruddezya jAnate rahanA upayukta nahIM lagatA hai / yaha avazya hai ki ve bAhya padArthoM kI vinazvaratA yA utpAdavyayatA ko jAnate haiM tathA vItarAga hone ke pazcAt unheM kucha nayA jAnanA bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA hai / jAnanA zeSa na rahane ke artha meM vItarAga ko sarvajJa kahA jAya to adhika upayukta lagatA hai / 396 yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcArya kundakunda ne nizcayanaya se AtmajJAtA meM sarvajJatA svIkAra 392. yad yad icchati boddhaM vA tattad vetti niyogataH / , zaktirevaMvidhA hyasya prahINAvaraNo hyasau / -tattvasaGgraha, 3628 393. bhante nAgasena, buddho sabbajU sabbadassAvI ti? Ama, mahArAja, bhagavA sabbabhU sabbadassAvI ti / - milindapajhapAli, pR060 394. AcArAGga sUtra, 1.3.4 395.(1) paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI likhate haiM - 'jaina paramparA kA sarvajJatva saMbaMdhI dRSTikoNa mUla meM kevala itanA hI thA ki dravya aura paryAya ubhaya ko samAnabhAva se jAnanA hI jJAna kI pUrNatA hai|' darzana aura cintana, dvitIya khnndd| pR. 558 (2) sarvajJatA ko paM0 sakhalAla jI ne isa prakAra bhI prakaTa kiyA hai - 'jo eka mamatva, pramAda yA kaSAya ko jAnatA hai vaha usake krodhAdi sabhI AvirbhAvoM, paryAyoM yA prakAroM ko jAnatA hai aura jo krodha, mAna Adi saba AvirbhAvoM ko yA paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai vaha una saba paryAyoM ke mUla aura unameM anugata eka mamatva yA baMdhana ko jAnatA hai'-darzana aura cintana, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0558 396. isa sambandha meM zrI kanhaiyAlAla loDhA kA lekha 'sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA' bhI draSTavya hai / ve likhate haiM-jisane utpAda, vyaya, dhauvyarUpa tripadI ke tathya ko jAnaliyA, hRdayaMgama kara liyA, usane saba kucha jAna liyA arthAt use kucha bhI jAnanA zeSa nahIM rahatA hai| -jIta abhinandana graMtha, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0153

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204 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kI hai397 tathA bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne buddha kI dharmajJatA ko mahattva diyA hai| samIkSaNa pratyakSa kI nirvikalpakatA evaM savikalpakatA bhAratIya darzanoM meM vivAda kA viSaya rahI hai| nirvikalpakatA evaM savikalpakatA meM spaSTa bheda kA pratipAdana sarvaprathama bauddha dArzanika diGnAga ne kiyA / prazastapAda ne pratyakSa ke lie svarUpAlocana,avibhaktAlocana Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai ,kintu diinAga ke anantara nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka pratyakSa kI carcA pramANamImAMsA kA eka mahattvapUrNa viSaya bana gyii| jisane kumArila , vAcaspatimizra , gaMgeza Adi ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa|398 jainadArzanika bhI isa carcA meM sammilita hue , kintu unhoMne pratyakSa ko savikalpaka svIkAra kara nirvikalpakatA kA nirasana kiyA hai| _ jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kI gayI bauddha-pratyakSa kI AlocanA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadArzanikamata meM pratyakSa-pramANa savikalpakAtmaka, vyavasAyAtmaka evaM vizadAtmaka hotA hai tathA vahI saMvAdaka evaM arthakriyA meM pravartaka bhI hotA hai / jainoM ke anusArabauddha sammata nirvikalpaka pratyakSa meM vyavasAyAtmakatA nahIM hai , isalie vaha na saMvAdaka hai, na arthakriyA meM pravartaka aura na hI vizada |bauddhoN ne nirvikalpaka jJAna ko vidhi-niSedha rUpa vikalpAtmakajJAna kA janaka hone ke kAraNa vyavahAra kA aMga mAnA hai, kintu jainoM ke anusAra vyavasAyAtmakatA ke abhAva meM nirvikalpaka ke dvArA savikalpaka jJAna kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai,jisase nirvikalpajJAna vyavahAra meM pravartaka yA saMvAdaka siddha ho sake / jo bhI jJAna pratIta hotA hai vaha savikalpaka hI pratIta hotA hai,nirvikalpaka jJAna kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| isalie nirvikalpaka evaM savikalpaka jJAna ke ekatva adhyavasAya kA bhI jainadArzanikoM ne khaNDana kiyA hai / indriyapratyakSa hI nahIM svasaMvedana evaM yogipratyakSa bhI jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra savikalpaka evaM nizcayAtmaka hone para hI pramANa ho sakate haiM, anyathA nhiiN| bauddha dArzanikoM ke anusAra savikalpajJAna meM zabdayojanA nihita rahatI hai |islie vaha pratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pratyakSa to kalpanApoDha hotA hai / vaha artha ko artharUpa meM hI viSaya karatA hai, zabdasanniveza kA honA usameM ucita nahIM hai / artha zabdavivikta hotA hai isalie usakA pratyakSa bhI zabdayojanA rahita hotA hai| nAmayojanA athavA zabdayojanA kAlpanika hai,vAstavika nhiiN| diGnAga ne nAmayojanA ke atirikta jAti,guNa,kriyA evaM dravya kI yojanA ko bhI kalpanA kahakara pratyakSa pramANa meM usako nirAkRta kiyA hai / bauddhadarzana meM pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa hai,tathA vaha anabhidheya hai, isalie dharmakIrti ne abhilApa ke saMsargayogya pratibhAsapratIti ko bhI kalpanA kahakara usakI pratyakSa pramANa meM apoDhatA siddha kI hai| dharmottara ne arthasannidhi se nirapekSa aniyatAkAra pratibhAsa 397. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa,180 398. adhika vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya, dharmendranAtha zAstrI, Critique of Indian Realism, pp. 433-471 evaM nagIna je0 zAha, Akalanka's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy, p.23646

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pratyakSa-pramANa 205 ko abhilApasaMsargayogya pratipAdita kiyA hai tathA vikalpako artha se anutpanna kahakara usakA pratyakSa se vyAvartana kiyA hai / sAmAnyataH zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla abhilApavatI pratIti ko kalpanA kahate haiM,jo nyAya-vaizeSika,mImAMsAdi darzanoM ko bhI abhISTa hai |klpnaa kA yaha artha svIkAra karane meM jainadArzanika bhI sahamata haiM tathA ve bhI pratyakSa meM zabdayojanA ko anAvazyaka kahakara pratyakSa ko kathaJcit kalpanApoDha yA nirvikalpaka mAnate haiM / jainadArzanikoM ne bauddhoM kI ora se kalpanA kI anya koTiyoM, yathA-aspaSTAkAra pratIti, gRhItagrAhitA, adhyavasAyAtmakatA, asat meM pravartakatA, samAropa kI aniSedhatA, saMvyavahArAnupayogitA, svalakSaNAviSayakaptA, zabdajanyatA Adi ko bhI prastuta kara una para vicAra kiyA hai| jainadArzanika pramukharUpeNa nizcayAtmakatA,abhilApasaMsargayogyatA evaM jJAnAtmakatA ke kAraNa pratyakSa ko savikalpaka pratipAdita karate haiM / jaina dArzanikoM ne vikalpa kI mukhyataH do vizeSatAeM svIkAra kI haiM-nizcayAtmakatA evaM jAtyAdiviziSTa yA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha kI graahitaa| nizcayAtmakatA ke sAtha hI ve saMvAdadAtA,saMvyavahAra ke lie upayogitA Adi kA bhI grahaNa kara lete haiN| jaina graMthoM meM jJAna ko savikalpaka evaM darzana ko nirvikalpaka pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / 399 inameM jJAna ke pUrva darzana hotA hai / darzana ko jainadArzanika bauddhoM ke pratyakSa kI bhAMti nirvikalpaka, anabhidheya Adi mAnate haiM ,kintu usako ajJAnAtmaka,arthakriyA meM apravartaka evaM nizcayAtmaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnate hai / jainadArzanika mata meM koI bhI jJAna yA pramANa nirvikalpaka nahIM hotA hai / jainoM ne bauddha pratyakSa ko paramANusaMghAta,yA svalakSaNasamUha meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa bhI savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai / bauddha dArzanika diGnAga dharmakIrti Adi ne bhI svalakSaNasaMghAta se hI pratyakSa kI utpatti svIkAra kI hai| jaina dArzanika mallavAdI ne svalakSaNasamUha ko sAmAnya kaha kara pratyakSa ko savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai / mallavAdI kahate haiM ki pratyakSa nirUpaNAtmaka hai isalie savikalpaka hai, usase Alambanapratyaya rUpa svalakSaNa se viparIta sAmAnya nIlapItAdi paramANusaMghAta kA jJAna hotA hai, isalie bhI pratyakSa kalpanAtmaka hai |mllvaadii ne diGnAgIya pratyakSa kA khaNDana karane hetu jo tarka diye haiM unakA khaNDana kisI bhI bauddha dArzanika ne nahIM kiyaa| akalaGka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra Adi dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa ke viSaya ko sAMza yA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka pratipAdita karake bhI pratyakSa ko savikalpaka siddha kiyA hai| ___ jainadArzanika pratipAdita karate haiM ki samasta kalpanAoM ke saMhAra kI avasthA meM bhI sthira,sthUla artha kA pratibhAsa hotA hai aura vaha pratibhAsa zabdasaMsargayogya hotA hai isalie vaha bhI savikalpaka hI hai| bauddha sammata pratyakSa ko savikalpaka siddha karane ke lie jainadArzanikoM kI ora se eka heta aura diyA jA sakatA hai,vaha hai pramANa kI arthAkAratA,yA arthasarUpatA / pramANa ko bauddha dArzanikoM 399. jainendrasiddhAntakoza, bhAga-3, pR0 545

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206 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ne arthAkAra pratipAdita kiyA hai / jainoM ko pramANa kI sAkAratA mAnya hone para bhI arthAkAratA mAnya nahIM hai, kintu bauddhamata meM pratyakSa bhI pramANa hone ke kAraNa arthAkAra honA cAhie / arthAkAratA meM artha kA grahaNa hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa ko nirvikalpaka kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM lgtaa| jJAna arthAkAra hokara bhI nirvikalpaka ho yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki jaina dArzanika pratyakSa ko nizcayAtmaka pratipAdita karake bhI use zabdayojanA se vivikta kyoM mAnate haiM ? nyAya,vaizeSika,mImAMsA,vyAkaraNa,bauddha Adi samasta darzana nizcayAtmakatA ke sAtha zabdayojanA kA honA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| jainadArzanikoM ne pratyakSa meM vyapadezyatA athavA abhilApasaMsargayogyatArUpa pratibhAsa kA honA to svIkAra kiyA hai (jo bauddhamatAnusAra vikalpAtmaka hai), kintu nAma yojanA rUpa kalpanA ke abhAva meM bhI unhoMne pratyakSa meM nizcayAtmakatA aMgIkAra kI hai| yahAM nAmayojanA yA zabdayojanA kA abhiprAya jaina dArzanikoM ne saMbhavataH jJeya artha kA 'vAcaka zabda' lekara usakA niSedha kiyA hai|40deg vAcaka zabda ke abhAva meM bhI vidyAnanda , abhayadeva , prabhAcandra Adi sabhI dArzanika pratyakSa kI savikalpakatA evaM nizcayAtmakatA aMgIkAra karate haiM / jainadArzanika kevalajJAna jaise atIndriyajJAna meM bhI savikalpakatA evaM nizcayAtmakatA kA pratipAdana karate haiN| usameM yadi ve zabdayojanA ko svIkAra karate to saMbhavataH kisI bhI artha kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna honA saMbhava nahIM hotA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki yadi zabdayojanA hone para nizcayAtmaka jJAna svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai kyoMki nizcayAtmakatA ke binA zabda saMketa kA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA tathA zabdasaMketa ke binA nizcayAtmaka nahIM ho sakatI / ina doSoM se bacane ke lie hI jaina dArzanikoM ne pratyakSa ko svataH vyavasAyAtmaka mAnA hai| vikalpAtmaka evaM nizcayAtmaka hote hue bhI jo jJAna vizada hotA hai vahI jaina darzana meM pratyakSa hai| vizadatA kA sambandha nirvikalpakatA se nahIM hai| vizadatA meM idantayA pratibhAsa hotA hai tathA usameM kisI anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai / vaha sAkSAtkArI jJAna hotA hai |smRti,anumaan Adi pramANa vikalpAtmaka hote hue bhI pratyakSa kI apekSA avizada hote haiM / ___ jo jJAna vikalpAtmaka hotA hai,vaha nizcayAtmaka bhI ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne saMzaya, viparyayAdi vikalpoM ko pramANa meM sammilita nahIM kiyA hai / ve samasta vikalpoM ko vitatha bhI nahIM kahate,kyoMki vikalpAtmakatA ke binA jagat kA vyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| prazna yaha hai ki vikalpAtmaka hokara bhI jainadarzana meM avagraha evaM IhAjJAna nizcayAtmaka nahIM hote,avAya evaM dhAraNA jJAna nizcayAtmaka hote haiM,taba phira avagraha evaM IhAjJAna ko nizcayAtmakatA 400. 'vAcaka' zabda kA prayoga kara anya ko jJAna karAne ke lie jainadArzanika siddhasena evaM vAdidevasUri ne parArtha pratyakSa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / (1) draSTavya, nyAyAvatAra.11 (2) pratyakSaparicchinnArthAbhidhAyi vacanaM parArthaM pratyakSa parapratyakSahetRtvAt / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.26

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pratyakSa-pramANa 207 ke abhAva meM bhI pramANa kyoM kahA gayA? jaina dArzanikoM ke pAsa isakA koI spaSTa uttara nahIM hai| avagraha evaM IhA jainAgamoM meM matijJAna ke bhedoM meM nirUpita hai tathA matijJAna ko pramANa svIkAra karane ke kAraNa hI saMbhavataHjaina dArzanikoM ne avagraha evaM IhA jJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa mAnA hai / unako pramANa svIkAra karane se nizcayAtmakatA kA prazna uThA / yahI kAraNa hai ki pUjyapAda devanandI, akalaGka vidyAnanda, vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandra ne avagraha ko nizcayAtmaka jJAna mAnA hai| kintu umAsvAti , jinabhadra , siddhasenagaNi , yazovijaya Adi kucha jaina dArzanika avagraha ko jainAgamAnusAra nizcayAtmaka jJAna aMgIkAra nahIM karate haiN| vastutaH avAyajJAna ke pUrva avagraha evaM IhA jJAna nizcayAtmaka nahIM kahe jA sakate / avagraha evaM IhA ko yadi nizcayAtmakatA ke aMga hone se pramANa svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to avagraha ke pUrvavartI nirvikalpaka darzana kA bhI prAmANya svIkAra karane kA prasaMga AtA hai / darzana se avagraha va IhA meM jo antara hai vaha jJAnAtmakatA evaM vikalpAtmakatA kA hai| darzana jJAna nahIM hai evaM nirvikalpaka hai tathA avagraha evaM IhA jJAnAtmaka evaM vikalpAtmaka haiN| jainAgamoM meM avagraha evaM IhA ko savikalpakatA ke kAraNa hI saMbhavataH jJAna mAnA gayA hai / akalaGka ne avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA meM pUrvottara krama se pramANa evaM phalarUpatA svIkAra kI hai ,kintu usase avagraha evaM IhA kI nizcayAtmakatA yA heyopAdeya artha kI jJApakatA prakaTa nahIM hotI / isalie avagraha evaM IhA jJAna ko pramANalakSaNa kI koTi meM sammilita karanA jainAgamoM kI anupAlanA mAtra siddha hotI hai,maulika pramANamImAMsIya cintana kA usameM abhAva pratIta hotA hai| zuddha pratyakSa kI dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to bauddha sammata nirvikalpaka pratyakSa samIcIna pratIta hotA hai ,kintu pramANa dvArA artha-kriyA meM pravRtti yA heyopAdeya ke jJAna kI dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to vaha sarvathA anupayogI evaM avyavahArya hai tathA jainasammata savikalpaka pratyakSa upayogI evaM vyavahArya pratIta hotA hai / bauddhadarzana-sammata pratyakSa isalie avyavahArya evaM kAlpanika siddha hotA hai ,kyoMki usakA viSaya sthUla evaM sthira dRSTigocara hone vAle padArtha nahIM , apitu nirantara gatizIla evaM sUkSma va asAdhAraNa svalakSaNa paramANu haiM, jinakA kisI bhI puruSa ko pratyakSa hotA huA dikhAI nahIM detA hai / kSaNabhaMgavAda ko mAnane ke kAraNa bauddha dArzanikoM ke lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki ve svalakSaNa paramANuoM ko yathArtha,paramArthasat pratipAdita kara unakA pratyakSa-pramANa se grahaNa honA svIkAra kreN| saJcitAlambanAH paJcavijJAnakAyAH''tatrAnekArthajanyatvAt svArthe sAmAnyagocaram' Adi vAkya spaSTa pratipAdana karate haiM ki aneka svalakSaNa milakara hI dRzya hote haiM athavA pratyakSa jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa banate haiM / svalakSaNa paramANuoM kA saMcita samudAya honA sAmAnya hai / sAmAnya kA grahaNa bauddhamata meM vikalpAtmaka hotA hai / isalie use paramArthataH nirvikalpaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa|

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caturtha adhyAya anumAna-pramANa nyAya,vaizeSika evaM mImAMsA darzanoM kI bhAMti jainadarzana meM bhI anumAna-pramANa ko pratyakSa ke samAna yathArtha viSaya kA grAhaka pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai,jabaki bauddha darzana meM anumAna-pramANa kA viSaya pratyakSa kI bhAMti paramArthasat nahIM, apitu avastubhUta evaM kalpita sAmAnyalakSaNa hai| sAmAnyalakSaNa ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa dharmakIrti ne anumAna ko prAnta jJAna kahA hai| dharmottara kahate haiM ki anumAna apane dvArA gRhIta anartha yA avastubhUta sAmAnyalakSaNa meM paramArthasat svalakSaNa vastu kA adhyavasAya karatA hai,isalie vaha prAnta hai| vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki anumAna jaba prAnta jJAna hai tathA avastubhUta evaM arthakriyAsAmarthya se rahita artha ko viSaya karatA hai to phira use bauddha darzana meM pramANa kyoM mAnA gayA? dharmakIrti ne anumAna ko prAnta hote hue bhI pramAtA ke abhiprAya kA avisaMvAdaka hone ke kAraNa pramANa mAnA hai| dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki yadyapi paramArthataH prameya eka hI hai aura vaha svalakSaNa hai, kintu usa svalakSaNa kA pratyakSa dvArA svarUpase jJAna hotA hai tathA anumAna dvArA pararUpa arthAt sAmAnyalakSaNa artha ke rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai| sAmAnyalakSaNa ke grAhaka pramANa dvArA vastutaH arthakriyA meM samartha svalakSaNa artha kA adhyavasAya hotA hai isalie anumAna bhI pramANa hai| anumAna kA prAmANya dharmakIrti arthakriyA kI avisaMvAdakatA ke kAraNa svIkAra karate haiN| samasta bhrAnta jJAna pramANa nahIM hote haiM, apitu jo bhrAntajJAna avisaMvAdaka siddha hotA hai vaha anumAnapramANa kahA gayA hai| anumAna kI pramANatA siddha karane ke lie dharmakIrti maNiprabhA evaM pradIpaprabhA kA dRSTAnta dete haiN| maNiprabhA evaM pradIpaprabhA donoM meM maNibuddhi honA yadyapi prAnta jJAna hai tathApi maNiprabhA kI ora daur3ane vAle puruSa ko maNi kI prApti hotI hai,evaM pradIpa prabhA kI ora dauDane vAle puruSa ko maNi kI prApti nahIM hotI hai / usI prakAra jisa bhrAntajJAna se svalakSaNa artha kI prApti hotI hai,athavA jo prAnta jJAna avisaMvAdaka siddha hotA hai vaha anumAna-pramANa hai, evaM jo avisaMvAdaka siddha nahIM hotA vaha anumAnAbhAsa hai| anumAna-pramANa ke lie trirUpaliGgatA kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai| binA trirUpaliGgatA ke koI bhI prAnta jJAna anumAna pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / isIlie zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne trirUpaliGga yukta saMvAdaka jJAna ko 1. ayathAbhinivezena dvitIyA prAntiriSyate / - pramANavArtika, 2.55 2. prAntaM hanumAnaM svapratibhAse'na'rthAdhyavasAyena pravRttatvAt |-nyaayvinduttiikaa, 1.4, pR.40 3. abhiprAyAvisaMvAdAdapi prAnteH pramANatA |-prmaannvaartik, 2.56 4. meyaM tvekaM svalakSaNam / - pramANavArtika, 2.53 5. tasya svapararUpAbhyAM gateyadvayaM matam |-prmaannvaartik, 2.54 6. svalakSaNamadhyavasitaM pravRttiviSayo'numAnasya |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.12, pR.72 7. isa dRSTAnta kI carcA dvitIya adhyAya ke avisaMvAdaka pramANa-lakSaNa meM kI jA cukI hai / dharmakIrti kahate haiM mnniprdiipprbhyomnnibuddhyaabhidhaavtoH| mithyAjJAnAvizeSe'pi vizeSo'rthakriyAMprati // yathA tathA yathArthatvepyanumAnatadAbhayoH / arthakriyAnurodhena pramANatvaM vyavasthitam ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.57-58

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anumAna-pramANa 209 anumAna pramANa kahA hai| kamalazIla kA kathana hai ki jo jJAna trirUpaliGga se utpanna hotA hai vaha pAramparyeNa svalakSaNa vastu se pratibaddha hotA hai, isalie vaha pratyakSa ke samAna avisaMvAdaka hotA hai| dharmakIrti ne bhI liGga evaM liGgI arthAt hetu evaM sAdhya ke jJAna ko paramparA se svalakSaNa vastu meM pratibaddha nirUpita kiyA hai| isa prakAra jo jJAna trirUpaliGga se utpanna hotA hai vaha vikalpAtmaka yA prAnta hokara bhI avisaMvAdaka hone ke kAraNa bauddhadarzana meM anumAna-pramANa ke rUpa meM abhISTa mAnA gayA hai| __ jaina dArzanika anumAna ko prAnta jJAna nahIM mAnate haiN| siddhasena kahate haiM ki koI jJAna prAnta bhI ho evaM pramANa bhI ho,yaha virodhI hone se zakya nahIM hai|" jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra pratyakSa jisa prakAra abhrAnta evaM saMvAdaka hotA hai usI prakAra anumAna bhI abhrAnta evaM saMvAdaka hotA hai| svaparanizcayAtmakatA rUpa pramANalakSaNa pratyakSa evaM anumAna donoM meM samAnarUpeNa vyApta rahatA hai| anumAna-pramANa kA viSaya bhI utanA hI yathArtha yA vastubhUta hai jitanA pratyakSa kA viSaya / jaina dArzanika donoM pramANoM kA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha ko svIkAra karate haiM / inake anusAra bauddha sammata anumAna-pramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA siddha nahIM hai| vidyAnanda ne dharmakIrti dvArA pradatta maNiprabhA evaM pradIpaprabhA ke dRSTAnta kA khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki maNiprabhA se maNi kI prApti rUpa saMvAdakatA ko pratyakSa evaM anumAna se bhinna pramANa mAnanA hogA,kyoMki maNiprabhA meM maNibuddhi honA prAnta jJAna hai, isalie vaha pratyakSa nahIM ho sktaa| ise anumAna bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki maNiprabhAdarzana meM liGga aura liGgI ke sambandha kA jJAna nahIM hai| liGga evaM liGgI kA jJAna hue binA anumAna-pramANa pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa|12 jaina dArzanika bauddhasammata anumAna meM isalie bhI saMvAdakatA svIkAra nahIM karate,kyoMki usakA grAhya viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa adhyavaseya viSaya svalakSaNa se bhinna mAnA gayA hai| vidyAnanda kA to yahAM taka kathana hai ki anumAna kA Alambanapratyaya sAmAnyalakSaNa jaba avastu yA mithyA hai to usase prApta svalakSaNa vAstavika nahIM ho sktaa| yadi prApya svalakSaNa vAstavika hai to grAhya sAmAnyalakSaNa ko bhI vAstavika artha mAnanA caahie|13 bauddha dArzanikoM ne jaba pratyakSa pramANa ko nirvikalpaka evaM avyavasAyAtmaka svIkAra kiyA hai to usake dvArA liGga yA hetu kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA aura liGga kA nizcaya hue binA anumAna pramANa kI pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| dharmottara ne spaSTa pratipAdana kiyA hai ki liGga ke grahaNa evaM 8. virUpaliGgapUrvatvaM nanu saMvAdilakSaNam / - tattvasamaha, 1467 9. yatasvirUpalijaM yajjJAnaM tat pArampayeNa vastuni pratibaddham ato'visaMvAdakaM pratyakSavat / - tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA,1467, pR.523 10.lilinidhiyorevaM pAramparyeNa vastuni / pratibandhAt tadAbhAsazUnyayorapyavacanam ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.82 11.prAntaM pramANamityetad viruddhavacanaM yataH |-nyaayaavtaar.6 12.vistAra se vidyAnanda kRta khaNDana ke lie draSTavya, dvitIya adhyAya meM bauddhoM ke dvitIya pramANalakSaNa kA khaNDana, pR.92 13. na hi tadAlambanaM prAntaM prApye'pi vastuni prAntatvaprasaMgAt / prApye tasyAvisaMvAdakatve svAlambane'pyavisaMvAdakatvam / - aSTasahasrI, pR. 278

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210 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vyAptismaraNa ke pazcAt hone vAlA pramANa anumAna hai / 14 kamalazIla ne liGga- nizcaya kA nirUpaNa karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki bhalIbhAMti nizcita kiyA huA liGgahI sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai, saMdigdha liGga nahIM / vASpAdi rUpa meM sandihyamAna dhUma agni kA nizcAyaka nahIM hotA hai / liGga kA nizcaya abhyAsa se hotA hai|5 bauddhamata meM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ke anantara utpanna vikalpa ko adhyavasAyAtmaka mAnA gayA hai ataH vaha abhyAsa dvArA liGga nizcAyaka hotA hai| kamalazIla pratipAdita karate haiM ki abhyasta svalakSaNa vAle puruSa dhUmAdi se vASpAdi kA vyAvartana kara lete haiM tathA vASpAdi kA vyAvartana karake hI ve dhUma se vahni kA jJAna karate haiN| isalie jo liGgasuvivecita hotA hai usakA sAdhya ke sAtha vyabhicAra nahIM hotA / 16 jaina dArzanika liGga evaM sAdhya kA pratyakSa dvArA adhyavasAya karake bhI unakI vyApti kA nizcaya tarkapramANa dvArA karate haiN| anumAna-lakSaNa _ 'anu' upasarga pUrvaka 'mA' dhAtu se 'lyuT' pratyaya lagAkara anumAna' zabda niSpanna huA hai jo kisI uttaravartI yA pazcAbhAvI jJAna kA dyotana karatA hai / akSapAda gautama ne isIlie anumAna ko pratyakSapUrvaka pratipAdita kiyA hai| vAtsyAyana ne use pratyakSa yA Agama para Azrita batalAyA hai / 18 anumAna zabda kI nirukti karate samaya vAtsyAyana pratipAdita karate haiM ki pratyakSa-pramANa dvArA jJAta liGga se liGgI artha kA jJAna karanA anumAna hai / 19 dharmottara isI prakAra anumAna kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki liGgake grahaNa evaM vyApti smaraNa ke pazcAt hone vAlA pramANa anumAna hai |2deghemcndr bhI anumAna kI isI prakAra nirukti karate hue dikhAI dete haiN|21 sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna honA athavA liGga se anumeya artha kA jJAna honA anumAna hai| anumAnapramANa kA yaha sAmAnyalakSaNa jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzanoM ko mAnya hai,22 bauddha dArzanikoM ke mata meM anumeya artha kA jJAna karane ke lie hetu meM trirUpatA kA honA Avazyaka hai| pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva ina tIna rUpoM se sampanna hetu dvArA janya anumeyArtha ke jJAna ko hI ve 14. liGgagrahaNasambandhasmaraNasya pazcAt mAnamanumAnam / - nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.3, pR.30 15. suparinizcitaM liGga gamakamiSyate na sandigdham / na hi dhUmo vASpAdirUpeNa sandihyamAno vahenizcAyako bhavati / liGganizcaya eva kathamiti cet abhyAsAt / - tattvasaGgrahapaMjikA,1474, pR. 525-26 16. tasmAd yataH suvivecitaM liGgaMna vyabhicarati, tenAvasthAdibhedabhinnAnAM siddhirna durlabhA / nApi suvivecitAlliGgAt parinizcito'rtho'nyathA zakyate kartum / - tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA, 1475, pR. 526 17. aba tatpUrvakaM trividhamanumAnam-|-nyAyasUtra, 1.1.5 18. pratyakSAgamAzritamanumAnam / - nyAyabhASya, 1.1.1, pR.8 19. tatpUrvakamityanena ligaliganoH sambandhadarzanaM-smRtyA liGgadarzanena cApratyakSo'tho'numIyate |-nyaaybhaassy, 1.1.5, 20. draSTavya, uparyukta pAdaTippaNa,14 21. anumIyate'neneti anumAnam liGgagrahaNasambandhasmaraNayoH pazcAt paricchedanam |-prmaannmiimaaNsaavRtti, 1.1.7 22.(1) sAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam |-priikssaamukh, 3.10 (2) anumAnaM liGgAdarthadarzanam / - nyAyapraveza, pR.7

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anumAna pramANa anumAnapramANa kI koTi meM rakhate haiM, trirUpatA se rahita jJAna ko anumAnAbhAsa pratipAdita karate haiM / isake viparIta jaina dArzanikoM ke mata meM hetu meM trirUpatA kA koI aucitya nahIM hai / ve sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvI yA anyathAnupapanna hetu ke dvArA hone vAle sAdhya ke jJAna ko anumAna pramANa svIkAra karate haiM / 1 diGnAgakRta anumAna-lakSaNa udyotakara ke nyAyavArtika meM prApta hotA hai, tadanusAra jJAta avinAbhAva sambandha dvArA nAntarIyaka artha kA darzana hI anumAna hai| 23 eka vastu kA dUsarI vastu ke abhAva meM kabhI bhI na honA " nAntarIyaka" kahalAtA hai / nAntarIyaka ko avinAbhAva bhI kahate haiN| jo vastu nAntarIyaka arthAt avinAbhAva sambandha se sambaddha hotI hai, use nAntarIyaka artha kahate haiM / jisa puruSa ko do vastuoM kA avinAbhAva sambandha jJAta hai, use hI nAntarIyaka eka vastu ke darzana dvArA apara vastu kA jJAna hotA hai| nAntarIyaka hetu trirUpatA sampanna hotA hai| liGga kA anumeya pakSa meM honA, sapakSa meM nizcita honA evaM vipakSa meM na rahanA hI trirUpatA hai| 24 diDnAga ne pramANasamuccaya meM svArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa karate samaya trirUpaliGga se janya jJAna ko hI anumAna pramANa kahA hai| 25 dharmakIrti ne pramANavArtika meM anumAna-lakSaNa isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA hai- "kisI sambandhI dharma se, dharmI ke viSaya meM jo parokSa artha kA jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha anumAna hai| 26 manorathanandI ne isakI vRtti karate hue likhA hai ki anvayavyatireka liGga dvArA usake Azraya dharmI meM jo parokSa artha kI pratIti hotI hai vaha anumAna pramANa hai| yaha anumAna trirUpaliGga dvArA utpanna hotA hai| 27 211 bauddha darzana meM anyatra anumAna ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa nahIM karake anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM ke pRthak pRthak lakSaNa diye gaye haiM, kintu sArAMzarUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha darzana ke anusAra pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva rUpa tIna rUpoM se sampanna liGga yA hetu dvArA jo liGgI yA sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha anumAna pramANa hai / jaina darzana meM sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI hetu se hone vAle jJAna ko anumAna kahA gayA hai| jo hetu sAdhya ke abhAva meM nahIM rahatA, vahI sAdhya kA sAdhana hotA hai| samasta jaina dArzanika isa saMbaMdha meM ekamata haiN| isa saraNi meM nyAyAvatAra meM siddhasena ne avinAbhAvI liGga dvArA sAdhya ke nizcayAtmaka jJAna ko anumAna kahA hai| 28 akalaGka ne bhI isI prakAra avinAbhUta liGga dvArA sAdhya ke jJAna ko 23. nAntarIyakArthadarzanaM tadvido'numAnam / - nyAyavArtika, 1.1.5, pR. 123 24. anumeye'tha tattulye svabhAvo nAstitA'sati / - nyAyavArtika, 1.1.5, pR.126 25. trirUpAlliGgato'rthadRk / pramANasamuccaya, svArthAnumAnapariccheda, uddhata, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga-1, pariziSTa, pR.122 26. yA ca sambandhino dharmAd bhUtidharmiNi jJAyate / sAnumAnaM parokSANAmekAntenaiva sAdhanam // pramANavArtika, 2.62 27. pramANavArtika (ma.na.) 2.62, pR.120 28. sAdhyAvinAbhuno liGgAt sAdhyanizcAyakaM smRtam / anumAnaM tadabhrAntaM pramANatvAt samakSavat // - nyAyAvatAra, 5

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212 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA anumAna pratipAdita kiyA hai|29 ve sAdhana ko sAdhya kA avinAbhUta mAnate haiM, isalie sarala zabdoM meM unhoMne sAdhana se sAdhya ke jJAna ko anumAna kahA hai| vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI, hemacandra Adi samasta jaina dArzanika anumAna-lakSaNa meM siddhasena evaM akalaGka kA hI anusaraNa karate haiN|21 vAdidevasUri ne avazya dharmakIrti kA anusaraNa kara pahale anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha do bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai,tadanantara unake vizeSa lakSaNoM kA kathana kiyA hai|32 isa prakAra sAmAnya rUpa se jaina darzana meM sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI liGga se anumeya artha kA jJAna honA anumAna-pramANa hai| ___ sArAMza yaha hai ki liGga se liGgI kA athavA hetu se sAdhya kA jJAna honA anumAna hai, isameM jaina evaM bauddha dArzanika ekamata haiM ,kintu bauddha dArzanika hetu meM trirUpatA kA honA anivArya mAnate haiM , jabaki jaina dArzanika usakA khaNDana karate haiM tathA hetu kA mAtra sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvitva svIkAra karate haiN| anumAna ke vizeSa lakSaNoM para vicAra karane se pUrva anumAna ke bhedoM ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai, ataH aba anumAna-bhedoM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| anumAna - bheda diinAga ke pUrvavartI bauddha graMtha upAyahradaya meM nyAya 33 evaM sAMkhya darzana 34 sammata pUrvavat, zeSavat evaM sAmAnyatodRSTa ina tIna anumAna-bhedoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa hai|35 isI prakAra siddhasena ke pUrva jaina graMtha anuyogadvArasUtra meM inhIM tIna bhedoM kA pratipAdana hai|36 antara yaha hai ki anuyogadvArasUtra meM 'sAmAnyatodRSTa' ke sthAna para 'dRSTasAdharmyavat' nAma diyA gayA hai, tathA usake sAmAnyadRSTa evaM vizeSadRSTa ye do bheda kiye gaye haiM / zeSavat anumAna ko bhI kArya,kAraNa,guNa,avayava evaM Azraya ke AdhArapara pAMca prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki nyAyadarzana 29.liGgAtsAdhyAvinAbhAvAbhinibodhakalakSaNAt / lividhIranamAnaM--laghIyalaya,12-13 30. sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam |-nyaayvinishcy, 170 31. draSTavya, pramANaparIkSA, pR.45, parIkSAmukha, 3.10, pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.79 32. draSTavya, pramANanayatatvAloka 3.9,10,23 33. atha tatpUrvakaM trividhamanumAnaM pUrvavaccheSavatsAmAnyatodRSTaM ca |-nyaaysuutr 1.1.5 34. anumAna vizeSatavividhaM pUrvavat zeSavat sAmAnyatodRSTazeti / - sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kA.5, pR.55 35. anumAna trividhaM pUrvavat zeSavat sAmAnyatodRSTaM ca / yathA SaDaMguli sapiDakamUrdhAnaM bAlaM dRSTvA pazcAd vRddhaM bahuzrutaM devadattaM dRSTvA SaDaMgulismaraNAt so'yamiti pUrvavat / zeSavat yathA, sAgarasalilaM pItvA tallavaNarasamanubhUya zeSamapi salilaM tulyameva lavaNamiti / etaccheSavadanumAnam / sAmAnyatodRSTaM yathA kazcidgacchaMstaM dezaM prApnoti / gagane'pi sUryacandramasau pUrvasyAM dizyuditau pazcimAyAMcAstaM gatau / tacceSTAyAmadRSTAyAmapi tadgamanamanumIyate / etatsAmAnyato dRssttm|- upAyahRdaya, pR. 13-14, 36.(1) se kiM taM aNumANe? sativihe paNNatte taM jahA-puvvavaM, sesavaM, diTThasAhammavaM |-anuyogdvaarsuutr, anumAna pramANadvAra (2) anuyogadvArasUtra meM kAla kI dRSTi se bhI anumAna ke tIna bheda kiye gaye hai, yathA-(1)atIta kAla grahaNa (2)pratyutpanna kAla grahaNa (3) anAgata kAla grahaNa / - anuyogadvArasUtra, anumAna-varNana 37. anuyogadvArasUtra meM varNita anumAnapramANa ke vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya, pariziSTa - ga

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anumAna pramANa evaM sAMkhyadarzana meM pratipAdita pUrvavat, zeSavat evaM sAmAnyatodRSTa anumAna-bheda prAcIna haiM, jinakA prabhAva tatkAlIna bauddha evaM jainapranthoM para bhI huA, phalataH unhoMne apane graMthoM meM ina bhedoM kA samAveza kiyA / diGnAga ne anumAna pramANa ke do bhedoM kA pratipAdana kiyA- (1) svArthAnumAna evaM (2) parArthAnumAna / 38 anumAna pramANa ke ina do bhedoM kA pratipAdana bhAratIya darzana meM diDnAga kI maulika dena hai| vaizeSika darzana meM dinAga ke samakAlIna dArzanika prazastapAda ne svanizcitArtha evaM parArtha ke rUpa meM anumAna kA saMkSipta vivecana avazya kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne spaSTarUpeNa svArtha evaM parArtha ina do bhAgoM meM anumAna ko vibhakta nahIM kiyaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jisa balavadrUpa meM svArtha evaM parArtha anumAna bhedoM kA sthApana dinAga ne kiyA hai, vaha sabake dvArA anukaraNIya banA / diGnAga kRta anumAna -bhedoM ko na kevala dharmakIrti, 40 zAntarakSita Adi" bauddha dArzanikoM ne apanAyA, apitu lagabhaga sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne ina bhedoM ko apane graMthoM meM sthAna diyaa| yahI nahIM nyAya, mImAMsA, evaM vedAnta darzana bhI inase prabhAvita hue aura unhoMne bhI svArthAnumAna evaM parArthAnumAna ko anumAna-bhedoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyaa| 213 anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha vibhAjana ke pUrva nyAyadarzana meM pratijJA, hetu Adi pAMca avayavoM ko anumAna pramANa ke aMgoM ke rUpa meM sthApita nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| pramANa se 'avayava' nAmaka bhinna padArtha kI kalpanA kI gayI thI, kintu diGnAga dvArA parArthAnumAna kA sthApana karane ke anantara nyAyadarzana meM pratijJA, hetu Adi pAMca avayavoM ko parArthAnumAna meM saMgRhIta kara liyA gayA / 42 nyAyadarzana meM jayantabhaTTa ke pUrva svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu unake uttaravartI dArzanikoM dvArA, vizeSataH navyanyAya meM anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha bheda paryApta mahattva ke sAtha varNita haiN| kezavamizra kI tarka bhASA Adi graMtha isake nidarzana hai| mImAMsA darzana meM zAlikanAtha ke graMtha tathA vedAnta darzana meM vedAntaparibhASA se saMbhavataH svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM kA ullekha prArambha huA / 43 jainadarzana meM anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM ke ullekha kA prArambha siddhasena divAkara kI kRti nyAyAvatAra se mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usake pUrva jaina graMthoM meM ina bhedoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| siddhasena dinAga ke samakAlIna dArzanika the, unake pUrvavartI nhiiN| kyoMki diGnAga ne anumAna 38. anumAnaM dvidhA svArthaM parArthaM ca / - pramANasamuccaya, svArthAnumAna-pariccheda, uddhRta, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga-1, pariziSTa, pR. 122 39. ityetat svanizcitArthamanumAnam / paMcAvayavena vAkyena svanizcitArthapratipAdanaM parArthAnumAnam / prazastapAdabhASya, anumAnaprakaraNa / 40. anumAnaM dvidhA / svArthaM parArthaM ca / - nyAyabindu, 2.1-2 41. svaparArthavibhAgena tvanumAnaM dvidheSyate / - tattvasaGgraha, 1361 42. Buddhist Logic, Vol. I, p. 291 43. bhAratIyadarzana meM anumAna, pR. 251-52 +

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214 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ko svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM meM jisa AdhAra para vibhakta kiyA hai vahI AdhAra siddhasena ne apanAyA hai," tathA diinAga kRta anumAna bhedoM ko pratyakSa meM bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai / tadanusAra unake mata meM pramANa ke do prakAra hai - svArtha evaM parArtha / 5 siddhasena ke uttaravartI dArzanika akalaGka ke siddhivinizcaya evaM vidyAnanda kI pramANaparIkSA graMthoM meM anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai / parantu anumAna kA vivecana ve ina bhedoM ke AdhAra para nahIM karate haiM / DA. darabArI lAla koThiyA ke anusAra akalaGkamata meM hetu ke ekamAtra lakSaNa anyathAnupapannatva ke kAraNa anumAna kA eka hI bheda hai,usake tIna,cAra yA pAMca bheda nhiiN|" vidyAnanda ne vIta,avIta evaM vItAvIta ke bheda se anumAna ke tIna prakAra bhI nirdiSTa kiye haiN|9 mANikyanandI ne spaSTarUpeNa anumAna ko svArtha evaM parArtha do bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai|5degvaadidevsuuri evaM hemacandrAcArya ke graMthoM meM bhI anumAna ke ve donoM bheda spaSTa nirdiSTa haiM / vAdidevasUri ne to anumAna ko svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM meM vibhakta karane ke anantara hI anumAna kA lakSaNa nirUpita kiyA hai,pahale nahIM / 53 ___anumAna ke svArtha evaM parArtha bhedoM ke pratiSThita hone ke anantara bauddha evaM jaina graMthoM meM pUrvavat, zeSavat evaM sAmAnyatodRSTa bhedoM ko prAyaHsthAna nahIM milA / yadyapi pUrvavat,zeSavat evaM sAmAnyatodRSTa bhedoM ko svArthAnumAna evaM parArthAnumAna ke upabhedoM meM rakhA jA sakatA thA kyoMki donoM prakAra ke anumAna-vibhAjana kI dRSTi bhinna hai, kintu unheM uttarakAlIna bauddha evaM jaina graMthoM meM na kevala sthAna nahIM diyA gayA, apitu abhayadevasUri, vAdidevasUri jaise AcAryoM ne anumAna ke ina tIna bhedoM ko anucita batalAkara inakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai|54 44. svanizcayavadanyeSAM nizcayotpAdanaM budhaH / parArtha mAnamAkhyAtaM vAkyaM tadupacArataH ||-nyaayaavtaar,10 45. pratyakSeNAnumAnena prasiddhArthaprakAzanAt / __ parasya tadupAyatvAt parArthatvaM dUyorapi ||-nyaayaavtaar, 11 46. siddhivinizcayavRtti, 6.2, pR.313 47. pramANaparIkSA, pR.58 48. jainatarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra, pR.114-119 49. draSTavya, pramANaparIkSA, pR.57 evaM tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.204 evaM vRtti / 50. tadanumAnaM dvedhA / svArthaparArthabhedAt / - parIkSAmukha, 3.48-49 51. anumAnaM dviprakAraM svArtha parArthaM ca |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.9 52. tat dvidhA svArtha parAI ca / - pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.8 53. draSTavya, pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.9-10 54.(1) draSTavya, tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.559, syAdvAdaralAkara, pR.527 (2) DA balirAma zukla ne apanI kRti anumAna pramANa ke pR.181 para likhA hai ki diGnAga ne naiyAyikoM ke pUrvavat, zeSavat evaM sAmAnyatodRSTa anumAna-bhedoM kI tIvra AlocanA kI hai, kintu unake dvArA pradatta dAdazAranayacakra ke saMdarbha ta hotA hai ki diGanAga ne vahAM para parvavata Adi anamAna-bhedoM kI koI AlocanA nahIM kI hai. apita "pUrvavat" zabda dvArA pratyakSa ke samAna anumAna ke phala kA nirdeza kiyA hai|- draSTavya, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja) bhAga-1 pariziSTa,pR.122

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anumAna-pramANa 215 svArthAnumAna jisa anumAna dvArA pramAtA svayaM anumeya artha kA jJAna karatA hai vaha svArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai|55 anumAna-pramANa meM svArthAnumAna kA mahattva adhika hai, kyoMki svArthAnumAna ke binA parArthAnumAna nahIM ho sktaa| diGnAga ne trirUpa liGga se hone vAle arthajJAna ko svArthAnumAna kahA hai|56 dharmakIrti ne bhI trirUpaliGga se anumeya artha meM hone vAle jJAna ko svArthAnumAna kahA hai|57 yahI mata zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi ne prakaTa kiyA hai| kamalazIla kahate haiM ki pakSadharmatva,sapakSa meM sattva evaM vipakSa se sarvato vyAvRtti yukta trirUpaliGga se jo anumeya artha kA jJAna hotA hai vaha svArthAnumAna hai / 59 vastutaHbauddha darzana meM anumAna kA sAmAnyalakSaNa nirUpita nahIM hai| dharmottara kahate haiM ki svArthAnumAna jJAnAtmaka hotA hai evaM parArthAnumAna zabdAtmaka hotA hai,ina donoM meM atyanta bheda hone ke kAraNa anumAna kA sAmAnya lakSaNa saMbhava nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki diinAga evaM unake uttaravartI bauddha dArzanikoM ne anumAna ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa nahIM karake prAyaH svArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa diyA hai| svArthAnumAna ke lakSaNa ko hI anumAna kA sAmAnya lakSaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai / trirUpaliGga sampanna hetu kA kathana karane para vahI parArthAnumAna ho jAtA hai| __isa prakAra bauddha mata meM pakSadharmatva,sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva ina tInoM rUpoM se yukta liGga dvArA anumeya artha ke viSaya meM jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai,vaha svArthAnumAna kahA jA sakatA hai| svArthAnumAna ke dvArA nizcita artha kA jaba hetu evaM dRSTAnta ke dvArA anya kI pratipitta ke lie kathana kiyA jAtA hai to vaha parArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai|60 jaina darzana meM sAmAnyarUpeNa sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI liGgase utpanna sAdhya ke jJAna ko svArthAnamAna kahA gayA hai / siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra meM anumAna ke sAmAnya lakSaNa se pRthak svArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa nahIM diyA gayA hai| ve sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI liGga se sAdhya ke nizcAyaka jJAna ko anumAna kahate haiN|61 yahI jainadarzana meM svArthAnumAna hai| akalaGkane bhI sAdhya se avinAbhUta sAdhana dvArA hone vAle sAdhyajJAna ko anumAna kahA hai32 evaM svArthAnumAna kA pRthak lakSaNa nahIM diyA hai| vidyAnanda ne sAdhana 55.svasmAyidaM svArtham / nyAyabinduTIkA, 2.2, 1.98 56. svArtha trirUpAlliGgato'rthadRk |-prmaannsmuccy, uddhata, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga-1, pariziSTa, pR.122 57. tara svArtha trirUpAlliGgAd yadanumeye jJAnaM tadanumAnam / nyAyabindu, 2.3 58. svArtha virUpato liMgAdanumeyArthadarzanam / - tattvasaMgraha 1361 59. tatra svArtha virUpAlliGgAt pakSadharmatvam, sapakSe sattvam vipakSAcca sarvato vyAvRttiH ityevaMlakSaNAdanumeyArthaviSayaM jJAnaM ___ tadAtmakaM boddhavyam / tattvasaGgrahapaMjikA, 1361, pR.494-95 60. parArthamanumAnaM tu svadRSTArthaprakAzanam |-prmaannsmuccy, uddhRta, dAdazAranayacakra, (ja), bhAga-1, pariziSTa, pR.125 61. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya pAdaTippaNa, 28 62.(1) liGgAt sAdhyAvinAbhAvAbhinibodhakalakSaNAt liGgidhIranumAnaM ||-lghiiystry,12-13 (2) sAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam - nyAyavinizcaya,170

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216 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA se hone vAle sAdhya-jJAna ko svArthAnumAna kahate hue svArthAnumAna kI aneka vizeSatAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, yathA-vaha abhinibodha svarUpa viziSTa matijJAna hai, vaha sAdhya kI ora abhimukha evaM anyathAnupapannatvarUpa niyata lakSaNa se utpanna hotA hai tathA vaha tarkapramANa kA phala hotA hai|63 mANikyanandI ne bhI vidyAnanda ke anusAra sAdhana se hone vAle sAdhyajJAna ko svArthAnumAna kahA hai|64 vAdidevasUri ne svArthAnumAna kA vizeSalakSaNa pradAna kiyA hai, tadanusAra hetu kA pratyakSa hone para tathA hetu evaM sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI sambandha kA smaraNa hone para sAdhya kA jo jJAna hotA hai,vaha svArthAnumAna hai|65 hemacandra ke mata meM apane dvArA nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI rUpa eka lakSaNa vAle sAdhana se sAdhya kA jJAna honA svArthAnumAna hai / 66 / ___ isa prakAra jaina darzana ke anusAra hetu kA grahaNa hone para sAdhya evaM hetu ke avinAbhAva sambandha yA vyApti kA smaraNa hotA hai| usake anantara tarkapramANa ke phala rUpa meM sAdhya kA nizcAyaka svArthAnumAna pramANa udita hotA hai| svArthAnumAna athavA anumAna ke bauddha evaM jaina darzanAnusAra mukhyataH do aMga haiM - sAdhya evaM hetu / sAdhya evaM hetu ke sAtha vyApti kI carcA bhI jur3I huI hai / vyApti evaM pakSadharmatA ko navyanyAya yuga meM anumAna kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai| yahAM para sAdhya evaM hetu para vicAra karane ke anantara vyApti para vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| pakSa kI carcA isa adhyAya meM parArthAnumAna ke prasaMga meM 'pakSavacanavimarza ke antargata Age kI gaI hai| sAdhya - vicAra anumAna-pramANa meM sAdhya kA atyadhika mahattva hai| liGga athavA sAdhana dvArA jise siddha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sAdhya kahalAtA hai| sAdhya ko liGgI,vyApaka,gamya,niyAmya,ApAdya Adi bhI kahA jAtA hai / sAdhya ke lie anumeya' zabda kA bhI prayoga hotA rahA hai / jaina evaM bauddha darzanoM meM sAdhya ko aneka sthaloM para anumeya kahA gayA hai,kintu pakSa evaM sAdhya meM sUkSma antara hai| sAdhya kisI pakSa meM rahatA hai, kintu pakSa sAdhya meM nahIM rahatA hai| anumiti ke saMdarbha meM sAdhya ke lie anumeya zabda sarvathA upayukta hai| sAdhyaviziSTa pakSa athavA pakSa meM sAdhya ko siddha karanA anumeya kahA jAtA hai| anumeya zabda sAdhya kA hI dyotaka hotA hai| anumeya yA sAdhya ke sambandha meM lagabhaga sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne sAdhya ke do prakAra batalAye haiM-dharmiviziSTa dharma evaM 63. tadetatsAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam svArthamabhinibodhalakSaNaM viziSTamatijJAnam, sAdhyaM pratyabhimukhAniyamitAt sAdhanAdupajAtasya bodhasya tarkaphalasyAminibodha iti saMjJApratipAdanAt |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.58 64. sAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnam / svArthamuktalakSaNam / - parIkSAmukha, 3.10 evaM 50 65. tatra hetubrahaNasambandhasmaraNakAraNakaM sAdhyavijJAnaM svArtham |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.10 66. svArtha svanizcitasAdhyAvinAbhAvakalakSaNAt sAdhanAt sAdhyajJAnam -pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.9 67. anumAnasya de aMge vyAptiH pakSadharmatA ca |-keshvimitr, tarkabhASA, anumAna-nirUpaNa /

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anumAna-pramANa 217 dharmaviziSTa dhrmii| dharmiviziSTa dharma kA artha hai - dharmI (pakSa) se viziSTa dharma (sAdhya) kA honA,yathA zabda kI anitytaa| dharmaviziSTa dharmI kA artha hai - dharma (anityatva) se viziSTa dharmI (shbd)| 68 vAtsyAyana ne inameM se mukhyarUpeNa dharmaviziSTa dharmI (anityaH zabdaH) ko sAdhya rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai| "parvato vahnimAn" sAdhya kA prasiddha udAharaNa hai, jisameM agni rUpa sAdhya-dharma se viziSTa, dharmI-rUpa parvata ko siddha kiyA jAtA hai / parvata para agni siddha karanA ho to dharmiviziSTa dharma arthAt parvata viziSTa agni ko sAdhya mAnA jAtA hai / dinAga ne sAdhya ke tIna kalpa prastuta kiye haiM -(1) kevala dharma (2) dharma -dharmisambandha aura (3) dharmaviziSTa dhrmii| diGnAga ne inameM se prathama do kA khaNDana karavAtsyAyana ke samAna tRtIya svarUpa ko sAdhya ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai|69 dharmakIrti ne hetulakSaNa kA nirUpaNa karate samaya jijJAsita dharma vAle dharmI ko anumeya yA sAdhya kahA hai| dharmottara usI prasaMga meM spaSTa karate haiM ki anumiti ke samaya dharmaviziSTadharmI yA dharma-dharmI kA samudAya anumeya hotA hai tathA vyApti ke nizcayakAla meM agni rUpa dharma hI sAdhya yA anumeya hotA hai| vAtsyAyana evaM bauddha dArzanikoM kA hI prabhAva jaina dArzanikoM para dikhAI detA hai / mANikyanandI evaM vAdidevasUri ne vyAptigrahaNa kAla meM agnirUpa dharma ko sAdhya tathA AnumAnika pratipatti ke samaya agnirUpa dharma viziSTa parvatarUpa dharmI ko sAdhya pratipAdita kiyA hai| dharmI kA dUsarA nAma pakSa hai / 72 isa prakAra jaina darzana meM anumAna-kAla meM sAdhyadharma viziSTa pakSa ko sAdhya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA vyAptinizcayakAla meM mAtra dharma ko hI sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM sAdhya ke svarUpa ko lekara koI vivAda nahIM hai| vyAptinizcaya kAla meM jahAM donoM darzana agni dharma ko sAdhya mAnate haiM,vahAM anumAna kI pratipatti ke samaya agniviziSTa parvata Adi dharmI ko sAdhya svIkAra karate haiN| nyAyadarzana meM jisa prakAra anirNIta athavA saMzayita artha meM nyAya kA pravRtta honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, tathA sAdhya ko prajJApanIya mAnA gayA hai, usI prakArabauddha evaM jaina darzana meM sAdhya' 68. sAdhyaM ca vividha dharmiviziSTo vA dharmaH zabdasyAnityatvaM, dharmaviziSTo vA dharmI anityaH zabdaH iti / - nyAyabhASya, 69. diGnAga ke ina tInoM kalpoM kI carcA nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA meM huI hai| - bhAratIyadarzana meM anumAna, pR.40 70. anumeyo'tra jijJAsitavizeSo dharmI |-nyaaybindu, 2.6 71. anyatra tu sAdhyapratipattikAle samudAyo'numeyaH / vyAptinizcayakAle tu dharmo'numeya iti |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 2.6 72.(1)sAdhyaM dharmaHkvacit tatiziSTo vA dharmI / pakSa iti yAvat / vyAptI tu sAdhyaM dharma eva / parIkSAmukha, 3.21,22,28 (2) vyAptigrahaNasamayApekSayA sAdhyaM dharma eva anyathA tadanupapatteH / AnumAnika pratipattyavasarApekSayA tu pakSAparaparyA yastaviziSTaH prasiddhodharmI |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.18,20 73. tatra nAnupalabdhena nirNIte'yaM nyAyaH pravartate, kiM tarhi saMzayite'the |-nyaaybhaassy, 1.1.1, 17 74. prajJApanIyena dharmava dharmiNo viziSTasya |-nyaaybhaassy, 1.1.33, pR.81

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue aneka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bauddhadArzanika diGnAga athavA zaMkarasvAmI ne nyAyapraveza meM sAdhya ko Ipsita evaM pratyakSAdi se aviruddha batalAyA hai| 75 dharmakIrti ne pakSa meM pAMca vizeSatAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jinheM sAdhya kI pAMca vizeSatAeM mAnA jA sakatA hai, yathA - (1) svayaM vAdI dvArA sAdhya ko siddha karanA abhISTa hotA hai (2) vaha siddha nahIM rahatA, (3) vaha sAdhana nahIM hotA, (4) vaha zabdoM se kabhI ukta hotA hai evaM kabhI anukta rahatA hai tathA (5) vaha pratyakSAdi pramANoM se anirAkRta rahatA hai / 76 jainadArzanika siddhasena ne sAdhya athavA pakSa ko pratyakSAdi pramANoM se anirAkRta batalAyA hai / ' 77 'akalaGka ne sAdhya ko zakya, abhipreta evaM aprasiddha nirUpita kiyA hai| 78 arthAt anirNIta evaM saMzaya- viparyAsAdi se viziSTa artha ko ve sAdhya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM9 mANikyanandI ne akalaGkakA anusaraNa karate hue iSTa, abAdhita evaM asiddha artha ko sAdhya pratipAdita kiyA hai|" vAdidevasUri ise apratIta, anirAkRta evaM abhIpsita ke rUpa meM nirUpita karate haiM? tathA sAdhya ke ina tInoM vizeSaNoM ke aucitya kA pratipAdana karate haiM / vAdidevasUri kahate haiM ki zaMkita, viparIta evaM anadhyavasita artha ko sAdhya batalAne ke lie use apratIta kahA gayA hai|82 pratyakSAdi pramANoM ke viruddha koI sAdhya nahIM hotA, isalie use anirAkRta yA abAdhita kahA gayA hai| 83 anabhimata artha ko sAdhya svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, isalie jaina dArzanika sAdhya jo abhIpsita kahate haiN| 84 sAdhya ko iSTa yA abhIpsita vAdI kI apekSA se kahA gayA hai, prativAdI kI apekSA se nahIM / 85 218 isa prakAra sAdhya kA lakSaNa bauddha evaM jaina donoM darzana prAyaH eka jaisA svIkAra karate haiN| hetu lakSaNa vimarza anumAna pramANa kA dvitIya pahattvapUrNa aMga yA ghaTaka 'hetu' hai| hetu hI sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai / bhAratIyadarzana meM hetu ko liGga, sAdhana, vyApya, gamaka, niyAmaka, ApAdaka Adi bhI kahA gayA hai| bauddha evaM jaina dArzanikoM meM anumAna pramANa ke sambandha meM sabase adhika vivAda hetulakSaNa ko lekara hai| bauddha dArzanika hetu meM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva ina tIna rUpoM kA honA 75. svayaM sAdhyatvenepsitaH / pratyakSAdyaviruddhaH / - nyAyapraveza, pR. 1 76. svarUpeNaiva svayamiSTo' nirAkRtaH pakSaH / - nyAyabindu, 3.38 evaM draSTavya, 3.39-41 77. sAdhyAbhyupagamaH pakSaH pratyakSAdyanirAkRtaH / - nyAyAvatAra, 14 78. sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddhaM / - nyAyavinizcaya, 172 evaM pramANasaGgraha, 20 79. avyutpattisaMzayaviparyAsaviziSTo'rthaH sAdhyaH / pramANasaMgrahavRtti, 20, akalaGkapranthatraya, pR. 102 - 80. iSTamabAdhitamasiddhaM sAdhyam / parIkSAmukha, 3.16 81. apratItamanirAkRtamabhIpsitaM sAdhyam / pramANanayatatvAloka, 3.14 82. zaMkitaviparItAna dhyavasitavastUnAM sAdhyatApratipattyarthamapratItavacanam -- pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.15 83. pratyakSAdiviruddhasya sAdhyatvaM mA prasajyatAmityanirAkRtagrahaNam / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.16 84. anabhimatasyAsAdhyatvapratipattaye' bhIpsitapadopAdAnam - pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.17 85. na cAsiddhavadiSTaM prativAdinaH / - mANikyanandI, parIkSAmukha 3.19

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anumAna-pramANa 219 Avazyaka mAnate haiM / jo hetu ina tIna rUpoM se yukta nahIM hotA use ve asad hetu athavA hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM / pakSadharmatva kA artha hai dhUmAdi hetu kA vahniviziSTa parvatAdi pakSa meM rahanA,sapakSasattva kA artha hai dhUmAdi hetu kA mahAnasa Adi sapakSa meM rahanA evaM vipakSAsattva kA artha hai usa hetu kA jalAzaya Adi vipakSa meM nahIM rhnaa| trairUpya kA pratipAdana vaizeSika evaM sAMkhya darzana meM bhI kiyA gayA hai|86 ve bhI trirUpa sampanna hetu ko hI saddhetu ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karate haiM / zverabAtskI ke anusAra bauddha darzana meM trairUpya kI kalpanA vaizeSikoM se prAcIna hai,87 jabaki paM. sukhalAlasaMghavI vaizeSika darzana meM trairUpya ko prAcIna mAnate haiM / "jo bhI ho,hetu ke rUpya lakSaNa kI sarvAdhika prasiddhi bauddha darzana meM hI huI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne trairUpya kA khaNDana karate samaya apanA lakSya bauddhoM ko hI banAyA hai| nyAyadarzana meM asatpratipakSatva evaM abAdhitaviSayatva ko milAkara hetu meM pAMca rUpoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai|89 rUpya hetu ke pratipAdaka dArzanika jahAM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsatva se kramaza: asiddha, viruddha evaM anaikAntika hetvAbhAsoM kA nirAkaraNa karate haiM, vahAM pAMcarUpya ke pratipAdaka naiyAyika inake atirikta kAlAtyayApadiSTa hetvAbhAsa kA abAdhitaviSayatva dvArA evaM prakaraNasama hetvAbhAsa kA asatpratipakSatva dvArA nirAkaraNa karate haiM / naiyAyikoM ne kevalAnvayI hetu meM vipakSAsattva kA abhAva hone se tathA kevalavyatirekI hetu meM sapakSasattva kA abhAva hone se unameM cAra rUpa hI svIkAra kiye haiM / anvayavyatirekI hetu meM ve pAMcoM rUpoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| 1 hetu meM SaDpa evaM saptarUpa mAnane kI paramparAoM ke bhI ullekha milate haiN|92 86.(1) vaizeSika - yadanumeyena sambaddhaM prasiddhaM ca tadanvite / tadabhAve ca nAstyeva talliGgamanumApakam ||-prshstpaadbhaassy, anumAna prakaraNa / (2) sAMkhya- draSTavya, sAMkhyakArikA, 5 kI mATharavRtti / 87. Buddhist Logic, p. 243-44 88. pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa, pR.81 89.(1) paJcalakSaNakAlliGgAd gRhiitaanniymsmRteH| __ parokSe liGgini jJAnamanumAnaM pracakSate / nyAyamaJjarI, pR.101, uddhRta, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.523 (2) draSTavya, kezavamizra, tarkabhASA, pR.86 (3) nyAyaparamparA meM hetu ko dvilakSaNa evaM vilakSaNa bhI mAnA gayA hai| - draSTavya, nyAyavArtika, 1.1.34, pR.276 90.(1) bauddha-hetoliSvapi rUpeSu nirNayastena varNitaH / __asiddhaviparItArthavyabhicArivipakSataH ||-prmaannvaartik, 3.15 (2) vaizeSika darzana meM anekAntika ke sthAna para saMdigdha zabda kA praya viparItamato yatsyAdekena dvitayena vaa| viruddhAsiddhasaMdigdhamalliGgaM kAzyapo'bravIt ||-prshstpaadbhaassy, anumAna prakaraNa / 91. draSTavya, kezavamizra, tarkabhASA, anumaanniruupnn| 92.(1) SaDpa mAnane vAlI paramparA kA ullekha arcaTa kI hetubindu TIkA meM milatA hai / yathA-SaDalakSaNo heturityapare / vINi caitAni abAdhitaviSayatvaM vivakSitaikasaMkhyatvaM jJAtatvaM ca |-hetubinduttiikaa, pR.205 (2) saptarUpa mAnane kA ullekha vAdirAja ke nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa meM milatA hai, yathA-anyathAnupapannatvAdibhizcatubhiH pakSadharmatvAdibhizca saptalakSaNo heturiti trayeNa kim|-nyaayvinishcyvivrnn 2.55, pR.178-80

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jainadarzana meM trairUpya evaM pAMcarUpya kA nirasana kara hetu kA eka hI lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, aura vaha hai usakA sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAva / sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA na rahanA hI avinAbhAva hai| avinAbhAva ke lie jaina dArzanikoM ne anyathAnupapatti zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / samasta jaina dArzanika sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapatti ko hI hetu kA eka mAtra lakSaNa pratipAdita karate haiM / jaina dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki yadi hetu meM sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvitva hai to vaha trairUpya evaM pAMca rUpya ke abhAva meM bhI sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai aura yadi usameM avinAbhAvitva nahIM hai to rUpya evaM pAMcarUpya ke hone para bhI vaha sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA / 220 bauddha dArzanika bhI hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva yA pratibandha svIkAra karate haiM, tathA usake abhAva meM hetuoM ko hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM, kintu ve avinAbhAva kI parisamApti trirUpatA meM karate haiM / unakA mantavya hai ki jo hetu trirUpa sampanna hotA hai vahI sAdhya kA avinAbhAvI hokara sAdhya kA jJAna karAtA hai / bauddhamata meM hetu-lakSaNa bauddha darzana meM hetu ke rUpya kA nirUpaNa sarvaprathama diGnAga ne kiyA / " 92a unake ziSya zaMkarasvAmI athavA svayaM diGnAga kI racanA nyAyapraveza meM hetu ko trirUpasampanna pratipAdita kara pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ,93 dharmakIrti ne trairUpya ke pratipAdana meM kucha navInatA evaM maulikatA kA prayoga kiyA hai| nyAyabindu meM ve trairUpya kA pratipAdana avadhAraNArthaka " eva" (hI) zabda kA prayoga karate hue isa prakAra kahate haiM - 'trairUpyaM punarliGgasyAnumeye sattvam eva, sapakSa eva sattvam, asapakSe cAsattvam eva nizcitam / 94 arthAt (1) hetu kA anumeya meM honA hI nizcita ho (2) hetu kA sapakSa meM hI honA nizcita ho tathA (3) hetu kA asapakSa athavA vipakSa meM nahIM honA hI nizcita ho / dharmakIrti ne hetulakSaNa meM usa dharmI ko anumeya kahA hai jisakA vizeSa dharma jAnanA iSTa ho / 15 sAdhyadharma kI samAnatA rakhane vAle artha ko sapakSa .96 tathA jo sapakSa evaM anumeya nahIM hotA use asapakSa yA vipakSa kahA hai| 97 asapakSa ko ve sapakSa se anya, viruddha yA sapakSAbhAva rUpa mAnate haiN| 18 dharmottara ne dharmakIrti pratipAdita trairUpya kI 92. trirUpAlliGgato'rthadRk / -- vakSyamANatrilakSaNakAlliGgAd / - pramANasamuccaya evaM vRtti, uddhata, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga-1, pariziSTa, pR.122 93. hetustrirUpaH / kiM punanairUpyam ? pakSadharmatvaM, sapakSe sattvaM, vipakSe cAsattvamiti / - nyAyapraveza, pR. 1 94. (1) nyAyabindu, 2.4 (2) jainAcArya vidyAnanda ne ise nimnAnusAra prathita kiyA hai nizcitaM pakSadharmatvaM vipakSe'sattvameva ca / pakSa eva janmatvaM tattrayaM hetulakSaNam // - tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.13.124 95. anumeyo'tra jijJAsitavizeSo dharmI / - nyAyabindu, 2.6 96. sAdhyadharmasAmAnyena samAno'rthaH sapakSaH -- nyAyabindu, 2.7 97. na sapakSo'sapakSaH / nyAyabindu, 2.8 98. tato'nyastadviruddhastadabhAvazceti / - nyAyabindu, 2.9

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anumAna-pramANa 221 nyAyabinduTIkA meM vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai jisakA upAdAna jainadArzanika hemacandra ne pramANamImAMsA meM prAmANika rUpa se kiyA hai / ataH yahAM hemacandra kRta bauddha vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para dharmakIrta nirUpita rUpyalakSaNa kA vivecana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| anumeye sattvameva nizcitam-anumeya dharmI meM hetu kA sattva kahane se zabda kI nityatA siddhi meM cAkSuSatvAdi hetu asiddha ho jAte haiM / arthAt inakI hetutA kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / eva' zabda kA prayoga karane se pakSa ke eka deza meM asiddha hetu nirAkRta ho jAtA hai,yathA "pRthvI Adi bhUta anitya haiM,kyoMki gandhavAn haiM" isa vAkya ke pRthvI Adi cAroM bhUta pakSa haiM,kintu gandhavattva hetu kevala pRthvI meM pAyA jAtA hai, anya tIna bhUtoM meM nahIM / ataH yaha pakSakadezAsiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| aise hetuoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie "pakSa meM sattva hI ho" yaha kahA gayA hai / 'sattva' ke pazcAt 'eva' kA prayoga karake asAdhAraNa dharmavAle hetu kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, arthAt jo hetu kevala pakSa meM hI pAyA jAya,sapakSa meM nahIM ,vaha hetu nahIM ho sktaa| yadi eva' (hI) kA prayoga sattva ke pUrva karake "anumeya eva sattvam" kahA jAtA to zabda kI nityatA' meM 'zrAvaNatva' hetu bana jaataa| 'nizcita' pada ke prayoga dvArA saMdigdhAsiddha hetvAbhAsa kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai|99 dharmottara ne pRthvI Adi bhUtoM kI anityatA vAlA udAharaNa nahIM dekara "eva" ke prayoga kI puSTi meM anya udAharaNa diyA hai, yathA-"vRkSa cetana haiM,kyoMki ve sote haiN|" yahAM pakSIbhUta vRkSoM meM se kucha vRkSa rAtri meM patrasaMkoca rUpa zayana nahIM karate haiM,ataH zayana karane kA hetu pakSa ke eka deza meM asiddha hotA hai / "eva" kA prayoga karake usa pakSaikadezAsiddha hetu kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / 100 sapakSe eva sattvam nizcitam-yaha hetu kA dUsarA rUpa hai / sapakSa meM hetu kA sattva kahane se viruddha nAmaka hetvAbhAsa kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / viruddha hetu sapakSa meM nahIM rahatA hai / 'eva' zabda se sAdhAraNa anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai / sAdhAraNa anaikAntika hetu sapakSa meM hI nahIM,apitu vipakSa meM bhI rahatA hai| sattva se pUrva evaM sapakSa ke anantara avadhAraNavAcI 'evaM' kA prayoga karane se sabhI sapakSoM meM avyApI prayalAntarIyakatva hetu kA bhI samarthana ho gayA hai / yathA - 'zabda anitya hai prayalAntarIyaka hone se,ghaTa ke samAna' yahAM prayatnAntarIyaka hetu sapakSa ke eka deza meM vidyamAna hai, ghaTAdi meM vidyamAna hai, kintu vidyut Adi meM nhiiN| vidyut prayalAntarIyaka nahIM hai, kintu anitya hai ataH anitya ko siddha karane ke lie prayatlAntarIyaka hetu vahAM lAgU nahIM hotA, phira bhI sapakSa ke pazcAt 'eva' kA prayoga karane se usakA sapakSa meM hI honA nirdhArita hotA hai, vipakSa meM nhiiN| isa kAraNa prayatnAntarIyaka hetu saddhetu hai / yadi sattva ke pazcAt 'eva' kA prayoga hotA hai to prayatnAntarIyakatva hetu nahIM bntaa| nizcita zabda kA grahaNa karane se 'sandigdhAnvaya' nAmaka anaikAntika 99. pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.9 pR.39 100. evakAreNa pakSakadezAsiddho nirastaH yathA cetanAstaravaH svApAd iti pakSIkRteSu taruSu patrasaMkocalakSaNaH svApa ekadeze na siddhaH / na hi sarve vRkSA rAtrau patrasaMkocabhAjaH kintu kecideva / nyAyabinduTIkA 2.5, pR.105

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222 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hetvAbhAsa kA nirasana hotA hai,yathA koI sarvajJa hai,kyoMki vaha vaktA hai|' yahA vaktRtva hetu sapakSa sarvajJa meM saMdigdha hai' nizcita nahIM / 101 vipakSe asattvameva nizcitam-vipakSa meM asattva hI nizcita ho, yaha hetu kA tRtIya rUpa hai / vipakSa meM hetu kA asattva kahane se viruddha hetvAbhAsa kA nirasana ho jAtA hai / viruddha hetu vipakSa meM rahatA hai| 'eva' zabda ke prayoga se vipakSa ke eka deza meM rahane vAle sAdhAraNa hetu kA nirAkaraNa hotA hai yathA - 'zabda prayatnAntarIyaka hai anitya hone se,ghaTa ke samAna' / yahAM anityatva hetu prayatnAntarIyaka sAdhya ke vipakSa ke eka deza vidyut Adi meM rahatA hai| vidyut anitya hai tathApi prayalAntarIyaka nahIM hai| AkAzAdi bhI vipakSa hai, kintu unameM anityatva hetu nahIM rahatA hai| vipakSa ke eka deza meM rahane se anityatva hetu asat hai / yadi asattva ke pUrva evaM' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA to usakA artha hotA 'jo vipakSa meM hI nahIM hai vaha hetu hai' arthAt sapakSa meM to hai hI,vipakSa meM hI nahIM hai / aisI sthiti meM 'zabda anitya hai,prayalAntarIyaka hone se' isa vAkya meM prayatnAntarIyaka hetu vidyut Adi meM bhI nahIM hai,ataH vaha bhI phira hetu nahIM ho sakatA thaa| ataH eva' kA prayoga asattva' ke pUrva nahIM kiyA gyaa| nizcita zabda ke dvArA 'sandigdhavipakSavyAvRttika' nAmaka anaikAntika hetu (hetvAbhAsa) kA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai, yathA - 'yaha asarvajJa hai kyoMki vaktA hai' isameM vaktRtva hetu kI asarvajJa ke vipakSa sarvajJa se vyAvRtti saMdigdha hai,ataH vaktRtva hetu asat hai / 02 ___ isa prakAra bauddha mata meM trairUpya hI hetu ke asiddha,viruddha evaM anaikAntika doSoM kA parihAra karane meM samartha hai,ataH trairUpya ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jainamata meM hetulakSaNa jainadarzana meM sarvaprathama siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra meM anyathAnupapatti ko hetu kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai103 saMbhava hai siddhasena ke pUrva bhI kisI anya jaina AcArya ne hetu kA lakSaNa anyathAnupapannatva yA avinAbhAvitva pratipAdita kiyA ho,kintu usakA ullekha samprati anupalabdha hai / siddhasena ke anantara 101.(1) pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.9 pR. 39-40 (2)tulanIya tasmin eva sattvaM nizcitamiti dvitIya rUpam / ihApi sattvagrahaNena viruddho nirastaH / sa hi nAsti sapakSe / evakAreNa sAdhAraNAnekAntikaH / sa hi na sapakSa eva vartate kintUbhayatrApi / sattvagrahaNAt pUrvAvadhAraNavacanena sapakSAvyApisattAkasyApi prayatnAnantarIyakasya hetutvaM kathitam / pazcAda avadhAraNe tvayamarthaH syAt-sapakSe sattvameva yasya sa hetariti prayatnAnantarIyakatvaM na hetaH syAta nizcitavacanena sandigdhAnvayo'naikAntiko nirstH| yathA sarvajJaHkazcida vaktRtvAt |vktRtvN hi sapakSe sarvajJe sandigdham |-dhrmottr, nyAyavinduTIkA, 2.5 pR.107 102.(1) pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.9, pR.40 (2) tulanIya-tasmin asattvameva nidhitaM tRtIya rUpam / tatrAsattvagrahaNena viruddhasya nirAsaH / viruddhohi vipakSe'sti / evakAreNa sAdhAraNasya vipakSakadezavRttenirAsaH / prayatlAnantarIyakatve sAdhye hyanityatvaM vipakSakadeze vidyudAdau asti / AkAzAdau nAsti / tato niyamenAsya niraasH| asattvazabdAda hi parvasmina avadhAraNe'yamarthaH syAtvipakSa eva yo nAsti sa hetuH / tathA ca pravalAnantarIyakatvaM sapakSe'pi sarvatra nAsti / tato na hetuH syAt / tataH pUrva na kRtam / nizcitagrahaNena sandigdhavipakSavyAvRttiko'naikAntiko nirstH|-dhrmottr, nyAyabinduTIkA , 2.5 1.108-109 103. anyathAnupapannatvaM hetorlakSaNamIritam / - nyAyAvatAra, 22

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anumAna-pramANa pAtrasvAmI eka aise dArzanika hue hai jinhoMne bauddhasammata trairUpya lakSaNa kA khaNDana kara anyathAnupapannatva lakSaNa kA balavat rUpa meM sthApana kiyA hai / zAntarakSita jaise bauddha tArkikoM ko bhI pAtrasvAmI ke khaNDana kA pratyuttara dene ke lie lekhanI uThAnI pdd'ii| kintu pAtrasvAmI kI vaha racanA trilakSaNakadarthana samprati anupalabdha hai| akalaGka ne bhI sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA honA anupapanna batalAyA hai|05 akalaGka kahate haiM ki sAdhya-artha ke abhAva meM jisakA abhAva honA nizcita hai,aise eka lakSaNa vAlA hetu hotA hai / 106 AcArya vidyAnanda bhI hetu kA anyathAnupapanna lakSaNa hI aMgIkAra karate haiM tathA unhoMne jainAcArya kumAranandI ke hetulakSaNa ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai,jisake anusAra bhI anyathAnupapatti svarUpa eka lakSaNa vAle hetu ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 108 hetu-lakSaNa kI yahI saraNi mANikyanandI,devasUri,hemacandrAdi uttaravartI jainadArzanikoM dvArA bhI apanAyI gayI hai| ina dArzanikoM ne akalaGkakRta nizcaya athavA nizcita zabda ke prayoga kA bhI hetulakSaNa meM AdAna kara liyA hai| yathA mANikyanandI evaM hemacandra ke anusAra 'jisakA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvitva nizcita ho vaha hetu hai / 109 devasUrike zabdoM meM nizcita anyathAnupapatti rUpa eka lakSaNa vAlA hetu hotA hai / 110 jainadArzanikoM ne isI lakSaNa dvArA hetu ke anvaya evaM vyatireka donoM rUpoM kA grahaNa kara liyA hai| anvaya kA grahaNa ve hetu ke tathopapatti rUpa dvArA karate hai tathA vyatireka kA grahaNa anyathAnupapatti rUpa dvArA / sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA abhAva anyathAnupapatti prayoga hai tathA sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA tathopapatti prayoga hai| jainadArzanikoM dvArA bauddha hetu-lakSaNa kA khaNDana jaina dArzanikoM kI yaha dRr3ha dhAraNA hai ki trirUpatA ke abhAva meM bhI hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva ho sakatA hai tathA trirUpatA ke sadbhAva meM bhI hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM raha pAtA hai, ataH trirUpatA ko hetukA lakSaNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / hetu kA eka hI lakSaNa mAnya hai, vaha hai usakA sAdhya ke sAtha anyathAnupapannatva athavA avinAbhAva / yahI tathya unake dvArA bauddhoM kA khaNDana karane se phalita hotA hai / pramukharUpa se jainAcArya pAtrasvAmI,akalaGka,vidyAnanda,abhayadevasUri, prabhAcandra,vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandra ne apane graMthoM meM bauddha hetulakSaNa kA nirasana kiyA hai| pAtrasvAmI 104. draSTavya, tattvasaMgraha, 1363-1428 105. sAdhanaM prakRtAbhAve'nupapannatvam |-prmaannsNgrh, 21, nyAyavinizcaya, 269 106. sAdhyArthA'sambhavAbhAvaniyamanizcayaikalakSaNo hetuH |-prmaannsNgrhvRtti, 21 107. tadevamanyathAnupapattiniyamanizcaya evekaM sAdhanasya lakSaNaM pradhAnam |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.49 108. anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM liGgamagyate |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.49 109.(1) sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH|- parIkSAmukha, 3.11 (2) svanizcitasAdhyAvinAbhAvaikalakSaNAt / - pramANamImAMsA , 1.2.9 110. nizcitAnyathAnupapatyekalakSaNo hetuH |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.11

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224 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kA grantha anupalabdha hai,kintu bauddhAcArya zAntarakSita ne unake mata kA tatvasaGgraha meM upanyAsa kiyA hai,ataHusI AdhAra parapAtrasvAmI kRta khaNDana ko yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| prabhAcandra evaM vAdideva ke graMthoM meM unake pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke tarko kA hI Alambana liyA gayA hai ,ataH yahAM prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri kI carcA nahIM kI gayI hai| bauddha trairUpya hetulakSaNa kA khaNDana karane vAle jaina dArzanikoM meM pAtrasvAmI athavA pAtrakesarI ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki unhoMne bauddha trairUpya kA khaNDana karane ke liye 'trilakSaNakadarthana 11 nAmaka pRthak graMtha kI racanA kI jisakA prabhAva zAntarakSita jaise bauddha tArkika para bhI huaa| isameM bhI koI sandeha nahIM ki akalaGka,vidyAnanda,abhayadeva,prabhAcandrAdi uttaravartI jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kiye gaye trairUpya khaNDana meM pAtrasvAmI kRta khaNDana mArgadarzaka banA / bauddha trairUpya ke khaNDanArtha prayukta eka kArikA ko unake uttaravartI lagabhaga sabhI jaina dArzanikoM ne uddhata kiyA hai, jisameM yaha pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai ki jahAM hetu meM anyathAnupapannatva hai vahAM trilakSaNatA kA koI prayojana nahIM hai tathA jisa hetu meM anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai usa hetu meM bhI vilakSaNatA nirarthaka hai / 192 vaha kArikA hai anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim? / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ?113 samprati pAtrasvAmI viracita grantha trilakSaNakadarthana anupalabdha hai isalie unake dvArA kiye gaye bauddha trairUpya-nirasana ko bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita kI kRti tatvasaGgraha se prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| ___ anyathAnupapanna hetu hI sadhetu hai,trilakSaNa hetu nahIM,kyoMki tatputratvAdi hetuoM meM trilakSaNatA ke hone para bhI anyathAnupapannatva ke abhAva meM sadhetutA nahIM hai, ataH trilakSaNatA niSphala hai| 114 jisa prakAra loka meM tIna putroM ke pitA ko eka suputra ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai usIprakAra tIna rUpoM meM bhI anyathAnupapatti lakSaNa se hI hetu ko jAnA jAtA hai / 115 hetu ke tIna rUpoM meM avinAbhAva sambandhamAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki sAdhya ke abhAva meM nahIM honA mAtra eka aMgahI saddhetu meM upalabdha 111. isa grantha ke nAmollekhArtha draSTavya, anantavIrya kRta siddhivinizcayaTIkA, 6.2, pR. 371-72 112. uddhata (1) akalaGka nyAyavinizcaya 2.154-55 (2) vidyAnanda, pramANaparIkSA, pR.49 (3) vAdidevasUri, syAdvAdaralAkara, pR.521 (4) hemacandra, pramANamImAMsA, pR.40 113. isa kArikA ke AdhAra para vidyAnanda ne pAMcarUpya ke nirasanArtha nayI kArikA kA uDheMkana kiyA hai anyathAnupapannatvaM rUpaiH kiM paJcabhiH kRtam / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM rUpaiH kiM paJcabhiH kRtam ||-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.49 114. anyathAnupapannatve nana dRSTA shettaa| nAsati tryaMzakasyApi tasmAt klIvAstrilakSaNAH ||-ttvsNgrh, 1363 115. yathA loke triputraH sannekaputraka ucyate / tasyaikasya suputratvAt taghehApi ca dRzyatAm / / - tattvasaGgraha, 1365

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anumAna-pramANa 225 hotA hai / 116 jisa hetu meM sAdhya ke sAtha anyathAnupapannatva hai vahI sadhetu hai usake sAtha sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya donoM ke dRSTAnta hoM yA na hoM unase koI antara nahIM AtA,kyoMki ve suhetutA ke kAraNa nahIM haiN|117 jisa hetu meM anyathAnupapannatva hai,usameM trairUpya kA koI prayojana nahIM hai tathA jisa hetu meM anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai usameM bhI trairUpya kA honA koI artha nahIM rkhtaa|118 vaha zyAmavarNa hai usa (maitrI) kA putra hone se,usake anya putroM ke samAna / usake anya putra bhI zyAma varNa dekhe gaye haiN| yaha vilakSaNa yukta hetu sAdhya kA nizcaya nahIM karA pAtA, ataH avinAbhAva ke abhAva meM trirUpatA nirarthaka hai / 119 jisameM eka anyathAnupapannatva yukta pakSadharmatva lakSaNa hai,kintu sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya dRSTAnta se rahita hai phira bhI vaha sad hetu hai,yathA bhAva evaM abhAva kathaJcit sadAtmaka haiM,kathaJcit upalabdha hone se|' bhAva evaM abhAva meM samasta padArtha pakSa bana jAte haiM,ataHsapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva kA abhAva rahatA hai / isa prakAra eka pakSadharmatvayukta anyathAnupapannatva lakSaNa se bhI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka ho jAtA hai / 120 do lakSaNa vAle hetu bhI saddhetu ho sakate haiM / yathA- (1) acandra zazalAMchana yukta nahIM hotA, candramA zazalAJchana yukta hotA hai,kyoMki candra nAma se vaha loka meM prasiddha hai|' isa hetu meM zazI pakSa hai isakA koI sapakSa nahIM hai, kintu loSTha Adi vipakSa meM yaha hetu nahIM jAtA hai / (2) merI yaha vedanA pataMge ke dvArA kATe jAne se huI hai,kyoMki pataMge ke sparza se yaha sthAna phUlA huA hai / isa hetu kA bhI koI sapakSa nahIM hai| isaliye yaha bhI dvirUpa hetu hai / (3) rUpa ko grahaNa karane meM cakSu atizayazaktimAn hai,kyoMki usakA dekhane hetu karaNa' ke rUpa meM upayoga kiyA jAtA hai / isa hetu meM cakSu kA koI sapakSa nahIM hai,vipakSa zrotrAdi meM yaha hetu nahIM rahatA hai / isa prakAra yaha bhI dvirUpa hetu hai| isa prakAra ina tInoM hetuoM meM sapakSasattva nahIM hai tathApi ye sadhetu haiN|121 AtmaghaTAdi kathaJcit asatsvarupa hai,kyoMki kathaJcit upalabdha nahIM hote haiM,kharazrRMga ke samAna / kathaJcit zazazrRMgAdi bhI sat svarupa haiM, kyoMki kathaJcit upalabdha hote haiM, jisa prakAra ki AtmaghaTAdi / ina hetuoM meM 116. avinAbhAvasambandhanirUpeSu na jaatucit| anyathA'sambhavaikAGgahetuSvevopalabhyate / / - tattvasaGgraha, 1366 117. anyathAnupapannatvaM yasya tasyaiva suhetutA / dRSTAntau dvAvapi stAM vA mA vA to hi na kAraNam ||- tattvasaGgraha, 1367 118. anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim|| nAnyathAnapapannatvaM yatra tatratrayeNa kima-tatvasaGgraha.1368 119.sa zyAmastasya patratvAda dRSTA zyAmA ythetre| iti trilakSaNo heturna nizcityai pravartate // - tattvasaGgraha,,1369 120. tatraikalakSaNo heturdRSTAntadayavarjitaH / kathazidupalabhyatvAd bhAvAbhAvI sadAtmako ||-tttvsnggrh, 1370 121. tattvasaGgraha, 1371-1373

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vipakSAsattva kA abhAva hai 122 / isI prakAra zabda, dIpa Adi vastuoM meM pakSadharmatva ke abhAva meM bhI anyathAnupapatti se hI jJApakatA dekhI gayI hai / 123 isalie prAdhAnya ke kAraNa eka avinAbhAvitva lakSaNa vAlA hI hetu maka hai| pakSadharmatva Adi anya lakSaNoM kI vyartha parikalpanA se koI lAbha nahIM hai / 124 226 bhaTTa akalaGkadeva ne aise aneka hetu prastuta kiye haiM jinameM pakSadharmatvAdi rUpatraya kA abhAva hai tathApi ve hetu sAdhyAvinAbhAva ke kAraNa sAdhya ke gamaka haiN| yathA eka muhUrta pazcAt zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikA kA udaya hai| 125 kRttikodaya hetu meM pakSadharmatvAdi kA abhAva hai tathApi yaha zakaTa sAdhya kA pUrvacara rUpa meM avinAbhAvI hone se usakA gamaka hai / isI prakAra candra Adi se jala meM par3ane vAle usake pratibimba kA jJAna, 126 'tulA ke eka palar3e ke Upara uThane se usake dUsare palar3e ke nIce jAne kA anumAna, . 127. 'kala udita hone vAle sUryodaya kA anumAna, candrAdi arvAk bhAga ko dekhakara parabhAga kA anumAna' 19 Adi aise aneka anumiti-sAdhaka hetu hai jinameM pakSadharmatvAdi rUpaya kA abhAva hai| 1 akalaGkakA mantavya hai ki anyathAnupapatti rUpa ekalakSaNa ke sAmarthya se hI viruddha, anaikAntika, asiddha, ajJAta, akiJcikara Adi samasta hetvAbhAsoM kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / 130 bauddhoM ne asiddha, viruddha, evaM anaikAntika rUpa tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie tIna rUpoM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva ko Avazyaka mAnA hai, kintu akalaGka kA mata hai ki eka anyathAnupapatti lakSaNa ke abhAva meM pakSadharmatvAdi trilakSaNa sAdhya ke gamaka nahIM hote / 131 vidyAnanda ne trilakSaNatva ko do kAraNoMse anupapanna siddha kiyA hai| pahalA to yaha hai ki vaha hetvAbhAsa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai aura dUsarA yaha hai ki vaha hetu kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa nahIM hai 132 122. tattvasaMgraha, 1374- 1375 123. anyathAnupapattyaiva zabdadIpAdivastuSu / apakSadharmabhAve'pi dRSTA jJApakatApi ca // - tattvasaGgraha, 1377 124. (1) tenaikalakSaNo hetuH prAdhAnyAd gamako'stu naH / pakSadharmAdibhistvanyaiH kiM vyarthaiH parikalpitaiH // - tattvasaGgraha, 1378 (2) zAntarakSita ne pAtrasvAmI ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai / tadartha draSTavya, tattvasaMgraha, 1379-1428 125. bhaviSyatpratipadyeta zakaTaM kRttikodayAt / laghIyastraya, 14 126. candrAderjalacandrAdipratipattistathAnumA / - laghIyastraya, 13 127. parasparAvinA bhUtau nAmaunnAmI tulAntayoH / -- siddhivinizcaya 6.15 evaM nyAyavinizcaya, 2.169 128. zva Aditya udeteti grahaNaM vA bhaviSyati // - laghIyastraya, 14 129. candrAdervAgbhAgadarzanAt parabhAgo'numIyate / - siddhivinizcaya vRtti, 6 . 2, pR.373 130. ekalakSaNasAmarthyAd hetvAbhAsAH nivartitAH / viruddhAnaikAntikAsiddhAjJAtAkiJcitkarAdayaH // - siddhivinizcaya, 6.32 131. na hyekalakSaNAbhAveM trilakSaNaM gamakam / - siddhivinizcaya, vRtti, pR. 430 132. na tadyuktaM hetvAbhAse'pi saMbhavAt / asAdhAraNatApAyAllakSaNatvavirodhataH / - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.125

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anumAna-pramANa 227 vidyAnanda ke anusAra trilakSaNa hetu anupapanna hai,kyoMki sapakSasattva,pakSadharmatva evaM vipakSa meM asattva ye tInoM lakSaNa hetvAbhAsa meM bhI pAye jAte haiM,yathA vaha zyAmavarNa hai,usakA putra hone se usake anyaputroM ke samAna' isa vAkya meM pakSadharmatvAdi tInoM rUpoM kA sadbhAva hai tathApi yaha sadhetu nahIM hetvAbhAsa hai|133 usake anya putra sapakSa, vivAdAdhyAsita putra pakSa tathA azyAma anya putra 'tatputratva' hetu kA vipakSa hai / yaha hetu pakSa evaM sapakSa meM rahatA hai, kintu vipakSa meM nahIM rahatA / isa prakAra trirUpa sampanna hokara bhI yaha avinAbhAva ke abhAva meM hetvAbhAsa hai| 'udeSyati zakaTaM kRttikodayAt' arthAt 'eka muhUrta pazcAt zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya hogA,kyoMki abhI kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya huA hai' isa vAkya meM pakSadharmatva kA abhAva hone para bhI kRttikodaya hetu zakaTodaya sAdhya kA gamaka siddha hotA hai / 134 yadi AkAza athavA kAla ko pakSa tathA udaya hone vAle zakaTa ko sAdhya mAnakara kRttikodaya hetu meM pakSadharmatva aMgIkAra kiyA jAtA hai135 to isa prakAra to pRthvI ko pakSa mAnakara mahodadhi agni rUpa sAdhya ko siddha karane ke lie mahAnasa ke dhUma ko hetu banAyA jA sakatA hai,kyoMki vaha dhUma hetu bhI pRthvI rUpa pakSa meM vidyamAna hai| bauddha - zakaTodaya evaM kRttikodaya meM kAraNakArya bhAva ke kAraNa avinAbhAvitA hai,pUrvacara hone ke kAraNa nahIM / 136 zakaTodaya, kRttikodaya kA bhAvI kAraNa hai tathA kRttikodaya usakA kArya, ataH kRttikodaya kArya se zakaTodaya kAraNa kA anumAna hotA hai / isI prakAra atIta kAraNa bharaNyudaya se bhI kRttikodaya kArya kA anumAna zakya hai| atIta evaM anAgata kAraNa kA kArya se anvayavyatireka sambandha ho sakatA hai| vidyAnanda-bhinna kAlavartI atIta yA anAgata padArtha,kArya kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vaisI pratIti hI nahIM hotI hai tathA kisI vidyamAna artha kA hI kAryotpAdana meM vyApAra ho sakatA hai,avidyamAna yA anAgata kA nhiiN| ataeva kRttikodaya aura zakaTodaya meM kAryakAraNabhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| yadi inameM kAryakAraNabhAva mAna liyA jAya to bhI kRttikodaya hetu meM pakSadharmatva nahIM hai evaM vaha hetu pakSadharmatA ke binA bhI sAdhya kA sAdhaka hotA hai / ataH 'pakSadharmatva' hetu kA lakSaNa nahIM hai| isI prakAra sapakSa meM hI hetu kA honA nizcita ho,yaha lakSaNa bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA hai / sapakSasattva ke abhAva meM bhI samasta padArtha anitya haiM,sattva hone se' vAkya meM sattvahetu bauddhoM ke dvArA bhI samyak mAnA gayA hai / vipakSa meM hetu kA na honA hI nizcita ho' yaha lakSaNa sAdhyAvinAbhAva rUpa hI hai, ataH nizcita rUpeNa sAdhyAvinAbhAva ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa mAnanA cAhie anya lakSaNoM ko mAnane kA koI 133. "sa zyAmaH tatputratvAt itaratatputravat" ityatra sAdhanAbhAse'pi tadbhAvasiddheH |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.45 134. udeSyati zakaTa kattikodayAdityasya pakSadharmatvA'bhAve'pi prayojakatvavyavasthiteH |-prmaannpriikssaa, pa.46 135.dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAra karNakagomi ne kRttikodaya hetu meM kAla yA AkAza ko pakSa banAkara pakSadharmatva ghaTita kiyA hai|- akalaGkagranthatraya, prastAvanA, pR.62 136. bhaviSyacchakaTakRttikodayayoH kAryakAraNabhAvaM sAdhayati |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.46

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228 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA artha nahIM hai / 137 bauddha - pakSadharmatva se asiddha hetvAbhAsa, sapakSa-sattva se viruddha hetvAbhAsa tathA vipakSAsattva se anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kA nirAkaraNa hotA hai / ata : tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie trairUpya hetulakSaNa upapanna hai / 138 vidyAnanda- bauddha kathana ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki hetu ke eka lakSaNa anyathAnupatti ke nizcaya se hI asiddha,,viruddha evaM anaikAntika ina tInoM doSoM yA hetvAbhAsoM kA parihAra ho jAtA hai / jo hetu svayaM asiddha hotA hai usameM anyathAnupapatti niyama kA nizcaya honA saMbhava nahIM hai / anaikAntika evaM viruddha hetuoM meM bhI anyathAnupapannatva ghaTita nahIM hotA hai / anyathAnupapannatva kA hI dUsarA rUpa tathopapannatva hai jisakA artha hai-sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honaa| isa prakAra anyathAnupapatti lakSaNa se hI asiddhAdi doSatraya kA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| yadi pakSadharmatva Adi rUpatraya avinAbhAva niyama kA vistAra hone se hetulakSaNa ho sakate haiM to phira bauddhoM ke dvArA kyoM nahIM naiyAyikoM kI bhAMti pAMcarUpya svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai ? naiyAyika pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva kI bhAMti asatpratipakSatva evaM abAdhitaviSayatva ko bhI hetulakSaNa svIkAra karate haiN| ye pAMcoM rUpa bhI avinAbhAva niyama ke hI vistAra haiM,kintu pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva Adi ke abhAva meM bhI sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka hone se sadhetu ho sakatA hai| ataH yaha vistAra mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / 139 bauddha - pakSadharmatvAdi tIna rUpoM ke hone para hI hetu meM anyathAnupapannatva yA sAdhya ke sAtha pratibandha dekhA jAtA hai isalie tIna rUpa mAnanA Avazyaka hai| vidyAnanda- kAla,AkAza Adi ko bhI phira to avinAbhAva kA vistAra mAnA jA sakatA hai,kyoMki unake hone para hI anyathAnupapannatva dekhA jAtA hai / yadi kAla,AkAza Adi hetu-ahetu meM samAna hone se hetulakSaNa nahIM kahe jA sakate ,to pakSadharmatvAdi meM bhI yaha bAta samAna hai| pakSadharmatva Adi bhI hetu-ahetu meM sAdhAraNa rUpeNa pAye jAte haiM14deg tathA asAdhAraNa svabhAva hI lakSaNa kahA jA sakatA hai,kyoMki vaha vyabhicAra rahita hotA hai,yathA agni kA asAdhAraNa svabhAva uSNatA usakA lakSaNa hai| trairUpya,hetu kA asAdhAraNa svabhAva nahIM hai,kyoMki vaha hetvAbhAsa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai ataH use hetu kA lakSaNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa|141 137. pramANaparIkSA, pR.47-48 138. hetoniSvapi rUpeSu nirNayastena varNitaH / asiddhaviparItArthavyabhicArivipakSataH ||-pramANavArtika 3.15, udata, pramANaparIkSA, pR.48 / 139. pramANaparIkSA, pR.48 140. draSTavya, pramANaparIkSA, pR.48-49 141. asAdhAraNo hisvabhAvo bhAvalakSaNamavyabhicArAdagnerokhaNyavat / naca trairUpyasyAsAdhAraNatA taddhetau tadAbhAse'pi tasya samudbhavAt / tato na tadhetulakSaNaM yuktaM paMcarUpatvAdivat / - tatvArthazlokavArtika, bhAga-3, pR.273

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anumAna pramANa - abhayadevasUri ne bhI bauddha hetulakSaNa para vicAra kiyA hai tathA use asamyak nirdhArita kara 'anyathAnupapannatva' lakSaNa vAle hetu ko samyak siddha kiyA hai| abhayadevasUri kahate haiM ki 'jisa hetu meM sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva hai, usameM trirUpatA avazyambhAvI hai, ataH trairUpya hI hetu kA lakSaNa hai' - bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA asamIcIna hai 'kyoMki 'saba padArtha anekAnta haiM athavA kSaNika haiM, sattva hone se' isa vAkya meM anekAntatA athavA kSaNikatA kI siddhi meM diyA gayA 'sattva hetu' sapakSa rahita hai to bhI vaha apane sAdhya kA gamaka hai| 'dhvani pariNAmI athavA kSaNika hai, zrAvaNa hone se' isa anumAnavAkya meM bhI zrAvaNatva hetu anvaya (sapakSa) rahita hai / anityatA ke binA zrAvaNatva saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki nitya padArtha se zravaNajJAna utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra 'samasta dhUma, agni ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai' isa vyApti sAdhana meM bhI anvaya (sapakSa) saMbhava nahIM hai, aura sapakSa ke siddha hue binA abhimata pradeza meM dhUma se agni kA nizcaya sarvatra asaMbhava hai aura taba kArya evaM svabhAva hetu apane sAdhya ke gamaka nahIM ho sakate / yahAM 'ghaTa nahIM hai, upalabdhilakSaNa prApta ghaTa ke anupalabdha hone se' isa anupalabdhi hetu meM bhI dRSTAnta kA abhAva hone se sapakSa siddha nahIM hai| zazazrRMgAdi kA dRSTAnta dene para to anavasthA doSa kI prasakti hotI hai / 143 1 .142 anvaya (sapakSa) ke binA, avinAbhAva mAtra se hetu ko gamaka mAnate haiM to bauddhoM kA yaha kathana ki " anvaya ke binA vyatireka sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA" khaNDita ho jAtA hai tathA " yaha jIvanayukta zarIra nirAtmaka nahIM hai, prANAdimAn hone se " yaha vyatirekI hetu bhI gamaka siddha hotA hai / 144 229 pakSadharmatva lakSaNa ke abhAva meM bhI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai, yathA-"kala sUryodaya hogA, kyoMki Aja sUryodaya huA hai", "samudra meM jvAra AyA hai, kyoMki candramA kA udaya dikhAI de rahA hai" ityAdi prayogoM meM pakSadharmatA kA abhAva hai tathApi ye hetu apane sAdhya ke gamaka haiN| yadi kAla athavA deza ko unakA pakSa mAnakara pakSadharmatA svIkAra karate haiM to yaha bauddhoM ko abhISTa nahIM hai / 145 abhayadevasUri bauddha tattvamImAMsA ke AdhAra para pakSadharmatva lakSaNa kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki bauddhAbhyupagata hetu meM pakSadharmatA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki sAmAnya ko avasturUpa mAnane ke kAraNa ve zaza zrRMgAdi ke samAna hetu meM pakSadharmatA nahIM mAna sakate, svalakSaNa ko hetu mAnane para to pakSa hI hetu ho jAyegA ataH usameM bhI pacadharmatA saMbhava nahIM hai| svalakSaNa ke anyatra anugama nahIM karane ke kAraNa usameM sapakSa bhI siddha nahIM hotA / 146 jisa rUpa ke anuvAda se hetu kA svarUpa dikhAI detA hai usI kA lakSaNa ke rUpa meM kathana karanA 142. bauddhoM ke anusAra hetu ke tIna bheda hai- 1. kArya 2. svabhAva evaM 3. anupalabdhi / 143. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.590 144. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.591 145. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.591 146. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.591-92

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA caahie| avinAbhAvitva rUpa ke anuvAda mAtra se hetu kA lakSaNa parisamApta ho jAtA hai| isalie pakSadharmatvAdi ko hetu kA lakSaNa kahanA ucita nahIM hai| yadi hetu avinAbhAvI hokara bhI pakSadharmatvAdi ke abhAva meM sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA hai to yaha maMtavya ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha paraspara viruddha hone se vyAhata hotA hai / sAdhya ke binA avinAbhAvitva nahIM hotA hai, jabaki agamakatA sAdhya ke binA bhI saMbhava hai / " 147 'abhayadevasUri ke mata meM sapakSasattva Adi kA jJAna avinAbhAvitva lakSaNa se ho jAtA hai / 148 230 abhayadevasUri yaha bhI spaSTa karate haiM ki sAdhyadeza meM sthita liGga hI sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai / samudra meM dikhAI dene vAlA dhUma vahAM agni kA gamaka nahIM hotA, kyoMki dhUma apane deza meM sthita sAdhya kA hI avinAbhAvI hotA hai, samudrAdi meM nahIM aura isakI pratipatti hetu ke sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva rUpa se hI ho jAtI hai| 149 jainadarzana ke pramukha TIkAkAra prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ne bhI trairUpya kA khaNDana kara nizcita anyathAnupapannatva nAmaka eka lakSaNa vAle hetu kA sthApana kiyA hai, kintu unake graMthoM meM akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda ke tarkoM ko hI bhaMgyantara se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 150 ataH yahAM una para pRthak vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| I hemacandrAcArya kahate haiM ki bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita hetu kA trirUpalakSaNa ayukta hai, kyoMki hetu ke sAtha avinAbhAva nizcita hone se hI asiddha, viruddha evaM anaikAntika doSoM kA parihAra ho jAtA hai / avinAbhAva kA artha hai- sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA na honA / arthAt anyathAnupapannatva hI avinAbhAva hai / vaha avinAbhAva asiddha, viruddha evaM anaikAntika hetvAbhAsoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| trairUpya ke hone para bhI yadi avinAbhAva nahIM ho to hetu sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA hai / yathA- "vaha zyAmavarNa hai, maitra kA putra hone se, maitra ke anya putroM ke samAna" isa vAkya meM maitraputratva hetu pakSa " vaha" meM vidyamAna hai, sapakSa 'maitra ke anya putroM' meM vidyamAna hai tathA vipakSa "maitretara puruSa ke gauraputroM" meM nahIM hai / tathApi yaha hetu saddhetu nahIM hai| arthAt sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hai / ataH hetu kI trirUpatA hone mAtra koI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA hai / yadi vipakSa maitretara puruSa ke putroM se maitratanayatva hetu kI niyamavatI vyAvRtti nahIM hai arthAt maitra ke atirikta puruSa ke bhI putra zyAma varNa ke ho sakate haiM, ataH vaha hetu zyAma varNa bAlaka kA gamaka nahIM hai / 151 to phira bauddha vipakSa se vyAvRtti rUpa avinAbhAva ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa kyoM nahIM mAna 147. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 592 148. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 593 149. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 593 150. draSTavya, nyAyakumudacandra pR. 438-441, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2 pR. 321-328 tathA syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.518 520 151. tulanIya - tasmAn niyamavatorevAnvayavyatirekayoH prayogaH kartavyo yena pratibandho gamyeta sAdhanasya sAdhyena / nyAyavinduTIkA, 2.5, pR.110

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anumAna-pramANa 231 lete haiM ? kyoMki pakSadharmatva evaM sapakSasatva ina rUpadvaya ke hone para bhI vipakSavyAvRtti rUpa ke abhAva meM hetu apane sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA hai, ataH niyamavatI vipakSavyAvRtti rUpa avinAbhAva hI hetu kA pradhAna lakSaNa honA caahie| vipakSa se niyamavatI vyAvRtti ke hone para anya donoM pakSadharmatva evaM sapakSasattva rUpoM kI apekSA kiye binA bhI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka ho jAtA hai / 152 yahAM hemacandra ne niyamavatI vipakSavyAvRtti ko jaina sammata avinAbhAva kA ekArthaka svIkAra kiyA hai| samIkSaNa jaina dArzanikoM dvArA bauddhoM ke rUpya hetu-lakSaNa kI AlocanA kA adhyayana karane para vidita hotA hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ko hetu meM trairUpya ke sadbhAva se koI virodha nahIM hai, kintu trairUpya ko hetu kA lakSaNa mAnane se virodha hai / unake anusAra pakSadharmatva,sapakSasatva evaM vipakSAsattva rUpa trirUpatA kA sadbhAva hetvAbhAsa meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai, isalie isako hetu kA lakSaNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki trirUpatA hetu kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa nahIM hai, kyoMki usake abhAva meM bhI hetu avinAbhAvitva ke kAraNa sadhetu ho sakatA hai| isakI puSTi meM unhoMne aneka udAharaNa diye haiM,yathA "eka muhUrta pazcAt zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya hogA,kyoMki abhI kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya huA hai" isa anumiti vAkya meM kRttikodaya hetu pakSadharmatva rahita hai,tathApita zakaTodaya sAdhya kA avyabhicarita rUpa se gamaka hai| vicAraNIya yaha hai ki pakSadharmatva ke abhAva meM bauddha dArzanika kisI bhI hetu ko sadhetu nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu jainadArzanikoM ne kRttikodaya hetu se zakaTodaya sAdhya kI siddhi kara tathA jalacandra se nabhacandra kI athavA nabhacandra se jalacandra kI anumiti prastuta karake hute meM pakSadharmatA hone kI AvazyakatA ko khaNDita kara diyA hai / kRttikodaya hetu kA pakSa zakaTodaya sAdhya nahIM hotA hai tathA AkAza bhI usakA pakSa nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki vaha anya samasta hetuoM ke lie bhI sAdhAraNa hai| isI prakAra jalacandra dvArA nabhacandra yA nabhacandra dvArA jalacandra kA anumAna bhI pakSadharmatva rahita hai / bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ne kRttikodaya yA zakaTodaya ko prabhaMjana kA kAraNa mAnakara kArya hetu siddha kiyA hai,52 kintu zAntarakSita kRta khaNDana upAdeya,lokavyavahArya evaM vastubhUta nahIM lgtaa| zAntarakSita ne jalacandra se nabhacandra yA nabhacandra se jalacandra ke anumAna ko asat batalAyA hai,kyoMki unake mata meM pratibimba asat hotA hai / 154 152. pramANamImAMsA, pR.40 153. prabhajanavizeSazca kRttikodykaarnnm| yaH sa eva hi santatyA rohiNyAsattikAraNam / / - tattvasaGgraha, 1423 154. (i) sahekA dayAsattvAnna vstuprtibimbkm| tat kathaM kAryatA tasya yuktA cet pAramArthikI ||-tttvsnggrh, 1426 (ii) jaina dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri ne jalacandra se nabhacandra kI anumiti dvArA anya deza meM sthita hetu se anya dezastha sAdhya kI siddhi batalAyI hai, (ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga-2 pR. 35),kintu jala ko nabha, pRthvI Adi kI bhAMti sAdhAraNa hone se pakSa banAnA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| *

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232 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA zAntarakSita dvArA kiye gaye khaNDana evaM jaina dArzanikoM dvArA nirUpita pakSadharmatva kI anAvazyakatA para taTasthatA se cintana kiyA jAya to prazna uThatA hai ki pakSadharmatA ko yadi Avazyaka nahIM mAnA jAyegA to hetu,sAdhya-deza se anyatra bhI sAdhya kI siddhi karane lgegaa| rasoI ghara meM sthita dhUma se parvatastha vahni kI siddhi hone lgegii| __ jaina dArzanika pakSadharmatA ko saMbhavataH hetu kA lakSaNa isalie nahIM mAnate haiM kyoMki pakSa yA dharmI se rahita sAdhya yA dharma kI bhI siddhi avinAbhAvI hetu dvArA hotI huI dekhI gayI hai| kintu jaba sAdhya kA koI pakSa ho to hetu meM pakSadharmatA hone kA jaina dArzanika niSedha nahIM karate haiN| pakSa hone para hetu meM pakSadharmatA honI hI cAhie anyathA hetu evaM sAdhya kI siddhi meM avyavasthA ho jaayegii| jainadArzanika hetu kI sAdhyAvinAbhAvitA se usakI pakSadharmatA ko upapanna kara lete haiM,kyoMki jahAM hetu hogA,vahIM to sAdhya kI siddhi ho sakegI,hetu kA sAdhya ke abhAva meM to avasthAna hotA nahIM hai / isa prakAra pakSa ke hote hue hetu kA pakSa meM honA jaina dArzanikoM ko abhISTa hai, kintu pakSadharmatva ko hetu kA lakSaNa nahIM mAnakara ve pratipAdita karanA cAhate haiM ki pakSAbhAva meM bhI hetu anyathAnupapannarUpa lakSaNa ke kAraNa sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| yahAM para dUsarA prazna yaha uThatA hai ki sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA abhAva honA avinAbhAva hai, kintu kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya zakaTa nakSatra ke udaya ke abhAva meM bhI raha sakatA hai ataH use zakaTodaya kA avinAbhAvI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna yadyapimANikyanandI ne avinAbhAva ke do bheda krama-bhAva evaM sahabhAva karake prastuta kiyA hai,55 tadanusAra kRttikodaya kA zakaTodaya ke sAtha kramabhAva rUpa avinAbhAva hai, kintu sRSTi ke vinAza kAla kI anizcitatA meM Avazyaka nahIM hai ki kRttikodaya ke anantara zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya ho hI / yaha to saMbhava hai ki lokavyavahAra meM vigata anubhavoM ke AdhAra para hama kRttikA ke udaya ko dekhakara eka muhUrta pazcAt kisI anya nakSatra ke udaya kA niSedha kara zakaTa nakSatra ke udaya kI bAta kaha deM,aura vaha bAta avyabhicarita ho / isI saMbhAvanA evaM loka-vyavahAra ke AdhAra para yadi kRttikodaya ko zakaTodaya sAdhya kA gamaka kahA jAya to atyukti nahIM hogI,kintu sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva rUpa hetulakSaNa kI kaThora anupAlanA meM kRttikodaya dvArA zakaTodaya kI gamakatA siddha karanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| yadi avinAbhAva kA artha avyabhicarita honA liyA jAya, jaisA ki dharmottara kI nyAyabinduTIkA meM kahA gayA hai . "avyabhicAraniyamaH avinAbhAvaniyamaH"156 to jainoM dvArA pratipAdita avinAbhAva hetu lakSaNa upapanna ho sakatA hai| sapakSasattva kA khaNDana karate hue jaina dArzanika "anityaH zabdaHzrAvaNatvAt" ke atirikta eka 155. sahakramamAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH / pUrvottaracAriNoH sahabhAvaH kAryakAraNayozca kramamAvaH / - parIkSAmukha, 3.16,18 156. nyAyavinduTIkA, 2.20, pR. 31-32

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anumAna-pramANa 233 hetu aura prastuta karate haiM - 'sarvamanityaM sattvAt' arthAt 'saba padArtha anitya haiM,kyoMki ve sattva haiN'| samasta padArthoM ko pakSa banA lene ke kAraNa sattva hetu kA koI sapakSa nahIM raha jAtA hai, ataH sattva hetu sapakSadharmatA se rahita hai,tathApi yaha bauddhoM ko saddhetu ke rUpa meM mAnya hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki hetu meM sapakSadharmatA kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai / bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita "sapakSa eva sattvam" niyama dvArA yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki hetu sapakSa meM hI honA cAhie,vipakSa meM nhiiN| arthAt jisa hetu kA sapakSa hai to usa hetu ko sapakSa meM hI honA cAhie,kintu jisa hetu kA sapakSa nahIM hotA use sapakSadharmatva ke abhAva meM bhI bauddha dArzanika saMbhavataH saddhetu mAnane kA pratiSedha nahIM karate haiN| yadi ghaTa Adi ko sapakSa banAkara anityatA kI siddhi kI jAtI hai to ghaTa kI anityatA siddha karane ke lie kisI kA sapakSa meM rahanA nizcita rUpa se Avazyaka ho sakatA hai, kintu sapakSAbhAva meM nahIM, isalie jaina dArzanikoM dvArA sapakSasattva ko hetu kA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa nahIM mAnane meM koI doSa pratIta nahIM hotA hai / vipakSa se sarvathA asattva jaba taka pratipAdita na kiyA jAya taba taka vaha bhI jainamata meM hetu kA lakSaNa nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki 'sarvamanityaM sattvAta' Adi aneka aise heta haiM jinameM vipakSAsattva kA abhAva hai,tathApi ve sadhetu haiM ataH vipakSAsattvarUpatA ke abhAva meM bhI jainadarzanAnusAra hetu kathaJcit sAdhya kA gamaka hai / vipakSa meM asattva na hone kA nirdeza jaina dArzanika taba karate haiM jaba kisI hetu ke sAdhya kA vipakSa hI nahIM ho, anyathA unake mata meM sAdhyAvinAbhAva rUpa jo hetulakSaNa hai vaha hetu kA sarvathA vipakSAsattva rUpa honA hI hai / isalie bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita vipakSa se niyamavatI vyAvRtti jainadArzanikoM ko abhISTa hai,kyoMki vaha avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapannatva ko hI dyotita karatI hai| ataH vipakSa se niyamavatI vyAvRtti ko jaina dArzanika hetulakSaNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue dikhAI rUpya ke nirasanArtha jaina dArzanikoM ne eka udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai - 'vaha zyAma varNa hai,usakA putra hone se, usake anya putroM ke samAna (sa zyAmaH tatputratvAt itrttputrvt)|' isa udAharaNa meM 'tatputratvAt' hetu vivAdAdhyAsita putra rUpa pakSa,usake anya putra rUpa sapakSa meM vidyamAna hai tathA anya strI ke gauravarNa putra rUpa vipakSa meM vidyamAna nahIM hai, isa prakAra isameM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva ye tInoM rUpa vidyamAna haiM tathApi sAdhyAvinAbhAva ke na hone ke kAraNa tatputratva hetu asadhetu hai| ullekhanIya hai ki tatputratva hetu ko bauddhoM ne bhI asadhetu batalAyA hai / unake mata meM tatputratva hetu vipakSa meM sarvatovyAvRtta nahIM hai, vaha vipakSa ke ekadeza meM arthAt usa strI ke anya putroM meM bhI vidyamAna ho sakatA hai / vipakSa se sarvato vyAvRtta nahIM hone ke kAraNa vaha hetvAbhAsa hai / dharmottara pratipAdita karate haiM ki hetu kA lakSaNa yaha nahIM hai ki vaha sapakSa meM rahatA hai evaM vipakSa meM nahIM rahatA hai| hetu kA lakSaNa to yaha hai ki hetu sapakSa meM hI nizcita rUpa se rahatA hai tathA vipakSa meM usakA na rahanA hI nizcita hotA hai / arthAt vaha vipakSa ke eka deza meM bhI nahIM raha sktaa| yadi hetu kA sapakSa meM rahanA evaM vipakSa meM na rahanA hI hetu lakSaNa mAnA jAya to tatputratvAt' hetu bhI saddhetu siddha ho jAya,

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234 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kintu tatputratva hetu sadhetu nahIM hai, isalie hetulakSaNa meM niyamavAn anvaya-vyatireka kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai jisase sAdhana kA sAdhya ke sAtha pratibaMdha jJAta ho / ' 157. sAdhana kA bauddha dArzanikoM ne sAdhya ke sAtha svabhAva-pratibaMdha yA avinAbhAva svIkAra kiyA hai, jisase sAdhana avyabhicarita rUpa se sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai 1 158 nyAyadarzana meM bhI tatputratva hetu ko aupAdhika saMbaMdha ke kAraNa asad hetu yA hetvAbhAsa mAnA gayA / zAkapAkajanyatva upAdhi ke kAraNa tatputratva hetu zyAmavarNa bAlaka kI siddhi nahIM kara sakatA / sAdhya ke sAtha liGga kA svAbhAvika sambandha hone para hI liGga ko sAdhya kA gamaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 159 nyAyadarzana meM prayukta 'svAbhAvika-sambandha' zabda bauddhadarzana ke 'svabhAva-pratibandha' evaM jainadarzana ke " avinAbhAva sambandha" kA ekArthaka pratIta hotA hai| arthAt nyAya evaM bauddha darzana meM bhI jainadarzana kI bhAMti sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI hetu ko hI sAdhya kA gamaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dharmakIrti kA spaSTa pratipAdana hai ki avinAbhAva niyama ke kAraNa hetu tIna prakAra kA hai, avinAbhAva niyama ke abhAva meM ve hetuoM ko hetvAbhAsa pratipAdita karate haiM / trairUpya kA samApana ve avinAbhAvaniyama meM hI mAnate haiM / nyAyadarzana meM jayanta bhaTTa bhI pAMcarUpya meM avinAbhAva kahate haiM - " eteSu paJcasu lakSaNeSu avinAbhAvo liGgasya parisamApyate / " isase siddha hotA hai ki avinAbhAva ke abhAva meM koI bhI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA, isalie jainadArzanikoM ne saMkSeparuci se use hI hetulakSaNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapannatva ko hetu lakSaNa svIkAra kara sUjha pUrNa kArya kiyA hai, kintu yaha lakSaNa niSedhAtmaka hai| isakA vidhiparaka yA sakArAtmaka pakSa tathopapannatva hai, jisake anusAra sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA phalita hotA hai, aura taba pakSa evaM sapakSa ke svIkAra karane kA bhI prazna uThane lagatA hai| bauddhoM dvArA nirUpita trairUpya lakSaNa avinAbhAva ke vidhiparaka rUpa evaM usakI bAhya sImA kA nibandhana bhI prastuta karatA hai| | hetu-bheda 160 hetu-lakSaNa meM bhinnatA hone ke phalasvarUpa bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM hetu-bhedoM ke pratipAdana meM bhI antara hai| bauddha dArzanika hetu ke tIna prakAra svIkAra karate haiM / (1) svabhAva (2) kArya evaM (3) anupalabdhi / hetu-bhedoM kA yaha pratipAdana bauddhoM kI apanI dena hai, kyoMki inake pUrva nyAya vaizeSika, mImAMsA Adi darzanoM meM svabhAva evaM anupalabdhi ko hetu-bhedoM meM sthAna nahIM milA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM dvArA nirUpita hetuoM se bhinna pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara evaM kAraNa hetuoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai, jo unakI apanI dena hai| bauddha nirUpita hetu-bhedoM kA bhI unhoMne apane hetu-bhedoM 157. nyAyabinduTIkA 2.5, pR.110 158. svabhAvapratibandhe hi satyartho'rthaM gamayet / tadapratibaddhasya tadavyabhicAra-niyamAbhAvAt / - 159. draSTavya, kezavamizra, tarkabhASA, anumAnanirUpaNa / 160. (1) trirUpANi ca trINyeva liGgAni / anupalabdhiH svabhAvaH kAryaM ceti / - nyAyabindu, 2.10-11 (2) pakSadharmastadaMzena vyApto hetustridhaiva saH / - hetubindu, pR. 52, pramANavArtika, 3.1 - nyAyabindu, 2.19-20

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anumAna pramANa meM samAveza kara liyA hai, tathA anupalabdhi ke bhedoM kA pratipAdana karate samaya kucha vaiziSTya pradarzita kiyA hai, jisa para Age vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki jaina dArzanika hetu-bhedoM kA pratipAdana karate samaya bauddhoM se bhI prabhAvita haiM, kintu isameM bhI sandeha nahIM ki unhoMne hetu-bhedoM ke nirdhAraNa meM bhAratIyadarzana ko naI dena dI hai| aba bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM pratipAdita hetuoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| bauddhadarzana meM hetu-bheda bauddhoM ke anusAra svabhAva, kArya evaM anupalabdhi hetuoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra haisvabhAva hetu - hetu kI sattA mAtra se jaba sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai to use svabhAva hetu kahate haiM / svabhAva hetu kA udAharaNa hai - "yaha vRkSa hai, ziMzapA hone se" / 161 kAryahetu- kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna kAryahetu hai| isakA udAharaNa hai - "yahAM agni hai, kyoMki dhUma hai" / dhUma agni kA kArya hai ataH dhUma ke dvArA agni kA anumAna kArya hetu dvArA hotA hai / 162 anupalabdhi hetu - upalabdhi ke yogya lakSaNa vAlA hone para bhI jaba koI artha dikhAI nahIM detA hai to usakI anupalabdhi kA jJAna anupalabdhi hetu dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| dharmakIrti ne isakA udAharaNa diyA hai- "pradeza vizeSa meM ghaTa nahIM hai, kyoMki upalabdhi ke yogya lakSaNa hone para bhI vaha upalabdha nahIM ho rahA hai" | 163 bauddhoM kA anupalabdhi hetu ke pIche tarka yaha hai ki usa ghaTa kI upalabdhi ke anya samasta kAraNa vidyamAna hone para svabhAvavizeSa se use upalabdha honA cAhie, kintu jaba anya jJAnajanaka kAraNoM ke vidyamAna hone para svabhAvavizeSa se bhUtalAdi to upalabdha hote haiM, kintu ghaTa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai to anupalabdhi hetu se usakA vahAM anupalambha jAnanA caahie| 235 svabhAva,kArya evaM anupalabdhi nAmaka tIna hetuoM meM prathama do vidhisAdhaka haiM tathA anupalabdhi hetu pratiSedha sAdhaka hai| anupalabdhi ke hetu-bindu meM tIna, pramANavArtika meM cAra, nyAyabindu meM gyAraha evaM mokSAkaragupta kI tarka bhASA meM solaha bheda pratipAdita haiN| bindu meM pratipAdita anupalabdhi ke tIna prakAra ye haiM- 164 (1) kAraNAnupalabdhi- kAraNa ke abhAva se kArya kI anupalabdhi / (2) vyApakAnupalabdhi - vyApaka ke abhAva se vyApya kI anupalabdhi / (3) svabhAvAnupalabdhi - dRzya kI anupalabdhi hI svabhAvAnupalabdhi hai / 161. svabhAvaH svasattAmAtra bhAvini sAdhyadhameM hetuH / yathA vRkSo'yaM zizapAtvAd iti / nyAyabindu 2.15-16 162. kArya yathA vahniratra dhUmAditi :- nyAyabindu, 2.17 163. tatrAnupalabdhiryathA- na pradezavizeSe kvacid ghaTaH upalabdhilakSaNaprAptasyAnupalabdheriti / - nyAyabindu 2.12 164. seyamanupalabdhistridhA / siddhe kAryakAraNabhAvasya siddhA bhAvasya kAraNasyAnupalabdhiH vyApyavyApakabhAvasiddhau siddhAbhAvasya vyApakasyAnupalabdhiH svabhAvAnupalabdhizca / - hetubindu pR.68

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236 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pramANavArtika meM nimna cAra bheda pratipAdita haiM / 165 (1) viruddhopalabdhi - yathA - "yahAM zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki agni vidyamAna hai|" vyApakaviruddhopalabdhi kA kathana bhI isake dvArA kara diyA gayA hai| (2) viruddhakAryopalabdhi - yathA - "yahAM zItasparza nahIM hai,kyoMki dhUma hai|" (3) kAraNAnupalabdhi - "yahAM dhUma nahIM hai,kyoMki anupalabdha hai"| (4) svabhAvAnupalabdhi - "yahAM dhUma nahIM hai,kyoMki anupalabdha hai"| nyAyabindu meM anupalabdhi hetu ke prayoga-bheda se gyAraha prakAra nirUpita haiM166 . (1) svabhAvAnupalabdhi - isameM pratiSedhya ke svabhAva kI anupalabdhi rahatI hai,yathA - "yahAM dhUma nahIM hai,kyoMki upalabdhilakSaNa prApta dhUma kI anupalabdhi hai|" (2) kAryAnupalabdhi - isameM pratiSedhya artha ke kArya kI anupalabdhi rahatI hai,yathA - "yahAM dhUma utpanna hone ke abAdhita samartha kAraNa nahIM haiM,kyoMki yahAM dhUma kA abhAva hai|" (3) vyApakAnupalabdhi - isameM pratiSedhya vyApya ke vyApaka dharma kI anupalabdhi rahatI hai,yathA - "yahAM zizapA nahIM hai,kyoMki vRkSa nahIM hai|" (4) svabhAvaviruddhopalabdhi - isameM pratiSedhya ke svabhAva se viruddha kI upalabdhi pAyI jAtI hai, yathA - "yahAM zItasparza nahIM hai,kyoMki agni hai|" ___(5) viruddhakAryopalabdhi - pratiSedhya se viruddha ke kArya kI upalabdhi / yathA - "yahAM zItasparza nahIM hai,kyoMki dhUma hai|" (6)viruddhavyApsopalabdhi-pratiSedhya ke viruddha se vyApta dharmAntara kI upalabdhi,yathA - "utpanna vastu kA bhI vinAza dhruvabhAvI nahIM hai,kyoMki vaha hetvantara kI apekSA rakhatI hai|" ___(7) kAryaviruddhopalabdhi-pratiSedhya ke kArya ke viruddha kI upalabdhi,yathA "yahAM zIta ko utpanna karane vAle abAdhita evaM samartha kAraNa nahIM haiM,kyoMki vahni hai|" (8) vyApakaviruddhopalabdhi - pratiSedhya ke vyApaka ke viruddha kI upalabdhi,yathA yahAM tuSAra sparza nahIM hai,kyoMki vahi hai| (9) kAraNAnupalabdhi - pratiSedhya ke kAraNa kI anupalabdhi / yathA, "yahAM dhUma nahIM hai, kyoMki vahni kA abhAva hai|" (10)kAraNaviruddhopalabdhi- pratiSedhya ke kAraNa ke viruddha kI upalabdhi / yathA- "isa puruSa ke zItakRta romaharSAdi nahIM hai,kyoMki samIpa meM agnivizeSa jala rahI hai|" (11)kAraNaviruSkAyopalabdhi-pratiSedhya ke kAraNa ke viruddha kArya kI upalabdhi,yathA- "yaha pradeza romaharSAdi se yukta puruSa vAlA nahIM hai,kyoMki yahAM dhUma hai|" 15. viruddha kAryavoH siTirasiditupAvayoH / dRsvAtmanorabhAvArthAnupalabdhizcaturvidhaH ||-prmaannvaartik, 3.4 166. sA ca prayogabhedAd ekAdazaprakArA / - nyAyabindu, 2.30

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anumAna pramANa mokSAkaragupta viracita tarkabhASA meM 16 bheda nirUpita haiM / 167 nyAyabindu meM nirUpita bhedoM se nimnAGkita vizeSa haiM - 1. svabhAvaviruddha kAryopalabdhi - pratiSedhya ke svabhAva se viruddha ke kArya kI upalabdhi, yathA "yahAM tuSArasparza nahIM haiM, kyoMki dhUma hai| " 237 2. kAryaviruddhakAryopalabdhi - pratiSedhya ke kArya se viruddha ke kArya kI upalabdhi, yathA- "yahAM para zIta ke abAdhita evaM samartha kAraNa nahIM haiM, . kyoMki dhUma hai / " 3. vyApakaviruddhakAryopalabdhi - pratiSedhya ke vyApaka ke viruddha ke kArya kI upalabdhi, yathA"yahAM tuSArasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma hai / " 4. svabhAvaviruddhavyAptopalabdhi - pratiSedhya ke svabhAva ke viruddha se vyApta kI upalabdhi, yathA"yahAM agni nahIM hai, kyoMki tuSArasparza hai|" 5. vyApaka viruddhavyAptopalabdhi - pratiSedhya ke vyApaka ke viruddha se vyApta kI upalabdhi / yathA"yaha nitya nahIM hai, kyoMki kadAcit kArya ko utpanna karatA hai|" jainadarzana meM hetu-bheda jainadArzanikoM ne bauddhoM se bhinna rUpa meM hetu-bheda prastuta kiye haiN| ve hetu ke mUlataH upalabdhi evaM anupalabdhi do bheda karake donoM ko vidhi evaM niSedha kA sAdhaka mAnate haiN| 168 ve bauddhoM ke isa mata kA khaNDana karate haiM ki anupalabdhihetu kevala niSedha yA abhAva sAdhaka hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne pUrvacara, uttaracara evaM sahacara hetuoM kI navIna udbhAvanA kI hai tathA kAraNahetu ko bhI hetu ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| jainadarzana meM sthAnAnasUtra meM hetu ke cAra bheda pratipAdita haiM- 169 1. vidhividhi - jisameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM sadbhAvarUpa hoN| 2. vidhiniSedha - jisameM sAdhya vidhirUpa evaM sAdhana niSedharUpa ho / 3. niSedhavidhi - jisameM sAdhya niSedharUpa aura hetu vidhirUpa ho / 4. niSedha - niSedha - jisameM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM niSedha rUpa hoN| ina hetuoM ko mANikyanandI evaM vAdidevasUri ne naye nAma die haiM,170 yathA - (1) aviruddhopalabdhi (2) viruddhAnupalabdhi (3) viruddhopalabdhi aura (4) aviruddhAnupalabdhi / darabArI lAla koThiyA ne sthAnAMga sUtra ke cAra hetu-bhedoM 167. tarka bhASA (mokSAkara), pR. 16-18 168. (1) satpravRttinimittAni svasambandhopalabdhayaH / tathA sadvyavahArAya svabhAvAnupalabdhayaH / sadavRttipratiSedhAya tadviruddhopalabdhayaH // - pramANasaGgraha, 29-30 (2) sa hetudvedhA upalabdhyanupalabdhibhedAt / upalabdhirvidhipratiSedhayoranupalabdhizca :- parIkSAmukha, 3.57-58 (3) upalabdhirvidhiniSedhayoH siddhinibandhanamanupalabdhizca / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.55 169. athavA heU cauvvihe pannatte taM jahA- atthi taM atthi so heU, atthi taM Natthi so heU, Natthi taM atthi so heU, Natthi taM Natthi so heU / - sthAnAMgasUtra, sUtra 339 170 draSTavya, parIkSAmukha 3.53-85 evaM pramANanayatattvAloka 3.67-93

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238 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA ko ye hI paravartI nAma die haiM / 171 bhaTTa akalaGkadeva ne sAdhyAvinAbhAvitA ke bala para(1) svabhAva,(2) kArya,(3) kAraNa,(4)pUrvacara, (5) uttaracara evaM (6) sahacara ina chaha hetuoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 172 pUrvacara,uttaracara evaM sahacara ko hetu rUpa meM pratiSThApita karanA akalaGka kI viziSTa dena hai / 173 pramANasaGgraha meM akalaGka ne vibhinna hetuoM kA sodAharaNa saMkalana kiyA hai, yathA - svabhAvopalabdhi, svabhAvakAryopalabdhi, svabhAvakAraNopalabdhi, sahacaropalabdhi, sahacarakAraNopalabdhi, svabhAvAnupalabdhi, kAryAnupalabdhi, kAraNAnupalabdhi,svabhAvasahacarAnupalabdhi - svabhAvaviruddhopalabdhi Adi / 17" isake sAtha akalaGka yaha darzita karanA cAhatehaiM ki hetu ke aneka bheda ho sakate haiN| ____ akalaGkane svabhAva evaM kAryahetu kA svarUpa bauddhoM ke samAna hI pratipAdita kiyA hai tathA kAraNa, pUrvacara,uttaracara evaM sahacara hetuoM meM bhI sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvitva siddha kara unheM saddhetu ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yahAM kAraNa,pUrvacara,uttaracara evaM sahacara hetuoM kA svarUpa diyA jA rahA hai| kAraNa hetu - kAraNa se kArya kA jJAna karanA kAraNahetu kahA gayA hai / yathA, vRkSa se chAyA kA jJAna 175 yA candra se jala meM par3ane vAle pratibimba kA jJAna / 176 yaha dhyAtavya hai ki apratibaMdha sAmarthya yukta kAraNa hI hetu ke rUpa meM mAnya hotA hai| pUrvacara hetu - jaba sAdhya aura sAdhana meM kramabhAva ho tathA ve paraspara kAryakAraNabhAva rUpa na hoM, to unameM pUrvabhAvI ko sAdhana mAnakara anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ,to use pUrvacara hetu kahA jAtA hai,kyoMki usase pazcAdbhAvI sAdhya ko siddha kiyA jAtA hai / yathA - eka muhUrta pazcAt zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya hogA,kyoMki abhI kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya hai|577 yahAM kRttikAnakSatra,zakaTanakSatra ke udaya kA pUrvacara hetu hai| uttaracara hetu- kramabhAvI sAdhya-sAdhanoM meM jaba pazcAdbhAvI ko hetu evaM pUrvabhAvI ko sAdhya mAnakara anumAna kiyA jAtA hai to vaha hetu uttaracara hetu kahalAtA hai / yathA - "eka muhUrta pUrva bharaNi kA udaya ho cukA hai,kyoMki abhI kRttikA kA udaya hai|" yahAM kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya bharaNi ke udaya kA uttaracara hetu hai| sahacara hetu - sAdhya evaM sAdhana kA jaba sahabhAva ho tathA kisI eka se dUsare kA anumAna kiyA 171. jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAnavicAra pR. 24 172. siddhivinizcayavRtti , 6.9,15,16 . 173. kumArila ke mImAMsA zlokavArtika meM pUrvacara hetu kA saMketa nimnAGkita udAharaNa se avazya milatA hai, yathA "kRttikodayamAlakSya rohiNyAsattiklRptivat" -zlokavArtika, anumAnapariccheda ,13 174. vistRta vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya, pramANasaGgraha, 29-31, 175. na hi vRkSAdiH chAyAdeH svabhAvaH kAryaM vA / na cAtra visaMvAdo'sti / - laghIyastrayavRtti, 12 176. candrAderjalacandrAdipratipattistathAnumA / - laghIyastraya, 13 177. bhaviSyatpratipadyeta zakaTaM kRttikodayAt / zva Aditya udeteti grahaNaM vA bhaviSyati |-lghiiystry, 14

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anumAna pramANa jAya to sahacara hetu kA prayoga hotA hai| yathA - tarAjU ke eka palar3e ko Upara uThA huA dekhakara dUsare par3e ke nIce jhukane kA anumAna / 178 akalaGka dvArA pratipAdita ina hetu-bhedoM ko uttaravartI vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri, ra, hemacandra Adi samasta dArzanikoM ne apanAyA hai tathA unheM sadhetu ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiyA hai, kintu inako sadhetu svIkAra karanA kahAM taka ucita hai, isa sambandha meM Age vicAra kiyA jAyegA / vidyAnanda ne vividha prakAra se hetu bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / sAdhya ke sAtha hetu kA avinAbhAvitva lakSaNa hone se ve use eka prakAra kA kahate haiM tathA upalambha (vidhisAdhana) evaM anupalambha (pratiSedha sAdhana) ke bheda se use do prakAra kA svIkAra karate haiM / 179 kArya, kAraNa evaM kAryakAraNa ke bheda se ve vidhi evaM niSedha sAdhana ke tIna-tIna prakAra mAnate haiN| 180 ve bhUta-bhUta, bhUta- abhUta, abhUta-bhUta tathA abhUta abhUta ke bheda se hetu ko cAra prakAra kA bhI pratipAdita karate haiM / 181 bhUta-bhUta Adi cAra bhedoM ke ve aneka bheda pratipAdita karate haiM, 182 yathA 239 bhUta-bhUta (vidhi sAdhana) ke 6 bheda - (1) kAryahetu (2) kAraNahetu (3) vyApyahetu (4) sahacara hetu (5) pUrvacarahetu evaM (6) uttaracara hetu / abhUta- bhUta (vidhi dvArA pratiSedha ko siddha karanA) ke 6 bheda - (1) viruddha kArya hetu (2) viruddhakAraNa (3) viruddhavyApya (4) viruddha sahacara (5) viruddha pUrvacara, evaM (6) viruddhottaracara hetu / abhUta-bhUta ke 16 bheda - paramparA se kArya, kAraNa, vyApya evaM sahacara hetuoM ke cAra-cAra bheda karane se inake 16 bheda bhI abhUtabhUta ke antargata Ate haiN| ye 16 bheda haiM - (1) kAraNaviruddhakArya (2) vyApakaviruddha kArya (3) kAraNavyApakaviruddha kArya (4) vyApakakAraNaviruddha kArya (5) kAraNaviruddhakAraNa (6) vyApakaviruddha kAraNa (7) kAraNavyApakaviruddha kAraNa (8) vyApakakAraNaviruddha kAraNa (9) kAraNaviruddha vyApya (10) vyApakaviruddha vyApya (11) kAraNavyApakaviruddhavyApya (12) vyApakakAraviruddha vyApya (13) kAraNaviruddha sahacara (14) vyApakaviruddha sahacara (15) kAraNavyApakaviruddha sahacara (16) vyApakakAraNaviruddha sahacara / isa prakAra6 sAkSAt-virodhI aura 16 paramparA virodhI, kula 22 bheda abhUta-bhUta (pratiSedhasAdhaka vidhi) hetu ke haiM 1 178. parasparAvinA bhUtau nAmonnAmau tulAntayoH / - siddhivinizcaya, 6.15 179. tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.13.209-10 180. pramANaparIkSA, pR.49 evaM 50 181. vaizeSika darzana meM maharSi kaNAda ne bhUta-bhUta, bhUta-abhUta evaM abhUta-bhUta ina tIna prakAra ke hetuoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / ata: 'abhUta abhUta' nAmaka cauthA bheda vidyAnanda kI maulika dena hai| 182. pramANaparIkSA, pR.49-55

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240 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA bhUta-abhUta - pratiSedha hetu dvArA vidhi yA sadbhAva ko siddha karanA - (1) viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi (2) viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi (3) viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi (4) viruddhshcraanuplbdhi| abhUta-abhUta - abhAva rUpa sAdhya ko pratiSedha hetu se siddha karanA - (1) kAryAnupalabdhi (2) kAraNAnupalabdhi (3) vyApakAnupalabdhi (4) sahacarAnupalabdhi (5) pUrvacarAnupalabdhi (6) uttaracarAnupalabdhi / isI prakAra kAraNa-kAraNAnupalabdhi,vyApakavyApakAnupalabdhi Adi paramparA pratiSedha sAdhaka pratiSedha hetu bhI ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra vidyAnanda ke mata meM aneka hetu ho sakate haiM,tathApi unhoMne 38 hetu-bhedoM ko sodAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| inake udAharaNa yahAM para vistAra bhaya se nahIM diye gaye haiN| vidyAnanda ke pazcAt mANikyanandI ne hetu-bhedoM para vizeSa cintana kara unheM vyavasthita rUpa diyA hai|183 mANikyanandI ne prArambha meM hetu ke do mUla bheda svIkAra kiye haiM - (1) upalabdhi aura (2) anuplbdhi| ina donoM bhedoM kA ullekha akala(85 evaM vidyAnanda 86 ke dvArA bhI kiyA gayA hai| akalaGka pUrNataH una bhedoM ke AdhAra para vivecana nahIM karate tathA vidyAnanda ne inheM svIkAra karate hue bhI bhUta-bhUta, bhUta-abhUta Adi hetu bhedoM ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| ataH mANikyanandI ko upalabdhi evaM anupalabdhi bhedoM ko mahattva dene vAlA prathama jaina dArzanika kahA jA sakatA hai / prabhAcandra laghuanantavIrya, devasUri, hemacandra Adi uttaravartI dArzanikoM ne mANikyanandI kA anusaraNa kiyA mANikyanandI ne upalabdhi evaM anupalabdhi donoM bhedoM ko vidhi evaM niSedha-sAdhaka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / ataH ve pratyeka ke do-do bheda karate haiM,yathA - upalabdhihetu-(1) aviruddhopalabdhi (vidhisAdhaka) evaM (2) viruddhopalabdhi (niSedha saadhk)| anupalabdhihetu-(1) aviruddhAnupalabdhi (2) viruddhaanuplbdhi| inameM aviruddhopalabdhi ke 6, viruddhopalabdhi ke 6, aviruddhAnupalabdhi ke 7 tathA viruddhAnupalabdhi ke 3 bheda karake mANikyanandI ne hetu ke kula 22 bhedoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / 187 inheM vAdI devasUri Adi ke dvArA AdRta hone se yahAM saMkSepa meM sodAharaNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA haiaviruddhopalabdhi (vidhisAdhaka vidhi hetu) ke 6 bheda (1) aviruddha vyApyopalabdhi - sAdhya se aviruddha vyApya kA sadbhAva / yathA - "zabda 183. draSTavya, parIkSAmukha, 3.53-3.89 / / 184. sa hetuadhopalabdhyanupalabdhibhedAt / - parIkSAmukha, 3.53 185. draSTavya pramANasaGgraha meM pratipAdita bhedoM meM upalabdhi evaM anupalabdhi zabdoM kA prayoga, pramANasaGgraha, 29-31 186. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 179 187. draSTavya, parIkSAmukha, 3.55-3.85

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anumAna pramANa pariNamanazIla hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai|" yahAM kRtakatva hetu vyApya hai tathA apane sAdhya pariNAmitva ko siddha karatA hai / (2) aviruddha kAryopalabdhi- sAdhya se aviruddha kArya kA sadbhAva / yathA- "isa dehI meM buddhi hai, kyoMki isameM buddhi ke kArya vacanAdika haiN|" yahAM para buddhi sAdhya hai tathA usakA avirodhI kArya vacanAdi hetu hai / 241 (3) aviruddha kAraNopalabdhi- sAdhyAvirodhI kAraNa kA sadbhAva / yathA - "yahAM chAyA hai, kyoMki chatra hai / " yahAM chAyA sAdhya kA avirodhI chatra kAraNa hetu hai / (4) aviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi yathA- "eka muhUrta pazcAt zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikA kA udaya huA hai|" yahAM kRttikAnakSatra kA udaya zakaTanakSatra ke udaya kA pUrvacara hetu 1 - (5) aviruddhottaracaropalabdhi - yathA- "eka muhUrta pUrva bharaNi kA udaya ho cukA hai, kyoMki abhI kRttikA kA udaya huA hai|" yahAM kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya bharaNi ke udaya ko siddha karane meM uttaracara hetu hai / (6) aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi- yathA -" isa Ama meM rUpa hai, kyoMki rasa hai / " yahAM rasa, rUpa sAdhya kA sahacara hetu hai / viruddhopalabdhi (niSedhasAdhaka vidhi) hetu ke 6 bheda - (1) viruddha vyApyopalabdhi - sAdhya ke virodhI vyApya kA sadbhAva / yathA - "yahAM zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki uSNatA hai|" (2) viruddhakAryopalabdhi - isameM pratiSedhAtmaka sAdhya ke virodhI kArya kA sadbhAva hotA hai| yathA - "yahAM zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma hai / " (3) viruddhakAraNopalabdhi - yathA "isa prANI meM sukha nahIM hai, kyoMki isake hRdaya meM zalya hai|" (4) viruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi - yathA- " eka muhUrta ke pazcAt rohiNI nakSatra kA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki abhI revatI kA udaya hai|" revatI nakSatra azvinI kA pUrvacara hai| (5) viruddhottaracaropalabdhi - yathA "eka muhUrta pUrva bharaNi kA udaya nahIM huA hai, kyoMki abhI puSya nakSatra kA udaya huA hai|" puSya nakSatra punavarsu kA uttaracara hotA hai| (6) viruddhasahacaropalabdhi - yathA- " isa bhitti meM parabhAga kA abhAva nahIM hai, kyoMki arvAgbhAga dikhAI de rahA hai| " aviruddhAnupalabdhi (vidhi-sAdhaka niSedha) hetu ke 7 bheda (1) aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi - yathA- "isa bhUtala para ghaTa nahIM hai, kyoMki upalabdhilakSaNa vAlA

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242 hone para bhI vaha upalabdha nahIM hai|" - (2) aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi yathA "yahAM zizapA nahIM hai, kyoMki vRkSa kI anupalabdhi hai / " zizapA kA vRkSatva ke sAtha vyApya-vyApaka bhAva hai| vRkSa vyApaka hai, ziMzapA vyApya hai, ataH vRkSa ke abhAva meM ziMzapA nahIM ho sakatA / (3) aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi yathA- "yahAM apratibaddha (abAdhita) sAmarthya vAlI agni nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma upalabdha nahIM hai|" jo kArya karane meM anupahata zakti vAlA hai use apratibaddha sAmarthya yukta kahA jAtA hai / bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA * (4) aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi - yathA - "yahAM ghUma nahIM hai, kyoMki agni nahIM hai|" agni, dhUma kA kAraNa hai, ataH agni ke abhAva meM dhUma nahIM ho sakatA / (5) aviruddha pUrvacarAnupalabdhi - yathA- " eka muhUrta pazcAt zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya nahIM huA hai|" (6) aviruddha uttaracarAnupalabdhi- yathA- "eka muhUrta pahale bharaNa kA udaya nahIM huA hai, kyoMki abhI kRttikA kA udaya nahIM huA hai| " (7) aviruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi - yathA- "tarAjU meM eka palar3A U~cA nahIM hai, kyoMki dUsarA palar3A jhukA huA nahIM hai| viruddhAnupalabdhi (vidhisAdhaka niSedha) hetu ke 3 bheda (1) viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi- sAdhya se viruddha artha ke kArya kA asadabhAva / yathA - "isa prANI meM vyAdhivizeSa hai, kyoMki nirAmaya ceSTA nahIM hai| nirAmaya ceSTA kA na honA hetu hai tathA vyAdhivizeSa sAdhya / (2) viruddha kAraNAnupalabdhi yathA "isa prANI meM duHkha hai, kyoMki iSTa ke saMyoga kA abhAva hai|" iSTa ke saMyoga kA abhAva hetu hai tathA duHkha sAdhya hai / * 188. draSTavya, pramANanayatattvAloka 3.67-3.109 - (3) viruddha svabhAvAnupalabdhi - yathA "vastu anekAntAtmaka hai, kyoMki usakA eka svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hai / " vAdidevasUri ne bhI mANikyanandI dvArA pratipAdita hetu bhedoM kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kintu ve mANikyanandI se tIna hetubhedoM kA nirUpaNa adhika karate haiN| mANikyanandI dvArA jahAM kula 22 bhedoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, vahAM vAdidevasUri dvArA 25 bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / 188 ve jina tIna bhedoM kA pratipAdana adhika karate haiM ve haiM -

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anumAna-pramANa 243 (1) svabhAva viruddhopalabdhi - yathA - "sarvathA ekAnta nahIM hai, kyoMki anekAnta kI upalabdhi hotI hai|" isameM sAdhya ke viruddha svabhAva hetu kI upalabdhi hai| (2) viruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi - yathA - "yahAM chAyA hai,kyoMki uSNatA kI upalabdhi nahIM hai|" isameM chAyA sAdhya hai tathA uSNatA kI anupalabdhi usakA hetu hai| (3) viruddha sahacarAnupalabdhi - yathA - "isa puruSa kA jJAna mithyA hai,kyoMki isake samyagdarzana kA abhAva hai|" yahAM mithyAjJAna sAdhya hai tathA usake virodhI sahacara hetu samyagdarzana kA abhAva hai / yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki mANikyanandI ke parIkSAmukha meM jahAM viruddha vyApyopalabdhi bheda diyA gayA hai,vahAM vAdideva ke pramANanayatatvAloka meM viruddha vyAptopalabdhi bheda milatA hai / usakA udAharaNa hai - "isa puruSa ko tattvanizcaya nahIM hai,kyoMki isako saMdeha hai|" / __ AcArya hemacandra ne hetu ke pAMca bheda prastuta kiye haiM,jokaNAda 89evaM dharmakIrti9deg se prabhAvita haiN| pAMca bheda haiM - (1)svabhAva (2) kAraNa (3) kArya (4) ekArthasamavAyI aura (5)virodhii|91 inameM svabhAva,kAraNa,kArya evaM ekArthasamavAyI hetu vidhisAdhaka haiM tathA virodhI hetu niSedha sAdhaka hai / jaina dArzanika pariprekSya meM ekArthasamavAyI evaM virodhI hetu navIna haiM / dRSTa yA adRSTa eka hI padArtha meM jo hetu samavAyI rUpa se sAdhya ke sAtha rahatA hai vaha ekArthasamavAyI kahalAtA hai,yathA - eka hI phala meM rahe hue rUpa evaM rasa meM,zakaTodaya evaM kRttikodaya meM,candrodaya evaM samudravRddhi meM,vRSTi evaM aNDoM se yukta pipIlikAoM ke kSobha meM,nAgavallIdAha evaM patrakotha meM ekArthasamavAyI hetu hotA hai| yahAM dhyAtavya hai ki hemacandra ne akalaGka praNIta pUrvacara, uttaracara evaM sahacara hetuoM kA samAveza ekArthasamavAyI hetu meM kara liyA hai / virodhI hetu pratiSedhya sAdhya yA pratiSedhya sAdhya ke kArya,kAraNa aura vyApaka se viruddha hotA hai athavA viruddha kA kArya hotA hai,yathA- yahAM zItasparza nahIM hai ,kyoMki agni hai.zIta sparza nahIM hai.kyoMki apratibaddha sAmarthyavAle zIta ke kAraNa nahIM haiN.aadi|192 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hemacandrAcArya ne anupalabdhi hetu ko virodhI hetu ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| samIkSaNa * hetu-bhedoM ke nirUpaNa meM bauddha dArzanikoM kI yaha maulikatA hai ki unhoMne hI bhAratIya darzana meM sarvaprathama svabhAva evaM anupalabdhiko hetu-bhedoM meM sthAna diyA / anupalabdhi yA abhAva ko mImAMsA dArzanikoM ne eka pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai,jabaki bauddha dArzanika abhAva kA jJAna anupalabdhi hetu dvArA karake abhAva -pramANa kA antarbhAva anumAna meM kara lete haiN| svabhAvahetu bauddhoM kA nayA pratipAdana hai,jise jaina dArzanikoM ne apanAyA hai| 189. saMyogisamavAyyekArthasamavAyi virodhi ca - vaizeSikasUtra , 3.1.8 190.anupalabdhiH svabhAvaH kAryaJceti / - nyAyabindu, 2.11 191. svabhAvaH kAraNaM kAryamekArthasamavAyi virodhi ceti paMcadhA sAdhanam |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 1.2.12 192. pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.12,pR.42-45

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244 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA . jaina dArzanikoM para hetu-bheda nirUpaNa meM bauddhoM kA prabhAva rahA hai / yahI nahIM,apitu jaina dArzanikoM ne nyAya, mImAMsA, vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM vidyamAna hetuoM kA bhI apane hetu-bhedoM meM yathAzakya samAveza kara liyA hai| kAraNa hetu kA pratipAdana nyAya evaM sAMkhya darzana meM pratipAdita pUrvavat hetu kA hI saMzodhita rUpa hai| pUrvacarahetu kI kalpanA saMbhavataH mImAMsA darzana meM pratipAdita "kRttikodayamAlakSya rohiNyAsattiklRptivat 112 vAkya ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| pUrvacara ke samAna uttaracara evaM sahacara hetuoM ke bheda kI kalpanA jaina dArzanikoM kI apanI dena hai| vidyAnanda dvArA vaizeSika darzana meM pratipAdita bhUta-bhUta, bhUta-abhUta Adi bhedoM ko tathA hemacandra ke dvArA ekArthasamavAyI,virodhI Adi hetuoM ko apanAyA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana meM pratipAdita kevalAnvayI, kevalayatirekI evaM anvaya vyatirekI hetu jainadarzana meM praveza karate hue dikhAI nahIM diye| bauddha dArzanikoM ne svabhAva,kArya evaM anupalabdhi ina tIna hetu-bhedoM kA sthApana karane ke anantara inakI saMra yA meM koI vRddhi nahIM kI,kintu jainadArzanika hetu ke adhikAdhika bheda karane kI ora pravRtta rahe / yaha avazya hai ki bauddha dArzanikoM ne anupalabdhi hetu ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA meM nirantara vRddhi kI hai / ve anupalabdhi hetu ke tIna, cAra,gyAraha evaM solaha bheda taka pratipAdita karate haiM / jaina dArzanika akalaGka ne hetu ke aneka udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, kucha hetuoM ke nAma bhI liye haiM, kintu unhoMne hetu-saMkhyA ko sImA meM Abaddha nahIM kiyA, phalataH uttaravartI dArzanikoM dvArA hetu -saMkhyA meM unmukta vRddhi kI jAtI rahI / vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI evaM vAdidevasUri dvArA hetu ke mUla rUpa se upalabdhi evaM anupalabdhi do bheda karanA tathA donoM ke aviruddha evaM viruddha rUpa se do-do bheda kara aneka upabheda pratipAdita karanA unakI apanI sUjha-bUjha hai , kintu upalabdhi evaM anupalabdhi ke rUpa meM vibhAjana Adi ke preraNA-srota saMbhava hai akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda ke sAtha dharmakIrti ke graMtha bhI rahe hoM ,kyoMki dharmakIrti ke pratipAdana se mANikyanandI evaM vAdidevasUrikRta vibhAjana meM paryApta sAmya hai| bauddha dArzanika jahAM svabhAva evaM kArya hetu ko vidhisAdhaka tathA anupalabdhi hetu ko niSedhasAdhaka rUpa meM pratipAdita karate haiM,vahAM jaina dArzanika samasta hetuoM ko vidhi evaM niSedha sAdhaka ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM,jo jainadArzanikoM kI apanI maulika dena hai tathA vaha bauddha-pratipAdana se ullekhanIya vaiziSTya rakhatI hai| pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara evaM kAraNa hetu kA pratipAdana bhI jainadArzanikoM ko bauddhoM se pRthak karatA hai / jainoM dvArA sthApita viziSTa hetu aba una viziSTa hetuoM kI carcA kI jAyegI jinako jainadArzanikoM ne bauddha-mAnyatA ke viruddha pRthak hetuoM ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai / ve hetu haiM- kAraNa,pUrvacara,uttaracara evaM shcr| kAraNa hetu bauddha dArzanika svabhAva,kArya evaM anupalabdhi ke atirikta caturtha hetu svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, 193. zlokavArtika, anumAnapariccheda. 13

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anumAna-pramANa 245 ataH unake mata meM 'kAraNa' nAmaka hetu svIkRta nahIM hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddha mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue kAraNa' ko hetu rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai / akalaGka, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandra ke graMthoM meM kAraNa hetu para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / vAdidevasUri ne kAraNa hetu ke sambandha meM bauddha mata ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM upasthApita kiyA hai,use upayogI samajhakara yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai tathA usake anantara jainamatAnusAra kAraNa hetu ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| pUrvapakSa- kAraNa kA kArya ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai| isalie kAraNa kArya rUpa sAdhya kA sAdhana yA hetu nahIM ho sktaa| "nA'vazyaM kAraNAni kAryavanti bhavanti"194 arthAt kAraNa Avazyaka rUpa se kArya ko utpanna nahIM karate haiM / isalie kAraNa mAtra kA hetu honA yukta nahIM hai / vinAza,pratibaMdha (bAdhA) Adi se usameM vyabhicAra bhI dekhA jAtA hai| aneka kAraNa kArya ko binA utpanna kiye hI naSTa ho jAte haiM tathA aneka kAraNoM se kArya kI utpatti meM bAdhA AtI hai / jisase kArya kI utpatti avazya ho ,aise kAraNa vizeSa kA nirNaya vidvAna vyakti bhI nahIM kara sktaa| yaha dekhA jAtA hai ka pracaNDa evaM vidyut se camakane vAle bAdala bhI varSA kiye binA hI uparama ho jAte haiN| yadi antyadazAvartI kAraNa hI liGga rUpa se aMgIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to usameM vyApti kA smaraNa karane ke samaya hI kArya pratyakSa ho jAtA hai, ataH taba anumAna vyartha siddha hotA hai / 195 uttarapakSa-akalaGka ddhArA bauddhamata kA sIdhA khaNDana nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu unhoMne kAraNa' ko hetu ke rUpa meM sthApita karane ke lie aneka kAraNa hetuoM ke udAharaNa diye haiM, yathA-vRkSa se chAyA kA jJAna, candramA se jala meM par3ane vAle pratibimba kA jJAna Adi / akalaGkakA mata hai ki vRkSAdi se chAyA kA jJAna hone meM koI visaMvAda nahIM hai,tathA vRkSAdi chAyA ke jJAna meM na svabhAva hetu haiM aurana kAryahetu / vRkSAdi to chAyA ke kAraNa haiM / 196 kAraNa hote hue bhI unase avisaMvAda rUpa se chAyA kA jJAna hotA hai, isalie vRkSAdi kAraNoM ko bhI hetu mAnanA cAhie / candramA se jala meM par3ane vAle pratibimba kA jJAna bhI avyabhicarita rUpa se hotA hai, ata: use bhI kAraNa hetu mAnanA caahie|197 bauddha mantavya kA nirasana kara kAraNa ko hetu rUpa meM pratiSThita karane kA mahanIya kArya vidyAnanda ne kiyA hai / vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki viziSTa jalada kI unnati dekhakara varSA kA anumAna hotA hai tathA vRkSa yA chatrAdi ko dekhakara chAyAvizeSa kA anumAna hotA hai / isalie kAraNa ko hetu mAnanA cAhie / samasta anukUla kAraNa hetu' nahIM hote haiM, kintu jo kAraNa kArya ko utpanna karane meM samartha hote haiM, jinakA sAmarthya pratibaMdhita nahIM hotA hai ve kAraNa hI hetu hote haiM / bauddha-sammata antyakSaNa bhI vidyAnanda ke mata meM kAraNa hetu nahIM hai,kyoMki usake agrima kSaNa meM kArya ho jAne se anumAna vyartha ho jAtA 194. tulanIya- "nAvazyaM kAraNAni tadvanti bhavanti", pramANavArtika, (svavRtti) , pR. 3 195. syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.586 196. na hi vRkSAdiH chAyAdeH svabhAvaH kArya vA / na cAtra visaMvAdo'sti |-lghiiystryvRtti, akalaGkagranthatraya, pR.5 197. candrAdelacandrAdipratipattistathA'namA |-lghiiystry,13

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246 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hai| vidyAnanda kAraNa hetu ko lokavyavahAra ke lie upayogI mAnate haiM, isalie unakA kathana hai ki kAraNa hetu kA lopa hone para tRpti Adi kAryoM kI siddhi ke lie AhAra Adi kAraNoM kI pravRtti rUpa samasta khyAta vyavahAra kA lopa ho jaayegaa| AhAra Adi kAraNa se tRpti rUpa kArya kA anumAna lokavyavahAra meM prasiddha hai| 198 dharmakIrti ne samagra hetu se kArya kI utpatti ke anumAna kA vAkya kahA hai,99 vaha bhI kAraNa hetu ko hI siddha karatA hai| bauddha dArzanika yadi isameM arthAntara kI apekSA nahIM hone ke kAraNa ise svabhAva hetu kahate haiM 20deg to yaha upayukta nahIM hai,kyoMki isa prakAra kAryahetu ko bhI svabhAva hetu mAnane kA prasaMga AtA hai / 201 ____ mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri para vidyAnanda kA prabhAva hai / mANikyanandI ne vidyAnanda ke mata ko hI saMkSepa meM prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki jainadarzana meM vahI kAraNa hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo apratibaMdhita yA abAdhita sAmarthya se yukta hotA hai evaM anya sahakArI kAraNoM se bhI yukta hotA hai| samasta kAraNoM ke milane para abAdhita sAmarthya vAlA kAraNa kArya kA gamaka hotA hI hai| rasa se eka sAmagrI meM rUpa kA anumAna karane vAle bauddhoM ko bhI kAraNa hetu iSTa hI hai / 202 mANikyanandI ne kAraNa hetu kA udAharaNa diyA hai-'astyatra chAyA chatrAt"203 arthAt yahAM chAyA hai kyoMki chatra hai / chatra chAyA kA kAraNa hai, ataH dhUpa meM khule hue chAte ko dekhakara anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usake nIce chAyA hai| bauddhoM kA mantavya hai ki kArya-kAraNa bhAva ke siddha hone para kArya hI kAraNa kA gamaka hotA hai kyoMki kArya kA hI kAraNa ke sAtha avinAbhAva hai / kAraNa kArya kA gamaka nahIM hotA,kyoMki kAraNa kA kArya ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hotaa| prabhAcandra ne bauddha mantavya kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki kArya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAva rakhane vAlA kAraNa bhI kArya kA gamaka hotA hai,yathA chAtA Adi viziSTa kAraNoM se chAyA Adi kAryoM kA anumAna hotA dekhA jAtA hai / vidyAnanda ke samAna prabhAcandra spaSTa kahate haiM ki anukUlatA rUpa kAraNa ko kAraNa hetu nahIM mAnA gayA hai aura na hI antyakSaNa prApta kAraNa ko kAraNa hetu mAnA gayA hai,kyoMki inameM avinAbhAva kI vikalatA saMbhava hone se vyabhicAra dekhA jA sakatA hai / mANikyanandI dvArA prastuta tarka ko hI prabhAcandra Age bar3hAte hue kahate haiM ki bauddhoM ke dvArA bhI AsvAdyamAna rasa se usakI janaka sAmagrI kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai tathA sAmagrI 198. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.218-223 199. hetunA yaH samagreNa kAryotpAdo'numIyate |-prmaannvaartik, 3.7 200. arthAntarAnapekSatvAt sa svabhAvo'nuvarNitaH |-prmaannvaartik, 3.7 201. kAryasthApi svabhAvatvaprasaMgAdavizeSataH / tattvAryazlokavArtika, 1.13.226 202. rasAdekasAmadhyanumAnena rUpAnumAnamicchamiriSTameva kiMcitkAraNaM heturyatra sAmarthyApratibandhakAraNAntarAvaikalye / -parIkSAmukha, 3.56 203. parIkSAmukha, 3.63

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anumAna-pramANa 247 ke anumAna se usake rUpa kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai|204 sajAtIya rUpakSaNa anya sajAtIya rUpa kSaNa ko utpanna karatA huA hI vijAtIya rasAdi anya kSaNa kI utpatti meM samartha hotA hai,anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra eka sAmagrI ke anumAna se rUpa kA anumAna karane vAle bauddhoM ko bhI aisA kAraNa hetu abhISTa hI hai jo abAdhita sAmarthya vAlA ho tathA kAraNAntaroM se yukta ho|205 vAdidevasUri kahate haiM ki saugatoM ko bhI kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna abhISTa hai,jaisAki dharmakIrti ke hetunA yaH samapreNa kAryotpAdo'numIyate' (pramANavArtika,37) vAkya se jJAta hotA hai| bauddha-jisase utpanna hotA hai vaha utpAda hai| utpAda kA artha yahAM yogyatA hai| utpanna karane kI yogyatA hI yahAM anumeya hai / vaha yogyatA vastu se bhinna nahIM hotIhai ataH vaha svabhAva hetu hai,kAraNa hetu nhiiN| dharmakIrti kA kathana hai ki arthAntara kI apekSA nahIM hone se kArya ko utpanna karane kI yogyatA rUpa kAraNa ko svabhAva hetu kahA gayA hai| 206 vAdidevasUri-rAtri meM AsvAdyamAna AmAdi phala ke rasa rUpa kArya hetu se usako utpanna karane vAlI sAmagrI kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| tadanantara usa kAraNa hetu rUpa sAmagrI se rUpalakSaNa kArya kA anumAna hotA hai / 20deg pUrva rUpalakSaNa anya sajAtIya rUpalakSaNa kArya ko utpanna karatA hai isa prakAra rUpa kA anumAna karane vAle bauddhoM ke dvArA kAraNa ko hetu rUpa svIkAra kara hI liyA gayA hai / 208 kyoMki bauddhamata meM pUrva rUpalakSaNa (svalakSaNa) anya sajAtIya rUpalakSaNa ko avyabhicarita rUpa se utpanna karatA hai / anyathA rasa ke samAna kAla meM hone vAle rUpa kI pratipatti saMbhava nahIM hai| vAdideva ne bhI vidyAnanda kI bhAMti anukUla mAtra evaM antyakSaNa meM prApta kAraNa ko liGga mAnane kA niSedha kiyA hai,kyoMki maNimantrAdi dvArA anukUla kAraNa ke sAmarthya meM bAdhA utpanna hone para athavA kAraNAntara ke vikala hone para kArya meM vyabhicAra utpanna ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra antyakSaNa ke anantara dvitIyakSaNa meM kArya kA pratyakSa ho jAne se anumAna nirarthaka ho sakatA hai| vAdideva ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki kArya ke sAtha avinAbhAvI rUpa se nizcita evaM viziSTa unnata meSAdi hI varSA Adi kArya ke hetu hote haiN| jisa kAraNa ke sAmarthya meM nizcita rUpa se bAdhA utpanna na ho tathA kAraNAntara kI vikalatA na ho usI kAraNa kA liGga honA jaina mata meM svIkRta hai anya kA nahIM / vidyAnanda ke samAna vAdideva kahate haiM ki yadi kAraNa hetu svIkAra nahIM kareMge to tRpti Adi ke lie bhojanAdi meM bhI pravRtti nahIM hogI,phalasvarUpa samasta vyavahAra kA uccheda ho jaayegaa| 204. tulanIya, ekasAmagyadhInasya rUpAde :sato gatiH / - pramANavArtika, 3.9 205. draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 389-90 206. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa,209 207.tamasvinyAmAsvAdyamAnAdAmAdiphalarasAdekasAmanyanumityA rUpAdyanumitimabhimanyamAnarabhimatameva kimapi kAraNaM hetutayA yatra zaktepratiskhalanamaparakAraNasAkalya-pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.70 208. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa,204 -

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248 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ataH kArya ke samAna kAraNa bhI vyApti sadbhAva se hetu hI hai / 209 vAdideva ne bauddhoM ke isa kathana kA khaNDana kiyA hai ki kAraNa vizeSa kA nizcaya vipazcit puruSa bhI nahIM kara sakatA / vAdideva kahate haiM ki sunipuNa pramAtA kAraNa vizeSa kA nizcaya kara sakatA hai| jisa prakAra kAryagata vizeSa kA abhyAsa se avadhAraNa karake nipuNa puruSa kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna karate haiM,usI prakAra kAraNagata vizeSa kA avadhAraNa karake bhI ve kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna karate haiN|21deg kyoMki kAraNa kA anupalambha hone para jisa prakAra kArya kA anupalambha ho jAtA hai usI prakAra bodhya ke abhyAsa se kArya kA anupalambha bhI kAraNa ke anupalambha kA jJAna karAtA hai| ___ bauddhoM ke isa maMtavya kA ki akANDa ADambara karane vAle pracaNDa bAdala bhI aneka bAra nahIM barasate haiM,vAdidevasari nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki bauddhoM kA kathana pralApa mAtra hai,kyoMki viziSTa unnati Adi dharma samUha se yukta bAdala rUpa kAraNa kA nikaTa kAla meM hone vAlI varSA rUpa kArya se avyabhicAra dekhA jAtA hai| jina bAdaloM kA tUphAna Adi se vidhvaMsana ho jAtA hai una bAdaloM kA varSA se yadi vyabhicAra pAyA jAtA hai to una bAdaloM ko vAdidevasUri bhI varSA rUpa kArya kA gamaka nahIM kahate haiM |unkaa kathana hai ki eka sthAna para kAraNa kA kArya se vyabhicAra prApta hone para sarvatra vyabhicAra batalAnA parIkSakapuruSoM ke lie ucita nahIM hai, anyathA samasta anumAna vyavahAra ke pralaya kA prasaGga AtA hai / gopAlaghaTikA ke dhUma se agni ke sAtha vyabhicAra prApta hone para yadi sarvatra dhUma kA agni ke sAtha vyabhicAra mAna liyA jAya to parvata kI kandharA meM vidyamAna dhUma se bhI agni kA anumAna nahIM ho skegaa| bauddhoM ne samagra hetu se kArya kI utpatti kahate hue bhI yogyatAnumAna se use svabhAva hetu meM antarbhUta kiyA hai, vaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| sAdhya evaM sAdhana kA ekAnta tAdAtmya svIkAra karane para svabhAvAnumAna saMbhava nahIM hai,kyoMki loka samagra kAraNa se kArya kA hI anumAna karatA hai, yogyatA kA nahIM / 211 hemacandra ne bhI kAraNa hetu kI siddhi meM pUrvavartI vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra Adi kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| hemacandra kA kathana hai ki kAraNa ko hetu svIkAra kiye binA kArya meM pravRtti nahIM hotI / samasta kAryArthI puruSa kAraNa vizeSa ko dekhakara hI kArya meM pravRtta hote haiM / 212 vASpa yA mazakoM kI bAtI ke rUpa meM sandigdha dhUma kA nizcita jJAna usake kAraNa agni dvArA hI hotA hai| isI prakAra varSA kA anumAna viziSTa meghonnati se hotA huA dekhA gayA hai / hemacandra bhI usI kAraNa ko sadhetu mAnate haiM jo nizcita rUpa se kArya kA janaka ho,jisakI zakti mantrAdi se bAdhita na ho tathA jisameM kAraNAntaroM 209. syAdvAdaralAkara, pR.587 210.syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.588 211. syAdvAdaralAkara pR.588-89 212. kAraNavizeSAddhi sarvaH kAryArthI pravartate |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, vRtti 1.2.12, pR. 42

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anumAna-pramANa 249 kI vikalatA na ho|213 samIkSaNa jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa' ko hetu rUpa meM mukhyataHlokavyavahAra ke kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai,tathA ve samasta anukUla kAraNoM ko hetu kI saMjJA nahIM dete haiM, apitu usI kAraNa ko hetu rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM jo nizcita rUpa se kArya ko utpanna karatA hai, jisameM kArya ko utpanna karane kA sAmarthya bAdhita nahIM hotA hai,tathA kAraNAntaroM ke sahakAra ko bhI jisameM vikalatA nahIM hotI hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kAraNa ko hetu rUpa meM pratiSThita karanA loka-vyavahAra ke lie upAdeya ho sakatA hai, tathA vaha adhikatara pravRttizIla puruSoM ke vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA bhI kara sakatA hai, kintu kAraNa kA kArya kI utpatti ke sAtha avinAbhAva siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kAraNa,kArya abhAva meM raha sakatA hai tathA aneka kAraNa kArya ko utpanna kiye binA virAma bhI pA sakate haiN| isalie kAraNa ko hetu mAnanA avyabhicarita nahIM kahA jA sakatA,tathApi jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa ko hetu siddha karate hue usake sAtha ve saba zarte lAgU kara dI haiM,jo use hetu ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara sakeM / isa bAta kA pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki aneka bAra kAraNa se avyabhicarita kArya kA jJAna hotA hai,aura hama isalie una kAraNoM meM pravRtta hote haiM jo hamArA abhISTa kArya sampanna kara sakeM / yathA-davA rUpa kAraNa kA upayoga karake hama bImArI ko samApta karanA cAhate haiM, aura aneka bAra avyabhicarita rUpa se bImArI dUra bhI ho jAtI hai, kintu yaha koI nizcitatA nahIM hai ki hara bAra amuka davA se amuka roga dUra ho hI jAya / aise udAharaNa bhI dekhane meM Aye haiM, jinameM kAraNa avyabhicarita rUpa se kArya ko utpanna karatA hai,yathA- 'dUdha mIThA hai,kyoMki isameM nizcita mAtrA meM cInI milAI gaI hai|' 'gubbArA Upara ur3egA,kyoMki isameM hAiDrojana gaisa bharI gayI hai|' 'pratikriyA hogI kyoMki kriyA haI hai|' kriyA kI pratikriyA hone kA vaijJAnika siddhAnta avyabhicarita rUpa se vijJAna jagat meM mAnya ho gayA hai,jo eka prakAra se kAraNa hetu kA hI rUpa hai / __ samartha kAraNa ke kadAcit hetu hone kA pratiSedha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kiyA jA sakatA,kintu jainadarzana meM pratipAdita hetu-lakSaNa ke sAtha usakA sAmaJjasya nahIM baiTha pAtA,kyoMki jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra hetu sAdhya ke abhAva meM nahIM rahatA hai,jabaki kAraNa,kArya kI utpatti na hone taka usake abhAva meM raha sakatA hai, isalie kAraNa ko hetu mAnane meM spaSTataH sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAvitA rUpa lakSaNa kA ullaMghana hotA huA dikhAI detA hai,jo vicAraNIya hai| pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetu jaina dArzanikoM ne kramabhAva-avinAbhAva ke AdhAra para sAdhya kI samyak pratipatti karAne vAle pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetuoM ko bhI pratiSThita kiyA hai / jaina dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki do vastuoM 213. pramANamImAMsA, pR. 42-43

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250 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ke udayAdi kA jaba koI nizcita krama ho to unameM pUrvabhAvI vastu dvArA pazcAdbhAvI vastu kA pUrvacara hetu ke rUpa meM tathA pazcAdbhAvI vastu dvArA pUrvabhAvI vastu kA uttaracara hetu ke rUpa meM kramabhAva-avinAbhAva ke kAraNa nizcita evaM samyak jJAna hotA hai / yathA-kRttikodaya se zakaTodaya kA jJAna pUrvacara hetu kA tathA kRttikodaya se bharaNi ke udaya kA jJAna uttaracara hetu kA udAharaNa hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetu ko pRthak hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| prajJAkaragupta ne unheM kArya hetu meM sammilita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai,kintu jainadArzanika mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri unake isa maMtavya kA khaNDana karate hue pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetu ko pRthak hetuoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiN| bauddha dArzanikoM ke anusAra tAdAtmya rUpa avinAbhAva se svabhAvahetu evaM tadutpatti rUpa avinAbhAva se kArya hetu phalita hotA hai,kintu mANikyanandI kahate haiM ki pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetuoM meM tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hai,kyoMki inameM kAla kA vyavadhAna hai / ataH inakA svabhAva evaM kAryahetuoM meM antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / 14 prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra bhaviSya meM utpanna hone vAle zaMkha nAmaka cakravartI ke kAla meM asadbhUta (bhUtakAlIna) rAvaNAdi kA tAdAtmya yA tadutpati sambandha nahIM ho sakatA,usI prakAra zakaTa nakSatra ke udaya kAla meM athavA usake anantara kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya nahIM hotA / ataHinameM tAdAtmya athavA tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hai / tAdAmya sambandha samakAlIna kRtakatva evaM anityatva Adi meM hotA hai| tathA agni evaM dhUma Adi ke samAna paraspara avyavahita kAla meM rahane vAle padArthoM meM tadutpatti sambandha ho sakatA hai,kAla se vyavahita padArthoM meM nahIM,anyathA atiprasaMga hogaa|215 Age prabhAcandra ne prajJAkara kA maMtavya dekara usakA nirasana kiyA hai, yathAprajJAkara-bhAvI rohiNI yA zakaTa kA udaya kRtikodaya kA kArya hai,ataHrohiNI kA udaya kAryarUpa se kRttikodaya kA gamaka hone ke kAraNa kAryahetu meM antarbhUta ho jaayegaa| pramAcandra-bharaNI kA udaya ho cukA,kyoMki abhI kRttikA kA udaya hai, isakA anumAna kaise hogA? yadi bharaNI kA udaya bhI kRttikodaya kA kAraNa hai,ataH kRtikodaya se bharaNI kA anumAna ho jAyegA to yaha saMbhava nahIM hai,kyoMki jisa svabhAva dvArA bharaNI kA udaya hone se kRttikA kA udaya huA,usI svabhAva se yadi zakaTa (rohiNI) kA udaya hone se kRttikA kA udaya huA hai,aisA mAnegeM to bharaNI ke udaya ke bAda jisa prakAra kRttikA kA udaya hotA hai usI prakAra zakaTa ke udaya ke bAda bhI kRttikA kA udaya honA cAhie tathA jisa prakAra rohiNI ke udaya se pUrva kRttikA kA udaya hotA hai, usI prakAra bharaNI ke udaya se pUrva bhI kRttikA kA udaya honA caahie| yadi atIta evaM anAgata kAraNoM kA eka 214. na ca pUrvottaracAriNostAdAtmyaM tadutpatti kAlavyavadhAne tadanupalabbeH / parIkSAmukha, 3.57 215. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2,pR.391

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anumAna-pramANa 251 kArya meM vyApAra svIkAra karate haiM to isa prakAra AsvAdyamAna rasa kA hetu atIta kA rasa athavA bhAvI rUpa ho jAyegA / taba vartamAna evaM atIta rUpa kI pratIti nahIM hogI evaM dharmakIrti kA yaha kathana bhI ayukta ho jAyegA ki "atIta evaM vartamAna kAlIna padArthoM (sAdhyoM) kA hI kArya hetu dvArA bodha hotA hai na ki anAgatoM kaa|216 yadi kRttikodaya rUpa hetu bharaNI-udaya aura rohiNI udaya meM se kisI eka kA kArya hai to phira bharaNI evaM rohiNI udaya meM se kRttikAhetu dvArA eka kA hI jJAna hogaa|217 __ bauddha isa sambandha meM yaha tarka dete haiM ki kAla se vyavahita kAryakAraNa rUpa padArtha bhI upalabdha hote haiN| nidrA ke anantara atIta jAgradodha rahatA hai tathA maraNAdi asadbhUta hote hue bhI ariSTa (mRtyu sUcaka lakSaNa) Adi kArya ko karate haiM arthAta maraNabhAvIkAla meM hone vAlA hai aura usakA ariSTa (mRtyu sUcaka lakSaNa) rUpa kArya pahale hotA hai,ataH kAraNa bAda meM evaM kArya pahale bhI dekhA gayA hai| ataH kArya hetu se hI kAraNa kA anumAna hotA hai / isa AzaMkA kA mANikyanandI21"prabhAcandra 19 evaM vAdidevasUri ne nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| yahAM vAdideva kRta nirAkaraNa prastuta hai| vAdidevasUri bauddha maMtavya kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki atIta kI jAgarita avasthA kA jJAna suptottarakAlabhAvI vartamAna ke prati kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki ye donoM kAraNa vyavahita hone se vyApAra rahita haiM / vyApAra pUrvaka kArya ke prati koI padArtha kAraNa banatA hai| jisa prakAra ki kulAla kI ghaTa ke prati kAraNatA savyApAra hai| sarvatra kAryakAraNabhAva anvaya-vyatireka pUrvaka hotA hai aura anvayavyatireka kArya ke kAraNavyApAra kI apekSA rakhane para hI hote haiN| jisa prakAra ki kumbha apanI utpatti meM kumbhakAra ke vyApAra kI apekSA rakhatA hai / anAgata maraNa evaM atIta jAgraddazA kA kramazaH ariSTa evaM vartamAna jAgaraNa ke prati vyavahita hone se kAraNa honA upayukta nahIM,yadi phira bhI kAraNa mAnA jAya to atiprasakti hogii| paramparA se vyavahita anya padArthoM ko bhI phira kisI kArya ke prati kAraNa banane se nahIM rokA jA sktaa|220 bauddha prazna karate haiM ki ariSTa aura bhAvI maraNa meM kAryakAraNa bhAva kisa prakAra ho jAtA hai? prabhAcandra isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki avinAbhAva se eka ko dekhakara dUsare kA jJAna hotA hai| tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti lakSaNa vAle pratibandha meM bhI avinAbhAva se hI jJAna hotA hai / avinAbhAva ke abhAva meM tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti sambandha ke rahate hue bhI vaktRtva evaM tatputratva hetu asarvajJatva evaM zyAmatva rUpa sAdhya ke gamaka nahIM hote / tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti nahIM hone para bhI kevala avinAbhAva se kRttikodaya hetu jisa prakAra rohiNI ke udaya kA jJAna karAtA hai, usI prakAra candrodaya hetu se 216. atItakakAlAnAM gatirnA'nAgatAnAM vyabhicArAt / - pramANavArtika (svavRtti), 12, pR. 5 217. draSTavya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2,pR.392-93 218. bhAvyatItayomaraNajAdodhayorapi nAriSTododhI prati hetutvam / tadvyApArAzritaM hi tad bhAvapAvitvam / - parIkSAmukha, 3.62-63 219. prameyakamalamArtaNDa bhAga-2, pR.394-398 220. pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.68-71

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252 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadaSTi se samIkSA samudravRddhi kA,udgRhItANDakapipIlikotsarpaNa (aNDe grahaNa kara cIMTiyoM ke gamana hetu) se bhAvI varSA kA jJAna hotA hai / 221 samIkSaNa pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetuoM kA sthApana jaina dArzanikoM kI sAMvyavahArika dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| Aja bhI hama, Aja ravivAra hone se, kala hone vAle somavAra kA tathA bIte hue zanivAra kA anumAna kara lete haiM / yaha pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetuoM kA prayoga hai / kucha ghaTanAoM ke ghaTita hone kA jaba nizcita krama ho evaM usa krama se ghaTanA nizcita rUpa se ghaTita huI ho yA hone vAlI ho to pUrvacara evaM uttara hetuoM kA upayoga nizcita rUpa se upAdeya hai| mausamavijJAna kI jAnakArI, siganala se Trena Ane kI jAnakArI pUrvacara hetu dvArA hI nirdhArita hotI hai| uttaracara hetu bhI isI prakAra dainika upayoga meM AtA rahatA hai / kintuM pUrNa tArkika dRSTi se hetu-lakSaNa kA vicAra kiyA jAya to pUrvacara evaM uttaracarahetuoM meM sAdhyAvinAbhAvitA siddha nahIM kI jA sakatI,kyoMki pUrvacara hetu meM to hetu sAdhya ke pUrva hone se,usake abhAva meM bhI rahatA hai,kintu sAMvyavahArika dRSTi se kramabhAvI avinAbhAva svIkAra kara pUrvacara Adi ko heturUpa meM aGgIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / sahacara hetu sahacara hetu ko bhI jaina dArzanikoM ne svabhAva, kArya evaM anupalabdhi se pRthak hetu siddha kiyA hai| akalaGka ne 'tulA ke eka palar3e ke Upara uThane se usake dUsare palar3eke jhukane kA anumAna 'candrAdi ke arvAgbhAga ko dekhakara usake parabhAga kA anumAna' Adi anumiti ke aneka aise udAharaNa diye haiM jo sahacara hetu kI upAdeyatA ko prastuta karate haiM / 222 mANikyanandI evaM vAdidevasUri ne Amraphala meM rasa se rUpa kI anumiti ko sahacara hetu kA udAharaNa batalAyA hai / 223 / / mANikyanandI ne sahacara hetu kI pRthaktA pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki sahacArI sAdhya evaM sAdhana meM bhI tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti sambandha nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ye sahacArI paraspara kA parihAra karake avasthita rahate haiM tathA sAtha utpanna hote haiN|224 tAdAtmya sambandha hone para svabhAva hetu tathA tadutpatti sambandha hone para kAryahetu mAnA jA sakatA hai ,anyathA nahIM / isalie sahacara hetu eka bhinna hetu hai / prabhAcandra ne mANikyanandI ke kathana ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki jo paraspara parihArapUrvaka 221. (1) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR.397 (2) pipIlikotsaraNa, matsyavikAra Adi se varSA Adi ke anumAna ko dharmakIrti ne kArya hetu mAnA hai / draSTavya, pramANavArtika,(svavRtti), 12, pR.5 222. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 127 evaM 129 223.(1) astyatra mAtuliMge rUpaM rasAt / - parIkSAmukha, 3.66 (2) astIha sahakAraphale rUpavizeSa; samAsvAdyamAnarasavizeSAt, iti sahacarasya / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.82 224.(1) sahacAriNorapi parasparaparihAreNAvasthAnAtsahotpAdAcca |-priikssaamukh , 3.60 (2) vAdidevasUri kahate haiM- sahacAriNoH parasparasvarUpaparityAgena tAdAtmyAnupapatteH sahotpAdena tadutpattivipattezca sahacarahetorapi prokteSu naanprveshH|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.76

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anumAna pramANa avasthita rahate haiM unameM tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / yathA ghaTa evaM paTa parihAra pUrvaka avasthita rahate haiM, ata: unameM tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra sahacArI sAdhyasAdhana meM bhI tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM hotA / inameM tadutpatti sambandha bhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki ye samAna kAla meM utpanna hote haiM / jinake utpanna hone kA kAla eka hai unameM tadutpatti sambandha nahIM banatA, jaise gAya ke dAMye evaM bAMye sIMga ke sAtha utpanna hone se unameM tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hotA / bauddha kahate haiM ki AsvAdana meM A rahe rasa se sAmagrI kA anumAna hotA hai / usa sAmagrI ke anumAna se rUpa kA anumAna hotA hai / ataH yaha anumitAnumAna hone se asat hai / prabhAcandra ne isakA pratyuttara dete hue kahA hai ki aise vyavahAra kA abhAva hai / AsvAdyamAna rasa se vyavahAra karane vAle puruSa sAmagrI kA anumAna nahIM karate, apitu rasa ke samakAla meM rahane vAle rUpa kA anumAna karate haiM / bauddhoM ne bhI 'prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa' se vyavahAra kA prAmANya aMgIkAra kiyA hai, ataH vyavahAra ko adhika mahattva denA cAhie / 253 prabhAcandra bauddhoM ke prati nayA prazna khar3A karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi sAmagrI se rUpa kA anumAna honA svIkAra karate haiM to phira kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna honA siddha ho jAtA haiM, phalasvarUpa trisaMkhyAtmaka hetu meM vyAghAta utpanna ho jAtA hai, aura bauddhamata meM kAraNahetu ko bhI svIkRti mila jAtI hai / 225 samIkSaNa pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetuoM kI bhAMti sahacara hetu kI mAnyatA bhI jaina dArzanikoM kI laukikavyavahAra ke prati sajagatA evaM vyApaka dRSTikoNa ko iMgita karatI hai| dainandina jIvana meM sahacara tu se aneka bAra anumiti hotI rahatI hai| sikke ke eka pahalU ko dekhakara dUsare pahalU kA anumAna, tara pUrvabhAga ko dekhakara pazcAt bhAga kA anumAna, eka cAvala ko pakA dekhakara anya cAvaloM ke pakane kA anumAna sahacara hetu ke hI udAharaNa haiN| bauddhoM dvArA mAnya hetuoM para bhI jaina dArzanikoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| svabhAva, kArya evaM anupalabdhi hetuoM ko jaina dArzanikoM ne mAnya to kiyA hai, 226 kintu anupalabdhi hetu ke svarUpa meM kucha bhinnatA prakaTa kI hai| kArya hetu ko jaina evaM bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita zeSavat hetu kA saMzodhita rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai / svabhAva hetu kA pratipAdana bauddha dArzanikoM kI bhAratIya darzana ko anUThI dena hai, jisakA jaina hetu-bhedoM meM bhI antarbhAva huA hai / anupalabdhi hetu para vicAra bauddha dArzanikoM ne abhAva kA jJAna anupalabdhi hetu dvArA svIkAra kiyA hai| mImAMsaka pratyakSa, 225. prameyakamalamArttaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 399-400 226. jaina dArzanika tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke kAraNa svabhAva evaM kArya hetu meM avinAbhAvitva mAnane kA khaNDana karate haiN| draSTavya Age 'vyApti vimarza', pR. 255

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254 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA - anumAna Adi kI bhAMti 'abhAva' ko eka pRthak pramANa mAnate haiN| naiyAyikoM ne abhAva kA jJAna pratyakSa pramANa dvArA mAnA hai| jaina dArzanika abhAva ke jJAna ko pratyakSa, anumAna,pratyabhijJAna Adi pramANoM meM antarbhUta karate haiN| bauddha dArzanika anupalabdhi hetu dvArA usI ghaTAdi artha ke abhAva kA jJAna karate haiM, jo upalabdhilakSaNa prApta ho / upalabdhilakSaNa prApti kA tAtparya hai ghaTAdi artha kI upalabdhi meM cakSu Adi sakala kAraNoM kI sannidhi ho tathA jJAyamAna artha meM dRzya hone kA svabhAvavizeSa ho / dRzya hone ke svabhAva vizeSa kA tAtparya hai ki anya samasta upalambhapratyayoM ke hone para usakA pratyakSa nizcita rUpa se ho| isa prakAra darzana yogya ghaTAdi padArtha ke bhUtala Adi para abhAva kA jJAna bauddha dArzanika anupalabdhi hetu se karate haiN|227 eka jJAna se jaba anya bhUtalAdi dRzya vastu kI upalabdhi ho,tathA ghaTAdi dRzya padArthoM kI upalabdhi na ho to samajhanA cAhie kI usakI upalabdhi ke samasta kAraNa vidyamAna haiN| taba hI anupalabdhi hetu dvArA dRzya ghaTAdi padArthoM ke abhAva kA jJAna hotA hai,yathA"pradeza vizeSa meM ghaTa nahIM hai,kyoMki upalabdhi lakSaNoM ke prApta hone para bhI vaha anupalabdha hai|" dharmottara kahate haiM ki isa udAharaNa meM pratipattA ke dvArA pratyakSa kiyA gayA pradeza vizeSa pakSa hai,ghaTa kA abhAva sAdhya hai tathA anupalabdhi hetu hai / 228 bauddha dArzanika isa bAta kA dRr3hatA pUrvaka pratipAdana karate haiM ki dRzya vastuoM ke abhAva kA hI jJAna anupalabdhi hetu dvArA saMbhava hai, adRzya vastuoM kA nahIM,kyoMki viprakRSTa Adi adRzya vastuoM kA jJAna saMzayayukta hotA hai / jo vastu dezakAla aura svabhAva se atIndraya hotI hai vaha adRzya hotI hai tathA usake abhAva ko anupalabdhi hetu dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa|229 jaina dArzanika akalaGkane bauddhoM kI isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai ki jo vastu darzana yogya (dRzya) hotI hai anupalabdhi hetu dvArA mAtra usI ke abhAva kA jJAna hotA hai / akalaGkakA mantavya hai ki adRzya vastuoM kI anupalabdhi kA bhI jJAna ho sakatA hai / dUsare manuSya ke mRta zarIra meM adRzya caitanya ke abhAva kA jJAna laukika puruSo ke anubhava kA viSaya hai / zarIra ke AkAra,vikArAdi se caitanya ke abhAva kA jJAna hotA hI hai / 230 ___ isalie yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki adRzya vastuoM kI anupalabdhi kA jJAna saMzayayukta hone ke kAraNa anupalabdhi hetu dvArA honA saMbhava nhiiN| dUsare kA caitanya hI nahIM, apitu apane zarIra meM vidyamAna caitanya bhI adRzya hai, ataH vaha bhI kisI hetu se siddha nahIM ho skegaa| paramArthasat bhI 227. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 163, evaM hetu-bhedoM meM kRta anupalabdhi hetu kA varNana 228. nyAyavinduTIkA 2.12, pR.117 229. adRzyamAnAstu dezakAlasvabhAvaviprakRSTAH svabhAvavizeSarahitA pratyayAntarasAkalyavantastu / - nyAyabinduTIkA, 2.14,pR. 122 230. adRzyaparacittAderabhAva laukikAH viduH / tdaakaarvikaaraadernythaanuppttitH|- laSIyalaya, 15 -

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anumAna-pramANa 255 adRzya hai ataH usake kSaNikatva kI siddhi bhI anumAna dvArA nahIM kI jA skegii|231 isalie jo vastu upalabdhiyogya kAraNoM ke sadbhAva meM bhI adRzya ho,usakI upalabdhi yA anupalabdhi kA pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA,vaha AgamAdi pramANAntara se siddha kI jA sakatI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne anupalabdhi hetu ko apane hetu-bhedoM meM sthAna to diyA hai,kintu ve bauddhoM kI bhAMti use mAtra niSedha sAdhaka nahIM mAnate / jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra anupalabdhi hetu vidhi evaM niSedha donoM kA sAdhaka hotA hai| anupalabdhi hetu ke jaina dArzanikoM ne isIlie mUlataHdo bheda kiye haiM / (1) aviruddhAnupalabdhi aura (2)viruddhaanuplbdhi|232 inameM aviruddhAnupalabdhi ko ve pratiSedha sAdhaka mAnate haiM233 tathA viruddhAnupalabdhi ko vidhisAdhaka pratipAdita karate haiM / 234 inakA vistRta varNana hetu-bhedoM ke prasaGga meM kiyA jA cukA hai| vyApti-vimarza anumAna-pramANa meM vyApti kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai| kyoMki sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kI vyApti hue binA vaha sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM ho sakatA / sAdhya evaM sAdhana kA avyabhicarita anivArya sambandha vyApti hai| jaba taka sAdhana yA hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avyabhicarita anivArya sambandha na ho taba taka vaha sAdhya kA sadaiva gamaka nahIM ho sakatA / yadyapi hetu kA lakSaNa karate samaya bauddha dArzanikoM ne trirUpatA sampanna hetu ko sad hetu kahA hai tathA naiyAyikoM ne pAMcarUpya sampanna hetu ko sadhetu mAnA hai, kintu ve bhI vyApti yA avinAbhAva ke abhAva meM hetu ko sAdhya kA gamaka svIkAra nahIM karate haiN|235 nyAyadarzana meM isIlie hetu ko vyAptibala se sAdhya-artha kA gamaka pratipAdita kara236 pAMcarUpya kA samApana avinAbhAva meM kiyA hai / 237 bauddha dArzanika bhI hetu ko avinAbhAva niyama se sadhetu yA sAdhya kA gamaka svIkAra karate haiM, anyathA usa hetu ko hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiM / 238 jaina dArzanikoM ne trairUpya evaM pAMcarUpya ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnA,kintu hetu ko avinAbhAva niyama se hI sAdhya kA gamaka svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne hetu kA lakSaNa hI sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAvitva diyA hai|239 isalie vyApti ko svIkAra kiye binA koI bhI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotaa| bhAratIya darzana meM vyApti ke lie jayantabhaTTane avinAbhAvaniyama,niyama,pratibandha,sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva 231. adRzyAnupalabdhaHsaMzayakAnte na kevalaM paracittAbhAvo na siyati apitu svacitabhAvazca, tadanaMzatattvasya adRzyA tmakatvAt / tathA ca kutaH paramArthasataH kSaNabhaMgasiddhiH? tadviparItasyAbhedalakSaNasyaiva syAt / -laSIyamayavRtti, 15 232. anupalabdherapi dairUpyaM-avirukhAnupalabdhiH viruddhAnupalabdhizca |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.93 233. tatrAvirukhAnupalabdhiHpratiSedhAvabodhe sptprkaaraa|-prmaannnyttvaalok, 3.94 234.virukhAnupalabdhistu vidhipratItI paMcadhA |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.103 235. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa,158-159 236. vyAptibalenArthagamakaM linggm|- tarkabhASA, anumAnanirUpaNa, pR.72 237. eteSu paJcasu lakSaNeSavinAbhAvo liAsya prismaapyte| jayantabhaTTa nyAyamacArI, pR.101 238.avinAmAvaniyamAt, hetvAbhAsAstato'pare / - pramANavArtika, 3.1 239. sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH|- parIkSAmukha, 3.11

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256 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA Adi nAmoM ko ekArthaka svIkAra kiyA hai / 24deg bauddha darzana meM prayukta svabhAva pratibandha evaM jainadarzana meM prayukta anyathAnupapattiniyama ko bhI vyApti kA paryAyavAcI mAnA jA sakatA hai / vyApti eka prakAra se sAdhana kA sAdhya ke sAtha avyabhicarita niyama hai / sAdhana ke hone para sAdhya hotA hI hai |islie inake sAhacaryaniyama ko bhI vyApti kahA gayA hai / 241 mImAMsakoM ne ise liGga dharma kA liGgI ke sAtha sambandha rUpa niyama pratipAdita kiyA hai / 242 nyAyadarzana meM sAhacaryaniyama ke atirikta sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke svAbhAvika sambandha ko bhI vyApti kahA gayA hai / 243 jisase AIIMdhana evaM dhUma jaise aupAdhika sambandha kA parihAra ho jAtA hai / sAdhana evaM sAdhya kA sAhacarya sambandha svAbhAvika hone para hI use vyApti kahA gayA hai| navyanyAya ke anusAra hetu aura usake vyApaka sAdhya kA sAmAnyAdhikaraNa hI vyApti hai / yathA gaMgeza ke zabdoM meM jo sAdhya,hetu ke pratiyogI vyadhikaraNa tathA samAna adhikaraNa meM vidyamAna rahane vAle atyantAbhAva kI pratiyogitA ke avacchedaka dharma se avacchinna na ho,usake sAtha hetu sAmAnyAdhikaraNya hI vyApti hai|244 vyApti meM sAdhana kA sAdhya ke sAtha avicchedya sambandha anivArya hotA hai / dhUma kA agni ke sAtha niyata sAhacarya yA svAbhAvika sambandha hai arthAt dhUma kI agni ke sAtha vyApti hai| isalie dhUma-hetu agni-sAdhyakA gamaka hotA hai| sAdhya kI hetu ke sAtha vyApti nahIM hotI hai,kyoMki usakA niyata sAhacarya nahIM hai,sAdhya hetu ke abhAva meM bhI raha sakatA hai / isa prakAra sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM vyApti ke dvArA hetu ko sAdhya kA gamaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / bauddha darzana meM vyApti ___ bauddha darzana meM vyApti ke lie avinAbhAvaniyama,svabhAva-pratibaMdha evaM avyabhicAra niyama zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| dharmakIrti avinAbhAvaniyama se hetu ko pakSadharma evaM usake aMza meM vyApta batalAte haiM / avinAbhAva niyama ke abhAva meM ve hetu ko hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN|245 avinAbhAvaniyama kA artha hai hetu kA sAdhya ke abhAva meM niyamataHkabhI bhI na honA / sAdhya ke abhAva meM jo hetu nahIM hotA, vahI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka ho sakatA hai, anya nhiiN| nyAyabindu meM dharmakIrti ne vyApti ko svabhAva-pratibaMdha zabda se prakaTa kiyA hai / dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki svabhAva pratibaMdha hone para hI hetu, 240. avinAbhAvaniyamo vyAptirniyamaH pratibandhaH sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvamityarthaH / 241. yatradhumastavAgniriti sAhacaryaniyamo vyaaptiH|- tarkabhASA, anumAnanirUpaNa, pR.72 242.(1) sambandhato vyAptiriSTAtra liGgadharmasya lingginaa|- zlokavArtika, anumAna pariccheda, 4 (2) vyAptiH- niyamaH |-nyaayrtnaakr, zlokavArtika, anumAnapariccheda.4 243. svAbhAvikazca sambandho vyaaptiH|-trkbhaassaa, anumAnanirUpaNa, pR.76 244. pratiyogyasamAnAdhikaraNayatsamAnAdhikaraNAtyantAbhAvapratiyogitAvacchedakAvacchinnaM yatra bhavati tena samaM tasya sAmA nAdhikaraNyaM vyaaptiH|- tattvacintAmaNi, uddhRta, mAthurIpaJcalakSaNI, bhUmikA pR. 52 245. pakSadharmastadaMzena vyApto hetuvidhaiva sH| avinAbhAvaniyamAt hetvAbhAsAstato'pare // --pramANavArtika , 3.1, hetubindu, pR.53

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anumAna-pramANa 257 sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai / 246 prazna uThatA hai ki vaha svabhAva pratibandha kisakA hotA hai,tathA kisameM hotA hai ? arthAt kauna pratibaddha hotA hai tathA kauna pratibaMdha kA viSaya banatA hai ? dharmakIrti ne isakA samAdhAna karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki vaha svabhAva pratibandha liGgakA sAdhya artha meM hotA hai / 240 arthAt liGga yA hetu sAdhya artha meM pratibaddha hokara sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai / yadi liGga svabhAva se sAdhya meM pratibaddha nahIM ho to vaha avyabhicarita rUpa se sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM ho sktaa|"dhrmottr kahate haiM ki liGga parAyatta hone ke kAraNa pratibaddha hotA hai tathA sAdhya artha aparAyatta hone ke kAraNa pratibaMdha kA viSaya hotA hai / jo pratibaddha hotA hai vaha gamaka hotA hai tathA jo pratibandha kA viSaya hotA hai vaha gamya hotA hai / 249 prayatnAntarIyakatA hetu anityatvasAdhya meM pratibaddha hai,isalie vaha anityatA kA gamaka hai / kintu anityatA prayatnAntarIyakatA meM pratibaddha nahIM hai, isalie vaha prayatnAntarIyakatA kI gamaka nahIM hotI hai| inameM gamyagamakabhAva avyabhicAraniyama ke kAraNa hotA hai| 250 hetu sAdhya meM pratibaddha hotA hai, isalie vaha sAdhya ke binA nahIM hotA hai| ___ vyApti ko hetubindu meM paribhASita karate hue dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki vyApaka ke hone para hI vyApya kA honA tathA vyApya ke hone para vyApaka kA honA hI,vyApti hai| 51 vyApaka kA artha hai sAdhya tathA vyApya kA artha hai hetu / isa prakAra sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA tathA hetu ke hone para sAdhya kA honA hI vyApti kahI gayI hai| vyApti ke isa svarUpa ko bhinna prakAra se bhI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai,yathA liGga ke hone para liGgI hotA hI hai tathA liGgI ke hone para hI liGga hotA hai,anyathA nhiiN|' isa niyama kA viparyAsa hone para liGga evaM liGgI meM sambandha sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|52 isa prakAra bauddha mata meM svabhAva-pratibandha,avinAbhAva-niyama athavA vyApti ekArthaka haiN| vyApti ke hone para hI liGgasAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai,vyApti ke abhAva meM nhiiN| ___ vyApti yA svabhAva-pratibandha kA nimitta bauddha dArzanikoM ne tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unake mata meM sAdhya ke sAtha hetu kA avinAbhAva tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke dvArA vyApta rahatA hai|53 dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki sAdhya artha ke sAtha liGga kA svabhAva-pratibaMdha athavA avinAbhAvado 246. svabhAvapratibaMdhe hi satyoM'yaM gamayet |-nyaaybindu, 2.19 247. sa ca pratibaMdhaH sAdhye' liGgasya |-nyaaybindu, 2.21 248. tadapratibaddhasya tadavyabhicAraniyamAbhAvAt |-nyaaybindu, 2.20 249. liA parAyattatvAt pratibaddham / sAdhyastvoM'parAyattatvAt pratibaMdhaviSayo yat pratibaddhaM tad gamakaM / yat pratibandhaviSayaH tdgmym|-nyaayvinduttiikaa , 2.21, pR.133 250. avyabhicAraniyamAcca gamyagamakabhAvaH / - nyAyabinduTIkA 2.20, pR.132 251. tasya vyAptirhi vyApakasya tatra bhAva eva / vyApyasya vA tatraiva bhAvaH |-hetbindu, pR.53 252. liGge liGgI bhavatyeva lijinyevetarat punaH / niyamasya viparyAse'sambandho liGgaliGginoH ||-hetubinduttiikaa, pR.18 253.(1) vastutastAdAtmyAt tadutpattezca |-nyaaybindu, 2.22 (2) tAdAtmyatadutpattibhyAmavinAbhAvo vyApta; tayostavAvazyambhAvAt / - hetubinduTIkA, pR.8

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258 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kAraNoM se hotA hai, yA to liGga kA sAdhya se tAdAtmya rahatA hai athavA phira sAdhya se usakI utpatti hotI hai| jisa liGga kA sAdhya ke sAtha tAdAtmya yA tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hotA hai vaha liGga sAdhya kA avinAbhAvI nahIM hotA hai, yathA prameyatva hetu anityatva kA avinAbhAvI nahIM hotA hai,kyoMki usakA anityatva sAdhya ke sAtha na tAdAtmya hai aura na tadutpatti / 254 jahAM hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha tAdAtmya nahIM hai athavA hetu sAdhya se utpanna (tadutpanna) nahIM huA hai vahAM hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti nahIM hotI / vyApti ke lie Avazyaka hai ki hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha tAdAtmya yA tadutpatti sambandha ho / sahacAra darzana mAtra se kisI hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti nahIM kahI jA sktii| bauddhamata meM hetu ke tIna prakAra haiM- (1)svabhAva,(2) kArya evaM (3) anupalabdhi / 255 inameM svabhAva hetu kA apane sAdhya ke sAtha tAdAtmya sambandha hotA hai tathA kAryahetu kA apane sAdhya ke sAtha tadutpatti sambandha / ye donoM hetu vidhi sAdhaka haiN| anupalabdhi hetu niSedhasAdhaka hai| niSedha kI siddhi dRzyAnupalabdhi hetu se hI ho jAtI hai, kyoMki vastu ke hone para dRzyAnupalabdhi kA honA asambhava hai / anupalabdhi hetu kA svabhAva hetu meM antarbhAva kara liyA gayA hai ataH usake avinAbhAva kA grahaNa bhI tAdAtmya se hotA hai| dharmakIrti pramANavArtika meM tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke sambandha meM kahate haiM- "avinAbhAva kA grahaNa kAryakAraNa bhAva se hotA hai, athavA niyata svabhAva se hotA hai| hetu ke sapakSa meM darzana aura vipakSa meM adarzana mAtra se avinAbhAva kI siddhi nahIM hotii|" 256 kArya kAraNabhAva tadutpatti kA dyotaka hai tathA niyatasvabhAva tAdAtmya kA dyotaka hai / dharmakIrti ne hetu ke sapakSa meM darzana evaM vipakSa meM adarzana mAtra se avinAbhAva kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA hai, kyoMki inameM vyabhicAra bhI ho sakatA hai / tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke atirikta saMyoga,samavAya Adi sambandhoM se hetu meM avinAbhAva kA dharmakIrti ne niSedha kiyA hai| 257 ___ jaina dArzanika prabhAcanda ne isa viSaya kA bauddha graMthAnusAra prAmANika pratipAdana kiyA hai ataH use yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / prabhAcandra bauddhamata ko prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki avinAbhAva ke bala se hI sarvatra hetu sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai / vaha avinAbhAva tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti se niyata hone ke kAraNa kArya evaM svabhAva hetu meM hI rahatA hai / 258 tAdAtmya se svabhAva hetu meM avinAbhAva hotA hai tathA tadutpatti se kAryahetu meM avinAbhAva hotA hai / ina do ke atirikta hetu nahIM haiM.kyoMki 254. yasya yena saha tAdAtmyatadutpattI na sto na sa tadavinAbhAvI yathA prameyatvAdiranityatvAdinA / - hetubinduTIkA, pR.9 255. anupalabdhiH svabhAvaH kAryaJceti / - nyAyabindu, 2.11 256. kAryakAraNabhAvAdvA svabhAvAdvA niyAmakAt / avinAbhAvaniyamo'darzanAnna na darzanAt ||-prmaannvaartik, 3.31 257.saMyogyAdiSu yeSvasti pratibandho na tAdRzaH / nate hetava ityuktaM vyabhicArasya saMbhavAt ||-prmaannvaartik, 4.203 258. tulanIya- te ca tAdAtmyatadutpatI svabhAvakAryayoreveti tAbhyAmeva vstusiddhiH|-nyaaybindu, 2.24

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anumAna-pramANa 259 anupalabdhi hetu kA bhI svabhAva hetu meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai 259 ghaTa Adi ke abhAva kA artha hai ghaTAdi se rahita bhUtalAdi kA svabhAva / ata: ghaTa kI anupalabdhi kA artha hai ghaTavivikta bhUtala kI svabhAvopalabdhi / isa prakAra anupalabdhi kA svabhAva hetu meM antarbhAva mAnanA caahie| __ kAryahetu ke avinAbhAva kA jJAna pratyakSa evaM anupalambha ke paMcaka se hotA hai / 26deg pratyakSa evaM anupalambha kA paMcaka isa prakAra hai- (1) agni evaM dhUma se rahita upalabhyamAna bhUtala meM agni evaM dhUma kI anupalabdhi (2) tadanantara agni kI upalabdhi evaM (3) usake pazcAt dhUma kI upalabdhi (4) agni kI anupalabdhi evaM phira (5) dhUma kI anupalabdhi / isa prakAra pratyakSa evaM anupalambha ke paMcaka se kAryakAraNabhAva kA jJAna hotA hai ki agni kA kArya 'dhUma' hai| jo jisakA kArya hotA hai vaha usase niyata hotA hai| yadi kArya,kAraNa se niyata na ho to nirapekSa hone ke kAraNa kArya yA to nitya sat hI hogA yA asat hI hogaa| sAMrAza yaha hai ki jo jisase utpanna hotA huA eka bAra upalabdha hotA hai vaha usI se utpanna hotA hai kisI anya se nhiiN|261 yadi ahetu se bhI kArya kI utpatti hone lage to saba kAraNoM se saba kAryoM kI utpatti saMbhava hai / ataH pratyakSa evaM anupalambha ke pAMca rUpoM se kAryahetu kI sArvatrikI vyApti pratIta hotI hai| svabhAva hetu kI vyApti to vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa ke sadabhAva se hotI hai,yathA sattvakI kSaNikatA ke sAtha / sattva kA lakSaNa hai arthakriyAkAritva / arthakriyA krama se athavA yugapad ho sakatI hai / kintu akSaNika nitya padArtha na to krama se arthakriyA kara sakatA hai aura na yugapad / krama se karane para akSaNikatA nahIM rahatI tathA eka sAtha karane para bhI nityatA nahIM raha pAtI / isa prakAra nitya athavA akSaNika artha meM arthakriyA zakya nahIM hone se vaha sattva nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kSaNika padArtha hI arthakriyA karane meM samartha hai, ata: kSaNikatA ke sAtha hI sattva kI vyApti saMbhava hai / kSaNika evaM akSaNika se bhinna koI tRtIya prakAra nahIM hai jisameM sattva kI yA arthakriyA kI AzaMkA kI jA sake / 262 anupalabdhi rUpa samasta hetuoM kA svabhAvAnupalabdhi meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| svabhAvAnupalabdhi eka prakAra kA svabhAva hetu hai ata: usakA tAdAtmya se hI avinAbhAva hai / 263 259. tulanIya- anupalabdhestu svabhAve'ntarbhAvaH / - tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, 1477, pR.526 260. tulanIya- pratyakSAnupalambhasAdhanaH kaarykaarnnbhaavH|-hetubindu,pR.53 261. talanIya- nityaM sattvamasattvaM vA'hetoranyAnapekSaNAta / __ apekSAto hi bhAvAnAM kAdAcitkatvasaMbhavaH // - pramANavArtika, 3.35 262. tulanIya- san zabdaH kRtako vA, yazcaivaM sa sarvo'nityaH yathA ghaTAdiriti / atra vyAptisAdhanaM viparyaye bAdhakapramANo padarzanam / yadi na sarvaM sat kRtakaM vA pratikSaNavinAzi syAdakSaNikasya kramayogapadyAbhyAmarthakriyAyogAdarthakriyAsA marthyalakSaNamato nivRttamityasadeva syaat|-vaadnyaay, pR.7 263. tulanIya-(1) svabhAvAnupalabdhistu svabhAvahetAvantarbhAviteti tasyAH tAdAtmyalakSaNa eva pratibandhaH |-hetubindu TIkA, (2) prabhAcandra kRta pratipAdana ke lie draSTavya, nyAyamadacandra, bhAga-2.pra.444-46

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260 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jainadarzana meM vyApti jainadArzanikoM kA vyApti ke svarUpa ko lekara bauddhoM se koI matabheda nahIM hai / vyApti kA jo svarUpa bauddha dArzanika nirUpita karate haiM vahI svarUpa jaina darzana meM pratipAdita hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne vyApti ko avinAbhAvaniyama, evaM anyathAnupapattiniyama ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| mANikyanandI ke pUrva jaina darzana meM vyApti ke lakSaNa kA spaSTa pratipAdana nahIM hai / siddhasena, akalaGka vidyAnanda Adi dArzanikoM ke hetu-lakSaNa kA adhyayana karane se vidita hotA hai ki ve sAdhya evaM hetu ke avinAbhAva niyama ko hI vyApti mAnate haiN|264 hetu sAdhya ke abhAva meM nizcita rUpase nahIM rahatA hai,arthAt hetu evaM sAdhya ke madhya aisA avyabhicarita sambandha hai ki jisase hetu sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| unake madhya rahA huA avyabhicarita sambandha yA avinAbhAva niyama hI akalaGka Adi ke mata meM vyApti kA svarUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai| __mANikyanandI ne vyApti kA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA hai- "yaha isake hone para hI hotA hai, isake nahIM hone para nahIM hI hotaa|" arthAta sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA tathA,sAdhyAbhAva meM hetu kA na honA hI vyApti hai / yathA agni ke hone para hI dhUma hotA hai,usake abhAva meM dhUma nizcitarUpa se hotA hI nahIM hai / 265 vAdidevasUri ne sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke traikAlika sambandha ko vyApti mAnA hai|266 ratnaprabha ne gamya-gamaka rUpa sAdhya-sAdhana ke avinAbhAva sambandha ko vyApti kahA hai / 267 dharma-bhUSaNa ne use sAdhya evaM sAdhana meM gamya-gamaka bhAva kA prayojaka kahate hue vyabhicAra-zUnya sambandha vizeSa batalAyA hai / 268 AcArya hemacandra ne bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti ke vyAptilakSaNa ko jaina vyApti lakSaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / yathA-"vyApya ke hone para vyApaka kA honA hI tathA vyApaka ke hone para hI vyApya kA honA vyApti hai / 269 arthAt hetu ke hone para sAdhya kA nizcita rUpa se honA tathA sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA vyApti hai / vyApti kA yaha lakSaNa hI jainadarzana meM hetu ke lakSaNa kA nirdhAraka banA hai| jaina darzana kA hetulakSaNa,vyApti athavA avinAbhAva niyama ke lakSaNa para AdhArita hai| usameM trairUpya evaM pAMcarUpya kI carcA nahIM karake sIdhe sAdhya se avinAbhAvitva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / avinAbhAvitva yA vyApti ke bala se hI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne mAtra tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti se vyApti kA honA svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| unake anusAra kRttikodaya hetu se zakaTodaya sAdhya kA jJAna, tulA ke eka palar3e ke Upara uThane se dUsare 264. sAdhyArthA' sambhavAbhAvaniyamanizcayaikalakSaNo hetuH |-prmaannsnggrhvRtti, 21 265.idamasmin satyeva bhavatyasatina bhavatyeveti ca / yathA'gnAvevadhUmastadabhAvena bhavatyeveti ca |-priikssaamukh,3.8-9 266. pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.7 267.kAlatrayIvartinoHsAdhyasAdhanayorgamyagamakayoH sambandho'vinAbhAvo vyaaptiH|- ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga-2, pR.20 268.sAdhyasAdhanayogamyagamakabhAvaprayojako vyabhicAragandhAsahiSNuH sambandhavizeSo vyAptiravinAbhAvaH |-nyaaydiipikaa, 269. vyAptiApakasya vyApye sati bhAva evaM vyApyasya vA tatraiva bhaavH|-prmaannmiimaaNsaa,1.2.6

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anumAna-pramANa 261 palar3e ke jhukane kA jJAna,candramA ke arvAk bhAga ko dekhakara parabhAga kA jJAna Adi anumiti ke aise aneka udAharaNa haiM jinameM tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ko vyApti kA nimitta nahIM kahA jA sakatA,tathApi unase avyabhicarita rUpa se sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai| isalie jaina-dArzanika tAdAtmyalakSaNa avinAbhAva evaM tadutpattilakSaNa avinAbhAva se adhika vyApaka pratyaya nirdhArita karane kI ora pravRtta hue tathA unhoMne avinAbhAva ko do prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA-sahabhAva avinAbhAva evaM kramabhAva avinAbhAva / 27deg yadyapi sahabhAva evaM kramabhAva avinAbhAva kA spaSTa pratipAdana mANikyanandI dvArA kiyA gayA hai,kintu isake bIja akalaGka ke graMtha meM milate haiM / 271 do sahacArI padArtho evaM vyApya vyApaka padArthoM meM sahabhAva avinAbhAva hotA hai / isa avinAbhAva se svabhAva,vyApya,evaM sahacara hetu sAdhya ke gamaka hote haiN| pUrvacara, uttaracara,kArya evaM kAraNa hetuoM meM kramabhAva avinAbhAva hotA hai / 272 ina do prakAra ke avinAbhAva se samasta hetu sAdhya ke gamaka siddha ho jAte haiN| tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti niyama se pUrvacara,uttaracara,kAraNa Adi hetuoM kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti siddha nahIM hotI, jabaki kramabhAva evaM sahabhAva avinAbhAva se samasta hetuoM meM sAdhya kI gamakatA utpanna ho jAtI vyApti-grAhaka-jaina dArzanikoM ne tarka ko vyApti kA grAhaka athavA nizcAyaka aMgIkAra kiyA hai|273 pratyakSa anumAna Adi kisI anya jJAna ko ve vyApti grAhaka nahIM mAnate haiN| bhAratIya darzana meM vyApti kI grAhakatA ke sambandha meM vivAda hai / kucha nyAyAcAryoM ne mAnasa-pratyakSa ko vyApti kA grAhaka mAnA hai / kumArila bhUyodarzana ko vyApti kA grAhaka mAnate haiN| vAcaspatimizra ne tarkasahakRta bhUyodarzana ko vyApti kA grAhaka mAnA hai,jo jainadArzanika sammata vyAptigrAhaka tarka ke mahattva ko bhI jJApita karatA hai / jayantabhaTTa ne niyatasahacAra ko,zrIdhara ne upAdhivihIna bhUyodarzana ko,gaMgeza ne vyabhicArAdarzana sahakRta sahacAradarzana ko vyApti kA prAhaka mAnA hai / bauddhoM ne tadutpatti kA jJAna pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se tathA tAdAtmya kA jJAna vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa ke sadbhAva se kiyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki pratyakSa dvArA bhUyodarzana hone para bhI kAlika vyApti saMbhava nahIM hai, pratyakSa dvArA to usa samaya vidyamAna padArthoM ke sambandhakA jJAna hotA hai,bhUta evaM bhaviSyakAlIna padArthoM kI vyApti kA jJAna tarka pramANa dvArA hI saMbhava hai| tarkapramANa kA udbhava jaina dArzanikoM ne upalambha evaM anupalambha ke dvArA mAnA hai,jo unheM bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA pratipAdita pratyakSa evaM anupalambha siddhAnta ke nikaTa le jAtA hai| anumAna se vyAptijJAna mAnane para anavasthA doSa AtA hai.kyoMki vyApti ke binA anumAna saMbhava nahIM hai,aura anumAna ke binA vyApti jJAna saMbhava nahIM hai / isalie - 270. shkrmbhaavniymo'vinaabhaavH|- parIkSAmukha , 3.12 271. sahakramavidAmekaM tAt svasaMvedanam |-siddhivinishcy, 6.41 272. sahacAriNoApyavyApakayozca sahabhAvaH / pUrvottaracAriNo kAryakAraNavozca krmmaavH|-priikssaamukh, 3.13-14 273. tAtannirNayaH / - parIkSAmukha, 3.15

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jainadArzanikoM ne bar3I samajhapUrNa dRSTi se tarka ko vyApti kA grAhaka aMgIkAra kiyA hai| tarka ko vyApti kA grAhaka pratipAdita karane ke sAtha jainadArzanikoM ne use pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM bhI pratiSThita kiyA hai / 262 I akalaGka ne pratyakSa aura anupalambha se hone vAle saMbhAvanAtmaka jJAna ko tarka kahA hai mANikyanandI ne upalambha evaM anupalambhapUrvaka hone vAle vyAptijJAna ko tarka kahA hai| 275 yahAM upalambha aura anupalambha padoM se pramANamAtra kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| pratyakSa se gRhIta sAdhya evaM sAdhana hI nahIM, apitu anumAna aura Agama ke viSayabhUta padArthoM meM bhI avinAbhAva kA nizcaya tarka dvArA hotA hai| isalie vAdidevasUri ne apane tarka-lakSaNa meM upalambha evaM anupalambha se utpanna, kAlika sAdhyasAdhana viSayaka sambandha ko grahaNa karane vAle " yaha isake hone para hI hotA hai" ityAdi AkAra vAle jJAna ko tarka pratipAdita kiyA hai| 276 vyApti kA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa jaina dArzanikoM ne tarka ko eka pRthak pramANa mAnA hai, jisakI carcA pAMcaveM adhyAya meM kI gayI hai / tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti dvArA avinAbhAva mAnane kA khaNDana jaina dArzanika akalaGka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ne tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke binA bhI hetu meM sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva yA vyApti kI siddhi kI hai, ataH ve tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke dvArA avinAbhAva mAnane vAle bauddhamata kA nirasana karate haiN| bhaTTa akalaGka kahate haiM ki tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke binA hI avinAbhAva siddha hai| aise aneka hetu haiM jinakA apane sAdhya se na tAdAtmya sambandha hai aura na tadutpatti, phira bhI ve apane sAdhya ke gamaka haiM / tulA ke eka palar3e ko jhukA huA dekhakara dUsare palar3e ke UMce hone ke anumAna meM avinAbhAva to hai, kintu tAdAtmya yA tadutpatti nahIM / 277 isI prakAra kRttikodaya se zakaTodaya ke anumAna meM vyApti to hai, kintu vahAM bhI tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hai / 278 candra ke arvAk bhAga ko dekhakara usake parabhAga kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / inameM vyApti hai, kintu kAryakAraNa bhAva evaM tAdAtmya nahIM hai / parabhAga evaM arvAk bhAga ke sAtha-sAtha rahane ke kAraNa inameM kAryakAraNabhAva athavA tadutpatti sambandha nahIM kahA jA sakatA tathA donoM meM tAdAtmya isalie nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki donoM bhinna lakSaNa-yukta haiM / 279 274 274. sambhavapratyayastarka pratyakSAnupalambhataH / pramANasaMgraha, 12 275. upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptijJAnamUhaH / parIkSAmukha, 3.7 276. upalambhAnupalambhasambhavaM trikAlIkalitasAdhyasAdhanasambandhAdyAlambanaM " idamasmin satyeva bhavati" ityAdyAkAraM saMvedanamUhAparanAmA tarkaH / -- pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.7 277. parasparAvinA bhUtau nAmonnAmau tulAntayoH / - siddhivinizcaya, 6. 15 278. bhaviSyatpratipadyeta zakaTaM kRttikodayAt / -- laghIyastraya, 14 279. tadetasmin pratibandhaniyame kathaM candrAdervAgbhAgadarzanAt parabhAgo'mumIyeta ? nAnayo: kAryakAraNabhAvaH sahaiva bhAvAt / na ca tAdAtmyam lakSaNabhedAt alamanyathAnupapatteranavadyamanumAnam / - siddhivinizcayavRtti, pR. 373

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anumAna pramANa akalaGka kA mata hai ki avinAbhAva athavA anyathAnupapanna se hI sAdhya kA avyabhicarita jJAna hotA hai, ataH tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti kI kalpanA vyartha hai / ve bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti kA jJAna anyathAnupapatti vitarka ke binA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ataH tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke binA hI anyathAnupapatti ko hetu kA eka lakSaNa mAnanA cAhie / 280 akalaGka ne rUpa se rasa kA anumAna karane kA bhI udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai, kintu isameM kathaJcit tAdAtmya sambandha dikhAI detA hai, kyoMki rUpa evaM rasa pRthak pRthak hokara nahIM rahate haiM / isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki akalaGka ko tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti sambandha se hone vAlA avinAbhAva bhI abhISTa hai, kintu tulA ke eka palar3e ke Upara uThane se anya palar3e ke jhukane Adi kA anumAna tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti rahita hotA hai tathApi usameM hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti hotI hai / 281 ise akalaGka ne dRDhatApUrvaka prastuta kiyA hai| ve saha evaM kramabhAva se tAdAtmyAdi ko svIkAra karate haiM, tathA tarka se vyApti kA nirNaya mAnate haiM / 282 akalaGka mata meM tarka kI utpatti pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se hotI hai / isalie unhoMne pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se hone vAle saMbhAvanAtmaka jJAna ko tarka kahA hai| tarka ke binA ve sAdhya evaM sAdhana kI vyApti kA jJAna honA saMbhava nahIM mAnate haiM / 283 vidyAnanda pratipAdita karate haiM ki tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti se anyathAnupapannatA vyApta nahIM hai / kRttikodaya hetu kA zakaTodaya sAdhya ke sAtha na tAdAtmya hai aura na tadutpatti sambandha, tathApi vaha anyathAnupapannatva ke kAraNa apane sAdhya kA gamaka hai / 284 saMyogI, samavAyI Adi hetuoM meM bhI tattvaparIkSaka dArzanikoM ke dvArA tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke binA anyathAnupapannatva mAnA gayA hai 1 yathA - dIvAra, nadI Adi ke parabhAga se arvAk bhAga avinAbhAvI hai, kintu unameM koI tAdAtmya yA tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hai| isI prakAra 'yaha sAsnAdimAn hai, kyoMki gau hai', 'yaha gau hai kyoMki sAsnAdimAn hai' ityAdi samavAyI hetuoM meM anyonyAzraya bhAva hai / 'caMdrodaya huA hai, kyoMki samudravRddhi huI hai, Adi udAharaNoM meM tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke binA bhI avinAbhAva hai, ata: yaha 280. na hi tAdAtmya tadutpattI jJAtuM zakyete vinA'nyathAnupapattivitarkeNa, tAbhyAM vinaiva ekalakSaNasiddhi: / - laghIyastrayavRtti, 12 281. (i) tulonnAmarasAdInAM tulyakAlatayA hi na / nAmarUpAdihetutvaM na ca tadvyabhicAritA || tAdAtmyaM tu kathaJcitsyAt tato hi na tulAntayoH // nyAyavinizcaya, 2.338-39 (ii) draSTavya, Akalanika's criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy, p. 257. 282. tAdAtmyAdi pratIma: ekalakSaNavido vayam / sahakramavidAmekaM tarkAt svasaMvedanam // - siddhivinizcaya, 6.41 263 283. (1) pratyakSAnupalambhazca vidhAnapratiSedhayoH / antareNeha sambandhamaheturiva lakSyate // (2) draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 274 284. kiM na tAdAtmyatajjanmasambandhAbhyAM vilakSaNAt / anyathAnupapannatvAd hetuH syAtkRttikodayaH // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.134 nyAyavinizcaya, 2. 167-68

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kahA jA sakatA hai ki tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti se avinAbhAva vyApta nahIM hai / 285 hetu meM avinAbhAva kI siddhi vidyAnanda ne yogyatA sambandha se pratipAdita kI hai| 286 264 prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki 'avinAbhAva, tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti se niyata haiM', yaha bauddha mAnyatA samIcIna nahIM hai / tAdAtmya ko avinAbhAva kA kAraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki tAdAtmya (ekAtmya) ke hone para bheda nahIM rahatA aura bheda ke abhAva meM sambandha nahIM ho sakatA tathA sambandha ke abhAva meM avinAbhAva ghaTita nahIM hotA / tAdAtmya Adi koI bhI sambandha tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba do padArtha bhinna hoM / niraMza arthavAdI bauddhoM ke mata meM tAdAtmya evaM bheda kA honA kiJcit bhI yukta nahIM hai / tAdAtmya kA artha hai usakI svabhAvatA / isase sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kI ekatA prakaTa hotI hai| ekatA hone para sAdhya-sAdhana kA bheda nahIM raha sakatA tathA bheda hone para ekatA nahIM ho sktii| isalie tAdAtmya sambandha se ziMzapA hetu vRkSa kA jJAna nahIM karA sktaa| tAdAtmya se yadi vaha jJAna karAtA bhI hai to hetu ke prahaNa karate samaya hI usase abhinna sAdhya kA bhI jJAna ho jAyegA, ataH usake anantara anumAna karanA niSphala ho jAtA hai| yadi viparIta samAropa kA vyavaccheda karane se anumAna kI saphalatA hai to viparIta samAropa kaba hotA hai? hetu kA svarUpa jJAta hone para viparIta samAropa hotA hai athavA jJAta nahIM hone para hI ho jAtA hai ? hetu kA svarUpa jAna lene para to viparIta samAropa ko avakAza hI nahIM rahatA, yathA sira, hAtha Adi ke dikhAI dene para sthANu kA samAropa nahIM hotA tathA usakA svarUpa na jAnane para samAropa kisakA ? arthAt hetu kA svarUpa na jAnane para samAropa kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / 287 sAdhya evaM sAdhana meM tAdAtmya mAnane para jisa prakAra ziMzapA se vRkSa kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| usI prakAra vRkSa se bhI ziMzapA kA anumAna honA cAhie, kyoMki tAdAtmya to donoM meM vahI hai| yadi ziMzapA hI vRkSa meM pratibaddha hai, vRkSa, ziMzapA meM pratibaddha nahIM hai to phira tAdAtmya se hetu ko sAdhya kA gamaka kahanA ucita nahIM hai| avinAbhAva se hI use sAdhya kA gamaka kahanA cAhie, kyoMki tAdAtmya meM avinAbhAva niyata nahIM hai| 288 285. nAnyathAnupapannatvaM tAbhyAM vyAptaM nikSepaNAt / saMyogyAdiSu liGgeSu tasya tattvaparIkSakaiH // arvAgbhAgo' vinAbhAvI parabhAgena kasyacit / so'pi tena tathA siddhaH saMyogI heturIdRza: / / sAsnAdimAnayaM gotvAdraurvA sAsnAdimattvataH / ityanyonyAzrayI bhAvaH samavAyiSu dRzyate // caMdrodayo'vinAbhAvI payonidhivivardhanaiH / tAni tena vinApyetatsaMbaMdhadvitayAdiha // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.135-38 286. yogyatAkhapazca sambandhaH sarvasambandhabhedagaH / svAdekastadvazAlliGgamekamevoktalakSaNam // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 287. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-2, pR. 446-47 288. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-2, pU. 447 1.13.144

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anumAna-pramANa 265 tadutpatti meM bhI avinAbhAva niyata nahIM hai,kyoMki agni se utpanna dhUma ke guNa zyAmatva Adi meM avinAbhAva upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / isI prakAra agnisAmAnya evaM dhUmasAmAnya meM kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM hotA,kintu agnivizeSa evaM dhUmavizeSa meM hI kAryakAraNa bhAva hotA hai, jo rasoIghara Adi meM jAnA jAtA hai / parantu ina agnivizeSa evaM dhUmavizeSa meM gamyagamaka bhAva nahIM hotA / parvata para pAye jAne vAle agnivizeSa evaM dhUmavizeSa meM gamya-gamaka bhAva hotA hai,kintu unameM kAryakAraNabhAva ajJAta rahatA hai| parvatastha agni evaM dhUma meM kAryakAraNa bhAva jAne binA unameM avinAbhAva kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / agRhIta avinAbhAva anumAna kA aMga nahIM hai| anumAna-prayoga kAla meM kAryakAraNa meM avinAbhAva kA grahaNa mAnate haiM,to hetu kI pratipatti ke samaya hI sAdhya kI pratipatti ho jAnI cAhie,ata: taba anumAna vyartha siddha hotA hai / 289 / / pratyakSa evaM anupalambha ke paJcaka se avinAbhAva kI pratipatti mAnanA bhI asAmprata hai,kyoMki bauddhamata meM pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hotA hai,ataH usase vyApti grahaNa karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / anupalambha arthAntara kI upalabdhi ke svabhAva vAlA hotA hai evaM nirvikalpaka hotA hai ataH usameM saiMkar3oM bAra pravRtta hone vAle puruSa ke dvArA bhI vyApti grahaNa nahIM kI jA sktii| nirvikalpaka jJAna 'yaha isake hone para hI hotA hai,nahIM hone para nahIM hotA' isa prakAra kA vyApAra karane meM samartha nahIM hotA,kyoMki vaha sannihita viSaya ke bala se utpanna hotA hai evaM avicAraka hotA hai / nirvikalpa se utpanna vikalpa bhI vyApti kA grAhaka nahIM hotA,kyoMki vaha bauddha mata meM pramANa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| svabhAva hetu kI vyApti vipakSa meM bAdhaka pramANa se hotI hai,aisA mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki taba yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki vipakSa meM bAdhaka anumAna kI vyApti kisI anya anumAna se hotI hai athavA prathama anumAna se hI? yadi anya anumAna se usakI vyApti siddha hotI hai to anavasthA doSa AtA hai tathA prathama anumAna se hI siddha hotI hai to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai / isakA kAraNa hai- vipakSa meM vyApti ke siddha hue binA svabhAva hetu se anumAna nahIM ho sakatA tathA anumAna ke siddha hue binA vyApti nahIM ho sakatI / ataH anumAna ko pramANa mAnane ke lie vyApti ke grAhaka tarka ko eka pRthak pramANa mAnanA cAhie / tarka se hI vyApti kA grahaNa hotA hai;pratyakSa,anumAna Adi se nahIM / 29deg isa prakAra tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke abhAva meM bhI avinAbhAva ke bala se hI hetu apane sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai| vAdidevasUri tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti se avinAbhAva mAnane kA khaNDana karane hetu bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki jahA~ tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti hote haiM vahAM avinAbhAva hotA hai, athavA jahAM avinAbhAva hotA hai vahAM tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti hote haiM ? inameM prathama pakSa ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki tAdAtmya sambandha ke hone para bhI vRkSa kA ziMzapA hI' hone meM vyabhicAra AtA hai| isI prakAra tadutpatti sambandha hone 289. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-2, pR.47-48 290.nyAyakumudacandrabhAga-2 pR.48-49

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266 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA para bhI zyAmatva Adi dhUma ke dharmastoma kA agni se vyabhicAra AtA hai| tAdAtmya se avinAbhAva sampanna nahIM hotA isakA nirUpaNa karate hue vAdidevasUri kahate haiM ki ziMzapA honA hI vRkSa svarUpa nahIM hai aura vRkSa honA hI ziMzapA svarUpa nahIM hai,kyoMki khadira,gUlara Adi meM bhI samAnarUpa se vRkSatva vidyamAna hai / 291 ziMzapA evaM vRkSa meM ekAnta rUpa se abheda arthAt tAdAtmya kA abhAva hai| yadi khadira,udumbara Adi meM samAna rUpa se rahane vAlA hI vRkSa hai, zizapA honA hI nahIM, taba to ziMzapA evaM vRkSa kI ekatA nahIM kahI jA sktii| kyoMki inameM svabhAva-bheda rUpa bhedalakSaNa vidyamAna hai| ... vAdidevasUri ne bauddha dArzanika prajJAkara gupta kI ora se pUrvapakSa prastuta karate hue kahA hai-jisa prakAra ziMzapA vRkSa svarUpa hai, usI prakAra vRkSa bhI ziMzapAsvarUpa hI hai, aisI AzaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie, kyoMki tAdAtmya ubhayagata nahIM hotA hai / jisakA jisameM tAdAtmya hotA hai usakA usase vibhAjana nahIM hotA / vRkSa to zizapA ke binA bhI palAzAdi rUpa meM vibhakta hai, kintu zizapA vRkSa ke binA nahIM hai,ziMzapA vRkSa se avibhakta hokara hI vRkSa svarUpa kA gamaka hotA hai| prajJAkara kI isa AzaMkA kA devasUri ne samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai ki vRkSa ziMzapA se vibhakta raha sakatA hai ata: vaha vibhAgavAn hai evaM zizapA vRkSa se avibhakta rahatI hai ataH vaha avibhAgavatI hai / isa prakAra vibhAgavattva evaM avibhAgavattva ke virodhI hone se donoM meM bheda banA hI rahatA hai. tAdAtmya nahIM ho pAtA / tadutpatti ke sambandha meM yadi bauddha kaheM ki vahni ke dvArA dhUma hI utpanna kiyA jAtA hai, dhUma ke zyAmatva Adi dharma nahIM, to unakA yaha kathana bhI ayukta hai| kyoMki unake mata meM vastu avibhAgI hotI hai / ataH dhUma ke sAtha zyAmatva Adi kI utpatti mAnanA cAhie,jo avinAbhAva meM bAdhaka hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jahAM tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti hai vahAM avinAbhAva hI siddha nahIM hai / 292 dvitIya pakSa "jahAM avinAbhAva hotA hai vahAM tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti hote haiM ata: avinAbhAva ke siddha hone para tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ko sAdhya ke gamaka aMga mAnanA cAhie", bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki taba to avinAbhAva ko hI sAdhya kA gamaka mAnanA ucita hai tathA tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti kI kalpanA niSpayojana hai / svabhAva svabhAva (tadAtma) hokara evaM kArya,kArya (tadutpanna) hokara apane sAdhya kA jJAna nahIM karAte,kintu unakA avinAbhAvitva hI sAdhya kA jJAna karAtA hai / 293 yadi tAdAtmya ko sAdhya kA gamaka aMga mAnanA iSTa hai to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki niraMzavastuvAdI bauddhoM ke yahAM sAdhya evaM sAdhana meM tAdAtmya hone para kisI bhI prakAra unameM bheda ghaTita 291. na ca ziMzapAtvameva vRkSatvAtmakaM na vRkSatvaM zizapAtvAtmakaM khadirodumbarAdisAdhAraNatvAvRkSasyeti vaacym| -syAdvAdaratnAkara pR.533 292. syAdvAdaralAkara, pR.533 293. syAdvAdaratnAkara,pR.533

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anumAna-pramANa 267 nahIM ho sktaa| tAdAtmya kA artha hai-usakA svabhAva honaa| arthAt tAdAtmya ke dvArA sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kA aikya ho jAnA / aikya meM bheda kI gandha bhI nahIM hotI hai aura bheda meM ekatA nahIM hotii| ata: tadAtmarUpa (vRkSarUpa) hone se zizapA vRkSa kA gamaka kaise hogA? tAdAtmya se gamaka hone para to hetujJAna ke samaya hI sAdhya kA bhI jJAna ho jAnA cAhie aura taba anumAna kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhtii| yadi hetu ke jJAna kI velA meM sAdhya jJAta nahIM hotA hai to phira unakA tAdAtmya kaise huA? hetu ke pratipannatva (jJAna) evaM sAdhya ke apratipannatva (ajJAta) rUpa vizuddha dharmoM se AkrAnta hone ke kAraNa unameM tAdAtmya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| syAdvAdaratnAkara meM vAdidevasari ne bauddhoM kI ora se isa sambandha meM uttara-pratyuttara prastuta kie haiM jo saMkSepataHullikhita haiMbauddha-ziMzapA ko dekhakara ziMzapA vikalpa utpanna hotA hai,vRkSa vikalpa nahIM,kyoMki taba vRkSa zabda ko smRti kA abhAva rahatA hai / zizapA zabda (ke saMskAra ke prabodhaka)- kI smRti se utpanna vikalpa ke dvArA aziMzapA kI vyAvRtti kI jAtI hai,avRkSa kI vyAvRtti nahIM / yadi ziMzapA zabda janya vikalpa dvArA avRkSa kI bhI vyAvRtti kI jAne lage to usake samasta vikalpoM ke paryAya hone kA prasaMga AtA hai arthAt vRkSa kI bhAMti anya aMghaTa apaTa Adi kI bhI vyAvRtti karane kA prasaMga AtA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki gamya-gamaka bhAva inakI vyAvRttiyoM kA hotA hai,vastuoM kA nahIM,kyoMki vastuoM meM ziMzapA evaM vRkSazabda kA anvaya nahIM hotaa| zizapA' zabda-vikalpa ke dvArA aziMzapA' kI vyAvRtti kI jAtI hai evaM vRkSa' zabda ke dvArA avRkSa' kI vyAvRtti kI jAtI hai- ye donoM vyAvRttiyAM paraspara bhinna hai / kyoMki inake dvArA vyAvRtta vastuoM meM bhI bheda hotA hai / isalie jainoM dvArA diyA gayA yaha doSa ki sAdhana ke jJAna kI velA meM hI sAdhya kA jJAna ho jAnA cAhie ucita nahIM ThaharatA hai / 294 vAdidevasUri-yaha kathana bhI pUrvApara ke anusaMdhAna pUrvaka nahIM kahA gayA hai| sAdhya evaM sAdhanabhUta vyAvRttiyoM ke tAdAtmya ko anumAna kA bIja (kAraNa) kaha kara bhI ina donoM vyAvRttiyoM meM paraspara bheda batAnA bauddhoM kI mahatI parAmarzazakti kA nidarzana hai / yadi vRkSa evaM zizapA ke tAdAtmya ke kAraNa adhyavasita avRkSavyAvRtti tathA aziMzapAvyAvRtti ke bhinna hone para bhI yathAdhyavasAya inakA tAdAtmya hai,to yaha bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai,kyoMki isa prakAra anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai / yathA-tAdAtmya ke siddha hone para aziMzapAvyAvRtti se avRkSa vyAvRtti kA adhyavasAya hogA aura avRkSavyAvRtti ke adhyavasita hone para yathAdhyavasAya tAdAtmya kI siddhi hogii| yadi vyApti kA jJAna karane kI velA meM ekAtma rUpa se adhyavasita vyAvRttiyoM kA tAdAtmya siddha hai, to vaha tAdAtmya kAlpanika hI hai| isa prakAra to anumAna bhI kalpanA se samAropita hI hogaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki vyAvRttiyoM ke 294. syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.534

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA aikAtmya ko svIkAra karane meM koI hetu nahIM hai| aisA svIkAra kareMgeM to prameyatva aura anityatva ke bhI ekAtma rUpa se adhyavasita hone para yathAdhyavasAya inakA tAdAtmya saMbhava hone lagegA, jo ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki prameya to nitya bhI ho sakatA hai| yadi nityatva kI vyAvRtti nahIM karane ke kAraNa prameyatva kA anityatva ke sAtha tAdAtmya nahIM hai, to tAdAtmya vAstavika nahIM hai| vaha kalpanA se samAropita hai / tAdAtmya ko vAstavika mAnA jAya to sAdhya evaM sAdhana kA tAdAtmya hone para jisa prakAra ziMzapAtva se vRkSatva kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra vRkSatva se bhI ziMzapAtva kA anumAna hone lagegA, kyoMki tAdAtmya sambandha ke kAraNa donoM meM abheda hai| 295 268 bauddha sambandha anya hai aura pratibandha anya hai / sambandha do meM sthita hotA hai| pratibandha meM eka, dUsare ke adhIna (parAyasatva) lakSaNa vAlA hotA hai| ataH zizapAtva vRkSatva meM pratibaddha hai, vRkSatva zizapAtva meM nhiiN| jisa prakAra ki dhUma kA agni meM pratibandha hai, agni kA dhUma meM nahIM / vAdidevasUri- bauddha kathana sahI hai, kintu isa prakAra kahe jAne para to avinAbhAva hI svIkRta hotA hai, tAdAtmya nahIM / tAdAtmya meM to jisa prakAra, vRkSatva samasta vRkSoM meM sAdhAraNa hai usI prakAra ziMzapAtva bhI samasta zizapAoM meM sAdhAraNa honA caahie| jisa prakAra ziMzapAtva ke binA zizapA dikhAI nahIM detA hai usI prakAra vRkSatva bhI ziMzapA rahita dikhAI nahIM denA caahie| kintu khadira Adi meM ziMzapArahita vRkSatva dikhAI detA hai| yadi ziMzapAtva se abhinna kahA gayA vRkSatva khadira Adi ke vRkSatva se bhinna hai to isa prakAra dharmI ke bheda se dharmoM kA bheda mAnane para to anvaya (vyApti) kA grahaNa hI nahIM ho skegaa| phalata: samasta anumAna utpATita ho jaayegaa| dhUma evaM agni meM to kAryakAraNa kA bheda hone se dhUma kA agni meM pratibandha kahanA evaM agni kA dhUma meM pratibandha nahIM kahanA ucita hai, kintu ziMzapAtva evaM vRkSatva ke saMdarbha meM sAdhya evaM sAdhana kA vyatireka (bheda) nahIM hone se aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ziMzapAtva kA vRkSatva meM pratibandha hai evaM vRkSatva kA zizapAtva meM nahIM, yadi aisA kaheMge to unameM abhedatA nahIM rhegii| isalie yA to ziMzapAtva evaM vRkSatva kA sarvathA tAdAtmya tyAga denA cAhie yA phira vRkSatva se ziMzapAtva kA bhI anumAna kara lenA caahie| inake atirikta koI avasthA nahIM bana sakatI / 296 bauddha mata meM sAmAnya 'sat' nahIM hai ataH usako AdhAra banAkara tadutpatti kA bhI vAdidevasUri ne khaNDana kiyA hai / vAdidevasUri kahate haiM ki tadutpatti bhI avinAbhAva kA kAraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki do sAmAnya padArthoM kA kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM hotA hai, kintu do vizeSa padArthoM meM kAryakAraNabhAva hotA hai / isake lie ve prabhAcandra kI bhAMti dhUmavizeSa evaM agnivizeSa kA udAharaNa dekara kahate haiM ki jina do vizeSoM dhUma evaM agni kA mahAnasa Adi meM kAryakAraNa bhAva jJAta hotA hai, unameM gamya-gamaka bhAva 295. svAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 534-35 296. svAdvAdaratnAkara, pU. 535

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anumAna pramANa nahIM hotA hai, tathA parvata- guphA meM vidyamAna jina dhUma evaM agni vizeSoM meM gamya- gamaka bhAva hai unakA kAryakAraNa bhAva jJAta nahIM hai| kAryakAraNa bhAva ke jJAta nahIM hone para unake avinAbhAva kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura avinAbhAva gRhIta hue binA yaha anumAna kA aMga nahIM banatA / parvatastha dhUma evaM agni ke avinAbhAva kA grahaNa hone para to hetu-jJAna kI velA meM hI sAdhya kA jJAna ho jAnA cAhie, usake anantara anumAna niSprayojana hai| isa prakAra vAdidevasUri ne tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti se avinAbhAva mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA hai| ve samasta samyak hetuoM meM vyApta svayogyatA ko hI avinAbhAva meM kAraNa mAnate haiM / svayogyatA se hI koI kisI ke sAtha avinAbhUta hai, saba sabake sAtha nahIM / 297 vyApti ke do rUpa prasiddha haiM - 1. antarvyApti aura 2. bahirvyApti / jaina dArzanikoM ne bahirvyApti kI apekSA antarvyApti ko adhika mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai| yahI nahIM vAdidevasUri ne antarvyApti ke dvArA sAdhya kA jJAna hone yA na hone, donoM sthitiyoM meM bahirvyApti ko vyartha mAnA hai29 297a pakSa meM hI sAdhana kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti hone ko antarvyApti tathA pakSa ke bAhara vyApti hone ko bahirvyApti kahA gayA hai / 297A samIkSaNa 269 vyApti ke svarUpa ko lekara jainadArzanikoM kA bauddhamata se virodha nahIM hai| donoM darzanoM meM avinAbhAvaniyama ko vyApti svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha avazya hai ki bauddhadarzana meM svabhAva - pratibandha ke rUpa meM avinAbhAvaniyama kA vidhiparaka pratipAdana bhI kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jainadarzana meM vyApti kA pratipAdana mUlataH niSedhaparaka hai| usase hI jaina dArzanikoM ne usakA tathopapannatva nAmaka vidhiparaka rUpa phalita kiyA hai| lekina jaina dArzanikoM dvArA prastuta tathopapannatva rUpa vyApti kI utanI spaSTa vyAkhyA nahIM karatA jitanI bauddha darzana meM 'svabhAva- pratibaMdha' zabda se kI gayI hai| bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM pratipAdita avinAbhAva niyama rUpa vyApti kA navya- naiyAyika gaMgeza ne khaNDana kiyA hai / gaNeza kA kathana hai ki avinAbhAvaniyama ko vyApti nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha kevalAnvayI anumAna meM avyApta hai|' 298 bauddha dArzanikoM ne tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti dvArA hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti svIkAra kI hai / unakA maMtavya hai ki jisase jisakI utpatti hotI hai usameM usakA avyabhicAra hotA hai evaM jisameM jisakA tAdAtmya hotA hai usameM bhI usakA avyabhicAra hotA hai| kintu lokavyavahArAbhimukha jaina dArzanika ina donoM sambandhoM se vyApti kA honA svIkAra nahI karate haiM / unake anusAra pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara AdiM aise aneka hetu haiM jinameM sAdhya ke sAtha na tAdAtmya hai aura na tadutpatti, tathApi unakI I 297. syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 535-36 297a. pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.37 297A. pramANanayatattrAloka, 3.38 298. nApyavinAbhAvaH kevalAnvayinyabhAvAt / tattvacintAmaNi, pUrvapakSa, vyAptiprakaraNa, tirUpati, 1982

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270 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti hotI hai / tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti kA akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda ne pratiSedha nahIM kiyA hai, kintu ve unheM paryApta nahIM mAnate haiM / isalie vidyAnanda ne yogyatA sambandha se hetu evaM sAdhya meM vyApti svIkAra kI hai / prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ne tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ko aparyApta hI nahIM mAnA, apitu unake dvArA vyApti svIkAra karane kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai / ina dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki tAdAtmya ke kAraNa jisa prakAra ziMzapA se vRkSa kA jJAna hotA hai usI prakAra vRkSa se ziMzapA kA jJAna honA cAhie,kyoMki tAdAtmya meM sAdhya va sAdhana kA bheda nahI kiyA jA sakatA / tadutpatti dvArA bhI vyApti kA honA ve khaNDita karate haiM,kyoMki agni se kevala dhUma hI utpanna nahIM hotA,zyAmatva Adi bhI utpanna hote haiM ,ataH unase bhI agni kI vyApti hokara sAdhya kA jJAna honA cAhie, kintu nahIM hotA hai| dUsarI bAta ve yaha kahate haiM ki agnisAmAnya evaM dhUma sAmAnya meM kAryakAraNa bhAva nahIM hotA hai, kintu agnivizeSa evaM dhUmavizeSa meM hI kAryakAraNa bhAva hotA hai| dhUma evaM agni ke kAryakAraNa bhAva kA jJAna mahAnasa meM hotA hai,parvata meM nahIM / isalie mahAnasa ke kAryakAraNabhAva yA tadutpatti jJAna se parvata kI agni ko siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaina dArzanikoM ne isalie sAdhya evaM sAdhana meM yogyatA sambandha se vyApti svIkAra kI hai tathA use sahabhAva evaM kramabhAva ke rUpa meM vibhakta kara sAdhya ke gamaka samasta hetuoM ko samAhita kara liyA hai,jo unakI vyApaka evaM laukika vyavahAra kI dRSTi ko spaSTa karatA hai / nyAyadarzana meM svAbhAvika sambandha rUpa vyApti kA grahaNa bhUyaH sahacAra darzana se sAmAnyalakSaNa pratyAsatti ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, kintu bhUyaHsahacAra darzana se dhUma evaM agni ke kAryakAraNa sambandha kA jJAna nahIM hotA / jabaki tarkapramANa se unake pArasparika avinAbhAva kA grahaNa svataH ho jAtA hai| parArthAnumAna parArthAnumAna kA svarUpa __svArthAnumAtA jaba pratijJA,hetu Adi kA kathana karake anya puruSa ko sAdhya kA jJAna karAtA hai, to use parArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai / para ke lie prayukta hone se yaha parArtha anumAna hai / 299 pramAtA hetu dvArA jaba sAdhya kA jJAna karatA hai to use svArthAnumAna kahA gayA hai tathA vahI pramAtA sAdhya kA jJAna karane ke anantara kisI anya puruSa ko hetu Adi kA kathana karake sAdhya kA jJAna karAtA hai to vaha parArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai / parArthAnumAna kA yaha svarUpa bauddha evaM jaina,donoM darzanoM ko mAnya hai| bauddha dArzanika dinAga ne svadRSTa artha ke prakAzana ko parArthAnumAna kahakara yahI tAtparya prakaTa kiyA hai|30deg svadRSTa artha kA tAtparya yahA~ para trirUpaliGga se jJAta anumeya artha hai / trirUpaliGga kA kathana karake svadRSTa artha kA prakAzana karanA parArthAnumAna hai,aisA jinendrabuddhi kI vizAlAmalavatI TIkA se spaSTa hotA hai / 201 bauddha darzana meM anumAna ke lie trirUpaliGga kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai, 299. parasmAyidaM parArtham |-nyaaybinduttiikaa 3.1, pR. 186 / / 300. parArthAnumAnaM tu svadRSTArthaprakAzanam / - dvAdazAranayacakra (ja.)- bhAga-1, bhoTa pariziSTa, pR. 125 301. svadRSTazcAsAvarthazceti svadRSTArthaH trirUpo hetuH sa yena vacanena prakAzyate tat parArthamanumAnam |-vishaalaamlvtii, uddhRta, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja) bhAga-1, bhoTa pariziSTa, pR.125

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anumAna-pramANa 271 isalie parArthAnumAna meM trirUpaliGga kA hI kathana svIkRta hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki dharmakIrti ne nyAyabindu meM trirUpaliGga kA AkhyAna karane ko parArthAnumAna kahA hai|302 zAntarakSita evaM kamalazIla ne bhI trirUpaliGga ke prakAzaka vacana ko parArthAnumAna kahakara yahI mata prakaTa kiyA hai / 303 eka rUpa athavA dvirUpa se yukta hetu kA kathana karane parave parArthAnumAna ko zakya nahIM mAnate,kyoMki taba hetu hetvAbhAsa hotA hai|304 __ jaina dArzanika anumAna meM trirUpaliGgagatA kA honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM, isalie ve trirUpaliGgagatA ke AdhAra para parArthAnumAna kA svarUpa prakaTa nahIM karate haiM / unake anusAra hetu kA lakSaNa sAdhyAvinAbhAvitA hai / isalie ve sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetu ke pratipAdaka vacana ko parArthAnumAna kahate haiM / siddhasena ne sAdhyAvinAbhAvI hetu ke pratipAdaka vacana ko hI parArthAnumAna kahA hai, kintu sAtha hI ve use pakSAdivacanAtmaka bhI pratipAdita karate haiM / 205 siddhasena ke anusAra svanizcaya ke samAna anya vyaktiyoM ko nizcaya karAnA parArtha pramANa hai / 306 ve kevala anumAna ko parArtha nahIM mAnate haiM,apitu usake samAna pratyakSa ko bhI parArtha pratipAdita karate haiM / unake mata meM anumAnavAkya kA kathana karake jisa prakAra anya puruSa ko hetu dvArA sAdhya kA jJAna karAyA jA sakatA hai usI prakAra svadRSTa yA nirNIta vastu kA kathana karake bhI anya ko usakA pratyakSa karAyA jA sakatA hai| isalie ve pratyakSa evaM anumAna donoM ko parArtha bhI mAnate haiM / 207 jaina dArzanikoM ne parArthAnumAna ke lie pratijJA (pakSa) evaM hetu ina do avayavoM kA kathana karanA Avazyaka mAnA hai, isalie siddhasena ne parArthAnumAna ko pakSAdivacanAtmaka bhI kahA hai| vAdidevasUri ne bhI siddhasena kA anukaraNa karate hue pakSa evaM hetu ke vacana ko parArthAnumAna mAnA hai / 208 bauddha dArzanika parArthAnumAna meM pakSavacana Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM, isalie unhoMne trirUpaliGga ke vacana ko hI parArthAnumAna pratipAdita kiyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki parArthAnumAna ko bauddha evaM jaina donoM darzana vacanAtmaka pratipAdita karate haiN| prazna hotA hai ki parArthAnumAna vacanAtmaka yA zabdAtmaka hote hue bhI pramANa kyoM mAnA gayA hai? ye 302. trirUpaliGgAkhyAnaM parArthamanumAnam / - nyAyabindu, 3.1 303.(1) trirUpaliGgavadanaM parArthaM punarucyate |-ttvsnggrh, 1362 (2) yathoktatrirUpaliGgaprakAzakavacanAtmakaM draSTavyam / - tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, pR. 495 304. ekaikadvidvirUpo'thoM liGgAbhAsastato mataH / - tattvasaGgraha, 1362 305. sAdhyAvinAbhuvo hetorvaco yatpratipAdakam / parArthamanumAnaM tat pkssaadivcnaatmkm||-nyaayaavtaar, 13 306. svanizcayavadanyeSAM nizcayotpAdanaM budhaiH / parArtha mAnamAkhyAtaM, vAkyaM tdupcaartH|-nyaayaavtaar , 10 307. pratyakSeNAnumAnena prasiddhArthaprakAzanAt / parasya tadupAyatvAt parArthatvaM yorapi |-nyaayaavtaar, 11 308. pakSahetuvacanAtmakaM parArdhamanumAnamupacArAt / -pramANanayatattvAloka ,3.23

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272 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA donoM darzana pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka svIkAra karate haiM, ataH inake dvArA anumAna ko vacanAtmaka mAnanA saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai / isa samasyA kA samAdhAna bauddha dArzanikoM ne kAraNa para kArya kA upacAra mAnakara kiyA hai / 309 dharmottara kA kathana hai ki trirUpaliGga kA kathana karane se smRti utpanna hotI hai, smRti se anumAna hotA hai isalie trirUpaliGga kA vacana anumAna rUpa kArya kI utpatti meM paramparA se kAraNa hai| trirUpaliGga vacana rUpa kAraNa para kArya kA upacAra yA Aropa karake bauddha dArzanika liGgavacana ko bhI anumAna pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN|31deg jainadArzanikoM ne bhI yahI samAdhAna apanAyA hai| vAdidevasari ne upacAra se hI parArthAnumAna ko pakSahetuvacanAtmaka kahA hai|311 mANikyanandI evaM hemacandra ne pakSa evaM hetuvacana ko upacAra se kAraNa para kArya kA Aropa mAnakara parArthAnumAna svIkAra to kiyA hai|12 kintu ve use jJAnAtmaka rUpa meM bhI pratipAdita karane kA prayAsa karate haiM / mANikyanandI kahate haiM ki svArthAnumAna ke viSayabhUta artha kA parAmarza karane vAle vacanoM se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai,vaha parArthAnumAna hai / 313 hemacandra ne bhI sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAva rakhane vAle sAdhana ke kathana se utpanna jJAna ko parArthAnumAna kahA hai|314 isa prakAra ye donoM dArzanika parArthAnumAna ko jJAnAtmaka rUpa meM pratipAdita kara jaina pramANa-lakSaNa ko avyApti doSa se bacA lete haiN| Atyantika rUpa se ye bhI pakSahetuvacana ko parArthAnumAna kahane kA niSedha nahIM karate haiN| pakSa hetuvAkya ko bhI ve parArthAnumAna kA janaka hone ke kAraNa anya dArzanikoM kI bhAMti upacAra se pramANa mAnate haiM / vAdidevasUrine parArthAnumAna ko zrotA ke svArthAnumAna kA kAraNa mAnA hai / unhoMne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki anumAnavAkya kA prayoga karane para zrotA ko jo sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai vaha svArthAnumAna se arthAt vyAptiyukta hetu se hI hotA hai| vaktA ke dvArA anumAna vAkya 'pakSa-hetuvacana' kA jo prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha zrotA ke svArthAnumAna kA kAraNa banatA hai isalie vaha parArthAnumAna mAnA gayA hai|315ddaa. darabArI lAla koThiyA ne devasUri ke sthApana se sahamati prakaTa kI hai,316 jo ucita hai| zAntarakSita ne bhI tatvasaMgraha meM parArthAnumAna ko zrotA kI apekSA se pramANa mAnA hai, vaktA kI apekSA se nhiiN|317 309. kAraNe kAryopacArAt |-nyaaybindu, 3.2 / / 310. trirUpaliGgAbhidhAnAt trirUpalismRtirutpadyate / smRteshcaanumaanm| tasmAt anumAnasya paramparayA virUpalibhAbhidhAnaM kAraNaM / tasmin kAraNe vacane kAryasya anumAnasyopacAraH samAropaH kriyate / tataH samAropAt kAraNaM vacanaM anumAnazabdenocyate |-nyaayvinduttiikaa 3.2, pR. 187 311. draSTavya, uparyukta pAdaTippaNa,308 312(1) tadvacanamapi taddhetutvAt / parIkSAmukha, 3.52 (2) vacanamupacArAt |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 2.1.2 313. parAvaM tu tadarthaparAmarzivacanAjAtam / - parIkSAmukha, 3.51 314. yathoktasAdhanAbhidhAnajaH praardhm|-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 2.1.1 315. sthAdAdaralAkara, 3.23, pR.548-49 316. jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAnavicAra, pR.124 317. yatparArthAnumAnatvamuktaM tacchrotrapekSayA / - tattvasaMgraha, 1478

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anumAna-pramANa 273 isa prakAra parArthAnumAna ke svarUpa ko lekara jaina evaM bauddha darzanoM meM koI vivAda nahIM hai / donoM hI use vacanAtmaka mAnate haiM / unakA prathama vivAda hetu ke rUpya ko lekara hai,jisakI carcA hetulakSaNa meM kI jA cukI hai| dUsarA vivAda pakSa-vacana ko lekara hai / bauddha dArzanika parArthAnumAna meM pakSavacana kA pratiSedha karate haiM,jabaki jaina dArzanika hetu ke sAtha pakSa kA kathana karanA bhI Avazyaka mAnate haiN| parArthAnumAna ke bhedaH bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne prayoga bheda se parArthAnumAna ke do prakAra batAe haiN| 1. sAdharmyavat evaM 2.vaidharmyavat / 18 sAdharmyavat meM dRSTAnta-dharmI evaM sAdhyadharmI meM hetu ke dvArA sAdRzya kahA jAtA hai tathA vaidharmyavat meM dRSTAntadharmI evaM sAdhyadharmI meM hetu ke dvArA vaisAdRzya kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai / jisa parArthAnumAna meM hetu vAkya kA sAdharmya kahA jAtA hai vaha sAdharmyavat hotA hai tathA jisameM vaidharmya kahA jAtA hai vaha vaidharmyavata hotA hai| ye donoM prakAra trirUpaliGgakA AkhyAna karate haiM |atH inameM arthataH koI bheda nahIM hai / 32deg prayoga kI dRSTi se hI bheda hai| nyAyadarzana meM prayukta anvaya evaM vyatireka prayoga yahAM kramazaH sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya se sAmya rakhate haiN| jaina dArzanika hemacandra ne bhI parArthAnumAna ke isI prakAra do bheda kiye haiM-(1) tathopapatti evaM (2) anyathAnupapatti / 321 hemacandra ke pUrva siddhasena vAdidevasari Adi ke graMthoM meM tathopapatti evaM anyathAnupapatti ke rUpa meM dvividha hetu prayoga nirUpita kiye gaye haiM,222 unhIM hetu prayogoM ko hemacandrAcArya ne parArthAnumAna ke bhedoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / tathopapatti kA artha hai,sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA evaM anyathAnupapatti kA artha hai sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA abhAva honaa|323 tathopapatti evaM anyathAnupapatti ke tAtparya meM koI bheda nahIM hai, donoM ke dvArA hI sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai|324 ataH donoM meM se eka kA hI prayoga upAdeya hai,kyoMki eka ke prayoga se hI sAdhya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / 325 parArthAnumAna ke avayava . bauddha darzana meM parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM para vicAra karane ke anantara vidita hotA hai ki bauddha 318. tad diviSam / prayogabhedAt / sAdharmyavad vaidhrmyvcceti|-nyaayvindu. 3.3,4,5 319. dRSTAntadharmiNA saha sAdhyadharmiNaH sAdRzya hetukRtaM sAdharmyamucyate / asAdRzyaM ca hetukRtaM vaidharmyamucyate / - dharmottara, nyAyavinduTIkA, 3.5, pR.190 320.(1) nAnayorarthataH kazcid bhedH|-nyaaybindu, 3.6 (2) dAmyAmapi trirUpaM liGgaprakAzyata eva / -nyAyavinduTIkA, 3.6, pR. 192 321. tad devA / tathopapattyanyathAnupapattibhedAt |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 2.1.3,4 322.(1)hetostathopapatyA vA syAtprayogo'nyacApi vaa| dividho'nyatareNApi sAdhyasiddhirbhavediti nyAyAvatAra,17 (2) hetuprayogastathopapattyanyathAnupapattimyAM dviprkaarH|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.29 323. satyeva sAdhye hetorupapattistathopapatti; asati sAdhye hetoranupapattirevAnyathAnupapattiH |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.30 324. nAnayostAtparya bhedaH |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 2.1.5 325. ata eva nobhayoHprayogaH |-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 2.1.6 - *

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274 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA dArzanika nyAyadarzana meM pratipAdita pratijJA, upanaya evaM nigamana kA khaNDana karate haiN| unake mata meM paMcAvayava paramparA aMgIkRta nahIM hai / sthUla rUpa se bauddha darzana meM parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM ke sambandha meM cAra prakAra ke ullekha milate haiM1. tIna avayava - nyAyapraveza meM pakSa,hetu evaM dRSTAnta ko parArthAnumAna kA avayava pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| nyAyapravezakAra kA mata hai ki pakSa,hetu evaM dRSTAnta vacanoM se prAznikoM ko apratIta artha kA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai / 326 2.do avayava- (1) dharmakIrti Adi dArzanikoM ne nyAyapraveza meM pratipAdita tIna avayavoM meM se pakSa ko nikAlakara zeSa do avayavoM ko upAdeya mAnA hai|327 dharmakIrti, zAntarakSita Adi ne pakSa ko athavA pratijJA ko anumAna kA avayava mAnane kA vistAra se khaNDana kiyA hai / dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya donoM prakAra ke anumAnoM meM pakSa kA nirdeza karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai / 328 (2) mokSAkaragupta ne tarkabhASA meM vyApti evaM pakSadharmatA ko anumAna kA aMga kahA hai|329 mokSAkaragupta pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa upanaya evaM nigamana ina pAMcoM avayavoM kA khaNDana kara vyApti evaM pakSadharmatA ko parArthAnumAna ke Avazyaka avayava mAnate haiM / 33deg navyanyAya saraNi meM tathA kezavamizra kI tarkabhASA meM bhI vyApti evaM pakSadharmatA ko hI anumAna kA aMga mAnA gayA hai|331 3. ekAvayava - dharmakIrti viziSTa vyutpanna adhikArI ke lie kevala eka hI avayava 'hetu' ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM, usake lie ve dRSTAnta vacana kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM mAnate / 332 / / jaina dArzanikoM meM pakSa evaM hetu ko anumAna kA avayava mAnane kI dhAraNA balavatI rahI hai| siddhasena ,mANikyanandI,prabhAcandra,devasUri, hemacandra Adi samasta jaina dArzanika isakA pratipAdana evaM samarthana karate haiM / jaina darzana ke sampUrNa vAGmaya para dRSTipAta kiyA jAya to isameM pratipAdya puruSa ke anusAra avayavoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai / pramukha rUpa se avayavoM ke sambandha meM nimna ullekha milate haiN| 1- zvetAmbara jainAcArya bhadrabAhu ne dazavakAlikasUtra kI niyukti meM do,pAMca evaM daza avayavoM kA 326. pakSahetudRSTAntavacanaihi prAznikAnAmapratIto'rthaH pratipAdyata iti / - nyAyapraveza, pR. 1 327. dharmakIrti ne udAharaNa evaM upanaya ina do avayavoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai / -bhAratIya darzana meM anumAna, pR. 291 328. dvayorapyanayoH prayogayo vazyaM pakSanirdezaH |-nyaaybindu, 3.34 329. vyAptipakSadharmatAsaMjJakaM yavayavameva sAdhanavAkyaM saugatAnAm, |-trkbhaassaa (mokSAkara), pR.14 330. tarkabhASA (mokSAkara), pR.14 331. anumAnasya dve aMge vyAptiH pakSadharmatA ca / - kezavamitra, tarkabhASA, anumaanniruupnn| ' 332.(1) tadbhAvahetubhAvo hi dRSTAnte tdvedinH| khyApyete, viduSAM vAcyo hetureva hi kevalaH -pramANavArtika , 3.27 (2) virUpo heturuktaH / tAvatA cArthapratItiriti na pRthagdRSTAnto nAma sAdhanAvayavaH kazcit tena nAsya lakSaNaM pRthak ucyate gatArthatvAt |-nyaaybindu, 3.121

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anumAna-pramANa 275 ullekha kiyA hai / 333 do avayavoM meM ve pratijJA evaM hetu ko athavA pratijJA evaM udAharaNa ko sammilita karate haiN| paMcAvayavoM meM unhoMne nyAyadarzana kI bhAMti pratijJA,hetu, dRSTAnta,upasaMhAra evaM nigamana kA samAveza kiyA hai| dazAvayavoM kA ullekha ve do prakAra se karate haiM / prathama prakAra meM 1 pratijJA 2. pratijJAvizuddhi 3.hetu 4.hetuvizuddhi 5. dRSTAnta 6.dRSTAntavizuddhi 7.upasaMhAra 8.upasaMhAravizuddhi 9. nigamana evaM 10. nigamanavizuddhi ko svIkAra karate haiM tathA dvitIya prakAra meM 1. pratijJA, 2. pratijJAvibhakti, 3. hetu, 4. hetuvibhakti, 5. vipakSa,6. vipakSapratiSedha,7. dRSTAnta,8. AzaMkA,9. AzaMkApratiSedha evaM 10.nigamana ko nirUpita karate haiN|334 2-do avayava siddhasena ,335 akalaGka 336 vidyAnanda 337 mANikyanandI ,338 devasUri 339 hemacandra 34deg Adi ne pakSa evaM hetu ina do avayavoM kA vizada pratipAdana kiyA haiN| jainadArzanikoM ne vyutpanna pratipAdya ke lie hI ina do avayavoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai, avyutpannoM ke lie nahIM / bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti Adi pakSa ko anumAna kA avayava nahIM mAnate haiN| unakI isa mAnyatA kA jainadArzanikoM ne balapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai tathA pakSa ko bhI anumAna kA avayava siddha kiyA hai| 3- paMcAvayava - yadi pratipAdya puruSa avyutpanna ho to usake lie pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upanaya evaM nigamana ina pAMcoM avayavoM kA upAdAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / mANikyanandI evaM devasUri ke graMthoM meM isakA spaSTa pratipAdana hai / 341 / inake atirikta eka evaM tIna avayavoM ko mAnane ke bhI saMketa milate haiN| vAdidevasUri ne syAdvAdaratnAkara meM,bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti kI bhAMti atyanta vyutpanna pratipAdya puruSa ke lie eka avayava hetu' ko hI paryApta mAnA hai / 342 darabArI lAla koThiyA ne gRddhapiccha evaM siddhasena ke mata meM tIna avayavoM pakSa,hetu evaM dRSTAnta ko prastuta kiyA hai / 343 333. dazavakAlikaniyukti, gAthA 89-137 evaM gAthA 49 334. vAtsyAyana ke nyAyabhASya meM bhI daza avayavoM kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu unameM kucha bhinnatA hai / pA~ca to gautama praNIta pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya evaM nigamana hai tathA anya pAMca meM jijJAsA, saMzaya, zakyaprApti, prayojana evaM saMzayavyudAsa haiM / draSTavya, nyAyabhASya, 1.1.32, pR.80 335.draSTavya,nyAyAvatAra 13-16 evaM 20 336. jainatarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra, pR.163 337. sAdhyanirdezasahitasyaiva hetoH prayogArhatvasamarthanAt / - patraparIkSA, pR.9 338. etaddyamevAnumAnAGgaMnodAharaNam |-priikssaamukh, 3.37 339. pakSahetuvacanalakSaNamavayavadvayameva parapratipatteraMgaM na dRSTAntAdivacanam |-prmaannnytttvaalok , 3.28 340. pramANamImAMsA, 2.1.8 19 341.(1) bAlavyutpattyartha tatrayopagame zAstra evAso, na vaade'nupyogaat|- parIkSAmukha,3.42 ___ (2) mandamatIstu vyutpAdayituM dRSTAntopanayanigamanAnyapi prayojyAni |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.42 342. ativyutpannamatipratipAdhApekSavA punadhUmo'tra dRzyata ityAdi hetumAtravacanAtmakamapi tdbhvti| -syAdvAdaralAkara 3.23, pR.548 343. draSTavya, jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAnavicAra, pR. 159-162

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276 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadaSTi se samIkSA saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne pratipAdya puruSa ke anusAra anumAna ke avayavoM ko aMgIkAra kiyA hai, 344 tathApi sarvAdhika prasiddhi pakSa evaM hetu ina do avayavoM ko mAnane kI huii| jaina dArzanikoM ne parArthAnumAna ke samaya pratijJA kA kathana karanA yA pakSa kA nirdeza karanA Avazyaka mAnA hai, kintu dharmakIrti Adi dArzanika ise Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiN| dharmakIrti Adi dArzanikoM ke mata kA jaina dArzanikoM ne nirasana kiyA hai,ata: aba pakSa-vacana para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| pakSa-vacana-vimarza pakSa yA pakSavacana zabda kA artha yahAM pratijJA hai / gautama, vAtsyAyana Adi nyAyadArzanikoM ne paMcAvayava meM pratijJA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 345 usake sthAna para hI bauddha jaina evaM uttaravartI nyAyadarzana meM pakSavacana zabda kA prayoga huA hai|346 bauddha dArzanika hetu kA pakSa meM rahanA (pakSadharmatA) anivArya mAnate haiM,347 kintu parArthAnumAna ke samaya pakSa kA kathana karanA Avazyaka nahIM mAnate / dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya donoM prakAra ke anumAnoM meM pakSa kA nirdeza karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai|348 jaina dArzanika isa mata ke ThIka viparIta pratipAdana karate haiN| ve hetu kA pakSa meM rahanA Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu parArthAnumAna ke samaya pakSa kA kathana karanA Avazyaka mAnate haiN|349 bauddha dArzanika parArthAnumAna ke samaya pakSa kA nirdeza karanA saMbhavataHisalie Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM,kyoMki ve hetu ke dvArA hI pakSadharmatA kA grahaNa kara lete haiN| bauddhamata meM vahI hetu saddhetu hai jisameM pakSadharmatva,sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva rUpa trairUpya ho| jaina dArzanikoM ne hetulakSaNa meM pakSadharmatA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / isalie ve parArthAnumAna ke samaya pratijJA ke rUpa meM usakA kathana karanA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| pakSavacana ke prayoga kI AvazyakatA yA anAvazyakatA para vicAra karane ke pUrva yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki 'pakSa'zabda kA prayoga bauddha evaM jainadArzanikoM ne kina-kina arthoM meM kiyA hai| diGnAga ke ziSya zaGkarasvAmI kI racanA nyAyapraveza meM pakSa kA svarUpa isa prakAra diyA gayA hai 'pakSaH prasiddho dharmI prasiddhavizeSeNa viziSTatayA svayaM sAdhyatvenepsitaH / pratyakSAdyaviruddha iti 344. prayogaparipATI tu pratipAdyAnurodhataH / - kumAranandI, uddhata, pramANaparIkSA, pR.72 345. prtijnyaahetuudaahrnnopnynigmnaanyvyvaaH|-nyaaysuutr, 1.1.32 346.(1) pakSaH prasiddho dhrmii|-nyaayprvesh, pR.1 (2) sAdhyAbhyupagamaH sa pkssH|-nyaayaavtaar, 14 347. anumeye sattvameva nizcitam - nyAyabindu, 2.5 348. yorapyanayoH prayogayo vazyaM pkssnirdeshH|-nyaaybindu, 3.34 349. pakSaprayogo'pyavazyamAzrayitavyaH |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.24

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anumAna-pramANa 277 vaakyshessH| 35deg arthAt pakSa prasiddha dharmI hotA hai jo prasiddha (sAdhya rUpa)vizeSaNa se viziSTa hokara svayaM sAdhya ke rUpa meM iSTa hotA hai tathA pratyakSAdi se aviruddha hotA hai / nyAyapravezakAra ke kathana se iMgita hotA hai ki ve pakSa ko sAdhya dharma se yukta mAnate haiM tathA sAtha hI pakSa ko sAdhya ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra karate haiN|' dharmakIrti praNIta hetulakSaNa ke prasaMga meM dharmottara ne 'anumeya' zabda kI vividha vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM, tadanusAra ve hetulakSaNa kA nizcaya karate samaya dharmI ko anumeya,sAdhya kA jJAna karate samaya dharma evaM dharmI ke samudAya ko anumeya,tathA vyAptinizcayakAla meM dharma ko anumeya pratipAdita karate haiN|351 dharmI zabda kA artha prAya: 'pakSa' kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki vaha sAdhya rUpa dharma se viziSTa hotA hai| parArthAnumAna ke prasaMga meM dharmottara ke anusAra dharmakIrti ne pakSa evaM sAdhya meM koI antara nahIM kiyA hai|352 dharmakIrti pakSa ke svarUpa kA nirdeza karate hue kahate haiM- 'svarUpeNaiva svayamiSTo'nirAkRtaH iti|353 pakSa ke isa lakSaNa dvArA dharmakIrti ne pakSa kI pAMca vizeSatAoM ko prakAzita kiyA hai1vaha siddha nahIM rahatA 2.sAdhana nahIM hotA 3.svayaM vAdI dvArA siddha karanA abhISTa hotA hai 4.zabdoM se kabhI ukta hotA hai evaM kabhI anukta tathA 5.pratyakSAdi pramANoM se anirAkRta rahatA hai / 354 ina pAMca vizeSatAoM se yukta sAdhya ko hI dharmakIrti ne pakSa kahA hai, anyathA hone para ve use pakSAbhAsa mAnate haiM / yadyapi dharmakIrti pakSa ko anumAna kA avayava nahIM mAnate haiM tathApi sAdhya evaM asAdhya ke viveka ke lie unhoMne pakSalakSaNa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 355 jaina dArzanika siddhasena ke anusAra sAdhya kA abhyupagama hI pakSa hai / vaha pakSa pratyakSAdi anya pramANoM se anirAkRta hotA hai evaM hetu ke viSaya kA prakAzaka hotA hai / 356 siddhasena kA yaha pakSalakSaNa jaina dArzanika pramANa-mImAMsA kI dRSTi se upayukta pratIta hotA hai,kyoMki isameM kisI dharmI kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| dharmI meM hetu kA honA jaina dArzanika Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiN| akalaGkane sAdhya ko pakSa kahA hai / parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM kI akalaGka ne kahIM vizada carcA nahIM kI hai,usI krama meM ve sAdhya evaM pakSa meM bheda kA nirdeza bhI nahIM karate haiN| sAdhya kA lakSaNa dete hue akalaGka ne kahA hai'jo zakya (abAdhita,anirAkRta).abhipreta evaM aprasiddha hotA hai tathA sAdhana kA viSaya banatA hai vaha sAdhya hai|57 akalaGkane dharmakIrti kI bhAMti dharmI ko pakSa nahIM mAnA hai tathA dharmakIrti ke dvArA 350. nyAyapraveza, pR.1 351. atra hetulakSaNe nizcetavye dharmI anumeyaH / anyatra, tu sAdhyapratipattikAle samudAyo'numeyaH / vyAptinizcayakAle tu dharmo'numeya iti |-nyaayvinduttiikaa, 2.6, pR.111 352. pakSasya sAdhyatvAn nAparamasti ruupm|-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 3.39, pR. 237 353. nyAyabindu, 3.38 354. draSTavya, nyAyabinduTIkA, 3.54, pR. 259 355. sAdhyAsAdhyavipratipattinirAkaraNAca pksslkssnnmuktm|- nyAyabanduTIkA, 3.38, pR.236 356. sAdhyAbhyupagamaH pakSaH prtykssaadyniraakRtH|-nyaayaavtaar 14 357.sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddha tato'parama / sAdhyAbhAsaM viruddhAdi sAdhanAviSayatvataH ||-nyaayvinishcy,172-73

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA upacAra se dharmI ko pakSa mAnane 358 kA khaNDana kiyA hai / 359 vidyAnanda ne akalaGka kI bhAMti sAdhyadharma ko pakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki hetu kA avinAbhAva sAdhya ke sAtha hai, ataH sAdhya dharma hI anumeya yA pakSa hai / 360 mANikyanandI, dharmakIrti se prabhAvita haiM, ataH unhoMne vyAptinizcaya kAla meM dharma ko sAdhya mAnA hai evaM anumiti kAla meM dharmaviziSTa dharmI ko sAdhya kahA hai / dharmaviziSTa dharmI kA paryAya zabda ve pakSa ko mAnate haiM, kintu pakSa kA paryAya sAdhya ko nahIM / mANikyanandI kA hI anusaraNa vAdidevasUri ne kiyA hai / 362 hemacandra abhISTa, asiddha evaM abAdhita sAdhya ko hI pakSa kahate haiM / isa prakAra jaina darzana meM asiddha, anirAkRta evaM abhIpsita sAdhya ko pakSa kahA gayA hai athavA sAdhyaviziSTa dharmI ko pakSa mAnA gayA hai, jo bauddha dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA se koI virodha nahIM rakhatA / , 361 363 278 parArthAnumAna ke samaya pakSavacana athavA pratijJA ko anAvazyaka mAnane vAle bauddha mata kI jainadArzanika siddhasena, mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ne AlocanA kI hai tathA pakSanirdeza kI upAdeyatA pratipAdita kI hai / siddhasena divAkara ne pakSa-prayoga ko hetu ke viSaya kA dIpaka batalAkara usakI upAdeyatA siddha kI hai| 364 siddhasena kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra dhanurdhArI dvArA binA lakSyanirdeza ke bANa calAne para darzaka puruSa usake lakSyavedha kI pravINatA ko bhI doSa evaM apravINatA ko bhI guNa samajha sakatA hai, isI prakAra binA pakSanirdeza ke vAdI ke abhISTa hetu ko bhI prativAdI viSaya kI aspaSTatA ke bhrAnta hokara use viruddha hetu samajha sakatA hai, isalie abhISTa pakSa kA nirdeza karanA Avazyaka hai| 365 mANikyanandI pratipAdita karate haiM ki sAdhya ke gamyamAna hone para bhI usakA kathana karanA Avazyaka hai ! sAdhyadharma ke AdhAra rUpa pakSa kA yadi kathana nahIM kiyA jAya to usake viSaya meM koI sandeha raha sakatA hai, ataH usake nivAraNArtha pakSa kA kathana karanA samucita hai| pakSavacana ke prayoga 366 358. pakSo dharmI avayave samudAyopacArAt / - hetubindu, pR. 52 359. pakSo dharmItyupacAre taddharmatApi na siddhA / - siddhivinizcaya, 6.2, pR. 373 360. sAdhya eva pakSa iti pratipattavyaM taddharmatvasyaivAvinAbhAvitvaniyamAdityucyate / -: - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.161, pR. 296 361. (1) sAdhyaM dharmaH kvacittadviziSTo vA dharmI / pakSa iti yAvat / - parIkSAmukha, 3.21,22 (2) vyAptau tu sAdhyaM dharma eva / parIkSAmukha, 3.28 362. vyAptigrahaNasamayApekSayA sAdhyaM dharma eva / anyathA tadanupapatteH / AnumAnikapratipattyavasarApekSayA tu pakSAparaparyAyastadviziSTaH prasiddho dharmI / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.18,20 363. siSAdhayiSitamasiddhamabAdhyaM sAdhyaM pakSaH / - pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.13, pR. 45 364. tatprayogo'tra kartavyo hetogacaradIpakaH / - nyAyAvatAra, 14 365. anyathA vAdyabhipreta hetu gocaramohinaH / pratyAyyasya bhaved hetu viruddhArekito yathA // dhAnuSkaguNasaMprekSijanasya parividhyataH / dhAnuSkasya vinA lakSyanirdezana guNetarau ||-nyaayaavtaar, 15,16 366. sAdhya dharmAdhArasandehApanodAya gamyamAnasyApi pakSasya vacanam ! - parIkSAmukha, 3.30

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anumAna-pramANa 279 kI AvazyakatA batalAte hue mANikyanandI kahate haiM ki sAdhyadharma se yukta dharmI meM sAdhanadharma kA jJAna karAne ke lie jisa prakAra nyAyadarzana meM pakSadharma ke upasaMhAra rUpa upanaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai,usI prakAra sAdhya kA dharmI ke sAtha sambandha batAne ke lie bhI pakSa kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai|367 bauddhoM para AkSepa karate hue mANikyanandI kahate haiM ki kauna aisA vAdI athavA prativAdI hogA jo svabhAva,kArya evaM anupalabdhi ke bheda se tIna prakAra ke hetu kA kathana karake unakA samarthana karatA huA bhI pakSa kA prayoga na kare? arthAt pakSa-prayoga nitAnta Avazyaka hai / 368 hetu ke asiddhAdi doSoM kA parihAra kara sAdhya ko siddha karane hetu pakSa kA Alambana lenA hI par3atA hai / mANikyanandI ke ina tarkoM kA prayoga vAdidevasUri ne bhI kiyA hai tathA anumAnavAkya meM pakSaprayoga kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI hai|369 prabhAcandra pakSavacana kI AvazyakatA kA pratipAdana karane hetu bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki bauddha dArzanika pakSavacana kA prayoga Avazyaka kyoM nahIM mAnate haiM ? sAdhya kI siddhi meM pratibaMdhaka hone ke kAraNa athavA prayojana kA abhAva hone se? ve ina donoM praznoM kA pratyuttara dete hue kahate haiM ki pakSavacana,sAdhya kI siddhi meM bAdhaka nahIM hai,kyoMki vAdI ke dvArA jaba sAdhya ke avinAbhAvI hetu se apane pakSa kI siddhi kI jAtI hai to pakSa kA prayoga sAdhya kI siddhi meM bAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA,apitu usase pratipakSa asiddha ho jAtA hai| dvitIyapakSa bhI yukta nahIM hai,kyoMki pakSa prayoga prayojana yukta haiN| pakSa-prayoga se pratipAdya puruSa ko pratipatti hotI haiM tathA pakSa prayoga nahIM karane para mandabuddhi logoM ko prakRta artha kI pratipatti nahIM ho pAtI hai| jo vyutpanna loga pakSaprayoga ke binA bhI prakRta sAdhya artha kI pratipatti kara lete haiM unake lie to pakSaprayoga na karanA jainoM ko bhI abhISTa hai,jaisA ki kahA hai - pratipAdya puruSa ke anusAra parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM kA prayoga karanA cAhie / 27deg ataHgamyamAna pakSa kA bhI prayoga karanA ucita hai,anyathA zAstra ke prArambha meM bhI pratijJA kA prayoga karanA saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA / bauddha -zAstroM meM niyatakathA ke prasaMga meM yahAM agni hai,dhUma hone se, yaha vRkSa hai ,ziMzapA hone se' Adi vAkyoM meM pakSa kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hI hai, ataH usakA pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi zAstra meM pratipAdya ke anugrahArtha pratijJA prayogayukta hai to vAda meM bhI pratijJA (pakSa) prayoga ko yukta mAnanA cAhie / trividha hetu kA kathana kara bauddha usakA samarthana karate haiM ata: yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ki ve pakSaprayoga ko aMgIkAra na kareM / hetu kA kathana pakSavacana ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai,yadi gamyamAna pakSa meM hetu kA pravartana hotA hai to isI prakAra gamyamAna hetu kA bhI samarthana honA cAhie / arthAt hetu kA kathana karane kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM honI caahie| yadi mandamati ko samajhAne ke 367. sAdhyadharmiNi sAdhanadharmAvabodhAya pakSadharmopasaMhAravacanavat / - parIkSAmukha, 3.31 368. ko vA tridhA hetumuktvA samarthayamAno na pakSayati |-priikssaamukh, 3.32 369. (1) sAdhyasya pratiniyatadharmidharmahatorupasaMhAravacanavat pakSaprayogo'pyavazyamAzrayitavyaH |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.24(2) trividhaM sAdhanamabhidhAyaiva tatsamarthanaM vidadhAnaH kaH khala na pakSaprayogamar3Ikurute |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.25 370. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 344

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280 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA lie gamyamAna hetu kA bhI kathana karanA par3atA hai to isI prakAra maMdamati kI pratipatti ke lie pakSavacana kA bhI prayoga karanA ucita hai|371 vAdidevasUri ne bauddha mata kA pUrvapakSa meM upanyAsa kara usakA vidhivat khaNDana kiyA hai| mANikyanandI evaM prabhAcandra ke tarkoM ko bhI vAdideva ne apanAyA hai, kintu yahAM unake navIna tarka upasthApita haiN| bauddha - pakSa kA jJAna vivAda se hI ho jAtA hai,ataH parArthAnumAna meM pakSa kA kathana karanA anupapanna haiN| viruddha vAda ko vivAda kahate haiM,yathA eka ne kahA- 'zabda nitya hai.' dUsare ne kahA 'zabda anitya hai' yaha vivAda hai / vivAda kA prasaMga hone para anumAna meM pakSa pratIta hotA hI hai,ataH binA prayojana pakSa kA kathana karanA anucita hai| ___yadi pakSa sAdhya artha kA pratipAdana karane rUpa prayojana se yukta hai ataH usakA kathana Avazyaka hai to aisA mAnanA anucita hai,kyoMki akelA pakSa-vacana sAdhya artha kA pratipAdana karatA hai athavA hetu se samanvita hokara vaha sAdhya artha kA pratipAdana karatA hai? akelA pakSavacana sAdhya artha kA pratipAdana nahIM karatA anyathA hetu kA kathana karanA vyartha ho jAyegA / yadi hetu se yukta hokara hI pakSa sAdhya artha kA pratipAdana karatA hai, to usameM hetu kA hI sAmarthya mAnanA ucita hai / ataH pakSavacana kA prayoga anAvazyaka hai|372 vAdidevasUri-vivAda se pakSa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, ataH pakSa kA kathana anucita hai, bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA ayukta haiM / vivAda se pakSa kI pratIti do prakAra se hotI hai-(1)vAdI yA prativAdI ke kisI vacana se virodha hone para evaM (2) prastuta anumAna se vAkyAvayavAntaroM meM ekavAkyatA prApta hone ke kAraNa utpanna vivAda se / inameM yadi prathama pakSa ke anusAra ativyutpanna buddhi vAle puruSa ko vivAda se pratIti ho jAya to bhI anya puruSoM ko unase pakSa kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai,ataH unake lie pakSa kA kathana karanA Avazyaka hai| dvitIya pakSa jaina dArzanikoM ko bhI abhISTa hai kyoMki dUsare ke dvArA (prativAdI dvArA svIkRta pakSa ke viparIta pakSa ko rakhakara usakI siddhi karane ke lie hetu Adi anya avayavoM kA kathana karanA jaina dArzanika bhI svIkAra karate haiN| pakSa-vacana ke prayojana kA abhAva batalAnA anucita hai, kyoMki usake prayojana kA abhAva asiddha hai / pakSavacana kA prayojana hai pratipAdya puruSa ko pakSa kA jJAna karAnA / pratipAdya puruSa bhI do prakAra ke hote haiM- (1) kuNThamati (mandamati) puruSa aura (2) tIkSNamati puruSa / kuNThamati puruSa ko pakSa kA prayoga kiye binA prakRta (sAdhya) artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| tIkSNamati puruSa ko pakSaprayoga ke 371.(1) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2 sUtra 3.35, pR. 375-77(2) vAdidevasUri ne bhI isI prakAra ke tarka diye haiM / draSTavya, syAdvAdaratnAkara, 3.23, pR.550-51(3) draSTavya, nyAyakumudacandra,pR.435-438 372. syAdvAdaralAkara 3.23, pR.549-50

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anumAna-pramANa 281 binA bhI prakRta (sAdhya) artha kA jJAna honA ucita hai,ataHjaina mata meM bhI tIkSNamati puruSa ke lie pakSa prayoga ko aMgIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA ,kintu mandamati puruSoM ke lie pakSavacana kA prayoga upAdeya hai|373 bauddhoM kA yaha prazna ki pakSavacana akelA sAdhya artha kA jJAna karAtA hai,athavA hetu se yukta hokara sAdhya artha kA jJAna karAtA hai,ayukta hai| kyoMki inameM akelA pakSavacana sAdhya artha kA jJAna nahIM karAtA hai,dvitIya vikalpa jainoM ko iSTa hai / pakSa,hetu se samanvita hokara sAdhya kA jJAna karAtA hai isalie usameM hetu kA hI sAmarthya mAnakara pakSa-kathana ko vyartha batalAnA ayukta hai,kyoMki isa prakAra to sAdhya kI siddhi meM kAraNabhUta rUpa se upapanna hetu bhI dRSTAnta ke samarthana kI apekSA rakhatA hai,ataH hetu-kathana nahIM karane kA bhI prasaMga AtA hai,jo bauddhoM ko iSTa nahIM hai|374 samIkSaNa jaina dArzanika pakSa-vacana yA pratijJA kA kathana karanA sAdhya dharma meM rahe hue saMdeha kA nivAraNa karane ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiM / pratijJA kA kathana kiye binA hetu kA kathana karanA unake mata meM ucita nahIM hai / yaha avazya hai ki ativyutpanna puruSoM ke lie ve pakSa-vacana ke binA bhI bauddhoM kI bhAMti sIdhe hetu se hI sAdhya kA parArtha anumAna zakya mAnate haiM / vastutaHpakSa-vacana athavA pratijJA kA kathana karanA abhISTa sAdhya kI siddhi karane ke lie upAdeya avazya hai, kintu bauddha dArzanika hetu meM pakSadharmatva kA pratipAdana kara pakSa-vacana kI AvazyakatA kA nirAkaraNa kara dete haiM / unake anusAra pratijJA kA kathana kiye binA bhI hetu evaM dRSTAnta yA mAtra hetu' dvArA bhI parArthAnumAna zakya hai| jaina dArzanika hetu meM pakSadharmatva kA honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM, ataH unake ddhArA parArthAnumAna meM pakSa-vacana ko Avazyaka mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai| pakSAbhAsa bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM pakSAbhAsa kI bhI carcA huI hai, kintu donoM darzanoM kA usake svarUpa meM koI matabheda nahIM hai / pakSAbhAsoM kI gaNanA meM thor3A bheda avazya rahA hai tathA kAlakrama se usake bhedoM meM saMzodhana hotA rahA hai / bauddha graMtha nyAyapradeza meM pakSAbhAsa ke ATha bheda nirUpita haiM- pratyakSaviruddha, anumAnaviruddha,Agamaviruddha,lokaviruddha,svavacanaviruddha,aprasiddhavizeSaNa,aprasiddhavizeSya aura aprasiddhobhavha / dharmakIrti ke nyAyabindu meM cAra hI bheda pratIpAdita haiM. pratyakSanirAkRta, anumAnanirAkRta,pratItinirAkRta aura svavacana nirAkRta / jainadArzanika siddhasena ne siddha aura bAdhita ye do bheda karake bAdhita ke cAra prakAra batalAye haiM- pratyakSabAdhita, liGgabAdhita, lokabAdhita evaM svavacanabAdhita / vAdirAja dvArA tIna bheda pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM- pratyakSanirAkRta, anumAnanirAkRta, aura Agama nirAkRta / mANikyanandI ne aniSTa evaM bAdhita do bheda karake bAdhita ke pAMca prakAra 373. syAdvAdaralAkara, 3.23 pR.550 374.syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.557

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA batalAe haiM-pratyakSa bAdhita, anumAna bAdhita, Agama bAdhita, lokabAdhita aura svavacanabAdhita / vAdidevasUri ne isameM saMzodhana karate hue pakSAbhAsa ke mUlataH tIna bheda kiye haiM- pratIta sAdhyadharmavizeSaNa, nirAkRtasAdhyadharmavizeSaNa aura anabhIpsita sAdhyadharma vizeSaNa / nirAkRta ke pAMca bheda kiye haiM, yathA pratyakSanirAkRta, anumAnanirAkRta AgamanirAkRta, lokanirAkRta aura svavacanabAdhita / pakSAbhAsa ke bheda aneka prakAra ke ho sakate haiM, kintu una sabake dvArA asat nirAkRta yA bAdhita pakSa kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaina dArzanikoM para pakSAbhAsa ke bheda-nirUpaNa meM bauddhoM kA prabhAva rahA ho, yaha kahA jAya to atyukti nahIM hogI / 282 dRSTAnta aura dRSTAntAbhAsa I 376 dRSTAnta ko parArthAnumAna kA pRthak avayava bauddha evaM jaina donoM darzana nahIM mAnate haiM / bauddhoM ne usakA samAveza hetulakSaNa meM hI kara liyA hai, tathA jaina dArzanika vyutpanna puruSoM ke liye pakSa evaM hetu ke atirikta dRSTAnta ke pRthak kathana kI AvazyakatA svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / 375 unhoMne dRSTAnta kA aMtarbhAva hetu meM bhI nahIM mAnA hai, kyoMki ve sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva rUpoM kA honA Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaina dArzanika antarvyApti se hI sAdhya kI siddhi svIkAra karate haiM, ata: udAharaNa yA dRSTAnta ko ve parArthAnumAna kA avayava honA Avazyaka nahI mAnate haiM / bauddhadarzana ke graMtha nyAyapraveza meM yadyapi dRSTAnta ko spaSTarUpeNa anumAna kA avayava pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai377 tathA diDnAga ke pramANasamuccaya meM dRSTAnta ko evaM dRSTAntAbhAsa ko lekara eka pRthak pariccheda likhA gayA hai, kintu dharmakIrti ne nyAyabindu meM dRSTAnta evaM dRSTAntAbhAsa kA varNana nahIM karane kA kAraNa batalAte hue kahA hai ki trirUpa hetu kA kathana kara diyA gayA hai, usI se anumeya artha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, isalie dRSTAnta pRthak rUpa se sAdhana vAkya kA avayava nahIM hai| gatArtha hone se usakA pRthak lakSaNa nahIM kahA gayA hai| 378 dharmakIrti ne Age calakara phira bhI dRSTAntAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / akSapAda ke anusAra laukika evaM parIkSaka jisa artha meM ekamata hoM vaha dRSTAnta hai / 379 jainadArzanikoM ke anusAra sAdhya evaM sAdhana kI vyApti grahaNa karane kA Aspada dRSTAnta hai / 38 dRSTAnta sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya bheda donoM darzanoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta haiM / dRSTAntAbhAsa ke bhedoM meM yathAkAla kucha parivartana hotA rahA hai| nyAyapraveza meM jahAM pAMca sAdharmya evaM pAMca vaidharmya isa prakAra daza 375. pakSahetuvacanamavayavadvayameva parapratipatteraMgaM, na dRSTAntAdivacanam / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.28 376. jaina dArzanikoM ne pakSIkRta viSaya meM sAdhana kI sAdhya ke sAtha vyApti ko antarvyApti evaM anyatra use bahirvyApti kahA hai :- pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.38 377. pakSahetudRSTAntavacanairhi prAznikAnAmapratIto'rthaH pratipAdyate / - nyAyapraveza, pR. 1 378. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 332 379. laukikaparIkSakANAM yasminnarthe buddhisAmyaM sa dRSTAntaH / - nyAyasUtra, 1.1.25 380. pratibandhapratipatterAspadaM dRSTAntaH / pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.43

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anumAna pramANa ,382 dRSTAntAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa hai381 vahAM dharmakIrti ke nyAyabindu meM sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsoM ke nau-nau bheda sodAharaNa nirUpita haiN| sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa ke nau bheda yathA- (1) sAdhyadharmavikala, (2) sAdhanadharmavikala, (3) ubhayadharmavikala, (4) sandigdhasAdhyadharmA, (5) saMdigdhasAdhanadharmA, (6) saMdigdhobhayadharmA, (7) ananvaya, (8) apradarzitAnvaya, aura (9) viparItAnvaya / isI prakAra vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa ke nau bheda haiM, yathA- (1) asiddhasAdhyavyatireka, (2) asiddhasAdhanavyatireka, (3) asiddho bhayavyatireka, (4) saMdigdhasAdhyavyatireka, (5) saMdigdhasAdhanavyatireka, (6) saMdigdhobhayavyatireka, (7) avyatireka, (8) apradarzitavyatireka aura (9) viparItavyatireka / jaina darzana meM siddhasena ne sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya dRSTAnta doSoM ke chaha bheda nirUpita kiye haiM 1 akalaGka ne dRSTAnta doSoM kA spaSTa nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA hai, kintu unake TIkAkAra vAdirAja ne bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti dvArA pratipAdita sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya dRSTAnta-doSoM ke nau nau bhedoM ko hI apanA liyA haiN| mANikyanandI ne anvayadRSTAntAbhAsa evaM vyatirekadRSTAntAbhAsa ke rUpa meM do bheda kara unake cAra - cAra bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 384 vAdidevasUri ne bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti dvArA nirUpita dRSTAnta doSoM ko hI AdRta kiyA hai, 385 kintu unake udAharaNoM ko svamatAnurUpa badala diyA hai| yathAprasaMga unhoMne bauddhoM kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai, yathA saMdigdhasAdhana vyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa ke udAharaNa meM zauddhodani meM rAgAdi kI nivRtti ko saMdehAspada batalAyA hai / 386 383 283 sArAMza yaha hai ki dRSTAnta ke svarUpa, bheda evaM dRSTAntAbhAsoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara bauddha evaM jaina dArzanikoM meM koI vivAda nahIM hai / dRSTAnta ko parArthAnumAna kA avayava mAnane meM kucha matabheda avazya hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne hetulakSaNa meM hI dRSTAnta kA samAveza kara liyA hai, jabaki jaina dArzanika usakA hetulakSaNa meM samAveza nahIM karate haiM tathA use pRthak avayava bhI nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu dRSTAntAbhAsoM ke udAharaNoM meM yathAvasara unhoMne bauddhoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| hetvAbhAsa , tu nahIM hotA, kintu hetu ke sadRza pratIta hotA hai use bhAratIya darzana meM hetvAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / bauddha dArzanikoM ne trirUpa hetu ko sadhetu kahA hai isalie ve una tIna rUpoM meM se eka rUpa kA kathana na karane para bhI use hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiM / 387 jaina dArzanikoM ne hetu kA eka hI lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai - sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAva / usakA abhAva hone para ve hetu ko hetvAbhAsa mAnate 381. draSTavya, nyAyapraveza, pR. 5-6 382. sAdharmyeNAtra dRSTAntadoSA nyAyavidIritAH / apalakSaNahetUtthAH sAdhyAdivikalAdayaH // vaidharmyeNAtra dRSTAntadoSA nyAyavidIritAH / sAdhyasAdhanayugmAnAmanivRttezca saMzayAt // - nyAyAvatAra 24-25 383. draSTavya, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga-2, pR. 240-41 384. parIkSAmukha, 6.40-45 385. pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.58-79 386. pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.75 387. tatra trayANAM rUpANAmekasyApi rUpasyAnuktau sAdhanAbhAsaH / - nyAyabindu, 3.55

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284 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hai|388 anumAna-pramANa meM jo mahattva hetu kA hai,vahI hetvAbhAsa kA bhI hai| hetvAbhAsa se hone vAlA anumAna samyak nahIM hotA / hetvAbhAsa ko nyAyadarzana meM gautama ne SoDaza padArthoM meM eka padArtha mAnA hai tathA savyabhicAra, viruddha, prakaraNasama, sAdhyasama aura kAlAtIta nAma se pAMca hetvAbhAsoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|89 vaizeSika darzana meM prazastapAda meM cAra hetvAbhAsoM kA kathana kiyA hai-asiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika (saMdigdha) eva anadhyavasita / 39deg bauddha darzana meM zaGkarasvAmI se lekara mokSAkaragupta taka tIna prakAra ke hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa hai -1. asiddha 2. viruddha aura 3. anaikAntika / 291 tIna prakAra ke hetvAbhAsoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hI bauddhadArzanikoM ne hetu meM trairUpya (pakSasattva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva) svIkAra kiyA hai| dharmakIrti ne asiddha Adi hetvAbhAsoM kA nyAyabindu meM vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 392 unake anusAra hetu kA pakSa meM honA asiddha yA saMdigdha hone para asiddha hetvAbhAsa hotA hai / jaba hetu kA sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva asiddha yA saMdigdha ho to vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa evaM sapakSasattva tathA vipakSAsattva ina donoM rUpoM meM se yadi eka asiddha ho aura dUsarA saMdigdha ho athavA donoM saMdigdha hoM to vahAM anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa hotA hai| jaina darzana meM hetu kA anyathAnupapannatva rUpa eka lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai,ataH usake abhAva meM eka hI hetvAbhAsa honA cAhie,kintu jaina dArzanikoM ne anyathAnupapannatva ke abhAva se hI asiddha,viruddha evaM anaikAntika hetvAbhAsoM ko phalita kara liyA hai / siddhasena , vAdidevasUri Adi ne inhIM tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 393 akalaGkane mUlataH eka hetvAbhAsa svIkAra karate hue bhI usake cAra bheda phalita kiye haiN| 394 cauthA bheda akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita hai,zeSa tIna bhedoM meM ve asiddha,viruddha evaM anaikAntika (saMdigdha)kA hI nirUpaNa karate haiM / akalaGkakA anusaraNa kara mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra Adi ne bhI ye hI cAra prakAra ke hetvAbhAsa nirUpita kiye haiN| 395 mANikyanandI ne jisa hetu kI pakSa meM sattA siddha na ho athavA jisakA pakSa meM rahanA nizcita na ho 388. hetvAbhAsatvamanyathAnupapattivaikalyAt |-nyaayvinishcyvivrnn, 2.196, pR. 225 389. savyabhicAraviruddhaprakaraNasamasAdhyasamakAlAtItA hetvAbhAsAH |-nyaaysuutr 1.2.4 390. etenaasiddhviruddhsNdigdhaandhyvsitvcnaanaamnpdeshtvm|-prshstpaadbhaassy, hetvAbhAsaprakaraNa, pR. 189 391. nyAyapraveza, pR.3, tarkabhASA (mokSAkara), pR. 27-88 392. draSTavya, nyAyabindu 3.55-120 393. (1) asiddhastvapratIto yo yo'nyathaivopapadyate / viruddho yo'nyathApyatra yukto'naikAntikaH ||-nyaayaavtaar, 23 (2) asiddhaviruddhAnakAntikAstrayo hetvAbhAsAH |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 6.47 394.(1) tasya caikavidhatvAt tadAbhAsAnAmapyekavidhatvameva prApnoti / - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 2.199..225 (2) viruddhAsiddhasaMdigdhA akinycitkrvistraaH|- nyAyavinizcaya , 1.101-102 395.hetvAbhAsA asiddhviruddhaanekaantikaakiNcitkraaH|-priikssaamkh, 6.21 draSTavya, prameyakamalemArtaNDa, bhAga-3 pR. 525

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anumAna-pramANa 285 use asiddha hetvAbhAsa kahA hai| 396 sAdhya se viparIta (vipakSa) ke sAtha jisa hetu kA avinAbhAva ho use viruddha 397 tathA jo hetu pakSa aura sapakSa meM rahatA huA vipakSa meM bhI rahatA ho use anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa kahA hai / 398 sAdhya ke siddha ho jAne para athavA pratyakSAdi pramANoM se sAdhya ke bAdhita hone para ve hetu ko akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM / 399 akiJcitkara nAmaka hetvAbhAsa kA pratipAdana yadyapi akalaGka kI navIna dena hai, tathApi akalaGka svayaM isake pratipAdana meM sudRr3ha nahIM haiN| kabhI ve viruddha, asiddha aura anaikAntika ko akiJcitkara kA vistAra batalAte haiM 40deg tathA kabhI anyathAnupapatti se rahita trilakSaNa ko akiJcitkara kahate haiM / 401 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya kA mata hai ki akalaGka samasta hetvAbhAsoM ko sAmAnya se akiJcitkara yA asiddha saMjJA dete haiM tathA akiJcitkara ko svatantra hetvAbhAsa mAnane kA sudRr3ha vicAra nahIM rakhate haiN| 02 ___ isa prakAra hetvAbhAsoM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM koI mata-bheda nahIM raha jAtA hai| donoM darzanoM meM asiddha, viruddha evaM anaikAntika bheda mAnya haiM, kintu ina hetvAbhAsoM kI puSTi meM diye gaye udAharaNa eka dUsare para AkSepa karate haiM / yathA bauddhoM ne asiddha hetvAbhAsa kA udAharaNa dete hue kahA hai - 'vRkSa cetana haiM,kyoMki unakI samasta tvacA ko haTA dene para unakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai' yaha jaina dArzanikoM dvArA diyA gayA hetu prativAdI bauddhoM ke lie asiddha hai,kyoMki ve vijJAna,indriya tathA Ayu ke nirodha hone ko mRtyu kahate haiM aura vaha mRtyu vRkSoM meM sambhava nahIM hai|403 jaina dArzanikoM ne vRkSoM ko sacetana mAnA hai, isalie unhoMne bauddha maMtavya ko hetvAbhAsa meM rakhA hai,yathA - vRkSa acetana haiM,kyoMki unameM vijJAna,indriya evaM Ayu kA nirodha rUpa maraNa nahIM pAyA jaataa|' jaina dArzanikoM ne ise prativAdyasiddha athavA anyatarAsiddha hetvAbhAsa kahA hai,kyoMki yaha jainadArzanikoM ko iSTa nahIM asiddha,viruddha evaM anaikAntika hetvAbhAsoM ke bhI bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM vividha prakAranirUpita haiM tathA unheM sodAharaNa samajhAyA gayA hai / vistArabhaya se unakA yahAM nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai, -- 396. aststtaanishcyo'siddhH|- parIkSAmukha, 6.22 397. viparItanizcitAvinAbhAvo viruddho'pariNAmI zabdaHkRtakatvAt -parIkSAmukha, 6.29 398. vipakSe'pyaviruddhavRttiranaikAntikaH |-priikssaamukh, 6.30 399. siddhe pratyakSabAdhite ca sAdhye heturakiMcitkaraH / - parIkSAmukha.6.34 400. viruddhAsiddhasandigdhairakiMcitkaravistaraiH |-nyaayvinishcy, 2.197 401. anyathAnupapannatvarahitA ye trilkssnnaaH|| akiJcitkArakAn sarvAMstAn vayaM saMgirAmahe / / - nyAyavinizcaya 2.202 402.(1) akalaGkaanyatraya, prastAvanA, pra.63-64 (2) DA. darabArI lAla koThiyA ne asiddha zabda kA prayoga hetvAbhAsasAmAnya ke lie mAnane kA pratiSedha kiyA hai| -jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAnavicAra, pR. 238 403. cetanAstarava itisAdhye sarvatvagapaharaNe maraNaM prativAdyasiddham, vijJAnendriyAyunirodhalakSaNasyamaraNasyAnenAbhyupagamAt, tasya ca taruSvasaMbhavAt / nyAyabindu, 3.59 404. anyatarAsiddho yathA-acetanAstaravo vijJAnendriyAyurnirodhalakSaNamaraNarahitatvAt / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.51

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286 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kintu yaha jJAtavya hai ki una bhedoM ke pratipAdana meM bauddhoM kA prazastapAda ke nirUpaNa se sAmya hai evaM jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| uttaravartI graMthoM meM nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika bhAsarvajJa kI racanA nyAyasAra kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai / hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa bhAsarvajJa ne jitane vistAra se bhedopabheda pUrvaka kiyA hai,saMbhavataH utanA anya kisI bhAratIya dArzanika dvArA nahIM kiyA gyaa| isalie jaina dArzanikoM dvArA usase prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika thaa| nigrahasthAna __ bhAratIya darzana meM jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA ke lie nigrahasthAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana meM tattvanirNaya ke lie vAda tathA tattvasaMrakSaNa ke lie jalpa evaM vitaNDA ko kathA kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai / vAda meM svapakSa-sthApana tathA parapakSadUSaNa pramANa evaM tarka para AdhArita hote haiM,jabaki jalpa aura vitaNDA meM chala,jAti aura nigrahasthAna jaise asaduttaroM ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai / bauddha evaM jainadarzana meM chala,jAti Adi ke prayoga ko anyAyya batalAyA gayA hai / ataH ina donoM darzanoM meM jalpa evaM vitaNDA kA koI mahattva nahIM raha gayA hai / ye donoM darzana vAda ko hI kathA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM,naiyAyikoM kI bhAMti jalpa evaM vitaNDA ko kathA kA aMga nahIM mAnate haiN| jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA ke lie nigrahasthAnoM ko bauddhoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| nyAyasUtra meM vipratipatti evaM apratipratti ko nigrahasthAna kahA gayA hai / 05 vipratipatti kA artha hai - kutsita athavA viparIta pratipatti honA tathA apratipatti kA artha hai pakSa ko svIkAra karake usakA sthApana nahIM karanA tathA prativAdI ke dvArA sthApita pakSa kA niSedha nahIM karanA athavA prativAdI ke dvArA vAdI kA pakSa niSiddha karane para usakA punaH parihAra nahIM krnaa| nyAyadarzana meM 22 nigrahasthAnoM kA nirUpaNa hai / bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti ne ina nigrahasthAnoM ko nirarthaka siddha kara apane graMtha vAdanyAya meM asAdhanAMgavacana evaM adoSodbhAvana nAmaka do nigrahasthAnoM ko pratiSThita kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki asAdhanAMgavacana evaM adoSobhAvana ina do ke atirikta anya nigrahasthAna kA honA ucita pratIta nahIM hotaa|06 asAdhanAMgavacana ko vevAdI kA nigrahasthAna tathA adoSodbhAvana ko prativAdI kA nigrahasthAna mAnate haiM / bauddhamata meM trirUpa liGgasAdhana hai,usakA kathana karanA sAdhanAMgavacana hai, kintu jaba tIna rUpoM meM se pakSadharmatvAdi kisI eka kA bhI kathana na kiyA jAya to vaha hetu asAdhanAMvacana hai jo vAdI kA nigrahasthAna hai|400 trirUpasAdhana kA jo aMga nahIM hai aise pratijJA,upanaya,nigamana Adi kA sAdhana-vAkya meM kathana karanA bhI vAdI kA nigrahasthAna 405. vipratipattirapratipattizca nigrahasthAnam |-nyaaysuutr, 1.2.19 406. asAdhanAGgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvayoH / nigrahasthAnamanyattu na yuktamiti neSyate ||-vAdanyAya, pR. 4 407. sAdhyate yena pareSAmapratIto'rtha iti sAdhanam, trirUpahetuvacanasamudAyaH tasyAhaM pakSadharmAdivacanam, tasyaikasyApyavaca namasAdhanAMgavacanam tadapi vAdino nigrahasthAnam |-vaadnyaay, pR.59

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anumAna-pramANa 287 hai,kyoMki usakA kathana vyartha hai|408 sAdhana rUpa siddhi kA jo aMga nahIM hai yathA asiddha viruddha athavA anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa,inakA kathana karanA bhI dharmakIrti ke anusAra vAdI kA nigrahasthAna hai|409 AdoSodbhAvana prativAdI kA nigrahasthAna hai / vAdI ke dvArA sAdhana kA prayoga kiye jAne para jaba prativAdI uttarapakSa ko svIkAra karake vAdI ke viSaya meM doSa prakaTa nahIM karatA hai taba vaha adoSodbhAvana nAmaka nigrahasthAna dvArA parAjita hotA hai / 1deg sAdhana ke doSoM kI parigaNanA karate hue dharmakIrti ne aneka doSoM kA kathana kiyA hai, yathA nyUnatA,asiddhi, anaikAntikatA,vAdI ko iSTa sAdhya artha kA viparyaya sAdhana aura aThAraha prakAra ke dRSTAntAbhAsa / vAdI ke ina doSoM ko jaba prativAdI prakaTa nahIM karatA hai to vaha parAjita samajhA jAtA hai|411 / jaina darzana meM akalaGka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra evaM hemacandra ne nigrahasthAnoM para vicAra kiyA hai tathA vAdI ke dvArA svapakSasiddhi ko hI prativAdI ke nigrahasthAna ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai / unhoMne nyAya evaM bauddha darzana sammata nigrahasthAnoM kA nirasana kiyA hai / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra svapakSa siddhi hI eka mAtra prativAdI kA nigraha hai / dUsare zabdoM meM vAdI kI svapakSasiddhi se hI prativAdI kA nigraha ho jAtA hai / ataH unake anusAra asAdhanAMgavacana evaM adoSodbhAvana nAmaka do nigrahasthAna mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / 12 ____ asAdhanAMgavacana kA khaNDana karane hetu prabhAcandra bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki vAdI evaM prativAdI meM se koI eka apane pakSa kI siddhi karatA huA asAdhanAMgavacana athavA adoSodbhAvana se dUsare kA nigraha karatA hai,athavA svapakSa kI siddhi na karatA huA hI vaha dUsare kA nigraha kara detA hai ? prathamapakSa meM arthAt svapakSa kI siddhi karane se yadi anya kI parAjaya hotI hai to doSodbhAvana karanA vyartha hai tathA svapakSa ko siddha kiye binA hI para kA nigraha hotA hai,aisA mAneM to asAdhanAMgavacanAdi ke prakaTa karane para bhI kisI kI jaya nahIM hogI,kyoMki usase kisI kI pakSasiddhi nahIM hotii| bauddha trirUpa hetu kA sAdhya kA gamaka mAnate haiN| unake mata meM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva ye tInoM sAdhana ke aMga haiN| inameM se kisI kA bhI kathanaM na hone para asAdhanAMgavacana ke 408. tasyaiva sAdhanasya yannAGgaM, pratijJopanayanigamanAdi tasyAsAdhanAMgasvasAdhanavAkye upAdAnaM vAdino nigrahasthAnam, vyarthAbhidhAnAt |-vaadnyaay, pR.59 409. sAdhanasya siddheryannAMgam asiddho, viruddha anaikAntiko vA hetvAbhAsaH tasyApi vacanaM vAdino nigrahasthAnam, asamarthopAdAnAt |-vaadnyaay, pR.64 410. vAdinA sAdhane prayukte'pyapagatottarapakSo yatra viSaye prativAdI yadA na doSamubhAvayati, tadA parAjito vaktavyaH / vAda nyAya, pR.6 411. draSTavya, vAdanyAya, pR.67 412. svapakSasiddherekasya nigraho'nyasya vAdinaH nAsAdhanAGgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvayoH / / - uddhata, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-3, pR. 640, kintu yaha padya mUlataH kumAranandI ke anupalabdha'vAdanyAya' se liyA gayA pratIta hotA hai|

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288 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kAraNa vAdI kA nigraha ho jAtA hai / prabhAcandra bauddhoM kI isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana karane hetu naiyAyikoM dvArA sammata pAMcarUpya kA Azraya lete haiM evaM kahate haiM ki bauddhoM ke samAna paMcAvayavaprayogavAdI naiyAyika bhI kaha sakate haiM ki sAdhana rUpa siddhi kA aMgapAMca avayavoM kA prayoga hai / yadi bauddha ina pAMca avayavoM kA prayoga nahIM karatA hai to usakA bhI nigraha samajhanA caahie|13 naiyAyikoM ke anusAra anumAnavAkya ke pAMca avayava haiM-pratijJA,hetu,udAharaNa,upanaya evaM nigamana / bauddha inameM se hetu ko hI anumAna vAkya kA aMga mAnatA hai / ataH anya ke prayoga ko Avazyaka na mAnane ke kAraNa vaha naiyAyika dvArA parAjita samajhA jA sakatA hai| bauddha pratyuttara dete hue pratipAdita karate haiM ki paMca avayavoM kA kathana karane para bhI nigraha nahIM hogA,kyoMki pratijJA evaM nigamana kA pakSadharma ke upasaMhAra kI sAmarthya se jJAna ho jAtA hai / jaba ve donoM pakSadharmopasaMhAra ke sAmarthya se gamyamAna haiM to inakA kathana karane para punaruktA doSa AtA hai| inakA prayoga karane para bhI yadi hetu prayoga na kiyA jAya to sAdhya artha kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| yadi pratijJA se sAdhya siddhi hotI hai to hetu Adi kA kathana vyartha hai,aura yadi pratijJA se sAdhyasiddhi nahIM hotI hai to usako sAdhyasiddhi kA aMga nahIM mAnanA caahie| prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki bauddha mata meM bhI yadi hetu se sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai to dRSTAnta kA prayoga nirarthaka hai| yadi hetu se sAdhyasiddhi nahIM hotI hai to use bhI sAdhyasiddhi kA aMga nahIM mAnanA caahie| yadi bauddhoM ke anusAra sAdhya aura sAdhana kI vyApti dikhAne vAlA hone se dRSTAnta kA prayoga nirarthaka nahIM hai tathA sAdhya-sAdhana kI vyApti nahIM dikhAI jAne para hetu sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM ho sakatA hai to prabhAcandra isakA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki bauddha kathana asaMgata hai,kyoMki "sarva kSaNikaM sattvAt" isa hetu meM sabako anitya siddha karane para dRSTAnta kA abhAva hone se sattvAdi hetu bhI agamaka ho jaayegaa| yadi sattva hetu vipakSa (nitya)se vyAvRtta hai ataH vipakSavyAvRtti ke kAraNa sAdhya kA gamaka bana jAtA hai to isa prakAra sabhI hetu sAdhya ke gamaka bana jAyeMgeM aura dRSTAnta vyartha siddha ho jaaegaa| vipakSa kI vyAvRtti se hetu kA samarthana karate hue bhI pratijJA kA nirAkaraNa karanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki pratijJA ke abhAva meM sAdhya evaM hetu kahAM raheMge? yadi pratijJA gamyamAna rahatI hai to usameM rahA hetu bhI gamyamAna honA cAhie / yadi gamyamAna hetu kA maMdamati puruSoM ke lie kathana kiyA jAtA hai to isI prakAra pratijJA kA bhI maMdamati puruSoM ke lie kathana karanA caahie| 'asAdhanAMga' zabda kA bhinna prayoga prastuta karate hue prabhAcandra ne ise bauddhagrantha vAdanyAya se puSTa kiyA hai-"sAdharmyapUrvaka hetu kA kathana karane meM vaidharmya kathana gamyamAna rahatA hai tathA vaidharmyapUrvaka hetu kA kathana karane para sAdharmya kathana gamyamAna rahatA hai,ataH sAdharmya kA kathana karane para punaH vaidharmya kA kathana karanA evaM vaidharmya kA kathana karane para punaH sAdharmya kA kathana karatA punaruktatAdoSa yukta 413. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-3, pR.641

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anumAna-pramANa 289 hai / ataH yaha sAdhanAMga nahIM hai|" jaina darzana ke anusAra hetu samyak evaM svapakSa ko siddha karane vAlA honA cAhie,usameM sAdharmya prayoga ke pazcAt vaidharmya evaM vaidharmya prayoga ke pazcAt sAdharmya prayoga se koI antara nahIM AtA hai / sAdhyasiddhi ke apratibaMdhaka hetu ke adhika kahane mAtra se nigraha honA zakya nahIM hai| prabhAcandra ke anusAra vAdI athavA prativAdI ke dvArA svapakSasiddhi karanA Avazyaka hai / hetu meM sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya prayoga se vacanAdhikya mAnakara nigraha karanA sarvathA anucita hai|414 adoSodbhAvana nigrahasthAna kA bhI jaina dArzanikoM ne khaNDana kiyA hai tathA yaha siddha kiyA hai ki vAdI ke doSoM kA udbhAvana karane se prativAdI kA nigraha nahIM hotA hai| prativAdI kA nigraha usake dvArA apane pakSa kI siddhi na kiye jAne para nirbhara karatA hai / adoSobhAvana ke prabhAcandra ne do artha prakaTa kiye haiN| prathama artha ke anusAra prasajya pratiSedha dvArA doSoM ke udbhAvana kA abhAvamAtra adoSodbhAvana hotA hai tathA dvitIya artha ke anusAra paryudAsa pratiSedha dvArA doSAbhAsoM yA anya doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA adoSodbhAvana hotA hai| 15 ___ sArAMza yaha hai ki bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti ne nyAyadarzana meM pratipAdita 22 nigrahasthAnoM ko anupayogI siddha kara do nigrahasthAnoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, kintu jaina dArzanikoM ne una do nigrahasthAnoM kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| dharmakIrti ke dvArA pratipAdita nigrahasthAnoM ke viSaya meM paM. sukhalAla saMghavI likhate haiM ki dharmakIrti ne jo asAdhanAMgavacana aura adoSodbhAvana dvArA jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA kI hai usameM itanI jaTilatA aura durUhatA A gayI hai ki aneka prasaMgoM meM saralatA se yaha nirNaya karanA hI asaMbhava ho gayA ki asAdhanAMgavacana tathA adoSodbhAvana hai yA nahIM? isa jaTilatA aura durUhatA se bacane evaM saralatA se nirNaya karane kI dRSTi se akalAne dharmakIrtikRta jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA kA saMzodhana kiyaa| paMDita sukhalAlajI ke mata meM akalaGkakRta saMzodhana meM dharmakIrti sammata satya kA tattva to nihita hai hI, isake atirikta usameM ahiMsAsamabhAva kA jaina prakRtisulabhabhAva bhI nihita hai| 16 akalaGka Adi jaina dArzanikoM kA yaha sunizcita mata hai ki kisI eka pakSa kI siddhi dUsare pakSa kI asiddhi ke binA ho hI nahIM sktii| - 414. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-3, pR.642-44 415. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-3, pR.648 416.pramANamImAMsA, bhASA TippaNa, pR.122

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paMcama adhyAya smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra pramANa-saMkhyA bauddha evaM jaina donoM darzana saMkhyA kI dRSTi se yadyapi do hI pramANa svIkAra karate haiM,tathApi unameM gaharA matabheda hai / bauddhoM ke anusAra pratyakSa evaM anumAna ye do pramANa haiM ,jabaki jaina dArzanika pratyakSa evaM parokSa ke rUpa meM pramANa-dvaya kA kathana karake parokSa-pramANa ke antargata smRti,pratyabhijJAna,tarka, anumAna evaM Agama ina pAMca pramANoM kA samAveza kara lete haiM. isa prakAra jaina mata meM pratyakSa sahita pramANoM kI saMkhyA chaha ho jAtI hai / inameM pratyakSa evaM anumAna to donoM sampradAyoM ko svIkRta haiM,kintu smRti,pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka kA prAmANya jaina dArzanikoM ko abhISTa hai bauddhoM ko nhiiN| Agama yA zabda kA prAmANya bauddhoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai kintu ve isakA anumAna-pramANa meM hI antarbhAva kara lete haiM,pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM sthAna nahIM dete / jaina dArzanikoM ne Agama ko anumAna se pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| bauddha evaM jaina nyAya kA vikAsa gautama praNIta nyAyasUtra ke anantara huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha graMtha upAyahradaya meM tathA jainAgama anuyogadvAra, bhagavatI evaM sthAnAGgasUtra meM gautama dvArA nirUpita pramANa ke cAra bhedoM ko hI apanAyA gayA hai| ve cAra bheda haiM - pratyakSa,anumAna,upamAna aura shbd| bauddha dArzanika diGnAga ke graMthoM meM pramANa ke spaSTa rUpa se do bheda nirUpita haiM - pratyakSa evaM anumAna / diGnAga ke uttaravartI dharmakIrti, zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi bauddha dArzanikoM ne inhIM do bhedoM ko apanAyA hai| jainadarzana meM pratyakSa evaM parokSa bhedoM kA kathana nandIsUtra, umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra, siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra, Adi meM milatA hai,kintu parokSa pramANa ke smRti,pratyabhijJAna,tarka,anumAna 1. pratyakSamanumAnaM ca pramANaM dvilkssnnm|-dingnaag, pramANasamuccaya, 1.2 2.(1) tatpramANe / Adye parokSam / prtykssmnyt|-tttvaarthsuutr , 1.10-12 (2) tad dvibhedaM pratyakSaM ca parokSaM ca |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 2.1 3. smaraNapratyabhijJAnatarkAnamAnAgamabhedatastat paMcaprakAram |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.2 4. zAbde'pyabhiprAyanivedanAt / prAmANyaM tatra shbdsy|-prmaannvaartik, 1.3-4 5. na pramANAntaraM zAbdamanumAnAt tathA hi saH |-dingnaag, uddhRta, tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, pR0 539 6. caturvidhaM pramANam / pratyakSamanumAnamupamAnamAgamazceti |-upaayhRdy, pR013 7.(1) draSTavya, anuyogadvAra sUtra, jJAnaguNa prmaanndvaar| (2) pamANe caubihe paNNatte, taM jahA paccakkhe, aNumANe, ovamme, ___ Agame |-bhgvtiisuutr, 5.3.192 (3) ahavA heU caubihe paNNate taMjahA paccakkhe, aNumANe, ovamme, Agame / -sthAnAMgasUtra, 430 (4) draSTavya, adhyAya 2, pAdaTippaNa 49-50 8. pratyakSAnumAnopamAnazabdAHpramANAni |-nyaaysuutr, 1.1.3 9. nandIsUtra meM jJAna ko pratyakSa evaM parokSa do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, yathA-taM samAsao duvihaM paNNattaM, taMjahA-paccakkha ca parokkhaM ca |-nndiisuutr, 2 10. draSTavya, uparyukta pAdaTippaNa, 2 11. pratyakSaM ca parokSaM ca dvidhA meyvinishcyaat|-nyaayaavtaar, 1

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 291 evaM Agama ke rUpa meM pAMca bheda jainadArzanika bhaTTa akalaGka se prArambha hue dikhAI dete haiM / 12 akalaGka ne hI jainanyAya ko vyavasthita rUpa dete samaya ina bhedoM kA yuktipurassara praNayana kiyA hai| pramANavyavasthA evaM pramANasaMplava bauddha dArzanika pramANavyavasthAvAdI haiM / ve pratyeka prameya ke lie bhinna pramANa kA honA Avazyaka mAnate haiM / nyAya,mImAMsA evaM jaina dArzanikoM kI bhAMti ve pramANasaMplavavAdI nahIM haiN| pramANasaMplava ke anusAra eka prameya ko eka se adhika pramANoM ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai / yathA - Agama evaM anumAna se jAnane ke pazcAt kisI prameya ko pratyakSa se bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai, arthAt eka prameya ko jAnane ke lie eka se adhika pramANoM kA avalambana lenA pramANasaMplava hai / bauddha dArzanika aisA nahIM mAnate haiN| isIlie bauddha dArzanika diinAga ne spaSTa zabdoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai ki pramANa do hI haiM,kama evaM adhika nahIM,kyoMki prameya bhI do hI haiM - svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa / 2svalakSaNa prameya pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya hai tathA sAmAnyalakSaNa anumAna-pramANa kA viSaya / svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa se bhinna prameya nahIM hai| isalie pratyakSa evaM anumAna ye do hI pramANa haiM, inake atirikta koI anya pramANa nahIM hai / 14 jaina dArzanikoM ne prameya ke AdhAra para pramANoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA,kyoMki ve 'sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka rUpa meM eka hI prakAra kA prameya mAnate haiM, ve usa prameya ko jAnane ke lie hI pratyakSa,smRti,pratyabhijJAna Adi pramANoM kA avalambana lete haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jaina dArzanika pramANasaMplavavAdI haiM ,ataH unheM prameya ke AdhAra para pramANoM ke vyavasthApana kI AvazyakatA nahIM bauddhamata kI AlocanA __ jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddha pramANa-saMkhyA kI AlocanA karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki prameyadvitva ke AdhAra para pramANa-dvaya kA avadhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA,kyoMki prameya-dvitva kA nizcaya kisI bhI pramANa se saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi pramANa-dvitva se prameya-dvitva kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai / jaina dArzanikoM dvArA kiye gaye etadviSayaka Alocana ke kucha bindu Age prastuta haiN| 1.jainadArzanika bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki prameya-dvitva jJAta hokara pramANadvitva kA kAraNa banatA 12. laghIyastraya, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR0 4-5 13. atra pramANaM dvividhameva / kutazcet / dvilakSaNaM prameyaM / svasAmAnyalakSaNAbhyAM bhinnalakSaNaM prameyAntaraM nAsti / -pramA NasamuccayavRtti, 1.2, pR04 14. svalakSaNaviSayaM pratyakSameva / sAmAnyalakSaNaviSayakamanumAnameva / pramANAntaraM nAsti |-jinendrbuddhi, vizAlAmalavatI, pramANasamuccaya, pR06 15. sAmAnyavizeSAtmA tadartho viSayaH |-priikssaamukh, 4.1

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292 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hai yA ajJAta rahakara? yadi ajJAta rahakara pramANa-dvitva kA kAraNa banatA hai taba to sabako samAna rUpa se usakI pratipatti honI cAhie,vipratipatti kA prasaMga hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| yadi jJAta hokara vaha pramANa-dvitva kA kAraNa banatA hai to usakA jJAna kisa pramANa se hotA hai ? pratyakSa se to prameya-dvitva kA jJAna ho nahIM sakatA,kyoMki vaha mAtra svalakSaNa prameya ko viSaya karatA hai tathA isI prakAra anumAna mAtra sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya ko viSaya karatA hai,ataH usase bhI prameyadvitva kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa|16 2. yadi pratyakSa-pramANa se hI prameya-dvaividhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai to pratyakSa-pramANa ko savikalpaka mAnanA par3egA tathA viSaya-sAMkarya kA bhI doSa aayegaa| isI prakAra anumAna-pramANa dvArA bhI prameya-dvitva kA jJAna mAnane para viSaya-sAMkarya doSa AtA hai tathA do pramANa mAnane kA AdhAra bhI khaNDita ho jAtA hai,kyoMki jaba eka hI pramANa svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa donoM prameyoM ko jAna sakatA hai taba prameya-dvitva ke AdhAra para pramANa-dvitva kA sthApana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___3.yadi pratyakSa evaM anumAna donoM pramANa milakara prameya-dvaya kI siddhi karate haiM to bhI prameya-dvaya kA jJAna pramANa-dvitva ko siddha nahIM karatA,kyoMki aisI sthiti meM devadatta evaM yajJadatta ke dvArA jJAta dhUmadvitva se agnidvitva kI siddhi honA cAhie,jabaki aisA hotA nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pramANadvitva se prameya-dvitva ko tathA prameyadvitva se pramANa-dvitva ko siddha karane para anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai|8 4.bauddha yadi liGga se anumita sAmAnyalakSaNa dvArA hI svalakSaNa kA jJAna honA svIkAra karate haiM to bhI upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki sAmAnyalakSaNa dvArA svalakSaNa kI pratipatti nahIM ho sktii| sAmAnyalakSaNa ke sAtha svalakSaNa kA koI avinAbhAva sambandha nahIM hai| yadi sAmAnya ke dvArA svalakSaNa sAmAnyarUpa se jAnA jAtA hai to isa prakAra sAmAnya se svalakSaNa kA nahIM, apitu aparasAmAnya Adi kA jJAna hogaa| isa prakAra liGga se anumiti ke dvArA bhI prameya-dvitva kA jJAna nahIM hotA,taba bhalA usase pramANa-dvaya kA vyavasthApana kaise ho sakatA hai ? 19 jaina dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki prameya eka hI prakAra kA hai aura vaha sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai| ataH prameya ke AdhAra para do pramANoM kA vyavasthApana ucita nahIM hai| jaina dArzanika paramparA meM smRti,pratyabhijJAna,tarka evaM Agama kA pRthak prAmANya sthApita kiyA gayA hai / bauddha dArzanikoM ne unameM smRti,pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka ko apramANa mAnA hai evaM Agama kA apoha dvArA anumAna meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| pratyakSa evaM anumAna nAmaka do hI pramANoM ko svIkAra karane vAle bauddhoM kA khaNDana karate hue 16.(1) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR0 483 (2 syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 270-71 17.(1) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 483 (2)syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 271 18. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR0484 (2) syAdvAdaralAkara, pR0 271 19. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR0 481-82

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 293 jainanyAya ke pramukha AcArya akalaGka ne kahA hai ki smRti,pratyabhijJAna, tarka Adi ko pRthak pramANa mAnanA Avazyaka hai,kyoMki "jitanA bhI koI dhUma hai vaha kAlAntara athavA dezAntara meM agni kA hI kArya hai anya artha kA nahIM" itanA vyApAra pratyakSa-pramANa nahIM kara sakatA,kyoMki vaha bauddha mata meM sannihita viSaya ke bala se utpanna hone ke kAraNa nirvikalpaka hotA hai| anumAnAntara se bhI yaha vyApAra nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki usa anumAna ke liGga-liGgI sambandha ko jAnane meM bhI anya anumAna kI kalpanA karanI hogii| sampUrNa rUpa se liGga evaM liGgI kI vyApti ke asiddha rahane se koI anumAna-pramANa vyApti-jJAna karane meM samartha nahIM hotA / isalie pratyakSa evaM anumAna do hI pramANa haiM' yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki liGga evaM liGgI jJAna ke lie smRti,pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka nAmaka anya pramANoM ko bhI svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / 20 bhAratIya darzana ko jaina nyAya kI anUThI dena jaina naiyAyikoM kA bhAratIya darzana ko yaha anUThA avadAna hai ki unhoMne smRti,pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka ko pathaka pramANoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| bhAratIya darzana ke prAyaH samasta prasthAnoM meM smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka kI carcA milatI hai, kintu ve inheM pRthak pramANoM ke rUpa meM pratiSThita nahIM karate haiM,jabaki loka-vyavahAra evaM anumAna-prakriyA meM ina tInoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / bauddhoM ne bhI ina tInoM ko pramANa nahIM mAnA hai evaM AgamapramANa kA anumAna meM antarbhAva kara liyA hai / jainoM ne isakA nirasana kara ina cAroM kA pRthak prAmANya sthApita kiyA hai| aba jainoM dvArA mAnya smRti,pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama pramANa para carcA karane ke sAtha bauddha mAnya 'apoha' para bhI vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| smRti-pramANa smRti kA svarUpa jaina dArzanikoM ne smRti ko pratyakSa evaM anumAna se pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM matijJAna ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM smRti ko bhI ginAyA gayA hai,yathA-'matiH smRtiHsaMjJA cintA'bhinibodha itynaantrm|21 bhaTTa akalaGkane matijJAna ke ina paryAyavAcI zabdoM ko AdhAra banAkara hI kramazaH smRti,pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka pramANoM ko sthApita kiyA hai| smRti' zabda se unhoMne smRti pramANa, saMjJA' zabda se pratyabhijJAna pramANa evaM cintA' zabda se tarka pramANa kA vikAsa kiyaa| 20. avikalpadhiyA lihaMna kiJcitsampratIyate / nAnumAnAdasiddhatvAt prmaannaantrmaanyjsm||-lghiiystry, 11-12 na hi pratyakSaM "yAvAn kazcid dhUmaH kAlAntare dezAntare ca pAvakasyaiva kArya nArthAntarasya itIyato vyApArAn kartuM samartha sannihitaviSayabalotpatteravicArakatvAt / nApyanumAnAntaramaH sarvatrA'vizeSAt / na hi sAkalyena liGgasya liGginA vyApterasiddho kvacit kizidanumAnaM nAma / tannApratyakSamanumAnavyatiriktaM pramANam" ityayuktam liGgapratipatteH pramA NAntaratvAt |-lghiiystryvRtti, akalaGkapatraya, pR05 21. tatvArthasUtra , 1.13

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294 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 'abhinibodha' zabda se unhoMne anumAnapramANa kA grahaNa kiyA hai / isake sAtha hI unhoMne smRti ko pratyabhijJAna kA,pratyabhijJAna ko tarka kA evaM tarka ko anumAna kA kAraNa mAnA hai| 22 bhaTTa akalaGka se pUrva jainadarzana meM smRti ko pramANa-bhedoM meM sthAna nahIM milA thaa| unake pUrvavartI siddhasena divAkara ne 'nyAyAvatAra' meM parokSa pramANa ke do hI bheda kie haiM - anumAna evaM Agama / smRti, pratyabhijJAna evaM tarka kI carcA siddhasena nahIM karate haiN| isa dRSTi se jainanyAya ko akalaGka kA yaha mahAn avadAna hai / bhaTTa akalaGkake pazcAt lagabhaga samasta digambara evaM zvetAmbara dArzanikoM ne ina tInoM pramANoM kI avisaMvAdakatA siddha kara inheM pramANa koTi meM rakhA hai tathA anya darzana-prasthAnoM ke dvArA apramANa mAne jAne para unakA khaNDana kiyA hai| smRti ko pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita karane vAle bhaTTa akalaGkane zabda yojanA ke pUrva ise matijJAna meM tathA zabdayojanA ke pazcAt zrutajJAna meM sammilita kiyA hai / 23 vidyAnanda ne "tat" (vaha) AkAra vAle evaM anubhUta artha ko viSaya karane vAle jJAna ko smRti kahA hai / 24 mANikyanandI ke anusAra saMskAra kI jAgRti se "tat" (vaha) AkAraka jJAna smRti hai / 25 saMskAra ko jaina darzana meM "dhAraNA" bhI kahA gayA hai / nirNIta yA anubhUta artha ke jJAna kA dRDhatApUrvaka gRhIta honA dhAraNA athavA saMskAra hai| saMskAra se smRti kA janma hotA hai / isalie akalaGkane smRti ko dhAraNA-pramANa kA phala kahA hai / smRti bhI pramANa hai,kyoMki usakA phala pratyabhijJAna hai / 26 binA smRti ke pratyabhijJAna nahIM ho sakatA / smRti ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue vAdidevasUri kahate haiM ki saMskAra kI jAgRti se utpanna, anubhUta artha ko viSaya karane vAlA,evaM tat (vaha) AkAra vAlA jJAna smRti hai| hemacandra sUri ke anusAra vAsanA arthAt saMskAra ke udbodha se utpanna tat (vaha) AkAra jJAna smRti hai| 28 vaizeSika darzana meM kaNAda ne AtmA evaM mana ke saMyogavizeSa saMskAra se utpanna jJAna ko smRti pratipAdita kiyA hai|9 prazastapAda ne smRti ko vidyA kA eka prakAra mAnA hai / ve cAra prakAra kI vidyAoM kA nirUpaNa karate haiM-pratyakSa ,anumAna,smRti evaM ArSajJAna / prazastapAda ne smRti ko dRSTa, zruta evaM anubhUta arthoM meM zeSAnuvyavasAya (anumeya jJAna),icchA, anusmaraNa evaM dveSa kA hetu batalAyA 22. smRtiH saMjJAyAH pratyavamarzasya (prtybhijnyaansy)| saMjJA cintAyAH tarkasya / cintA aminibodhasya anumaanaadeH| laghIyatrayavRtti, akalaGkaanyatraya, pR05 23. jJAnamAdyaM matiH saMjJA cintA vaa'bhinibodhikm| __ prAGnAmayojanAccheSaM zrutaM zabdAnuyojanAt / / - laghIyastraya, 10-11 24. tadityAkArAnubhUtArthaviSayA smRtiH |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR. 42 25. saMskArobodhanibandhanA tadityAkArA smRtiH |-priikssaamukh, 3.3 26. avisaMvAdasmRteH phalasya hetutvAt pramANaM dhAraNA / smRtiH saMjJAyAH / --laghIyastrayavRtti, akalaGkaanyatraya, pR05 27. tatra saMskAraprabodhasambhUtaM, anubhUtArthaviSaya, tadityAkAraM vedanaM smaraNam |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.3 28. vAsanododhahetukA tadityAkArA smRtiH|-prmaannmiimaaNsaa, 1.2.3 29. AtmanaH saMyogavizeSAt saMskArAcca smRtiH|-vaishessiksuutr, 9.2.6 30. vidyApi caturvidhA / pratyakSalaiGgikasmRtyAIlakSaNA |-prshstpaadbhaassy, pratyakSaprakaraNa, pR0 153 :

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha - vicAra 31 hai tathA use atIta viSayoM ko grahaNa karane vAlA pratipAdita kiyA hai| yogasUtra meM pataJjali ne smRti ko pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa evaM nidrA kI bhAMti eka cittavRtti mAnA hai, tathA anubhUta viSaya ke asampramoSa ko smRti kahA hai| 32 nyAyadarzana ke anusAra eka hI jJAtA pUrvakAla meM jJAta viSaya kA jaba punaH grahaNa karatA hai to vaha smaraNa kahalAtA hai| 33 nyAyasUtra meM smaraNa ko AtmA kA guNa kahA gayA hai34 tathA smRti kI utpatti meM praNidhAna, nibandha, abhyAsa Adi aneka hetuoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai / 35 nyAyavArtika meM udyotakara ne pratyakSa jJAna kA nirodha hone para usake viSaya kA anusaMdhAna karane vAle pratyaya ko smRti kahA hai| brahmasUtra ke zAGkarabhASya meM bhI smRti - adhikaraNa meM smRti kI carcA hai| samudAyAdhikaraNa meM zaGkara ne vainAzika bauddhoM kA khaNDana karate hue draSTA evaM smartA kA ekakartRtva aGgIkAra kiyA hai| 36 bauddhadarzana meM dharmakIrti ne utpadyamAna sadRza apara apara bhAvoM meM bheda kI pratIti na hone se 'sa evAyam' (yaha vahI hai) isa AkAra vAle vikalpa ko smaraNa kahA hai| 37 unake mata meM smRti atIta artha meM hotI hai, agRhIta meM nahIM / 38 vaha anubhava se utpanna hotI hai, binA anubhava yA pratyakSa ke nahIM hotI, tathA arthAkAra se rahita hotI hai| 39 isa prakAra sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana meM smRti kI carcA huI hai, kintu pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM isakA sthApana jainadArzanikoM dvArA hI kiyA gayA hai| smRti 'pramANa' kyoM nahIM ? bhAratIya saMskRti meM vedoM ke anantara smRtiyoM ko hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| vedoM ke lupta jJAna kA pratipAdana smRtiyoM dvArA huA hai, isalie smRtiyAM loka-vyavahAra meM pramANabhUta haiM / tathApi vaidika darzana - prasthAnoM meM smRti ko eka pRthak pramANa kyoM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA, isa sambandha meM paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ne apanA abhimata prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki vaidika paramparA meM zruti arthAt veda mukhya prAmANya hai tathA smRti kA prAmANya zruti ke adhIna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mImAMsA Adi vaidika darzanoM meM smRti jJAna ko anubhava yA pratyakSa ke adhIna hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnA hai| 40 31. prazastapAdabhASya, smRtiprakaraNa / 32. pramANaviparyayavikalpanidrAsmRtayaH / anubhUtaviSayAsampramoSaH smRtiH / - yogasUtra, 1.6, evaM 11 33. nyAyasUtra (vAtsyAyana bhASya), 3.2.18 34. smaraNaM tvAtmanojJasvAbhAvyAt / - nyAyasUtra, 35. nyAyasUtra, 3.2.41 36. brahmasUtrazAGkarabhASya, 2.2.25 37. pramANavArtika, 2.498-99 3.2.40 38. smRtirbhavedatIte ca sA'gRhIte kathaM bhavet / pramANavArtika, 2.179 39. smRtizcedRgvidhaM jJAnaM tasyAzcAnubhavAd bhavaH / sa cArthAkArarahitaH sedAnIM tadvatI katham ? - pramANavArtika, 2.374 40. pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa, pR. 73 295

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA mImAMsA darzana smRti ko pramANa nahIM mAnatA, kyoMki smRti anya pramANa dvArA gRhIta artha kA hI jJAna karAtI hai aura mImAMsAdarzana ke anusAra pramANa anadhigata artha kA grAhI hotA hai / 41 vaizeSikadarzana meM smRti ko vidyA kA eka prakAra pratipAdita karate hue bhI use pRthak pramANa kI saMjJA nahIM dI gayI, isakA kAraNa zrIdhara batalAte haiM ki smRti pUrvAnubhUta viSaya ke hI upadarzana se artha kA nizcaya karAtI hai isa lie vaha pUrvAnubhava ke paratantra hone se pramANa nahIM kahI jA sakatI / 42 296 nyAyadarzana meM smRti ko na pramANa kahA gayA hai aura na hI pramA, tathApi kSaNikavAdI bauddhoM kA khaNDana kara AtmA ko nitya siddha karate hue smRti ko hetu banAyA gayA hai, vAtsyAyana kahate haiM ki nirAtmaka kSaNika vijJAnadhArA mAtra ko AtmA mAnane para eka hI jJAtA ke dvArA anubhava aura smaraNa kI siddhi nahIM hotI / ataH nitya AtmA mAnanA Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra AtmA kI nityatA siddha karane hetu naiyAyikoM ne smRti ko sAdhakatama hetu ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA hai / 43 44 jayantabhaTTa ne smRti ko arthajanya nahIM hone ke kAraNa apramANa mAnA hai| unake anusAra smRti gRhItamAhI jJAna hone se apramANa nahIM hai, apitu padArtha se utpanna nahIM hone ke kAraNa apramANa hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki naiyAyikoM ne dhArAvAhika jJAna ko gRhItagrAhI hone para bhI pramANa mAnA hai tathA mImAMsakoM ke anadhigatArthagrAhI pramANa- lakSaNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai| vAcaspatimizra ne nyAyavArtika tAtparyaTIkA meM smRti ko pramA nahIM mAnA hai, kyoMki ve zabda evaM artha ke sambandha ko lokAdhIna mAnate I 'udayanAcArya kA mata hai ki maharSiyoM aura abhiyuktoM ne smRtijJAna ke lie pramANa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, isalie smRtijJAna apramANa hai / 45 haiM bauddhamata meM smRti kA aprAmANya smRti ko pramANa na mAnane kA sabase prabala pakSa bauddha dArzanikoM kA hai| bauddha dArzanika smRti ko agrAGkita kAraNoM se pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM - (1) smRti pratyakSAdi dvArA gRhIta artha kA jJAna karatI hai / gRhIta artha kA jJAna karane se usakA koI pramANa vyApAra nahIM hotA / (2) smRtijJAna artha se utpanna nahIM hotA / jo jJAna artha se utpanna hotA hai vahI artha kA avyabhicarita jJAna karAne se pramANa hotA hai / (3) smRti ko pramANa mAnane para icchA, dveSa Adi ko bhI pramANa mAnanA hogA phalataH avyavasthA hogI (4) smRtijJAna visaMvAdaka hai| (5) smRtijJAna artha se utpanna nahIM hone ke kAraNa arthAkAra bhI nahIM hotaa| isalie bhI vaha apramANa hai / 41. pramite ca pravRttatvAt smRternAsti pramANatA / paricchedaphalatvAddhi prAmANyamupajAyate / zlokavArtika, zabdapariccheda 104, pR. 306 42. ata eva na pramANaM tasyAH pUrvAnubhavaviSayatvopadarzanenArthaM nizcinvatyA arthaparicchede pUrvAnubhavapAratantryAt / - nyAyakandalI, pR. 627 43. nyAyasUtra (vAtsyAyana bhASya), 3.2.39 44. na smRterapramANatvaM gRhItagrAhitAkRtam / apitvanarthajanyatvaM tadaprAmANyakAraNam // - nyAyamaJjarI, pR. 21 (kAzI saMskRta granthamAlA) 45. nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA, pR. 21

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 297 diinAga ke pramANasamuccaya meM smRtijJAna ko anavasthAdoSa ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnA gyaa| diGnAga kA tarka hai ki yadi sabhI jJAnoM kA prAmANya svIkAra kiyA jAya to icchA,dveSa Adi ko bhI pramANa mAnanA hogA isase pramANa kI anavasthA A jAtI hai|46 vaise diGnAga ke mata meM ajJAta artha ke jJApaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai, isalie bhI smRti unake mata meM pramANa nahIM ThaharatI hai,kyoMki smRti jJAta artha ko hI jAnatI hai / dharmakIrti ko bhI smRti kA prAmANya abhISTa nahIM hai,kyoMki smRti atIta artha meM pravRtta hotI hai,agRhIta artha meM nhiiN| smRti ke prAmANya kA eka kAraNa ve yaha dete haiM ki smRti artha se utpanna nahIM hotI,vaha to anubhava se utpanna hotI hai|48 artha se utpanna nahIM hone ke kAraNa vaha arthAkAra bhI nahIM hotii|49 pramANajJAna arthAkAra hotA hai / bauddhoM ke anusAra pramANa kA eka lakSaNa arthasArUpya hai / smRti meM arthasarUpatA nahIM hone ke kAraNa smRti pramANa nahIM hotI / smRti meM arthAkAratA ke abhAva meM avisaMvAdakatA bhI siddha nahIM hotI,isalie dharmakIrti ke mata meM bhI smRti apramANa hai / zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi AcAryoM ne bhI gRhItagrAhI Adi hetuoM se smRti ko apramANa mAnA hai|50 jainoM dvArA smRti-pramANa kA pratiSThApana jainadArzanika akalaGka evaM unake anantara vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ne smRti jJAna ko pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| bhaTTa akalaGkadvArA smRti-pramANa kA sthApana / bhaTTa akalaGkane smRti ko pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karane ke lie aneka tarka upasthApita kiye haiN| (1) avisaMvAdI jJAna hone se-smRti pramANa hai kyoMki vaha avisaMvAdI jJAna hai|51 pratyakSa bhI avisaMvAdI hone se pramANa hai,arthAkAra hone se nahIM / yadi pratyakSa ko arthAkAra hone se pramANa mAnA jAyegA to vyavasthA nahIM bana sakegI, kyoMki pratyakSa kA grAhya evaM prApya artha bhinna hotA hai|52 usake dvArA arthakriyA meM visaMvAda utpanna nahIM hotA, isalie pratyakSa ko pramANa kahA jAtA hai / 53 smRti ke dvArA bhI arthakriyA meM visaMvAda utpanna nahIM hotA, ataH use bhI pratyakSa kI bhAMti pramANa 46. yadi sarveSAM jJAnAnAM pramANatvamiSyate pramANAnavasthA prasajyate |-prmaannsmuccy, vRtti, pR.11 47. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 38 48. nArthAd bhaavstdaabhaavaat|-prmaannvaartik, 2.375 49. sa cAkArarahitaH sedAnIM tadvatI kthm|-prmaannvaartik,2.374 50. yad gRhItagrAhi jJAnaM na tatpramANam, yathA smRtiH |-tttvsnggrhpnyjikaa, 1297 pR.474-75 51. pramANamavisaMvAdAt / - siddhivinizcaya, 3.2 52.(1)pratyakSasyApi prAmANyamavisaMvAdAt na punarAkArAnukAritayA atiprasaMgAt |-siddhivinishcyvRtti, 3.2, pR.175 (2) pramANamarthasaMvAdAt pratyakSAnvayinI smRti: |-prmaannsNgrh, kA 10, akalaGkagranthatraya, pR.99 53. arthakriyAnurodhena pramANatvaM vyavasthitam / - pramANavArtika, 2.58 .

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA mAnanA caahie|54 jaba smRti visaMvAdayukta hotI hai to vaha apramANa yA pramANAbhAsa kahI jAtI hai .55 298 - (2) kathaJcit agRhItagrAhI hone se pratyakSa dvArA gRhIta viSaya kA prAhI hone se yadi smRti ko apramANa kahA jAtA hai, to yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki smRti ko pramANa mAnane kA pratyakSa se bhinna prayojana hai / ' ,56 'pratyakSa ke dvArA jJAta artha ke sadRza AkAra evaM bheda vizeSoM kI uttarottara paryAyavizeSa arthakriyA ko siddha karane kI abhilASA hone para smRti kA prAmANya aviruddha rahatA hai / 57. smRti ke dvArA bhI pratyakSa kI bhAMti ajJAta kA nivAraNa hotA hai tathA apane viSaya meM pravRtti hotI hai / 58 isalie smRti pramANa hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki smRti meM kAlAdi ke bheda se jJAna agRhIta grAhI hI rahatA hai, anyathA anadhigata artha kI adhigati rUpa pratyakSa kI pramANatA bhI nahIM mAnI jA sakatI / 59 (3) smRti ke binA vyAptijJAna nahIM hone se anumAna pramANa kI pravRtti kaba hotI hai ? yadi liGga evaM liGgI kI samasta kSetra evaM kAla meM vyApti jAnane ke pazcAt anumeya kA jJAna karane ke lie anumAna pramANa kI pravRtti hotI hai to yaha vyAptijJAna smRti ke binA asiddha hai / 6deg 'jitanA bhI koI dhUmavAn pradeza hai vaha saba agnimAn hai' yaha vyApti siddha nahIM hone para anumeya artha kA jJAna honA zakya nahIM hai| yadi vyAptijJAna ke siddha hue binA hI anumAna ho jAtA hai to vaha smRtyantara se bhinna nahIM hai| isalie liGga evaM liGgI jJAna ke prAmANya evaM aprAmANya kI vyavasthA smRti ke binA bhaMga ho jAtI hai| svayaM anubhava kiye binA sAkalya se vyApti nahIM ho sktii| yadi dezAdi se rahita sAmAnya dhUmAdi ko viSaya karane vAlI vyApti se parvatAdi viziSTa agni Adi kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| to phira pUrva anubhUta smRti se bhI usa prakAra kI vyApti ho jAtI hai| 6 (4) ajJAna kI nivRtti karane evaM (5) viSaya meM pravartaka hone se bhI akalaGka ke mata meM smRti pramANa hai / bhaTTa akalaGka kahate haiM ki smRti pramANa hai tathA usakA phala pratyabhijJA hai / binA smRti ke pratyabhijJA rUpa phala nahIM ho sakatA / akalaGka ke mata meM smRti kA prAmANya smRtijJAna se hI ho jAtA hai / 62 54. na hi tayA'rthaM paricchidya arthakriyAyAM visaMvAdyate / - siddhivinizcayavRtti, 1.9, pR. 38 55. mithyA tadviparyayAt / - siddhivinizcaya, 3.2 56. gRhItagrahaNAnno cenna prayojanabhedataH |-siddhivinishcy, 3.2 57. kvacit sadRzAkAra bhedavizeSANAmuttarottaraparyAyavizeSasAdhyArthakriyAvAJchAyAM tathaiva prAmANyavirodhAt / - siddhivi nizcayavRtti, 3.2 pR. 175 58. anantavIrya, siddhivinizcayaTIkA, pR. 176 59. anyathA kAlAdibhedena anadhigatArthAdhigaterapi pramANatAnabhyupagamAt / - siddhivinizcayavRtti, 3.2 pR. 175 60. sAkalyenAdito vyApti: pUrva celliGgaliGginoH / anumeyasmRtiH siddhA na pramANaM vizeSavat // - siddhivinizcaya, 3.3 61. yAvAn kazcid dhUmavAn pradezaH sa sarvo'pi agnimAniti vyAptAvasiddhAyAmanumeyapratipattyanupapatte: / siddhI evamanumAnaM smRtyantarAnna vizeSyeta / tato liGgaliGgijJAnayo: pramANetaravyavasthA vyatikIryeta / svayamanubhUtAd vyatireke punaranavayavena vyAptisiddherayogAt / sAmAnyaviSayA vyAptistadviziSTAnumiteH iti cet; pUrvAnubhUtasmRterapi tathAvidhavizeSAnirAkaraNAt yatkiJcidetat / - siddhivinizcayavRtti, 3. 3, pR. 177 62. pratyabhijJA phalaM tasyA: prAmANyaM pratipattita: |-prmaannsNgrh, 10

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra ___ isa prakAra bhaTTa akalaGka arthakriyA meM avisaMvAdaka hone se, kAla vizeSa kI dRSTi se anadhigatagrAhI hone se tathA anumAnapramANa kI pravRtti meM liGga-liGgI jJAna kA grAhaka hone se smRtijJAna ko pramANa mAnate haiN| vidyAnanda ke dvArA smRti-pramANa kI sthApanA (1) smRti ke abhAva meM pramANa-prameya zUnyatA -vidyAnanda smRti ko pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita karate hue kahate haiM ki smRti ko apramANa mAnane para pratyabhijJAna kI pramANatA zakya nahIM hai| pratyabhijJAna ke apramANa hone para tarka kI vyavasthA nahIM hotI / tarka ke pratiSThita nahIM hone para anumAna kI pravRtti azakya hai| anumAna ke pravRtta nahIM hone para pratyakSa kA prAmANya avasthita nahIM rahatA hai / isa prakAra samasta pramANoM ke zUnya hone para prameya bhI zUnya ho jAtA hai / arthAt smRti ko apramANa mAnane para samasta pramANoM evaM prameyoM ke abhAva kA prasaMga AtA hai, kintu yaha zUnyavAda bhI binA pramANa ke siddha nahIM hotaa| ataH smRti ko pramANa mAnanA caahie|63 (2) smRti bhI viziSTa jJAnayukta-vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki yadi gRhItagrAhI hone se smRti meM prAmANya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to dhArAvAhI indriyajJAna meM bhI prAmANya saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi dhArAvAhI indriyapratyakSa meM bhI bauddhoM ne viziSTa upayoga ke abhAva meM pramANatA nahIM mAnI hai to jaina bhI viziSTa upayoga(jJAna) ke abhAva meM smaraNa ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM / vastutaH smaraNa ke dvArA bhI pratyakSa kI bhAMti viziSTa artha kI jJapti hotI hai,ata: usakA bhI prAmANya siddha hai / smaraNa ke dvArA sva aura artha kA jJAna hone para pravRtti meM koI bAdhA nahIM dekhI jAtI hai, jisase vicArazIla logoM kI smRti se pravRtti kA nivAraNa kiyA jAya / ata: vicArazIloM ko usakA prAmANya aMgIkAra karanA caahie|64 (3) pratyakSa pUrvaka hone se spati apramANa nahIM hotI - smaraNa pratyakSapUrvaka hotA hai, isalie use apramANa kahA jAtA hai to bhI upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki anumAna bhI pratyakSapUrvaka hotA hai, tathApi anumAna kA prAmANya bauddhoM ko iSTa hai / smaraNa ko pratyakSapUrvaka hone ke kAraNa apramANa mAnane para to anumAna ko bhI pramANa mAnanA zakya nahIM hai 65 ataH usa sthiti meM cArvAka kI bhAMti bauddhoM ko bhI 63. smRte : pramANatA'pAye saMjJAyA : na prmaanntaa| tadapramANatAyAM tu ciMtA na vyavatiSThate / tadapratiSThito kvAnamAnaM nAma pravartate / tadapravartane'dhyakSaprAmANyaM nAvatiSThate / / tata: pramANazUnyatvAtprameyasyApi zUnyatA |-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.13.9-11. 64. gRhItagrahaNAttatra na smRtezcetramANatA / dhArAvAhyakSavijJAnasyaivaM labhyeta kena sA / / viziSTasyopayogasyAbhAve sApina cenmatA // tabhAve smaraNo'pyakSajJAnavanmAnatA'stu naH // smRtyA svArtha paricchidya pravRttau na ca bAdhyate / yena prekSAvatAM tasyA : pravRttirvinivAryate ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik 1.13.15-17 65. vyavahArapravRtteheMto : pratyakSamUlasmaraNasyApi pramANatAM pratyAcakSIta so'numAnamapi pratyakSAtpRthak pramANaM mAmasta tasya pratyakSamUlatvAt |-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.13.18 vRtti, pR. 207

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300 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA eka hI pramANa mAnanA caahie| sva evaM artha kA prakAzaka hone se yadi anumAna ko pramANa kahA jAtA hai to smRti bhI sva evaM artha kI prakAzaka hotI hai, ataH use bhI pramANa mAnanA caahie| abhilApa Adi sva evaM artha ke prakAzaka nahIM hote haiM ataH unakA prAmANya jainoM ko bhI abhISTa nahIM hai / 66 (4) smRti bhI samAropa kI vyavacchedaka hotI hai - samAropa kA vyavaccheda karane ke kAraNa yadi anumAna pramANa hai to smRti bhI samAropa kA vyavaccheda karatI hai ataH use bhI pramANa mAnanA caahie| saMzaya, viparyaya tathA anadhyavasAya ko jaina dArzanika samAropa kahate haiN| anumAna pramANa jisa prakAra isa samAropa se rahita hotA hai usI prakAra smRtijJAna bhI isase rahita hone ke kAraNa pramANa hai| smRtijJAna liGga se utpanna jJAna nahIM hai arthAt anumAna se bhinna jJAna hai, kyoMki yaha liGga jJAna ke abhAva meM bhI ho sakatA hai, sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke vyApti-sambandha kI smRti ke samAna / yadi vyApti sambandha kI smRti ko liGgajanya anumAna pramANa mAneMge to usa anumAna pramANa ke lie anya anumAna kI AvazyakatA hogI aura isa prakAra anavasthA doSa A jAyegA / 68 (5) smRti se sAdhya evaM sAdhana meM avinAbhAva - vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki smRti ko pramANa mAne binA sAdhya evaM sAdhana meM avinAbhAva sambandha siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi apramANabhUta smRti se sAdhya evaM sAdhana meM avinAbhAva sambandha mAnate haiM to samasta prameya padArthoM kA nirNaya karane ke lie pramANajJAna nirarthaka ho jAtA hai / 69 kyoMki apramANa se prameya ke siddha hone para pramANa kI upayogitA nahIM rahatI / apramANa se yadi vyAptijJAna Adi kucha prameya siddha ho jAte haiM tathA kucha nahIM, to ardhajaratInyAya ThIka nahIM hai / yadi smRti ke samaya artha (padArtha) vidyamAna nahIM rahane se smRti apramANa hai to yaha bhI mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSa pramANa meM bhI jisa svalakSaNa kA pratyakSa hotA hai vaha prApta nahIM hotA / ataH use bhI smRti ke samAna apramANa mAnane kA prasaMga AtA hai| 70 yadi smRti jJAna artha se utpanna nahIM hotA hai isalie apramANa hai to pratyakSa bhI artha se utpanna nahIM hotA hai / artha svalakSaNa ke samApta hone para pratyakSajJAna utpanna hotA hai ataH vaha bhI artha se 66. svArthaprakAzakatvena pramANamanumA yadi / smRtirastu tathA nAbhilASAdistadabhAvata: // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.20 67. samAropavyavacchedassama: smRtyanumAnata: / svArthe pramANatA tena naikatrApi nivAryate // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.21 68. smRtirna laiGgikaM liGgajJAnAbhAvepi bhAvataH / sambandhasmRtivanna syAdanavasthAnamanyathA // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.22 69. nApramANAtmano smRtyA sambandha : siddhimRcchati / pramANAnarthakatvasya prasaMgAtsarvavastuni // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.24 70. smRtistaditi vijJAnamarthAtIte bhavatkatham / syAdarthavaditi sveSTaM yAti bauddhasya lakSyate // - tattvArthazlokavArtika 1.13.25

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 301 utpanna nahIM kahA jA sktaa|71 jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM kI arthAkAratA kA prabala khaNDana kiyA hai / isakI carcA SaSTha adhyAya meM kI gayI hai / isa prakAra vidyAnanda smRti jJAna meM pramANa kI samasta vizeSatAoM kA ApAdana kara use loka vyavahAra ke lie upayogI, kathaJcit agRhItagrAhI, sva evaM artha kA prakAzaka, samAropa kA vyavacchedaka, vyAptijJAna kI prAhakatA meM pramANabhUta evaM avisaMvAdaka pratipAdita karate haiN| prabhAcandra ke dvArA smRti - pramANa kA sthApana prabhAcandra ne smRti ke prAmANya kA pratiSThApana karane se pUrva smRti ko pramANa na mAnane vAle bauddhAdi ke mata ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhA hai evaM tadanantara usakA nirasana kiyA hai| 1 pUrvapakSa - smRti meM avisaMvAda mAnanA anupapanna hai / 'smRti' zabda kA vAcyArtha jJAtA hotA hai, yA jJAna ? jJAtA honA yukta nahIM hai kyoMki pUrvottara jJAna ke binA kisI kA jJAtA honA saMbhava nahIM hai / yadi smRti kA vAcyArtha jJAna hai to jJAnamAtra usakA vAcyArtha hai yA anubhUtaviSayaka jJAna ? prathama vikalpa ke anusAra to pratyakSAdi pramANoM ko bhI smRti mAnanA hogA, kyoMki ve bhI jJAnarUpa haiN| yadi anubhUta artha meM hone vAle jJAna ko smRti kahA jAtA hai, to anubhUta artha meM jJAna huA yaha kaise pratIta hotA hai ? pratyakSa se, smRti se athavA donoM se ? pratyakSa se to yaha jJAta nahIM hotA, kyoMki taba smRti nahIM rahatI hai / asat smRti ko pratyakSa viSaya nahIM karatA / yathA kharaviSANa asat hone se pratyakSa dvArA nahIM jAne jaate| isI prakAra smRti bhI pratyakSakAla meM asat hone se pratyakSa dvArA jAnI nahIM jA sakatI / pratyakSa dvArA smRtijJAna na hone se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki pratyakSa anubhUta padArtha kI smRti ko jAnatA hai| smRti se bhI usakA jJAna nahIM hotA, kyoMki smRti pratyakSa evaM usake artha ko viSaya nahIM karatI / smRti ke dvArA yaha jJAna nahIM hotA ki "maiM anubhUta artha meM utpanna huI huuN|" yadi anubhUtatA pratyakSagamya hotI to smRti bhI yaha jAna sakatI thI ki maiM anubhUta artha meM utpanna huI hU~, kintu pratyakSa kA viSaya anubhUtatA nahIM anubhUyamAnatA hai| pratyakSa evaM smRti donoM se bhI smRtajJAna ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki inameM pRthakrUpeNa jo doSa Ate haiM ve ina donoM ke milane para bhI Ate haiM / ataH smRti kI svarUpataH vyavasthA nahIM hai / smRti kA viSaya kyA hai ? arthamAtra usakA viSaya hai yA anubhUtatA se viziSTa artha usakA viSaya hai ? arthamAtra usakA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki taba samasta pramANa smRtirUpa ho jAyeMgeM / anubhUtatA se viziSTa padArtha bhI usakA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki taba devadatta ke dvArA anubhUta padArtha meM yajJadatta ke jJAna evaM dhArAvAhI pratyakSa ko smRti mAnanA hogaa| anubhUta artha ke viSaya meM bhI smRti pramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki usakA viSaya vidyamAna nahIM rahatA hai| jisakA viSaya vidyamAna nahIM hotA, use 71. nArthAjjanmopapadyeta pratyakSasya smRteriva / tadvatsa eva tadbhAvAdanyathA na kSaNakSaya: // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.27

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302 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, yathA AkAza meM kezapAza kA jJAna / .72 arthakriyArthI puruSoM ke lie jo arthakriyA meM samartha artha kA prApaka hotA hai vaha pramANa hai| smRti asat artha ko viSaya karatI hai, isalie vaha arthaprApaka nahIM ho sktii| arthaprApaka nahIM hone smRti ko pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| .73 uttarapakSa - prabhAcandra pratyuttara dete hue pratipAdita karate haiM ki smRti kA vAcya jJAna hai, jJAtA nahIM / vaha jJAnamAtra kA bhI dyotaka nahIM hai, jisase samastajJAnoM ko smRti kahane kA doSa A sake / smRti jJAnavizeSa kA dyotaka hai jo saMskAra vizeSa se utpanna hotA hai tathA 'tat' (vaha) isa AkAra meM anubhUta artha ko viSaya karatA hai / vaha kAraNa, svarUpa evaM viSaya ke bheda se pratyakSAdi anya jJAnoM se bhinna hai / pratyakSAdi jJAnoM kA kAraNa jahAM cakSu Adi indriyA haiM vahAM smRti kA kAraNa paTutara saMskAra hai| pratyakSAdi jJAnoM kA ullekha 'idam' (yaha) Adi zabdoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai vahAM smRti kA ullekha 'tat' (vaha) zabda dvArA hotA hai / viSaya bhI donoM kA bhinna hai| pratyakSa kA viSaya vartamAna padArtha hotA hai jabaki smRti kA viSaya pUrva meM anubhUta artha hotA hai| isa prakAra smRti jJAna kAraNa, svarUpa evaM viSaya meM pratyakSAdi jJAnoM se bhinna hai / 74 I "anubhUta padArtha kI smRti hotI hai, aisA na pratyakSa se pratIta hotA hai, na smRti se aura na ina donoM se," bauddhoM kA yaha kathana asamIcIna hai, kyoMki trikAlAnuyAyI pramAtA ke dvArA usakI pratIti kI jA sakatI hai| trikAlAnuyAyI pramAtA ko prabhAcandra ne anyatra siddha kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM tInoM kAloM kA pramAtA smRti kI sahAyatA se padArtha kI anubhUtatA ko jAnatA hai tathA pratyakSa kI sahAyatA se anubhUyamAnatA ko jAnatA hai, ataH usake dvArA donoM ko pRthakrUpeNa jAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai / 75 prabhAcandra ne anyatra matijJAna kI apekSA se smRti evaM pratyakSa ke dvArA anubhUta evaM anubhUyamAna padArthoM ke jJAna kA eka hI AtmA meM honA svIkAra kiyA hai tathA usake lie udAharaNa diyA hai - jisa prakAra bauddhoM ke yahAM citrAkAra evaM citrajJAna donoM kA eka vijJAna meM yugapad honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra jainamata meM bhI eka AtmA meM krama se avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA, smRti Adi kA honA abhISTa hai| 76 prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ne smRti jJAna ko vividha prakAra se pramANa siddha kiyA hai tathA bauddhoM kI ora se usake aprAmANya kI AzaMkAeM khar3I kara unakA nivAraNa kiyA hai| ve bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki Apa smRti ko kisa kAraNa se apramANa mAnate haiM ? (1) gRhItamAhI hone ke kAraNa (2) paricchitti vizeSa kA abhAva hone se (3) avidyamAna (asat) evaM atIta artha meM pravartaka hone se (4) 72. tulanIya - tato'rthakriyAsamarthavastupradarzakaM samyagjJAnam / - nyAyabinduTIkA, 1.1, pR. 16 73. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-2, pR. 405-406 evaM prameyakamalamArttaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 277 74. nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-2, pR. 406-7 75. nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-2, pR. 407 76. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 278

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 303 artha meM utpanna nahIM hone ke kAraNa,(5) visaMvAdaka hone se (6) samAropa kA vyavacchedaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa athavA (7) prayojana kA sAdhana nahIM hone se ?77 ___ ina samasta AzaMkAoM kA prabhAcandra ne kramazaHnirAkaraNa kara smRti kA prAmANya pratiSThita kiyA hai|8 / 1- gRhIta artha ke adhigama mAtra se smRti ko apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki anumAna ke dvArA gRhIta agni kA uttarakAla meM pratyakSa hone para use bhI apramANa nahIM mAnA jAtA / yadi adhigata artha kA adhigama karane para bhI pratyakSa ke dvArA apUrva arthAMza kA jJAna honA saMbhava hai, ataH vaha pramANa hai.to smRti ko bhI isa AdhAra para apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki vaha bhI vartamAnakAla meM jJAta artha kA atItakAla ke rUpa meM jJAna karAne se apUrva arthAMza kA jJAna karAtI hai| ata: vaha bhI pramANa hai / saMkSepa meM kaheM to smRti pramANa hai,kyoMki pramANAntara se jJAta artha kA bhI vaha kisI aMza se apUrva artha ke rUpa meM jJAna karAtI hai / vAdidevasUri ne gRhItagrAhI smRti jJAna ko bhI svapara vyavasAyI evaM avisaMvAdaka hone se pramANa mAnA hai / 79 2- paricchittivizeSa ke abhAva se bhI smRti ko apramANa kahanA ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki kahIM rakhI huI vastu,vicArita vastu evaM adhIta vastu Adi kA jJAna smaraNa se hI hotA hai,anya kisI jJAna se nahIM, ata: usameM paricchitti vizeSa kA abhAva nahIM hai| . 3- avidyamAna atIta artha meM pravartaka hone se smRti apramANa hai,yaha bhI mAnyatA asaMgata hai| atIta artha kI svakAla meM avidyamAnatA hotI hai yA smRtikAla meM? svakAla meM to usakI avidyamAnatA hotI nahIM hai ,kyoMki taba vaha vidyamAna rahatA hai / smRtikAla meM smRti ke grAhya artha kI asattA,apramANatA kA aMga nahIM hai,kyoMki usa sthiti meM bauddha mata meM pratyakSa ke bhI aprAmANya kA prasaMga AtA hai| pratyakSa ke grAhyaviSaya kI bhI pratyakSajJAna kAla meM sattA nahIM rahatI,kyoMki bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa kA grAhya kSaNa bhinna evaM prApyakSaNa bhinna mAnA gayA hai| 4- artha se utpanna nahIM hone ke kAraNa bhI smRti ko apramANa kahanA ayukta hai,kyoMki hama (jaina) pratyakSa kA bhI artha se utpanna honA svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| jaina mata meM jJAna kI utpatti meM artha 77. nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-2, pR.407-408 78. vAdidevasUri ne bhI syAdvAdaralAkara meM ina samasta AzaMkAoM ko uThAkara nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / draSTavya, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.486-488 79. gRhItArthagrAhitvenApi jJAnasya prAmANyam / - syAdvAdaralAkara pR. 487.4 80. isa prasaMga meM prabhAcandra ne dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika kA eka zloka uddhata kiyA hai, yathA bhinnakAlaM kathaM grAhyamiti ced grAhyatAM viduH / hetutvameva yuktijJAstadAkArArpaNakSamam ||uddht, nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 409,pramANavArtika,2.247

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304 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai / 81 5- smaraNa kA visaMvAdaka honA bhI asiddha hai, kyoMki vaha apane jJAta artha meM avisaMvAdaka hotA hai| gRhIta artha kI prApti honA athavA pramANAntara meM pravRtti honA avisaMvAdakatA hai / yaha donoM prakAra kI avisaMvAdakatA smRti se pratipanna svayaMdhAraNa kiye gaye dravyAdi arthoM meM hotI hI hai| jisa smRti meM visaMvAda hotA hai vaha smRtyAbhAsa kahalAtA hai, tathA jisa smRti meM avisaMvAda hotA hai vaha pramANa hotA hai / 6- smRti ko samAropa kA avyavacchedaka bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki smRti ke dvArA gRhIta padArtha meM viparIta Aropa kA praveza nahIM hotA / phalataH smRti samAropa kI vyavacchedaka hotI hai| jo samAropa kA vyavacchedaka hotA hai vaha pramANa hotA hai, yathA anumAna / smRti bhI samAropa kI vyavacchedaka hone se pramANa hai| prabhAcandra ne isa sandarbha meM prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke niyata sambandha kA smaraNa karane ke lie hI anumAna kAla meM dRSTAnta kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai / bauddha parArthAnumAna meM dRSTAnta kA kathana karanA abhISTa mAnate haiN| dRSTAnta kA kathana nahIM kiye jAne para unheM sAdhya-sAdhana ke sambandha meM vismaraNa, saMzaya evaM viparyayarUpa samAropa kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| ataH usa samAropa kA vyavaccheda karane ke lie ve dRSTAnta kA kathana karate haiM / dRSTAnta kA kathana smRti ke binA nahIM hotA / ataH isa prakAra samAropa kI vyavacchedaka hone se smRti pramANa hai / 82 I 7- smRti prayojana kI bhI sAdhaka hai| ataH use prayojana kA asAdhaka mAnakara apramANa kahanA yukta nahIM hai| anumAna meM pravRtti karAnA rUpa sAdhya hI smRti kA prayojana hai / anumAna sAdhya se pratibaddha hetu se pravRtta hotA hai / sAdhya se hetu kA pratibandha, sattAmAtra se anumAna kI pravRtti kA aMga hotA hai, yA jJAta hokara, athavA smRti ke dvArA aMgIkRta hokara ? prathama pakSa meM nAlikera dvIpa se Aye hue puruSa ko jise agni evaM dhUma kA avinAbhAva sambandha jJAta nahIM hai, use dhUmadarzana se agni kI pratipatti nahIM ho sakatI / dvitIyapakSa meM bAlyAvasthA meM jJAta agni evaM dhUma sambandha ke vRddhAvasthA meM vismRta ho jAne para bhI dhUma darzana se agni kA jJAna ho jAnA cAhie, kintu dhUma evaM agni kA sambandha vismRta ho jAne se dhUma dikhAI dene para bhI agni kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| tRtIya pakSa meM to smRti kI pramANatA kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha anumAna kI pravRtti kA aMga hai / jo jJAna anumAna kI pravRtti kA aMga hai vaha pramANa hai yathA pratyakSa / smaraNa bhI anumAna kI pravRtti kA aMga hai, ataH vaha bhI pramANa hai / 83 isa prakAra prabhAcandra ne akalaGka evaM vidyAnanda kI bhA~ti smRtijJAna ko avisaMvAdaka, samAropa 81. jJAna kI arthase utpatti nahIM hotI hai, isakA pratipAdana arthAkAratA kA nirasana karate samaya SaSTha adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai / draSTavya, pR. 368 82. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 282 83. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-2, pR. 408-11

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha - vicAra kA vyavacchedaka evaM kathaJcit agRhIta artha kA grAhaka svIkAra kiyA hai| ve use pratyakSa kI bhAMti hI pramANa mAnate haiM / smRti artha se utpanna nahIM hotI, asat artha ko viSaya karatI hai, isalie bauddha dArzanika use apramANa mAnate haiM, kintu prabhAcandra ke anusAra koI bhI jJAna artha se utpanna nahIM hotA hai evaM bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita pratyakSa bhI asatbhUta artha meM hI pravartaka hotA hai, isalie smRti ko ina hetuoM se apramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| smRtijJAna prayojanabhUta hai, usake binA anumAna saMbhava nahIM hai / vaha paricchittivizeSa kA pratipAdaka hai, isalie bhI vaha pratyakSa pramANa kI bhAMti pramANa hai / hemacandrasUri dvArA smRti - pramANa kA sthApana vAdidevasUri evaM hemacandrasUri ne bhI isI prakAra smRti meM prAmANya siddha kiyA hai, kintu ye donoM dArzanika smRti ko gRhItagrAhI hone para bhI pramANa mAnate haiN| 84 AcArya hemacandra ne to smRti meM prAmANya siddha karate hue jayantabhaTTa ke isa mantavya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki gRhItagrAhI hone se smRti kA aprAmANya nahIM hai, apitu artha se utpanna nahIM hone ke kAraNa isakA aprAmANya hai / 85 hemacandra isakA uttara dete hue bauddhoM evaM naiyAyikoM se kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra dIpaka apanI sAmagrI (tela, bAtI Adi) se utpanna hokara tathA ghaTAdi se anutpanna rahakara bhI ghaTAdi ko prakAzita karatA hai| usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama tathA indriya evaM mana ke bala se utpanna smRti jJAna bhI viSaya kA avabhAsaka hotA hai| pramANa ko arthajanya mAnane para marumarIcikA Adi meM jalajJAna bhI arthajanya hone se pramANa mAnA jAne lgegaa| isalie smRti arthajanya nahIM hone para bhI pramANa hai / yogijJAna bhI atIta evaM anAgata artha ko viSaya karatA hai, kintu vaha artha se utpanna nahIM hotA, phira bhI use pramANa mAnA jAtA hai / 86 I 87 smRti jJAna kA prAmANya to usakI avisaMvAditA se hai tathA apane viSaya kI prakAzakatA se hai| hemacandra kahate haiM ki yadi smRti ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jAya to anumAna ko bhI jalAJjali denI hogI, arthAt use bhI apramANa mAnanA hogaa| sabhI vAdI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki ("liGgagrahaNasambandha smaraNapUrvakamanumAnamiti ) liGga evaM liGgI ke sambandha ke smaraNa pUrvaka anumAna hotA hai| ataH anumAna kA honA smaraNa ke Azrita hai| isalie smaraNa ko pramANa mAne binA anumAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA | 88 samIkSaNa smRti ko parokSa-pramANa ke bhedoM meM eka pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara jaina dArzanikoM ne 84. grahISyamANagrAhiNa iva gRhItagrAhiNo'pi nA'prAmANyam / pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.4 85. na smRterapramANatvaM gRhItagrAhitAkRtam / apitvanarthajanyatvaM tadaprAmANyakAraNam // - nyAyamaJjarI, pR. 21, uddhata, pramANamImAMsA, pR. 5 86. pramANamImAMsA, pR. 34 87. pramANamImAMsA, pR. 33 88. pramANamImAMsA, pR. 34 305

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306 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA "prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa"89 siddhAnta ko caritArtha kiyA hai| yaha siddhAnta yadyapi bauddha dArzanikoM ne diyA hai,tathApi (1) asat artha ko viSaya karane ke kAraNa (2) artha se anutpanna hone ke kAraNa (3) anavasthA doSa kI prasakti hone ke kAraNa (4)visaMvAdaka hone ke kAraNa tathA (5) arthAkAra nahIM hone ke kAraNa smRti jJAna ko unhoMne nahIM mAnA hai| kintu laukika vyavahAra yA arthakriyA meM pravartakatA ko lekara vicAra kiyA jAya to smRtijJAna ke prAmANya kA pratiSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki hamArA samasta vyavahAra smRti para AdhArita hai / bhASA kA prayoga,lena-dena kA samasta vyavahAra, pUrvadRSTa yA jJAta vastu kA pratyabhijJAna smRti ke binA nahIM ho sakatA / smRti ke abhAva meM vyakti kisI nizcita kArya ke lie nizcita samaya para pravRtta bhI nahIM ho sakatA / yadi hameM zabda evaM artha ke saMketa kA smaraNa nahIM hai to hama samucita bhASA kA prayoga karane meM bhI sakSama nahIM ho sakate |yhii nahIM ghara,parivAra, pitA-putra Adi ko pahacAnane se bhI manA kara sakate haiN| isalie vyavahAra meM smRtijJAna pramANa hai| bauddha dArzanikoM kA maMtavya hai ki smRti ko pramANa mAnane para icchA, dveSa Adi ko bhI pramANa mAnanA hogA,kintu jainamatAnusAra icchA,dveSa Adi apramANa haiM,kyoMki ve avisaMvAdaka evaM jJAnAtmaka nahIM haiN| smRti avisaMvAdaka jJAna hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ko jJAnAtmaka mAnA hai, isalie ve icchA,dveSa Adi kA prAmANya aMgIkAra nahIM karate haiM / smRti ko jaina dArzanikoM ne usI prakAra pramANa mAnA hai,jisa prakAra ve pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnate haiM / pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa donoM meM samAna rUpa se ghaTita hotA hai| smRti kI upAdeyatA nyAya,mImAMsA,vaizeSika Adi darzana bhI svIkAra karate haiM,kyoMki isake binA vyAptijJAna evaM anumAna nahIM ho sakatA,phira bhI ve use svataMtra rUpa se jJAna kA pratipAdaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa athavA pratyakSAdi anya pramANoM dvArA gRhIta artha kA mAhI hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM / jayanta bhaTTa ne use anarthajanyatA ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM mAnA hai|| ___ smRtijJAna ko pramANa mAnane kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki jainamata meM sabhI smRtiyAM pramANa haiM / jaina dArzanika unhIM smRtiyoM ko pramANa mAnate hai,jo avisaMvAdaka hoM,vyavahAra meM upayogI hoM,sva evaM artha kI nizcAyaka hoM, tathA jinakA phala pratyabhijJAna ho / akalaGka ne yadyapi smRti kA prAmANya smRti kI pratipatti se hI mAnA hai, kintu smRti kI sabako anubhUti hone ke pazcAt bhI smRti ke yathAbhUta artha kA jJAna karAne meM aneka bAra visaMvAdakatA dekhI jAtI hai| usa visaMvAdakatA kA nirAkaraNa smRti dvArA saMbhava nahIM hai / smRti to saMskAra ke anurUpa hotI hai / pahale pratyakSa-pramANa dvArA jisa artha kA jJAna huA hai,saMskAra yadi sudRDha yA samyak nahIM hai, athavA dIrghakAlika vyavadhAna ke kAraNa saMskAra dhUmila ho gayA hai to smRti-jJAna saMvAdaka yA samyak nahIM ho sktaa| smRti apane Apa meM apanI saMvAdakatA kA nirNaya karane meM samartha nahIM ho sakatI / smRti kI saMvAdakatA kA jJAna 89. pramANavArtika, 1.7

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha - vicAra pratyakSa yA pratyabhijJAna dvArA honA saMbhava hai / smRti ko vaizeSika darzana meM pratyakSAdi jJAnoM ke paratantra hone se pRthak pramANa nahIM mAnA gayA, kintu paratantratA to anumAna meM bhI rahatI hai| anumAna bhI pUrvapratyakSa dvArA jJAta liGga-liGgI jJAna ke Azrita hotA hai| jainadArzanika kahate haiM ki liGga evaM liGgI kI smRti ke binA anumAna pramANa pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| isalie smRti ko pramANa svIkAra kiye binA anumAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| aisA koI dArzanika nahIM ho sakatA jo smRti kA prAmANya svIkAra kiye binA liGga dvArA liGgI kA jJAna kara sake / yaha avazya hai ki smRti ke samaya pramAtA ke samakSa artha vidyamAna nahIM rahatA, evaM smRti pratyakSa dvArA jJAta artha meM vaiziSTya bhI nahIM lAtI, kintu smRti ko sva evaM artha kA prakAzaka hone se, arthakriyA meM pravartaka hone se, avisaMvAdaka vyavahAra kA kAraNa hone se tathA vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna rUpa hone se pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi akalaGka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra Adi digambara jaina dArzanikoM ne kAla-bheda se smRti ko kathaJcit apUrva artha kA prAhI pratipAdita kiyA hai, kintu vAdidevasUri, hemacandra Adi zvetAmbara jaina dArzanika smRti ke gRhItagrAhI hone para bhI use pramANa svIkAra karate haiN| vastutaH smRti kA prAmANya pratyakSa dvArA gRhIta artha kA tathAbhUta jJAna karAne meM hI ucita pratIta hotA hai navIna yA apUrva arthAMza ke jJAna kI dRSTi se smRti ko pramANa mAnanA hamAre dainika vyavahAra meM bhI avyavasthA utpanna kara sakatA hai| smRti jJAna meM avisaMvAdakatA bhI tabhI ghaTita ho sakatI hai, jaba vaha pratyakSa Adi anya pramANoM dvArA jJAta artha kA tathAbhUta jJAna karA sake / pratyabhijJAna- pramANa jainadarzana meM pratyabhijJAna jaina dArzanikoM ne smRti kI bhAMti pratyabhijJAna ko bhI parokSa pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai / pratyabhijJAna kA svarUpa hai ki vaha smRti evaM pratyakSa kA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna hotA hai| akalaGka ne pratyabhijJAna ke lie saMjJA, saMjJAna evaM pratyabhijJA zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| vidyAnanda ne do prakAra ke pratyabhijJAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai- ekatva pratyabhijJAna evaM sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna / ekatva pratyabhijJAna meM pUrvajJAta artha kA pratyakSa hone para "vahI yaha hai" isa prakAra ekatA yA ekarUpatA kA jJAna hotA hai / sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna meM pUrvajJAta artha ke sadRza anya artha kA pratyakSa hone para "usake sadRza yaha hai" isa prakAra kA sAdRzya jJAna hotA hai / 9deg 307 mANikyanandI ne darzana (pratyakSa) evaM smRti se utpanna saMkalita jJAna ko pratyabhijJAna kahakara usake aneka udAharaNa diye haiM, yathA- (1) yaha vahI devadatta hai (2) gavaya gAya ke sadRza hai (3) bhaiMsa gAya se vilakSaNa hai (4) yaha isase dUra hai aadi| inameM prathama udAharaNa ekatva pratyabhijJAna kA tathA dvitIya udAharaNa sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna kA bodhaka hai| nyAya evaM mImAMsA darzanoM meM pratipAdita upamAna pramANa 90. dvividhaM hi pratyabhijJAnaM tadevedamityekatvanibandhanam, tAdRzamevedamiti sAdRzyanibandhanaM ca |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR. 42

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308 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kA jainadArzanikoM ne isI sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna meM samAveza kara liyA hai| ina donoM pratyabhijJAnoM ke atirikta ve vailakSaNya (vaisAdRzya) evaM prAtiyaugika pratyabhijJAna kA bhI kathana karate haiM,tRtIya evaM caturtha udAharaNa kramaza : ina pratyabhijJAnoM kA bodha karAte haiN| isa prakAra do vastuoM meM pArasparika ekatA, sadRzatA, vilakSaNatA evaM dUra-nikaTa Adi ke vyavahAra kA jJAna mANikyanandI ke anusAra pratyabhijJAna se hotA hai| __ pratyabhijJAna ke lakSaNa kA sarvAdhika vikAsa vAdidevasUri ke pramANanayatattvAloka meM dekhA jAtA hai| vAdidevasari ne anubhava evaM smRti se utpanna tathA tiryak sAmAnya va UrdhvatA sAmAnya ko viSaya karane vAle saMkalanAtmaka jJAna ko pratyabhijJAna kahA hai|92 isa lakSaNa meM pratyabhijJAna ke kAraNa,usake viSaya evaM svabhAva kA nirdeza ho gayA hai| isake pUrva mANikyanandI ke dvArA nirUpita lakSaNa meM pratyabhijJAna ke kAraNa evaM svarUpa kA nirdeza to huA hai, kintu viSaya kA nirdeza nahIM thA / vAdideva ne tiryak sAmAnya evaM UrdhvatA sAmAnya ko jo viSaya batalAyA hai vaha ekatva pratyabhijJAna evaM sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna meM lAgU hotA hai / 'Adi' pada se anya viSayoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| vibhinna arthoM meM jo sadRza pariNati hotI hai vaha tiryak sAmAnya evaM eka hI padArtha kI vibhinna paryAyoM yA avasthAoM meM jo sadRzatA hotI hai use jaina darzana meM UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahA gayA hai|93 eka hI vyakti meM bacapana yuvAvasthA evaM vRddhAvasthA meM jo ekatva pratyabhijJAna hotA hai vaha UrdhvatA sAmAnya viSaya se hotA hai tathA vibhinna manuSyoM meM jo sAdRzya kA pratyabhijJAna hotA hai vaha tiryak sAmAnya viSaya se pratIta hotA hai / hemacandra sUri ne pramANamImAMsA meM darzana (pratyakSa) evaM smaraNa se utpanna saMkalanAtmaka jJAna ko pratyabhijJAna nirUpita karate hue use ekatva,sAdRzya,vailakSaNya evaM tatpratiyogI ityAdi bheda vAlA mAnA hai| anya darzanoM meM pratyabhijJAna pratyabhijJA athavA pratyabhijJAna zabda kA prayoga kAzmIrazaiva darzana meM Atma-pratyabhijJAna ke lie huA hai / AtmA prakAzita hone para bhI bauddhika vikalpoM se vicchinna ho jAtA hai,usakA sarvatobhAvena anusaMdhAna pUrvaka sAkSAt jJAna hI zaivadarzana meM pratyabhijJA hai / sIdhe zabdoM meM kaheM to jJAta AtmA ko bhUlakara punaH pahacAna lenA pratyabhijJAna hai / jainadarzana meM pratyabhijJAna ko jisa prakAra ekatva,sAdRzya, Adi aneka prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai, zaivadarzana meM vaisA pratipAdana nahIM hai / zaivadarzana meM ekatva ke AdhAra para pratyabhijJA svIkAra kI gayI hai, sAdRzya ke AdhAra para nahIM / sAdRzya jJAna se 91.(1) darzanasmaraNakAraNakaM saMkalanaM pratyabhijJAnam / tadevedaM tatsadRza, tadvilakSaNaM, tatpratiyogItyAdi |-priikssaamukh, 3.5 (2) yathA sa evAyaM devadatta:, gosadRzo gavaya:, govilakSaNo mahiSa idamasmAd dUrama, vRkSo'yamityAdi |-priikssaamukh, 92. anubhavasmRtihetukaM tiryagUrkhatAsAmAnyAdigocaraM, saMkalanAtmakaM jJAnaM pratyabhijJAnam / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.5 93. prativyakti tulyA pariNatistiryaksAmAnyaM / pUrvAparapariNAmapasAdhAraNaM dravyamUrdhvatAsAmAnyaM |-prmaannnytttvaalok 5.4

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 309 ekatA kA avagama nahIM hotA,isalie vahAM sAdRzya pratyabhijJA nahIM hai| pratyabhijJAna ko zaivadarzana meM pratyakSa, anumAna evaM zabda pramANoM kA mUla mAnA gayA hai, parantu jainadarzana kI pratyabhijJA smRti evaM pratyakSa para AdhArita hai| trikadarzana meM pratyabhijJA AtmAbhimukha hai to jainadarzana meM vaha bAhya arthAbhimukha hai| nyAyadarzana meM pratyabhijJAna kA samAveza pratyakSa-pramANa meM kiyA gayA hai / jayantabhaTTa pratyabhijJAna ko arthajanya hone se pramANa mAnate haiM tathA pratyabhijJAna ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki atItakAla se viziSTa vartamAna kAlAvacchinna artha kA avabhAsana pratyabhijJA meM hotA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra sau phaloM kI gaNanA karane meM 99 phala atikrAnta ho jAne para bhI sau kI pratIti meM hetu hote haiM usI prakAra atItakAla kA sambandha bhI pratyabhijJA meM nimitta banatA hai| pratyabhijJAna pramANa to hai ,kintu indriyArtha sannikarSa se utpanna hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa hai / vaise yaha kevala indriya se nahIM, saMskAra sahakRta indriya ke sAmarthya se utpanna hotA hai|18 jayantabhaTTa ne pratyabhijJAna ko mAnasajJAna mAnane kA bhI vikalpa diyA hai, kintu vAcaspatimizra ne use bahirindriya se janya pratyakSa mAnA hai.200 vaizeSika darzana meM zrIdhara ne pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA hai tathA use saMskAra evaM indriya-janya svIkAra kiyA hai / 01 mImAMsakoM ne pratyabhijJAna ko agRhImAhI pratipAdita kara use pratyakSa pramANa meM sammilita kiyA hai / kumArila bhaTTa ne pratyabhijJAna ko indriya vyApAra ke kAraNa pratyakSa mAnA hai / 102 bauddhadArzanika zAntarakSita ne tattvasaMgraha meM mImAMsakoM ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisake anusAra pratyabhijJA meM sa eva ayam' (yaha vahI hai) meM ayam' (yaha) pada smRti se atirikta jJAna kA bodhaka hai| ataH pratyabhijJAna pramANa hai / 103 sAMkhya evaM vedAnta meM bhI pratyabhijJAna kA aprAmANya nahIM hai| vedAnta meM to "tattvamasi" mahAvAkya meM 'so'yaM devadattaH' kA udAharaNa dekara jo pratyakSa ghaTita kiyA - 94. vistAra ke lie draSTavya, DA Ara sI. dvivedI, kAzmIra kI tAMtrika paramparA : sAhitya, darzana aura sAdhanA, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI 95. pratyakSAnumAnAgamamUlAM pratyabhijJAmAzritya |-iishvrprtybhijnyaavimrshinii, khaNDa 2, pR. 195 96. nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga-2, pR. 31 97. nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga-2, pR.32 98. nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga-2, pR.33 29. mAnasI prtybhijnyaa| nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 2 pR.33 100. nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA, 1.1.4,,pR. 139 101. draSTavya, nyAyakandalI, pR. 276-277 102. pramANa pratyabhijJAnaM dRDhendriyatayocyate |-shlokvaartik, zabdanityatvAdhikaraNa, zloka 372 103. nanu ca pratyabhijJAnaM sa evetyupajAyate / akSavyApArasadbhAve niSpakampabAdhitam ||-tttvsnggrh, 444

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310 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hai vaha pratyabhijJA kA hI rUpa hai| isa prakAra nyAya,vaizeSika, mImAMsA, vedAnta Adi vaidika-darzanoM ko pratyabhijJAna kA prAmANya mAnya hai ,kintu ye saba ise pratyakSa-pramANa meM samAviSTa karate haiN| bauddhadarzana meM pratyabhijJAna kA aprAmANya bauddha dArzanikoM ke anusAra smRti kI bhAMti pratyabhijJAna bhI pramANa nahIM hai| kyoMki pratyabhijJAna ko pramANa mAnane para smRti kI bhAMti aneka doSa Ate haiM,yathA (1) pratyabhijJAna pramANa nahIM hai,kyoMki use pramANa mAnane para anavasthA doSa AtA hai / 104 (2) vaha gRhItagrAhI hotA hai / 105 (3) usakA apanA koI viSaya nahIM hai|106(4) isameM smRti evaM pratyakSa do bhinna jJAna haiN| isalie pratyabhijJAna ko bhrAntajJAna mAnA gayA hai / (5) nirviSaya hone se saMvAdakatA kA isameM prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai / diinAga kahate haiM ki jo pratyabhijJAtmaka vizeSadRSTa jJAna hai vaha pramANa nahIM hotA hai / unake mata meM jJAna evaM pratyabhijJAna meM vastutaH bheda nahIM hai, phira bhI pramANa evaM phala kA bheda karane para jJAna pratyabhijJeyArtha se bhinna ho jAtA hai| pratyabhijJAna to gRhIta kA grahaNa karatA hai / yahA~ para ve yaha bhI spaSTa karate haiM ki pratyakSa ke dvArA gRhIta rUpAdi ke anitya hone kA jo grahaNa hai vaha bhI pramANa nahIM hotA hai / ve pratyabhijJAna ko apramANa mAnane ke jisa kAraNa kA nirdeza karate haiM vaha hai anavasthA doSa / ve kahate haiM ki yadi sabhI jJAnoM ko pramANa mAnA jAya to anavasthA doSa AtA hai|07 dharmakIrti ne pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa mAnane vAle dArzanikoM kA khaNDana kara use pratyakSa se bhinna pratipAdita kiyA hai| dharmakIrti kA mata hai ki 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakAra kI ekatvaviSayaka pratyabhijJAna nAmaka kalpanA ko pratyakSa pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA,kyoMki pratyakSa evaM pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya bhinna hai / pratyakSa meM spaSTa avabhAsa hotA hai, kintu pratyabhijJAna meM usakA bhrama hotA hai / kATe hue kezoM evaM navIna utpanna kezoM meM,jAdUgara ke dvArA pradarzita goloM meM,tathA pratikSaNa naye jala rahe dIpaka Adi meM yaha vahI dIpaka hai ke rUpa meM jo pratyabhijJAna hotA hai, vaha spaSTAvabhAsI pratyakSa se bhinna hai, isalie pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / aise pratyabhijJAna se varNAdi meM ekatva kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki pratyakSa evaM pratyabhijJAna donoM bhinna haiN| pratyabhijJAna meM pUrvAnubhUta artha ke dharma kA smaraNa hone se vartamAna 104. nA'pi puna: pratyabhijJA'navasthA syAtsmRtAdivat / - pramANasamuccaya, 1.3 105. gRhItagrahaNaM prtybhijnyaanm|-prmaannsmuccyvRtti, pR.10 106. pratyabhijJApratyayo prAnta eva nirviSayatvAt / -tarkabhASA (mokSAkaragupta), pR.32, paGkti 23 107. pratyabhijJAtmakaM yadvizeSadRSTajJAnaM tatpramANaM na bhavatItyarthaH / yadyapi jJAnapratyabhijJAnayorvastutaH bhedo nAsti / tathApi pramANaphalayo bhedakalpane jJAnaM pratyabhijJeyArthavijAtIyam / gRhItagrahaNaM pratyabhijJAnam / apizabdena pratyakSeNa gRhItamapi punazca rUpAdikamanityamiti yadagrahaNaM tadapi pramANaM na bhavatIti dishyte| yadi sarveSAM jJAnAnAM pramANatvamiSyate pramANAnavasthA prasajyate smRtaadivt|-prmaannsmuccyvRtti, pR.10

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha - vicAra artha para Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, aisA Aropa pratyakSa meM nahIM hotA / 1deg 08 zAntarakSita kA mata hai ki do bhinna jJAnoM meM abheda ke adhyavasAya se pravRtta hone ke kAraNa pratyabhijJAna prAnta hai, pratyakSa usase vilakSaNa hotA hai / 109 pratyakSa kalpanApoDha hotA hai jabaki pratyabhijJAna sAbhilApa hotA hai / 110 ratnakIrti ne kAraNa bheda, viSaya bheda, evaM svabhAva bheda ke kAraNa pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa se bhinna nirUpita kiyA hai| 111 mokSAkara gupta ne pratyabhijJAna ko nirviSaya hone ke kAraNa bhrAnta batalAyA hai| 112 isa prakAra bauddhadarzana ne nyAya, mImAMsA Adi darzanoM kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana kara pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa se bhinna pratipAdita kiyA hai tathA use nirviSaya hone ke kAraNa bhrAnta batalAyA hai / bauddha dArzanika dinAga jahAM anavasthA ke kAraNa pratyabhijJAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnate vahAM anya bauddha dArzanikoM ne usake aprAmANya para adhika prakAza nahIM DAlA hai| vastutaH pratyabhijJAna ko pramANa mAnane para bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, isalie bauddha meM yaha apramANa hai| kSaNikavAda meM pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya hI nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki pratyakSa se dRSTa viSaya to dUsare kSaNa rahatA hI nahIM hai / jainoM dvArA pratyabhijJAna pramANa kA pratiSThApana jaina dArzanikoM ne pratyabhijJAna ko pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| akalaGka, vidyAnanda evaM prabhAcandra ke dvArA diye gaye tarka yahAM prastuta haiM, jinameM vizeSataH bauddha mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / 311 akalaGka dvArA pratyabhijJAna- pramANa kA sthApana bhaTTa akalaGka ne pratyabhijJAna ko avisaMvAdaka jJAna hone se pramANa mAnA hai| ve smRti pramANa kA phala pratyabhijJAna ko tathA pratyabhijJAna pramANa kA phala tarka ko nirUpita karate haiN|' 113 akalaGka ke 108. etena yaH samakSe' meM pratyabhijJAnakalpanAm // spaSTAvabhAsAM pratyakSAM kalpayet so'pi vAritaH / kezagolakadIpAdAvapi spaSTAvabhAsanAt // pratItabhede'pyadhyakSA dhIH kathaM tAdRzI bhavet / tasmAnna pratyabhijJAnAd varNAdyekatvanizcayaH // pUrvAnubhUtasmaraNAt taddharmAropaNAd vinA / sa evAyamiti jJAnaM nAsti taccAkSaje kutaH // - pramANavArtika, 2.503-506 109. bhrAntaM ca pratyabhijJAnaM pratyakSaM tadvilakSaNam / abhedAdhyavasAyena bhinnarUpe'pi vRttitaH // - tattvasaGgraha, 447 110. na khalu pratyabhijJAnaM pratyakSamupapadyate / vastusvarUpamanirdezyaM sAbhilApaM ca tadyataH // - tattvasaGgraha, 446 111. nanvidameka meva na bhavati kAraNabhedAt viSayabhedAt svabhAvavirodhAcca / -ratnakIrtinibandhAvali, pR. 113 112. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 106 113. avisaMvAdasmRteH phalasya hetutvAt pramANaM dhAraNA / smRtiH saMjJAyAH pratyavamarzasya / saMjJA cintAyAH tarkasya / - laghIyastrayavRtti, akalaGkayaM dhatraya, pR. 5.1

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312 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA anusAra zabda saMketa dvArA jo artha grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha bhI smRti evaM pratyabhijJAna ke AdhAra para grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / 114 ve smRti evaM pratyabhijJAna Adi kA viSaya kAlpanika nahIM,apitu paramArtha mAnate haiM / 15 unakA kathana hai ki jaba pUrvAnubhUta atIta artha kA punaHpratyakSa hotA hai to puruSa usakA pratyabhijJAna karatA hai| dUra-nikaTa Adi kA pratibhAsa bheda pratyabhijJAna dvArA hI hotA hai / 116 pratyabhijJAna ko pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM sthApita karate hue akalaGkaupamAna kA antarbhAva pratyabhijJAna meM kara lete haiM tathA pratyabhijJAna ke aneka udAharaNa dete haiM / 117 vidyAnanda dvArA sthApana vidyAnanda ne do prakAra ke pratyabhijJAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai- ekatva pratyabhijJAna evaM sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna / vahI yaha hai' isa prakAra kA jJAna ekatva pratyabhijJAna tathA vaisA hI yaha hai' evaMvidha jJAna sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna hai / 118 ve ina donoM prakAra ke pratyabhijJAnoM ko smRti evaM pratyakSa se bhinna pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiN| pratyabhijJAna ke ina donoM prakAroM ko pramANa nahIM mAnane vAle pratipakSI bauddha dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki ekatva pratyabhijJAna kA jo svarUpa vahI yaha hai' ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai usameM "vahI" pada atIta kA jJAna karAne se smRtirUpa hai tathA yaha pada vartamAna kA jJAna karAne se pratyakSarUpa hai| isa prakAra pratyabhijJAna koI pRthak pramANa nahIM hai,apitu isameM pratyakSa evaM smRti do jJAna hai / sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna meM bhI isI prakAra vaisA hI' yaha smRti kA viSaya hai tathA yaha hai' yaha pratyakSa kA viSaya hai, isalie pratyabhijJAna ko pRthak pramANa mAnane kI kalpanA vyartha hai / 119 / vidyAnanda ne pratipakSI kA uttara dete hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki smaraNa aura pratyakSa se janya tathA atIta aura vartamAna meM avasthita eka dravya ko viSaya karane vAlA pratyabhijJAna supratIta hai / smRti ke dvArA 'vaha' kA jJAna hotA hai tathA pratyakSa ke dvArA 'yaha' kA jJAna hotA hai jabaki pratyabhijJAna ina donoM ke saMkalanAtmaka rUpa ekatva 'vahI yaha hai' kA bodhaka hotA hai| jo maiM bAlaka thA,kumAra huA,yuvA huA,madhyama huA vahI maiM abhI vRddha hU~,aisI pratIti sabako hotI hai|12deg pratyabhijJAna ko svIkAra kiye binA pUrvottara kSaNoM meM santAna kI ekatA bhI siddha nahIM kI jA sakatI / isI prakAra pUrvApara 114. tadayaM zabdArthoM smRtyA saMkalayya saMkete punaH zabdapratipattau tadartha pratyeti / laghIyastrayavRtti, 45 115. smRtipratyabhijJAnAderapi paramArthaviSayatvAt / laghIyastrayavRtti, 45, akalaGkamanyatraya, pR. 15.29 116.(1) pratibhAsabhidaikArthe dUrAsanAkSabuddhivat ||-lghiiysy, 45 (2) idamalpaM mahadUramAsanaM prAMzu neti vaa|| ___ vyapekSAtaH samakSe'the vikalpaH sAdhanAntaram ||-lghiiystry, 21 117. siddhivinizcayavRtti, pR. 179 118.dvividhaM hi pratyabhijJAnaM tadevedamityekatvanibandhanam, tAdRzamevedamiti sAdRzyanibandhanaJca |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR. 42 119. pramANaparIkSA, pR. 42 120. bAlako'haM ya evAsaM sa eva ca kumArakaH / yuvako madhyamo vRddho'dhanAsmIti pratItitaH ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.13.46

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 313 vastuoM meM sAdRzya kA jJAna karane ke lie pratyabhijJAna ko pramANa rUpa meM svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai| 121 bauddhoM kA mantavya hai ki pratyabhijJAna gRhIta artha kA grahaNa karatA hai ,ataH gRhItagrAhI hone se vaha apramANa hai / vidyAnanda isa mantavya kA nirasana karate hue pratipAdita karate haiM ki pratyabhijJAna kathaJcit apUrva artha kA grAhI hotA hai / pratyabhijJAna kA viSayabhUta eka dravya na to smRti se gRhIta hotA hai aura na hI pratyakSa se,ataHpratyabhijJAna ko gRhItagrAhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi smaraNa dvArA gRhIta atIta paryAya aura pratyakSa dvArA gamyamAna vartamAna paryAya se dravya kA tAdAtmya hone ke kAraNa pratyabhijJAna pUrvArthagrAhI kahA jAtA hai to isa prakAra to anumAnapramANa bhI sarvathA apUrva artha kA grAhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA,phalataHpratyabhijJAna kI bhAMti use bhI apramANa mAnanA hogaa| vyAptigrAhI jJAna ke dvArA samasta sAdhyoM kA sAmAnya rUpa se jJAna ho jAtA hai,anumAna ke dvArA unhIM jJAta sAdhyoM meM se kisI dezaviziSTa yA kAlaviziSTa sAdhya kA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai,ataH anumAna bhI sarvathA apUrvArtha kA grAhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 22 bAdhaka pramANa kA sadbhAva hone se yadi pratyabhijJAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to vidyAnanda ke anusAra yaha mantavya bhI sarvathA ayukta hai,kyoMki pratyabhijJAna kA bAdhaka pramANa asaMbhava hai| pratyakSa pramANa ko pratyabhijJAna kA bAdhaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki pratyakSa kI pravRtti pratyabhijJAna ke viSaya meM nahIM hotI hai| jo jisake viSaya meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai vaha na usakA sAdhaka hotA hai aura na bAdhaka / jisa prakAra rUpajJAna ke viSaya meM rasajJAna pravRtta nahIM hone se vaha rUpajJAna kA na sAdhaka hotA hai aura na bAdhaka / pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya pUrvadRSTa evaM dRzyamAna paryAyoM meM ekatva yA sAdRzya hotA hai,jabaki pratyakSa kA viSaya mAtra dRzyamAna artha kI paryAya hotA hai| anumAna bhI pratyabhijJAna kA bAdhaka nahIM hai,kyoMki vaha bhI pratyabhijJAna ke viSaya meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai| anumAna kI pravRtti to anumeyamAtra meM hotI hai / ataHpratyabhijJAna sakalabAdhaka pramANoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa pramANa hai| ____ ekatva pratyabhijJAna ke samAna hI sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna bhI bAdhakAmAva ke kAraNa pramANa hai / jo pratyabhijJAna apane viSaya meM bAdhita hotA hai vaha pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai,apramANa hai| kabhI kabhI apane kATe hue nAkhUnoM ke pazcAt naye utpanna nAkhUnoM meM bhI "ye ve hI nAkhUna haiM" isa prakAra ekatva pratyabhijJAna hotA dekhA gayA hai,vaha apramANa hai,kyoMki naye nAkhUnoM meM pUrva nAkhUnoM se sAdRzya hai, ekatva nahIM,ataH pUrvApara nAkhUnoM meM sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna pramANa hai tathA ekatva pratyabhijJAna apramANa / ata: abAdhita ekatva evaM sAdRzya rUpa pratyabhijJAna pramANa hai,bAdhita pratyabhijJAna apramANa / 23 121. pramANaparIkSA, pR.43 122. pramANaparIkSA,pra.43 123.(1) draSTavya, pramANaparIkSA, pa.43-44 (2) draSTavya, aSTasahasrI, pR.203-207

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314 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA saMkSepa meM kahA jAe to vidyAnanda ke anusAra vahI pratyabhijJAna pramANa hai jo artha kA jJAna hone ke pazcAt arthakriyA meM avisaMvAdI hotA hai| pratyabhijJAna anumAna se pRthak pramANa hai / pratyabhijJAna ke dvArA liGga kA pratyavamarza hotA hai| liGga pratyavamarza ke binA anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ataHpratyabhijJAna,anumAna se pRthak pramANa hai / yadi pratyabhijJAna ko anumAna kahA jAyegA to usa anumAna meM liGgapratyavamarza kisase hogA,yadi liGgapratyavamarza ke lie bhinna anumAna kI kalpanA kI jAyegI to anavasthA doSa hogaa| ataH pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa evaM anumAna se bhinna pramANa mAnanA upayukta hai / 124 isa prakAra vidyAnanda ekatva evaM sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa,smRti evaM anumAna se pRthaka pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiM tathA use avisaMvAdaka evaM liGgapratyavamarza kA grAhaka pramANa mAnate prabhAcandra aura vAdidevasUri dvArA sthApana prabhAcandra evaM vAdideva sUri ne aneka tarka upasthApita kara pratyabhijJAna kA pRthak prAmANya siddha kiyA hai| unake tarka lagabhaga samAna hai / unhoMne bauddha pakSa ko upasthApita karate hue kahA hai ki bauddha dArzanika pratyabhijJAna meM 'vaha' evaM 'yaha' ke viruddha dharmoM kA adhyAsa hone se use pramANa nahIM mAnate haiN| bauddhoM kA kathana hai ki "vaha" ke rUpa meM aspaSTa tathA 'yaha' ke rUpa meM spaSTa do viruddha dharmoM kA pratyabhijJAna meM abheda honA yukta nahIM hai / vaha evaM 'yaha' yadi donoM AkAra eka dUsare meM praviSTa hokara pratIta hote haiM to donoM meM se eka hI AkAra kA pratibhAsa honA cAhie tathA praviSTa nahIM hone para yaha evaM vaha donoM kI pRthak pratIti honI caahie| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki viruddha dharmoM ke kAraNa inakA eka adhikaraNa bhI nahIM ho sktaa| tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki bauddha dArzanika pratyabhijJAna kI utpatti ke kAraNa evaM usake viSaya kA bhI abhAva pratipAdita karate haiM / 125 prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ne bauddha maMtavya kA khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki viruddha dharmAdhyAsa se pratyabhijJAna ko asaMbhava kahanA ucita nahIM hai| dharmoM kA dharmI ke sAtha virodha nahIM hotA hai,kyoMki dharmI meM dharmoM kI pratIti hotI hai| jo jisameM pratIta hotA hai vaha usase viruddha nahIM hotA hai, yathA citrajJAna meM nIlAdi AkAra pratIta hote haiM, ataH ve citrajJAna ke virodhI nahIM hote haiN| isI prakAra pratyabhijJAna meM vahI' evaM 'yaha' ye donoM AkAra pratIta hote haiM ataH ve pratyabhijJAna ke virodhI nahIM hote haiN| yadi ina dhamoM meM pArasparika virodha hai to usase dharmI meM koI parivartana nahIM AtA hai jisase pratyabhijJAna saMbhava na ho / pratyabhijJAna to hotA hI hai| 'vaha' evaM 'yaha' ina do AkAroM kA 124. liGgapratyavamazeNa vinA nAstyeva lainggikm| vibhinnaH sonumAnAccetrAmANAntaramAgatam / / - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.59 125.(1)nyAyakumudacandra,pR.411-13 (2) syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.491-92

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 315 pratyabhijJAna meM praveza nahIM hotA, yaha kathana bhI yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki inakA pratyabhijJAna meM praveza svarUpa sAMkarya ke rUpa meM nahIM hotA hai, apitu pratyabhijJAna meM inakI nirbAdha pratIti hotI hai, jise svIkAra karanA caahie| nIla ke nirbAdha pratIta hone se jisa prakAra bauddha use nIla rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM usI prakAra vaha' evaM 'yaha' ina do AkAroM se samanvita eka pratyabhijJAna kI nirbAdha pratIti hone se use svIkAra karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai ,anyathA bauddhamata meM citrajJAna kI siddhi nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki nIlAdi jJAnoM kA paraspara anupraveza na mAnane para bhinna santAna vAle nIlAdi pratibhAsoM ke atyanta bhinna hone se citratA siddha nahIM ho sakatI / eka citrajJAna rUpa adhikaraNa meM nIlAdipratibhAsoM kI pratyakSataH pratIti mAnate haiM to pratyabhijJAna meM bhI AkAradvaya kI pratIti mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| ataH viruddha dharmoM ke adhyAsa se pratyabhijJAna kA abhAva nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ___ kAraNoM kA abhAva hone se pratyabhijJAna saMbhava nahIM hai,aisA mAnanA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai,kyoMki pratyakSa evaM smaraNa ye donoM pratyabhijJAna ke kAraNa haiN| pratyabhijJAna ke lakSaNa meM hI inako sthAna diyA gayA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki pratyakSa evaM smaraNa ke viSaya evaM AkAra bhinna-bhinna haiM, ata: ye pratyabhijJAna ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakate toprabhAcandra kahate haiM ki darzana (pratyakSa)aura smaraNa kA pratyabhijJAna ke sAtha anvaya evaM vyatireka sambandha hai / jo jisakA anvaya-vyatireka vidhAyI hotA hai vaha usakA kAraNa hotA hai,yathA bIjAdi ke hone para hI aMkura utpanna hotA hai, bIja ke abhAva meM aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA / ataH bIja aMkura kA kAraNa hai / isI prakAra darzana aura smaraNa ke hone para hI pratyabhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, anyathA nhiiN| isalie ve donoM pratyabhijJAna ke kAraNa haiN| kAraNoM kA sadbhAva hone se bauddha AzaMkA mithyA siddha hotI hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pratyabhijJAna kArya hai / kArya pratIta hotA huA apane kAraNa ke sadbhAva kA bodha karAtA hai ataHpratyabhijJAna ke kAraNa kA abhAva nahIM kahA jA sktaa| viSayAbhAva ke kAraNa pratyabhijJAna ko apramANa mAnanA sarvathA anucita hai,kyoMki pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya pUrva evaM uttara kAla meM rahane vAlA eka dravya hotA hai / pratyakSAdi se pratyabhijJAna kA svarUpa bhinna hai ata: usakA viSaya bhI bhinna hai| pratyakSa kA viSaya vartamAna kAla se avacchinna hotA hai tathA smaraNa kA viSaya atItakAla se avacchinna hotA hai, jabaki pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya donoM kAloM se avacchinna dravyavizeSa hotA hai / kSaNabhaMgavAda ke kAraNa yadi dravyavizeSa kA honA asaMbhava hai to yaha mAnanA bhI anucita hai,kyoMki ekAnta kSaNikavAda hI siddha nahIM hai / 126 prabhAcandra pratyabhijJAna ko pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita karane hetu bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki phira pratyabhijJAna ko apramANa kyoM mAnA jAtA hai ? (1) gRhItagrAhI hone se (2) smaraNa ke anantara utpanna 126.(1)nyAyakumudacandra,bhAga-2,pR.414-18 (2) syAdvAdaralAkara,pR.492-96

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316 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hone se (3) zabdAkAra ko dhAraNa karane se athavA to (4) bAdhita hone se ? pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya smRti evaM pratyakSa dvArA gRhIta nahIM hai. ataH pratyabhijJAna ko gahItagrAhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| atIta evaM vartamAna artha kI paryAyoM meM ekatva yA sAdRzya kA jJAna pratyabhijJAna ke atirikta anya pramANa se nahIM hotaa| yadi pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya atIta aura vartamAna paryAyoM meM tAdAtmya sambandha ke kAraNa kathaJcit pUrvArtha hai to bhI use apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki anumAna kA viSaya bhI sarvathA apUrvArtha nahIM hai| smaraNa ke anantara utpanna hone se bhI pratyabhijJAna ko apramANa nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki rUpa-smaraNa ke anantararasa kI sannidhi meM utpanna rasajJAna bauddhoM dvArA apramANa nahIM mAnA gayA hai / smaraNa ke anantara utpatra hone se pratyabhijJAna ke prAmANya kA niSedha karane para to anumAna ke prAmANya ko bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ,kyoMki vaha bhI sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke avinAbhAva sambandha kA smaraNa hone ke pazcAt utpanna hotA hai / smaraNa ke abhAva meM dRSTAnta kA kathana bhI zakya nahIM hai,jabaki bauddhoM ne dRSTAnta ko anumAna kA aMga svIkAra kiyA hai| zabdAkAra ko dhAraNa karane se (zabda yojanA yukta hone se) pratyabhijJAna ko yadi apramANa kahA jAtA hai to bhI upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina mata meM jJAna ko zabdAkAra (zabda yojanA yukta hI) nahIM mAnA gayA hai / zabda se vivikta bhI jJAna jainamata meM abhISTa hai / pratyakSa -pramANa ko jainadArzanikoM ne savikalpaka mAnakara bhI zabda-yojanA se rahita mAnA hai| pratyabhijJAna bAdhita hotA hai isalie apramANa hai, aisA mantavya bhI asamyak hai, kyoMki pratyabhijJAna na pratyakSa se bAdhita hotA hai aurana anumAna se / pratyakSa evaM anumAna kI pravRtti pratyabhijJAna ke viSaya meM nahIM hotI hai / jo jisake viSaya meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai vaha na usakA sAdhaka hotA hai aura na bAdhaka / anumAna-pramANa bhI pratyabhijJAna ke viSaya meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai, ataH vaha bhI pratyabhijJAna kA bAdhaka nahIM hai / yadi anumAna kadAcit usake viSaya meM pravRtta hotA hai to bhI vaha pratyabhijJAna ke viSaya kA sarvathA bAdhaka nahIM hai, isalie pratyabhijJAna sakala bAdhakoM se rahita hone se pramANa hai| ekatva pratyabhijJAna kI bhAMti "gavaya gau ke sadRza hotA hai" Adi sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna bhI bAdhakAbhAva ke kAraNa tathA saMvAdaka hone se pramANa hote haiN| sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna se hI mahAnasa ke dhUma darzana ke pazcAt parvata-dhUma ko dhUma rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai aura usake anantara anumAna pramANa honA saMbhava hotA hai ,anyathA nhiiN| isalie pratyabhijJAna saMvAdaka hone se pramANa hai / 27 naiyAyikoM ke upamAna-pramANa meM sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna kA antarbhAva ho sakatA hai, kintu usameM ekatva,vailakSaNya,pratiyogI Adi pratyabhijJAnoM kA antarbhAva honA zakya nahIM hai, ataH pratyabhijJAna 127. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 293-95

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha - vicAra ko pRthak pramANa mAnanA ucita hai| naiyAyika evaM mImAMsA sammata upamAna- pramANa kA antarbhAva pratyabhijJAna pramANa meM ho jAtA hai / 1 isa prakAra prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ke anusAra pratyabhijJAna pramANa pratyakSa evaM smRti rUpa kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai tathA pUrva evaM uttarakAla meM avasthita eka padArtha ko viSaya karatA hai| vaha pratyakSa, smRti Adi jJAnoM kI bhAMti avisaMvAdaka hotA hai / kathaJcit apUrva artha kA grahaNa karatA hai, kyoMki usakA viSaya kisI anya pramANa se gRhIta nahIM hai / vaha pratyakSa evaM anumAna pramANa se bAdhita bhI nahIM hai / pratyabhijJAna ke binA vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA tathA vyAptijJAna ke binA anumAna pravRtta nahIM ho sakatA / pratyabhijJAna ke dvArA ekatva, sAdRzya, vilakSaNatA evaM pratiyogitA kA jJAna hotA hai, anya kisI pramANa se nahIM hotA, isalie pratyabhijJAna eka pRthak pramANa hai / 1 317 hemacandra sUri dvArA sthApana 1 AcArya hemacandra sUri ne bauddhoM, mImAMsakoM evaM naiyAyikoM ke mantavyoM kA saMkSepa meM khaNDana karate hue pratyabhijJAna kA pRthak prAmANya siddha kiyA hai| unhoMne bhI pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa evaM smaraNa se bhinna siddha kara pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa mAnane kA khaNDana kiyA hai| unhoMne mImAMsakoM se kahA hai ki Apake yahAM sambaddha tathA vartamAna vastu ko hI cakSu Adi indriyoM se grahaNa karanA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, smaraNa ko grahaNa karanA nhiiN| isalie atIta evaM vartamAna viSayoM ke ekatva kA grahaNa indriya se nahIM ho sakatA / naiyAyikoM ne smaraNa sahakRta indriya se ekatva kA grahaNa karane vAle pratyakSa ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unake isa mantavya kA khaNDana karate hue hemacandra sUri kahate haiM ki indriya apane viSaya meM niyata rahatI hai, vaha saiMkar3oM sahakArI hone para bhI anya viSayoM meM pravRtta nahIM hotI / sugandha ke smaraNa kI sahAyatA pAkara bhI cakSu indriya gandhAdi ko nahIM jAna sakatI / atIta evaM vartamAna avasthA meM rahane vAlA eka dravya isa prakAra indriya pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM bntaa| yahAM para naiyAyikoM kA yaha tarka hai ki jisa prakAra aMjana Adi ke saMyoga se cakSu indriya atizayayukta hotI hai, isI prakAra smaraNasahakRta indriya bhI ekatva kA jJAna karA detI hai| hemacandra yahAM uttara dete haiM ki indriyoM kA atizaya apane viSaya ko grahaNa karane meM hotA hai, viSayAntara ko grahaNa karane meM nahIM / 128 visaMvAda kA abhAva hone se pratyabhijJAna pramANa hai| pratyabhijJAna ko yadi pramANa na mAnA jAya to AtmA ke ekatva kA abhAva hone se bandha evaM mokSa kI vyavasthA hI na bana skegii| hemacandra kahate haiM ki jo baddha hotA hai vahI mukta hotA hai| baddha vyakti apane ko duHkhI samajhakara mukti kA sukha prApta karane ke lie jo prayAsa karatA hai usase pratyabhijJAna kA prAmANya siddha hai| yadi pUrvottara paryAya meM ekatva na mAnA jAya to duHkhI koI anya hogA aura prayAsa koI anya karegA evaM sukhI anya hI hogA / isalie samasta dRSTa evaM adRSTa vyavahAra ke ekatva kA mUla hone se ekatva nizcAyaka 128. pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.4. kI vRtti

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318 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratyabhijJAna ko eka pRthak pramANa mAnanA cAhie / 129 samIkSaNa sArAMza yaha hai ki jaina dArzanika pratyabhijJAna ko avisaMvAdaka,vAstavika artha kA grAhaka.sva evaM artha kA nizcAyaka tathA bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva hone se pramANa mAnate haiM / akalaGka, vidyAnanda evaM prabhAcandra ne pratyabhijJAna ko kathaJcit apUrva artha kA grAhI bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| pratyabhijJAna ke dvArA jaina dArzanikoM ne ekatva,sAdRzya vilakSaNatA evaM pratiyogitA ke jJAna kA prakAzana svIkAra kiyA hai| jo upamAna-pramANa dvArA saMbhava nahIM hai / upamAnapramANa se mAtra sAdRzya yA saMjJA saMjJisaMbaMdha hI gRhIta hotA hai| pratyabhijJAna smRti evaM pratyakSa pUrvaka hotA hai, isalie vaha smRti evaM pratyakSa donoM se bhinna hai| prAyaH hama jina padArthoM kA pratyakSa karate haiM,vaha pratyabhijJAna hI hotA hai,yathA pustaka,kalama,ghara,pitA, putra,patnI,Adi kA pratyakSa pratyabhijJAnAtmaka hI hotA hai| pUrva smRti bhI usameM kArya karatI hai| yadi smRti kA aMza na rahe to usa pratyakSa dvArA samyak pravRtti honA zakya na ho / vyavahAra meM pratyakSa evaM pratyabhijJAna meM hama antara hI nahIM kara pAte haiN| pratyabhijJAna pratyakSa jaisA hI bhAsatA hai, kintu pratyakSa se pratyabhijJAna kA yahI antara hai ki pratyabhijJAna meM smRti nihita rahatI hai,jabaki pratyakSa meM smRti kA aMza nahIM hotaa| tarka-pramANa tarka ko pramANa kI zreNi meM pratiSThita karanA bhI jaina dArzanikoM kA bhAratIya nyAya ko anUThA yogadAna hai| nyAya,vaizeSika evaM bauddha darzanoM ne tarka ko pramANa kA upagrAhaka svIkAra karake bhI use pramANa nahIM mAnA hai, kintu jainadArzanikoM ne tarka kI pRthaka pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThA karane ke sAtha usake svarUpa kA bhI vikAsa kiyA hai| sAMkhya,mImAMsA evaM advaita darzanoM ne tarka ko pRthak pramANa to nahIM mAnA hai,kintu unheM usakA anumAna athavA arthApatti pramANa meM antarbhAva abhISTa hai| jainadarzana meM tarka kA svarUpa jainadarzana meM tarka ko vyApti kA grAhaka evaM avadhAraNAtmaka jJAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / bhaTTa akalaGka ke pUrva jainadarzana meM tarka kI pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM sthApanA dikhAI nahIM detI / umAsvAti ke tatvArthasatra meM matijJAna ke paryAyArthaka zabdoM meM jisa 'cintA' zabda kI gaNanA kI gaI hai13deg use hI akalaGkane Age calakara laghIyasAya, nyAyavinizvaya Adi granthoM meM tarkapramANa ke rUpa meM vikasita evaM pratiSThita kiyA hai / unhoMne tarka cintA) ko pratyabhijJAna pramANa kA phala mAnA hai tathA tarka ko pramANa mAnakara anumAna ko usakA phala kahA hai / 131 aSTazatI meM unhoMne liGgaliGgisambandha jJAna ko 129. pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.4. kI vRtti 130. matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanAntaram / - tattvArthasUtra, 1.13 / / 131. saMjJA cintAyAH tarkasya / cintA abhinibodhasya anumAnAdeH |-lssiiysvyvRtti, akalaGkaanyatraya, pR.5

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 319 anumAna kI bhAMti pramANa mAnA hai / 132 yahAM liGgaliGgI -sambandhajJAna se unakA abhiprAya tarkapramANa hI pratIta hotA hai| pramANasaGgraha nAmaka kRti meM akalaGka ne pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se hone vAle sambhava pratyaya ko tarka kahA hai| 133 yaha sambhava pratyaya vyAptigrAhaka jJAna hI hai,jo sAkalya se avinAbhAva sambandha kA grahaNa karatA hai| vidyAnanda ne pramANaparIkSA meM tarka kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue kahA hai "jitanA bhI koI dhUma hai vaha saba agni se utpanna hotA hai / agni ke abhAva meM dhUma kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai / isa prakAra sakala deza evaM sakala kAla kI vyApti se sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke sambandha kA jo UhApoha jJAna hotA hai vaha tarka hai / 134 tarka kA dUsarA nAma Uha bhI hai / 135 akalaGkane tatvArthasUtra kA anusaraNa karate hue isake lie cintA zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / 136 mANikyanandI ne upalambha evaM anupalambha se utpanna vyAptijJAna ko tarka kahA hai / 13 upalambha kA artha hai sAdhya ke hone para sAdhana kA honA tathA sAdhya ke nahIM hone para sAdhana kA nahIM honaa| vAdidevasarine upalambha evaM anupalambha se janya tIna kAloM kI vyApti ko jAnane vAle jJAna ko tarka kahA hai|938 upalambha zabda se yahAM pratyakSa, Agama Adi pramANoM kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| hemacandrAcArya kahate haiM ki upalambha zabda pramANamAtra kA prAhaka hai mAtra pratyakSa kA hI nahIM / 139 ____ akalaGka ke pUrva jainadarzana meM matijJAna ke bheda IhA ke lie paTkhaNDAgama meM UhA evaM tatvArthAdhigamabhASya meM UhA evaM tarka zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai,94deg kintu akalaGka ke dvArA Uha athavA tarka ko parokSa pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karane ke pazcAt IhA ke lie Uha yA UhA kA prayoga kisI bhI jaina dArzanika ne nahIM kiyA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne to ina donoM meM spaSTa bheda kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai ki Uha arthAt tarka to parokSa pramANa kA bheda hai tathA sAdhya evaM sAdhana kI traikAlika vyApti kA grahaNa karatA hai jabaki IhAjJAna vartamAna kAlika viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA hai evaM vaha pratyakSa pramANa kA bheda hai| 141 132. aSTazatI (aSTasahasrI), pR. 280 133. sambhavapratyayastarkaH prtykssaanuplmmtH|-prmaannsnggrh, 12 134. yAvAn kacidamaH sa sarvaH pAvakajanmaivApAvakajanmA vA na bhavatIti sakaladezakAlavyAptyA sAdhyasAdhanasambaddhohApohalakSaNo hi trkHprmaannyitvyH|-prmaannpriikssaa, pa44-45 135. pramANanayatattvAloka, 3.7 evaM parIkSAmukha, 3.7 136. laghIyamaya kA 49 137. upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyAptijJAnamUhaH / -parIkSAmukha, 3.7 138. upalambhAnupalambhasambhavaM trikAlIkalitasAdhyasAdhanasambandhAdhAlambanaM "idamasmin satyeva bhavati" ityAdyAkAraM saMvedanamUhAparanAmA trkH|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 3.7 139. pramANamImAMsA, vRtti 1.2.5 140. (1) IhA UhA apohA maggaNA gavasaNA miimaaNsaa|- pakhaNDAgama, 5.5. 38 (2) IhA UhA tarkaH parIkSA vicAraNA jijnyaasetynaantrm|- tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 1.1.15 141. pramANamImAMsA, vRtti 1.1.27

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320 vaidika darzana - prasthAnoM meM tarka kA svarUpa nyAyadarzana meM tarka ko SoDaza padArthoM meM sthAna diyA gayA hai, use vAda evaM nirNaya ke lie upayogI bhI mAnA gayA hai / 142 kintu use pramANa rUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| gautama ke anusAra ajJAta artha kA vAstavika jJAna karane ke lie kAraNoM kI upapatti se jo Uha kiyA jAtA hai vaha tarka hai / 143 vAtsyAyana kahate haiM ki tarka meM tattva kA avadhAraNa nahIM hotA hai, isalie vaha tattvajJAna nahIM hotA, tattvajJAna ke lie vaha upAdeya hotA hai / 144 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ekadezIya naiyAyikoM ne tarka, hetu, anumAna evaM anvIkSA ko paryAyArthaka mAnA hai, kintu udyotakara ne isakA khaNDana kiyA hai| 145 naiyAyikoM ne tarka ko anumAna, saMzaya evaM nirNaya se bhinna mAnA hai / 146 sampUrNa nyAyadarzana kA avalokana karane para usameM tarka ke do svarUpa ubhara kara Ate hai / eka prAcIna svarUpa hai jisake anusAra tarka ko saMbhAvanAtmaka pratyaya ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai 147 tathA paravartI granthoM meM use aniSTaprasaMga svarUpa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| 148 navya naiyAyika AcArya gaGgeza ne bhI use aniSTa prasaMga svarUpa hI mAnA hai / varadarAja ne tArkikarakSA meM aniSTa prasaMga kA tarka lakSaNa ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa kara usake do bheda kie haiM- prAmANika kA parityAga aura aprAmANika kA svIkAra / 149 I nyAyadarzana meM nirUpita tarka se jaina dArzanikoM kA tarka bhinna hai kyoMki nyAyadarzana meM vaha avadhAraNAtmaka yA tattvajJAnAtmaka nahIM hotA, jabaki jainadarzana meM tarka ko vyApti kA avadhAraNAtmaka jJAna mAnA gayA hai| jainadArzanikoM kA maMtavya hai, ki binA tarka ke vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA aura vyApti jJAna ke binA anumAna nahIM ho sakatA / tarka ke dvArA traikAlika vyApti kA grahaNa hotA hai / pratyakSa, bhUyodarzana Adi ke dvArA dRSTa padArthoM meM hI sAdhya sAdhana bhAva kA grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, adRSTa arthoM meM nahIM jabaki tarka dRSTa evaM adRSTa padArthoM ke AdhAra para sarvatra vyApti kA grahaNa kara sakatA hai / 142. pramANatarkasAdhanopAlambhaH --- vAdaH / - nyAyasUtra, 1.21 143. avijJAtatattve'rthe kAraNopapattitastattvajJAnArthamUhastarkaH / - nyAyasUtra 1.40 144. kathaM punarayaM tattvajJAnArtho na tattvajJAnameveti anavadhAraNAt / tattvajJAnamutpadyata ityevaM tattvajJAnArtha iti / - nyAyabhASya, 1.1.40 145. nyAyavArtika, 1.1.40 146. nyAyavArtika 1.1.40 147. yathA - (1) vimRzyamAnayordharmayorekataraM kAraNopapattyA anujAnAti saMbhavatyasmin kAraNaM pramANaM heturiti / kAraNopapattyA syAdevametat netaraditi / - nyAyabhASya, 1.1.40 (2) kAraNopapattita iti pramANopapattitaH / upapattiH saMbhava / saMbhavati etasminnarthe pramANamiti bhavedayamartha iti / - nyAyavArtika, 1.1.40 148. vAcaspatimizra kI tAtparyaTIkA meM 'tarkeNa hi prasaMgAparanAmnA' ke dvArA yaha svarUpa dikhAI detA hai jise Age bhI naiyAyikoM ne apanAyA hai / - nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA, 1.1.40 149. tArkikarakSA, meDikala haoNla, vArANasI, pR. 185

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha - vicAra I 150 vaizeSika darzana meM tarka ko nyAyadarzana kI bhAMti koI padArtha nahIM mAnA gayA tathA vaizeSikasUtra evaM prazastapAdabhASya meM tarka kI koI carcA bhI prApta nahIM hotI hai / vyomaziva kI vyomavatI meM avazya tarka kA nirUpaNa hai / unhoMne use nizcayarUpa mAnA hai / vyomaziva ke anusAra saMzaya ke pazcAt turagavihAra bhUmi meM sthANupakSa kA pratiSedha hone para yaha puruSa honA cAhie isa prakAra kI jo saMbhAvanA pratIti rUpa tarka hai vaha tadvAn meM tatprakAraka hone ke kAraNa nizcayarUpa hI hai| DaoN. gaNezIlAla suthAra ne apane eka zodha patra meM pratipAdita kiyA hai ki vyomaziva ne aniSTa prasaMga tarka kI carcA nahIM kI hai, isakA artha hai ki vyomaziva ke kAla taka nyAyadarzana meM aniSTa prasaMga ke rUpa meM tarka kI carcA pravRtta nahIM huI thI / 151 udayanAcArya ne aniSTa prasaMga svarUpa tarka ke AtmAzraya, itaretarAzraya, cakraka, anavasthA evaM pramANavAditArtha prasaMga ye pA~ca prakAra mAne haiM 152. tathA unhoMne pramANoM ke aMgabhUta tarka kI pramANa ke phala se hI phalavattA svIkAra kI hai| unhoMne bhAsarvajJa para AkSepa karate hue kahA hai ki tArkika kA abhimAna rakhate hue bhI tarka kI gaNanA nahIM karanA azvArUDha vyakti ke dvArA azva ke vismaraNa ke samAna hai / 153 sAMkhyadarzana meM IzvarakRSNa ne aSTa siddhiyoM meM Uha kI bhI gaNanA kI hai / 154 sAMkhyatattvakaumudIkAra ne usa Uha ke lie tarka zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai tathA use Agama kI avirodhI yukti se AgamArtha (zrutyartha) kA parIkSaNa karanA kahA hai| 155 vAcaspatimizra ke isa kathana se tarka kA prAmANya siddha hotA hai, kintu sAMkhyAcAryoM ne isakA kisI bhI svIkRta pramANa meM samAveza nahIM kiyA hai / saMbhavata: vaha anumAna meM hI samAviSTa ho sakatA hai| mImAMsakoM ne yukti se prayoga nirUpaNa ko tarka kahA hai| 156 tarka ko pramANa mAnakara usakA antarbhAva unhoMne anumAna yA zabda pramANa meM kiyA hai, aisA jayantabhaTTa kI nyAyamaJjarI meM mImAMsakoM kI AlocanA se jJAta hotA hai| 157 manusmRti meM 'yastarkeNAnusandhatte' vAkya meM jo tarka zabda prayukta huA hai vaha bhI anumAna pramANa kA hI bodhaka hai| 321 advaitavedAnta meM tarka zabda anumAna athavA arthApatti pramANa ke lie prayukta huA hai| kaThopaniSad meM 'naiSA tarkeNa matirApaneyA' vAkya meM tarka zabda kA prayoga eka pramANa kA hI bodha karAtA 150. vyomavatI, pR. 533 151. naiyAyikavaizeSikajainatArkikANAM tarphe vipratipattiH, Proceedings AIOC, 31st Session, Jaipur 1982, p. 584 152. nyAyavArtikatAtparyaparizuddhi, 1.1.40 153. kiraNAvalI, pR. 172 154. UhaH zabdo'dhyayanaM / -- sAMkhyakArikA, 51 155. UhaH tarkaH AgamAvirodhinyAyenAgamArthaparIkSaNam / parIkSaNaJca saMzayapUrvapakSanirAkaraNenottarapakSavyavasthApanam / - sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, 51 156. jaiminIyAstu buvate yuktyA prayoganirUpaNamUha iti / nyAyamaJjarI, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 146 157. draSTavya, nyAyamaMjarI, dvitIya bhAga pR. 147-148

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322 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hai | mAdhva sampradAya ke vyAsatIrtha ne tarka kA nirUpaNa karane hetu 'tarkatANDava' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kara tarka ko anumAna pramANa siddha kiyA hai| unhoMne navya naiyAyikoM ke mata kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki unake anusAra vyApya ke Aropa se vyApaka kA Aropa tarka hai aura vaha pramANoM kA anugrAhaka to avazya hotA hai, kintu pramANa nahIM / isa mata kA khaNDana karate hue vyAsatIrtha ne kahA hai ki tarka ko pramANa na mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM ke mata meM tarka kA upayoga saMbhava nahIM hai / ' 1 158 bauddhadarzana meM tarka kA svarUpa 1 bauddhadarzana meM takki, vimaMsI Adi zabdoM kA prayoga avazya huA hai,159 kintu tarka kI pRthak carcA nahIM milatI hai / prophesara sAtakar3i mukarjI ke zabdoM meM - We have not come across any speculation on tarka in any Buddhist work. 160 bauddha nyAya kI paramparA meM prasaMga, prasaMga sAdhana, prasaMgApAdana, prasaMgAnumAna Adi zabdoM kA avazya vyavahAra huA hai jo tarka ke hI nirUpaka haiN| vaise bauddhanyAya meM vyApti kA grahaNa karane ke lie jo upalambha evaM anupalambha ke pazcaka kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai 161 vaha jainadarzana meM pratipAdita tarkapramANa kA hI mArga prazasta karatA hai| jainoM bhI upalambha evaM anupalambha ke nimitta se utpanna hone vAle vyAptigrAhaka jJAna ko tarka kahA hai 1 bauddhoM ne isa vyAptijJAna ke lie tarka zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, kintu ve ise anumAna pramANa ke lie upayogI avazya mAnate haiN| jainoM ne ise tarka zabda dekara anumAna meM upakAraka to mAnA hI hai, kintu pRthak pramANa kI saMjJA bhI dI hai| jaina evaM bauddha mAnyatA meM yahI sUkSma bheda hai ki bauddha jisa vyAptigrAhaka jJAna (tarka) ko pRthak pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM vahAM jaina dArzanikoM ne ise prabala tarkoM kA Azraya lekara pRthak pramANa siddha kiyA hai / jainadArzanikoM dvArA bauddhoM kA khaNDana evaM tarka kA pramANa rUpa meM sthApana jaina dArzanikoM ne tarka ko jo pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai, usameM unhoMne bauddhoM kA hI khaNDana adhika kiyA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki bauddhoM ne tarka ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana to kiyA thA kintu use pramANa nahIM mAnA thA / vyApti ke lie jisa upalambhAnulambha paJcaka kA bauddhoM ne pratipAdana kiyA hai usakA bhI jainoM ne nirasana kiyA hai| akalaGka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri ke dvArA bauddhoM ke viruddha die gae tarkoM se 'tarka' kA prAmANya siddha hotA hai| yahAM para prAyaH ve hI tarka prastuta haiM jo ina dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM ke viruddha prastuta kie haiM / 158. tarkatANDava (caturthasaMpuTa), maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, 1943, pR. 140-141 159. draSTavya, prathama adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 33 160. The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal Flux, p. 396 161. draSTavya, caturtha adhyAya, vyApti-vimarza, pR. 259

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra akalaGka kI yuktiyAM I bhaTTa akalaGka prathama jaina dArzanika haiM jinhoMne tarka ko pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA / ve tarka ke pRthak prAmANya kA sthApana karate hue aneka yuktiyAM prastuta karate haiN| akalaGka kahate haiM ki tarka ke dvArA sAdhya evaM sAdhana kI vyApti kA sAkalya se jJAna kiyA jAtA hai| usake dvArA gRhIta viSaya kisI anya pramANa se grahaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / ataH tarka ko pRthak pramANa mAnanA Avazyaka hai / 162 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki anumAna pramANa tarka kI apekSA rakhatA hai, kyoMki tarka se hI avinAbhAva sambandha kA sAkalya se nirdhAraNa hotA hai; tarka ke abhAva meM anumAna pramANa nahIM ho sakatA, isalie vastu bala se tarka bhI pramANa hai / 163 bauddhoM ke dvArA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki "bhUta, bhavya evaM vartamAna samasta padArtha kSaNika haiM, sat hone se", kintu kAloM ke samasta padArthoM meM kSaNikatA kI vyApti meM na pratyakSa pramANa samartha hai aura na anumAna / koI bhI puruSa sakala padArthoM meM kahIM bhI kabhI bhI pratyakSa se vyAptijJAna nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki pratyakSa se prathama to samasta padArthoM kA sannidhi ke abhAva meM jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / yadi samasta padArthoM kA pratyakSa ho bhI jAya to bauddhamata meM usake nirvikalpaka athavA avicAraka hone ke kAraNa usase vyAptijJAna saMbhava nahIM hai| anumAna pramANa se bhI vyAptijJAna zakya nahIM hai, kyoMki liGga -liGgI kA vyApti jJAna hue binA anumAna pravRtta nahIM ho sakatA aura anumAna ke binA vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra anumAna se vyAptijJAna mAnane para anavasthA doSa AtA hai| ataH vyAptijJAna ke lie pratyakSa evaM anumAna se bhinna 'tarka' kA prAmANya aMgIkAra karanA cAhie / 16 164 vidyAnanda ke tarka vidyAnanda ne akalaGka kI yukti kA adhika prabala zabdoM meM upapAdana karate hue kahA hai ki sattva evaM kSaNikatA tathA dhUma aura agni kA sAkalya se vyAptijJAna karane meM pratyakSa pramANa samartha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki vaha sannihita arthoM ko hI viSaya karatA hai| indriya, mAnasa, svasaMvedana evaM yogI ye cAroM prakAra ke (bauddha sammata pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hone se sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke sambandha kI parIkSA nahIM kara skte| anumAna pramANa dvArA bhI sAkalya se vyAptijJAna karanA samIcIna nahIM, anyathA anavasthA doSa AtA hai| isalie pratyakSa evaM anumAna ina donoM se bhinna tarka nAmaka vyavasthApaka pramANa ko svIkRta 162. vyAptisAdhyena hetoH sphuTayati na vinA cintayaikatra dRSTiH / sAkalyenaiSa tarko'dhigataviSayaH tatkRtArthaikadeze // - laghIyastraya, 49 163. satyapyanvayavijJAne sa tarkapariniSThitaH / avinAbhAvasambandhaH sAkalyenAvadhAryate // sahadRSTaizca dharmaistatra vinA tasya saMbhavaH / iti tarkamapekSeta niyamenaiva laiGgikam // tasmAd vastubalAdeva pramANaM matipUrvakam // - nyAyavinizcaya, 329-331 164. bhUtAH bhavyAH sarve santo bhAvAH kSaNakSayAH | iti vyAptau pramANaM te na pratyakSaM na laiGgikam // siddhivinizcaya, 3.8 .323

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324 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA karanA Avazyaka hai / tarka kI pravRtti ke sambandha meM vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se utpanna hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa kI bhAMti tarka bhI svayogyatA se hI apane viSaya meM pravRtta hotA hai / 165 bauddhamata meM gRhItagrAhI hone se yadi tarka apramANa hai to vidyAnanda kahate hai ki gRhItagrAhI hone se tarka ko apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha kathaJcit apUrvArthagrAhI hai| pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se to sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke sambandha kA dezataH jJAna ho sakatA hai ,jabaki tarka ke dvArA usakA samasta rUpeNa jJAna hotA hai ata: apUrvArthagrAhI hone se tarka pramANa hai / 166 vidyAnanda ko tarka ke kathaJcit gRhItagrAhI hone para bhI usako pramANa mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / 167 saMvAdaka hone se bhI tarka jJAna pramANa hai / tarka ke dvArA jJAta sAdhya evaM sAdhana kA vyAptisambandha arthakriyA meM avisaMvAdI hotA hai168 yadi tarkajJAna avisaMvAdI na ho to anumAna-pramANa bhI avisaMvAdI nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki anumAna pramANa tarkAzrita hotA hai|69 tarka ke saMvAdakatva meM saMdeha honA ucita nahIM,kyoMki usake abhAva meM anumiti jJAna niHzaMkita nahIM ho sktaa|170 samAropa kA vyavacchedaka hone se bhI tarka kA anumAna-pramANa kI bhAMti prAmANya hai| sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke sambandha meM kisI bhI pramAtA ko kabhI samAropa ho to usakA tarka ke dvArA vyavaccheda ho jAtA hai|171 tarka ke prAmANya meM anya koI bAdhaka pramANa bhI nahIM hai / pratyakSa tarka meM bAdhaka nahIM hai kyoMki vaha usake viSaya meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai, anumAna ke samAna / jahAM pratyakSa yA anumAnapramANa tarka kA bAdhaka hotA hai vaha tarka nahIM tarkAbhAsa hotA hai, ata: usakA prAmANya iSTa nahIM hai / 172 isa prakAra vidyAnanda tarka ko sAkalya se vyAptijJAna kA grAhaka, kathaJcit agRhItagrAhI, avisaMvAdaka, evaM samAropa kA vyavacchedaka hone se pramANa mAnate haiM tathA usake prAmANya meM bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva bhI svIkAra karate haiN| 165. aSTasahasrI, pR. 280 166. gRhItagrahaNAttako'pramANamiti cetra vai| tasyApUrvArthaveditvAdupayogavizeSataH pratyakSAnupalammAbhyAM sambandho dezato gataH / sAdhyasAdhanayostAMtsAmastyeneti cintitam ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.13.93-94 167. prAmANyaM ca gRhItArthagrAhitve'pi kathaJcana ||-tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.13.95 168. pramANaparIkSA, pR. 45 / 169. tattakasyAvisaMvAdonumA saMvAdanAdapi / visaMvAde hi tarkasya jAtu tatropapadyate ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.13.90 170. tarkasaMvAdasaMdehe niHzaMkAnumitiH kva te |-tttvaarthshlokvaartik , 1.13.91 171. samAropavyavacchedAtsvArthe tarkasya maantaa| laiMgikajJAnavatraiva virodhamanudhAvati / / pravRttazca samAropaH sAdhyasAdhanayoH kvacit / sambandhe tarkato mAturvyavacchedyeta kasyacit ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.13.98-99 172. na hi tarkasya pratyakSaM bAdhakaM, tadviSaye tasyA'pravRtteH anumAnavat / yasya tu tadAdhakaM sa tarkAmAso na pramANamitISTaM ziSTaiH / - pramANaparIkSA, pR0 45

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 325 prabhAcandra dvArA sthApana tarka apramANa kyoM ? (1) gRhIta grAhI hone se (2) visaMvAdaka hone se athavA (3) pramANa ke viSaya kA parizodhaka hone se / 173 ina tIna praznoM kA saTIka uttara dekara prathAcandra ne tarka ke prAmANya kA vyavasthApana kiyA hai / yadyapi inameM gRhItagrAhitva evaM visaMvAdakatva kA khaNDana akalaGka tathA vidyAnanda ne bhI kiyA hai,tathApi prabhAcandra inakA vistRta evaM vizadarUpeNa nirasana karate haiN| tarka vyApti kA grAhaka hone se gRhItagrAhI nahIM -prabhAcandra pratipAdita karate haiM ki tarka gRhItagrAhI nahIM hai| usake viSaya kA grahaNa na pratyakSa pramANa se zakya hai aura na anumAna pramANa se / pratyakSa meM bhI na indriya pratyakSa se tarka kA grahaNa hotA hai,na mAnasa pratyakSa se aura na yogipratyakSa se / 174 indriyapratyakSa se vyApti kA jJAna saMbhava nahIM,kyoMki yaha niyata dezakAla Adi meM jisa artha se sambaddha hotA hai, usI kA prakAzaka hotA hai,vyApti kA prakAzaka nahIM hotA / vyApti to sakala deza evaM kAla meM vyApta arthoM meM sarvopasaMhAra se vyApta rahatI hai / mAnasapratyakSa se bhI vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki bAhya indriyoM se nirapekSa mana bAhyArtha meM pravRtta nahIM hotA hai / 175 vyApti bAhya padArthoM meM hotI hai| yogipratyakSa bhI avicAraka hone se vyAptijJAna nahIM karA sktaa| yadi yogipratyakSa se yogI ke vyAptijJAna kA honA svIkAra kara bhI liyA jAya to usake lie anumAna karane kA koI aucitya nahIM dikhAI detA,kyoMki yogI ko samasta sAdhya evaM sAdhanoM kA pratyakSa se spaSTa jJAna ho jAtA hai| jo padArtha pratyakSa se spaSTa rUpeNa jJAta ho jAtA hai use anumAna se jAnanA niSphala hai / yadi dUsaroM ko jJAna karAne ke lie yogI anumAna karatA hai to vaha vyApti kA grahaNa kie binA dUsaroM ko kaise samajhA sakatA hai ? vyApti kA grahaNa vaha svasaMvedana, indriya,mAnasa pratyakSa se to kara nahIM sakatA ,kyoMki vyAptijJAna inakA viSaya nahIM hai tathA yogi-pratyakSa se vyAptigrahaNa mAnane para anumAna nirarthaka ho jAtA hai / vyAptigrahaNa kiye binA parArthAnumAna karanA zakya nahIM hai / 176 pratyakSa pRSThabhAvI vikalpa ke dvArA bhI vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki vaha bhI sannihita viSayamAtra kA hI adhyavasAya karatA hai ataH viprakRSTa evaM atIta ke viSayoM kA upasaMhAra karake vyAptijJAna nahIM kara sktaa| bauddha : dhUma, agni kA kArya hai yaha pratyakSa evaM anupalambha dvArA kAryadharma kI anuvRtti se nizcita hotA hai| yadi dhUma kArya agni kAraNa ke abhAva meM bhI dekhA jAya to use agni kA hetu nahIM kahA jA sakatA / 177 dhUmahetu se hama agni sAdhya kA jJAna karate haiM athavA donoM kI vyApti nizcita karate 173. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR0 307 174. nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-2, pR0 429 175. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 431 176. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR0 311-12 evaM nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 432-33 177. tulanIya-kArya dhUmo hutabhujaH kaarydhrmaanuvRttitH| sambhavastadabhAve'pi hetumattAM vilaMghayet / / - pramANavArtika, 3.34, uddhRta, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 309

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 178 hai, kyoMki dhUma agni ke sadbhAva meM hI pAyA jAtA hai, agni ke abhAva meM nahIM / svabhAvahetu meM bhI isI prakAra bhAva mAtra kA anubandha karane vAle svabhAva meM avinAbhAva hotA hai| anubandha ke kAraNa svabhAva kA abhAva hone para svabhAvavAn padArtha kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| prabhAcandra : pratyakSa se vyApti kA jJAna hone para kevala usa pratyakSa kAla meM upalabdha vyApaka ke sAtha vyApya kI vyApti siddha ho sakatI hai, usake sadRza anya dhUmAgni Adi vyApya vyApaka kI vyApti siddha nahIM ho sakatI / yadi anya vyApya ke sAtha bhI vyApti kA grahaNa honA svIkAra kiyA jAya to usa vyApti grAhaka vikalpajJAna ko agRhItagrAhI bhI mAnanA caahie| " anumAna se bhI vyAptijJAna zakya nahIM hai, kyoMki usase anavasthA doSa AtA hai tathA usI anumAna se vyAptijJAna mAnane para anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai| 179 326 tarka visaMvAdaka nahIM - tarka viprakRSTa arthoM ko viSaya karatA hai isalie usakI saMvAdakatA nizcita nahIM hai, prabhAcandra ke anusAra aisI bauddha AzaMkA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki tarka kI saMvAdakatA meM sandeha karane para nissaMdeha anumAna kA udaya nahIM ho sktaa| tarka ke saMvAdaka hone para hI anumAna pramANa saMvAdaka ho sakatA hai / sAdhya evaM sAdhana ke avinAbhAva kA nizcaya karane meM tarka kI avisaMvAdakatA prasiddha hai / 180 pramANa-viSaya kA parizodhaka hone se tarka apramANa nahIM- pramANa ke viSaya kA parizodhaka hone se tarka pramANa nahIM hai, naiyAyikoM kA aisA mAnanA bhI ayukta hai, kyoMki pramANaviSaya kA parizodhaka apramANa nahIM hotA hai / jo pramANa nahIM hotA vaha pramANa-viSaya kA parizodhaka nahIM hotA, yathA mithyAjJAna evaM prameya padArtha / jo pramANaviSya kA parizodhaka hotA hai vaha pramANa hotA hai| tarka bhI pramANaviSaya kA parizodhaka hone se pramANa hai / 181. tarka ke prAmANya hetu anya tarka- prabhAcandra ne tarka ko pramANa siddha karane ke lie anya hetu bhI diye hai, yathA vaha anya pramANoM kA anugrAhaka hone se pramANa hai| prabhAcandra kA kathana hai ki pratyakSAdi pramANoM se jJAta eka deza ke sAdhyasAdhana sambandha kA dRDhatara nizcaya tarka pramANa dvArA hI hotA hai| anumAna ke samAna yaha sambandha anya jJAna se utpanna nahIM hotA, ataH isake lie anya jJAna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, jisase anavasthA doSa A sake / pratyakSa kI bhAMti tarka pramANa yogyatA vizeSa se hI pratiniyata artha kA vyavasthApaka hotA hai / 182 178. tulanIya-svabhAve'pyavinAbhAvo bhAvamAtrAnubandhini / tadabhAve svayaM bhAvasyAbhAvaH syAdabhedataH / pramANavArtika, 3.39, uddhRta, prameyakamalamArttaNDa, bhAga-2, pU. 309 179. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2 pR. 310 180. prameyakamalamArttaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 314 181. prameyakamalamArttaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 315 182. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 2, pR. 315-16

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 327 isa prakAra prabhAcandra ke mata meM tarka agRhItagrAhI,saMvAdaka evaM pramANa ke viSaya kA parizodhaka hone se pramANa hai / prathAcandra kahate haiM ki tarka ke abhAva meM sAkalya se vyAptijJAna nahIM ho sakatA tathA anumAna pramANa kI saMvAdakatA tarka pramANa kI saMvAdakatA para nirbhara karatI hai, isalie tarka eka pRthaka pramANa hai / tarka ko unhoMne anya pramANoM kA anupAhaka evaM apanI yogyatA vizeSa se pratiniyata artha kA vyavasthApaka hone se bhI pramANa mAnA hai| vAdidevasUri kI naI yuktiyAM vAdidevasUri ne prabhAcandra evaM unake pUrvavartI jaina dArzanikoM ke tarkoM kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI kucha navIna AzaMkAeM uThAyI haiM tathA unakA yuktiyukta nirasana kara tarka ke prAmANya kA balavat samarthana kiyA hai| savikalpaka hone se tarka apramANa nahIM- bauddhoM ke anusAra tarka vikalpamAtra hai,isalie use pramANa mAnanA yukta nahIM hai / vAdidevasUri isa bauddha mata kA nirasana karate hue bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki vikalpamAtra kA kyA artha hai ? artha ke Alambana ke binA jJAna honA vikalpamAtra hai athavA apratyakSa jJAna vikalpa mAtra hai / inameM prathama pakSa asiddha hai,kyoMki sAdhya evaM sAdhana kA sambandha tarkapramANa kA Alambana hai ataH use nirAlamba nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dvitIyapakSa meM koI hAni nahIM hai,kyoMki tarka ko parokSapramANa kA bheda hone se jaina bhI apratyakSarUpa mAnate haiM, kintu tarka ke apratyakSa hone se use apramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha evaM jaina donoM ko anumAnapramANa ke apratyakSajJAna rUpa hone para bhI usakA prAmANya iSTa hai / yadi tarka ko vikalpa mAtra kahane kA Azaya usako savikalpakajJAna svarUpa batalAnA hai to bhI anumAna ke samAna tarka kA prAmANya banA rahatA hai| samasta pramANa kathaJcit savikalpaka hote haiM, ataH savikalpakatA tarka ke aprAmANya meM nimitta nahIM hai|983 vyApti kA grAhaka hone se tarka kA prAmANya - jainamata meM tarka pramANa se sAdhya-sAdhana meM vyApti kA grahaNa mAnA gayA hai,jabaki bauddha ise pratyakSa evaM anupalambha ke paMcaka se svIkAra karate haiM / vAdidevasUri ne bauddhamata ko upasthApita kara usakA vistAra se khaNDana kiyA hai tathA tarka ko viziSTa pramANa siddha kiyA hai| bauddhoM ke anusAra tIna prakAra ke hetu mAnya haiM- (1) kArya hetu (2) svabhAva hetu evaM (3) anupalabdhi hetu / ina tInoM hetuoM meM vyApti jJAna kisa prakAra hotA hai yaha bauddha pakSa vAdidevasari ke sthAdvAdaratmAkAra se yahAM prastuta haiN| bauddha pakSa - kAryahetu meM vyApti kA jJAna pratyakSa evaM anupalambha paJcaka se hotA hai| pratyakSa evaM anupalambha paMcaka hai- (1) agni evaM dhUma se rahita dRzyamAna bhUtalAdi meM pahale dhUma kA anupalambha / (2) tadanantara agni kA upalambha (3) tadanantara dhUma kA upalambha (4) tadanantara agni kA anupalambha 183. syAdAdaralAkarapR.513

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328 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA (5) usake pazcAt dhUma kA bhI anuplmbh|84 isa prakAra pratyakSAnupalambhapaJcaka se eka vyakti meM kAryakAraNabhAva kA jJAna hotA hai ki agni kA kArya dhUma hai / jo jisakA kArya hotA hai vaha usake sAtha niyata hotA hai / yadi kArya,kAraNa ke sAtha niyata nahIM ho to kAraNa se nirapekSa hone ke kAraNa vaha yA to sadaiva rahegA yA kabhI nahIM rhegaa| svabhAva heta meM to avinAbhAva kI pratIti vipakSa meM bAdhaka anamAna se hotI hai / yathA "jo sata hai vaha kSaNika hai" isa anumAna ke vipakSa meM bAdhaka krama evaM yaugapadya haiM / jo arthakriyAkArI hotA hai vaha sattva hotA hai ,yaha sat kA lakSaNa hai / akSaNika meM arthakriyA krama evaM yugapad donoM prakAra se nahIM ho sktii| ataH kSaNika artha meM hI sattva ghaTita hotA hai| ____ anupalabdhi hetu kA svabhAva hetu meM hI antarbhAva hone se usake pRthak avinAbhAva-grAhaka pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vAdidevasUri dvArA uttara-kAryahetu meM vyApti kA jJAna pratyakSa evaM anupalambha paMcaka se mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai,kyoMki upalambha evaM anupalambha donoM prakAra ke svabhAva vAle pratyakSa kA viSaya sannihita mAtra artha hotA hai, ataH usase anya dezAdi meM sthita padArthoM kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki (bauddhamata meM) pratyakSa nirvikalpa hone se avicAraka hotA hai ata: vaha "jitanA bhI koI dhUma,hai cAhe vaha dezAntara meM ho yA kAlAntara meM agni se utpanna hotA hai, anya kisI se nahIM" isa prakAra kA vyApAra karane meM asamartha hotA hai, ataH usase vyApti kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi pratyakSa puraHsannihita arthoM meM vyApti kA jJAna karake sarvopasaMhAra se anyatra bhI vyApti kA jJAna karAtA hai,aisA mAnate haiM to bhI asamIcIna hai,kyoMki apane aviSayabhUta arthoM meM pratyakSa kA sarvopasaMhAra nahIM ho sktaa| pratyakSa kA pRSThabhAvI vikalpa bhI pratyakSa ke dvArA gRhIta artha kA hI adhyavasAya karatA hai ata: usake dvArA bhI sarvopasaMhAra se vyApti grahaNa nahIM kI jA sakatI aura sAdhya ke sAtha anizcita pratibandha vAlA hetu dezAntara meM sAdhya kA jJAna nahIM karA sakatA hai / 185 vAdidevasUri ne bhI prabhAcandra Adi kI bhAMti tarka ko pratyakSa se adhikayAhI kiMvA agRhItagrAhI mAnA hai / ve pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se kAryahetu ke vyAptijJAna kA khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita karate hai ki tarka dvArA hI kAryahetu meM vyAptigrahaNa saMbhava hai ,anyathA nhiiN| svabhAva hetu meM avinAbhAva kI pratIti vipakSa meM bAdhaka anumAna se hotI hai, yaha bauddha mantavya bhI vAdidevasUri ke anusAra khaNDita hotA hai,kyoMki vipakSa meM bAdhaka anumAna bhI prasiddha avinAbhAva ke hone para hI apane sAdhya kI siddhi kara sakatA hai,usake abhAva meM nahIM / usakA avinAbhAva anya 184. dhUmAdhIrvanivijJAnaM dhuumjnyaanmdhiistyoH|| pratyakSAnupalambhAdhyAmiti paMcabhiranvayaH / / uddhRta, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 514 185.syAdAdaratnAkara,10514

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra anumAna se siddha hotA hai to anavasthA doSa AtA hai tathA usI anumAna se avinAbhAva kI siddhi mAnane para anyonyAzraya doSa kI Apatti AtI hai|86 ataH avinAbhAva arthAt vyApti kI siddhi meM na pratyakSa pramANa samartha hai aura na anumAna pramANa / mAtra tarkapramANa hI vyApti kI siddhi karane meM samartha hai|187 anupalabdhi hetu ke vyAptigrahaNa kA khaNDana svabhAva hetu ke vyApti-grahaNa khaNDana se hI ho jAtA hai ,kyoMki bauddhoM ke anusAra anupalabdhi hetu kA antarbhAva svabhAva hetu meM ho jAtA hai|| ... syAdvAdaralAkara kA avalokana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki vAdidevasUri ne bhI tarka ko akalaGka, vidyAnanda,evaM prabhAcandra kI bhAMti avisaMvAdaka,kathaJcit agRhItagrAhI,evaM samAropa kA vyavacchedaka svIkAra kiyA hai / 188 tathA usake vikalpamAtratva kA khaNDana kara use sAkalya se vyAptijJAna kA grAhaka svIkAra kara pRthak pramANarUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| hemacandra sUri kA mata hemacandrasUri ne bhI pUrvavartI jainAcAryoM ke anusAra bauddhamata kA khaNDana kara tarka kA prAmANya siddha kiyA hai| vyAptiprahaNa ke lie unhoMne pratyakSa evaM anumAna ko asamartha pratipAdita kiyA hai / unakA kathana hai ki 'jitanA bhI koI dezAntara evaM kAlAntara meM dhUma hai vaha agni kA kArya hai| anya artha kA nahIM' itanA vyApAra pratyakSa pramANa nahIM kara sakatA,kyoMki vaha bauddhamata meM sannihita viSaya ke bala se utpanna hotA hai tathA usameM (nirvikalpaka hone se) vicAra karane kI kSamatA bhI nahIM hotii| anumAna se bhI vyApti kA grahaNa saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki vyApti ke grahaNa kAla meM pramAtA yogI kI bhAMti ho jAtA hai, kintu anumAna meM aisA sAmarthya nahIM hai / kadAcit itanA sAmarthya anumAna meM svIkAra kara liyA jAya to prakRta anumAna vyAptiprAhaka hotA hai yA anya anumAna ? prakRta anumAna se vyAptigrahaNa mAnane para to itaretarAzraya doSa AegA, kyoMki vyAptigrahaNa se anumAna hogA tathA anumAna ke hone para vyAptigrahaNa hogA / yadi anumAnAntara se vyAptigrahaNa kiyA jAtA hai to anavasthA doSa AtA hai.kyoMki vaha bhI vyApti ko grahaNa karake hI pravRtta hogA evaM anya anumAna se usakI vyApti kA grahaNa mAnA jAya to sahasrayugoM meM bhI vyApti kA grahaNa honA saMbhava nahIM hai / 289 isI prakAra pratyakSa pRSThabhAvI vikalpa se bhI ve vyApti kA grahaNa nahIM mAnate,kyoMki bauddhamata meM vaha vikalpa pratyakSa dvArA gRhIta viSaya kA hI grahaNa karatA hai / yadi vikalpa kA viSaya pratyakSa se bhinna hai to hemacandra kahate haiM vaha vikalpa pramANa hai yA apramANa? yadi vikalpa pramANa hai to use pratyakSa 186.syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0515|| 187. tatpratyakSaM nAvinAmAvasiddhau dhatte prauDhiM laiGgikI nApi buddhiH / ekastarkastatra sAmarthyamudrAM niSpatyUhAM hanta tasmAdvibharti 11-syAdvAdaratnAkara, zlo. 482, pR0515 188.syAdAdaratnAkara, pR0515-16 189. pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.5 kI vRtti, pR. 36-37

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA evaM anumAna se bhinna (tarka) pramANa mAnanA caahie| yadi vaha apramANa hai to usase vyAptigrahaNa mAnanA SaNDha se saMtAna kI kAmanA karane jaisA hai| isase 'anupalambhAt kAraNavyApakAnupalambhAcca kAryakAraNavyApyavyApakabhAvAvagamaH' bauddha paMkti kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / 190 330 hemacandrasUri ne vaizeSikoM evaM naiyAyikoM (yogoM) ke dvArA svIkRta vyAptigrahaNopAya kA bhI nirdeza kara unakA nirasana kiyA hai| hemacandra ne kahA hai ki vaizeSika pratyakSapramANa ke phalarUpa UhApoha vikalpa jJAna se vyApti kA jJAna mAnate haiM 191 kintu pratyakSa kA phala pratyakSa evaM anumAna hI ho to unase sArvatrika evaM traikAlika vyApti nahIM bana sakatI / yadi usakA phala ina donoM se bhinna hai to tRtIya pramANa (tarka) mAnanA par3egA unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai ki nyAya dArzanika (yoga) tarkasahita pratyakSa se vyApti kA grahaNa mAnate haiM,192 kintu tarkasahakRta pratyakSa se vyApti kA grahaNa mAnane kI apekSA tarka se hI vyApti kA grahaNa mAnane meM tarka kA yaza surakSita rahatA hai| yadi tarka pramANa nahIM hai, isalie pratyakSa se vyApti kA prahaNa mAnA gayA hai to hemacandra kahate haiM tarka pramANa kyoM nahIM hai ? usameM bhI anya pramANoM kI bhAMti avyabhicAra hai, vyApti usakA viSaya hai, ata: vaha nirviSaya bhI nahIM hai / isalie pramANAntara se agRhIta vyApti kA grAhaka hone se tarka ko pramANa mAnanA caahie|' 193 samIkSaNa 1 navyanyAyadArzanikoM ne vyApti kA grahaNa sAmAnyalakSaNa nAmaka alaukika sannikarSa se mAnA hai| prAcIna naiyAyika mAnasa-pratyakSa, indriyArthasannikarSa athavA tarkasahakRta pratyakSa se vyAptijJAna mAnate rahe haiM / bauddhoM ne pratyakSa evaM anupalambha ke pazcaka se vyAptigrahaNa svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu jaina dArzanika vyApti grAhaka ke rUpa meM tarka ko svIkAra karate haiN| smRti evaM pratyabhijJAna kI bhAMti tarka 1 unake mata meM pramANa hai| tarka pramANa kA phala anumAna hai| 'tarka' dvArA vyAptijJAna svIkAra karane se dRSTa evaM adRSTa samasta sAdhya va sAdhana meM vyApti kA grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai jo bhUyodarzana yA pratyakSAnupalambha se saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie "tarka" dvArA vyAptijJAna svIkAra karanA jaina dArzanika cintana kI gahanatA ko spaSTa karatA hai, tathA isakA pRthak pramANa ke rUpa meM sthApana bhAratIya nyAya ko unakI anUThI dena hai / Agama-pramANa bhAratIya darzana meM nyAya, mImAMsA, vedAnta, sAMkhya evaM jaina sampradAya zabda athavA Agama ko pRthak pramANa mAnate haiM / cArvAkamata meM anumAna kI bhAMti Agama kA bhI prAmANya iSTa nahIM hai| bauddha 190. pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.5 kI vRtti, pR0 37 191. vaizeSikAstu pratyakSaphalenohApohavikalpajJAnena vyAptipratipattirityAhuH / - pramANamImAMsA, pR. 37 192. yaugAstu tarkasahitAt pratyakSAdeva vyAptigraha ityAhuH / - pramANamImAMsA, pR. 37 193. pramANamImAMsA, pR0 37

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra evaM vaizeSika do aise darzana haiM jinameM zabda kA prAmANya aMgIkAra karate hue bhI use pRthak pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM rakhakara anumAnapramANa meM samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai| bauddhoM ne zabda se vaktA kI vivakSA kA anumAna svIkAra kiyA hai / ve zabda se artha kA jJAna anyApoha ke dvArA svIkAra karate haiM / ataH zabda pramANa kI carcA ke anantara apoha para vicAra kiyA jaaegaa| bauddhadarzana meM zabda kA anumAna-pramANa meM antarbhAva zabda yA Agama-pramANa ko bauddha dArzanika anumAna se bhinna pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM / ve isakA anumAna -pramANa meM hI antarbhAva kara lete haiM / 194 vaizeSikoM ne zabda kA anumAna pramANa meM antarbhAva samAna vidhi ke kAraNa kiyA hai / 195 jisa prakAra liGgadarzana se vyApti smaraNa hotA hai evaM phira anumeya artha kA jJAna hotA hai usI prakAra zabda se saMketasmaraNa dvArA vAcya artha kA jJAna hotA hai, isalie zabda pramANa anumAna se bhinna pramANa nahIM hai / bauddha kahate haiM ki zabda kA vAcya vastu ke sAtha na tAdAtmyalakSaNa pratibaMdha hai aura na tadutpatti lakSaNa pratibaMdha / 96 zabda ke sAtha artha kA koI vAstavika sambandha nahIM hai, isalie zabda dvArA artha kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki zabdoM kA bAhya artha ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai| isalie zabda se artha kA jJAna nahIM hotA / zabda to vaktA ke abhiprAya ke sUcaka hote haiM / 197 vaktA ke abhiprAya kA avisaMvAdI jJAna hone se zabda kA prAmANya svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai,anyathA zabda ke sAtha artha kA koI nibandhana nahIM hai| 198 vaktA ke abhiprAya arthAt vivakSA kA zabdoM ke dvArA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / zAntarakSita ne isakA spaSTa pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai ki samasta vacanoM se vivakSA kA hI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / 199 pratyakSa evaM anupalambha se zabda-hetu ke dvArA vivakSA hI nizcita kI jAtI hai| zabda se vivakSA kA anvaya-vyatireka rahatA hai / kamalazIla kahate haiM ki zabdoM se yadi kisI zrotA ko vaktA kI vivakSA kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai to isameM zabda-liGga kA doSa nahIM hai, yaha to pramAtA para nirbhara karatA hai ki vaha zabda-liGga dvArA vaktA kI vivakSA kA anumAna karatA hai yA nhiiN|200 zAntarakSita ne zabda ko kArya hetu tathA vivakSA ko sAdhya banAkara usameM trairUpya hetulakSaNa ko 194. na pramANAntaraM zabdamanumAnAt tathA hi sH|-dingnaag, uddhata tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, pR0 539 195. zabdAdInAmapyanumAne'ntarmAvaH samAnavidhitvAt |-prshstpaad bhASya, anumAnaprakaraNa, pR0 173 196. na hi vAcyairvastubhiH saha kazcit tAdAtmyalakSaNaH tadutpattilakSaNo vA pratibaMdho vacasAmasti |-tttvsNgrhpnyjikaa, 1512, pR0538 197. nAntarIyakatA bhAvAcchabdAnAM vstbhissh| nArthasiddhistataste hi vktrbhipraaysuuckaaH|-prmaannvaartik, 3.213-214 198. zAbde'pyabhiprAyanivedanAt / prAmANyaM tatra zabdasya nArthatattvanibandhanam / - pramANavArtika, 1.3-4 199. vacopyo nikhilebhyo'pi vivkssessaanumiiyte| pratyakSAnapalammAbhyAM tadahetaHsA hinidhitaa| -tattvasaGgraha 1514 200. ye punastAsu liGgabhUtAsu gISu vizeSaM nAvadhArayanti, teSAmayaM doSaH na tu linggsy|-tttvsnggrhpbjikaa,1517, pR0

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA bhI siddha kiyA hai / puruSa athavA pradeza vizeSa meM zabda kA rahanA pakSadharmatva tathA tatsadRza saMtAna meM rahanA sapakSasattva evaM vivakSAvihInapuruSAdi meM zabda kA na rahanA vipakSAsattva hai| isa prakAra zabda hetu rUpya lakSaNa ghaTita kiyA gayA hai| 201 332 202 AptapuruSa ke vacanoM ko bhI bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ne avisaMvAda sAmAnya ke kAraNa anumAna pramANa hI mAnA hai| diGnAga, dharmakIrti Adi bauddha dArzanikoM ke anusAra zabda pauruSeya hai / unhoMne mImAMsakoM dvArA pratipAdita veda ke nityatva evaM apauruSeyatva kA apane graMthoM meM vistRta evaM prabala khaNDana kiyA hai / bauddha kahate haiM ki zabdoM dvArA vivakSA kA anumAna saMketa kI apekSA se hotA hai| zabda bAhyArtha meM saMketita nahIM hote haiM, tathA asaMketita artha kA zabda dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isalie zabda kA saMketa grahaNa puruSAzrita hotA hai| 203 saMketa dvArA hI zabda vivakSA kA anumAna karAne meM samartha hote haiM / isalie zabdajJAna meM saMketabheda ke kAraNa bheda dekhA jAtA hai| 204 saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to bauddha mata meM zabda bAhyArtha ke abhidhAyaka nahIM hote haiM, kyoMki unakA bAhyArtha ke sAtha tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti rUpa pratibandha nahIM hotA hai / ve anyApoha dvArA vaktA ke abhiprAya kA anumAna mAtra karAte haiM / I jainadarzana meM Agama pramANa jainadArzanika zabda athavA Agama ko anumAna se pRthak pramANa mAnate haiN| Agama-pramANakA jaina darzana meM kyA svarUpa rahA hai isa para vicAra apekSita hai| jaina darzana meM AptapuruSa ke vacanAdi se AvirbhUta arthajJAna ko AgamapramANa kahA gayA hai| 205 upacAra se AptapuruSa ke vacanoM ko bhI Agama mAnA gayA hai| 206 kyoMki una vacanoM se hI arthajJAna prakaTa hotA hai / Apta puruSa ko paribhASita karate hue vAdidevasUri ne kahA hai ki jo abhidheya vastu ko yathAvasthita rUpa se jAnatA ho tathA jaisA jAnatA ho vaisA kahatA ho vaha Apta hai| 207 Apta puruSa kA vacana avisaMvAdI hotA hai| 208 usameM dhokhA yA vaMcanA nahIM hotI / 201. vivakSAyAM ca gamyAyAM vispaSTeva trirUpatA / puMsi dharmiNi sA sAdhyA kAryeNa vacasA yataH // - tattvasaGgraha, 1520 202. AptavAdAvisaMvAdasAmAnyAdanumAnatA / - pramANavArtika, 3.217 203. arthajJApanaheturhi saMketaH puruSAzrayaH / - pramANavArtika, 3.227 204. zabdapratipattibhedastu saMketa bhedAt / - pramANavArtika (svavRtti), pR0 21.8 205. AptavacanAdAvirbhUtamarthasaMvedanamAgamaH / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 4.1 206. upacArAdAptavacanaM ca / pramANanayatattvAloka, 4.2 207. abhidheyaM vastu yathAvasthitaM yo jAnIte, yathAjJAnaM cAbhidhatte sa AptaH / - pramANanayattattvAloka, 4.4 208. tasya hi vacanamavisaMvAdi bhavati / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 4.5

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 333 AptapuruSa do prakAra ke hote haiM - laukika evaM lokottara / 209 pitA, mAtA, gurujana Adi laukika Apta ho sakate haiM tathA tIrthaMkara athavA kevalajJAnI puruSa lokottara Apta kahe gaye haiM / 210 tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prarUpita vANI ko jainadarzana meM 'Agama' kahA gayA hai| ye Agama jainadarzana meM pramANa rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| laukika vyavahAra meM jisa puruSa kA vacana avisaMvAdI hotA hai, use bhI pramANa mAnane meM jaina dArzanikoM ko Apatti nahIM hai| bauddha Adi anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI bhAMti jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI mImAMsAsammata veda ke apauruSeyatva evaM Agamatva kA khaNDana kiyA hai| nyAyadarzana meM pratipAdita zabda pramANa ke svarUpa se jaina dArzanikoM kA virodha nahIM hai, kyoMki nyAyadarzana meM AptapuruSa ke upadeza ko zabda pramANa mAnA gayA hai| 211 | 213 'Agama' zabda ke sthAna para akalaGka ke graMthoM meM 'zruta' zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| ve zrutajJAna ko avisaMvAdI hone se pramANa mAnate haiM / 212 jaina darzana meM mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryava evaM kevala ina pAMca jJAnoM kA varNana huA hai| akalaGka ne matijJAna ko indriya pratyakSa, smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM anumAna pramANoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, avadhi, manaH paryava evaM kevala jJAna ko atIndriya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| zrutajJAna kA bhI prAmANya pratipAdana Avazyaka thA / zrutajJAna ko ve zabdAtmaka samyagjJAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki unhoMne zrutajJAna ke tIna bheda kiye haiM- 1 pratyakSanimittaka, 2 . anumAnanimittaka evaM 3 Agamanimittaka / zrutajJAna kI utpatti pratyakSa,anumAna athavA Agama meM kisI se bhI ho sakatI hai| ve mati, saMjJA, cintA, abhinibodha Adi jJAnoM ko zabda kA saMyojana hone para zrutajJAna mAnate haiM / 214 isase pratIta hotA hai ki akalaGka dvArA prayukta 'zrutajJAna' zabda zabdayukta jJAna ke lie prayukta huA hai, jisameM Agama-pramANa bhI samAviSTa hai| naya, saptabhaGgI evaM syAdvAda bhI zrutajJAna ke hI phalita haiN| pramANa ke dvArA jAne gae viSaya ke eka aMza ko naya ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai| pramANa sakalAdeza evaM naya vikalAdeza hotA hai| nayavAkya kA kathana saptabhaGgI evaM syAt ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne zabda ko artha kA vAcaka svIkAra kiyA hai| ve zabda meM artha kA vAcaka hone kI sahaja yogyatA mAnate haiM tathA zabdoM ko arthajJAna karAne meM saMketaka mAnate haiM / ' 215 zabda apane saMketa artha ke hI prakAzaka hote haiN| eka zabda se samasta arthoM kA jJAna nahIM hotA / bhinna-bhinna 209. sa ca dvedhA - laukiko lokottarazca / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 4.6 210. laukiko janakAdiH, lokottarastu tIrthaMkarAdiH / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 4.7 211. AptopadezaH zabdaH / - nyAyasUtra, 1.1.7 212. pramANaM zrutamartheSu / - laghIyastraya, 26 213. (1) tridhA zrutamaviplavam / - pramANasaMgraha, 1.2 (2) zrutam aviplavam pratyakSAnumAnAgamanimittam / - pramANasaMgraha, vRtti, 1.2 214. jJAnamAdyaM matiH saMjJA cintA vAbhinibodhikam / prAGnAmayojanAccheSaM zrutaM zabdAnuyojanAt / - laghIyastraya, 10 215. sahajayogyatAsaMketavazAddhi zabdAdayo vastupratipattihetavaH / - parIkSAmukha, 3.96

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334 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA zabdoM dvArA bhinna-bhinna arthoM athavA padArthoM kA bodha hotA hai| zabda evaM artha (padArtha) meM svAbhAvika vAcaka- vAcya sambandha hotA hai, arthAt zabda apanI yogyatA athavA svabhAva se hI artha ke vAcaka hote haiN| kutracit arthAbhAva meM zabda upalabdha hone se sarvatra unameM vyabhicAra nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne jisa artha ko zabda kA vAcya mAnA hai vaha mAtra svalakSaNa yA sAmAnyalakSaNa nahIM, apitu sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai bauddha mAnyatA kA khaNDana jainadArzanikoM ne Agama athavA zabda ko anumAna se pRthak pramANa mAnA hai tathA bauddha dArzanikoM dvArA usakA anumAna meM antarbhAva karane kA khaNDana kiyA hai| yahAM para akalaGka prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri dvArA kiyA gayA khaNDana prastuta hai / akalaGka kI yuktiyAM akalaGka zrutajJAna athavA Agama kA anumAna se pRthak prAmANya sthApita kiyA hai tathA bauddhamata kA sabala khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki 'vivakSA' se anyatra bhI zabda kA prAmANya hai| bAhya dvIpa, deza, nadI, parvata, Adi kA bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita svabhAva hetu evaM kAryahetu se jJAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki unameM kabhI ina hetuoM kA pratyakSa nahIM huA hai tathApi dezAntara meM sthita ina dvIpa, nadI, parvata Adi kA avisaMvAdI jJAna prasiddha hai / 216 yaha avisaMvAdI jJAna zrutajJAna athavA zabda ke pramANa mAnane para hI siddha ho sakatA hai| yadi kahIM bAhya artha ke abhAva meM bhI zabda kA prayoga hone se sabhI zabdoM ko vyabhicArI kahA jAtA hai to upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki isa prakAra to pratyakSa evaM anumAna meM bhI kutracit vyabhicAra yA visaMvAda pAyA jAtA hai| 217 bauddhadarzana meM jisa prakAra abhrAnta yA avyabhicArI vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiye binA indriya pratyakSa ko pramANa nahIM kahA jAtA hai, isI prakAra avisaMvAdI athavA avyabhicArI zrutajJAna ko pramANa kahane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? 218 kutracit vyabhicAra pAye jAne se samasta zabdoM ke prAmANya para avizvAsa karanA ucita nahIM hai / tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti rUpa pratibandha ke abhAva meM bhI jisa prakAra kRttikA nakSatra ke udaya se zakaTa nakSatra ke udaya kA avyabhicarita anumAna kara liyA jAtA hai usI prakAra artha evaM zabda meM 216. pramANaM zrutamartheSu siddhaM dvIpAntarAdiSu / anAzvAsaM na kurvIran kvacit tadvyabhicArataH // laghIyastraya, 26 zrutajJAnaM vaktrabhiprAyAdarthAntare'pi pramANam / kathamanyathAdvIpadezanadIparvatAdikamadRSTasvabhAvakAyaM digvibhAgena dezAntarasthaM pratipattumarhati nirArekamavisaMvAdaM ca / - laghIyastrayavRtti kA. 26, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR. 9 217. prAyaH zrutervisaMvAdAt pratibandhamapazyatAm / sarvatra cedanAzvAsa so'kSaliGgadhiyAM samaH // laghIyastraya, 27 218 na hi indriyajJAnam abhrAntamavyabhicArIti vA vizeSaNamantareNa pramANam atiprasaMgAt / tathAvizeSaNe zrutajJAne ko'paritoSa: ? - laghIyastrayavRtti, 27, akalaGkagranthatraya, pR. 9

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti pratibandha ke adRSTa hone para bhI zabda se artha kA avisaMvAdI jJAna hotA hai, isalie zabda athavA zrutajJAna ko pramANa mAnanA cAhie / 219 yadi kvacit vyabhicAra hone se samasta zabdoM kA artha ke sAtha aprAmANya mAnA jAtA hai to aisA vyabhicAra to vaktA ke abhiprAya arthAt 'vivakSA' kA anumAna karane meM bhI saMbhava hai, vaktA kA abhiprAya bhinna hone para bhI vaha na cAhate hue bhI bhinna zabdoM kA uccAraNa kara sakatA hai, ataH zabdoM se vaktA ke abhiprAya kA anumAna karanA bhI doSayukta hone se apramANa siddha hogA / 220 yadi hetuvAdarUpa zabda ke dvArA artha kA nizcaya na ho to sAdhana aura sAdhanAbhAsa kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sktii| isI prakAra Apta ke vacana ke dvArA bAhyArtha kA nizcaya na ho to Apta aura anApta kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM ho sakatI / 221. sugata evaM taditara kapila Adi meM Apta evaM anApta kI vyavasthA ke lie svayaM bauddhoM ne sAdhanAGga evaM asAdhanAGga kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jo zabda ke prAmANya ko puSTa karatA hai / yadi puruSa ke abhiprAyoM meM vicitratA hone ke kAraNa zabda artha kA vyabhicArI ho sakatA hai, athavA tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti pratibandha ke asiddha hone se sarvatra zabda ke prAmANya meM vizvAsa nahIM hotA hai to akalaGkadeva kahate haiM ki tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti ke binA bhI parokSa artha kA avisaMvAdI jJAna hotA hai / " yaha vRkSa hai, ziMzapA hone se" tathA "yahAM agni hai, dhUma hone se " ina anumAnavAkyoM meM svabhAva evaM kAryahetu sarvathA avyabhicarita nahIM hai, kyoMki zizapA kahIM latA bhI ho sakatI hai, tathA agni kahIM maNi Adi se bhI utpanna ho sakatI hai| taba " dhUma agni se hI utpanna hotA hai, anya padArtha se nahIM" yaha niyama kaise bana sakatA hai| jisa prakAra kArya evaM svabhAvahetu kA prAmANya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai usI prakAra zabda kA apane artha ko avisaMvAdakarUpa se prakAzita karane ke kAraNa prAmANya mAnanA cAhie / 222 335 akalaGka bauddha maMtavya kA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi zabda vivakSAmAtra ke vAcaka mAne jAte haiM to unameM satyatva evaM mithyAtva kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki donoM hI prakAra ke (satya evaM mithyA) zabda apanI apanI vivakSA kA anumAna karAte haiN| 223. zabda meM 'satya evaM asatya kI 219. yathA kRttikAde: zakaTAdijJAnaM svabhAvapratibandhamantareNa tathaivAdRSTapratibandhArthAbhidhAnaM jJAnamavisaMvAdakam / - laghI yastrayavRtti, 27, akalaGkayanthatraya, pR. 9 220. (1) kvacid vyabhicAre sAkalyenA'nAzvAse vaktrabhiprAye'pi vAcaH kathamanAzvAso na syAt tatrApi vyabhicArasambha vAt / tathAnicchata: zrutikalpanAduSTAde: uccAraNAt / laghIyastrayavRtti 27, akalaGkayanyatraya, pR. 9 (2) draSTavya, laghIyastraya, 64-65 221. AptokterhetuvAdAcca bahirarthAvinizcaye / satyetaravyavasthA kA sAdhanetaratA kuta: // - laghIyastraya, 28 222. laghIyasvayavRtti, 29, akalaGkAM dhatraya, pR. 10 223. (1) vAkyAnAmavizeSeNa vaktrabhipretavAcinAm / satyAnRtavyavasthA syAttattvamithyAdarzanAt // - siddhivinizcaya, 9.28 (2) vaktrabhiprAyAdbhinnasyArthasya vAcakAH zabdAH satyAnRtavyavasthAnyathAnupapatteH / laghIyastrayavRtti, 64, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR. 22.14

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336 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vyavasthA arthaprApti evaM aprApti para nirbhara karatI hai vivakSA para nahIM / bauddha svalakSaNa meM saMketa grahaNa nahIM mAnate haiM / 224 * akalaGka ne jaina matAnusAra nirUpaNa karate hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha meM hI zabdoM dvArA saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai mAtra sAmAnya evaM svalakSaNa arthoM meM nhiiN| kyoMki kevala sAmAnya meM yadi saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAya to vizeSa vyaktiyoM meM pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| kevala mAtra vizeSa meM bhI saMketa grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki ananta vizeSa hamAre jJAna ke viSaya nahIM banate haiN| padArthoM meM rahe hue sadRza dharmoM kI apekSA se zabda kA artha meM saMketa hotA hai| 225 jisa zabda vyakti meM arthavyakti kA saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha bhale hI vyavahAra kAla taka na rahe para tat sadRza dUsare zabda se tat sadRza dUsare artha kA bodha hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| eka ghaTa zabda kA eka ghaTa artha meM saMketa grahaNa karane ke pazcAt tatsadRza yAvat ghaTa zabdoM kI ghaTa arthoM meM pravRtti hotI hai| saMketa grahaNa karane ke pazcAt zabdArtha kA smaraNa kara vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai, ataH zabda ko artha kA saMketagrAhI mAnakara pramANa mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ke tarka prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri dvArA Agama kA pRthak prAmANya sthApita karate hue bauddha mata kA khaNDana karane hetu jo tarka diye gaye haiM unameM vizeSa antara nahIM hai / ina dArzanikoM kA maMtavya hai ki zabda kA anumAna pramANa meM antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki zabda evaM anumAna - pramANa ke viSaya bhinna-bhinna haiM / zabda kA viSaya arthamAtra hai jabaki anumAna pramANa kA viSaya sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI hai / zabda evaM anumAna pramANa kI sAmagrI bhI bhinna hai| anumAna meM pakSadharmatvAdi trirUpatA saMbhava hai jabaki vaha zabda meM saMbhava nahIM hai| zabda meM pakSadharmatA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM dharmI kA abhAva hai / yadi zabda hI dharmI hai to hetu kyA hogA ? zabda ko hI hetu evaM dharmI mAnane para pratijJAtArthaikadezatva doSa kA prasaMga AtA hai| zabda evaM artha meM anvaya evaM vyatireka bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa deza meM zabda rahatA hai vahAM artha nahIM hotaa| zabda to mukha meM upalabdha hotA hai jabaki artha bhUmi para / vyavahArI puruSa bhI jahAM jahAM piNDakhajUra zabda ko sunatA hai vahAM vahAM piNDakhajUra artha ke astitva nahIM mAnatA hai, jabaki anumAna meM jahAM dhUma hotA hai vahAM agni avazya hotI hai| zabda evaM artha meM anvaya-sambandha nahIM hai to vyatireka bhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki anvayapUrvaka hI vyatireka hotA hai / yadi jo zabda jisa artha meM dekhA jAtA hai, vaha usakA vAcaka hotA hai tathA jisa artha meM nahIM dekhA jAtA hai vaha usakA vAcaka nahIM hotA isa prakAra kA anvayavyatireka mAnate haiM to vaha jainoM ko bhI abhISTa hai / kintu isa prakAra kA anvayavyatireka hone se zabda ko anumAna meM samAviSTa nahIM kiyA 224. zabdAH saMketitaM prAhurvyavahArAya sa smRtaH / tadA svalakSaNe nAsti saMketastena tatra na ||-prmaannvaartik, 3.92 225. samAnapariNAmArthe saMketAcchabdavRttita: |-prmaannsNgrh, 64

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 337 jA sakatA,kyoMki isa prakAra kA anvayavyatireka to pratyakSa-pramANa meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / jahAM ghaTa hotA hai vahAM usakA pratyakSa hotA hai tathA jahAM ghaTa nahIM hotA vahAM usakA pratyakSa bhI nahIM hotaa|226 zabda meM artha ko prakAzita karane kI yogyatA hotI hai,ata:zabda pramANa hai / usakA anumAna meM antarbhAva karanA ucita nahIM hai ,kyoMki vaha anumiti kriyA ke binA bhI artha kA prakAzana karatA hai / bauddha jisa prakAra arthAbhAva meM zabda ke vidyamAna hone se artha ke sAtha zabda kA vyabhicAra mAnate haiM usI prakAra vivakSA ke sAtha bhI zabda kA vyabhicAra dekhA jAtA hai| kisI ko pukArate samaya gotra skhalana Adi hone para vivakSA se anya zabdoM kA prayoga dikhAI detA hai ataH vivakSA ke sAtha bhI zabdoM kA vyabhicAra hai / yadi suvivecita kArya jisa prakAra kAraNa ke sAtha vyabhicarita nahIM hotA hai 227 usI prakAra vicAra pUrvaka prayukta zabdoM kA vivakSA ke sAtha vyabhicAra nahIM pAyA jAtA hai to yaha niyama to saMketa Adi se yukta zabda dvArA bAhyArtha ke vAcya hone meM bhI lAgU hotA hai / isIlie bhalI prakAra soca samajhakaraprayukta kiye gaye zabdoM kA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka bAhyArtha ke sAtha vyabhicAra dikhAI nahIM detA hai| zabda kA anumeya vivakSA ko yA vivakSA meM adhirUDha artha ko mAnanA ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki usase bAhyArtha kI pratipatti,usameM pravRtti evaM prApti nahIM hotI hai / jisa prakAra pratyakSa jJAna se pratipattA ko artha kI pratipatti hotI hai usI prakAra saMketasApekSa zabdoM se artha kI pratipatti hotI hai| prabhAcandra bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki vivakSA kise kahate haiM ? zabda ke uccAraNa karane kI icchA mAtra vivakSA hai,athavA isa zabda se yaha artha kahUMgA' isa prakAra abhiprAya vivakSA hai ? prathamapakSa meM to vaktA evaM zrotA kI zAstrAdi meM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI,kyoMki koI bhI sajaga vaktA aura zrotA zabdoccAraNa kI icchA mAtra ke lie zAstra yA vAkyAntara kA praNayana yA zravaNa karane ke lie pravRtta nahIM hotA hai| phira to 'dazadADima' Adi nirarthaka vAkyoM evaM anya sArthaka vAkyoM meM koI bheda hI nahIM raha jaayegaa| yadi isa zabda se yaha artha kahUMgA' isa abhiprAya ko vivakSA kahate haiM tathA zabdoM dvArA vivakSA kA anumAna hotA hai to yaha mAnyatA bhI ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki zukasArikA evaM unmattAdi puruSoM ke zabda vivakSA kA kathana nahIM karate haiM / 228 sArAMza yaha hai ki bauddha dArzanika jahAM zabda ke dvArA mAtra vaktA kI vivakSA kA anumAna honA svIkAra karate haiM vahAM jaina dArzanika zabda ke sAtha artha kA saMketa sambandha svIkAra karate hue zabda yA Agama ko pRthaka pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiN| jaina dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki jo zabda avisaMvAdaka rUpa se artha kA kathana karate haiM ve pramANa haiM / vivakSA se anyatra bhI zabda kA prAmANya hai tathA vivakSA bhI zabda se vyabhicarita ho sakatI hai, isalie vivakSA ke kAraNa zabda kA anumAnapramANa 226. nyAyakumudacandra pR. 532-535 evaM syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.620-622 227. tulanIya, suvivecitaM liGgana vyabhicarati |-tttvsnggrhpnyjikaa, pR. 526 228. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR. 574-77

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338 meM antarbhAva karanA ucita nahIM hai| bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA apoha - vicAra bauddha darzana meM zabda se artha kA vAcya anyApoha hai / ataH aba anyApoha athavA apoha para vicAra apekSita hai| bauddhadarzana meM apoha 229 .230 kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki zabda bAhyArtha ko prakAzita nahIM kara sakate / bAhya artha svalakSaNarUpa hotA hai jo kSaNika evaM niraMza hotA hai ataH zabda svalakSaNa meM saMketagrAhI nahIM hotA hai| diGnAga ne spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA hai ki zabda vikalpa se utpanna hote haiM tathA vikalpa zabda se utpanna hote haiM, ve donoM paraspara kAryakAraNa rUpa meM sambaddha haiM tathA zabda svalakSaNa artha kA sparza karane meM bhI samartha nahIM haiM / zabda evaM artha donoM eka dUsare se bhinna haiM tathA unakA paraspara na tAdAtmyalakSaNa sambandha hai aura na tadutpattilakSaNa sambandha / zabda ko zrotra se sunA jAtA hai jabaki artha ko cakSu Adi se dekhA jAtA hai / isalie inameM tAdAtmyalakSaNa sambandha nahIM hai / 231 artha se zabda utpanna nahIM hotA hai, arthAbhAva meM bhI zabda dekhA jAtA hai isalie inameM tadutpattilakSaNa sambandha bhI nahIM hai| 232 'dAha' zabda ko sunane para jalane kA anubhava nahIM hotA, 33 isase siddha hotA hai ki zabda se artha kA koI sambandha nahIM hai / zabda ke dvArA sAmAnya yA jAti ko bhI viSaya nahIM kiyA jAtA, kyoMki yaha bauddha mata meM asat hai / bauddhoM ne svalakSaNa se bhinna eka sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya kI kalpanA avazya kI hai, kintu vaha naiyAyikoM ke sAmAnya se bhinna hai / vaha sAmAnyalakSaNa artha hI anyApoha ke rUpa meM zabda kA viSaya banatA hai / anyApoha kA saMkSipta nAma apoha hai / anyApoha kA artha hai atadvyAvRtti / 'gau' zabda gobhinna (ago) kI vyAvRtti (niSedha) karake apanA artha (abhiprAya) prakaTa karatA hai / 234 arthAt jo vaisA (tat) nahIM hai usakI vyAvRtti karanA anyApoha hai / 'anyApoha' ke siddhAnta kA sarvaprathama praNayana dinAga ne kiyA thA / 235 pramANasamuccaya kA paMcama pariccheda apoha se hI sambaddha hai, kintu Aja vaha saMskRta 229. tatra svalakSaNaM tAvanna zabde : pratipAdyate / tattvasaGgraha, 871 230. vikalpayonaya: zabdA: vikalpA : zabdayonayaH / kAryakAraNatA teSAM nArtha zabdA: spRzantyapi // diGnAga, uddhRta Buddhist Logic, Vol. 2, p. 405, F.N. 1 231. zrotrendriyeNa zabdo gRhyate, arthastu cakSurAdinA / - tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, 1512, pR. 538 232. nApi tadutpattilakSaNasambandhaH, vyabhicArAt / - tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, 1512, pR. 539 233. anyathaivAgnisambandhAd dAhaM dagdho'bhimanyate / anyathA dAhazabdena dAhAdyarthaH pratIyate // vAkyapadIya, kANDa- 2 zloka 418 / yaha zloka bauddhamata kI puSTi meM anekatra uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| 134. svArthamanyApohena bhASate / pramANasamuccaya 5.1, uddhRta, tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, 529 235. (i) Buddhist Logic, Vol. 2, p. 404 (ii) The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal flux, p.131 (iii) The Differentiation Theory of Meaning in Indian Logic, p.25

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha - vicAra meM anupalabdha hai / prAyaH apoha kA svarUpa niSedhAtmaka athavA abhAvAtmaka hotA hai, kyoMki isameM atad kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai / atad kA niSedha karane para bhI vaha apohya, AdhAra, vAsanA Adi bhedoM se aneka prakAra kA hotA hai| .236 zAntarakSita ke tattvasaGgraha meM sAmAnya rUpa se apoha ke do bheda pratipAdita haiM- paryudAsa evaM prasajya / paryudAsa apoha bhI do prakAra kA hai buddhyAtmA evaM arthAtmA / 237 inameM buddhyAtmA paryudAsa pramukha apoha hai, jo buddhi meM arthapratibimba ke rUpa meM rahatA hai| 238 jisa prakAra pratyakSa jJAna meM arthAkAratA hotI hai usI prakAra buddhyAtmA apoha meM artha pratibimba banatA hai / ' arthAtmA' paryudAsa apoha 'svalakSaNa' artharUpa hai jo anya arthoM se usakI vyAvRtti kA bodha karAtA hai / prasajya nAmaka apoha bhAva kA abhAva rUpa meM jJAna karAtA hai yathA 'go' kA artha hai 'ago' kA pratiSedha / ,239 0 240 ina prakAra ke apohoM meM mukhya rUpa se buddhyAtmA apoha ko hI zabdoM ke dvArA pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai| zabda ke dvArA buddhi meM artha pratibimba utpanna hotA hai jo vikalpAntara arthoM kA apoha karatA hai / zabda se utpanna hone ke kAraNa apoha rUpa arthapratibimba vAcya hotA hai tathA zabda vAcaka hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM zabda kAraNa hotA hai tathA arthapratibimba kArya hotA hai / 241 sAkSAt zabda se janya hone ke kAraNa pratibimbalakSaNa apoha mukhya zabdArtha hai / ' anya donoM apoha gauNa rUpa se zabdArtha haiN| kamalazIla kahate haiM ki arthapratibimba rUpa meM jo bauddhadarzana meM apoha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai vaha bhI eka vizeSa prakAra kA niSedha mAtra hai use bhAvAtmaka nahIM jAnanA cAhie / 243 arthapratibimba 242 236. tatra kecid bauddhA: parihAramAhu: - na khalvapohyabhedAda, AdhArabhedAd vA apohAnAM bhedaH, vAsanAbhedAd bheda: sadrUpatA cApohAnAM bhaviSyati / - tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, 959, pR. 376 237. tathAhi dvividho'pohaH paryudAsaniSedhata: / dvividha: paryudAso'pi buddhayAtmArthAtmabhedataH // - tattvasaGgraha, 1003 339 234. When a word is spoken, it is the thought image of an object which is directly evoked in our mind, and therefore that is the principal meaning of a word.-D.N., Shastri, Critique of Indian Realism, p. 358 239. yajjJAne bhAtyarthapratibimbakam / - tattvasaMgraha, 1005 240. prasajyapratiSedhazca gauragaurna bhavatyayam / ativispaSTa evAyamanyApoho'vagamyate // -- tattvasaMgraha, 1009 . tatrAyaM prathama : zabdairapoha : pratipAdyate / 241. bAhyArthAdhyavasAyinyA buddhe: zabdAt samudbhavAt // tadrUpapratibimbasya dhiyaH zabdAcca janmani / vAcyavAcaka bhAvo'yaM jAto hetuphalAtmaka: ||-tttvsnggrh, 1010-11 242. evaM tAvat pratibimbalakSaNo' pohaH sAkSAcchabdairupajanyamAnatvAt mukhyaH zabdArtha iti / - tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA, 1012, pU. 393 783. But one should not forget that according to the Buddhist, even the thought-image is not positive, but is only a kind of special negation (paryudasa ). Critique of Indian Realism, p. 359

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ke rUpa meM zAntarakSita ne use bhAvAtmaka bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| jinendrabuddhi ne apohavAda ke poSaNa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai ki hama atad kA niSedha kiye binA tad ko nahIM jAna sakate / bhAvAtmaka rUpa meM bhI hama 'go' ko jAnanA cAheM to gau se bhinna azvAdi kI vyAvRtti karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / 244 bauddha dArzanika ratnakIrti (10 vIM zatI) kA mata hai ki apoha ke dvArA zabda kA kevala vidhi rUpa artha abhipreta nahIM hai aura na kevala anyavyAvRtta rUpa artha abhipreta hai, apitu anyavyAvRtti viziSTa vidhi artha abhipreta hai / 245 340 zabda ke atirikta liGga (hetu) dvArA bhI apoha kA hI pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai, aisA diGnAga kA nirdeza hai / 246 dharmakIrti ne spaSTa pratipAdana kiyA hai ki zabda evaM vikalpa kA viSaya vastu nahIM ho sakatA / usakA viSaya sAmAnyarUpa meM anyApoha hotA hai / 2" I * 247 .248 bauddha dArzanika vastuvAdI dArzanikoM dvArA pratipAdita jAti, jAtivAda Adi kA khaNDana kara 'apoha' kI sthApanA karate haiM, tathApi jAti kI kucha vizeSatAeM apoha meM bhI A gayI hai, yathA-ekatva, nityatva, pratyeka, parisamApti Adi / 'vibhinna dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM se DI. ena. zAstrI pratipAdita karate haiM ki 'jAti' kI kalpanA bhAvAtmaka hai tathA 'apoha' kI kalpanA abhAvAtmaka athavA niSedhAtmaka, kintu donoM ke dvArA anuvRtti evaM vyAvRtti pratIti hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / 249 bauddha darzana ke apohavAda kA khaNDana nyAya, mImAMsA, vaizeSika Adi samasta vastuvAdI darzanoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| kumArila, vAcaspatimizra, jayanta evaM zrIdhara ke graMthoM meM 'apoha' siddhAnta kA vistRta khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| 250 sarvAdhika carcA kumArila bhaTTa ke zlokavArtika meM milatI hai| 251 jainadarzana meM apohavAda kA nirasana jainadarzana meM apohavAda kA khaNDana yUM to akalaGka, haribhadra, vidyAnanda, abhayadeva, prabhAcandra 244. draSTavya, jinendrabuddhi kI pramANasamuccayaTIkA ke aMza kA anuvAda, Buddhist Logic, Vol. 1, p. 461 245. nAsmAbhirapohazabdena vidhireva kevalo 'bhipretaH nApyanyavyAvRttimAtram / kintvanyApohaviziSTo vidhi : zabdAnAmarthaH / -ratnakIrtinibandhAvali, pR. 54 246. apoha : zabdaliGgAbhyAM pratipAdyate / pramANavArtika (manorathanandivRtti), pR. 299 para uddhRta 247. tenAnyApohaviSayA: proktA: sAmAnyagocarA: / zabdAzca buddhayazcaiva vastunyeSAmasambhavAt / - pramANavArtika, 3.1.34-35 248. AcArya diGnAgenoktam- "sarvatrAbhedAdAzrayasyAnucchedAt kRtsnArthaparisamAptezca yathAkramaM jAtidharmA ekatvapratyekaparisamAptilakSaNA apoha evAvatiSThante / tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, pR. 389 249. Critique of Indian Realism, p. 368 250. draSTavya, (1) mImAMsAzlokavArtika, apohavAdapariccheda (2) nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA, kalakattA saMskRta sIrIja, pR. 683-86 (3) nyAyamaJjarI, banArasa, 1936 pR. 279 (4) nyAyakandalI, pR. 756-765 251. (1) The refutation given by Kumarila is the longest and perhaps the most intricate, D.N. Shastri, Critique of Indian Realism, p. 363.4 (2) draSTavya, The Buddhist Philosophy as presented in Mimamsa slokavartika, Chapter VII.

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 341 Adi dArzanikoM ke graMthoM meM milatA hai, kintu vyavasthita khaNDana prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri ke graMthoM meM prApta hotA hai| yahAM para akalaGka, vidyAnanda, abhayadeva, prabhAcandra evaM vAdidevasUri kRta khaNDana prastuta hai| akalaGkadvArA nirasana ____ bhaTTa akalaGka ne bauddha sammata anyApoha ko pUrva pakSa meM rakhakara usakA vidhivat khaNDana kiyA hai| pUrvapakSa (bauddhamata) -zabda svalakSaNa meM saMketa grahaNa nahIM karate haiM,kyoMki svalakSaNa meM zabdoM dvArA saMketa grahaNa karanA niSphala rahatA hai / niSphala isalie rahatA hai,kyoMki jisa svalakSaNa meM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha svalakSaNa punaH indriyagocara nahIM hotA, ataH saMketa grahaNa karanA sArthaka nahIM raha paataa| zabda svayaM bhI svalakSaNa saMketa grahaNa karane meM azakta haiM ,kyoMki zabda evaM svalakSaNa artha bhinna-bhinna indriyoM se gRhIta hote haiM,ataH inameM saMketagrahaNa honA saMbhava nahIM hai 252 sAmAnya meM bhI saMketa gRhIta nahIM ho sakatA,kyoMki sAmAnya indriya se dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai evaM vaha avasturUpa hai ataH arthakriyA meM samartha nahIM hai / 253 zabda asaMketita artha ko bhI nahIM kahate haiM / 254 isalie zabda saMketa anyApoha viSayaka hotA hai / anyApohaviSayaka zabdajJAna dvArA puruSa dRzya svalakSaNa evaM vikalpya zabdajJAnAkAra ko ekIbhUta karake pramavaza vyavahAra meM pravRtta hotA hai / 255 uttarapakSa- eka ora bauddha svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa meM zabda dvArA saMketa grahaNa karane kA pratiSedha karate hai to dUsarI ora zabda dvArA asaMketita artha ko kahane kA bhI niSedha karate haiM |256jb zabda asaMketita artha ko nahIM kaha sakatA tathA svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa saMketa bhI grahaNa nahIM karatA to bauddhoM ke dvArA diye gaye sAre hetu saMketAbhAva meM anaikAntika siddha hote hai / 257 yadi svalakSaNa arthoM ke asAdhAraNa svabhAva meM saMketa grahaNa karanA saMbhava nahIM hai to usI prakAra svalakSaNa artha ke asAdhAraNa rUpa kA pratyakSa karanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki jo asAdhAraNa svalakSaNa-kSaNa pratyakSajJAna kA kAraNa banatA hai vaha kAlabheda ke kAraNa dRSTi kA viSaya nahIM banatA.pUrva 252. aphalatvAdazaktezca na saMketyeran svalakSaNe |-siddhivinishcy,9.22 253. sAmAnye'pi sutarAM na saMketa : tasya dRSTAvapratibhAsanAt sato'pyakriyA'sAmarthyAt |-siddhivinishcyvRtti, pR. 633.7 254. vAco'saMketitaM vAhu |-siddhivinishcy 9.22 255. tadapohaviSaya:saMketa : tadviSayaM zabdajJAnaM vipramavazAt dRzyavikalpyAvekIkRtya puruSa vyavahAre niyukte |-siddhi vinimaya vRtti,9.22,pR.633.8 256. tulanIya na cAgRhItasaMketo gamyate'nya iva dhvane: |-tttvsnggrh, 873 257. siddhivinizcaya, 9.22

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342 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA svalakSaNa-kSaNa kA sadRza anya svalakSaNa-kSaNa hI dRSTa hotA hai / 258 arthakriyA meM samartha hone se saMketa ko niSphala nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vyavahArakAla meM zabda saMketa se pratyakSa,smRti,pratyabhijJAna,tarka,Adi kA avisaMvAdI jJAna dekhA jAtA hai / 259 apoha khapuSpa ke samAna nIrUpa hai, ata: apoha meM zabda saMketa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / 26deg zabda saMketa to sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha meM hotA hai / zabda ko yadi bauddha saMketAbhAsa ke kAraNa nirarthaka evaM apramANa mAnate haiM to yaha ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki taba to unheM pratyakSa evaM anumAna ko bhI nirarthaka mAnanA hogaa| svalakSaNa artha ko pratyakSa evaM anumAna kA kAraNa mAnane para vyavahAra kAla meM vaha svalakSaNa kSaNa vidyamAna nahIM rahatA,ataH akSaNikatA kI Apatti AtI hai / vikalpa se kalpita dRzya evaM prApya kA ekatva avastu hai ataH usase arthakriyA siddha karanA ucita nahIM ThaharatA hai| ____ akalaGka pratipAdita karate haiM ki artha evaM zabda meM svataHkathaJcit vAcyavAcaka sambandha hai / yadi vAcya-vAcaka sambandha na hotA to "isane kyA kahA hai " isa prakAra kI vAcyavizeSa zaMkA nahIM hotI / 261 bauddha dArzanika mAnate haiM ki buddhi se apoha yukta arthoM meM sAmAnya kI pratipatti hotI hai tathA atadhetuphala kA apoha hotA hai,kintu bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki vaisI pratipatti hotI huI nahIM dekhI gayI hai| para vidhirUpa meM hI sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha kA bodha hotA hai / eka artha meM saMketa grahaNa karake tatsamAna pariNAmI dravyoM meM saMketa kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| zabda ke dvArA vastubhUta sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai na ki kAlpanika apoha kA / akalaGka ne jainadarzanAnusAra pratipAdita kiyA hai ki kisI eka vastu meM saMketa grahaNa karake tatsadRza anya vastuoM meM bhI usakA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai,263 yathA eka ghaTa vastu meM 'ghaTa' zabda kA saMketa grahaNa kara tatsadRza anya ghaToM meM bhI 'ghaTa' zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai,samasta ghaToM meM 258.azakyasamayaM rUpaM yathArthAnAmanyabhAka / azakyadarzanaM rUpaM tathArthAnAmananyabhAk -siri nizcaya, 9.23 yathA artharUpaM tathaiva draSTumazakyaM kAraNasyApi dRSTeviyatvAt kalabhedAt tatsamAnAkAradarzanAt / -siddhivinizcayavRtti (TIkA sahita), 9.23, pR. 635 259. draSTavya, siddhivinizcayaTIkA, pR. 638 / 260.(1) na punAvRttau nIrUpatvAt khapuSpavat |-siddhivinishcyvRtti, pR. 638.2. (2) kumArila bhaTTa ne bhI apoha ko nIrUpAkhya, avastu, abhAva Adi zabdoM se dyotita kiyA hai / draSTavya, zlokavArtika, apohavAdapariccheda, zloka 15,45,91,163 Adi 261. vAcyavAcakasambandha : svata:zaMkA'nyathA katham asaMketitAnantavAcyabhede'pi girAM zrutau ||-siddhivinishcy, 9.30 262. sAmAnyaM cedapohinAM buyA sandaryate yathA / atadetuphalApoha:na tathA pratipattita: / - nyAyavinizcaya, 194-195 263. tatraikamabhisandhAya samAnapariNAmiSu // samaya: tatAkAreSu pravarteteti sAdhyate / nyAyavinizcaya , 198-199

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 343 pRthak pRthak rUpa se ghaTa' zabda kA saMketa prahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / pratyeka vastu sadRzAsadRzAtmaka hotI hai,vaha tajjAtIya dravyoM ke sadRza tathA vijAtIya dravyoM se visadRza hotI hai, yathA 'ghaTa' vastu tatsadRza ghaToM ke sadRza tathA paTaAdi se visadRza hotI hai| usakI anya vastuoM se sadRzatA sAmAnya hai tathA visadRzatA vizeSa hai / sAmAnya,vizeSa se pRthak vastu meM nahIM rahatA tathA isI prakAra vizeSa bhI sAmAnya se pRthak vastu meM nahIM hotA,donoM kI pratIti eka hI vastu meM hotI hai| hameM jo bhI jJAna hotA hai vaha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vastu kA hI jJAna hotA hai| isalie sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vastu meM hI saMketa grahaNa hotA hai / 264 vidyAnanda dvArA nirAkaraNa vidyAnanda apohavAda kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi gau' zabda gobhinna kI vyAvRtti karatA hai to isakA artha hai ki vaha gotva sAmAnya kA hI vidhAna karatA hai| isalie 'gau' zabda ko anyApoha kA viSaya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / 265 yadi 'gau' zabda agonivRtti ko bhI anyanivRtti' ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karatA hai to 'gau' zabda kA koI abhidheya nahIM ho sakegA evaM anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| vidyAnanda ke kathana kA tAtparya hai ki 'go' zabda ke dvArA jisa prakAra agonivRtti' kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai,kyA usI prakAra agonivRtti' kA anagonivRtti ke rUpa meM abhidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| yadi yaha krama jArI rahatA hai to anavasthA doSa A jAtA hai / yadi yaha krama baMda ho jAtA hai to kisI zabda kA vidhyartha avazya mAnanA hogA / 266 vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki zabda ko bAhyArtha kA vAcaka nahIM mAnakara vivakSA kA pratipAdaka mAnA jAtA hai to "samasta zabda anyApoha kA kathana karate haiM, bauddhoM kA yaha kathana khaNDita ho jAtA hai / 267 __ zabda kA viSaya anyApoha mAnane para zabda se janasAdhAraNa kI artha meM pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| zabda kisI anya kArya meM pravRtta karane ke lie kahe jAyeM tathA pravRtti kisI anya kArya meM ho sakatI hai|268 264. tatsamAnAsamAneSu tatAvRttinivRttaye / saMkSepeNa kvacit kazcicchabdaH saMketamaznute ||-nyaayvinishcy, 214 265.(1) yadi gaurityayaM zabdo vidhtte'nynivrtnm|| vidadhIta tadA gotvaM tnnaanyaapohgocrH|- tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.5.42 (2) aisA hI khaNDana kamArila bhaTTadvArA kiyA gayA haiagonivRtti : sAmAnya vAcyaM yai : parikalpitam / gotvaM vastveva tairuktamagopohagirA sphuTam / / zlokavArtika, apohavAdapariccheda, 1 266. agonivRttimapyanyanivRttimukhato yadi / gozabda : kathayenUnamanavasthA prasajyate ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.5.43 267. vakturicchAM vidhatte'sau bahira na jAtucit / zabdo'nyApohakRtsarva : yasya vAdhyavijRmbhitam ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.5.44 268. anyApohe pratIte ca kathamadhe pravartanam / zabdAtmidhyejjanasyAsya sarvathAtiprasaMgata : ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.5.45

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344 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA abhayadevasUri kA yogadAna siddhasena ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne apohavAda kA nyAya,mImAMsA,vyAkaraNa Adi vibhinna dRSTiyoM se paryApta AloDana-viloDana kiyA hai tathA usakA vikAsa-krama se upasthApana kara jainadRSTi se parIkSaNa kiyA hai / zabdArtha-sambandha ke viSaya meM jitanA cintana abhayadevasUri ne kiyA hai,saMbhavataH utanA kisI bhI anya jaina dArzanika ne nhiiN| sanmatitarkaTIkA kA dvitIya-bhAga pUrNarUpeNa zabdArtha-mImAMsA se sambaddha hai,269 jo pRthak rUpa se zodha-prabandha kA viSaya bana sakatA hai| ____abhayadevasUrine prakaTa kiyA hai ki mImAMsA-dArzanikakumArila bhaTTa ne apohavAda kA jo khaNDana kiyA hai vaha apoha ko 'niSedhamAtra' mAnakara hI kiyA hai, kintu apoha niSedha-mAtra nahIM hai, kyoMki zAntarakSita ne kumArila kA khaNDana karate hue use artha-pratibimba rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| artha-pratibimba ko niSedhamAtra nahIM kahA jA sktaa|27deg zabdoM ko sunane para buddhi meM artha kA pratibimba banatA hai jo anya artha-pratibimboM kA apoha karane ke kAraNa zabda kA vAcya yA kArya kahA jAtA hai / 271 paryudAsa evaM prasajya do prakAra ke apohoM meM yaha buddhyAtma nAmaka paryudAsa hI zabda kA mukhyArtha kahA gayA hai,anya apoha gauNa hai / abhayadevasUri kahate haiM ki bauddha mata meM zabda kA vAcyArtha ke sAtha jo vAcyavAcaka bhAva yA kAryakAraNa bhAva hai vaha sAMvRtika hai,pAramArthika nahIM / isI prakAra sAmAnyalakSaNa apoha meM saMketa grahaNa karanA bhI sAMvRtika hai, pAramArthika nahIM hai / 272 kyoMki paramArthataH bAhyArtha kA zabda se kathana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| __ artha do 'pakAra kA hotA hai- bAhya evaM buddhyArUDha / bAhya artha kA zabda ke sAtha pAramArthika rUpa se koI sambandha nahIM hai / ataH bAhyaartha kA paramArthataH zabda dvArA abhidhAna zakya nahIM hai| kevala bAhyArtha ke adhyavasAyI vikalpa ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa upacAra se zabda ko artha kA vAcaka kahA jAtA hai / 273 buddhyArUDha artha (bauddhArtha) kA hI zabda ke dvArA mukhyataH kathana kiyA jAtA hai / 274 agonivRtti ke rUpa meM jo gAya kA abhidhAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha usakA azvAdi se anyatva pratipAdana karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| paramArthataH gau AtmagatarUpa hai / 275 zAntarakSita Adi ke anusAra zabdoM kA paramArthataHvidhirUpa meM koI vAcya artha nahIM hai,kintu sAMvRta rUpa meM zabdArtha vidhirUpa 269. draSTavya, tattvabodhavidhAyinITIkA, pR. 169-270 270. tulanIya-niSedhamAtra naiveha zAbde jJAne'vabhAsate / - tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA, pR. 393 271. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 203.12 272.(1) tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.212 (2) na vAcyaM vAcakaM cAsti paramArthena kizana / - tattvasaMgraha, 1089 273.dividho dhartha : bAyo buyArUDhazca / tatra bAhyasya na paramArthato'bhidhAnaM zabda:,kevalaM tadadhyavasAyivikalpotpA danAdupacArAduktam zabdo'rthAnAha" iti |-tttvbodhvidhaayinii, pR. 213 274, yastu budyArUDho'rthastasya mukhyata eva zabdarabhidhAnam / tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 213.6 275. agonivRttiyoM gaurabhidhIyate so'zvAdibhyo yadanyatvaM tatsvabhAvaiva naanyaa|-tttvbodhvidhaayinii, pR.213.20

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 345 hai / 276 kumArila bhaTTa ne apohavAda kA nirasana evaM sAmAnya kA sthApana karate hue kahA hai ki zAbaleya vyakti kA jJAna hone mAtra se bAhuleya Adi meM "gau" pratipatti nahIM ho sakatI,isalie "gotva" nAmaka sAmAnya mAnanA hogA,kyoMki usI se bAhuleya Adi ko bhI hama "gau" rUpa meM jAnate haiN| unhoMne bauddha pratipAdita agonivRtti' meM 'gau' zabda ko zAbaleya bAhuleya Adi vibhinna gAyoM meM sAmAnya gotva' kA pratipAdaka mAnA hai anyathA zAbaleya meM saMketa grahaNa karane para agonivRtti' zabda ke prayoga dvArA bAhuleya Adi gAyoM kI bhI nivRtti hone lgegii| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddhoM ne agonivRtti ke rUpa meM jo 'gau' zabda kA vAcya mAnA haiM vaha 'gotva' sAmAnya se bhinna nahIM hai / 277 abhayadevasUri ne kumArila,bauddha evaM vyaktivAdI (vaizeSika) dArzanikoM ke mata kA khaNDana karate hue zabda kA vAcya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha ko siddha kiyA hai / 278 ve kahate haiM ki gotva sAmAnya zAbaleya,bAhuleyAdi vyaktiyoM ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai tathA zAbaleya,bAhuleya Adi meM bhI koI na koI samAnadharma pAye jAne ke kAraNa unameM gotva kI pratipatti hotI hai| prabhAcandra kA cintana jaina dArzanika prabhAcandra ne bhI anyApoha ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhakara usakA vidhirUpeNa nirasana kiyA haiN| unhoMne anyApoha ke nirasana meM mImAMsA dArzanika kumArila bhaTTa ke zlokavArtika kA yatratatra Alambana liyA hai| pUrvapakSa (bauddhamata)-jo zabda,artha ke sadbhAva meM dikhAI dete haiM,ve artha ke abhAva meM bhI dikhAI dete haiN| ataH zabdoM kI vidhipUrvaka abhidhAyakatA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| unake dvArA to mAtra anyApoha kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai- "zabda evaM liGga ke dvArA apoha kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai,vidhipUrvaka vastu kA nhiiN|279 ___ zabda kA viSaya na svalakSaNa hai aura na sAmAnya / svalakSaNa meM zabda saMketa grahaNa nahIM kara pAte, kyoMki svalakSaNa vyavahAra-kAla meM nahIM rhtaa|28deg svalakSaNa artha kA zabda ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai,kyoMki zabda ke pratibhAsita hone para artha pratibhAsita nahIM hotA / dAha' zabda ko sunane para 276. tattvatastu na kiMcid vAcyamasti zabdAnAmiti vidhirUpastAttviko niSidhyate, tena sAMvRtasya vidhirUpasya zabdArthasye 276. tattvatastunAbodhavidhAyinI, pR. 2. kalpitam / pohapariccheda, 1 277.(1) agonivRtti : sAmAnyaM vAcyaM yai : parikalpitam / / gotvaM vastveva tairuktamagopohagirA sphuTam |-shlokvaartik, apohapariccheda, 1 (2) na zAbaleyavijJAnamagovyAvRttibandhanam / - zlokavArtika, apohapariccheda5 278. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 237-265 279. apoha: zabdaliGgAmyAM na vastu vidhinocyate |-dingnaag, udata, nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 551 280 tulanIya tatra svalakSaNaM tAvanna zandai: pratipAdyate / saMketavyavahArAptakAlavyAptiviyogataH ||-tttvsnggrh,871

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346 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jalane kA anubhava nahIM hotA, ataH svalakSaNa ko zabda kA viSaya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| svalakSaNa yadi zabda kA viSaya hotA to zabda ke pratibhAsita hone para svalakSaNa artha bhI pratibhAsita hotaa| sAmAnya ko bhI zabda kA viSaya nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki sAmAnya kA honA hI asaMbhava hai| yadi sAmAnya kI sattA mAnI jAya to nitya svabhAva sAmAnya dvArA krama se evaM yugapad arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI,isalie zabda kA viSaya artha nahIM anyApoha hai| ___ apoha kA artha niSedha hai / vaha do prakAra kA hai - paryudAsa evaM prasajya / paryudAsa bhI do prakAra kA hai buddhyAtmA aura arthAtmA / zabda inameM mukhyataH prathama prakAra ke apoha (buddhyAtmA) kA vAcaka hotA hai / 281 zabda evaM apoha kA vAcakavAcyabhAva kAryakAraNabhAva rUpa hai| zabda se buddhi meM pratibimba utpanna hotA hai aura vaha zabda kA vAcya hotA hai / 282 uttarapakSa (prabhAcandra) - zabda evaM liGga kA viSaya apoha ko mAnanA ucita nahIM kyoMki vaha kisI pramANa se siddha nahIM hai / jo kisI pramANa se siddha na ho use viSaya banAnA upapanna nahIM hai| apoha kI siddhi na pratyakSa pramANa se hotI hai aura na anumAna pramANa se / pratyakSa se 'apoha' siddha nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa hai / anumAna se bhI vaha siddha nahIM hai,kyoMki apoha kI siddhi meM koI avinAbhAvI liGganahIM hai / apoha arthAt anyavyAvRtti ke sAtha tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti sambandha ghaTita nahIM hotA hai ataH bauddha mata se bhI usameM avinAbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / anyApoha nIrUpa hai,ataH usake sAtha kisI kA tAdAtmya evaM tadutpatti sambandha ghaTita nahIM hotaa|283 ___yadi 'go' zabda ke dvArA mukhyataH ago' zabda kI nivRtti kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai to 'go' zabda sunane ke pazcAt zrotA ko pahale 'agau' kI pratipatti honI cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai| 'gau' zabda se 'gau' kA hI pratibhAsa hotA hai, agau' kA nhiiN| isI prakAra gavaya,hastI, vRkSa ityAdi zabdoM se vidhirUpa jJAna hotA hai,niSedharUpa nahIM / 284 jisa prakAra svalakSaNAdi meM saMketa saMbhava nahIM hone se zabdArthatA ghaTita nahIM ho pAtI,usI prakAra 'apoha' meM bhI saMketa kA abhAva hone se zabdArthatA ghaTita nahIM hotI / 285 'isa zabda kA yaha artha hai', isa prakAra nizcaya karane vAlA jJAtA hI saMketa kA prayoga karatA hai / jabaki apoha kA kisI ke dvArA indriyAdi se nizcaya nahIM hotA hai,kyoMki apoha' avasturUpa hai,jabaki indriyoM kA viSaya vasturUpa hotA hai / ataH indriya pratyakSa dvArA apoha kA nizcaya karanA azakya hai / anumAnapramANa dvArA bhI apoha kA nizcaya nahIM kiyAjA sakatA,kyoMki sAmAnya ko vastubhUta svIkAra kiye binA anumAna 281. buddhyAtmA paryudAsa ke vivaraNa hetu draSTavya, pR. 339 282. nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 551-557 283. nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 557558 284. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR.536-537 285. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR.543

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smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha - vicAra pramANa kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI / zabda kA artha 'anyApoha' svIkAra karane para itaretarAzraya doSa bhI AtA hai| 286 kyoMki isameM ago kA vyavaccheda karane para hI 'gau' kI pratipatti ho sakatI hai tathA 'ago' kA jJAna 'gau' kA niSedhAtmaka rUpa hai, ataH 'gau' kA jJAna hue binA usakA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 287 dUsare zabdoM meM 'naJ' dvArA jisa 'gau' kA pratiSedha kiyA jAtA hai usakA svarUpa jAne binA 'agau' se nivRtti nahIM kI jA sakatI / saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to 'gau' kA jJAna hue binA gobhinna padArthoM se 'gau' kI nivRtti nahIM kI jA sakatI, ataH apoha kI kalpanA doSapUrNa hai, evaM gozabda se hone vAlA 'agovyAvRtti' rUpa apohajJAna anyonyAzraya yukta hai / 288 yadi 'agau' zabda ke dvArA jisa 'gau' kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai vaha vidhirUpa hai to 'samasta zabdoM kA artha apoha hai' yaha bauddha siddhAnta khaNDita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki unake dvArA zabda kA vidhirUpa artha bhI svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai / 290 dinAga kahate haiM ki nIlotpala Adi zabda arthAntara kI nivRttirUpa viziSTa arthoM kA kathana karate haiM289 kintu diDnAga kA kathana ayukta hai, kyoMki jisakA jisake sAtha vAstava sambandha siddha hai vahI usake sAtha viziSTa kahA jA sakatA hai| nIla evaM utpala kramazaH anIla evaM anutpala ke vyavacchedaka hone se abhAva rUpa haiM, nIrUpa haiM, ataH inameM AdhAra evaM Adheya sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / saMyoga, samavAya, ekArthasamavAya Adi sambandha bhI anIla evaM anutpala Adi kI vyAvRtti rUpa nIrUpa padArthoM meM saMbhava nahIM hai| nIla evaM utpala meM vAstavika sambandha nahIM hone se inameM utpala ko nIlaviziSTa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki gau, azvAdi kI buddhi se apoha kA adhyavasAya nahIM hotA, vastu kA adhyavasAya hotA hai, aura ajJAta apoha kisI kA vizeSaNa nahIM ho sktaa| yadi apoha kA jJAna honA svIkAra kiyA bhI jAya to bhI apohakAra jJAna kA sadbhAva dekhA nahIM jAtA hai, ataH taba bhI apoha jJAna kisI kA vizeSaNa nahIM bana sakatA / 291 yadi zabda aura liGga se kevala 'apoha' kI pratIti hotI hai to sAre zabda apohamAtra kA kathana karane ke kAraNa paryAyavAcI ho jaayeNge| aisI sthiti meM vizeSaNa- vizeSya meM bheda, atIta- anAgata 286. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 544-545 287. siddhazcAgaurapohota goniSedhAtmakazca saH / tatra gaurava vaktavyo najA yaH pratiSidhyate // - zlokavArtika, apohavAda, 83, uddhRta prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2 pR. 545 288. (1) sa cedagonivRttyAtmA bhavedanyonyasaMzrayaH / 347 siddhazced gaurapohayArthaM vRthApohaprakalpanA // - zlokavArtika, apohavAda, 84 (2) gavyasiddhe tvagaurnAsti tadabhAve ca gau: kuta: / - zlokavArtika, apohavAda, 85 289. diGnAgena vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvasamarthanArtham " nIlotpalAdizabdA arthAntaranivRttiviziSTAnarthAnAhu: / " ityuktam / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 546 - 290. nAdhArAdheyavRttyAdisambandhazcApyabhAvayoH / - zlokavArtika, apohavAda, 85 291. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga- 2, pR. 546-48

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348 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA Adi kAla meM bheda,strI-puruSa-napuMsaka liGga meM bheda tathA ekavacana, dvivacana, bahuvacana Adi meM bheda karanA duSkara ho jAyegA / liGga zabda ke vAcya evaM liGga ke vAcya meM koI antara nahIM rahegA,kyoMki donoM apohamAtra ke vAcaka haiM / 292 yadi bauddhamata meM apoha bhI aneka prakAra kA hotA hai, ataH vizeSaNa-vizeSyAdi meM bheda karanA zakya hai to apoha ke bheda kisa AdhAra para hote haiM ? 1.apohya ke bheda se? 2. vAsanAbheda se? 3. vibhinna sAmagrI se utpanna hone ke kAraNa? 4.vibhinna kAryoM ko karane ke kAraNa 5.Azraya-bheda se athavA 6.svarUpa bheda se? 293 apohya ke bheda se apoha meM bheda batalAnA ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki 'sarva' 'prameya' Adi zabdoM meM apohya bheda nahIM hone ke kAraNa apoha bheda nahIM ho sktaa| sarva se bhinna asarva' aura prameya se bhinna 'aprameya' nahIM hai jinake apoha se 'sarva' 'prameya' Adi ko siddha kiyA jA sake / isI prakAra sattva, kRtakatva Adi hetu bhI siddha nahIM ho sakate,kyoMki asat evaM akRtaka kA jagat meM astitva nahIM hai,jinake apoha se sattva,kRtakatva Adi ko siddha kiyA jA ske| apohyabheda se apoha bheda batalAne meM anyonyAzraya doSa bhI AtA hai,kyoMki apohyabheda ke siddha hone para apoha meM bheda siddha ho tathA apoha meM bheda siddha hone para apohya bheda siddha ho / isalie apohyabheda ke AdhAra para apoha meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vAsanAbheda ke AdhAra para bhI apoha meM bheda nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki vAsanA-bheda anubhava-bheda ke AdhAra para hotA hai evaM apoha ke eka rUpa hone ke kAraNa anubhava meM bheda nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| bhinna-bhinna sAmagrI se utpanna hone ke kAraNa bhI apoha meM bheda nahIM ho sakatA.kyoMki apoha kalpita hai ataH usakI sAmagrIvizeSa se utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / yadi use sAmagrIvizeSa se utpanna mAnA jAtA hai to apoha kAlpanika nahIM hai| apoha ko vibhinna kArya karane vAlA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki vaha khapuSpa ke samAna asata hone ke kAraNa vibhinna kAryoM ko karane meM asamartha hai| yadi apoha vibhinna kAryoM ke karane meM samartha hai to use paramArtha sat mAnanA hogaa| isI prakAra Azraya bheda aura svarUpabheda se bhI apoha ke bhedoM kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ,kyoMki jo avasturUpa hai usakA na koI Azraya bheda ho sakatA hai aura na koI svarUpa bheda / svarUpabheda hone para to apoha ko svalakSaNa kI bhAMti paramArthasat mAnanA hogaa| bauddhamata meM zabdoM ke dvArA svarUpa se bhinna paryudAsa evaM prasajyarUpa apoha kA kathana kiyA jAtA 292. nyAyakumudacandra,pa.561-562 293. nyAyakumudacandra.pa.562-63

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 349 hai| 294 unameM paryudAsalakSaNa apoha kA kathana jainamata se viruddha nahI hai| 295 gau zabda ke dvArA bauddha jisa agonivRtti sAmAnya kA kathana karate haiM use jaina 'gotva' sAmAnya ke rUpa me 'gau' zabda kA vAcya mAnate haiM jo eka prakAra se bauddhoM ke abhAvAtmaka kathana kA bhAvAntarAtmaka rUpa hai / 296 bauddhamata meM 'gau' zabda dvArA 'gau' svalakSaNa kA abhidhAna nahIM hotA,kyoMki vaha vikalpa kA viSaya nahIM hai / azvAdi kI nivRtti karane vAle zAbaleya Adi govyakti vizeSa ko gau zabda se abhihita karate haiM to vaha bAhuleya Adi go vyaktiyo meM anvita nahIM ho sakegA,isalie samasta sajAtIya zAbaleyAdi piNDoM meM jo gobuddhi hotI hai vaha gotva' nAmaka sAmAnya hI hai / 297 zabda kA vAcya prasajyarUpa apoha mAnane para zabda ke dvArA koI bhI vastu sIdhI vAcya nahIM ho skegii| mAtra niSedha kA hI kathana ho sakegA ,jo upayukta nahIM hai / 298 dUsaro ko jJAna karAne ke liye zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / dUsarA vyakti nIla kA jJAna karanA cAhatA hai,mAtra anIlaniSedha kA nhiiN| ajijJAsita artha kA pratipAdaka puruSa buddhimAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA evaM mAtra niSedha kA kathana karane para nIla evaM utpala zabda meM sAmAnAdhikaraNya bhI nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA / vastutaH na kI hI paryudAsavRtti evaM prasajyavRtti hotI hai / go zabda 'na' nahIM hai ata : usakI vidhirUpa se hI pravRtti mAnanA caahie|299 bauddha - jo arthAkAra pratibimba utpanna hotA hai ,vahI mukhya anyApoha hai aura vaha svasaMvedana pratyakSa se siddha hai| prabhAcandra - jJAna meM arthAkAratA kA hama khaNDana karate haiM / yadi arthAkAra pratibimba ko svIkAra kara bhI liyA jAya to vaha pratibimba kisakA hai ? svalakSaNa artha kA hai athavA sAmAnya kA ? svalakSaNa kA to vaha pratibimba ho nahIM sakatA,kyoki svalakSaNa anya samasta arthoM se vyAvRttAkAravAn hotA hai| pratibimba meM anugata ekarUpatA hotI hai, ataH svalakSaNa meM bhI anugata eka rUpatA svIkAra karanI par3egI ,phalata :svalakSaNa kI vyAvRttatA hI naSTa ho jAegI / yadi jJAna meM sAmAnya kA pratibimba banatA hai to yaha bhI ayukta hai,kyoMki bauddha mata meM sAmAnya asat hai ata;usakA pratibimba nahIM bana sktaa| yadi zabdavikalpa ko hI apane pratibimba kA nizcAyaka mAnA jAtA hai to isase bAhyArtha meM pravRtti 294. nyAyakumudacandra, pR.563 295. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2 pR.,538 / 296. (1) agonivRtti : sAmAnyaM vAcyaM ye : parikalpitam / gotvaM vastveva teruktamagopohagirA sphuTam ||-shlokvaartik, apohavAda, 1, uddhata prameyakamalamArtaNDa bhAga-2 pR. (2) jaina dArzanikoM ne paryudAsa ke buddhyAtmarUpa arthapratibimbakatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai, draSTavya Age SaSTha adhyAya meM arthAkAratA kA khaNDana, pR. 368 297. tasmAtsarveSa yadapaM pratyekaM pariniSThitama / gobuddhistannimittA syAd gotvAdanyacca nAsti tat ||-shlokvaartik, apohavAda, 10 298. nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 563-564

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350 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA nahIM ho skegii| yadi zabda vikalpa dvArA anartha meM artha kA adhyavasAya karane se bAhyArtha meM pravRtti hotI hai to yaha arthAdhyavasAya kyA hai ? bAhyArtha ko grahaNa karanA adhyavasAya hai to yaha para mata ko siddha karatA hai,kyoM ki bauddhoM ko to zabdajJAna dvArA bAhya artha kA grahaNa abhISTa nahIM hai| yadi arthAdhyavasAya kA artha kAraNa hai to yaha bhI anupapanna hai,kyoMki artha to apanI sAmagrI se utpanna hote haiM,jJAna se nahIM / yadi jJAnamAtra se hI artha utpanna hone lage to sabako samasta artha prApta ho jAyeM aura vyakti adaridra ho jAya / yadi svAkAra ko bAhyArtha se jor3anA adhyavasAya hai to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki aisI pratIti nahIM hotI hai / yadi bAhyArtha ko svAkAra meM Aropita karanA adhyavasAya hai to yaha bhI anucita hai,kyoMki bAhyArtha evaM svAkAra kA pRthak pRthak jJAna hue binA eka kA dUsare para Aropa nahIM ho sakatA / donoM kA jJAna na nirvikalpaka pratyakSa se ho sakatA hai aura na savikalpaka se| ataH zabdavikalpa bAhyArtha kA svAkAra meM athavA svAkAra kA bAhyArtha meM Aropa nahIM kara sakatA / 300 bauddha - zabda ke dvArA buddhi meM artha kA pratibimba utpanna hotA hai / vaha pratibimba zabda kA vAcya hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM zabda kAraNa hotA hai tathA arthapratibimba kArya hotA hai / ataH vAcyavAcaka bhAva ko kAryakAraNa rUpa mAnanA caahie| prabhAcandra - go,ghaTa,paTa Adi viziSTa zabda saMketoM se bAhya go,ghaTa,paTa Adi kA jJAna hotA dekhA gayA hai,jJAna hone ke pazcAt inameM pravRtti evaM prApti bhI dekhI gayI hai / ataH zabda ke dvArA bAhyArtha ko vAcya mAnanA hI ucita hai,arthapratibimba mAtra vikalpa ko nahIM,kyoMki jJAna meM arthapratibimba kI zabda se vAcya ke rUpa meM pratIti nahIM hotI hai| zabda ko arthapratibimba rUpa vikalpa kA kAraNa evaM vAcaka mAnane para paramparA se svalakSaNa ko bhI usakA kAraNa evaM vAcaka mAnanA hogA jo bauddhoM ko iSTa nahIM hai|301 isa prakAra bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA khaNDita ho jAtI hai ki buddhi meM artha pratibimba kA honA mukhya anyApoha hai tathA vijAtIya se vyAvRtti evaM anya svalakSaNoM se vyAvRtti aupacArika anyApoha hai, kyoMki zabda kA vAcya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka bAhyArtha hotA hai.anyApoha nahIM / pratiniyata zabdoM se pratiniyata artha kI pratIti evaM pravRtti dekhI gayI hai / ataH zabda-jJAna kA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka rUpa vastubhUta artha hai / jaina darzana meM sAmAnya' nAmaka koI pRthak tattva nahIM hai,jo sabhI vyaktiyoM meM anvita ho,apitu vyaktiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna sadRza guNadharma hI sAmAnya haiM jo pratyeka vyakti yA vizeSa meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / dIpaka se lekara AkAza taka samasta padArtha jaina darzana meM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka haiM ,kevala sAmAnya yA kevala vizeSa nahIM,kyoMki samasta vastuoM kA jJAna sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka rUpa - 300. nyAyakumudacandra, pR.558-560 301. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR. 557558

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smRti ,pratyabhijJAna ,tarka evaM Agama kA prAmANya tathA apoha-vicAra 351 meM hI hotA hai| samIkSaNa ___apohavAda bauddha darzana kA carcita siddhAnta hai| dhIrendra zarmA, 302 sAtkar3i mukarjI 303 ke. kaMjannI rAjA 304 govinda candra pANDe 305 Adi Adhunika cintakoM ne bhI apohavAda para vicAra kiyA hai / bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita apoha udyotakara, kumArila bhaTTa, vAcaspatimizra, udayana Adi ke graMthoM meM khaNDita huA hai, phalasvarUpa isameM yathAkAla saMzodhana evaM parivartana bhI hotA rahA hai / ratnakIrti dvArA zabda ko apohaviziSTa vidhi kA vAcaka mAnanA isakA spaSTa nidarzana hai| __ apohavAda ke nirasanArtha jaina dArzanikoM ne jo tarka diye haiM ve kumArilabhaTTa, vAcaspatimizra Adi se prabhAvita haiM, tathApi jaina dArzanikoM kA zabda evaM artha ke sambandha meM ina darzanoM se bhinna mantavya hai / mImAMsA darzana meM zabda va artha kA nitya evaM vAstavika sambandha mAnA gayA hai| naiyAyikoM ne ise saMketagrAhI evaM anitya sambandha mAnA hai jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ne zabda kA artha ke sAtha yogyatA sambandha svIkAra kiyA hai / zabda se artha ko jAnane ke sambandha meM jaina dArzanikoM ne naya evaM nikSepa kA bhI vistRta pratipAdana kiyA hai| ___ yaha mAnanA adhika upayukta hogA ki pratyeka zabda jisa prakAra vidhi artha kA vAcaka hotA hai, usI prakAra vaha usase anya kA apoha bhI karatA hai,tathA anya kA apoha yA atadvyAvRtti karatA huA vidhi yA tad kA vAcaka bhI hotA hai,kyoMki mAtra anyApoha se zabda dvArA vivakSA kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / anyApoha meM anavasthA doSa AtA hai,aura kahIM na kahIM jAkara zabda kA vAcya artha mAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / vidhiparaka artha bhI paryApta nahIM hai,kyoMki tadbhinna kI vyAvRtti karake hI koI zabda apane vAcya artha kA samyak jJAna karA sakatA hai,anyathA nhiiN|. 302. The Differentiation theory of Meaning in Indian Logic. 303. The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal flux, pp. 107-49 304. Theory of Meaning according to the Buddhist Logicians, aDayAra lAiberI, buleTina / 305. apohasiddhi

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SaSTha adhyAya prameya, pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa gata adhyAyoM meM pramANa ke svarUpa evaM bhedoM para vicAra karane ke anantara isa adhyAya meM pramANa ke viSaya,phala evaM pramANAbhAsa para saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / pramANa ke viSaya kA dUsarA nAma prameya hai| 'pramAtuM yogyaM prameyama' (pra upasarga + mA dhAtu evaM yat pratyaya se niSpatra prameya) vyutpati ke anusAra pramANa dvArA jAnane yogya padArtha ko prameya kahA jAtA hai / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se prameya ananta haiM, kyoMki jagat meM jitane bhI dravya yA padArtha haiM, ve prameya haiN| kintu prameya kA vibhAjana vastuoM/dravyoM/padArthoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para nahIM,apitu unakI svarUpagata vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina evaM bauddha darzana meM maulika matabheda hai / svarUpa ke AdhAra para bauddhadarzana meM jahAM svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa ke bheda se do prameya pratipAdita haiM vahAM jaina darzana meM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka rUpa meM eka hI prameya mAnya hai| jagat kI vastuoM ko saMkhyA kI dRSTi se anantAnanta svIkAra karake bhI jaina dArzanika svarUpa kI dRSTi se unheM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka' hI mAnate haiN| AkAza, agni, pRthvI,Tebila,kursI Adi samasta prameya jaina darzana meM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka evaM nityAnityAtmaka haiM,jabaki bauddha darzana meM svalakSaNa prameya paramArthasat hai evaM vaha pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya hai tathA sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya saMvRtisat hai evaM nyAyavaizeSikoM ke sAmAnya se bhinna hai / vaha anumAnapramANa kA viSaya hai| pratyakSa evaM anumAna se bhitra koI pramANa bauddha darzana meM mAnya nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM mAnya pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa ke samasta bhedopabhedoM ke lie prameya kA eka hI svarUpa hai-sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka / apekSA vizeSa se ise bhedAbhedAtmaka,nityAnityAtmaka,bhAvAbhAvAtmaka Adi zabdoM se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| aba bauddha evaM jaina darzana meM pratipAdita prameya ke svarUpa kA saMkSepa meM vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| bauddha darzana meM dvividha prameya . bauddha dArzanika mata meM do pramANoM kI bhAMti do hI prakAra ke prameya mAnya haiM / do prakAra ke prameya haiM- 1.svalakSaNa aura 2. sAmAnyalakSaNa |prtykssprmaann kA viSaya svalakSaNa hai tathA anumAnapramANa kA viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa hai / svalakSaNa artha paramArthasat evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa saMvRtisat kahalAtA hai| sAmAnyalakSaNa ke dvArA bhI svalakSaNa kI hI prApti hotI hai,isalie dharmakIrti ke anusAra vastutaH prameya eka hI prakAra kA hai, aura vaha eka prameya svalakSaNa' artha hai / ekamAtra svalakSaNa ko prameya mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vahI arthakriyA sAmarthya se yukta hotA hai,aura jo arthakriyA meM samartha hai vahI bauddha mata meM sat hai / arthakriyArthI puruSa arthakriyA kI siddhi ke lie svalakSaNa ke sattva evaM asatva kA hI vicAra karate haiN| usa eka prameya ke hI svarUpa (svalakSaNa) evaM pararUpa (sAmAnya lakSaNa) kI dRSTi se do bheda ho jAte haiM / yathA tasmAdarthakriyAsiddhe, sdsttaavicaarnnaat| tasya svapararUpAbhyAM, garmeyadvayaM matam // pramANavArtika, 2.54

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 353 sAmAnyalakSaNa pararUpa bheda hai / usake dvArA arthakriyA sampanna nahIM hotI, isalie use avastu kahA gayA hai, kintu vaha svalakSaNa- prApti meM sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa prameya mAnA gayA hai athavA saMvRtisat kahA gayA hai| svalakSaNa jo arthakriyA karane meM samartha hotA hai vahI svalakSaNa hai|' svalakSaNa ko hI dharmakIrti ne paramArthasat kahA hai| vahI vastu bhI hai ,kyoMki vastu hI arthakriyA karane meM samartha hotI hai / arthakriyA-sAmarthya kyA hai ? isakA dharmottara ne spaSTa pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai ki jisakI arthanA kI jAtI hai vaha artha hai / vaha heya evaM upAdeya ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hotA hai / heya artha ko chor3A jAtA hai tathA upAdeya artha ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| hAna evaM upAdAna rUpa prayojana kI kriyA yA niSpatti arthakriyA hai tathA usameM zaktiyukta honA arthakriyAsAmarthya kahalAtA hai| svalakSaNa, arthakriyA meM samartha hotA hai, isalie vaha vastu evaM paramArthasat kahA jAtA hai|' - svalakSaNa ko bAhyArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hue dharmakIrti ne nyAyavindu meM use isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai - 'jisa artha ke sannidhAna athavA asannidhAna se jJAna ke pratibhAsa meM sphuTatA yA asphuTatA kA bheda hotA hai vaha svalakSaNa hai| dharmottara kahate haiM ki svalakSaNa, vastu kA asAdhAraNa svarUpa hotA hai| mokSAkaragupta ne svalakSaNa ko deza,kAla evaM AkAra meM niyata batalAyA hai tathA kahA hai ki jo udaka lAne meM samartha ghaTAdi artha haiM ve deza, kAla evaM AkAra meM niyata rahakara pratyakSa dvArA gRhIta hokara pravRtti kA viSaya banate haiM tathA ve nityatva Adi dharmoM se udAsIna rahakara vijAtIya (paTAdi) evaM sajAtIya (ghaTAdi) arthoM se vyAvRtta hote haiM,ataHsvalakSaNa kahe jAte haiN| mokSAkaragapta ke dvArA pradatta yaha svalakSaNasvarUpa bauddha-cintana meM uttarakAla kI pariNati hai ataH bauddhamata meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zAntarakSita ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki svalakSaNa artha sajAtIya evaM vijAtIya arthoM se vyAvRtta 1. tatra yadarthakriyAsamartha tadeva vastu svalakSaNamiti |-prmaannsmuccyttiikaa, pR.6 2. arthakriyAsamartha yat tadatraparamArthasat / - pramANavArtika, 2.3 3. arthakriyAsAmarthya lakSaNatvAd vastuna: |-nyaaybindu, 1.15 4. arthyata ityarthaH / heya upAdeyazca / heyo hi hAtumiSyate,upAdeyadhopAdAtum / arthasya prayojanasya kriyA niSpattiH / tasyAM sAmaya zaktiH / tadeva lakSaNaM rUpaM yasya vastuna : tad arthkriyaasaamrthylkssnnm|-nyaaybinduttiikaa, 1.15, pR.78 5. vastuzabda: paramArthaparyAya: |-nyaaybinduttiikaa, pR.78 6. yasyArthasya sannidhAnAsannindhAnAmyAM jJAnapratibhAsabhedastat svalakSaNam |-nyaayvind 1.13 7. svamasAdhAraNalakSaNaM tattvaM svalakSaNam |-nyaayvinduttiikaa, 1.12, pR.69 8. svalakSaNamityasAdhAraNaM vasturUpaM dezakAlAkAraniyatam / - tarkabhASA (mokSAkarA pR. 11.10 9. ghaTAdirudakAdhAharaNasamatho'thoM dezakAlAkAraniyataH puraH prakAzamAno'nityatvAdhanekadhamoMdAsInapravRttiviSayo vijAtIyasajAtIyavyAvRtta: svalakSaNamityartha: / - tarkabhASA (mokSAkara) pR. 11.11

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354 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA hone ke kAraNa vizeSaNa se viziSTa hokara gRhIta nahIM hotA hai / 1deg dharmakIrti ke vRttikAra manorathanandI ne dharmakIrti kRta sAmAnyalakSaNa-varNana ke AdhAra para svalakSaNa ko anabhidheya, asAdhAraNa, saMketasmaraNa se rahita, arthakriyAkSama Adi kahA hai|" vAcaspati mizra ne nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA dezaH anugamana nahIM karane ke kAraNa ise paramArtha evaM kAlataH anugamana nahIM karane ke kAraNa kSaNika kahA hai I saMkSepa meM svalakSaNa ke svarUpa ko nimnAGkita binduoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / 1. yaha sajAtIya evaM vijAtIya arthoM se vyAvRtta hone ke kAraNa asAdhAraNa hotA hai / 2. . deza evaM kAla meM anugata nahIM hotaa| isakA deza meM vistAra nahIM hone se yaha paramArthasat evaM kAla meM vistAra nahIM hone se kSaNika hotA hai / 3. yaha arthakriyA-sAmarthya se yukta hotA hai / 4. yaha zabda dvArA anabhidheya evaM saMketasmaraNa se rahita hotA hai| sAmAnyalakSaNa nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM 'sAmAnya' ko vAstavika evaM pratyakSa-yogya eka pRthak padArtha mAnA gayA hai / bauddha dArzanika isakA khaNDana karate haiM / bauddhadarzana meM pratipAdita 'sAmAnyalakSaNa' artha kAlpanika evaM avasturUpa hai| yaha anumAna pramANa kA grAhya viSaya hotA hai / isake mAdhyama se svalakSaNa artha ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai athavA avisaMvAdI vyavahAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, isalie ise saMvRtisat kahA gayA hai| sAmAnyalakSaNa artha svayaM arthakriyA meM samartha nahIM hotA, isalie ise avastu, anartha Adi zabdoM se bhI kahA gayA hai| ' ,12 .13 sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya ko dharmakIrti ne tIna prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA hai| (1) bhAvAzraya (2) abhAvAzraya evaM (3) ubhayAzraya / 3 rUpAdi bhAvoM ke AdhAra para kRtakatvAdi zabdoM dvArA vAcya liGga bhAvAzraya sAmAnya hai / upalabdhilakSaNa prApta kI anupalabdhi honA Adi abhAvAzraya sAmAnya hai bhAva evaM abhAva meM sAdhAraNa rahane vAle jJeyatva Adi ubhayAzraya sAmAnya haiM / 1 dharmakIrti pratipAdita karate haiM ki paramArthasat rUpa se prameya eka hI hai - svalakSaNa | kintu usakA jJAna svarUpa se pratyakSa dvArA evaM anumAna se pararUpa dvArA hone ke kAraNa prameya ko do prakAra kA mAnA 10. sajAtIyavijAtIyavyAvRttArthagrahAnmata: / viziSTaviSayo bodho na vizeSaNamaGgate // - tattvasaGgraha, 1270 11. draSTavya, manorathanandivRtti, pramANavArtika, 2.51, pR. 116 12. (1) sAmAnyalakSaNaM ca tato viparItam / pramANasuccaya, pR. 6 (2) anyat saMvRtisat proktam / pramANavArtika, 2.3 13. sAmAnyaM trividham tacca bhAvAbhAvo bhayAzrayAt / pramANavArtika, 2.51

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 355 gayA hai - svalakSaNa evaM saamaanylkssnn|14 sAmAnyalakSaNa viSaya ke dvArA bhI svalakSaNa artha ko usI prakAra prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai jisa prakAra ki maNiprabhA ko maNi samajhakara usakI ora dauDane vAlA puruSa vahAM para maNi ko prApta karane meM saphala hotA hai / 15 saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya ke dvArA bhI arthakriyAsAmarthya se yukta svalakSaNa artha ko prApta kiyA jAtA hai, isalie sAmAnyalakSaNa bhI saMvRtisat rUpa meM eka prameya hai / sAmAnyalakSaNa kI pratIti nirvikalpaka nahIM hotii| vaha avastu rUpa hotA hai,kyoMki vaha zabdoM dvArA abhidheya hotA hai|16 ghaTa, vahni Adi zabdoM kA prayoga sAmAnyalakSaNa artha meM hI hotA hai, svalakSaNa artha meM nahIM / vastutaH svalakSaNa-santAna meM rahA huA sAdhAraNarUpa hI sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya hai| yaha svalakSaNa santAna meM sAdhAraNarUpeNa Aropita kiyA jAtA hai, Aropita hone se tathA sakala agni meM yA samasta ghaToM meM sAdhAraNa hone ke kAraNa ise sAmAnyalakSaNa kahA gayA hai / sAmAnyalakSaNa artha ke sannidhAna yA asannidhAna se jJAna ke pratibhAsa meM sphuTatA ke rUpa meM bheda nahIM hotA hai / 17 svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa meM bheda svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa viSayoM meM mukhya rUpa se nimnAGkita bheda kiye jA sakate haiM.18 1.svalakSaNa viSaya arthakriyA meM samartha hotA hai ,isalie vaha paramArthasat hai| sAmAnyalakSaNa viSaya arthakriyA meM samartha nahIM hotA hai tathApi vyavahAra meM avisaMvAdaka hone se vaha saMvRtisat hai| 2.svalakSaNa viSaya kA zabdoM ke dvArA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ,jabaki sAmAnyalakSaNa viSaya kA zabdoM ke dvArA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai / ghaTa,vahni Adi zabdoM kA prayoga sAmAnyalakSaNa meM hI hotA hai,svalakSaNa meM nhiiN| 3.svalakSaNa viSaya sarvato vyAvRtta hone se asadRza athavA asAdhAraNa hotA hai,jabaki sAmAnyalakSaNa viSaya meM vijAtIyavyAvRtti hone se sadRzatA pAyI jAtI hai / 4.viSaya se bhinna nimitta ke milane para bhI sAmAnyalakSaNa kA jJAna ho sakatA hai, kintu svalakSaNa kA nhiiN| - 14. (i) meyaM tvekaM svalakSaNam / - pramANavArtika, 2.53 (ii) tasya svapararUpAbhyAM gateyadvayaM matam / - pramANavArtika,2.54 15. pramANavArtika, 2.57, draSTavya, dvitIya adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 36 16.na tad vastvabhidheyatvAt |-prmaannvaartik,2.11 17. tasya samAropitasya satridhAnAd asatridhAnAcca jJAnapratibhAsasya na bheda : sphuTatvenAsphuTatvena vA / - nyAyabinduTIkA, .1.16. pR.79 18.(1) zaktyazaktita: arthakriyAyAm / - pramANavArtika, 2.1 (2) sadRzAsadRzatvAcca viSayAviSayatvata: / zabdasyAnyanimittAnAM bhAve dhIsadasattvata: ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.2 (3) draSTavya, pramANavArtika 2.3, 27-28,50-51 bhii|

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356 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 5. svalakSaNa artha pratyakSa kA viSaya hotA hai jabaki sAmAnyalakSaNa artha anumAna pramANa kA viSaya banatA hai| 6.svalakSaNa artha saMketasmaraNa se anapekSa pratipatti vAlA hotA hai,jabaki sAmAnyalakSaNa kI pratipatti saMketasmaraNa ke sApekSa hotI hai| 7.svalakSaNa artha sanidhAna evaM asatridhAna se sphuTa yA asphuTa rUpa pratibhAsa bheda kA janaka hotA hai jabaki sAmAnyalakSaNa artha isa bheda kA janaka nahIM hotaa| vijJAnavAda meM pramANa, prameya evaM phala-vyavasthA diinAga, dharmakIrti Adi dArzanika mUlataH vijJAnavAdI vicAradhArA ke dArzanika the| ataH unhoMne pramANa-prameya kI vyavasthA ko vijJAnavAda meM bhI ghaTita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / dharmakIrti ne diDnAga ke pramANasamuccaya para pramANavArtika kI racanA karate hue yaha spaSTa pratipAdita kiyA hai ki artha evaM jJAna ke sahopalambha niyama ke AdhAra para vijJAnavAda meM bhI arthAkAratA evaM jJAnAkAratA ina donoM rUpoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| jJAna hI vikalpa vAsanA ke kAraNa grAhya evaM grAhaka bheda ko grahaNa kara letA hai / 2deg paramArthataH jJAna avibhAgI hai tathApi usameM bAhyArtha pratyakSa kI bhAMti pramANa, prameya evaM phala kI vyavasthA kI jA sakatI hai|21 manorathanandI kahate haiM ki jJAna kA grAhyAkAra rUpa prameya hotA hai,grAhakAkArarUpa pramANa hotA hai tathA jJAna phalarUpa hotA hai / 22 jaina dArzanikoM ne vijJAna se pRthaka bAhyArtha kI sattA svIkAra kI hai,ataH ve jJAna meM svasaMvedana svIkAra karate hue bhI jJAna ko AtmaprakAzaka kI bhAMti arthaprakAzaka bhI svIkAra karate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadArzanikoM ne vijJAnavAda evaM usameM pratipAdita pramANa,prameya evaM phalavyavasthA kA mUlocchedana kiyA hai / akalaGka, vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, vAdirAja, abhayadeva, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri Adi sabhI mUrdhanya jainadArzanikoM ne vijJAnavAda ke nirasanArtha lekhanI calAyI hai, jo svatantra rUpa se eka zodha-prabandha kA viSaya bana sakatI hai, kintu vistAra bhaya se isakI carcA yahAM karanA saMbhava nahIM 19.(1) dvairUpyaM sahasaMvittiniyamAt tacca sidhyati |-prmaannvaartik, 2.398 (2) vijJAnavAda kI siddhi meM nIla evaM nIlajJAna ke sahopalambha kA pratipAdaka eka vAkya prasiddha hai, jo bauddhetara graMthoM meM bhI anekatra uddhRta hai -sahopalampaniyamAdabhedo nIlataddhiyoH / 20. avibhAgo'pi budyAtmaviparyAsitadarzanaiH / grAhyagrAhakasaMvittibhedavAniva lakSyate ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.354 21. yathAnudarzanaM ceyaM meyamAnaphalasthitiH / kriyate vidyamAnApi grAhyagrAhakasaMvidAm ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.357 22. grAhyAkAro meyaH, grAhakAkAro mAnam, saMvittiH phalamiti vyavasthApyate |-mnorcnndivRtti, pramANavArtika, 2.357, pR. 206 23. draSTavya, anekAntajayapatAkA, bhAga-2, pR. 1-20, siddhivinizcayaTIkA, bhAga-2 , pR. 416,743, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1,pR. 214-250,nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, pR.35-39,syAdvAdamArI, pR.176 akalaGkaaMdhatraya, prastAvanA, pR.78 aadi|

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prameya, pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa jaina darzana meM prameya jaina darzana meM samasta pramANoM kA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka athavA dravyaparyAyAtmaka artha hai / 24 bauddhoM kI bhAMti jaina dArzanikoM ne alaga-alaga pramANoM ke lie alaga-alaga prameya kI vyavasthA nahIM kii| ve to sarvasammati se pratyakSa, smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna evaM Agama ina sabhI pramANoM kA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha ko hI mAnate haiN| jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki hameM kisI bhI prameya kA bodha sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka rUpa meM hI hotA hai, kevala sAmAnya athavA kevala vizeSa ke rUpa meM nahIM / isalie prameya artha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hotA hai / 26 prameya artha ke lie jaina darzana meM sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka zabda ke atirikta dravya-paryAyAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka, sadRzAsadRzAtmaka, utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka, Adi vibhinna zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / 25 kucha zabda tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se diye gaye haiM tathA kucha jJAnamImAMsIya dRSTi se / tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se jaina darzana meM artha athavA sat kA lakSaNa hai 'utpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM sat / ' arthAt jo utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya se yukta hotA hai vaha 'sat' athavA 'artha' kahA jAtA hai / 'sat' hI prameya banatA hai / isalie prameya ke lie utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka, dravya-paryAyAtmaka Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| jJAnamImAMsIya dRSTi se prameya sadRzAsadRzAtmaka, bhedAbhedAtmaka, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka athavA dravyaparyAyAtmaka pratIta hotA hai| pramIyamANa artha anya padArthoM se athavA apanI hI pUrvApara paryAyoM se sadRza athavA asadRza rUpa meM jJAta hotA hai| yadi vaha anya padArthoM se athavA apanI pUrvApara paryAyoM se sadRza evaM visadRza rUpa meM jJAta na ho to hama kisI bhI prameya kA bhalIbhAMti samyak jJAna nahIM kara skte| jaise hamArA prameya 'ghaTa' hai / 'ghaTa' kA jJAna anya ghaMTa padArthoM anvita hone ke kAraNa sAmAnyAtmaka tathA usa viziSTa (vyakti) ghaTa kA jJAna vizeSAtmaka hotA hai, phalataH 'ghaTa' kA jJAna sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hotA hai| yadi 'ghaTa' kA sAmAnya rUpa meM hI jJAna ho to kabhI vizeSa 'ghaTa' kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakegA tathA vizeSa 'ghaTa' kA hI jJAna ho to use anya sadRza ghoM kI zreNI meM nahIM rakhA jA skegaa| vizeSa rUpa meM anya arthoM se bhinna athavA sAmAnya rUpa meM anya arthoM se abhinna rUpa meM prameya kI pramiti hone ke kAraNa use bhedAbhedAtmaka bhI kahA gayA hai / jaba eka hI padArtha kA vibhinna avasthAoM meM jJAna kiyA jAtA hai to vaha prameya dravyaparyAyAtmaka rUpa meM hI jJAta hotA hai, yathA-kisI puruSa kA zaizava, yauvana evaM vArdhakya meM hone vAlA jJAna / puruSa dravyarUpa meM eka tathA zaizavAdi paryAyoM meM bhinna jJAta hotA hai| paryAyoM kI bhinnatA hote hue bhI eka hI dravya meM 24. (1) sAmAnyavizeSAtmA tadartho viSaya: |-priikssaamukh, 4.1 (2) tad dravyaparyAyAtmArtho bahirantazca / - laghIyastraya, 7, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pU. 3 (3) tasya viSaya : sAmAnyavizeSAdyanekAntAtmakaM vastu / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 5.1 (4) pramANasya viSayo dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu / pramANamImAMsA, 1.1.30 25. draSTavya, akalaGkayaM dhatraya, pU. 3, 10, 11,71, 80 Adi / 26. tattvArthasUtra, 5.29 357

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358 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jo sAdRzya hai use jaina darzana meM tiryak sAmAnya tathA bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM ko vizeSa mAnakara jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa kA eka hI viSaya sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka padArtha kahA hai| sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka prameya kA svarUpa jaina darzana meM usa sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka prameya kA kyA svarUpa hai, isa para saMkSipta vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai / jaina darzana meM sAmAnya evaM vizeSa nAmaka padArthoM ke pRthak astitva kI mAnyatA nahIM hai / jainadArzanika pratyeka vastu meM ananta athavA aneka dharmoM kI sahAvasthiti ko svIkAra karate haiM / una samasta dharmoM ko ve sAdRzya evaM vaisAdRzya ke AdhAra para sAmAnya evaM vizeSa nAma dete haiM / vastu ke jo dharma anya vastuoM se athavA usI vastu kI pUrva evaM uttara paryAyoM se sAdRzya jJApita karate haiM ve sAmAnya tathA jo dharma anya vastuoM se athavA usa vastu kI anya paryAyoM se visadRzatA jJApita karate haiM ve vizeSa kahe gaye haiN| bhaTTa akalaGka ne spaSTa kahA hai-'samAnabhAvaH sAmAnya vizeSo'nyavyapekSayA' / 27 vastu ke aneka dharmoM meM rahI huI sadRzatA yA anugatasvabhAva sAmAnya hai tathA vyAvRttasvabhAva vizeSa hai| vizeSa evaM sAmAnya kA pRthak astitva nahIM hai ,apitu ye eka hI vastu yA artha meM rahe hue samAna evaM asamAna dharma haiM,jinakA hameM usa vastu meM jJAna hotA hai| jainadArzanikoM ne sAmAnya ko do prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA hai-1. tiryak sAmAnya evaM 2. uurdhvtaasaamaany|28 aneka vyaktiyoM meM rahI huI samAna pariNati ko tiryak sAmAnya kahA gayA hai , yathA zabala,zAbaleya,bAhuleya Adi aneka piNDoM meM 'gAya' (gotva) nAmaka sAmAnya / eka hI vyakti ,yA vastu ke pUrvApara pariNAmoM meM rahA huA sadRza dravya UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahA gayA hai,yathA kaTaka, kaMgana, Adi meM rahA huA 'svarNa' / 3deg isa prakAra koI bhI vastu sAmAnya se rahita nahIM ho sakatI,kyoMki vaha apanI pUrvApara paryAyoM ke sAdRzya se nahIM baca sktii| guNa evaM paryAya ke bheda se vizeSa bhI do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai|31 guNa evaM paryAya ke kAraNa hI dravya, anya dravyoM evaM apanI paryAyoM se vyAvRtti kA bodha karAtA hai| dravya kA lakSaNa hai-'guNaparyAyavad drvym|32 jo guNa evaM paryAyoM se yukta hotA hai use jaina darzana meM dravya kahA gayA hai / guNa evaM paryAyoM meM bheda hai yA nahIM ,yaha jaina dArzanikoM ke madhya vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai / siddhasena 27. nyAyavinizcaya, 112, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR. 45 28. sAmAnyaM dedhA tiryagUrdhvatAbhedAt / - parIkSAmukha, 4.3 29. prativyakti tulyA pariNatistiryaksAmAnyam, zabalazAbaleyAdipiNDeSu gotvaM yathA / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 5.4 30. pUrvAparapariNAmasAdhAraNaM dravyamUrdhvatAsAmAnyaM, kaTakakaMkaNAdyanugAmikAMcanavat |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 5.5 31.(1) vizeSo'pi dvirUpo - guNaH paryAyazca |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 5.6 / (2) mANikyanandI ne gaNa ke sthAna para vyatireka zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, yathA vizeSazca paryAyavyatirekabhedAt / - parIkSAmukha, 4.6-7 32.(1) tattvArthasUtra, 5.37 (2) guNANamAsao davvaM, egadavvassiyA guNA / lakkhaNaM pajjavANaM tu. upao assiyA bhave ||-uttraadhyynsuutr, 28.6

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 359 divAkara ne jahAM guNa evaM paryAya meM abheda sthApita kiyA hai33 vahAM bhaTTa akala evaM unake anuvartI dArzanikoM ne unameM bheda pratipAdita kiyA hai| yahAM para yaha samajhanA adhika upayukta hogA ki dravya meM jo sadaiva upasthita rahate haiM athavA dravya ke jo sahabhAvI haiM ve guNa kahe gaye haiM, yathA AtmA meM rahA huA jJAna usakA guNa hai,kyoMki vaha AtmA ke sAtha sadaiva rahatA hai / 35 dravya meM kramabhAvI pariNAma ko paryAya kahA gayA hai,jo pratikSaNa utpanna hotI hai evaM naSTa hotI hai / yathA AtmA meM rahe hue sukha, duHkha Adi / 36 utpAda evaM vyaya paryAya kA hotA hai guNa evaM dravya kA nhiiN| guNa evaM dravya mUlataH dhUva haiM, kintu paryAya kI pariNati se ve bhI parivartita dikhAI dete haiN| guNoM ke kAraNa eka dravya kA anya dravyoM se bheda dikhAI detA hai tathA paryAya ke kAraNa eka hI dravya meM vibhinna kAloM meM bheda dikhAI detA hai / isa prakAra guNa evaM paryAya donoM se vyAvRtti kA bodha hotA hai, isalie ye vizeSa kahe gaye haiN| isIlie akalaGkakahate haiM ki dravyaparyAyAtmaka evaM utpAdavyayadhauvya se yukta sat hI vAstavika prameya hotA hai,kyoMki usake viSaya meM pramANa evaM pramANAbhAsa kI vyavasthA hotI hai| bauddha sammata prameya kA khaNDana evaM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka prameya kI siddhi akalaGka, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri, hemacandra Adi jainadArzanikoM ne pramANa-viSaya para gahana cintana kara bauddha pramANa-viSayoM ko anupapanna ThaharAyA hai tathA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka athavA dravyaparyAyAtmaka artha ko pramANa kA viSaya siddha kiyA hai / jaina dArzanika akalaGka, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI evaM vAdidevasUri ke pramukha tarka yahAM diye jA rahe haiN| akalaGka kahate haiM ki bauddhoM ko abhISTa pratyakSa-pramANa kA viSaya svalakSaNa kathaJcit asAdhAraNa hone para bhI sadRza rUpa meM hI pratibhAsita hotA hai,asadRza athavA asAdhAraNa rUpa meM nahIM / hameM indriya jJAna meM vastu kA sAvayava evaM sthUla eka AkAra jJAta hotA hai jisakA pUrva evaM apara jJAna meM spaSTa rUpeNa binA skhalanA ke anvaya hotA hai / svalakSaNa artha cakSagocara nahIM ho pAtA.hama svalakSaNoM ke sAmAnya rUpa kA hI cakSu dvArA grahaNa kara pAte haiN| isase siddha hotA hai ki pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya svalakSaNa vizeSa nahIM, apitu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka artha hai, jisameM hama vastu ke sadRza evaM asadRza dharmoM kA jJAna karate haiN| isameM sAmAnya vyApaka hai tathA vizeSa vyApya hai|37 akalaGkakA kathana hai ki hama kahIM para bhI mAtra sAmAnya ko nahIM dekhate haiM aura na mAtra svalakSaNa 33. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, 3.9-14 34. guNaparyAyayo kyamiti sUtre dvayagrahaH |-nyaayvinishcy, 113, akalaGkaanyatraya, pR. 45 35. guNaH sahabhAvI dhoM, yathA - Atmani vijJAnavyaktizaktyAdaya: / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 5.7 36. paryAyastu kramamAvI, yathA tatraiva sukhaduHkhAdi / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 5.8 37. abhimatasvalakSaNAnAM kathaJcidasAdhAraNatve'pi sadRzAtmaneva pratimAsanAt / akSabuddho svAvayavasvabhAvaM sthavIyAMsamekamAkAraM pratibhAsamAnaM pUrvAparAnvayi parisphuTamaskhaladvRtti saMpazyAma: / anyathA parisphuTanaM nAvabhAseta / -siddhivinizcayavRtti, pR.123

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360 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ko dekhate haiM ,apitu sarvatra sAmAnya-svalakSaNAtmaka athavA sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastu ko dekhate haiN| varNa,saMsthAna Adi se yukta jAtyanvita-vizeSa kA hI hameM jJAna hotA hai|38 anya kA vyavaccheda karanA athavA anya se sadRzatA yA abheda batalAnA sAmAnya hai evaM anya se vyAvRtta honA svalakSaNa hai,ina donoM ko yathArtha mAnane para hI sArI loka-vyavasthA cala sakatI hai| 'kAka mayUra kI bhAMti nAcatA hai| yaha kathana tabhI kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba kAka evaM mayUra meM nRtyakriyAkA sAdRzya evaM vyakti-vyAvRttatA ke kAraNa vaisAdRzya jJAta ho / 39 sautrAntikoM ke svalakSaNa rUpa bAhyArtha tathA vijJAnavAdiyoM ke vijJAna rUpa Antarika artha kA eka sAtha khaNDana karate hue akalaGka kahate haiM ki hameM apane jJAna meM dravyaparyAyAtmaka artha kA pratibhAsa hotA hai isalie tAttvika rUpa se bAhya evaM antaH prameya dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai|deg svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa bAhya evaM antaH rUpa meM eka-dUsare se bhinna rUpa meM pratIti ke viSaya nahIM banate haiM / bauddha darzana meM bhI svalakSaNa ko dRzya mAnA gayA hai ,kintu prApti sAmAnyalakSaNa kI mAnI gaI hai / isI prakAra anumAna kA grAhya viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa tathA prApya viSaya svalakSaNa svIkArA gayA hai / vastutaH hameM bhedAbhedAtmaka rUpa meM hI kisI artha kA jJAna ho pAtA hai / 'dravya' zabda abheda kA dyotaka hai kyoMki yaha vibhinna paryAyoM meM anvita hotA hai tathA paryAya' zabda bheda yA vizeSa kA dyotaka hotA hai ,kyoMki paryAya sarvato vyAvRtta hotA hai|41 bauddha dArzanikoM ne usI jJAna ko avisaMvAdaka mAnA hai jo arthakriyAsAmarthya se yukta svalakSaNa artha kI prApti karA sake, athavA usako pradarzita kare,kintu akalaGkakA kathana hai ki svalakSaNa rUpa kSaNika artha meM arthakriyA nahIM ho sktii| isalie svalakSaNa ko prameya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| ve bauddhoM kI bhAMti ekAnta nitya artha meM bhI arthakriyA hone kA khaNDana karate haiM tathA ekAnta kSaNika artha meM bhii| jisa prakAra artha ko nitya mAnane para usameM nakrama se arthakriyA saMbhava haiM aura na yugapada,kyoMki krama se arthakriyA karane para usakI nityatA bhaMga ho jAtI hai tathA yugapad arthakriyA karane para agale kSaNa vaha akiJcitkara ho jAtA hai ; usI prakAra artha ko kSaNika mAnane para usameM krama se arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki vaha eka kSaNa Thaharane ke kAraNa arthakriyA kA na kAraNa bana sakatA hai aura na kArya / yugapad bhI usameM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai,kyoMki kSaNika artha meM aneka vastuoM ko utpanna 38. na pazyAma : kvacit kiJcit sAmAnyaM vA svalakSaNam / jAtyantaraM tu pazyAma : tato'nekAntahetavaH // - siddhivinizcaya, 2.12 39. anvayo'nyavyavacchedo vyatireka : svalakSaNam / / tata: sarvA vyavastheti nRtyetkAko mayUravat ||-nyaayvinishcy, 123 40. tadravyaparyAyAtmAthoM bahirantazca tattvata: / laghIyasvaya, 7 akalavayaMvatraya, pR. 3 41. bhedAbhedaikAntayoranupalabdhe :arthasya siddhiranekAntAt / nAntarbahirvA svalakSaNaM sAmAnyalakSaNaM vA parasparAnAtmakaM prameyaM yathA manyate pare:, dravyaparyAyAtmano'rthasya buddhau pratibhAsanAt / - laghIyastrayavRtti, 7, akalayathatraya, pR. 3-4

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 361 karane ke nAnA svabhAva nahIM ho sakate / 42 vidyAnanda kahate haiM ki pramANa kA viSaya dravyaparyAyAtmaka hI ho sakatA hai ,anya nahIM / pratyakSa kA viSaya svalakSaNa yA mAtra paryAya ko mAnanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki pratyakSa se svalakSaNa kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra anumAna kA viSaya bhI sAmAnyalakSaNa yA dravyamAtra ko mAnanA ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki vaha anumAna Adi se prApta nahIM hotA hai|43 yahAM vidyAnanda, dharmottara ke dvArA prastuta grAhya evaM adhyavaseya (prApya) viSaya kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kara rahe haiM / dharmottara ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki pratyakSa kA grAhya viSaya svalakSaNa tathA prApyaviSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa hotA hai evaM anumAna kA grAhya viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa tathA prApyaviSaya svalakSaNa hotA hai| dharmottara ke isa mantavya kA khaNDana karate hue vidyAnanda ne kahA hai ki svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnya lakSaNa ko pramANa kA viSaya mAnanA upayukta nahIM hai / pramANa kA viSaya to sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hI ho sakatA hai,kyoMki pramANa se sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka evaM dravyaparyAyAtmaka jAtyantara viSaya kI hI upalabdhi hotI hai / vahI pravRtti evaM prApti kA viSaya banatA hai, anyathA arthakriyA sampanna nahIM ho sktii| sAmAnyalakSaNa ko bauddha dArzanika arthakriyA meM jisa prakAra samartha nahIM mAnate usI prakAra svalakSaNa bhI krama se evaM yugapad arthakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai| svalakSaNa artha meM krama se evaM yugapad rUpa se arthakriyA isalie saMbhava nahIM hai ,kyoMki svalakSaNa meM pariNamana kA abhAva hai,vaha pratikSaNa niraMza rUpa se naSTa hokara nayA utpanna hotA hai / krama evaM yugapad rUpa se arthakriyA pariNamanazIla artha meM hI ho sakatI hai| sarvathA apariNAmI kSaNika evaM nitya padArthoM meM krama se evaM yugapad rUpa se arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai ,kyoMki nitya padArtha meM jisa prakAra krama evaM yugapad rUpa se arthakriyA mAnane meM virodha AtA hai usI prakAra kSaNika artha meM bhI virodha AtA hai / sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha pariNamanazIla hai,nityAnityAtmaka hai / dravya rUpa se nitya evaM paryAyarUpa se vaha anityAtmaka hotA hai |islie usameM arthakriyA saMbhava hai|4 ___ AcArya mANikyanandI ne svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa ke pramANa viSayatva kA sIdhA khaNDana nahIM karake yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha hI pramANa kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha ko pramANa kA viSaya mAnane ke pIche mANikyanandI ne do hetu diye haiM-(1) sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha meM hI anuvRtti evaM vyAvRttiparaka jJAna ho sakatA hai / (2)sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka 42. arthakriyA na yujyeta nityakSaNikapakSayoH / kramAkramAbhyAM bhAvAnAM sA lakSaNatayA matA ||-lghiiystry,8 43. dravyaparyAyAtmaka: pramANaviSayaH prmaannvissytvaanythaanuppteH| na hi pratyakSata : svalakSaNaM paryAyamAnaM sanmAvamivo palabhAmahe / nApyanumAnAde : sAmAnyaM dravyamA vizeSamAtramiva pratipadyemahi,sAmAnyavizeSAtmano dravyaparyAyAtmakasya jAtyantarasyopalabdhaH, pravartamAnasya ca tatprApte:, anyathA'rthakriyAnupapatte: |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.65 44. na hi svalakSaNamarthakriyAsamartha, kramayogapadyavirodhAta, sAmAnyavat / na tatra kramayogapadye sambhavata; pariNAmAbhAvAt / kramAkramayo : pariNAmena vyAptatvAta, sarvathA'pyapariNAmina : kSaNikasya nityasya vA tadvirodhasiddheH |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR.65-66

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362 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA artha meM hI artha kriyA kA honA upapanna hai,kyoMki yaha utpAda,vyaya evaM dhrauvya se yukta hotA hai ataH pUrva AkAra kA parihAra, uttara AkAra kI prApti evaM dravya rUpa meM avasthita Adi pariNAmoM ke rUpa meM arthakriyA kA honA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha meM hI saMbhava hai| 5 vAdidevasUri pratipAdita karate haiM ki sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha pramANa kA viSaya hotA hai, yaha pratyakSa se pratipanna hai hI ,kintu anumAna se bhI yaha siddha hai,kyoMki anuvRtti evaM vyAvRtti pratyaya kI abAdhita pravRtti sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha meM hI ho sakatI hai, anyatra nhiiN|46 samIkSaNa ___ bauddha dArzanikoM ne svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa ke rUpa meM jina do prameyoM kI sthApanA kI , unake svarUpa kA khaNDana karanA jaina dArzanikoM kA mukhya pratipAdya nahIM rahA ,kintu bauddhoM dvArA jina AdhAroM para pramANa kA viSaya svIkAra kiyA gayA unakA khaNDana karanA jaina dArzanikoM ke lie abhipreta rhaa| svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa ke pRthak prameyatva kA khaNDana bhI jaina dArzanikoM kA viSaya rahA tathA unhoMne yaha balapUrvaka pratipAdita kiyA ki pramANa kA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka athavA dravyaparyAyAtmaka artha hotA hai na ki svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa artha / svalakSaNa ko bauddha dArzanika arthakriyAkArI hone se paramArthasat mAnate haiM tathA use hI pramukha prameya ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karate haiM ,kintu jaina dArzanika svalakSaNa ke kSaNika hone ke kAraNa usameM arthakriyA sAmarthya kA pratiSedha karate haiN| jainadArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka athavA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha meM hI arthakriyA kA honA saMbhava hai ,ekAnta kSaNika svalakSaNa meM nahIM / kSaNika svalakSaNa meM krama se evaM yugapad donoM prakAra se arthakriyA kA honA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM hetuphalabhAva nahIM bana pAtA tathA akSaNikatA kA doSa bhI AtA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki svalakSaNa kSaNoM kA nirhetuka vinAza hotA hai ataH unakI kSaNikatA meM anya nimitta kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / svalakSaNa-kSaNoM meM arthakriyA kisa prakAra hotI hai, ise bauddhadArzanika spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki svalakSaNa-kSaNa svayaM samApta hokara naye svalakSaNa kSaNa ko janma de jAte haiM, yahI unakI arthakriyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM jisa prakAra ke pRthak astitva vAle 'sAmAnya' nAmaka padArtha kA pratipAdana huA hai vaisA sAmAnya padArtha na bauddha dArzanikoM ko mAnya hai aura na jaina-dArzanikoM ko / bauddha dArzanikoM ne sAmAnya' yA 'jAti' ke khaNDanArtha-paryApta cintana kara prabala tarka prastuta kiye haiM, tathA atadvyAvRttisvarUpa 'apoha' se sAmAnyalakSaNa artha ko siddha kiyA hai| bauddhadArzanika kSaNikavAdI haiM, ve svalakSaNa-kSaNa ko hI paramArthasat mAnane vAle haiN| svalakSaNa-kSaNa eka dUsare se 45. anuvRttavyAvRttapratyayagocaratvAt, pUrvottarAkAraparihArAvAptisthitilakSaNapariNAmenArthakriyopapattezca |-priikssaamukh, 4.2 46. syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR.726

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prameya pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa atyanta vyAvRtta rahate haiM / isa prakAra bauddha mata meM anugatAkAra kI pratIti karAne vAle 'sAmAnya' nAmaka padArtha ko mAnanA ekadama asaMbhava evaM anucita thA / svalakSaNa kSaNoM meM hI apoha ke kAraNa sAdRzya kA bodha unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu usa sAdRzya jJAna ko bhrAnta mAnA hai / bhrAnta mAnate hue bhI kabhI kabhI usa sadRzatAyukta sAmAnyalakSaNa artha se arthakriyAsamartha svalakSaNa kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai, isalie use bauddhadArzanikoM ne saMvRtisat ke rUpa meM svIkAra bhI kiyA hai / dharmakIrti Adi dArzanika kahate haiM ki svalakSaNa kSaNoM kI santAna meM ekatva yA sAdRzya kA jJAna hone lagatA hai jo vastutaH asat hai / jaina dArzanika bauddhadArzanikoM ke apohavAda se sahamata nahIM haiM tathA nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke sAmAnya ko bhI pRthak padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane ke lie tatpara nahIM haiM tathApi ve vibhinna vastuoM yA eka hI vastu kI paryAyoM (avasthAoM) meM samAnadharmoM ke kAraNa hone vAlI samAnatA ke jJAna kA pratiSedha nahIM karate haiM / ve 'sAmAnya' nAmaka pRthak padArtha kA astitva svIkAra na karate hue tathA samAna guNadharmoM pratyeka vastu meM svIkAra karate hue 'samAnatA' kA jJAna kara lete haiM / 363 mahattvapUrNa vicAraNIya bindu yaha hai ki bauddhadArzanikoM ne jisa svalakSaNa ko arthakriyAsamartha hone se paramArthasat kahA hai tathA jise pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya pratipAdita kiyA hai usakI siddhi anumAnapramANa kA avalambana liye binA nahIM kI jA sktii| anumAna pramANa se hI kSaNabhaMgavAda athavA svalakSaNa-kSaNa kI siddhi kI jA sakatI hai, indriya pratyakSa Adi se svalakSaNa-kSaNa ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / svalakSaNa ke dRzya evaM prApya kSaNa ke ekatva kA adhyavasAya karane para hI usakA pramANatva siddha hotA hai jo nirvikalpaka nahIM raha pAtA hai / saMvRtisat ko svIkAra kiye binA paramArthasat kA pratipAdana karanA saMbhava nahIM thA / paramArthasat svalakSaNa ko bauddha dArzanikoM ne zabda ke dvArA anabhidheya kahA hai, ataH saMvRtisat ke dvArA hI paramArthasat kA abhidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra bauddha dArzanikoM ne saMbhavataH 'asatye vartmani sthitvA tataH satyaM samIhate' vAkya ko sArthaka kiyA hai| pramANa- phala pramANa ke sAtha usake phala kI carcA bhI anivArya rUpa se jur3I huI hai| vaidika evaM zramaNa sabhI darzana pramANa ke sAtha phala kI bhI carcA karate haiM / bauddha darzana meM pramANa- phala jaina evaM bauddha donoM darzana pramANa evaM usake phala ko jJAnarUpa mAnate haiN| pramANa evaM pramiti (phala) donoM ko jJAnAtmaka svIkAra karane para yaha samasyA uThatI hai ki pramANa evaM phala donoM jaba jJAnAtmaka haiM to unameM phira kyA bheda hai ? bauddha dArzanikoM ne pramANa evaM pramiti ke svarUpa meM bheda

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364 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA sthApita karate hue jJAna meM rahe hue arthasArUpya ko pramANa tathA arthAdhigati ko phala" kahakara donoM meM bhinnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yadyapi jJAna eka hai, tathApi usake do pahalU haiM-eka pramANAtmaka tathA dUsarA pramANa-phalAtmaka / jaba hama kisI bAhya artha kA jJAna karate haiM to hamAre jJAna meM bAhya artha kA AkAra gRhIta hotA hai athavA hamArA jJAna bAhya artha se sArUpya rakhatA hai,tabhI hameM bAhya artha kA vAstavika jJAna ho pAtA hai| bAhya artha kA jJAna honA pramANa kA phala hai tathA usake AkAra kA jJAna meM pratibhAsa honA pramANa hai| bauddha dArzanika diinAga ne jJAna ke vyApArAtmaka svarUpa ko pramANa kahakara usake viSayAbhAsa svarUpa kI ora hI saMketa kiyA hai| diDnAga kahate haiM ki jaba bAhya artha prameya hotA hai to jJAna kI viSayAkAratA hI pramANa kahI jAtI hai,kyoMki usa prameya kA jJAna viSayAkAratA se hotA hai| jaise jaise artha kA AkAra zuklAdi rUpa se jJAna meM pratibhAsita hotA hai vaise vaise vaha artha zuklAdi rUpa meM pratIta hotA jAtA hai|51 dharmakIrti ne bhI nyAyabinda meM jJAna ko pramANa evaM phala svIkAra karate hae usake dvArA hone vAlI arthapratIti ko pramANa kA phala tathA artha-sArUpya ko pramANa kahA hai|52 pramANavArtika meM unhoMne viSayAkAratA ko pramANa tathA artha-saMvida ko pramANa-phala pratipAdita karate hue unakA bAhyArthavAda ke sAtha vijJAnavAda meM bhI vyavasthApana kiyA hai / dharmakIrti kI racanA 'nyAyabindu' pUrNarUpeNa sautrAntika mata ko jJApita karatI hai jabaki 'pramANavArtika' meM vijJAnavAda kA bhI samyak pratipAdana huA hai| vijJAnavAda ke anurUpa pramANa,prameya evaM pramiti kA vyavasthApana diinAga ne bhI kiyA hai, kintu dharmakIrti ne usako bhalIbhAMti pratiSThita kiyA hai|54 dharmakIrti kahate haiM 'iSTa yA aniSTa bAhya artha apane sarUpa jJAna kA kAraNa hotA huA usa jJAna kA viSaya banatA hai, taba usa jJAna meM iSTa yA aniSTa AkAra ke rUpa meM bAhya artha kA anubhava hotA hai / isa jJAna meM viSaya kA sArUpya pramANa tathA bAhyArtha 47. arthasArUpyamasya pramANam |-nyaaybindu, 1.20 48. arthapratItirUpatvAt |-nyaaybindu, 1.19 49. savyApArapratItatvAt pramANa phalameva sat |-prmaannsmuccy, 1.9 50. viSayAkAratavAsya pramANaM tena mIyate |-prmaannsmuccy, 1.10 51. yathA yathA hyarthasyAkAraH zumAditvena jJAne pratibhAti tattadrUpa: sa viSayaH pratIyate / - diGnAga vAkya, uddhRta Dignaga, on perception, p. 104.44 evaM tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA, bhAga-1, pR.483-84 52. draSTavya, uparyukta pAdaTippaNa 47-48 53. yadAbhAsaM prameyaM tatpramANamatha tatphalam / grAhakAkArasaMvittI trayaM nAta: pRthak kRtam ||-prmaannsmuccy, 1.11 54. draSTavya pramANavArtika 2.320 se 2.373.eka kArikA yathA avibhAgo'pi budayAtmaviparyAsitadarzanaH / grAhyagrAhakasaMvittibhedavAniva lakSyate ||-prmaannvaartik,2.354

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 365 kA jJAna phala hai|5 isI prakAra jaba jJAnAMza meM viplava ke kAraNa artha kI vyavasthiti kA jJAna hotA hai to jJAna ko saviSaya jAnanA cAhie / taba usa jJAna meM rahI huI viSayAkAratA pramANa hai tathA jJAnAkAratA ke anubhava rUpajo artha kA nizcaya hai,vaha pramANa phala hai|56 isa prakAra viSayAkAratA yA arthasArUpya pramANa tathA viSayAdhigati yA arthAdhigati phala hai| zAntarakSita, kamalazIla Adi ne vijJAnavAda ke pakSa meM svasaMvitti ko phala tathA svasaMvedana kI yogyatA ko pramANa kahA hai tathA bAhyArtha ke pakSa meM viSayAdhigati ko pramANaphala tathA viSaya-sArUpya ko pramANa svIkAra kiyA hai|57 isa prakAra jJAna ko pramANa evaM phala donoM rUpoM meM svIkAra karate hue bhI bauddhadArzanika ApekSika dRSTi se usameM kathaJcit bheda kA pratipAdana karate hue donoM kA vyavasthApana karate haiN| vyavasthApya-vyavasthApaka bhAva artha-sArUpya ko pramANa evaM arthAdhigati ko phala pratipAdita karate hue bauddha dArzanikoM ne unameM vyavasthApya-vyavasthApaka bhAva se sAdhana evaM sAdhya kA dyotana kiyA hai,janya-janaka bhAva se nhiiN|58 mImAMsakoM evaM naiyAyikoM ne pramANa tathA phala meM janya-janakabhAva svIkAra kiyA hai| bauddha dArzanikoM ne eka hI jJAna meM pramANa evaM phala kI vyavasthA karane ke lie arthasArUpya ko pramANa kaha kara use vyavasthApaka tathA arthAdhigati ko phala kaha kara use vyavasthApya pratipAdita kiyA hai, tathA isase pratikarma yA pratiniyata vyavasthA kA saMcAlana mAnA hai / tadutpatti, tadrUpatA evaM tadadhyavasAya pramANa evaM phala meM vyavyasthApya-vyavasthApaka bhAva svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI bauddha darzana meM tadutpatti,tadrUpatA evaM tadadhyavasAya zabdoM kA Agamana huA / maiM jisa vastu kA jJAna kara rahA hUM usakA jJAna vastusarUpa arthAt tadrUpa kaise ho jAtA hai ? isakA samAdhAna karane ke lie bauddha dArzanika kahate haiM ki amuka jJAna amuka vastu se utpanna hotA hai / jJAna kI utpatti meM vastu arthAt 'artha' kAraNa hai / artha se utpanna hone ke kAraNa hI jJAna meM artha kA sArUpya kiMvA tAdrUpya AtA hai,aura tAdrUpya Ane 55. yadA niSpannataddhAva iSTA'niSTo'pi vA paraH / vijJaptiheturviSayastasyAzcAnubhavastathA ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.338 56. yadA saviSayaM jJAnaM jJAnAMze'rthavyavasthite: / tadA ya AtmAnubhava : sa evArthavinizcayaH ||- pramANavArtika, 2.339 57.viSayA'dhigatimAtra pramANaphalamiSyate / svavittirvA pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vA ||-ttvsnggrh, 1343 58. (1) na cAtra janyajanakabhAvanibandhana : sAdhyasAdhanabhAva : , yenaikasmin vastuni virodha : syAt , apitu vyavasthApyavyavasthApakabhAvena |-dhrmottr,nyaaybindttiikaa,1.21 pR.88 (2) draSTavya, vyavasthApyavyavasthApakabhAvena sAdhyasAdhanavyavasthA notpAdyotpAdakabhAvena / - tattvasamahapaJjikA, 1345, pR.488 59. vyavasthApanaheturhi sArUpyaM tasya jJAnasya / vyavasthApyaM ca nIlasaMvedanarUpam |-nyaayvinduttiikaa, 1.21, pR. 88

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366 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA para vastu kA adhyavasAya hotA hai| samAsataH kaheM to tadutpatti se tAdrUpya evaM tAdrUpya se tadadhyavasAya hotA hai / jisa nIlavastu se jJAna kI utpatti hotI hai vaha jJAna nIla vastu ke sarUpa hotA hai tathA nIlAkAra hone se nIla vastu kA nIlarUpa meM adhyavasAya hotA hai|6deg vastutaH tadutpatti evaM tAdrUpya se hI pratiniyata vyavasthA zakya hotI hai| jaina darzana meM pramANa-phala jaina darzana meM jJAna kA AvirbhAva jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama athavA kSaya se mAnA gayA hai| usameM artha, Aloka Adi ko kAraNa nahIM mAnA gyaa|61 jaina dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki hameM artha kI upasthiti meM bhI usakA jJAna nahIM hotA hai, yadi tatsambaddha jJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSayopazama nahIM ho to|62 isalie jaina dArzanikoM ne viSayAdhigati ko sIdhA pramANa-phala nahIM kahakara tatsambaddha ajJAnanivRtti ko pramANa kA phala kahA hai / 62 hameM ghaTa' kA jJAna huA hai / isakA artha hai ghaTa sambandhI ajJAna kI nivRtti huI hai| ajJAnanivRtti ke rUpa meM pramANa-phala kA kathana saMbhavataH jainAgamoM se saMgati biThAne ke lie kiyA gayA hai, anyathA sva evaM artha kA nizcaya karanA bhI pramANa kA phala hai / 64 pramANa-phala ko jaina darzana meM do prakAra kA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai - (1) anantara athavA sAkSAt phala tathA (2) paramparA phala" / pratyakSa,anumAna Adi samasta pramANoM kA sAkSAt phala ajJAnanivRtti hai|66 paramparAphala ko punaH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| kevalajJAna kA paramparA-phala upekSAbuddhi hai tathA anya samasta jJAnoM yA pramANoM kA paramparA phala hAna,upAdAna evaM upekSA buddhi hai|68 isa prakAra jainadArzanikoM ne pramANa-phala se ajJAnanivRtti ke rUpa meM prameya kA jJAna honA to svIkAra kiyA hI hai sAtha hI usa pramitArtha ke grahaNa karane,tyAgane athavA upekSA buddhi rakhane ko bhI 60. pramANavArtika , 2.320-325 61. nArthAloko kAraNaM paricchedyatvAt tamovat / - parIkSAmukha, 2.6 62. jenadarzanAnusAra matijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama (kamI) se indriyajanya jJAna hotA hai / 63.(1) pramANasya phalaM sAkSAdajJAnavinivartanam / - siddhasena, nyAyAvatAra, 28 (2) svArthavyavasitau vyApriyamANaM hi pramANamajJAnanivRttiM sAdhayet |-vidyaannd, pramANaparIkSA, pR.66.22 (3) vedAnta meM pramANa kI phalavyApyatA svIkAra nahIM kI gayI hai / brahmajJAna meM pramANa yA zAstra kI upayogitA nahIM hai, kintu pramANa yA zAstra ajJAnanivRtti meM upayogI hai, yathAphalavyApyatvamevAsya zAstrakadirnivAritam / brahmaNyajJAnanAzAya vRttivyAptirapekSitA || surezvarAcArya ,uddhRta, vedAntasAra, pR. 233 64. pramANasya phalaM sAkSAtsiddhiH svArthavinizcayaH |-aklngk siddhivinizcaya, 1.3 65. tad dvividhamAnantaryeNa pAramparyeNa ca |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 6.2 66. tatrAnantaryeNa sarvapramANAnAmajJAnanivRttiH phlm| - pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.3 67. pAramparyeNa kevalajJAnasya tAvatphalamaudAsInyam / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.4 68.(1)zeSapramANAnAM pnrupaadaanhaanopekssaabddhyH|-prmaannnytttvaalok.6.5 (2)samantabhadrAcArya ne samasta pramANoM ke phaloM kA isa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai - upekSA phalamAdyasya zeSasyAdAnahAnadhIH / pUrvA vA'jJAnanAzo vA sarvasyAsya svagocare ||-aaptmiimaaNsaa.102

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 367 pramANa-phala meM samAviSTa kara liyA hai, jo nyAyadarzana se sAmya rakhatA hai| isI prakAra akalaGkane avagraha, IhA, avAya evaM dhAraNA meM kramazaH pUrva pUrva ko pramANa tathA uttara uttara ko phala rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / 69 bauddha dArzanikoM ke samAna jainadArzanikoM ne bhI pramANa evaM usake phala ko jJAnAtmaka svIkAra kiyA hai| jainadArzanikoM ke sAmane bhI bauddhoM kI bhAMti pramANa evaM phala meM bheda sthApita karane kI samasyA uThI to jaina dArzanikoM ne unheM kathaJcit bhinna evaM kathaJcit abhinna siddha kiyaa| jainadArzanika kahate haiM ki yadyapi pramANa kA sAkSAt phala ajJAnanivRtti svaparavyavasAyI jJAna se abhinna pratIta hotA hai, kintu pramANa sAdhana evaM ajJAnanivRtti svaparavyavasiti rUpa sAdhya hai| inameM sAdhya-sAdhana kI pratIti hone se ye donoM kathaJcit bhinna haiN| isI prakAra hAna ,upAdAna evaM upekSA buddhi pramANa se bhinna pratIta hotI hai tathApi eka hI pramAtA dvArA pramANa evaM hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhi rUpa phala kI pratIti hotI hai,isalie unameM kathaJcit abheda bhI hai|72 eka hI pramAtA AtmA kA pramANarUpa pariNamana hone ke pazcAt phalarUpa pariNamana pratIta hotA hai ,isalie phala evaM pramANa kA kathaJcit abheda mAnA jA sakatA hai 2 tathA pramANa kI karaNa rUpa meM,phala kI sAdhya rUpa meM evaM pramAtA kI kartA rUpa meM pratIti hotI hai, isalie ve kathaJcit bhinna bhI haiN| vidyAnanda, vAdidevasUri Adi kA mantavya hai ki yadi pramANa evaM phala kathaJcit bhinna evaM kathaJcit abhinna na hoM to pramANa evaM phala kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| jainadarzana meM prameya do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai-sva evaM para / jaba jJAna hI prameya ho to vaha 'sva' tathA jaba bAhya artha prameya ho to use 'para' kahA gayA hai / jJAna ko para prakAzaka mAnane ke sAtha usakA svaprakAzaka honA bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / isalie kabhI jJAna bhI prameya rUpa ho sakatA hai / jJAna ko prameya mAna lene para prameya,pramANa,pramiti evaM pramAtA sabhI jJAnAtmaka ho jAte haiM / tathApi jaina dArzanika vyavasthA kI dRSTi se sAdhya, sAdhana, kArya evaM kartA ke rUpa meM unameM 69. (1) pUrvapUrvapramANatvaM phalaM syAduttarottaram / laghIyastraya,7 (2) paurvAparyeNa smpraaptprmaannphllkssnnaaH|-siddhivinishcy, 2.15 (3) nyAyadarzana meM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa, indriya pramANa kA phala tathA savikalpaka pratyakSa kA pramANa hai, aadi|-trk bhASA (kezavamizra), pratyakSa niruupnn| 70. (1) pramANaphalayoH kramabhede'pi tAdAtmyamabhinnaviSayatvaJca pratyeyam / laghIyastrayavRtti, 6, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR0 3 (2) pramANAdbhinnamabhinnaM c|-priikssaamukh, 5.2 (3) pramANaparIkSA, pR066 (4) pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.6 71. (1) tasyApi kathaJcit bhedaprasiddheH pramANaphalayoH sAdhanabhedAt |-prmaannpriikssaa, pR066 (2) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga 3, pR0502-513 72. tasyaikapramAtRtAdAtmyena pramANAdabhedavyavasthitiH / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.8 73. pramANatayA pariNatasyaivAtmanaH phalatayA prinntiprtiiteH|-prmaannnytttvaalok.6.9 74. sAdhyasAdhanabhAvena pramANaphalayoH prtiiymaantvaat|- pramANanayatattvAloka,6.14 75. pramANAtphalaM kathaJjina bhinnamabhinna ca, pramANaphalatvAnapapatteH |-prmaannpriikssaa, pa066 76. itarathA svaparayoH pramANaphalavyavasthAviplavaH prasajyeta / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.11

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368 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA kathaJcit bheda svIkAra karate haiN| hemacandrAcArya ne avazya dharmakIrti ke anusAra pramANa evaM phala meM vyavasthApya evaM vyavasthApaka bhAva batalAyA hai| kintu hemacandrAcArya ke pUrva jainadArzanikoM ne isakA khaNDana kiyA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddha sammata sAkAravAda, arthAkAravAda athavA sArUpyavAda kA prabala khaNDana kara use pratikarmavyavasthA ke lie vRthA siddha kiyA hai| arthakAraNatA evaM arthAkAratA (arthasArUpya) kA nirasana jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAna ko sAkAra mAnakara bhI use arthAkAra svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / ve artha ko jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa bhI nahIM mAnate haiM, tathA arthAkAratA arthAt arthasArUpya ko pratiniyata-vyavasthA meM pramANa bhI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / jainadArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki jJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se svayaM jJAna meM aisI yogyatA hotI hai ki vaha pratiniyata artha kA prakAzaka hotA hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka ghaTa ke AkAra ko grahaNa kiye binA ghaTa ko prakAzita karatA hai usI prakAra jJAna bhI bAhya artha kA AkAra grahaNa kiye binA hI usakA prakAzana kara detA hai| arthakA AkAra grahaNa na karane kI dRSTi se jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAna ko nirAkAra kahA hai / jJAnAvaraNa karma kA pUrNakSaya hone para jainadarzana ke anusAra binA indriyoM ke, jagat ke samasta padArthoM kA svataH jJAna ho jAtA hai tathA kSayopazama (pUrNakSaya nahIM) hone para indriyAdi ke mAdhyama se purovartI bAhyArtha kA jJAna hotA hai usake lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki jJAna meM bAhya artha kA AkAra pratibimbita ho / isalie jaina dArzanika bauddha sammata sAkArajJAnavAda ko pramANa evaM pramiti ke vyavasthApana ke lie Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiM / jainadArzanika akalaGka, vidyAnanda, vAdirAja, abhayadevasUri, evaM prabhAcandra dvArA kiyA gayA sAkAravAda yA arthAkAratA ke khaNDana kI carcA yahAM saMkSepa meM prastuta hai| akalaGka-akalaGkane yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jJAna svayaM apanI zakti se artha kA pratiniyata vyavasthApaka hotA hai,usake lie artha ko kAraNa mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM hai / ve jJAna kI arthAkAratA kA to nirAsa karate hI haiM, sAtha hI jJAna ke utpanna hone meM usakI kAraNatA kA bhI nirasana karate haiN| 77. draSTavya, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga-1, pR09 78. ekajJAnagatatvena pramANaphalayorabhedo, vyavasthApyavyavasthApakabhAvAttu bheda iti bhedAbhedarUpaH |-prmaannmiimaaNsaavRtti, 1.1.37, pR030 79. jainAgamoM meM evaM darzanagranthoM meM jJAna ko sAkAra evaM darzana ko nirAkAra kahA gayA hai, yathA - (1) sAgAre se jANe bhavati aNAgAre se daMsaNe bhavati |-prjnyaapnaasuutr , pada 30, sUtra 663 (2) sAkAraM jJAnamanAkAraM darzanamiti |-srvaarthsiddhi, 2.9 80.(1) svAvaraNakSayopazamalakSaNayogyatayA hi pratiniyatamartha vyavasthApayati / - parIkSAmukha, 2.9 (2) pratyarthamAvaraNavicchedApekSayA jJAnasya pricchedktvaat|-lghiiysvyvRtti, 56, akalamaMthanaya, pR0 19.20 81. atajanyamapi tatAkAzakaM prdiipvt|-priikssaamukh, 2.8 82. sarvaprakAzasAmarthya jJAnAvaraNasaMkSayAt |-nyaayvinishcy, 359 83.(1) tdindriyaanindriynimittm| tattvArthasatra, 1.14 (2) yathAsvaM karmakSayopazamApekSiNI karaNamanasI nimittaM vijJAnasya na bahirAdayaH |-lghiiystryvRtti, 57,akalaGka - dhatraya, pR019.26

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 369 akalaGka ke anusAra jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama yA kSaya se utpanna huA jJAna svayaM niyata artha kA prakAzaka hotA hai / 4 artha ke prakAzana meM ve indriya,mana Adi ko nimitta svIkAra karate haiM, kintu bAhya arthAdi ko nhiiN|5 indriya,mana Adi ko nimitta svIkAra karanA AgamApekSa to hai hI,kintu vyAvahArika bhI hai| kyoMki indriya,mana Adi ke nimitta se hI matijJAna athavA bAhya arthoM kA jJAna saMbhava hotA hai| akalaGkane pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jJAna artha se utpanna nahIM hotA hai,ataHuse arthAkAra mAnanA yukti saMgata nahIM hai / jJAna kI arthakAraNatA evaM arthAkAratA kA pratiSedha karane hetu akalaGkane aneka tarka die haiM tathA kSAyopazamika jJAna ko hI niyata prameya kA prakAzaka siddha kiyA hai / akalaGka kahate haiM ki jJAna meM artha ko jAnane kI svataH yogyatA hotI hai|86 vaha artha se utpanna hokara artha ko nahIM jAnatA,kyoMki artha jJAna kA viSaya hai / jisa prakAra pradIpa ghaTa se utpanna hue binA ghaTa kA prakAzaka hotA hai| usI prakAra jJAna bhI artha se utpanna na hote hue bhI artha kA prakAzaka hotA hai / jJAna kI utpatti meM artha kAraNa nahIM hai,kyoMki jJAna, indriya evaM mana ke nimitta se utpanna hotA hai| yaha artha hai' aisA to hameM jJAna hotA hai, kintu yaha jJAna artha se utpanna huA hai,aisA jJAna nahIM hotA / 88 isalie jJAna ko artha se utpanna batalAnA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / yadi jJAna artha se utpanna hotA to kulAla Adi ke dvArA ghaTa kI utpatti ke samAna isakI utpatti meM bhI vivAda na hotA / yadi artha jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa hotA to kisI ko kabhI viparIta pratipatti athavA prAntajJAna nahIM hotaa| phira zvetazaMkha meM pItAkAra zaMkha kI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI thI tathA marane ke icchuka puruSa ko artha ke sadbhAva meM bhI viparIta jJAna nahIM ho sakatA thaa| yadi artha ke sAtha jJAna kI utpatti kA anvaya -vyatireka sambandha hotA to saMzayAdi kI utpatti bhI saMbhava nahIM thii|90 artha ko jJAna kI utpatti meM isalie bhI kAraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA,kyoMki artha jJAnotpatti rUpa kArya ke pahale hI nivRtta ho jAtA hai,tathA jJAna artha ke nivRtta hone para bhI yA abhAva meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jJAna kI utpatti ke pUrva artha ajJAta rahatA hai.ataH ajJAta artha ko 84. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 80(2) 85. draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa 83(2) 86. arthagrahaNaM yogyatAlakSaNam-laghIyastrayavRtti, 5, akalaGkagaMdhatraya, pR0 2.24 87.ardhasya tadakAraNatvAt tasya indriyAnindriyanimittatvAt / arthasya viSayatvAt / na hi tatparicchedyo'rthaH tatkAraNatAmA tmasAt kuryAt pradIpasyeva ghaTAdiH / - laSIyasvayavRtti, 52, akalaGkagaMdhatraya, pR0 18.12-13 88.ayamartha iti jJAnaM vidyAnnotpattimarthataH / __ anyathA na vivAdaH syAt kulAlAdighaTAdivat ||-lghiiytry,53 -89. kAcAdyupahitendriyANAM zaMkhAdI pItAdyAkArajJAnotpatteH mumUrSANAM yathAsambhavamace satyapi viparItapratipattisadbhAvAt nArthAdayaH kAraNaM jJAnasyeti sthitm|-lssiiysvyvRtti, 7,akalAMdhatraya, pR0 20.2 90. anvayavyatirekAbhyAmarthazcet kAraNaM vidH| saMzayAdividutpAdaH kautaskuta itIkSyatAm ||-lssiiyly,54 / 91. nArthaH kAraNaM vijJAnasya kAryakAlamaprApya nivRtteH atItatamovat |-lghiiysvyvRtti, 58,akalatraya, pa0208

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jJAnotpatti meM kAraNa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai| 12 isalie artha ko yA arthasannikarSa ko jJAnotpatti meM kAraNa kahanA ucita nahIM hai| jisa prakAra artha apane kAraNoM se utpanna hokara svataH paricchedya banatA hai usI prakAra jJAna bhI apane kSayopazamAdi kAraNoM se utpanna hokara artha kA svataH paricchedaka hotA hai / 93 jJAna meM hI aisI yogyatA hai ki vaha artha kA pratiniyata jJAna kara sakatA hai| isalie tadutpatti (arthotpannatA) ke abhAva meM bhI grAhya-grAhaka bhAva kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / 94 370 akalaGka kahate haiM ki jJAna meM arthasArUpya yA arthAkAratA nahIM hotI, kyoMki jJAna amUrta hotA hai evaM artha mUrta hotA hai / mUrta darpaNa Adi ko mUrta mukhAdi kA pratibimba dhAraNa karate hue dekhA jA sakatA hai, kintu amUrta jJAna mUrta padArtha ke pratibimba ko dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA / jJAna amUrta hai, kyoMki usameM mUrtatA ke lakSaNoM kA abhAva hai| isalie jJAna arthasArUpya yukta nahIM hotA / 15 jiMsa prakAra bauddha dArzanika zabda meM artha svIkAra nahIM karate haiM tathA zabda ko arthAtmaka bhI nahIM mAnate haiM; usI prakAra jJAna meM bhI artha nahIM hotA hai aura jJAna arthAtmaka bhI nahIM hotA hai, jisase artha ke pratibhAsita hone para jJAna pratibhAsita ho / ' .96 isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra tadutpatti, tadAkAratA evaM tadadhyavasAya ko pramANa-vyavasthA kA kAraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki ye saba milakara bhI prAmANya ke kAraNa nahIM haiM tathA pRthak pRthak bhI prAmANya ke kAraNa nahIM hai / 97 akalaGka kahate haiM ki jo doSa bauddha dArzanika 'sAmAnya' meM dete haiM tathA sAmAnya ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, ve hI doSa 'sArUpya' meM bhI Ate haiM, kyoMki vaha sArUpya bhI asat evaM kAlpanika hai 1 98 bauddha kA nirasana karate hue akalaGka kahate haiM ki arthasArUpya yA pratibimba ke binA bhI jJAna meM artha ko prakAzita karane kI svataH yogyatA hai / tAdrUpya ke binA bhI artha meM grAhya evaM jJAna meM grAhakabhAva sampAdita ho jAtA hai / " viSayajJAna kA jJAna bhI tAdrUpya ke binA hI saMbhava hotA hai / 100 92. prAvijJAnotpatterarthamanavabuddhyamAnAH kAraNamakAraNaM vA kathaM bruyuH / -laghIyastrayavRtti, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR0 19.10 93. svahetujanito'pyarthaH paricchedyaH svato yathA / tathA jJAnaM svahetUtvaM paricchedAtmakaM svataH // -laghIyastraya, 59 94. tatastadutpattimantareNApi grAhyagrAhaka bhAvasiddhiH svabhAvataH syAt / - laghIyastrayavRtti, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR0 20.19 95. nArthasArUpyabhRdddvijJAnam amUrtatvAt / mUrtA eva hi darpaNAdayaH mUrtamukhAdipratibimba dhAriNo dRSTAH nAmUrta mUrtapratibimba bhRt amUrtaM ca jJAnaM mUrtidharmAbhAvAt / - laghIyastrayavRtti, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR0 20.9-11 96. na hi jJAne'rtho'sti tadAtmako vA yena tasmin pratibhAsamAne pratibhAseta zabdavat / - laghIyastrayavRtti, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR0 2011-12 97. na tajjanma na tAdrUpyaM na tadvyavasitiH saha / pratyekaM vA bhajantIha prAmANyaM prati hetutAm ||-lghiiystry, 58 98. sArUpye'pi samanveti prAyaH sAmAnyadUSaNam / - nyAyavinizcaya, 1.28 99. prakAzaniyamo hetorbuddherna pratibimbataH / antareNApi tAdrUpyaM grAhyagrAhakayoH satoH // - nyAyavinizcaya, 1.33 100. viSayajJAnatajjJAnavizeSo'nena veditaH / grAhyabhedo na saMvitti bhinatyAkArabhaGgyapi // - nyAyavinizcaya, 1.38

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 371 dharmakIrti ke dvArA diyA gayA pitRrUpa hetu bhI ucita nahIM hai,kyoMki garbha evaM usakI utpatti sAkSAt pitA ke rUpa meM anukaraNa nahIM karatI hai / 01 ____ arthasArUpya ko pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki arthasArUpya ke hone para bhI prAmANya meM vyabhicAra AtA hai / viSaya yA artha ko kAraNa mAnane para jJAna meM koI vaiziSTya nahIM AtA hai,yadi koI vaiziSTaya AtA hai to nIla artha kI nIlAkAratA ke samAna jJAna meM jaDAkAratA kA bhI sArUpya svIkAranA caahie|02 akalaGka kahate haiM ki jisa artha kA sArUpya grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai,vaha sArUpya usa artha kI evaM tatsadRza arthoM kI aneka santAnoM meM saMbhava hai, ataH artha se utpanna sArUpya meM vyabhicAra AtA hai| jaba sArUpya meM vyabhicAra AtA hai to usa sArUpya se pratiniyata artha kA adhyavasAya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|03 vidyAnanda-vidyAnanda ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sArUpya ko pramANa tathA adhigati ko phala mAnate hue inako ekAntataH abhinna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 04 vidyAnanda bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki yadi inameM kAlpanika bheda pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai to niraMza jJAna meM pramANa evaM phala ye do rUpa kalpita karane kA koI vizeSa hetu saMbhava nahIM hai|05 yadi asArUpya kI vyAvRtti se sArUpya tathA anadhigatavyAvRtti se adhigata kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai to isa prakAra daridra puruSa meM arAjya kI vyAvRtti hone se rAjya tathA anindra kI vyAvRtti hone se indra kI bhI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / 106 yadi pratikarmavyavasthA kI dRSTi se sArUpya kI kalpanA kI gayI hai to ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSAdi pramANoM meM jo arthasArUpya mAnA gayA hai usase artha meM kSaNikatA kA vyavasthApana nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra nIlAkAra hone se jJAna nIla artha kA vyavasthApaka hotA hai usI prakAra use kSaNakSayAdi kA bhI vyavasthApaka honA cAhie, jise bauddha svIkAra nahIM karate haiM / 107 vidyAnanda kA mata hai ki pramANa jisa prakAra yogyatA mAtra se svayaM ko jAnatA hai usI prakAra artha ko bhI jAna letA hai / isameM pratIti kA ullaMghana nahIM hai / 108 101. (i) tadrUpAnukRtau hetuH tatsAkSAjanmataiva n| pariNAmAvinAbhAvAt garbhapitrAdirUpavat ||-siddhivinishcy, 9.25 (ii) dharmakIrti ke dvArA die gae hetu ke lie draSTavya, yahI adhyAya, pAdaTippaNa, 131 102. tatpunaH nIlatayeva jar3AtmanApi sutarAM saaruupym|-siddhivinishcyvRtti, 11.22, pR0727 103. tajjanmasArUpyalakSaNaM vyabhicarati samAnArthadarzananAnaikasantAneSu saMbhavAt / tadadhyavasAyahetutvaM ca / -siddhivini zcayavRtti, 11.22, pR0727 104. tanna sArUpyamasya pramANamadhigatiH phlmekaantto'nntrm|- tattvArthazlokavArtika, bhAga-2, pR0 393 105. tanna yuktaM niraMzAyAH saMvittedvaryarUpatAm / tAtvArthazlokavArtika, 1.6.31 106. vinA hetuvizeSeNa nAnyavyAvRttimAtrataH / kalpito'tho'rthasaMsiddhyai sarvathAtiprasaMgataH ||-tttvaarthshlokvaartik, 1.6.32 107. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.6.33-34 108. tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.6.35 For Private, & Personal Use Only

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vAdirAja - akalaGka ke vivaraNakAra vAdirAja ne bhI bauddha sammata sAkAra jJAnavAda kA nirasana kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki jar3atA nIla artha se bhinna nahIM hai| artha kI jar3atA kA jJAna bhI yadi sAkAra rUpa meM hotA hai to jJAna jar3a ho jAyegA tathA yadi jar3atA kA jJAna atadAkAra rUpa se gRhIta ho sakatA hai to phira usI prakAra nIlajJAna ko bhI nIlAkAra hue binA svIkAra karanA caahie| isa prakAra arthAkAratA kI kalpanA vyartha siddha hotI hai| 109 372 dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki jJAna yadi atadAkAra ho, to usakI smRti nahIM ho sakatI / 110 diGnAga ke anusAra viSayajJAna kA jJAna use viSayAkAra svIkAra kiye binA nahIM ho sakatA / isakA tAtparya hai ki jJAna yadi arthAkAra na ho to smaraNa meM artha kA 'yaha nIla' Adi rUpa se niyamataH smaraNa nahIM ho sakatA / kintu bauddhoM ne jisa prakAra arthAkAratA ko smRti meM kAraNa mAnA hai usI prakAra AlokAkAratA ko kyoM nahIM ? 111 yadi nIla artha ke jJAna meM Aloka kA AkAra nahIM AtA hai to nIla artha dikhAI kaise detA hai? yadi AlokAkAra kA grahaNa hue binA hI nIla artha dikhAI de jAtA hai to vAdirAja kahate haiM ki nIla artha meM bhI AkAra kI kalpanA vyartha hai| usakA bhI jJAna AkAra grahaNa kiye binA ho jAnA cAhie / 112 jJAna ko viSayAkAra mAnane para bhI nIlasaMkalita jJAna kA hI smaraNa hotA hai AlokAdisaMkalita jJAna kA nahIM, isake pIche jJAna meM usa prakAra kI zakti svIkAra karane ke atirikta koI upAya nahIM hai / 113 yadi jJAna meM viSayAkAra ko grahaNa karane kI hI zakti hai, AlokAkAra Adi ko grahaNa karane kI nahIM, to phira jJAna meM viSaya kA AkAra grahaNa karane kI zakti mAnane kI bhI kyA AvazyakatA hai? jJAna meM hI arthavizeSa ko jAnane evaM smaraNa rakhane kI svataH zakti kyoM nahIM mAna lI jAtI ? vAdirAja bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki sArUpya kA jJAna kaise hotA hai ? yadi sArUpya ko jisa jJAna ne grahaNa kiyA hai usI jJAna se sArUpya gRhIta hotA hai to vaha jJAna punaH sArUpya ko grahaNa kiye binA hI usakA jJAna kara letA hai yA sArUpya ko grahaNa karake / yadi punaH sArUpya ko grahaNa kiye binA hI sArUpya kA jJAna kara letA hai to sArUpya kI kalpanA vyartha hai / yadi vaha sArUpya ko grahaNa karatA hai to anyonyAzraya doSa AtA hai, kyoMki artha kA jJAna hue binA sArUpya kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA tathA sArUpya ke binA artha kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / sArUpyAntara kI kalpanA karane para anavasthA 109. atadAkArayA vittyA jADyasya yadi vedanam / nIlasyApi tayaiveti vyarthamAkArakalpanam // - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 677 110. anyathA tadAkAraM kathaM jJAne'dhirohati / - pramANavArtika, 2.380 111. yadi nIlasya tajjJAnAkAratvAttatsmRtau smRtiH / Aloko'pi tadAkArastasyApyeSA na kiM bhavet // - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 725 112. nIlajJAnamanAlokAkAraM cettaddRziH katham / tathApi taddRzau vyarthaM nIle'pyAkArakalpanam // - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 726 113. nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga -1, pR0 289.15-17

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prameya, pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 1 doSa AtA hai / yadi pratyakSa ke pRSThabhAvI vikalpa ke dvArA sArUpya kA jJAna hotA hai, to vaha vikalpa bhI avasturUpa hone se vastubhUta sArUpya kA jJAna nahIM kara sakatA / yadi sArUpya bhI avastubhUta hai to pratyakSa bhI avastubhUta siddha hogA, kyoMki arthasArUpya ke binA pratyakSa nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye sArUpya kI kalpanA vyartha hai / 114 vAdirAja sAkAravAda ke nirasana kA niSkarSa dete hue pratipAdita karate haiM ki bauddha tArkika dharmakIrti dvArA prameyAdhigati ke sAdhana meyarUpatA (viSayAkAratA) ko pramANa kahanA ucita nahIM haiM, kyoMki pramANa nirNayAtmaka hotA hai, 115 aura nirNayAtmaka jJAna meM artha kA jJAna pRthak rUpa se hI hotA hai / samasta prANiyoM kA yaha anubhava hai ki unhe pratyakSajJAna dvArA nIla Adi artha bAhara dikhAI dete haiM / 116. vastutaH arthasArUpyavAda kI kalpanA usI prakAra bAdhita hotI hai jisa prakAra agni ko zItala kahanA / 117 pratikarmavyavasthA nirAkAra jJAna se bhI saMbhava hai / jisa prakAra prakAza artha kA AkAra grahaNa kiye binA artha ko prakAzita karatA hai usI prakAra jJAna bhI artha sArUpya ko grahaNa kiye binA artha kA jJAna karA detA hai| isaliye sArUpya ko siddha karane kA dharmakIrti kA prayAsa vyartha hai / 118 373 abhayadevasUri-siddhasena ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne apane graMtha tattvabodhavidhAyinI meM vaibhASika bauddhoM ke nirAkAravAda kA sautrAntika bauddhoM dvArA khaNDana prastuta kiyA hai evaM sautrAntika bauddhoM ke sAkAravAda kA nirAkAra jJAnavAdiyoM ke dvArA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai / abhayadevasUri kahate haiM ki jo jisake AkAra kA nahIM hai vaha usakA grAhaka nahIM hotA hai, aisI koI vyApti siddha nahI hai / 119 AkAra to pUrvanIlakSaNa kA uttaranIlakSaNa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, kintu vaha pUrvanIlakSaNa kA grAhaka nahIM hotA hai / yadi jJAna nIlAkAra anubhava meM AtA hai isaliye artha ko nIla rUpa meM vyavasthApita kiyA jAtA hai to triloka meM vidyamAna samasta nIla arthoM kA eka sAtha jJAna ho jAnA cAhiye, kyoMki vaha sArUpya samasta nIla arthoM meM samAna hai / yadi nIlAkAratA ke samAna hone para bhI koI pratiniyama hetu hai jisase purovartI nIlAdi kA hI jJAna hotA hai to anAkAra jJAna meM bhI usa pratiniyama hetu se pratiniyata artha kI vyavasthA saMbhava ho jaayegii| 'isa prakAra jJAna meM arthAkAratA kI kalpanA vRthA hai / 120 114. nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga -1, pR0 225 115. tasmAtprameyAdhigateH sAdhanaM meyarUpatA / viduSA na vaktavyA, vaktavyA nirNayAtmatA // - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 1221 116. prasiddhAnubhavaM hIdaM yannIlAdibahirgatam / * pratyakSe pratibhAtIti sarvaprANabhRtAmapi // - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 1223 117. pratyakSeNa sa bAdhyeta pAvakAnuSNavAdavat / - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 1224 118. sArUpyamantareNApi tatrArthaniyamasthiteH / tatsAdhanaprayAso'yaM dharmakIrteratovRthA // - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, 666 119. na ca yad yadAkAraM tat tasya grAhakam" iti vyAptisiddhiH / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 464.32 120. tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 465.2-5

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA prabhAcandra - prabhAcandra ne bauddhoM ke sAkAravAda ko pUrvapakSa 121 meM rakhakara usakA vidhivat khaNDana kiyA hai| ve prameyakamalamArtaNDa evaM nyAyakumudacandra meM vividha prakAra se jJAna kI arthakAraNatA evaM usake artha sArUpya kA nirAkaraNa karate haiN| 374 pUrvapakSa- bauddhoM kA maMtavya hai ki AkAra ke abhAva meM eka jJAna kA dUsare jJAna se vyAvartana nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye yaha nIla artha kA jJAna hai, yaha pIta artha kA jJAna hai ityAdi pratikarmavyavasthA ke liye jJAna meM arthAkAratA kA honA Avazyaka hai / niyata karma vAlI adhigati ke liye arthAkAratA hI pramANa hai, kyoMki usI se pratikarma vyavasthA zakya hotI hai| 122 nirAkAra jJAna saba arthoM ke prati samAna hotA hai| usase samasta arthoM kA jJAna eka sAtha hone kI Apatti AtI hai| phalataH nirAkAra jJAna se pratikarmavyavasthA ghaTita nahIM hotI hai| vastutaH arthAkAratA ke binA jJAna ko pratiniyata artha se yojita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isaliye prameya kI adhigati kA sAdhana jo prameyAkAratA hai vaha pramANa kahI gayI hai| 123 uttarapakSa - prabhAcandra bauddhamata kA khaNDana karate hue pratipAdita karate haiM ki artha se jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA hai / vastuta: yogyatAlakSaNa se hI jJAna samakAlIna athavA bhinnakAlIna artha ko grahaNa karatA hai| jJAna ke sAkAra hone kA pratyakSa se virodha AtA hai| pratyeka puruSa ko pratyakSa jJAna dvArA viSayAkAratA se rahita ghaTAdi kA grAhaka jJAna hI anubhava meM AtA hai, darpaNAdi ke samAna pratibimbita nahIM / anumAna pramANa dvArA bhI jJAna kI arthAkAratA siddha nahIM hotI, kyoMki jo jisakA grahaNa karatA hai vaha usa rUpa nahIM hotA yathA stambhAdi kI jar3atA ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna jar3arUpa nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra apane se bhinna nIlAdi artha kA grAhaka jJAna nIlAdyAkAra nahIM hotA hai / 124 yadi jJAna viSaya ke AkAra ko dhAraNa karatA hai to dUra-nikaTa Adi kA vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA / kyoMki jaba dUra- nikaTa sthita samasta vastuoM kA AkAra jJAna meM vidyamAna hai to usa jJAna meM una vastuoM kI dUrI yA nikaTatA kA antara nahIM raha jaataa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jJAna meM vastu kA AkAra gRhIta hone para kAlavyavadhAna ke kAraNa vaha vastu dUra pratIta honI cAhiye, kyoMki usa vastu ke AkAra ke anantara jJAna meM anya vastuoM kA AkAra bhI gRhIta ho gayA hai| 125 prabhAcandra bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki jJAna kI sAkAratA se kyA Azaya hai ? svasaMvidrUpatA ko sAkAratA kahate ho, yA jJAna kA vaizadyAdi svabhAva sAkAratA hai, yA artha ke AkAra kA ullekha karanA 121. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 165-166 122. tatrAnubhavamAtreNa jJAnasya sadRzAtmanaH / bhAvyaM tenAtmanA yena pratikarma vibhajyate // - pramANavArtika, 2.302 123. arthena baTayatvenAM na hi muktvArtharUpatAm / tasmAt prameyAdhigateH pramANaM meyarUpatA || pramANavArtika 2.305-306 124. nyAyakumudacandra pR0 167 evaM prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 277 125. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 277-78

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prameya, pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa sAkAratA hai, athavA to artha ke AkAra ko dhAraNa karanA sAkAratA hai ? inameM prathama tIna vikalpa siddhasAdhya haiN| ye jainoM ko bhI abhISTa haiM kyoMki inameM se eka kA bhI abhAva hone para jJAna ko jJAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kintu jJAna meM artha kA AkAra dhAraNa kiyA jAnA upapanna nahIM hai / kyoMki nIlAdi AkAra jJAna meM saMkramita nahI hote haiN| nIlAdi artha jar3a haiM / jar3a kA dharma jJAna meM saMkramita nahIM hotA hai / 126 1 akalaGka ne jJAna meM arthAkAratA kA pratiSedha karate hue eka yaha tarka diyA hai ki jisa prakAra jJAna nIla artha kA nIla AkAra gRhIta hotA hai usI prakAra usakI jar3atA kyoM nahIM gRhIta hotI ? use bhI gRhIta honA cAhiye / akalaGka ke isa tarka ko prabhAcandra ne Age baDhAyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki eka jJAna nIlArtha kI nIlatA kA grahaNa karane ke sAtha yadi jar3atA kA bhI grahaNa karatA hai to vaha jJAna bhI uttarakSaNa kI utpatti ke niyama se jar3a ho jaayegaa| yadi nIlatA kA grahaNa svIkAra kareM evaM jar3atA kA nahIM to nIlatA se jar3atA ko bhinna mAnanA par3egA / phalasvarUpa eka artha niraMza siddha nahIM ho sakegA evaM anekAntavAda ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| yadi nIlatA kA grahaNa tadAkAra jJAna se hotA hai evaM jar3atA kA grahaNa atadAkAra jJAna se hotA hai to jar3atA ke samAna nIlatA kI pratIti bhI atadAkAra jJAna se ho sakatI hai| kyoMki donoM hI prAhya viSaya haiM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki nIlAkAra jJAna hI yadi atadAkAra hokara jar3atA kA jJAna karatA hai to 'ardhajaratI nyAya' kA doSa AtA hai| yadi jar3atA kA jJAna bhanna jJAna se hotA hai to vaha yadi use tadAkAra hokara jAnatA hai to vaha jJAna bhI jar3a ho jAyegA aura yadi vaha use atadAkAra hokara jAnatA hai, to arthAkAratA yA arthasArUpya kI kalpanA hI vyartha siddha ho jAtI hai| 127 prabhAcandra kahate haiM ki arthAkAratA ke niyamAnusAra yadi buddha bhagavAn bhI dUsaroM ke rAgAdi kA vedana karate samaya unase tadAkAra ho jAte haiM to vItarAga kaise kahe jA sakeMge ? ve vidhUtakalpanAjAla kaise ho sakeMge ? isalie tadAkAratA kA niyama ucita nahIM hai| 12 dharmakIrti kahate haiM 'arthena ghaTayatyenAM na hi muktvArtharUpatAm 129 arthAt arthAkAratA ke abhAva meM artha kA vyavasthApana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| prabhAcandra ke anusAra dharmakIrti kA yaha kathana upayukta nahIM hai / ve prazna karate haiM ki 'arthena ghaTayati' ityAdi meM ghaTayati zabda kA kyA artha hai ? vivakSita jJAnako artha se sambandhita karAnA usakA artha hai athavA artha se sambaddhajJAna kA nizcaya karAnA artha hai ? inameM prathama pakSa ayukta hai, kyoMki artharUpatA vivakSita jJAna ko artha se sambandhita nahIM karatI hai, jJAna svayaM hI apane kAraNoM dvArA artha se sambaddha hI utpanna hotA hai| jJAna utpanna hokara artha se 126. nyAyakumudacandra pR0 167 127. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 278-80 evaM nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 168 375 128. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 168 129. pramANavArtika, 2.305

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376 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA sambaddha nahIM hotA aura artharUpatA bhI use artha se sambaddha karane meM samartha nahIM hai ,kyoMki jJAna ke sAtha artharUpatA kA tAdAtmya nahIM hai / dvitIya pakSa bhI ucita nahIM ThaharatA hai ,kyoMki artha se sambaddha jJAna ke sAtha jJAnagata artharUpatA rahatI huI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai / jJAna kA artha se itanA hI sambandha hai ki vaha viziSTa viSaya kA jJAna karatA hai|930 . prabhAcandra kA kathana hai ki jJAna kI utpatti meM artha ke samAna indriyAM,Aloka Adi aura bhI aneka kAraNa hote haiM, phira jJAna artha kA hI AkAra kyoM grahaNa karatA hai,indriyAdi kA kyoM nahIM ? isake uttara meM dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra AhAra,kAla Adi aneka kAraNoM ke hone para bhI saMtAna,mAtA yA pitA meM se kisI eka ke AkAra ko dhAraNa karatI hai,usI prakAra cakSu Adi indriyoM ke samAnarUpa se kAraNa hone para bhI jJAna nIla artha ke hI AkAra ko grahaNa karatA hai,anya ke AkAra ko nahIM 131 kintu dharmakIrti kA yaha uttara jJAna kI yogyatA kA hI Azraya letA hai / jJAna meM hI aisI yogyatA kI kalpanA karanI par3atI hai ki jisase vaha artha kA AkAra grahaNa kara pAtA hai / prabhAcandra ke anusAra jJAna kI yogyatA nirAkAra jJAna meM bhI saMbhava hai| nirAkAra jJAna bhI indriyAdi nimittoM ke hone para kSayopazama janya yogyatA ke kAraNa purovartI nIlAdi artha ko niyata rUpa se jAna sakatA hai|132 dharmakIrti dvArA diye gaye putrotpatti udAharaNa meM eka doSa aura AtA hai,kyoMki usake anusAra putra apane upAdAna kAraNabhUta pitA yA mAtA meM se kisI eka ke AkAra ko dhAraNa karatA hai usI prakAra jJAna ko bhI artha ke AkAra ko grahaNa nahIM karake usake upAdAna kAraNabhUta pUrva kSaNavartI jJAna ke AkAra ko grahaNa karanA caahie|133 ___ jJAna meM arthAkAratA kA pratiSedha karate huye prabhAcandra ne eka tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki jJAna pramANarUpa hai / usameM yadi prameya kA AkAra gRhIta hotA hai to pramANa bhI prameya bana jAyegA evaM usa prameya kA jJAna karane ke liye eka bhinna pramANa kI AvazyakatA hogI tathA pramANa ke svarUpa meM bhI vyAghAta hogaa| pramANa kI pratIti antarmukha rUpa se tathA prameya kI pratIti bahirmukha rUpa se hotI hai, ataH ye donoM bhinna haiM / 134 prabhAvandra ne arthAkAratA kA pratiSedha karane ke liye bauddhoM se prazna kiyA hai ki jJAnagata nIlAdi AkAra se usake kSaNikatvAdi AkAra bhinna haiM yA abhinna ? yadi bhinna haiM to nIlAdi AkAroM ko 130.prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1,10 285-86 evaM nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 171 131. yavAhArakAlAdeH samAne'patyajanmani / pitrostadekamAkAraM dhatte nAnyasya kasyacit ||-prmaannvaartik, 2.369 132. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1,10 281-282 133. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 289 134. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1,pR0 283

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prameya pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 377 akSaNika yA nitya mAnanA hogaa| yadi jJAnagata nIla Adi AkAra se kSaNikatvAdi AkAra abhinna haiM to jo jJAna nIlAkAra hokara nIlAdi ko jAnatA hai vahI usase abhinna kSaNikatva ko bhI jAna legaa| phalataH kSaNikatA kI siddhi ke lie 'sarva kSaNikaM sattvAt' anumAna vAkya vRthA siddha hotAhai / 135 bauddha dArzanikoM kA mantavya hai ki jo jJAnotpatti meM kAraNa hai vahI artha jJAna kA grAhya yA paricchedya hotA hai, kintu unakA yaha mantavya ucita nahIM hai kyoMki isa sthiti meM yogiyoM ke dvArA mAtra purovartI arthoM kA hI jJAna ho skegaa| vartamAna kAlIna evaM bhUtakAlIna padArtha anupalabdha hone se jJAna kI utpatti ke kAraNa nahIM bana sakeMgeM,ataH yogiyoM dvArA inakA jJAna nahIM ho sakegA aura isa prakAra bauddha sammata sarvajJa kI bhI siddhi saMbhava nahIM hogii| 136 pratyakSa jJAna meM pratyeka svalakSaNa paramANu apanA AkAra jJAna meM pRthak pRthak rUpa se samarpita karate haiM athavA saMghAta rUpa se ? pRthak pRthaka rUpa se to svalakSaNa paramANuoM kA jJAna meM avabhAsana hotA nahIM hai / yadi saMghAta rUpa se AkAra samarpita karate haiM to svalakSaNa svarUpa kA parityAga ho jAtA hai / jJAna meM sthUlAdi AkAra kA pratibhAsa hotAhai,kintu paramANu sthUla Adi AkAra se rahita hone ke kAraNa aisA AkAra pradAna nahIM kara sakate / yadi samudita paramANuoM kA hI pratyakSa hotA hai to paramANu saMghAta ke samAna jJAna meM trikoNatA, catuSkoNatA,dIrghatA,hasvatA,parimaNDala,sama-viSamAdi AkAra bhI gRhIta hone cAhie tathA jaladhAraNa karanA, lAnA Adi arthakriyAkAritva evaM bAhya indriyapratyakSatA bhI usa jJAna meM ghaTita honI cAhie"137 jJAna ko nirAkAra svIkAra karane para bhI pratiniyatArthaprAhaka-vyavasthA saMbhava hai| nirAkAra jJAna apanA evaM artha kA niyata prakAzaka hotA hai| usakA svarUpa hI eka jJAna ko dUsare jJAna se vyAvRtta karatA hai| svagata dharma kI apekSA se hI padAthoM meM vyAvRtti kA honA ucita hai, anya artha ke dharma kI apekSA se nhiiN| jJAna kA AkAra usakI svaparaprakAzakatA hai,nIlAdipanA nahIM / jJAna meM jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se janya aisA sAmarthya hai ki jisase jJAna nirAkAra rahakara bhI niyata arthoM kA vyavasthApaka bana jAtA hai / yaha dUra hai,nikaTa hai,yaha ghaTa hai ,yaha paTa hai Adi samasta vyavahAra niyata rUpa se sampanna ho jAte haiN|yh kSayopazamajanya yogyatA hI purovartI samasta arthoM kA vyavasthAyukta jJAna karane meM samartha hai| jJAna ko nirAkAra mAnane para samasta arthoM kA jJAna eka sAtha ho jAyegA,aisI AzaMkA karanA upayukta nahIM hai,kyoMki nirAkAra jJAna bhI indriyoM ke dvArA purovartI artha ko hI jAnane 135.(1) prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 291 (2) bauddha dArzanika kSaNikatA kI siddhi pratyakSa se na 136. prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR0 13 137. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 169

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA meM pravRtta hotA hai, samasta arthoM ko nahIM / 138 jisa prakAra dIpaka ghaTAdi artha ke AkAra ko grahaNa kiye binA purovartI ghaTAdi kA prakAzaka hotA hai usI prakAra nirAkAra jJAna bhI purovartI arthoM kA prakAzana karane meM samartha hotA hai| jJAna purovartI arthoM kA prakAzana apanI tathAvidha yogyatA ke kAraNa karatA hai| sAkAra jJAna meM bhI artha kA hI AkAra AtA hai, indriyAdi kA nahIM, ataH usameM bhI arthAkAratA kI yogyatA svIkAra kI gayI hai tathA yogyatA se hI ghaTAkAra jJAna ke dvArA eka ghaTa kA hI jJAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, brahmANDa ke samasta ghaToM kA nahIM / jaina yaha yogyatA nirAkAra jJAna meM hI svIkAra karate haiM / 139 378 jainamata meM sAkAra jJAna jainAgamoM meM jJAna ko sAkAra batalAyA gayA hai| prajJApanA sUtra meM spaSTa kathana hai ki jJAna sAkAra hotA hai evaM darzana nirAkAra hotA hai| 140 jainAgamoM meM hI nahIM pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI darzana ko anAkAra tathA jJAna ko sAkAra kahA hai / 141 akalaGka ne bhI pratyakSalakSaNa meM pramANa ko spaSTa kahane ke sAtha sAkAra kahA hai / 142 kintu jainAgama evaM jainadarzana meM pratipAdita jJAna kI sAkAratA kA vaha Azaya nahIM hai jo bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita hai| bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita sAkAratA kA artha arthAkAratA yA arthasArUpya hai| jisake anusAra jJAna artha se utpanna hokara artha kA AkAra grahaNa kara letA hai / vijJAnavAdI dArzanikoM ke anusAra jJAna meM arthAbhAsa hotA hai / isaliye jJAna arthAkAra kahA gayA hai / vastutaH vaha artha se utpanna na hokara bhI yogyatA ke kAraNa vAsanA viplava se arthAkAra pratIta hotA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra jJAna kI sAkAratA isa artha meM hai ki jJAna vizeSaNAdi se viziSTa vastu kA grahaNa karatA hai, tathA grAhya- grAhaka bheda kA usameM pratibhAsa hotA hai| yaha nahIM ki artha kA pratibimba yA artha kA AkAra jJAna meM A jAtA hai| jaina dArzanika jJAna kI utpatti arthAdi prAhya padArthoM se nahIM mAnate haiN| unake anusAra jJAnAvaraNa karma kI kamI yA kSaya ke kAraNa, indriya, mana athavA AtmA ke dvArA bAhya arthoM kA grAhya rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai| prAhya rUpa meM vizeSaNAdi se viziSTa, sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka artha kA jJAna honA hI jaina dArzanikoM ke jJAna kI sAkAratA hai| arthAkAratA kI dRSTi se jJAna nirAkAra hI hotA hai| siddhasena divAkara ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki sAmAnya kA grahaNa darzana hai tathA vizeSa kA grahaNa jJAna hai| 143 darzana ke dvArA sAmAnya kA grahaNa nirAkAra upayoga tathA jJAna ke dvArA vizeSa kA grahaNa sAkAra upayoga mAnA gayA hai| 144 vAdirAja kA kathana hai ki darzana ko 138. kevalajJAnI sarvaza puruSa samasta arthoM ko eka sAtha jAnate haiN| 139. nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 170-71 evaM prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-1, pR0 281, 286 140. sAgAre se NANe bhavati, aNAgAre se daMsaNe bhavati / - prajJApanAsUtra, pada 30, sUtra 663 141. sAkAraM jJAnamanAkAraM darzanamiti / - sarvArthasiddhi 2.9 142. pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTaM sAkAramaJjasA / dravyaparyAyasAmAnyavizeSArthAtmavedanam // - nyAyavinizcaya, 3 143. jaM sAmaNNaggahaNaM daMsaNameyaM visesiyaM NANaM / -- sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, 2.1 144. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, 2.14

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prameya, pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa pramANa se pRthak pratipAdita karane ke lie pramANa ko sAkAra kahA gayA hai| 145 samIkSaNa jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAna meM arthakAraNatA evaM arthAkAratA kA paryApta nirasana kiyA hai, tathA bauddha dArzanikoM ne inakA sabala sthApana kiyA hai| prazna yaha hotA hai ki kyA jaina dArzanikoM ne usI Azaya ko samajha kara inakA nirasana kiyA hai, jisa Azaya se bauddha dArzanikoM ne inakA sthApana kiyA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahanA hogA ki jaina dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita arthakAraNatA kA Azaya to vahI grahaNa kiyA hai jo bauddha dArzanika pratipAdita karate haiM, kintu arthAkAratA kA bauddha darzana meM saMbhavata: mUlarUpa meM vaha svarUpa nahIM hai jo jaina dArzanikoM ne samajhA hai / bauddha dArzanikoM ne arthakAraNatA (tadutpatti) evaM arthAkAratA (tadAkAratA) kA pratipAdana jJAna kI avisaMvAditA, pratikarmavyavasthA evaM vyavasthApya- vyavasthApakabhAva kI dRSTi se kiyA hai / kintu jaina dArzanika ise jJAna kI svayogyatA se hI upapanna kara lete haiM, isalie ve tadutpatti, evaM tadAkAratA kA saiddhAntika dRSTi se khaNDana karate haiM / bauddha dArzanika kahate haiM ki hameM prameya kA jo adhigama hotA hai vaha jJAna meM rahI huI prameyAkAratA ke kAraNa hotA hai, tathA jJAna meM prameyAkAratA prameya se utpanna hone ke kAraNa hotI hai / isalie tadadhyavasAya ke lie tadutpatti evaM tadAkAratA ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / 379 jaina dArzanikoM kA pramANazAstrIya cintana, prAyaH AgamApekSa rahA hai| ve AgamoM meM sthApita siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para hI pramANazAstrIya parikalpanAoM kA sthApana yA saMyojana karate haiN| jainAgamoM me jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura antarAya nAmaka ATha karmoM kA pratipAdana hai| inameM se jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama (kamI) se jJAna kA prakaTa honA batalAyA gayA hai| jyoM jyoM jJAnAvaraNa karma meM kSayopazama hotA hai tyoM tyoM jJAna usI prakAra prakaTa hotA jAtA hai, jisa prakAra bAdaloM se Dhake sUrya kA bAdaloM ke haTane para prakAzana ho jAtA hai| eka sthiti aisI bhI hotI hai jaba jJAnAvaraNa karma kA sampUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai tathA jisake hote hI kevalajJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai athavA sarvajJatA A jAtI hai| yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki AgamoM meM kevalajJAna yA sarvajJatA kA pratipAdana bAhya vastuoM kA jJAna hone ke Azaya se kiyA gayA hai athavA AtmajJatA yA tattvajJatA ke prakaTa hone ke Azaya se / siddhasena, samantabhadra evaM taduttaravartI jaina dArzanikoM ne usa jJAna kA sambandha bAhya arthoM kI jAnakArI se jor3akara prastuta kiyA hai| tadanusAra sarvajJa ko tInoM lokoM evaM tInoM kAloM kI samasta vastuoM evaM unakI paryAyoM ko sAkSAt jAnane vAlA pratipAdita kiyA hai| isa siddhAnta ke AdhAra para jJAna ke prakaTa hone kA kAraNa jJAnAvaraNa karma meM rahe AvaraNa kA haTanA mAtra siddha hotA hai, taba bAhya arthoM se jJAna kI utpati kA koI sambandha nahIM raha pAtA hai| bAhya artha to apane sthAna para vidyamAna rahate haiM, ve na to jJAna para Aye AvaraNa ko haTAne meM samartha haiM aura na hI jJAna 145. nyAyavinizcaya, bhAga-1, pR0 66

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380 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ko utpanna kara sakate haiN| isalie hI saMbhavata :jaina dArzanika bAhya artha evaM Aloka ko jJAna ke prakaTa hone meM kAraNa nahIM mAnate haiM / indriya evaM mana ko unhoMne bAhya artho kA jJAna karane meM kAraNa avazya mAnA hai ,kyoMki jJAna ke pAMca bhedoM meM matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna ye donoM indriya evaM mana kI sahAyatA se hI ho sakate haiN| yahAM cintanIya viSaya yaha hai ki jaba matijJAna evaM zrutajJAna jinakA jinabhadra evaM akalaGkane sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM samAveza kiyA hai,indriya evaM mana ke binA nahIM hote haiM,taba indriya Adi kI bAhya arthoM ko jAnane ke atirikta kyA upayogitA hai ? aisA to hai nahIM ki indriyAdi ke dvArA AtmA bAhya artha ke abhAva meM bhI usakA jJAna kara le| yadi bAhya artha ke abhAva meM bhI indriyAdi ke dvArA jJAna kara liyA jAtA hai to vaha jJAna mithyA samajhA jAyegA, usa jJAna ko jaina dArzanika vastuvAdI hokara pramANakoTi meM nahIM rakha sakate / isakA artha hai ki indriyAdi ke dvArA jisakA pratyakSa jJAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha prameya yA viSaya bhI vidyamAna honA caahie| viSaya ke abhAva meM hone vAle jJAna ko akalaGkaAdi jaina dArzanikoM ne kezoNDukajJAna kI bhAMti apramANa ThaharAyA hai| yaha satya hai ki hameM indriyAdi ke mAdhyama se bAhya artha kA jJAna hotA hai, kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki bAhya artha, jJAna ko utpanna nahIM kara sakate,kyoMki bAhya artha kI sattA jJAtA se bhinna hai / bAhya artha to kyA,baina dArzanika indriyArtha -sannikarSa ko bhI jJAna ko utpanna karane vAlA nahIM mAnate haiN| jJAna jJAtA ko hotA hai, vaha jaba dekhanA cAhe dekhe,sunanA cAhe sune / dekhanA na cAhane para ghaTa draSTA ke jJAna ko utpanna nahIM karatA / zabda zrotA ke jJAna ko utpanna nahIM krtaa| ye to jar3a padArtha haiM ,kintu eka cetana prANI bhI anya cetanaprANI meM jJAna utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / taba phira samasyA hotI hai ki bAhya arthakA jJAna kisa prakAra hotA hai / isake lie jainAgama evaM darzanagraMthoM meM vizada vivecana milatA hai| indriyAM do prakAra kI kahI gayI haiM-dravyendriya evaM bhAvendriya / dravyendriya ke bhI do bheda haiM-nivRtti evaM upakaraNa / bhAvendriya bhI do prakAra kI hai- labdhi evaM upayoga / jaba taka bhAvendriya meM upayoga rUpa indriya kArya nahIM karatI taba taka indriyoM ke dvArA bhI bAhya artha kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / bAhya artha ke jJAna kI prakriyA yaha hai ki cakSu indriya ke atirikta anya indriyA~ artha ko prApta karake yA artha kA sannikarSa karake hI artha kA jJAna karatI haiM,jabaki cakSu indriya artha se dUra rahakara bhI artha kA jJAna kara sakatI hai / na to cakSu indriya artha taka pahuMcatI hai aura na hI artha cakSuindriya taka pahuMcatA hai| cakSu indriya meM aisI yogyatA hai ki vaha purovartI artha kA pratyakSa karA sakatI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne apane mantavya kI puSTi meM adhika nahIM kahA, aba vaijJAnikoM dvArA yaha siddha kara diyA gayA hai ki cakSu indriya meM artha kA pratibimba banatA hai ,usa pratibimba ke banane kI sUcanA mastiSka kendra meM pahuMcatI hai taba hameM usa bAhya artha kA jJAna hotA hai / yahAM yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita rahegA ki arthakA pratibimba jJAna meM nahIM cakSu meM vidyamAna lensa meM banatA hai jabaki bauddha mAnyatA ke anusAra vaha pratibimba jJAna

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prameya, pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa I meM banatA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki vijJAna meM bhI pratibimba banane kA kArya cakSu indriya meM hI hotA hai, anya indriyoM meM nahIM / yahAM para yaha bhI tarka diyA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha dArzanika cakSu evaM zrotra ko artha kA aprApyakArI mAnate haiM / ina donoM indriyoM ko artha kA aprApyakArI mAnakara yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki jJAna artha se utpanna huA hai, athavA jJAna arthAkAra hai ? jJAna yA indriyAM bhI jaba artha taka nahIM pahuMcatI evaM artha bhI indriyoM taka nahIM pahuMcatA taba vaha jJAna artha kA AkAra kaise grahaNa kara sakatA hai ? 381 yahAM para yaha samAdhAna pratIta hotA hai ki jJAna meM artha kA AkAra grahaNa karane kA pratipAdana bauddha dArzanika vastubhUta rUpa meM nahIM, apitu vyAvahArika rUpa meM pramiti evaM pramANa kA vyavasthApya-vyavasthApaka bhAva batalAne ke lie karate haiM / bauddhoM ke anusAra prameya kA adhigama savyApAra pratIta hotA hai| vaha vyApAra jJAna meM arthasArUpya athavA viSayAbhAsa hai| do prakAra ke AbhAsa vAle jJAna utpanna hote haiM - svAbhAsa evaM viSayAbhAsa / svAbhAsa jJAna svaprakAzakatA kA dyotaka hai tathA viSayAbhAsa jJAna viSaya ke sArUpya kA dyotaka hai| jJAna meM viSayAbhAsa na ho to viSaya kA adhigama zakya nahIM hai aura viSayAbhAsa kI utpatti meM viSaya yA artha kAraNa hotA hai| vastutaH yahAM bauddha dArzanika eka jJAna meM hone vAle pramANa evaM prameyAdhigama rUpa phala meM kiJcit bheda kA vyavasthApana kara rahe haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki bauddha dArzanika pramANa ko avisaMvAdI mAnate haiM, usakA avisaMvAditva yahI hai ki hamane jisa artha ko prameya banAyA hai usI kA adhigama kiyA gayA hai| yaha avisaMvAditva arthasArUpya se bhalIbhAMti ghaTita ho jAtA hai / 'arthasArUpya' kA tAtparya yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki artha jJAna meM usI AkAra kA pratibimbita hotA hai / yadi artha jJAna meM usI AkAra kA pratibimbita hotA hai to usa jJAna ko sthUla, mUrta evaM dIrghakAya darpaNa kI bhAMti mAnanA hogA, jo sarvathA azakya hai, evaM loka-viruddha hai / arthasArUpya ko jhuMThalAne ke sAtha yaha bhI vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai ki hameM binA pratibimba ke artha kA raMga, AkAra Adi ke rUpa meM jJAna kaise hotA hai ? samasyA tvak rasanA, ghrANa evaM zrotra ke sambandha meM kama hai, kintu cakSu ke sambandha meM adhika hai, kyoMki raMga, AkAra Adi kA jJAna cakSu indriya dvArA athavA smRtijJAna se saMbhava hotA hai / zabda, gaMdha, rasa evaM sparza se raMga kA bodha nahIM hotA / AkAra kA bodha tvak se avazya ho sakatA hai| kintu vaha utanA spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA jitanA cakSu indriya ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| artha ke pratibimba yA sArUpya ko grahaNa karane kI jo samasyA uThI hai vaha saMbhavataH cakSu indriya ke dvArA kiye jAne vAle pratyakSa se adhika sambaddha hai aura cakSu indriya dvArA prakAza kI upasthiti meM hI artha kA pratibimba grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, usa pratibimba ke dvArA mastiSka artha ko usa raMga, AkAra Adi se yukta jAnatA hai / jJAna meM vividhatA hai| jJAna kA eka prakAra aisA hai jisameM pUrvadRSTa yA anubhUta vastuoM

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ke sambandha meM jAnakArI saMkalita ho jAtI hai, tathA samaya para usakA smRti ke dvArA hama punaH jJAna kara lete haiM / 382 yaha kahanA adhika saMgata evaM upayukta hogA ki jJAna artha ko AkAra, varNa Adi se viziSTa jAnatA hai, kintu vaha arthAkAra nahIM hotA / jJAna kI utpatti artha se nahIM hotI hai, tathApi artha ke sadbhAva meM hone vAlA avisaMvAdI jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai| bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita arthasArUpya kA siddhAnta vyavasthApya vyavasthApaka dRSTi se saMgata pratIta hotA hai, kintu vyAvahArika evaM tarka saMgata dRSTi se usameM bAdhAeM khar3I hotI haiN| / jaina dArzanikoM kA pratipAdana AgamApekSa dRSTi ke adhika nikaTa hai, tathApi artha kA vyavasthita evaM avisaMvAdI jJAna karane ke lie jaina dArzanika jJAna ko vizeSaNa- vizeSyAdi se yukta evaM abhilApya hone ke kAraNa kathaJcit sAkAra svIkAra karate haiM / pramANAbhAsa sabhI darzana apane pramANalakSaNa se itara pramANasvarUpa ko pramANAbhAsa kI zreNI meM rakhate haiN| yahI kArya bauddha evaM jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI kiyA hai| jaina dArzanika vAdidevasUri ne pramANAbhAsa ko svarUpa, saMkhyA viSaya evaM phala ke AdhAra para cAra prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA hai| 146 mANikyanandI ne asvasaMvidita, gRhItArtha, darzana (nirvikalpaka jJAna) evaM saMzaya Adi ko svarUpa se pramANAbhAsa kahA hai 147 'inake pramANAbhAsa hone kA ve kAraNa mAnate haiM ki ye apane viSaya kA nizcaya nahIM karA pAte haiM / 148 jisa prakAra dUsare puruSa kA jJAna apane viSaya kA jJAna nahIM karAtA usI prakAra asvasaMvidita arthAt asva-prakAzaka jJAna apane viSaya kA nizcaya nahIM karatA hai / mANikyanandI digambara jaina dArzanika haiM tathA ve pramANa-lakSaNa meM svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmaka jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiM, isalie unake mata me gRhItArthagrahI jJAna bhI pramANAbhAsa kI zreNI meM AtA hai| zvetAmbara jaina dArzanika ise pramANa hI mAnate haiM, pramANAbhAsa nahIM / mANikyanandI ne nirvikalpaka darzana ko pramANAbhAsa kahA hai, kyoMki vaha apane viSaya kA nizcaya nahIM karatA / saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya ko bhI ve apane viSaya kA nizcAyaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa pramANAbhAsa mAnate haiN| vAdidevasUri ne svarUpa kI dRSTi se ajJAna anAtmaprakAzaka jJAna, svamAtraprakAzaka jJAna, nirvikalpaka jJAna evaM samAropa arthAt saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya ko pramANAbhAsa kahA hai, 149 kyoMki inase sva evaM para kA vyavasAya nahIM hotA / 150 146. pramANasya svarUpAdicatuSTayAdviparItaM tadAbhAsam |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 6 . 23 147. asvasaMviditagRhItArthadarzanasaMzayAdaya: pramANAbhAsA : - parIkSAmukha, 6.2 148. svaviSayopadarzakatvAbhAvAt / puruSAntarapUrvA rtha gacchattRNasparzasthANupuruSAdijJAnavat / - parIkSAmukha, 6. 3-4 149. ajJAnAtmakAnAtmaprakAzakasvamAtrAvabhAsakanirvikalpakasamAropAH pramANasya svarUpAbhAsAH / pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.24 150. tebhyaH svaparavyavasAyasyAnupapatte: / - pramANanayatattvAloka, 6.26

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prameya ,pramANaphala aura pramANAbhAsa 383 ajJAna zabda ke dvArA ve indriyArthasanikarSa,kArakasAkalya Adi ko,anAtmaprakAzaka jJAna ke dvArA ve naiyAyikAdi ke dvArA kalpita mAtra paraprakAzaka jJAna ko,svamAtraprakAzakajJAna ke dvArA ve vijJAnavAdiyoM ke jJAna ko, nirvikalpaka jJAna ke dvArA bauddhasammata caturvidha pratyakSa ko pramANAbhAsa kahate haiM / samAropa ke antargata ve saMzaya, viparyaya evaM anadhyavasAya ko rakhakara unheM bhI pramANAbhAsa kahate haiM / vAdidevasUri ne jainadarzana meM pratipAdita 'darzana' ko bhI ajJAnAtmaka hone ke kAraNa apramANa yA pramANAbhAsa kahA hai / 151 svarUpAbhAsa ke rUpa meM pramANAbhAsa jahAM pramANa ke svarUpa para AdhRta hai vahAM saMkhyAbhAsa ke rUpa meM vaha pramANa kI saMkhyAoM para AdhRta hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyakSa evaM parokSa do hI pramANa hote haiM / inase bhitra pramANa-saMkhyA mAnanA saMkhyAbhAsa keantargata sammilita hotA hai / 152 bauddhadarzana meM saMkhyA kI dRSTi se yadyapi do hI pramANa mAnya haiM - pratyakSa evaM anumAna, kintu anumAna meM smRti, pratyabhijJAna,tarka evaM Agama pramANoM kA samAveza nahIM hotA hai, parokSa pramANa meM ho jAtA hai isalie bauddha mAnya do pramANa bhI jaina dRSTi se saMkhyAbhAsa se dUSita haiN| pramANa kA viSaya jaina darzana meM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vastu hai / isase bhitra kevala sAmAnya,kevala vizeSa athavA donoM ko bhinna-bhinna viSaya mAnanA viSayAbhAsa rUpa pramANAbhAsa hai| 153 isa dRSTi se bauddhadarzana meM mAnya do viSaya svalakSaNa evaM sAmAnyalakSaNa bhI jainamata meM viSayAbhAsa ke doSa se grasta haiM / svarUpa,saMkhyA evaM viSaya ke samAna phala para AdhRta AbhAsa phalAbhAsa hai / jaina dArzanika pramANa evaM usake phala ko eka dUsare se kathaJcit bhitra evaM kathaJcit abhinna mAnate haiM / bauddha dArzanika donoM ko prAyaH abhinna mAnate haiM, naiyAyika Adi bhinna mAnate haiM isalie jainoM ke anusAra bauddha evaM naiyAyikAdi kI mAnyatA phalAbhAsa hai|154 jisa prakAra pramANa kI taraha pratIta hone vAle apramANa ko pramANAbhAsa kahA gayA hai usI prakAra pratyakSAbhAsa, anumAnAbhAsa, AgamAbhAsa,smaraNAbhAsa,pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa, tarkAbhAsa Adi AbhAsoM ko bhI upapatra kara liyA jAtA hai / jaina dArzanika mANikyanandI evaM vAdidevasUri ne inakA sodAharaNa vivecana kiyA hai|55 mANikyanandI ne bauddhamAnya nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ko avizada hone se pratyakSAbhAsa kahA hai / vAdidevasUri ne sAMvyavahArika evaM pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsa ke pRthak pRthak lakSaNa kie haiM / vastutaH sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa na hone para bhI meghoM meM gandharvanagara kI bhAMti jo sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa rUpa pratIta ho, vaha sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa hai / isI prakAra jo pAramArthika 151. yathA satrikarSAdyasvasaMviditaparAnavabhAsakajJAnadarzanaviparyayasaMzayAnadhyavasAyA: |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 6.25 152.pratyakSamevaikaM pramANamityAdi saMkhyAnaM tasya sNkhyaa''bhaasm|-prmaannnytttvaalok, 6.85 153. sAmAnyameva, vizeSa eva, tad dvayaM vA svatantramityAdistasya viSayAbhAsa: |-prmaannnytttvaalok,6.86 154. abhitrameva bhitrameva vA pramANAt phalaM tasya tadAbhAsam |-prmaannnytttvaalok, 6.87 155. draSTavya parIkSAmakha evaM pramANanayatattvAloka ke SaSTha pricched|

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384 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pratyakSa na hone para bhI pAramArthika pratyakSa jaisA pratIta ho use pAramArthika pratyakSAbhAsa kahA gayA hai, yathA ziva nAmaka rAjarSi ko huA asad avadhijJAna (vibhnggjnyaan)| ziva rAjarSi ko apane jJAna meM asaMkhyAta dvIpa-samudroM ke sthAna para sAta dvIpa-samudra hI satya pratIta hue| smaraNAbhAsa kA lakSaNa dete hue vAdidevasUri ne kahA hai ki ananubhUta (ajJAta) vastu kI vaha hai' isa taraha pUrvajJAta kI bhAMti smRti honA smaraNAbhAsa hai / sadRza padArtha meM yaha vahI hai ,eka padArtha meM yaha usake sadRza hai Adi jJAna pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai / vyApti ke na hone para bhI vyApti kA AbhAsa honA tarkAbhAsa hai |anumaanaabhaas ke lie kahA gayA hai ki pakSAbhAsa Adi se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna anumAnAbhAsa hai / anAptapuruSa ke vacana se utpanna hone vAle jJAna ko AgamAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| bauddha darzana ke anusAra visaMvAdaka evaM jJAta artha kA grAhaka jJAna pramANAbhAsa hai, aisA unake dvArA pradatta pramANalakSaNoM (pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam 56 evaM ajJAtArthAjJApakamiti pramANasAmAnya lakSaNam' 157 se vidita hotA hai / bauddha darzana meM pratipAdita pratyakSAbhAsa kA vivecana tRtIya adhyAya meM kiyA jA cukA hai / 158 hetvAbhAsa, pakSAbhAsa evaM dRSTAntAbhAsa kI carcA isa grantha ke caturtha adhyAya meM bauddha evaM jaina darzanoM ke anusAra tulanAtmaka rUpa meM kI jA cukI hai / ataH isake lie vaha adhyAya draSTavya hai| 156. pramANavArtika, 1.3 157. pramANasamuccayaTIkA, pR. 11 156. draSTavya, tRtIya adhyAya, pR. 121

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pariziSTa (dvitIya adhyAya) -ka pAdaTippaNa - 98 ajJAtArthaprakAzazcellakSaNaM paramArthataH / gRhItagrahaNAnna syAdanumAnasyAnumAnatA // 68 // pratyakSeNa gRhIte'pi kSaNikatvAdivastuni / samAropavyavacchedAtprAmANyaM laiGgikasya cet // 69 // smtyaadivednsyaatHprmaanntvmpiissytaam| mAnadvaividhyavidhvaMsanibandhanamabAdhitam // 70 // mukhyaM prAmANyamadhyakSe'numAne vyaavhaarikm| iti buvanna bauddhaH syAt pramANe lakSaNadvayam // 71 / / -vidyAnanda, tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.10.68-71 pAdaTippaNa- 101 anadhigatArthAdhigantRtvaM kimabhidhIyate? jJAnAntareNAnadhigatamarthaM yadadhigacchati tatpramANamiti cet tarhi tajjJAnAntaraM parakIyaM svakIyaM vaa| tadyadi parakIyam, tadayuktam, sarvajJajJAnasya sakalArthagocaratayA sarvaprAkRtalokajJAnAnAmadhigatArthAdhigantRtvenAprAmANyaprasaGgAt, tadarthavAhijanAntaradarzanasaMbhavAcca / atha svakIyaM, tatrApi so'dhigamyo'rthaH kiM dravyamuta paryAyo vA / dravyaviziSTaparyAyaH paryAyaviziSTaM vA drvymiti| tathA kiM sAmAnyamuta vishessH| Ahosvit sAmAnyaviziSTo vizeSaH vizeSaviziSTaM vA sAmAnyam / ityaSTau pkssaaH| tatra yadyAdyamurarIkuruSe, tadayuktam,dravyasya nityatvaikatvAbhyAmanadhigatatvAMzAbhAvAt / atha dvitIyam,tadapyacAru,paryAyasya prAcInasaMvedanodayasamayadhvastasya saMvedanAntaraprabhavakAlaM yAvatpratIkSaNAsaMbhavena vizeSaNAnarthakyAt / uta tRtIyam, tadapyasAdhIyaH, vikalpadvayAnatikramAt / sa hi dravyaviziSTaH paryAyaH samakAlabhAvinA jJAnenAnadhigato'dhigamyate, yadvA kaalaantrbhaavineti| na tAvatsamakAlabhAvinA, tatsaMbhavAbhAvena vizeSaNavaiphalyAt / na hi saMbhavo'styekasya pramAturekakAlaM dravyakroDIkRtaikaparyAyaviSaya-saMvedanadvayapravRtteH, tathAnubhavAbhAvAt, parasparamadhigatArthAdhigantRtvenAprAmANyaprasaMgAcca / nApi kAlAntarabhAvinA, gRhyamANaparyAyasya kAlAntarAnAskandanAt, pUrvottarakSaNatruTitavartamAnakSaNamAtrasaMbaMdhatvAttasya / etena paryAyaviziSTadravyapakSo'pi prativyUDhaH, samAnayogakSematvAt / atha sAmAnyaM,tadapyasaMbaddham, tadekatayA prathamajJAnena sAkalyagrahaNAduttareSAM sAmAnyajJAnAnAmadhigatArthagocaratayAprAmANyaprasaMgAt / atha vizeSaH sa nityo'nityo veti vaktavyam / nityazcet, evaM satyAdyasaMvedanenaiva tasya sAmastyagrahaNAduttareSAM tdvissyaannaamdhigtgocrtvenaapraamaannyprsktiH| anityazcet, paryAyadUSaNena pratikSiptaH / arthasAmAnyaviziSTo vizeSaH / kAsya viziSTatA, kiM tAdAtmyamuta tatsanidhimAtram / tAdAtmyaM cet, prathamajJAnena sAmAnyavattasyApi grahaNAt, anyathA

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386 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA tAdAtmyakSateH, tadviSayAnyajJAnAnAmaprAmANyaM prasajyeta / tatsAnnidhyapakSe'pi dvayorapi parasparaM vizakalitarUpatvAt pakSadvayoditaM dUSaNaM pazcAllagnaM dhAvati / vizeSaviziSTasAmAnyapakSe punaretadeva viparItaM yojyam / tanna, anadhigatArthAdhigantRtvaM jJAnasya kathaJcid vicArabhAragauravaM sahata ityalakSaNamiti sthitam |-siddhrssignni, nyAyAvatAravivRti, kA0-1, pR0 36-37 pAdaTippaNa -127 ___ samyagjJAnatvaM hyavisaMvAdakatvena vyAptam,tadabhAve tadasaMbhavAt tadapyarthaprApakatvena arthAprApakasyAvisaMvAditvAbhAvAt,nirviSayajJAnavat / tadapi pravartakatvena vyAptam, apravartakasyArthAprApakatvAt tdvt| pravartakatvamapi svaviSayopadarzakatvena vyAptam, svaviSayamupadarzayataH pravartakavyavahAraviSayatvasiddheH / na hi puruSaM haste gRhItvA jJAnaM pravartayati / svaviSayaM tUpadarzayat pravartakamucyate arthaprApakaM cetyavisaMvAdakaM samyagvedanaM pramANam,tadviparItasya mithyAjJAnatvaprasiddhaH, saMzayAdivat, iti dharmottaramatam / - vidyAnanda,pramANaparIkSA, pR0 5-6 pAdaTippaNa -128 tatrAvyavasAyAtmakasya caturvidhasyApi samakSasya samyagvedanatvaM na vyavatiSThate, tasya svvissyopdrshktvaasiddheH| tatsiddhau vA nIlAdAviva kSaNakSayAdAvapi tadupadarzakatvaprasakteH / tato yadavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM na tatsvaviSayopadarzakam, yathA gacchatRNasparzasaMvedanamanadhyavasAyi prasiddham, avyavasAyAtmakaM ca saugatAbhimataM darzanamiti vyApakAnupalabdhiH siddhA / vyavasAyAtmakatvasya vyApakasyAbhAve tadvyApyasya svaviSayopadarzakatvasyAnanubhavAt / -pramANaparIkSA, pR06 pAdaTippaNa - 130 mnniprdiipprbhyomnnibuddhyaabhidhaavtH|| mithyAjJAnAvizeSe'pi vizeSo'rthakriyAM prati / / yathA tthaa'ythaarthtve'pynumaanaavbhaasyoH| __ arthakriyAnurodhena pramANatvaM vyavasthitam // - pramANavArtika,2.57-58 iti,maNipradIpaprabhAdRSTAntopi svapakSaghAtI,maNipradIpaprabhAdarzanasyApi saMvAdakatvena pramANaprAptyA pramANAntarbhAvavighaTanAt kathaM pramANe evetyavadhAraNaM ghaTate ? na hi tatpratyakSaM svaviSaye visaMvAdanAt zuktikAdarzanavadrajataprAntau / tatrApratipannavyabhicArasya yadeva mayA dRSTaM tadeva mayA prAptamityekatvAdhyavasAyAdvisaMvAdanAbhAvAnmaNiprabhAyAM maNidarzanasya pratyakSatve timirAzubhramaNanauyAnasaMkSobhAdyAhitavibhramasyApi dhAvaddavAditarudarzanasya pratyakSatvaprasaGgAdAntamiti vizeSaNamadhyakSasya na syAt |......iti na tat pratyakSaM syAt / nApi laiGgikaM,liGgaliGgisambandhApratipatteranyathA dRSTAntetarayorekatvAt kiM kena kRtaM syAt ? .... svayamasiddhena dRSTAntena sAdhyasiddherakaraNAt / kadA

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pariziSTa (dvitIya adhyAya)- ka citsaMvAdAt pratyakSatvenaiva maNiprabhAyAM maNidarzanasya dRSTAntatvamayuktaM, kAdAcitkArthaprApterArekAderapi saMbhavAt pratyakSatvaprasakteH / aSTasahastrI, pR0 277-78 pAdaTippaNa - 131 na hi mithyAjJAnasya saMvAdanaikAntaH saMbhavati, virodhAt / nanvanumAnasya saMbhavatyevAvastuviSayatvena mithyAjJAnasyApi sarvadA saMvAdanaM liGgajJAnavat pAramparyeNa vastuni pratibandhAt / taduktamliGgaliGgidhiyorevaM pAramparyeNa vastuni / pratibandhAttadAbhAsaM zUnyayorapyavacanam // pramANavArtika, 2.82 pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnamityupavarNyate / kaizcit tatrAvisaMvAdo yadyAkAMkSAnivartanam // tadA svapnAdivijJAnaM pramANamanuSajyate / tataH kasyacidartheSu paritoSasya bhAvataH // pAdaTippaNa - 133 tathA na laiGgikaM sarvathaivAvisaMvAdakatvAt / nahi tadAlambanaM bhrAntaM prApye'pi vastuni bhrAntatvaprasaGgAt / prApye tasyAvisaMvAdakatve svAlambanepyavisaMvAdakatvam / - aSTasahastrI, pR0 278 pAdaTippaNa- 134 arthakriyAsthitiH proktA vimuktiH sA na tatra cet / zAbdAdAviva tadbhAvo'stvabhiprAyanivedanAt // 387 - aSTasahastrI, pR0 278 - tattvArthazlokavArtika, pAdaTippaNa - 135 avisaMvAdakatvamadhunA vicAryate tatkiM pradarzitArthaprAptyA uta prAptiyogyArthopadarzakatvena AhosvidavicalitArthaviSayatvena bhavAn jJAnasya prAmANyaM kathayati / yadi prathamaH kalpaH tadayuktam, jalabudbudAdimumUrSupadArthotpAditasaMvedanasyApramANatotpatteH prAptikAle tasya dhvastatvAt / atha dvitIyaH, tadapyacAru,prAptyayogyadezasthitaprahanakSatrAdigocarajJAnasyAprAmANyaprasakteH, anucitadezA.vasthAnenaiva prAptyanarhatvAtteSAm / atha tRtIyaH pakSaH, tatrApyavicalitaviSayatAM kathamavaiSi / jJAnAntareNa tadviSayanirAkaraNAbhAvAditi cet, etadevAsmAbhiruditaM kiM bhavataH paruSamAbhAti / - siddharvigaNi, nyAyAvatAravivRti, 1, pR0 37 1.10.59-61 pAdaTippaNa - 137 saugataistu " pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnam" iti vacanAt avisaMvAdakatvaM pramANalakSaNamuktam /

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388 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA avisaMvAdakatvaM ca prAptinimittapravRttihetubhUtArthakriyAprasAdhakArthapradarzakatvaM yato'rthakriyArthI puruSastannirvartanakSamamarthamavAptukAmaH pramANamapramANaM vA anveSate yadeva cArthakriyAnivartakavastupradarzakaM tadeva tenAnviSyate / pratyakSAnumAne eva ca tathAbhUtArthapradarzake na jJAnAntaramiti te eva ca lakSaNAhe tayozca dvayorapyavisaMvAdakatvamasti lakSaNam / pratyakSeNa yarthakriyAsAdhanaM dRSTatayA'vagataM pradarzitaM bhavati anumAnena tu dRSTaliGgAvyabhicAritayA'dhyavasitam ityanayoH pradarzakatvameva prApakatvaM na hyAbhyAM pradarzite'rthe pravRttau na prAptiriti nAnyat pradarzakatvavyatirekeNa prApakatvaM tacca zaktirUpam / uktaM ca - "prApaNazaktiH prAmANyaM tadeva ca prApakatvamanyathA jJAnAntarasvabhAvatvena vyavasthitAyAH prApteH kathaM pravartakajJAnazaktisvabhAvatA? tatra yadyapi pratyakSaM vastukSaNagrAhi tagrAhakatvaM ca tasya pradarzakatvaM tathApi kSaNikatvena tasyAprApteH tatsantAna eva prApyata iti santAnAdhyavasAyo'dhyakSasya pradarzakavyApAro draSTavyaH anumAnasya tu vastvagrAhakatvAt tatprApakatvaM yadyapi na saMbhavati tathApi svAkArasya bAhyavastvadhyavasAyena puruSapravRttau nimittabhAvo'stIti tasya ttpraapkmucyte|" etaduktaM bhavati-pratyakSasya hi kSaNo grAhyaH sa ca nivRttatvAnna prAptiviSayaH santAnastvadhyavaseyaH pravRttipUrvikAyAH prApteviSaya iti tadviSayaM pradarzitArthaprApakatvamadhyakSasya prAmANyam anumAnena tvAropitaM vastu gRhItaM svAkAro vA tayordvayorapyavastutvAnna pravRttiviSayateti na tadviSayaM tasya prApakatvamapitvAropitabAhyayorabhedAdhyavasAyena vastunyeva pravartakatvaprApakatve asya draSTavye / tenAnumAnasya grAhyo'narthaH / prApyastu bAhyaH svAkArA'bhedenAdhyavasita iti tadviSayamasyApi pradarzitArthaprApakatvaM prAmANyam / uktaM ca - "tato'pi vikalpAt tadadhyavasAyena vastunyeva pravRtteH pravRttau ca pratyakSeNAbhinnayogakSematvAt / " tathA'paramapyuktam- "na hyAbhyAmartha paricchidya pravartamAno'rthakriyAyAM visaMvAdyate" iti / atra ca pratyakSAnumAnayordvayorapi paricchedaH santAnaviSayo'dhyavasAyo draSTavyaH ,tathA prAmANyaM vastuviSayaM dvayoriti ca / uktamatrApi "santAnaviSayatvena vastuviSayatvaM dvayoruktam", laukikaM caitadavisaMvAdakatvaM prAmANyam yato loke pratijJAtamartha prApayan puruSaH saMvAdakaH pramANamucyate tadvadatrApi draSTavyam / na ca kSaNikasya jJAnasyArthaprAptikAlaM yAvadanavasthiteH kathaM prApakatetyAzaGkanIyam pradarzakatvavyatirekeNa tasyAstatrAsaMbhavAdityuktatvAt / na cAnyasya jJAnAntarasya prAptau sannikRSTatvAt tadeva prApakamityAzaGkanIyam yato yadyapyanekasmAt jJAnakSaNAt pravRttAvarthaprAptistathApi paryAlocyamAnamarthapradarzakatvameva jJAnasya prApakatvaM nAnyat ,tacca prathamajJAnakSaNasaMpannamiti / - pradarzitaprApakatvalakSaNaM prAmANye pItazaMkhAdipAhijJAnAnAmapi prApakatvAt prAmANyaprasaktina bhavati / na hi tAni pradarzitamartha prApayanti yaddezakAlAkAraM vastu taiH pradarzitam na tat tathA prApyate yacca yathA prApyate na taistat tathA pradarzitam dezAdibhedena vastubhedasya nizcitatvAnna teSAM pradarzitArthaprApakatA / evamapi pradarzitArthaprApakatve jalAdipradarzakasya marIcyAdivastvantara

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pariziSTa (dvitIya adhyAya)-ka 389 prAptau pradarzitArthaprApakatvena prAmANyaprasaktiriti na kiJcidapramANaM bhavet / pramANadvayavyatiriktaM ca jJAnaM na niyatapradarzitArthaprApakam / tena hi bhAvAbhAvasAdhAraNo'niyato'rtha : pradarzita : / sa ca tathAbhUto'sattvAna prAptuM zakya iti na tat pradarzitArthaprApakatvena pramANam / aniyatArthapradarzakatvaM ca zAbdAde : sAkSAt pAramparyeNa vA prtipaadyaadrthaadnutptteH|| tat sthitaM prApaNazaktisvabhAvamavisaMvAdakatvaM prAmANyaM dvayoreva / prApaNazaktizca pramANasyAvinAbhAvanimittA darzanapRSThabhAvinA vikalpena nizcIyate / tathAhi darzanaM yato'rthAdutpannaM taddarzakamAtmAnaM svAnurUpAvasAyotpAdanAt nizcinvadarthAvinAmAvitvaM prApaNazaktinimittaM prAmANyaM svato nizcinotItyucyate na punarjJAnAntaraM tannizcAyakamapekSate'rthAnubhUtAviva tato'visaMvAdakatvameva pramANalakSaNaM yuktm| tattvabodhavidhAyinI (saMmatitarkaTIkA), pR.467-69 pAdaTippaNa - 146 etadapyayuktam yato nArthapradarzakatvameva prApakatvam puruSecchAdhInapravRttinimittatvAt sati vstunyrthpraapteH| etacca prAk pratipAditam / tattvabodhavidhAyinI,pR0 467-469 pravRttestu puruSecchAnibandhanatvAt tadabhAve noktaphalajanasya pramANatvavyAghAtaH / na ca puruSArthasAdhanapradarzakatvameva tasya pravartakatvaM tatsadbhAve'pi pravartito'hamanenAtra" iti tadgrahaNecchAbhAve prtipttynupptteH|-tttvvodhvidhaayinii, pR0 467 pAdaTippaNa - 147 tanna pradarzakatvameva prApakatvam / na ca bauddhAbhyupagamena pradarzitArthaprApakatvaM kvacidapi jJAne saMbhavati / taddhi saMtAnAzrayeNa saugataiH parikalpyate / na ca saMtAnaH saMbhavati - sa hi svarUpeNa vA vastu san bhavet santAnirUpeNa vA? na tAvat svarUpeNa santAnivyatirekeNa tasya vastusato'nabhyupagamAt abhyupagame vA kSaNikavAdahAniprasaktiH sAmAnyAnabhyupagamazca nirnibandhano bhavet iti na tasya svarUpeNa pravRttyAdiviSayatA / santAnirUpeNApi tasya sattvesantAnina eva tathAbhUtA na tadvyatiriktaH santAnaH pravRttyAdiviSayaHsantAninAM cotpattyanantaradhvaMsitvAt na tadviSayasya vijJAnasya pradarzitArthaprApakatvam dRzya-prApyayoH kSaNayoratyantabhedAt |-tttvbodhvidhaayinii, pR0 470 pAdaTippaNa. 148 yatra hi dezakAlA''kArabhedAdabhedena pratIyamAnasyApi vastuno bhedo'bhyupagamyate tatra svarUpeNa bhinnayoH pUrvottarakSaNayoH kathamabhedaH yena pradarzitArthaprApakatvaM sAdhanani sijJAnasya yuktisaatam?-tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 470

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390 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pAdaTippaNa - 150 atha saMvRtyA saMtAnasya svarUpasiddheH pUrvoktamadUSaNam / tathA ca pratipAditam "sAMvyavahArikasya ca pramANasyaitallakSaNam" nanvevaM lokavyavahArAnurodhena yadi pradarzitArthaprApakatvaM pramANasyAbhyupagamyate tadA nityAnityavastupradarzakasya tad abhyupagamyatAm lokavyavahArasya tatraivopapatteH / na ca tathAbhUtatadgrAhakasya yuktibAdhitatvAnniviSayatvaM santAnaviSayasyaiva pUrvoktanyAyena yuktibAdhitatvopapatteH / -tatvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 470 pAdaTippaNa - 151 tannAdhyavasitArthaprApakaM pratyakSaM parAbhyupagamena saMbhavati / tathAhi-yadevAdhyakSeNopalabdhaM tadeva tenAdhyavasitam na ca santAnastena pUrvamupalabdha iti kathamasAvadhyavasIyate? na hi kSaNamAtrabhAvinAM santAninAM darzanaviSayatve tatpRSThabhAvinA'dhyavasAyena tadadRSTasyaiva viSayIkaraNam / na cAnyathA bhUtavastugrahaNe'nyathAbhUtAdhyavasAyinaH pradarzitArthaprApakatvaM prAmANyaM yuktam tathAbhyupagame zuktikAyAM rajatAdhyavasAyino'pi tat syAt / athAtra pravRttena rajataM na prApyata iti na prdrshitaarthpraapktvm| athAtra santAna eva prApyate tarhi sa eva vastusan bhavediti na sAmAnyadharmAH svarUpeNAsanto'bhyupagantavyAH akSaNikasya ca vastunaH siddheH| -tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 470-71 pAdaTippaNa - 152 ___yaduktaM bhavadbhiH - "darzanena kSaNikAkSaNikatvasAdhAraNasyArthasya viSayIkaraNAt kutazcid bhramanimittAdakSaNikatvArope'pi na darzanamakSaNikatve pramANam kintu pratyutApramANaM viparItAvasAyAkrAntatvAt kSaNikatve'pi na tat pramANaM anurUpAdhyavasAyA'jananAt nIlarUpe tu tathAvidhanizcayakaraNAt prmaannm"| tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 471 pAdaTippaNa - 153 tadetad virudhyate / kiJca, evaMvAdina ekasyaiva darzanasya kSaNikatvAkSaNikatvayoraprAmANyaM nIlAdau tu prAmANyaM prasaktamityanekAntavAdAbhyupagamo balAdApatati / -tatvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 471 pAdaTippaNa - 154 na ca kSaNagrahaNe tadviparItasantAnAvasAyotpattau darzanasya prAmANyaM yuktaM marIcikAsvalakSaNagrahaNe jalAdhyavasAyina iva,yato "yadeva mayA tattvato dRSTaM tadeva prAptam" ityadhyavasAye tasya prAmANyaM vyavasthApyate / na ca dRSTasya kSaNikasantAnisvarUpeNa santAnasya prAptiriti prAk pratipAditam

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pariziSTa (dvitIya adhyAya)-ka 391 svarUpeNa tu tasyA'sattvAt prAptyaviSayataiveti na dharmottaramataparyAlocanayA kiJcit paramArthataH pradazitArthaprApakaM pramANaM saMbhavati ataH saMvAdakatvamapi tanmatena pramANalakSaNamayuktam / -tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 471 pAdaTippaNa - 155 tathAhi te prAhuH - pramANamavisaMvAdivijJAnamiti / avisaMvAdakatvaM cArthaprApakatvamucyate / tacca pratyakSAnumAnayorubhayorapyastIti sAmAnyalakSaNam / tatra pratyakSasya svapradarzitasvalakSaNakSaNasya kSaNikatvena prAptyasambhave'pi tatsantAnaprApteH sambhavAt santAnAdhyavasAyajananameva praapktvm| dvividho hi pratyakSasya viSayo grAhyo'dhyavaseyazca / tatra grAhyakSaNa ekaH sakalasajAtIyavijAtIyavyAvRttaH / svalakSaNAkhyasya tatra parisphuraNAt / idameva grAhyatvamarthasya yat svaakaarjnyaanjnktvm| idameva ca grAhakatvaM jJAnasya yadAkAratayAtmalAbhaH / adhyavaseyaH punaH santAnaH / bahavazca svalakSaNalakSaNA upAdAnopAdeyabhAvamApannAH santAnaH / tasya cAdhyavaseyatvamagRhItasyApi prvRttivissytvm| adhyavaseyArthasantAnApekSayaiva ca pratyakSasya prAmANyavyavasthA svalakSaNasya prApayitumazakyatvAt |...tsmaat santAnAdhyavasAye satyavisaMvAdakatvena pratyakSasya prAmANyam |...prtykssjnyviklpen santAnAdhyavasitatvAt pratyakSeNAdhyavasitaH sa itybhidhiiyte| ___ anumAnasya punarapAramArthikasAmAnyaviSayatayA prAntatve'pi praNAlikayA mUlavastu lakSaNaprabhavatvAnmaNiprabhAyAM maNibuddhiriva vastuprAptyA prApakatvam / yatastasyApi grAhyAdhyavaseyatayA viSayo dvividhaH / tatrAdhyavaseyaM svalakSaNam / grAhyastuviSayo sAmAnyameva / tatpunarbahistAdAtmyenAdhyavasIyamAno bujhyAkAro vaa| alIkabAhyaM vA'ntarbahirUpam / paramArthatastu na kshcidnumaanvissyH|--svprtibhaase'nrthe'rthaadhyvsaayen pravRttatvAt prAntaM c| anumAnaM hi svAtmani pratibhAte'narthe sAmAnyasvarUpe'rthatvaM svalakSaNarUpatAmAropya pravartata iti prAntam / tathApi svabhAvakAryaliGgadarzanajanyatayA pAramparyeNa svabhAvini kAraNe ca pratibaddhatvAt tatprApakatayArthAvisaMvAdakatvena prmaannm| taduktam . "atasmiMstadgraho prAntirapi sambandhataH pramA" iti / anumAnavikalpAntarANAM niytaarthprtibndhaabhaavaadpraapktvenaavisNvaadktvaanupptterpraamaannym| yathAdhyavasitaprApakaM ca pramANam / ataH pItazaMkhAdinAhijJAnAnAM zaMkhamAtrAdiprAptau satyAmapi na prAmANyaM ythaadhyvsitsyaapraapteH| adhyavasito hi pItaH zaMkhaH prApyate na tu shvetH| tasmAd yathAdhyavasitArthaprApakamavisaMvAdijJAnaM pramANamiti sthitam / -vAdidevasUri, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 36-37 pAdaTippaNa -157 etadadhyavasitAkhilavastuprApakatvamavisaMvadanaM yat /

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392 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vyAhRtaM sakalamAnasamAnaM lakSma tanna ghaTanAmupayAti // adhyavasAyasya sugatazAsane vastuviSayatvAbhAvAt / avastunazca prAptumazakyatvAt / taduktam " yathAdhyavasAyamatattvAt yathAtattvaM cAnadhyavasAyAt" iti / mUlabhUtavastuprAptiH punaraMdhakaMTakIyanyAyamanusarati / nahi tadanyatareNApi pramANena dRSTaM yadgatvA prApyate / santAnaprAptyA tatprAptirityapi na pezalam / kSaNakSayiparamparAtaH pRthagbhUtasya pAramArthikasya santAnasya tAthAgatairasvIkaraNAt / athApAramArthike'pi santAne sati saMvRtimAhAtmyAt pramANalakSaNamidaM nirvakSyati / yathoktam "sAMvyAvahArikasya caitat pramANasya lakSaNaM / vastutastvanAdyavidyAvAsanAropitagrAhyagrAhakAdibhedaprapaJcaM jJAnamAtramevedamiti kiM prApyate kiM vA prApayati" iti / tadidaM svasamayodghoSaNamAtraM na kaJcana prAkaraNikamarthaM samarthayate / avicAritaramyA hi pratItiH saMvRtiriti sammataM saugatAnAm / yA ca na vicAragocare vicarati / tathApi pramANalakSaNanirvahaNamiti mahatkaitavam / avidyAvAsanAnirmitazca na prAhyagrAhakAdivyavahAraH / kintu tAttvika eveti jJAnAdvaitavighaTanapradyaTTake prakaTayiSyate / yadi cAparamuttaraprakAramanavadhArayadbhiH sAMvRta eva saMtAnaH parikalpyate, hanta tarhi naiyAyikAdisammatA jAtyavayavisamavAyaprabhRtayo'pi saMvRtinirmitamUrtayaH kimiti na parikalpyante / vRttivikalpAdibAdhakavidhurIkRtatvAditi yadi mataM tarhi bhedAdivikalpaiH santAnasya pratihanyamAnatvAt tatrApi tulyaH panthAH / evaM ca sati visaMvAdApetaM yadiha kimapi jJAnamakhilam / pramANaM tadvauddhairabhihitamidaM tu pratihatam // - vAdidevasUri, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 37-38 pAdaTippaNa - 160 saMvRtyA lakSyalakSaNabhAva iti cet keyaM saMvRtirnAma / upacAra iti cet asti tarhi mukhyaH kvacillakSyalakSaNabhAvaH / kvacinmukhyasyAsattAyAmupacArasyA'pravRtteH / vicArato'nupapadyamAnA vikalpabuddhiH saMvRtiriti cet kathaM tayA lakSyalakSaNabhAvaH / tasya tatrAvabhAsanAditi cet / siddhastarhi bauddho lakSyalakSaNabhAvastadvadabauddho'pi kiM na sidhyet / vikalpAdvahirbhUtasya tasyAsambhavAditi cet / na tasyAsambhave tAdRravikalpaviSayatvAyogAt / na ca sakalo vikalpaviSayo'sambhavanneva / . sarvo vikalpo'sambhavad viSayo vikalpatvAt manorAjyAdivikalpavaditi cet / sarvaM pratyakSamasambhavadviSayaM pratyakSatvAt kezondukapratyakSavaditi kiM na syAt / pratyakSAbhAso'sambhavadviSayo dRSTo na pratyakSamiti cet / tarhi vikalpAbhAso'sambhavadviSayo na vikalpa iti samAnaH parihAraH / yataH pravartamAno'rthakriyAyAM na visaMvAdyate tatsamyakpratyakSamiti cet / yato vikalpAdarthaM paricchidya pravartamAno'rthakriyAyAM na visaMvAdyate sa satya iti kiM nAnuma

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pariziSTa (dvitIya adhyAya)--ka nyase / . yathA ca viziSTaM pAdapAdirUpaM svArthakriyAM nirvartayati tathA pAdapAdisAmAnyarUpamapi pratipattuH paritoSakaraNaM hi yadyarthakriyA tadA tatsAmAnyasyApi sA samastyeva kasyacittAvatA paritoSAt / atha svaviSayajJAnajanakatvamarthakriyA tadapi sAmAnyasyAstyeva / tatra yathA visadRzapariNAmAdvizeSAdvisadRzapariNAmastathA sadRzapariNAmAt sAmAnyAt sadRzapariNAma iti / tato vastveva sAmAnyaM vizeSavat tatra ca pravartamAno vikalpo vastunirbhAsaH saMvAdakatvAdanupaplava eva pratyakSavat / tAdRzAcca vikalpAllakSyalakSaNabhAvo vyavasthApyamAno na buddhyArUDha eva / yataH sAMvRtaH syAditi siddhaH pAramArthiko lakSyalakSaNabhAva iti / - syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 32-33 393

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya) -kha pAdaTippaNa - 220 sA dvividhA samAsataH yAdRcchikI naimittikI ca / nAmagrahaNAd yAdRcchikI jAtyAdigrahaNAcca naimittikI gRhiitaa| nimittanirapekSaM nAma yAdRcchikaM "Dittho DavitthaH" ityAdi / ...akSAdhipatyotpannamiti rUpAlokamanaskAracakSurdhyaH sampravartate / vijJAnaM maNisUryAMzugozakRbhya ivAnalaH // cakSuHpratItya rUpaM ca AlokaM ca bAhyaM samanantaraniruddhaM manaHsaMjJitaM cittaM cittAntarAvakAzadAnAtmakaM pratItya cakSurvijJAnamutpadyate, caturmizcittacaitAH (abhidharmakoza 2/64) iti siddhAntAt / tathApi ca adhipatinA cakSuSA vyapadizyate 'cakSurvijJAnam' iti,asAdhAraNakAraNatvAt,yathA yavAkura iti bIjatuvArimArutAkAzasaMyoge satyapIti / -siMhasUri,nyAyAgamAnusAriNI, dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga - 1, pR0 60 pAdaTippaNa - 221 ___ ghaTAdikalpanApoDhaM pratyakSam / atha kA kalpanA? nAmajAtiguNakriyAdravyasvarUpApannavastvantaranirUpaNAnusmaraNavikalpanA / tato'poDhamakSAdhipatyotpannamasAdhAraNArthaviSayamabhidhAnagocarAtItaM pratyAtmasaMvedyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam / "cakSurvijJAnasamaGgI nIlaM vijAnAti no tu nIlam" iti abhidharmAgamo'pi / prakaraNapAde'pyuktam nIlaH sa nAma nIlaM na nIlArtho'nakSaraH sa ca / nIlamiti bhASamANo nIlasyArtha na pazyati // etasyaivArthasya bhAvanA tu - arthe'rthasaMjJI,na tvarthe dharmasaMjJI (abhidhrmpittk)| arthe rUpAdike svarUpasaMjJI,arthasvarUpavizeSamAtrAlambanayA saMjJayA nirvikalpayA samprayuktaM svalakSaNaviSayamasya santAnasyeti / na tvarthe rUpAdike ydRcchaadinaamsNjnyii| evamabhidharma uktam - dharmo nAmocyate nAmakAyaH padakAyo vyaMjanakAyaH / -mallavAdI,dvAdazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga-1,pR0 59-62 pAdaTippaNa- 223 kalpitamapi tvidamaphalamalaukikatvAt / svavacanavyapekSAkSepadustaravirodhaparihAraM tvaduktivadevedamapratyakSam, kalpanAtmakatvAnnirUpaNavikalpAtmakatvAdAlambanaviparItapratipattyAtmakatvAdadhyAropAtmakatvAt sAmAnyarUpaviSayatvAt tadatadaviSayavRttitvAt sadasadabhedaparigrahAtmakatvAt sarvathA sAdhAraNArthatvAdeH,anumAnAdijJAnavat |-dvaadshaarnyckr (ja) bhAga-1, pR0 63 pAdaTippaNa - 224 tatra prativiviktarUpAntarAviviktasvatattve rUpasaMghAte indriyasannikRSTe AlambanaviparItA yeyaM

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha 395 pratipattiravyapadezyaikAtmakanIlarUpaviSayA nanu hetvapadezavyapadezyaiva sA / yataH saJcayagrahaNApadezena vyapadezyaM dhUmenevAgniriva gRhyate tato'nyat kalpitamekaM sAmAnyaM nIlarUpaM taddvAreNa / - dvAdazAranayacakra (ja),bhAga-1,pR0 65 pAdaTippaNa - 228 tiSThatu tAvat pratyakSavidhividhAnAbhyupagamena svalakSaNamAtraviSayapratyakSatvasya virodhaH pratyakSaviSayatvAbhyupagamavirodhaH / "cakSurvijJAnasamaGginIlavijJAnam" ityetadeva tu na ghaTate prtyksslkssnnodaahrnnm| evaM te saJcayasya rUpamAtratvAt tadgrahaNe tatpratyakSatvAt saJcitAlambanakalpanAvaiyarthyAdatanmAtratve saMvRtisattvAdarUpatvAcca cakSurnaiva cakSuH syAt, ubhayathApi rUpAgrAhitvAt ,ghaTAdivat / vijJAnamapi na vijJAnaM syAt, anyathArthapratipatteH, alAtacakrAdijJAnavat / na ca cakSurvijJAnaM samaGgati, rUpAdanyatrAsambhavAt / ... nIlavijJAnasambandhI na bhavati tatsaMtAnaH tadAkArajJAnotpattihe. tvabhAvAt, adagdhasya dAhAjJAnavat / ...nIlaM ca saJcayaM ca pratyekasamuditakAraNatvAd vijJAsyatIti cet na, yugapajJAnA'saMbhavAt, jJAnasya kriyAvaidhAt / ...tayorekajJAnatvAdekajJeyatve itaretaratve sarvasarvAtmavAditA / .. yattUktaM no nIlamiti etadevaikaM saMvadati, kadAcidapi nIlaparamANvAkAraniyatajJAnotpattihetvabhAvAt, samudAyasyAnIlatvAt / bhedatattvAbhimatapratyekasamudAyaparigrahe'pi teSAmitaretaranIlatvenAnIlatvAdatadrUpatvAjjAtyAkArAdinA ananyatvakarasyAnupapatteratyantavyAvRttArthatvAd dravyasadrUpatvAd grahaNAbhAvAnna nIlaM vijAnAti / ataeva pratyakSavidhivAkyasyaiSo'rtha Apadyate-cakSurvijJAnasamaGgI saJcitAlambanaH santAnaH saJcayaM saMvRtisantaM nIlaM vijAnAti,tasyAsatazcakSuSA grahaNAt / no tu nIlamevaM bhavati, paramArthasatparamANunIlatvAt / -dvAdazAranayacakra (a), bhAga-1,pR.70-77 pAdaTippaNa - 229 ___ bhAvanA tvasya - anarthe'rthasaMjJI, na ca kadAcit kazcidapyarthe dharmasaMjJI / anarthe saMvRtisati samudAye dravyasannIlasaMjJI,na tvarthe'rthasaMjJI na tvarthe eva dravyasati arthasaMjJI tasyAtIndriyatvAt / na ca kadAcit kazcidapyarthe dharmasaMjJI, atIndriyatvAdatyantaM sarvakAlamaprAhyatvAt / anarthe eva dharmasaMjJI, anarthe evAsati nAmAdidharmasaMjyapi, saJcayasya nAmAdInAM ca kalpanAtmakatvAt kalpanApohAsambhavAt / tataH zUnyazUnyapratyutpAdanAvadasadviSayatvAnnirmUlakalpanAmAtrasatyatA / -dvAdazAranayacakra (ja) , bhAga-1,pR.77-78

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396 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pAdaTippaNa - 230 pratyakSasyApratyakSatvasAdhane ca dve lezenonnIte tvayaiva tvadabhimatapratyakSamanekArthajanyatvAdanumAnavat / anumAnamapi hi pakSadharmAdyanekArthajanyam / jJApakaH sa heturiti cet, kArakAdapi anekasmAdarthAjjAyate sadhyasAdhana dharmAnvayaikAntavataH / na, asaJcitAnekArthajanyatvAdanumAne / nanu dhUmAdirapi saJcaya eva gRhIto'gnyAdimaNUniva gamayati / tathA svArthe sAmAnyagocaratvAdanumAnavadapratyakSam / anumAnaM vA pratyakSaM syAt, anekArthajanyatvAt svArthe sAmAnyagocaratvAt pratyakSavat / dvayamapyetadekameva, ekalakSaNatvAt / dvAdarazAranayacakra (ja), bhAga-1, pR. 94-95 pAdaTippaNa - 231 kiM tat sarvathA kalpanApoDham, utAho kathaJciditi / yadi sarvathA 'asti pramANaM jJAnaM kalpanApoDham' ityevamAdikalpanAbhyo'pyapoDhamiti, astyAdivacanavyAghAtaH / atha astyAdi kalpanAbhyo'napoDhamiSyate; 'sarvathA kalpanApoDham' iti vacanavyAghAtaH / atha kathaJcitkalpanApoDham ekAntavAdatyAgAt punarapi svavacanavyAghAta eva / - akalaGka, tattvArthavArtika, pR. 55 pAdaTippaNa - 234 na vai jJAnameva pramANam, atiprasaGgAt, saMvyavahArAnupayoginaH saMzayaviparyAsakAraNasya akicitkarasya ca jJAnasya bhAvA'virodhAt / - akalaGka, laghIyastraya, akalaGkagraMthatraya, pR. 1-2 yataH prabhRti prekSApUrvikA puruSapravRttiH tasya mukhyataH pramANatvopapattiH / svecite' nyAnapekSasya avisaMvAdaikabhavanasya vikalpaviSayasya ca tattvataH, yato'yamaskhaladvRttiH hitAhitaprAptiparihArayoH saMkaravyatikaravyatirekeNa pravarteta / - siddhivinizcayayaTIkA, pR. 97 viSadarzanavadazasya darzanamavikalpakam / na syAtpramANaM sarvamavisaMvAdahAnitaH // - siddhivinizcaya, 1.24 viSamAlokya tatra ajJa iva pramANayati na punaH vyavasAyAtmakaM pramANamavisaMvAdakamiti lakSayati ceti viparItalakSaNaprajJo devAnAMpriyaH / sarvameva darzanamavikalpakaM kathaM pratyakSaM visaMvAdakaM ajJasya viSadarzanamiva / vyavasAyAtmakasyaivAvisaMvAdakatvopapatteH / taditarasyAvyavasAyAtmakatvena visaMvAdAt / - siddhivinizcayaTIkA, pR. 108 pAdaTippaNa - 235 nanu avikalpakaM sukhAdinIlAdinirbhAsijJAnamavisaMvAdakam, na ca tadavisaMvAdakam apitu vikalpameva vyavasAyAtmakatvAt / tadavisaMvAdinaH pratyakSasya nirvikalpakatve kSaNakSayAdivat sAdha

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha 397 nAntaramapekSate anizciyAditi / - siddhivinizcayaTIkA, pR.108 pAdaTippaNa * 236 ___ kalpanApoDhamaprAntamapi darzanaM visaMvAdayatyeva yathAdarzanaM nirNayAyogAt / .... tasmAnnAyamavikalpo'nubhavaH svalakSaNagrAhI yathArthanirbhAsaM vyavasAyayituM samartho'visaMvAdako nAma / na cAvikalpitena svabhAvena svalakSaNavyavasthApanaM yuktamadvaitavaditi bhedAbhAvAt / -siddhivinchiyaTIkA, pR.108 pAdaTippaNa -238 svasaMvedyaM vikalpAnAM vizadArthAvabhAsanam / saMhRtAzeSacintAyAM savikalpAvabhAsanAt ||-lviiyskhaay, 23 sarvata :saMhRtazcintAM stimitAntarAtmanA sthito'pi cakSuSA rUpaM saMsthAnAtmakaM sthUlAtmakamekaM sUkSmAnekasvabhAvaM pazyati na punaH asAdhAraNaikAntaM svalakSaNam / -laghIyasvAya, akalaGkaanyatraya , pR.8 pAdaTippaNa - 240 pratisaMviditotpattivyayA : satyo'pi kalpanAH / / pratyakSeSu na lakSyeraMstatsvalakSaNabhedavat ||-lghiiykhaay, akalaGkaanyatraya, pR.9 sadRzAparAparotpattivipralambhAt tadvizeSAdarzino'navadhAraNam asamIkSitAbhidhAnam ,sarvathA tatsAdRzyAniSTe : / pratisaMhAraikAnta : saMbhavati na veti cintyametat / kathaM ca pratyakSabuddhayaH sarvathA vikalpAH punarvikalperan / - laghIyatAyavRtti, akalaGkaaMdhatraya, pR.9 pAdaTippaNa - 242 avikalpakamabhrAntaM pratyakSAbhaM paTIyasAm / avisaMvAdaniyamAdakSagocaracetasAm / / sarvathA vitathArthatvaM sarveSAmabhilApinAm / tatastattvavyavasthAnaM pratyakSasyeti sAhasam ||-nyaayvinishcyvivrnn,pR.520-22 pAdaTippaNa * 243 kiJcitkenacidviziSTaM gRhyamANaM vizeSaNavizeSyatatsambandhAdigrahaNamantareNa na bhavitumarhati / tataH pratyakSasadRzArthAbhidhAnasmRtiranabhilApinI abhilApAdiviSayA siddhA / abhilApasaMsargayogyapratibhAsA pratIti : kalpaneti vizeSaNAdadoSazcet svArthasannikarSanirbhAsavizeSavaikalyarUpavyatirekeNa na tadvizeSaNArthamuprekSAmahe / pazyan svalakSaNAnyekaM sthUlamakSaNikaM sphuTam / yadvyavasyati vaizadyaM tadviddhi sadRzasmRte : // 9 //

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398 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA svalakSaNAni svayamabhimatakSaNakSayaparamANulakSaNAni pazyato'pi kevalameko hi jJAnasannivezI sthavIyAnAkAra : parisphuTamavabhAsate / - siddhivinizcayaTIkA,pR. 37-38 pAdaTippaNa -245 pratyakSamavibhAgaM ceccittaM bhAgIva kiM bahi: / nAntastadeva pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhamaJjasA // 14 / / kalpanApoDhasyAbhrAntasyApi vikalpabhrAntisaMbhave pratyakSatadAbhAsayo : kiM kAraNamAzritya bhedaM lakSayediti pratyakSasya lakSaNAntaraM zakyaM vaktum, candramekaM pazyato'pi dvicandraprAnti : mAnasI svayamavibhAgabuddhau kalpanAracitagrAhyagrAhakasaMvittibhedasaMvedanavat / -siddhivinizcayaTIkA, pR.70 pAdaTippaNa - 246 vyavasAyAtmano dRSTe: saMskAra:smRtireva vA / dRSTe dRSTasajAtIye nAnyathA kSaNikAdivat // 4 // darzanAbhyAsapATavaprakaraNAdeH dRSTasajAtIyasaMskArasmRtiprabodhe svabhAvavyavasAyamantareNa kSaNabhaGgAdAvapi liGgAnusaraNamanupapannaM tadavizeSAnIlAdivat / -siddhivinizcayaTIkA, pR.26 sarvasyaiva nirvikalpakajJAnasya samAropavyavacchedAkAGkSiNaHprAmANyaM na syAt / -laghIyastrayavRtti, akalaGkagraMzatraya pR.3 vaizadyamata eva syAt vyavasAyAtmana : smRte / asaMskArapramoSe hi saMjJAnaM nApi pazyatAm // vyavasAyAtmana : saMskAraprabodhasya kAraNasAmagyA svato vaizadyamanubhavataHko virodha :? : -siddhivinizcaya,pR.35 pAdaTippaNa-248 buvan pratyakSamabhrAntaM bahirantarasaMbhavam / anumAnabalAdadhyakSamanAtmajJastathAgata : // 22 // svabhAvanairAtmyaM sarvathA sarvabhAvAnAM buvan pratyakSamabhrAntaM lakSayan kathamunmatta : ? kutazca yathAdarzanameva mAnameyaphalasthitiH na punaH yathAtattvamiti svayamavabudhyeta bodhayati vA pramANAderabhAvAt |-siddhivinishcyttiikaa , pR.92 pAdaTippaNa - 249 pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhamabhrAntamiti kecana / teSAmaspaSTarUpA syAt pratIti : kalpanA'thavA // svArthavyavasitirnAnyA gatirasti vicArata : /

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)- kha abhilApavatI vittistadyogyA vApi sA yata: / aspaSTA pratIti: kalpanA, nizcitirvA kalpanA iti parisphuTaM kalpanAlakSaNamanuktvA abhilApavatI pratIti : kalpanetyAdi tallakSaNamAcakSANo na prekSAvAn graMthagauravAparihArAt / - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.12.8-9 evaM vRtti pR. 180 pAdaTippaNa - 251 tatrAdyakalpanApoDhe pratyakSe siddhasAdhanam / spaSTe tasminnavaizadyavyavacchedasya sAdhanAt // aspaSTapratibhAsAyA : pratIteranapohane / pratyakSasyAnumAnAderbheda : kenAvabudhyate // - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.12.10-11 pAdaTippaNa - 252 svArthavyavasitistu syAtkalpanA yadi saMmatA / tadA lakSaNametatsyAdasaMbhAvyeva sarvathA // tAdRzakalpanApoDhasya kadAcidasaMbhavAt vyavasAyAtmakamAnasapratyakSopagamavirodhazca / -tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.12.12 evaM vRtti, pR. 183 pAdaTippaNa - 253 (1) saMhRtya sarvatazcittaM stimitenAntarAtmanA / sthito'pi cakSuSA rUpaM svaM ca spaSTaM vyavasyati // tato na pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhaM pratyakSata eva sidhyati, nApyanumAnAt / tathAhi 399 punarvikalpayankiJcidAsInme svArthanizcayaH / dRgityeva budhyeta prAgindriyagatAvapi // tato'nyathA smRti rna syAtkSaNikatvAdivat punaH / abhyAsAdivizeSastu nAnya: svArthavinizcayAt // taduktam - tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.12.13-15 (2) nanu cArthadarzanasya nizcayAtmakatve sAdhye pratyakSavirodha : saMhRtasakalavikalpadazAyAM rUpAdidarzanasyAnizcayAtmakasyAnubhavAt / saMhRtya sarvatazcintAM stimitenAntarAtmanA / sthito'pi cakSuSA rUpamIkSate sAkSajA matiH // pramANavArtika, 2.124 tathAnumAnavirodho'pi vyutthitacittAvasthAyAmindriyAdarthagatau kalpanAnupalabdhe: / tatra kalpa

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400 nAsadbhAve punastatsmRtiprasaGgaH tadA vikalpitakalpanAvat / tadapyuktam - punarvikalpayan kiJcidAsInme kalpanedRzI / iti vetti pUrvoktAvasthAyAmindriyAdgatau // - pramANavArtika, 2.125 tadetadapi dharmakIrteraparIkSitA'bhidhAnam ; pratyakSato nirvikalpakadarzanasyAprasiddhatvAt / saMhRtasakalavikalpAvasthA hyazvaM vikalpayato godarzanAvasthA / na ca tadA godarzanamavyavasAyAtmakam, punaH smaraNAbhAvaprasaGgAt, tasya saMskArakAraNatvavirodhAt, kSaNikatvAdivat / vyavasAyAtmana eva darzanAt / saMskArasya smaraNasya ca saMbhavAt / anyatastadanupapatte: / taduktam - vyavasAyAtmano dRSTe : saMskAra : smRtireva vA / dRSTe dRSTasajAtIye nAnyathA kSaNikAdivat // - siddhivinizcaya - 1.4 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pAdaTippaNa - 254 tadakalpakamarthasya sAmarthyena samudbhavAt / jAtyAdyAtmakabhAvasya sAmarthyena samudbhavam / savikalpakameva syAt pratyakSaM sphuTamajasA // paramArthena vizadaM savikalpakaM pratyakSaM na punaravikalpakaM vaizadyAropAt / yathAvabhAsato kalpAt pratyakSAtprabhavannapi / tatpRSThato vikalpa: syAt tathArthAkSAcca sa sphuTa: // pAdaTippaNa - 255 - pramANaparIkSA, pR. 8-9 -tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.12.16-18 na cAbhilApavatyeva pratIti: kalpanA jAtyAdimatpratIterapi tathAtvAvirodhAt / na ca jAtyAdirUpatvamarthasyAsiddhamaJjasA / nirbAdhabodhavidhvastasamastAreki tattvataH // 19 // svato hi vyavasAyAtmapratyakSaM sakalaM matam / abhidhAnAdyapekSAyAmanyonyAzrayaNAt tayoH // 21 // sati hyabhidhAnasmaraNAdau kvacid vyavasAyaH sati ca vyavasAye hyabhidhAnasmaraNAdIti kathama nyonyAzrayaNaM na syAt / saMketasmaraNopAyA dRSTasaMkalpanAtmikA / naiSA vyavasitiH spaSTA tato yuktAkSajanmani // 20 // gatvA sudUramapyevamabhidhAnasya nizcaye / svAbhilApAnapekSasya kimu nArthasya nizcayaH // 23 // -tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1.12.19-23

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha 401 pAdaTippaNa - 256 tataH pratyakSamAstheyaM mukhyaM vA dezatopi vaa| syAnnirvikalpakaM siddhaM yuktyA syAtsavikalpakam / sarvathA nirvikalpatve svArthavyavasitiH kutH| sarvathA savikalpatve tasya syAcchabdakalpanA // -tatvArthazlokavArtika,1.12.26-27 pAdaTippaNa - 257 savitarkavicArA hi paJcavijJAnadhAtavaH / ityevaM svymisstttvaannaikaantenaaviklpkm| vidhUtakalpanAjAlaM yogipratyakSameva cet sarvathA lakSaNAvyAptidoSaH kenAsya vAryate / tadapAye ca buddhasya na syAddharmopadezanA / - tatvArthazlokavArtika, 1.12.28-32 pAdaTippaNa - 260 tadetadavicAritaramaNIyaM tAthAgatasya; vyavasAyo hi darzanajanyaH / sa kiM darzanaviSayasyopadarzako'nupadarzako vA iti vicAryate / yadyapadarzaka : tadA sa eva tatra pravartaka :prApakazca saMvAdakatvAt, samyaksaMvedanavat na tu tannimittaM darzanam sannikarSAdivat / athAnupadarzakaH,kathaM darzanaM tajjananAt svaviSayopadarzakama, atiprasaMgAta, saMzayaviparyAsakAraNasyApi svaviSayopadarzakatvApatteH / darzanaviSayasAmAnyAdhyavasAyitvAdvikalpasya tajjanakaM darzanaM svaviSayopadarzakamiti ca na cetasi sthApanIyam, darzanaviSayasAmAnyasyAnyApohalakSaNasyAvastutvAt, tadviSayavyavasAyajanakasya vastUpadarzakatvavirodhAt |-prmaannpriikssaa,pR.6 pAdaTippaNa * 270 pravartakasya ca pratyakSatvamanumataM bhavatAM prApye bhAvinIti cet ; na tasya tenApratipatteH / apratipanne'pi pratyakSatve atiprasaGgAt / dRzyapratipattireva tasyApi pratipattistayorekatvAditi cet; ucyate vastuto yadi tadbhAvaH kSaNabhaGgi jagatkatham? saMvRtyA yadi tanna syAt pratyakSamavikalpakam // 1185 // vAdirAja, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga-1,pR. 520 pAdaTippaNa - 271 bhavatu vartamAnaviSayameva pratyakSam,na ca tasyApravartakatvam,upalambhaparitoSamAtrAdeva tadupapatteH,

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402 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadaSTi se samIkSA bhAvini tu tasya tattvaM vyavahartRjanAbhiprAyAdeva na tattvata iti cet ; nanvevaM kSaNabhaGgAdAvapi tasyaiva prAmANyAt kimarthA tatra pramANAntarapravRttiH? samAropavyavacchedasya vihitottaratvAt / nizcayArthe cet nIlAdAvapi kinna tatpravRttiH? pratyakSAdeva tasya nizcayAditicet; kathametat tasyAnizcayarUpatvAt ? nizcayahetutvAditi cet ;na,nirvikalpakatvAt / nirvikalpakaM hiM pratyakSaM kathaM nizcayahetuH arthavat ? nizcayasaMskArAdeva vinizcayaH pratyakSasya taddhetutvaM tatsaMskAraprabodhAditi cet ; na ttprbodhsyaapyrthaadevopptteH| tanna pratyakSAnnizcayaH / bhavanapi kathaM nIlAdAveva na kSaNakSayAdAvapi yatastatraiva prmaannaantrprvRttiH| darzanapATavAderubhayatrAvizeSAditi nirUpitatvAt / apekSaNe ca nizcayasya tasyaiva mukhyaM prAmANyaM bhavet svArthavyavasAyaM; pratyanapekSatvena sAdhakatamatvAt,na pratyakSasya viparyayAt / avisaMvAdasyApi tadAyattatvAt, satyeva hi tasminnIlAdau tadavalokanAt asati ca kSaNakSayAdau satyapi pratyakSe viparyayAt / - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga-1,pR. 520-21 pAdaTippaNa - 272 na hi teSAmevAvadhArito visaMvAdo nirvikalpasya,virodhAt / na ca tamantareNa prAmANyam, tasya tena vyAptatvAt anyathA'tiprasaGgAt / na cAprAmANyasya pratyakSatvam, ityupapannam avikalpakamityAdi / na ca teSAmaprAmANyam; avisaMvAdasya tatrAvazyambhAvAt / dvicandrAdicetasAM tu vyavasAyatvameva nAsti; vidhUtabAdhasyaivAvasAyasya vyvsaayopptteH| kathaM punaH vyavasAyarUpatve taccetasAmavikalpakatvam, vikalpavizeSasyaiva vyavasAyatvAt / -nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga1,pR. 521 pAdaTippaNa - 273 ___ na hyathArthAdanumAnavikalpAttadavasthApanamupapannam, asti caitatparasya "pratyakSaM nirvikalpakam arthasAmarthyAdutpatteruttarArthakSaNavat ityAdeH,na santi pratyakSe kalpanAH,upalabdhikSaNaprAptAnAmanupalambhAt, bhUtale ghaTavat" ityAdezca tadvyavasthApanayogasya darzanAt / -nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa,bhAga-1, pR0 524 pAdaTippaNa -275 vyavasthitameva tat svato'pi tasya tattvavyavasthiteH pratyakSa kalpanApoDhaM pratyakSeNaiva sidhyati" iti vacanAditi cet,kimidAnImanumAnena? vyAmohaviccheda iti cet,sati vyAmohe kathaM vyavasthitatvam atiprasaMgAt / tanna tatastadavagamaH / nApi tadvikalpAt,tasya tadavagamAtpUrvaM vikalpAntaravadapramANatvAt / tadavagame pramANatvamiti cet na, parasparAzrayAt - tadavagamAtprAmANyam ,sati ca

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)- kha / tasmiMstadavagamaH iti / nApi tadvikalpanAntarAt, tatrApyevaM prasaGgAdavyavasthitidoSAcca / tato vikalpabalAdeva vikalpAnAM vitathArthatvaM pratyakSatvaJca vyavasthApayatAM na sarvathA vitthaarthtvmbhyupgntvym| tathA ca siddhaM nIlAdivikalpasyApi satyArthatvaM nirupadravatvAditi tasyaiva tatra prAmANyaM nirapekSatayA tadvyavasAyaM prati sAdhakatamatvAt, avisaMvAdaniyamAcca, na nirvikalpasya viparyayAditi pratyakSAbhAsameva tat na pratyakSam / - nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, bhAga-1 pR0 524 pAdaTippaNa - 277 atrAha vaiyAkaraNaH na vAksaMsparzarahitA kAcit pratipattirasti zabdAnuviddhAyAstasyAH pratibhAsanAt / yadi tu saMsparzavikalA sA'bhyupagamyeta prakAzarUpatApi tasyAH hIyeta vAgrUpatA hi zAzvatI pratyavamarzinI ca tadabhAve na tasyAH kiJcidaparaM rUpamavaziSyate / taduktam I vAgrUpatA ced vyutkrAmedavabodhasya zAzvatI / prakAzaH prakAzeta sA hi pratyavamarzinI // vAkyapadIya, prathamakANDa 1 . 124 na ca nirastollekhaM svasaMvedanaM vyavahAraviracanacaturamiti savikalpamabhyugantavyam / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI (saMmatitarkaTIkA), pR. 489-91 40 3 pAdaTippaNa - 278 asadetat yato'dhyakSaM puraH sannihitameva bhAvAtmAnamavabhAsayati tatraivAkSavRtteH / vAgrUpatA ca na puraH sannihiteti na sA tatra pratibhAti / na ca vyApitayA padArthAtmatayA vA arthadeze sannihitA vAgiti taddarzane sApyavabhAti, vAcAmarthadeze sannidherayogAt / tathAhi yadA'kSAnvaye saMvedane purastho nIlAdirAbhAti na tadA taddeza eva zabdAtmA vaktRmukhadezasya tasyAvabhAsanAt / na cAnyadezatayopalabhyamAno'nyadezo'bhyupagantuM yuktaH nIlAderapi tathAbhAvaprasakteH / ato vAgviviktasya nIlAderavabhAsanAnnArthadeze vAksannidhiriti na tatsaMsparzavatyakSamatiH / na ca padArthAtmatA vAco yuktA, tattvenApratibhAsanAt / stambhAdirhi zabdAkAraviviktaH puraH pratibhAti zabdo'pyarthaviviktasvarUpeNa zrotrajJAne'vabhAtIti na tayoraikyaM pratibhAsabhedato bhedAt / -- zabdAtmake'pi padArthe'bhyupagamyamAne zrutireva zabdapariNatimadhigacchati locanaM ca rUpavivarta paryetItyabhyupagantavyam anyathaikamevAkSaM viSayapaJcakaM viSayIkarotIti tatrApyakSapaJcakakalpanA viphalatAmanubhavet tataH sakalamakSavedanaM vAcakavikalaM svaviSayamevAvalokayatIti nirvikalpakam |--- na ca yadyapi vAg dRzi na pratibhAti tathApi smRtau pratibhAtIti vizeSaNamarthasya bhinnajJAnagrAhyasyApi vizeSaNatvopapatteriti vaktuM zakyam saMvidantarapratItasya svAtantryeNa pratibhAsanAt tadanantarapratIyamAnavizeSaNatvAnupapattiH / yato naikakAlamanekakAlaM vA zabdasvarUpaM svatantratayA svagrAhiNi

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404 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jJAne pratibhAsamAnaM vizeSaNabhAvaM pratipadyate sarvatra tasya tadbhAvApatte : --- yadi ca vAksaMsRSTasyaivArthasya grahaNaM tadA'gRhItasaMketasya bAlakasya tadgrahaNaM na bhavet / atha tasyApi 'kim' iti vAgullekho'stIti tadanuSaktatadgrahaNaM savikalpakaM naitad yuktam ; tasya kimapi iti sAmAnyasyaiva grahaNaM bhavenna vizeSasyeti na vizadAvabhAsyarthasaMvedanasaMbhavaH |ydaa cAzvaM vikalpayato godarzanaM pariNamati tadA tadvAgaparicchedAt kathamavabodhasya zAzvatI vAgrUpatA ? na hi tadA gozabdollekhastadavabodhasya saMbhavati tatsaMvedanAbhAvAt yugpdviklpdvyaanutptteshc| tato'dhyakSamarthasAkSAtkaraNAnna vAgyojanAmupaspRzatIti nirAkRtam "vAgrUpatA ced vyutkrAmet" ityAdi locanAdyadhyakSe vAksaMsparzAyogAt ,yata :zrotragrAhyAM vaizvarI vAcaM na tAvannayanajasaMvedanamupaspRzati tasyAstadaviSayatvAt / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, dvitIyakANDa,pR. 489-91 pAdaTippaNa -279 syAdetat yadyapi vAco nayanajapratipattyaviSayatvAnna tadviziSTArthadarzanamadhyakSaM tathApi dravyAdernayanAdiviSayatvAt tadviziSTArthAdhyakSapratipatti : savikalpikA bhaviSyati / tathAhi-niyatadezAditayA vastu paridRzyamAnaM vyavahAropayogi anyathA tadasaMbhavAd dezAdisaMsargarahitasya ca tasya kadAcidapyananubhavAt / yacca dezAdiviziSTatayA nAmollekhAbhAve'pi vastu saMgRhNAti tat savikalpakam 'vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvena hi pratIti : kalpanA' dezAdayazca nIlAdivad tadavacchedakA darzane pratibhAntIti na tatra zabdasaMyojanApakSabhAvI doSaH / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.493 pAdaTippaNa - 280 etadapyasat , yato'dhyakSaM purovarti nIlAdikamavalokayituM samartham na tadavaSTabdhaM bhUtalam, tadanavabhAse ca kathaM tadviziSTamarthaM tadavagantuM prabhuH yadapi tadanavaSTabdhaM tatra pratibhAti tadapi na tadvizeSaNamiti zuddhasyaiva sakalasya pratibhAsAnna vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvagrahaNam / tathAhi-darzane rUpamAlokazca svasvarUpavyavasthitaM dvitayamAbhAti na tadvayatiriktaM kAladigAdikamiti kathamapratibhAsamAnaM tadvizeSaNaM bhavati sarvatra tadbhAvaprasakteH tena "dezAdibhirviziSTasya sarvasyArthasya saMvedanam iti nirastam vizeSaNabhUtasya kasyacidapratibhAsanAt / ... kiJca, samAnakAlayorvA bhAvayorvizeSaNavizeSyabhAvam,bhinnakAlayorvA akSabuddhiravabhAsayati ? na tAvad bhinnakAlayo : tayoyugapat tatrApratibhAsanAt yadA hi vizeSaNaM svAdikaM pUrvamavabhAti na tadA svAmyAdikaM vizeSyam yadApi cottarakAlaM tadavabhAti na tadA svAdikam asannidhAnAditi na tadviziSTatayA'dhyakSeNa tasya grahaNam / ....nApi tulyakAlayo vayorvizeSaNavizeSyabhAvamadhyakSamadhigantuM samartham tasyAnava

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha 405 sthiteH / tathAhi-aviziSTe'pi daNDapuruSasaMyoge kazcid daNDaviziSTatayA puruSaM 'daNDI' iti pratipadyate aparastu tatraiva puruSaviziSTatayA 'daNDo'sya' iti pratipadyate / asaMketitavizeSaNavizeSyabhAvastu daNDa -puruSo 'iti svatantra dvayamadhigacchati vAstave tu tasmin yogyadezasthapratipatRRNAM daNDapuruSarUpayoriva tulyAkAratayA'vabhAso bhavet na caivam / tena daNDapuruSasvarUpameva svatantramadhyakSAvaseyam vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvastu kalpanAviracita eva / .... vizeSaNayojanA tu smaraNAdupajAyamAnA apAstAkSArthasannidhirmAnasI / -tatvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.493-94 pAdaTippaNa -281 ___ nanu yadi na purasthitArthagrAhI vikalpa :kathaM tatastatra pravRttirbhavet ? yadeva vizeSaNAdikaM prAk tenAnubhUtaM tatraiva tata : pravRttirbhavet na hi svAtmAnamanArUDhe'rthe pravRttividhAyi vijJAnamupalabdham anyathA zuklamarthamavatarantI saMvitrIlArthe pravartikA bhavet / na ca nirvikalpakameva saMvedanaM vartamAne'rthe pravRttividhAyi,vikalpamantareNApi sarvatra pravRttiprasakte : / na ca sukhasAdhanatvanizcayamantareNa puraH prakAzanamAtreNa kazcit pravartata iti vikalpa eva purovyavasthitArthagrAhI pravartakatvAt akSAnusAritayA ca sa evAdhyakSamiti yuktaM pUrvadRSTanAmAdivizeSaNagrAhI nizcaya iti,etadapyasaGga tam,dhUmaprAhyadhyakSavyatiriktAspaSTAvabhAsAgnyanumAnAkArasyeva vizadadarzanabhRto'rthAkArAd vyatiriktavikalpamatyullikhyamAnA'spaSTAkArasya tadA'nanubhavAt / --- yato yadi nAma purovartinamartha vikalpamatirudyotayituM prabhavati tathApi na tatra pravRttiH pravRttiviracanAcaturArthakriyAsamartharUpAnavabhAsanAt tadavabhAsane hyarthakriyArthinAM prvRttiryuktaa| na cArthakriyAsambandhaM vartamAnasamayasambandhinyarthe tAH pradarzayituM samarthAH tadAnIM tasyA asnnidhaanaat| asannidhau ca na tatra sAmarthyAvagatiH padArthasvarUpamAtrAvasAyAt / na ca tatsvarUpamAtrAvasAyAdeva sAmarthyAvagatiH atiprasaGgAt / tataH purovartini pravartamAno'pi na vikalpakaH prvrtkH| - pUrvadarzanamanusmaranneva pUrvadRSTatAM vyavahArI tatrAdhyAropayati vismaraNe tadanadhyavasAyAt / yacca smRtiradhyavasyati svarUpaM na tadarzanapathopayuktam AkArabhedAt / na ca taddarzanasmaraNe ekaM viSayaM bibhRtaH 'pUrvadRSTaM pazyAmi' ityadhyavasAyAt / yataH kiM smaryamANaM dRzyamAnatayA rUpaM pratIyate, Ahosvid dRzyamAnaM smaryamANatayeti vikalpadvayam / tatra yadyAdyaH pakSastathA sati smaryamANaM parisphuTatayA rUpamAmAtIti kathaM tasya parokSatA? atha dvitIyastatrApi dRzyamAnaM smaryamANena rUpeNAvabhAtIti sarva parokSaM bhavediti na kAcidadhyakSamatiH satyArthA syAt / ato'kSadhIvartamAnameva rUpaM pratyeti smRtirapi tadasaMsparzi parokSa rUpamiti na tayoraikyampratibhAsabhedasya sarvatra bhedakatvAt tasya

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA ca vizadAvizadarUpatayAvabhAsamAnayordRzyasmaryamANayoH sadbhAvAt kathaM na bheda : ? - na hi dRzyamAnasmaryamANayorabhedasiddhi : dRzyamAne smRte : smaryamANe ca dRzo'navatArAt / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 494-496 40 6 pAdaTippaNa - 282 tanna jAtirdarzane kalpanAjJAne vA bahirAkAramAbibhratI svena vapuSAM pratibhAti kalpanAbuddhAvapapyavizadAkAravyaktirUpamantaH zabdollekhaM vApahAya varNasaMsthAnavyatiriktajAtisvarUpAnavabhAsanAt / tannApratIyamAnA jAtiH satI / evaM guNakriyAdInAmapyapratibhAsanAdasattvamiti na tadviziSTArthagrAhyadhyakSaM savikalpakatAmanubhavati / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 497 pAdaTippaNa - 283 atha nirvikalpakatve'dhyakSeNa zuddhavastuprahaNAt kathaM tato vyavahRtiH sA hi heyopAdeyayorduH khasukhasAdhanatvanizcaye hAnopAdAnArthA dRSTA, na ca nirvikalpakamadhyakSaM tannizcayarUpam, asadetat; yato yadyapi savikalpakamadhyakSaM tathApi kathaM tadarthinAM tatra tataH pravRtti : ? na hi nizcayamAtrAt phalArthinaH pravartante apitu tajjananayogyatAvasAyAt, sA cAsannihitaphalAnizcaye na nizcetuM zakyA / na ca parokSaM sukhasAdhanatvaM nizcinvatI matiradhyakSatAmanubhavati anumiteradhyakSatAprasakteH parokSanizcayarUpatAyA avizeSAt / na ca nizcayAtmakenAdhyakSeNa vastu nizcIyate tatpratibaddhA ca prAgarthakriyopalabdhA tataH purasthArthAvasAyAt tatra smRti: prAdurbhavantI tatrAbhilASajananAt pravRttimupajanayati nirvikalpake'pyasya samAnatvAt / atha vastusvarUpapratibhAsaM darzanamarthakriyAsambandhAnubhavAnna pravRttimuparacayituM kSamam tatsambandhAnubhave vA savikalpakaM tad bhavet / na cApravartakasya prAmANyam - "prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa" ityatra vyAvahArikasya caitat pramANasya lakSaNamuktam ityabhidhAnAt, asadetat ; yato na darzanaM kevalaM pramANaM kSaNikatvAdAvapi tasya bhAvAt, kintu abhyAsapATavAdisavyapekSaM yatrAMze vidhipratiSedhavikalpadvayaM janayat puruSaM pravartayati tatrAsya prAmANyamiti nizcayApekSasya pratyakSasya vyavahArasAdhakatvAnna prAmANyakSatiH ; nanvemapi yadi nizcaye sati pravRttistadabhAve ca netyabhyupagamastarhipravRttikaraNAnnizcaya eva pramANaM bhavet, na ca darzanagRhItaM nIlaM nizcinvannupajAyamAno vikalpo gRhItaprAhitayA apramANam, yato'rthakriyAsambandhitAmullikhantI darzanAvagatasyArthasya kalpanA pravRttimAracayati / sarvatra ca kalpaneva pravRttiM viracayati darzanAbhAve'pyanumAnAt pravRttidarzanAd darzanasadbhAve'pi kSaNikAdau vyavasAyAbhAvAt pravRtterabhAvAd vyavahAramuparacayantI mati: pramANamiti na nirvikalpikA sA pramANaM kintu vikalpikaiva / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 497-98

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha 407 pAdaTippaNa - 284 nanu na vikalpasyAprAmANyaM kintvasau pratyakSaM na bhavati anumAnatA'bhyupagamAt / atha liGgajatvAbhAvAdaparokSamarthaM nizcinvan kathamanumAnaM vikalpa :? naitat yato nAparokSamevArthamasau nizcinoti arthakriyAsambandhitvasya parokSasyApyadhyavasitestadabhAve ca pravRtterayogAt / ___ nanvanyagatacetaso'bhyaste parimalAdAvavikalpAkSamateH pravRttidarzanAt kathaM na nirvikalpakaM pravartakam ? kiJca, yadyanumitireva bAhye sarvadA pravRttimAracayati tarhi tatra nAdhyakSa pramANamiti svasaMvedanamAtramevaikamadhyakSaM bhavet tathA ca -"rUpAdisvalakSaNaviSayamindriyajJAnam AryasatyacatuSTayagocaraM yogavijJAnam " ityAdi caturvidhAdhyakSopavarNanamasaGgagatamanuSajyeta / atha nirvikalpakamadhyakSaM nArthasyArthakriyAyogyatAmadhigacchati tadabhAve na pravRttirityapravartakatvAnna bAhye pramANaM taya'numAnamapi nArthakriyAsaGgatimavabhAsayati tasyAvastuviSayatvAt tathA ca tadapi kathaM pravartakam? atha tadadhyavasAyitayA tasyotpatterarthagrAhitvAbhAve'pi pravartakatA,asadetat ;tadadhyavasAyitvasyApyanupapatte : / nanvanumAne sati pravRttirdRSTA tadabhAve sA na dRSTeti tatkAryAsau nizcIyate tIbhyAsadazAyAM vikalpavikale darzane sati pravRttirdRSTA pratipadoccAraM tatra vikalpanAsaMvedane'pi pura: parisphuTapratibhAsamAtrAdeva pravRttyupapattestatkAryA'sau kiM na vyavasthApyate ? athAnumAnAdanabhyAsadazAyAM pravRtirupalabdheti tadantareNa sA kathaM bhavet ? na mandAbhyAse'numAnAdeva pravRttiH abhyAsadazAyAM tu paryAlocanalakSaNAnumAnavyatirekeNApi vastudarzanamAtrAdeva samastu tathAdarzanAt anyathA'nabhyAsadazAyAmanumAnAt pravRttidarzanAt sarvadAnumAnasyaiva vyavahatijanakatve pratyakSeNa liGgagrahaNAbhAvatas tannizcayakRdaparamanumAnamabhyugantavyam tatrApyanumAnAntarAlliGganizcaya iti nizcayakRdaparamanumAnamityanavasthAprasaGgato na kadAcid vyavahatirbhavet / tato'vikalpakaM darzanamabhyAsadazAyAM vyavahArakRdabhyupagantavyamanyathA pUrvoktaprakAreNAnumAnAnavatArAt / -tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.498-99 pAdaTippaNa - 286 atra pratividhIyate - svArthanirNayasvabhAvaM pratyakSaM na bhavati' ityetat kiM tadgrAhakapramANAbhAvAdabhidhIyate, Ahosvit tadbAdhakapramANasadbhAvAt ? tatra na tAvadAdya : pakSo'bhyupagamArhaH sthirasthUlasAdhAraNasya stambhAderarthasya bahirantazca sadravyacetanatvAdyanekadharmAkrAntasya jJAnasyaikadA nirNayAt sAMzasvArthanirNayAtmano'dhyakSasya svasaMvedanapratyakSasiddhatvAt tadgrAhakapramANAbhAvo'siddha /

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408 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA nApi tadbAdhakapramANasadbhAvAt tasyaivAsiddheH / tathAhi tadbAdhakamadhyakSam anumAnaM vA prakalpyeta pramANAntarAnabhyupagamAt / na tAvadadhyakSaM tadbAdhakaM saMbhavati avikalpaprasAdhakasya tasya tadbAdhakatvAta na ca niraMzakSaNikaikaparamANusaMvedanaM svasaMvedanAdhyakSata : siddhamiti prAka pratipAditamiti nAdhyakSaM tadbAdhakam / nApyanumAnaM tadbAdhakaM saMbhavati adhyakSApravRttau tatpUrvakasya tasyApi tatrApravRtte : |-tttvbodhvidhaayinii,pR.499 evaM 515 pAdaTippaNa - 290 na ca vikalpAvikalpayormanasoryugapadvRtte : kramabhAvinorlaghuvRttervA ekatvamadhyavasyati janastavetyavikalpA'dhyakSagataM vaizadhaM vikalpe sAMzasvArthAdhyavasAyinyadhyAropayatIti vaizadhAvagati :ekasyaiva tathAbhUtasvArthanirNayAtmano vizadajJAnasyAnubhUterananubhUyamAnasyApyaparanirvikalpakasya parikalpane buddhezcaitanyasyAparasya parikalpanAprasaGga iti sAMkhyamatamapyaniSedhyaM syAt / kiJca savikalpAvikalpayo : ka : punaraikyamadhyavasyati ? na tAvadanubhavo vikalpena Atmana aikyamadhyavasyati vyavasAyavikalatvenAbhyupagamAt tasya anyathA prAntatAprasaGgAt / nApi vikalpo 'vikalpena svasyaikyamadhyavasyati tenAvikalpasyAviSayIkaraNAt anyathA svalakSaNagocaratAprApteH aviSayIkRtasya cAnyatrAdhyAropAbhAvAt na hyapratipannarajata :zuktikAyAM rajatamadhyAropayituM 'rajatametat ' iti samartha : / na ca yathezvarAdivikalpastada... tasyAsiddhezca / na hi marIcikAjalarUpatayA'dhyavasitA tadrUpatayA'siddhArthakriyopayoginyupalabdhA evamanubhavo'pi vikalparUpatayA'dhyavasitastathA'siddho nArthakriyopayogI nAta :kiJcit sidhyati / nApi vikalpaH tasyA'vastuviSayatvAbhyupagamAt / yadi punarvikalpastadrUpamAtmAnamadhyavasyet tarhi paramArthaviSayatA tasyeti "vikalpo'vastunirbhAsAd visaMvAdAdupaplava " iti asaGgataM syAt / ata eva na vikalpAntaramapi tamadhyavasyet tasyApi tulyadoSatvAt / kiJca tayoraikyaM vyavasyatItyatra yadi vikalpaM nirvikalpakatayA manyate vyavahArI tadA nirvikalpakameva sarva jJAnamiti vikalpavyavahArocchedAdanumAnapramANAbhAva : / athAvikalpakaM vikalpatayA tadA savikalpameva sarva pramANamiti avikalpapratyakSavAdo vizIryeta / yathA hi prajJAkarAbhiprAyeNa maNiprabhAyAM maNijJAnaM 'ya eva maNirmayA dRSTa : sa eva prApta : ' ityabhimAnina : pratyakSaM pramANam anyathA'bhyAsadazAyAM bhAvini dRzyaprApyayorekatvAdhyavasAyAt pratyakSameva pramANamiti na bhavet.. yathA hi dRzyaM prApyAropAprApyam tathA'vikalpo vikalpAropAd vikalpo bhavet nyAyasya samAnatvAt / tatvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.499-500

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha pAdaTippaNa- 291 atha vikalpenAvikalpasya sahasrAMzunA tArAnikarasyeva tiraskArAnna tathA nirNayastarhi vikalpasyApyavikalpena tiraskArAt pratibhAsanirNayo na syAt / atha vikalpasya balIyastvAdavikalpasya ca durbalatvAt tena tasya tiraskAra :, nanu kuto vikalpasya balIyastvam ? pracuraviSayatvAditi cet, na, avikalpaviSaya eva pravRttyabhyupagamAt anyathA'sya gRhItagrAhitvAsaMbhavAt / nirNayAtmakatvAt tasya tadAtmakatvamiti cet ;nanu tasya kiM svarUpe nirNayAtmakatvam, utArtharUpe ? na tAvat svarUpe "sarvacittacaittAnAmAtmasaMvedanaM pratyakSaM" (nyAyabindu ,1.10) ityasya virodhAt / evamapi tatra tasya nirNayAtmakatve cakSurAdijJAnaM svaparayostadAtmakaM kiM na bhavet ? tathA ca svArthAkArAdhyavasAyAdhigamazcakSurAdicetasAM siddha iti kena kasya tiraskAra :? tanna vikalpa : svarUpe nirnnyaatmko'bhyupgntvyH| athA'rthe tasya nirNayAtmakatvama :nanvevamekasya vikalpasya nirNayAnirNayasvabhAvaM rUpadvayamAyAtam tacca parasparaM tadvatazca yadyekAnto bhinnamabhyupagamyate samavAyAderanabhyupagamAt sambandhAsiddheH 'balavAn vikalpo nirNayAtmakatvAt ' ityasyAsiddhi : / . atha nirNayAnirNayasvabhAvayoranyo'yaM tadvatazca kathaJcitAdAtmyaM tarhi yat svAtmani anirNayAtmakaM bahirarthe ca nirNayasvabhAvaM rUpaM tatsAdhAraNamAtmAnaM pratipadyate ced vikalpaH svarUpe'pi savikalpakaH prasaktaH anyathA nirNayasvabhAvatAdAtmyAyogAt / na ca svarUpamanizcinvan vikalpo'rtha nizcinoti itarathA'gRhItasvarUpamapi jJAnamarthagrAhakaM bhavediti na naiyAyikamatapratikSepaH / yathA ca parajJAtamananubhUtatvAnnAtmano viSayastathA vikalpasya svarUpamanizcitatvAnnAtmano viSaya iti samAnaM pazyAma : / na ca tasyApi vikalpAntaraNa nizcayaH tasyApi vikalpAntaraNa nishcyaaptternvsthaaprskteH|- atastadAkAraviSayIkaraNAsaMbhavAd vikalpyArthAbhAvato dRzyavikalpyAvarthAvekIkRtya pravartata ityayuktamabhidhAnam / tato na balavAn vikalpa iti kathaM tenAvikalpatiraskAra iti avikalpanizcayastadaiva bhavet na caivamato nAvikalpasya vikalpenaika tvAdhyavasAya : |-tttvbodhvidhaayinii, pR.500-502 pAdaTippaNa - 292 kiJca,vikalpe'vikalpasyaikatvenAdhyAropa iti kuto nizcIyate ? aspaSTAsvalakSaNavAhiNi spaSTasvalakSaNagrAhitvasya pratItestadadhyAropAvagatiriti cet ; nanu yadi nAma tatra tatpratIti : avikalpAropastu kuta : ? spaSTatvAdestaddharmasya tatra darzanAditi cet ; taddharmaH spaSTatvAdirityetadeva kutaH? tatra darzanAditi cet ; ata eva vikalpadharmo'pyastu anyathA'vikalpasyApi mA bhUt / na ca

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bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vikalpavyatirekeNAvikalpamaparamanubhUyate yasya spaSTatvAdidharmaH parikalpeta evamapi tatra tatparikalpane tato'pyaparamananubhUyamAnaM vizadatvAdidharmAdhAraM parikalpanIyamityanavasthAprasakti: / tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 502 410 pAdaTippaNa - 293 ata kiJcijjJAnaM savikalpakamaparaM nirvikalpakaM rAzyantarAbhAvAt vikalpasya cArthasAmarthyo dbhUtatvAsaMbhavAnna vizadatvAdidharmayoga : avikalpasyApi tadyogAbhAve vizadatvAdikaM na kvacidapi bhavedityavikalpasyaiva tadabhyupagantavyam / bhavedetat yadyarthasAmarthyaprabhavatvena vaizadyAdervyAptiH syAt tadabhAve tanna bhavet na caivam arthasAmarthyodbhUte'pi dUrasthitapAdapAdijJAne vaizadyAderabhAvAt yogipratyakSe cArthaprabhavatvAbhAve'pi ca bhAvAt / na ca tadapyarthasAmarthyodbhUtam tatsamAnasamayasya cirAtItAnutpannasya cArthasya tadgrahaNAnupapatte: / tathAhiprAgasarvajJa : san - . athAnyena svabhAvena tarhi sAMzaM tat prasajyata iti tadgrAhiNo'pi jJAnasya sAMzaikavastuprAhakatvena savikalpakatAprasaktiH / evaM bhAvikAraNe'pi vaktavyam / tanna yogipratyakSamarthasAmarthyaprabhavamabhyupagantavyam anyathA pUrvoktadoSaprasakte: / vikalpajJAnamarthasAmarthyAprabhavamapi yadi vizadaM bhavet tadA ko virodha : ? - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 502 pAdaTippaNa - 295 nanu svapnAvasthAyAM purovartihastyAdyavabhAsamekaM jJAnamanubhUyate aparaM tu smaraNajJAnam tatra pUrvollekhatayopajAyamAnasya yadi vaizadyavaikalyam naitAvatA sarvavikalpasya purovartistambhAdyullekhavato vaizadyAbhAva: tatra tasya svasaMvedanAdhyakSata: pratIte: / na cAvikalpakaM taditi vaktavyam sthirasthUlapurovyavasthitahastyAdyavabhAsina: svapnadazAjJAnasyAvikalpakatve anumAnasyApi sAMzavastvadhyavasAyino nirvikalpakatvaprasaktervikalpavArtAviratireva syAt / ata eva 'prathamaM nirvikalpakaM nirazaMvastugrAhakaM tadarthasAmarthyodbhUtatvAt taduttarakAlabhAvi tu nirvikalpakajJAnaprabhavamarthanirapekSaM sAMzavastvadhyavasAyi savikalpakamavizadaM laghuvRttestu nirvikalpakajJAnavaizadyAdhyAropAt tatrAdhyakSatvAbhimAno lokasya' iti etadapi nirastaM draSTavyam / vikalpa eva pUrvoktanyAyena vaizadyopapatenirvikalpakasya ca niraMzakSaNikaparamANumAtrAvasAyinaH kadAcidapyanupalabdhestatra vaizadyakalpanAyA dUrApAstatvAt / tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR. 502-503 pAdaTippaNa - 299 atha saMhRtasakalavikalpAvasthAyAM purovartivastunirbhAsi vizadamakSaprabhavaM jJAnamavikalpakaM

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha 411 saMvedyata eva tathA cAdhyakSasiddha eva jJAnAnAM kalpanAviraha iti nAtra pramANAntarAnveSaNamupayogi / taduktam -"pratyakSaM kalpanApoDhaM pratyakSeNaiva sidhyati " ityAdi |tthaa punarapyuktam - saMhRtya sarvatazcintAM stimitenAntarAtmanA / sthito'pi cakSuSA rUpaM vIkSate sAkSajAmati : // na hyasyAmavasthAyAM nAmAdisaMyojitArthollekho vikalpasvarUpo'nubhUyate / na ca vikalpAnAM svasaMviditarUpatayA'nanubhUyamAnAnAmapi saMbhava iti vikalpavikalA sAvasthA siddhA, asadetat ; yatastasyAmavasthAyAM sthirasthUlasvabhAvazabdasaMsargayogyapurovyavasthitagavAdipratibhAsasyAnubhUte : savikalpakajJAnAnubhava eva / na hi zabdasaMsargapratibhAsa eva savikalpakatvam tadyogyAvabhAsasyApi kalpanAtvAbhyupagamAt anyathA'vyupannasaMketasya jJAnaM zabdasaMsargavirahAt kalpanAvanna syAt / na ca pUrvakAladRSTatvasya - zabdasaMsargayogyapratibhAsasya vizadatayA vikalparUpasyApyadhyakSatopapatte : zabdayojanAmantareNApi sthirasthUrArthapratibhAsaM nirNayAtmakaM jJAnamadhyakSamabhyupagantavyam anyathA tasya prAmANyamevAnupapannaM bhavet / pAdaTippaNa - 301 vikalpazca zabdasaMyojitArthagrahaNaM tatsaMyojanA ca zabdasmaraNamantareNAsaMbhavinI tatsmaraNaM ca prAktatsannidhyupalabdhArthadarzanamantareNAnupapattimat tadarzanaM cAdhyakSata : kSaNikatvAdAviva nizcayajananamantareNAsaMbhavi nizcayazca zabdayojanAvyatirekeNa nAbhyupagamyata ityadhyakSasya kvacidapyarthapradarzakatvAsaMbhavAt prAmANyaM na bhavet / tasmAt zabdayojanAmantareNApyarthanirNayAtmakamadhyakSamabhyupagantavyam anyathA vikalpAdhyakSeNa liGgasyApyanirNayAt anumAnAt tannirNaye anavasthAprasakteranumAnasyApyapravRttitaH sakalapramANAdivyavahAravilopa : syAt |-ttvbodhvidhaayinii (sanmatitarkaTIkA), pR.503-504 pAdaTippaNa - 302 yadapi 'niraMzavastusAmodbhUtatvAt prathamAkSasannipAtajaM niraMzavastuprAhi nirvikalpakamiti' tadapyasaMgatam , niraMzasya vastuno'bhAvena tatsAmaryodbhUtatvasya nirvikalpakatvahetostatrAsiddhe : / na ca yat niraMzaprabhavaM tanniraMzagrAhi, niraMzarUpakSaNaprabhavasyApyuttararUpakSaNasya tagrAhitvAdarzanAt / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.504 api ca yadi niraMzavastusAmodbhUtatvAt kalpanApoDhamadhyakSaM svasaMvedanaM tathAbhUtavastuprabhavatvAbhAvAt saMvedanayAhi nirvikalpakaM ca na bhavet / tatvabodhavidhAyinI, pR.509

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412 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pAdaTippaNa - 303 atha nAnubhavamAtrAd vikalpaprabhavaHanyathA nirNayAtmakAnubhavavAdino'pi vistIrNapraghaTTakAdau varNapadavAkyAdeH sakalasya nirNayAtmanA'dhyakSeNAnubhavAt smaraNavikalpAnudayo na bhavet / athAtradarzanapATavAbhyAsaprakaraNAdyapekSA tantrApi sA tulyeti, etadapyasat, yato darzanasya pATavaM saccetanAdau tadgrahaNayogyatA tatsAmarthya apATavaM tadagrahaNayogyatA tacca darzanasya dRzyasya ca sAMzatAyAmupapattimaditi kathaM na savikalpakatA? vikalpajananAjanane tatpATavApATave api nAbhyupagamanIye saaNshtaapttidossaadev| athAbhyAsAdisahAyaM darzanaM vikalpamutpAdayati ; nanvemapi yadeva saccetanAdau darzanaM tadeva cet, anyatrobhayatra vikalpotpattirbhavet---na cAbhyAsAdisahAyamavikalpakaM kadAcid vikalpamupajanayad dRSTamiti kathaM tasya sahakArisacivasya vikalpajanakatAbhyupagamaH? atha saccetanAdivikalpamavikalpakamutpAdayad dRSTamiti tadabhyupagamaH, syAdetat yadi kramabhAvihetuphalabhUtamavikalpasavikalpakaM jJAnadvayamavasIyeta |n ca tadavasIyate sAMzaikavikalpasvabhAvasya sAmAnyavizeSAtmakavastumAhiNaH prathamamevopajAyamAnasyaikasyaiva nishcyaat|| yadapyavikalpakasyAbhyAsAdisahAyavikalpajanane praghaTTakAsmaraNaM dRSTAntatvenopanyastam, tadapyayuktam ; yato varNAdInAM tajjJAnAnAM ca vyaktibhedAd dRDhasaMskArANyeva nizcayAtmakAnyapi jJAnAni smRtijanakAni nAparANIti pratiniyataviSayasmRtisaMbhavAnna sakalapraghaTTakAsmaraNadoSaH anizcayAtmakaM tu jJAnaM kSaNikatvAdAviva nakvacid vikalpaheturbhavet ityuktaM prAk / na ca bhavatpakSe saccetanAdisvargaprApaNazaktyAdInAM parasparaM tadanubhavAnAM ca bhedaH yenedamuttaraM samAnaM bhavet / tathAhisaccetanAditatsAmarthyayorabhede tadanubhavAdekarUpAdubhayatra saMskAraH smaraNaM vA bhavet na vA kvaciditi anyathA anubhavasya sAMzatApattiriti savikalpakatvaM bhavet / -tatvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 506-507 pAdaTippaNa - 306 ekasyArthasvabhAvasya pratyakSasya sataH svym| ko'nyo na dRSTo bhAgaHsyAt yaHpramANaiH parIkSyate ||-prmaannvaartik,3.43 no ced prAntinimittena saMyojyeta gunnaantrm| zuktau vA rajatAkAro rUpasAdharmyadarzanAt ||-prmaannvaartik,3.44 atra ca tAtparyArthaH - yad yato'bhinna tasminnanubhUyamAne tadanubhUyate, yathA tasyaiva svarUpam abhinnaM ca saccetanAdezcetasaH svargaprApaNasAmarthyam tasya tato bhede smbndhaasiddheH|- na ca tatsAmarthya tacvetasobhinnamiti tadanubhave tasyApyanubhavaH candragrahaNe'pi tadekatvAgrahaNatastaimirikadarzanena vyabhicArAt / tasyApi prahaNamiti cet, na ; prAnterabhAvaprasaGgataH "kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha 413 pratyakSam" (nyAyabindu, 1.4) ityatrAdhAntagrahaNAnarthakyaprasaktervyavacchedyAbhAvAt / candragrahaNamapi tatra nAstIti cet, na ; ekatvApratipattAvapi tatpratibhAsadarzanAt / ekasya dvitvaviziSTatayA tasya grahaNAnmarIcikAjalajJAnavad prAntaM taditi cet, na..."prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa zAstraM mohanivartanam" (pramANavArtika,1.7) iti bhavataivAbhihitatvAt / na caikatrajJAne prAntetararUpapadvayamayuktam....sarvapramANavyavahAralopaH / tatvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 507-508 pAdaTippaNa - 307 __ yasya tu mataM dRzyaprApyayorekatve avisaMvAdAbhimAninaH pratyakSaM pramANam itarasya tayoviveke satyanubhUte'pi na pramANam tasya candradarzane candraprAptyabhimAninaH kimiti candramAtre tanna pramANam ? vivekAnadhyavasAyinastu yadi tadananubhUte'pyekatve pramANaM tarhi "yad yathAvabhAsate tattathaiva paramArthasadvyavahArAvatAri yathA nIlaM nIlatayA'vabhAsamAnaM tathaiva sadvyavahArAvatAri avabhAsante ca kSaNikatayA sarvebhAvAH" ityanumAnamasaGgataM hetorsiddhtaapraapteH| tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 508 pAdaTippaNa, 308 avikalpakaM darzanaM pramANamiti cet,na, suSuptAvasthAyAM tatprasaGgAt tatrApi caitanyasadbhAvAt anyathA prabodhAvasthAvijJAnamanupAdAnam acetanopAdAnaM vA bhavet |---n ca suSuptAvasthAyAM vikalpAnutpatterna tatprasaGgaH vikalpavazAt tAdAtmye satyapi tadvyavasthAyAM bAhyArthe'pi tata eva tadvyavasthopapattervikalpa eva pramANaM bhavet / tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 509 pAdaTippaNa - 310 yadapi "abhyAsadazAyAM darzanameva vikalpanirapekSaM pramANam" iti tatra vaktavyaM kva tat pramANam ? prApye bhAvini rUpAdAviti cet, tasyAviSayIkaraNe tenAyuktam anyathA nIlajJAnaM pIte pramANaM syAt viSayIkaraNe bhAviviSayatvaM tasyaiva bhavet tathA ca "vartamAnAvabhAsi sarvaM pratyakSam" iti virudhyeta / atha vartamAnaviSayamapi bhAvini pravRttividhAnAt pramANam,na; aviSayIkRte pravartakatvAsaMbhavAt pravartakatve vA zAbdamapi sAmAnyamAtraviSayaM vizeSe pravRttiM vidhAsyatIti na mImAMsakamatapratikSepo yuktH| yadi vA viSaye'pi kutazcinnimittAd jJAnaM pravartakaM tarhi pratyakSapRSThabhAvisAmAnyamAtrAdhyavasAyivikalpasya vizeSe pravartakatvaM bhaviSyatIti na yuktam"dRzyavikalpyayorarthayorekIkaraNaM tatra pravRttinimittam" ityabhidhAnAt / tanna prApye tat pramANam / dRzyaprApyayorekatve tat pramANamiti cet kuta etat ? vyavahAriNAM tatrAvisaMvAdAbhiprAyAt avisaMvAdi ca jJAnaM pramANam / taduktam - "pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnam, arthakriyAsthitiravisaMvAdanam" iti cet ; nenu tadekatvaM kasya viSayaH? darzanasyeti cet, na ; tasya sAmAnyaviSayatayA savikalpa

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414 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA katvaprasakteH / vikalpasyeti cet, na; abhyAsadazAyAM vikalpasyAnabhyupagamAt / - tattvabodhavidhAyinI, pR0 512-513 pAdaTippaNa - 312 yattAvaduktam-" kalpanApoDham" ityAdi ; tatra keyaM kalpanA- abhilApavatpratibhAsaH, nizcayaH, jAtyAdyullekhaH, aspaSTAkAratA, arthasannidhinirapekSatA, anakSaprabhavatA, dharmAntarAropo vA ? -nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-1, pR0 47 pAdaTippaNa - 314 tatrAdyapakSo'yuktaH, pratibhAsasyA'bhilApavattvAnupapatteH / taddhi tatsvabhAvatvAt taddhetutvAdvA syAt ? na tAvattatsvabhAvatvAt, cetanA'cetanayoH viruddhadharmAdhyAsataH tAdAtmyA'saMbhavAt / yayoviruddhadharmAdhyAsaH na tayostAdAtmyam yathA jalA'nalayoH, viruddha dharmAdhyAsazca cetanA'cetanarUpatayA zabda-jJAnayoriti / ataH tatsvabhAvazUnyatayA pratyakSasyAvikalpakatvasAdhane siddhasAdhanam / nApi taddhetutvAt taddhi tajjanyatvam, tajjanakatvam, ubhayaM vA ? tajjanyatvena tadvattve zrotrajJAnasya avikalpakatvaM na syAt tasyA'bhilApaprabhavatayA tadvattvaprasaMgAt / tajjanakatvAttadvattve, prakRtipratyayAdipratyakSasya savikalpakatvaM syAt / ubhayapakSe'pi ubhayadoSAnuSaGga:, ekatro bhayarUpatAvirodhazca / ataH abhilApavatpratibhAsasya kalpanAlakSaNatvAnupapatteH "yo yatra zabdo na nivezitaH" ityAdi pratyAkhyAtam / -nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-1, pR0 47-48 pAdaTippaNa - 316 atha aspaSTAkAratA vikalpasvarUpam, taccAsya vikalpakatvAdeva siddhyati ; tathAhi yat savikalpakaM jJAnaM tadaspaSTaM yathA anumAnam, tathA cedaM vivAdApannaM jJAnam, ityapyasAmpratam, nirvikalpakatva-savikalpakatvAbhyAM jJAnAnAM spaSTatvA'spaSTatvayoraprasiddheH, svasAmagrIvizeSAdeva teSAM tatprasiddheH / kathamanyathA pratyayatvAt pratyakSamapi anumAnavadaspaSTaM na syAt ? anyonyAzrayazca; aspaSTAkAratve hi siddhe savikalpakatvasiddhiH, tatsiddhau ca aspaSTAkAratvasiddhiriti / kiJca, asya aspaSTatA vizeSaNaviziSTArthagrAhitvAt, ekatvaparAmarzitvAt, parokSAkArollekhitvAdvA syAt ? tatra AdyapakSadvayamayuktam; vastusvarUpasya aspaSTAhetutvAt / yat khalu vastusvarUpaM tannA'spaSTatvahetuH yathA nIlatvAdi, vastusvarUpazca vizeSaNaviziSTatvAdikamiti / parokSAkArollekhitvaJca yatrAsti tatra aspaSTatvamapyastu, nAnyatra / na hi sarvatra vikalpaH parokSa evArthe pravartate; vartamAne purovartinyapyarthe spaSTAkArollekhamukhena tatpravRttipratIteH / - nyAyakumudacandra bhAga - 1 pR0 50-51

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya) - kha pAdaTippaNa - 319 nApi arthasannidhinirapekSatA vikalpalakSaNaM purovartinyarthe satyeva asyedantayA pravRtteH na hi IdRzo vikalpo'sannihite'theM saMbhavati / atazca sannihitArthalakSaNatve'pi yadi asyA'pratyakSatA, na kiJcit pratyakSaM syAta / --nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-1, pR0 51 pAdaTippaNa - 320 nApi anakSaprabhavatA tallakSaNam, akSAnvayavyatirekAnuvidhAyitvataH akSaprabhavatvasyAtraivAvasAyAt, na hi nirvikalpakam, akSavyApArAnantaraM kadAcidapyupalabhyate / arthasAkSAtkAriNazcAsyA'kSaprabhavatvaM bhavati / na cA'vikalpasya tatsAkSAtkAritvaM saMbhavati, svarUpeNApyasyAprasiddhatvAt / yat svarUpeNAprasiddhaM na tat arthasAkSAtkAri yathA vandhyAstanandhayavijJAnam, svarUpeNAprasiddhaJca avikalpakatvAbhimataM vijJAnamiti / -nyAyakumudacandra bhAga - 1 pR0 51 pAdaTippaNa - 321 dharmAntarAropo'pi na tallakSaNam ; vikalpe hi kasya dharmAntaramAropyate ? nirvikalpakasya cet; kiM tad dharmAntaram ? vaizadyazcet: 'vandhyAsutasambandhi tat tatrAropyate' ityapi kinna syAt ? tasya taddharmAdhAratayA'prasiddheH- - kadAcidapi prasiddham, iti akSavyApAraprabhavaM vaizadyAdhyAsitaM svArthasAkSAtkAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSaM pratipattavyam / tato bhavatparikalpitapratyakSalakSaNasyAnupapatteH 'svasaMvedanendriya' ityAdinA tadbhedopavarNanam AkAzakuzezayasaurabhavyAvarNanaprakhyamityupe - kSate / - nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-1, pR0 51 pAdaTippaNa - 324 atha nizcayaH kalpanocyate, satyametat, tadrahitatvaM tu pratyakSasyA'satyam, pramANasyA'nizcayAtmakatvAnupapatteH, tathAhi pratyakSaM svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM pramANatvAd anumAnavat / yatpunaH svayamanizcitasvarUpam arthanizcayAtmakaJca na tatpramANam, yathA puruSAntarajJAnaM saMzayAdijJAnaJca / nizcayo hi saMzayAdivyavacchedena arthasvarUpAvadhAraNam, tadrUpatA ca pramANasya pramANazabdasya niruktyaivA'vasIyate / tathAhi prakarSeNa saMzayAdivyavacchedalakSaNena mIyate paricchi dyate yenA'rthaH tat pramANam, na caitannirvikalpake saMbhavatIti kathaM tatra pramANazabdasyApi pravRttiH ? vyavahArA'nupayogitvAcca na tat pramANam, yadvyavahArAnupayogi na tat pramANam yathA gacchattRNasparzasaMvedanam, tathA ca paraparikalpitaM nirvikalpakaM pratyakSamiti / 415 -nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-1, pR0 48

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416 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA pAdaTippaNa- 329 nanu nirvikalpakamapi pratyakSa vyatiriktavikalpotpAdakatvataHpravartakatvAt pramANatAM pratipadyate ; ityapi zraddhAmAtram ; tasyA'viditasvarUpasya sannikarSAdavizeSaprasaGgAt,tasyApi hi itthaM pravartakatvamupapadyate / na ca cetanA'cetanatvakRtastayorvizeSaH nirvikalpakapratyakSasyApi cetanatvA'prasiddhaH / paranirapekSatayA svarUpopadarzakaM hi cetanamucyate,na cAvikalpakAdhyakSaM svapne'pi tathA svarUpamupadarzayatIti kathaM taccetanaM yataH sannikarSAdvizeSyeta? ataH tadvizeSamicchatA vyavasAyAtmakaM tat pratipattavyam, nirvyApArasya ananubhUyamAnasvarUpasyAsya aparaprakAreNa sannikarSAd bhedA'prasiddheH / nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-1,pR0 48-49 pAdaTippaNa- 331 nanu 'pazyAmi' ityevambhUto vikalpa evAdhyakSasya vyApAraH, tatkathaM nirvyApAratA? ityapyasundaram, tadvyavasAyAtmakatvaprasaGgAt / na khalu vyApAraH tadvato bhinno, bhavadbhiraGgIkriyate ; tatsvabhAvatvAttasya / atha tat kAryatvAt tato bhinno'sau, kathaM tarhi tadvyApAraH? na hi putraH piturvyApAro bhavati / astu vA; tathApi - yadi avikalpakAdhyakSe vyavasAyasvabhAvatA na syAt tadA tatprabhavavikalpe'pi kuto'sau syAt / sa hi bodharUpatayA,vilakSaNasAmagrIprabhavatayA vA vyavasAyasvabhAvatAM svIkuryAt ? yadi bodharUpatayA; tadA'sau pratyakSe'pyasti,iti tadapi vyavasAyasvabhAvatAM svIkuryAt / tadavizeSe'pi 'yasya sAkSAdarthe grahaNavyApAraH tanna nizcinoti, yasya tu tadvyApAropajIvitvam asau nizcinoti' iti aseH kozasya tiikssnntaa| vilakSaNasAmagrIprabhavatA ca anayoH bhede siddhe siddhayet, na ca vikalpavyatirekeNa avikalpakasvarUpaM svapne'pi prasiddham / ekameva hIdaM svArthavyavasAyAtmakamindriyAdisAmagrItaH samutpannaM vijJAnamanubhUyate,na tatra svarUpabhedaH sAmagrIbhedo vA kazcit kadAcit kasyacit pratibhAti anyatra mahAmohAkrAntaHkaraNAt saugatAt / kathazcaivaM buddhicaitanyayormedaM prativarNayan sAMkhyaH pratikSipyeta? vikalpAvikalpayoriva anayorapratipannasvarUpayorapi abhyupagamamAtrAd bhedasiddhiprasaGgAt / tayorekatvAdhyavasAyAd bhedenApratipattirityapi ubhayatra smaanm| nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga-1 pR0 49 pAdaTippaNa - 332 'jAtyAdyullekha', kalpanA ityapyaviruddhama, jAtyAdInAM vizeSaNavizeSyabhUtAnAM paramArthasatAM vyAmohavicchedenAvasAyasya klpnaatvopptteH| yadapyuktam-'yad yadarthasAkSAtkArapravRttaM jJAnam' ityAdi; tatra ko'yaM vizeSaNavizeSyAdyAkAro nAma yo'rthasAkSAtkaraNapravRtte jJAne pratiSiyet-pratibimbam, ullekho vA? pratibimbaJcet, siddhasAdhyatA, jJAne tatpratiSedhasya asmAbhirapyabhyupagamAt, sakalajJAnAnAM nirAkAratvapratijJAnAt / atha ullekhaH,tanniSedho'nupapannaH,pramANasya yathAvasthitA

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pariziSTa (tRtIya adhyAya)-kha 417 rthasvarUpodyotakatvAt, tatsvarUpaJca jAtyAdiviziSTaM 'gauH' 'zuklaH', 'carati' ityAdi pratyayAt prasiddham / na khalu pratIyamAnasyA'palApo yuktaH sarvatrAnAzvAsaprasaGgAt / -nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-1,pR. 50 pAdaTippaNa - 334 paranirapekSatayA vastutathAbhAvaprakAzakaM hi pramANam,na cAvikalpakam tathA nIlAdau vikalpasya kssnnkssye'numaansyaapekssnnaat| tato'pramANaM tat vastuvyavasthAyAmapekSita- paravyApAratvAt satrikarSAdivat |-prmeykmlmaartnndd ,bhAga-1 pR.87 pAdaTippaNa - 352 kiJca asambhavAvyAptyativyAptayastrayo doSAH niSedhanIyA:lakSaNe vicakSaNaiH / na ca pratyakSazabdavAcce sarvasminnapi vastuni nirvikalpakatvAdhAntatve sambhavata ityasambhavAtivyAptyorasambhave'pyavyAptiH prAptaiva pratyakSalakSaNasya / tathAgatamekamantareNApareSAM savikalpakajJAne'pi pratyakSazabdavAcyatvasya prsiddheH| na ca tatra savikalpakatvaM parAkRtya nirvikalpakatvakalpanAM bhavAnapyAtiSThate / syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 22 pAdaTippaNa - 353 bhavati hyevamabhrAntapadasyApArthakatvaM samyagjJAnasya bhrAntatvAyogAt / atha samarthita evAbhrAntapadasyArtho vipratipattikSepo nAma / gacchavRkSAdidarzanasya hi grAhye viparyastasyApi kalpanApoDhatvaM pazyannavazyamadhyavasyet pratyakSatvaM kazciditi tatpratikSepAyAviparyastArthapratipAdakamaprAntapadamupAdeyamiti cet / hanta bauddho'pi naTa iva kevalavAkaprapaJcena vaMcayasi / gacchavRkSAdivedanaM hi tatra tatra mithyAjJAnaM mithyAjJAnamiti sarvatrAMze visaMvAdakamiti prapaJcataHpratipAdyedAnIM grAhya viparyastamiti paryAyAntaraM parikalpyAbhrAntapadena vyapohasi nanu samyagjJAnapadeneti vyaktaM te vaagvyNsktvm| syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 22-23 pAdaTippaNa - 355 __ svasaMvedanapratyakSeNa tasya kalpanAzUnyasyaivAnubhUyamAnatvAt / athAtra vipratipadyeta kazcit / nAsau vipazcit / tathAhi pratyakSasya zabdavikalpanIyAdyarthasAmarthyenAtmalAbhAttadrUpapratibhAsitvameva nyAyyaM nA'bhilAparUpapratibhAsitvamapi / asati cAbhilAparUpapratibhAsitve kathaM tatra vyavasAyasvabhAvatvaM saGgacchate / kiJca svalakSaNaninAdayo na khalu vidyate saMgatiH parasparamabhinnatA na hi tayoH pRthagdarzanAt / samasti na tadutthatApyaparahetujanyatvataH

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418 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadaSTi se samIkSA svalakSaNasamudbhavaM tadavikalpakaM vedanam // 67 // yadavAdi svasaMvedanapratyakSeNa tasya kalpanAzUnyasyaivAnubhUyamAnatvAditi / tatkozapAnapratyAyanIyam / nIlamahaM vilokayAmItyullekhazekharaM vyavasAyAtmakameva hi pratyakSaM sarvadA sarvatra sarvairanubhUyate / yadapyavAdi pratyakSasya zabdavikalanIlAdyarthasAmarthyenAtmalAbhAditi / tadapi nAvadAtam / nahi niHzabdakArthajanitamityetAvataiva dhvani vinA kRtyamabhidhAtuM pAryate / anyathA hyacetanavastusamutpAditamityacetanamapi tdbhvet| -sthAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 75-76 pAdaTippaNa - 356 tathAhi svalakSaNagocare nirvikalpakapratyakSe samutpanne'pi na yAvadvidhiniSedhadvArA pazcAd bhAvivikalpayugmaM samullasati na tAvadidaM nIlaM nedaM pItamiti idantayA'nidantayA vA pratiniyatapadArthavyavasthAnamAsthIyate tAthAgataiH "yatraiva janayedenAM tatraivA'sya pramANatA" iti vacanAt utpannasyApi nirvikalpakasya vyavahAraM prtynutpnnpraaytvaat| tacca vyavasthApakaM pratyakSapRSThabhAvivikalpayugalakaM pratipattuHprAkpravRttasaMketAvasarasamavadhAritaM zabdasAmAnyamanusmarata eva bhavitumarhati / svata eva hi vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSaM na punaH zabdasamparkApekSayA / tadapekSAyAM hi varNapadavyavasAyaH kathaM nAma syAt / tadvyavasAye'pi parasya nAmno'vazyaM smaraNenAnavasthopanipAtAt / nAmAntarasmaraNamantareNa svata eva varNapadavyavasAye tu vastuvyavasAyo'pi svavAcakanAmasmaraNamantareNa svata evAstu na kArya zabdasamparkeNa evaM ca zabdasamparkarahitamapi vizadasaMvedanam / yataH,savidhavatinaM nijAMzavyApinaM kAlAntarasthAyinaM sthagitapratikSaNapariNAmamalakSyamANaparamANaMparimANaM vastvantaraiH saha sadRzavisRzAkAraM kumbhAdikaM bhAvamavabhAsayatIti kRtvA savikalpakamityabhidhIyate / parAbhimatAyaHzalAkAkalpakSaNakSayiparamANulakSaNagrahaNanipuNanirvikalpakapratyakSapratikSepArtha pratyakSasya zabdasamparkayogyagocaratA sNdrshnaarthshc| syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR0 76-78

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pariziSTa (caturtha adhyAya) -ga pAdaTippaNa - 37 se kiM te aNumANe ? aNumANe tivihe paNNate,taM jahA-puvvavaM sesavaM,diTThasAhammavaM / se ki taM pubbavaM? mAyA puttaM jahA naTuM,juvANaM puNarAgayaM / kAI paccabhijANejjA,puvvaliMgeNa keNaI / taM jahA khateNa vA vaNNeNa vA laMchaNeNa vA maseNa vA tilaeNa vA,se taM puvvavaM / se kiM taM sesavaM ? paMcavihe paNNatte, taMjahA kajjeNaM kAraNeNaM guNeNaM avayaveNaM AsaeNaM / kiM taM kajjeNaM? saMkhaM saddeNaM, bheri tADieNaM, vasabhaM DhakkieNaM, moraM kiMkAieNaM, hayaM hesieNaM, gayaM gulagulAieNaM,rahaM ghaNaghaNAieNaM, se taM kajjeNaM / se kiM taM kAraNeNaM ? taMtavo paDassa kAraNaM Na paDo taMtukAraNaM evaM vIraNA kaDassa kAraNaM Na kaDo vIraNAkAraNaM, mippiMDo ghaDassa kAraNaM Na ghaDo mipDikAraNaM,se taM kAraNeNaM / se kiM taM guNeNaM ? suvaNNaM nikaseNaM ,puSpaM gaMdheNaM,lavaNaM raseNaM,mairaM AsAyaeNaM, vatthaM phAseNaM, se taM guNeNa / se kiM taM avayaveNaM ? mahisaM siMgeNaM, kukkuDaM sihAeNaM, hatthi visANeNaM, varAhaM dADhAe, moraM piccheNaM, AsaM khureNaM, vagdhaM naheNaM, camariM bAlaggeNaM vANaraM laMguleNaM dupayaM maNussAdi, caupayaM gavamAdi, bahupayaM gomiyAdi, sIhaM kesareNaM, vasahaM kukkuheNaM, mahilaM valayabAhAe / gAhA pariarabaMdhaNeNaM bhaDaM,jANejjA mahiliyaM nivasaNeNaM / sityeNa doNapAgaM,kaviM ca ekkAe gAhAe / / se taM avayaveNaM / se kiM taM AsaeNaM ? aggi ghUmeNaM, salilaM balAgeNaM, vuDhei abbhavikAreNaM kulaputtaM sIlasamAyAreNaM / se taM sesavaM / se kiM taM diTThasAhammavaM? duvihaM paNNataM,taM jahA sAmannadiTuM ca visesadiTuM ca / se kiM taM sAmannadiTTha? jahA ego puriso tahA bahave purisA jahA bahave purisA tahA ego puriso,jahA ego karisAvaNo tahA bahave karisAvaNA jahA bahave karisAvaNA tahA ego karisAvaNo,se taM sAmannadihU~ / se kiM taM visesadiTuM ? se jahANAmae keI puruse kaMci purisaM bahUNaM purisANaM majhe pubbadidvaM paccabhijANejjA ayaM se purise,bahUNaM karisAvaNANaM majhe puvadiTuM karisAvaNaM paccabhijANijjA / ayaM se karisAvaNe |se taM visesadiTuM |-anuyogdvaasuutr, uttarArddha,anumAnapramANavarNana, pR.172174

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grantha - lekhakAnukramaNikA akalaGka 20, 21, 25, 26, 29, 30, 32, 35, 36, 37, 42, 45,46, 47-51, 53, 54,55, 58,59,61,62, 63, 64, 66, 76, 79,80, 81,82,84,86, 87, 89, 90, 94, 104, 129-132, 134- 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 149-155, 161, 178, 179, 192, 198, 198, 199, 200, 201, 205, 207 211,212,214, 218, 223, 224, 226, 230, 238, 239, 240, 243, 244, 245, 252, 254, 260, 261, 262, 263, 270, 275, 277, 278, 283, 284, 285, 287, 289,291, 293, 294, 297, 298, 299, 304, 306, 307, 311, 312, 318, 319, 322, 323, 329, 333, 334, 335, 336, 340, 341, 342, 356, 358, 359, 360, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 375, 378, 380, 396 akalaGkapranthatraya (prastAvanA) 6,19,26,47, 227, 285, 356 advaitabinduprakaraNa 29 anantalAla ThAkura 29 anantavIrya 25, 26, 47, 50, 51,54,55,62, 63, 66, 224, 356 anupalabdhirahasya 29 anumAna pramANa 214 anuyogadvArasUtra 5, 30, 31,32,33, 77,78,212,220(2), 290, 419 anekAntajayapatAkA 31,33,36,43,46, 62,356 anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA 61 apohaprakaraNa 23,29 apohasiddhi (ratnakIrti) 29, 351 abhayadevasUri 39, 47,54,56,57, 62, 63, 66, 76, 77, 80, 87, 94-99, 131,143, 163-179, 184, 187, 188, 192, 193, 194, 196, 206, 214, 223, 224,229,230, 340, 341, 344, 345, 356,368,373 abhidharmakoza (sabhASya) 7,11,123,139 abhidharmakozamarmapradIpa 16 abhidharmakozavyAkhyA 111 abhidharmapiTaka 7, 144, 145, 148 abhidharmasamuccaya 36 abhinavadharmabhUSaNa 61 abhisamayAlaGkArikA 10 arcaTa (dharmAkaradatta ) 13, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25,28,54,65,89 arthazAstra (kauTilIya) 2, 4 aviddhakarNa 27 aSTapAhuDa 35 aSTaprakaraNa 14 aSTazatI 42, 47, 48,53,79, 87,89,183,318 aSTasahasrikA prajJApAramitA 16 aSTasahastrI 25,42, 51, 52, 53, 62,78, 79, 10, 11, 183, 209, 313 aSTasahastrItAtparyavivaraNa 61,62 aSTAGgasaGgraha 5 aSTAGgahRdaya 5 asaGga 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 36

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422 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA Agamayuga kA jaina darzana 29,31,32,36, 33 AcArAGgasUtra 33,137,203 AtmAnuzAsanatilaka 58 AdipurANa 58 Anandavarddhana 22,23 AptaparIkSA 51,52,55 AptaparIkSAlaGkRti 52 AptamImAMsA 25,28,33,40-42,48,52, 53,54,78,137,138,201,366 Aryadeva 9,15 AlambanaparIkSA 16,18 Avazyakaniyukti 136,195 AvazyakasUtra 44 itsiMga 19,26 IzvarakRSNa 2,321 IzvarapratyabhijJAvimarzinI 309 Izvarasena 18,19 uI 9,18 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 358 utpAdAdisiddhi 61 udayana 25,296,321 udyotakara 5,15,16,19,20,53,109, 211,295,320,351 upAyahadaya 5,9,10,32,33,77,212, 290 umAsvAmI (umAsvAti) 3,25,31,33,34, 47,53,61,65,77,78,129,134,136, 139,140,207,290,318 ekIbhAvastotra 55,56 embArakRSNamAcArya 29 aiyAsvAmI zAstrI 18 kaThopaniSad 321 kaNAda 4,239,243,294 kathAvatthuppakaraNa 7 kapila 4,335 kamalazIla 13,14,15,22,26,27,45, 54,56,57,68,75, 106,112, 115, 116,118,119,120 ,121,125,127, 128,143,208,209,210,215,271, 290,297,331,339,365 karNakagomI 21,47 kAryakAraNabhAvasiddhi 29 kAlamedha 5 kAzmIra kI tAMtrika paramparA : sAhitya, darzana aura sAdhanA 309 kikiyAye 9 kiraNAvalI 321 kItha 18 kundakunda 33,35,62,63,137,203 kumAranandI 28,46,62,223,276 kumArila bhaTTa 6,15,16,19,20,39,40, 47,53,55,56,70,71,88,112,113, 204,238,261,309,340 ,342,343, 344,345,351 kulabhUSaNa 28 kezavamizra78213,216,219,234,274 kailAzacandra zAstrI 36,40,47,58

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grantha - lekhakAnukramaNikA koTyAcArya 44 kauTilya 2,4 kriyAkalApaTIkA 58 kSaNabhaGgasiddhi 23, 24,27,28,29 kSaNabhaGgAdhyAya 29 khaNDakhaNDakhAdya 3 gaMgAnAtha jhA 26 gaGgeza 13,204,256, 261, 269, 320 gaNezIlAla suthAra 321 gadyakathAkoza 58 gandhahastibhASya 40 guNamati 19 guNaratnasUra 61 gRddhapiccha 34,275 govindacandra pANDe 351 gautama (akSapAda) 4, 5, 10, 12, 13,15, 210, 275, 276, 282, 284, 290, 320 catuHzatI 27, 28, 147 caturavijaya 44 candrapAla 19 candrodaya 58 candrasenasUri 61 candrAnandavRtti 17 carakasaMhitA 4,5,9 cArukIrti 55 chAndogyopaniSad 4 jagannAtha upAdhyAya 26 jambUvijaya (muni) 17,18,22,40,43,45 jayanta bhaTTa 20, 25, 213, 234, 255, 261, 296, 305, 306, 309, 321, 340 jayarAzi bhaTTa 3,53, 109 jayasiMhadeva 55 jalpanirNaya 46 jitAri 27,125 jinadAsagaNi 139 jinabhadragaNi 32,44,62,63, 129, 131, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 207, 380 jinamitra 19, 22, 23 jinavijaya (muni) 25, 28 jinasena 58 jinendrabuddhi 11, 17, 18,69, 110, 121, 270, 291, 340 jinezvarasUri 56,61 jIta abhinandana grantha 203 jIvasiddhi 40 jugalakizora mukhtAra 36, 40, 47,58 jaikobI 36 jainatarka bhASA 61, 140 jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra 214, 238, 423 272, 275, 285 jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana 40 jainanyAya 40, 45 jaina nyAya kA vikAsa 30 jaina bhASA darzana 107, 108 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza 36,40

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424 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 56 tattvArthavRti 58 jainendra siddhAntakoza 205 tattvArthazlokavArtika 34,46,52,53,80, jaimini 4 83,141,142,214, 220, 226, 228, 239,246,263,264,278,299-301, jJAnabindu 61 312,314,324,343,371,385,387, jJAnamitra 19 399,400,401 jJAnazrI bhadra 22 tattvArthasUtra 3,33,34,35,47, jJAna zrI mitra 13,23,29,66 53,67,77,78,129,134,137,138, TubiyaMskI18 139,290,293,318,319,357,358, tattvacintAmaNi 13,256 368 tattvabodhavidhAyinI (sanmatitarkaTIkA) 16, tattvopaplavasiMha 3 39,56,57,80,86,94-99,163-178, tantrayuktivicAra 5 . 179,195,196,214,229,230,344, tarkatANDava 322 345,373,389,390,391,404-414 tarkabhASA (kezavamizra) 68,78,213,216, tattvasaGgraha 26,27,45,46,65, 219,234,255,256,274,367 66, 75, 105, 106, 112, 115, 116, tarkabhASA (mokSAkaragupta) 29, 75, 235, 117,119,120 ,125,127,179,183, 237,274,284,310,353 203,209,213,215,223,224,225, tarkazAstra 11,12 226,231,271,272,309,311,331, 332,338,339,341,344,345,354, tAtparyanibandhaTippaNa 24 365 tArkikarakSA 320 tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA 16,26,27,45,75, trikAlaparIkSA 16 76,106,116,117,118,119,120, tripiTaka 7 121,122,127,128,209,210,215, vilakSaNakadarthana 45,223,224 259,271,290,297,331,337,338, trilocana 29 339,340,344,364,365 darabArIlAla koThiyA 40,51,55, 214, tattvArthabhASya (tattvArthAdhigamabhASya) 136, 238,272,275 140,319 darzana aura cintana 29,203 tattvArthavArtika (rAjavArtika) 16,35,46, darzana-digdarzana 10,15,19,20 47,53,54,69,77,79,82,87,129, 130 ,135,136,149,396 dalasukhamAlavaNiyA 7, 20, 21, 24, 27, 29,31,32,33,36,37,38,40

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grantha - lekhakAnukramaNikA 425 dazavaikAlikaniyukti 32,274,275 dAsaguptA 14 diGnAga 3,5,6,11,12-19, 20,26,30,36,38,40,43,44,45,47, 54,64,65,68,69,70,73,75,82,109, 110-112,116,117,121-126,143, 144,145,148,149,204,205,211, 212,213,214,215,217,218,220, 270 ,276,282,290,291,297,310, 311,331,332,338,340,341,342, 345,347,356,364,372 durvekamizra 13,14,15,22,24, 27-29,65,72 devardhigaNikSamAzramANa 45 devavAcaka 131 devasena 43 devendrabuddhi 21,23 dravyasvabhAvaprakAzakanayacakra 43 dvAdazAranayacakra (nayacakra) 6,15,16,17, 34,39,40,43,44,45,62,64,65,111, 145-147,211,213,215,220,270 , 394,395,396 dvArikAdAsazAstrI26 dharmakIrti 3,6,13,14,15, 18.19.28 36.38 39.40.43.44.47. 49,53,54,55,57,60,63,64,65,69, 71,72,73,74,75,76,88,89,90,93, 94,102,106, 109,111-115,117127,138,143,149,150,152,153, 154,176,193,197,199,200 ,202, 204,205,208,209,211,212,213, 215,217,218,220,221,234,235, 243,244,246,247,251,252,256, 257,258,260,271,273,274,275, 276,277,278,281,282,283,284, 286,287,289,290,295,297,303, 310,331,332,340,352,353,354, 356,363,364,368,371,372,373, 375,376 dharmapAla 18,19 dharmabhUSaNa 260 dharmottamA 22 dharmottara 13,14,21,22,23, 24,27,28,39,40,54,57,60,69,72, 74,75,89,90,94,97,99,112-115, 118,119,123,125,127,199,204, 208,209,210,215,217,220,221, 222,232,233,254,257,272,273, 277,353,361,365 dharmottaraTippaNa 24 dharmottarapradIpa 7,11,14,21,24, 27,28,42,73,114,115,122 dhavalA 77,129 dhvanyAloka 22 nandIcUrNi 136 nandIsUtra 30,31,32,77, 129,130 ,131,134,136,139,140 , 141,142,195,290 nayapraveza 48,49 narendrasena 61 nAgadatta 15 18

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426 nAgadatta 15 nAgasena 7, 203 nAgArjuna 3,5,7,8,9,15,27, 40, 109 nAthUrAma premI 47,58 niyamasAra 33,35,78 niyamasAra tAtparyavRtti 137 nyAyakandalI 195,296,309,340 nyAyakumudacandra 49, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 78, 179, 182, 187, 195, 196, 198, 230, 259, 264, 265, 280, 302-304, 314, 315, 325, 337, 345, 346, 348, 349, 350, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 414, 417 nyAyadIpikA 61, 260 nyAyapraveza 16, 18, 19,46,75, 210, 218, 220, 274, 276, 277, 281, 282,284 nyAyapravezavRtti 19 nyAyabindu 3, 4, 20-22, 23, 24, 28,67, 75, 111, 112, 117, 118, 125, 126, 158, 174, 199, 213, 215,217, 218, 220, 234, 235, 236, 237, 243, 256, 257, 258, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277,281, 282, 283, 284,285 nyAyabinduTIkA 22,23,24,28,69,72, 74,75,91,93,94, 95, 16, 101,112115, 118, 119, 123, 125, 127, 158, 174, 180, 181, 208, 210, 215, 217, 220, 222, 230, 232, 254, 257, 270, 272, 273, 277, 302, 353, 355, 365 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA nyAyabinduTIkATippaNI 24, 114 nyAyabindupiNDArtha 22 nyAyabindupUrvapakSasaMkSepa 22,27 nyAyabhASya 1, 2, 3, 5,210, 217, 275, 320 nyAyamaJjarI 219, 255, 256, 296, 305,309, 321, 340 nyAyamukha (nyAyadvAra) 16, 18, 122 nyAyaratnAkara 256 nyAyavArtika 5, 16, 17, 19, 20, 53, 110, 211, 219,295,320 nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA 309, 320, 340, 354 nyAyavArtikatAtparyaparizuddhi 321 nyAyavinizcaya 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 55, 64, 131, 138, 149, 161, 197, 200,212, 215, 218, 223, 224, 226, 263, 277, 284, 285, 318, 323, 342, 343,358,359, 360, 368, 370, 378, 379, 397 nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa 26, 50, 55, 56, 132, 151, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 219, 283, 284, 356, 368, 372, 373, 401, 402, 403 nyAyasAra 286 nyAyasUtra 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 15, 34, 121, 195,210, 212, 216, 276, 282, 284, 286,290, 295,296,320,333 nyAyAgamAnusAriNI 16, 43, 44, 146, 394 16, 88, 296,

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grantha - lekhakAnukramaNikA 427 nyAyAvatAra 30,31,33,35,36-39,49, 62,64,65,79,83, 205,209,211, 213,214,215,218,220,222,271, 273,275,276,277,278,283,284, 290,294,366 nyAyAvatAravArtika (nyAyAvatArasUtravArtika) 38,39,79,81 nyAyAvatAravivRti 38,39,83,93,94, 129,386,387 paJcAstikAya 35 patraparIkSA 51,52,275 paramArtha (cInI lekhaka) 11,12,18 paralokasiddhi 23 parIkSAmukha 54,55,58,59,62, 68,79,81,107,131,133,134,138, 191,199,210,212,214,216,217, 218,223,232,237,238,240,243, 246,250,251,252,255,260,261, 262,272,275,278,279,283,284, 285,287,291,294,308,319,333, 357,358,362,366,367,368,382, 383 pAtrasvAmI (pAtrakesarI) 27,30,38,45,46, 62,63,66,223,224 pArthasArathimizra 70,88 pArzvadevagaNi 19 pArzvanAtha 30 pArzvanAthacaritra 55,56 pUjyapAda devanandI 34,40,47,58,129, 130,135,136,140,141,207,378 puNyavijaya (muni) 24 purandara 27 prakaraNapAda 144 prakaraNAryavAcA 10 prajJAkaragupta 3,13,15,21,23, 24,25,26,39,47,53,54,55,69,72, 102,115,117,125,143,149,171, 202,250,266 prajJAgupta 26 prajJApanAsUtra 368,378 pradyumnasUri 56 prabhAkara 15,55,88 prabhAcandra 22,25,47,49,51, 54,55,56,57,58,59,60,62,63,66, 76,78,79,80,85,86,87,89,104, 107,131,133,143,179-193,195, 196,205,206,223,224,230,239, 240,245,246,248,250,251,252, 253,258,259,262,264,270,274, 278,279,280,284,287,288,289, 297,301-305,307,314,315,317, 318,322,325-327,328,329,334, 336,337.340,341,345,346,349, 350,356,359,368,374,375,376 prabhAmitra 19 prabhAvakacarita 43 pramANadvitvasiddhi 24 pramANanayatattvAloka 2,32,35,59-60,62, 79,80,81,105,131,132,134,135, 136,137,141,142,143,193,199, 206,212,214,216,217,218,223,

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428 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA 237,238,242,243,247,251,252, 255,260 ,262,271,273,275,276, 278,279,282,283,284,285,290, 294,308,319,332,333,357,358, 359,366,367,382,383 pramANanirNaya 2,56 pramANaparIkSA 2,30,45,46,51-53,78, 91,131, 132, 134, 158,159, 160, 212,214,216,223,224,227,228, 239,276,294,307,312,313,319, 324,361,366,367,386,400,401 pramANaprameyakalikA 61 pramANapraveza 48 pramANamImAMsA (bhASATippaNa) 289,295 pramANamImAMsA (savRtti) 2,45,60,61,78, 78,80,86,88,89, 107, 131, 133, 134,135,136,137,138,139,141, 142,182,202,210,212,214,216, 219,221,222,223,224,231,243, 248,249,260,272,273,275,278, 294,305,308,317,318,319,329, 330,357,368 pramANavArtika 6,14,18,19-23, 25,27,38,53,55,63,64,68,69,71, 72,73,74,76,93, 102, 106, 107, 112,113,114,117,121,122,123, 124,126,127,149,152,153,157, 160,170,173,174,176,177,178, 180,182,185,189,200,202,208, 209,211,219,228,234,235,236. 246,247,255,256,258,259.274. 290.295.297.303.306.311.325. 326,329,331,332,336,340,353, 354,355,356,364,365,366,372, 374,375,376,384,399,400,412 pramANavArtika (manoranandivRtti) 113,124, 211,340,354,356 pramANavArtika (svavRti) 21, 245, 251, 252,332 pramANavArtikabhASya (pramANavArtikAlaGkAra) 2, 3,21,22,25,26,55,69,102,115, 117,125,149,171,202 prasANavidhvaMsana 9 pramANavinizcaya 2,20,22,23,49 pramANaviheThana 9 pramANasaGgraha (savRtti) 2,47,50,51,54, 90,131, 218,223, 237, 238,240, 260,262,297,298,319,333,336 pramANasaGgrahabhASya 51,54 pramANasamuccaya 2,5,13,16-18, 19, 20, 27,69,75,110,111,117, 123,124,148,183,199,211,213, 215,220,282,290,291,297,310, 338,354,356,364 pramAlakSma 61 prameyakaNThikA 55 prameyakamalamArtaNDa 22, 25,55,56,57, 58,59,60,62,68,78,86,107,133, 179,186,187,188,189,190,192, 193,230 ,247,250,251,252,253, 280,284,288,289,292,302,304, 316,325,326,337,346,347,349, 350,356,367,374,375,376, 377.

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grantha - lekhakAnukramaNikA 429 378,417 prameyaralamAlA 52,54,55 prameyaratnAlaGkAra 55 pravacanapraveza 48,49 pravacanasAra 35 pravacanasArasarojabhAskara 58 prazastapAda 5,213,294 prazastapAdabhASya 5,195,204,213,219, 284,285,294,295,321,331 prAmANyaparIkSA 23 phUlacandra zAstrI 35 baladeva upAdhyAya 15 balirAmazukla 214 buddhabhadra 9 buddhAnanda 43,64 becaradAsadAzI 36,56 bodhisattvacaryAnirdeza 10 bauddhadarzanamImAMsA 15 bauddhavijJAnavAda :cintana evaM yogadAna 14 brahmasUtra 4,295 bhagavatIsUtra (vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra) 30, 31, 77,129,290 bhadrabAhu 32,129,274 bhartRhari 19,43 bhAratIya darzana meM anumAna 213,217,274 bhAratIya vidyA, bhAga-3 36 bhAvivikta 27 bhAsarvajJa 29,55,285,321 maNDanamizra 55 madhyamakAlaGkAragrantha 27 manusmRti 1,321 manorathanandI 21,23,26,72, 74,106,211,354,356 maladhArI hemacandra 44 mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa 6,15,16,24,30, 33,36,38,39,42,43,44,62,63,64, 65,143-148,149,153,205 malliSeNasUri 61 mahApurANaTippaNa 58 mahAbhArata 33 mahAyAnottaratantra 10 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya 6,19,25,47,48, 56,57,58,285 maheza tivArI 11 mAilladhavala 43 mANikyanandI 47,54,55,58,59, 60,62,76,79,81,84,87,89,107, 131,132,133,134,138.212,214, 216,217,218,223,232,238,239, 240,242,243,244,245,246,250, 251,252,260,261,262,272,274, 275,278,279,280,281,283,284, 294,307,308,319,358,359,361, 382,383 mAthurIpaJcalakSaNI 256 mAdhyamikakArikA 8,27 miranova 18 milindapaNha 7,203 mImAMsAsUtra 4

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430 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA muninathamala (samprati AcArya mahAprajJa) 30 maitreya 10 mokSAkaragupta 13, 29,75,235, 237, 274,284,311,353 yamAri 21,23 yazodharacarita 56 yazovijaya 61,62,140,207 yuktidIpikA 5 yuktiSaSTikA 8 yuktyanuzAsana 40,41,52 yuktyanuzAsanAlaGkAra 52 yogasUtra 295 yogasena 27 yogAcArabhUmizAstra 10,11 ratnakaraNDaTIkA. 58 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 40 ratlakIrti 13,29,66,311, 340,351 ratlakIrtinibandhAvali 311,340 ratnaprabhAcArya 60,231,260 ratnAkarAvatArikA 60,231,260 ravigupta 21,23 rAjapraznIya sUtra 30,31,129 rAmAyaNa 33 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 10,15, 19, 20,22, 24,25,27 lakSaNakAra 27 laghIyastraya 47,48,49,51,58, 59,80,89,132,134,141,142,149, 199,212,215,226,238,245,254, 262,291,293,294,312,318,319, 323,333,334,335,357,360,361, 367,369,370,397 laghIyastrayavRtti 68,80,81,89,90,94, 134,138,200,238,245,255,263, 293,294,311,312,318,334,335, 360,367,368,369,370,396,397 laghuanantavIrya 55,240 lAmA tArAnAtha 24 varadarAja 320 vardhamAnasUri 56 vasubandhu 7,10,11,14,15, 16,17,19,26,43,45,64,109,110 vasurAta 43 vAkyapadIya 116,338,403 vAcaspatimizra 14,20,29,204, 261,296,309,321,340,351,354 vAcaspati mizra dvArA bauddhadarzana kA vivecana14 vAtsyAyana 1,3,5,15,210, 216,217,275,276,296,320 vAdakauzala 11 vAdanyAya (jaina) 28,46,287 vAdanyAya (bauddha) 20,22,23,26,27,46, 259,286,287,288 vAdamahArNava 57 vAdamArga 11 vAdarAyaNa 4 vAdavidhi 11,109,110,121 vAdidevasUri(devasUri,vAdideva) 29,47,52, 54,57,59,60,62,63,66,67,76,80,

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grantha - lekhakAnukramaNikA 81, 99-103, 104, 107, 108, 131, 361,366,367,368,371,385,366 132,134,135,140,141,142,143, vidyAnandamahodaya 51,52. 193-196,201,207,212,214,216, vidhuzekhara bhaTTAcArya18 / 217,218,223,224,230,238,239,, vinItadeva 22,23,114, 118,127 240,242,243,244,245,246,247, vipaJcitArthaTIkA 23,27 248,250,251,252,260,262,265, 266-270,271,272,273, 274,275,, vimaladAsa 61 278,279,280,281,283,284,294, vizAlAmalavatI (pramANasamuccayaTIkA) 17, 297,302,303,305,307,308,314, 18,69,70,110,111,123,270 ,291, 317,319,322,327-329,332,334, 340,353 336,341,356,359,362,367,382, vizeSAkhyAna 27,28 383,392 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 44,129,136,138, vAdirAja 26,47,49,51,54, 140,142,195 55,56,62,63,66,132,143,161 veda 33 163,197,198,199,200,219,281, vedAntaparibhASA 213 283,356,368,372,373,378,401 vedAntasAra 366 vArSagaNya 43 vaidalyasUtraprakaraNa 8,9 vigrahavyAvartanI 3,8,9 vaizeSikasUtra 4,5,17,18,243, vijayalabdhisUrIzvara 43,44 294,321 vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi 11 vyAsatIrtha 322 vidyAnanda 20,25,34,42, vyomavatI 321 46,47,51-54,55,62,63,66,76,78, vyomaziva 20,55,321 79,82,83,87,90-93,104,131,132, 134,140,141,142,143,153-161, zaGkara 29 178,179,181,184,187,188,192, zaGkarasvAmI 16,18,27,46,75, 193,194,205,206,207,209,212, 218,220,276,284 214,215,216,223,224,226,227, zaGkarAnanda 21,23 228,230,239,240,244,245,246, zabarasvAmI 40,71 247,248,260,262,263,264,270, zabdAmbhojabhAskara 58 275,278,287,294,297,299-301, zAkaTAyananyAsa 58 304,307,312-314,318,319,322, 323.325,340,341,343,356,359, zAkyabuddhi 21,23

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432 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA zAGkarabhASya 295 SaSTitantra 145 zAntabhadra 22,23,197,198 satyazAsanaparIkSA 52 zAntarakSita 13,14,15,22, santAnAntarasiddhi 20,23 26,27,45,54,56,57,65,66,75,76, sanmatitarkaprakaraNa 35,36,39,40,43,44, 106,112,115,116,119,125,127, 45,56,57,62,94,163,359,378 128,143,149,179,202,203,208, saptadazAbhUmizAstra 10,14 213,215,223,224,231,232,271, saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI 61 272,274,290 ,297,309,311,331, samadarzI AcArya haribhadra 46 339,340,344,353,365 samantabhadra 25,30,33,38,39, zAntivarNI 55 40-42,48,52,53,62, 63,78,79, zAntisUri 4,38,39,56,62,79 137,201,379 zAbarabhASya 5,195 samayasAra 33,35 zAlikanAtha 213 samAdhitantraTIkA 58 zAstradIpikA 70,88 sambandhaparIkSA 20,22 zAstravArtAsamuccaya 46,62 sarvadarzanasaGgraha 105 zAstravArtAsamuccayaTIkA 61 sarvArthasiddhi 34,35,36,47,58,78, zIghrabuddha 19 79, 129, 130 , 135, 136, 141, 195, zIlabhadra 19 368,378 zrIkaNThazAstrI 47 sAkArasiddhizAstra 29 zrIdatta 46,62 sAgaramala jaina 107,108 zrIdhara 261,296,309,340 sAMkhyakArikA 3,68,219,321 zrInivAsazAstrI 14 sAMkhyatattvakaumudI 212,321 zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra 52 sAMkhyasUtra 4,5,195 zrIharSa 3,109 siMhasUri 16,43,44,45,62,63,65, zlokavArtika (mImAMsA) 6,16,17,19,20, 143,144,394 53,68,70,71,105,112,123,238, siddharSigaNi 38,39,62,66,76, 244,256,296,309,340,342,343, 83-85,87,93,94,386,387 345,347,349 siddhasena 13,30,31,33,35SaTkhaNDAgama 30,31,77,129,319 40,41,43,44,45,49,56,57,62,63, SaDdarzanasamuccaya 46,61 64,65,68,79,83,94,163,205,209,

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grantha - lekhakAnukramaNikA 433 211,212,213,214,215,218,222, 260,271,273,274,275,277,278, 281,283,284,290,294,344,358, 366,373,378,379 siddhasenagaNi 35,140 ,207 siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana 43 siddhivinizcaya evaM vRtti 47,50,51,54, 55,81,90,149,198,200,201,214, 226,238,239,261,262,263,278, 297,298,323,335,341,342,359, 360,366,367,371,396,397 siddhivinizcayaTIkA 25,26,47,50,51, 54,151,197,200, 224,298,342, 356,396,397,398 sukhalAla saMghavI 22,24,25,27, 28,29,36,39,40,46,56,89,107, 136,140 ,203,219,289,295 sugiura 18 sumati 27,30,45,62,63,66 surezvarAcArya 366 suttAgame 31,32 suzrutasaMhitA 4 sUtrakRtAGga 33 stutividyA 40 sthAnAMgasUtra 5,30,31,32,77, 237,238,290 sthiramati 19 syAdvAdamaJjarI 61 syAdvAdaralAkara 22,45,52,59, 60,62, 102, 107, 142, 192, 193, 196,201,214,219.224,230 ,245, 248,266,267,269,272,275,280, 292,303,314,315,327,328,329, 337,356,362,392,393,417,418 svayambhUstotra 40,42,79 svayUthyavicAra 27,28 haraprasAda zAstrI 29 haribhadra 19,31,33,35,36, 43,46,61,62,63,340 hetacakrasamarthana 16 hetutattvanirdeza 125 hetubindu 20,22,25,27,28,234 235, 256,257,259,278 hetubinduTIkA 22,24,25,27,65, 219, 257,258,259 hetubinduTIkAloka (arcaTAloka) 22, 24, 27,28 hetumukha 16 hetuzAstra 2 hemacandra 43,47,60,61,62, 63,66,68,76,78,80,86,87,89,107, 131,133,134,136,138,139,140, 141,142,182,201,207,210,212, 214,216,220,223,224,230,231, 239,240,243,244,245,248,260, 272,273,274,275,278,287,294, 305,307,308,317,319,329,330, 359,368 hvenasAGga 18,19 A History of Indian Logic 1, 4, 10, 11, 13, 15, 19, 24, 27,36, 40, 61

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44 A History of Indian Philosophy 14 Akalanka's criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy 204, 263 A.N. Upadhye 36, 39 B.K. Matilal 2,4 Buddhist Logic 6, 13, 14, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 105, 114, 116, 117, 120, 126, 127, 213, 219, 338, 340 Buston 18, 20 Critique of Indian realism 14, 15, 71, 204, 339, 340 Malvaniya Dalsukh Bhai Felicitation Volume I, 35 Dhirendra Sharma 351 Dignaga, on perception 3, 16, 18, 110, 111, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 364 D.N. Shastri 14, 71, 204, 340 Early Buddhist Theory knowledge 17 of E. Frauwallner 15 G. Tucci 5, 9, 18 History of Buddhism 20 History of the Mediaeval school of Indian Logic 7, 8 Jayatilleke 17 K.B. Pathak 47, 58 K. Kunjanni Raja 351 M.A. Dhaky 35 Massaki Hattori 15,16,17,18,110,121 Nagarjuna's Twelve Gate Treatise8 Nagin J. Shah 204 Nathmal Tatia 137, 139, 140 Perception an essay on classical Indian theories of knowledge 2, 4 P.L. Vaidya 36 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA Pre-Dinnaga Buddhist Texts on Logic from Chinese Sources 5, 9, 11 Randle 17 Rangaswamy Iyengar 16, 18 R.C. Dwivedi 5, 309 R.C. Pandeya 23 Satish Chandra Vidyabhushan 1, 4, 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 25, 27, 36, 40, 47 Satkari Mookerjee 14, 120, 322, 351 Seven works of Vasubandhu11, 109 Stecherbatsky 6, 13, 14, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26. 71, 117, 120, 126, 127, 219 Stefan Anacker 11 Studies in Jaina Philosphy139, 140 Susan Haack 1 as The Buddhist Philosophy presented in Mimams a slokav artika 340 The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal flux 14, 20, 322, 338, 351 The Differentiation theory of Meaning in India Logic 338, 351 The Nyaya Pravesh, as indicated in nyAyapraveza and nyAyapravezavRtti Theory of meaning according to the Buddhist Logicians 351 The Philosophy of Logics 1 Ui 9, 18

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viSayAnukramaNikA akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsa 285 apramANa 50 akSa 129 aprApyakArI 139,196 ajJAtArthajJApakatA 69-71,74,76,79,80, abhilApa 159 82-88 abhilApasaMsargayogya 113 aasA 132 abhyAsa 158,159,188 atIndriyajJAna 134-137,201 abhrAnta-prAnta 72, 73,93, 100, 111, adoSodbhAvana nigrahasthAna 287 112,116-120,177,193,195 adhipatipratyaya 124,143 arthakriyA 103,106,118, 166,167 adhyavaseya 74,95,98,100,101 arthakriyAsthiti 72,89,90,93 anadhigata (apUrva) 79,80,82-88,89 arthaprApakatA 72,74,91,95,96, anantaraphala 366 97,98,99-101,104,158 anantarAgama 33 arthasArUpya (arthAkAratA) 75, 105,158, 381 anindriya pratyakSa 134,139,197 aniyatAkAra pratibhAsa 113 arthAvagraha 141 anugAmI 77,135 arthitva 158,159,189 anupalabdhi hetu 235,253,254,259 / / avagraha 140,141,207 anumAna 9,32,37,48,208,209,210, avadhijJAna 135 211,212 avayava 2,5,11 32,52,213 anumAna-bheda 212,213,214 avAya 142, 207 anumAnAbhAsa 208,211 avinAbhAva 220,230,232,ke bheda 232, anumeya 277 258,261 avisaMvAdI jJAna (avisaMvAdakatA) 71-75, anekAntavAda 41,42,44,64,65, 99,105,149,155 76,79,80,81,89-105, 116, 118, 150,158,162,209 anekAntika hetvAbhAsa 284,285 antarvyApti 269,282 avyapadezya 145 anyathAnupapatti 50,220 asAdhanAGgavacana nigrahasthAna 286,288 apoha 338,ke bheda 339.paryudAsa apoha ke / asiddha hetvAbhAsa 284 2 bheda 339,346,apoha ke anya bheda 348 Agama-pramANa 33,41,332 apohavAda 61 AgamAnuyAyI 14

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436 bauddhaM pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA AtmAgama 33 AnvIkSikI 1,2 AptapuruSa 332 ke prakAra 333 Alambana pratyaya 124,197 indriya-pratyakSa 122-124,138, 139,181,197 IhA 141,142,207 uttaracarahetu 238,249-251 upadarzakatA (arthapradarzakatA) 91,94-97 UvaMtA sAmAnya 308,358 ekatva adhyavasAya 185,186,187,192 ekatva pratyabhijJAna 307 ekArthasamavAyI hetu 243 aupamya-pramANa 33 kalpanA 110-116, 143-145, 149, 152,153-155,162,165,179,180, 181,182,184 kArakasAkalya 68 kAraNahetu 238,245,249 kAryahetu 235 kevalajJAna 137 kSaNikavAda 59,74,91,151, 152,161 guNa 359 guNapratyaya 135 citrAdvaitavAda 60 jAti-nirAsa 167 jJAna 7,3135,44,129,201,378 jJAnAvaraNa 129,133,137 tattvopaplavavAdaM 53 tarka 262,265,318-322 tiryak sAmAnya 308,358 trairUpya 211,219,220,228,231 darzana 109,141,149,156,157,179, 205,207,378,383 digambara jaina sampradAya 61,62,63 dRzya 157,160 dravya 84,86,105,358,360 dravyamana 139,140 dravyasadrUpa 147 dravyendriya 139,380 dharmajJatA 202 dharmasaMjJI 111 dhAraNA 142,207 dhArAvAhika jJAna 88,89 naya (nayavAda) 39,43,49,333 nAntarIyaka 211 nigrahasthAna 10,12,286 nirvikalpaka 110,112,114, 115, 117,127,149,150,154,160, 164,166,167,168,169,181,182, 183,185,186,188,190,192,194, 204,205 naimittikI kalpanA 143 nairAtmyavAda 152 noindriya 139 nyAya 2 pakSa 217,277,278

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viSayAnukramaNikA pakSavacana 276 pakSasattva 219 kA khaNDana 229,232 vicAra patra 52 paramArthasat 73,144,147 paramparAgama 33 paramparA-phala 366 parasparAzraya doSa 163,189 parArthAnumAna 1765,270-73 ke bheda 273 ke avayava 273 parokSa 34,38,48,128,129 paryAya 84,86,105 guNa evaM paryAya meM bheda 359,360 pATava 158,159,189 pAramArthika pratyakSa 134-138,197 pUrvacarahetu 238,249-251 prakaraNa 189 pratyakSa 323438,49,110, 111,129.131,132 pratyakSAnupalambha paJcaka 259,327 pratyakSAbhAsa 117,121,152,163 pratyabhijJAna-svarUpa 307-309 pramANa 5, 31, 41, 42, 60, 61, 63, 68-72,75,76-81, 82, 169, 182, pramANAbhAsa 42,49 pramAtA 38 prameya 124, 195,352,357 367 pravartakatva (arthapravartakatA) 76, 91,95, 166 prAtyayika 77 prApaNIya (grAhya) 74,95,100 prApyakArI 123,139 prApyakSaNa 161 prAmANya-apramANya 50, 74, 105.178 , 162,189 bahirvyApti 269,282 bAhyArthavAda 75 bhavapratyaya 135 bhAvanA 209 bhAvamana 139,140 bhAvendriya 139,380 bhrAnti (bhrama) 118,120,122,152 maNiprabhA-pradIpaprabhA 73,92,93,208 mana 139 manaHparyAyajJAna 136 mAdhyamika-sampradAya 13 mAnasa-pratyakSa 124,125,196, 197,198,199 mithyAjJAna 77,91,92 yAdRcchikI kalpanA 144 yuktyanuyAyI 14 yogAcAra 11,13,120 yogipratyakSa 126,127,200 ,201 pramANadvitva khaNDana 291-93 pramANa-phala 41,75,76 pramANavyavasthA 291 pramANasaMplava 67,291

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438 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA yogyatA 75,76 vAcyavAcaka bhAva 114 vAda-vidyA 2,3,8,9,11 vikalpya 157 vijJaptimAtratA 14 vijJAnavAda 13,14,60,75, 152 pramANa,prameya evaM phala vyavasthA 356 vipakSAsattva 219 viruddha hetvAbhAsa 284,285 virodhIhetu 243 vivakSA 337 vaidharmyadRSTAnta 37 vaibhASika 13 vaizadya (vizadatA) 38, 132, 133, 152, 173,181 vyaanAvagraha 141 vyavasAyAtmakatA 76,77,91,92,104, 150,152,154,156,159,161,183, 184,193,194 vyApti-carcA 29,255,256 zabdArtha-sambandha 334 (jainamata) 338 / (bauddhamata) zUnya 148 zUnyavAda 8,9,60 zrutajJAna 333 zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya 61,62,63 saMvRtisat 73,92,98,102, 144,147 sakalapratyakSa 137 saGketa-grahaNa 336,341 sat (vastu) 41,65,67,102 sattvalakSaNa 259 santAna (kSaNa-santAna) 95,97,98, 100, 101 santAnI 99 sannikarSa 183 sapakSasattva 219, kA khaNDana 229 saptabhaGgIvAda 41,61 samanantara pratyaya 124,196 samAropa 193 samyagjJAna 73,75,77,78,91 sarvajJatA 35,130 ,137,138, 201.203,379 savikalpaka 81,110,150 ,151,155, 157, 162164,166-176,177,180, 181,182, 186,187,190, 191, 192, 194,204,205,207 sahakArI pratyaya 124 sahacara hetu 252,253 sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa 44,48,129,,131, 138-142 sAkArajJAna 132,374,375,378 sAdRzya-pratyabhijJAna 307 sAdhya 49,216 ke kalpa 217, vizeSatAeM 218 sAmAnya 124;208,250, 362, 363 sAmAnyalakSaNa 70,73,74,98,100, 354,355

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viSayAnukramaNikA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka 207,358,361,362 __ svasaMvitti 7576 sautrAntika 13,120 svasaMvedanapratyakSa 125,126,194 121 smRti 142,294 svArthAnumAna 17,65,215.216 syAdvAda 41,42,60,65,66 hetu 5,12,77, svaparaprakAzakatA 35,78,79 hetvAbhAsa 9,219,228,283-286 svabhAva hetu 235 svalakSaNa 70,73,74,88,92, 98,100,114,207,353,354 kA khaNDana 361

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sahAyaka graMthasUcI jaina-graMtha (saMskRta- prAkRta) akalaGkakagraMthatraya (nyAyavinizcaya sampA. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, siMghI jaina granthamAlA 12, pramANasaGgraha,laghIyastraya) ahamadAbAda-kalakattA,1939 anuyogadvArasUtra AryarakSita,upAdhyAya AtmArAmajI mahArAja,lAlA murArI lAla caraNadAsa jaina,paTiyAlA sTeTa,1931 anekAntajayapatAkA (bhAga-2) haribhadrasUri, gAyakavADa oriyaNTala sIrIja, bar3audA, 1947 aSTazatI, aSTasahasrI sampA. baMzIdhara , rAmacandra nAthAraMga jI gAMdhI, akalUja solApura,1915 aSTasahastrI (bhAga-1) anu.jJAnamatI mAtAjI, digambara jaina trilokazodha saMsthAna, hastinApura,1974 AptaparIkSA vidyAnanda,vIra sevA mandira ,sarasAvA,1949 AptamImAMsA samantabhadra,zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna,vArANasI, 1975 uttarAdhyayanasUtra utpAdAdisiddhi tattvabodhavidhAyinI (sanmatitarkaTIkA) tattvArthavArtika tattvArthazlokavArtika tattvArthazlokavArtika (bhAga-2 evaM 3) samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala,jayapura,1989 candrasenasUri,RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA,ratalAma,1936 abhayadevasUri, sampA.paM.sukha lAla saMdhavI evaM becaradAsadozI, gujarAta vidyApITha, gujarAta purAtattva mandira, ahamadAbAda akalaGka ,sampA. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya,bhAratIya jJAnapITha,kAzI,1953 nirNayasAgara presa,bambaI sampA. mANikacandra kaundeya,zrI AcArya kuMthusAgara graMthamAlA,solApura,1951-53 umAsvAti, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, tRtIya saMskaraNa,1985 umAsvAti,sampA.khUbacandra zAstrI,zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa,1932 (1) mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa, sampA. muni jambUvijaya, jaina AtmAnanda sabhA,bhAvanagara, gujarAta,1966 tattvArthasUtra tattvArthAdhigamabhASya dvAdazAranayacakra (bhAga-1)

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sahAyaka graMthasUcI dhavalA (bhAga 13) nandIcUrNi nandIsUtra niyuktisaGgraha (Avazyakaniyukti, dazavaikAlika niyukti) niyamasAra (tAtparyavRttiyukta) nyAyakumudacandra (do bhAga) nyAyadIpikA (2) sampA., AcArya vijayalabdhisUrIzvara, caMdUlAla jamanAdAsa zAha,chApI, gujarAta,1948 vIrasena,sampA.hIrAlAla jaina bhelasA,ma.bhA. 1955 jinadAsagaNi mahattara, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI, 1966 anu. hastimalla muni, candana jainAgama granthamAlA, sAtArA siTI,1942 zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhA bAvala, jAmanagara, 1989 kundakunda kahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA dRSTa, bApUnagara, jayapura,1984 prabhAcandra, sampA. mahendrakumAra, mANikyacandra digambara jaina graMtha mAlA, hIrAbAga, po. giragAMva, bambaI, 1938 evaM 1941. abhinavadharmabhUSaNa, sampA. darabArI lAla koThiyA,vIrasevA mandira,dillI,1968 vAdirAja, sampA.,mahendrakumAra ,bhAratIya jJAnapITha ,kAzI, 1949 evaM 1954 siMhasUri,TIkA,dvAdazAranayacakra siddhasena, paramazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala,bambaI 1950 zAntyAcArya, sampA. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA,siMghI jaina graMthamAlA naM.20 ,ahamadAbAda siddharSigaNi,sampA.e.ena.upAdhye,siddhasenAja nyAyAvatAra eNDa adara varksa ke antargata bambaI,1971 vidyAnanda,sanAtana jaina granthamAlA ,kalakattA,1914 pANikyanandI, anu.mohana lAla jaina, jhAMsI vAdidevasUri,zrI tiloka ratna sthA.jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, . pAtharDI,ahamadanagara,1972 vAdirAja,mANikyacandra diga.jaina granthamAlA,bambaI nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa (do bhAga) nyAyAgamAnusAriNI nyAyAvatAra nyAyAvatAravArtika-vRtti nyAyAvatAravivRti patraparIkSA parIkSAmukha pramANanayatattvAloka pramANanirNaya

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442 pramANaparIkSA pramANamImAMsA (svopajJavRttiyukta) prameyakamalamArtaNDa (tIna bhAga) prameyaratnamAlA pravacanasAra yuktyanuzAsana ratnAkarAvatArikA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya zAstravArtAsamuccaya SaTkhaNDAgama satyazAsanaparIkSA sanmatiprakaraNa samayasAra sarvArthasiddhi siddhivinizcayaTIkA (do bhAga) suttAgame (bhAga-1) (AcArAGga sUtra, vatIsUtra, sthAnAGga sUtra) suttAgame (bhAga-2) (nandI sUtra, prajJApanAsUtra rAjapraznIyasUtra) bhaga bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA vidyAnanda, sampA. darabArI lAla koThiyA, vIra sevA mandira, TrasTa, vArANasI, 1977 hemacandra, sampA. evaM bhASATippaNa, sukhalAla saMghavI, siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, ahamadAbAda- kalakattA, 1939 prabhAcandra, anu. AryikA jinamatI, kamala priNTarsa, madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha (rAja.) laghu anantavIrya, anu. paM. hIrAlAla jaina caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, , 1964 kundakunda, sampA. e. ena. upAdhye, zrI maNDala, agAsa, 1984 samantabhadra, vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA, 1951 ratnaprabha, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaM dira, ahamadAbAda, 1968 paramazrutaprabhAvaka jinabhadra, divyadarzana TrasTa, mumbaI, vikrama saMvat 2039 haribhadra, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda, 1969 puSpadanta bhUtabali, sampA, hIrA lAla jaina, bhelasA, ma.bhA., vidyAnanda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1959 siddhasena, vyAkhyA, sukhalAla saMghavI, jJAnodaya TrasTa, madAbAda, 1963 aha zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa (gujarAta), 1982 pUjyapAda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1971 anantavIrya, sampA. mahendra kumAra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1959 sampA., pupphabhikkhu, sUtrAgama prakAzana samiti, guDagAMva, chAvanI, 1953 sampA. puphphabhikkhu, sUtrAgama prakAzana samiti, guDagAMvachAvanI, 1954

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sahAyaka graMthasUcI 443 syAdvAdamaJjarI syAdvAdaratnAkara (do bhAga) malliSeNasUri, anu.jagadIza candra jaina, paramazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala,agAsa,1970 vAdidevasUri, sampA. motIlAla lAdhA, punarmudraNa, bhAratIya buka kArporezana,dillI,1988 samantabhadra, vIrasevA maMdira,sarasAvA svayambhUstotra bauddha - graMtha (saMskRta-pAli) abhidharmakoza abhidharmakoza (sabhASya) abhidharmasamuccaya upAyahRdaya kathAvatyuppakaraNa jJAnazrImitranibandhAvali tattvasaGgraha (do bhAga) (tattvasaGgrahapaJjikA sahita) tarkabhASA vasubandhu,vyAkhyA,AcArya narendra deva,hindustAnI ekeDamI, ilAhAbAda,1958 bauddhabhAratI,vArANasI vizvabhAratI saMskaraNa,1959 sampA.jI.TucI,(aMgrejI sUcI) pAli TeksTa sosAyaTI,landana \ sampA., anantalAlaThAkuradeva zarmA, kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla,risarca iMsTITyUTa pATaliputra,1959 zAntarakSita, paJjikA, kamalazIla, bauddhabhAratI, vArANasI, 1981-82 mokSAkaragupta, oriyaNTala,iMsTITyUTa,bar3audA,1942 sampA. jI.TucI.(aMgrejI sUcI) durvekamizra,sampA.dalasukha mAlavaNiyA,kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla risarca iMsTITyUTa, paTanA,1955 zaGkarasvAmI, sampA. e.bI, dhruva, oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA,1968 dharmottara, vyAkhyA,zrInivAsa zAstrI, sAhitya bhaNDAra,meraTha, 1975 mallavAdI,biblothikA iNDikA, seNTapITarsa barga,1909 dharmakIrti, manorathanandivRttiyukta, bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa,1984 tarkazAstra dharmottarapradIpa nyAyapraveza nyAyabinduTIkA nyAyabinduTIkATippaNI pramANavArtika

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444 pramANavArtika (svArthAnumAnapariccheda svavRttiyukta) pramANavArtikabhASya pramANasamuccaya (savRtti) (pratyakSa pariccheda) milindapahapAli ratnakIrttinibandhAvali vAdanyAya vigrahavyAvartanI vizAlAmalavatI (pramANasamuccayaTIkA) hetubinduTIkA ( hetubinduprakaraNa evaM Alokayukta) anya darzana-graMtha (saMskRta) IzvarapratyabhijJAvimarzinI kiraNAvalI kauTilIya arthazAstra khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya chAMdogyopaniSad tattvacintAmaNi tattvopaplavasiMha tarkatANDava tarka - bhASA bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA dharmakIrti, sampA, dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, nepAla rAjya saMskRta graMthamAlA,2, san 1959 prajJAkaragupta, sampA, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla risarca iMsTITyUTa, paTanA, 1953 diGnAga, sampA, eca. Ara. raMgAsvAmI ayaMgara, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, maisUra, 1930 bauddhabhAratI, vArANasI, 1979 ratnakIrti, jAyasavAla risarca iMsTITyUTa, paTanA dharmakIrti, bauddhabhAratI, vArANasI, 1972 anu. kamalezvara bhaTTAcArya, dvitIya saMskaraNa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1986 jinendrabuddhi, pramANasamuccaya evaM dvAdazAranayacakra ke prakAzanoM meM upalabdha sampA., sukhalAla saMghavI evaM muni jinavijaya, gAyakavADa oriyaNTala sIrIja, bar3audA, 1949 abhinavagupta, sampA. subrahmaNya ayyara evaM ke.sI. pANDeya, ilAhAbAda udayana, oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa bar3audA, 1971 sampA. vAcaspati gairolA, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, 1962 zrIharSa, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI, 1970 IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSadaH, vyAsa prakAzana, vArANasI, 1983 gaGgeza, tirupati, 1982. jayarAzibhaTTa, bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI, 1987 maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, 1943 kezavamizra, hindI vyAkhyA, vizvezvara siddhAnta ziromaNi,

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sahAyaka graMthasUcI tArkikarakSA nyAyakandalI nyAyabhASya nyAyamaJjarI nyAyavArtika nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA nyAyasUtra prazastapAdabhASya brahmasUtrazAGkarabhASya manusmRti mAthurIpaJcalakSaNI yogasUtra (bhojadevavRttiyukta) vAkyapadIya vedAntasAra vaizeSikasUtra (candrAnandavRttiyukta) vyomavatI zAbarabhASya zAstradIpikA caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1977 varadarAja, meDikala hAla, vArANasI zrIdhara, prazastapAdabhASya, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, 1977 vAtsyAyana, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1970 445 jayanta bhaTTa, kAzI saMskRta sIrIja, 106, vArANasI, 1936 udyotakara, sampA. anu. zrInivAsa zAstrI, iNDo vijana prAiveTa limiTeDa, gAjiyAbAda, 1986 vAcaspatimizra, kAzI saMskRta pranthamAlA, 24, kAzI 1925 gautama, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1970 prazastapAda, anu. AcArya DhuNDirAja zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1980 caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1977 raNadhIra buka selsa, haridvAra, 1988 badarInAtha zukla, rAjasthAna hindI graMtha akAdamI, jayapura, 1984 sampA, ramAzaMkara bhaTTAcArya, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI, 1969 bhartRhari, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, 1966 sadAnanda, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1979 kaNAda, sampA. muni jambUvijaya, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sIrIja, naM. 136, baDaudA, 1982 vyomaziva, prazastapAdabhASya, caukhambA saMskRta pranthamAlA, vArANasI,1924 yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, bahAlagar3ha, hariyANA, 1977 pArthasArathimizra, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, . 1915 .

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446 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA zlokavArtika (nyAyaratnAkara sahita) kumArilabhaTTa,ratnA pablikezana,kamacchA,vArANasI,1978 sarvadarzanasaGgraha sAyaNamAdhavAcArya,pUnA,1951 sAMkhyakArikA IzvarakRSNa ,nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, naI dillI sAMkhyatattvakaumudI vAcaspatimizra,vyAkhyAkAra gajAnanazAstrI musalagAMvakara, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna,vArANasI,1985 sAMkhyasUtra kapila sampA.,rAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya,bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, vArANasI,1976 hindI graMtha anumAna-pramANa balirAma zukla,IsTarna buka liMkarsa,dillI,1986 apohasiddhi anu. govindacandra pANDe,darzana pratiSThAna,bApUnagara,jayapura, 1971 Agamayuga kA jaina darzana dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, zrI sanmatijJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966 kAzmIra kI tAMtrika paramparA : sAhitya, Ara.sI.dvivedI,nezanala pabliziMga hAUsa,dillI darzana aura sAdhanA jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna-vicAra darabArI lAla koThiyA, vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa, vArANasI, 1969 jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana darabArI lAla koThiyA, vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa, vArANasI, 1980 jaina - nyAya kailAza candra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha ,1966 jaina nyAya kA vikAsa muni nathamala,jaina vidyA anuzIlana kendra,rAjasthAna vizva vidyAlaya,jayapura,1977 jaina bhASA-darzana sAgaramala jaina, bhogIlAla laharacandra bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna, dillI,1986 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada paM.jugala kizora mukhtAra, vIrasevA mandira,dillI prakAza jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga-3) mohana lAla mehatA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI,1967 darzana aura cintana (do khaNDa) sukhalAla saMghavI, gujarAta vidyAsabhA,1957

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sahAyaka graMthasUcI darzana-digdarzana bauddha darzanamImAMsA bauddha-dharma-darzana bauddha vijJAnavAdaH cintana evaM yogadAna / rAhula sAMkRtyAyana,kitAbamahala,ilAhAbAda,1961 baladeva upAdhyAya, caukhambA vidyAbhavana,vArANasI,tRtIya saMskaraNa,1978 AcArya,narendradeva,bihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad,paTanA,1956 sampA., samadoMD rinapoche, kendrIya ucca tibbatI saMsthAna, sAranAtha,vArANasI, 1983 brajanArAyaNa zarmA,madhyapradeza hindI graMtha akAdamI,bhopAla, bhAratIyadarzana meM anumAna 1973 zrInivAsa zAstrI,kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya,kurukSetra,1968 vAcaspatimizra dvArA bauddhadarzana kA vivecana English Books Anacker, Stefan Bhargava, D.N. Bhatta, G.P. Bothara, Pushpa Buston Seven works of Vasubandhu, Motilal Banarasidass, 1984 Jaina Tarka Bhasa, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1973 Epistemology of the Bhatt School of Purva Mimamsa, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, 1962 The Jaina theory of perception, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1976 History of Buddhism (Chos-hbyung), Materialien Zurkunde des Buddhisms, Heidelberg, 1931 The Nyaya Pravesh, Part I, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1968 Contribution of Jainism to Indian Culture, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1975. Landmarks in the History of Indian Logic, Vienna, 1961 Early Budhist theory of Knowldge, George and Unwin Pvt. Ltd., London, 1963 The Tatva Samgraha, Ed. & tr., Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1986 Dhruva, A.B. Dwivedi, R.C. Frauwalner E. Jayatilleke, K.N. Jha, Ganganath

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448 Haack Susan Hattori, Massaki Hsuenli-Cheng Kochumutttom, Thomas A. Mati lal, B.K. Mookerjee, Satkari Murti, T.R.V. Randle, H.N. Shah, Nagin J. Sharma, Dhirendra Shastri, D.N. Shastri, Kuppu Swami Stcherbatsky, F. Th. Tatia, Nathmal bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA The Philosophy of Logics, Cambridge University Press, 1978 Dignaga, on perception, Harvard University Press, 1968 Nagarjuna's Twelve Gate treatise, Dr. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht. Holland, 1982 A Buddhist Doctrine of Experience, Motilal Banmarasidass, Delhi, 1982 Perception: an essay on classical Indian theories of knowledge, Clearendon Press, Oxford, 1986 (1) The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal flux, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1980 (2) The Jaina Philosophy of Non-Absolutism, Motilal Banarasidass, 1978 The central Philosophy of Buddhism, George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, 1960 Fragments from Dignaga, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1926 Akalanka's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy: A study, L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1967 The Differentiation theory of meaning in Indian Logic, Moutoun, The Hague, Paris, 1969 Critique of Indian Realism (The Philosophy of Nyaya-Vaisesika and its conflict with the Buddhist Dignaga School) Bhartiya vidya Prakashan, Delhi, 1976 A Primer of Indian Logic, Mylapore, Madras, 1961 Buddhist Logic, 2 Vols. Doyer Publications New York, 1962 Studies in Jaina Philosophy, P. V. Research

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sahAyaka graMthasUcI 449 Satish Vidyabhushana, Chandra (Mrs.) Vijaya Rani Institute, Varanasi, 1951 (1) A History of Indian Logic, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1978 (2) History of the Mediaeval School of Indian Logic, Oriental Books Reprint corporation , New Delhi, 1977 The Buddhist Philosophy as presented in Mimamsa slokavartika, Parimal Publications, Delhi, 1982 Pre-Dinnaga Buddhist Texts on Logic from Chinese Sources, (Upayahrdaya, Tarkasastra, Satsastra, & Vigrahavyavartani) Gaekwad Oriental Series, Baroda, 1929 Sidhasena's Nyayavatara and other works, Jain sahitya vikas mandal, Bombay, 1971 Tucci, Giuseppe Upadhye, A.N. patrikAeM, abhindana-graMtha evaM koza abhidhAna rAjendra koSa jIta abhinandana graMtha jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAratIya vidyA (varSa-3) Adyar Library Bulletin Indologica Taurenensia zrI abhidhAna rAjendra koSa prakAzana saMsthA, ahamadAbAda sampA. muni guNavantacandra gunI,zrI jayadhvaja prakAzana samiti,madrAsa,1986 kSu.jinendra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha,vArANasI bhAratIya vidyA bhavana,bambaI Vol. 18, 1959 Vol. 8, 1985-86, Proceedings of the Sixth World Sanskrit Conference (Philadelphia : Oct. 13th-20th, 1984) EDIZION! JOLLYGRAFICA, TORINO ITAALY Proceedings AIOC 31st Session, Jaipur Pt. Dalsukh Bhai Malvaniya Felicitation Volume 1 P.V. Research Institute, Varanasi, 1991

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lekhaka-paricaya DaoN. dharmacanda jaina kA janma rAjasthAna ke ToMka jile ke antargata alIgar3ha nAmaka kasbe meM 13 sitambara, 1958 ko huA thaa| prArambhika zikSA ke bAda jaina siddhAnta zikSaNa saMsthAna, jayapura meM raha kara Apane hAyara sekeNDarI se lekara ema0 e0 taka kI zikSA prApta kii| rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura dvArA san 1979 evaM 1901 meM, kramazaH bI0 e. aura ema.e. kI parIkSA meM sarvocca aMka prApta karane ke lie Apako svarNapadaka pradAna kiyA gyaa| samprati Apa jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura (rAja.) meM sahAyaka AcArya, saMskRta (jaina darzana ) ke pada para kAryarata haiM / mAtra 37 varSa kI umra meM jaina darzana aura prAkRta bhASA ke prakhara evaM medhAvI yuvA adhyetA DaoN. jaina ko zikSA ke kSetra meM kaI puraskAroM se sammAnita kiyA jA cukA hai / rAjasthAna saMskRta akAdamI, jayapura dvArA utkRSTa saMskRta gadya-lekhana ke lie Apako 1991 meM 'ambikAdatta vyAsa puraskAra' se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| samyak jJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura dvArA 1994 meM Apako 'yuvA zodha pratibhA puraskAra' pradAna kiyA gyaa| Apake lagabhaga bIsa zodha-patra vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| Agama anuyoga TrasTa se prakAzita 'dravyAnuyoga' ke samasta adhyayanoM ke Amukha evaM tRtIya bhAga kI bhUmikA Apane likhI hai| vartamAna meM Apa jaina jagat kI do lokapriya patrikAoM-jinavANI evaM svAdhyAya zikSA ke sampAdaka haiN| Jain E leation International